The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-25 00:00:00

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a
Mr. Baxter, M.P. for Montrose, in the course of
a speech delivered at the Grocers' Benevolent Society
in Dundee on Wednesday last, thus adverted to the
American question:—" It is all very well and very,
true to tell us that the question of free trade versus
a high protective tariff is, and has always been, a
bone of contention between the South and the
North. No doubt that and other causes of dif-
ference have helped tobring matters to their present
pass; but slavery is the real culprit, the root
of bitterness which troubles them, the fons et origo
:(Applause.) And I would not have the
people of this country—however exasperated by
the language of New York mobs and their organs ;
however inclined, out of a feeling of natural gene-
rosity, to take the weaker side ; however dissatisfied
with the soldiership of the Federal army, or the
measures of the Federal politiciane—l would not
have them overlook one or two consideraticts
which, amid the exciting incidents of conflict, are
apt to be forgotten. The first—and ever to my
mind the foremost—is that this Southern confede-
racy is the child of treason—that this scheme was
hatched by men who, at the time of doing so, were
holding offices under, and were in the pay of, the
United States Government, and who made use of
their position and influence basely to betray their
trust. There may be a difference of opinion as to
their right to advocate a severance of the union

PRICE..... -..4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

called out if identified; and if not identified they
will be taken on to the schoolroom. A quantity of
disinfectants have been sent from Newcastle to take
into the pit when the yard seam is opened, and
every precaution will be adopted to prevent any
further loss of life. The pitmen are conducting
themselves in a most creditable manner, Some
disturbances was likely to occur yesterday,
the more thoughtless and ardent among them
finding fault with the arrangements adopted by
Mr. Coulson for clearing out the shafts. But when
the steadier and more prudent of them explained
how matters stood they became satisfied. A large
meeting was held among them yesterday upon the
pithead, and two of their number were deputed by
the body to attend the public meeting to be held
today in Newcastle for the purpose of commencing
a fund for the relief of the bereaved. Watson, one
of the three pitmen whose miraculous escape in the
shaft has already been noticed, describes the acci-
dent in the following words :—" The cage, consist-
ing of an upper and lower deck, was being drawn
up at 20 minutes to 11 o'clock on the morning of
Thursday, the 16th inst., with four men on the
upper deck—viz., W. Sharp, Geo. Sharp, sen., Geo.
Sharp, jun., and Ralph Robson, and four on the
lower deck—viz., J. Watson, W. Robinson, W.
Bewick, and W. Brown. They had entered the
cage at the bottom of the shaft, and their ascent was
regular as usual, until they were within a few feet
of the bank. Then they heard a great crash above
them, and before they could conjecture what it was
they felt a heavy substance strike the cage, and the
cage at once descended with great velocity. After
a momentary perception that they were falling down
the shaft, the cage caught the brattice, and was in-
stantaneously crushed with falling timber. The
first blow is supposed to have been given by the
fallen beam, and that shock knocked Geo. Sharp,
the younger, R. Robson, W. Brown, and W. Bewick
out of the cage, and they fell down the pit. As the
cage hung oa the brattice, the four men left on it

CRYSTAL PALACE BIRD SHOW.

To-day an exhibition of canaries and British and
foreign cage birds opens at the Crystal Palace,
and will remain on view till Wednesday next.
The show, if show it may be called, when the en-
tire aggregation of such small deer could be dis-
played with almost better effect in any ordinary sized
room, takes place in the tropical department of the
building, where the little cages are laid out in thin
rows and made to go as far as possible under the cir-
cumstances. There are, in all, 90 classes open to
exhibitors, but several have not been filled, and
many others are only represented by a couple of
little birds, so that, although each warbler is good
of its kind, the collection is, on the whole, about the
smallest that can well be called a "show," or, if a
"show," is ono which any large bird fancier can
almost compete with in his own shop. The canaries
are the strongest point of the little exhibition.
There are a great many varieties of these, from the
lean, high-shouldered, ugly mite known as the
" Belgian Fancy" down to the full-coloured, well-
shaped Norwich buffs, the spangled lizards, and
mealy mules, the favourites of London dealers.
We question, however, if the minute shade of
difference which exists between a " longue
London" and a "mealy London Fancy" are
viewed with deep interest by the public

