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iLIAILORS' ORPHAN GIRLS' SCHOOL and
)75 HOME, Hampstead. Offices, 77, CornhilL
PATRON—The QUEEN.
TRUSTEES.
Capt. the Hon. Francis Maude, The Rev. Canon rhampneys
R. N l I Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P.
TREASURERS.
R. C. L. Bevan, Esq. I Robert Hanbury, Esq.
This Institution is designed to supply a great national
want, viz., an asylum for the orphan daughters of sailors in
the Royal Navy and Merchants Service and of Marines.
It clothes, maintains, and educates them for domestic
service, and provides a home free of expense for former
inmates while out of situations, thus shielding them from the
temptations they might otherwise be exposed to.
The Committee earnestly APPEAL for CONTRIBU-
TIONS to meet the increasing applications through the
recent storms and loss of life at sea, andt o enable them
eventually to obtain premises more commensurate with the
necessities of this great maritime country, which loses 2,000
sailors annually by casualties alone, without including those
who may perish by war.
Subscriptions thankfully received by the bankers, Messrs
Barclay, Bevan, and Co., Lombard-street, and by the Secre-
tary. at the Offices, No. 77, Cornhilt.
R. SWEEPING, Hon. Sec.
CHARLES NA.SH, Sop.

Spain and Chili.

(REUTER'S EXPRESS.)
CIRCULAR OF SENOR CASTRO.
MADRID, Nov. 26.

Senor Castro, Minister for Foreign Affairs, has
addressed the following circular to the Spanish re-
presentative abroad upon the pending question be-
tween Spain and Chili :-
-- -v,hfikr blefonzo, Nov: 23;1865:
" The misunderstanding which arose last year be-
tween Spain and the RP,pablic of Peru, which for-
tunately did not proder,c.l,-a state of war between the
two countries, and may now be regarded as com-
pletely and satisfactorily terminated, gave occasion
for the Chilian Government, with which we had
always maintained cordial friendly relations, to ma-
nifest towards us a spirit of hostility and malevolence
which we were very far from expecting, since we had
given no cause whatever for the display of such a
feeling.

" In a short time our grievances were multiplied.
The Spanish flag was insulted and degraded by the
populace in presence and with the consent of the
armed force of Chili, who remained passive witness
of an act unworthy of a civilized nation. A periodi-
cal entitled El San Martin made a point of insulting
in an outrageous manner the Spanish nation, and
even the personification of its institutions. The
Government did nothing to prevent this, not even
protesting in Parliament or through their organs in
the press against such unworthy conduct, thus
establishing by their acquiescence or default of re-
proof a tacit approbation or complicity in these
scandalous events.

" Violating the laws of neutrality and oblivious
of the treaties uniting Chili with Spain, the Chilian
Government permitted the public enlistment of men
for the crew of the Peruvian war steamer Lersundi ;
animated by an avowedly hostile spirit they declared'
coal as contraband of war, with the sole object of
preventing the Spanish squadron getting supplies of
this material, thus causing risk and damage to our
vessels and heavy charge upon our Treasury. And
for greater proof of their hostile partiality, French
vessels acting against Mexican ports were permitted
to take in coal.

It would be long to enumerate and describe the
grievances so wantonly offered by Chili to a friendly
and allied nation, against whom it had no cause of
offence, and with whom it was united by a solemn
treaty of peace and amity.

" This conduct gave rise to a long series of dip-
lomatic negotiations between her Majesty's Minister
and the Chilian Cabinet, the correspondence com-
mencing on the 4th of May, 1864.
" The Chilian Government, however, made no
reply, cxcept by evasion and subterfuge, and some-
times by disdain, adding to the grievance the bitter-
ness of irony and contempt to the repeated commu-
nications of the Spanish Minister stating the series
of grievances received, the violation of treaties, and
what was due not only to old friendship and solemn
treaties, but to the rules of the simplest neutrality
between nations not at war. The Chilian Govern-
ment similarly treated the demands made in the most
moderate and courteous terms, the earnest desire ex-
pressed by us to avoid all motive for complaint and
coolness between the two nations; the solicitude, in
fine, of the Spanish Government to use every con-
ciliatory means that the friendly relations we desired
to maintain with the Chilian Republic should not be
disturbed.

