The Sun.
London, England, 1865-08-01 00:00:00

t

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 1, 1865.

N°. 22,813

THE MASSA CARRARA MARBLE
CO:IPANY (Limited).
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that the LTST of APPLI-
CATIONS for SHARES in this Company will be REPT
OPEN until THURSDAY NEX V, the 3d of August.
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JOHN LLOYD, Secretary and Manager.
Offices, 33, King,-street, Cl,e4ps'lle, July 31, 1865. •

NEW NOVEL, EDITED BY THE AUTHOR OF "MARGARET
AND HER BRIDESMAIDS."
Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vole
THE PEMBERTON FAMILY.
Edited by
The Author of " Margaret and her Bridesmaids."
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

The Cattle Plague.

mitted. Of the 931 under his charge the Roman
Catholic chaplain says :—" Many, I may say most
of them, have been committed several times since
January. I have frequently found women of this
class who have been in gaol 30, 40, 50, and even
60 times, yet they were not more than 26 or 27
years of age."
At Manchester there is no Roman Catholic or
Dissenting chaplain, bUE "'prisoners who do not be-
long to the Established ChurCh are visited by a
minister of their own denomination when they de-
sire it." At Preston, " a Roman Catholic minister
has lately been appointed ; all other denomina-
tions," says the inspector, " accept the ministra-
tions of the Church of England chaplain." At the
Salford House of Correction there is a Church of
England chaplain, and " prisoners who do not be-
long to the Established Church see a minister of
their own persuasion when they wish to do so."
From Lincoln county gaol the report is that " No
special provision is made for the instruction of pri-
soners who do not belong to the Established
Church ; but those prisoners who desire it are
allowed to see a minister of their own persuasion."
At the city gaol of Lincoln it is reported that pri-
soners who are not members of the Established
Church seldom avail themselves of the permission to
see a minister of their own denomination. A very
similar account is given of the state of things at
Berwick-on-Tweed :—" Ministers of all denomina-
tions have free access to the prisoners of their own
persuasion ; but, with the exception of occasional
visits from the Roman Catholic priest, they do not
avail themselves of the rule on this subject."

• Yesterday evening a meeting of the metropolitan cow-
keepers was convened by Mr. T. P. Dexter, chairman of
the London Cowkeepers' Association, at the Marylebone
Institution, Edward-street, Portman-square, to consider
what measures should be adopted with reference to the
prevailing malady which has been recently imported into
London. The meeting took place at 8 o'clock, and there
was a highly respectable attendance of about 250.

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Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vote..
LIFE : Its Nature, Varieties, and Phenomena.
By LSO R. GRINDON.
The Publisher begs to announce the issue of the Third
Edition of the above popular work in sixpenny monthly
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The work can be had complete, in cloth, price 6s. 6d.
" To those who delight in the exercise of their intellectual
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sant memories." —Sun.
London: F. Pitman, 20, Paternoster-row, E.C.

