The Sun.
London, England, 1865-06-19 00:00:00

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THE SUN, LONDON, iNIONDA.Y EVENING, JUNE 19, 1865.

THE CONSERVATIVE LAND SOCIETY.
Prospectuses sent free ofcharge to any place, explana-
tory of the Share, Deposit, Land, or Borrowing Departments.
Apply to CHARLES LEWIS GRUNEISEN, Esq., Secretary, 33,
Norfolk-street, Strand, London, W.C.

Paraguayan Declaration of War against the
Argentine Republic•

Paraguayan army represented by its vanguard at
Corrientes, will deserve the sympathy and applause
of the. Argentines who are not bound to the circle
that domineers at Buenos Ayres.
" His Excellency Marshall Lopez, who has always
given your excellency proofs of his esteem, has in-
structed me to communicate to your excellency the
position of this province, with the special recom-
mendation to tranquillise the population of your
province, and to guarantee the liberty necessary to
constitute your government, and I fulfil this very
agreeable duty, informing your excellency that the
Government of Corrientes has already been installed
as present circumstances permitted.
" I hope, general, that on this occasion your ex-
cellency will not be indifferent to the cause of the
people who have so often owed to your excellency
their liberty and institutions.
" For which reason it is my grateful task to offer
your excellency the assurance of my highest consi-
deration and esteem.

RIO DE JANEIRO, May 24.
The text of the declaration of war recently issued
by the Government of Paraguay against the Argen-
tine Republic has been received. The document is

ROYAL NAVAL, MILITARY, and
GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY (Esta-
blished A.D. 1837. under Royal Patronage), 17, Waterloo-
place, London, S.W.
ARTHUR It. HAMILTON, Secretary.
Agents wanted in towns not yet represented.

not of sufficient general interest to demand its in-
sertion in extenso. The following is its concluding

The BOOK. of the DAY and EVERY HAN'S BOOK.
Just published,'price Is. 6d , by post, free, ls. Bd.,
REVELATION of QUACKS and QUACKERY.
By D i,TECTOR.
For notices of this starting work see the "Saturday
;" Re-
view" of April 1, entitled "Quacks and Quackery the
"Weekly Dispatch" of April 11, "The Quacks and their
Crimes ;', "The Sun" of April 12, " 'Detector's' Broadside
on Qu tcks and Quackery."

passage :-

" The accumulation of hostile and unjustifiable
acts for which Paraguay and its Government never

gave the slightest motive, after so many proofs of its

endeavours to maintain the most amicable relations

with the Argentine Republic and its Government,
and of the abnegation with which Paraguay has al-

GUIDE TO TUE QUACKS OF LONDON.
A Series of Papers relative to Quacks, which appeared in
the r Medical Cliental'," with the signature of "Detector,"
has been republished in the form of a short pamphlet. The
reader of " Punch" should read this pamphlet also. He has
often read, in the pages of "Punch," of certain Quacks, frau-
dulent and noisome, who obtain money by false pretences,
and more money by menaces and extortion, from green
young men. For their names, which " Punch" would not
advertise, he has referred his readers to the lower corner of
the advertisinc columns of low newspapers, amongst which
too many of Mr. Punch's" contemporaries, especially in the
country, may still be enumerated. But now he begs to pub-
lish the information that a nominal list of these thiftcreants.
with copies of their puffs and other particulars concerning
them, needful to be anown, will be found in the pamphl. t
above referred to, which is entitled "Revelations of Quacks
an i Quackery." and is to be had at the "Medical Circular "
Office, 20, King William-street, Strand, W.C.
The vile practices, the monstrous impudence, the cruel
rapacity, and the enormous gains of the obscene tribe of
Quacks, the mischief they do, the ruin they work, even to
the causation of suicide, are sully set forth in " Revelations
of Quacks and Qackery." And mark especially that. as
aforesaid, the names of the Quacks are published. The
pamphlet in question thus constitutes a regular Quack Di-
rectory, by consulting' which every young man may know
where be may go if he wishes to get plundered and destroyed.
Buy, therefore, reader, by all means buy " It evelations of
Quacks and Quackery." Its contents will astonish and amuse
you, whi,e they invoke your indignation and disgust. Of
course you do not want it on account of its warnings for your
own sake, but you doubtless do for that of the many simple-
tons with whom you must be acquainted, if your acquaint-
ance is large. " Who are tne Quacks that 'Punch' means 7"
Consider what it is to he able to answer this question of the
young and inexperienced, and, for charity's sake, if for no
other, go and provide yourself with "Revelations of Quacks
and Qiackery," by Detector.—Punch, April 12.

