The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-12 00:00:00

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TEE REPRESENTATION OF S 7 ak.g.

UPON-TRENT.

On Tuesday evening Mr. A. J. B. Beresford Hope,
the Conservative candidate for the representation of
the Parliamentary borough comprising the Stafford-
shire Potteries, addressed a numerous and influen-
tial body of the electors and non-electors at the
Town-hall, Stoke-upon-Trent. Mr. C. M. Camp-
bell presided.
Mr. BERESFORD HOPE, on being introduced, was
warmly received. He expressed his regret that he
had not been able to keep clear of the miserable con-
troversy which had agitated the mind of the electors
during the past few days. He emphatically denied
that he had taken advantage of Mr. Grenfell to pub-
lish an unfinished correspondence. He complained
that unfounded charges had been made against him
of having, through his adherents, assisted Sergeant
Shee. He threw back in the face of Mr. Grenfell
the aecusation of having in any way whatever
bean concerned with Sergeant Shee. He then re-
ferred to the American contest, and said he had
long sympathised with the Southerners, and should
continue to do so. At a meeting held on Monday
evening in another part of the borough, a letter was
received from an eminent politician exhorting the
electors not to send him (Mr. Hope) to Parliament,
because of his views on the American question.
That letter was in something like these terms :
" Don't send to Parliament a man who distinguishes
himself by his virulent and disgraceful attacks upon
the American President and people—attacks which
make it the duty of every enemy to despotism to
oppose him." Was John Bright, the great Bir-
mingham orator, who stood by Napolean and Lin-
coln, to assimilate them to the freemen of the
borough of Stoke? (Hear, hear.) He (Mr. Hope)
had spoken in favour of the Southern Confederacy,
and would do so again. (Applause.) He was not
blind to that slavery which existed in the Confe-
derate States. He had, privately to Southerners
and in his published speeches, denounced in the
strongest terms that horrible system; but he main-
tained that for that system England in the first
place, and in the second place the Northern States
—New York above all—New York that mortgaged
the South—New York that sent its slavers to Cuba
—were responsible. (Cheers.) He had said that
owing to the necessities of the constitution, which
gave votes according to numbers—five slaves count-
ing for three white men—which returned men to
the House of Representatives, the treacherous ac-
tion of New York was begun, and the South fell
back upon self-interest. Then that system was
doomed. It was not doomed by sudden emancipa-
tion, by the violence of Butler and Hunter, or the
efforts of Thurlow Weed, Greeley, or Phillips, urg-
ing the black man to take vengeance upon his
master—(Hear, hear)—but its doom lay in gradual
emancipation, leading from slavery to serfdom,
and from serfdom to liberty. (Hear, hear.) It
was not likely to be doomed by a man by a man
like Lincoln making a preposterous proposal to
the black man to take advantage of the misfor-
tunes of the Southern States, and leave home to
settle on the Isthmus of Panama, because the State
of Illinois had just passed a law prohibiting every
black man from crossing the frontier. He sympa-
thised with second-rate men placed in positions of
responsibility, and he would treat the letter written
by Mr. Lincoln with all due Christian charity—
(laughter)—but when he had spread over it all the
Christian charity of which he was master, he must
say that, when he saw the cynical way in which
Mr. Lincoln proposed to preserve slavery,the greatest
curse of the human race, or emancipate the slaves,
which meant massacring the white F—when he saw
a third-rate lawyer rrom the background of Illinois
hoisted up to the chief magistracy of a powerful
nation making such a proclamation, he must say, in
the name of everything that was great and free, and
in the name of Heaven and the Christian faith it-
self, was it right, was it to be desired that such a
nation and such a man should prosper ? (Loud
cheers.) He was a Southerner in sympathy before
Bull Run. Some becama so when that happened;
others became so at the time of the Trent affair;
others when Butler issued his proclamation. Re-
ferring to the constitution of the United States, be
said that in 1776 a political congress assembled of
13 States, which threw off the allegiance of England.
This was the Provisional Government, and it broke
down. In 1787 the existing Government was orga-
nised. In 1781, under the title of the "Federal
Union," he read, as the first article of the constitu-
tion, " The style or title of the confederacy shall be
the United States of America." That at once did
away with the quibble of the lawyers as to the
words " Confederate" and " United" having some
antagonistic meaning. Article 2 said, " Each State
retained its sovereignty, freedom, and independence
and every power, jurisdiction, and right which is
not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the
United States in Congress assembled." There was
the sovereignty of each State distinctly laid down.
That rickety old constitution broke down. The
constitution of 1787 maintained the same principle,
but created an Executive, a Ministry, a Govern-
ment, and the Confederation stood in a substan-
tial form before the world. The preamble to
that constitution said, " We, the people of the
United States, in order to form a more
perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic
tranquillity, provide for the common defence, pro-
mote the general welfare, and secure the blessings
of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain
and establish this constitution for the United States
of America." No word implying the sovereignty
of the individual States was given np. (Hear,
hear.) That absurd article saying " this union is
perpetual" was abrogated in 1787. The men of that
time, with Washington in the chair, were not mad
enough to think that they could bind their posterity-
(Hear.) The Government of 1787 was as much a
confederation of sovereign States as was the confe-
deration
States/3 of 1776 and 1781. They were only
broke
down, at that time. When the Government -
down, it took several months before those
constitution:
could be induced to return to the
Now they had increased to 34 State, and party
m unti l the
squabbles had taken place among the H
t di-
*. ope then
South divided from the North:,oll le
d Evrett t h
. ,atth
proceeded to point out causes
7; gry
in 1861 as to vision, and quoted the opinieni
candidate for the Vice-Preeluari
the seceding States
the absurdity of supposing 1,11
holm to a Government
could be coerced into rave question now was, how
they abhorred. The g rav" -
ctates were to be recognised.
soon the Confederate Poition ought to have taken
He expressed himself
He thought that reog e
Ap'PlAg.B
Way in which Mr. Lind's motion
place earlier. (
the
,tee. If he should be in Parlia-
ment, as be expected to be, next February
ment, as
onld not lend himself to
w old adopt a course to rem: ut
eosf.
plause)--he w°-
Yt
hke I °
men ivh° Complicated one by Petitioningthe opportunity
President
Lincoln; but when opportunity offered itself,
e land might do so
when g
with
safety, with dig-
nity, apd in the name of suffering Lancashire, in
the name of the heroic Confederation itself, in
the name of humanity, his voice should be
raised for terminating
the war by placing the
Confederate States among the Governments of the
world. (Loud h c eers.) Looking with much pain
at what had transpired
during the past year or two
he hoped to see things settled down. He hoped to
see Germany, Italy, Spain, and France tranquil
and consolidated, so that they would not be dan-
gerous to each other. England, too, he trusted,
would secure peace at home and respect abroad, by
maintaining that Volunteer force of 150,000 men
which had risen up at the call of the gentle voice
of our Sovereign. (Applause.) Speaking of the
question of church-rates, ho said he was in favour
of a compromise; not a surrender of principles, but
such a compromise as would relieve the consciences
of those who objected to pay the rates, retaining
the old system—a system as old as the Saxon

