The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-21 00:00:00

TrifIRSDAY EVE NING, AUGUST 21, 1862

determination—call it, if you will, obstinacy—on
the part of GARIBALDI, the popular movement in
Sicily has still been steadily advancing, is still at
this moment unflinchingly advancing. Its starting
point was, it will be remembered, Corleone. The
last spot reached, according to our latest advices, is
Leonforte. Rumours again were abroad, both on
the Sicilian and the Neapolitan shores of the Straits
of Messina, that GARIBALDI had himself evaded
the vigilance of the Royal troops and the loyal
civilians—crossing over in disguise to Cala-
bria. Sooner or later, we doubt not that
this will prove to be the course pursued by him.
Possibly he is there already, as stated—in Calabria.
Whenever his foot does touch the mainland, be it
to-day, be it to-morrow, it is tolerably certain that
he will be found to stand there by no means lone
and isolated! Leaving one band of followers be-
hind him in Sicily he will find yet other followers
ready to muster under his banners on the Penin-
sula. His, we may rest assured, will not be the
fate of MURAT when landing at Spezzia. lie is not
precisely the man likely to blunder into a" trap," like
that once upon a time prepared, set, and baited at
Boulogne-sur-Mer. GARIBALDI will not fail
through "counting without his host"—for he has his
host around him in Sicily, before him on the main-
land of the Roman Peninsula, in the 25,000,000
Italians! His failure can only result from an error
in jadgment, arising out of a mistake as to the
right time. He is endeavouring to pluck the pear
now before it is ripe. Instead of tarrying still
with:magnanimous patience as of old—as he did until
so very recently—when in the midst of the respectful
homage of the world, like a new CINCINNATUS, he
tended his little farm at Caprera,
biding his time
(the time of Italy !), waiting until the hoar (the
hour) should strike—GARIBALDI has nomrashly
resolved upon precipitating matters ! Itaising up
against himself by this ill-considered temerity—
how many antagonists ? The Turin Government !
Nominally also—King VICTOR EMMANUEL ! The
Royal Army ! The French Division at Rome,
under the Duo DE MONTEBELLO ! Behind that divi-
sion the despotic power of the EMPEROR, the pride
of the Imperial army, the amourpropre of all France !
Austria looking on there to the north all the while
in the background—with 200,000 men well advanced
and strongly posted in the Quadrilateral ready for
the first fitting opportunity! GARIBALDI is potent
in the goad-will of the Italians, but weak, in
a manner, we believe, powerless in the presence of
the overwhelming odds of a vast European an-
tagonism. His error arises from a miscalculation
both of time and of numbers. Good will, never-
theless, come of it all in the end, we are firmly con-
vinced—good that is for Italy and for the Italians !
But—for GARIBALDI?

The Federals appear at last to be engaged in a
double contest—with those who passively resist
the enlisting-sergeant and the tax-gatherer, and
those who too actively resist the Federal armies.
The great difficulty is but beginning, Men in
the North will give their money, but not them-
selves to the war. The very decks of steamers
to Europe are become the scenes of conflict be-
tween the Federal police and Federal subjects. It
is held, now, not a privilege to be a citizen of the
still great Republic. Happy is the man who,
though domiciled long in the States, and having
never intended to return to Europe, has not
aspired to electoral and municipal privileges, but
has remained legally a Briton, a German, or an
Irishman. A proclamation has been necessary to
retain on dry land persons liable to be draughted
to the war, for in the garb of sailors they have
in great numbers preferred, at any sacrifice, to
escape the pestilence of the camps, or the bullets
and, bayonets of LEE and JACKSON. Fights of
civilians with the civil force had become so fre-
quent that permission has to be granted to all
who had secured tickets, previously to the fatal
draughting order, to proceed on their voyage.
Preachers on the dangers, perhaps on the folly of
the war are arising, for those who discourage vo-
lunteering are threatened with arrest We may
expect, therefore, a pretty harvest soon of GRE-
GORYS and GORDONS, such as we adverted to yes-
terday. Citizens liable to draughting who show any
disposition to go to a foreign country, are threatened
with the hardest fate of all. They are to be seized
at once, the Habeas Corpus Act being super-
seded in regard to them, and sent to the
nearest military post to drill ! Mr. LIN-
COLN herein imitating his dear friends the CZAR
and the KAISER, who recruit their armies from the
disaffected. We will hope the result may not be
the same as in Italy, where Austrian officers while
facing the enemy were mysteriously wounded from
behind.

