The Sun.
London, England, 1865-07-18 00:00:00

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The Negotiations Between Rome and Italy.

(REUTER'S EXPRESS.)
FLORENCE, July 15.

The following is the full text of General Lamar-
mora's report to King Victor Emmanuel upon the
negotiations with Rome, of which a telegraphic
summary has already appeared
. . _

" Sire,—As soon as your Majesty had communicated to
me the autograph letter addressed to your Majesty by his
Holiness Pius IX., bearing date 6th March, my colleagues
and myself immediately took the same into consideration.
We were unanimously of opinion that the letter of the Holy
Father should be followed up, both from respect for the
chief of the Church, and with regard to the nature of the
letter itself, which only concerned the rights of the execu-
tive power, and interests entirely'religiotis and 'spiritual,
which, however, should be considered, out of respect to the
belief and sentiments of the great Majority of the nation,
and as connected with the efficacious action they exercise
upon moral conditions and the concord and the tranquillity
of the country. We were confirmed in this opinion by the
consideration that important advantages might follow from
an agreement with the Holy See upon the three points to
which the Holy Father directed your Majesty's attention,
viz. :—The return of the bishops absent from their sees,
the filling up of the vacant dioceses, and the admission of
the titular ecclesiastics already nominated in some pro-
vinces of the kingdom without the consent of the Govern-
ment. The first point has already claimed our attention for
some time past, in consequence of the petitions of the
populations favourable or adverse to the return of their
pastors, and we could have no objection to a measure
which would maintain intact the dignity of the Govern-
ment and satisfy the requirements of civil prudence.
The second point gave us the opportunity of informing
the Holy See upon the intentions of the G.overnment rela-

tive to the diocesan circumscription of the kingdom, and
of requesting that, until this should be definitively fixed,
those episcopal sees should- be left vacant which their
exiguity or other reasons rendered it advisable to sup-
press. The third point put us in the way to effect the
reform of a certain state of things contrary to the pre-
rogative of the Crown and State, and which had given ris3
to observations and complaints. On the other hand, while
confident that the Holy Father, in addressing himself to
your Majesty, must have had in view condition's befitting
a representative Government, especially those suitable to
the kingdom of Italy and to your loyalty and firmness, we
believed that the Holy See would be influenced by those
wise traditions' which, on many occasions, induced it to
separate the settlement of spiritual affairs from all political
controversy—traditions solemnly sanctioned in the bull
Bolicitudo Eeclesiaruna of Pope Gregory XVI., bearing date
August 7, 1831. Consequently we decided that the request
of the Holy Father, that a layman should be sent to Rome
to confer upon the three points above mentioned, and en-
deavour to come to some agreement upon the subject, could
and ought to be complied with. Your Government did not
hesitate therefore to consent to this mission being entrusted
to the Honourable Deputy Commander Xaverid Vegezzi,
with the Cavalier Advocate Giovanni Maurizio as col-
league. The instructions confided to them established be-
fore all that no political question was to be introduced at
the conferences, which would also exclude any subject not
connected with the three points above mentioned, and par-
ticularly any matter which might be within the compe-
tence of the legislative power. In the second place, the in-
structions declared that while, in the course of the confer-
ences on subsequent negotiations, it was not necessary to
touch upon the recognition of your Majesty's Government
on the part of the Holy See, in order that the conferences
and negotiations should not lose their true character of an
arrangement concerning interests entirely religious and
spiritual ; yet it could not, and (might not, to be allowed,
either in the whole, or upon any special point, that these
conferences and negotiations should imply the negation de
lack) of the existence of the kingdom of Italy. If your