ways suffered continual provocations in order to

avoid a rupture, has convinced it that the policy of
the present Argentine Government menaces the vital
interests of Paraguay and its Government.
" His Excellency the President of the Republic
has instructed the undersigned to inform your Ex-
cellency that the conviction of the policy of the

66 JOSE BERGES."

He was, however, disappointed in his hopes, for
Urquiza would not even open the letter, but sent it
closed -to Mitre (probably guessing the contents),
who ordered it to be published.

present Argentine Government, as proved by the

facts stated in this note, being opposed to the
rights, interests, honour, and dignity of the

Paraguayan nation and of its Government, has im-
posed on him the duty of informing the nation of so
grave a situation, and also to enclose a legalised
copy of the resolution of the 11.C.N.E., which,

Specie payments havebeen suspended inParaguay,
and Lopez has emitteds2,9oo,ooo in Treasury notes.

General Sherman in Washington.

noting and considering the facts declares war against
the present Argentine Government, to save the
honour, the dignity, and the rights of the Republic.
" Thus declaring war, his Excellency the Presi-
dent of the Republic solemnly protests that, as
Paraguay never gave the slightest motive for com-

While in this city, General Sherman, by special
invitation, visited the rooms of the Union League
Club in Union-square. He was cordially received,
and addressed by the president of the club, as fol-
lows !

plaint, either to the Argentine Republic or to any
of its Governments, not excepting the present one,
on them exclusively will fall the responsibility of the
distressing consequences of a situation adverse to

Major-General Sherman—On behalf of the Union
League Club, I bid you welcome. Your face has long
been familiar to us all, so far as the skill of the photo-
graphers could make it known to us. To-night, when you
give us the honour of your company, we realise in your
presence what hitherto has been a hope. Your deeds
have furnished our halls with many a commemorative
device. Atlanta, Chattanooga, Savannah, Charleston,
the Gibraltar of rebel engineering, which fell at the
shadow of your advancing army, many miles away,
and capitulated by force of an inference; Colum-
bia and Raleigh—all these have been watch-
words here. When you led the way through Georgia,
here we traced, day by day, your progress, when we
could, and whether we could or no we were always sure
you would come out triumphant. (Cheers.) When you
visited upon the absurd and truculent vanity of South Ca-
rolina the just vengeance she had provoked, we here re-
joiced at your wide array sweeping across the country of
that ridiculous chivalry. When men doubted whether Sher-
man's army could ever make its way to Terry and Scho-
field, we always maintained here that the thing was as good
as done. (Cheers.) We talked of you, we praised you, we
loved you, for the directness and patriotic sentiments of
duty with which you made war. We have striven, as well
as civilians might, to do what we could all through the
four years of war to uphold our Government and its de-
fenders with truth and loyalty. As one of the most illus-
trious of these defenders we thank you, and congratulate
you, General, on the glorious way in which God has per-
mitted you to load the armies you directed always to vic-
tory. (Cheers.)
General Sherman responded as follows :
" I think no feelings so kindly to the heart as the wel-
come home of a single tie, and when welcomed to this home
by the men I see before me, it is doubly, trebly dear to my
feelings. I thank you, therefore, for the kindly greeting
you have given me, and I feel myself closely related to all
who hear my voice now. I know you simply have a curio-
sity to see me (laughter and cheers), to look at me on this
occasion. I cannot tell you anything new, because you
have heard it all, and more too. (Laughter.) But even if
I could tell you anything which you had not already heard,
I do not think that it would be appropriate to do so here.
When we are sitting together around the social board,
or the fireside, at some future time, I will be very
glad, with my map in hand, as you have said, to trace
for you the course of Sherman's march through the
great Southern country. It is full of interest, of deep
interest, and I think I could, by a little explanation, make
many points clear to you which aro now obscure. (Cheers.)
Time enough for that, however, in the future. All I need
say now is that I thank you again most heartily for the
kindly greeting you have given me, and you, sir, for the
handsome manner in which you have discharged your trust.
(Loud cheers.)