( T- ~ -c

monarchy—so that those who were supporters of
the Church might pay these rates if they were dis-
posed. He was a Churchman, because he believed
the Church of England to be consistent with the
Word of God; but the State did not necessarily
look on every Briton as a member of the Established.
Church. Such a suggestion was the only true solu-
tion of a difficult question. Non exemption to those
who objected to pay the rates was tyranny to the
Nonconformists, while the principle proposed by
Sir J. Trelawny was tyranny to the Church and to
the constitution. (Hear, hear.) He advocated the
encouragement of education, and economy in the
national expenditure : stated that he organised the
society for carrying out the repeal of the hop duty ;
and, while observing that the French commercial
treaty had produced beneficial effects, he said he
considered that it might have been carried out with
a better feeling as regarded the dignity of England.
He then alluded to his connection with the Exhi-
bition at South Kensington, and his efforts to foster
art and develop° the products for which the borough
of Stoke-upon-Trent was so famous. As to Par-
liamentary Reform, no member could go to the
House of Commons next session more disposed to
consider that great question than himself. He
had refused to state distinctly the extent to which
he was in favour of reducing the franchise until
the question came forward for consideration by those
who had the courage to say they would not give
their pledge, and wished to be trusted. After briefly
referring to the Reform Bills introduced of late
years, he said he would go so far as to say that he
was in favour of the "fancy" franchise, so as not to
allow the:elective powers to depend upon the acciden-
tal rental of houses. He alluded to the ballot ques.
tion, observing that the experience of France and
America proved that the ballot was a mockery, a
delusion, and a snare. (Loud chem.) It had
been proved in those two ebuntries that the ballot
did not cheek, but that it increased intimidation ;
that it did not conceal the vote of any man whose
vote was worth knowing, and that it gave a man
whose vote might be misrepresented no means of
knowing the truth. (Hear, hear.) It was essentially
what might be termed unmanly and nn-English.
(Loud cheers.) Therefore he opposed the ballot.
(Hear, hear.) Mr. Hope, after making a few other
observations, concluded an address which occupied
nearly two hours in delivery, amid loud applause.

7HE ROMAN CONQUEST OF BRITAIN-

I.7IIPORTAN2 _DISCOVERIES.

