The Sun.
London, England, 1853-10-05 00:00:00

TEE CHOLERA.

(From, the General Board of Health, Whiteh,all.)
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
Deaths on the 3d of October :

Cholera ...
Diarrheas..

19
2

T. he total number of deaths from cholera and diarrhcea
in 2iewcastle during the present outbreak has been
1,41. In the same period (viz., the first 33 days)
during the prevalence of epidemic cholera there in
1831-'2 the number of deaths was 239.
HEXHAM.
Deaths on the 3d of October :
Cholera

ANNANDALE, N.B.
Died on the 2d of October :

Cholera

STOCKTON.
Died on the 3d of October :

Cholera

SOUTH SHIELDS.
Died on the 2d of October :

Cholera
The total number of deaths from cholera in South
Shields to the 2d inst. has been 35.

GATESHEAD.
Deaths on the 3d of October :

Cholera .
Diarrhoea

The total number of deaths from cholera and diarrhoea
in Gateshead to the present date has beeu 394. During
the like period (viz., the first 27 days) in 1831-2, the
deaths amounted to 139.

(Front the London, Gazette of last night.)
BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, OCT. 3.
The Right Hon. the Lords of the Committee of the
Privy Council for Trade and Plantations, with a view of
p:eventing the spread of Cholera on board merchant ship-
pifig, have caused to be issued and circulated the following
instructions and notice for the information and warning
of mariners and shipowners :

CHOLERA.
Instructions to Captains of Ships, prepared by the
General Board of Health.
Captains of Ships are heroby warned-
1. What to avoid.

Overcrowding—The amount of breathing space for the
mon which may suffice in ordinary times is insufficient in
an epidemic season.. Increase space as much as practicable,
Permit no sails, large trunks, or any part of the cargo to
occupy the forecastle. If sufficient additional space can-
not be otherwise obtained, erect a temporary tent on deck
by awning, sails, &c., for the men at night, taking care that
they sleep warm and dry. Ventilate the forecastle and
every part of the ship with fresh air as freely as possible.
Pure air is the first essential requisite to safety.
Dampness —To lessen the danger from dampness let the
boards be dry-rubbed. Let the men change their wet
clothes whenever practicable, and never allow the wet
clothes to remain below an instant. A thick flannel belt
or bandage around the stomach or loins would be a great
defence for sailors. Flannels or Guernsey frocks should be
worn next the skin. Sudden and violent attacks of cholera
often follow a chill.
Filth--Let every part of the ship be kept as clean and
sweet as possible, and enjoin personal cleanliness on the
men. Vessels affected by bilge water should be pumped
out frequently, especially steamers.
Unwholesome Food.—Articles of food which may be
taken with little inconvenience in ordinary times may be
dangerous in an epidemic season. The best articles of
food are meat, good biscuits, rice, oatmeal, and good pota-
toes. Solid food is better than fluids, and therefore at
this time it would be advisable to give the crew beef and
mutton instead of soup. Care should be taken to avoid
all tainted meat and decayed vegetables. Special atten-
tionpaid to having a supply of pure water. All
river s should b
water
neear towns should be avoided.
Excess.—Great moderation in food and drink is abso-
lutely essential to safety. A single act of indiscretion has
been followed by a severe attack ; intemperance at such a
time is fraught with extreme danger. An epidemic at-
mosphere commonly produces great depression, both of
body and mind, and a desire for stimulants. If for the
relief of this feeling recourse be had to gin or brandy, the
result may be fatal.
Purgative Medicines.—No purgative medicines of any
kind should be taken at this season—unless under medical
direction. Glauber's Salts and Epsom Salts are especially
dangerous. Owners and masters should provide themselves
with the necessary medicines immediately.
IL What to do.

Cholera is commonly not so sudden in its attack as is
supposed. It usually gives warning of its approach for
some hours, and often for a day or two, by some degree of
looseness about the bowels. This may be slight, and it is
almost always without pain ; but let no one be put off his
guard by this circumstance. The master should, by obser.
vation and inquiry, take notice of the health of the crew ;
and for his guidance, until such time as he may be able to
obtain medical assistance, the following recommendations
are subjoined :

If any man should be attacked with any degree of loose-
ness of the bowels the following medicine should be given
to him at once : 15 or 20 grains of opiate confection, mixed
with two table spoonful of peppermint water, or with a
little weak brandy and water warm. This should be re-
peated every three or four hours, or oftener if the attack
is severe. If this medicine is not at hand, eight or ten
drops of laudanum may be substituted for the opiate con-
fection.