The principal feature in the evening's proceedings was a
clover and interesting address delivered by Professor Gamgee
late of Edinburgh, now head of the new Veterinary College
at Chelsea. Ho spoke fluently at considerable length, and
subsequently answered various questions that were put to
him throughout the evening. Ho described the disease as a
catarrhal affection, producing iu the blood an impurity which
had a tendency to work itself outward in every direction,
and any exhalation, even thmugh the pores of the skin, of
an animal. affected with the iiague was, he said, highly in-
fectious. This disease the vast majority of cases,
incurable. An animal attacked by it might succumb in two
or three days, or might last a week or more ; but he was
generally doomed from the outset. The origin of the plague
was infected foreign cattle brought to Islington Cattle-
market. Sound cattle coming in contact with them then
caught the malady, and in their turn transmitted it to
others, so that it was spreading in a rapidly widening
circle. It had been but just a month in this country, yet
even in that short time he.galculated that nearly 2,000 cattle
must have suffered. It *as much to be regretted that
prompt measures for its medication were not taken on its
first appearance. He shed how, though we had anti-
dotes for mineral, we had none for animal poisons of the.
blood, and therefore it was rather to prevention than to cure
that attention should be ateected in caseslike that under dis-_
cussion. All beasts that were evidently affected should bo
killed, or, at least, at once and effectually separated from all
healthy animals. The Professor explained to the meeting
that in similar cases in France, Austria, Prussia, and else-
where on the continent immediate steps were taken by Go-
vernment to surround, isolate, and extinguish the infliction
in each locality in which it appeared—if possible before it
had time to spread. There were veterinary inspectors, on
whose reports diseased beasts were slaughtered, and their
owners indemnified by Government. The British Govern-
ment had no acts of Parliament which enabled them to
adopt the same measures ; but, even if they had, he
doubted whether our English way of " helping ourselves"
was not the best in most cases of difficulty. He compared
the cattle plague to the cotton famine, which he said, it
might quite equal in its magnitude as a national calamity.
He feared that many thousands of cattle would be lost, and
he thought the country should come forward for its own
and the cattle-owners' sakes, as it did for the Lancashire
people. -He went on to show that although the cattle
plague was not contagious to human beings, yet that in-
directly it might produce typhus and other fevers and
diseases, because, after a lengthened period of bad or in-
sufficient food in any country, the people of that country
were sure to suffer in health. There was no cattle disease
better known than this. So far from being new, it had
existed for centuries. In 1747 thousands of cattle perished,
or were destroyed, the Government compensating their
owners. This, however, had to be discontinued on account
of the numerous frauds committed. Mr. Gamgee alluded
next to the sheep smallpox in North Wiltshire in 1862.
He showed how, as long as farmers concealed the illness
of their sheep, the disease spread with great rapidity ; but
when they subscribed to pay for the destruction of all that
were diseased, and thus encouraged each other to speak
the truth, the sheep smallpox was put an end to in three
weeks. It would be more difficult to bring the cattle
plague to a termination, but the same course was the
proper one to pursue. The cow-owners should put their
shoulders to the wheel at once, form a provisional com-
mittee, and take steps to carry out the most advisable
measures. He said he had a staff of clover men about him
in the new college which was to be opened at Chelsea
next week, and that they would all give their services
gratuitously to the sufferers in the present emergency.
An elderly man—a cowkeeper—was in favour of direct and
immediate Government interference. But it was objected
that visiting inspectors would carry the contagion from
shed to shed in their clothes. This was denied by Mr.
Gamgee, who instanced the little fear we had of our medi-
cal mon, though they went all day long among patients
having all sorts of ailments.
A veterinary surgeon f rom Northampton advocated homce-
opathic treatment for the cattle disease, and spoke of the
success of Mr. Lord, principal veterinary surgeon at Canter-
bury cavalry depot, in:the application of that treatment to a
disease in horses, which he said resembled the cattle plague.
A gentleman said the magistrates were holding extra
:tensing days, so that new cattle sheds might be at once

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At the Nottingham borough gaol there is no
special provision for prisoners not of the Established
Church, but " they willingly attend the services in
chapel, and receive instructions from the chaplain,
although they are aware that they may see a minis-
ter of their own denomination if they wish it."
In the county gaol of Staffordshire the Roman
Catholic priest visits prisoners of that denomina-
tion, and performs service in the school-room on
Friday. Other prisoners may also see a minister of
their own religious persuasion when they desire it.
A Roman Catholic minister has been appointed
for the county gaol of Wakefield to attend prisoners
of that denomination, and the chapel in the old
prison has been fitted up for their religious services.
The reports from the Scottish prisons nearly all
state that prisoners not members of the Established
Church are allowed to see their own ministers if
they wish it. No special provision appears in any
case to be made for their instruction. The chaplain
of Stirling prison says :—" I cannot recollect one
instance in which a prisoner objected to receive my
counsel on the ground that I was of a different per-
suasion from himself."

licensed for the separation of diseased animals.
A Wiltshire sheep farmer corroborated all that Mr. Gam-
gee had said about the sheep small-pox, and the favourable
results that followed the course taken, and strenuously re-
commended openness and above-board dealing among the
cattle-owners.

