The Sun.
London, England, 1862-04-17 00:00:00

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f 4.
circle was completed in 3 min, 64 et.:1111
in 5 min. 2 sec., and the entire cr(ole,,rx
in 8 min. 56 see. The next triai.,„_
speed, the engines being stopped dead, theMip
fectly stationary, the helm a-starboard, mid the time
being taken from the engines moving fairly ahead
on the word being given. The rudder was got over
to 26 deg. before turning ahead, but after the en-
gines got into full play this was reduced to 24 deg.
owing to the stretching of the tiller ropes, or some
other cause. The ship's head began to move round
a little in this experiment, in answer to her helm,
before she actually got way upon her by the action
of her engines, a fact that deserves notice. Eight
points, or the quarter of a circle, were made in 4
miq. 7 SEC. Sixteen points, or half the circle, were
made in 6 min 48 sec, and the entire circle was com-
pleted in 11 min 52 sec. The next trial was made
under precisely similar circumstances, but with the
helm aport. The rudder on this occasion was got
over to 27 deg. and kept to it, an extra turn having
been taken round the barrel of the wheel with the
ropes, which may have caused the difference in the
degrees maintained between this trial and the last.
The first eight points, or quarter circle, were made
in 4 min 5 see ; the 16 points, or half-circle, in 7 min
16 sec, and the entire circle was completed in 12 min
20 sec. The revolutions of the engines during this
experiment, however, varied from 22 to 34. The
last trial concluded the completion of the circles.
With reference to the time given for the completion
of the first portion of the circles, it is necessary to
state that the point taken—the Nab light vessel—
was only about a mile distant from the ship when
the times were taken, and it is well known that the
closer the object taken for a point is to a ship in
noting time to make a circle, the more inaccurate
the time given for the first completed parts of the
circle must be. The figures as representing the time
in which the circles were completed may, howe'Ver,
be taken as correct. At the same time, as the pre-
sent trial is only a comparative one for the next
trial, when the ship will be tried at the same marks
and under, as near as possible, the same circum-
stances of wind and weather as yesterday, the
temporary wooden casing being removed, and the
rudder being brought to its original area, the
means taken yesterday are all that can be desired
under the circumstances. Arrangements have
been made for bringing the rudder over to 35 deg.
when the hydraulic steering apparatus is fitted to
the ship, but the question remains to be solved
whether, under those circumstances, the rudder-
head, or outer sternpost, will stand such an im-
mense strain. It is but repeating an oft-told tale,
the truth of which is acknowledged by most people,
that the rudders of our screw ships are in their
wrong position abaft the screw, and that the only
true remedy for our present weakness of steering
and weakness of stern-frames would be the adop-
tion of subaqueous rudders and non-lifting screws.
The temperature of the ship below during the trial
was much improved yesterday upon that of her trial
of speed at light draught on Nov. 19 last, on her ar-
rival at Spithead from Greenock. On deck the ave-
rage temperature was 49 deg. On the engine-room
platform the average was 85.03. In the stokeholes
the seven thermometers gave an average, commen-
cing from forward to aft, of 79.6, 96.6, 102.6, 102.0,
91.6,101.3, and 80.6. At her present draught of
water the ship's area of midship section is 1,150 ft.,
with a displacement of 6,384 tons. The area of her
screw blades is each 66ft. In outward appearance
the hull of the Black Prince is much more graceful
than the Warrior's ; this is chiefly owing to a less
breadth of bow above the water-line, and to her
hammock berthing forward and her head having
been raised considerably above those of the War-
rior. This work has been done since the ship's ar-
rival at Portsmouth, and, although it certainly can-
not help her materially in a sea-way, it still adds
much to, as we have said, the gracefulness of her
outward appearance. An immense amount of work
has been done to the ship since her arrival at Ports-
mouth in the shipwright's department, comprising
the fitting of her hammock berthing fore and aft, the
arching of her upper deck ports for her Armstrong
guns, head, boats, crutches, davits, bridges, -sky-
lights, second catheads, cabin fittings, and general
fittings of upper and maindecks. In progress are the
fitting of the capstan for steam power, the examina-
tion of water-tight and ballast compartments, the bed.
for the auxiliary engine, ventilation of the magazines,
making maindeck ports watertight by vulcanized
indiarubber linings, fitting sluice cocks, and a mul-
tiplicity of other work, together with the construc-
tion of a " head" for the accommodation of the cre w
at sea. This latter innovation is the result of the
Warrior's cruise at sea, the experience gained on
that occasion proving that the "head" of a ship in
its ordinary position is inaccessible to the crew of
an iron cased ship, owing to the liveliness of the
motion of the latter description of vessel over that
of an ordinary wooden constructed ship at sea. The
work in the engineers' department, although not of

THE SUN, LONDON; THU RS DAY EVENI N G, APRIL 17, 1862.

