The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-22 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA

The following additional despatches are published
in the New York journals :

" Washington, August 8.
The Richmond Dispatch of Monday, the 4th,
says :

" A day of retribution is at hand for the outrages
which have so long characterised the conduct of the
enemy in their prosecution of the war."
"Adjutant and Inspector-General's Office,
Richmond, Aug. 1.
" GENERAL ORDERS, No. 54.

" 1. The following orders are published for the
,nformation and observance of all concerned :

" 2. Whereas by a General Order, dated July 22,
"", ivouod Ix 3. iho goominrY of War of the United
States, under the orders of the United States,
the military commanders of that government
within the states of Virginia, South Carolina,
Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas,
and Arkansas, are directed to seize and use any
property, real or personal, belonging to the inhabi-
tants of this Confederacy, which may be necessary
or convenient for their several commands, and no
provision is made for any compensation to the
owners of private property thus seized and appro-
priated by the military commanders of the enemy.
" 3. And whereas by a General Order, No. 11,
issued on the 23d of July, 1862, by Major General
Pope, commanding the forces of the enemy in
Northern Virginia, it is ordered that all commanders
of any army corps, divisions, brigades, and detached
commands, will proceed immediately to arrest all
disloyal male citizens within their limits, or within
their reach in the rear of their respective commands.
Such as are willing to take the oath of allegiance to
the United States, and will furnish sufficient security
for its observance, shall be permitted to remain at
their homes and pursue in good faith their accus-
tomed avocations. Those who refuse shall be con-
ducted south beyond the extreme pickets of this
army, and be notified that if found again anywhere
within our lines, or at any point in the rear, they
will be considered as spies and subjected to the
extreme rigour of military law. If any per-
son, having taken the oath as above specified, be
found to have violated it, he shall be shot, and his
property seized and applied to the public use ;
"4. And whereas, by an order issued on the 13th
July, 1862, by Brigadier General A. Steinwehr,
Major William Steadman, a cavalry officer of his
brigade, has been ordered to arrest five of the most
prominent citizens of Page county, Va., to be held
as hostages, and to suffer death in the event of any
of the soldiers of the said Steinwehr being shot by
bushwackers ; by which term is meant the citizens
of the Confederacy who have taken up arms to de-
fend their houses and families ;
" 5. And whereas it results from the above order
that some of the military authorities of the
States, not content with the unjust and
crueltyaggress againstive
warfare hitherto waged with savage United
an unoffending people, and
"mperated by the
failure of their efforts to subjugate them, have now
determined to violate all the rules and usages of
war, and to convert the hostilities hitherto waged
against armed forces with a campaign of robbery
.
and murder against unarmedcitizens and peaceful
this government, bound by
tillers of the soil;
"6. And whereas,
the highest obligations of duty to its citizens, is
thus driven
th e r
etr necessityibu t
io of adopting such
n and retaliation as
t jest
ie
aseun t()
of
res
shall seem adequate to repress and punish these
barbarities ; and whereas the orders above recited
have only been published and made known to this
government since the signature of a cartel for the
exchange of prisoners of war, which cartel, in so
far as it provides for an exchange of
hereafter captured, would never have been
signed or agreed to by this government if the in-
tention to change the war into a system of indis-
criminate murder and robbery had been made known
to it ; and whereas, a just regard to humanity for-
bids that the repression of crime which this govern-
ment is thus compelled to enforce should be unne-
cessarily extended to retaliation on the enlisted men
in the army of the United States, who may be the
unwilling instruments of the savage cruelty of their
commanders, so long as there is hope that the ex-
cesses of the enemy may be checked or prevented by
retribution on the commissioned officers, who have
the power to avoid guilty action. by refusing ser-
vice under a government which seeks their aid in
the perpetration of such infamous barbarities--
"7. Therefore, it is ordered that Major-General
Pope, Brigadier-General Steinwehr, and all com-
missioned officers serving under their respective
commands, be, and they are, hereby expreolY and
specially declared to be not entitled to be considered
as soldiers, and therefore not entitled to the b refit
of the cartel for the parole of future prisoners of war.
" Ordered, further, that in the event
enel
Steinwehr, of the cap-
tureranteinwehr, or of any
of Major-General Pope or Brigadier-G
commissioned officer serving

