The Sun.
London, England, 1865-02-15 00:00:00

rHE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVEMr(G, FEBRETARY 15, 1865.

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LONDOIV, WEDNESDAY, FEB. 15, 1865.

The most important part of the news brought by
the Canada refers to the revival of peace rumours,
and to the arrival of unofficial Confederate commis-
sioners at Fort Monroe. According to the Richmond
Sentinel, Mr. BLAIR, on his return to Washington
from his first expedition to Richmond, carried with
him DAVIS'S assurance that he would put no ob-
stacles of form in the way of sending unofficial com-
missioners to the North, if he was assured before-
hand that they would be received. The Southern
President has never attempted to conceal or to deny
the anxiety of himself and his people for the termi-
nation of the war which is desolating their country,
but at the same time he has unflinchingly main-
tained the recognition of Confederate independence
as an indispensablepreliminary to anyterms of peace.
This position he has in no way abandoned, and the
despatch of the commissioners to Fort Monroe is no
sign of weakness on the Southern side. If it were,
such a confession the North, has made it long since,
and, in truth, reversing an old aphorism, they are
willing to have peace, but afraid of the conditions
attending it. President Davis, in making the re-
cognition of his official commissioners a sine qua non
in despatching an embassy, only asserted the legi-
timate rights-of his Government, but he is probably
anxious to leave no stone unturned to end the war,
provided always that it can be done without the
surrender of their flag. The Northern eagerness
for peace is unmistakeable, and the effect of the war
on the finances of the Federals is ruinous. jrA.
BLAIR probably told DAVIS that LINCOLN was
willing to do more than he could officially offer, and
the Southern President was willing to show his
readiness to come to terms if possible. Accord-
ingly Vice-President STEPHENS, Senator HuNTER,
of Virginia, and Ex-Assistant Secretary of War J.
CAMPBELL, left Richmond on the 30th, with the
object of seeing whether it be possible to put a
peace conference on a practical basis. Not only
has Mr. SEWARD gone to Fort Monroe to meet them,
but President LINCOLN himself has left Washington,
and is said to be also going thither. A telegram
from Mr. s,„ .
him early on Dis reported to have summoned
morning of the the
was known in New York when the vessel left.
There is little doubt but that the approach of the
crisis of March has stirred up Northern energies,
and they have probably been
further stimulated by
the aspect of affairs with France. The Imperial
and vacillating, than our
Government, less timid
own, is fully capable of proceedin
recognition if it should see fit, and tgere
h to
lin
mediate
have been
for some time very marked indications that France
was growing weary of this protracted and profitlesse
inaction on the part of the European Governments.
The pressure of these considerations may influence
the Washington Cabinet to abate some of its pre_
tensions. Possibly, indeed, they may go so far as
to consent to a recognition of the South as a sepa-
rate State, subservient to themselves, but the Con-
federates will not, we hope, accept such terms. If
they hold out till after March affairs may turn in
their favour. There is no doubt that there is dis-
union and disaffection in the Southern camp as well
as in the Northern, though it is not so publicly
shown to the world as B L'ILER'S quarrel with GRANT.

Secret manoeuvres and underhand communications,
such as are indicated by Senator FOOTE'S conduct, are
prejudicial to the Government ; but if President
DAvis maintains the same highminded, straight-
forward course as hitherto, the end will be gained
at last.
In conjunction with their efforts for peace, the
Federals are pressing on the war, hoping by that
means to induce a readier consent to their terms.
SHER3IAN has evidently received a hint to move for-
ward, and has accordingly contrived, by dividing
his army into three portions, to threaten two or
three places at once. A decided movement was
being made on Charleston, where Pennies fleet had
also been sent. One column of SHERMAN'S troops
, had, on the 28th ult., arrived within forty
miles of the city ; but we must remember
that the Federal miles are not always reckoned
on the same scale as other people's. SHERMAN'S
other divisions moved by parallel roads towards
Branchville, and all non-combatants liad been ordered
by General HILL to leave Augusta in case of that
city being attacked. SHERMAN'S progress, however,
came to a speedy stoppage. Heavy rains followed
his departure for Savannah, and the troops which
were advancing over the swamps became soon in-
volved in confusion. For ten miles of the interior
South Carolina was impassable for either men or
waggons, and consequently 'a retreat to firmer
roads was imperative, and part of the transport was
left in the mud ! Richmond despatches of the 31st
ult. state that HARDEE reports all SHER3IAN'S
efforts to cross the Combahee to have failed up to
that time. It is evident that he has received orders
to make an active denionstration so as to influence
the South in their consideration of the peace pro-
posals.

