The Sun.
London, England, 1865-08-21 00:00:00

SOUTH KENSINGTON, HYDE-PARK,
Queen's, and Rutland Gates, Queen's-gate and Peters-
ham Terraces, Queen's-gate, Cornwall, and iuccs Gardens,
Elvaston-place, Cromwell-rold Onslow and T hurloe Squares,
Bolt ns. 31e,sre TOPLIS 'and ROBERTS nave RE4-
I ENCES to SELL and LET in these and surrounding
localities. Offices, 2, Conduit-street, Regent-street, and
Soul h Ki.nsington, facing the Museum.

MR. ALFRED MELLON'S CONCERTS.--
111 E UNITED SERVICE QU A.DRII, I,E, by A. F.
GODFREY, every Evening. Piano, s. ; Orchestra, 3s.
Both at half price. London : Robert Cocks and Co., New
Burlington street, W., and all Musicsellers.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE,
Sole Lessee and Alanaer, Mr. Geo. Vlnin;
THIS EVENING, a new Farce, by Mr. David Fisher,
entitled HEART-STRINGS AND FIDDLE-STRINGS.
Alter which, A R liA Il NA I ()GUN : Mes,re. Dion Bouci-
cault J. Brougham, N. Vandenhotl; D. Fisher, D. Murray;
Mrs 'Boucicault and 3lisa M.
To conclude with AN AMPLE APOLOGY.
Commence at 7.

NEVI THEATRE-ROYAL ADELPHI.
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'1 his popular theatre will RE-OPEN on MONDAY, Sept.
4, next, entirely re-painted and re-embellished, and the seats
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order to increase the comfort and accommodation of the
numerous patrons of this establishment. The season will
open with the engagement of Mr. JoSE PH JEFFERSON,
who will make his first appearance in this country in a new
and original D arna, written expressly for him by Dion
Boucicault, Esq. Further particulars will be published in a
few days.

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THIS DAY.—Morning, 2h. 10m.—Afternoon, 2h. 30m,
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;‘• •
5" Off t
6;' Suno

LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 21, 1865.

Few narratives of scientific effort have been more
deeply interesting than the history of the Great
Eastern and her attempt to lay the Atlantic Cable,
which has now been given us in the- form of a diary
by one of the most graphic of our pen-and-ink scene
painters. From the 24th of July to the 11th of
August, Mr. RUSSELL gives us the life-like picture
of each day's exertions, failures, successes, or dis-
appointments. In that short space of time were
crowded the most varied feelings from the prosperous
opening of the campaign, the startling discovery of
the first accident, the renewed encouragement given
by the speedy setting to rights ; the second disaster,
its rectification, the continuation of the journey,
and the catastrophe of the 2d of August. Then
came the anxious fluctuations of hopes and fears,
the ceaseless effort, the partial successes, the repeated
disappointments, and, finally, the rush of the last
rope down to the depths of the Atlantic, the depar-
ture of the Terrible for Newfoundland, and the
return of the Great Eastern and her company foiled,
but not disheartened. It is a record which does
honour to the courage and perseverance of all con-
cerned, and will scarcely lose its interest even should
the great work be fin ally accomplished and telegraphic
communication between England and America cease
to be a marvel. The early failures of similar
projects are still eagerly read of, though the unsuc-
cessful workers have long been numbered with the
past, and the works they tried in vain to do have
been done by other hands. The Atlantic cable will,
indeed, we trust, be left to no such vague future, but
will yet reward the efforts of the brave men who
have toiled so unflinchingly in its behalf. But while
the experience of this voyage will be invaluable to
whoever undertakes the renewal of the undertaking,
as a mere history of unsuccessful effort the diary
is deeply interesting. The discovery of the first
fault on July 24 produced, we are told, no little
uneasiness, since all felt that if the cable were thus
liable to accident after it was submerged no reliance
could be placed on its ultimate success. After some
deliberation it was decided, as we know, to cut the
cable and draw it in until the fault was discovered.
This course was slowly but successfully pursued—
not more than at the rate of a mile or a mile and a
half an hour--till the cable was hauled in. It was
at first feared that the injury was near shore, and
great, accordingly, was the rejoicing when the
fault was detected and "the cause of all our
trouble and anxiety, delay and expense," as the
biographer styles it, was discovered to be " a
piece of iron about two inches long, rather
crooked and sharp at the end, as if cut
off with nippers from an end of wire. No one could
imagine how this intruder got into the tank, but it
was generally believed to be the result of accident,
and the splicing happily accomplished, the great
ship set off again cheerily. A few days peaceful
monotony succeeded, until July 29, when a fresh
disaster betrayed itself, and the work of picking up
began again. The discovery of another piece of
iron wire sticking through the gutta percha coating
gave rise to great uneasiness, and to painful sus-
picion. "It was impossible," says Mr. RUSSELL,
" to resist the conviction that such an injury was
the work of some hired cable assassin, or some
pur-
poseless malefactor." Such an impression was very
disheartening, and by no means calculated to re-
assure the anxious minds of those interested in the
success of the cable. It is but just, however, to
remember that a piece of wire was afterwards found
projecting from the cover of the cable, and on one
of the men trying to bend it down it broke short
off, thus showing that it was at least possible that
the previous disasters were the result of accident.
But it seems very unfortunate that since such rigid'