Resistance to the tax-gatherer seems also to be
commencing. After a year and a quarter of war,
that personage is to make his appearance through-
out the Federal States on the Ist of September.
His post has been much coveted. The commence-
ment of the collection was deferred a month that
the new appointments might influence the elections
and command Republican votes; but his work may
not be all pleasure and profit. Indiana, which
ought to be one of the most loyal States, harbours
disloyalty in her bosom. Not fewer, we are in-
formed, than fifteen thousand persons are found to
have formed themselves into a secret society—and
their object is to prevent Federal enlistments, to
resist taxation, and to aid the Confederates gene-
rally. In Missouri the citizens also unite together
but to resist enrolment, is alone specified as their
object. Their resistance is fatally encountered by
the State troops, who seem therefore likely to be
needed for a more domestic and less dangerous
object than that of fighting the Confederates. We
fear that taxation and enrolment together will
materia;ly change the feelings of thousands—
perhaps, of millions. The vast armies already
sent into the field, must have absorbed
nearly all who were willing to fight from temper or
for pay ; the fighting men available must be pro-
\
2rtionately reduced, and though the warlike spirit
may Vrove more extensive than we suppose, it is
most
probable that nearly a second half million—
for that i„ What is
wanted—can never be found as
ready to not
us
behaviour of
the first. Most amusing of all is
the the Irishmen. Like Major
(YEZILLY and ia,. ,
. ' her of Spoleto, they think
pers first law, and they seek
•-
it in such crowds at th
. ()Dal security Tuttutes
"' consulate of " the Sas-
senach,"that the police have •
New York was all emery 8d
to clear the eon-
j‘ England,
as a place
from which to rail
sues t 4office.
in safety at
1(` ngland, but
worshipped
when flag of the old country is almost
when the alternative is to fight for that
of
, the new

1
one.
POPE and JACKSON have at last met. Their
forces, at least, have encountered each other.
The
gallant JACKSON had crossed the
R p iddan , a
and
river about midway between Washingto
a
Rich-
mond, and on which the town of Fredericksburg,
where BURNSIDE has arrived, is situated further
down to the East. General POPE was operating on
the front and West, from Warrenton. Probably
JACKSON wished to prevent the co-operation of the
two Generals; and Porn Was near enough to advance
two army corps to meet him, who are
said to have
numbered 7,000 men, while old Stonewall
Thad 20,000. It is impossible, however, to

SUN, itiONI)ON

place the slightest coinfidence in Federal military
figures. Judging by the analogy between former
Federal accounts, and the facts which have afterwards
transpired, POPE'S advanced corps met with a
thorough defeat. Such is the interpretation to be
naturally put on the facts stated, that the battle
lasted from three p.m. till dark—that the result
was the retirement of the Federals beyond the
range of the Confederate guns, and their leaving
two of their own guns with the latter, while the
corps are represented as being " badly cut up." If
we interpret such Northern statements as but a
small part of the worst truth, Mr. STANTON and his
system with the telegraph and press must bear the
blame, That later reports represent the Confede-
rates as :recrossing the Rapiddan River, their
loss heavy in the fight, that but one gun was lost,
and that the Federals were punning, does not alter
our impression from the first, probably more honest,
telegrams. The action is not one probably of much
military importance, but it sustains the prestige of
Southern generalship and Southern fighting. The
other encounters near Richmond are both less in-
telligible and less important
The most painful fact is, that the temper of both
sides becomes increasingly savage. The well-known
feelings evoked by quarrels between those who
ought never to quarrel, are appearing in full
vigour. We read of a Federal General being
ma
to be. The
, where the inhabitants
rightlittleaba
cowardly
assassinatethought
he
ed h
aidn
act is revenged by hanging seventeen civilians for
the murder of one soldier, and wasting the country
round for miles with fire and sword ! General
POPE'S orders to adopt the cruel policy of the first
NAPOLEON, of making the invaded country bear the
cost of war, and to plunder from private individuals
such supplies as the army might require, has called
forth, and quite reasonably, a retaliatory order
from JEFFERSON DAVIS. It applies to POPE'S
army only, and not even to his privates, as they are
but men acting under orders; the Generals POPE
and STEINWEHR, and all commissioned officers
under their command, are not to be considered
soldiers, or entitled to the benefit of cartel, if taken
prisoners. They are, if captured, to be confined, so
that if any unarmed Southern citizens are mur-
dered under any pretext by the Federals, they may
be shot, in retaliation, by the Confederate General-
in-Chief. There seems every probability that the
longer the war lasts the more savage it will be-
come. American commanders are, above all others,
headstrong ; and what Mr. LINCOLN, both from
disposition and policy, would never sanction, these
men at a distance from home will glory in doing as
their own a3ts.

