The Sun.
London, England, 1865-09-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 22, 1865.

GREAT ST. JAMES'S-HALL—WORLD of
MAGIC, Second :,ight, and " Begone, Dull Care,"
every evening at 8. A Day Performance, Saturday, a' 3.
" The most varied entertainment in the metropolis." —Vide
the Press. • Admission, Is.

PROFESSOR and the Misses ANDERSON.—
Farewell season. - World of 'lagic. Second Sight, and
the original Indian Basket Trick, in conjunction with Fre-
deric t the great! Maccabe, the unrivalled ventriloquist, mimic,
and character actor.

VREDERIC MACCABE, Ventriloquist, Mimic,
&3., in his original entertainment, " Begone, Dull Care,"
"Miss Mary May," " Early in the Morning." Balcony, 2s ;
reserved seats, 38. ; stalls, ss. ; at Kr. Austin's office, St.
James's • hall, 23, Piccadilly.
A. NIMMO, Acting Manager.

QTODARE. -172ND REPRESENTATION.-
THEA VILE OF MYSTERY, EGYPTIA HALL

MARVELS in MAGIC and VE ‘T,tILi,QUISM, by Gol.
STODARE. The REAL INDIAN BASKET TRICK, and
INS TANTANEOUS GRO TH of FLOWER TREES, as
introduced for the first time in this country Easter Mon-
dny, April 17, 1865, by Colonel Stodare, and only performed
by him and the Indian Magicians.
Every evening at 8 (Saturdays included), also on Wednes-
day anti Saturday Afternoons at 3. Stalls at Mitchell's, 33,
Old Bond-street, and Box-office, Egyptian Hall. Admission,
ls., 25., and 3s.

"Almost miraculous."—Vide Times, April 18,1865.

THE 0 )(FORD.
8, OXFORD STREET, W.

•
The Oxford and Canterbury Flail Company (limited).
SIXTY-SIX, by J. Offenbach, performed by
Misses Ruasell, Barrie, Walme.ley, Tyrell, Mien Reid, Ma-
dame Maria, and Miss Fitz Henry ; Messrs. A. tit. Albyn,
Husk, and Green, with full Bandiand Chorus.

CANTERBURY HALL.
KO KO RI KO.

This wonderful entertainment, having proved the greatest
hit ever made, will be repeated EVERY EVENING, in ad-
dition to the Operatic Selections, supported by the whole
talent of the estab'ishment.

Comedy, Burlesque, and Ballet by Mrs. and Mr. Randall,
Messrs. Duriah and Davies, the D'Aubans, and Arthur
Lloyd.
Director, Mr. F. Jongmans.

All visitors to London at this season should see the above
entertainment

31[ADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION.--
Established 30 years, at the Bazaar, Baker-street.

NEW ADDITION-.—ln accordance .ith the season. the
Exhibition has been entirely re-embellished. The whole o
the ancient Court Dresses of the most costly description,
faithfully corded from the most minute pictures, have been
renewed. Modern court Dresses of the most splendid de-
scription, selected from the first houses in Paris and London,
and probably never equalled or surpassed, are now on view.
Life-size Models of DOCTOR E. W. PRITCHARD and
CONSTANCE KENT are now added.
m.ExttirllalßOopo.m.ms,
Sixpence.poennefsrohmillinllza.;
Admittance,°

ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
Piccadilly.—GitAND CASINO and MUSICAL PRO-
MENADE is N .W OPEN for the Season.
Musical Director, M. LUIGI CURTL
Manager, Mons. GRENET.
The Band plays nightly Selections from the most eminent
Compose; s.
;;ours open at half-past 8 o'clock; close five minutes to 12
o'clock.
Admission to Promenade, One Shilling.

THE WELLINGTON, ST. JAMES'S-STREET.
Set DINNERS served, at five minutes' notice, trom Four to
o ine p.m.. at 2.. 6d., 3s 6d., 43. 6cl, and 7s. each.
ELEGANT SALOON DINING ROOMS,
for Ladies and Families,
Prices on the "Carte" mo ierate.
Private 'too ~s for Large or Small Partier.
Reading, Smoking, and Billiard Rooms.

