The Sun.
London, England, 1865-01-24 00:00:00

No. 22,649.

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 24, 1865.

NEW NOVEL BY THE REV. J. C. M. BELLEW

REMEMBER, ! WE WAIT SUPPER
FOR YOU, after the Pantomime, at EVANS'. Fail

good reason to fear a terrible retribution. It should
be known in • England that it is impossible for a
married man to live in Bombay on a thousand a year ; that
Englishmen are separating themselires from their wives and
families for years, because they cannot afford to keep them
in Bombay; that there are many subaltern; and e7en cap-
tains of her Majesty's army, who live like poor curate; in
a country where so to live is death, who, in sober truth,
cannot afford to have butcher's meat on their tables more
frequently than once a week. If it took ten years for prices
to double in Calcutta, in Bombay they have quadrupled in
four years. The non-producing poorer classes cannot get
grain. Last year (18634) a new trade sprang up between
Calcutta and Bombay, the latter taking nearly a million
sterling's worth of grain from Bengal. Yet the Bombay
Commissioner of Customs states the alarming fact that
while "the importations of grain into Bombay have been
32 per cent. in quantity below the importations of the pre-
ceding year, they have exceeded the latter in value by 200
per cent. Everywhere along the north-eastern division of
the Great India Peninsula Railway I have seen grain wait-
ing for transit to Bombay, but the single line of rail is as
unequal to the traffic hereas it is in the case of cotton on
the south-eastern branch. And even if this grain were sent
it would be as a drop in the ocean, while its despatch causes
famine prices in the interior. It is the official class, how-
ever, which suffers most. I have spoken of military officer;
but the political danger from the poverty of civilians is
greater, for their reduced status brings them into contempt
with the. natives who once looked up to them with awe.
It induces the younger and abler to leave the service for
merchandise, and it tempts those who remain to dabble un-
worthily in the share-market. Would you believe it, that
several of the leading rich natives of Bombay lately, in the
simplicity -of their hearts, proposed (indirectly) to
Government, not only to memorialise the Governor-
General on the subject, but to help to abate the
evil out of their *own pockets ? Hence the cry now to
keep the income-tax,---which sir C. Trevelyan is deter-
mined to abolish, substituting local imposts that will
fall mainly on the poor. The best men are tempted
away from official employment till the uncovenanted ser-
vice is deserted.N It is the ablest and youngest who go ;
but even those Whose pensions would otherwise keep them
are induced to leave, One doctor lately declined a tempt-
ing offer on this ground. " What is the value of your pen-
sion capitalised ?" he *as asked. On naming the sum it
was given to him ten times over by the simple addition of
a cipher, and he ceased to be a Government servant. On
his own responsibility Sir B. Frere added to the salaries of
the menial servants of the-State an increase proportionate
to the price of grain, on the same principle which is adopted
with our Sepoys. But he has hitherto failed to induce the
supreme Government to sanction an increase to the higher
branches of the service, for it would amount to more than
half a million sterling in Bombay alone. Nor can we won-
der at this refusal, for any increase must be general all
over India, and we can only hope Sir C. Trevelyan will
sacrifice vanity to justice, and give at least some relief,
otherwise administration in India will come to a dead lock.
What with the rise of prices, and the unnecessary irritation
caused by the mode of carrying out the military and medi-
cal amalgamations, the discontent of all classes of officials
in India has reached a dangerous height, and the effect of a
knowledge of this on the natives is deplorable.
The other evil result of this sudden wealth is unhealthy
speculation. I enclose a Bombay share list, and would es-
pecially direct your attention to the thirty banks, land re-
clamation, and financial companies, the fruit of the past
year chiefly. Every day a new company enters the mar-
ket, and there is a rush for shares, with endless heart-
burnings and counter accusations. Hardly one of these
companies has paid a dividend, yet the shares sell at
premiums which the maddest speculator never dreamt of,
and which can never make a return to the victims who
will be caught in the reaction that is impending. The
best, and to my mind almost the only hopeful, scheme
is the Elphinstone Land and Press Company, established
long before the present mania by Messrs. Nicol and Co.
Its object is to reclaim 1,200,000 square yards of
fore-shore at the busiest part of the harbour, and on the
ground, after giving a large part to Government to accomo-
date the railway, to build presses, wharves, docks, and
warehouses, like those of Liverpool. To reclaim each
square yard costs from 16s. to 20s. ; but each yard already
reclaimed lots on an annual lease at from 10s. to 14s. Hence
a dividend of 7 per cent. or even £14,800, the fabulous
premium to which each £l,OOO share has risen. Need we
wonder that a scheme which proves such a mine of wealth
has imitators both bad and good ? The slightest knowledge
of arithmetic would prove, if men were not corrupted by
the hope of sudden gain, that most of the other companies
shares, at their pfesent premium, will involve a terrible loss ;
but at present men in Bombay do not think of such con-
temptible things as dividends. They buy shares cheap to
sell them dear; they too often lend their good names to
plans which aro hollow, and make use of their knowledge
to get out of the showy edifice they have erected before it
falls and engulfs others in its ruin. The demand for ground
in Bombay is so great, and the fact that it will soon be the
railway focus of India is so favourable to it, that most of
these land reclamation schemes would be blessings to the
island if they were conducted in a healthy and honourable
market. As it is, I have seen no sadder sight than the
al fresco Bombay share market under a tropical sun. It is
far worse than the London betting circles, watched by
policemen, "behind the brewery," and elsewhere.

