The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-06 00:00:00

THE ;.SUN, LONDON, SATURDA EVENING, SEfTEMBEIt 6, 1862

Premier through good report and through evil re-
port—the policy based upon the wise principle that
to be secure of peace we ought to be prepared for
war. Insisting upon the wisdom of that very course,
only the day previously at Banbury, what were the
homely but forcible remarks uttered directly to the
point, then and there, by that shrewd but quaint ob-
server of the times that are—overweening admirer,
though he often shows himself to be by preference
of the times that [have been—the :right hon. the
member for Oxfordshire ? Taking the si vis pacem
para bellum axiom as his text, said Mr. HENLEY
on Wednesday last at Banliury—" It was all non-
sense to suppose that we should stand still unmoved
when we saw an enemy pulling his coat off, with a
lot of guns and swords lying close at hand. It was
natural for us to pull our coats off and double up
our fists under those circumstances. People said it
was disagreeable to ' pay the piper,' but it was cer-
tainly.more pleasant to ' pay the piper and have
peace' than pay and fight." Well said, Mr.
HENLEY! Let those honest, manly, patriotic
words of the old Tory Country Gentleman be taken
well to heart by the Conservative Opposition. They
are as good in their way, and almost as whimsical, as
his celebrated holding up in terrorem before Whigs
and Tories, Liberals and Conservatives together
of that notable threat of the possibility of a certain
" ugly rush" sometime in the hereafter ! Happily,
all parties are pretty well agreed both within and
without the walls of the imperial legislature as to
the necessity there is for a wealthy mercantile man
like the people inhabiting these islands, and having
possessions scattered far and wide over all quar-
ters of the habitable globe being always ready for
any warlike emergency. The only question now
is, how to do this, how to secure this grand result
the most effectively P Whether by multiplying our
iron-clad steam-ships of war driven by the screw
propeller ? Or, by turning out rifled cannon from
Sir WILLIAM ARMSTRONG'S workshops by the
hundred ? Or, by building up at the cost of many
millions certain gigantic and elaborate fortifications ?
Well—while the matter still continues in dispute
—the Volunteers of the United Kingdom have
already in some degree solved it. They have, at
any rate, narrowed the necessity for preparation.
They have diminished the amount of the
responsibility in this way at all times devolving
upon the Government. Numbering already
160,000 riflemen, the Volunteers are even now
in peace gradually increasing their numbers : they
are perpetually improving by practice in the use of
their distinctive weapon, and in their general dis-
cipline: as a Civic Guard. Let but the war blast
sound at any time as a signal of danger, and their
aggregate of 160,000 will magically be enhanced,
we may be certain, to a quarter of a million, or if
need be to half a million, of patriotic and resolute
Riflemen ! All these—like the present—Volun-
teers !

England has, this morning, lost one of her higher'

dignitaries—the Highest Ecclesiastieal one—bu

one whose loss will in no way modify, we may pre-
sume, the even tenor of her way. The Archbishop

of Canterbury was well known as a man of very
decided Low Church principles—all his writings
have the marks of his strong convictions on the sub-

ject; the very topics of a great part of them would
suggest the inference that he thought much more
of the Book to which all Protestants gave the

supreme place, than of our " incomparable liturgy,"
and all the ceremonial services in which the opposite
party so greatly rejoice. He was, practically, also,
a man who showed his willingness to associate with
ministers, not of the Apostolical succession, and
with Christians of other creeds than his own. On
a late occasion a meeting for prayer and mutual con•
ference, if we remember rightly, was held at his

own palace, at which he presided in person, and at
which ministers of different denominations were pre.
sent; and he attended, and, if we remember rightly,
presided at, a mixed public meeting at Exeter Hall.
He was, of course, therefore, the representative in

our Church of the other extreme to that which the
Bishop of EXETER has led. His temperament was
naturally, moreover, as different as his principles,
from that of his ecclesiastical opponent, if so we
may call him ; indeed his faults, such
as they were, were rather those of
yielding, than of fiery resistance. It was
thus that he was dragged, it was always understood
against his will, into giving way to the Bishop of
OXFORD and the convocationists, and permitting
that anomalous body to talk for two or three days
on their assembling with Parliament. His disposi-
tion preferred the quiet and usual course. And
perhaps he had sufficient sagacity to perceive that
if convocation became a reality the tenure of
Bishops to their places in the House of Lords must
inevitably be short.
Of the "Lucky SUMNERS" the late Archbishop