" Notwithstanding this treatment the Queen's
Government did not lose their habitual self-posses-
sion, nor was their desire to effect a friendly ar-
rangement diminished. A proof of this is afforded
by the last note of our resident Minister in Chili,
dated the 13th May of the present year, wherein he
recapitulates our grievances against that Republic,
and which, with other important documents upon
this unfortunate question, will be published shortly.
To this note the Chilian Cabinet replied in thesame
evasive terms which had previously appeared unsatis-
factory both to the Spanish Government and their
representative at Santiago. Nevertheless, Senor
Tavira acknowledged hinself satisfied, and declared
that in his judgment the explanations given removed
the cause for a compisint that his Government
might have received.

But her Majesty's Ministers, I regret to say,
departed from his instructions ; he failed to act
up to them in every vay, for not only when ad-
dressing his note of tie 13th of May, but on re-
ceipt of the Chili= Minster's reply, dated 13th inst.,
and when declaring of the 20th that in his judg-
ment the case of comilaint was removed, he had
already received the instructions, dated the 25th of
March, forwarded to inn by the Queen's Govern-

ment for the strict regulation of the course he was
to pursue.
" In these instructions, dictated under the sad
impression of so many offences and so many evasions
to avoid reparation, the Government preserved the
moderation and calm that had guided them through-
out the long course of the negotiations. No humili-
ating satisfaction was demanded from Chili; no de-
mand for pecuniary idemnity was made, although
we had an indisputable right thereto, considering
the loss occasioned to us by a conduct at variance
with special treaties and the laws of neutrality. All
that was asked of Chili was reduced to what has
now been demanded of Admiral Pareja, namely:—
" 1. A salute of 21 guns to the Spanish flag on
the day that it can be returned by a ship of the
Spanish squadron.
" 2. An explicit declaration, constituting a satis-
faction for the offences offered to Spain.
"3. The faithful and exact fulfilment of the
Treaty of Peace.
" These were the sole conditions demanded from
that Republic as a satisfaction for so many and re-
peated insults, and after such long and fruitless
negotiation.
" As I have already pointed out to your Excel-
lency, the Spanish Minister, completely ignoring
these -instructions, acknowledged himself---satisfied
with the fresh evasions of that Government, and I
was therefore compelled to propose his recall to her
Majesty, and intrust the settlement of the difficulty
to Admiral Pareja.
"It is vainly argued by the Chilian Minister of
Foreign Affairs, in his note of the 22d of Septem-
ber, that, not being acquainted with the tenour of
the instructions of her Majesty's Minister, he was
bound to suppose that he acted in conformitythere-
with, and that furthermore the settlement of the
difficulties pending between the two countries was
a matter already terminated since the declaration
of Senor Tavira on the 20th of May that the expla-
nations given by the Chilian removed the cause of
complaint given to his Government.
" Considering that Senor Tairra said those expla-
nations removed in his judgment the cause for com-
plaint, an expression omitted by the Chilian Minister,
although of great importance in the present case ;
considering, also, that the acts of a diplomatic agent
are never definitive until they receive the approba-
tion or ratification of his Government, in the pre-
sent case it must be said that the Chilian Govern-
ment could not plead ignorance. They knew that
the Spanish Government must disappprove the con-
duct of their agent ; furthermore, the Chilian Cabinet
foresaw and feared this disapprobation, they sus-
pected that the conduct of the Spanish agent, of
whom they spontaneously and in advance consti-
tuted themselves zealous defenders, could not be
agreeable to the instructions received from his Go-
vernment.

" Your Excellency may see a proof of my state-

ment in the circular dated June 1, which the
Minister Covarrubias addressed on the Ist of June

to the representatives of Chili in Europe and Wash-

ington, acquainting them with the settlement made
by Senor Tavira, a copy of which, officially authen-
ticated by one of the principal Chilian representa-
. . _

tives, is in my possession:—
" 'We have the greatest interest,' says Senor Covarru-
bias, 'that the satisfactory proceeding of the diplomatic
agent (Senor Tavira) should be approved by his government.
This interest does not spring from the apprehension of fresh
complications with Spain, but solely from tho sentiments of
sincere friendship we entertain towards Senor Tavira and
Spain herself. It will be very expedient to second our views,
and I recommend your excellency to call upon the ambas-
sador of her Catholic Majesty at this court, in order to
state the opinion I have just expressed to your excellency
upon the termination of our differences with Spain, and re-
move any prejudice he may have founclagainst the conduct
of Senor _
" If the acts or thiilifaitirtt rgrwere to have the
authority of a final decision, according to the asser-

