The Sun.
London, England, 1865-08-01 00:00:00

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On Friday forenoon the Rev. Mr. Greenwell, of
Durham Cathedral; the Rev. Mr. Bigge, Starn-
fordham ; and Dr. Ernbleton, Beadnell, Northum-
berland; along--with Mr. John Hilson, manufac-
turer (members of the Berwickshire Naturalists'
Club), made some excavations on Murray's
Green, Jedburgh, one of the party having expressed
rofrroiaetng desire to obtain a human skull of a remote
period, and this being the likeliest place, from its
contiguity to the abbey, the fact that a Roman urn
containing bones had been found in the vicinity of
the abbey in this direction, and from the fact that
when a drain was lately cut across the green, a
number of stone slabs and human bones were come
upon by the workmen, the party were not disap-
pointed. On one of the workmen shovelling the
earth from a stone coffin (the edges of which were
before visible, as is also another to the south of it)
nothing interesting was turned up, which may be
accounted for by nearly two feet of earth having
been takenvshtraoovilb off the surface -some time ago, and
o
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either
ece
rkl
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from
somethinghrd o 1- probably
nreoddt bably be interfered with at that
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ieangeloybffisi:aol.
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This stone
bitried, and when about
the surface
from
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neau
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heeweiwih,
weight
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accumulated
ermtctitlaoununb'
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be the
anpt
eti
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htoumalailoiwskouf
llasdAdveitrieceleaxlpsoespeudl,tuarne,olflawvihn
under
ornapdmseot
siritoloykneednroawrwhsnel anabbwweai which c h
liftedl ae de
beenwer e care-
fullyw ellpreserved, but unfortunately one of them had been
struck with the pick. The skulls were found face
downwards, all of which were lifted, and being in
a good state of preservation, were taken pos-
igch
session of by the gentleman who had mainly
instituted the search. Wishing to ascertain
the sex, the pick and shovel were applied,
when it was found that only one entire body
had been interred, stated by Dr. Etnbleton
to be that of a male of middle size, with crooked
spine ; and as the two other skulls were much smal-
ler, they were supposed to be those of females. The
body lay with the head towards the abbey, lying
directly east and west, said to be a sign that the
ground had been used as a burying place by the
ancient British Christians. While the workmen
were clearing the earth off the body, a boar's tusk
was found on the right side, and about the place
where the feet had lain was found the perfeetlower
jaw only, with a fine set of teeth, of a person seem-
ingly much younger, from its size, than those at the
other end of the coffin, from which we infer its hav-
ing been used as a sort of family cyst. Two oxi-
dised large metal nails, having broad heads like
those used by slaters, with wood sticking to them,
were also found, thereby suggesting the use of a
wooden coffin which might have contained the body
of the person whose lower jaw was found intact,
and placed inside the larger one containing
the entire body and two skulls—the nails being
found near by the lower jaw. On the north side of
this place, about five yards apart, the workmen came
upon another body lying in the same direction, but
with the face ups arils about a foot and a half from
the surface. This one seemed not to have been in
a coffin, as there was nothing of the kind discernible ;
and out of the place where this was found a small
brass linked chain was turned out, which had small
pieces of oxidised metal attached to both en_cls. An-
other spot was tried in the forenoon, nearer Mr.
John Hilson's house, and about four yards distant
from the place the three skulls were lying side by
side, and the earth on being dug about a foot and
thrown out showed that interments had there also
been made at an early period from the large quanti-
ties of human bones, teeth, and charcoal, which had
been employed in burning the bodies before being in-
terred. The search was continued in the afternoon
on stone cysts on the side of the road at Abbey
Brae—Jhe edges of these, like the one first tried,
being visible—and on the other spots on the green,
but with the exception of human bones being ex-
posed, nothing else was come upon.

PRICE 4d.
STAMPED sd.

atrheecamraefsulsil-ye
galvanised,
sanwisheir
tofoprrmoteictst
toolfuletms9iodfet:ocnmos;etrhiAenglrlust which so soon consumes the
stoutest iron wire when laid in shallow seas. This
portion of the line was manufactured by Mr. Hen-
ley, the maker of the Persian Gulf cable. Mr.
Henley himself, as one of the most experienced
cable-layers, volunteered his aid at Foilhommerun
Bay, and gave most efficient assistance in submerg-
ilia this ponderous rope from Valentia out to sea.