under them, the captive solaken eltith bej Meldqn
close confinement so-- leas as the-orders aforesaid
shall continue in force, :and unrepealed by the com-
petent military authority', Of the United States ;
and that in the event of the murder of any unarmed
citizen or inhabitant of this Confederacy, by virtue
or under pretext of one of the orders hereinbefore
recited, whetuct with or without trial, whether
under pretence of such a citizen being a spy, or
hostage, or any other pretence, it shall the duty of
the commanding general of the forces of this Core-
federacy to cause immediately to be hung, out of the
commissioned officers, prisoners as aforesaid, a num-
ber equal to the number of our own citizens thus
murdered by
the enemy.—Be order.
(Signed) "S. Coorm, A &G."
The following is the letter 01:44f. Davis to Gen.
Lee, instructing him io cormihicate the facts in
the above order to the CommatWi4n-Cnief of the
United States :-
'° lticlimonu, Va , July 31, 1862.
‘,
Sir,—Oz, the 23d or this mouth a cartel for a
ti!ectusevreaeln 11,"eh
1,;joli:gG: of
nera prisoners
lJ).li.ilielfl,witairbess::agifiegdtntche
Confederate States, and ,m,.,jor_General J. A. 13;iL
in behalf of the United States. By the terms of
that cartel it is stipulated that all prisoners of war
ehxercehaafnged
ter ta. k esn
cas
rhcaelllyb
he discharged
rteolube ie3anrosliegntedill
when the military authorities of the United States
commenced a practice of changing the oharacter of
the war from such as becomes civilised nations into
a campaign of indiscriminate robbery and murder.
The general order issued by the Secretary of War
of the United States in the city of Washington,
on the very day that the cartel was signed in Vir-
ginia, directs military commanders of the United
States to take the private property of our people
for the convenience and use of their armies, with-
out compensation.
"The general order issued by Major-general
Pope on July 23, the 'Olaf-ter the signing of the
cartel, directs the murder of our peaceful inhabi-
tants as spies if found quietly tilling the farms in
his rear, even outside of his lines; and one of his
brigadier-generals, Steinwehr, has seized upon
innocent and peaceful inhabitants to be held as
hostages, to the end that they may be murdered in
cold blood if any of his soldiers are killed by some
unknown persons whom he designates as " Bush-
whackers." Under this state a facts this govern-
ment has issued the inclosed general order, recog-
nising General Pope and his commanding
officers
to be in the position which they have chosen for
themselves—that of robbers and murderea, and
not that of public enemies, entitled if captured to
be considered as prisoners of war. We find our-.
selves driven by our enemies by steady progress to-
ward a practice which we abhor, and which we arc
vainly struggling to avoid. Some of the military
authorities of the United States seem to suppose
that better success will attend a savage war, in
which no quarter is to be given, and no age or sex
to be spared, than has hitherto been secured by such
hostilities as are alone recognised to be lawful by
civilised men in modern times.
" For the present we renounce our right of re-
taliation on the innocent, and shall continue to
treat the private enlisted soldiers of General Pope's
army as prisoners of war ; but if after notice to the
Government at Washington of our continuing re-
pressive measures to the punishment only of com-
missioned officers, who are willing participants in
these crimes, the savage practices are continued, we
shall reluctantly be forced to the last resort of ace
cepting the war on the terms chosen byour foss, until
the outraged voice of a common humanity forces
a respect for the recognised rules of war. While
these facts would justify our refusal to exercise the
generous cartel by which we have consented to
liberate an excess of thousands of prisoners held by
us beyond the number held by the enemy, a sacred
regard to plighted faith, shrinking from the mere
semblance of breaking a promise, prevents our re-
sort to this extremity.
"Nor do we desire to extend to any other forces
of the enemy the punishment meted above by Gene-
ral Pope and such commissioned officers as chose to
participate in his infamous orders.
" You are therefore instructed to cmmunicate
to the commander-in-chief of the armies of the
United States the contents of this letter and a copy
of the enclosed general order, to the end that.he
may be notified of our intention not to consider any
officers hereafter captured from General Pope's
army as prisoners of war.

Very respectfully yours, &c.,
"JEFF. DAVIS,
" General R. E. Lee, commanding, &c.
The Dispatch says :—" A gentleman direct from
the neighbourhood informs the Petersburgh Express,
that the Yankee Vandals are roaming over the
counties of Nasemond and Isle of Wight stealing
negroes, bacon, and horses, and arresting every
citizen whose loyalty to the Confederate States is
known. The loss to the Confederate States in bacon
and lard in that section will be immense.
Several Yankee officers have escaped, one of them
named Marston, a lieutenant in a New York regi-
ment. Others have escaped, namely Lieat.-Colonel
W. B. Hatch, Captain S. M. Oakly, Lieutenant
W. B. Masters, Lieutenant Wtn. Biddle, and T. A.
Murphy.