Majesty's Government do not require a formal recognition
on the part of the Holy See, they consider themselves
bound not to lend themselves to any act susceptible of
being interpreted as a renunciation of the exercise of the
royal sovereignty and prerogatives in any portion
whatever of the territory of the kingdom. Tie instruc-
tions relative to the three points wore that those bishops
would be restored to their sees whose return would no
longer be ti cause of the disturbance of public tranquillity,
and who would undertake to observe the laws of the State
and cause the same to be observed by thoir clergy ; that
among the vacant sees those only would be filled up which
it might be determined to maintain on the future diocesan
circumscription of the kingdom ; that the presentation of
the prelates would be made by your Majesty with the pre-
liminary agreement of the Holy See, and that this presen-
tation would be stated in the act of appointment and the
bulls which would be submitted to the royal exequatur ;
and finally, that some of the titular ecclesiastics already
nominated would be admitted from grave motives of public
order and political expediency ; others would be admitted
not falling under these exceptions, provided the Holy See
granted the translation to other sees of the prelates nomi-
nated to sees which it might be determined to suppress,
and that their presentation-by your Majesty be stated in
the bulls, which would also be submitted to the royal
exequatur. After having thus maintained the principles
which every civil government is strictly bound to preserve,
your Majesty's Government did not hesitate to allow the
negotiations to proceed, relying, on the one hand, upon
the intelligence of their negotiators, and, on the other, that
the country, in which tho first news of the negotiations
produced a certain misapprehension, would dismiss all
suspicion when it had coreislisksuul .ex aet_inforreation of
the conditions which the Government had imposed, ,end
which they felt bound to bring promptly to the knowledge
of the country by the circular addressed by the Minister
of the Interior to the prefects of the kingdom on the 2d of
May last. The negotiations have passed through two
distinct phases, indicated by the two journeys made by
the negotiators to Rome in the months of April
and Juno. Received by the Holy Father with par-
ticular demonstrations of goodwill especially addressed
to your august person, they could only on the first visit
state the intentions of your Majesty's Govern-
ment, and receive those of the Holy See, in the idea
that, savingquestions of principle, some arrangments could ,
be effected, as in every negotiation, upon points of secon-
dary importance. In fact, finding the Holy See disposed
not to request the return without distinction of all the
absent bishops, they made it understood that your Ma-
jesty's Government would renounce their resolution of im-
posing particular conditions upon their return. And as the
Holy see had not disavowed the expediency of a new cir-
cumspection of the dioceses of the kingdom, they did not
feel bound to insist upon the precise number of the sees to
be left vacant or filled up, since it was easy to see that on
this point a middle course would have to be taken between
the respective positions of the Government and the Holy
See in taking account of the means put forward by both
sides. Moreover, the Holy See not displaying any marked
dislike to enter into the views of the Government relative
to some of the bishops already nominated, the negotiators
testified the desire of the Government to facilitate to the
Holy See the means of securing the conditions of all the
others in a suitable and honourable manner. But in order
to acquaint the Government verbally with the intentions
manifested by the Holy See, and especially to explain the
difficulties raised in the Conferences respecting the exequa-
tur for the bulls nominating the bishops and relative to
their oath, the negotiators requested and obtained permis-
sion to return to the seat of Government. The particulars
furnished by Commander Vegezzi were received and
weighed by us with the consideration demanded by the
importance of the subject, and were the object of the same
discussions, particularly with respect to the two points just
above mentioned. On the first of these points your Ma-
jesty's Government could not relinquish so precious a
guarantee of the civil power as that of the concession of
the exequatur to Pontifical appointmenti, which forms part
of our interior public law, which is expressed in Act 18 of
the Constitution among the prerogatives reserved to the
Crown, and which our State has held in common with almost
all the other Catholic States. With respect to the second
point, though it might be expedient to free the bishops
from the obligations of the oath, in deference to the prin-
ciples of civil and religious liberty and separation of
Church and State which your Majesty's Government are
honoured in professing, yet as this obligation is imposed
by special laws in the greater part of the kingdom, and a
diversity of regulations could not be admitted in different
provinces, it was determined to maintain this also, consi-
dering that to abrogate it would require a legislative act.
On this subject it was also considered that in almost all
the Catholic States the bishops are required to take the
oath, and that if we relieved them from it in our kingdom
it would not have been attributed to your Majesty's liberal
sentiments, but to a Concession imposed by political mo-
tives. It was not believed that the Holy See would raise