The Armenian Lookworm.

- -0,- - -

On Wednesday last, writes the Paris correspondent
of the Times, were borne from the church of St.
Eugene, in the Rue du Conservatoire, to their last
resting-place, the remains of a man who for nearly
40 years had been one of the notables of that por-
tion of the Parisian population who inhabit the
Faubourg Poissonniere, or who frequent the Biblio-
theque Imperiale in the Rue Richelieu. I allude to
the Armenian, Kasangian, commonly called the
" Arraenien de la Bibliotheque, who had been for so
long the constant visitor to that treasury of learn-
ing that he came to be considered as one of its
fixtures. Librarians, attendants, porters, as well
as habitues, were in consternation when, on mis-
sing him from his familiar place in the reading-
room, they were told that he was no more ; for
they had seemed to regard him as almost exempt
from the law of mortality. His age could only
be guessed at. Persons who have hardly missed
a day at the library for 30 years affirm that the
Armenian looked as old when they first knew
him as he did up to the last moment. The punc-
tuality of his attendance in the library was some-
what wonderful. It was even said that when
the timepieces of the establishment got out of
order they were regulated on his appearance.
It is certain that the last stroke of 10 still
rung in the ears when his well-known person was
seen at the entrance. He was tall, lank, narrow-
chested, with thin legs, terminating in feet of pro-
digious size. His neck was long as a crane's,
scraggy, and always bare. He had a horror of
neckcloths of every description, and he had for
years tried to induce the employds of the establish-
ment, with whom he was a great favourite, to dis-
card their cravats. His features were long, ema-
ciated, and pale, though it is not known that he was
ever seriously ill. His costume consisted of a loose
black stuff robe, like a dressing gown, with wide
sleeves, open in front, and reaching half-way be-
low his knees, a vest and pantaloons made in the
Turkish fashion, and bound round at the waist with
a sash. His headdress used to be a little green
calotte, like . that worn by the clergy ; to this,
however, he lately added a hat made of black
stuff. When passing before the office where the
walking-canes and umbrellas are deposited, he
mechanically nodded his head to the left by way
of salute, and to the porter's lodge on the
right, whether there was any one there or not. He
then strode on to the fountain in the court, which
the hospitality of the establishment keeps always
supplied for the thirsty, who refresh themselves by
means of a tin goblet fastened by a chain. If the
sun shone brightly he would stand for a few minutes
to warm himself in its beams, but when the weather
was cold and snow covered the ground he mounted
at once to the large and well-warmed reading-room.
It was not often that the attendants were there
before him, but if they were they received the same
mute salute as he moved on straight to the shelves
in front of the central desk to take down the
volumes which he had left there the previous evening.
His place at the table was the same he had always
held. Everybody seemed to admit his right to it, just
as, I believe, the usage of the House of Commons
allows to a member who has once received its thanks
for some great public service. He declined the aid
of any one who offered to help him in taking down
his heavy folios, but acknoWledged their courtesy
with a nod and a melancholy smile. The works
the Armenian generally asked for were very rare.
Indeed, they became more so, for they were seldom
out of his hands ; and though the Bibliotheque lin-
-1)6-laic is, perhaps, the richest collection on the Con-
tinent, he has been heard to complain of its poverty.
Half hid behind the rampart of huge tomes, he used
to set himself to his daily task—the compilation of
an Arabic Dictionary,—which to him was one of
love, and which, I believe, he left unfinished after
so many years' labour. It is said he applied some
few years back for a subsidy of 30,000 f to enable
him to publish it, but without effect.
His mode of existence was the simplest ; his wants
were the fewest possible, and such as they were he
supplied them by giving lessons in Arabic early in
the morning and late in the evening, at the moderate
cost of a franc a lesson. His pupils were not numer-
ous, but he devoted to them all the time he spared
from his studies in the library and his brief repose.
He was never seen, I believe, at any place of public
amusement, seldom out of his beat, and I doubt
whether he knew more of moder? Paris than the
part which is comprised between the Faubourg
Poissonniere, where he occupied a.small room in the
fifth story, and the Church of the Madeleine. He
held little communication out of doors with any but
the employe's of the Bibliotheque, and those he fre-
quently had recourse to for information about the
books he wanted.