In anticipation of the resolution of the South to
employ their negroes as troops with eventual eman-
cipation, the North are loudly proclaiming, their
abolitionist principles. They see that the grand
war cry upon which they have never acted, but
which has served them in good stead in many quar-
ters, will soon be quite powerless, and therefore
they seek to ingratiate themselves with Europe
while there is yet time. But in truth the oppor-
tunity is past for them, and Europe is pretty well
aware that empire and not emancipation, the sub-
jection of the whites and not the freedom of the
blacks, is the object of all their efforts. The con-
stitutional amendment abolishing slavery has been
passsed in the House of Representatives by more
than 2 to 1, and Lincoln has been serenaded at
Washington on making a speech declaring that
event to be an occasion of congratulation to the
world. The emancipation proclamation has, he
considers, fallen short of what the amendment will
do—the one, in fact, having never been intended
for more than a feint.

We hear nothing of the capture of Wilmington,
which, like TONY LUMPKIN'S education, probably
waits a more convenient opportunity. BUTLER'S
attack on GRANT, and his thanks to Heaven for
never having commanded the army of the Potomac,
together with the failure of the Dutch Gap Canal,
is an amusing episode in the tragedy of the war.
The exposure can hardly be favourable to LINCOLN'S
plans. Whatever the final result of the peace nego-
tiations, they are not likely to bring about any
speedy fruit, for the North is hardly yet willing to
accord recognition, and the South assuredly is not
ready to surrender.

The proceedings in the Prussian Chambers fur-
nish plenty to engage attention in one way and an.

other, and the tortuous policy of the Cabinet is re-
vealed more forcibly than they may desire or think
convenient. The other day the Government Com-

missioner stated before the Committee on the
Budget that the Government had taken five million
thalers from the public Treasury for the payment of

the war expenses, and also five millions for carrying
out the land-tax regulations, adding that this latter
was considered as an advance made to the Govern-

ment. This very extraordinary mode of proceeding
was justly animadverted upon by Herr VON HOVER-

BECK, who went so far as to move that the Commit.

tee should declare the Ministry were not justified in
appropriating ten millions without authority from
the Chamber, and that they should be held person-
ally responsible for the act. It is satisfactory to find
that so decided a plan should be proposed, for it is
as well that Ministers should receive some rebuke
for their presumptuous pertinacity in meddling with
public affairs in so unprincipled a fashion. How-
ever, the committee did not take up this proposition
until after the report upon the Budget. It seems
extraordinary that men of experience should thus
compromise the interests of the country, in order to
obtain their own ends, without being withheld by
those scruples which should naturally influence
them. But it is no new thing to hear that Herr
Vox BISMARCK and his friends defy criticism, and
refuse to be fettered by obligations which others in
their position consider binding. During the last
year their conduct has outraged all propriety, and
been productive of anomalies of all kinds, social
and political. In their vehement desire
to carry on the iniquitous war into which they madly

plunged they set the claims of justice at nought

and abandoned those considerations which should
always restrain public men in the discharge of their
duties. Prussia has been literally bamboozled
throughout the whole course of the late transactions
respecting the war, but it will be many a long day
before the Prussians hear the end of the annoyances
to which it has subjected them, or can calculate the
total amount of the expenses of the war. It is the
surest proof of the disingenuousness of Ministers that
their plans have been so covert, and that they have
kept so much in the background until it was too
late to remedy the evil done. It is to be hoped that
the committee will adopt the resolution of Herr
VON HOVERBECK, and thus demonstrate in
a forcible manner that they do not ap-
prove of the management of Ministers, and
will not ratify their unwarrantable acts by their
sanction and approval, nor even go so far as
to afford them a tacit support by abstaining from
the expressions of reproof so fully merited and
richly deserved. All that we are permitted to
glean from the revelations made to the deputies by
the chary communications of official ,notices, con-
firm the ideas already pretty generally entertained,
that a vast amount of double-dealing has taken
place, and that even now no more is made known
than is absolutely necessary for the purposes of the
State business being carried on. As time advances
there will be much more found out, if it is not con-
fessed, at the indifferent and almost impertinent
manner which the Prussian Ministers assume in
their dealings with the representatives of the
people. These latter, however, and the nation at
large,
have themselves to blame in a great measure,
for the encouragement they gave to the prosecution
of the war agtotohde
foeueltianegt,. without having regard to
principle or
Mr

