The Sun.
London, England, 1862-04-08 00:00:00

FOREIGN MAIL PACKET LIST.

MAILS DUE.
April 12.
via Marseilles
April 6.
.Brazil and Cape Verds, by British p 91.
ac'l/4.ti.elena May :3.
AuKralia and Mauritius, via Southampton. April 18.
Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St.
via Marsei es April
11 April 12.
April G•
.........
China, Penang, and Singapore, via h.
Falkland Islands ton —.
April '•
Gibraltar, via Southampton .
via Marseilles April 12.
India (Calcutta), and
Marseilles
. p.t.o.n AAp.prriill
12.
Southampton April 10.
India (Bombay), via
...................... April 11.
Lisbon ............
cion...,
via Southampton •
...... April 4.
Egypt, and A
Malta,
Ceylon,
'a S)
.............. April 16.
Newfoundland .........
'go ........ .............. April 11.
Oporto and VI. Ceyoan
h N. America, by 13rit. packet....- April 10.
U. S. and British
133' U.S. packet..••
by Canadian
packet. April 9.
frier, Madeira, end Teneride
W.C. of A ..!_
Di ew York . .......... April 10.
Bahamas, via
..................... April 10.
Mexico west 1
4. .. .. ................. ...April 28.
Al
11:18 at. n les, Including Chili, Peru 1
California, and British Columbia. ' April 14.

-----
EXPORTS OF SALMON.—It appears from a Parlia-
mentary return which was issued yesterday that the value
of salmon (of British taking) exported from the United
Kingdom, in 1859, was £18,620 ; in 1860, £22,397 ; and in
1861, £23,536. Of the export of salmon preserved in tins
or otherwise no return can be furnished.
Peter Basquet, the Indian chief, accompanied by
Captain Ackerley, attended yesterday at the Marylebone
Police-court, before Mr. Tyrwhitt, to make an -application
to his worship. Peter Basquet (who was said by the capo-
tain to have been employed by the andGovernment,eto
have some claim against it, in connection with the
1_ _.Ash-
burton Treaty, in 1842, and an Extradition Act if
anB43)
Act
said he came to make a claim under four section.soneo
of the
of Parliament (the 4th, sth, 24th, and 74th
sections
been here
24th and 25th Victoria). Mr. Tyrwhitt—
hitt, and
was, and handed the Act to Mr. Tyrwhitt, and
Peter Bas-
in) to speak for him.
rwhitt—lt is against tht,---r. Trwhitt—l can only
qbnefeetrsaie.
dYhoeu a refrom Newfoundland, I beYlieuvTe P .P
said he wished the gentleman (the capeta
rni • Captain .Ackerley
—He cannot speak English.,3 advisedly, hear him, or, and I speak auvi-ans.
Mr. T
through a solicitor,
Captain A.,ckerley—
(to the captain) a72,,,,.°ath tee,—Mr. Tyr Whitt de-
cliningnd yoll
m a solicitor and a
f :6-th-er, the captain and. his Corn
to hear anything,
panion withdrew.

ZE NORTIZE.RN STAT.ES OF AMERICA.

(From the Correspondent of the Times,)
NEW YORK, MARCH 26.