Besides his theory on the inutility, or rather
the disadvantage, of wearing neckcloths, he had
another on the decay of man, which he maintained
as identical with that of trees. Man, as life ad-
vances, becomes bald, just as the tree loses its
leaves. His limbs lose their vigour, just as the
branches lose their sap and wither at the extre-
mities. The human skin loses,its moisture, grows
dry and shrivelled, just as the trunk of the tree
grows discoloured and parched, and life withdraws
from the roots, when it perishes utterly. For a
year or two before his death the theory ap-
peared to be realised with Kasangian. It was re-
marked that he worked every week more slowly,
and that his work fatigued him more and more.
Before this he used occasionally to lean back in his
chair, his spectacles thrown up to his forehead, his
pen stuck behind his hear, and with his hands crossed
on one of the thickest of the folios before him,
slumber for an hour. But of late the siesta grew
more frequent and longer, and when he entered or
left the reading room his movements were slow and
hesitating.

The last time he was seen in the old-familiar chair
was this day week, when he drank from the foun-
tain, read, wrote, and slumbered as usual. His
absence on Monday excited attention. On inquiry
at his lodgings it was found that at 10 o'clock on
Sunday morning he had an attack of apoplexy, from
which he never rallied. He died in the course of
the same day, seemingly without pain, and as calm
as if he had dropped asleep among his beloved folios
in the library. Of his age or of the earliest period
of his life little certain is known. It is said that
he first came to Europe with the French army on
its return from Egypt in 1800, and he was then a
priest. If so, he must have been close upon 90,
though he looked, notwithstanding his emaciated
figure, 20 years younger.

CAST OF PRITCHARD'S HEAD.—The east taken of
the head of the murderer for the Phrenological Museum of
Edinburgh gives a very different impression of the cerebral
development from what one gets from the portraits, or oven
from having seen the man himself. His baldness concealed
the deficiency in the intellectual part of the brain, by mak-
ing the forehead appear larger than it in reality is. The
fact was found to be that the animal part of the brain was
fully four-fifths of the whole; as an eminent phrenologist
expressed it, the skull was bestial. The same gentleman
remarked that he had only known one head of a sane per-
son to equal it in its unfavourable development. The
organ of amativeness was immensely large, and also that of
love of approbation. A request was made to have the
brain for sdientific purposes, it being an opinion on the part
of some that the quality as well as the size and form of the
brain has something to do Itith natural disposition. This
request was declined, on the ground that it is opposed to
the modern act, which forbids the dissection of the bodies
of malefactors.—Daily Review.

Extraordinary Scene at a Funeral.

