The Sun.
London, England, 1865-07-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 25, 1865.

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The Atlantic T elegraph Expedition.

VaLENTIA, July 23.

Yesterday morning the first great step in this im-
portant undertaking was accomplished by hauling
on land the massive shore end up to the cliffs at the
south-western extremity of this island, and there
successfully laying it from the Caroline out into
deep water to a distance of 25 miles at sea. By
nearly a fortnight the time has been overpassed
when this should have been completed. In part the
delay has been due to the overweight and under-
power of the Caroline herself, and in part also to
the very unsettled state of the weather. The falla-
cious value of averages has never been more strik-
ingly exemplified than in the weather predicted for
all these *Atlantic expeditions. The first of all took
place in August, during which month it was care-
fully ascertained by reference to logs and nautical
authorities that no wind was to be expected in the
Atlantic. Yet at some 300 miles from shore the
pitching of the Agamemnon in a heavy wind and
sea parted the cable, and thus put an effectual end
to both prediction and expedition for that year. In
the following year it was attempted in June, dur-
ing which month bad winds were said to be un-
known, and the result of that arrangement was that
the Agamemnon was at least two days in hourly
danger of succumbing to one of the worst gales that
ever swept the Atlantic, and which culminated on
the very day when storms were said to be unheard
of —the 21st of June. This time July has been
chosen as the period when it never blows " long or
strong," and the Great Eastern was to haveleft here
on the 12th of this month. Yet gales of unusual se-
verity haie retarded her till now. In the present in-
stance the choice of July seems to have been more
than usually unfortunate, inasmuch that it is stated
here that last month was the calmest and finest
known for years, while this month, on the contrary,
has been precisely the very opposite. To-day, how-
ever, all seems to promise fairly, and if everything
goes well with the electrical perfectness of the splice
to the shore end, the great Eastern, large as she is,
will be out of sight before dusk this evening, 50
miles on her way to Newfoundland. The place
chosen for the landing of the shore end on this occa-
sion is different from that selected on the two pre-
vious expeditions, and the change is on the whole an
improvement. It is one of those deep inlets between
the hills and headlands of this iron-bound coast,
about a mile long by half a mile wide, with its
mouth almost closed against the sea by a ragged ir-
regular knoll of heath and rock, called Butler's
Island. Behind this little island, not much larger
than the Green Park, the waters of Foilhommerum
Bay, as it is called, are calm and still enough, and
the sheer black precipices 300 ft high which form the
boundaries of the deep waters are seldom marked
with foam. Anything more picturesque than the
rugged grandeur of this little bay can scarcely be
conceived, with its gaunt dark cliffs, seamed here and
there with gaps and rents, like mountains fallen into
ruins. In almost every part they have a steepness
which is nearly perpendicular, and it makes ono
equally giddy to look up at or down from
them. At the head of the little bay is a rough
indication of an earthwork, but only just enough to
show what was once its regular outline. This is one
of Cromwell's old forts. At its northern extremity
towards the sea rises Bray Head, one of the huge
savage-looking mountains which, running out into
the sea, double the dangers of this dangerous coast,
though, from a landisman'ta point of yiew, they aro'

