The Sun.
London, England, 1862-04-08 00:00:00

.r ,W,~-T;..

N°. 21,770.

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 8, 1862.

PRICE.....—..4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

STEVENS' PATENT BREAD MACHINERY
COMPANY (Li.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN , thatmited) APPLICATIONS
for SHARES in this Company must be made on or before
MONDAY NEXT, the 14th inst.
By order.
WALTER BERDOE, Secretary pro tem.
10, Old Jewry Chambers, April 7, 1862.

P ÜBLICATION S.

YHE ARMY.

LITE.RATURF.

which gradually passed into a sad strain employed
at funerals. One of the men lay down on the ground
to represent the dead, and the women and girls
danced round him ; they also performed very neat
and comical steps and leaps, intended to caricature
mourning for the dead. At the end of the dance each
girl, in turn, approached the dead man, stooped
down, and gave him a kiss, after which all danced
round him, and concluded the dance with merry
laughter." The subject of "The Growth of Lon-
don " is somewhat stale after the elaborate and able
articles which have appeared in the Week,ly
Dispatch, arNi the lectures of Mr. Mark Lemon. "A
Visit to the Trappists " details the mortifications to
which that most ascetic religious order is subjected.
Fiction is liberally represented, the more prominent
tales being "A Tangled Skein," and "The Herds-
man of La Cainargue," and the number concludes
with a little tale, by Mrs. S. C. Hall, " about Sister
Jane."

MR. J. E. READE'S NEW NOVEL.
On Friday, April 11, in 3 vols.,
SATURDAY STERNF,.
By JOHN EDMUND READE.
Also now ready, in 2 vols.;

The screw frigate Arethusa, 51, 500-horse power,
fitting for the Chatham steam reserve, has been
removed into the steam basin, at Sheerness, to be
completed.
steam reserve in the Medway, are now being
screw steamers, attached td the
broTuhgehftoflolorwwianrgd for immediate commission :—The
Zebra, 17, 200 horse power ; the Cormorant, 4,200
horse power, and the Racehorse, 4, 200 horse

Ono of theilmrzo*lsiBthinQteuraerstleinrglyarßtiecteswin. the present
,n diurvinlg times,"the
number is that on " Social Life in Medieval Eng-
land," a review, in fact, of 111 r. Wright's recent work
on " England
iadnddl egi
iivge es s .
us
no In
s
it e
the
a
"
writer traces the progress of manners during the
" good . mediaeval
to regret that our has been cast in the 19th cen-
tury. " Theold times," says the writer "as we call
them, were in reality the young timeg. 'That which
we call the wisdom of our ancestors, was the inex-
perience of our ancestors working out experiments
in the dark." Still he pays a deserved tribute to
the solidity of the Anglo Saxon character. It must
have contained, he says, "An element of power
rarely found in primitive races. Almost all other
early races have died out, and left few or no traces
behind. The Anglo-Saxons lie at the very founda-
tions of our language and our institutions." So far
we have cause to be grateful to our ancestors and
accept the substantial benefits they have trans-
mitted to us as a set off to the laxity of their
morals and the roughness of their manners. Mar-
riage, it seems, in the primitive Anglo Saxon
times, that is before the introduction of Christi-
anity, was a very slippery ceremony; " the only
stipulations, or conditions, connected with it that
had any binding force, related to such chattels,
money, or other property as might be involved in
the arrangement." Whilst in Ireland the lady was
usually taken for a year's trial ; then, if she did tot
suit, was restored to her family, hor reputation
being considered none the worse for wear.
The Normans, on their arrival, looked after the
comforts of their own indoor life. They introduced
improvements in Saxon domestic architecture, and
indulged in greater privacy. " Dinner was a pub-
lic ceremony down to the close of the Anglo-Saxon
rule. Banquets were invariably conducted in the
one large, open, indiscriminate apartment. But
the Normans knew the pleasure of a little occa-
sional retirement, and of small entertainments,
where they could enjoy themselves without being
gazed at like wild beasts in a cage at feeding time."
And they accordingly bailt a banquet-room over
the hall, where they could dine at their ease. Even
in those days there was a code of etiquette. " You
were forbidden to pick your teeth with your knife,
or to offer the remains of your dish to another per-
son, or to dip your meat in the salt-cellar, or to
return food from your mouth to your plate ;" whilst
nine in the morning was the usual hour of dinner,
five in the evening that of supper, and all proper
people went to bed at nine. Of the morality of
the Normans the writer speaks anything but fa-
vourably. The ladies " were as passionate, self-
willed, and imperious as the heroes who wooed
them with devotional homage before marriage and
beat them afterwards. Their gentle blood was as
incapable of submitting to restraints in the pur-
suit of pleasure, as if it coursed in the veins of the
coarser sex, whose license they constantly usurped.
They not only laid aside that reserve which is
almost a constitutional attribute of woman, but

