The Sun.
London, England, 1862-05-26 00:00:00

N°. 21,811.

PUBLICATION :=.

NEW NOVEL BY THE ITON. C. S. SAVILE.
Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
WALTER LANGLEY.
By the Hon. C. STUA ITT SAME.
Also now ready, in 3 vols.,
OWEN. By the Author of " High Church," &c.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

NEW SCHOOL-BOOK BY THE AUTHOR OP " AMY
HERBERT."
In fcp. Svo., with 2 coloured Maps, price es.,
ANCIENT HISTORY of EGYPT, ASSYRIA,
and BABYLONIA. By ELIZABETH N. SEWELL,
Author of "Amy Herbert" and other Stories and Tales.
School-Books by the same Author.
A FIRST HISTORY of GREECE, 3s. 6
The CEI I LD'S FIRST HISTORY of ROME, 2s. 6d.
BISTORY of the EARLY CHURCH, 4s. 6d.
DICTATION EXERCISES (in Spelling), 18mo., Is.
CONTES FACILES, French Stories for Children, 3s. Od.
EXTRAITS CEIOISIS, longer French Selections, is.
London ; ',Original', Green, Longman, and Roberts.

NEW WORK BY THE AUTHOR OF " THORNDALE."
This day is published, in crown Bvo., price 7s. Cd.,
GRAVENHURST; or, Thoughts on Good and
Evil.
By WILLIAM SMITH.
By the same Author,
THORNDALE ; or, the Conflict of Opinion.
Second Edition, crown Bvo., price 10s. 6d. cloth.
Wm. Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.

This Day, Octavo, 10s. Gd.,

►UHE SLAVE POWER, ITS CHARACTER,
1 CAREER, and PROBABLE DESIGNS, being an
attempt to explain the real issues involved in the American
Contest. _ _ .

By J. E. CAIRNES, A.M.,
Professor of' Jurisprudence and Political k.conomy in Queen's
College, Galway, and late Whately Professor of Political
Economy in the University of Dublin.
" Ever since I had the advantage of reading a part of your
MS. Lectures on Slavery, I have been anxious that you should
write on the subject, in a manner adapted to the general
reader, and with express reference to the American quarrel."
—J. S. MILL.

London: Parker, Son, and Bourn, West Strand,

MR. CHARLES KENT'S NEW POEMS.
Just published,

DR EA M LAN D. With other Poems.
By W. CHARLES KENT, Barrister-at-Law.

Fcap. Bvo., price ss,

" The author of 'Dream lan l' and Aletheia' has risen to a
height so very close to the summit of genius, that he may be
commiserated for his inability to grapple with the last peaks
of its elevation. There is abundance of talent, a delicate
taste, an endless richness and diversity of image, topic, and
illusion : the landscape is most luxurious ; and the music of
verse excellent."—Literary Budget.

"Mr. Kent has undeniable merits—warm and high-toned
feeling, a pleasant combination of grace and humour, and no
small power to individualise. Pope at Twickenham' is a
cabinet picture. `Marianne' will commend itself to all
mothers by its gush of parental tenderness, and its acquaint-
ance with baby wiles and mysteries. ' Fructidor' shows what
Dutch fidelity of word painting the author can master when
he tries. His fruit is as vivid and well characterised as if
Lance had painted it."—Athenaeum.
"The charm of Mr. Kent's poetry, as it is the first condi-
tion of success to all poets, is that he is in sympathy with his
subject and not only with himself ; that he is truly poet and
not egotist. Bnt it is by no means his only merit. He is a mas-
ter of versification. The flow or' his verse is smooth and me-
lodious, and enriched with a copious and ornate vocabulary.
Shelley at Marlow' is a painting exquisitely delicate. The
vision of Shelley with which Mr. Kent presents us is almost
perfect. 'DREAMLAND is a work conceived in a noble
spirit, and executed with scholarly taste, freently with
flashes of true poetic inspiration. Ihe Dying Bridegroom'
is distinguished by a genuine pathos, which leads us to be-
lieve that Mr. Kent would succeed eminently in some story
of the affections."—The London Review.