PRICK .... -..4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

purity, and morality, let him turn to the pages of
the French Republican journals in the time of the
worship of the goddess Reason. Let no one sup-
pose the writers were not sincere, though the lady
who sat in the car might have in the flesh undergone
the ordeals of the correctional police. Let none
suppose that the " Union" now does not fire the
Northern heart and move the souls of those great
masses which have lain so long beneath the weight
of dollar bags, from the Canadian lakes to the Sus-
quehanna and the Ohio, to-day with afresh current
of thought and feeling; a new arterial system of
hope and action has been put into them. One of the
great triumphs of their young career is that they
have slain the mother that fostered and bore them ;
which had, however, become a step-mother and
tyrannized them to death. There is no one in Con-
gress, there is not in Senate, in House of Represen-
tatives, in pulpit, or stump, or in the forum, a man
who has a word to say in this year of grace 1862
against a war against the press compared with
which there has been nothing known even in the
days of Andrew Marvel. The utmost the boldest
journals venture upon is to give warning to their
agents to flee from some doubtful wrath to come.
And the American people are very glad of it ; least-
ways, they don't appear at all dissatisfied. Here
are billiard-table keepers and whiskey drinkers
g,.ttiog up public meetings, and all sorts of interests
moving against taxation, but not man cries out
" murder," or even "robbery," far less " fire" at the
visible extinction of all life in the press in its func-
tion of giving news. Devotion to the Union cannot
do much more. When an American is content to
do without news in his newspaper he has exhausted
submission and forbearance, and made his sacrifice.
My next letter will be from the neighbourhood of
Fortress Monroe. The Rinaldo is still lying off Old
Point Comfort, and two French vessels, one the
Catinat, have hurried up to enjoy the spectacle of a
renewed encounter between the knights in armour.
The Racer is off Charleston, whence comes the
rumour of another arrival of arms and muni-
tion in a steamer which ran the blockade.
There is no news yet from the Nashville,
and the shipowners are by no means happy in their
minds. In the forthcoming encounter one of the
opponents of the Merrimac intends to try large
shells upon her. The Navy Department has given
orders for the manufacture of a number of fiat-
headed bolts on Whitworth's plan, to pierce the
iron plates, if possible. In reference to this matter
I may observe that an erroneous impression, for
which I am in some degree responsible, appears to
have been created in Europe that Capt. Dahlgren
is of opinion that shell could be used with effec

