The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-17 00:00:00

to end in a second siege of Washington by the enemy.
The four States do not equal by one-fourth the
population of the Empire State, but they are
States whose inhabitants are men of mettle, and
each sends as many senators to Congress as Mr. LIN-
COLN'S own great State. We have no information
yet of the result of their deliberations, but it is ob-
vious that the States are beginning to feel it neces-
sary to act for themselves. These four States are
all of them, we believe, strongly in favour of the
emancipation policy. Mr. LINCOLN has done a few
things in-that direction to please them, and in ac-
cordance with his understood personal inclinations;
but on the whole he has deferred to Kentucky and
the Border States. He always shrank from offend-
ing Kentucky. His reward is that the Confede-
rates have nearly driven out of it the Government
favourable to the Union.

It is plain that the pro-slavery policy of the
PRESIDENT has thus far utterly failed. It was a
policy forced on him by the public feeling of the
North, and it has brought its reward in the shape
of a slaveholders' army once more at the gates
of Washington. But why is it there ? Solely be-
cause slaves do the masters' work at home, and
allow every adult Southerner to he a soldier if he
likes. The mean whites—a race of idle vagabonds
—have no better sport than to fight for good pay,
and the slaveholders have no greater pleasure than
in finding them a job far away from their estates.
The opposite policy it may be now too late to try.
The slaves have had too plain proof that the North
is not composed of Abolitionists, to be much con-
cerned which shall conquer. It might be difficult
now to get into the Southern States the knowledge
of any change of Northern sentiment, should such
change occur. Bat even more difficult would it
be to gain the confidence of the negroes. There
is not, in the North, the basis for it. A really
Liberal paper in America writes thus on the fifth
of August—we beg our readers to read the extract
carefully :

" While we observe with pleasure the daily increasing
anti-slavery sentiment of the North, it is painful to wit-
ness, also, the intense negro hate which gleams forth in
the midst of threats of abolition. At the great Cincinnati
meeting, where 50,000 men were assembled, Gen. Lew.
Wallace declared that slavery was a great element of
strength to the South, as we were now finding out to our
eost, and insisted on its overthrow. If slavery is the basis
of this rebellion,' said he, why in God's name do we not
knock away the base from under it ?' And yet he talks of
the negro in language fit only for a pirate.
" I heartily despise the negro race. I can't help it. I
never see a negro pass me in the street without thinking,
There stalks the cause of all this trouble. I never will per-
mit him to be placed on equality with white men ; it

never shall be done ; I will fight myself, if it ever
comes to that. (Loud and prolonged cheering.) . . . In
times of great excitement like the present, a simple preju-
dice may do an immense amount of evil. A greased car-
tridge produced the Sepoy rebellion. But notwithstanding
all these prejudices that have been instilled into the minds
of some of our boys, when our troops are worn out with
fighting against surior forces, when outnumbered and cut
to pieces, with every hops gone, and nothing but destruction
staring them in the face, then, I say, if white men should
hear the sweet music of the rifle, even though in nigger
hands, they would like it amazingly, and be wonderfully
glad of it. Now, then, I have done with the nigger, and I
am heartily glad of it—thoroughly glad of it, I assure you.' "
This speech tells the whole story of the failure of
the North. It " heartily despises the negro race."
It boasts of it. Rather than be outnumbered,
cut to pieces, and destroyed, it would put rifles
into negro hands, till then, like Mr. LINCOLN, it
would strip the Union uniform from off their
backs. How can the slaves rise for a negro-
hating people—why should they not rather work
on for masters who must at least take some care
of such costly " cattle." England has warned the
North often enough of the consequences of fight-
ing for Empire instead of fighting for Freedom.
The North seems now likely to find our warnings
facts.