"Mr. Kent's poems come before the world with the advan-
tage, not only of an author's name, but of a name already
agreeably and musically known in the metrical literature of
the day. His `Aletheia' was very favourably received by the
public, and has no doubt been the companion of many
thoughtful readers who will gladly welcome another volume
from his pen. A series of portraits drawn with true poetic
sympathy and veneration, The best of all, we think, is that
of Scott. There is something in the lines that will remind
the reader of the chime of Scott's own verse."—John Bull.
" Verses, many of them extremely tender and harmonious,
and all indicating a mind carefully cultured and imbued with
elegant tastes."—Daily News.
" Poems of very considerable excellence. Frnctidor 'is a
very close and vigorous word-painting of an orchard. Mr.
Kent's volume is healthy and vigorous in sentiment, correct
in composition, and contains many happy touches of true
fancy, very gracefully expressed."—The Critic.
" The pictures Mr. Kent makes are carefully drawn and
effectively coloured. His work is on the whole in good taste.
It possesses the undeniable, yet, in these days, rare merit of
intelligibility, and is, moreover, very readable."—The Art-
World.

" We like some of Mr. Kent's minor poems even better than
Dreamland.' He is a real poet, unquestionably, and often
versifies with extreme felicity. Of his poetic power the
Monody on Lord Strangford ' affords ample proof while
his capacity to make word-music is shown in • The Morris
Dance s.' "—The Press.

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENT MAY 26, 1862,

LITER 17 URE.

the Natuno. Islands were caught by the natives and
roasted alive. They are clever traders and even
the Chinese find it difficult to cheat them ; but their
agricultural operations are of a _very simple cha-
racter. From the following trait one could
imagine that they held in high esteem truthfulness
and integrity.—