or are even known to any beyond the dealers them-
selves,and cannot help thinking that just as many
visitors would be drawn to Norwood to-day if the
show was one of white mice or even guinea-pigs.
The tropical department is full of wild singing birds,
and yesterday, daring the private view, when there
was no crowd of visitors to frighten them, every
bird that could sing, either in tree or cage, was tril-
ling away in harmonious rivalry, straining its little
throat to bursting, and making the building echo
again. Such a concert is worth a journey to hear,
though it is not likely it will be heard to-day, as the
crowd of visitors awes them all to silence, and a
singing bird that does not sing is even less interest-
ing than the saucy London sparrows, which chirp
under the very cab wheels. Of the show of English
birds we cannot say much, as it is neither large nor
very varied. There is one cage which contains all
the varieties of the finch family—all except the haw-
finch, a truculent-looking bird with a beak like a
meat axe, and which, having the power and not
lacking the will to split the skulls of all his brother,
finches, is wisely put in a cage by himself. There
are a pair of jackdaws which were taken from a
nest in England, and singularly enough are, though
full grown, of a pale cream colour. These, however,
are all the native notabilities, for we cannot count
among them a few cages of robins, over the fronts of
which, when left alone, it is necessary to drop a

merely because their party, which had been too
long dominant, had been fairly beaten in a con-
tested election ; but there can be none among well-
regulated minds as to their conduct in secretly plot-
ting against the flag under which they served. Then,
don't let us run away with the idea that the South
is more friendly to England than the North. My
personal experience is that the reverse is nearer the
truth. The German and Irish mobs in the North
to gain popu-
sebnleine believe the
t that t the
poli-
population, the
gltuairnereiciiaatutyness
mtacinhoadinsmsa bey looiyntf e
s are
t,the with
beuhttohi snlet
dimlude
stotortoooloo
:tut
native Americans, the men who take too
little part in politics, but who again and
again have saved the commonwealth—cherish any
such sentiments. (Great applause.) On the con-
trary, my firm conviction is that they entertain

began to perceive the reality of their situation.
Above them the shaft was choked with ruins, below
them all was dark, but they heard the sound of
weighty material falling. The first idea of the men
in the cage was to obtain relief from the yard seam,
and Watson, who was uninjured, volunteered to
slide down the rape ropes to that place, both the
Sharps being much injured in the head and body,
and Robinson slightly hurt. Watson slid down
accordingly, and soon found his progress stopped
by obstructions that have since caused so much
trouble. There he found the bruised and wounded
bodies of the poor fellows who had fallen, and from
whom the breath of life was fast ebbing. George
Sharp, the younger, was a member of the Society
of Primitive Methodists, to which body Watson
also belonged. The two joined in prayer, and
while imploring His mercy upon their souls Sharp,
Bewick, and Brown yielded up their breath to the
God who gave it. Watson now found his own situa-
tion to be one of difficulty and danger. It was
impossible for him to reascend to the suspended
cage by means of the rope, and he therefore at-
tempted to climb up by the pumps but his efforts
were unsuccessful. He engaged in prayer, as did
also those in the cage above, and in this way the
time passed until they were relieved. The first
signs of assistance were the sounds of hammering
above the obstructing material. In response Watson
and his comrades shouted as loudly as they could,
and they had the satisfaction of hearing faintly the
sound of human voices in reply. At length a ray
of light appeared in the obstacle above, and even-
tually a rope was lowered to the men in the cage. G.
Sharp was the first put in the sling, but as he was
being drawn up he fell out, and the next instant he
was a mangled corpse, lying at the side of Watson,
who only noticed him breathe twice after he fell.
The other men were drawn up in safety, but Wat-
son still remained among the dead men below. A
rope was then lowered to him, and he began to ascend.
But his dangers were not past. He had been exposed
to a heavy fall of water, and while he stood pieces Of
the ruins fell at intervals around them, but happily
not on him. After he was drawn up two fathoms
another shower of stones fell around, but happily
missed Watson. He then reached the cage, and after
getting through that was safely drawn to bank.
While in their perilous position the men were only
able to make conjectures as to the cause of the accident,
and those are somewhat interesting, as affording
ground for believing that those immured in the seam
would be likely to entertain similar opinions as to the
nature of the accident. Watson and his comrades be-