From the South-West there is not much infor-
mation. The brave little Arkansas, we are in-
formed, has shared the fate of its greater predecessor
the Merrimac, it has been blown up. The siege of
Vicksburg has to be finally abandoned, and General
BUTLER at New Orleans is said to be in danger,
and, like all the Federal Generals, is demanding re-
inforcements. Indeed, on these the vigorous prose-
cution of the war by the Federals seems altogether
to depend. How they will be supplied is the grand
question. Some States have furnished their quota,
but nearly everywhere they hang back. When
they are obtained they must at first be but ineffi-
cient soldiers ; and Americans, if procured by
draughting against their will, must prove the most
inefficient of all men. Sovereigns do not understand
coercion and fighting their battles in person.
Altogether things look a shade darker for the Fede-
rals. Their conscription terrifies aliens, puts to
flight all who can make off, and arouses resistance
to its demands, while the military movements, so
far as we can learn the truth, seem tu bu iuudt
,favourable to the South.

INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.

The number of visitors at the Exhibition yesterday was—
By season tickets ....
Ditto, shilling
By payment

Total

UNITED STATES MAILS.—The Inman steamship
City of Washington sailed yesterday from Liverpool for
New York. Besides the United States mails, she took out
a full cargo, and had upwards of 100 cabin passengers on
board.

--
GOVERNMENT IMMIGRATION AGENTS.—There are
in the Australian colonies 10 Immigration Agents; in the
North American colonies eight, and also four deputy trea-
surers who act as agents for the present; in the West In-
dies 11, at the Cape of Good Hope four, whose.duty it is to
afford gratuitously to immigrants every assistance in their
power by way of advice and information as to the districts
where employment can be obtained most readily, and upon
the most advantageous terms, and also as to the best mode
of reaching such districts.

TURNOUT OF SPINNERS AT BLACHBURN.-011
Monday afternoon the operative spinners in the employ of
Messrs. Hopwood and Sons, Nova Scotia Mill, Blackburn,
after holding a meeting on the premises, complained of the
bad quality of the material which they were spinning, and
asked for increased pay for working it. As the mayor (Mr.
R. H. Hutchinson) was from home, his manager tried to
persuade them to continue at work until he should return
at the end of the week. They declined to do so, and in
consequence of what passed the mill was entirely closed on
Tuesday, and will, in all probability, remain so until the
return of Mr. Hutchinson. By this means about fifty
spinners have caused about 400 persons to be thrown out
of work.

THE NEWCASTLE MURDER.—In the case of the
fatal outrage committed en Saturday last, on the old man
Patrick Rogers, otherwise known as Needle Jack, at New-
castle, the inquest was held on Tuesday evening. Having
heard the circumstances of the brutal occurrence detailed at
length before them, the jury returned a verdict of wilful
murder against Thomas Miller and John Dixon, the per-
petrators of the heartless deed, Mr. Hoyle, the coroner, re-
marking that it was competent for the court above to reduce
the crime to one of a less serious hue. The prisoners ap-
pear utterly indifferent to the painful nature of their posi-
tion.—Newcastle Chroniele.