Wendell Phillips would, I can easily believe, lay
down his life as calmly for the sake of the cause as
he would, if needs :Avcre, head a crusade for it in
which thousands would fall amid the horrors to
which Earl Russell alluded in his speech the other
evening—l mean to us out here, for it has only
just been received ; and by parenthesis let me say
that its moderation, temper, impartiality, and truth-
fulness have obliged the most anti-British papers
to admit, while attributing to it the worst motives,
that the conduct of the British Minister has been
characterised by an , undeviating adhesion to an
honourable and strict neutrality. Defoe describes
the treatment which a man may expect who acts in
a similar manner between political parties, and
Great Britain will, I fear, fare little better from
either North or South when the war is at an end.
For some time, however, whatever that end may
may be, the attention of both parties will be devoted
probably to the settlement of the negro question and
its adjuncts, and with the end of the war comes a
time of great trouble and fierce excitement. Can
the people of the two sets of States ever live to-
gether again ? How long will it be before the wild
guerilla of the South can be reduced ?
In a war extending over such a large portion of
the Northern:continent of America, conducted under
such different circumstances, it is not to be
wondered that There to no uniformity of action
among the leat,,ers, and oo general priocipl es of con-
duct among the subordinates. I have seen evidence
which satisfied me that the Confederate troops com-
mitted grave excesses before they evacuated Nash-
ville, just as the Federals misbehaved when they
advanced last September to Munson's-hill, and re-
cently were guilty of smaller misdemeanours at
Centreville. General Price returned the money
which he had taken out of a Missouri bank to pre-
vent it falling into the hands of the Federalists to
the rightful owners when he next advanced through
that much vexed State or Territory—for a territory
it may become if it be not now a province governed
by a military legate. "We are a peculiar people,
sir, and no one can understand us but ourselves,"
is a common saying in the States, Confederate and
Federal—used alike by Loais J. Wigfall and Ed-
ward Everett. Certainly the results of self-know-
ledge do not show that it is peculiarly valuable if
we look at the present war. When Mr. Raymond
made his speech against the proposal to let the
State of New York act as a sovereign State, and
arm its own coasts and frontiers, the was fighting
against the deep-rooted and' innate secessionism
which is found in the very life• blood of the Union.
It is the great source of evil present and of evil to
come. It made the whole body corporate of lowa,
Governor and all, so elated mentally and bodily
over the successes of their troops that the papers
were obliged to give them a temperance lecture the
other day. Illinois, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana,
New York, Rhode Island—every State has its
separate entity, and is treasuring up its struggles
and its sacrifices, its losses and its -victories, for
some Armageddon of its own. State jealousies
have been much developed by the war. The en-
listments by one State of the citizens of another
have been either openly forbidden or secretly op-
posed by the governors and politicians who de-
nounce the development of State rights in seces-
sion with the greatest force and vehemence. They
all unite, it is true, to hunt down the fox or the
lion, or whatever he may be who is destroying
their fold, but they are animals distinct in species,
and even in genera, nevertheless. If the South was
a monomaniac in its faith that cotton was king, the
North is almost equally mad in believing that it
can, by opening "cotton ports" in such places as
Beaufort and Fernandina, induce the great European
Powers to depart from their rule of neutrality in
the quarrel. As this war proceed it evolves a diver-
sity of ideas and principles in the great "bund"
which is fighting for the Union. The South is
tolerably homogeneous ; the North is actuated by
motives as diverse and various as those which actu-
ated the leasers of the Holy Alliance. But there
was no difference between Czar and Prussian King
as wide as that which separates Halleck from Fre-
mont. The latter is, indeed, favoured above all men,
because he is an incarnation of faith to millions—

ground to about twice its present size. The
field-officers' quarters, as well as the barracks and
other offices, will be removed to another locality. It
is also contemplated to take in a porticn of Chatham
dockyard, and to throw the barracks back as far as
the residence of the master ropemaker ; the public
road leading to the New-stairs will not, however,
be blocked up, but communication with that portion
of the buildings will be maintained either by means
of an arch thrown over the road, or by an under-
ground passage. The new barrack buildings will
provide accommodation for 700 additional marines,
thereby enabling 1,500 men to be quartered in them,
by which all the demands upon the establishment
will be met. The site of the new barracks has been
officially inspected by Col. Langley, Deputy-Adju-
tant-General.
The inspection of the 3d depot battalion at Chat-
ham, under the command of Lieut.-Col. C. E. Fairt-
lough, was made yesterday by ,Major-Gen. A. J.
Lawrence, C. 8., Inspector-General of Infantry, ac-
companied by Lieut.-Col. A. Alison, C. 8., Assist.-
Adjutant-General. At 9 o'clock the depot battalion,
consisting of the Ist. and 2d battalions of the 19th
Regiment, 51st King's Own Light Infantry, 75th,
81st, and 91st Regiments, assembled in front of its
quarters at the hut barracks. The depot battalion
has been reduced to about 600 men of all ranks, of
which number rather less than 400 were under arms
'esterday morning. Aftera careful inspection of the
troops the battalion was marched to Chatham lines,
where the officers and men were exercised a consi-
derable time in a variety of movements, which were
very creditably executed. In a subsequent part of
the day Major-Gen. Lawrence made the usual in-
spection of the books and accounts of each depot of
the battalion, which brought the half-yearly inspec-
tion of the troops of the line at the garrison 'to a
close. From the satisfactory manner in which the
troops have acquitted themselves the report of the
inspector-general is expected to be favourable.
Major-Gen. A. B. Stransham, Deputy-Adjutan

General, made his first annual inspection of the Ply-
mouth division of Royal Marines on the Hoe on
Tuesday, when they assembled some 1,500 strong,
under Colonel. Commandant Holloway, C. 8.,

A.D.°, They were put through the usual manual,
platoon, and bayonet drills by Lieut.-Col. Curry,
and were afterwards exercised in light infantry
movements. Their appearance and discipline secured
the approbation of the Adjutant-General, who sub-

sequently held a levee at the headquarters, Stone-
house Barracks.