little screen, lest the wild robins in the Palace should
come down and fight them to the death. Among the
foreign birds are one or two fine specimens of par-
rots, lories;coekatoos, mackaws, and paroquets, none
of which, however, seem sufficiently impressed by
the situation to abate one jot of their usual loquacity
and noisiness. For this exhibition about £7O is to be
awarded in prizes of from £3 to 10s. among the vari-
ous competitors. When these and other charges con-
sequent upon the show have been defrayed, we much
question if the company do not find themselves losers
by the transaction. A canary show of little more
than a hundred birds will not draw down the gene-
ral public in crowds to Norwood. Even poultry shows
do not pay unless in connexion with cattle or dog
shows. The latter have been quite new experiments
in the way of exhibitions, yet the interest which the
public feel in them has been proved by the most
severe of all tests—that of financial success. The
dog shows at Leeds and Birmingham last year paid
largely, though many of the most valuable dogs
were withheld from the provincial exhibitions, be-
cause their owners, not having time to go down and
see that they were properly cared for, were not wil-
ling to trust them. A well-planned and well-ma-
naged dog •show at the Cr) stal Palace would now
pay the company, for to such an exhibition gentle-
men would send send their best bred bounds, setters,
spaniels, bloodhounds, mastiffs, &c. Abroad English
dogs have as high a name, and command as high a
price as English horses, yet some of our most valued
breeds have become totally extinct, and others, not
less valuable, are fast becoming so. A dog exhibition
at the Crystal Palace will not entirely correct these
losses, we quite know, but as it is evident the
Company are at their wit's end for shows, when they
hope to draw with "London jonques" and " mealy
mules," we cannot help diverting their attention to
the example which the provinces have set them in
this respect, where even the most crude and hur-
riedly formed dog shows have cleared immense pro-
fits—profits which would cover ten times over the
amount spent to secure the poor display of larks
and canaries at Norwood.

towards us the same feeling of amity which we
entertain towards them, mixed, perhaps, with a
little less consideration for our feelings, but a little
more respect for our character. In ordinary times
these people are too busy to attend to public affairs
—in times of danger, last month, for example, their

influence has never been wanting. I should like to
know who are the representatives of this class down
South. It may suit the purpose of the Confederates
to use honeyed phrases for the present. Tell me,
do you think that there are many in the Congress
of slaveowners who do not hate in their hearts that
England whose name is a pleasant sound to the
black man all over the world ? Tremendous ap-
plause.) Besides, lam not sure that there exist ill
the South the elements which go to form a nation;
I know not which of the peculiar customs, either of
life in the drawing rooms of New Orleans or life on

the plantations of Carolina, deserve a particle of our
sympathy. Has not slavery blighted society in all
these States, stunted the intellectual growth, and
debased the nature of the white man, whilst it bruta-
lises the negro? There are sights and sounds there
to be seen and heard which I cannot think of still—
though it is several years since I was in these States
—without a shudder; and sorry indeed should I be
were Great Britain to step one foot out of her way to
assist, or prematurely to recognise, such a confede-
racy. It is reported that pressure is being brought
to bear upon us by France to resist the blockade of
the Southern ports, on the ground that it is ineffec-
tive. But are we to jump to the conclusion that,
because some vessels have run it, it should not be
recognised ? Have not all blockades been occa-
sionally run by daring skippers ? The question is
whether this blockade is as complete, or nearly c),
as is usually the case; and I submit that there is no
evidence to the contrary. Then, with regard to
forcing a supply of cotton, surely for us to advocate
the opening of Charleston or Savannah for this pur-
pose would be very short-sighted policy. If we aro
ever to be independent of these States, now is the
time for us to try the experiment ; and better for us

lieved that the main engine•work must have fallen,
but the thought of the beam having broken never
occurred to them at all. They believed, also, that
the pump spears had fallen and the shaft was
closing in. They were of course aware of the
dreadful position of the men in the workings of the
pit, and must have been fearfully impressed with
the terrible nature of the catastrophe, as they hung,
as it were, between life and death.