Mr. Cox proposed a very rational scheme
last
night when he asked for leave to bring in a bill to
amend in some degree the Public-house Closing
Act of last year. It is often found that with the
best intentions the framers of these measures are
rather one-sided in the way they arrange matters.
What answers in one case does not in another, and
hence serious annoyances accrue, and , ery awkward

mischances arise in consequence of the stringenQy
of enactments that press heavily in quarters that
needed no such reticence. Mr. Cox appropriately
quoted two lines from COWPER in illustration of his
remarks—

"Wit unrestrained is apt to strike
Guilty and guiltless both alike."

The chief object of the Act of last year was to put
a stop to many irregularities and disreputable pro-
ceedings that took place in consequence of some
houses in the Haymarket and elsewhere
being kept open during the night ; but as
matters now stand, the rule is applied to all parts
of the town indiscriminately, and the Commissioner
of Police does not recognise the claims of those
houses in the vicinity of Covent-garden and Copen-
hagen-fields to be exempted from the law that en-
forces early closing. There is great truth in the
observations made by the hon. member, and it is
fortunate that leave was given to introduce the bill,
as great inconvenience must be felt by a numerous
class in consequence of the manner in which affairs
are at present arranged. It is always very difficult
to legislate upon varied domestic matters without
infringing in some measure upon the interests of de-
serving persons ; but when it is shown that any
part of a measure presses too heavily upon a portion
of the community, it is incumbent upon the Legis-
lature to effect a remedy as speedily as possible.

ELECTION INTELLIGENCE.

TRURO.

The nomination took place at 11 o'clock on Monday
morning, in the Market-hall, when there was a very large
attendance of electors and non-electors. The candidates—
the Hon. Captain Vivian, Liberal, and Mr. Williams, Con-
servatiVe—were both lustily cheered on making their ap-
pearance, but the Liberal candidate had unquestionably the
larger share of applause. The proceedings were orderly
throughout, and the greatest good humour prevailed.
Mr. EDWARD MICKELL moved that the Hon. Captain
Vivian was a fit and proper person to represent the ancient
borough of Truro. He drew a contrast between the two
candidates. The Hon. Captain Vivian was a consistent and
tried Liberal, while Mr. Williams was a thing which nobody
could understand—a Liberal Conservative—a kind of am-
phibious animal, which could neither live on land or water.

(Cheers.)
Mr. ARTHUR WILLYAMS seconded the nomination.
Captain HENDERSON proposed Mr. Frederick Martin
Williams as a fit and proper parson to represent the
borough in Parliament. He advocated him as being a man
wrapped up in every way in the material interests of the
town, and as holding political principles that had been
severely tested with the utmost success. Captain Vivian,
who should not at the present time have disturbed the peace
of the borough, was a seeker for place..
Mr. H. BARROW seconded the motion.
The Hon. Captain JOHN' CRA.scu WALKER VINIAN then
rose and addressed the electors at great length. He said
this was the second time he had sought the suffrages of
the electors, the first being in 1859, when he was defeated
by a majority of 12. He thought the Liberal Government
were deserving of great credit for going out of the groove
of party to select the best man for the place at their dis-
posal in the person of their late member, Mr. Montague
Smith. He (Captain Vivian) came before them as a mem-
ber of the great Liberal party of progress. (Cheers.) But
Mr. Frederick Williams came before them as a Liberal
Conservative. If the term meant anything, it meant a man
who dares not advance with the progress of the times, and
is afraid to confess it. It reminds him of a jibbing horse
which would not go down a hill or up it. It was a sham—a
' humbug. (Great cheering.) But Mr. Williams was a mem-
ber of the Reform Club in 1861, and as he was suddenly
converted to the Carlton no doubt there was a lingering re-
collection of the sweets of the old love, which induced him
to combine the two qualities of Liberal and Conservative
—qualities which were as incongrous as fire and water.
He (Captain Vivian) had been charged with having, for
his object the obtaining of office. Well, if he did get office it
would be an office in which he could serve the borough ; he
was neither a lawyer nor a parson, and therefore he was not
likely to be made either a judge or a bishop. He should be
with the party of progress, and in opposition to the Conser-
vative party. He should be with that party which had
passed all the measures of reform with which the people
had been blessed for years past—(cheers)—that party which
had passed the groat Reform Bill, the Catholic Emancipation
Act, and the repeal of the Corn Laws. But Conservatism was
irreconcilable with progress. A Conservative was a man de-
termined to stand still, while crying out for " our glorious
Constitution." A Liberal loved the Constitution as much
as any Conservative, but he saw that the progress of en-
lightenment required that we should progress equally in
political matters. He was not for sudden changes, but for
gradual and progressive reform. He would take his stand
upon Mr. Locke King and Mr. Baines's Franchise Bills. He
said to the Conservative party it was much better to take

