The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-18 00:00:00

Fall. Ad.: Balcony and Stalls, Is. Private Boxes, 10s. Rd.
Donizetti's "Don Sebastien," acknowledzed to be the
finest work of that celebr ited composer, will be produced
during the week.

s. WOODIN'S CABINET of CURIO-
• SITIES—NewIy Polished and Re-Iined—POLY-
CRA PI-HO BALL, King William-street, Charing-cross
Every Evening, at eight (except Saturday),
with new characters, music, songs, and dances. The scenic
Illustrations and effects, entirely new, painted by and under
the direction of 3Tr. William Callcott. Morning Performance,
Saturday, Oct. 18, at 3. Stalls, 3s. ; area, 25.; amphitheatre,
Is. Box-office open from eleven to five.
Mr. Woodin as Mr. Sothern, of tho Haymarket, in his
celebrated character of "Lord Dundreary, ' Morning and
Evening.

A RGYLL ROOMS. Great Windmill-street,
Haymarket.—GßAND CASINO FRANCAISE.—
)pen every Evening for Promenade and Dancing, with the
-elebrated 'Rand of 50 performers. Conductor and Principal
Cornet-a-Piston, M. 130mA-our:T.—The new Tmperial
Valse Cotillion, and L. Moaca's Peep o'Day Valse will
e played nightly.
A new Conversation Salon has been added to the above
Pstablishment for Reading., Coffee, and Refreshments.—
Admission ls.—Manager, M. Grenet.

OYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-
GARDEN.
Under the Manavement of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W.
Harrison, .ole Lessees.
THIS EVENING, Its He's popular Opera, THE ROSE OF
CASTTLLF,: Misses Louisa Pyne, Aynsley Cook, and Snsan
Pyne; Messrs. W. H. Weiss, A. St. Albyn, J. Rouse, Aynsley
Cook, anti W. Harrison.
Conductor—Mr. A. Mellon.
Doors open at half-past 7—Commence at S.

THEATRE-ROYAL. DRURY•LANE.
Dion Ronefeault. T essep.

TUTS EVENING. at Seven, THE COLLEEN EAWN.
After which. at half-past 9, the new Scottish Drama, THE
RELIEF OF LITrENOW: Mrs. DSon noucicault. Madame
Celeste, Stevens, Chatterley ; Messrs. Dion Boucicault. Ry-
der, Atkins, Leeson, Searle.
Commence at 7—terminate at 11.

T.HFATRF-R()''HAY AI AR F FT.
Lessee Mr. J P. Pmekstone.
THIS EVENING. at 7, A DAUGHTER TO MARRY.
Mr. Farren, Mr. Rogers, Mr. Clark, and Miss E. Romer.
Alter which, at a quarter to 8, will he performed (27th time)
' UR AMERICAN COUSIN. Asa Trenchard, Mr. Buck-
.•tone ; Lord Dundreary, Mr. Sothern.
Followed by s Twvi, Fare, entitird PUCK HUNTING :
Mr. Compton Mr. Howe, Mr. W. Farren, Mrs. Wilkins, and
Miss C. Hill.
To conclude with THE GA LLICTAN FETE.

NEW TWRATRF-R 0 YAL, APFLPFIT.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. R. Webster.
TAIS EVENING, THE GREEN BUSITEQ. Messrs. J
L. Toole, P. Redford, Billing, on, Sefton, Stephenson, Lewis
Fburne, Romer; Miss Avonia Jones, Miss Woolgar, Mrs.
Millington, and Mrs. Stoker.
To conclude with THE SHIT LING PAY AT THE
512.
Phillips, Sefton EAT EXHIBITION. Messrs..T. L. Toole. P. Bedford,
R.
and Mrs. Lewis. ,C. J. Smith, Romer; Miss K. Bland

Commence at 7.

OYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Sole Lessee and Manager -Mr. Edmund Falconer'
290th Night of the continuous run of "Peep o'Day."
TB I S E VENING, PEEP O'DAY ; or, Savourneen peel fah.
Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Charles Selby, Geo. Melville,
and Edmund Falconer ; Mrs. D. P. Bowers, Miss Clara
Weston. and Miss M. Hudson.
After which, a new musical. pictorial, poetical, and ballet
interlude, enlitled KILLARNEY. Miss Anna Whitty and
Miss Lydia Thomson.
Followed by a new Farce, entitled THE COLLEEN
'PAWN SETTLED AT LAST. Mr. Charles Selby and Miss
Lydia Thompson.
Actin.. Manager—Mr. P. B. Chatterton.
Prices as usual. Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at
Box-office open daily from 11 till'i.
Commence a 7

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPTIITHEATRE.—
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. W. BATTY.

Last week but two.
THIS NVENING will be performed MAZEPPA ; or, The
wild Hors'e of Tartary, with New Scenery, Dresses, and
Decorations.
Tc be followed bv brillinnt routine of novel and daring
!_ceenes in the cc: Tie, in which Madame Hislop and Young
yoereux will appear.
Cushreclud(' with a COMIC BALLET, in which Miss Annie
and -Harry croueste will appear.
Commence at 7.—Sage Manager. Mr. W. Searle.

_ _ --
BRODIE'S SPERIyv cult "R„—Broaie's GOLD-
COATED PILLS,
the safest and most speedy tasteless,cureiaillgt,,EnreS of r,onprrhcca,
Meet, sperrnatorrhcea, and sirailar affections ' one day's dose
-fr •se from mercury, are
Is sufficient to convince the most scrupulous.e their invalu-
-28. .d., 49 fld ,_7s.
able and unfailing efficacy.
extra.-8, Hanwaystreet, Oxford-street, .w. StamlB taken.
Ad. post, (id.

THEAuthors of eminence have-P'IVIATURF
CAUSES of RR
--
Roman----------------
empire to the effeminacy as,ribed th DECAY
istac ; and this effeminacy,' °fbrnanners we of the
habits acquired in early lite, by which, trace'thiei.b Precluded
degeneracy
influential journalist has end.avon„Vo our ~,-"v to vie( ma
cline of nopulation in the Asiatic provl;° ace"ot fi,i,rtitmhee'daen-
physical and moral of Tur
The peculiar source of
al-
luded to has at all times been specially Wa.
vophers and philanthropists. It besets inlexr7ated by nlillolaying the foundation of future misery, otsonTnrie,enced
e: health, curtailing nuptial
, Youth-,
cup with bitter malignity; clestroyin
and making it, during its brief career. a scene of anguish, hip,
the consciousness of liiimilifiting infirmity. from
The evil is but too rife in our age and country , and ,
?fence can often discern the sad results in the early loathe,
hereditary and perpetuated ailment=, and the ruat4.:
inonial discords and s andals, described, in convential par-
lance, as "unaccountable " and "mysterious." In c„mem
of
'threatened injury to or suspension of faculties whose sound-
mess and vigour form su h a prominent constituentin human
happiness, sufferers may have their fears removed, the mis-
chief, however severe and inveterate, eradicated, and their
warmest hopes of rest iration to life's prerogatives fully
realised
Dr. LA MERT, M.D., has been enEaged for 20 years in the
r
treatment of these disorders, and his treatise on " Self-Pre-
-Berv,:tion " describes how all the attributes of Manhood are
lost or suspended, and how they can be restored and main-
tained in health and vigour to an advanced period of life.
Price Is., post free in a sea'ed envelope 20 stamp., by Mann,
39,, Cornhill ; or from the Author. who may be consulted
daily, from 11 till 2 and 6 till 8, at his residence,
37, BEDFORD-SW:IRE, London.

THE SILENT FRIEND ON MARRIAGE
190 pages, illustrated with 100 engravings, price Is.,
post free 14 stamps, sealed 20, containing prescription of .Pre-
ventive Lotion. Blake this invaluable work your Guide and
Adviser, for self-cure in al cases of secrecy, resulting from
the errors or excesses f youth, or from infection, loss of
natural power and vigour. Address Messrs. PERRY & Co.,
Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, London. W.C.
Consultations daily, 11 till 2, and from 5 till 8. Sunday, 11
till 1 o'clock.