upon this point insurmountable difficulties if it were re-
solved to provide for the religious and spiritual interests
of our kingdom, since those interests harmonise with the
maintenance of civil concord ; and the bishops placed
I among us to exercise, as everywhere, an apostolate of love
and peace, would ill fulfil their mission with the necessary
usefulness towards the clergy and the people if they were
not in the same condition as the greater part of the Catho-
lic bishops, and deferring also to the best accepted tradi-
tions of the Church and her high teaching, enjoining obe-
dience unto all powers. The negotiators, therefore, with the
confirmation of their primitive instructions, were directed
to insist upon the oath of the bishops expressed in the for-
mula adopted in the kingdom, which is divested of all ser-
vile additions wounding the dignity of the episcopate that
are met with in other formulas. They were to insist also
upon the submission of the bulls to the royal exequatur,
with the faculty of consenting, upon the latter point, to
some modification of form, provided that the essential
point remained intact, and also with the faculty of giving
the form of a special convention to the arrangements
concluded with the Holy See, and making partial arrange-
ments upon any other particular point of the negotiations,
on condition that these agreements did not prejudice other
points remaining in suspense. Furnished with these new
instructions, the negotiators returned to Rome, but unhap-
pily they no longer observed that conciliatory disposition
which encouraged them upon the first visit; and although
they received a courteous reception, they could not fail to
perceive that some hostile influence had traversed the
favourable progress of the negotiations. It is not within
the power of your Majesty's Government to seek to dis-
cover what counsels were able to prevail with the Holy See
so far as to make it withdraw entirely from the arrange-
ments which it at first appeared disposed to sanction,
neither does it belong to us to refute the arguments by
which it may have been led to reject our proposals. Your
Majesty's Government respects the independence of the
Holy See, and does not consider that it is for them to enter
with it into a discussion of principles, although the most
ancient and respected traditions, and the conduct of the
Holy See, oven at recent epochs, not differing from the
present towards Governments placed under nearly the same
conditions as that of Italy, might afford ground for such a,
course. But though having at heart the independence of
the Holy See, we cannot less respect the independence of
your Majesty's Government. Thus, if we may regret that
the proposals made by us to satisfy religious and spiritual
interests in the kingdom have not been accepted, we have
no cause to complain if the cause be attributed to our efforts
to secure the prerogatives of the civil power, and maintain,
in fact, the national right which invests your Majesty's
Government with their greatest force. We must add that
we have not departed from our original intentions, and
that we have introduced no substantial modification in the
instructions given to the negotiators. From the beginning
we have maintained the reservation relative to the exe-
quatur, and we were only compelled to explain our opi-
nion on this point by the objections raised by the Holy
See, as we were obliged to make explicit declarations re-
lative to the oath of the bishops when we learnt that the
other rules
in
theand
the ncl
Holy See made this point a grand question. Moreover,
it will be seen that your Majesty's Government, conscious
of their origin
and
fi theirx n duties
negotia-
tionst he
country,
nnutrycould
undertaken than those
o
th; whilee
Hoy it
See mayin
g h
be asked, What may be
ePnlbs IX. unlessythaproposalit
rnade spontaneously from
the believed that your Majesty's
nGovernmentiti hearta
ul Parliament
could be induced to deny themselves and dis-
avow all the principles professed by every independent
Government ? The rejection of our proposals relative to
the oath of the bishops and the exequatur has been the
cause
points,f the
only -pintrs wasnan th
Your Majesty's Govern-
ment will not depart from their resolution to consent to
the gradual return of those absent bishops who can be re-
stored to their sees without danger of public disturbance,
ononstcaete ofd ta
other hte negotiations upon the
since this is only a measure of interior order which has
already been previously determined
upon by the Govern-
ment
themselves. After this the negotiators returned from
Rome, and resigned their mission, having
Worthily fulfilled
a difficult duty, having maintained inviolate the cause and
the dignity of the' State. By this short narration I think
I have discharged the duty incumbent upon myself as
well as my colleagues to inform your Majesty upon so
grave a matter, and one which has given rise to so many
dissentient and devious expectations. You Majesty will
find faithfully reproduced all the details which are already
known to you through the part you have takenin the deli-
berations of the Counsellors of the Crown. If your Ma-
jesty shares our regret that the negotiations with the Holy
See have not bad the desired success, your Majesty will
recognise with the whole country that on this Occasion the
rights of the nation and of the Crown have been preserved
while sincerely seeking to satisfy spiritual and religious
interests, which should never have been, and never should
be, confounded with other interests. The day perhaps may