BREARFASrS and LUNCHEONS.
D. CAMERON.
Entrances-160, Piccadilly, and 49, St. James's-street.

TOHN GOSNELL and CO.'S CHERRY
Cr TOO PA STN: is greatly superior to any tooth
Powder; gives the tee,h a pearl hiteness, protects the
enamel from decay, and imparts a pleasant fragrance to the
the breath Price Is. 6d.--12, Three King—court, Lombard-
street, London.

MARK YOUR LINEN.-BOND'S PERMA-
NENT ARKING INK is by far the best for
marking cltEsTs. NAIVIES, awl INITIALS upon House-
hold Linen, Wearing- App Orel, &e. Price is. a bottle. N o
6d. size ever made. Sold by E. R. BOND, 10. Bishopsgate-
street• Within, t,on on, E C., ant by all respectable chemists
and stationers in the kingdom.—N.B. Purchasers should be
careful to observe t.e addr. ss - 10, Bishopsgate-stree
Within, E.C.—upon the label. without which the Ink is not
genuine.

THE Duke of SUTHERLAND and PER-
CENTAGES to SERVA.NTS.—Write for your TEA
direct to the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY. China,
Assam, and Japan Teas in every variety, from Is, 10d. per
lb. upwards. List of prices sent on application.—Ware-
houses, 9, Great St. Helen's Churchyard, City,

THE COD-LIVER OIL of DEROCQUE,
Paris, 55, Boulevard sebast pol, Sole Purveyor to the
ilogpitals. This superior oil, proceeding from his fisheries
on the coast of Norway. Is used throughout France for its
efficacy in Glandular Disorders, Pulmonary Consum
Bronchitis, and Leanness in Women and Children. 31gy be
had of Ang. Whitburn, 174, Regent-street, London, in bottles
of 2s. 6d. each.

DINNEFORD'S FLUID MAGNESIA.
The medical profe •sion for Thirty yearn+ have approved
of this pure solution of Ma ,nesia as the best remedy for Gout
and stomach disorders of every kir d ; and as a mild aperient
it is esrecially adapted for ladies ana children. Prrpare,l
solely by
DINNEFORD and CO., Chemists, &c.,
172, New Bond-street, London ; - - - - -

And sold through:ut the world by all !mope table chemists.
CAUTION —See I hat " Dinneford and Co." is on each bottle

and red label over the cork.

THE THREATENING APPROACH OF
CHOLERA.

THE LONDON AND GENERAL WATER
PURIFYING COMPANY (Limited), SUPPLY on
HIRE or SALE in the Metropolis and its suburb+, and on
sate in the county, their PATENT CISTERN FILTER,
which filters and purifies all the water used in th house,
whe, her for culinary or drinking purposes, at the rate of ualt
a gallon to four gallons per minute, requiring no Riling or
attention from servants. Water tested free of charge. Test-
ing apparatus easily used. Sold by the Company.
For prices and terms apply to the Secretary, 15, Strand,
W.C., where testimonials from Dr. Letheby and other emi-
nent authorities, and the filters in operation, may be seen,

COOL and REFRESHING TOILETTE RE-
QUI •ITE.-01,01t1D,;E'd BALM of COLUMBIA
is the most certain 'mod), for Restoring and Strengthenintr
tie Hair. By it Whiskers and Moustaches are produce 1 and
beautified. Ladies will find it especially valuable, as the
most delieate bead-dress ,T bonnet can be worn without fear
of soiling. Sold in bottles, Is. 6d., 65., and 118.—C. and A.
OLDRIDGE, 22. Wellington-street, Strand.

