The Sun.
London, England, 1853-07-27 00:00:00

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I )RIOE 5D ,

under consideration, and most of the lanes and alleys
anciently notorious have given place to more commo-
dious thoroughfares. There remain, in fact, to be
attempted only those two chief reforms which Lord
Palmerston happily specified—one touching London
smoke, and the other London drainage. These "abomi-
nable nuisances" our Home Secretary has marked out
for abatement, and we hope his reputation for dexterity
and fortune may be increased by a signal success. In
this event there will be little reason for regretting the
revolution which transferred such indefatigable energies
to the peaceful fields of the Home-office.

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK.

(Front the Reffistrar-Getteral'.; Report.)

The total number of deaths registered in the metropo-
litan districts in the week that ended last Saturday was
971. In the ten corresponding weeks of the years
1843-52 the average number was 1,049, which, raised in
a certain proportion according to increase of population,
gives an estimated amount of 1,154. Last week's regis-
tration therefore shows that the actual mortality is less
than the corrected average by 183.
The deaths, ascribed to zyneotic diseases are 226, about
the same number as in the previous week. In the two
weeks fatal cases of small-pox were respectively 2 and 2,
of measles 26 and 11, scarlatina 27 and 26, hooping-
cough 37 and 30, typhus and other fever 51 and 58. The
only fact particularly attracting notice is the increase,
usual at this season, of diarrhoea. The numbers referred
to this complaint is the last four weeks are the follow-
ing :-28, 34, 54, and 73. It appears that the last few
days have witnessed a decided increase both in diarrhoea
and summer cholera ; and though typhus contributes
nothing more than the usual proportion to the weekly
mortality, local reports show that it is prevalent in some
parts. _

The following six cases of cholera were registered in
the week :--

In the sub-district of Amwell (Clerkenwell), at 13,
Northampt:l.-road, on 15th July, the daughter of a
hairwork6i., ard 3 months, died of English cholera
(about 3 days)."

In the subdistrict of Goswell-street, at 3, Percival-
street, oa 16th July, the daughter of an engraver, aged
16 years, of English cholera (3 days), convulsions (30
minutes)."

In Finsbury, at 11, Chapel-court, on 21st July, the
daughter of a labourer, aged 3 months, died of " summer
cholera (3 days)."

In Bethnal-green, at 7 Fleet-street, on the 23d July,
the daughter of a weaver, aged 3 months, "cholera in-
fantum (2 weeks)."
In sub-district of Christchurch, St. Saviour, at 5,
Queen's-arms-court, on 19th July, the daughter of a la-
bourer, aged 2 years, "summer cholera."
In St. Peter, Walworth, at 22, Queen's-row, on 17th
July, the son of a mercantile clerk, aged 4 years, "cho-
lera (8 hours)."
Also the following case is recorded : in Haggerstone
East, on 15th July, a gentleman, aged 31 years, "chro-
nic hepatitis (3 months), billions cholera (3 days).
In King's College Hospital, on 16th July, a female
servant, unmarried, aged 23 years, who had been brought
from 12, Gilbert-street, Clare-market, died of "typhus."
Post mortem. On the medical certificate it is remarked
that " from the same house three other severe cases of
typhus have been admitted into t'ae hospital. The mo-
ther of the deceased states that the drains of the house
are very offensive."

In Si. Luke's Workhouse, on the 18th July, a labourer,
aged 24 years, died of " typhus bronchitis ;" and in the
same workhouse, on 21st July, a labourer, aged 52 years,
died also of " typhus bronchitis." Mr. Ansell, the re-
gistrar of Hoxton New Town, writes :—" These were
two very bad cases. lam sorry to add that typhus of
a malignity character has made its appearance in some
parts of my district ; many patients are being conveyed
to the workhouse. The medical officer has been attacked,
and is only now recovering. In the neighbourhood of
Brunswick-place, Craven-street, and Baches-terrace,
many of the houses smell so badly that I have scarcely
been able to stand in them. I visit my district much,
and have frequent opportunities of finding out these abo-
minations, so fruitful of pestilence."
In Shoreditch, at 25, Whitecross-place, on 19th July,
the son of a waiter, aged 9 months, died Of "bowel com-
plaint (4 days)." Th medical attendant adds in his cer-
tertificate—"His death was brought on by the bad
smells of the house."

