The Sun.
London, England, 1853-12-08 00:00:00

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y‘l 17 V

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THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 8, 1858.

SHARN MARKETS--(THIS DAY).

.LITERATURE.

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•• • . - xd

LAMARTINE'S NEW HISTORY.

HaAlaginla'id‘ tlaiseidpeatthheetfiacsegoes
History of the Constituent Assembly (1789). Vol. I.
thofusthoef h
By Alphonse de Lamartine. Vizetelly and Co.
afforded its inspiration to Alphonse de Lamartine..
the Great Tribune has taken up once more the pen
admiistnoisryt'ra'
thoasr,
of the annalist. In his youth his hand trifled
with
the lyre of Erato—it has now, in his • riper age,
grasped the trumpet of Clio. It is a noble and
stately panorama—that career of Lama • rtme—a
spectacle appealing as it advances more and more
earnestly to our hearts and our imaginations.
Fol-
lowing it, we are attracted first to the voluptuous
beauties of an Italian landscape, where the strip-
ling diplomatist is lamenting over the grave of his
beloved—discovering in the utterance of his '
grief
the earliest articulations of his refined and elevated
genius in poetry. Subsequently we are conducted
by the trail of his foot-prints over the sterility and
desolation of that awful Palestine, the solemnity
and divinity of whose associations he, of all men,
has most touchingly defined, and most tenderly
appreciated. So afterwards, step by step, he leads
us on through every phase of his intellec-
tual advancement. He reveals to us his con-
summate ability as a lyrist in his " Harmonies
Poetiques et Religieuses," as afterwards in his
" Recueillements," or as previously in his " Me-
ditations." He sings at one time of the classic
death of Socrates, and at another of the simple,
village, domestic life of Jocelyn ; here of the fall
of an Angel and there of the captivity of L'Ouver-
ture. Meanwhile he enters the Legislative As-
sembly of France in the character of a popular re-
presentative, and there, while in his study he is
gathering fresh garlands of the bay-leaf, he wins
in the Tribune the laurel wreath of the orator,
and at last the civic-crown of the patriotic leader
of an insurgent population. It was in 1848 that
the life of this great man may be said to have
culminated. It was in February, and during
the three memorable months that followed, that
his ambition may be said to have attained its
apogee. It was then upon the steps of the Hotel
de Ville that his renown reached its zenith, and
that his noble attributes —poetry, valour, elo-
quence, self-possession—shone forth in the face
of the whole world, and in their full meri-
dian. Since that redoubtable epoch since the
sanguinary battle of the three days of June in the
streets of Paris, when Socialism was wounded (des-
perately, but only wounded, scotched, but not killed)
by the sword of Cavaignac the career of Lamar-
tine has been withdrawn from the public arena to the
Amenities of private life, where the instincts of his
genius have led him once more to the sedulous
cultivation of Literature. Besides the celebration
of the scenes and memories of his childhood, not
(happily) like Chateaubriand d'outre tombe, but
out of the warm fullness of his autumnal years—
besides the loving commemoration of homely scenes
and household events in the paternal dwelling near
Macon, records which constitute the charm of his
plaintive " Confidences"—besides his prose poem
of one of the people in the " Stone-Cutter of St.
Point," and his graceful commemoration of the
loves of a domestic servant in the history of the
fortunes of poor " Genevieve"—M. de Lamartine
has torn a leaf out of the book of his life in the
impassioned story of " Raphael," and another
(blurred and blistered with the tears of his youth)
in the sorrowful and distressing narrative of Gra-
ziella. Beyond all these effusions, ho has penned
others which, with the majority, will appear of con-
siderably larger importance, requiring for their
production, more laborious application, and cer-
tainly possessing on the whole more pretentious
characteristics.