TEETH, 2s. 6d. each.—ESKELL and SONS'
improvements in the co .struction of AR I IFICIAL
T r.ETII enable them to mike and fit in from One to a Set,
in a few hours, without springs or Wires, and without ex-
tractions, upon the rinciple of self-adhesion, painless and
perfect. Guaranteed, or no fee accepted. Sets, ..C, ; stop-
pin gs, 2s. 60.; extractions, Is. ; and the same moderate fixed
prices throughout. Punctuality In all appcintments, and
constant daily attendance from Nine to Eight o'clock. Their
Traatise on the Teeth, with printed terms, and all consult -
tions free, on application to ESKELL and SONS, 13, Tich-
borne- street, Quadrant. Note the address.

MR. HOWARD, SURGEON-DENTIST, 52,
leet-greet, has introduced an entirely new descrip-
ti nof ARTIFICIAL FEE V f.xed without springs, wires,
or ligatures. They so pertectly rc:embie the natural teeth
as not to be distinguished fro a the originals by the closest
observer; they will never change colour or decay, and will
be found superior to any teeth ever before used. This
method does not require the extraction of roots, or any pain-
ful operation, and will support and preserve teeth that are
loose, and is guaranteed to restore articulation and mastica-
tion. Decayed teeth stopped and rendered sound and useful
in mastication.

Naval and Military. Intelligence.

On Tuesday the Commander-in-Chief at the
Nore, vice Admiral Sir Chas. Talbot, K.C.8., for-
mally opened the Recreation-room in the Naval
Barracks at Sheerness. This event may be re-
garded as the inauguration of a new era, and it
is due to the Lords Commissioners of the Admi-
ralty that the kindly concession now made by them
should be widely known and appropriated as it de-
serves to be by the class for whose benefit it is, ex-
clusively intended. Sheerness has an unfortunate
notoriety as being the least attractive of all the naval
ports, and there was consequently the greater need
that some plan should be devised to overcome the
repugnance seamen feel to a long term of service
there. With this view, their lordships having given
the necessary orders, a spacious and cheerful room
in the barracks, 40ft. by 37ft., has been quickly
adapted and made habitable, the stone floor boarded
over, good sashes fixed in the window places, stoves
fitted, gas laid on, and the walls hung with excel-
lent maps of all quarters of the globe. The amuse-
ments provided for the men are chess, bagatelle,
draughts, backgammon, dominoes, and other games
—and at a convenient distance a piece of ground in
the dockyard has been converted into a first-rate
skittle-alley, covered and protected from the wea-
ther. In addition to this there is a reading and re-
freshment-room, where in the former a payment of
id. per week constitutes membership, and in the
latter, for 2d., an excellent cup of coffee, with milk
and sugar, and a plate of bread and butter may be
procured. The avidity with which the sailors and
marines thronged into the places thus provided for
their entertainment was most gratifying to observe,
and it is to be hoped that the old aversion from the
locality will henceforth be completely overcome. All
the naval authorities have gone into the movement
con amore, the Admiral evincing constant interest
in a scheme so largely beneficial to the men, and so
well calculated to diminish offences against discip-
line—the Captain Superintendent giving all the in-
fluence of his position to carry out completely their
lordships' wishes, and the Captain, Commander,
and officers actively and assiduously labouring to
the same good end. On Wednesday the men,
speaking through their committee, composed of
petty officers, tendered their grateful acknowledg-
ments for the considerate care and attention with
which their comfort and interests have been pro-
vided for.