In Rotherhithe, at 43, Upper Queen-street, on 20th
July, the wife of a labourer, aged 59 years, died of
" diarrhoea (2 days)." Mr. Pitt, the registrar says :
" This was a short and bad case ; deceased was out on
Monday and dead on Wednesday. Thirty houses are
closely filled with inhabitants in a narrow street, without
' anything in the shape of daainage."
Last week the births of 819 boys and 741 girls, in all
1,560 children, were registered in London. In the eight
corresponding weeks of the years 1845-52 the average
number was 1,336. _ _

At the ROyal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean

height of the barometer in the week was 29/45 in.
The reading of the barometer increased from 2912 in.
at the beginning of the week to 29.79 in. by 9 h. p.m. on
the 17th ; decreased to 29/0 in. by noon on the 18th ;
increased to 29.83 in. by 9 h. p.m. on the 19th ; remained
at this reading nearly till 3 h. p.m. on the 20th; decreased

;o 29.59 in. by 3 h, pan. on the 22d ; increased to 29.85

in. by noon on the 22d ; and decreased to 29.81 in. by
the end of the week. The mean temperature of the
week was 59.6 deg., or 2.2 deg. below the temperature
of the same week on an average of 38 years. The mean
daily temperature was below the average on every day
of the week. The highest temperature was 73 deg.,
and occurred on Saturday ; the lowest was 501 deg.,
and occurred on Monday. The greatest difference be-
tween the dew point temperature and air temperature
was 15'4 deg. on Saturday ; the least was 1.9 deg. on
Wednesday : the mean difference of the week west.
The amount of rain was 29.0 in. The highest tempera-
ture of the water of the Thames was 64'1 deg. ; the
lowest 59/ deg. '

MORTALITY IN THE METROPOLIS.

NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTERED

IN THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JULY 23.

Zymotic Diseases
Diseases of Uncertain Seat
Tubercular Diseases
Diseases of the Brain, Nerves, and Senses 94
Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels 3B
Diseases of the Lungs and other Organs of _ _

Respiration v 102
Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs

// G'

•
men, or sons of Irishua !who came to this country as
lumberers, and purchased farms with their saving, sell
all their produce without ever going to market, as the
master lumbers purchase it to feed the men in their em-
ploy. I am assured that Irishmen make better lumberers
than the natives of any other country ; for it appears
that the good and abundant food that they begin eating,
from the moment they arrive here, expands not only the
muscular frame, but also the intellect : and no one who
has not seen the contrast between the down-cast, ill-fed,
and ragged Irish peasant in his own country, and the
same man, after even a few. months' residence in these
provinces, could believe in its completeness. A few
days. ago, the driver of a stagecoach between two por-
tions of the Ottawa, unnavigable for steam-vessels, but
which the Government is nowrendering navigable, told me
that he came to this district in 1841, with one dollar in
his pocket, and I learned from a gentleman with whom
he had originally worked as a common labourer when he
first came out, that be is now .worth 1,0001. and has a
capital larrit. On my expressing surprise that a man
like him could have an average of savings of 80/. a year
since he arrived, I was assured that, so far from this
being a solitary case, there was hardly an Irishman who
is industrious and temperate—the latter is just as neces-
sary as the former quality—that is not more or less in
the same position. For myself, I can only say, that I
have not seen an Irishman since my arrival who has not
an air of cortifort;"eleanliness, and independence about
him. But there is_one attribute he never loses--the use
of his vernacular ; for the brogue of each county of Ire-
land is heard on every' side, in all its native purity ; it is
indeed the true undying one. The following is a cir-
cumstance connected with emigration to the Canadas
which ought to have an important influence. Whenever
a district is about to be 'settled,' arrangements are
immediately made for having religious worship, and
chapels and churches invariably spring up with the other
buildings of the settlement, whilst each religious, deno-
mination supports (and respectably supports) the clergy-
man of his persuasion. In conclusion, I express to you
my conviction that the Canadas are the true California
for the peasant population of Ireland, and that if they
emigrate hero they have unceasing sources of steady
wealth and prosperity. If half a million persons came
here each year for the next twenty years, employment
on the terms I have mentioned to you would be found
for every man amongst them."