Consecutive explorations of en unusual character
have been made during the summer of the last and
present years in the Cheviot district. On these
lofty hills, sealed for so many months of the year
with snow, yet clad in summer with ferns and
mosses and short-set grass, with here and there a
purple foxglove, a mountain pink, or a scarlet-
leaved bilberry, a veritable tract of ancient Britain
has been laid bare ; a walled town, several fortlets,
scattered hut circles and tumuli have been disen-
cumbered of the earth that has been accumulating
over them for nearly 2,000 years ; and many inte-
resting facts have been thus disclosed respecting the
Celtic tribes whom Caesar found in possession of the
land. It would appear that the Cheviot hills were
well populated in those most remote times. Huge
circles of masonry overgrown with herbage are
seen on most of them, sometimes on the slopes, some-
times on the summits, and within many of these are
smaller circles of turf-covered stones marking sites
of huts. In all these ramparts and dwellingsblocks
of the porphyry of the district have been used as
the sole building material. On the southern slope
of a hill, locally distinguished as Greenlaw, great
masses of ruin promised a rich reward to the spade
of the excavator. Here three walled enclosures, con-
nected with one another by a roadway, have been
brought to light. Within these enclosures traces of
as many as 70 stone huts can be counted. Most
of the entrances into these face the east, and
the floors of those that have been dug into are
found to have been rudely flagged with flattish
porphyry stones. The largest of the enclosures
has been strengthened with two ramparts;
against the inner of these walls is a hut which
has a flue—the earliest evidence of the use of chim-
neys we possess. A sunken fireplace was found to
be formed about 18 inches below the flagging, from
which a funnel conducted the smoke through the
thickness of the rampart. Charred wood was
found in the conduit. Iu several of the huts charred
wood was found in the floors, as -well as broken
pottery; in one a glass bead, in another a stone
seat, in others a fragment of a glass armlet, part of
the horn of the red deer. and three bottom stones
of hand-mills. The Celtic remains on Broughlow,
Chesiers, and Ingram-hill have also been examined.
The most recent diggings have been made on Yea-
vering Bell. On the summit of the Bell, 1,500 feet
above the level of the sea, there is a rampart of
masonry inclosing 12 acres, and within this, again,
is a sunken chamber in which sacrifices are sup-
posed to have been offered. Tire chamber was
cleared of earth, leaving its masonry well defined;
but no arrangements of a sacrificial character could
be traced. On the slopes of the hill are several
fortlets, or ramparts, surrounding hut circles,
which have also been opened out. In one a small
guard chamber was found at the entrance recessed
into the thickness of the wall of the rampart. Flint
arrow heads, broken pottery, querns, fragments of
glass and oak were found in the soil in different
n slag
places. The discovery also of pieces of iro
furnishes a new view of Celtic life, as a general im-
pression prevailed among antiquarians that the
ancient Britons were unacquainted with the art of
smelting.

711 E K
CONDEM IR NED
ALE PRISONERS AT
KD.

respite up to last evening has been received
Ward, and4he officials at the gaol
wasn a t
u a chancenaturally
l of
mostx onean beinganxious
u s b
a sent.
o u t
a respite
isßdf Burke
pNrtaknos
as
eous
sitr thinkkand
there
andn
nt tthe
bi.oVuuladgh they rad judge
held are
rey
seem convinced none will be
olltso little hopes of mercy
the sentence of death upon them. They
are most penitent, and their demeanour is every-
thing which their spiritual advisers could desire.
Taylor, the Manchester murderer, is still as re-
served as he was a few days after his trial; and the
chaplain of the gaol, the Rev. Mr. Appleton, can-
not, up to the present time, give a very favourable
report of him. Finding that his attempts to for-
ward a petition to the authorities in London were
unsuccessful, he became indifferent to his condition,
and has since paid little attention to anybody about
him. The high sheriff of the county visited the
prisoners on Tuesday, but nothing remarkable took
place at the interview. On Wednesday a pistol,
which it was supposed was used by Burke or Ward
in shooting at the policeman, was found by James
Whidham, a platelayer on the Manchester and
Yorkshire Railway, about 50 yards from where a
pistol was found after the murder, and where the
murderers passed in running away. The pistol
was in one of the " grips" belonging to the rail-
way company, and when found was wrapped round
on each side the lock with a wax band. The pis-
tol was not loaded, and the hammer was down on
an exploded cap. Very little sympathy is mani-
fested either for Burke or Ward in Ashton-under-
Lyne, the people expressing themselves more will-
ing to sign a petition for the men to be hanged than
spared.

THE MISSING STEAMER PACIFIC.—The Quebec
Morning Chronicle of August 30, publishes a document,
purported to have been written on board the Collins steamer
Pacific, and dated April 12, 1556, lat. 48 deg. 22 min N. ;
lung. 35 dog. 42 min. W. The note states that the vessel
was sinking with all on board, having sprung a leak in a
severe gale on April 9, and is signed "R. Johnston." The
Chronicle remarks that it is of course impossible to pro-
nounce with any degree of certainty as to whether the letter
is genuine. The paper—a sheet of small•sized note—on
which it is written bears traces of water, and the writing is
considerably blurred. A portion of the ink appears quit°
fresh and distinct. This, however, would be easily Ac-
counted for by its having been placed in an air-tight vessel.
The writing, although irregular and having the appearance
of having been written under intense nervousahioownegv etshe ts excitement,t,ooft
is nevertheless the writing of a person of education.
list
name of "R. Johnston" does nocitsaiapoeninetawlyrhi
passengers or crew. This circumstance,
sufficient to condemn the document as 1,..h°07, inasmuch. as
great interest,
it is well known that omissions fr.
senger lists of ocean stearaers—°s the c chiefly Come
to light when accidents occur and . minutia) of the roll
of those on board peonies of