Now Ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., Revised,
SECOND EDITION of BLOUNT TEMPEST.
By the Rev. J. C. M. BELLEW.
" This book is well written. The story is interesting and
full of incident."—Athenaeum.

K.'"-AHAN'S LL WHISKY v. COGNAC
BRANDY.
This celebrated Old IRISH WHISKY rivals the finest
FRENCH BRANDY,

"A remarkably clever novel, thoroughly original, and in-
dependent of any fashion, school, or class. No nobler lesson
was ever taught than in the pages of this beautiful story."—
Post.

It i 4 Pure, Mild, Mellow, Delicious, and very Wholesome.

Sold in Bottles, 3s. Bd., at the Retail Rouses in London ; by
the Agents in the principal towns in England; or wholesale

Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

8, GREET WINDMILL-STREET, LONDON, W.
Observe the Red Seal, rink Label, and Cork branded
Kinahan's LL Whisky.":

ORSHAM, DORKING-, AND LEATHER-
JILL • READ RAILWAY COMPANY.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that the next ORDI—
NARY HALF-YEARLY GANERAL MEETING of this
Company will be held at the London, Brighton, and South-
Coast Railway Company's Station, London-bridge, on
FRIDAY, the 10th day of February, 1865, at Twelve o'clock
at noon precisely, to receive a Report f rom the Directors, and
for the general purposes of the undertaking.
The Transfer Books of the Company will be CLOSED on
the 3d day of February, 186, and will remain so until after
the Meeting.
W. R. SEYMOUR VESEY FITZ GERALD, Chairman.
GEORGE W. BROWN, Secretary.
Company's Offices, 23, Great George-street,
Westminster, 24th January, 1865.

GE 0 L OGY.—KING'S COLLEGE, London.—
PROFESSOR TENNANT, F.G.S., wi:l commence a
COURSE of WEDNESDAY EVENING, LECTU.h.ES on
GEOLOGY, from Eight to Nine; fee, £1 Is. First Lecture,
Jan. 25th. A more extended Course on Wednesday and Fri-
day Mornings. from Nine to Ten. First Lecture, Jan. 27th;
This Course will be continued to May.
R. W. JELF, Principal.

CRYSTAL. PALACE.-SUMMER in
WINTER.—LUXURIOUSLY WARM and DRY.—
ARRANGEMENTS TO-MORROW :-
01 ehestral Band
Wizard's World of Magic 2.30
Rope-Tying Trick •
Great Organ

The thousand and one other attractions of the Palace in-
clude : —The New Picture Gallery The Fine Arts Courts, in
variety and beauty unequalled in the world—The decorations
of the Palace, with the 'direst Christmas Tree Shakspere
House—Montanari Models—Swings, Roundabouts, Invigo-
rat rs, and other popular Amusements—Galleries of Models
and Ships—Armour Plates and Armstrong 40-pounder lent
by official authority—The extraordinary Chimpanzee-1 he
unique Aquariums. All these things render the Crystal
Palace the one place for holiday enjoyment.
Admission, :One Shilling. Children under 12, Sixpence.
Opeu for Admission from Ten till Six o'clock, Lighted up
till half-past Six,