invaluable, adding so much to the stern grandeur of
the scene. From the peak of Bray head the mist is
seldom moved, and at its ponderous base the blue
waters seldom touch but they are churned into flakes
of foam, as the waves keep booming with regular
beat against its cliffs, calm or storm, winter or sum-
mer ; against this p pint—the first land which the
great roll of the Atlantic meets—the surge is never
quiet. Into this bay so sheltered by the island and
Bray Head the Caroline was brought round as early
as Friday ; but though all was still enough inside
the cove nothing could be done beyond it, where
amid thick clouds of driving rain a thundering swell
came rolling in which the ships could not attempt to
meet. Yesterday, however, the day was calm, and,
what was better still, the little wind that stirred was
off the shore, giving smooth water in Foilhummerum
Bay. At 8 o'clock, therefore, the landing of the
shore end was commenced, Sir Robert Peel, M.P.,
the Knight of Kerry, Lord John Hay, Mr. Glass,
Mr. Edwards, Dr. Russell, Mr. Barber, and Mr. J.
C. Parkinson coming down early to witness it. It
is curious that of all the large party who came out
in the Great Eastern especially to be present at this
first ceremonial only four contrived to get across the
land in time, and it need scarcely be added that these
four were representatives of the press. All others failed
to pass through the beautiful mountainous district
which intervenes between ,GI engariffe and Valentia
early enough to witness the ry t':ing which they came
out to see. The landing of the shore end was begun
soon after 8 o'clock, and the sight was as interesting
as it was picturesque. From the stern of the Caro-
line, moored some 600 or 800 yards from shore, an
unbroken line of boats was formed to the beach,
each filled with a crew of picked boatmen from all
the neighbouring harbours and inlets. These were
under the direction and guidance of experienced
" cable men," who in detached cutters and gigs com-
manded up and down the line. The first few lengths
were soon got out, but thence, dragging its ponder-
ous mass along the line of craft was a slow, labori-
ous business, and it only came out foot by foot,
though some 300 or 400 powerful men were pulling
on it well together. It took nearly two hours to
pass it over the string of boats, and by that time all
the rugged cliffs were crowded by peasantry, who
not only thronged the steep, dangerous sort of zig-
zag path which gives access to the head of the bay,
but were perched about on little jets and points
where any foothold was to be gained, and often
where their stand was so precarious that it startled
one to look up at them. Nor did the interest evinced
end here, for the brow of the cliff itself was deco-
rated with extemporised flags made out of little
cotton streamers of all kinds, bright-coloured shawls,
or even pocket-handkerchiefs. Of course these little
emblems of the enthusiasm of the island were not
calculated to bear a close inspection, but seen from
the bay below they gave a wonderful relief of colour
to its stern dark bands of cliff, and a sort of life
and play to the rigidity of rocks, which it seemed
that earthquakes themselves could scarcely move.
As it happened, however, the interest of the
islanders was rather prematurely evinced. Not
only had the cable to be landed, but quite a mile in
excess was to be hauled on shore to pass up the cliff
and across a couple of fields which led to the Tele-
graph-house, and gave communication through the
land lines to London. But no sooner was the first
atom of the end of the cable seen near the shore
than a wild " Hooroo" arose from those on land
who saw it coming. With a contagion characteristic
of the people the enthusiasm passed rapidly down-
wards from those on the cliffs to the groups on the
winding path, and thence like a current of electri-
city into the cable boats themselves, the crews of
which joined in the shouting, and seeing the end so
near the land, and, concluding their work well done,
at once proceeded to heave the massive rope into
the sea. From boat to boat the first bad example
was followed by all until, to the dismay of the cable-
men, who could not gain a hearing amid the con-
tinued cheers, every fathom up the stern of the
Caroline was thrown overboard. The result of this
touching enthusiasm was that every foot had to be
underrun, preparatory to the whole operation be-
ginning de novo. It took some time to effect this,
during which it is but fair to say the Irish were
silent and dispirited enough, and in reply to the
admonitions of the Knight of Kerry promised to re-
frain from cheering till at least all was done—a
promise which they
kept faithfully. When the cable
had been underrun, hauled into the boats again, and
the shore end really began to come on land, and
was stowed away in
gigantic circles at the foot of
the cliff, the scene was one of real animation. Num-
bers of men were in the water up to their waists or
shoulders easing the cable over the rocks, while
along the steep path up the cliffs was a close row of
figures, men and boys, of every rank, from the well-
to-do-farmer down to the poorest cottier, all pu -
ing at the cable with a will, and, as if in atonement
for their first fault of enthusiasm, obeying with
silent and most childlike docility every signal made
by Mr. Glass or Mr. Canning as to when they were
to haul or slack away. Above them, and danger-
ously near the edges of the heights, was a fringe of
eager lookers-on, while the slopes beyond were
dotted with bright groups of the country gentry
who had ridden or driven in to see the " lauding."
By 12 o'clock the cable was well up the groove
which had been cut in the face of the cliff for its re-
ception, and from this point the work of carrying its
massive coils across the meadows to the receiving-
house beyond was soon accomplished, and at a little
before 1 o'clock the end taken over roads, hedges, and
ditches was safely housed in the sanctum sanctorunz
—the testing-room. Here the the batteries were at
once applied, and showed both conductivity and in-
sulation to the last fathom in the hold in the Caro-
line absolutely perfect, and no sooner was this all-
important fact ascertained than the Hawk took the
Caroline in tow, while the rest of the cable was paid
out to sea. Amid the most earnest cheers from the
crowds both vessels started on their short cruise, and
at the same time, in the testing-room of the Receiv-
ing-house the Knight of Kerry and Sir R. Peel of-
fered their warm congratulations to Mr. Glass on
the success so far achieved. An unfortunate break-
down
in the land line to Killarney prevented any
communication with London until the evening was
so far advanced as to make telegraphing what was
done almost useless.
The mere operation of sinking the shore end was
easily,
end
buoyed in
weight,
and at 11 last night signals came
through all wa well, from its enormous
and the
A. steamer was sent
round to the Great Eastern yesterday, telling her to
hold
morn-
ing. She is expected to be off the b
s
uoy outside be-
tween 10 and 11 to-day. Making the splice with the
shore end and testing carefully through it will oc-
cupy at least six hours, and this last joint of the
Atlantic cable once satisfactorily completed her
great journey will begin. She is expected to leave
about 5 o'clock this evening. During the time she
has lain at Beerhaven the condition of the cable has
been perfect. The weather is calm for the present,
and on the weather all now 'depend,.