THE MURDER OF GENERAL M'COOK.
NASHVILLE, THURSDAY, August 7, 1862.
The city is in a perfect uproar of excitement over
the details of the death of the brave General
M'Cook, of Ohio. His remains arrived in town
to-night, and are now, lying at the Commercial
Hotel.
On Tuesday last General Roberta Mu
ambulance
o M'Cook, who
was at the time very sick, was
near Salem, Alabama, on his way to his brigade.
The ambulance was travelling over the usual
tary road, and, about ten o'clock in the morning, it
eAsifctekr
ee
nfreersahli.n
Igntthe el
Imi
gseenl selves
otfhheiys
wp ahsesreed.
arrived at a plantation where there was abundance
d condition was quickly spread, it is sup-
:o b
onf water.utshouts
witht fhanoerth
beforedriver the ambulancediscovered
that h
he
de
w proceeded
pursued
rilmiles, the
guerillas.
It was impossible to think of flight, and General.
M'Cook's condition prohibited any idea of rescuing
him. The rebel leader ordered the ambulance to
stop, the assassins at the time surrounding it. The
vehicle was then upset and the sick officer turned
into the road. While on his knees, helpless, sick,
and pleading for quarter, he was fired at by a
ruffian and shot through the side. The wound was
fatal—General M'Cook surviving it but a few hours.
He bore his sufferings heroically, and to the last
manifested an undaunted spirit. His last words
were :—Tell Aleck (alluding to his brother, Gene-
ral Alexander M,Dowel M'Cook) and the rest that
I have tried to live like a man and do my duty.
When the news of the murder became known among
the camps, the excitement was intense. The 9th
Ohio, M'Cook'S own regiment, on learning of the
assassination, marched back to the scene of the
occurrence, burned every house in the
al
and laid waste the lands. Several men who
were implicated in the murder, were taken out and
hung to trees by the infuriated soldiery.
The guerilla feeling throughout the state is in-
creasing rapidly, and
svbandsflhreoefdttrhianeintsoel
arotb came
abieffrdw
esroeanrnet
forming in every hamlet. T
in from Battle Creek a
points. Fortunately, no damage was done to the
pthroenipt matter.and
persons of any of the passengers. The train for
Columbia to-day
was fired into by guerilla parties
xt
at various points on the road, and one man was
wounded. lmmediately,in
killed and 13
aetionshould be
taken
Companiesdeisiv
ew rit are
hforming p
ahteerne, to
them
assiste
e iin e thee n et
:east!) eingguienritihlase
city,near andthe theof eity*
dipstuinte.
As i
streets are alive with
the populace. Amazement and revenge are pic-
tured on every countenance. The death of General
M'Cook will be re
membered here, and a terrible
retribution will fall
upon the barbarous assassins of
this brave and
and other gallant leader. Governor Johnson
prominent Union men have called to
view the remains. The governor was visibly
affected by the si •
ght of the corpse of his late friend.
It is rumoured that a number of prominent seces-
siouiEts in the city have been shot to-night by
exasperated Unionans.

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THE SUN.

LONDON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 22, 1862.