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It will be remembered that immediately prior to
the outbreak of the Revolution of 1848, there ap-
peared that gorgeous and rhetorical " History of
the Girondins," which, immediately on its first
appearance in 1847, we designated (in these columns)
" the text-book of Republicanism," and which
from the first we have regarded as the precursor, if
not the provocative, of that astonishing movement
in the French multitude. It will not be forgotten,
moreover, that shortly after the consummation of
the rising in Paris in 1848—shortly after the ele-
vation to supreme power of the representative of
the imperial dynasty of Napoleon, and the downfall
• of the chiefs of the Provisional Government—there
appeared from the same facile and vigorous hand—
from the hand that had hurled back the red banner
of the anarchists in February—the hand that had
penned the tragedy of Toussaint, and the " Voyage
en Orient," and the "Meditations," and the "Har-
monies," and the " Recueillements," and the
" Confidences," and " Jocelyn," and " Raphael,"
and " Graziella," and " Genevieve"—the hand
that had carved out on the iron tablets of the Re-
volution the lives and deaths of the more heroic
Girondins, of Brissot, of Sillery, of Fauchet, of
Lasource, of Gensonne, of Vergniaud—threw a
chaplet of regrets (sweeter and more fragrant than
the flowers upon the grave of Nero) upon the tombs.
of the later Bourbons—in his voluminous history of
their temporary " Restoration." A more attrac-
tive (if possible), a more pathetic, a more enthrall-
ing theme than either of these—than the " His-
tory of the Girondins," or the " History of the
Restoration"—is that which M. de Lamartine has
undertaken to celebrate in the work of which we
now possess, in the remarkable volume before us,
the brilliant and propitious commencement. It is
a narrative long promised. The " History of the
Constituent Assembly," the history of the epoch
of 1789, the history of the outburst of the first and
greatest revolution, and that history written, too, by
Alphonse de Lamartine, the originator and champion
of the rising of 1848, the annalist of the Girondins,
the poet of Jocelyn, the romancist of Raphael, the
commemorator of the Restoration. Within the
compass of this initial volume are comprised no less
than five books—beginning with the beginning,
and carrying the records of events down to the
storm of the Bastile, its seizure and demolition.
Wherefore—the stately and awful scene of that
epoch of 1789 again opens before us at the bidding
of the poet-historian ! Again we watch the pro-
gress of the celebrated intrigue of the diamond.
necklace ! Again we hear the voices of the Depu-
ties taking the oath of the Jeu de Paume ! And
what figures pass once more before us as we observe
the unrolling of the Panorama ! Louis XVI.,
with his " sickly timidity and precocious corpulence."
Marie Antoinette, with her " striking beauty, her
active energy, and her noble character." Monsieur
the Count de Province (afterwards Louis XVI II.),
whose " mouth was delicate, whose features were
graceful, and whose eyes beamed with intelligence."
The Count d'Artoi,t (afterwards Charles X.), of
whom M. de Lamartine says so wittily,—" All his
policy consisted in a few chivalrous expressions,
uttered against a period which no longer compre-
hended thm, and a threatening wave o his sword
against future factions : it was the shadow of Fran-
cis 1., behind Louis XVI., in the face of Mirabeau."
Then, added to this unfortunate Queen and these
three brothers, all kings (two of them of the here-
after), comes that colossal phantom of Mirabeau
himself, the ugly God of the Chaos, the Boanerges
of the Revolution. And Necker, called by our
annalist " the sphynx of the throne !" And La-
fayette, called so happily by Mirabeau—" Grandi-
son-Cromwell l" And Cagliostro, the visionary I
And Camille Desmoulins, the demagogue ! What
names—what memories—what characters ! It is
‘ so
not surprising that with such materials in the hands
of such an artist, we discover masterpieceatheHistory
of
much symmetry and splendour in
the Constituent Assembly," by Alphonse de La-
martine.
Ha
ving examined this volume with an interest in
some degree proportioned to its attractiveness, and
having discovered in its pages no causet of any im-
portance for emotions of disappointment, we shall
lookmse
df obrowoaksrdinweiotlnitipneucauvliloanr curiosity for the pro-
operation of the bile
t—Treaty,otnhrentedainithetkos
,theN
Franceye translationsaoyf,
hEnglishe o reader
ga
dibeforenearl prior
urrhiksao
nkst
osaa ttc b 0
ooht
actually
ahpkue excel-
lentbonosre
International Copyright
rm
to the operation of the Intl.
no
tional Copyright Treaty ; but thanks aelloybyl the
small degree, to the enterprise
clisPtihaeYieene from
Messrs. Vizetelly and Company in gable ex-
their establishment of the more rell. e No
, &era, Ur •
maples of contemporary Fronts enterprise has
more striking testimony 01.1. timportant series of
hitherto been afforded
ttrractive volume here
translations than by the..a_ „bleb, when cora-
particularised—a
pleted, cannot fail to
enhance
of M. de Lamartine.
and comprehensive rep the already extended
produheantioc:

27 = 30

2i 3
15 - 16
5 - 7

... - ...
8 - 9

65 66
8 8 d
3 -- 3ad
49 50

A New Gazetteer of the Britislb Islands. By James
A. sharp• In 22 Parts, or 2 Volumes. Long-
research. appears to have been
tarYhis laborious and remarkable coin-
man and CoinPanY• _
of
itortermaa
deFLlch'
te
vtehrey scrap'eem
-
almlonst
'lation. It has the twofold merit of being at
po
filerce n i
has n ut and
accumulated comprehensive.
together
clrinon relating to the United Kingdom