their medicine at once than to stand smelling at it, and the
worst of all courses was t 9 wait till the nurse took them by
the nose and forced it down their throats. (Great laughter and
cheers.) It was not because the people were not agitating
for reform that they did not want it, or were not interested
in such a matter. They were merely waiting for an oppor-
tunity. With regard to the position of this country in Eu-
rope, ho thought it was their duty to offer advice for the
prevention of bloodshed, but it was ridiculous to say that
they must necessarily follow up that advice by going to war.
He hoped never to see the day when the influence of Eng-
land would not be exercised and felt in the councils of
Europe. At the same time, he hoped that influence would
always be exercised for the preservation of peace rather
than as a threat of war. (Applause.) Ho thoroughly agreed
with the Government in the conduct of the American ques-
tion, and though he should be glad to see the lamentable
contest which was raging in the or.co United States of
America terminated, still he hoped the Government would
never swerve from those principles of neutrality which they
had hitherto acted upon. Another question which agitated
the people at the present day was the Permissive Bill. He
was as well aware as any person could be of the great evils
arising from intemperance, but looked for their cure rather
to the progress of education and the general enlightenment
of the people as to their moral and social duties than to
legislative enactments. He did not believe drunkenness
could be cured by Act of Parliament, but, at the same time
he was willing to give the bill his best consideration, and,
as it was a permissive measure, he did not see that any
harm would accrue by giving it a trial. In conclusion, he
claimed their support as a champion of the great Liberal
cause, and as a man who, by himself and his family, had
been connected with the borough for generations. It was
his proudest ambition to represent Truro. (Cheers.)
Mr. FRED. MARTIN WILLIAMS then came forward, but
his reception was much less favourable than that accorded
to Captain Vivian. He said that during his canvass he had
received from all parties, Liberal and Conservative—most
flattering receptions. He was ambitious of following
worthily in the footsteps of their late member, who had so
ably advocated their cause, and whose merits had secured
for him an elevation to one of themost honourable positions
in the country. Ile should, like Mr. Montague Smith, con-
sistently and steadfastly support everything that was sound
and good to our Constitution, while at the same time he
should advocate every social and political improvement
which the circumstances of the time and the well-being of
the country required—(applause)—and he should support
every measure which would tend to elevate the condition
of the people. Ho thought the great object of all should be
the social and moral improvement and the material welfare
of the people. The question of economy in the State was
one that interested all, but though we were at present at
peace with European nations, it was necessary to keep the
army and navy in a state of efficiency. He should like to
see such a settlement of the church rate question as would
be satisfactory to all. In conclusion, he might say that he
was a working man—a man of business, long and intimately
connected with the borough, and he could assure them that
if returned to Parliament he would do all in his power to
advance its interest and the interest of the country at large.
(Cheers.)
On the proposals being put to the meeting the show of
hands was declared to be in favour of the Hon. Captain
Vivian, though the majority was not large. A poll was
demanded on behalf of Mr. Williams.
STATE OF THE POLL.
ONE O'CLOCK.