The appointment of a Prefect of Catania by
GARIBALDI is far more of a revolutionary act than
the raising of his standard, than the summoning
together of a band of armed followers, than the re-
jection of the Royal Proclamation. NICOTERA is
this new GARIBALDIAN Prefect of Catania. And
as such, as an official publicly appointed by the
Genera], not by the KING or by the KIN G'S Govern-
ment—NlCOTEßA'S name is nothing less than the
oriflamme of Civil War. There is a conscious-
ness that it is so upon both sides. The scabbard is
flung away—on the one hand by the Hero, and on
the other by the Commissioner Extraordinary now
pitted against him. It is General C_UGIA, of course,
who is this Extraordinary Commissioner. His
appointment, as such, is announced in the Turin
Gazette of yesterday. And, together with this
announcement, there appears in the Gazette a for-
mal proclamation that Sicily is in a state of siege.
Simultaneously the Italian Chambers are pro-
rogued. A matter obviously of conve-
nience, almost of necessity under the circum-
stances. And while these preparations for
a deplorable crisis are being made in the Northern
capital of the new Italian kingdom—incidents no
less significant of a rapidly on-coming " tug of war"
are related as occurring on the side of—shall we
say the insurgents P GARIBALDI enters Catania.
And it is singular to remark how he enters it.
The Royal troops fall back as he advances. The
Hero passes into Catania without any difficulty.—
without encountering the smallest obstruction.
He is received by the inhabitants with enthusiasm.
His welcome there is nothing short of an ovation—
and an ovation perfectly spontaneous and impro-
vised. Barricades are thrown up in the streets ra-
pidly—from a consciousness that the Royal Troops
are hard by : with a legend inscribed upon their
banners reading very much like Miching Malecho,
freely translated by HAMLET "meaning mischief."
The royal fleet, too, is known to be there, in those
southern waters, in the immediate vicinity ; ready
to co-operate with the royal army wherever and
whenever that co-operation may be required. Ac-
counts varied, however,tns to whether the fleet was,
at the time of our last advices, off Trapani, or off
Catania. There was no uncertainty at all, how-
ever, in Sicily as to the State of Siege having been
formally proclaimed there. It was announced in
Turin, as we have seen through the columns of the
official Gazette. It has been announced in Sicily, by
General CUGIA'S issue of a brief, but at the same time
a wholly unmistakeable proclamation. " Sicilians 1"
says this document, "iNotwithstanding the words
of the KING, the vote of the Parliament, and the
forbearance of the Government, in giving time to
the deluded people to return to their duty, the
armed bands of GARIBALDI continue to occupy an
important town." Bent at once upon that plain
speaking which calls a spade a spade, the General
continues—" The rebellion is thus open, and the
Government has resolved to put an end to this
state of things so compromising for the destinies of
Italy. Every armed band or tumultuous meeting,"
he therefore adds, " will be disolved by force." And,
as if these words were not sufficiently indicative of
the fixed determination of the Government to deal
vigorously with the formidable difficulty before
them, Gen. CUGIA closes his proclamation by saying
_it The liberty of the Press is suspended. The
commanders of the troops of the divisions of
Palermo, Messina, and Syracuse, will assume both
civil and military powers." Meanwhile it must
not be imagined, for an instant, that if the Go-
vernment are showing themselves to be thus
resolute in dealing with the Garibaldian movement,
GARIBALDI himself is evidencing anything like
a tendency even towards inertness. The game of
war upon which he has now, as we all of us think,
so rashly adventured, is seemingly kept up there
in Sicily almost without the necessity of any effort
on his own part. He has only to appear anywhere
in person to be received with acclamations. If,
according to the loyal dictum of SHAKSPERE,
"there's such divinity doth hedge a King that trea-
son scarce dares peep at him"—the same may be said
of the soi disant traitor when, as in GARIBALDI'S
instance, he himself happens also, in spite of his
treasonous designs, to be also a King of
Men born without the purple ! Talk as the
Italian Ministers at Turin may affect to do about
the devotion of all the army, officers and privates,
cavalry and, infantry, artillery and engineers, for the
cause of the Crown, as opposed to that of GARI-
BALDI (meaning, this last, the cause of the People)
—it would be idle, it would be the sheerest folly, to
blink the ft ct that in the ranks of the army, no
less, certainly, than among the masses of the popu-
lation there are crowds of Italians who would
Shrink with horror from raising a sword, from
4lting the muzzle of a rifle against General GARI-
BALDI'- That, to them, would be no less flagrantly
and heinously Treason—" leze majeste "—than lift-
ing a hostile hand against the KING himself !
Mad, GARIBALDI'S
present enterprise may be.
Deplorably advised it unquestionably is. Yet—
Woe will it be to those by whose hand GARIBALDI
may possibly fall during the contest ! Even while
reprobatingcs rhis present extravagant
point tof .view to be re-
gretted,ißA Eltiro by enterprise as
o n e
inevery
v the fatal
conceivable
the destruction of
LD
those now bent upon
SGAR
uppress-
Europe would view
se—with feelings only
to be ex-
ing that enterpri
pressed by words of
blow fall upon him from the side of the
execration. Should
new hope, new courage
army it would give
possibly a new opportunity—to the Republican be-
lievers in MAzziNi ! Should it fall upon the Hero
from the side of the French, it would take all
r to crush out
the resources of the Imperial power'
the passionate rising that would inevitably be wit-
nessed, there, from one end of Italy to the other . In
the latter contingency the war would, almost of a
necessity, widen : it would expand from an Italian
War into an European War. It is from our convic-
tion of the truth of all this, that we cannot but be
impressed with a sense of the momentous import of
the actual state of affairs in Sicily. GARIBALDI,
we may be absolutely certain, will not swerve from
the direct path upon which he has entered. His de-
termination he has already announced in his alter-

CRYSTAL PALACE.-TO-MORROW
(SATURDAY.) ONE SHILLING. Open from Nine
o'clock until Dark.