was of course the luckiest. He was, however, one

who owed his promotion quite as much to merit
and worth as to luck. When mere scholarship
went formore than it ought, in such a practical post
as a Bishop, he had fair claims on that ground ;
and his character was the very one to mark him for
a post in which no vehement partisan, no wilful
man, could be safely placed. With a firm attach-
ment to his own principles in church matters,
he was naturally of a conciliating temper, and
more disposed to win than to overpower those
who differed from him ;- and of his knowledge on
the special special subject which might be supposed
the engrossing one with a Christian Bishop, he
has left a fair show of works for the day, if not
any likely long to survive his own memory. We
do not need, however, the fire of genius in an
Archbishop. The mens divinior is a rather unsafe
gift for a Lambeth divine. The mind which can
keep the ruts of routine is the one which a wise
Premier has always preferred to place at the head
of the Priesthood of England. Originality in an
Archbishop might almost convulse the pulpits of
our churches, and fill every circle with theological
discussions, the less of which the better, as most
prudent Prime Ministers unanimously hold.

The archbishop has lived to enjoy a full share
of the good things provided by his Church.
Born in 1780, at forty be had a canonry in Gol-
den Durham ;
eight years later he was made
Bishop of Chester
; and, after enjoying that post
for twenty years, was made Archbishop of Can-
terbury in 1848, at the age of sixty-eight. There
would be no danger of any Prime Minister ap-
pointing to this high office any man of unsuitable
character, or likely to give trouble to Governments,
but just now our bishop-making Premier will not
probably
change even the theology of Lambeth.
Advised
PALMERSTON is known to be on
his choice of Bishops,
neither a High Churchman,
s Lord
however moderately so, nor a Broad Churchman,
will have much chance. The Low Church party
to enjoy the honour
will, in all probability, continue
of a Primate selected from
amongst them.
Who will attain it is, of course, not known as
yet, Probably Lord
PALISLRSTON has already con-
sulted his adviser on such subjects, and pretty well
made up his wind. Lord AUCKLAND,
the Bishop
of Bath and Wells, is mentioned as the most
likely successor. To few Premiers have fallen
the good fortune to have, within a very short period

of office, two such apostolical benaces to dispose of
as those of Armagh and Canterbury.

The soldiers of the King of ITALY having in-
flicted two wounds upon GARIBALDI--the phy-
sician of the King of ITALY has been graciously
sent to the mutilated Hero by the SOVEREIGN ! We
now learn, moreover, a little more precisely than
before the nature of those two wounds received by
the Hero at Aspromonte. One of them appears to
have been a gun shot wound in the thigh, a wound
slightly grazing the thigh or bruising it—but of
no serious importance. The other wound, we learn,
was produced by a rifle-ball penetrating the ankle
joint, fracturing the right tibial malleolus. As the
official organ of the Government, the Gazzetta di
Torino, which announces the nature of this wound in a
formal bulletin, observes, under date sth Sept. (yes-
terday), " Inflamation had set in ;" though it adds
reassuringly—"but there were no alarming symp-
toms." While such are the tidings that come to us
from Turin, under date as recently as yesterday, we
have from Genoa (much nearer than Turin to the
scene of GARIBALDI'S present sufferings and
im-
prisonment) we learn from the Genoese Movimento
that though the Patriot's appetite was "good"—that
though he was " calm"—he was also " rather
feverish." And, again, the Illovimento of yes-
terdays tell us that according to the report
of the physician in attendance upon the
General, up to three o'clock on Thursday, the
sufferings of General GARIBALDI were " not very
acute," implying by the word we have italicised
that they were" acute." Pondering upon all which we
hardly feel very much surprise, when we are told, at
the same time, that since the wounding and seizure
of GARIBALDI at Aspromonte, the Fallen Hero--
though " calm,' as we have said—has scarcely
opened his lips to any one. Who can wonder at it ?
More particularly, if GARIBALDI is aware, as is bat
probable, that the authorities of the Government of
King VICTOR EMMANUEL are, in the midst of his
sufferings, meditating his formal Trial for High
Treason before an extraordinary Court of justice!
Altogether it is a lamentable situation for all parties
—no particle of good, whatever having
as yet come of it ! For—so far from
a solution to the Roman Difficulty having been
extorted from the French EMPEROR by the
painful triumph achieved by the RATTAZZI Cabinet,
in putting down the Rebellion, and thrusting
GARIBALDI, as a prisoner of war, into the fortress
of Varignano—the Court news from Paris has
blandly informed Europe that their MAJESTIES and
the Prince Imperial had duly gone upon the day
appointed down to Biarritz. Consequently, that
there is, after all, another and, as usual, an indefi-
nite postponement. And, in the meantime, forth
came last evening the promised pronunciamento of
the Viscomte DE LA GUERRONIERE, signed by him-
self, in the columns of La France—that almost
avowed organ, not of his Majesty the Emperor
NAPOLEON himself, it is true, but of
his MAJESTY'S better half, the Empress
EUGENIE. Says M. DE LA GUERRONIERE,
in La France yesterday evening, speaking directly
to the Question of the Abandonment of Rome by
France—" The moment has arrived when the
French Government must choose between the policy
which demads the abandonment of Rome, involving
the fall of the POPE and the unity of Italy, and
that which requires a limited occupation, with a
fixed object, and under formal reserves calculated
to reconcile the independence of the HOLY FATHER
with the legitimate aspirations of the Roman people
for the development of their political existence."
Precisely. Yes or No—that is the alternative. It
has been quite long enough before Europe. It
ought now, in reason and justice to all parties,
to be settled at last, and to be settled for once and
for all—definitively. Yet while the imperial scribe
acknowledges the necessity—he himself goes on in
his argument to demonstrate the possibility of Italy
being constituted "without Rome for her Capital!"
Their Imperial, Majesties having already gone on—
to Biarritz. " The moment has arrived"—in theory.
It has not arrived—in fact. How long is this slate
of uncertainty to last in Enrope ? Can Italy, can
England, can all Christendom still continue to wait
on patiently—for what ?—for the French EMPE-
ROR'S convenience ?

