The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-10 00:00:00

Spain and Austria.

BRUSSELS; Oct. 8.
The Inde'pendance Beige of to-day publishes the
following diplomatic documents relative to the re-
cognition of Italy by Spain, and the manner in
which this act was viewed by Austria, of which a
summary has already been received by telegraph.
The first of these documents purports to be a
despatch from Senor Castro, Spanish Minister for
Foreign Affairs, to Senor Ayllon, Spanish Minister
Plenipotentiary at Vienna, and is as follows :
" Madrid, Aug. 3.

" Your Excellency,—The Austrian Charge
d'Affaires has read to me a despatch addressed to
him, under date of July 21, by Count Mensdorff, of
which, at my request, he has confidentially left me
a copy. As you may not be acquainted with that
document, I communicate it to you in the same con-
fidential manner. It is true that during the last
Ministry of the Duke of Tetuan the policy followed
by her Majesty's Government towards Italy was, up
to a certain point, in harmony with that of Austria ;
but it is no less true that this conformity of views
did not proceed from any pre-existing agreement or
stipulations by virtue of which the two countries
were bound to follow the same policy in this ques-
tion.

" Spain and Austria have remained in accord so
long as they have been guided by their respective
interests. But neither Power lost its liberty of action
to take a different course upon this question as in
any other, so soon as their Government should
think fit. _ _

" It is therefore difficult for me to comprehend
upon what reasons Count Mensdorff relies, in
affirming that the first act of this Ministry has
not answered his expectations. This assertion
would leave ground to suppose the existence of a
previous agreement confining within certain limits
the liberty of action which the Queen's Government
has always reserved in this matter, as in the general
conduct of its foreign relations.
" The bonds of mutual friendship and considera-

tion uniting Spain and Austria are numerous ; they
could only become still stronger from the moment
in which the Emperor considered it was in the inte-
rest of his States to modify the ancient institutions
of the empire in replacing them by others offering
great analogy with our own. There are also several
political questions on which the two Governments
may be agreed. Nevertheless, it would not be pos-
sible to admit with Count Mensdorff that Spain and
Austria have identical interests in Italy.
" We entertain a deep and earnest sympathy for

the princes of the Bourbo n family who have lost their
States ; we have waited four yearsbefore recognising
the Kingdom of Italy, hoping that fresh events or
an agreement between the European Powers might
bring about a definitive settlement of so complicated
a question ; but when, during this period, the King-
dom of Italy has become consolidated, when the po-
litical and material interests of Spain counsel us to
recognise her, we do not think that it is possible ever
to bring against us a resolution which we have taken,
consulting before all the interest of the country, and
putting aside personal affection and purely dynastic
interests, which besides do not affect the royal fa-
mily of Spain. This resolution, on the contrary, can
only serve to prove the sincerity and disinterested-
ness of our conduct.

" As an exclusively Catholic Power, Spain takes
a deep interest iu all that concerns the Holy See ;
but this interest, alien to any kind of political aspi-
ration, attaches purely and simply to the Holy Fa-
ther. Without doubting for a moment the just soli-
citude which animates Austria on behalf of the Su-
preme Head of the Catholic Church, it is neverthe-
less necessary to take into account that this Power
has interests in the Italian peninsula of another
kind, and this consideration would alone suffice to
establish that the identity of views referred to in
Count Mensdorff's despatch does not exist.
" Neither can I accept the opinion stated by the
Minister for Foreign Affairs, that the recognition of
accomplished facts in Italy should render it more
difficult for Spain to raise her voice on behalf of the
Holy See. In the conduct hitherto followed by the
Queen's Government one thing is positive, and that
is that all our efforts have hitherto been ineffectual
to attain the end we had in view. Besides, the re-
cognition of accomplished facts is not one of those
theories never yet put into practice.
" Spain and Austria have always followed this
policy ; and, without going back to remote periods,.
I will only revert to the fact that in 1830 and 1848
the two Powers recognised the facts accomplished
in France after the fall of the two branches of the
Bourbon family.
" And coming down to a more recent period, it
must not be forgotten that the Italian monarchy has
been recognised by all Europe, with few exceptions,
and that Austria herself has sanctioned the incor-
poration with the ancient kingdom of Piedmont of
one of the finest provinces of the new kingdom of
Italy.
" The motives which have guided our conduct
having been developed in the despatch addressed to
her Majesty's Ambassador at Rome, fresh explana-
tions on this subject are not necessary ; and I should
here conclude my despatch were it possible to pass
over in silence the obstructions contained in the
latter part of Count Mensdorff's despatch to the
Austrian Charge d'Affaires.
" I entirely share the opinion expressed by the
Minister for Foreign Affairs of his Apostolic Majesty
when he remarked that nothing was so delicate as
to put forward an opinion on the interior situation
of another Power. For this reason I should not
consider myself authorised to offer observations
upon the interior situation of the empire of Austria.
Therefore, while recognising the friendly intentions
by which Count Mensdorff has been guided, I ought,
perhaps, to abstain from replying to views of which
the Queen's Government must remain the sole judge.
" M. de Mensdorff, however, insists so strongly
that the warm friendship of Austria for Spain is the
sole cause which has called forth upon his part reflec-
tions of this kind, that 1 think I ought in my turn
to reply to the friendly sentiments displayed by this
Minister by reassuring him as to the fears•he seems
to entertain for the stability of the Queen's throne.
For this purpose it is sufficient to refer to history.