THE LONDON ANNUAL SUMMER POULTRY

SHO W.

The private view of the first summer collection of
poultry took place yesterday at the Bazaar, Baker-
street, Portman square, -when• 'the' general satisfaction
expressed by the visitors sufficiently testified to the in-
creasing interest which is felt by the public in this new
class of exhibition. The poultry show, which formed a
prevailing topic of conversation last Christmas, having
caused a laudable. emulation amongst the dealers in these
farmyard productions, many specimens are exhibited on
this occasion which must be acknowledged to be vastly
superior to any that were seen in the winter season. The
reason for the improvernent,• which is apparent not only
in the general character of the breeds, but also in the
number of chickens of various kinds, is attributable less to
the fact that any great advance has been made in the
knowledge of poultry-rearing, than to the desire which
exists to win a prize in this new field of competition. The
poultry show is no longer a novelty, but may be consi-
dered as possessing an amount of interest equal to that
which belongs to the annual cattle show at Christmas.
The Cochin-China, fowls, which attracted so much atten-
tion at the last exhibition, are regarded as the most in-
teresting objects in the collection, though, to the unini-
tiated eye, the Poland, the Hamburg, and the Spanish
breeds would seem to be equally, if not more particu-
larly, worthy of notice. Captain Hornby's collection of
Spanish fowls are especially conspicuous ; and it may be
noted that this gentleman has been so pre-eminently
successful in his manner of rearing these objects of his
fancy, that he has fixed 500/, as the price of a cock and
two hens, which it seems have won the highest admira-
tion from all who have seen them and are capable of
forming a judgment upon their peculiar excellences.
The Bramah Pootas are amongst the finest specimens of
fowls, and of these Mr. Gilbert, of Kensington, has
shown himself to be the possessor of a very handsome
collection, which he valued at a high rate, but not

higher than he was justified in attaching to them.
The bantams are remarkable not only for their
beauty of form and plumage, but for the variety
of breeds which are exhibited.; whilst the Dork-
ing fowls are, as usual, especially distinguished
for those rare qualities which render them the most in-
teresting ornaments of an English poultry yard. The
Poland cocks, with their fine crests and sapient heads,
are objects of great attraction, and deservedly so, for in
the whole collection there is nothing snore agreeable to

the eye or more creditable to the owners than"the differ-
ent varieties of this breed. It would be an interesting.
study to the ornithologist to dwell upon the prevailing
characteristics of the various orders of poultry which
are here displayed, the habits of one being as different
to those of another as are the colours and external pe-
culiarities ; but it can hardly be expected in a notice of
this kind that we should give more than a cursory view
of the general features in the collection. Suffice it that
the exhibition may be pronounced to be eminently suc-
cessful, that it reflects considerable credit upon those
who have contributed to it, and that it is likely to meet
with the warm approbation of those who are ready to
appreciate the wholesome rivalry which is thought
worthy to be encouraged amongst the admirers of the
more humble tenants of the farm-yard.
The following is the list of prizes awarded :
SPANISH FOWLS.

Class I.—Captain Hornby, R.N., first prize ; ditto,
second prize • J. H. Fox, third prize.
. .

Class.2.—Captain Hornby, 8... N., first prize ; Edward
Owen, seponcl prize ; ditto, third prize.
Class 3.—J. G. Ramsden, first prize ; James Buckley,
second prize.