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receive working pay shall not, unless under excep.
tional circumstances (to be specially sanctioned), ex-
ceed one officer for every 100 men employed in
Ll

PRICE 4d.
STAMPED sd.

ployed as auxiliary to its modern rival. The means
of communication by telegraph with all the docks
Shave been completed, and the special lines will soon
be extended to the great railways, wharves, and
warehouses, in which vast quantities of property are
deposited. By the aid of the telegraph the firemen
at each station can now be informed of the locality
of a fire with much greater certainty than formerly.
By means of fixed compasses at each observatory
" cross bearings are taken from distant points," and
the result sent to the central station in Watling-
street. The exact locality is then ascertained by
observing on a map the spot at which the lines con-
verge. The process is " simply the reverse of that
by which a ship's position is ascertained at sea," and
can be easily accomplished in the three minutes oc-
cupied in turning out an engine. Captain Shaw
also proposes to employ portable telegraphs to com-
municate between the locality of a fire and the
nearest station, and between the' man at the branch
and the man at the engine. This will do away with

the construction of permanent military work.
In laying down the proportion it is not intended to
prescribe the rank or proportion of officers and
non-commissioned officers who shall accompany the
working parties for Purposes of discipline, a ques-
tion which is left to the direction of the general or
other officer in command. The rates of working
pay previously prescribed are to be continued.
By her Majesty's command, the rates of personal
allowance for officers of the army travelling on duty
without troops have been fixed as follows :—For
general officers 20s. a day, for field officers 15s. a
day, and for captains and subalterns 10s. a day.

The Commander-in-Chief,, with the concurrence
of the Secretary of State for India, has decided that,
on the recommendation of the local Government of

the confusion produced by " shouting" the
,orders.
It is important to preserve silence at a fire, and to
keep off the crowd that always flocks to the spec-
tacle. The City Police have lately adopted a mode
of keeping the mob off by stretched wire ropes.
And, as they are not now so much employed to
work the engines, they are more under control, and
the firemen act quietly in a space cleared and kept
clear for their exertions.

India, and with the sanction of his Royal Highness,
exchanges may be permitted between officers of the
Staff Corps under the substantive rank of field
officer and properly qualified regimental officers of

the same rank, without reference to the station on
which the regiment of the exchanging officer may
be serving.

All the engines and apparatus of the establish-
ment are in thorough good order, but with every
improvement that can be made it is doubtful if the
means of extinguishing fires can be relied on - aS -a
sufficient protection. Much more must be done to
prevent their occurrence. Captain Shaw cautions
the public against a too confident trust in what are
called " fire-proof" buildings. As to risk of fire,
the contents of a building are of much more impor-
tance than the structure itself. In a real fire-
proof warehouse the contents of any one com-
partment might be consumed without communi-
cating the fire through any partition, perpendicular
or horizontal. Few London warehouses could stand

The following depots, with their officers, are under
orders to leave Colchester :—Depot 2d Battalion,
Ist Regiment, Capt. White, Capt. Low, Lieut.
Steuart, Lieut. Wheeler, Lieut. Thorburn, and En-
sign Morison will proceed to Fermoy on the 26th of
January ; depot Ist Battalion, sth Regiment, Capt.
Pendar, Capt. Newbolt, Lieut. Bradshaw, Lieut.
Knox,
Ensign Bingham, and Ensign Drew, will
proceed to Woolwich on the 31st of January to
join head-quarter ; depot 2d Battalion sth Regi-
ment, Capt. Pocklington, Capt. Kekewich,
Lieut. Richards, Lieut. Graeme, Lieut. Legge,
and Ensign Carleton will proceed to Walmer
on the 25th of January ; depot Ist Battalion,
6th Regiment, Capt. Mosse, Capt. Powell,
Lieut. Giffarn, Lieut. Howley, Lieut. Bowers, and
Ensign Lanyon, will proceed to Tilbury for embar-
cation to Devonport on the 28th of January to
join head quarters; depot 64th Regiment, Brevet-
Major Barker, Lieut. Daniels, Lieut. Brooks, Lieut.
Aglen, Lieut. Foster, and Ensign Carleton, will
proceed to Tilbury on the Ist of February for em-
barcation .to Portsmouth to join head quarters ;
depot 73d Regiment, Capt. Gibaut, Capt. Pigott,
Lieut. Armstrong, Lieut. Benson, Lieut. Lacon, and
Ensign Parker, will proceed to Shorncliffe Camp on
the 31st of January to join head quarters ; depot
88th Regiment, Capt. Hopton, Lieut. Burke, Lieut.
Wooodward, Ensign Maffet, and Ensign Dalrymple,
will leave for Fermoy on the 31st of January ; and
depot 90th Regiment, Capt. Goodriche, Capt.
Rennie, Lieut. Agnew, Lieut. Murray, and Ensign
Lawrence, will proceed to Preiton on the 31st of
January.