DEATH OF THE ARCHBISHOP
OF CANTERBURY.

His grace the Lord Primate departed this life
at a few minutes after three o'clock this morning,
at the archiepisopal palace of Addington, near

Croydon.
The last moments of the venerable primate were
calm and peaceful, and he died without buffering.
John Bird Sumner, Archbishop of Canterbury,
was the legal head of the Church and chief of the
"Low Church," or Evangelical party. As a cleri-
cal dignitary, Dr. Sumner has been truly described
as the very oppostte of Dr. Philpotts, Bishop of
Exeter; and they may be examples of the two
extreme parties, between which the clergy of the
Church of England is just now divided. Dr. Sum-
ner was formerly Bishop of Chester, and is elder
brother to Dr. C. R. Sumner, Bishop of Winchester.
Archbishop Sumner was a Liberal in politics, and
in character was conciliatory, laborious, and high-
principled. He was the inflexible opponent of the
Romanising-Tractarian-Puseyite clergy. He was.
Primate of all England and Metropolitan, and
Doctor of Divinity; was translated in 1848. He
was the eldest son of the Rev. Robert Sumner,
M.A.; grandson of Dr. John Sumner, Pro-
vost of King's College, 1756-72; was born 1780 ;
married, 1823, daughter of Capt. George Robertson,
R.N. He was educated at King's college,
Cam bridge. His Universityhonisoeu,raspwreirzee-m—aßnr,olwBnoe2's;_
Medallist (Latin), 1800 ; Hu
B.A. 1803 ; M.A. 1807 ; D.D. 1828. Former pre-
ferments—Canon of Durham, 1820 ; consecrated
Bishop of Chester, 1828. Patronage—Archdea-
conries of Canterbury and Maidstone; two canon-
ries ; six preacherships in Canterbury Cathedral;
168 benefices ; the total annual value of which is
£61,973. Diocese—the county of Kent (excepting
the city and deanery of Rochester), and some
parishes in the diocese of London; number of bene-
fices, 346. His published works were—" Apostolical
Preaching Considered ;" " Charges at Chester ;"
" Evidencies of Christianity ;" " Exposition of the
Acts of the Apostles ;"—" of St. James, St. Peter,
&c."—" of St. John"—" of St. Luke"—" of St.
Matthew and St. Mark"—" of the Romans and Ist
Corinthians"—" of the 2d Corinthians ;" " Four
Sermons on Christian Ministry ;" " Sermons on
Christian Charity ;" " Sermons on the Christian
Faith ;" " Sermons on the Festivals;" "Treatise
on the Records of the Creation," &c.