The chiefs and leaders in any rebellion against
constituted authority can urge no valid plea against
the justice of the maxim which declares that" Might
makes Right." By the very fact of their rebellion
they try an issue of which Might can be the only
arbiter, and they must abide the result. That which
was treason in Louis Nape/!eon Bonaparte at Stras-
burg and Boulogne ceased to be treason when the
:bold adventurer vaulted into the vacant throne of a
King, and kept possession as an Emperor. Even
the great and pureminded Washington was no
better than a rebel till success covered his name
with imperishable glory, Tried by this test, what
is the present position of Mr. Jefferson Davis and
t'ae Southern Conkderacy ? Is Mr. Davis a rebel
or a patriot ? And is the Confederacy of which he
3s the leading spirit a conspiracy or a nationality P
Events are rapidly deciding the question. A month
ago, whatever may have been the case in this
coueary, the baler ce of opinion in England and
the:oughout Europe, incline'., in favour o;
Southern independence. But three weeks
have wrought a mighty change in the for-
tunes of the Republic. Victory, that for a while
hovered fitfully over the new flag, appears to have
settle,d upon the old. The Confederate armies have
suffered such a rapid succession of reverses and de-
intsts as to convince not only the waverers, who
always go with the winning side, but some of the
most ardent and hopeful friends of the South, that
the cause is all but lost. The Confederate
States had one great opportunity after the battle of
Bull Run,* but they failed to take advantage of it.
On the morrow of the panic that beset the undisci-
plined volunteers of the North the Southern corn-
anders might easily have crossed the Potomac
-and seized the capital. Fortune never again put
such a prize within their reach ; and during the
many months that have ensued they have been so
confident of victory without doing anything to de-
serve it, that they have wasted their strength by
inaction, and slept while their enemy waited and
-watched, prepared and organized. The victories of
Fort, Donnelson, Newbern, Beaufort, New Madrid,
rand Pea Ridge, as well as the bloodless triumphs of
Florida, have changed the aspect of the war, and
driven Secession into a corner. The Southern
leaders will probably make a stand before Rich-
mond, to await the onslaught of M'Clellan ; but,
More probably, will retire into the Gulf States,
'where, in the approaching summer, if the war last
so long, the armies of the North will hesitate to
follow them. In the meantime, Mr. Jefferson
Davis and his Government appear to lose heart,
while the press and people, with the ill-feeling that
in every enterprise grows with the want of success,
are quarrelling with their leaders and with one an-
other, and weakening still further by their dissen-
-sions a cause which chiefly relied on the enthusiastic
unity and determination of all classes.
The battle of Pea Ridge or Sugar Creek, of -which
the principal details were forwarded by the last
mail, appears to have been one of the most obstinate
of the war; and, with the single exception of the
employment by the Confederates of a large body of
scalping and tomahawking Indians, under the com-
mand of Colonel Albert Pike, reflected credit on the
bravery of both sides. The Southern journals have
discovered that Pike is not one of their people, but
a Northern man, from Massachusetts, though they
have not yet made any indignant comment on the
policy of accepting the aid of such bloodthirsty
savages as h.-a commanded, but was either unable or
'unwilling to control. Daring the War of Indepen-
dence 'nothing so greatly exasperated the American
pereple or brought so much odium on the British
Government as the employment of the Indians
against the colonists, as every schoolboy in England
'knows who has read Lord Chatham's eloquent de-
nunciations. In this country the "remorseless
cruelty" of Great Britain on that occasion is perpe-
tuated in school-books and popular harangues, and
greatly tends to this day to embitter the intercourse
between the nations. The Southern leader, if he
be wise, will promptly disavow the acts of Colonel
Pike, and disband every Indian corps in his service,
unless the scalpers can be brought under proper
control, and taught to fight like disciplined soldiers.
The latest victories that have rejoiced the
heart of the North are those gained under Gene-
ral Shields, at Winchester, and the abandonment
and destruction by the Secessionists of Fort Macon,
rendered untenable in consequence of the Federal
success under General Burnside at Newbern and
Beaufort. General Shields, a native of the north of
Ireland, who acquired distinction in the Mexican
war, has been but recently appointed to a command
in succession to the late General Landor. He had
scarcely taken the field when he met and defeated
a wing of the retreating army of Manassas, under
General Jackson, and forced it back in utter route
and confusion upon the town of Strasburg, whither
they have been hotly pursued, and again routed,
by General N. P. Banks, a civilian commander, for-
merly Speaker of the House of Representatives, and

overnor of Massachusetts, who has now fleshed
his maiden sword, and begun to justify the high
expectations which his friends and tha whole coun-
try had formed of bis ability. The latest telegrams
of this morning lead to the belief that the Confe-
derates have rallied five miles beyond Strasburg to
offer battle to the combined forces of Generals
Shields and Banks. If so their previous rout was
Dot so complete as has been represented.
After the capture of Nowbern, as a glance at the
map will show, it was clearly impossible for the
Confederates to hold either Beaufort or Macon. Im-
mediately General Burnside had taken the former
place he despatched an expedition to Beaufort,
*which on its arrival found the town evacuated.
Macon, a strong fort, and one of the principal ar-
senals of the United States, was capable of resisting
almost any naval forco that could be brought
against it ; but, taken in the rear by the advancing
army of Gen. Burnside, it necessarily shared the
fate of Beaufort. Its defenders did not stop to capi-
tulate, but blew up the fort, and destroyed all its
atores and ammunition. The famous steamer Nash-
Tine; so familiar to the people of Southampton, had
taken refuge under its guns, after a successful run
across the Atlantic early in February, when warned
away by the British Government, and Capt. Pegrim
to prevent its falling into the hands of the enemy,
set the vessel on fire. The Tuscarora, if still afloat,
will therefore have to confine her polite attentions
to the Sumter, unless Capt. Pegrim finds another
and more powerful ship at Mobile or New Orleans
in which to undertake a new cruise to European
waters in search of his old enemy.