VALENTIA, July 24.
A dispiriting message has been received from the
Great Eastern, p.m., announcing some
defects of insuladtaitoend. 4 30
The mischief is supposed to
exist about two or three miles west of the shore-
end splice, believed to be caused by the Great
Eastern pulling on her end of the cable with too
mu cm
he e strain before the shore-end splice was pro-
perlyl completed.

Tho Great Eastern remains hove to in lat. 52,
long. 10, about 80 miles from shore.
The Hawk goes away to her to-night, and the
Caroline is going to pick up and underrun the splice
and repair the fault.

Not the slightest apprehension exists as to the

complete and immediate repair of the damage to
insulation.

The rest of the cable remains perfect., and even
now the signals to the Clearing-house are very dis-
tinct.

THE GENERAL ELECTION.

-4:11. -

HERTFORDSHIRE.
DECLARATION OF THE POLL.

[Tlie following appeared in our latest edition of last
evening] :

The assemblage in the Plough Field at Hertford
this forenoon was particularly numerous, well-
tempered, and enthusiastic. The successful candi-
dates spoke in the order in which they were re-
turned, and each of them in his way very effectively.
The lion. Henry Cowper paid a graceful tribute to
the right hon. baronet who stood next to him on
the poll, Sir Bulwer Lytton in his turn delivering a
singularly brilliant hustings speech, in spite of
frequent interruptions. Mr. Surtees' expression of
thanks was brief and judicious. Even the defeated
candidate, Mr. Abel Smith, gallantly made an ap-
pearance before the electors, thanking his own sup-
porters, but accepting his defeat like a man. The
numbers given by the Sheriff as those of the cor-
rected calculation at the actual close of the poll on
Friday were as follows :
Cowper ... ... ... 2536
Lytton ... ... ... 2485
Surtees ... ... ... 2478
Smith ... ... ... ... 2447

A result showing that Sir Bulwer Lytton was
only fifty-one below the Hon. Henry Cowper—Mr.
Surtees polling fifty-eight and Mr. Abel Smith
ninety-nine less than the Liberal candidate, now
the newly-elected representative of Hertfordshire.
It is understood that many of the votes promised
to the Conservatives were on the day of polling not
forthcoming.