The Duke of Newcastle has left town for Clumber
Park, Notts.
The Duchess Dowager of Beaufort and Lady
Edith Somerset have left Llangattock Park for Dupplin
Castle, Perthshire.
Frances Anne, Marchioness of Londonderry, is
receiving a succession of visitors at Garron Tower, county
Antrim.

The Earl Granville has arrived at his residence
in Bruton-street, from visiting the Duke of Devonshire at
Balton Abbey, Yoikshire.
Lord Rivers has returned to Thomas's Hotel,
Berkeley-square, from Wrotham Park, near Barnet.
Lord and Lady
visit the Countess of Listowel, at Convamore, Mallow,
Ireland. Proby have left Elton Hall to

The Count and Countess Schoenkirchens, Baron
Stiellfried, and Count and Countess Wursenbrand have
arrived at Claridge's Hotel from the Isle of Wight.
The Right Hon. Sir Geo. Grey arrived in town
on Thursday evening, from his seat, Falloden, Northum-
berland,

IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT. —Notwithstanding all
that has been done towards the abolition of imprisonment
for debt, the returns show that 13,591 debtors were com-
mitted to the prisons of England and Wales in the course
of the year 1861, 646 of them women. In the five years
1852.56 the average was 10,009 a year; in the five years,
1857-61, 14,275. At the end of 1861 the number in prison
was 1,315, which was 255 more than at the beginning of
the year.

THE HATIVEST.—The weather on Thursday and
yesterday was favourable in the eastern district for the
completion of harvest work. A letter from Essex says :
" Up to Tuesday morning the weather was all that could be
desired for the ingathering of the remainder of the harvest,
and rapid progress was made up to that day, when heavy
rains set in with thunderstorms, in various parts of the
county. Although a considerable fall of grain occurred,
the wheat in trave has by no means suffered, and,if fine
weather succeeds, will be rather benefited than other-

LATEST NEWS.

TURIN, SEPT. 5.

The companions of Garibaldi who disembarked
with him at Spezzia were conveyed last night to
Fenestrelle.

Some Garibaldians, disbanded after the conflict
at Aspromonte, have been taken. Others have
voluntarily surrendered to the authorities.

The Gazetta di Torino of to-day says :
" The Ministry wishes Garibaldi to be tried by
a military tribunal, but, foreseeing the possibility
of such a tribunal declaring itself incompetent, it
has submitted the question to a conference of the
Procureurs-G en eral."

The official Gazett6 publishes a bulletin of the
health of Garibaldi, which states that the ball has
penetrated the ankle joint and fractured the right
tibial malleolus. Inflammation has set in, but there
are no alarming symptoms.

GENOA, SEPT, 5.

A bulletin has been issued to-day by the physi-
cians attending upon Garibaldi, stating that the
general symptoms exhibited by their patient are
very satisfactory.

The Movimento of to-day publishes a report of
the physician who is in attendance on Garibaldi,
according to which, up to 3 o'clock yesterday, the
sufferings of the General were not very acute. The
patient was calm, bat rather feverish. His appetite
was good.

The wound of Menotti Garibaldi is not very

serious.

The report of the death of Missori has been con•

tradicted.
The Royal Princes arrived this morning at Genoa.

MESSINA, SEPT. 4, EVENING.
The state of public feeling in this city is excel-
lent.

A column of Garibaldians, commanded by Traselli,
were surprised yesterday morning by a battalion
of the 65th Regiment of the line, and lost their
arms, baggage, and 90 prisoners, among whom
were a major, a captain, 10 offieers and six deserters
from the Royal troops. The latter were shot.
The remainder of the Garibaldians were met by
a battalion of the 45th Regiment, which took 80
more of them prisoners.
Traselli then sent a flag of truce, giving his
word of honour that the column should lay down
their arms and disperse within 48 hours.

NAPLES, SEPT. 4, EVENING.
Yesterday evening 30 prisoners escaped from the
prison of Castel Capuano.
All of them have, however, been recaptured.

VIENNA, SEPT. 5.

On Wednesday last negociations took place at
Cettigne between the Turks and Montenegrins, in
the presence of the Russian Consul. The former
demanded that Montenegro should recognise the
suzerainty of the Porte ; that Mirko should be
removed from the Montenegrin teraitory, and that
the Turkish troops should always be allowed to
march through Spuz and Niksich.
These conditions not being accepted by the Mon-
tenegrins, the march of the Turkish troops to Cet-
tigne will commence to-day.