The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-06 00:00:00

BANK RETURNS.

The Bankers' Magazine furnishes the returns of the cir-
culation of the Private and Joint-Stock Banks in England
and Wales for the four weeks ending June 28. These
returns, combined with the circulation of the Scotch and
Irish Banks for the same period, and the average eirenia-
tion of the Bank of England for the four weeks ending the
25th June (the nearest date furnished by their returns),
will give the following results of the circulation of notes in
the United Kingdom, when compared with the previous
month :

1862. 1862. Increase Decrease.
Bank of England 20,854,905 20,650,932 203,973
Private Banks 3,282,20 3,111,023
Joint-stock Banks 2,966,608 2,842,686 123,922 111,183
Total in England 27,103,719 26,634,641 469,078
Scotland. .. 4,609, 104954 4,261,
Ireland
3 -
343,941
, ,567 36,292,698 United Kingdom. 37451
-

jun.,
And, as compared with the month ending the 29111488,424
1861, the above returns show an increase of ;limas° of
in the circulation of notes in England, and. as increase
:
i 1,042,133 in the circulation of the United. Kins of the save-
On comparing the above with the fixed =dation :
The banks the following is the state of the fixed
The English. private banks are bebir ---„
....... £1,206,885
issue .............................. their
The English. joint-stock hanks
are.
........... £459,671
fixed issue ....................

England.... £1,666,556
Total below fixed issue in
The Scotch, banks are above their fixed issue .. £1,511,833
The Irish banks are below their fixed issue .... £957,541
of bullion held by the Bank of Eng-
land in both dePartmen dinurigng
as
average stook the month ending the 25th
June was X 15,424,478, tr
a decrease of £1,252,684
compared with tho prevn_ms. month, and an increase of
£3,176,184 when compared with the same period last year.
The following are the amounts of specie held by the Scotch
and Irish banks during the month ending the 2Sth Tune :
Gold and silver held by the Scotch banks .. .. 52,649,772
Gold and silver held by the Irish bank 5.....,.. 2,138,387

X 4,788,159
with the
Being a decrease of £44,331 as win compared
previous return, and an increase of L 57, whenl9re
with the corresponding period of last year•

LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, Aug. s."—The
cotton raaaket has been rather dull to-day, and the sales do
not exceed 5,000 bales-3,500 on speculation and for export.
Prices are without change.
THE GLASGOW MIIRDER.—When the clothing
uh
see
belonging to the murdered woman was recovered at the
Bridge-street railway station, the articles were inclosed in a
d in
d
Gtiniasbgooxw. . Soinucenithdaeny
and
Thomson were Passing along last, while Sub-inspectors Smith the police have been endeavouring to
discover whether or not the
Argyle-street,
beeni.heaßdtree
t, they observed
in
purchased
in the window of the shop of Mr. James Fullerton, iron-
monger,stin box, resembling in appearance the One which
contained the clothing. They entered the h
8 op, and after
ow:air:dog the box, they found that it contained a private
mark, similar to one upon the box which was recovered.
It was subsequently discovered that
chased in Mr. Fullerton's shop on Saturdaythe box had been pm'
the day on which the murder the sth July,
committed, and that the
purchaser was the prisoner McLachlan, o ~s been iden-
tified by the shopizan. w- box she put
After purchasing the
a parcel into it, and requested that it should be kept for till
she [called again. The box was accordingly left in the
shop, and in two or three days afterwards she returned and
carried it 4—G/wow /brow.

L'l4'l
-7 1'
•

`~:-•..

T TIE SUN.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 6, 1862.

Everything still—in Central Italy, in Northern
—appears to be in active
Italy, in Southern Italy
preparation. GARIBALDI'S Proclamation from Pa-
lermo, calling the youth of Italy to arms, and giving
them as a battle cry, " Rome or Death"—has not
only, as we know, been promptly answered by the
KING'S counter Proclamation from Turin, declaring
any and every such summons to arms to be trea-
sonous and insurrectionary—but this royal counter-
proclamation we now learn has been formally
placed in the hands of GARIBALDI by a deputation
from Gen. CUGE A, headed by the Duke DELAVER-
MIRA ! Receiving this deputation in the midst of
his personal friends alid attendants, General GARI-
BALDI is said to have at once " repelled their en-
treaties." He is described, indeed, to have evi-
denced so deep and profound a disrelish for anything
at all in the way of mere temporising, that he refused
to receive from tho hands of these same messengers a
letter written to him by his intimate friend General
MEDICI. The Royal Proclamation has, therefore,
manifestly failed in altering the hero's plans and
determinations. In truth, GARIBALDI had already
too fat eammitud himself to allow of his turning
back -without an appearance of humiliation. He had
drawn tha-aw- ord. He has now apparently flung away
the scabbard.
According to the latest advices from
Sicily, GARIBALDI—after this interview of his with
the bearers of thexi,o'sProclamation—still remains
in the interior of the island mustering his forces.
A Civil War may faere-
'mrtrequently be fairly con-
sidered to have begun. we
have no alternative
in arriving at this conclusion. After GARIBALDI's
spoken words---cani _
lag
written and the volunteers
on his banners, ',Rome
t,' nrmp—and inscribing
the KING's
Pr
-
or Death!" After oclamation,
pronouncing every such call to arnisLrktitorous
to the interests of his Crownas Sc'ywatiGN
After GARIBALDI'S rejeCtiOn of that rather
sharp
remonstrance from VICTOR EMMAN UEL
. After
all this—it is surely not too much to assert that
the standard of Civil War is as actually, at this
moment, unfurled among the Italians as it is among