Yesterday her Majesty's ironclad frigate Belle-
rophon, 16, of 4,270 tons burden, entered on the
preliminary trial of her machinery, to enable the
Admiralty officials to ascertain her rate of steaming
at light draught. The steam tender Adder, Master-
Commander W. Blakey, left Chatham Dockyard
yesterday morning with the officials, under whose
superintendence the trials were to take place. These
included Capt. W. H. Stewart, C. 8., superintendent
of the dockyard; Capt. Tatham, of the Bellerophon;
Commander Stokes, Mr. Reed, Chief Constructor
of the Navy ; Mr. Dinnen, of the engineer depart-
ment of the Admiralty; Professor Woolley, LL.D.,
Mr. Thornton, master shipwright; Mr. Baker, chief
engineer and inspector of machinery afloat; Mr. Bar-
naby, assistant constructor of the navy, and other
officers. By 10 o'clock the Bellerophon was reached,
lying inside the Nore with her steam up, ready for
starting. At this time her draught of water forward
wQ,s 16ft. 4in., and aft 23ft. 6in., the quantity of
coals on board being 174 tons, and other stores about
50 tons. Her screw was set at a pitch of 21ft. 81in.,
with the immersion of the upper edge of lft. 11 in.
The weather was exceedingly unfavourable for the
trial, the wind blowing strong with a force of four to
five, which threw it into foam round the ship. At
first it was considered that the trial had better be
postponed, but it was at last determined to proceed,
mainly from the anxiety evinced by the engineers.
The firm of Messrs. Penn and Son was represented
by Mr. Matthews, and the engines were in charge of
Mr. Wigzell. On starting from her moorings the
displacement of the vessel was ascertained to be
5,600 tons. The engines were found to work very
satisfactorily, although steam had only been got up
for the first time on Tuesday. The Bellerophon was
soon advancing at a high speed, and throwing up a
great wave at her bow. This arose from the water
meeting the long projecting submerged stem. On
reaching the measured mile at the Maplin Sands it
was determined to test the vessel, although at the
time the screw could only be brought to realise a maxi-
mum of. 53 revolutions, while the contract guaran-
teed that the revolutions were to be 70 per minute,
but at no time yesterday were 60 revolutions reached.
After a slight delay four runs were taken with the
following results :—First run, time, 3min. 57sec. ;
speed, 15.190 knots ; steam, 221 b ; vacuum, 26f ;
revolution of engines, 59 ; second run, 4min. 54sec. ;
speed, 12.245 knots ; steam, 221 b vacuum, 26 ;
revolution of engines, 58 ; third run, 4min. 9sec. ;
speed, 14.457 knots ; steam, 221 b. ; vacuum, 26} ;
revolution of engines, 57} ; fourth run, 4min.
39sec. ; speed 12.903 knots ; steam, 211 b. ; vacuum,
26 ; revolution of. engines, 55g. The above read-
ings would give an average speed of 13.698 knots,
but from the circumstances stated, . and from the
fact that the engine showed a falling off in the work-
ing of the screw after each run, no proper estimate
can be formed of the true speed of the vessel. At
the close of the fourth run it was found that so
many circumstances militated against the trial,
among others inferior coal, that it was determined
to discontinue the speed trial, and some experiments
were then made in testing the steering of the
frigate. The adoption of the balanced rudder on
board a vessel of the Bellerophon class was at first
considered to be a doubtful experiment, but the re-
sults of the trials made yesterday were in the highest
degreen u
r futhernsatisfactory.rudder
With the helm at port, and the
32 deg., the helm was put over
in ht men in 23 secs., and the com-
plete circle accomplished in 4 min. 30 secs., and the
half circle in 1 min. 50 sec., with the helm to star-
board the rudder was brought to an angle of 37
deg. by 8 men in 25 sec. The value of the balanced
rudder in a vessel of the Bellerophon class, which
is required to steer readily to enable her broadside
battery guns to be worked with advantage, will be
apparent when, in the case of the Warrior, for in-
stance, the average time in making the circle is eight
minutes. At the close of the experiments with the
steering gear it was decided to abandon the further
trials till to-day, and the Bellerophon was moored
alongside the Ocean, coal-ship, in readiness to pro-
ceedmeantimehand-picked
The screw steamship Blenheim, 60, recently doing
hsehrewspwrileleebdisehtsrucipoaaplallsiethis morning. In the
coastguard duty at Pembroke, but now in Hamoaze,
has been cleared out, and will be placed in dock at
Keyham, for the purpose of being broken up.
The screw steam frigate Liverpool, 39, Captain
Rowley Lambert, from Ireland, arrived in Plymouh
Sound yesterday morning. She brought some
supernumerary seamen.
The screw steam storeship 'Dromedary, Master
Commander J. H. Allard, left Plymouth on Wed-
nesday evening for Ascension.
We regret to announce the death of Col. Charles
Hogge, C. 8., of the Royal (late Bengal) Artillery,
at Erith, on the 19th inst. From Hart's Army
List it appears that Col. Rogge served in the Punjab
campaign of 1848-9 as Commissary of Ordnance.
He was present at the passage of the Cheenab, at
Ramnugger, thebattles of Chillianwallah and Gooje-
rat. For his services he obtained a medal and two
clasps, and brevets of Major and Lieut.-Col. He
served throughout the Indian mutiny, and was
wounded at Meerut. Subsequently he had charge
of the ordnance-park at the siege and capture of
Delhi. He was highly commended in a despatch
by Sir A. Wilson, and thanked by the Governor-
General. He was Director of Artillery to the army
under Lord Clyde at the siege and capture of Luck-
now. On Col. Hogge's return to England in 1863
he-was selected -by the Commander-in-Chief. to be