Among our notices of deaths on Saturday (says the Bir-
mingham Post) appeared the name of Mr. Joseph Abbott,
who, after living 65 years in this town, emigrated to Sand-
hurst, in the colony of Victoria, Australia, and recently
died there. The proceedings at his funeral, which appear
to have been of a strange unseemly character, are thus de-
scribed by a colonial paper :—" Yesterday afternoon the
mortal remains of the late Mr. J. Abbott wore buried at the
White Hills Cemetery. The funeral was attended by a con-
siderable number of Sandhurst citizens, among whom the
deceased, even at his advanced age, had made many friends,
by his simplicity of character, good heart, and sound sense.
We regret to say that the funeral was not allowed to take
place in that quiet, grave, and decorous manner befitting
the occasion. Priestly intolerance and sectarian differences
which cause such dissensions in the world on this occasion
chose the graveyard itself as the scene for exhibition. It
appeared that the grave in which the remains of the de-
ceased were to be interred was situated in the Church of
England portion of the cemetery, by the side of the
grave of his deceased wife. Mr. J. 11. Abbott, their
son, had purchased this portion of the ground at the
death of his mother, as a family burying place. The
deceased belonged to the Baptist persuasion, and the
clergyman chosen to officiate on the occasion was the Rev.
Mr. Taylor, who was accompanied by the Rev. Mr.Pletcher,
of the Congregationalists. At the sexton's residence,where
the hearse stopped, the mourners, to their astonishment,were confronted by an apparition in white, which turned
out to be the Rev. Mr. Stephens, ChurchofasEnglandthe
man, arrayed in a surplice. He stated that,deceased
was to bo buried in the Church of England portion of the
cemetery, it was his intention to read the burial service.
lle had a duty to perform ; and, although it gave him pain
to act in this way, he would discharge it. He refused to
have anything to say to Dissenting preachers (this to the
Rev. Mr. Taylor), and in answer to the Rev. Mr. Fletcher
told him ho was always interfering where he had no busi-
ness. Mr J. 11. Abbott requested hini, as he had made his
protest, not to interfere any further—that his father did not
belong to the Church of England, and that the ground he
was to bo buried in had been bought and paid for. If it
was a question of the fee, that should be paid to save any
further wrangle. Several remonstrances were made by
others among the mournen ; but the rev. gentleman replied
that he would discharge his duty, and that it was no ques-
tion of fees, and began in a somewhat excited manner to
recite the beautiful words, ' I am the Resurrection and the
Life,' &c. The effect upon the spectators may be ima-
gined. The incongruous association of sectarian rancour
and dissension, and a forcible intrusion of unasked and
distasteful services, with the language of Christ, struck all
with sorrow and disgust. The whole thing was a solemn
mockery, and the very words Whose bolieveth in me
shall have eternal life,' sounded like a special rebuke to
this wretched display of sectarianism. The funeral pro-
cession moved on without paying any attention to the
reverend gentleman, who, however, marched in front, re-
peating the usual words, and at the grave went through
the service, nearly all the mourners retiring until he had
finished and taken his departure, followed by the sexton.
Then the gentlemen present drew near the grave,
into which the coffin had previously been lowered, and the
Rev. Mr. Taylor read the burial service in use among those
of his persuasion, concluding with a prayer. The mourners
then retired, and thus ended a funeral ceremony charac-
terised by a scene which would be discreditable to an un-
civilised people. We trust that this community will not
again be scandalised by a recurrence of it. We may mention
that although the Rev. Mr. Stephens claimed to have the
right to read the burial service over the body within the
precincts
of the church of England portion, yet he proceeded
to exercise it before he came to the ground."

THE PRINCESS DAGMAII AND THE LADIES OF
RUSSIA.—The following interesting letter has just
been addressed by the Princess Dagmar to the Empress
of Russia, in acknowledging a present to the Princess by
the ladies of St. Petersburg and Moscow :—"Bernstorf,
July 8, 1865.—Madam,—Only a few weeks back
my prayers to the Almighty were being joined with
those from so many Russian hearts for the preservation of
the life of the Grand Duke, heir of Russia, my beloved
affianced husband. It has pleased Divine Providence to
decide otherwise, and snatch from our affection
him who would have been the source of our happiness. By
the gracious intermediation of your Majesty that general
feeling of profound grief has just been expressed to me on
the part of the ladies of St. Petersburg and Moscow, by the
precious gifts of a cross and a Bible. It is to your Majes-
ty's maternal heart that I venture to confide the sincere
expression of a deep-felt gratitude which takes its origin in
a sentiment of grief shared by so many, and which will
never be effaced. This Holy Bible and sacred cross will
always remind me that Russia, which country has become
so dear to me, seeks her strength and her consolation in the
words of the Almighty, and bears with faith and resigna-
tion the cross which Heaven imposes on her. May those
ladies accept my affectionate thanks for the Christian con-
solation which they have kindly offered me. I pray to
God to hear my prayers for the Emperor, for yourself,
madam, and for Russia. Believe me to be most faithful
and devoted to your Imperial Majesty.—DAGMAß."

LONDON, TUESDAY,

AUG UST 1, 1865.

--40.

