The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-28 00:00:00

NEW APPLICATIPN OF NOVEL IDEAS.

(From the New York Times, Oct. 10.)
Colorado, as well as Connecticut, has
decision against negro suffrage. This Circumstance has
led a cotemporary, possessed of very extreme views on the
question of negro voting, to take ground against the ad-
mission of Colorado into the Union, for which application
the
e United
Union,ihteerd States
it i s ofS prosperity,e
infinitely
ate, that she should
or for the balance of
will be made at the forthcoming session
of Congress.
"The admission of Colorado," we are told, "now becomes
analogous to that of any of the rebel States ; and, however
bldesirableosy received
elcpowerei vei
dt mayintoi
n t
hb e fort
con-
sequence for the nation to determine its political creed
and rule of action." " The issue has been made ' • we hope
it will not be dodged by Congress, and that the Territory
will remain as it is (a Territory) until it is ready to exe-
cute justice among all its citizens."
The above is a strictly correct application of the argu-
ments of the political school which would prevent the
sheo Mdoiesssisnsoipt pgiiv may
athye be excluded
from ballot to the
Southern States resuming their places in the councils of
the nation until they shall have established negro suffrage.
If theoltengprreesssebenteaati:sreesf
blacks, then the same discipline should be applied to
Colorado on the same ground ; and the same arguments
by which Mr. Sumner has urged this course toward the
States of the South, will apply with equal force to the new
States of the West. If the constitutional provision, which
requires that a republican form of government shall be
guaranteed to all the States, implies universal suffrage as
a necessary incident, then every State which has been ad-
mitted into the Union since the formation of the constitu-
tion, has been unconstitutionally admitted. The last
Congress admitted the Representatives of the now State
of Nevada—which adjoins Colorado—to the House and
Nevada should have been kept
the Senate, though Nevada absolutely denies the right of
suffrage to the large Asiatic element of her population. On
the grounds now urged,
out till sho allowed the Chinese to vote ; Kansas should
have been kept out till she allowed the Indians to vote;
and thus we might multiply illustrations. It is quite cer-
tain that Congress will take no such novel position, nor
sanction such untenable doctrines, in their application to
any part of tho country.

The tanks of the largest fl owing well on Pithole,
Pa., known as "Grant," containing 4,000 barrels of oil, took
fire on the Gth inst., spreading destruction in all directions.
Thirteen derricks and engine houses on leases covering
five acres of ground were consumed, but fortunately no
lives were lost. The total loss will reach 4100,000.