TRULY EFFICACIOUS AND MILD.-
Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER ?ILLS, pre-
pared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr.
tcott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who
suffer from bilious and dyer complaints, indigestion,
spasms, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, &a. For habitual
costiveness, as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier
of the blood, they 9re truly excellent ; mild in their opera-
tion and grateful to +he stomach, they create appe ite, pro-
mote digestion, and .trengthen the whole nervous system.
Sold by W. Lambert, 20, Jenrnyn-street, Haymarket, London,
snd by most druggists, in boxes, ls. lid., and three times
the quantity in one, 2s. 94. Be sure to ask for Dr. Scott's
Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square green
package, with " William Lambert," engraved on the stamp.

ABOON 'l'o NERVOUS SUFFERERS.-
Dr. SMITH has just published a FREE EDITION of
20,000 copies of his valuable work, THE PRIVATE MEDI-
CAL FRIEND (Ile pages), on the Self-cure of Nervous
Debility, Loss of Memory, Dimness of Sight, Lassitude, &c.,
resulting, from the secret sins of youth. Copies may be had
free by sending a stamped directed envelope to the Author's
residence, 8, Burton-crescent, London, W.C.
Consultation by Letter without Fee.
Dr. SMITH will, for the BENEFIT of persona suffering
V
from NERVOUS DEBILITY, &c., on receiving a description
of their case (enclosing a stamped directed envelope for re-
ply), send his written opinion, with advice and directions for
the most successful treatment and cure.—Address, Dr. Smith,
8, Burton-crescent, London, W.C.
D
PHFOE VIGOUR OF YOUTH
CO RESTORED IN
J 1 HOUR WEEKS by Dr. R'S ESSENCE OF
LIFE.
This wonderful agent will restore manhood to the most
shattered constitution, whether arising from self-pollution,
excesses, nocturnal emissions, the effects of climate, or natu-
ral causes. The time required to cure the most inveterate
case is tour weeks ; and, if used according to the printed in-
structions (which are very simple), failure is impos.
This life-restoring, remedy should be taken by all about to
marry, as its effects are permanent. It is acknowledged by
'be medical press to be the greatest discovery ever made.
Success in every case is as certain as that water quenches
,hirs
Dr. RiC9rd's Essence of Life is sold in cases, with full in-
4tructions i(37' use, at us., or four quantities in one for 335.,
and will be sent *0 any part of the world, carefully packed,
and ( 0.. Patent Medicinell7arehouse, 229, Strand London.
•n receipt of remltta2ce or post-office order payable to Front

DR. CURTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD:
MEDICAL ESSAY ON SPEP MA TO RRIKE
NE,RVOUS AND OENEPA TIVE DEBILITY, Lim
net Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates,
'n sealed envelope, price U., Sold by all Bookselle:"s, and
=sot post paid, by the Author, for 2 stamps,
ANTIOOD: the CAUSE and CURE of PRE-
MA TURF DECLINE IN MAN, with Plainßy Decr.J. Dirtions
ior perfect Restoration to Health and Vigour L.
ems, 15. A;berniarle-street, Piccadilly, London.
CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological
Structure and FUrCtiellS of the Reproductive Organs.
CHAPTER IL—Causes of Spennatorrhcea and Impotence;
Vicious Indulgences: Dangers of Neglect.
);-,,IrIaAPT ER
added lII.—A Review of the various Disqualifications
ea BM taal:l
(.otion.
whether resulting from Youthful Abuse, the
oilier Maturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection.
I'ERS V
40florrhce, IT. and V, on the modern Treatment. of
The Rook and Syphilis,
oneludes with numerous varied and interesting
the Author's recipc of a preventive

'l‘oluCrabtld. ntid
RFATIEWS OF TFIF WORK.
nt young
,d March, 18.56. a
"The author has conferred
eat boon by publishing this
be in the lood .—This
and a
oldtru ly,v_tlsunabnldej work,
ti the work, in which is described the source of those diseases
74, km produce decline in
o!di age. '—"Daily Tetegra...h,,
*.l.ondon : Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick Lane, Pater-
noster-row;youth hittnn, 2Q Cornhill.
OUrs ot COnsultation-10 to a 531 d 6 to $; AusidaTh --1° OIL

8 "
° EION
What is it? See Patent, March 1, 1D862, No 580.
G ABR I EL' S Self-adhesive Patent Indestructible
MINE-
RAL TEEM and FLEXlBLEwithout palates,
springs, or wires, and without operation. One set lasts a
lifetime, and WARRANTED FOR MASTICATION and
ARTICULATION. Furest materials only, at hall the usual
cost.

