The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-22 00:00:00

LOANS.

Loan Act of Feb. 28, 1861
Aug. 19, 1861 .. 5,743,114
Call 'Cleposits
Balance of loan from banks 2,459,312
-- 20,455,972
BY INCONVERTIBLE NOTES.

Treasury Notes Act, March 9,
1861 £471,600
71 „ May, 16, 1861 4,047,857
„ Aug. 19, 1861 39,145,076
April 17, 1862 5,319,976
Small "
notes 197,400
49,181,909
Miscellaneous

£72,806,812
leaving a deficit on the Ist of August of nearly
£4,000,000.

As in the North so in the South, this great
struggle has been carried on a little by taxes, some-
what by loans, and mostly by inconvertible cur-
rency. For the South no other course was possible.
It is not possible to levy very heavy taxes in a poor
country with a sparse population during a revolu-
tion which has suspended its main industry. It is
not possible to raise regular loans in such a country
to an enormous extent, for the floating capital that
is requisite does not exist. It is not possible for an
inchoate state like the South, of which the very
existence was, at first, undecided, to borrow much
abroad_ The only applicable resource is the
currency ; by substituting its own paper for the coin
in circulation a poor Government can at an emer-
gency obtain a great sum. The South were com-
pelled to adopt at once this last of financial expe-
dients. The North, from a reluctance to tax in the
rulers, an apathy in the multitude, and an ignorant
contempt of economical laws in both, adopted that
extreme expedient without a necessity, and when
many better resources were open to it.

* Mr. Chase has just stated his expenditure for the three
months ending the 30th of June at £38,800,000, or nearly
£160,000,000 per annum.

MR. MASON ON 7HE RP COGNITION OF

THE SO U 7 H.

The following letter from Mr. Mason has been
published. It is in reply to a request from Mr.
Boon, the secretary of the committee of the 3taly-
bridge meeting, for Mr. Mason's opinion as to the
effect recognition would have in terminating the
war, and also for any other information that might
strengthen the arguments of the speaker in favour
of recognition :

" September 19, 1862.
"Sir,—l have had the honour to receive your letter
of the 27th inst., informing me of a projected meet-
ing to be held at Staly bridge, in Cheshire, of the
ratepayers of the town, who are to have under con-
sideration the question of recognition of the Con-
federate States of America, and asking my opinion
as to the effect that such recognition would have in
bringing about a peace, and any other information
I may deem pertinent to the subject.

" As a citizen of those States I do not feel at
liberty to refuse your request under the circum-
stances stated, when, perhaps, otherwise to offer my
opinions might be deemed intrusive.
" It is certainly a settled principle of international
law that when a new nation or empire is brought
into existence as a separate and independent Power
other nations are at liberty, without giving cause
of offence, to recognise it as such, and to receive it
as an equal in the family of nations ; and to entitle
it to such recognition it is only required that suffi-
cient evidence be exhibited of stability and perma-
nence in the new Government, coupled with the
power to sustain itself in its new position.

In the case of the Confederate States I think it
may be confidently submitted that the facts which
have transpired since their separation from the
United States, both in the Cabinet and in the field,
come fully up to such requisitions. It has existed
as a perfectly organised Government, in full and
unimpeded operation, for more than 18 months; and
as to its ability to sustain itself, its career in arms,
against vastly superior forces, may challenge the
judgment of the world. The present population of
the Confederate States comprises about 12,000,000
of people.