difference in our manner of considering this ques-
tion, the relations between the two States will con-
tinue to be as intimate and amicable as previously.
(Signed) "M. BERMUDEZ DE CASTRO."
The second document is a circular addressed on
the 20th September last to the diplomatic agents of
Spain in foreign parts by the Spanish Minister for
Foreign Affairs. It is as follows :
" Sir,—the Presse of Vienna and one or two Paris
journals have published comments upon the subject

of a despatch which Count Mensdorff forwarded to
the Austrian Charge d'Affaires at Madrid, and
which was read to me by that gentleman.
" While some journals have considered this de-
spatch as being a formal protest against the recog-
nition of Italy by Spain, the Me'morial Di plomatique
endeavours to interpret it as a measure adopted by
the Cabinet of Vienna with the object of detaching
Austrian policy from all the consequences which the
attitude assumed by Spain and Austria might bring
about, in virtue of the simultaneous notes handed by

their agents to the French Government on May 28,

1861.

" Both these views are inexact. In order to clear
up to you all the circumstances referring to this
matter, and to guide you in conversations you might

have upon the subject with the Minister for Foreign
Affitrs and the members of the Corps Diplomatique,
I think it right to acquaint you with antecedents it
will be necessary not to forget in case the question
is brought forward.
" The coincidence in the presentation of the two
notes dwelt upon by the Memorial Diplomatique, and
even the accord in which Spain and Austria acted at
that period, were not able to create any species of
engagement between the two Goveraments, and still
less could they expressly or tacitly establish any pact
whatever which might have bound together their
political action. Spain as well as Austria remained
at perfect liberty to act in future as their respective
interests might counsel, without any tie which pre-
vented them taking up such an attitude in the ques-
tion as should best respond to their political views.
" No reason, therefore, exists for disguising the
responsibility of Austria in the consequences of the
new position Spain has just taken up, as the steps
adopted towards the French Government in 1861
have not only remained fruitless, but further, have
not been able to create, as I have just pointed out,
any cpecies of engagement as regards the ulterior
policy of the two countries.
" I imagine it is thus the Austrian Cabinet has
understood the matter, because in the communica-
tion addressed by Count Mensdorff to the Charge
d'Affaires at Madrid no allusion, direct or even
indirect, is made to the steps of 1861.
" The decision taken of recognising the kingdom
of Italy having been announced by the Queen's
Government, and that decision having been com-
municated to the Cabinet of Vienna by the presen-
tation made by the representative of Spain to Count
Mensdorff, of a copy of a despatch I had addressed,
under date of 26th June last, to her Majesty's
Ambassador at Rome, the Emperor's Minister for
Foreign Affairs thought proper to address to the
Austrian Charge d'Affaires at Madrid a despatch he
read to me, and which occasioned the comments of
the press to which I have just alluded.
" In this despatch Count Mensdorff observed that
the first manifestation of the policy of the Cabinet
presided over by the Duke of Tetuan had not
answered the expectations of the Austrian Govern-
ment ; that he saw with regret the intention of
Spain to modify her attitude in the question of Italy
—a question upon which Count Mensdorff had been
happy to believe there existed an identity of inte-
rests between the two countries ; but, notwithstand-