"The party of English capitalists, comprising Sir Mor-
ton Peto, M.P., Mr James M'Henry, and others interested.
in American railway enterprise, have now to a great ex-
tent completed their original programme. They have
traversed between three and four thousand miles of rail
road, they have passed through some of the richest and
most extensive States in the Union, and they have had
opportunities, of which they have freely availed themselves,
of studying their resources, of seeing with their own eyes
the remarkable prosperity of the people, the extent of their
intercourse with each other, and the impediments which
yet obstruct the growth of intercommunication. Five
States have been traversed, each one larger than a Euro-
pean kingdom, and each abounding with all sorts of
natural wealth, waiting for the hand of industry for its
proper development. In those states an active, intelligent,
and enterprising population has been found, the highest
spirit of independence, justly proud of the wonderful
resources of their country, and universally animated by a
desire to tliffuse, through the instrumentality of trade,
their productions throughout their own and other lands.
It was with a general view to promote and encourage this
object that this English visit was made to the United States.
It was with this view that a progress was made through
the wide and fertile regions of the West. It may safely be
asserted that the visit has in every sense proved most
successful, and that, like bread cast upon the waters, it
will in due time yield most important results—not the least
of which will be the mutually increasing feelings of respect
and admiration between the peoples of the United States
and Great Britain * * * * * If this visit has demon-
strated one thing more clearly than another it is this—
ho %cover imperfect in tlittr-adjuncts the railroads of
America are in relation to the duties thrown upon them,
the railroads themselves are insufficient for the wants of the
country. Their number and capacity are far below the
natural expansion of trade. The industrial productions of
the country are increasing in a far greater ratio than the
means for their conveyance into the interior and to the
sea-board. The towns of St. Louis, Chicago, Toledo,
Cleveland, and Buffalo, to say nothing of the great cities
to the south and to the north-east, are increasing their
productions to an incredible extent, and it is a common
complaint that the railway outlets of the West towards
the European markets are insufficient. The West, indeed,
everywhere presents a wonderful picture of activity, in
combination with natural resources. Not only is there a
' marvellous trade in grain, not only is there an extraordi-
nary commerce in cattle and lumber, but great industries
are springing up in all directions, in connection with the
metals, and manufactories are numerous in connection with
labour-saving inventions. At Cleveland and Buffalo there
are ironworks which rival any in England, while the At-
lantic and Great Western, the Erie, and various other
railroad companies, possess vast workshops for the manu-
facture and repair of engines and carriages, employing
thousands of men who every year are attaining greater
perfection. Whilst producing the finest grain in such pro-
fusion that no country in the world need fear a scarcity,
the West is beginning to turn its attention to the culture
of the grape, with the view to a great trade in wine. The
finest qualities of champagne can be produced, and are
now being produced, and hereafter they will compete with
those of France. With an immense production of grain,
and an enormous trade in pork and beef, with rapidly
extending manufactories of all sorts, and with a capacity
for indefinitely extending each and all of these fields as
the population increases, it is not surprising that the West
should look into the future, and demand an expansion of
railroad accommodation in something like proportion to
the constancy of its growth. It is therefore intended by
the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad Company to
meet this demand by carrying the broad gauge up to Chi-
cago, with a double track, to run four trains daily between
that city and New York ; and on thoi' eastern side Buffalo
is to be further accommodated by a direct line in connec-
tion with the International Bridge, which will furnish
another bond of harmony between Canada and the United
States. It is also in contemplation immediately to double
track the company's line between Meadville and Salamanca,
by which the wonderful trade of the Pennsylvanian oil
regions will be partially relieved from the inconvenience
of delays in the transmission of their products to the foreign
as well as the home markets. These contemplated measures
will involve improtements in the means of access to New
York. The directors of the Erie line are alive to the
necessity of them, and they will bo made as they are
wanted, but it seems probable that before very long the
commerce of the West will require even more than the
additional accommodation that appears to be now designed
for it. It will be readily inferred from what has been said
that the railroad interests of America will need additional
capital, and that soon. Considerable demands may there-
fore be expected to be made upon the British an Conti-
nental markets on this behalf. Among others the Yi tlantic
and Great Western will present a claim of more than
ordinary promise. That line, along with its connections,
supplies an unbroken gauge for more than 1,200 miles from
New York to St Louis. It will shortly give the advantage
of the same unbroken gauge to Chicago on one side of the
Great Lake system, and to Buffalo on the other; while
from each of those points there is already a constant stream
of goods and passenger traffic to an amount that must be
Incredible to those who have not had the advantage of
seeing it. By and bye the entire system of this great
undertaking will be fully developed, and when it is, it is no
exaggeration to say that it will be the finest on the Ameri-
can continent. And not only will it be the finest, but it
must of necessity be one of the most permanently remu-
nerative, because it will bo the trunk line not only front
the lakes to the sea, but from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
At no part of the system when completed will there be a
change of gauge. All merchants will appreciate the
economy of a route by which their goods will be conveyed
to their destination without a change of trucks; and the
travelling public generally are not less alive to the conve-
nience of beginning and ending their journeys in the same
carriage. In asking the European public for additional
capital, the-promoters of American railroad enternrise aro
only doing that which might have been expecied from
them, and that also which the interests of general trade
absolutely require. The war, now happily over, has
rendered the people of the United States more commercial
and more pacific than ever. Not a trace of its effects, either
in temper or in resources, are to be seen in any of the great
cities. Temper is not embittered, nor are its resources
impaired ; and there is a universal desire to cultivate the
remunerative occupations of peace. If it be asked why
the people on the spot do not more largely invest in their
own railroads, the answer is that they have largely invested
in them, but that the necessity for railroads in so vast
a country is growing more rapidly than its surplus capital.
Agricultural and commercial pursuits pay .so well that
there is naturally tr, dispoTitlon to employ capital in them
in preference to using it in occupations such as railroads,
where it would be fixed. In other words, the circum-
stances of the United States are such that surplus capital
investmentsekitwshreertelsrninfrEomnglanitseeks athraett
iummarrobem
increasing, but the mode of obtaining a return from it
fixed investments. In both countries wealth is constantly
Eng-
lish railroad system is, practically, completed; that of the
United States is in its infancy. But as the. investment of
differs according to the circumstances of each. The t°
floating,se
surplus means in England has long been. in railroad secu-
eparlelfeedrs
rities, which, while as safe as public stocks, pay better
than public stocks, so it is perfectly natural, now that the
English system is substantially filled up, that surplus
capital should incline towards American railroad securities,
which are quite as safe as our own, and generally fully as
remunerative. For English capital not to avail itself of
openings in the United States would be simply to let
favourable opportunities pass unprofitably by."