the Americans.
RisTAZZI, we.observe, in the Chambers at Turin,
has the indecency and the ingratitude to depre-
ciate the services rendered to Italy by GARIBALDI !
Affecting to acknowledge all the claims of GARI-
BALDI to the public gratitude—the Prime Minister,
nevertheless, had the flagrant hardihood to deny that
the liberation of Naples and Sicily was due to him,
that is to GARIBALDI alone ! GARIBALDI only con-
quered there, said RATAZZI, because he bore aloft
the standard of Italian Unity, and spoke in the name
of VICTOR EMMBNUEL ! Was anything ever more
monstrous than this, or more heinously ungratefui?
Yet—italicising but one little pronoun—we would
even, echo as the simple truth (with a different
emphasis, however, from that of RATAZZI) these
otherwise painful
and cruelly ungrateful words of
the Italian Prime Minister. Yes—we repeat the
miaisfer's own words, with this trifling difference
of orerbasis--GARIBALbi
only conquered there, in
• in Sicily,
the Souland in Naples, " be-
cauEe he bore aloft the standard
of Italian Unity,
name of Vtercatt,
and spokethe-.MMANITEL
GARIBALDI, and GARIBALDI alone, could have
ac-
complished it. As well might NAPoLtort have
performed in 1815 his miracle of the " Return from
Elba" by deputy, by sending that handful of his
Old Go#rds over from Porto Fermi° to Cannes,

under the command of some favourite aide-de-camp,
as GARIBALDI'S wondrous achievements in Southern
Italy, in conquering the Kingdom of the Two
Sicilies, and then handing it over to King VICTOR
EMMANUEL, could have been accomplished by any
other than GARIBALDI ! It is to the shame of
RATAZZI, as Prime Minister of the KING, that he
could utter, as he actually did utter on the 3d
inst., in the Chamber of Deputies at Turin,
these very words " General GARIBALDI
has not given the Kingdom of Daly to the House
of Savoy ; he does not represent Italy ; he has only
powerfully contributed towards its formation, and
he has done so by his programme : " Italy and
VICTOR EMMANUEL." Was not the Minister
ashamed to utter that old dynastic phrase now no-
thing more than a discreditable misnomer—" the
House of Savoy ?" Did he not blush to depreciate
thus the name, and the glory, and the services of
GARIBALDI ? Talk—as the Ministers of Italy
have done more than once of late—talk
thus ungratefully of GARIBALDI !! and gratefully
of NAPOLEON !! ! Why—if the " King of ITALY"
and his Ministers will thus flagrantly pervert the
truth let us have the truth fairly " out" in this
matter. King VICTOR EMMANUEL owes one half
of his kingdom (the Northern half) to the assas-
sin-hand of Onsim ! And the other half (the
Southern half) he owes to the matchless heroism
of GARIBALDI ! This is a simple truth that we are
enunciating. The signal for the war of indepen-
dendence in Italy was fired by the hand of ORsINI
in the Rue Lepelletier ! Let there be no more
of this babble about Italy's gratitude to
NAPOLEON 111. The French EMPEROR has been
paid for what he has done. That disinterested and
magnanimous potentate, not satisfied with winning
military glory in the field as Generalissimo in the
campaign of Magenta and Solferino, must needs
receive, after all was apparently accomplished in
the matter, a substantial quid pro quo in the shape
of Savoy and Nice, with so many hundreds of
thousands of certain human live-stock called
Nizzards and Savoyards l Whereas in the instance
of GARIBALDI it has been quite otherwise. He
handed men to the
King—the whole of the King-
dom of the Two Sicilies. For the which he is now
denied even the recompense of a bare ac-
knowledgment. " Alone at Corioli, like an
eagle in a dovecot," he had " fluttered" those
Volscians, the royal army of the Bourbon
Sovereign of the Two Sicilies—and now, forsooth
(to the cry of " Gratitude to our august ally the
Emperor NAPOLEON !"), GARIBALDI is ungratefully
declared by the Italian Premier never to have done
of himself what he himself and no other could by
possibility have ever accomplished !

