The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-14 00:00:00

idle man, because to the latter temptations present
themselves on every side, while to the former they
can only creep up through his business. It is on
this principle that the managers of our reforma-
tories very wisely act, and children who have only
learned to use and to abuse their mental powers,
are taught how to employ their physical capacities
in a manner conducive to the health of both body
and soul. The effects may not always be so cheering
as Lord BROUGHAM believed when he said that " the
first offence wisely treated became the last offence,"
though Archbishop MANNING states that his experi—
once as avisitor to the reformatory at Hammersmith
had confirmed it; but it is morally certain to produce
some good effects. Were there but a remote chance
of reclaiming 1 per cent., instead of the almost cer-
tainty of a much larger proportion, it would be a
public duty to give these children every chance ; and
when we find that the cost of the reformatory is so
much less than that of the prison, it silences the ob-
jection which might otherwise be raised to taxing the
honest for the benefit of the guilty. The degrees
of guilt and of temptation we cannot measure, but
we can at least see that the juvenile offenders of
our criminal classes have much to plead in answer
to our charges against them ; and when wise and
good men have succeeded after much labour in
getting a practical and successful reformatory
system into good working order, let it not be said
of England that she suffered the work to languish
for want of means.

Austria and Prussia certainly monopolise the
attention of Europe at this time, and something
new and startling seems always on the lapis with
respect to their affairs. Hungary has been most
completely mismanaged and greatly ill-treated by
the Government of the EMPEROR, and, notwith-
standing all that we have heard of more liberal
politics prevailing, there is no proof as yet furnished
of their being put into practice. The Croatian
Diet was opened yesterday. The Government
Commissioner made various announcements, but
none were of a very reassuring 'character. He
communicated to the Diet the October Diploma and
the February Patent, and advised the assembly to take
into consideration the question of a "Parliamentary
union between Austria and Croatia." The matter has
been decided upon with the consent of the Diet to all
intents and purposes, for the Emperor of AUSTRIA
will shortly be crowned King of Hungary and
Croatia, and the Diet are requested to send repre-
sentatives to the ceremony. When the " constitu-
tional relations" of Croatia to the Central Austrian
Government have been definitively settled, the
future regulation of the Dalmatian Administration
will be discussed, but not before. All this seems
but a continuation of the arbitrary arrangements
and mysterious machinations by which for a long
time the Government of Austria have contrived
to put all things under their rule and
management, but we seek in vain for any
certain indication of an independent system
being inaugurated. All is pretension and promise,
but we may be sure that the result will show that
they are sham and not substance, and that expec-
tations of a change for the better will not be
realised.

In Hungary no reliance whatever seems placed
upon the future course of the powers that be, and
in many quarters instances of distress and suspi
cion are manifested. A circular has been for
warded to the Lords-Lieutenant of the diffe
rent counties, to the effect that " electioneer.
ing tricks" have been played in Hungary.

Bohemian Assembly will, it is expected, be the scene
of a fierce dispute between the rival parties. In
fact, in all quarters doubts and uncertainties pre-
vail to a great extent, and the peace and prosperity
which Germany has so long enjoyed, and which we
had thought likely to increase as freedom flourished,
and general progress was made, are languishing
and drooping in the unwholesome atmosphere of a
tyrannical rule. As yet the two great Powers have
done nothing new in respect to the Frankfort affair,
for they cannot agree as to the measures that
should be adopted. The point in question appears
to be to free the legal representatives of the city
from the restraints which are imposed upon them
by the German democrats. Hew much better it
would be to have these parties to settle their own
affairs needs not to be dwelt upon ; but it is use-
less to expect reason from those who argue in a
circle, and have predetermed beforehand what course
they shall pursue. The National Verein does not
in reality interfere with the rights and privileges
of the Senators of Frankfort; and if they were only
left in statu quo no change worthy of the name
would take place, and no solecism be committed
that might shock . the feelings or offend
the prejudices of the most scrupulous up-
holders of the ancient regime in the Father-
land. It would almost seem as if the mighty
makers of mischief and fomenters •of dis-
cord at Berlin and Vienna had reckoned with-
out their host, or not fully estimated the
consequences of the affair in this last encroach-
ment at Frankfort. Doubtless the Austrians are
wiser than their allies, and comprehend a little
more clearly the dangers and difficulties that will
environ them if they carry out their measures in
the spirit as well as the letter, and enforce compli-
ance to their commands without scruple or conside-
ration. Be this as it may, nothing justifies us in
forming the belief that moderate counsels will rule
the day, for in all directions untoward symptoms
prevail, and the " era of reaction," so often mean-
inglessly alluded to, seems likely to become un
fait accompli.- The only Liberal member of the
Bavarian Government is about to quit office, while
M. VON ROGGENBERG, the protector of the Liberal
party in Baden, is dismissed.
The great German Powers are making enemies
and provoking people everywhere, and a complete
misunderstanding will soon- prevail from one ex-
tremity of Germany to the other. Baron VON
BEUST, the Saxon Minister for Foreign Affairs, has
forwarded a despatch to the representatives of
Saxony at Berlin and Vienna, in which a recogni-
tion is made of the announcements by the two
Powers of the steps taken relative to Frankfort, and
also a notice of the complaints made by the Minis-
ters of Austria and Prussia respecting the Saxon
press. Baron VON BEUST seems to be quite equal to
the occasion, for he reserves to the Federal Diet the
right to settle the legitimate course to be taken in
refer&ce to the Frankfort Senate. A supplementary
vote has been since sent, which retorts upon those
who complain of the Saxon press, by declaring that
it only held the language to which exception was
taken
is beacaataipseiriotfedthasetaonnye•adopted by the Prussian
that Gov he agrees we
Governments. The conclusion of this
and
Austrian
Baron affirms ictohutlidie dweissihree,xpforressthede
that the Saxon press should be less inimical to
Prussia ; but before he will answer the reproaches
made to him, that the Saxon Government does not
check such tendencies, "he must first wait to
see if Prussia will forbid the Prussian
press advocating the destruction of the Saxon
Monarchy." This is a very fair reply, and no
doubt it will incense the Government of Berlin to a
great extent. It will not be quite so easy a thing
as Herr Von BISMARCK supposes to coerce all Ger-
many, and bring all the minor States and lesser
Principalities under the sway of the Sovereigns of