Capt. Walker, of the 66th Regiment, at present
stationed at the camp at Colchester, is under orders
to join his regiment in India. Lieut.-Col. Freeling
has assumed the command of the Royal Engineers
in the eastern district, in the room of Col. Hadden.
The duties of the office had been temporarily dis-
charged by Capt. Clarke.
Yesterday the Ist battalion of the Coldstream
Guards arrived at Liverpool from Dablin, in the
City of Dublin Company's steamers Iron Duke and
Windsor. • The corps brought in the Iron Duke,

against armoured ships. His theory is that iron
shot at a low velocity will prove most destructive,

and will solve the problem of meeting such antago-
nists, when guns have been constructed of adequate
calibres. The Government of the United States is
quite alive to the importance of this question, and
their officers are not at all likely to treat it unskil-
fully or inefficiently. Even Congress begins to push
forward the work, and readily votes mosey for the
construction of an iron fleet, although Stevens' great
ram is not altogether approved as a medium of
expenditure.

numbering five officers and 219 non-commissioned
officers and men, was under the command of Lieut.-

Col. the Hon. W. Fielding. The Winds or brought
11 officers, 463 men, the officers including Col. T. M.
Steele, C. 8., and Lieut.-Lord E. Cecil, A number
of women and children arrived with the same vessels.

In the course of the day the whole body proceeded
from Liverpool for London by the London and

North-Western Railway.

On Tuesday there was inaugurated with military
ceremonial a monument on the esplanade of Edin-
burgh Castle to the officers and men of the 78th
Highlanders, about 250 in number, who fell in the
Indian campaign of 1857.8. The monument, which

is erected by the surviving officers and men of the
regiment, is in the form of a Celtic Cross, and is
elaborately carved. The names of all the officers and
men commemorated are inscribed on the pedestal in
old letters. Gen. Walker, commanding in the North
British district, conducted the ceremonial, and made

a short address on the services of the regiment to
the troops present—namely, the Scots Greys, the

26th Cameronians, and a battery of Royal Artillery.

" the substance of things 1 oped for—the evidence
of things not seen "—and so he is feted and be-
sworded and berhymed, because he represents an
undeveloped idea. When he was removed from his
command the officers of one of his regiments assem-
bled and voted that he was a good general and
ought not to be removed. To Americans, save those

THE BLACK PRINCE OFF THE WIGHT.

As previously announced, the Black Prince iron
frigate, fitting for commission at Portsmouth, yes-
terday made her experimental trial outside the Isle
of Wight to test the capabilities of her enlarged
rudder under steam. The original area of the rud-
der was 130 ft, but with the temporary wooden
casing, under which she was tried yesterday, the
area was increased to 153 ft, giving an increased
area of 22.04 ft. The draught of water of the ship
was, aft 23ft lin, and forward 22ft. The propeller
is an improved Griffiths's—that is, with the tip of
the blades inclining forward, with a pitch of 30ft, a