There has been much premature rejoicing over
the alleged
to
oapture of Mr. Yancey, a gentleman who
iceosd.eeolnaraend:i
the Rebellion
more responsible for the Sc.
el,;, 1
and
Possession
e than Mr. Jeff. Davis him.
as m ssessien of whose person was looked upon
thanArasane__._
ra set-off for the enforced release of
caughaist dell ; but Mr. Yancey has not been
lecturing
gecatrrived safely at New Orleans, where
he has been
against the Government of
Great Britain t,u, itsviselfishness or folly in not lend-
ing the South a
hand. Alas, poor England !
it cannot please either
nrig
declared,'byrt Desirous only of doing
right, it is
exeits.h.of them to be in the
wrong, and might well
your houf;es," if it were diplomatic
A plague on both
to speak the whole truth vital:llcm" parliamentary
in the Miesisstet,:i_P:carswhichthe Americans,
the
island No. 10,
name is another specimen of
ingenuity and- imagination which
both of the North and the South, display imaericans,
menclatnre of places, in addition to that afforded
no-
" Pea Ridge," " Sugar Creek," " Bull Run," ~ -4117
Bluff," and others made memorable in the war.:
will hereafter shed historical interest upon the
dreary shores of the " Father of Waters."' The
island has been v,ry strongly fortified by the Confe-
derates, and has for neatly a fortnight opposed a
stubborn resistance to. the Federal forces, which
have laid regulsr siege to it by land and water.
Last week it was reported and believed in New York
that it had been captured, with all its stores, am-
munition, and men: but Commodore Foote, the Fe-
aal commander, a very bluff and outspoken New
l' tlander, has written to Washington to say that,
althouglthe finds •
it " a very hard nut to crack," he
expects to era,' it , •
it in short metre." The phrase

* Notiintra itun, as printed in England.

savours strongly of Puritanism and the conventicle
but is well understood in New England. For the'
present all the interest that would otherwise be ex-
cited by the forward msreh of the army of the Po-
tomac is concentrated upon " No. 10." The words
are in everybody's mouth, and the fi: t impulse of
every one in reading the telegrams that are posted
in public places, or printed iu the newspapers, is to
ascertain whether it has yet fallen. Since Thursday
last its capture has been hourly expected, but it
still holds bravely out, though so strongly belea-
guered as to make its destruction or surrender a
matter of certainty, unless it be relieved by a supe-
rior force, of which there appears to be no pro-
bability.

If the Confederate States be compelled, either
temporarily or permanently, to return to the Union
which they abhor, they will have to blame their un-
wise expectation of assistance from Great Britain
and France even more than the victorious armies
of the North. The ruin of the South has been its
too confident reliance upon the efficacy of
" almighty cotton." to relieve it of all diffieulty. It
expected England to be so dependent upon cotton
as to be coerced into a recognition of Southern
independent:;, rather than forego a supply of the
all-important article; and so strongly was the
Southern mind impregnated and permeated by this
hallucination that it neglected to take ordinary
measures of precaution and safety, waiting for
extraneous help that did not come. At the com-
mencement of the struggle the South had every-
thing in its favour—the habit of authority, the
choice of time, a foregone conclusion cunningly pre-
pared and planned, the best officers in the United
States army and navy, the sympathy of the great
Democratic party in the North as well as in the
South, the fear and hatred inspired by the ultra-
Abolitionists, the treachery of men in high places,
and the aid, concurrence, and co-operation of what
was called the best society, and especially of the
ladies ; while the North was not only unprepared to '
! resist so formidable a movement, but incredulous
that the South was in earnest In the attempt to dis-
solve the Union—without an army, without a gene-
ral, without a plan, and without money. But, after
it recovered from the first stunning sensation and
surprise of the blows that were struck at Fort
Sumter and Bull Run, it discovered that it had a
strong purpose, large credit, and the passionate en-
thusiasm of the Northern and Western people.
With these levers it has since wrought wonders. It
has relied on no one but itself, has put forth all
its available strength, and is now in a position in
which its retention of the whole of the Border States
may already be considered as a fait accompli, and
its subjugation or conciliation of the cotton States a
question of expediency.