THAMES PURIFICATION AND THE

At two o'clock this afternoon the whole of the
ruins had fallen below the yard seam and cleared
the shaft. When the rubbish fell there was a sud-
den discharge of gas, which drove the men to bank
and filled the shaft 34 fathoms upwards from the
yard seam. At this time Mr. Coulson suspended
operations for half an hour in order to clear it away,
at the expiration of which time he went down
and opened a
,door between the staple and the
shaft in the high main leading to the return
over furnace. Ho subsequently went down to
the yard seam to see the state of the shaft,
and, the rubbish being all gone, found it compara-
tively safe. Workmen have now commenced to
carry the brattice down to the yard seam to cause
ventilation over the bodies.

SALMON FISHERIES.

A meeting held at Newcastle to-day to consider
what should be done to raise a fund for the perma-
nent relief of the bereaved has been very successful,
The Mayor presided, and among the speakers were
Sirthe
Matthewßishop o f
White Durham, d
Ridley,
Earlm.p of. IT) uhre
h am' an
Earl of
Durham was very msch affected. It was ascertained
that at least £17,000 would be needed for the d
per-
manent relief of the widows, orphans, and other
sufferers. Her Majesty has sent £2OO. The Duke
of Northumberland subscribed £3OO ; the Earl of
Durham, £200; Sir Matthew White Ridley, £100;
Bell Brothers, 100 guineas ; Elswick Ordnance
Company, £100; and Sir Wm. G, Armstrong, 50
guineas. It was stated at the meeting that the
London Stock Exchange had subscribed £5OO.
Before the proceedings had concluded the subscrip-

tions from all sources amounted to the noble sum
of £4,000.

The Duke of Northumberland has offered a piece
of land at Earsdon for the interment of the dead.

There are hopes that some of the dead bodies will
be got to bank to-night--certainly by to-morrow;
but Mr. Coulson is extremely careful in having the
bratticing complete, so that when the men go into
the workings to send up the dead they may take
good air with them.
The coffins have nearly all arrived from the neigh-
bouring colleries.
There have been but few people out here to day,
and scarcely any pitmen.

RAPID PROGRESS OF THE LONDON, CHATHAM,
AND DOVER RAILWAY.—OR all the lines of communion-

tion hAween this railway and the metropolis the promoters
of the line are making rapid progress. This is more parti-
cularly the case on that part which is in connection with
the intended terminus on the site of St. Thomas's Hospital,
and that near Blacktriars-bridge. In each of these direc-
tions during the last week a largo number of houses (above
50) have been sold and are now in course of being cleared
away. These premises are situated in the Borough, Union-
street, and the neighbourhood of the Borough-market. This
day, for the purpose of constructing the line to the Black-
friars-road, Messrs. Pullen, Horne, and Co., by instructions
from the directors, will sell above 30 houses in the Wal-
worth•road and the streets adjoining, viz., Amelia-street,
West-street, Hanover-street, &c. In a short time the direc-
tors will be prepared to put up to auction the extensive
structure and promisee of St, Thomas's hospital.