Iffe in the _Forests of the Far _East. By Spencer
St. John. 2 vole. Smith, Elder, and Co.
There is a material difference between this
wox k and many of those on foreign travel and
adventure, which have of :ate years come before
the public, inasmuch as the writer is not a mere
destroyer of game, whose ambition, rnsatisfia
with the death of the hares and partridges of his
native land, can only be satiated by that of the
elephant, the tiger, or the boar ; but one who,
thinking that " the proper study of mankind is
man," penetrated the pathless forests of Borneo,
and made the acquaintance of some of the inland
tribes, who never before had seen a white man's
face. For this exploration, Mr. St. John's posi-
tion at the time, as Consul-General for Borneo,
gave him unusual facilities. Still there was con-
siderable risk. The hobby of the "noble savage"
of Borneo is not the collecting of books, snuff
boxes, or pictures, but heads; and of the very
unceremonious manner in which he helps himself
to those trifles, without asking leave of the owners,
there are some curious anecdotes scattered through
the volumes. Head hunting and piracy were (and
still are in come districts), as is well known, the
amiable weaknesses of the natives, till Rajah
Brooke settled among them, and roused them from
this blissful state of existence, much to the in-
dignation of certain English philanthropists.
Nevertheless, of their natural capacity the author
speaks in favourable terms. What they want is
security for life and property, and their progress
then would be rapid. Indeed nothing, in its way,
can be much more wonderful than the change
wrought in some of the tribes by the influence
of Rajah Brooke—a change which the very prompt
succour they afforded him, on the occasion of the
Chinese insurrection, proved to be perfectly genuine.
A considerable part of Mr. St. John's work
is taken, almost literally, from journals kept
by him on his expeditions, thus ensuring
the utmost fidelity; and we will proceed
to touch on some of the peculiarities of the tribes
and country seen by him. The part of Borneo he ex-
plored was on the north-western coast, and the first
tribes he visited were the Sea Dayaks. These, it
seems, are the most numerous and warlike, as well
as most intelligent of the Dayaks; and the author
considers there is a great prospect of their advance-
ment in civilisation. Boa constrictors infest this
part of the country, though the size they attain
does not seem to be excessive. The largest the
author himself killed measured 14 feet, and the
largest skin he measured was 26 feet in length.
Pork is the dainty these reptiles love, and some-
times" not wisely but too well." Thus," a boa one
night got into a closely-latticed place under a
Dayak house, and finding it could not drag away
a pig which it had killed there, on account of the
wooden bars, swallowed the beast on the
spot. In the morning the owner was astonished
to find the new occupant of the sty ; but, as the
reptile was gorged, he had no difficulty in destroy-
ing it. Its body was brought to Sarawak and
measured by Mr. Ruppell, when it was found to
be 19 feet in length." The wild pig does not
always gracefully submit to the embraces of its
constrictor friend. "I one day," says the author,
" came upon a spot where ground was torn up for
a circle of eight or nine feet, and the branches
around were broken. The boar, however, had evi-
dently succumbed, as se could trace with ease the
course it had been dragged through the jungle.
We followed a little distance, but evidently no one
was very anxious in pursuit. I knew the animal
killed on this occasion to be a boar, from finding
his broken tusk half buried in the ground." Alli-
gators also invest the rivers with interest, the
forests swarm with leeches, and food seems often
very difficult to be procured. Thus travelling in Bor-
neo is not all pleasure. Among the Sea Dyaks the
Sakareng tribe appears to advantage. Their wo-
men are " the handsomest among the Dayaks of
Borneo ; they have good figures, light and elastic ;
with well formed busts and very interesting, even
pretty faces ; with skin of so light a brown as to
be almost yellow, yet a very healthy looking yel-
low, with bright dark eyes and long glistening
black hair." Whilst the men " are clean built, up-
right in their gait, and of a very independent bear-
ing," as well as remarkable for their strength and
activity. Their stature, however, is short, five feet
three being the average. The anowit Dayaks,
however, are by no means so prepossessing. CH-
nniinn CAC TC/1:1 Vl.lo.l,ltr,Win hu, t h -•-,••••••••••-•11
their eyelashes, and "draw down the lobes of their
ears to their shoulders by means of heavy lead ear-
rings."
The following is a sample of
THE AMENITIES OF SAVAGE LIFE.
" One afternoon, it being a very warm day, we were re-
clining on our mats, when a burst of wailing and howling
around us told that bad news had been received. One of
the chief's brothers had returned from the interior and
brought the following intelligence :—lt appeared that about
two years and a halt ago a younger brother, longing to see
the world,had started off to the sources of the Kapuas river,
which ultimately falls into the sea at Pontianah, a Dutch
settlement, taking with him 13 young men. He travelled
on till he reached a Kayan tribe with whom his people
were friends, and stayed with them for a few months. One
day their hosts started on a head hunting expedition, and
invited some of their guests to accompany them. The lat-
ter never returned, having all been killed by the Kayans
themselves, why or wherefore it is impossible to tell, but it
is supposed that having failed in their head hunt, and being
ashamed to return to their women without these trophies,
they had fallen upon their guests • their remaining com-
panions being in a neighbouring village escaped."
It seems that a custom formerly prevailed in this
tribe, when a death occurred in a family, for the
head of it to sally out and unburden his " o'er
fraught heart," by killing the first person he met,
" even if it were a brother ;" but this practice is now
abolished. Their chief offensive weapon is the
blow-pipe, some seven or eight feet long; the
wounds inflicted by which,with poisoned arrows, are
deadly. Thus, Mr: Johnson, who was forced to
attack the Kanowit tribe from their having mur-
dered two Englishmen, " lost thirty men by wounds
from the poisoned arrows. He found the bodies of
Dayaks, who had gone out as skirmishers, without
a mark, beyond the simple puncture, where a drop
of blood rested on the wound." The social life of
the sea Dayaks presents some curious features.
Thus they " spare the rod and spoil the child" upon
principle. They "prefer male children, and the more
mischievous and boisterous they are when young,
the greater delight they afford their parents. The
observation "He is very wicked," is the greatest
praise. They indulge them in everything, and at
home give way to their caprices in an extraordinary
manner." They are also very hospitable, and they
show it by presenting their guests with " fish that
emits a very high scent, or eggs of a very ancient
date." At the marriage ceremony, " after the heads
of the affianced have been knocked against each
other three or four times, the bridegroom puts the
prepared siri leaf and the cigar into the mouth of
the bride, while she does the same to him, whom
she thus acknowledges as her husbtod." "Light
come, light go," says the proverb, and divorce is
easy. " Many men and women have been married
'Seven or eight times before they find the partner
with whom they desire to spend the rest of their
lives." Still, even here, jealousy is not unknown.
If a married man " be found flirting with another
woman, the wife may inflict a severe thrashing
on her, but only with sticks, while, if the
offending woman have a husband, he may
do the same to the man. To escape these
domestic broils, he generally starts off into the
jungle, and pretends to, or really does, go head
hunting." They believe in one supreme God, also
in good and evil spirits, and in omens, of which
latter the principal is the "killing a pig and exa-
mining its heart, which is supposed to foretell
events with the utmost certainty ;" but the follow-
ing seems to be their great ceremony :
" A head feast consists in a general meeting of the tribe
in the man's house who gives the entertainment. He pre-
pares for it two or three months before it takes place, col-
lecting fish, fowls, eggs, plaintains, and other fruits, and
in manufacturing an intoxicating drink from rice. When
all these things are ready, poles are cut of various lengths,
one for each of the heads that may be there to be rejoiced
over ; there are also fantastically-shaped wooden birds,
which undergo various evolutions in the house,and after the
feast is over are placed on the top of the before-mentioned
poles,with their heads turned in the direction of the enemies'
country. The people, dressed in their best clothes, collect
in the house and commence the feast by all the youthful
portion of the community engaging in cock-fighting—real
cock-fights, too often with very formidable steel spurs. They
are very partial to this amusement, and will go far and pay
much for a good bird, and will bet heavily on a well-known
cock.
" After some hours engaged in this amusement, they
commence drinking and eating, a pert of the ceremony
which does not entice the European stranger, nor can the
peculiar smell increase his appetite. It is an extraordinary
accumulation of food—fowls roasted with their feathers on
and then torn joint from joint ; eggs black from age, de
cayed fruit,
approachingrice of al eo la() u
staters def kinds,rottenness, strong
andh smellingt their
fish, almost
drink having the appear‘ance and thickness of curds, in
which they mi
popper and other ingredients. It has a
sickening effect upon
they relish
uthneomt j. and they swallow i t more a
ofs a
duty
t. Before they have added any
extraneous matter it i
unpleasant, havingsomething
the taste of spruce-beer."
Head hunting
rlh'heeayds instead!' Still it is not all pro-
appears to be a kind of passion
say, " The white men read books,
wwiethhuthnetmfo.
pro-
fit. A party on an ozeursion of this kind to one of