(RE UTER'S EXPRESS.)
THORN, July 12.
The Dziennik Warzawski publishes an imperial
manifesto, dated June 12, by which the details of
the law of March 15, 1859, regulating the conscrip-
tion in Poland, are partly altered and increased,
and in part altogether remodelled. The same docu-
ment decrees that between the 6th November and
the 7th December of the present year a regular
military conscription shall take place throughout
Poland, in which five men in every thousand shall
be called out ; and in addition, in order partially to
cover the deficiency of the conscription of 1863,
conscripts at the rate of 1i in a thousand shall also
further be called out. The present as well as all
future conscriptions shall be carried out strictly in
accordance with the law az amended by the present
manifesto, and the former system of recruiting by
forcible means shall be abolished. By these regu-
lations all persons liable to serve are ordered to
present themselves at the office of the district re-
cruiting commission for personal examination.
From the number of those fit for duty the contin-
gent of recruits will be selected by lots. Those
selected will soon afterwards be put into uniform
and enrolled in the ranks of the regiments to which
they may have been appointed. Shaving the head
and beard, to which formerly every recruit was
obliged to submit, shall now only be inflicted as
a punishment on those who have intentionally
absented themselves from the personal examina-
tion, or hAve mutilated themselves in order to
avoid military service. Three supplements are
appended to the manifesto. The first of these
contains regulations for those future conscrip-
tions which are by degrees to fill up the de-
ficiency in the contingent for 1863, as well as
some instructions in reference to the purchase of
'substitutes. The latter privilege is granted to a
number of those recruits who fill up the deficiency
of 1863. The cost of a substitute is fixed at 400
silver roubles. The second supplement contains a
list of those exempt from military service are-1. all
Russian as well as Polish hereditary and personal
noblemen ; 2. ecclesiastics of all denominations as
well as all church attendants belonging to the ortho-
dox Greek faith ; 3. members of families whose re-
latives were denounced by the insurgents in conse-
quence of loyalty to the Russian Government ; 4.
foreigners and their sons, as well as naturalised
aliens in Poland and their sons born prior to their
naturalisation ; 5. the Mormonites and the Mora-
vian brothers ; 6. Jews who, prior to the publica-
tion of this order for the conscription, shall have be-
come Christians. In addition to these exempted
classes are the following :-1. Civil servants during
the time they hold office, teachers of all denomina-