It appears probable that, before another session
of Parliament elapses, the necessary powers will be
applied for and granted to a company for the pur-
pose of utilising the sewage of the Thames, and
fertilising the adjacent land therewith. That the
scheme will have our very best wishes for its suc-
cess we need hardly say. We can see no reason
why it should not be successful. Even if it were
not successful in a pecuniary point of view, as a
question of public utility it might be fairly entitled
to some support from the Government, if such were
required, which, however, we do not at all antici-
pate. Here, then, at length, would be the extra-
neous support which our salmon fry require. Let
us get rid of the mass of sewage, and salmon will
n tr i
ees t-
soon again abound in our river. To Londoners
the river is nothing—is not to be
noignafegn
anreeerdsat. ol lcyk considerationx
of young salmon into the river, and the river
might be thoroughly stocked from end to end for
£lOO, so there is no difficulty in that direction.
Now, this is not a small question, nor one likely to
be passed by, though at a cursory glance it may
is
X5O would
well
would put hundreds of thousands as
m anglers,
this
everyway. is a
The very
difficulty
seem so. What does the reader imagine might be
the money value of the Thames salmon ? Taking
a fair calculation from other rivers, and looking at
the number and extent of its tributaries and their
capabilities for spawning, Bz.c., under reasonably
fair and favourable management, we might at a
rough estimate consider the money-value of salmon
in the Thames as equal to about £50,000 per annum.
The market being on the spot, and no cost of car-
riage incurred, we probably considerably under
rather than over estimate it. £50,000 a-year re-
presents a capital of about a million and a half ster-
ling created to the country out of nothing. Great
has been the cry of late years as to the dearness of
salmon in the London market, but we calculate that
an increased supply of £50,000 worth of salmon at
of pubthefishlessdifficulttocome
anglerswaterthethe
thought
a tadvantage
i nacommercial
lie, on which not .a net is allowed, Do not the
angler's
t h
r
' s nerves con-
test with a 20 or 30 pounder in the white foaming
waters of Teddington or Sunbury weirs? Yet, if
the scheme above propounded be carried into effect,
we venture to predicate that such things shall be ;
ay, and many more as bright and curious, hiddeny, abased,
and the sewage of ignorance and our filthy,
and ruinous habits of waste and pollution.—Field.
fishing

It may be remembered that the Second Chamber
of the Austrian Reichsrath was prorogued to the 4th of
February. The rumour of a further prorogation his given
rise to apprehensions which have found utterance in the
Ost-Deutsche Mat. To put an end to all uneasiness on this
head, the Government has announced that the Reichsrath
will resume its sittings at the time originally fixed.

to be a little short of our great staplofor six months
longer, that its growth in India, Africa, and the
West Indies may be encouraged, and so, at a little
temporary inconvenience, the cotton manufacture
benefitted in all time coming, whilst a blow is dealt
at American slavery which it never can recover.
The only other matter to which I shall refer is that
strange announcement in the Observer newspaper,
that England and France, acting on the precedent
of Greece, are about to interpose for the pacification
of America. It cannot be that a statement so ill-

timed—not to say offensive in its terms—has the
sanction of her Majesty's Government. We are
always too apt to intermeddle in the concerns of
foreign nations. At present, in all conscience, we
have enough business of this sort on our hands al-
ready. It will be time enough for us to step in be-
tween the two contending armies on the Potomac
when asked to do so by the parties themselves, and I
hope that our rulers know too well the sentiments
of the middle classes of this country, and their re-
presentatives in the House of Commons, to embark
in a policy which can only end in embarrassment
and humiliation. (Applause.) Ido not venture to
touch upon topics so delicate and difficult as the
probable termination and result of the civil war,

the effect of the financial difficulties in the North
upon the contest, and the present remarkable atti-
tude of political parties at Washington ; but I
should be ashamed of myself were I either to feel
or express any satisfaction at the probable disrup-
tbmiuoatnn
fvoortfhe anugsresespttuoobt
alaildcl
ymi
inrewahsic
tho
unconnectedt
cheenrwse atrhre t
haanet
dwleasti
icnhass,
of free institutions, might have gone on prospering
for a great while to come. (Applause.) Ladies
and gentlemen, I owe you an apology for occupying
so much of your time with this political talk; but
" out of the fulness of the heart the mouth speaketh,"
and surely it is not unprofitable for us, met to pro-
mote a work of quiet beneficence, to think for a
moment on the condition of our brethren less
happily circumstanced in Europe and America, and
to wish them out of all their troubles a happy
issue. (Great applause.)