HAIR-CURLING FLUID, 248, High Holborn,
London.—ALEX. ROSS'S CURLING FLUID curls
Ladies' or Gentlemen's hair immediately it is app,ied. Sold
at 3s. 6d.; sent free for 6i stamps. Ross's Toilet Magazine,
is. 6d., or 20 stamps.

the sentiments of consideration and friendship which
the Argentine nation has always deserved of the
Republic of Paraguay and its Government.—l
avail, &c., " JOSE BERGES."
The ministerial crisis terminated on the 14th, a
new cabinet being formed by the Marquis of Olinda,
composed as follows :
President of the Council and Minister of the Em-
pire, Senator Marquis of Olinda ; Justice, Senator
J. T. Nabuco do Araujo ; Finance, Senator J. P.
Dias de Caryalho ; War, A. M. de Silva Ferraz ;
Marine, Deputy J. A. Saraiva ; Commerce and
Agriculture, Deputy A. F. de Paula e Souza;
Foreign Affairs, Deputy F. Octavian de Almeida
Rosa, at present on a special mission at the River
Plate, where he will probably continue till the con-
clusion of the war, the Minister of the Marine taking
in the meantime his portfolio.

GREY HAIR.-248, High Holborn, London.—
ALEX. ROSS'S charges for Dyeing the hair perma-
nently Ladies' Hair from 78. 6d. ; Gentlemen's from 58.
The Dye is sold at 3s. 6d, or sent free for 54 stamps. It is
most easy of use.

HAIR DESTROYER, 248, High Holborn,
London.—ALEX. ROSS'S DEPILATORY removes,
without effect to the skin, superfluous hair from the face,
neck, and arms. 3s. Bd.; sent the same day as ordered by post
for 54 stamps.

SPANISH FLY is the acting ingredient in
ALEX. ROSS'S CANTHARIDES OlL,which t•peedily
produces whiskers and thickens hair. 3s. 6d.; sent free fors4
stamps.—ALEX. ROSS, 248 ,High Holborn, London. Essay
pn Hair, id.

PIMPLE REMOVER. All diseases of the skin
are improved by one dose of ALEX. ROSS'S VEGE-
TABLE SKIN PILL. They remove redness, sallowness
&c. 2s. 9d.; by post for 40 st imps.—ALEX. ROSS, 248, High
Holborn, London.

This Ministry, composed of hard working and
able men, most of whom are well known in Europe,
have been well received by the Chamber, thoughthey
will meet with some opposition from Ottoni's party.
It is asserted on the best authority that Senor
Paula e Souza intends immediately to settle all
pending questions regarding the Bahia and Per-
nambuco railways, and will do the same with the
St. Paul's road, as soon as the company furnish the
necessary data and documents, which as yet are not
forthcoming.

The bill which opens. all Brazilian ports in which
there exist custom-houses to all nations has passed
the second reading in the Chamber of Deputies.
During the discussion the Minister of Marine ex-
pressed the following opinion :—" That the utmost
liberty ought to exist in Mato Grosso ; that neither
custom-houses nor anything else should stand in the
way of foreigners who might wish to reside there, for
in his opinion that province required population."
The bill granting a subsidy of 200 contos of reis
•
a year (about £190,000) to any company or indivi-
dual establishing a line of steamers between Rio and
and New York, making 12 voyages per annum,
has passed the Deputies, and gone to the Senate.
A project for the abolition of slavery was laid be-
fore the Senate by Viscount Jequitinhonha, better
known as Montezuma ; but the present measures
were so violent, and even immoral in some points,
that it fell without discussion, which will, perhaps,
tend to confirm the belief that Brazilians are in gene-
ral opposed to emancipation. This, however, is not
the case, as Brazil is most thoroughly convinced that
slavery is at the root of all the evils which oppress
the country ; but the great problem—how is eman-
cipation to be effected, without ruining the country
—has not yet been solved, although it occupies the
attention of eminent statesmen.

Mr. JONATHAN STURGES then proposed the fol-
lowing resolutions, which were adopted unani-

mousy :
Resolved—That tho thanks of the Union League
Club be tendered to Major-Gen. Sherman, for his noble co-
operation with Lieutenant-General Grant in the campaigns
which resulted in the surrender of all the rebel armies, and
the restoration of peace to our entire country.
Resolved—That the advice of General Sherman to his
soldiers, in his farewell address to them, to go quietly to
their homes, and to shun all those who would induce them
to join in any irregular warfare upon their neighbours,
meets with the hearty approval of this club.

Ministers have asked for 40,000 contos of rein to
meet the expenses of the war.