Aft€r many delays and a vast amount of delibera-
tion, it would seem as if the vexed question of
Schleswig-Holstein were temporarily settled in a
manner that promises peace at all events, and there-
fore must be considered satisfactory. Certainly no
one can now be surprised by any departure that
may take place from the original plan ; and, taking
all things into consideration, Prussia cannot be said
to have all the advantages she expected. Doubtless
it was discovered by that prescient statesman, Herr
von BISMARCK, that discretion was the better part
of valour, in his instance as in that of many others,
and so he made concessions and toned down his
requirements in order to suit the prejudices and
meet the demands of Austria. The Convention
was concluded at Gastein on the 14th instant, and
it is based upon the Austro-Prusso-Danish Treaty
of Peace. By the terms of this agreement Prussia
gets Lauenburg, and pays Austria pecuniary indem-
nification. In Schleswig-Holstein the prorisioriuin
is prolonged. " Prussia is to rule in Schleswig,
and Austria in Holstein, until the future of the
Duchies has been decided upon." On the whole, it
appears that the two great German Powers have
divided the spoil between them in a very ingenious
manner ; and, while each was determined to yield
no claim, they have let the wishes and expectations
of others go for nothing.

t may well be asked what have the minor States
of Germany gained by this transaction, and how
much they are the forwarder for all the time and
trouble that they have devoted to the affair. They
have been completely set aside, and treated with
the most profound indifference, amounting, indeed,
to contempt. Had any one at the outset of this
affair predicted what would be the result, there
would have been a general outburst of indignation,
and the petty rulers would have declared that they
never would submit to such a thing, and that mat-
ters would never be brought to such a pass. Ex-
perience has, however, shown the futility of their
expectations, and the course of events has more and
more revealed the inordinate cupidity of Prussia.
It must be admitted that Austria has acted more in
self-defence than for aggressive purposes, and in
many respects her firm attitude and decided de-
meanour has been of great advantage, for it has
repressed the insolent demands of Prussia, and
served so far to maintain the balance of power in
Europe. Had the Vienna Government given way
to a considerable extent, as was at one time ex-
pected by competent judges that they would, the
consequences would have been very serious to all im-
mediately concerned, and also caused injury to others
more remotely connected with the issue of the
affair. It cannot be said that this so-called solution
of the problem has been arrived at easily, for an
immense time has elapsed, and most active steps
have been taken all along to settle the matter.
There yet remains the decision of the future of the
Duchies, and that will doubtless be a very slow
affair. Indeed it will not be surprising if the pre-
sent arrangement holds good for an indefinite time,
or at all events until some of those great changes
take place which must occur sooner or later in the
Germanic provinces. Ail tends to show that this
is a patched-up affair, and is the base of the Con-
vention which has just been concluded rests on the
assumption that all things remain in state quo.
After recriminations and altercations it would seem
as if universal amity were now to be the order of
the day, and congratulatory visits are of frequent
occurrence. The Emperor of AUSTRIA and the
King of PRUSSIA have met to sanction the points
that were decided upon at Gastein,te provisional
andtocem
ont
more firmly the organisation of h
diminion of the two Powers in the Duchies. The
ministers of these august personages have also come
to terms, and in their interview have, it is said, suc-
ceeded in coming to an understanding upon firmer
bases. Count MENSDORFF may be congratulated
upon the results of his diplomacy, for he has come
out of the contest with flying colours, after having
been opposed by so formidable an antagonist as