tion of the Chinon Minister ; if, in making this de-
claration of the 20th of May, Senor Covarrubias
believed that the Spanish Minister acted in accord-
ance with his instructions, what necessity was there
to recommend and negotiate in order to obtain the
approbation of her Majesty's Government, and what
prejudice could there be against a Spanish agent for
a foreign Government interested in that settlement
to undertake the task of removing them ? Can there
be a more evident proof than the words I have just
copied to show that the Chinon Government had
doubts upon the matter ? It may, perhaps, be said
that they felt certain that, SenorTairra having acted
in contravention of his instructions, it was not to be
expected that the Spanish Government would ap-
prove his conduct.
,4 And as if the recommendation above cited were
not enough, Senor Covarrubias adds :

" Thus we would request your Excellency to take a
similar step with the Minister for Foreign Affairs, who,e
judgment upon the matter will have great weight with the
Spanish Government. If this judgment harmonise with
ours, and be explicitly communicated to the Madrid Cabi-
net, our desires in this respect will be fulfilled.'

•
"It is quite unnecessary for me to make to your
Excellency the sad reflections inspired by these
words, bearing the signature of Senor Covarrubias,
Chilian Minister for Foreign Affairs. They can no
less produce in your Excellency's mind and the
minds of all who read them the painful conviction
that this Republic, knowing that the settlement
made with the Spanish Minister could not satisfy
the claims of our honour and dignity, employed all
the means which your Excellency has seen to obtain
a sanction which could not possibly be expected.
"The conduct of Senor Tavira being disapproved,
and that diplomatist recalled, and the Chilian Go-
vernment having manifested their determination of
giving no satisfaction, however moderate, to Spain,
for so many and repeated grievances, it became in-
cumbent upon her Majesty's Government to intrust
the settlement of the difficulty to the chief of the
naval forces in the Pacific, who was accordingly in-
vested with the necessary powers and the instruc-
tions published in the Gazette of this day.
" On arriving at Valparaiso, Admiral Pareja for-
warded to the Chili= Government a note, dated
the 17th Sept., briefly recapitulating the principal
grievances of Spain, asking for all reparation, satis-
factory explanations upon each of the points or mo-
tives of complaint, and that the Spanish flag should
be saluted with 21 guns, which would be imme-
diately returned by an equal number of guns in
honour of the Chilian flag by one of the vessels of
the squadron. It might seem impossible, were it
not the fact, that in four days Senor Covarrubias
replied, finally refusing to give any sort of satisfac-
tion, even of the moderate character asked by Ad-
miral Pareja. There could have been no humilia-
tion in giving a satisfactory explanation to a nation
that had in no way injured the Republic, and less
in saluting the Spanish flag when we were bound to
return the salute to the Chilian flag.
" No
pecuniary indemnity was demanded, ex-
cept in the case that the refusal of Chili should
necessitate the employment of force ; it was in that
unfortunate event that Admiral Pareja declared he
should consider himself bound to demand an in-
demnity for the damage suffered by the Spanish
squadron, an indemnity, said the Commander of the
naval forces in his note of the 17th Sept., ' which if
her Majesty's Government, yielding to a certain sen-
timent, do not now claim, except in the extreme
case of resorting to force, they nevertheless do not
disavow their right, which it is their duty to for-
mally place on record.'
" The Government of the Republic, who have
always declined any arrangement, now allege as the
motive for their refusal the fact that so just a de-
mand was presented by a considerable force, and a
period fixed for compliance with the same.
"This is nothing more than a mere pretext ; their
resolution was already taken; this was proved by
their past conduct, and such was declared by Senor
Covarrubias, upon the Secretary of Legation being
presented to him as her Majesty's Charge d'Affaires.
" "The Government of Chili,' he said to Senor
Tavira, in signing with you the compromise disap-
proved by Spain, has done everything which was
compatible with its dignity, but it cannot and will
be unable to do anything more.'
" In support of these words the Chilian Govern-
ment, after the 12th--that is to say, five days pre-