[The following is a fuller account of the addresses de-
livered by the hon. members]:—
Mr. H. COWPER then came forward amidst the
vehement and prolonged cheers of his party, and said
he begged to express to them his most sincere thanks
for the great honour they had done him in placing
him in the high position which he then occupied.
He also wished to offer them his most hearty con-
gratulations on the great victory they had achieved.
(Cheers.) That was the first victory of a Liberal
in that county since the Reform Bill after an actual
contest. (Cries of " and the last," and counter
cries of " and not the last.") They had hitherto
been in a minority, although in so large a minority
that their opponents had been willing upon many
occasions to concede to them a seat which they
feared, perhaps, that if it came to a contest they
might win for themselves. But after the victory of
Mr. Surtees last year it was declared from the
hustings by Mr. Abel Smith that the days of com-
promise were at an end. (Hear, hear.) He did
not allude to that subject in any way in the spirit
of retaliation ; he was merely stating a fact. The
Liberals, however, thought that they were excluded
from their share in the representation of the county ;
and from that time to this they had made the most
untiring efforts, which had on Friday last been
crowned with success. (Cheers.) They knew well
that they would have to fight against the whole
strength and influence of the party on
his left hand—of a party which he hoped
was opposed to him only on political grounds.
(Hear, hear.) A large body of the clergy, also,
many of whom were liberally inclined, had refused
to support him because they entertained the opinion
which he hoped lie would prove to them hereafter
to be erroneous, that he was opposed to the true in-
terests of the Church. (Hear, hear.) But they
had not only to fight with force ; they had also to
fight with fraud. (Cheers and uproar.) On Thurs-
day evening there was sent round to all his sup-
porters in London a document—not signed with his
name, but calculated to create the impression that it
had been written by him—in which it was stated
that one of the Conservatives had withdrawn, and
that therefore he should not require his friends to
come down on the polling day to give him their
votes. (Hear, hear.) It was hardly necessary for
him to characterise that as one of the meanest and
most scandalous of political devices (cheers), but a
device proceeding, not from the Conservative party,
because he fully believed that such a step would be
as eagerly repudiated by that party as it was indig-
nantly denounced by his own friends. (Cheers.)
It was, he was sure, the act, not of a party or of
any section of a party, but of some wholly unautho-
rised individual. (Hear, hear.) Well, with regard
to their opponents, he should only observe that,
as they had two seats to dispose of, it was for
them to decide who were the members they
should select. That was a matter with which
the Liberals had nothing to do. But he believed
he was only speaking the sense of the whole
party which he represented when he said that
they were heartily glad that Sir E. B. Lytton had
been one of the candidates returned—(cheers)—for
they all believ.ed that the new Parliament would be
incomplete without a man of such great distinction
and ability. (Renewed cheers.) He had, in con-
clusion, only to to thank them again and again for
their untiring exertions on his behalf. He felt the
responsibility which their choice had imposed upon
him, and he could only promise them that he would
do his best to show that he was not wholly unde-
serving of such a favour. (Loud cheers.)

Sir E. B. LYTTON next came forward amidst en-
thusiastic cheering, in which many of the members
of the Liberal party joined, and addressed the meet-
ing as follJws :—Gentlemen and electors of Hort-
fordshire,—l come before you to-day with very
mingled feelings, to which I shall find it difficult to
give even the briefest expression. On the one hand,
I have to thank you for having done me the honour
to re-elect me for the fifth time to serve you in Par-
liament. On the other hand, I have not only to
acknowledge a defeat to the Conservative cause in
this county, but I have to lament the loss of a col-
league--(interruption and derisive cheers from the
Liberal party)—with every allowance for the excite-
ment—the natural excitement —of victory, which
so many of you must feel, I wonder that as Eng-
lishmen you can doubt the sincerity of what I say
—(hear, hear)—I do lament the loss of a colleague
with whom I have fought side by side during a pro-
longed and an arduous contest, finding every
day fresh reason for that respect and regard
in which I had previously held him. (Cheers.) Now,
before I proceed further, let me, not only in the
name of the candidates—not only in the name of
the chairman of our Conservative Association—not
only in the name of our London committee, but in
the name of every honest Conservative—(cheers and
uproar)—deny and repudiate in the strongest lan-
guage which a man can use any suspicion that any
one of .us whom we can know or detect was the
author of an electioneering fraud, which I agree in
stamping with the same language of reprobation
which Mr. Cowper has employed. (Cheers.) I can
only suppose that it must have been the act of some
individual who was altogether unacquainted with
any one of us, and with whom, I am sure, that if
we were acquainted, we shuald drop and relinquish
and renounce that acquaintance from that day
forward. (Cheers.) It was said by a French king
after he had encountered defeat in a great battle
that all was lost except honour. (Hear, hear.) But
in the battles of public life, so long as honour is
kept nothing is permanently lost. (Hear, hear.) Mr.
Smith has the advantage of youth, and we all know
that fortune is a fickle goddess, and, like females in
general, she is never long unkind to the young.
(Laughter.) And therefore I trust that that defeat,
which we acknowledge he has suffered to-day—and I
believe, on my honour, that I regret that defeat more
than he does—l trust that that defeat will be suc-
ceeded upon a future occasion—(cheers)—by a vic-
tory all the more precious and more lasting because
of that reaction in his favour which I venture