this test under all conditions. The building acts
are full of errors and omissions, which weaken their
operation, and they can be extensively evaded.
Stone staircases, it is asserted, do not deserve the
confidence the law reposes in them as a security.
Captain Shaw, speaking from experience, says that
—" Stone is in no sense fire-proof ; on the contrary

An order has been received at Chatham from
Colonel Chapman, C. 8., Deputy, Adjt.-Gen. Royal
Engineers, directing Col. Harness, C. 8., Director
of the Royal Engineer establishment, to augment
the Bth company of Royal Engineers, which has re-
cently arrived at Chatham garrison from China, to
its full complement by the transfer of the requisite
number of non-commissioned officers and men from

it yields to fire sooner than almost any other build-
ing material, and much more rapidly than wood."
Stone is brittle, expands with heat, and splits. The
employment of stone for staircases, therefore, should
not be made compulsory. Capt. Shaw declares him-
self strongly against it. The law assumes that stone
has the same qualities as brick, which it certainly
does not possess. Among the modern causes of the
increase of fires are the employment of steam-power,
and, in dwelling-houses, the use of large, close
cooking ranges generally connected with the old
flues. In the construction of theatres and other
places of public resort there is need of great improve-
ment. Theatres ought to be divided into two"' dis-
tinct risks," the stage being in one, and the audience
m another. A party wall should be carried across
the whole edifice, leaving open only the space for the
curtain, which could be closed on any alarm by a
revolving iron shutter, cutting off all communication
between the stage and scenery and body of the house.
Every door of exit should open outwards, which is
not always the case at present. It will surprise the
public to hear that the water companies still employ
the old imperfect plug, or hydrant, prescribed by
law in 1774, when no better form was known. A
rough wooden tube, tapered at the end, and stuck
into holes in the iron pipe, is still tolerated, though
other cities have long adopted those of modern con-
struction. But we are not surprised at this, when it
is explained that by some singular provision of the
law this old " wooden plug" arrangement can be
changed only by the consent of the churchwardens.
The water companies have no power in this matter.
In London this reads like an extreme illustration of
parochial conservatism.

the depot companies at head-quarters. In con-
sequence of most of the companies of the corps
being now at their full strength, an order has also
been received at Chatham directing that the recruit-
ing parties for the Royal Engineers are to enlist
only smiths, carpenters, bricklayers, and masons
for that corps.
The 23d (Capt. R. G. Thorold's) company of
Royal Engineers has been placed under orders to
proceed from head quarters, Chatham, to the
Mauritius, during the ensuing month, to relieve
one of the companies there stationed.
Intelligence has been received at the head-quar-
ters of the Royal Engineer establishment, Chatham,
of the death of Lieut.-Col. Patrick Stewart, C. 8.,
Royal Engineers, which occurred at Constantinople
on the 15th inst. The deceased officer was engaged
in laying down the electric telegraph, overland, from
Constantinople, through Persia and Affghanistan,
to India. Only a few months ago he left Chatham
in charge of a party of RoyaLEngineers, selected to
be employed in that operation. Unfortunately the
climate proved trying, and the duties to be per-
formed too laborious for his constitution, and he

succumbed at the early age of 32.
The paddlewheel sloop Virago, 6, 1,059 tons, 300
horse power, Commander W. G. H. Johnstone,
which arrived at Plymouth on Friday from Ber-
muda, as stated in The Sign of yesterday, is to be
paid out of commission at Sheerness. Her bulk-
heads and internal fittings are not to be disturbed,
and her rigging, boats, and other stores are to be
returned and preserved in such order as that they
may again and at once be available for the same
ship if required. The Virago when paid off will
tad.kxuin inc nrst instead of the third division of

Naval and Military Intelligence.