It was a conception worthy of a true poet to show the
depth of his sympathy for the Great Masters of English
Song, by dev..tinr; the outpourings of his Muse to their
special illustration. There is not one of the many pictures
here collected which is not perfect in all its parts—whether
we consider he sentiment by whioh it i 11 epircd, the truth
of tho 100,a colour, or the beauty of the setting. With a
thorough appreciation of character, Mr. Kent combines an
admirable descriptive power and a masterly command of
most mellifluous verse, so that. while the mind is fully
gratified, the senses—so to speak—are equally charmed."—
Bentley's Miscellany.
ALETHEIA ; OR, THE Doom or MYTHOLOGY.
With Other Poems. By the same Author. New Edition.
Fcap. Bvo., price ss.
London : Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.

TESTIMONIALS.
"There is a custom existing among the Dayaks of
the Batang Lupar which I have not heard of elsewhere.
Beside one of the paths in the Undup district there are
several heaps of sticks; and in other places of stones, called
tambun bula," or lying heaps. Each heap is in remem-
brance of some man who has told a stupendous lie, or dis-
gracefully failed in carryingout an engagement; and every
passer-by takes a stick or a stone to add to the accumulation,
saying at the time he does it, "For so-and-so's lying heap."
It goes on for generations, uttil they sometimes forget who
it was that told the lie; but, notwithstanding that, they
continue throwing the stone." _