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-THIRD SALE:
CUSTOM HOUSE, London, April, 1862,--
FOR SALE, by order of the itonolyable the Commis-
sioners of her Majesty's Customs, at the COMMERCIAL
SALE ROOMS, Mincing-tme, OrCHURSDAY, the 10th,
and FRIDAY, the 11fh of April, 1862, at Twelve o'clock at
noon precisely, the following GOODS, for Exportation or
Home Consuaiption

CAN WRONG BE RIQTFC ? by Mits. S. C,

Hurst end Illackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street

NEW WORK BY THE AUTHOR OF " FRIENDS IN
COUNCIL."
This day, Post Bvo., 55.,
ORGANISATION IN DAILY LIFE.
AN ESSAY.
London : Parker, Son, and Bourn, West Strand.

lAnch.brs, boots, brandy, candles (stearine), clocks, chicory,
coffee, cordials, dice, empty bags, fishing nets, geneva, gla,s,
',2;-uns, painters' colours, pepper, perfumery, perfumed spirits,
' rum, raisins, segars (succades), spirits (plain and mixed) ; a
q uantity of files, plane irons, chisels, gouges, &c. ; sugar, ships'
gear, tobacco, tea, timber, toys, wine, watches, and various
other goods.
The above goods may be viewed at the Queen's Warehouse,
Custom House, Thames-street, at the London, West
India, and Victoria Docks, and Tobacco Ground, Rother-
hithe, on Wednesday, the oth April, from ten o'clock in the
morning until three o'clock in the afternoon, and on the days
of sale, from ten o'clock in the morning until twelve o'clock
at noon—the tasting of spirits and wine being restricted to
the day of sale as regards the Queen's Warehouse.
Take notice, that goods sold at this sale will 'not be de-
livered until after two clear days of the day, on which they are
sold, and that no lots can be paid for at the office of the Re- 1
ceiver-General after two o'clock in the afternoon, and that on
the days of sale money will not be received by the Receiver-
General after elevim o'clock in the forenoon.
Catalogues may be had at the Queen's Warehouse, Custom
House, Thames-street, sixpence each.

power.
The Diadem, 32, screw, Capt. Scott, is ordered
to be paid out of commission at Portsmouth, on the
16th inst.
The Victoria and Duke of Wellington, screw
three-deckers, at Portsmouth, are named as the
next ships for conversion to shield ships on Capt.
Coles' principle; and the work of razeeing them to
their middle decks will be immediately taken in
hand
originally laid down as a
sailing h Thd
and was afterwards altered
and adapted to the screw. Her engines are of 700
horse power, and her burden in tons is 3,7.71. The
tree e - c Dukek er, w,
a 8
Victoria was laid down as a steamship, from designs
furnished from the office of Sir B. W. Walker,
K.C.B. She has a much flatter floor amidships than
any of the converted throe-deckers, and has doubt-
lees liar this reuson much greater stability than they.
adapted for conversion to a
two years since
S cupolahuek ei s. , therefore,'ssbhi
pew
th
aa
sbetter
launchedeither
ts
ome
heßoyal Sovereign or
D
from Portsmouth Dockyard. Sheds of 4,127 tons
burden, and is fitted with engines of 1,000 horse
power nominal, and attained a speed on her light
draught trial in Stokes Bay, of nearly 131 knots.
according toumber,
number, but
pTrheeseceutpoilnatseeftoiornsth, these tbweo
eLtshipins,
the number of guns they will contain and their
T
ocaelifburteurise,
coofnctionugresee,cieens.he precise nature and
a matter dependent
thickness of the armour plating on their sides from
below the water-line upwards is also a matter for
future consideration. These ships cut down and
converted to cupola ships when armed, stored,
manned, and ready for sea, will have to carry about
800 tons less weight than they would have under
the same circumstances as 131 gun screw steam ships,
supposing that they are rigged when cupola ships,
and carrying the same masts and yards, anchors,
and cables.