On Thursday morning the troops at Aldershott,
under the command of Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. L. Penne-
father, K.C.8., carried out a preconcerted plan of
In a rrthin g.th P spveral briodreshraroceeding bydif-
ferent roads converging upon Fa , and arriving
in that town between 11 and 12 o'clock. The bri-
gades marched from their parade-grounds towards
the general rendezvous about 9 o'clock in the follow-
ing order :—The cavalry, with the D battery, Royal
Artillery attached, proceeded bythe Farnham-road,
turning to the right by the road over Thicksbury-
hill, past Heath-house, into Crondall, and thence
by the lower road to Farnham. They arrived at
the Market-house at 11 15. The 3d Brigade, with
F battery, Royal Artillery attached, proceeded by
the same route as that ordered for the cavalry as
far as the Lawday-house, and thence down into
Farnham by the road, passing the Castle. They
arrived at the Market-house at 11 30. The 2d
Brigade proceeded through Aldershott to Tongham,
and thence by the Guildford and Tongham road,
turning to the left by the road over Crooksbury-
hill, past Waverley Abbey and Farnham Railway
Station. They arrived at the Market-house at 1145.
The Ist Brigade, with E battery, Royal Artillery
attached, proceeded through the village of Wey-
bourne, crossed the Guildford-road at the Bourne,
turned into Moor Park grounds, and entered the
south suburbs of Farnham by the railway station.
It then continued its route to Wrecclesham by the
road running parallel to the railway and across the
river Wey, taking the Portsmouth-road from Wrec-
clesham to Farnham, and entering the town by the
south-west extremity at 12 o'clock. The Lieut.-
General and his Staff, having taken up a position
facing the market-house, the troops defiled before
him in the following order :—The Cavalry Brigade
passed by in sections of threes, Major-Gen. Hodge,
C.B. • Col. Wardlaw and Royal Dragoons ; Capt.
Ravenhill andD battery Royal Horse Artillery; Col.
Darby Griffith, C. 8., and Scots Greys; Lieut.-Col.
Thompson and 14th Hussars. The 3d Brigade
marched past in fours, Major-Gen. Russell, C.B. ;
Lieut.-Col. Gordon and 75th Regiment ; Capt. Pitt
and F Battery, Royal Artillery ; Majorißates and
83d Regiment ; Major Leckie and 39th Regiment.
The 2d Brigade :—Major-Gen. Bates, Col. Ingall,
C. 8., and 62d Regiment ; Col. Budd, and Ist Bat-
talion 14th Regiment; Col. Palmer, C. 8., and 2d
Battalion 60th Rifles. The Ist Brigade :—Col.
Grey (85th Regiment), brigadier ; Lieut.-Col Eager
and 31st Regiment ; Capt. Steward and E battery
Royal Artillery ; Major Appleyard and 85th Regi-
ment ; Major Romer and 59th Regiment. Detach-
ments of the Military Train accompanied the Bri-
gades. The last of the division had passed the
point:at a quarter-past 12, and the troops reached
quarters bythe direct road to Aldershot about 1 p.renci
The march was rather a long one, having
en btaracking
l
a distance of about 12 miles ; but thevplanof
pa
possession of a point by the whole itgrnoiol:
at a given time illustrated a feature
ra
which was regarded with consi eble interest by
non-military spectators• the staff and division at
The following changes in
Aldershot have just takbeace :—Major and Bre-
Gen. Cord, unattached, to be
vet-Col. the Hon. Hug
aFt. headquarters, vice
Assist.-Quarter-Masctoeir.-E.
Pocklington, ap-
Major and Brevet-
pointed a member of the Council of Military Edu-
cation;A. E. Warren, 78th. Highlanders,
having Capt. 7
on appointment, as Aide-de-Camp to
is taking on the
having joined,
Major-General Russell, C. 8.,
strengthof thedivision ; Brevet-Majorß. C. Stewart
having ceased to performthe duties of Aide-de-Camp
to Major-Gen. Russell, C. 8., is struck off the
strength of the division.
The Secretary of State for War has, with the con-
currenceof theFieldMarshalCommanding-in-Chief,
decided that the proportions of subaltern officers to

the Sheerness Steam Reserve; and will be kept' in
such a state of forwardness that she can speedily be
brought forward for recommission when needed.