_
110 USES.—Messrs. TOPLIS and ROBERTS effort was made, patiently, carefully, heroically ;
have numerous furnished and unfurnished TOWN, on twice, thrice was the cable caught, but every
;suburban, aid Country RESIDENCES to LILT or SELL.
Par,lculars forwarded for three stamps, upon stating exact once
time by a most aggravating misfortune—the rope
requirements and rental. Offices, 2, Conduit-street, Regent-
street, and South Kensington, facing the Museum. used proved unequal to the task. At last came the

dreadful moment when the last rope was being
used and the cable was actually coming up from its
hidden depths, when the rope parted near the cap-
stan and flew over the bow, happily injuring no one
in its lightning progress, but sinking surely to the
bottom to join the mighty cable. No wonder that
silence reigns on board the great ship as she turns
her head homewards, leaving the scene of struggle
and temporary defeat. The Terrible hearing the
story of the misfortune steams on to Newfoundland,
and the Great Eastern returns to give the anxious
watchers in England the full and true particulars of
the eventful story.
It was certainly never anticipated that it would
be necessary to fish for the cable from such a fear-
ful depth ; but if the wire-rope and its swivels had
only been equal to their own standard, the victory
might have been won. It is impossible not to feel
grieved and mortified that when the electrician and
engineer, and men of science in every department,
were so fully equal to the difficulties of their task,
mere mechanical failures should have occasioned the
disaster. Captain ANDERSON, whose opinion
is well worth having, is sanguine as to the ulti-
mate success of the work, now that he has
actually watched it. He inclines to the opinion
that the accidents were not the result of design, but
of chance ; but in either case the danger can for the
future be guarded against by proper precautions.
Again, another very important change which he
suggests is to avoid the necessity of passing the
cable from the sterp to the bow when it is necessary
to haul in a few miles. "An engine applied to the
paiyng-out gear so as to reverse and haul in at once
before the cable had reached the bottom, and while
the fault was being located, would have reduced our
three faults to a very small risk." This is a hint
which should surely be taken, and the provision of
grappling gear of the greatest possible strength will,
we should hope, never be neglected in equipping a
similar expedition. The chafing of the rope over
the hawsehole is another danger easily guarded
against, and some means of catching the rope should
it break in board could surely be readily devised.
With all these precautions there is reasonable hope
of recovering the cable, and we trust that the
effort will not be delayed an hour longer than ne-
cessary. To talk of leaving it to the spring is to
risk the total loss of the cable, or at least consider-
ably to diminish the chance of picking it up. The
fact of having caught it three times is surely
encouragement enough to strain every nerve to
renew the effort about whose final success Captain
ANDERSON, no mere enthusiast or inexperienced
dreamer, speaks so confidently. It is a singular
and noticeable fact that on the Ist of August, the
very day before the last break down, the great ship
passed over the grave of the first Atlantic cable.
Whether this ominous fact would indicate that there
are some unknown difficulties at that part of the
route, or whether it was a mere chance that the
two failures took place so close together, is a fact that
experience must unravel. At any rate we have suffi-
cient encouragement to persevere with the noble
undertaking, for if it is a work which man can ever
accomplish the victory is surely due to English
enterprise, science, and perseverance.