vioui to the arrival of Admiral Paieja—preiared to

defend the country, and sent infantry and artillery
to the port of Valparaiso before it was aware in what
terms the Spanish Admiral would couch the de-
mands of his Government. You will understand
now that no other course was open to the Chief of
our squadron and our Plenipotentiary than to act
in conformity with his instructions after having
failed with his note of Sept. 17.
" These sterile negotiations had lasted for 16
months, and had exhausted the discussion. The dig-
nity of Spain was trampled under foot, and all the
means employed up to that date had been ineffec-
tual. They had resulted only in an arrangement so
humiliating to us that the Chilian Government it-
self, doubting its acceptance, had appealed in its
support to the influence which regard and conside-
ration for allied and friendly Governments might
exercise upon her Majesty.
•' This was in vain. The Powers to which Chili
means
hdaefveen already
ecaodnyldsaniodt, buelevelyjust.
Ministry
, ,As olf
alluded took no steps in her favour, thinking, no
doubt, that a cause which had recourse to such
of the Re-
public replied to Admiral Pareja's note of the 17th
upon the 21st, and the attentive perusal of that answer
will prove to you its irrevocable resolution not to
give any kind of satisfaction to our just claims. It
stated that the full powers with which Admiral
Pareja was invested did not give him the diplomatic
character necessary for treating with the Republic.
It did not give the grounds upon which these con-
clusions were based, but in,order that this excuse
might:not be -considered t4hsivirmartnrur and -a'
means to gain time, Senor Covarrubias affirmed
that this circumstance relieved him from the neces-
sity of making any reply. He said previously that
' he desired to arrive as early as possible at a result
which would definitively clear up the situation'—
words which, under such important circumstances,
could have no other interpretation than the wish of
bringing about a complete rupture and war.
"Senor Covarrubias does not abandon his eva-
sive replies and ironical subtleties. The insults
offered by the mob to the Spanish flag at the house'
of the Legation cannot, he says, have offended the 1
Spanish Government. When such insults are

offered to the flag of a nation which respects itself:
no further relations are possible between the
offender and the offended party. Senor Tavira,
nevertheless, did continue his relations with Chili,
and did not for an instant abandon the territory of
the Republic. Her Majesty the Queen still con-
tinued to keep the President acquainted with the
events, both happy and unfortunate, which took
place in the royal family. This was an evident
proof that no offence had been given, for if there
had been it could not have been borne, and Chili
would not have received these marks of considera-
tion and esteem.

" Thus the patience, the moderation, the long suf-
fering of which Spain has given proofs in these 16
months' negotiations, by not having recourse to
extreme measures and breaking off her relations
with Chili, are the reasons put forward for refusing
us an honourable satisfaction, and for denying up to
the present time the existence of offence.
" The Chilian Government rejecting all arrange-
ment, Admiral Pareja replied upon the evening of
the 22d day of September that, in presence of
the refusal of the Republic to accede to his demands,
he should be compelled to break off diplomatic rela-
tions and to have recourse to force if he was not
satisfied by 6 o'clock on the morning of the 24th.
"In the evening of the 23d Senor Covarrubias
replied by persisting in his refusal, and announcing
that the slightest act of hostility against the republic
would bring about war between Chili and Spain.
As it would have been useless at that time to engage
in hostilities, Admiral Pareja contented himself with
proclaiming the blockade and the rupture of diplo-
matic relations—measures which might be consi-
dered as the commencement of hostilities, but for
which precedents are not wanting in Europe and
America tending to an altogether different conclu-
sion. It is certain, however, that.the congress and
the Chilian government replied to the blockade by
a declaration of war against Spain, and a series of
steps intended to give effect to that declaration.
" I should allude here to some observations of the
fereigiwess upon Admiral Pareja's refusal to accept
the mediation of the diplomatic body resident at
Valparaiso, Nothing could be more unjust than to
.111111:0 this aiOtte4..ati: 0..;.„-rzo
The enitlitie bly neat fri.' offered Admiral
Pareja an official mediation nor a semi-official in-
tervention. It contented itself, while lamenting the
rupture imminent between the twD countries, with
reminding the Spanish commander that, by the
terms of his full powers, it was incumbent upon him
to reopen the negotiations. This communication
was dated the 22d, a period at which Admiral Pareja
had already received the reply, dated the 21st, to his
note of the 17th—a reply in which the Chilian go-
vernment refused every kind of reparation. In pre-
sence of this definitive refusal and of the silence of
the diplomatic body upon the intentions of Chili,
the Spanish commander neither ought to nor could
have departed from his instructions, and have ex-
posed himself anew to be repulsed by a government
so intractable and so bent upon refusing all satis-
faction as that of Chili.

