The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-10 00:00:00

Tilt SUP, LONDON, TUESDAY EV 8114 MG, OCTOBER 10, HU%

engross the attention of those who appear at
these meetings, and foremost among these is the
condition of the labourers. Lord LEICESTER was
fortunately enabled to congratulate his hearers upon
the improvement that had taken place in the condi-
tion of these valuable members of society, and so far
this was a set-off against the long list of grievances
which the summing up of the year brought before
them. The great improvement of the labourer in a
moral sense is an additional matter for rejoicing,
and in Norfolk it is conspicuously the case
that changes for the better have testified to the
advance of reason and the spread of enlighten-
ment. This part of the country also was the first
to set the example of a " union settlement," which
Parliament has since sanctioned, and from which so
many good results are expected to follow. Nothing
but evil can ensue from the position of affairs which
is truly described here as an apparent antagonism
between duties and interests. Unless labourers are
housed within a reasonable distance of their works
it is impossible to gain all the advantages from their
service ; and the best ones will not submit to the
imposition of such a tax on their powers, and such
an innovation of their rights. It is perfectly true
what is here stated that when all the legislative
enactments that are possible have been passed, the
condition of the labourer, as regards his physical
and moral improvement, " must still mainly
depend upon his landlord and upon his em-
ployer." Mr. BRIGHT, and those of his party,
whose advanced intelligence has discovered that all
the upper classes conspire to cheat and defraud the
other ranks of society, will doubtless be surprised,
in perusing this speech, to find that Lord LEICESTER
has come forward to make known an injustice in
the existing law of rates, whereby a portion of
his property is exempted from bearing the burden.
" I see no reason," says the noble Earl, " why the
2,000 acres of wood which I hold in this county, re-
taining them, as I do, for the purposes of game or
amusement, all of which, if converted in pasture or
arable land,would be subject to rates, should not pay
their quota to the poor-rates." Certainly there does
appear to be no valid argument to show why such
an exemption should be made, but such candour as
that of the noble Lord is not often met with, and
ought to be proportionately appreciated when it is.
Nothing is more difficult than to. equalise the
rates and taxes, so as to produce the greatest
amount of equality, and to obviate the chances of
hardship on the one hand and neglect of opportunity
on the other. This suggestion of the Earl of
LEICESTER is worthy of notice, and great credit is
due to him for making it. Great advantages would
ensue if more care were taken to inquire into the
working of things, and to make sure which
arrangement most conduced to meet the de-
sired ends. There is no foundation for the fear
which some have expressed that if any such pro-
posals were to be carried out, the destruction of
he wooded districts would follow. Such a con-

AUSTRIA•

VIENNA, OCT. 10.

Rear-Admiral Baron von Wullersdorff-Urbair,
in assuming his functions as Minister of Commerce,
addressed the staff of his Ministry in a speech lay-
ing particular stress on the necessity for unity of
action. The Minister further said :—" It is neces-
sary for Austria that all commerce should be free,
and that labour should receive a better remunera-
tion. All obstacles which oppose the free develop-
ment of material interests ought therefore to be
removed. The centre of our action does not lie in
our offices alone; we must seek it in the world

beyond."
The Oesterreichesche Zeitung says:—" The con-
clusion of the new loan may be regarded as an
accomplished fact."

POLAND.

WARSAW, OCT. 9.

The Commissioners of Justice at Warsaw have
received a communication from Herr von Trapow,
the Minister of Police, announcing that the state of
siege in the kingdom of Poland will be raised at the
opening of the new year.
The Commissioners are therefore instructed to
fix legal punishments for those offences which are
brought before the police tribunals for adjudication.

FRANCE AND ITALY.
PARIS, OCT. 10.

The Journal des De'bats of to-day says:--
" It is stated as certain that Count Walewski
is about to proceed to Florence on a political

mission."

.BOURSE, Oct. 9.—Two o'Clock.—The feeling of
the market is decidedly better, though no important
improvment has taken place in the different quota-
tions. The London market is also telegraphed as
much stronger, and Consols have recovered 4 per
cent. French Three per Cents. are doing at 67f.
70c.—a fractional advance. The Shares of the
Credit Mobilier, Credit Foncier, Comptoir d'Es-
compte, and the principal speculative values, are
steady, but without any material variation in prices.
In the Railway Share Market an advance has taken
place in several companies. Lyons have improved
5f., Northern 2f. 50c., Austrian 2f. 50c. Italian
Fives have advanced 12ic., having attained 65f.
Three o'Clock.—The Bank of France has raised the
rate of discount to 5 per cent. Prices have gene-
rally improved, the last quotations being as fol-
lows :

41 per Cents 95 75
Do. end month —

Ditto Threes —
Roman ii
Mexican Loan 471
Do. Bonds 315
Russian -
Austrian
Spanish Threes
Home Debt —
Deferred