Fifth Edition, 35.,

DROVERBS AND THEIR LESSONS,
By R. CITENEVIX TRENCH-, D.D.,
Dean of Westminster.
By the same Author,
ON THE STUDY OF WORDS. Tenth Edi-
tion, Revised, 4s.
ENGLISH : PAST AND PRESENT. Fourth
Edition, 4s.
SELECT GLOSSARY, Second Edition, 4s.
London : Parker, Son, and Bourn, West Strand.

Temple Bar.
As yet the interest of " Captain Dangerous" is
admirably sustained, and the tale bids fair to be the
very best of Mr. Sala's productions. In this num-
ber the adventures of the hero among the Blacks
come to an unpleasant but scarcely unexpected. end;
that respectable fraternity being pounced upon by
a " mob of constables," aided by a file of grenadiers;
Master Dangerous (who has now attained the ripe
age of 12) valiantly breaks the head of one of the
latter with a "demijohn" of brandy, and is sen-
tenced to be hanged by the neck till he is dead.
Comforted, however, in his affliction by a good
Quaker, ho writes to the King, and his Majesty is
gracious enough to laugh at his effusion, and through
" the intercession of a foreign lady, that was his
favourite," he remits the youngster's sentence to
transportation for life " to his Majesty's plantations
in North America," whither he is now about to pro-
ceed, having been bought by " Sir Basil Hopwood,
a rich merchant and alderman of London, who paid
a certain sum a head for us to the King's Govern-
ment for taking us to America, where he might
make what profit he pleased, by selling our wretched
carcasses to be slaves to the planters." This part
of " Aurora Floyd" is also excellent. She is mar-
ried, and is content Pf not happy, but there is a
storm brewing in the distance, In "A New View
of Shakspere's Sonneta" Mr. Heraud expounds his
view of these much-discussed and imperfectly-under-
stood poems. "Back to Scotland" is an amusing
account of a Scotchman's impressions of his native
land on returning after a long absence. There is a
biographical and critical notice of " Winthrop
Mackworth Praed," who died at the age of 36, and
who, the writer thinks, would, had he lived, have
rivalled Macaulay in Parliament and Tennyson in
poetry. "Burke's Australian Explorations" are
touched on, and the poem " Drowned ! Drowned!
is above average merit.

THE CLOISTER AND THE HEARTH_
Immediately, in 3 vole., price 155., a New and Cheap
Edition of CHARLES READE'S FAMOUS STORY.
Handsomely bound in roan cloth, gilt and lettered. Orders
received by all Booksellers.
Trubner and Co., 60, Paternoster-row.

Admiralty instructions have been received at
Chatham Dockyard, directing a survey to be made
by the dockyard officials of the pe ddlewheel steamers
Adder, African, and Otter, employed principally on
harbour service, in order to ascertain whether the
hulls and general condition of those vessels are such
as to warrant their being furnished with new en-
gines and machinery.

The Popular Science Review.

The third number of this useful periodical opens
with an article by M. de Quatrefages on the
" Phosphorescence of the Sea," in which that very
singular and beautiful appearance is accounted for.
The first requisite for its presence is, that the
water be in motion.