" This not the place to enter into an examination
of the line of conduct which, under these circum-
stances, the diplomatic body residing in Chili
thought it its duty to pursue ; but I cannot, for my
part, avoid feeling convinced that if, after the 12th
of September, when the disapproval of the arrange-
ment agreed to by Senor Tavira and the near arrival
of the Spanish squadron were known at Santiago,
or if, after the 17th, when Admiral Pareja for-
warded his note, up to the 21st, when the Chilian
Government replied in peremptory terms, refusing
every satisfactory explanation, the Diplomatic Body
had employed with the said Government all the
influence and prestige of its high position to cause
it to listen to the voice of reason and make it under-
stand the advisability of not pushing matters to the
extremity of a rupture, it is probable, or at least
possible, that the reply of September 21 would
neither have been so conclusive nor so hostile, and
that it would have left open the door for the realisa-
tion of the desire the foreign Diplomatic Body only
thought it its duty to manifest to the Commandant
of the squadron twenty-four hours after the resolu-
tion of the Chilian Government.
" I believe these explanations will conclusively
suffice to prove the moderation with which we have
proceeded in the course of these negotiatious, and
the incidents to which the conduct of Chili has
given given rise—conduct based upon ill-will or unjust
prejudices, the cause of which wo are unable to ex-
plain in the case of a nation with which we have
always endeavoured to maintain relations of the
sincerest and most cordial friendship.

These explanations will show YOU that, although
matters have come to the lamentable state in which
they now are, it has been contrry to the wish and
entirely in spite of the Government of the Queen.
The Cabinet of Madrid cannot be \ tccused of having
failed to use the most complete frankness. When,
after disapproving the conduct of Senor Tavira, .
conferred powers upon Admiral Pareja, it hastened
to bring the circumstance to the knowledge of the
Government to which your Excellexcy is accredited
in the circular I addressed to the agents of Spain
abroad upon the 7th of August, and which you read
to and left a copy of with the Minister for Foreign
Affairs. In that communication it was stated that
the instructions given to. Admiral Pareja enjoined
him to employ force against Chili if she refused to
give us fitting satisfaction. All the Governments
to which this conclusive statement was communi-
cated recognised not only our right, but also the
moderation of our demands. Now, unfortunately,
owing to the tenacious obstinacy of the Cabinet of
Santiago, that which we then explicitly announced
has been realised.

" We find ourselves consequently above every
charge of precipitation in our manner of proceeding ;
we are exempt from all accusation of want of frank-
ness and sincerity; and we are lastly free from all
responsibility as to the eventualities which may
arise from an enmity as unjust as it is inexplicable,
and from an incomprehensible obstinacy:which re-
fuses all agreement and conciliation.
" The Queen's Government now reproduces the
declarations made on the 7th of August ; Spain does
not aspire to insensate conquests nor territorial ac-
quisitions in America ; she does not desire to exer-
cise any exclusive or preponderaht influence among
the American republics tracing their origin from the
old Spanish monarchy; she respects their indepen-
dence and self-government, and only desires in ex-
change what she cannot renounce—which is, that
she may receive that respect and consideration mu-
tually due among civilised nations, and that she
may be treated with the same respect as is observed
towards other foreign nations.
As regards the Republic of Chili particularly,
we do not entertain against that State any sort of
hostile or unfavourable prejudice ; and as her Ma-
jesty's Government is resolved not to permit that
their dignity, causelessly and gratuitously affronted,
should remain without the just reparation to which
they are entitled, so are they ready, when that ob-
ject is attained, to renew their former friendly
relations and consign to oblivion the differences that
now separate the two nations.
4‘ Your Excellency is authorised to read this