ANOTHER MELANCHOLY HOMICIDE BY A CHILD.
—Another painful case of the death of a little boy from the
violence of another child was investigated by Mr, John
Humphreys, one of the Middlesex coroners, at a late hour
last night at the Hen Tavern, St. Luke's. It appeared from
the evidence that the deceased, Walter Elgrave, aged four
years, was the son of a cabinetmaker, residing at Willow-
walk, and that on Saturday last he had a quarrel with his
sister Elizabeth, aged five years, about a ball. In his rage
he snatched up a fork and threw it at her head, and she in
return seized a sharpened file used as a boring tool, and
hurled it at him. Unfortunately the missile struck the poor
child on the head, penetrating the skull and covering him
with blood. Dr. Bletchley was called in, but though every-
thing possible was done to save the child's life, death took
place shortly after from injury to the brain. The children
of the family, it appeared, were in the constant habit of
throwing knives and other dangerous implements at each
other. The Coroner said that though the girl Elizabeth
was too young to be criminally responsible for the death of
the deceased, the parents were much to blame in the matter,
and the jury returned a verdict of " Death from injuries to
the head, inflicted by a certain tool, by deceased's sister,
and that the parents are severely reprehensible for allow-
ing their children to throw dangerous implements at one
another."

SERIOUS DISASTER TO A MANUFACTURING TOWN
rx FRANCE.—The Journal de Toulouse gives an account of
a dreadful catastrophe which has just befallen the manu-
facturing town of Mazamet. A dreadful storm broke over
the town and neighbourhood, by night, and the rain fell in
torrents. The river Arnette soon after suddenly rose to a
height of more than 30 feet, bringing down with it, in its
torrent, trunks of trees, beams of houses, furniture, cattle,
&c. The violence of the water was such that it swept every-
thing before it. Fve houses and several bridges were
washed away ; and several rods which led to the different
manufactories, supplied with water power by the river,
were completely torn up. Upwards of 30 spinning mills
are thus placed in a state of inaction from which they will
not recover for some time, as all the sluices and other works
on the river have been destroyed. Part of the buildings
belonging to one large manufactory at Mazamet have been
washed away. The foreman of the establishment, with his
wife and four children, ware drowned. A young workman,
who was in the street, was also carried away by the torrent
and perished. All the bodies have since been found.
Almost all the houses in the town were inundated to the
depth:of several feet. The loss caused by this calamity is
immense.

PROSPECTS OF THE ENGLISH SHOOTING SEASON.
—From what we can learn from game preservers there are
bp brat fow young partridgeri
part of the breeding season many died from disease, and the
late eggs were in several instances left unhatched, and bar-
ren birds were more frequently seen than ever remembered
in any previous summer. There will be a fair show of
pheasants, and plenty of hares. It must be impossible for
any one to say what game is upon the lands while the
crops are standing, and as the harvest is late sportsmen will
find it necessary to defer the shooting for a week or a fort-
night.—Bury Post.
ANGLING EXTRAORDINARY.—The Honourable
Mr. Denison, brother of the Speaker of the House of Com-
mons, who has been staying in the Caledonian Hotel for
some time past, had a tough battle with a large salmon on
Friday and Saturday last in the Holm Pool, and in which
he experienced the worst of the encounter. About six in
the evening, whilst fishing at this part of the Ness, he
hooked a salmon, which he knew to be of immense size.
The fish at once turned tail, and ran down the river, pur-
sued by the angler and an assistant. He took refuge in
deep water, and the line being hauled in, an attempt was
made to seize him with the gaff, but in vain, for in a mo•
ment he had darted off in the contrary direction, and com-
ing to a stop, lay sulkily at the bottom of the water. The
gaff was again tried, and with a similar result. This game
continued till evening set in, the pursuit of the salmon be-
ing joined in by a brother angler, but all the efforts were
used in vain. Determined not to lose the prize if possible,
Mr. Denison kept the fish on his line during the whole
night, and did not lose hold of it till 4 o'clock on Saturday
morning, at which hour, in making one of its sudden darts,
the line, in runnirg out, got entangled about the person of
the angler, broke in twain, and the fish was free, after a
battle of ten hours! The fish is believed to be one of the
largest ever seen in the Ness, and could not be less than
501 b. in weight.—lnverness Advertiser.