3 per Cents. 67 65
Do. end month 67 72f
Credit Mobilier

Do. end month 835
Bank Shares 3595

Credit Foncier 1295
Italian Loan 64 80

Do. end month 65 15

summation would be in every respect deplored, and
all the country would lose one of itt most beautiful
peculiarities, which has been rendered famous
among foreign nations, and which is materially
prized at home. But as the noble Lord here puts
it plainly enough, " The love of sport, and the
desirable appreciation of ornament that exists in
all Englishmen's hearts, is such that, in my opinion,
there would be no danger of any material decrease
of the woodland districts of this country." All that
tends in any way to prevent injustice or inequality
should be put a stop to as much as possible ; and
although, as the noble earl stated, tlie difference
would not be considerable in the rate, still an
anomaly would be removed, and discontent among
the various classes rendered less likely to arise. In
many respects this speech of the noble lord's was
very serviceable to those whom he addressed, while
the frank and manly tone which he adopted greatly
redounded to his credit, and he has set an example
of straightforwardness and elevated notions which
cannot be too widely followed by all who speak at
public meetings.

Amt.
- ... 813 75
- ... 1085 -
- - ... 853 75
... 562 E.O

ELECTION EXPENSES.—In both North and South
Essex there were severe contests at the late general
election. The election auditors have now made up the
"little bills" of each candidate. In South Essex two Con-
servative members were returned—viz., Mr. H. J. Selwyn,
M.P., and Lord E. Cecil, M.P., while the unsuccessful can-
didate was Mr. It. B. Wingfield-Baker. Mr. Selwyn is
stated to have disbursed £2,594; Lord E. Cecil, £2,605,
and Mr. Baker, £6,373. Mr. Baker's committee-room ex-
penses amounted to £1,276, while his canvassing expenses
exceeded £1,300, and about £1,400 was paid for agents.
The same rather mysterious item cost Lord E. Cecil and
Mr. Selwyn about £740 each. All the expenses of Mr.
Selwyn and the noble lord were shared in common, with
the exception of personal expenses, to the extent of £ll.
The outlay on the Conservative side may thus be set down
at £5,197. In North Essex Mr. C. Du Cane, M.P.. ex-
pended £1,496 ; Sir T. Western, M.P., £3,946, and Major
Beresford, the unsuccessful Conservative candidate, £1,491.
Mr. Du Cane and Major Beresford made virtually a joint
purse, and appear to have expended between them £2,987.
Professional services and expenses cost Sir T. Western
£1,542, while Mr. Du Cane and Major Beresford expended
£5BO each in the same direction. Altogether these county
contests are admitted to have involved an expenditure of
£18,505.
MURDER BY A POLICEMAN.—At the Glasgow
Circuit Court on Friday a policeman named Robert
Sinclair was tried for assaulting a lad named John Broad-
foot and thrusting him into a canal, whereby he was deprived
of life. The principal evidence was given by James Wil-
son, an apprentice baker, who said—ln the end of August
last I was living with my aunts, Catherine and Eliza Wilson.
Sometime about the end of that month I had a quarrel
with them, and left them, and did not sleep in their house
for several nights. On the night of Thursday, 24th August
last, I went to sleep at Mr. Watson's char or coke kilns,
near the Forth and Clyde Canal, at the end of Bank-street,
Port Dundas. I went there at 10 o'clock on Thursday
night. Thre wore some boys—George Hunter, Angus
Campbell, and the deceased John Broadfoot—there when I
went. There wore some one-wheel barrows close by. I lay,
down to sleep on one of these barrows, the other three lying,
down together. We all went to sleep. Interrogated—What
was the first thing that wakened you? A policeman's baton.
(Laughter, instantly suppressed.) It struck me shard stroke
on the breast. I then got up on my feet, and stood for a mo-
ment. Campbell went east, and I made to follow him, but I
was turned by the policeman. I cannot say whether the
policeman who turned me was he who struck me. The other
lads would bo about two or three yards from me when I was
turned. Broadfoot, the deceased, was running before me,
and a policeman running after him. They were running in a
northerly direction towards the basin. I also saw Hunter
running away in that direction. Hunter was in advance of
Broadfoot, who was several yards behind. I followed after
the other policeman, and there was one behind me. I was
running and I heard the policeman in front of me cry,
" You —, I'll drown you," when he pushed Broad-
foot into the canal. That was the policeman who was fol-
lowing Hunter- and Broadfoot. I would bo from four to
six yards distant from Broadfoot when I saw this. The
policeman pushed him on the middle of the back with the
point of his baton. I saw Broadfoot tumble in, and heard
the splash. Hunter by this time had gone round the corner
of one of the kilns to the right. When I saw the constable
do this I got up on the top of one of the kilns and ran away.
After the constable pushed deceased into the canal I saw
him down on his knees on the bank of the basin. I cannot
say what he was doing. The water of the canal is about a
foot down from the bank. I afterwards found Campbell on
the top of a kiln. I told him about it, and he said ho had
hoard the splash too. I lay down and slept till morning.
The occurrence happened about two o'clock. In the morning
I told James M'Cluskey about it. He is a kilusman. He
came at four o'clock, and searched the basin till the break-
fast hour, but without finding any body. This was on the
Friday morning. On Saturday, M'Cluskoy, Hunter, and
other men, and myself, again searched the canal, but with-
out success. The search was renewed on Sunday. On
Sabbath afternoon I told Thomas Boomer, a constable,
what had happened. lie took Hunter, Campbell, and
myself down to the Northern Police-office. We told there
what had happened. On Monday morning I pointed out
the place to Inspector Smith, and, on the canal being
dragged, the body of Broadfoot was found. I was taken
back to the police office and locked up. I saw Broadfoot's
body in the police-office on the Monday afternoon, and
identified it in the presence of the doctors. George Hun-
ter, one of the boys who had slept at the kilns on the
night in question, corroborated the evidence of the previ-
ous witness. After a long trial Sinclair was found guilty
of culpable homicide, and sentenced to ten years' penal
servitude.