Messrs. GABRIEL, the old-established Dentists'
27, BARLEY-STREET, CAVENDISH-sgrAm,
65,
NEW-STREET, wLll_
sDTGRAETEET:II )3IILRLiILNOZAT: and
134, DUKE-STREET, LIVERPOOL.
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, CLASS 17.
One visit only required from country patients, Gabriera
Practical Treatise gratis.
Consultations tree.

The traffic receipts of railways in the United Kingdom
amounted for the week ending the 11th of October, on
10,499 miles, to £592,763, and for the corresponding week
of last , year, on 10,186 miles, to £566,274, :showing an in-
crease of 313 miles, and of £26,489 in the receipts. The
gross receipts on the following 14 railways amounted in the
aggregate, on 7,221 miles, to £468,222 ; and for the corre-
sponding week of 1861, on 7,006 miles, to £449,242, show-
ing an increase of 215 miles, and of £18,980 in the receipts.
The increase on the :_taledonian amounted to £816; on the
Great Eastern, to £1,387 ; on the Great Western, to £3,022 ;
on the London and North-Western, to £5,674; on the
London, Brighton, and South Coast, to £2,813; on the
London and South-Western, to £2,839; on the Midland,
to £685; en the North British, to £564; on the North-
Eastern, to £3,067; and on the South-Eastern, to £4 141 ;
total, £25,028. But from this must be deducted £1,328, the
decrease on the Great Northern; £463 on the Great
Southern and Western ; £2,767 on the Lancashire and
Yorkshire ; and £1,490 on
.she Manchester, Sheffield, and
Lincolnshire ; together, £6,048, leaving the increase, as
above, £18,980. The goods and mineral traffic on those
lines amounted to £230,149, and for the corresponding week
of 1861 to £231,639, showing a decrease of £1,490. The
receipts for passengers, parcels, &c., amounted to £238,073,
against £217,603, showing an increase of £20,470. The
traffic receipts on 64 other lines amounted, on 3,279 miles,
to £124,541, and for the corresponding week of last year, on
3,180 miles, to £117,C32, showing an increase of 99 miles,
and of £7,509 in the receipts. The increase in the traffic of
the past week, as compared with the corresponding period
of 1861, arises chiefly from the passenger traffic to the In-
ternational Exhibition and excursion traffic. The total
receipts of the past week show a decrease of £19,901 as
g week, ending the
4th inst.
compared with those of the precedin

TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR THE WEEK.
Miles Opened. Receipts.

,ailways.

1862.