After the reading and adoption of the above reso.

lutions, those present were introduced, and shook
hands with the General, who frequently recognised
an old friend among those who passed before him. The
crowd outside, who were determined not to be for-
gotten, were so very clamorous for the appearance
of the hero that the calls for " Sherman " became
too vociferous to be ignored. Accordingly, the
General was escorted to the balcony, and bowed his
acknowledgments to the people in the square below.
At first they called for a light and then for a speech,
and in this instance they were gratified by the fol-
lowing laconic address :
I cannot make moonlight stronger than it is, neither do I
wish to exhibit myself by gaslight. (Laughter and cheers.
A lamp was here brought out, which, being held before the
General, showed him plainly to the crowd). I know you
all want to see me. Take a good look now and imagine
the rest. (Cheers.)
He then left the balcony.

The Saintonge brought dates from Buenos Ayres
to the 14th, and from Montevideo to the 15th inst.
The triple alliance treaty had been signed at the
former place on the following basis :
Settlement of the claims of the allies by the Go-
vernment that shall be established in Paraguay.
The fortifications of Ilumaita to be razed.
The navigation of the Parana and Paraguay to be
free.

The police regulations of the Uruguay, Parana,
and Paraguay to be made by the allies in common.
The independence and integrity of Paraguay is
guaranteed by the three Powers, the limits with Bra
zil being those stipulated with that Republic in the
treaty of 1856.
The expenses of the 'afar, as also the injury to public
and privateproperty, and to the persons of Brazilians
before the declaration of war, as well as that done
after the declaration but in violation of the princi-
ples of war, to be paid by Paraguay.
Viscount Tamandare is to command the allied
naval forces.

AIR. SOTIIERN'S " BROTHER SAM," according to a
Saturday Reviewer, eclipses even his wonderful imper-
sonation of Lord Dundreary. The immense success of Mr.
Sothern in the character of Lord Dundreary, says the
critic, has even been exceeded by his representation of the
"Brother Sam" with whom the London public has long
been familiar through the medium of his letter, but whose
personal acquaintacce they did not till very recently enjoy.
The most remarkable circumstance in the delineation of the
new character is this—that while Sam and his brother both
belong to the same genus, which may indifferently be called
"swell" or "exquisite," they are not only distinct from
each other, but diametrically opposite. Dundreary is a
fantastic fool ; Sam, less fantastic, is a consummate heart-
less knave, who cheats his way through the world by dint
of imperturbable coolness and an aristocraticgiggle(wholly
different from the drawl), while his moral obtuseness equals
the intellectual density of his brother. Without his foppish
attributes, Sam would be a mere Jeremy Diddler, devoid
of the animal spirit which obtained popularity for that
primitive scamp. It is from Mr. Sothern's skill in the
execution of details, which, though often extravagant, are
always consistent with one leading idea, that Brother Sam
derives his exceptional popularity. The giggling, intru-
sive, unfeeling fop is at present the chief idol of the play-
going world. It is a singular fact, with respect to the
two famous brothers, that neither of them derives his
idiosyncrasy in any way from the imaginary atmosphere in
which he is placed. When the "American Cousin" was
originally proposed for representation at New York, Lord
Dundreary was considered a personage of minor import-
ance, and even now it may be perceived that the plot of
the drama would be complete without him. If we are
rightly informed, all that makes him such a striking indi-
viduality was superadded by Mr. Sothern in the course of
a long series of representations, till he became the sole
object of interest in a piece in which a merely subordinate
position had been assigned to him. Brother Sam is, in-
deed, essential to the plot of the " comedy" which bears
his name ; but so little has the general intrigue to do with
his foppish peculiarities that, in the German farce from
which the plot is derived, he appears as the very reverse
of an exquisite, being neither more nor less than a wild
artist, with all the attributes commonly associated with
Burschen and Bohemians. Mr. Sothern is, in a certain
sense, rather an author than an actor. Instead of merely
adapting his talents to the creations of others, it would be
nearer the truth to say that he himself creates.

With reference to the command-in-chief of the
allied armies, the treaty adopted the principle that
the general of the nation on whose territory the
operations are carried on shall take command.
General Mitre will take the command of the
Argentine army. General Flores being at present
unable to raise one, will command an army of
Argentines and Brazilians. Brigadier-General
Ozores has been named Commander-in-Chief of the
Brazilian forces, but it is reported that his Royal
Highness Count d'Eu will take the command on his
return from Europe.