LATEST INTELLIGiiNOE the party shall be duly convicted; and be it further
ordained that the constitution be amended by strik-
(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) ing out all provisions in relation to slaves and
slavery; and be it further ordained that it shall be
the duty of the Legislature, at its next session, to
pass such laws as will protect the freedmen of this
State in the full enjoyment of all their rights of per-
son and property, and guard the State against any
evils that may arise from their sudden emancipa-
tion." The ordinance was passed by a vote of 89

against 3.
At the South Carolina State Convention, after
adopting certain changes in the constitution rela-
tive to State and local elections, the delegates re-
pealed the secession ordinance by a vote of 105
against 3. Resolutions were introduced endorsing
President Johnson's policy, declaring slavery to be
perpetually abolished in the State, granting negroes
the right to testify in court, and earnestly pleading
for the immediate pardon of Jefferson Davis, Alex-
ander H. Stephens, Governor Magrath, and ex-
Secretary Trenholm. A committee was appointed
to proceed to Washington to secure these pardons.
Some public journals attach much significance to
the President's response to the address of the new
Brazilian Minister, Azambuja, who was formally
received in Washington on the 23d inst. After
some complimentary allusions to Brazil, Mr. John-

son said :
"I regret that in times past no closer relations were al-
lowed to exist between Brazil and the United States ;
holding similar positions on the two parts of the American
continent, they ought not merely to be good neighbours,
but should be intimately associated together in political as
well as commercial intercourse. It is my strong desire to
contribute to that association. Our policy is one which is
simple and easily understood. We wish to promote the pro-
gress of civilisation in this hemisphere, and for that pur-
pose the development of material resources, the improve-
ment of commerce, and the introduction, as fast as pos-
sible, of free, intelligent labour into the -virgin fields of
the continent. Instead of weakening the American States
in our vicinity, we wish to impart strength to them by
reposing in them a generous confidence rather than by
indulging jealousies of their prosperity, or a querulous
disposition as to the manner in which their Govern-
ments are administered. Above all, we wish to im-
press them with the conviction that all the nations of
America, if' they would continue to exist, must aspire to
absolute self-sustaining independence, and to a perfect
political equality with the other nations of the earth. If
Brazil will agree with us in this policy, we shall hereafter
be not only close friends, but practically firm and fast
allies."

Colonel S. A. Thomas, assistant-commissioner
of the Freedman's Bureau of Mississippi, has fur-
nished recently a lengthy report. The colonel
states that no property has been libelled for confis-
cation in Mississippi, and that the bureau has
made no attempt to distribute land in small lots
to the freedmen. Citizens having been pardoned,
were returning to the State and claiming their
property, and any attempt to distribute confis-
cated lands among the negroes could only be suc-
sessful through strong military assistance, as even
naval men were opposed to such distribution, as
were the national military forces. The Missis-
sippi Bureau was supporting only about 4,500
negroes, and was issuing rations to some 2,500
white persons. The report states that the organiza-
tion of the State militia, under the recent order of
Governor Sharkey, approved by the President, was
creating a great panic among the freedmen. Colonel
Thomas says that he believes the negroes will make
armed opposition to the execution of the militia en-
rolment, they being highly excited and partially
armed. He also predicts trouble between the white
and negro populations in case the Federal troops
are withdrawn. The planters were, however, get-
ting along very quietly with their former slaves,
who were working in great numbers for themunder
contract.

SEPT. 28.
The Washington correspondent of the New York
Herald says :
" There is a growing probability that the balance of the
Ten-Forty Loan, which amounts to $27,000,000, will be
called for."