:hey took the initiative in those advances which,

all the world over, are assigned to the province of
men." The writer then touches on those curious
continental tribunals, the courts of love, which
never became naturalised in England, and ends
with a tribute of praise to Mr. Wright's industry
and research. " Phases of London Life," also a
popular subject and well handled, contains some
curious anecdotes and statistics of mendicancy.
The'articles connected with Theology are styled
" The Act of Uniformity," and " Aids to Faith."
That on " Congregational Psalmody " discusses the
various phases of this branch of musical art, from
the time of the Early Christians to the present day.
The writer of " The Recent Revolution in the
Papal States," warm in the Italian [cause, tells us
that " if the solution of the Roman question be
long deferred, the people of Italy will take it in
hand themselves, and compel the Emperor to with-
draw his troops from Rome ;" and the subjects of
the remaining articles are " The West Indies,"
" Lives of the Engineers," and "Life of the Right
Hon. Wm. Pitt.'

The following appointments were made yester-
day at the Admiralty :—Frederick W. Brown, chief
engineer to the Tribune, vice Barber, superseded
from ill health ; Henry Williams, confirmed as chief
engineer ; P. Butler, engineer to the Fisgard, for
the Columbine ; G. F. Bell, engineer to the Zebra ;
T. F. Hight, first-class assist.-engineer to the Cum-
berland, for the Herring; T. Baldwin, first-class
assist.-engineer to the Zebra ; H. Birch, first-class
assist.-engineer to the Indus, for the Shamrock; E.
Eckersley, first-class assist.-engineer to the Hawke,
for the Lark; W. C. Batty, acting first-class assist.-

engineer to the Cumberland, for the Spanker ; J.
H. Bray and Frederick Hallett, acting second-class
assist.-engineers to the Zebra; and J. M'Millan,

acting second-class assist.-engineer to the Cumber-

[and, for the Resistance.

1111 E NAVE

Bentley's Miscellany.
Mr. Harrison Ainsworth's " Lord Mayor of
London" is progressing with spirit ; the after dinner
conversation is given in this number; Mr. Pitt's
triumph over his political opponents is described;
Mr. Candish is once more caught, persists in deny-
ing that he is the Lord Mayor's brother, and is
brought before the king; whilst Alice Wentworth
mysteriously disappears from the ball. " Travels
in Equador" is a review of a work on that country
by M. Holinski, of which leprosy is one of the
scourges. " The disease, too, attacks all classes :
the Marquis Larria, one of the richest men in Equa-
dor, was rendered a frightful object by it. Not
wishing to lose the pleasure of society, be had a
glass cage made in his saloon, which, while conceal-
ing him from his guests, enabled him to take part
in their conversation. It seems as if the leprosy in
South America is something fearful ; not only do
the features lose all human aspect, but the noses
and lips are destroyed. In some cases hands and
feet drop off without any sensible pain, but through
a slow and regular ulceration." Under the head of
"Recreations in Switzerland," we have an aecount
of the ascent of Mont Combin from St. Pierre.
"Table Talk," by Monkshood, is, as usual, gossip-
ping and amusing. Ouida flings his French phrases
about gaily as ever; his tale, this time, is styled
" The Beauty of Vicq D'Azir," a lady who was
wrongly thought to be "not a proper person."
Dudley Costello's tale, " Crooked Usage," has
reached its 49th chapter, and an article called
" Slavery in America," reviews Xavier Eyma's
work " Les Peaux Noires."

A general order has been addressed from the

:orseGuarda to the army, dated the 24th of March,

1862, by which permission is granted to the troops
composing the detachment left by Sir Henry Have-
lock in the Alumbagh, to reckon an additional year's
service towards pay and pension. In all such cases
the year added is allowed to reckon towards the
qualifications for " medal and gratuity."
Intelligence has been received at the invalid depot,
St. Mary's Barracks, Chatham, of the departure of
upwards of 2,000 sick and invalid non-commissioned
officers and men, and time-expired men, whO have
been sent home from India and China, for the pur-
pose of being discharged. The vessels now on their
passage home with them are the Renown, the Lady
Jocelyn, the Holmsdale, the Newcastle, and the
Middlesex, from Calcutta; the Cospatrick and the
Windsor Castle, from Bombay; the Exchanger and
the Flying Cloud, from Hongkong; the Empress of
India, from Kurrachee ; the Akbar, from Colombo ;
and the Sir James, from the Mauritius.