"; I think I may confidently assume, as the public
judgment of Europe, that the separation of these
States from the late United States is final and for
ever, and that in no possible contingency—even
could the war be continued to their extermination
—can they ever be restored to the repudiated Union.
" Under such circumstances, how far it may be
deemed incumbent by other Governments publicly
to acknowledge the existing fact of such final sepa-
ration, and thus to recognise the new Power, is for
those Governments to determine. Fortunately for
us, our people have shown themselves not only self-
reliant, but worthy of that reliance. We have
fought our battles unaided and alone, and, until
recently, uncheered by the nations looking on. For
the future we have no fears, nor would the recog-
nition to which you refer be of any value to us,
except so far as it might tend to bring the war to
a close—a war to be waged henceforward hopelessly
by our enemy, and at which humanity shudders.
" In reply to your inquiry as to what effect re-
cognition of our independence would have towards
putting an end to the war, I have only to say it
would at once and for ever dispel all delusion on the
subject in the United States. So long as it is with-
held by Europe it is taken ac an admission in Ame-
rica that in European judgment there may yet be a
restoration of the broken Union, and to that extent
our adversaries may be encouraged to persevere.
That I am warranted in speaking of this as a delu-
sion "may appeal to the verdict of every intelligent
Englishman.
" Again, you are aware that the war was com-
menced and has been prosecuted for the purpose of
putting down an alleged rebellion. Our recogni-
tion by the European Powers would be the decree
of enlightened, impartial, and able observers that a
rebellion, if one ever existed, had been brought to
an end, and there stood in place of it, as acknow-
ledged by them, a separate, sov.,reign, and indepen-
dent State, the equal of any in the line of empire.
" It is not in the experience of the world that a
war so disastrous in its results to those now waging
it against the Confederate States, when they were
made to understand that it was no longer conducted

against alleged rebels in arms, but against an ac-
knowledged equal political Power, could long be
maintained.

" Such are my views on the questions you have
submitted—briefly, but I hope intelligently, given.
" I have the honour to be, very respectfully,
"Your obedient servant,
" J. M. MASON.
"To William Boon, Esq., 54, Devonshire-
street, Portland-place, London."

IHE LATE ACCIDENT ON THE LONDON,
CITATHA.Zif, AND DOVER RAIL WAY.

The coroner's inquiry into the circumstances at-
tending the death of Wm. Reed, engine driver, who
was killed by the accident which happened on the
London, Chatham, and Dover line, near Teynham,
on the 13th inst., was resumed yesterday by Mr.
Hills, and a respectable jury, at the Fountain Inn,
Sittingbourne.

Mr. Keel (Freshfiald and Newman) appeared to
watch the case for the company ; Col. Yolland re-
presented the Board of Trade ; and Mr. C. J. Fox
appeared for Serg.-Major Halse, who had been in-
jured by the accident. There were also present—
Sir C. Fox; Mr. Cobb, one of the directors of the
company ; Mr. Mills, engineer ; Mr. Bishop, traffic
superintendent ; and Mr. Martley, of the company's
locomotive department.
The jury having assembled,
George Dennison said he had been guard of the
down 8.0 express train on the evening of the 13th.
He was due at Dover at 10.20. He should have
passed Sittingborne about 9.30. He passed on the
night in question at the right time. He arrived at
Tong crossing at 9.34. He proceeded safely until
he came to Tong crossing. He then felt a jerk in
the break van. In another instant he was off the
road altogether. The train remained alongside the
down line, and the engine and tender across the
road. The jerk was the only warning he had of the
accident. The engine was new, and had been run-
ning about eight or ten days. She seemed to per-
form her work properly. The train consisted of
two first and one second-class carriage and a break
van. He had another guard with him, named John
Webb. He had no time to apply the breaks. He
perceived no particular jolting of the train on that
night. The train had before run in the usual way.
The engine driver who was killed was a very com-
petent man. He had generally been employed in
driving express trains. Witness had never heard Reed
make any particular remark about the engine. He
(witness) had been in the company's service 17
months. He had perceived no difference in any-
thing connected with the train as regarded that
particular part of the line. He could give no idea
as to how the accident occurred.. He did not no-
tice that any keys were out at the point where the
accident occurred.