CRYSTAL P ALA CE.-TO-MORROW
(SATURDAY). Open at Nine.
Orchestral band at One.
Fountains and Military Bands at Three.
Great Organ Performance by Mr. BEST, half-past Throe.
Combined Military and Orchestral Bands in Great Or-
cheS:trii, quarter to Five.
ONE SUILLING.

oßys-TAL
BEER AND -TO-MORROW
MUSIC will bo performed by aB„ER'S EXHIBITION.
u9:ter to Five o'clock.
and Military
Bands at a Q
LEVY; Conductor, Air. MANNs. u•eir• Solo Cornet, Mr,

-------
lars of amuseize,---------_____
*** For full partieu tit Be e
lint page.
ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, Covß
Will Open on 3ionday, Aug:ustrwith p.,,,,--I'IeteG,ARDEN,
'l' HE LILY OF KILLARRNm 8 opera of
----
--- -

THEATRE-ROYAL,RURY-LANE. DRURY-14A11.
'lhie Evening, A KISS IN VIE DARK. At ter
the first part of the Arab Entertainment at halt-put
To
be followed by TIIE COLLEEN BAWN. 'l'o conclude
THE ARABS OF THE DESERT. A Troupe of the tilth.
Zoug-Zoug,

Commence at 7.

TH EATRE-ROYAL. HAYMARKET.
This Eeening, FISH OUT OF WATER. After which,
OUR ANIERICAN COUSIN.,
And THE CHRISTENING. • With CELOS Y'CALI.A.
Commence at 7.

NEW THEATRE -ROYAL, ADELPHI.
This Evening., THAT BLESSED BABY. With MEDEA.
Followed by THE PRETTY HORSEBREAKER. ,And
THE SHILLING DAcoY.
commence at 7.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
This Evening:, THE RENDEZVOUS. After which, at a
quarter to 8, KING HENRY VIII. With THE TWO
POLTS.

Commence at 7.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Titi4 Evening, PEEP O'DAY. Followed by KILLAR-
NEY. Conclude with THE COLLEEN BAWN SETTLED
AT LAST.

Commence at 7.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
This Evening, MAZEPPA. 13rillianl. „Scenes in the Circle.
Concluding, with a Comic Ballet.

Commence at 7.

MR. and MRS. CHARLES MATHEWS " AT
1 I ()ME," at Her Majesty's Concert Room, Haymarket, Tnis

Commence at 8.

WOODIN'S CABINET OF CURIOSITIES,
rol% graphic Ball, Binh William-street,Charing-cross.
Commence at 8.

ARG YLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street, 11.3'"
market.
"—en every evening for Promenade and Dancing.

TIALL.—EVERY CANTERBURY - 4 -LultY EVENING.—
Steckel, the great Trape,
~ and Selections from
n Trovatore. _u
" Don Sebastien " and . . nsworth, Eugene,
anal Duley, the great comic trio, ao..
Commence at 7.

THE OXFORD, 6, OXFORD-STREET, Evp..,
EVENlNG.—Verdi's ~Ii Corsaro," with full band—"''
chorus.—The comic performance of Miss Caroline Parkeand
Steckel on the Flying Trapeze—The Ethiopian odditlesam—
itninieY, Newcomb, &c.
Commence at 7.

native—Roma o Morte! "Rome or Death!" The
odds against him now almost seem to declare Death
inevitable—with what consequences we have here
intimated in that other alternative but just now
defined. One consideration, at anyrate, ought, be-
fore it be too late, to stay the hand of every Italian
soldier in the army now directed against GARI-
BALDI by the RATAZZI Government. That consi-
deration being simply, that the Italian soldier by
whose hand GARIBALDI might fall would be branded
for ever in History with an infamy far worse than
that of a fratricide. For in striking down that
Hero and Father of his country he would be guilty
of parricide.