THE STORM IN ALGERIA.—The storm which
burst over the town of Algiers on Sunday, the 10th inst., as
previously mentioned, came from the north-east, and was
one of the most disastrous ever experienced in Algeria.
The thick walls of the military hospital of the Dey were
split down in several places. Mattresses were lifted up and
carried a distance of 150 yards. The dormitory of the
Sister s of Charity was completely destroyed, and all the fig,
orange, and lemen trees in the garden were torn up by the
roots. The damage to the hospital is estimated at more
than 40,000 f. In the establishment of the Messageries-
Generales 20 stage coaches were crushed to pieces by the
falling of the roof. Several private houses have been so
much shaken that the inhabitants have found it necessary
to quit them. The Marengo Garden has been laid waste,
and presents a doleful spectacle. The magnificent covered
walk between the large pond and the bust of Napoleon I.
no longer exists. All the large trees which afforded such
an agreeable shade are either broken or split, Nothing re-
mains of them but the roots. It was precisely at 12 o'clock
that the hurricane burst. The clouds were black as ink,
and the storm was succeeded by rain which fell in cataracts.
The wife of a commissary of police was killed by the fall-
ing of a beam. Her death was instantaneous. Several per-
sons were severely wounded, having their legs or arms
broken. All this destruction was accomplished in less than
20 minutes.

ITALIANS OF THE NORTH AND SOUTH.—ltaly,
like the sometime United States of America, may be divided
into two grand sections, presenting many obvious contrasts.
"The North" and "the South" are terms having a Trans-
alpine as well as a Transatlantic signification, only with this
vast difference—that the tendency of the two bodies in the
one case is to cohesion, and in the other to separation.
Yet in Italy there is in some respects a much more strongly
marked distinction between the North and the South
than exists in America. The original Italic stock
in the North has been greatly and most advan-
tageously qualified by the influx of Gothic races—the very
bone and sinew of the modern world; the men of Naples
and Sicily are in some measure Greek in their origin, (and,
though not without a Gothic infusion (for the Vandals,
Normans, and Suabians have been there) have received
a large element of Oriental and semi-Oriental blood,
which they seem to have assimilated with greater
readiness than the Teutonic. Their Greek ancestry
should have made them great; but the Hellenes have not
shone in the modern world, and they ceased to be the
dominant race even in ancient times. The Greeks of the
present day exhibit something, of an Asiatic character ;
and the Neapolitans and Sicilians bear a strong family like-
ness. On the other hand, the contrast between the latter and
the Northern Italians is most palpable. Though the lax-
guag,e spoken by Lombard or Tuscan and by a Neapolitan
or Sicilian are both dialects of Italian, they aro so dissimilar
that an uneducated man from the one part of the country
is absolutely unable to understand the speech of those
belonging to the other part. The personal characteristics
of the two races are equally distinct. Neither can claim
a monopoly of good qualities ; but the North is certainly
far more energetic, strong, educated, and self-reliant,
than the South, and is, therefore, fitter for freedom
and self-government. Cavour saw and expressed the truth in
those dying words of his, when he said that the Neapolitans
must be taught morality, and be educated ; but that, in the
meanwhile, it was of no use to revile them. They are the
children of a long succession of Governments incalculably
vicious and degrading, aid it is to their credit that they
have come no Worse out of the trial,—Dickfna's All the
Year ,Round."

LATEST NEWS.

CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

NEW YORK, AUG. 12 (Evening).
(Per Etna via Roche's Point.)

Late reports from Virginia Valley, dated to-day,
say that the Confederates retreated from Cedar
Mountain under cover of the night. Their rear
crossed the Rappidan in the direction of Orange
Court-house. The Federal cavalry and artillery'
were in pursuit.

It is said that the Confederate loss in the late
fight was heavy. The Federals lost only one gun.
The draughting order causes immense excite-
ment throughout the United States,especially among
naturalized citizens. Immense numbers are endea-
vouring to escape by all available routes, but the
frontiers and seaboard are strictly guarded.
Californian passengers have been taken from the
steamers, but persons arrested while leaving may
be released on giving bonds for 1,000 dols. each to
provide a substitute if draughted.
The Consulates are crowded with applicants for
exemption papers. The rush of Irishmen at the
British Consulate at New York was so great that
the police had to clear the office.
No person is allowed to leave Washington with-
out a permit.