possessing any value or interest whatsoever. Car-
ried as the work is now to a most successful com-
pletion, it may be declared without exaggeration to
constitute a topographical dictionary of " The Bri-
tish Islands" more authentic, more detailed, more
scrupulous in exactitude, and more microscopically
careful (so to speak) in its particularity than any-
thing of the kind that has hitherto been attempted.
Although it would be wholly impracticable to
afford those who have not examined the two
volumes for themselves anything like an accurate or
adequate conception of its merits, or even of its
general character—some glimmeringof an idea upon
the matter may be conveyed through the enumera-
tion of a few among the advantages herein sub-
mitted to the public for the guidance of the
intelligent classes of the population. It may be
observed, for example, in testimony of the magni-
tude of the undertaking that Mr. Sharp's new
British Gazetteer comprises, as the very title-page
intimates, concise descriptions of somewhere about
sixty thousand different places—cities, townships,
parishes, hamlets, tithings, villages, hundreds—in-
cluding Seats, and Objects of Note, and Natural
Features—all founded upon the best authorities. A
punctilious reference, it may be remarked, moreover,
is made under every name to the Sheet of the Ord-
nance Survey, so far at least as that survey has yet
been completed. Particulars are likewise introduced
of the boundaries, and registered electors of all the
different boroughs sending members to Parliament.
And a copious Appendix supplies the community,
besides a general view of the resources of the United
Kingdom, with an abstract of certain results of the
last (1851) census, together with a succinct and
admirably epitomised Chronology,
startling though these Suggestive and
peculiaritis ofte Topogra-
phical Dictionary before us cannot fail to be in the
estimation of the deserving, now that they have
y
been considered piecemeal such as they are here
simply catalogued—they are neverthelessaltothegether
insufficient to indicate the importance of
pilation, or its utility as a work of reference.
Scarcely any notion of these merits, indeed, could
well be conveyed without some facts being specified
by way of constituting an exemplar. Let us di-
rect attention, therefore, with this end in view to
a single paragraph in the Dictionary taken hap-
hazard—say, turning over the second volume, and
opening it for instance at page 959, under the ar-
ticle relating to the • " West Riding of Yorkshire."
Therein we learn exactly every minute particular
that could well have been collected together into
one concise explanation. The paragraph informs
us not merely that this inland division of Yorkshire
is the largest and most important of the three—but
it particularises the railways (such as the Lancaster
and Yorkshire and North Midland) and the canals
(such as the Leeds and Liverpool, Huddersfield,
Dearne, and Don) by which it is traversed. It
indicates the rivers (such as the Nidd, Wharfe,
Aire, Don, and Calder) by which it is watered.
It specifies to the utmost nicety its exact bounda-
ries. It tells us of its extreme length (92 in.)
from Bawtry to beyond Sedburgh. It men-
tions the extent (280 m.) of its circuit. It in-
forms us that it contains in square miles 2,576,
or in acres 1,648,640. It gives a minute
analysis of the population, distinguishing be-
tween the male and female, the old and young,
the manufacturing and agricultural, specifying the
relative proportions of servants, and labourers, and
professional men, and men of independence. It
states the number of houses (227,357), together
with those (21,191) which are either empty or
building. It calculates that it contains altogether
194 parishes, and 30 market towns; having, besides
a lord-lieutenant and custos, together with a high
sheriff--400 magistrates and about 150 deputy-lieu-
tenants. It estimates the extent of its real pro-
perty, the number of its offenders, and the average

proportions of its births, deaths, and marriages.
It defines its geological peculiarities—its animal,
vegetable, and mineral productions—the variety
and distribution of its manufactures. Having
enumerated these valuable and interesting particu-
lars—sprinkling them with the statistics already
indicated—the compiler, thereupon, gives the re-
cord of the principal antiquities of this the largest
and most important of the divisions of Yorkshire—
nentioning in parenthesis here and there such anec-
dotal particulars as that at Knaresborough, be-
sides the spa and the dropping wells, there are the
hermitage (where Mother Shipton was born), and
the caves (where Eugene Aram murdered Clark)—
or again, where lie mentions the river Wharfe, that
it contains salmon; or where he speaks of Newhall,
that it once upon a time belonged to the poet Fair-
fax ; or where he names Kirklees, that Robin Hood
is buried there ; or where he informs us that Henry
I. was born at Selby, Guy Fawkes at Bishopthorpe,
Archbishop Bramhall at Pomfret, and Tillotson at
Halifax, he adds in regard to the latter place
(again in parenthesis), that there Daniel Defoe
penned his immortal Robinson Crusoe. Enough
has here surely been observed in regard to one
paragraph—enough, at least, to indicate that
the compilation is at once complete, exact,
microscopic, comprehensive, and interesting. Ex
uno disce omnes. As one among the additional
and supplementary attractions of the enterprise,
we have said that the Appendix comprises a succinct
and cleverly epitomised chronology. It will be
found on examination to be ingeniously arranged
in a tabular form—beginning with the landing of
Julius Caesar (55 n.c.) at Deal, and ending with
(A.D. 1851) the Great Exhibition of the Industry
of all Nations. Interspersed with what are consi-
dered vulgarly the more historical events, such as
the occasion of battles, or the accession of sove-
reigns, are the names of a multitude of illustrious
men, with the dates of their births and deaths—
from (A.D. 12-65) Seneca to (A.D. 1788-1850) Peel.
Altogether, the work which has now been happily
completed by the industrious application of its
compiler, Mr. James Sharp, commands, at the
hands impartial criticism—in return for so much
toil, and ardour, and laborious investigation—the
'need of deliberate approval, and the tribute of
sincere and unaffected admiration.