Nothing is more remarkable in the great struggle
now going on in America than its calling forth no
Man of Mark. Hungary gave history her Kos-
SUTH, and latterly, as a Statesman, her DEAR;
Italy has produced her GARIBALDI and CATOUR ;
and our Indian Mutiny furnished its HAVELOCK
and its LAWRENCE, with others hardly inferior.
In North America a war has raged over a vast con-
tinent, and a million of men have been summoned
into the field, and yet not a single man has come
forth whom even Americans would think worthy
of a statue, or likely to be known to posterity ex-
cept e: Before the effect of the British con-
nection to act, it had produced in America
men
as
nhd
worthyaam both of En
FRANKLIN, WASHlNGTONgl,anHdAamnldizoofNh,erancdoloenvieesn.
JEFFERSON, are names that will not be forgotten.
But SEWARD, CHASE, M`CLELLAN, and even the
honest PRESIDENT, the leaders in a struggle infi-
nitely surpassing in magnitude that of the founders
of independence with the mother country, will be
remembered but as names. Such general yet pre-
tentious mediocrity on such a soul-stirring occa-
sion, is itself more remarkable than any of the
names themselves. It would seem, indeed, as if, in
American struggles, the side of independence car-
ried the ability with it. The incompetency of the
English Administration and generals in the war of
Independence, and the superior ability of the rebels
or patriots in America, is matter of historical noto-
riety. And even in this war, the side fighting for
independence seems to monopolise whatever there
is of higher ability. JEFFERSON DAVIS and his
General Commanding-in-Chief, LEE, and his Ame-
rican CROMWELL—the "psalm-singing General"—
STONEWALL JACKSON, are confessedly more likely
to obtain at least an historical baronetage than
any on the other side. And so, in regard to the
contest itself. While no one will deny that the
cause of the South was, originally, utterly inde-
fensible, yet it has been so ably managed, and the
issues have so changed, that it is not easy now
to withhold our sympathy. Even if a villain
escapes cleverly from penal servitude, we somehow
can hardly wish him to be caught again ; and
the success with which the Confederates have
defended themselves, under the greatest difficul-
ties, is doubtless the chief cause of that general
change of feeling towards the Sonth so remarkable
in this country.
The abundant details which followed the tele-
grams last night serve only to confirm the informa-
tion—this time unusually accurate—which they
brought. One correspondent only, so far as we
have observed, writes very hopefully, and professes
to believe that by the time the tropical weather has
ceased the North will be fit for action with over-
whelming forces. It may be so. But, if it be, what
means this universal fleeing from enlistment—the
immense number of steerage passengers from Ame-
rica to Ireland and Europe ?—the " sloping" of
Irishmen, also, for Canada ?—the evasion by every
possible means of liability to serve ? At present
there seems to be a universal stampede to get away
from the drafting, at least on the part of both
natives and aliens of Anglo-Saxon blood. The Ger-
mans, who have been used to the thing at home, seem
to be somewhat more contented, and attracted by
the promise of promotion by merit from the ranks ;
but, as the rule, everybody is wishing everybody
but himself to go to the war. We entirely justify
the feeling. It is a war in which the two great
dangers, the enemy and disease, are unusually ter-
rible. And then as to the object, surely all the
less passionate men must see it in a different light
to what;they once did. While it was thought that
Unionism in the South was a " delieate ARIEL,',
imprisoned by the hateful witch secession, the en-
thusiasm to liberate her was natural and honourable;
but now, when nothing can be clearer than that the
whole. South desires independence as one man, it
does seem little short of tyranny to wage with it a
Union war. It can only be a war of conquest and
subjugation. Let them go and welcome, if they all
wish it—must be the feeling of every dispassionate
Northern man—a feeling very adverse to enlist-
ment. He may talk as others talk, to seem patriotic,
but it is another thing to go to the war, when those
who are so lucky as not to be drawn are as averse

to going as he is.
Vie do not doubt our Government is acting with
all due discretion, but we must think that the time
has come when all the Governments of Europe
might at least take private and unofficial steps to
let the politicians of Washington know what they
really think. It may be a doubtful point what
would be the effect of European recognition of the
South—not military intervention ; but, our diplo-
matists well know that there is such a thing as
taking opportunities to communicate sentiments
which shall have no formal diplomatic weight.
Probably this is done to some extent ; but, looking
at the horrible fighting for which both sides seem
to be preparing themselves afresh, and the conse-
quent probable prolongation of " this unnecessary
and foolish war," as Mr. LINCOLN himself termed
it, for the sake of humanity and commerce, surely
the statesmen of Europe might adopt some friendly
yet decisive course of action, In two months it
will be too late.

tion, via the Archdeacons, but " from me as ordi-
nary." Neither the Home Secretary nor the Attor-
ney-General, however, would vouchsafe him any
satisfactory answer. The courts were open, the
judges were there, let the clergy and their Bishops
" i mpeod s
on
But, says the House of
Commons
of the recalcitrant clerks,
an
representativeeanot another" '
this will never do. "In the present discreditable
state of the Ecclesiastical Courts, it is, from the
serious expense and uncertainty of the law, almost
impossible) for an incumbent to resist an illegal
order of his Bishop ; and in the majority of cases
the are too poor to take the opinion of
counsel." 37 He applies, therefore, to two gentlemen
learned in ecclesiastical law, and lays the case before
them.