1861. I'

Belfast and N, Counties 136 136
Belfast and Comity Down 49 49
Blyth and Tyne ............ 22 22
Bristol and Exeter 1214 167
Caledonian ..,... .. 230 2307
Cockermouth. Z Workington B4 81
Cork and Bandon . . 2O 202
Cork, Blackrock, & Passage.. • 64 51
Cork and Youghal ....... ... • • 321
523}
Cornwall .................. • • 53f 53i
Deeside . ..—.. .. ... . l7 17
Dublin &.8...... dunction... • 63 63
Dublin and Drogheda 63 63
Dub. & Wicklow and Wextd 484 484
Dundee, Perth, & Aber. Jun 31 31
Edinburgh and Glasgow 1691 16,4
Forth & Clyde Junction 3O 30
Furness, &c ... . ... 5O 5 )
Glasgow & ..South-Western . • 198 198
Gt. Eastern,Nrfk.,&E.l.Jnion 6144
644
Great Northern ... . , 330 330
Great North of Scotland 5B 58
ot. Northn. &We stn. (Irel.) 561 454
'it Southn. &Westn.(lrind.) 329 329
Great Western .. . 992 9641
Inverness & Aberdeen Juno 734 73.
Irish North-Western 145 130
Irish South-Eastern 251 254
Lancashire & Yorkshire 3954 3954
Leominster and Kington
Limerick and Ennis.
Limerick and Foynes 261
Llanelly .. —.... . ... . .
London & North-Western
London and Blackwall 54 51
London & South-Western
Lond. Brighton, &S. Coast
London, Chatham, & Dover 721 .721
Lond., Tilbury, & Southend
Man.,Sheffield, & Lincolnsh
Manch. S.Jun.&Altrincham 94 94
Maryport and Carlisle 2B 28
Midland (incl. N.-Western) B3O 6144
Midland Gt.Westn. of Wild 1924 1921
Monkland 724 56
Monmouthsh. Rail. & Canal 44 44
North British, Edin., Perth
and Dundee
N-Eastern and New. & Car 8942
North London 9
North Staffordshire 248
Oswestry and Newton .., . 42
Rhymney l9
St. Helen's Canal& Railway 52
Scottish Central
Scottish North-Eastern 132
Shropshire Union 291
Somerset and Dorset 396
South Devon
South-Eastern 306
Stockton and Darlington
Taff Vale 5l
Ulster 5l
Vale of Clwyd.
Vale of Neath 251
Waterford and Kilkenny .... 31
Waterford and Limerick
West Cornwall
W.HartlepoolHarbr.&Rail 384
W'haven,Cleator,&Egrmnt 7
Whitehaven Junction . .
Whitehaven & Furness. Jun.. 35

1862. 1861.
£ £

1,921 2,072

'6
?CI 653
2,111 2,149
0,719 6,617
17,071 16,255
273 289
308 317

345
8674

132
29}
74
306
161

FOREIGN AND COLONIAL.
Antwerp and Rotterdam 52
Austrian B2B
Belgian Eastern Junction..., 26i
Buffalo and Lake Huron...,, 161 k
Detroit and Milwaukie
Dutch Rhenish lOBl 1
Eastern of France
East Indian
Grand Trunk of Canada....., 1090 1090
Great Indian Peninsula....., 4371 350}
Great Luxembourg 134 128
Great Western of Canada 345 345
Italian Junction 4O 40
Madrid, Saragossa &Alicant 4a9 435 19,153 16,716
Northern of Canada
Northern of France 7Ol 680 61,864 61,124
Ottoman
Paris, Lyons, & Mediterrn 1491 1354 138,829 140,833
Paris and Orleans 1340 1201 65,404 61,8:1
Pernambuco 6O -- 660
Royal Danish 69 69 692 691
Sambre and Meuse 6B 68 1,732 1,4 2
South Austrian
Southern of France ......
Welland. 25 25 _ 665 682

West Flanders
W. and N.W. of France 758 758 47,544 52,738

FRENCH GYMNASTICS.