A convention of considerable importance has just
met at Detroit to discuss a very important topic.
It is true, the object of the meeting was a pacific
one. The principal speakers were engaged in the
sober pursuits of commerce, and the great subject
of debate was apparently a mere question of cus-
toms. If we look below the surface, however, we
shall find the destinies of two or more great nations
in the balance, and a war which shall engage the
attention of the civilised world, or a peace which
shall denlope the resources of half a continent, were
really the subject matter of an apparently commer-
cial debate. A body of merchants and other dele-
gates from the• United States assembled at Detroit
to discuss the renewal of the Reciprocity Treaty.
Representatives from Canada and the other British
Provinces were likewise present, and the whole
question of the exchange of produce, the navigation
of the lakes and of the St. Lawrence, and the sea
fisheries, were very fully and freely discussed.
Just at the present crisis such a gathering could
not fail to be an important one, both as regards
its immediate results and its ultimate effects.
Rightly or wrongly, our Transatlantic friends are
supposed to have an eye on the fair provinces
as yet in the infancy of their development which
own allegiance to the British Crown, and a desire
to avenge the imaginary affronts or injuries received
during the Civil War was thought to have quick-
ened their sense of the advantages to be derived
from the annexation of the Canadian provinces.
Under these circumstances the termination of the
Reciprocity Treaty was looked upon as the be_
ginning 'of the end, as the first step on a road
which might lead to very serious mischief. It will
be remembered that soon after the notice about the
Treaty the Chamber of Commerce at Detroit
addressed a very frank and sensible remonstrance
to the Government on the subject, showing how
great were the advantages of the Treaty, and how
necessary its maintenance was for the trade of the
Border States. The meeting which we are now
referring to included, as we have said, representa-
tives from both the American and British sides of
the question, and the propriety of a renewal of the
Treaty was discussed in all its bearings. General
WALLBRIDGE, of New York, declared that, for his
part, he was very willing to consider a renewal of
the Treaty, but took the opportunity of hinting that
a close bond of alliance was possible, and that if
Canada would join the United States and help to
pay their- debt she would receive a very cordial wel-
come. The Canadians, however, did not seem dis-
posed to any such Quixotic generosity, and the pro-
posal was received very coolly. But the polite
hints of the General were entirely throwil into the

shade by the downright assertions of the
American Consul-General at Montreal. This
gentleman, Mr. POTTER, said that a Recipro-
city Treaty had its advantages and its disad-
vantages, and that he was against the re-
newal, because he believed that its suspension for
two years would compel Canada to join the Union.
This kind project of starving the Canadians into
submission did not meet with their assent, and the
Delegates of the Provinces frankly assured the
speaker that no such step would succeed in coercing
them. The Consul indeed appears to have forgotten
that there is such a place as England, and that if
the direct communication with Canada is blocked
up during part of the year, there are still months
enough to send supplies which would last out any
winter. Besides, the British provinces are naturally
so rich in agricultural products that independently
of any supply from this country it would not be
an easy task to starve them out. If the Americans
ever try such a plan they will and themselves very
grievously mistaken, for the stubborn spirit of the
genuine Anglo-Saxon would be more bent in op-
position than ever. The sentiments of the Pro-
vinces were unmistakably expressed by Mr. HOWE,
a gentleman whose name is not unknown in this
country, and who has made some very able speeches
on the relationship of this country with her
American dependencies. Mr. HOWE addressed the
meeting at some length, and boldly declared
that the colonies wanted nothing from the States,
and that any man who proposed annexation would
be driven from public life in three months. lie
declared that he loved the English flag before all
others, and his frank, straightforward statement
carried the assembly with him, so that, although
his speech was not very complimentary to the
former speakers, he was unanimously cheered. Ills
arguments in favour of the renewal of the Recipro-
city Treaty were so convincing and so clearly put
before the assembly that a resolution in its favour
was passed without a dissentient vote.