The case is, briefly this—the Bishop enjoins the
clergy to make two pauses, one in the Litany, the
other in the prayer for all conditions of men, during
which the congregation " are earnestly desired to
make their humble supplications to Almighty GOD,
who is the author of peace and lover of concord,
that he will promote peace among their brethren in
America, and inspire their hearts with Christian
unity and fellowship." And the opinion of Messrs.
A. J. STEPHENS and RICHARD JEBB are requested
in answer to the following questions :—" Ist.
Whether the Bishop of OXFORD has a legal right
to enjoin the clergy of his diocese to make the two
pauses specified in the above communication. 23.
Whether the clergy of the diocese of Oxford could
be punished by the laws ecclesiastical for disobey-
ing such injunction." As might have been antici-
pated, the answer of the gentlemen learned in the
law is in the negative on both these points. The
Bishop has no legal power to enjoin pauses on
his clergy, and his clergy could not be punished;
ecclesiastically, for disobeying his injunction.
At first sight it might seem a very small matter
to cavil at, when a clerk is_only told to take a few
minutes breath—and that, too, for so reasonable an
object as prayer for peace between two nations infu-
riated-in a bloody, fratricidal, and unreasonable war.
But, alas ! it is notorious that good objects and the
smallness of the departurefrom law are the common
pleas, by which abuses creep in—" To do a great
right, do a little wrong"—or as a higher authority
has it—" Let us do evil that good may coma."
Now the
.Bishop will surely admit that in his
judgment, to violate the Act of Uniformity is a
very " evil" thing. Yet it is clear that if each
Bishop ordered pauses at pleasure they might
render the Church service anything but uniform.
Again, if each Bishop ordered congregational
prayers during these pauses—" The Bishop of A.
might direct a pause to enable his congregations to
pray mentally for the success of the Northern
States, as the supposed champions of anti-slavery;
and the Bishop of B might direct a prayer to be
offered for the success of the Southern States as
needful for the supply of cotton to England. It
cannot be reasonably contended, if this diversity
prevailed, that there would be one uniform order or
form of prayer in accordance with the Act of Uni-
formity. The common prayer of the Church can-
not be made up of special diocesan intercessions
suggested by the ordinaries of the respective
dioceses, as expressive of their individual senti-
ments."

There is, indeed, no possible evasion of the fact
that the Act of Uniformity was avowedly designed
to prevent all diversity not only of creed but of
the mode and manner of worship. Sir JOHN
NICHOL, in strict harmony with the act says :
" The law directs that a clergyman is not to dimi-
nish in any respect, or to add to the prescribed
form of worship ; uniformity in this respect is one
of the leading and distinguished principles of the
Church of England ; nothing is left to the discre-
tion and fancy of the individual. If every minister
were to alter, omit, or add, according to his own
taste, this uniformity would soon be destroyed, and
though the alteration might begin with little
things, yet it would soon extend itself to more
important changes in the public worship of the
Established Church." If indeed, the Bishop of
OXFORD'S injunction were legal then "in the 40
dioceses of England and Ireland every possible diver-
sity might be introduced in case the several bishops
should think proper to direct similar pauses, but
with different objects, to be introduced in different
parts of the public services."

It seems, therefore, very clear that the clergy are
organs of the Act of Uniformity not of the Bishop ;
and that the Act, not the Bishop, must regulate their
stops. lie can keep them to the terms of the Act,
but he cannot introduce Quaker worship into what
was definitely fixed two hundred years ago. While
the Act lasts clergymen must stand and kneel, turn
to the East or to the congregation, speak and cease
to speak by the rules of CHARLES ll.'s Long Parlia-
ment ; there is literally no help for it. It is not
our business to argue whether all this ought to be
so or not, it is so. The Act passed at the instigation
of Bishop WILBERFORCE'S predecessors in 1662,
and passed to eject the celebrated two thousand,
will equally eject bishops who cannot abide by its
restraints. Methodists, Dissenters, Catholics we
believe, all the voluntary Churches, may pray as
they please—the Church of England, whatever the
orders of so great a man as the Bishop of OXFORD,
can only use the Parliamentary prayer. It cannot
even pause in the service to use a bishop's prayer,
although that prayer may be for " peace on earth."