It is exactly what we have been dreading.
GARIBALDI is now acknowledged from Turin to
be " worse" in health instead of better. The one
ominous line in the telegram to-day, announcing
this to be the fact, according to the latest informa-
tion from the Gulf of Spezzia, will only be, to a
vast number, we believe, no less than it has been
to ourselves, the fulfilment of a most melancholy
anticipation. Cannot something more be done—
than has already been done—towards the practi-
cal evidencing of the sympathy of England in
regard to the Hero now stretched upon his couch
of suffering at Varignano ? A meeting is talked
of as in preparation here in London--a Monster
Meeting let us hope it may be—a meeting as
numerous as it is certain to be enthusiastic. If
promptly convened, at some suitable rendezvous, at
the London Tavern, or, better still, at the Guild-
hall, we are perfectly satisfied that even now, at
this holiday time of the year, when the metropolis
is tolerably well emptied of the Upper Ten Thou-
sand, and of many thousands, also, of the more
well•to-do representatives of The Million, we are
perfectly well satisfied that even now, in the middle
of September, that an immense gathering of influ-
ential people and their supporters might be col-
lected at a very short notice, indeed, upon the
simple announeemenv that Englishmen were in-
vited to express their sympathy for General
GARIBALDI. Newcastle—Gateshead—Sunderland
—have recently one after another been setting us
Londoners an example in this matter; and an
example it is that try-day's Telegram reminds us
we ought certainly to follow up now as promptly
as may in any way be practicable.
Before Professor PARTRIDGE can reach his desti-
nation, this alarming intimation—an intimation
doubly alarming seeing that it comes to us by way
of Turio—acquaints us with the unwelcome truth
that GARIBALDI'S health shows no improvement
whatever. On the contrary, that it is clearly,
unmistakeably, undeniably worse. The Patient
being at the same time under the malign
influence of a variety of viiry
obvious
disadvantages.
GARIBALDI, for one thing, is
no longer a young man. He is already some years
past the meridian of life. He is getting within
view of old age. The grey streaks are gleaming in
among his hair every month more perceptibly—his
hair itself thinning fast, and his once vigorous and
limber, if not athletic, frame becoming appreciably
every day more and more weak and attenuated.
His generous affections, his noble ambition, his
feelings always intense, his mind and heart always
sensitive, even in the calmness of the one and the
strength of
profound and
the other, with the sensitiveness of a
exquisite susceptibility—affections,
ambition, feelin
gB, mind, heart, they have all
recently undergotae a very terrible, and all
but overwhelming shock. It is more than
a rifle ball that h,„
tornthtehe flneesrhvesanodf
shattered the bones and tortured
GARIBALDI. Hceret lateri lethalis arundo—and
all the more bitter is the a _ .
pettish caused by this
any rate of a.y
arrow of a Nation's Ingratitude, at
King's Ingratitude, winging its way
straight
towards the Hero's Great and Noble Heart, because
of that thought so often before now brooded over
by others, but never more mournfully, We
may be
certain, than in this signally afflicting instance,
that thought yet—

• • . keener far to feel,

He nursed the pinion that impelled the steel."
Borne down by his inner sense of this heinous crime
of the ingratitude of Italy, of the Italian King, of the

Italian Government, borne down by these reflec-
tions far more than by any physical anguish or bodily
prostration, GARIBALDI—we have every reason to
fear—is in great peril of dying in consequence
of the wounds inflicted upon him by the soldiers
of Italy, by the soldiers of VICTOR EMMANUEL, on
that fatal Calabrian height of Aspromonte ! Our
one immediate consolation while saying this is,
not unnaturally, the remembrance of the fact
that medical aid from England is now
fast approaching the prison fortress of Varignano.
Sustained, thus, in some measure in the midst of
our fears for the life of this great man—infamously
treated by his ungrateful Government, and we must
in simple, honest truth say also by his ungrateful
SOVEREIGN—we recall to mind with a poignant
sense of indignation, at the same time, that for the
wounds inflicted upon GARIBALDI (wounds now
threatening, at least one of them, to be mortal), for
this cruel treatment of the Hero of Italy, the
Colonel of the victorious Bersaglieri (victorious,
save the mark !) was at once promoted to be what he
is now—General PALLAVICINI. The thought of
that shameful promotion of an officer in the Italian
Army, for doing what is recognised now seriously
to have endangered the life of General GARI-
BALDI, is almost intolerable, when it is coupled with
the thought of what is occurring in that sick room
in the fortress of Varignano! What possibly can
be said, however, of the astounding announcement,
the almost incredible announcement, given to the
world, through the columns of the Correspondance
.Francoltalienne? Namely, that the late Colonel,
the now General EMILIO PALLAVICINI, of
Aspromonte notoriety, has been rewarded
for his exploit in the Calabrias by his nomi-
nation by the Emperor NAPOLEON as a Knight
Commander of the Legion of Honour. Hardly (we
cannot but feel) is this to be believed! Supposing
it were to prove actually to be the case, it would be
an outrage to the right feeling and public sense of
decency throughout all Europe. It is incredible,
nevertheless, that a shrewd, keen-witted man like
the present Ruler of France could so gratuitously
and flagrantly outrage Public Opinion throughout
Europe by transmitting a reward of this kind to the
leader of the Italian soldiers who shot down GARI-
BALDI at Aspromonte.