a member of the Ordnance Select Committee, where
he displayed the same zeal and ability as he had
shown in the field. His death was caused by liver
complaint, from which he had suffered for some
time.

AMERICA.

(From a Correspondent of the Times.)
WASHINGTON, Sept. 8.

I The trial of Captain Wirtz, of the late Confede-
rate service, for treating the Federal prisoners at
Andersonville with great and almost unexampled
cruelty, is the most important event of the hour., It
is not only important as showing how far the bit-
ter feeling which has been excited in the North by
stories of barbarity practised in Southern prisons
is founded on sense, reason, and indisputable evi-
dence, but it is of consequence in its bearing upon
the probable future action of the general Govern-
ment towards the Southern leaders. The trial of
Wirtz is incidentally bringing out proof of the fact
which, when I stated it, with the strongest evidence
before me, was peremptorily and instantly denied—
the fact, namely, that the Confederate Government
knew of the misery and death which reigned supreme
at Andersonville. That Wirtz was less guilty than
some of his superiors is, I think, proved, and I hope
it will beborne in mind when judgment is pronounced
upon him. He is a sallow, fearful, anxious-looking
man, wha naturally tries to escape the gaze of a
crowded court, and seems as much shocked at some
of the evidence as his judges. I believe that the
answer of his counsel to the accusations against him
will be that he obeyed orders, and thus they will
heap further condemnation upon the Confederate
Government. But, whatever the result of the trial
may be as regards Wirtz, it is as clear as noonday
that awful atrocities were committed against the
unhappy Northern soldiers at Andersonville. The
to quoque would be no answer, even if a counter-
charge of cruelty could be proved against the North.
But it cannot. Let those who say it can bring for-
ward their evidence, as the Government here is doing.
Do not let hearsay be set against sworn testimony ;
no not let what one man " saw" weigh against what
hundreds " felt" as well as " saw." I say again that
the barbarous treatment of Northern prisoners in
Southern pens fills the Northern people with anger.
This is not an opinion, but a fact, which every Eng-
lishman now travelling in this country can confirm,
provided his mind be not filled and choked with
foregone conclusions. Youmay see it in every street,
and hear it in every house. The Northern people
have not a particle of ill-feeling towards the South-
ern leaders, except that which arises from the re-
membrance of cruelties which were ." a disgrace to
civilisation." It may be said that these last are harsh
words. To assuage the irritation which they may
occasion to Southern adherents, I may mention that
they are taken from an official report in Anderson-
ville, presented by a Confederate officer to his own
Government in August, 1864.
Since, then, it is certain that greater issues than
the personal safety of Capt. Wirtz depend upon his
trial, it is desirable to gather together the pith of the
evidence so far as it has yet gone. Dr. J. C. Bates
was a medical officer of the Southern army appointed
to visit Andersonville. His sworn evidence states
that the rations were " less than 20oz. in 24 hours."
He thought it likely that " men would starve to
death" on such an allowance, especially if it was of
bad quality. He had seen men " hobbling up to
wells" carrying tin cans in their mouths because
they could not carry the cans any other way. They
were eaten up with scurvy. Dr. J. C. Pilot, also a
Confederate surgeon—for I purposely choose South
testimony at present, in order to let the Confede-
rates tell their own story—reported on September
6, 1864, that the wards of the hospital were " wield
with gangrene," and that the medical attendants
" had not even stimulants to support the system
under its depressing influence." The bread served
out, this Confederate officer complained, was " totally
unfit for the use of the sick ;" " the meat (beef) re-
ceived by the patients does not amount to over two
ounces a day," and he added an urgent appeal for
means to alleviate the sufferings of the prisoners.
When Richmond was captured about two tons weight
of papers relating to the Confederacy and its Go-
vernment were seized and brought to Washington.
I saw some of these papers this morning which had just
been put in evidence. Allow me to quote two or three
facts and passages from them. One series consists of
the returns of sick prisoners admitted to the Ander-
sonville Hospital and of the number who died. These
figures, compiled by Southern officers, show that
17,000 Northern prisoners went into the hospital, of
whom nearly 13,000 died. To make this damning
fact a little more comprehensive I quote from two
other Confederate papers put in evidence this morn-
ing, and admitted to be genuine. They are both
signed " D. J. Chandler, Lieutenant-Colonel," and
addressed to the Assistant Adjutant-General of the
Confederate Army. The first is dated the sth of
July, 1864.