Those supposed special interventions of Provi-
dence, to prove innocence or guilt, called ordeals,
also find favour with them. Thus, two lumps of
salt of equal weight are placed in water, and that
which melts first points out the guilt of? the pos-
sessor, or two land shells are placed in a plate and
lemon juice squeezed over therm, when "the one that
moves first shows the guilt or innocence of the
owner, according as they have settled previously
whether motion or rest is to prove the case."
There is also the ordealof dipping the hand in boil-
ing water or oil; as well as of the two persons dip-
ping their heads under water, when guilt displays
itself by shortness of breath. In these matters
they seem to be on a par with the Europeans of the
middle ages. The Land Dayaks, among whom
the author next travelled hale also some peculiari-
ties
NO ACCOUNTING LE TASTE.
"We got a little ienpite whiletoain4 out clituwr, but as
soon as we had finished wo were again surrounded ; the
priestesses of the place were especially active, tying little
bells round our wrists and ancles, and bringing rice for us
to—how shall I explain it—in fact, fa? us to spit on, and
this delectable morsel they swallowed. No sooner had these
kat ned women been satisfied than parents brought their
children, and insisted upon their being physicked in the
same way, taking care to have a full share themselves. One
horrid old woman actually came six times."

1)R. CTTLVERWELL'S LAST NEW WORK,
OURSELVES.
On Spermatorrhcea, Syphilis, Stricture, Hemorrhoids
Gleets, Nervous Debility, Palpitation, &c„ &C.

MARRIAGE :
Its Expectances and Disapp-irtments.
Impediments removed, and Healthy Offspring secured.
Price is., by post is. Id. ; of Mann, 29, Cornhill ; or Author,
3, Great Marlborough-street, Oxford-street, W.
Consultations daily from 12 a.m. till 9 p.m.

Just pub fished, containing 190 pages, with 100 Engravings,
free by post, 12 stamps, sealed 20 stamps,

THE SILENT FRIEND, the Greatest Medical
Work of the Age, or Youthful Indiscretions and conse-
quell Impediments to Marriage, describing the Anatomy of
the Reproductive System in health and disease, and pointing
out the sure means of perfect restoration to manhood ; with
an Essay on Single and Married Life, containing his Pre-
scription known as the Preventive Lotion, precluding the
possibility of contamination. Address R. and L. PERRY and
Co., .9, R rners-street. Oxford-street, W. Attendance daily,
from 10 till 8; Sundays, 11 till 2, by a Consulting Surgeon,
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (Regis-
tered under the Ncw Medical Act).

That many of these tribes are by no means scrupu-
lous, the following will show

SHARP PRACTICE.

" A large party went on an expedition to the Island of
Banguey, where they anchored opposite a village and com-
menced trading, being, they said, particula'ly anxious for
tripang, or edible sea-slug. The fishermen dispersed in
quest of this article, but hc.d no sooner gone than the crews
of the prahus landed, surprised the village; killed or drove
away the few men that remained, and captured about
twenty-eight women and children. This tittle incident
wasyoun moubcrhidtea?
justked of at
etdheoutirfeo,r asa wedding,they
loaded with all managed to seize a
the gold ornaments of the village. This young girl, con-
trary to their usual custom, was, it is said, put up to
auction by her captors, as she was too valuable to be one
man's share."
In the remainder of the work we have an account of
two ascents of the lofty mountain of Kina Balu ;
Chinese in Borneo, to-
of an expedition up the river Limbang ; of the
of Sarawak and its
dkgeeinpthgeendrdomewnictoihefsdß;eotaarnnicilesoooff'Fpe
ttrhhoeeinrs;urreetion, and a dis-
quisition on the Roman Catholic and Protestant
Missions. The author's remarks upon the latter
arc extremely sensible, and are worthy of the espe-
cial` attention of those whose calling it is to convert
the heathen. There are also some excellent litho-
contribution to our
and remarkable
country,
pkg
Irnaaoupwthslseodfogfteh
oet
fhi
seal a nay,ueodtmi; vpaeasnr,
da
icaveseni
year
unknown
and a most peculiar people, it would be difficult to
estimate the work too highly.

THE ARMY.

VALETTA, May 21.—The only arrival here of n
man-of-wai since I last wrote is that of the Trident,

TOZEAU'S COPAHINE MEGE.—Copaiba and
Cubebs are doubtless the best remedies, but are of a re-
pulsive taste and odour, and occasion collicky pains, nausea,
and gastric disturbance. M. Jozeau has succeeded in render-
ing them perfectly innocuous by increasing. all their curative
properties. It has been adopted by the Paris Academy of
Medicine after more than a thousand trials in Paris and the
different London hospitals, viz., St. Thomas's, Guy's. and
St. Bartholomew's, under the care of Messrs. Lloyd, Poland,
and Legros Clark.—(Lancet, Nov. 6, 1857). The Copahine,
which is in form of a pretty pink sugar plum, effects a sure in
about six days. 100 Capsules, 4s. 6d.; post tree, ss. 2d.— At
G. JOZ EATJ'S, French Chemist, 49, Haymarket, London;
22, Rue St. Quentin, Paris; and all Chemists.