Wider and wider apparently at least
looking at the mere surface of events, wider
and wider grows the division that has sud-
denly yawned between GARIBALDI and the
Government. GARIBALDI being still the fore-
most man of all those 25,000,000 Italians! The
Government at Turin having still at its head, in the
person of RATAZZI, the Prime Minister—how
shall we describe him ? Well, we will write
of him in so many words—as not so much the
patriotic adviser of the King of ITALY as the
creature of the Emperor of FRANCE ! No wonder
with men like RATAZZI at the head of affairs, that
GARIBALDI should at length, in very disgust have
boldly broken away. Yet must all the well-
wishers of the popular cause in Italy grieve at heart
over the fatality of a conjuncture which has
driven thus asunder from each other the Hero
of Italy and the Italian Government. If
only—this is the last shadow of a hope to
which they are driven—if only it mi„ht even now,
at this apparently alarming and disastrous crisis
in the Italian movement—if only it could all
be proved to be some deep-laid scheme, or plot, or
ruse in which Hero, King, and Minister might turn
out to have been secretly all this while in collusion !
That is the last faint glimmering hope to which the
" Friends of Italy" cling—as straws are clutched
at in a shipwreck—now that GARIBALDI and the
Government are to all appearance drifting further
and fatally apart !

Even the most deliberate murders have different
degrees of guilt. Probably the revolting one at
Fordingbridge, that of Mr. BRADDELL in the room
of a public hotel, in the presence of two other per-
sons, and the one at Brighton by the soldier on
guard, were each of them as deliberate as any com-
mitted by violence could be. The most disgusting
of the three might indeed be the least so, for the
most probable supposition has always appeared to
us to be, the very commonplace one, of a mind be-
wildered with fear of a criminal assault being
brought home to him if the witness lived. The
horrible brutality of the Fordingbridge murder,
however, compels us to assign to it the highest
degree of guilt. No " extenuating circum-
stances" could have been thought of even by
a French jury —no " recommendation to
mercy" by an English jury, for a ruffian who un-
provoked, prompted only by worse than brutal
passion, commencei his attacks on the honour and
Ilife of a perfectly innocent girl.
The Irish agrarian murders, of which that of Mr.
BRADDELL was one, are one degree less guilty.
There is the mitigation, such as it is, of a large class
of a man's peers sympathising with the crime. Of
course we denounce this very sympathy as a
savageism not to be tolerated in civilised life, and
itself, when it shows itself in shielding and pro-
tecting the murderer, deserving a punishment
only second to death. Still we are all
liable to the influence of the sentiments
of those who form our cirele. The late Lord
CAMPBELL, when Attorney -General, defending
Lord CARDIGAN for shooting Captain TUCRETT,
appealed to the sympathy of noble lords with the
noble duellist, because they might any of them be
in the position of a man committing what none now
enY to be murder. Sympathy with duel-murder-
ing
shielded Lord CARDIGAN, and the Attorney.
General:ailed to identify his man!" Happily
that
sympathy with duellists is now
held to be r.°llB
criminal by the class which once cherished
it ; it is alzu
in all
respects parallel with the
murderous eya,pathy
f Irishmen with their fellows
who murder for
real or itnag.in,Z,
gets his re„,„.e
wrongs. A wrong or
hwarrodnegheidP ma n
is brooded over till the
He thinks such
honourable to hi; is
revenge as a challenge was
ever thought to be to a duellist, and
horridly bad as I
both sentiments really are, we must,
in
.ula both
estimating
the guilt, allow for their effect on the tab
of the duellist and the agrarian murderer.
to us clearly less than •
When we come to the military murder at
Brighton, the guilt seems
and the made no
any of the other cases. The jury, indeed,
recommendation to mercy, language of
that excellent judge, Baron MARTIN, was fearfully
explicit :—" He felt it right to say that he could
not hold out to him the sligh'iest, hope that mercy
would be extended to him, and he should be leading
him astray if be were to
do so. When one man
shot another in the manner he did, if ever the
punishment of death was to be inflicted,
it appeared
to him it was impossible to avoid it in such a case,
and he therefore exhorted himself to prepare to
undergo the great change that inevitably awaited
him."

We do not find fault with the Baron's remarks ;