The screw steam corvette Cadmus, 21, Capt. A.
C. Gordon, left Plymouth Sound on Sunday for the
North American and West Indian station.

The ships of war on the Australian station at
the date of the last advices were—The Harrier,
17, Acting Commander Swan, at New Zealand ;
the Miranda, 14, Captain Jenkins, at Sydney ;
the Eclipse, 4, Commander Fremantle, at New
Zealand ; the Curagoa, 23, Commodore Sir W.
Wiseman, at New Zealand ; the Esk, 21, Captain
Lucie, at Sydney ; the Falcon, 17, Com—mander
Parkin, at New Zealand; and the Salamander, 4,
Commander the Hon. J. Carnegie, at Sydney.

DEBATES OF THE REICHSRATH.

VIENNA, Jan. 20.

At the sitting of the Lower House of the Reichs-
rath, yesterday, in a debate upon financial matters,
Herr von Plener made a speech which created con-
siderable sensation in the House. The Minister
said :

"We have now come to the end of the motions. These
are the resolutions at which the House has arrived, and will
still pass upon motions of the committee for the control of
the national debt. I have now to remark that these reso.
lutions, after all, are only passed by a portion of the Reichs-
rath, that is to say, by one of the Houses of that assembly.
It is therefore quite possible that the other House may pass
a different resolution upon the same subject. Even, how-
ever, should both Houses agree upon one or other of the
resolutions, the Government, in so far as it has not directly
committed itself in one direction or the other, will take
such resolutions into its serious consideration, as it has
always done with any wishes, requests, and resolutions Of
the House. But it cannot admit to those resolutions any
further governing effect. (Sensation.)
" Deputy SKENE—After so interesting and important a
declaration I move the close of the sitting.
previous
to its
but p
"The close of the sitting was carried,
at the hands of the Government,
of Deputies de -
cessation the President read the following dseireinaenddbfyor ex-
planationDr
Giskra and 78 members The Chambera in the draft
sires to call attention to the following P
i as f
o cannot,
also
on and poatuhr tneidasl resultshowever,
refrain,w hi which have
from beenex_
to which it is entitled
kinadVosmreofferinalgicitao:_th,e,
Theexceptional
hou s
house
statee t
so f
from syourinisithae-
jesty's Government the explanation,
whichcontinuance
th e
e
by the cryontsbteituinitipeo
that these measures, ur 7tdesire even if
pressing the strong
may speedily cease:'
hitherto necessary,
achieved exceptional
therebymea
This passage was
the debate upon the address, thereby show-
agreed to even after the statements of the Ministers upon
ingthis
thatsub th
subject
eete
illimuse did not consider those statements satis-
fied the rights guaranteed to it by sec. 13 of the patent of
Feb. 26, 1861. Several weeks have elapsed since the re-
solution of the house. It was informed some time ago that
his Majesty had been graciously pleased to accept the ad-
dress of the Lower House, and nothing has yet been done
upon the part of the Government to comply with that just
expression of the wish of the members. Even after the re-
assembly of the Reichsrath those exceptional measures, with
their prejudicial effect upon the legal status and public life
of that country, still continue to prevail, together with the
special burden thereby entailed upon the finances of the
empire, without any visible reason, after the insurrection
in the kingdom of Poland is stifled, the prisons in Galicia
mostly emptied by the sentences that have been passed,
aftdr trade and commerce have returned into their former
channels, and the conditions of normal activity have been
restored to the courts and tribunals for the public safety of
the country. The undersigned, therefore, beg to ask the
Government-1. When does the Government of the Em-
peror, in conformity with sec. 13 of the imperial patent of
Feb. 26, 1861, intend to lay before the assembled Reichs-
rath the reasons and results of the state of siege ordered in
Galicia ? 2. What al.° the reasons for which the Emperor's
Government still continues to impose the state of siege in
Galicia, and the exceptional inemuree connected there.
with V