TRIESEMAR, the THREE DAYS' CURE, in
the FORII of a LOZENGE.

3, Commander C. J. Balfour, this morning from
Corfu. She left that place on the 18th inst. with
mails for this island. Rumour says she is to proceed
to Naples. It is also reported that the Queen, 86,

which had proceeded to the Piraeus from Corfu with

he Hon. H. Elliot, is to come down here with the

Duke of Saxe Coburg, The London, 86, Amphion,
36, Malacca, 17, and Gannet, 11, at present in
Malta harbour, are all ready for sea, and expect to

TRIESEMAIt No. I.
a certain remedy for relaxation, Spermatorrhma, and the con-
sequence-0 arising from early abuse, ind'scriminate excesses,
&c. _ .

TRIESEMAR No. 11.
effectually eradicates in three days all traces of Gonorrhoea,
both in its mild and aggravated forms, gleets, strictures, irri-
tation of the bladder, pains of the loins and kidneys, and all
min 3-genital diseases.
TRIESEMAR No. 111.
the great Continental Remedy for syphilis and secondary
symptoms. TRIESEMAR, No. 1,2, and 3, are prepared in the
form of a lozenge, devoid taste or smell, to insure secresy.
Price lls., or four cases in one for 335.,
in £5 cases at a saving of £1 12s. which saves lie., and
To be had direct from " Medicus," Member of the Royal
College of Surgeons of England. who may be consulted daily
from ii till 2, and from 6 till 8, Sundays till 1,44 A, Maddox-
street, Regent-street, London, W Agents—Barclay, 75j, Farrigdo.n-street ,• Newbury, 45, St.
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er 43, King
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DR. CURTIS' BIEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD:
t MEP ICAL ESSAY ON SPER MATO RRIICE NEnVOUS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, &c-
-!ust Published,velo the 150th thousand, with numerous plates.
in a sealed enpe, price Is., Sold by all Bookselle'rs, and
sent post paid, by the Author, for 12 stamps,
ANHOOD: the CAUSE and CURE of PRE-
'II MATURE DECLINE IN MAN, with Plain Directions
Restoration to Health and Vigour. By Dr, J. L.
r Perfect
A.bermarle-street, Piccadilly, London.
na•rts, 15, •
CON TENTS :

Physiologioal
INTRODUCTORY CII APT ER on the
Structure and Functions of the Reproductive Or
CAPTER ll.—Causes of Spermatorrheca anTIM
H
'anis, Vicious Indulgences; Dangers of Neglect. potence;
CHAPTER, lII.—A Review of the various Disqualifications
Marriage; whether vaulting from Youthful Abuse, the
Follies of Maturity, the l,:flects of Climate, or Infection.
cuArnnts IV. end V. on the modern Treatment of
lonorrhoca and Syphilis.
The Book cmcludes with numerous varied and interesting
aces, to which is added the Author's recipe of a preventive
otion.

be sent up shortly to join the Admiral at Corfu.
The Malacca will probably take up the next over-
land mail from Marseilles, due here on the 23d inst,

We have news of the safe arrival at Tripoli of the

little gunboat Growler, with Messrs. Gibson and
Preece on board. She arrived there at 2 p.m. on

the 19th inst., after a very rough passage from
Malta of nearly four days. Major-Gen. Wood,
C. 8., Major-Gen. Bates, Capt. Hudgeon, Mr. Fitz-
george, and Mrs. Wood, who had gone to Corfu in
the Marlborough some weeks ago for a trip, returned
by the Trident. The Italian corvette Tripoli, Capt.
F. Caffiero, went out at 2 o'clock a.m. of the 17th
inst., and returned into port on the following morn-

ing. It is supposed the object of her short absence
wets to avoid any unpleasantness occurring during
the excitement in connection with the departure of
the Maltese Bishop for Rome. Mr. Alcock, our

PRICE..... ...4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

General, complained to Lieut.-Col. Mann, Town
Major, who has promised to communicate with the
military at Maker.