One of the vice-presidents of the new veterinary college
spoke warmly in favour of Professor Gamgee, who he said
was not a Scotchmau, but an Englishman, and much better
here than in Edinburgh. lie also prdtnised every assistance
that he and his fellow founders of the new college could
give, and offered their office at 48, Pall-mall, for the use of
the provisional committee. They will hold a meeting there
to-morrow.
A cordial vote of thanks was passed to the chairman, Mr.
Dexter, and the meeting broko up at about half-past 10
o'clock.

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of 90 tons. All the massive rods which form its
outside covering are carefully galvanised,io protect
them from the rust which so soon consumes the
stoutest iron wire when laid in shallow seas. This
portion of the line was manufactured by Mr. Hen-
ley, the maker of the Persian Gulf cable. Mr.
Henley himself, as one of the most experienced
cable-layers; volunteered his aid at Foilhommerun
Bay, and gave most efficient assistance in submerg-
ing this ponderous rope from Valentia out to sea.

The Armenian Bookworm.

O n Wednesday last, writes the Paris correspondent
of the Times, were borne from the church of St.
Eugene, in the Rue du Conservatoire, to their last
resting-place, the remains of a man who for nearly
40 years had been one of the notables of that por-
tion of the Parisian population who inhabit the
Faubourg Poissonniere, or who frequent the Biblio-
theque Imperiale in the Rue Richelieu. I allude to
the Armenian, Kasangian, commonly called the
" Armenien de la Bibliotheque, who had been for so
long the constant visitor to that treasury of learn-
ing that he came to be considered as one of its
fixtures. Librarians, attendants, porters, as well
as habitues, were in consternation when, on mis-
sing him from his familiar place in the reading-
room, they were told that he was no more ; for
they had seemed to regard him as almost exempt
from the law of mortality. His age could only
be guessed at. Persons who have hardly missed
a day at the library for 30 years affirm that the
Armenian looked as old when they first knew
him as he did up to the last moment. The punc-
tuality of his attendance in the library was some-
what wonderful. It was even said that when
the timepieces of the establishment got out of
order they were regulated on his appearance.
It is certain that the last stroke of 10 still
rung in the ears when his well-known person was
seen at the entrance. He was tall, lank, narrow-
chested, with thin legs, terminating in feet of pro-
digious size. His neck was long as a crane's,
scraggy, and always bare. He had a horror of
neckcloths of every description, and he had for
years tried to induce the employes of the establish-
ment, with whom he was a great favourite, to dis-
card their cravats. His features were long, ema-
ciated, and pale, though it is not known that he was
ever seriously ill. His costume consisted of a loose
black stuff robe, like a dressing gown, with wide
sleeves, open in front, and reaching half-way be-
low his knees, a vest and pantaloons made in the
Turkish fashion, and bound round at the waist with
a sash. His headdress used to be a little green
calotte, like that worn by the clergy ; to this,
however, he lately added a hat made of black
stuff. When passing before the office where the
walking-canes and umbrellas are deposited, he
mechanically nodded his head to the left by way
of salute, and to the porter's lodge on the
right, whether there was any one there or not. He
then strode on to the fountain in the court, which
the hospitality of the establishment keeps always
supplied for the thirsty, who refresh themselves by
means of a tin goblet fastened by a chain. If the
sun shone brightly he would stand for a few minutes
to warm himself in its beams, but when the weather
was cold and snow covered the ground he mounted
at once to the large and well-warmed reading-room.
It was not often that the attendants were there
before him, but if they were they received the same
mute salute as he moved on straight to the shelves