By Col. Yolland—The train was running at
about the rate of4o miles an hour. He left Chatham
at 11 minutes past 9. He was eight minutes late
in leaving Victoria station. He was four minutee
late at Strood. After getting out the van he found
the time 9.36.
By the Coroner—The train had not been accele
rated at that place where the accident happened.
Steam was generallyshut off at the part in question.
By a Juryman—He did not know what had
caused the jerk. He observed a bulge in the line
at the place where he supposed the train went off
the line. He saw the bulge after the accident. It
was on the right hand going to Dover. He had not
seen any chair broken on which the rail rested.
John Webb said he had been under-guard of the
train, and he corroborated the evidence of the pre-
ceding witness. He thought the speed was 40 miles
an hour, and he did not think the accident had been
caused by the speed.
A Juryman said he had heard that the train
had been going at a quicker rate.
The Coroner objected to this method of conduct-
ing the inquiry. The persons who made these
statements ought to have come and given evidence
in the ordinary way. If flying rumours were ad-
mitted prejudice would be created.
A Juryman said he had heerd that complaints
had been made by passengers that the train had not
been quick enough.
T. Mapleson Green, superintendent of the Kent
County Constabulary, said he had been at the loca-
lity of the accident on the 13th, at a quarter-past 10.
Shortly after the accident he examined the line,
and found that the key and the cushion of one of
the chairs were out. He did not perceive any
bulge in the line at the point where he believed
some portion of the train had gone off. He
thought the tender had gone off first. The next
chair to the one he had mentioned had a little bit
chipped off the top. He found the fish plate all
perfect, and the nuts square and tight. The next
chair after passing the fish joint showed a mark
over which a wheel had evidently passed. The two
next chairs were more marked, and near the end of
that same rail there was a small bulge.

By Col. Yolland—He could not say whether any
of the chairs on that length of the line were broken
or not. He examined the line for 30 yards back, and
found nothicg wrong. He could not say whether
the accident had taken place on one length of rail
or two. Some part of the train must have jumped
over the metal at the place where he found the key
out of the chair. That was his opinion.
Ralph Stoddart said he had been stoker of the
train to which the accident happened. Deceased was
engine driver. He had worked with Reed about four
months. He (Reed) was a very competent engine
driver. The engine of the train had been working
nine days, and it had been made by Sharpe and
Stewart. It was a good engine. Engines work
better when they have been used some time. She
ran true, level, and easy. She did not roll. The de-
ceased was quite satisfied with the engine. He had
never said at the Chatham station that Reed had
said he liked the engine very well, only she jumped
so. He believed they were four or five minutes late
on leaving Victoria. The train had travelled at the
usual rate of speed. It had not run to make up time.
On coming to Sittingbourne and Sheerness Junction
steam had been shut off. After passing the steam
was put on as usual. Just as they came to Tong cross-
ing, and he was about to open tee furnace door, the
engine left the rails. She went on a little, then took
" the six foot," and after getting on the up-rails
she capsized. He could not tell why the engine
had left the line. He had not felt any jerk or jar
before the engine went off the line. He believed
the engine had first gone off.
By Col. Yolland—He did not know that in point
of quality there was any difference between the line
between Sittingbourne and Tong and the other
parts. He did not know that Reed had made any
report on that particular part of the line to the loco-
motive superintendent. When the train got off the
line he thought the speed was about 35 miles an
hour. He liked the engine better than Crampton's,
because it was more steady.
Mr. Mills, the engineer of the line, said he had
been at the scene of the accident at half-past 12 at
night. He could not say from his own observation
what had been the cause of the carriages leaving
the line. The down line on which the accident
occurred was as well laid as the up-line. Indeed
the down-line at the part in question was better
than the up-line. He travelled over the line in
question twice on the evening before the accident,
and the line seemed to be in perfect order. The
weight of the engine might be about 28 tons. The
line at Tong had been fish-jointed and properly re-
paired four months ago. They had different classes
of engines. They had Sharp and Stewart's, and
Crampton's patent, and others. He liked Sharp
and Stewart's best. If the engine-drivers saw any-
thing requiring attention they would report to their
inspectors, and they would report to him. In con-
sequence of a report he received he had given orders
to straighten the line where the accident happened.
The repairs had been completed before the accident.
By Col. Yolland—He saw that a key had been
out of one of the chairs. The chairs about the part
where the carriages went off the line were all nearly
new. He got to the place of the accident at half-
past 12. He considered that the engine had burst
the rails—he meant the second rail. (The witness
explained his meaning by referring to two rails,
which had been laid on the table.) The bulge of
the first rail had probably been caused by the lurch-
ing of the engine. After the accident he had exa-
mined the chairs to Sittingbourne, and found them
all sound and properly fixed.
William Martley, the locomotive superintendent,
was then called, but he could not state what had
been the cause of the accident. He knew the engine
drivers did not like Crampton's engines.
Absalom Perth, inspector of the permanent way
from Strood to Faversham, said the greater portion
of his part of the line had been properly fish-jointed
during the last six months. On the 10th, Mr.
Mills directed him to get the line straightened be-
tween Teynham and Tong, which included the part
was
f it a h
excel-
lent
where the accident occurred. He employed 15 mea
to straighten the line, and the work had been corn.
ple t com-
pleted beforeorder-
H ethe
couldaccident.
not
in r
inThe
any
line
idea
attendan d
a
of the accident. Some engines affect the road more
halfto
than others, by oscillation.
To the line
there were five men for everytwo
The inspectors under him had :uinea a week ;
they were paid for over-time,ng
Colonel Yolland said he attended e.tyhehadtwo
shillings for what they did on Sundays.
abytyhs
instruc-
tions of the Board of Trade. He would not
what had been the actual cause say
he would say what his o of the accident, but
p
evi-
dence he bad heard. He thought the evidence had
ion was from the
been truthfully given. He
believed that both the
first and second rails
_spoken of by Mr. Mills had
been forced out by
a heavy lurch of the engine, and
probably the carriages got off after they passed the