The difficulties of the discussion were considerably
augmented by the introduction of a very broad
question, namely, the route of communication be-
tween Europe and the Western States. Hitherto
the Empire State has been the great channel, and,
despite natural disadvantages, the New Yorkers, by
the aid of canals and railways, have drawn the
whole commerce of the West through their port.
But there appears to be a growing jealousy on the
part of the Western States towards New York,
and several plans for devising new means
of communication were brought forward at
Detroit. It was suggested, on the one
hand, that the Erie Canal should be enlarged,
but the scheme which was most warmly supported
was that of a ship canal round the Falls of Niagara
large enough for vessels drawing fourteen feet of
water. This plan was very favourably received by
the majority of the meeting. The great point to
decide, for which the meeting was convened, was, as
we have seen, decided in favour of a renewal of the
Treaty, and we are not surprised to learn that
this result is mainly attributable to the good
sense and judgment of the British repre-
sentatives. These gentlemen brought into the
convention the calm and temporate atmosphere
of an English constitutional assembly, utterly
opposed to the rash and violent assertions, the
acrimony and vehemence too common among
American professional politicians. The good taste
and courtesy of the Delegates from the Provinces
sufficed to temper the vehemence of the New York
politicians, while they frankly but firmly intimated
their intention to hold their own position. The
result of the assembly cannot be otherwise than
gratifying to well-wishers of both countries, since
fair and friendly commercial relations are indis-
pensable to their individual success, and must tend
to their material advantage.

The drama which is being played out between
Austria and Prussia has now assumed an interest
and importance which excites the curiosity and
awakens the speculation of the beholders. Accord-
ing to all appearances, as Prussia recedes Austria
advances in the march of progress and constitutional
government. There seems nothing at all un-
reasonable in the nature of the conditions proposed
by Austria, although it is not likely that they will
be accepted willingly or graciously by the captious
and overbearing power to whom they are now
offered. A great many concessions are made in this
arrangement, which at first sight seems to yield up
most of the important points of debate, but still
there remains the one thing needful omitted, which
will spoil the affair in the eyes of Prussia. The
scheme of annexation is not to be, and Austria
stipulates that before she consents to the choice of
the Grand Duke of OLDENBURG, " Prussia shall de-
clare her definitive resolution to continue to support
this proposal and shall not on any future time resort
to the scheme of annexation." This will be the
death-blow to the plan which otherwise promises
very well for the Berlin schemes of aggrandisement.
It is proposed to give up " Kiel " to Prussia, and
that she should also occupy Rendsburg under
certain conditions. Furthermore, it concedes
further territory to Prussia if a correspond-
ing registrar be granted to Austria by " a
rectification of the Silesian frontier." As to
the other demands of Prussia, in respect to
the marine and postal arrangements in the Duchies,
Austria is willing to allow-She same to be settled
between the future Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and
Prussia.

It is a very prudent precaution on the part of
Austria to stipulate that if the choice fall upon the
Duke of OLDENBURG there should be an under-
standing come to that the arrangement is definitive,
and no further schemes of annexation are to be
contemplated, because nothing is more likely than
that the wily BISMARK will try to steal a march
when all is settled. After a time other interests
will engross attention, and other schemes excite in-
terest, and it will not be likely that the Duchies of
Schleswig-Holstein will for ever be the prominent
objects of attention, and, therefore, any alteration
afterwards would not be so serious. Count BELO-
REDI, Minister of State, has addressed a circular to
the Governors of all the non-Hungarian provinces,
urging on them the strict fulfilment of their duty
and a judicious attitude towards self-governing
corporations. The circular also recommends " re-
spect for the free expression of public opinion by
the press, as being a precious and valuable benefit."
It
has been rather the fashion in certain quarters
to slight Austria ; but surely the magnates of
Prussia and France will do well to take a hint from
this wise and generous course. No country can
ever be called really free without the liberty of the
press,
and therefore this concession on the part of
Austria may be regarded as a step of some im-

portance.
Bavaria, Savoy, and Hesse have made an im-
portant declaration, which cannot fail to have its
due effect upon the arrangement of affairs. It was
not likely, indeed, that the smaller States would go
on for ever quiescent when such great questions
were at stake. It is not so much the magnitude of
the territory in question as the fact that they are
put on one side in such an unceremonious fashion in
all the discussions and disputes on the subject.
Those who watched the course of eioents felt toler-
ably certain that before the regular s.ttlement took

