The Sun.
London, England, 1865-12-23 00:00:00

Brigandage in Italy.

(From the Correspondent of the Times.)
The withdrawal of a portion of the French troops
from the Roman States, and the necessary concen-
tration of the remainder within narrower limits,
will testify the ability of the Papal Government to
maintain order in the rural districts, and to prevent
any increase of brigandage. _ _

There is great reason to apprehend, however,
that in the first instance the means of the Papal
Government will be inadequate to meet the neces-
sities of the case, and that brigandage will greatly
increase in the Roman States, and it may he feared
also in other parts of Italy, from the facilities
which the brigands will have of transferring their
operations from one part of the country to another.
British travellers in Italy will do well to bear this
in mind, and avoid, aS far as possible, visiting dis-
tricts where brigandage is known to prevail. They
should remember that, however anxious the Italian
and Papal Governments may be, for their own
sakes, to put down the outrages of which many dis-
tricts are the scene, the difficulties which those Go-
vernments have to contend with in doing so are very
great. The lawless character of the inhabitants in
secluded parts of Italy, the sympathy or apprehen-
sions of the peasantry, and the difficulty in pur-
suing malefactors through the mountain fastnesses,
all combine to render the suppression of brigandage
a work of great difficulty ; and that difficulty is
not a little enhanced by the natural anxiety of
the relatives and friends of persons captured
by brigands to redeem them from captivity
by paying whatever ransom may be demanded.
There can be no question, however, that the system
of ransom operates as a premium to brigandage; and
it can scarcely be a matter of surprise that theltalian
Government, seeking, as a matter of State policy, to
eradicate the evil, discountenances and even prohi-
bits by law any payments on that account.
It is difficult for foreign Governments to interfere
with the discretion of the Italian Government in this
respect, nor can the latter be held responsible for
mischances that may happen to the Subjects of fo-
reign powers voluntarily resorting to its dominions
for any purposes whatever.
Such foreigners must take their chance with the
natives of the country, and cannot claim the inter-
ference of their Governments to place them in a
better position than native subjects.
The British Parliament would not listen to a
claim for compensation made by a foreign Govern-
ment in behalf of one of its subjects who might have
been robbed on the highway, or whose house might
have been broken into and plundered by burglars,
and England cannot claim for British subjects in a
foreign country what the British Parliament would
deny to the subjects of a foreign country in Eng-
land.
Bearing these considerations in mind, therefore,
it is to be hoped that Englishmen visiting Italy will,
for the present at least, be very careful not to ex:
pose themselves heedlessly to capture by brigands.
The Italian Government in particular are known to
be making the greatest efforts to suppress brigand-
age, and it cannot be doubted that the Papal Go-
vernment will do the same ; but in the meanwhile
and until these efforts have led to a better state of
things than now exist in parts of Italy, it is impossi-
ble for travellers in that country to be too cautious.

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DUBLIN, . KT
You have already received by telegraph the nth
suit of the trial of Underwood O'Connell yesterday
at Cork. The witnesses examined were Sub-in-
spector Graves, Constable Mahony, and Sub-con-
stable Hawkins. Mr. Butt, Q.C., addressed the
jury for the defence. Mr. Barry then reviewed the
evidence at length, after which Mr. Justice Keogh
proceeded to charge the jury. They brought in a
verdict of Guilty, and the prisoner was immediately
sentenced to penal servitude for 10 years.
O'Callaghan Holmes O'Reardon was then put for-
ward for trial. The Attorney-General stated the
case against him, some evidence was given, and the
Court adjourned at half-past 6 o'clock.
The four prisoners who had been convicted in
Cork arrived in Dublin by train about 10 o'clock
last night, and were quietly escorted by a troop of
cavalry and a body of metropolitan police to the
Mountjoy convict prison.