Williams (Conservative)

Vivian (Liberal)..
CLOSE OF TUE POLL-POL-lt O'CLOCX.
Williams (Conservative) 249
Vivian (Liberal) 220

. 173

CORK, Tuesday.
This election took place to-day. Shortly after 10 o'clock
Mr. N. D. Murphy and Mr. J. F. Maguire, M.P., entered
the Court-house together, and were loudly cheered. Mr.
Murphy was proposed by Mr. F. R. Leahy, and seconded
by Mr. Maurice Munday. Mr. Maguire was formally pro-
posed by Mr. D. O'Sullivan, late high sheriff, and seconded
by Mr. James Hogarty. Mr. Murphy addressed the meet-
ing, and declared that he had a majority of the Liberal
party. Mr. Maguire said it was not his intention to contest
the representation then, but he expressed his determination
to stand for Cork at the general election. Each candidate
spoke with good feeling of the other, and general harmony
prevailed.

TRAM; TUESDAY.
The nomination of candidates took place to-day. The
O'Donoghue was proposed by Mr. Gerald O'Connor, and
seconded by Mr. Michael Lyons. Mr. Joseph Neile
M'Senna was proposed by Mr. Henry Donovan, and se-
conded by Mr. Danial de Courcy 3PGillicuddy. The sheriff
declared the show of hands in favour of The O'Donoghue.
A poll was demanded on the part of Mr. Mgenna, and the
sheriff fixed Thursday as the day of polling. The pro-
ceedings puled Off With 99InParatilN giti t.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

LITERATURE,

The Quarterly Review. No. 233.
An unusually interesting number of tho Quar-
terly is now before us. The subjects are more

than ordinarily varied, and although the reviewers
generally make their selection from works of esta-

Wished character and topics that are engrossing the
attention of the day, in the present instance they
have been especially fortunate. The number opens

with an article on William Blake, artist and vision-
ary, whose erratic though noble character and
chequered life has lately been brought before a

public that knew him too little. It is impossible,
while following this record of Blake's eccentricities,
which sometimes indeed seemed to verify the asser-

tion that " great wits to madness nearly are allied,"