place these despised departments of the Germanic
Confederation would make their voice heard. It is
not likely that Prussia will be able to cope with
Austria and the Germanic States as well, and she
may well be anxious now and pause on her way,
instead of proceeding with fatal precipitancy.
On the whole, we may consider that, strong as are
the appearances at present, there is nothing actually
to regret in the aspect of affairs in Germany. It is
not for the interests of the other nations of Europe,
and it is unfavourable to the maintenance of
the balance of power, that a perfect una-
nimity should exist between these Princi-
palities and States so diverse in their com-
plexion and so grasping in their demands. It is all
for the best that the Duchies of Schleswig-Holstein
should remain a standing-point of dispute, and a
lasting source of altercation. Had there been a
speedy and satisfactory adjustment of the difficul-
ties last year, who can tell to what lengths the
parties might not have gone and what new worlds
they might not have sought to conquer ? As it is,
there is presented a spectacle which he who runs
may read, and which the dullest must com-
prehend, and the most partial cannot gainsay.
The wrongs of Denmark are already partly avenged
in the pitiful position of Prussia. Austria
will not yield so tamely as some imagine, nor will
the United States be so quiescent as it has been
supposed in certain quarters ; on the contrary, we
may expect to hear of a decided change taking place
shortly in the style and tenure of things. It must
be borne in mind, likewise, that the Government of
Berlin has to contend against internal dissensions
as well as external altercations, and at any moment
either of these difficulties may prove too much for
them to manage ; and the combination of an out-
raged people at home, and indignant allies abroad,
will furnish a proper sequel to their long career of
treachery and deceit.

St, James's Hall,

PROFESSOR ANDERSON'S ENTERTAINMENT.

Last night Professor Anderson commenced a
farewell season in London prior to his departure for
Australia, and it was highly gratifying, despite the
unfavourable state of the weather, to see his splen-
did temple of magic crowded with a most attentive
company. On this occasion the Wizard has divided
his entertainment into three distinct parts, the great
novelty being the performance of Mr. Frederick
Maccabe, a ventriloquist of extraordinary talent.
Mr. Maccabe's entertainment is very much of the
same style as that of our old friend Love, the poly-
phonist, and Mr. Woodin, without being a servile
imitator of either ; it is exceedingly interesting and
attractive. He assumes various characters with the
greatest rapidity, but the principal is Miss Mary
May, a good-naturedly satirical young lady, whose
peculiarities he hits off in the most astonishing man-
ner. The entertainment is varied by several capital
songs, all of which are given with point and humour
by the new candidate for popular favour. Miss
Lizzy Anderson performs the great Indian basket
trick with the greatest success, and Professor An-
derson goes through various experiments of Euro-
pean magic, for which he is unapproachable. Miss
Anderson contributes an entirely new phase of her
extraordinary second sight, and, taken as a whole,
the Wizard of the North's entertainment is, without
exception, one of the best in the metropolis.

Mr. W. H. Smith, the founder of the well-known
firm W. H. Smith and Co., died at Watson House,
Bournemouth, at the advanced aged of 73, on Friday, the
28th ult. The deceased gentleman commenced the business
of newsagent in a comparatively humble way some fifty
years ago, and had retired about seven years, leaving to his .
son, Mr. W. 11. Smith, the entire management. It is in-
deed principally within the last seven years that the busi-
ness has received its extraordinary development, but its
great success, and its conversion from an ordinary news-
agency into one of the greatest publishing establishments
in the kingdom, are, undoubtedly, to bo traced to the in-
dustry, energy, and prudence of its founder.

THE PLANET SATURN'S RINGS.—New theory of
their nature, by Mr. Proctor, of St. John's College,
Cambridge.-11 it should prove true, says the Spectator,
what an astounding conception of the mighty bowling-
ground of the solar system it opens out to us ! Mr. Proctor
supposes that planets are constantly being attracted out of
the mass towards the body of the Saturnian globe, their
advanced guard in that direction constituting indeed the
dark transparent ring, and some probably even falling
right home into the central globe itself—while, in the
planetary whirlpool called the Ring, balls of greater velocity
are constantly overtaking those of loss velocity, and pro-
ducing by their impact a celestial thunder and outbursts of
heat such as no earthly cannonade could give us any idea
of. True, the cannonade goes on at a distance of ten
thousand miles from the body of the planet, and far beyond
the reach of its atmosphere, so that the sound is probably
inaudible through want of a medium to convey it. But
the light and heat of such collisions must be very con-
siderable, and may have more to do with the Condition-of-
Saturn question than we have any idea of. A perpetual
celestial thunderstorm on a huge scale, though without the
thunder, except perhaps when an occasional thunderbolt
in the shape of an unhappy moon that has been 'absorbed'
drops plump into the body of the planet,—satellite canon-
ing against satellite,—a group of celestial express trains
overtaking a group of slow trains, and hustling each other
as only worlds can hustle worlds,—such is the scene
which, if Mr. Proctor is right, may be nightly present to
the astronomers of Saturn, as they gaze at what we from
our distant station in the universe look upon as his system
of rings. If this be so indeed, it is difficult to conceive
anything more different than our emotions towards