. .
ing the reserves with which the recognition of Italy
had been surrounded by Spain, this fact of itself
would suffice to bring the Spanish Government face
to face with the question of Rome, upon a ground
so different to that occupied by the Austrian Go-
vernment that their ulterior co-operation in a matter
so important to both nations would become much
more difficult ; that if the Spanish Government
thought that in renewing its relations with Italy it
placed itself in a position which permitted it to let

its voice be heard and its influence to be felt in
favour of the pontificate, the Imperial Government
feared that it was, on the contrary, an illusion to
expect that an act of condescension, such as the re-
cognition of the kingdom of of Italy, would succeed
in giving greater weight to the action of Spain upon
events which were going on in Italy, because, by
accepting the principle in the name of which the
Italian revolution has been accomplished, it became
more difficult to oppose the consequences which
might result.
" Passing to other considerations, Count Mens-
dorff did not disguise his fear lest the triumph of the
revolutionary principle in Italy should become a
menace against the throne of the Queen ; and this
disquiet was based upon the danger of a concession
to the ideas endeavouring to propagate
themselves
in Europe, and which he doubted were only too
widely spread in Spain.
" Upon these considerations, and in consequence
of the recognition of Italy by Spain, Count Mens-
dorff demanded if therewould not be ground to con-
test the expediency of an act which, sanctioning the
changes in the Italian peninsula, would encourage
those meditating
similar acts, and if
however, are the principles, pru-
dentmuch duetodiswreegaakrednedt,heanrdespievchtieh,owever, were
too
toit
surest bulwark against anarchical passions. It
sufficed, continued Count Mensdorff, to indicate
these questions to recognise all their importance,
and he deemed that the Spanish Government had
doubtless given them all the attention to be desired.
The Emperor's Minister concluded his despatch by
protesting that these considerations were only sug-
gested to him by a feeling of friendly interest to-
wards Spain, and by the earnest desire he had to be
in accord with her Majesty's Government upon a
question so important to the two countries.
" In order to respond to the frankness with which
the Austrian Minister for Foreign Affairs expressed
his opinion upon the subject of our intention to re-
cognise the kingdom of Italy, I deemed it expedient
to address to the Queen's representative at Vienna
the despatch, of which a copy is appended, and
which I invited him to read to Count Mensdorff.
This document will serve to acquaint you with the
true character of the correspondence upon the
matter in question ; it will enable you to see that
neither has the Austrian Government protested
against an act which is in the exclusive competence
of the Spanish Government, nor have its observa-
tions given rise to any but frank explanations, of
the cordial character which has always marked the
friendly relations we maintain, and desire to main
tain' with the Vienna Cabinet.
"You are requested to read this despatch, &c.
(Signed) " MANUEL BERMUDEZ DE CASTRO."

LONDON, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1865.

The crisis which for many months threatened
the commercial fortunes of Bengal appears to
have safely passed over. The Bank of Bengal
came forward to assist the Bank of Bombay,
while the general community has rejoiced in the
sudden rise in the price of cotton, which has car-
ried a great number of merchants and others
through the storm. The excessive speculation
-which went on for some time was certain to pro-
duce a reaction, and it is only fortunate that it
should have passed over without any worse results.
If we carry into Indian life the enterprise and the
speculative spirit—we must perhaps add the rash-
ness or recklessness ofng English money makers
--we must naturally look for the same
risks and convulsions which are common enough
among ourselves. More especially must this be the
case when commercial life in India, as in England,
i 3 hampered by a deficient currency, and embarrassed
by the transition state of the cotton trade. The
fall in the price of cotton last year has, it is said,
considerably lessened the ardour of the planters, so
that the Indian cotton crop this season will not be
E 0 great as last year. It must, of course, be some
time before the Indian trade fairly settles down to
a steady and durable position, since hitherto there has
always been a degree of uncertainty about its pros-
pects which could hardly be otherwise than injuri-
ous. There is, however, no reason why India should
not continue to be one of our chief sources of supply
ince she has every natural requisite for the cultiva-
tion which, when once fairly established, would
prove amply remunerative at the ordinary prices'