The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-26 00:00:00

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THE SUN.
LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1862.

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The extraordinary announcement pat forth in the
columns of the Moniteur yesterday morning, and
transferred to our own but a very few hours after-
wards, while it has naturally caused immense regret
in one quarter, and equal exultation in another, can
hardly in reason have taken any one by surprise.
The determination arrived at by the EMPEROR, and
formally declared to Europe by the Moniteur, is
exactly what, from the first, seemed to be inevitable
as the one immediate and only result that could by
possibility come from General GARIBALDI'S ill-
conceived and misdirected enterprise. The very
language now employed by the Moniteur might
have been anticipated by less astute publicists even
than the Redacteur-en•chef of La France, M. le
Viscomte de LA GUERRONNIERE. A journalist, by
the way, who proves to have had a clearer notion
of the Imperial policy in regard to Italy than was
dreamt of in the political philosophy of the Con-
stitutionnel. It is almost like an echo of the words
of La I ranee a week since, when the Moniteur of
yesterday observes—" Several newspapers have
asked what will be the attitude of the French
Government in view of the agitation which now
prevails in Italy." Adding—" The question is so
clear that any doubt seems impossible." The
Atertiteur, however, goes beyond La France when it
appends to this the positive and explicit declaration
that In view of insolent threats and the pos •
sib la Consequences of a demagogic insurrection,
the duty of the French Government and its mili-
tary honour
oblige it more than ever to defend
the Holy Father." The organ of the Imperial
Government adding, with grandiose flourish,—
" The world must be well aware that France
does not abandon those to whom, when in dan-
ger, she extends her protection." So that all
that has yet come from the d
ma ness of this new
Garibaldian Expedition—has been disastrously ini-
mical to the interests of the cause of Italian
-Unity and Italian independence! Indoing what
GARIBALDI has done, in spite of every y remon-
strance, that Hero has already contrived to bring
about the following consequences :
He has created disunion among the Italians
themselves.

He has afforded the French EMPEROR a colour-
able excuse for postponing the settlement of the
Roman Difficulty.
He has embarrassed VICTOR EMMANUEL by
placing him in this dilemma, by compelling him to
make his choice i❑ this alternative—Either to break
with himself (GARIBALDI) or with his (the KING'S)
ally, NAPOLEON ! Either to advance sword in
hand at the head of his troops against the Hero and
his Volunteers, or against the EMPEROR with all
Prance at his back !

GARIBALDI, while rashly doing thus by his
SOVEREIGN, has, at the same time, unintentionally
but undeniably also been playing into the hands of
tliF, French Emperor. By his ill-advised course of
proceeding the ex-Dictator has afforded NAPOLEON
the opportunity of repelling what the Moniteur
scornfully denounces as " insolent threats," by
appealing to the pride of France, to the glory of
hcr arms, to her soldiers' sense of honour, to the
amour propre of all rains and chisses of her popula-
tion. Through. the Very means of the blundering
y
which GARIBALDI thought to constrain
the French EMPEROR to Withdraw his troops from
Rome, GARIBALDI has ingeniously contrived to
goad that momentary Arbitrator of the Des-
tinies of Italy into formally pledging himself
to continue his armed occupation of Rome !
It is precisely the anti climax that has been all
along looked for, es the consequence of this ill-timed

unfurling of the standard of civil war in Sicily by
that most honest, heroic, patriotic, and blundering
of all living Italians—at once the Paladin and the
Marpiot of Italian Independence!

The ulterior result of these lamentable proceed-
ings in Southern Italy, it would of course be utterly
impossible at this moment even to conjecture. W.
can only note the events that have already
occurred there, and that are occurring elsewhere
in consequence. It behoves the English Govern-
ment more than ever to watch vigilantly over the
course of these very sinister proceedings. A heavy
responsibility devolves just now upon the noble
Earl, her MAJESTY'S Foreign Secretary—who, it
cannot but be observed with satisfaction, has hastily
returned from his brief holiday excursion in Ire-
land to his residence at Richmond, so as to be near
the seat of Government, and prepared to take mo-
mentary note of the occurrences now coming rapidly
to light. Earl RUSSELL has reason to remember
more vividly, perhaps, than any one how egre-
giously we were allowed to " drift" into war but a
few years ago apropos to Constantinople. Let him
beware that we do not " drift" into war a few
months hence apropos to Rome. A timely inti-
mation to Russia (then our ally) would have
saved Western Europe the after necessity
of squandering 100,000 lives and £100,000,000
sterling upon the fatal plateau before Sebas-
topol! And this merely to accomplish what
might have been as readily effected—if the right
time only had been seized upon for doing it—
by the expenditure of a little ink by a
Minister, and of a little breath by an Ambassador.
A timely intimation to France (now our ally),
might save Italy, might spare Europe from the
agonies of a protracted and frightful conflict, the
wasting of much precious gold, and of still more
precious blood.
The Autocrat of Russia might have learnt in
Peace, and not through War, that England (and
France) would not tolerate his advance upon Con-
stantinople !
The Autocrat of France might—in reason and in
humanity be assured, as frankly and unmistake-
ably by a few spoken and Written words, as
ever he could be afterwards by the clash of
bayonets or the thundering of cannon, that Eng-
land cannot tolerate his seizure—let us say, of
Naples, for his cousin MURAT, or of the Island of
Sardinia for himself !