A steady moderate run improves the soldier's wind, and,
by practice, can be kept up for a long time. It enables
bodies of infantry to transfer themselves, in action, to any
part of the field where they may be needed in an extremely
short time, arriving in good order and in good wind. There
can be no doubt of the value of this kind of exercise, but it
must manifestly be constantly kept up, in peace time as well
as in war, since a few months' discontinuance would neu-
tralise much of the benefit oi f.previous training..
The bayonet drill byhF giving the soldier confidence in
his weapon and teaching
means
m ofto handlettk it adroitly, furnishes
him with a powerful ,fiansdvimll ash. a precious
means means of defence in the case of attack,
sur-
rounded by several adversaries. Considered,ng finally,
'i
thebases of the instruction of the recruit, the gymnastic mnasricasste
and the bayonet fencing rid him of the original slownessp
and want of agility of the peasant who is being transformed
into a soldier. The two great principles established are
the development of the agility of the soldier, and the
mobility of masses which is attained as its results. Thus
is all our infantry transformed into light infantry, apt for
rapid movements, the which, joined to the national dash
(elan) of our troops, may produce the greatest results.
The improvements introduced into the army of so belli-
cose a nation as the French cannot but be of interest, and
worthy of noting by all other European Powers. The tac-
tics of the Zouaves especially—a branch of the French in-
fantry, which, in case of a long and serious war, would be
likely to be largely augmented—are of a particularly for-
midable nature to troops that are not prepared for them, or
which do not possess in perfection that calmness and soli-
dity which high discipline and long service alone can com-
pletely bestow, And France has always in Africa 40,000
men, whom it would take little more than a change of uni-
form to convert into Zouaves. A recent writer on the Alge-
rian army made the following remarks on the Zouaves "
The superiority of French soldiers is in a great part to
be attributed to the intelligent manner in which they fight.
Among them the Zouaves have acquired a special reputa-
tion for spontaneity of action ; they are the artists of the
battlefield. The part they play in an engagement
necessitates particular qualities; they are specially apt at
surprises, coups de main, and in those acts of daring which
often decide the fate of the day. They are the advanced
guard, the heads of columns of an army. Their fallourito
arm is the bayonet; in musketry they have but moderate
confidence; so many balls have whistled harmlessly by them
that they despise lead and give the preference to steel.
With the i
bayonet one s surer ot the result. The favourite
tactics of the Zouaves have been thus summed up by
General Cler (a distinguished French officer who com-
manded a regiment of Zouaves at the capture of Sebastopol) :
—' i
They spread themselves n skirmishing order, get as near
as possible to the enemy, bewilder him by one or two close
volleys, and attack with the bayonet, turning his flanks at
the same time. Success has almost invariably crowned this
manoeuvre, although there might be serious objections to it
with other men than Zouaves.
In fact, when they thus
dash forward they are dispersed in disorder, and it seems
impossible to rally them in case of an attack by cavalry. But
these regiments possess such an intelligence of war, such a
surprising rapidity of evolutions, so great an individual soli-
dity, that a line of skirmishers, scattered over a considerable
extent of giound, transforms itself into a square in the
space of a few minutes. The officers whb have tried their
men and know their value leave there the utmost liberty

TURIN, OCT. 15.
"M. Benedetti," we are gravely informed by the
semi-official press, "came on Monday from the place
where he is now enjoying this bright country sea-
son and had a very long interview with the Presi-
dent of the Council. The note of the Foreign
Minister, Durando, was the subject of conversation
of these two influential personages, and it is also
natural to suppose that the main object of the con-
ference was the expediency and opportunity of a
journey of M. Rattazzi to Paris, which ought to
take place within a few days." There are many of
the Italian public men whom I have occasion to
see, whom communications in this style fill with
indignation and disgust. The solution of the
Roman question is matter of vital interest and im-
portance for this country they think, but there is
something about which the Italians ought to be
anxious even more than about their national capital,
and that is their national honour and dignity. It
is unworthy of a people of 22,000,000 souls, they
urge, to be watching the sunshine or shade on the
countenance of a foreign Sovereign, as if they were
dependent on him for the very breath of their
nostrils. The Emperor Napoleon may have done
good or evil to Italy; it may be in his power to do
more ; the Roman question may rest on him alone
for a favourable solution, but there is no reason
why the Italians should be helpless and inactive;
why all their Efforts should be limited to a painful,
ignoble speculation on any whim that may happen
to pass through an uncertain and tenebrous mind;
all their business an unceasing survey of the vaga-
ries of a capricious weathercock. It was one of the
old tricks of Count Cavour to divert public attention
from domestic disorders by pointing at great foreign
contingencies. But Cavour was a man of vast genius
and unmatched good fortune. The schemes of his po-
licy were fraught with great consequences, an dit was
really worth his while, in his time, to drop the
small bone of a State of Piedmont for its great
shadow of an Italian Kingdom. There was then
little to lose and everything to gain, and the Sar-
dinian finances might well be allowed to go to rack
and ruin ; all was staked on a card that was very
nearly sure to turn up a trump as it did. But now
the great game has been played out and won ; the
country, or, at least the nation, has been made ; the
great edifice stands up quite—not nearly—com-
plete. Surely Italy is to be sought in the Italians,
not in the ruins of Rome, or even the stones of
Venice. If this country is to take its proper place
among the members of the European community;
if it is to show itself worthy of the sympathies its
cause has elicited ; even if it is to make good its
rights over Rome and Venice, and stretch its boun-
daries to the Julian Alps and the Adriatic, it is
necessary that it should live a life of its own, that
it should stand on its own ground,—assert iiself.
What can be imagined more mean, more undignified
more ungenerous than all this shilly-shallying about
M. Ratazzi's journey to Paris P It was already
sufficiently wounding to our national pride to know
that this statesman, when he compassed the down-
fall of the Ricasoli Cabinet, durst not take the
management of the Italian Government without a
previous understanding with the French Emperor.
Ever since that ill-advised Paris journey of Feb-
ruary last, the complaint has been that a French
Minister has been presiding over the affairs of Italy ;
and now, because that same Minister conceives that
government has become impossible in Italy without
Rome for a capital, we have a month's talk about a
new Paris journey in October, and, what is more,
a very long interview between the Minister and the
Ambassador to ascertain what chances there are of
such a journey proving acceptable and profitable.
When M. Ratazzi gave up the portfolio of Foreign
Affairs to General Durando, yielding to thepres-
sure of Parliament it was well felt and asserted
that for the Emperor of the French there would
be no other Foreign Minister in Italy than the man
of his choice, Rattazzi. We see, in fact, that M.
Benedetti not only transacts business with the
Home Minister when the Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs is all the while in town, at his
office, ready at hand, two or three rooms off—the
said Secretary of State counting as the merest cipher
—but the chief theme of the two great negotiators'
conversation is precisely that Durando note About
which, apparently, Durando himself is not entitled
to be heard.