tions, physicians, apothecaries, artists, rabbis ap-
pointed by the Government organists. 2. During
the time of their education, students and scholars of

the upper and middle class educational institutions.
Exemption from military service is also granted by
the law in cases of peculiar family affairs. The
supplement contains directions to the heads of

parishes in reference to the preparatiSn of certifi-
cates for those who are unfit for service on account
of bodily infirmities.

THE CHOLERA. IN THE EAST.

(REUTER'S EXPRESS.)

ALEXANDRIA, July 8.
The following are some details of the progress of
the cholera in this town :

On the 20th June the number of cases of cholera
which had proved fatal in Alexandria was upwards
of 60. From that date to the 24th the average num-
ber of deaths was 85 per diem, making a total of
857 since the outbreak of the epidemic.
At this date a violent chamsin arose, which con-
tinued with great intensity until yesterday. The ap-
pearance of this oppressive and dangerous south
wind is very rare at this advanced season of the
year, hit at this particular time such an occurrence
was a most unfortunate complication of matters, and
was attended by a sudden extension of the epidemic.
On the 25th the official list showed the mortality to
be 183, on the 26th 193, on the 27th 208, on the
28th 214, on the 29th 209, on the 30th 197, on the
2d June 196, on the 3d 228, on the 4th 176, on the
sth 118, on the 6th 132, on the 7th 142. It is be-
lieved that the mortality is much greater than stated
by the abovementioned official reports, but, on the
other hand, the surmises of an excited and panic-
stricken population are doubtless exaggerated and
unreliable. According to popular estimates the offi-
cial numbers should be quadrupled.
It cannot be doubted that such a rapid spread of
the epidemic is, to a great extent, due to local
causes, and principally to the state of the dwellings
of the Arab fellahs, which are shared alike by man
and beast—to the food of these natives which, espe-
cially at the present time, is insufficient and bad—
to the putrid water the Arabs are compelled to drink
during the low state of the Nile—to the excessive
heat, the want of personal cleanliness among them,
as well as among the poorer classes of Europeans—
and lastly, to the stupid superstition of the Arabs
with regard to the sickness on the one hand, and on
the other their well known indifference in the pre-
sence of epidemic and death. As might be expected
the greatest number of victims have been among
the native population of Mahmu-die-Canal, Minet-
el-Bassal, and Tartusch. A few instances have oc-
curred in the European quarters of the town, but
the upper class of Europeans have entirely escaped
up to the present time.
It is roughly estimated that between 18,000 and
Alexandria.
Every European residents have left
Every kind of transport has been brought
into use
to aid their flight, and Syria, the Greek Islands, Italy
and France, are the refuge of those emigrants.
Nine steamers have taken about 700 passengers
to Trieste.

The epidemic did not long confine itself to Alexan-
dria. It has not only attacked the villages of the
Delta and the towns of Dhamanhur, Tanta, Man-
sura, and Zagazig, but at Cairo the choleraic symp-
toms have shown themselves in a manner which gives
rise to the most serious apprehensions.

The official reports from Cairo are even less reli-
able than those issued here. The epidemic came
there with the chamsin. The population of Cairo is
about 300,000.

In Alexandria business is at a complete standstill,
and almost all the Arabian bazaars, shops, and
offices are closed.

The proprietor of the Egyptian, published at
Alexandria, has been compelled to stop the issue of
his paper for a fortnight in consequence of his Maltese
compositors and workmen being panic-stricken, and
leaving the place on account of the cholera.

TRIESTE, July 10.
From telegrams received here from Constantinople
dated July 9, we learn that on the 7th five fresh cases
of cholera occurred, two of which proved fatal.
The issue of free permits to ships outward bound
was prolonged for 10 days. Telegraphic advices
from Alexandria to the 18th state that the Lloyd's,
steamer Juno, with 231 passengers, and the Italian

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge
inspected two battalions of the Foot Guards this
morning in Hyde Park. It is expected to be the
last field day this season.

The number of ships of war in Plymouth Sound
was increased on Monday by the arrival from the
eastward, in the afternoon, of the iron-cased cupola
ship Royal Sovereign, 5, the construction of which
will no doubt make her an object of great interest
to the numerous visitors attracted there by the Ex-
hibition of the Royal Agricultural Society. Yester-
day morning the Austrian frigate Frederick, Capt.
Whiplinger, arrived from the eastward. The Royal
Sovereign, the Achilles, and the Prince Cousort are
the three ships appointed by the Admiralty to meet
the French ships Magenta, La Flandre, and Ariel.
Besides these there are in the Sound the British
frigate Constance and the sloop Gannet. The iron-
cased cupola ship Scorpion will probably join them
from Hamoaze to-day. The Turkish frigate from
Greenock is not yet arrived. Within the last few
days a considerable number of yachts have entered
the Sound, and are at anchor in the northern part.
The Prince of Wales is expected here this afternoon.
The United States' screw frigate Colorado, 50,
bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Goldsborough,
arrived at Falmouth on Sunday evening from New
York, and after obtaining a Channel pilot pro-
ceeded on her voyage to Antwerp.
The following appointments have been made at
the Admiralty :—William J. Talbot, midshipman,
to the Arethusa ; Gordon Jackson, surgedn, to the
Vigilant ; and Henry S. Collins, paymaster, addi-
tional, to the St. George.