The members for Oxfordshire have just now been
starring it at Woodstock. Last evening a grand
banquet was, to this end, given to those
gentlemen, in the Town Hall of Wood-
stock. The occasion which afforded the opportu-
., nity for this demonstration being, the recurrence
of the annual Woodstock Horticultural and Agri-
cultural Society's Show—a show witnessed in Blen-
heim Park, thanks to the courteous permission of the
Duke of MARLBOROUGH. It is hardly necessary
to say, in regard to the guests in whose honour
especially this banquet of yesterday was given, that
the place of honour was by very general consent
accorded—we might say, as a matter of course—to
Mr. HENLEY. And this not by any means whatever
as that right honourable gentleman himself
in no affected modesty (for there is not a particle
of affectation of any sort or kind about
him), but in his blunt simplicity—would
have us believe, because, as he expresses it, he
has lost the opportunity of serving the country
for a longer period than his gallant colleagues.
Nothing of the kind, Mr. HENLEY : don't believe
it ! The reason Mr. HENLEY'S name is regarded
with so much favour far beyond the borders of
Oxfordshire, why his career in Parliament and
in office is looked upon with peculiar respect
by men of all parties and of all shades of
political opinion, is—much more than the reason
given by Mr. HENLEY himself—the opinion of Col.
NORTH, one of these same colleagues of Mr. HENLEY
in the representation of Oxfordshire. Alluding to
the opportunities he himself had had of observing
the right hon. gentleman's conduct in the House of
Commons, Colonel NORTH said last evening towards
the close of this banquet at Woodstock—(and in
saying what follows, what Liberal, what Whig, or
Radical amongst us all shall assert that the gallant
colleague of Mr. HENLEY spoke in any respect
extravagantly ?)—that " he believed that no county
was more honestly and more ably represented
than was Oxfordshire by his right hon. friend
Mr_ HENLEY. Those whom he now addressed
should not forget that when he (Mr. HENLEY)
was the distinguished member of the Govern- ,

ment he did not hesitate one moment to give
up office rather that assist in carrying a measure
in which he could not honestly agree. In the
House of Commons there were constantly brought
under consideration questions the details of which
it was not easy to master, and in respect of which
there was considerable difference of opinion. On
such occasions he had always found himself able to
adopt the course taken by his right hon. friend;
because he found invariably that the conduct of
Mr. HENLEY was dictated by honour and honesty,
and was such as tended to promote the best interests
of his constituents." It is the sterling honesty of
the man that is the secret of his popularity--
seasoned and flavoured, as that honsety is, with a
blunt, racy humour, always the especial delight
of Englishmen, but particularly so when it
is (as in Mr. HENLEY'S instance) spontaneously
indulged in as the natural mode of expres-
sion of a keen wit, and of an integrity of
principle beyond the reach even of a doubt as to

its being just and truthful! "Stiff in opinion,"
Mr. HENLEY invariably is—but, Tory though he
be to the marrow of his bones, he is not by any
means " Always in the wrong !" For from this—
often, as many of the Liberals, both within and
without the House of Commons, will frankly ad-
mit, often hitting the right nail on the bead, and,
when so hitting it, driving
.it well home with
a good sledge-hammer blow.

According to a contemporary, nothing more is
requisite to placing English artillery above that of
all the world,than that Mr. WHITWORTH should—
put on Sir WM. ARMSTONG'S breeches ! With such
a combination we are told that "England would
possess ordnance which might defy the iron fleets
and iron forts of all the world."

The experiments at Shoeburyness yesterday do
really seem to warrant some such conclusion. They
bean with the celebrated " Mersey " or "HORS-
FALL" gun, which has lain neglected much too long.
This monster gun is capable of throwing a 3001 b.
shot; yesterday it threw one of 2701 b., with
a charge of 75Ibs. of powder, against a
Warrior target of 41 inch plates, with
18 inches of wood behind them, and from the
usual distance of 200 yards. As was expected, it
went clean through the whole. Artillerists, there.
fore, have now made it certain that they can pierce
any amount of plating which a ship can carry at
sea by heavy shot, large charges, and high velo-
clties. The question, however, what the Mersey
gun could do at 1,000 yards from the Spithead
ship, is of course
left untouched.
forts, if it could hit the moving

But Mr. WHITWORTH'S experiments with his
flat-fronted hardened shells were yet more import-
ant. With his twelve-pounder he sent the shell
through a 2* inch iron-plating, such as is used
on :many continental gunboats, the shells
bursting throug'n or in the target. But his 701bs.
shell went completely through a four inch plate and
nine
-inches of oak, and exploded between that and