General Howell Cobb.hasbeen arrested on charges
evolving him in the Andersonville atrocities.
The New York papers publish the following :
_

"Fort Laraime, Sept. 2G.

"Information was received to-day from General Con-
ner's eighth column, under Colonel Cole, to the 21st inst.
It has been encamped near Fort Connor since the 20th.
Ile has lost 600 horses and 200 mules, which were frozen
to death in one night on the Ist September. He was
attacked by a war party of Sioux Cherokees and Wapahoes
on Powder River. They were repulsed with heavy loss.
Our loss was four killed and two wounded. The Indians
appeared in force and were driven 10 miles. The next
day the engagement was renewed, and lasted until noon.
The Indians were again defeated with great slaughter,
their loss being from 200 to 600 killed and wounded. The
Indians fled in every direction. Our troops were unable
to pursue on account of the poor condition of our stock.
Our loss was one killed, and one officer and two men
wounded. The Indians lost a large number of horses.
The Indians again attacked our troops on the Bth, and
after a short and spirited engagement they were totally
routed and beautifully cleaned out. Their force was
estimated at three thousand. They lost many of their
principal chiefs. Our total loss reported in the three en-
gagements was seven killed, and one officer and two men
wounded. Another battle was expected on Powder River,
but the Indians suddenly disappeared. Colonel Cole will
camp at Fort Connor until information is received from
General Conner."
The following despatch has been received from
Newbern, South Carolina, dated 23d inst. :
" The Southern Advocate of the 18th inst. says:---‘ The
following extract, which has just been published, is from
the late President Lincoln's letter to General Wandsworth,
who fell in the battle of the Wilderness. The letter, which
is of a private character, is to be sent to General Wands-
worth's family. It shows that Mr. Lincoln, who desired
the bestowal of the elective franchise upon the blacks, was
also at an early day in favour of granting universal
amnesty, which, for some strange and unaccountable
reason, is still withheld from the South, notwithstanding
it is known that it was his intention to grant, without any
exception, a general pardon. His wishes in this particular
the American people cannot afford to disregard. Congress
will no doubt exact the right of suffrage for the blacks.
Why universal amnesty should be withheld until that
time we are unable to see. This was certainly not Mr.
Lincoln's plan, whose intentions all parties should sac-
redly observe.' •
" The following is the extract referred to, in which Mr.
Lincoln says :—' You desire to know, in the event of our
complete success in the field, the same being followed by
a loyal and cheerful submission on the part of the
South, if universal amnesty should not be accomplished
with universal suffrage. Now, since you know my
private inclinations as to what terms should be granted
to the South in the contingency mentioned, I will here add
that if our success should thus be realised, followed by
such desired results, I cannot see if universal amnesty is
granted, how under the circumstances I can avoid
exacting in return universal suffrage, or at least suf-
frage on the basis of intelligence and military service.
How to better the condition of the coloured race has long
been a study which has attracted my serious and careful
attention ; hence I think I am clear and decided as to what
course I shall pursue in the premises, regarding it as a re-
ligious duty, as the nation's guardian of these people, who
have so heroically vindicated their manhood in the battle-
field, where, in assisting to save the life of the Republic,
they have demonstrated in blood their right to the ballot,
which is but the humane protection of the flag they have
so fearlessly defended.' "

MEXICO.
Despatches from Acapulco, of the 17th, via San
Francisco, report that 500 soldiers from French
ships in the harbour had taken possession of the
town, which had been previously evacuated by
Alvarez's Republican forces, which numbered 1,500
men, badly equipped and short of ammunition.

-
EXPECTED ROYAL VISITS TO LIVERPOOL AND
MANCHESTER.—It is probable, says the Manchester
Courier, that tho disappointment experienced by the people
of Liverpool last year with regard to an expected visit of
their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales
will bo made up this year in the most agreeable manner.
It will be remembered that last year all the arrangements
for a royal visit to Knowsley had been concluded, when
unfortunately, the illness of Lord Derby supervened, and
the noble earl was unable to receive his distinguished
guests. His lordship is just now recovering from a more
recent and severe attack of gout, and it has been intimated
that the Prince and Princess of Wales intend to fulfil their
promise of honouringKnowsley with a visit on their return
from Abergeldio Castle, towards the end of the present
month. Nothing definite has yet been settled, but it is ex-
pected that the royal party will reach Knowsley on Tues-
day, the 31st. During their stay at Knowsley a morning
visit may be paid to Liverpool, and probably Thursday,
the 2d, or Friday, the 3d November, may be chosen for
this visit, as the municipal elections occur on the Ist of the
month.
CRYSTAL PALACE.—The number of visitors at the
Crystal Palaco yesterday was as follows :—Admissions on
payment, 4,026; by Season tickets, 772—total visitors,
4,708. •