HER MAJESTY'S DEPARTURE FOR THE CONTI-
NENT.—The Royal yacht Victoria and Albert is expected
to arrive off the Terrace pier, Gravesend, on Monday next,
for the purpose of embarking her Majesty and suite, for the
Continent. The arrangements for the embarkation will be
carried out under the direction of Commodore-Superinten-
dent Sir F. W. C. Nicolson, a flag-officer of the port, but
no preparation of a public nature will be made by the cor-
poration of Gravesend for the reception of her Majesty.
The Black Eagle, Admiralty steam yacht, having been
under extensive alterations and repairs during the past six
months, at this yard, will be out of the hands of the work-
men to-morrow, and she is ordered to proceed to Ostend on
Tuesday next with her Majesty's carriage and luggage.
FUNERAL OF MR. F. W. COLLARD.—An incident
of a very interesting nature took place yesterday at the
Kensall-green Cemetery, on the occasion of the interment
of the late Mr. Frederic Wakefiled Collard, the eldest son
of Mr. Collard, the eminent pianoforte manufacturer. The
whole of the emplob es in his father's establishment, num-
bering nearl3 500 persons, assembled at the cemetery to
follow his remains to their last resting-place, a mournful
but heart-soothing gratification to his sorrowing and be-
reaved parents and family.
THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.—The visitors
to the building yesterdby, up to 5 o'clock, were 57,991, of
which 5,141 were by season tickets, and 52,847 by shilling
payments The long-promised singing machine which
was expected in the Austrian Court has at last arrived at
the Exhibition, and will be placed for public performance
either in the course of i o-day or to-morrow. If it sings in
behalf of Lancashire, its receipts are likely to be double, or
even treble, the sums now daily raised for the same purpose
by the benevolent bullfinch in the Swiss Court.

MIND YOUR STOPS !—so the Bishop of OXFORD
bids all his archdeacons to instruct their clergy.
Some of the clergy, however, do not fancy the
Bishop's stops, and think they are not bound to
obey such an "injunction," though the Bishop, pro-
viding against the stops being thought archdia-
conal only, adds that it is to be communicated
" from him as ordinary." But, so reason with them-
selves some of these ungainly clerks, even the
Bishop cannot require us to violate the Act of
Uniformity. We should do so we fear at our peril,
should any one bring us before the dreadful Dr.
LUSIIINGTON ; moreover, are we not Englishmen,
although branded with the " indelible orders"—
and may we not kick, if we please, even at a
bishop, if, ultra vires, he bids us pick up a straw
from the ground. To your Prayer-books 0 "curates
and all congregations committed to their charge!"
With sue,h
c"01311- at part have we in the Son of WILBERFORCE,
wrsi tlietpahtwas,H such
House,
soef
Where
eager haste th
mantling where he bath no authority to com-
mand ?
wtemperh ioh i rebellion
stthtewohun dre began.
dyears a g
0I
ptsa
sfisresdt
course,sttooiwbaldrtltehe House of Commons.
e celebrated
ls Parliament Act
of
ff Uni-
formity.l6
52
eg,Luopnh—orlde r as
tohnes
greatt ra n t sA go: ,0 butfi
ts
p Mr. HENRY szym_
predecessor 'tin was their
yccneosstorrepoefaltihn
legality of the Episcopal injunc-
}lAmPDEN, and he twice catechised the servants of
which, by
the ettowx on the

THE ENGLISH SHOOTING SEASON.—From what
we can learn from game preservers there are likely to be
but low young partridges, for during the early part of the
breeding season many died from disease, and the late-laid
eggs were in several instances left unhatched, and barren
birds were more frequently seen than ever remembered in
any previous summer. There will be a fair show of phea-
sants and plenty of hares. It must be impossible for any
one to say what game is upon the lands while the crops are
standing, and as the harvest is late sportsmen will find it
necessary to defer the shooting for a week or a fortnight.
Bury Post. _ _

THE CABMEN'S GRIEVANCES.—A general meeting
of the cab drivers in the 'Westminster and Pimlico district
was held last night at the Cabmen's Club-room, Victoria-
street, 'Westminster, for the purpose of appointing four
delegates, to co-operate with the other districts in obtaining
a revision of the Hackney Carriage Act. The meeting,
which was very enthusiastic, did not separate until after
midnicht,

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 2Z, 1862