Surely, this is a strange proceeding—sharp law-
yers' practice, as one might feel tempted to say ; and
all the while, as if Italy had absolutely no other task
whatever except finding her way to Rome—or the
way to Rome could not be thrown open by any other
means than the goodwill and pleasure of the French
Emperor—the whole of the semi-official Italian
press seems to have no other task but the very con-
temptible one of raking up all vague, insane, or
even positively false rumours, pretending to guess
and reveal the Emperor's real mind as to the solu-
tion of that " horrid bore" which is called the Ro-
man question ! I shall not transcribe for your edifi-
cation the offensive scraps of news by which the
Discussione, the Italie, and the Monarchia Nazzon-
ale regularly and systematically impose upon a gul-
lible public. Mere eagerness for the sale of some
hundred additional copies may be for the editor of
an unprincipled paper an irresistible temptation to
lie ; but I can assure you, men of the highest stand-
ing in the Government, and even members of the
Cabinet here, do not disdain to sanction and even
to start the idlest reports on their own responsibility,
and think they have sufficiently acquitted them-
selves of their duty as rulers of the country if they
can quiet the curious idlers by supplying even the
least wholesome garbage to the general appetite for
news.

There are many men of honour and principle in
Italy, as I said, who are heartily sick of this un-
worthy truckling to the morbid tendencies of the
people. There are men who think that the evil
should be looked boldly in the face, and who
feel sure all the Emperor's devices will come to
nought the moment the Italians cease to look up
to him as to their special providence. The Em-
peror of the French is at Rome, and shows no pre-
sent intention to quit it. The Italian nation have
declared that Rome is their own ground, their
natural, eternal capital. There let the question
rest, and let not another word be wasted on the
subject. France is unwilling to give up to Italy her
capital, Italy is prevented by gratitude, or by weak-
ness, from attempting to oust France from Rome by
might of arms, Be it so. Each party has given
out its ultimatum ; French obstinacy is not to be
deprecated, nor Italian dignity to be compromised.
Let there be no entreaty, no reproach or recrimina-
tion. Jacob had worked seven years for Rachel ; he
had to put up with Leah ; he went to
seven years more ; at the end of this second
the
it was out of Laban's power again to outwit him.
Italy cannot have her capital ; she must show
must begin
world that she can live without it.
STl:riti or Flor-
w°Pkerifoocir'
housekeeping with Leah ; settlek
atit clear that her
ence—anywhere, so as to ma
beer living, thriving,
of the
strem:th lies in her people,
in thinr:
aspiring people—not
of the Palatine.
Tiber or the plague-stricken 1
equal to the task of
Italy must show that she.
that Parliamentary in-
:in? e fogs
establishing real freedodwe 'to cast roots and ripen
stitutions may be ma
among her pelbPie; that her rulers have power to
armya anda navy,wis
wise
civil to o
administration, to
build up their Church and
security,buil build up u p e
t n o
organise
ni g
on a rational basis ; that the
task of uniting an
d decentralising is not above their
power;
that freedom bears its wonted fruits on
Italian soil;