The Poetical Works of Robert Montgomery, M.A.
Oxon. Complete in One Volume. Chapman
and Hall.
The collected poetical writings of Robert Mont-
gomery—comprised in a single volume—will be
welcomed, we doubt not, with all eagerness by the
thousands among whom those writings have gained
for him a wide, and, in many instances, au affec-
tionately-regarded reputation. There are grouped
together in this edition, for the first time, the whole
of these varied, and some of them laborious, pro-
ductions. Anything like a strictly chronological
arrangement of the contents has been avoided, we
cannot but think, judiciously. Insomuch that imme-
dia,tely after the "Omnipresence of the Deity" cc
the "Christian Life"—the "Christian Life" beinlll-egs
the latest of theauthor's more elaborate productions,
whereas the " Omnipresence of the Deity" was
written before lie had attained the ripeage of
.
nineteen! Between those two effusions of hishear t
and head, extends an interval of nearly a quarter
of a century! Subsequently are introduced in • clue
succession, " Luther" (extensively corrected, and
in many places re-written and newly wl arranged)—
" Woman," without whom (shall we
say, " which!")
" le commencement de la vie est sans SCCOUTS, le mi-
lieu sans plaisir, et la fin sans con
..." solation"— Satan"
(viewed in no wayas he is viewed by Milton, Goethe,
and Byron, but "as reflecting
n himself, his destiny
and deeds")—"Oxford" (respectfullydedica,ted to the
" Chancellor, Masters Scholars of the Univer-
sity")—" The Messial:. and
Messiah" with a view "to
promote the spiritual elevation of character, which
constitutes the true enjoyment of a being whose
destiny survives the world")—followed by Minor
Poems," including
" Wellington," and "The Sha-
dows of Death," and " A Vision of Ileaven," and
" A Vision of Hell," and au "Universal
and the " Stage Coach," and ~ searborozgi
prayer,
a considerable number of the di-
d l'under
the head of " Miscellaneous." From
extra-
othr A.aenin,
versity, and, in several
cases, the
it is not
ordinary maanitude
of then surprised', the author
surprising (it has not erreArnold, in his twofold
himself) that Kerchevean.,titn
a critic, should say of
character as a scholar d
deliberately, that "few
him, recollectedlr
-.1 experienced extremes of criti-
writers had q Y,
feerriag to this reflection, Mr. Mon',;-
I cism." ne"-- a-himself with saying—" How far
,ry contents
tcorrect, others will decide ; but if
g0131(' wag coffee ,
or not thisd
sires to have one illustration of what
the reader
ent, he has only to compare the criti-
Arnold
meant,
which appear more than twenty
cisins
n, °gno from the pen of Professor Wilson in the
years ofago
Blackwood 's Magazine with reviews on the
pages
in its northern contemporary." Amanly
same works
d honourable evidence of equanimity. Added to
an
which our author, after observing with becoming
sententiousness, "One thing is undeniable, viz.,
to a vast extent the history of criticism abounds
with examples of condemnations reversed, and ap-
provals unconfirmed," remarks very beautifully
and touchingly, that "the proper effect of this fact
is, not to provoke sardonic triumph on the one
hand, or splenetic ill-humour on the other ; but 1
nc
modesty of mind, diffidence in pronou • inc, our
opinions, and that genial state of heart which
prompts us rather to encourage effort
than de-
press it—these are among the moral benefits which
the contrast between individual • '
strictures and po-
pular decisions is calculated to -
prod -
- - uee."
cannot but think that the " G' We
General
which w i ref but
e have made these brief but Preface" from
sufficient quo-
tations—the Preface to tl •us remarkable volume of
his collected poetical w •
ritincrs—will be recognised
as among not the least b
graceful or least admirable
of the manifold eff • usions of Robert Montgomery.
It cannot but win
towards him the regard and in-
terest of its reader and '
• the whole of the compre-
hensive edit' '
edition before us, we feel assured, cannot