The progress of the Brazilian squadron up the
Parana has been much delayed by being obliged to
tow their coal depots, and as the waters are rapidly
falling, navigation at night is impossible, and even
during the daytime one or more vessels are continu-
ally grounding, although they have on board the
is thus occasioned.
bTehs
et pl
ai lnodt
forces,. G r e a
at lossm eun ot
ntgi e
to about 30,000, are
advancing on Corrientes by forced marches ; the
:1 are at San Carlos.
ahrmesiydesin2toh,aotpoto is said to consist of
Lopez has at last shown his cards and confirmed
Ploa,roaog u 0
amYeann,
the belief that he counted on the discontented party
opposed to Mitre in the Argentine Confederation,
especially upon Urquiza, to whom the Minister
Berges has addressed the following letter
Corrientes, April 22, 1865.
" Excellency,—The National Congress of the Re-
public of Paraguay, having declared war against the
Government of General Mitre for the imperious
reasons mentioned in that solemn act, and in the
document that I have the honour of handing your
Excellency, his Excellency the Marshal President of
the Republic has consequently ordered the occupation
of this province. In it the Paraguayan army had met
no enemies to combat, except a small number who,
obedient to their anti-national antecedents, fled with
the ex-Governor Lagrana, and fruitlessly attempted
to produce disturbances in some placesin the country.
" The capital of Corrientes, and the departments
which have already had the opportunity of appre-
ciating the morality and the discipline of our troops,
as well as the eminently' conciliatory policy of my
Government, havepronouncedin favour of the cause
of the equilibrium and the autonomy of the States
of the Plate, and I am confident that this high po-
licy, and the noble and generous conduct of the

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Frightful Colliery Accident. at Tredegar,
Monmouthshire.

TWENTY-SIX KILLED.

TREDEGAR, Saturday Evening.

One of the most lamentable and frightful colliery
explosions that has ever happened in South Wales
occurred at the New Bedwellty pit, the property of
the Tredegar Company, on Friday morning. The
men went down as usual that morning, and every-
thing appeared to go on right and well until about
half-past 10 o'clock, when a sudden rumbling noise
was heard by the men on the top of the pit, and it
was immediately discovered that the gas had fired.
Fortunately the effects of the explosion did not reach
the bottom of the shaft ; and through this rather
fortuitous circumstance no time was lost in examining
the colliery in order to see what were the results of
the explosion.

Mr. Bevan, the manager, the overman, and some
officials were immediately on the spot, several of
them being in the pit at the time of the explosion.
Gangs were immediately formed for the purpose of
exploration, and it was at once discovered that the
gas had fired in what was termed the " back work-
ings." Forty-six men and boys were at work in this
section of the colliery, and by dint of extraordinary
exertion on the part of the exploring parties, under
the guidance of Mr. Bevan, a good many were got
out who would inevitably have fallen a prey to the
fatal choke or after damp had they not been taken
out. The first body was brought up in about three-
quarters of an hour, so it will be at once seen that
no time was lost in examining the workings. As
body after body was landed on the bank the scenes
were heart-rending, for the news having reached
Tredegar, which is about a mile and a half distant,
hundreds were soon gathered around the top of
the pit. Mothers were seen in tears for sons,
husbands, and other relatives, fathers deplor-
ing the loss of sons upon whom intheir old age they
depended in a great measure for support, and 'other
instances might be named the details of which could
not fail to melt the hardest heart. In one case a
father and two sons were killed, in another two
brothers, and in a third a father and son.
Dr. Homfray, the surgeon of the works and his
assistant, Dr. Coats, of Sirhowy, and other medical
gentlemen of the neighbourhood, were at the pit in
a very short time, and rendered every assistance in
their power. Nothing that medical skill could sug-
gest was left undone, and the sufferers who gave
any hope of recovery received the most careful at-
tention. Unfortunately the fatal explosion haddone
its work too well, and there were but few cases where
medical skill was of any avail.
The explosion, as already stated, took place at
about half-past ten o'clock in the morning, and the
whole of the bodies were recovered before dusk.

Mr. Lionel Brough, the Government inspector of
the district, who resides at Clifton, was at once tele-
graphed to, but being from home at the time he
only arrived on Saturday morning, and in company
with Mr. Augustus Homfray and Mr. Bevan, the
manager, lost no time in visiting the colliery, and
they were down for a considerable time. They made
as minute an examination of the workings as was
possible, taking into consideration the state of the
colliery. The result of the Government Inspector's
examination will not, of course, be made known
until the inquest.
Since the awful catastrophe at Risca, when 142

lives were lost by an explosion of gas, there has
been no colliery accident in the county of Monmouth
so fatal in its results as the present. The colliery
is the property of the Tredegar Iron Company, the
partners in which are Messrs. Forman, Fothergill,
and Homfray, and it has recently undergone im-
portant improvements. It is generally believed that
the partners will make the necessary provision for
the maintenance of the bereaved, and consequently
there will be no necessity for a public subscription.