industry, public prosperity, the cause of education,
of moralty, of humanity, exhibit signs of rapid
progress. Let Italy, in short, constitute itself into
a nation of men ; only then will her reasonable
wishes ho gratified, when she has attained great-
ness and strength enough to take no denial. There
is little doubt among honest patriots in Italy as
to the soundness and opportunity of this policy ;
there is only some misgiving as to the men fit to
carry it into execution. It would be necessary to
appear before Parliament; to have the courage to
declare that all negotiations with France have
foundered ; that the Roman question must be left
in abeyance; that war with Austria is a remote
contingency; that the Kingdom of Italy must
for an indefinite period remain within its present
limits ; that all the energies of the country should
be turned to the arrangement of internal, not of
external, affairs. Little gain would it to be to the
Italians to have Rome and Venice if they failed to
rid Naples of its camorra and brigandage, Palermo
of its stabbing societies, Milan, Bologna, and Turin
itself of their prowling robbers and lurking assassins.
Public security has made no progress anywhere in
Italy ; it has gone back by several degrees in various
quarters. This should be matter for surprise to no
one, for it is in the nature of all revolutions to throw
many bad characters loose upon society, and there
have been Bourbon bands, brigand bands, and galley
slave gangs in sufficient number dispersed about
Italy to give work for years to the most active po-
lice; but if the sad phenomenon may be explained,
it is no less to be deplored; insecurity is no less a
crying evil, and a remedy need no less be sought
with greeter eagerness than the Italians evince in
their unavailing agitation for Rome. As the police
of the country, so every other branch of administra-

lion: is in the most imperfect and unsatisfactory
state, and it is but too natural that so it should be.
That there should be evil, and very serious evil, no
one need be surprised ; but the world will soon be
not only astonished, but also disgusted, if the
Italians, instead of manfully grappling with it, con-
tinue to lie down, helpless and peevish, crying, like
children, for Rome and Venice, as if the acquisition
of Rome and Venice, by slackening their exertions
in proportion to the fulfilling of their objects, were
not more likely to add to their evils than put an end
to them.

It is said, and not without some show of reason,

that the protracted solution of the Roman question,
as the attainment of that object, is not to be
hastened by any display of energy or by any hold
resolution, has a tendency to paralyse the Italians'
activity and perpetuate their helplessness and de-
spondency. The fault, however, in my opinion,
lies not with the people, but with their rulers. None
of the Italian Ministers, since Cavour mystified
them with their vote about " Rome for a capital,"
and the form of a " Free Church in a nee State"
(political ideas which could receive their de-
velopment by himself alone)—none of the Italian
statesmen, I said, has dared to speak out to the
Italians, to lay the real state of affairs before them,
to appeal to their senses, to call forth their real
strength. They have trained them to an expectant,
transitional, pusillanimous policy ; they have taught

them to look to Paris for salvation, to lean on its
oracles, to watch its nods and becks, to accept its
statesmen and statesmanship. Were the Emperor
even full of the best intentions towards the Italians,
he cannot help them so long as they lean so heavily
and indolently on his support. Italy must have a
career, a tendency, a life of its own. So far as
Rome is concerned, she may have, perhaps, to com-
pound with France. To obtain Venice she may
have to reckon with all Europe; but to unite, orga-
nise, and tranquillise her own territory, to make it
thoroughly and permanently her own, is a task
which lies with herself alone, in which she ought
not only never to require or solicit, but strongly and
indignantly to reject, all aid, and to resent all in-
terference. The mere habit of managing her own
internal affairs will give her nerve, weight, and
determination to steer her foreign policy. When
Italy has achieved a complete victory over herself
Rome and Venice will fall to her of their own
accord, as something that it may no longer be pos-
sible—that it may no longer be worth while—for
her foes to withhold from her.