spot. He did not think that one key out would
have caused the accident.
The Coroner having summed up, the jury, after
deliberating about an hour, returned the following
verdict :—" We find that the deceased William Reed
came to his death by accident, and we believe that
the engine left the rails in consequence of the de-
fective state of the road, which we consider mainly
attributable to the use of the engines known as
Crampton's patent."
The Coroner said that was equivalent to a ver-
dict of accidental death., He would take that
opportunity of stating that no sort of imputation
rested on the deceased William Reed. His charac-
ter had been beyond reproach, and he had been the
best driver in the company's employ.
Mr. Martley said he might state the company
were making arrangements respecting their engines
which would most conduce to the safety of the public.

7HE ALLEGED DEATH FROM VIOLENCE

A 7 SH 0 REDI7 CH.

Yesterday afternoon Mr. H. R. Walthew, the
deputy-coroner for East Middlesex, resumed the
adjourned inquiry at the Suffolk Arms Tavern,
Boston•street, Hackney-road, Shoreditch, touching
the death of Mary Ann Jones, aged 22, tha wife of
a hawker residing at 65, Boston-street, who, it was
alleged, had died from violence.
At the former inquiry it was stated that the de-
ceased and her husband were heard quarrelling by
the neighbours at a late hour on Tuesday night, the
7th inst., when screams of Police—Murder ! issued
from the house. The deceased was immediately
afterwards seen outside the door in front of the
house. The husband, it was said, struck her a vio-
lent blow with his clenched fist several times, when
she exclaimed " Oh, don't kill me." He repeated
the blows, when she said " Don't strike my head—
you are murdering me." He then went inside the
house and closed the door. Deceased walked up to
the front door, and called to a girl who acted as
their servant " Mary give me the baby ; I will make
away with myself, and trouble him no more." The
quarrel lasted a considerable time, and on the fol-
lowing morning deceased's eye was much swollen
and blackened. The deceased was taken ill on the
9th and died on the 11th.

Mr. Pitt, surgeon, of Hackney-road, said that he
had made a post-mortem examination of the body,
and the immediate cause of death was inflammation
of the brain, and the cavity of the chest was gorged
with fluid. The inflammation of the brain might
have been the result of a blow, but there was no
external violence. When he first saw the deceased
she complained of sickness and had a contused eye.
She said that she had struck her head against the
mantleshelf.

By the Deputy-Coroner—The deceased might
have died from natural causes, and similar post-
mortem appearances would be presented.
Other witnesses were examined,who gave evidence
of a conflicting character.
The husband of deceased was also examined, and
denied having struck her, but admitted the quarrel.
The jury returned a verdict of—Died from con-
gestion of the brain, accelerated by the ill-treatment
of the husband.

COUNTRY MARKE 26.

.4.

LEEDS-TUESDAY.

For the best dry wheats more money was asked, but sales
did not progress freely. Parcels out of condition were all
but unsaleable. The better sorts of barley sold readily at
full rates, but inferior neglected. Other articles were un-
changed.