It states that a space of only six square feet
was allowed to each prisoner ; that thus fearfully
crowded they had no shelter and no good water ;
" the ground being entirely bare of trees, no shelter
is within reach of the prisoners." It further in-
formed the officers of Mr. Davis's Government that
about 20 prisoners a day died whom the doctors had
never seen, and knew nothing about, and therefore
" it was not possible to state the number of sick
and dying." A month later Colonel Chandler—let it
constantly be remembered that he was a Southern
officer writing to his own Government describing
what Colonel Fremantle calls " that generous and
humane" treatment of Federal prisoners—this officer
wrote to beg his superiors to remove General Win-
der, in whose department the prison-pen was, and
appoint " some one who at least will not advocate
deliberately and in cold blood the propriety of leav-
ing them (the prisoners) in their present condition
until their number has been sufficiently reduced by
death to make the present arrangements sufficient
for their accommodation, and who will not consider
it a matter of self-laudation and boasting that he
has never been inside the stockade, a place the horrors
of which are difficult to describe, which is a disgrace
to civilisation, and the condition of which he might,
by the exercise of a little energy and judgment, even
with the limited means at his command, have con-
siderably improved."
The evidence of Southern officers might be alone
sufficient to depict Andersonville accurately ; but it
is fair to hear a little of what men who suffered in it
have to say. Dr. A. W. Burrows, of the 27th Massa-
chusetts regiment, was taken prisoner and confined
there. He says that he found his fellow-captives
lying on the ground, the majority without shelter.
Hounds were set on the trail of escaping prisoners,
and in two cases which came under his observation
men were mangled. The matter used for vaccina-
tion was poisonous, and used to result in large sores.
The morals of the prisoners were corrupted by this
cruel treatment. The slops of the cook-house were
thrown into the stream, the water of which the
prisoners had to drink ; human bodies lay some-
times for three days unburied, and in the month of
August (1864) the deaths were 207 in one day.
Rations were stopped for a whole day from the
whole 30,000 prisoners for the offences of a few.
Numbers of witnesses were sworn to the fact that
when they entered the prison their rings and other
trinkets were all taken from them. J. C. Alcock
deposed that he saw Wirtz shoot a prisoner dead
with a revolver because he asked for " a little
fresh air." Martin E. Hogan—l am taking the
evidence quite at random from a pile which lies
before me—swore that the men " lay in their own
filth, calling for water and crying for food," but no
attention was paid them. W. Belcher, 16th Illinois
Cavalry, said " the prisoners were kept in the sun
all day, and were not allowed to procure water. He
heard Wirtz say that he was killing more Yankees
than those who were serving at the front. The
same man said he had seen several men shot for even
stretching their hand beyond the "dead line."
In answer to this, and a mass to the same effect, ,