The periodical relief of the detachments of Royal
Marines serving at the Island of Ascension, being
about to take place, Admiralty orders have been re-
ceived at the headquarters of the Chatham division
calling for volunteers from the corps for service at
that island. The class of volunteers required are
artificers, engineers, wheelwrights, masons, carpen-
ters, excavators, clerks, &c., all of whom must have
had a fair education, and possess a good character.
If married they will be permitted to take their wives
with them. The volunteers will proceed to Ascension
on the sth proximo, in charge of Lieut. Rokebv.

CoThurn's New Monthly Magazine.
An elaborate description of " The Lake Districts
of Canada" challenges attention at the beginning of
the present number. it is carefully compiled, and
those who are interested in that colony will fini it
worth perusal. Nothing is more remarkable, in
some of the newly settled parts of the American
continent, than the enormous rise in the value of
land. Look at Chicago, for example, in which " a
corner lot, in one of the principal thoroughfares, on
which stood a chemist's shop, was sold during Mr.
Hancock's residence in the city for sixty four
thousand dollars, or £12,800, the same lot having
been bought twenty years previously for a sum
about equal to the cost of one of the shop-windows
—namely £20." The subject chosen by " Sir
Nathanial" for his biographical sketch this month
is the Swedish hero or madman Charles the Twelfth,
on whom Johnson waxed eloquent in "The vanity of
human wishes," and whose flight after the disastrous
day of Pultowa served Byron as an introduction to
"Mazeppa," and who met his death, Carlyle tells us,
by "assassination instigated by the Swedish official
persons it is thought." The bullet passed through
both his temples, he had clapped his hand upon the
hilt of his sword, and was found leaning against the
parapet in that attitude—gone upon a long march
now." In " The Heart via the Head" we have an
essay upon preaching. "A Federal Foray," based
on the present American struggle, shows how a
Captain Weston lost his lady-love through sackiag
the house in which she lived, and the tales of the
"Shadow of Ashlydyat" and "Granville do Vigne"
will gratify the lovers of Action.

...............
The St. James s.
The general belief in the existence of great men,
and the differences of opinion as to the sense in
which " great " is used, have in this number fur-
nished materials for an amusing paper. Carlyle,
according to the -writer, stickler for " earnestness
and sincerity." Emerson defines a great man as
" one of great affinities, who takes up into himself
all arts, sciences—all knowables—as his food ; who
can spare nothing; who can dispose of everything."
Mr. Ruskin believes that "the first test of a great
man is humility;" whilst Professor Ranke con-
siders that the title of great "belongs only to those
who have fought, not merely for private, but, at
the same time, for great general interests." The
writer then canvasses the pretension of heroes of
different grades, notes their shortcomings, and thus
vindicates the cause of mediocrity. "This exalta-
tion of heroes—this sycophantic homage to great
names, repeated from generation to generation, till
they aro depressing, has become detrimental to the
best interests of humanity. It breeds habitual con-
tempt in one class of people for the pursuits and
actions of another ; it tends to encourage the absurd
popular notion of some "coming man, who, n him_
self alone," in any emergency is expected to set
things right ; it tends to discourage the recognition
and the ready acceptance of the fact shown by the
experience of the last two centuries, that associa-
tion, organisation, and a division of labour, are the
truest means that can be adopted for the material
and moral progress of mankind ; it praises the past
at the expense of the present ; it compares the
moderns with the ancients, only to give the palm
to the latter ; in a word, it is an incubus upon civil!-
1 cation itself?' The article on "Dancing in all
1 Ages" will be found interesting. One of the most
singular of these exercises was that practised in
Bohemia under the name of the Death Dance.
"The dancers assembled in couples to merry tunes,