" That orbed maiden
With white fire laden
Whom mortals call the moon,"

than "the emotions of Saturnians towards that zone of
clashing worlds, that incessant artillery of the skies, which
sometimes hides the sun from them, sometimes reflects
back the sun upon them, and ever flashes on, like sus-
pended Etnas or Heclas in a rotating celestial roof, almost
close to their habitation. Yet perhaps even they could
scarcely find poetry to express their feeling towards these
marvellous rings more fitting than that of one of our own
Psalms,—" He bowed the heavens also and came down,
and darkness was under his feet. . . . At the bright-
ness that was before him, the thick clouds passed, hail-
stones and coals of fire ; the Lord thundered in the
heavens, and the Highest gave His voice, hailstones and
coals of fire ; then the channels of waters were seen, and
the foundations of the world were discovered at Thy re-
buke, 0 Lord,—at the blast of the breath of Thy nostrils.',

CHARING CROSS REDIVI v us. —Whatever may have
been the motives of the railway company in decree-
ing the re-erection of the Charing Cross after its violent
destruction in 1646, the public will feel certainly grateful
to them for their determination to rescue from oblivion so
interesting a relic of bygone times. The architect to
whom the work has been intrusted (Mr. Edward M. Barry,
A.R.A.) has had before him a task of no ordinary diffi-
culty, though it has evidently been a labour of love, for
while it was his duty to restore the design of old Charing
Cross, the materials for so doing are exceedingly scanty.
A rough drawing in the British Museum, another scarcely
better at the Bodleian at Oxford, and a third of similar
character in the library of the Society of Antiquaries, are
all the authorities available for the purpose, if we accept
some few engravings of obvious incompleteness and inac-
curacy. It is fortunate, however, that the drawings above-
named, though evidently by unpractised hands, agree
thoroughly together, and may therefore be regarded as
tolerably safe guides for the leading principles of the design,
number of stcries, and other important features, though
they necessarily leave in the hands of the architect much
of the detail to be filled up from his own skill and know-
ledge. Pennant describes the Cross as octagonal, and
specially states that there were eight figures upon it.
•A priori, this could hardly have been expected, as none
of the other crosses had more than four—Northampton
now displaying this number, and Waltham only three.
The new Charing Cross, however, will follow
Pennant as regards the number of its niches and statues,
and will agree, in its leading features, with the drawings
above referred to. It will bo 68ft. high to the top of
the gilt metal cross by which it will be surmounted, and is
being erected of Portland stone. The work is now in a
very forward state, and its completion may be expected be-
, fore the close of the summer. To the lovers of the Fine
Arts it will be a source of satisfaction to know that it is
notintended to " utilise" the monument in any way ' • it
pfountain its
advertising
base,
will not carry a clock in any of its niches, there will not be
a o drinking-office,
norount an in
ad at e
enoloutnn
rate.lelgrt
willaph be -otipcne,renoad
rna
st
simple "Charing-cross," and again we say that the direc-
tors deserve well of the community for having thus given
a portion of the ground purchased by them at such great
cost, and so valuable for the purposes of the traffic, and for
having had the courage to expend the amount required in
the erection of this interesting and admirable work of art.
The beautiful work, so completely restored by Mr. Edward
Barry, is now just on the eve of completion, and will very
-hortly be uncovered,—Railway *Arm,

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTF.R'S TELEGRAMS.)

AMERICA.
BREST, AUG. 1.

The Transatlantic Company's steamer Europe,
from New York on the 21st July, has arrived here.
Her telegraphic news has been anticipated.