in the regular army, that proceeding does not ap-
pear remarkable. Just imagine the officers of a
regiment of Zouaves passing similar resolutions
when Canrobert was superseded by Pelissier, or
those of a Highland regiment acting in the same
way when Sir Colin Campbell was passed over by
General Codrington ! A peculiar people indeed !
A very great people, too, with a future on this con-
tinent which, if not exactly that the phrenzied
flights of their orators, when they expatiate before
King Bunkum (rectiuB Buncombe) would make it,
must be grand and prosperous. As a matterof
contrast it would be worth while:for any one to look
over the American papers before the reign of him
of the
." vultus instantis tyranni" and those of the
present time. I have a journal now under my hand
which, not content with criticising every movement
of the military chiefs, gives the fullest details of
every military operation, details the disposition and
march of troops and ships, and includes an elegant
extract respecting the President himself, whom it
accuses of being a sort of Louis XIV., gallant, gay,
and profligate, prostrato at the feet of the wife of a
Cabinet Minister, whom it recommends an attack
upon by public petition. Perhaps that particular
journal is to-day the most noisy and determined
supporter of Mr. Lincoln. Within the last few
days for instance, Mr. Seward has done something
or other to offend the delicate monster which called
itself his organ, and accordingly it is using its
rougher voice, which " utters foul speeches and
detracts," about him. His press and telegraph cen-
sorship and his passport system are, it now
appears, " alike laughable ;" his imprisonment of
suspected persons has done no good; and the end is,
oh, miserable man! he will have to answer for
these and other acts in violation of
inquiry. If the
of the constitution,
hwehaidchwwhiiellhsubreealrys
abeertoewstnedlibeys ri
uneasily,
what ought
to be the state of the caput of a Republican Secre-
tary h
eo ft
oSpt a toef ! t Thehe h
iltlo nwe
lot
hf S sso
from the inferior creatures at the bottom, is robing
down on him to their intense delight. In that must
tbhee fleshthei their great
purse by them. The satisfactiont revenge for all wrongs suffered in
evinced by officers of the regular army and navy at
the dejected and subdued condition of the American
press is intense; and yet they forget that, but for
the increasing support and energies of that press,
which, with all its faults, had struggled with heart
and brain for the Union, they might have but a
poor army and navy under them at this moment.
Their answer to such remarks generally is that "the
press has done it all." The press and the politicians
are believed by those who detest both to be at the
bottom of the mischief—and when it has been dis-
posed of they may find some difficulty in getting
out of the power of their new masters.

department, has still been of an unusual ehmacter,
although having little to do with the maker of the
engines. In this department the chief points in the
so extensive a nature as that of the shipwright's
completion of the ship's fitment consist of the ship-
ment and fixing of her auxiliary engine, and the
fitment of her steering hydraulic apparatus. The
ship was brought into harbour again at the conclu-
sion of the trials, and berthed alongside the Belle-
rophon hulk temporarily, her orders being to go
alongside the dockyard and receive her masts, &c.
The coals used were specially placed on board for
the trials and were the same as were supplied to
the Warrior on her trial trips, and which are
also kept in store for the use of her Majesty's
at half speed, 32. It would
dupri
during
g.tT Navigationhhee
tmean
ea Steamalsn
Were—at
Coal
revolutions
e r
e—.
a t fromf
uolfl
Nixon'sperfluous to speak of the performance
sbttyphheae.eeace yachts
onb—sgöet
irsnsdtea Aberdare
of the machinery of the ship after Vint has already
been said of its working on her trial of speed, and
also of the working of the Warrior's, which are from
the same manufactory and made from the same
patterns as those of the Black Prince.

diameter of 24ft Gin, and an immersion of 2ft 7in.
It is hardly necessary to state that the engines are
by Messrs. Penn and Son, of 1,250 nominal horse
power, made from the same pattern as the Warrior's.
The ship was in command of Capt. H. Broadhead,
commanding the reserve at Portsmouth, Mr. G.
Murdoch, inspector of machinery afloat at Ports-
mouth, and Mr. Miller, assistant, engineer of the
dockyard, superintending the proceedings on the
part of the Admiralty, the machinery being under
the control of Mr. Holliday, of Messrs. Penn and
Sons, and Mr. Tucker, the chief engineer of the
ship. Capt. B. A. Powell, C. 8., commanding her
Majesty's ship Defence ; Commander Hope, R.N.,
and other naval officers were on board as visitors.
The ship cast off her fastenings to the Duke of
Wellington, to which vessel she had been made fast
since being undocked the previous day, at 9 50 a.m.,
and at slow speed left the harbour, increasing the
revolutions of her engines to 40 as she passed the
Spit Buoy, clear of the harbour channel, and to 52
revolutions as she passed the Nab, or Bembridge
light vessel, where full speed was given to her and
a course laid to give her the necessary distance from
the light ship to make the circles, the Nab being
taken as the point on which the circles were to be
made.

IMPROVED FINANCIAL PROSPECTS

OF INDIA.