The following circular upon the prospects of
American trade has just been published :
" MANCUESTER, May 23.
" Gentlemen,—The real gravity of the American
civil war has come at last to be generally under-
stood, and we had hoped that we should nut find it
necessary to enter again into the political aspects
of the cotton question.
" For the first 10 months of the war the pre-
vailing ideas, against which we contended in order
to awaken our friends to a true estimate of the criti-
cal position of the cotton trade, and the necessity of
procuring supplies elsewhere than from America—
were, as regards one party, that the Northern people
were not in earnest, that they had no military
strength, that their system of finance would speedily
break down, and that they would then cry out for
peace; and, as regards the other party, that the
resources of the North were so enormous, when com-
pared with those of the South, that the war could
not last more than a very few months. Differing on
every other point, the partisans of both sides in the
contest agreed in this—that the war would be
speedily over. 30 to 60 days were generally as-
signed to its termination, and the longest term
granted was 90 days. Especially was it demon-
Stratea fo be entirely impossible that the North
could support an expenditure of two, three, or four
millions of dollars per day for a longer term, or
make paper currency a legal tender, without driving
gold to a fabulous premium, and the Government
bonds to a proportionate discount ; and practical
men,' who combated these views, relying upon the
vast material resources, ingenuity, and force of will
of twenty millions of Anglo-Saxons, were commi-
serated for their ignorance of the true principles of
finance.

Minietor at Japan, arrived to-day in the Valetta
from Alexandria, on his way to England. There
is also on board a Japanese envoy to the Embassy
now in London. Mr. Alcock is on his way to Eng-
land. He leaves to-night in the same ship.
The conversion of the Royal Sovereign to a shield
ship, on Capt. Coles's principle, at Portsmouth, is
progressing with great rapidity. Her timbers on
each side, as far forward as the second bow port,
have been cut down level with the lower deck
beams, filled in between theie ends, and a teak
plank sheer, or sheer strake, 18in. by 17in. bolted
on her sides fore and aft. This strake is rabitted,
to receive the upper ends of the two layers of diago-
nal plankin g,with which it is intended to strengthen
her frame under her armour-plates, extending 15ft.
downward from her plank sheer. These layers of
diagonal planking will be of 4in. and 3in. respec-
tively, and will, of course, be outside the original
outer planking of the ship. On this diago-
nal planking will be hung the Sin. armour-
plates that aNill protect the hull of the ship.
All fastenings at the back of the armour-
plates will be of iron, but below the armour
they will be of copper, as ordinarily used. The
ship's stern frame is down, and will be replaced by
one of a very different construction, the exposed and
weak stern of the three-decker being replaced in
this instance by a " pink" stern, of comical form—
the well for lining the screw being abolished, and
the rudder well housed and protected from an
enemy's shot. Internally a dozen of the ship's lower
deck beams are out of their position, and landed ;
and the bolts of others in line with the intended po-
sition of the shield-towers are driven out, in readi-
ness for landing them also. The second tower, from
forward, will rest upon the fore stokehole hatchway
and the third tower must rest upon the engine-room
hatchway, next the after part of the funnel. Any
draught or ventilation required for engine-room and
furnaces must of necessity pass through the towers.
It is asserted by many that this arrangement will
prove a serious drawback upon the efficiency of the
ship when in action, as the down draught through
the shield and towers will carry down the gases
evolved by the burning of the powder when firing
the guns, and probably extinguish the fires in the
furnaces. We can give no opinion upon the matter ;
but it is asserted by officers who were present in
the attack of the allied fleets upon the sea defences
of Sebastopol, that a similar difficulty was fully
s•nnl:clnA 44...4 -- - - • tub- -
far better system of ventilation than the Royal So-
vereign can have as at present arranged.
The Industry screw storeship, Master Commander
C. I. Hodges, arrived at Portsmouth on Saturday
from Rio Janeiro, whence she sailed on the 13th of
February, calling in at Ascension on the 3d April,
and at St. Vincent's on the 27th.
The Curacoa, 31, screw frigate, Capt. A. Philli-
more, whose arrival at Spithead from the South
East Coast of America was announced in The Sun
of Saturday, sailed from Rio for England on the
30th March, and signalled the following vessels on
her passage. On the 24th April, in lat 75 N, long
36 50W, the English ship Hamilton, and the French
ship Commerce de Paris ; on the 12th May, in lat 37
39 N, long 37 3W, the English vessel Sarah Bridget;
on the 15th, in lat 41 22 N, long 28 36 W, an Eng-
lish vessel showing 3d distinguishing pennant and
No. 3,706. The Curacoa was officially inspected at
Spithead on Saturday, and is ordered into Ports-
mouth to dismantle and be paid out of commission.
The paddlewheel steamer Terrible, 22, 800-horse
power, belonging to the steam reserve in the Med-
way, having been found in an exceedingly rotten
and unsatisfactory condition, is now having her
engines and machinery removed, preparatory to
being fitted as a harbour ship.
_