The President, whom the responsibility of power
has converted into a very cautious Conservative,
seems to feel that the total discomfiture of the
South, by making it de facto a conquered country,
would be as fatal to the unity of the American Re-
public as the success of the Southern Confederacy,
and is said to be only waiting for a grand victory
by M'Clellan to hold out the olive branch to
the South, and entice back to the fold of the
Union the wandering sheep of the cotton regions.
If this be so, what is to become of the Republican
party ? And, more important still, what is to be-
come of Negro Slavery ? To hang the rebels is not
to be thought of, To attempt to wheedle back the
Seceded States,without offering them some guarantee
for the existence of their " peculiar institution,"
would be utterly hopeless ; so that, if the Union be
restored as a consequence of the present position of ,
military affairs, Negro Slavery must not only be ac-
knowledged as a constitutional right of the cotton
States, but must be fenced round with guarantees
and bulwarks, and solemnly recognised as one of
the bonds of the American Union. Is this what the
North is fighting for ? Perhaps; and one section
of the North—the Democratic party—is candid
enough to say so. The Democrats, as distinguished
from the Republicans, have no affection for the
Negro or his cause, and detest a Northern Aboli-
tionist far more cordially than they do a Southern
Secessionist, as may be seen by the treatment
experienced by Mr. Wendell Philipps, who has been
pelted with rotten eggs and atones at Cincinnati,
and barely escaped with his life from the indigna-
tion of the free people of that non-slaveholding city.
The truth is that slavery in America is not looked
upon with disfavour except by a small minority of
able and earnest men. It has not anywhere been
abolished from motives of pure philanthropy. In
the cold North the institution does not pay. It has
no chance of life in any district•where the white
man can do the work of the field or the farm, and,
when the Northern and Western States abolished
it they did so from motives in which philanthropy
had doubtless some part, but in which social and
commercial considerations were largely intermin-
gled. In the district of Columbia, and in the Border
States,where it does not pay,slavery will be abolished
before many years, or perhaps months, but that
it will be abolished in the cotton countries, where
it pays enormously, is more than any one can believe
who studies the temper of the American people, or
knows anything whatever of the motives by which
they are actuated. The love of negro slavery is
not confined to the South ; and if the six small
States of New England were left out of the reckon-
ing it is all but certain that a poll of all the
remainder of the Union on the direct question of
the abolition or retention of slavery would be a
majority of three to four, if not of nine to one, in
its favour. The city of Now York would certainly
give an overwhelming majority for the Southern
.‘ institution ;" and so, perhaps, would Cincinnati, if
one may judge by its recent treatment of Mr. Philipps,
and any attempt on the part of the President and
his Cabinet to play into the hands of the ultra-phi-
lanthropists, who love a black man better than they
do a white, or to agitate for the abolition of Slavery
in the Far South, with or without compensation to
the slaveowners, would inevitably protract the war,
retard the progress of the whole country, and pre-
pare the way for a new secession more formidable
than the first. Looked at in any light, the ques-
tion of Slavery is the drop of black and bitter gall
in the overflowing cup of this Republic. It will
not be ignored, it cannot be settled. The utmost
that can be hoped as the result of the actual con-
test is, that it may be driven from the Border
States and confined to the cotton-growing regions.
But, as this result might have been attained in the
ordinary course of nature, and from the operation of
strictly commercial causes, there was no necessity
for the Ultra-Abolitionists to exasperate the whole
South into a civil war, which has already cost mere
money—to say nothing of the blood, the misery,
and the suffering that have marked its progress—
than it would have cost to purchase and set free the
whole of the slaves in Seeessia.

The result of the debate on Mr. Gregory's motion
in the House of Commons and of Lord Campbell's
in the House of Lords on the subject of the block-
ade has been received here with general satisfaction.
One journal alone—to be praised by which is to
incur oblequy—takes occasion of the circumstance
to assert that, although England desires to wash
her hands clean of the troubles of America, she will
find out before long that the American Rey üblie has
not done Ni ith her, and that both North and South
—to whom she has played false in the war—will
seize the opportunity to unite their forces and pay
her off for her perfidy. Threatened people live
long ; and, if the Americans were not wiser than
some of their newspapers—and this one in particular
—the United States would become the very Ishmael
of nations. But worse even than the newspaper in
question, if that be possible, is the conduct of
a reverend gentleman—H. W. toecher—who has
"wen lecturing and preaching on the conduct of the
British Government in the affair of the Trent.
"When our rebellion broke out," said he, "if there
a 8 ens nation under Heaven that we looked to for
1' paths and help it was the mother country,—
~ nßiand. Du+ how didshe
~yinpathlBo
with
~ treat us ? She
all engaged .wilt'hu
we could do on
lemptiblo fuss 4b9ut
citizens from u,,. 4
our enemies, and when we were
°IT
utiabc rebels, and had as much as
arnds, she kicked up that con-
-o:,,Trent, and took our rebel
cmphat•is, ‘1 it was tueelatid ho ;with sarcastic
audience cheered the sentiment.: was mean!" The
he, what are we going to do
get this war a
Initiattt.o attend
0,-
oii"t And now," said
off our hands, and hvielt.? When we
to these matters (suiting a strong
ic action