(From the Times.)
Nothing can be more cheering than the anticipa-
tions of the Indian press as to the prospects of the
Indian revenue and expenditure. Although the
licence-tax has been repealed, and the income-tax
appears likely to
yield only two millions of revenue,
the balances in the Indian Exchequer have risen to
the almost incredible sum of eighteen millions. The
a
military expenditure is reduced to eleven and
half millions from upwards of twenty millions
sterling, and we are gradually getting rid, by virtue
of this very economy, of the principal cause of our
danger, substituting for it the most efficient
guarantee of safety in the shape of
an European
army really adequate to the demands of the ser-
vice. The prospects of trade are said to be good.
The rise in the price of cotton, occasioned by the
civil war in America, will
distribute far into the
remote interior the means of contributing to
the revenue. The
stamp duty appears to have
been a complete success, and to raise a consider-
able sum with
very
little
trouble or discontent,
The railways are advancing towards completion,
and penetrating every year deeper and deeper into
the i • nterior districts of an enormous t.
con went,
which have hitherto, by want of roads and defects
of water communication, been almost cut off from the
civilised world. The internal navigation of India
is rapidly improving under the agency of companies
which have invented a peculiar class ofstearner,admi-
rably adapted for the navigation of her shallow
waters. In fact, all those things which, under the
Government of the East India Company, were
always in the Paulo Post Futurum tense—always
about to be done, and never done—are now actually
coming to pass. Add to this the mystery of the
power of India to absorb the precious metals with-
out limit seems now in a fair way to be solved. The
Government has commenced to issue its notes, and
to test, for the first time, the real state and position
of the Indian currency. The effect of this operation
will be to enable the Government to become pro.
prietors of four millions of its own stock, which it
will hold as security for the excess of notes issued
above the bullion reserved to meet any demand that
may be made. It may,- perhaps, be thought that
the terms granted to the Bank of Bengal have been
unnecessarily liberal; but any error of this kind, if
an error has been committed, Will not be difficult to
remedy.

Like the Warrior, her sister vessel,theßlackPrince
was fortunate in point of weather, the strong N.E.
winds and tumbling seas which had previously pre-
vailed having subsided into a moderate westerly
breeze with smooth water, so that the trials were
made under most favourable circumstances. The first
two trials were made to complete a circle at full
speed, the time being taken from the giving the
order to shift the helm, with 12 men at the wheel,
which number of men was continued throughout.
The first experiment was "hard a-port," the ship's
head being on with the Nab, and the rudder was
got over 16 deg. The first half of the circle was
completed in 3 min, 52 sec., and the second in 4
min. 13 sec., completing the circle in 8 min. 5 sec.
To these first half-circles, however, it will be neces-
sary to again refer. The next attempt at making
a circle was thrown out of consideration altogether,
owing to a discrepancy in time, and the succeeding
attempt was
s schooner a l
course, when the helm had to be
collision. ccompelled i g
h t o t
athwart
thrown
the
ship'saside
owing
to a
shifted to avoid a

The second successful experiment was made with
the helm hard a-starboard,
over 13 dogs., and the hal in completed
f
.eirel thee rudder
being
being got
in 3 min. 56 sec., the second .) min. 63 sec., eom
pleting the entire circle in 9 min. 49 sec. The helm
wkept in the same position as in making
thisasnow
last circle, the rudder being, of course, at the
same angle, and a second circle entered upon, with-
out change in helm or rudder, the time, of course,
in this instance being taken with the helm in the
required position, and not from the moment of a
given order. The half-circle was made, under these
circumstances, in 3 min. 32 sec., the second half in
6 min, 6 sec., and the entire circle in 9 min. 38 sec.
The next experiment was with putting the helm
down hard a-port, and taking the time when the
ship's head came on with the object (the Nab)
whence the circle commein'ced. The first half-)

In one of Wilson's or Anderton's ornithological
papers there is an account of the wonder and fierce-
ness of a certain sort of American woodpecker when
it was first put in a cage. All the present actions
and behaviour of the American press are described
to the life in it. At last it began to tear out its own
feathers. Here is Mr. Stanton--the man of an
hour, the lawyer of yesterday ; the hippodamos, the
press-tamer of to-day. How he has grown, almost
in a moment, into life and power ! So did Danton,
so did Fouche, so did Robespiere. But, remember,
they had no such cause as " the Union." If they
thought they had, they were no doubt wrong.
If any one desires to read the finest, purest, most
highflown words that wet ever uttered about liberty