to wonder at the limited amount of worldly success
which fell to his share. He belonged, in an artistic
sense, to that school who have lately been repre-
sented amongst us in a literary form. Because his
visions and imaginings were clear to himself, he
fancied they must be equally clear to the perception
of others, and the words in which he attempted to
explain his meaning were of themselves more unin-
telligible than what they attempted to unravel.
The imaginative side of Blake's character was, how-
ever, so unequally balanced by his other qualities,
that he is scarcely to be measured by ordinary stan-
dards. The implicit faith with which he cherished
his "Visions," of itself indicates something not
quite sound in the mental sphere, however great
the artistic genius, and however admir-
able the moral qualities. These characteristics
brought to the faithful and singleminded votaries
of his art their natural reward, and a touching
anecdote is told of Blake's tranquil and happy old
age A lovely child of wealthy parents was one
day brought to Blake, sitting in his worn clothes,
amidst poverty, decent indeed, but only one degree
above absolute bareness. He looked at her very
kindly for a long while without speaking, and then,
stroking her head and long ringlets, said, ' May
God make this world to you, my child, as beautiful
as it has been to me !" A contemporary has hap-
pily said of Blake that " He saw everything through
Art, and, in matters beyond its range, exalted it
from a witness into a judge." Blake was a poet,
too, as well as a painter, and some selections from
his verses are given in this notice. We are sur-
prised that his lines on the " Tiger" have not been
included, as they rank among his best for vigour
and conciseness. The writer of this article has
transferred to his pages some illustrations of Blake's
engravings, and by this novel mode he enables the
reader who has not met with the " Life" to realise
the vigour and originality of his style. " Foster's
Biography of Sir John Eliot" gives rise to an ad-
mirable article, sketching an outline of the career of
one of those highminded patriots who preserved the
liberties of England against all tyrannical encroach-
ments. The original records of the Parliamentary
struggle of 1625 preserved by Sir John Eliot's own
hand are deeply interesting, and throw a most valu-
able light upon the history of the time. Sir John
Eliot, like many another high-souled patriot,
died in the Tower, but his resolute defence
of the Parliamentary liberties of England
have through a hundred channels left their mark
upon the civilised world. No more fitting biographer
of such a life could be found than Mr. Foster, and
the critic before us does full justice to his literary
service. Another author, who is naturally likely to
receive from the Quarterly fair and courteous con-
sideration, is the new translator of Homer. The
paper is written by one who is evidently well versed
in the original, and consequently well able to judge
not only of the general merits of the style, but the
particular fidelity of the translation. His criticism
is not undiscriminating ; in some parts he objects
to a phrase, in others to the construction of a whole
passage ; here he would alter a word, and there
omit or add a line ; but, on the whole, he ranks
Lord Derby's translation as far superior to the best
of his modern competitors. The Memoirs of Sir
Robert Wilson furnish an interesting article on
those eventful times, whose interest can never quite
die out for the existing generation. Sir Robert's
narrative is not entirely confined to the records of
war and diplomacy, to the desolation of Prussia or
the retreat from Moscow, but he gives in animated
and unaffected language his own impressions of the
courts, countries, and peoples that passed in rapid
succession under his observant gaze. Epigrams are
popular things, though good ones, like most good
things, are undeniably rare. Whoever is curious on
the subject will find some of the best extant, more
especially of the classical school in an essay on seve-
ral collections. The political article of the number
treats of " The United States as an Example," and
setting aside any peculiarity of political views, it
expresses very justly and forcibly the prevailing
sentiments of the English people. With reference
to the vexed question of slavery, the writer says
very truly that there are those among us who still
imagine that the war is a crusade on behalf of the
negro, and " there are agitators, too, who never
lifted their hand against slavery while the North
protected it, but who now turn the honest fana-
ticism of the abolitionist to the profit of a demo-
cratic agitation. "It is very idle," he adds, "to
attempt to convince such men that the North are
not fighting against slavery, and that if slavery
should suddenly cease to exist, the South would not
lay down its arms." More forcible than any such
reasoning, however, is the answer which he draws
from the columns of the New York Times, Mr.
Lincoln's recognised organ, which in December last
distinctly denied that the North was fighting for
slavery. " The South would buy triumph to-
morrow, if it could, by a complete sacrifice of
slavery. It would not yield though it could take a
bond of fate that by yielding it would save slavery.
There seems to be substantial agreement both by
Jeff. Davis and his opponents of every shade, that
the sole object of the South is to vindicate, and
for ever establish, State independence and sove-
reignty." In another passage from the same journal
the case is still more positively stated." The North,
though it may destroy slavery in waging war, does
not wage war to destroy slavery. * * * In no
form or degree is the adherence of the South to
slavery a part of our casus belli." In face of such
unmistakable language as this put forth by the
organ of the President himself at a time when he
was endeavouring to obtain his re-election, it is
difficult to see upon what ground our English abo-
litionists rest their plea for the North. The manner
in which the Federal generals and the Federal
statesmen have conducted the war is denounced in
terms which must find an echo in every unprejudiced
mind. It is truly said that the precedents that have
been set in this war have rolled back for two cen-
turies the progress which civilisation had made in
taming the savage passions of mankind. War was
becoming, under the influence of opinion, more and
more a conflict between armed men alone. Under
the example of such men as Grant and Gilmore,
Sheridan and Sherman, it is reverting to the old
ruthless desolation of barbaric hordes—it is becom-
ing war against the unarmed citizen and the peace-
ful peasant—war against women and children—war
against the very existence of whole populations and
the industry of generations yet unborn. The ex-
traordinary tenacity with which our Peace-at-any-
price men still strive to uphold their idol is dwelt
upon with the satirical wonder which is its due. How
men who denounce war in any shape as absolutely
criminal can bring themselves to support the
promoters of the.most ruthless and barbarous con-
flict of modern times is certainly perplexing to
those who are unacquainted with the extravagance
of a political hobby. The article before us, in its
calm and moderate tone, deals fairly with such en-
thusiasts, while lamenting that Englishmen of any
party should have committed themselves to the ap-
proval of conduct that disgraces the civilisation of
our age.

Luttrell of Arran. By Charles Lever. Nos. XV.

and XVI. Chapman and Hall.
The history of Luttrell of Arran has now reached
a conclusion, and Kate Luttrell, after all her vicis-
situdes, finds herself established in her beloved
Arran as rightful mistress. The young heir, Harry
Luttrell returns unexpectedly, having been long
supposed to be dead, but he persuades Kate still to
retain her dominion as his wife. Old Sir Within
Wardle falls, in his dotage, into the snares of a
designing lady, so that, after all, there is a Lady