As to the French occupation of Rome, that every-
one, even every Frenchman, knows perfectly well
long since to he a purely temporary arrangement.
Sooner or Iater—GARIBALDI has now rendered it
later at the very juncture when it just gave
promise of being sooner !—Sooner or later the
French Division must be withdrawn from Rome !
That is a positive and absolute Necessity. There
is no blinking it. The presence of the French
soldiers at Rome is simply an expedient ; is nothing
more than the Evasion of a Difficulty. Their de- '
parture from it is a problem that not only can be
solved, but will be solved. How ? Arms may
answer, or—Diplomacy. But, beyond any doubt
of it, GARIBALDI, in his eagerness to solve the
problem of the Roman question, has gone the
very worst way to work to discover the solution.
Instead of retiring at his " insolent " bidding
from the position she there occupies, France is, on
the contrary, gathering the reigns up more firmly
than ever in her grasp, and taking the scourge
of Bellona for her whip. It is the most fatal
error : fatal, that is, in its immediate if not in
its ulterior consequences, For already—as the re-
sults of GARIBALDI'S new Sicilian expedition—
Italy has anarchy, her Government confusion,
NAPOLEON his opportunity. The latter, we may
be certain—thanks to GARIBALDI—has his grasp
more firmly than eval upon Rome, and an eye
alternately directta t;) Naples and to Sardinia!

The confusion begun in Sicily is in the meantime
extending fast upon the mainland of the peninsula.
GARIBALDI is himself reported to have crossed over
from Catania to Mileto, about seven miles from
Cape Spartivento ! The Garibaldian Volunteers
rising and advancing in various directions.
General CORLE leading his red-shirts to Catanzaro.
Colonel NULLO—fresh from his disappointment
in regard to Sarnico -- leading his red-shirts
1 boldly and resolutely upon Reggio. Colonel
BRUZZESI conducting his band the in direction of
Cosenza—from which place the Prefect G CTICCIARDI
tenders hls resignation to the Government, in despair
of holding his authority there intact! While the
like is done—and for the like reasons—by the Pre-
fect of Catanzaro. Tidings from Aderno, in Sicily,
meanwhile, under date the 17th of August, tell us
of as many of the King's officers (exactly seventeen)
having placed their commissions in the hands of
General MELLA rather than draw their swords
against General GARIBALDI !
CUGIA, unequal to the emergency, had not yet
(when our last telegram was flashed through the
submarine wire) been superseded by the arrival at
Palermo of CIALDINI —the latter, strange to tell,
made a detour on his way from Genoa to Palermo,
by going round to Bologna. So formidable, however,
is the position affairs are beginning to assume there
in Southern Italy, that not only, as head of the land
forces of the KING, is CUGIA to be replaced by CIAL-
DINI—but, as head of the sea forces, ALBINI is to
make way for PERSANO ! Nay, rumours were actually
for a time afloat at Turin to the effect that,
while the royal forces will be commanded in Sicily
by CIALDINI, the KING'S army upon the mainland
would be commanded by the KING himself in per-
son. However this may be, the dreadful game of
civil war is now fairly afoot not only in Sicily, but
in more than one part of the Peninsula. The war-
blast sounded by GARIBALDI at Catania—has been
echoed by the French bugles at Rome. While these
preliminary battle notes are yet ringing in our cars
—cannot all this threatened effusion of blood be
warded off as a still avoidable calamity to Europe,
cannot the opposing swords be thrust back into
their scabbards, upon the timely interposition of
the Diplomacy of England ?

The
Harvest—what a cheerful, yet what an
anxious Word. We all think of it, more or less,
from the end of
July till October, according to our
latitude and longitude.
Every family asks what
is to be the quality and
cost of its loaf. All the
markets of England
fluctuate with the aspects of
the sky ; and the money market itself rises and falls
with the little column of quicksilver. Transactions
involving millions sterling are
governedor modified
bydoesthe
ityheechnngeso sftthok ecwind. At no other time of
t
Exchange look at the sky
as anxiously as Mark Lane itself. -we write just
now beneath a bright and cheerful sun, and accord.
ingly we find that our report yesterday of the
Corn Market was—flat, a or two a quarter
lower, for sunshine and plenty go together. About
a week ago it was just the reverse. Then, in our
part cf the country, cold winds from the north nod
north-cart suddenly squzezcd the vast electric
transparent sponge—for such it is in reference to
moisture—in which we all live, and drenched us
and our crops. Harvest was a sad word for thosa
few days. In this country, however, and at this
time of year, rains are frequently partial and even
While we were all gloomy on the banks of
the Thames, the dwellers on the numerous streams
which make their way, from the east and north