The- annual distribution of Crimean Banquet
Fund prizes to the successful competitors among
the pupils of the Royal Hibernian Military School
took place yesterday in the dining room of that
valuable institution, in the presence of a large and
highly respectable assembly. At half-past 2 o'clock
the Lord-Lieutenant, accompanied by Lady Wode-
house, and attended by Mr. Edward Wodehouse,
Private Secretary, and Major Wood, A.D.C.,
arrived, and was received by the principal officers
of the institution and a guard of honour of soldiers
of almost every description of corps, who had been
educated in this institution. Among those present
were Mr. Chichester Fortescue, M.P., Chief Secre-
tary for Ireland, and the Countess IValdegrave ;
the Lord Mayor; the Lord Mayor-Elect ; Major-
General Conynghame, oammanding the Dub- ,
- lin Division ; Major Ellis., A.D.C. ; M-Sjor-Grireral
Napier ; Major Wood, V.C.,A.D.C. ; Col. Durn-
ford, commanding Royal Engineers in Ireland;
Major-General Symmons, and Capt. Lindsay, D.L.
Lieut.-Colonel Wynyard, Commandant, having
read the report, the Lord-Lieutenant then addressed
the pupils, and gave them some suitable advice,
concluding with the following remarks :
" And allow me to say that you have here the
advantage, being, as you are, of different religious
persuasions, of learning a lesson which is most
valuable, and which cannot be too much taken to
heart—namely, that you cad live in perfect har-
mony with each other, although it may happen to
you, as it happens to all of us, that you may not
have the same religious opinions as all those with
whom you may have to mix. That is a valuable
lesson. lam glad to know that such perfect har-
mony does exist in this institution among you upon
that point ; and I am confident that, although at
this time of your lives I should trust that such a
consideration as the possibility of discord upon
those points has not entered into your minds, yet
the lessons which you here learn will in after-life be
valuable to you and will not be forgotten. What-
ever religious persuasion you may belong to, I trust
and I believe that you will learn here that highest
of all lessons of religion—namely, the exercise of
Christian charity and true love for your neigh-
bours. I know that I need add nothing further. I
know this, that this wa§ one of the first institutions
which it was my lot to attend when I came over
last year to occupy the position which I have -the
honour to hold ; and I know of no institution which
I have seen since I came to Ireland which it gives
me greater pleasure to visit and to hear the re-
port of."
Major-General Conynghame, C. 8., and Mr. Chi-
chester Fortescue, M.P., also said a few words.
" Rule Britannia " and " God Save the Queen "
having been sung, hearty cheers were given Tor the
Queen, the Prince and Princess of Wales, the Lord-
Lieutenant, &c., after which the proceedings ter-
, urinated. _

Dr. R. S. Ireland has retired on full pay from
his office as medical attendant of the metropolitan
police after 36 years' service. lie is to be succeeded
by Dr. Nedley.
A special meeting of the Committee of the Na-
tional Association of Ireland was held at 7, Lower
Ormond Quay, yesterday. There were five bishops
present. There was a lengthened discussion on the
past and future policy of the association, which ter-
minated in the unaniindas .2.option of the following
resolution :—" That (confiding that the conduct
and management of the National Association will
be in strict accordance with the fundamental prin-
ciple on which it was originally established—viz.,
independence of all political parties) we declare
that the political interests of Ireland require that

the association should be sustained and strengthened,
and we earnestly urge immediate and energetic
action for that purpose."

FRIDAY NIGHT.

The trial of O'Callaghan Holmes O'Reardon, late
captain in the Federal army, and formerly sergeant-
major in the 10th Hussars, with which corps he
served in the Crimea, was resumed to-day.

The approver, Warner, deposed that he saw the
prisoner give instructions in the use of the rifle ;
and a new informer, named Connell, that he heard
him say he would return from America with
100,000 Fenians.
Mr. M. J. Barry, who alone defended the pri-
soner, addressed the jury on his behalf.
The jury, after a few minutes' deliberation, re-
turned a verdict of acquittal.
Alexander Nicholls was put forward ; he pleaded
guilty, and was let out on giving heavy bail to come
up when called on.
The Government has refused to comply with the
request of the corporation to furnish a copy of the
report of the Inspector-General of Prisons on which
they acted in dismissing Mr. Marquis.
The Board of Superintendence will itself hold an
inquiry on oath.