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The regiment of La Tour a'Auvergne, when itt garri-
son at Paltni, in Calabria, received orders to start er
mid-
night, and to reach Tropea by forced marches, in orrice' to
oppose the landing of the enemy, who threatened the hal '-
hour. It was in the month of Jane; the troops had to
traverse a distance of about forty miles ; leaving at mideight,
they arrived about seven o'clock in the evening, and having
rested for a short time only, they suffered considerably from
the heat of the sun. As the battalion was the last to
arrive, they were apportioned the worst barracks ; and.
800 men were crowded into a building which, under ordi-
nary circumstances, could not have contained above the
half. They squatted upon straw laid upon the earth, with-
out covering, and without undressing. The building was
an old deserted abbey. The inhabitants of the locality
warned the soldiers that they would not be able to retain
even this lodging, that it was haunted nightly by spirits,
and that other regiments had tried in vain to obtain rest
there. We laughed at this credulity,. but were muck
astonished when, at midnight, there is from every
corner, of the ruin the most frightful erica, and to see the
soldiers rush out and flee panic-struck. When questioned,
they all declared the devil inhabited the abbey, that they
had seen him enter by an opening in the door of their apart-
ment under the form of an enormous black sLiaggy
dog,
that he rushed at them crossed their breast with the quick-
ness of lightning, and disappeared upon the opposite side to
that at-laich he came in. We ridiculed their terror, and
endeavoured to prove that the phenomenon depended upon
simple and natural causes, and was, in fact, the result of
the excited imagination. We failed, however, in convinc-
ing them, and in persuading them to return to their quar-
ters; and they passed the night upon the beach and scat-
tered through the town. When the sergeants and oldest
soldiers were interrogated upon the following day, they de-
clared that they were iriuccessible to any sort of fear, that
they did not believe in ghosts or hobgoblins, and appeared
persuaded that the scene in the barrack was a reality, and
not to be attributed to imagination, as they were scarcely
asleep when the dog rushed in, that they saw the animal dis-
tinctly, and that they felt suffocated at the moment when
ho jumped upon their chest. The regiment was de-
tained in Trepea, and occupied the same building on the
following night. The men had been spoken to, and were
comforted and supported by the presence and the scepticism
of their officers, who placed themselves in the different
chambers; yet about one o'clock the same shrieks arose,
and the same individuals who had been assaulted by the
hell-hound on the previous night rushed in trepidation ithto
the open air in order to escape suffocation. The watchersc,
saw nothing but the panic.
The surgeon of the regiment, who is the narrator, adds,
that although repeatedly exposed to similar hardships, ho
had never witnessed his comrades so affected, and attributes
the epidemic to the state of the atmosphere and other very
obvious circumstances. Every event is explicable save the
simultaneous appearance of the same spectre at the same
time in dream to a number Of hadividuals. Even upon the
supposition that all the soldiers were drawn from the same
district, and that in Auvergne the recognised form of Satan
was canine and of the Catholic colour black, there will re-
main an unexplained difficulty, not more inexplicable,
however, than many phases of waking thought.
But the writer admits that " the mater:als of
enerallwhich
the fabric of dreams is composed are g y
recent and ordinary impressions fantastioallf ar-
ranged,"
b
ranged," and instances the following narratirve y
Dr. M'Nish of

Mal

SPXPER

;144
4, •
S's/
t.a s
and dreams of different classes of the sane and iyl.-
sane generally when asleep and while subjected td
different external circumstances. The inability tcr,
sleep and to pass into dream is the first charac-
teristic to be noticed. To the healthy man vigil—
ance is the intimation of perilous activity and a
forerunner of mental disease; in the maniac it is
followed by dementia. This supports the view that
there is something more restorative in sleep tirlan
mere rest." With the statement in the last sentence
we can hardly agree. It seems to us that the bene-
ficial effect of "balmy sleep" results solely from
body and mind being in complete repose, and thereby
enabled to recruit the waste of mental energy-
physical power which has taken place during- the
day. It is, in fact, the most perfect form of rest,
but that it contain anything more restorative than
this sce see no reason rk:r believing, and in this vied~
we are strengthened by the illustrations of the
writer. "All physical morbid conditions are," he
says, "attended by distressing dreams," thought
they are not "invariably characteristic either c.-,,_
the nature of the affection, or of the ph:ce aff"cted?"
Among the most curious forms of disease dreams is
EPIDEMIC NIGHTMARE.