in front of the central desk to take down the
volumes which he had left there the previous evening.
His place at the table was the same he had always
held. Everybody seemed to admit his right to it, just
as, I believe, the usage of the House of Commons
allows to a member who has once received its thanks
for some great public service. He declined the aid
of any one who offered to help him in taking down
his heavy folios, but acknowledged their courtesy
with a nod and a melancholy smile. The works
the Armenian generally asked for were very rare.
Indeed, they became more so, for they were seldom
out of his hands ; and though the BibliotNque Mt-

pe'rige is, perhaps, the richest collection on the Con-
tinent, he has been heard to complain of its poverty.
Half hid behind the rampart of huge tomes, he used
to set himself to his daily task—the compilation of
an Arabic Dictionary,—which to him was one of
love, and which, I believe, he left unfinished after
so many years' labour. It is said he applied some
few years back for a subsidy of 30,000 f to enable
him to publish it, but without effect.
His mode of existence was the simplest ; his wants
were the fewest possible, and such as they were he
supplied them by giving lessons in Arabic early in
the morning and late in the evening, at the moderate
cost of a franc a lesson. His pupils were not numer-
ous, but he devoted to them all the time he spared
from his studies in the library and his brief repose.
He was never seen, I believe, at any place of public
amusement, seldom out of his beat, and I doubt
whether he knew more of modern Paris than the
part which is comprised between the Faubourg
Poissonniere, where he occupied.a small room in the
fifth story, and the Church of the Madeleine.
held little communication out of doors with any but
the employe's of the Bibliotkeque, and those he fre-
quently had recourse to for information about the
books he wanted.
Besides his theory on the inutility, or rather
the disadvantage, of wearing neckcloths, he had
another on the decay of man, which he maintained
as identical with that of trees. Man, as life ad-
vances, becomes bald, just as the tree loses its
leaves. His limbs lose- their vigour, just as the
branches lose their sap and wither at the extre-
mities. The human skin loses its moisture, grows
dry and shrivelled, just as the trunk of the tree
grows discoloured and parched, and life withdraws
from the roots, when it perishes utterly. For a
year or two before his death the theory ap-
peared to be realised with Kasangian. It was re-
marked that he worked every week more slowly,
and that his work fatigued him more and more.
Before this be used occasionally to lean back in his
chair, his spectacles thrown up to his forehead, his
pen stuck behind his hear, and with his hands crossed
on one of the thickest of the folios before him,
slumber for an hour. But of late the siesta grew
more frequent and longer, and when he entered or
left the reading room his movements were slow and
hesitating.
The last time he was seen in the old-familiar chair
was this day week, when he drank from the foun-
tain, read, wrote, and slumbered as usual. His
absence on Monday excited attention. On inquiry
at his lodgings it was found that at 10 o'clock on
Sunday morning he had an attack of apoplexy, from
which he never rallied. He died in the course of
the same day, seemingly without pain, and as calm
as if he had dropped asleep among his beloved folios
in the library. Of his age or of the earliest period
of his life little certain is known. It is said that
he first came to Europe with the French army on
its return from Egypt in 1800, and he was then a
priest. If so, he must have been close upon 90,
though he looked, notwithstanding his emaciated
figure, 20 years younger.

CAST OF PAITCHARD'S HEAD.—The cast taken of
the head of the murderer for the Phrenological Museum of
Edinburgh gives a very different impression of the cerebral
development from what one gets from the portraits, or even
from having seen the man himself. Ms baldness concealed
the deficiency in the intellectual part of the brain, by mak-
ing the fdrehead appear larger than it in reality is. The
fact was found to be that the animal part of the brain was
fully four-fifths of the whole; as an eminent phrenologist
expressed it, the skull was bestial. The same gentleman
remarked that he had only known ono head of a sane per-
son to equal it in its unfavourable development. The
organ of amativeness was immensely large, and also that of
love of approbation. A request was made to have the
brain for scientific purposes, it being an opinion on thepart
of some that the quality as well as the size and form of the
brain has something to do with natural disposition. This
request was declined, on the ground that it is opposed to
the modern act, which forbids the -dissection of the bodies
of malefactors.—Daily Ret'kw,

~"