If the purging is severe, and especially if attended with
vomiting or coldness, the man should go to bed immedi-
ately, and be kept warm. Bottles of hot water, or bags
filled with salt or bran, should be applied to the stomach
and feet, and along the spine.
A large poultice of mustard and vinegar should be put
over the stomach, and kept on 15 or 20 minutes. The
above medicines should be continued every hour, or every
two or three hours, according to the emergency of the case,
until a doctor can be got. Rest and warmth in bed are
essential until medical assistance arrives; but not a moment
should be lost in seeking medical aid.

NOTICE TO MASTERS AND OWNERS OF SHIPS PREPARED
AND ISSUED BY THE BOARD OF HEALTH.

The approach of cholera having rendered it necessary to
take all possible precautions, and experience having shown
that the disease spreads rapidly and fatally wherever there
is overcrowding, dirt, and want of ventilation, the atten-
tion of masters and owners of ships is especially called to
the following sections of the Mercantile Marine Act :
Section 63. " Every place in any ship occupied by sea-
men or apprentices, and appropriated to their use, shall
have a space of not less than nine superficial feet for every
adult, measured on the deck or floor of such place,. which
shall be kept free from stores or goods of any kind not
being their personal property in use during the voyage ;
and every such place shall be securely and properly con-
structed, and well ventilated."
Section 69. " If any place in any ship occupied by sea-
men or apprentices, and appropriated to their use, is not in
the whole sufficiently large to give such space as herein-
before required, or if any such place is not securely and
properly constructed and well ventilated, the owner shall
for every such offence be liable to alpenalty not exceeding
twenty pounds ; and if any such space as aforesaid is not
kept free from goods and stores as aforesaid, the Master
shall for every such offence be liable to a penalty not ex-
ceeding ten pounds."
Masters and Owners of Ships are hereby warned that the
Board of Trade will, if occasion shall arise, take measures
to enforce the abovo enactments, by inspection, and, if ne-
cessary by legal proceeedings.

By order of the Board,
F. W. BEECHEY.
W. H.WALKER."

T. H. Farrar, Secretary.

A fatal case occurred in Blandford-street, Marylebone,
on the 2d inst. The patient, a young man, had been
for some days previously taking, most imprudently,
seidlitz powders. Several inmates of the house are
affected with diarrhoea. In the rear are some most of-
fensive impurities, which have been long neglected.
Another fatal case occurred on the same day in York-
court, Baker-street, Marylebone. This day (Tuesday) a
fatal case of cholera occurred at 52, Park-street, Gros-
venor-squan, in the person of the wife of a relieving
officer of St. Marylebone parish. Death occurred 25
hours after attack.
Between the 23d and the 27th ult. as many as seven
cases were seen by one of the resident medical men in
Bermondsey ; four proved fatal. In the majority there
had been neglected diarrhoea. A fresh case occurred
yesterday morning in the same gentleman's practice.
He attributes this attack to the horrible effluvia from a
foul ditch which had been stirred up the day before, the
black mud being left exposed on its banks.
There was a fatal case in Deptford on the 30th ult.
Diarrhoea had been for five days neglected ; the duration
place in 1849. A severe case of
of the cholera symptoms was about 24 hours. The case
occurred in Creek-street, a very filthy locality, where
csehrieraraliededaitahrrs
diarrhoea
has also occurred in Somers-street,
another filthy spot. The patient has recovered.
Dr. Milroy (Medical Superintending Inspector of the
General Board of Health), accompanied by Mr. Hall, of
pting
the Poor-law Board, had a conference to-day (Tuesday)
with the local authorities of Lambeth, and pressed upon
the measures requisite
public health in that parish,
ftohre them
the
the p importanceretec
tion of theof adopting
which it is well known-abounds i
lific causes of disease. n many parts with pro-

TYNRMOUTH DISTRICT.
Oct. 3.—This district covers a considerable area of the
south-east division of Northumberland, and contains a
population of about 66,000 persons. It joins Newcastle
at Walker, and
goes as far north as Blyth. There has
been a considerable amount of cholera in several of the
villages of the union, the most fatal cases being in How-
don, a lar
ge village on the banks of the Tyne, at present
unfortunately with a considerable increase to its popu-
lation, by a number of navvies finding employment in
excavating the new Hayhole Dock. By some oversight
the registrar has not received an official return from that
village, but the deaths have either been fifteen or sixteen,
and there is still a good deal of sickness. Tynemouth
township has a population of 16,699 persons; North
Shields, 13,825. During the quarter ending September
30, 1849 (the cholera year), there were 210 deaths in
Tynemouth ; the corresponding quarter of this year, the
ordinary mortality has been 66 deaths. In North
Shields in 1849, 359 deaths ; the corresponding quarter
of this year, 74 deaths.