Sunsets and Sunshine. By Erskine Neale, M.A.
Longman and Co.
A great deal of interesting matter is contained
in this book, relating more especially to the last
hours of well known characters deceased within a
comparatively recent period. From the notice of
William Hone (author of the "Every Day Book,"
&c.), we extract the following anecdote, on the
authority of a lady friend :
TALLY-HO I
" In the morning of October 6, 1834, the Times was laid,
as usual, on many a breakfast table,
" Since dusk on the preceding evening the Houses of
Parliament had been burnt down ; and lo I in the columns
of the paper appeared an article historical, architectural,
and antiquarian, respecting them. Sharing in the general
excitement, and going out to hear and see, I met Mr. Hone.
Recurring to the recent event, I told him of my astonish-
ment at the masterly article in the Times, extemporised as
by magic. He coloured and smiled.
You wrote it,' said I.
" ' I did : you did not know that this morning we were
atc LU Lie,. Oct.. er3.4k, •
my rent. I had tried every means I could think of in vain.
I came home weary and sad. I could not bear the sight of
'my family. One of my children ran in crying out, Oh
father, the House of Commons is on fire ; the coachman
says he saw it.' I went down immediately to the end of the
lane to catch the coach on its return, for I saw my way
clear if it were so. There the report was fully confirmed.
I saw the smoke. Everybody was running off to the fire,
but I was not going to do that. I went home, called for
tea, and candles, and plenty of coals, took down ' Stowe's
Survey of London,' and my own books, the Every Day
Book,' and the Table Book,' the only ones I had, and by
six in the morning I had written the article you have seen.
I went to the editor of the Times with it (he knows me very
well), and I asked him, What will you give me for this ?'
' Ten guineas,' said he, ' and the same to-morrow and the
next day for more of the same sort.' "
" And so his rent was paid, and a little left in hand to go
on with. It was said that the fire was caused by burning
pieces of wood called ' Tallies.' Of these he gave a history
on one of the following days, and ended the article, to the
amazement of many, with the words, ' and now Tally-ho
" Meeting him again that morning I asked what it meant.
There was a mixture of archness and confusion in his
countenance as he replied, To tell you the truth I don't
know, but I was tired of the subject.' So were not the
public, for letter after letter appeared in the Times in-
quiring what ' Tally-ho' meant, and what the writer's ob-
ject was in using that word. But the correspondents of
the Times had it all their own way, for not a word more
would Hone say about it."

TILE COTTON 77? LE.

The Resources of Turkey. By J. Lewis Farley.

" But a great deal has been learned during
the past three months. It has at last been dis-
covered that the North is really in earnest. That
the nation is staking its all upon the issue of
this contest, and that ' its all' means larger re-
sources than have ever before been actively em-
ployed in war by any Power. It has also been
found that there was room in the country for the in-
crease of paper circulation authorised, and that the
perfect unanimity and confidence of the people de-
feated those who speculated on a financial crisis, and
carried United States stocks to a premium. Con-
siderable as was our own faith in the national re-
sources, we confess that, if we may judge by pre-
sent appearances, we under-estimated them.
"At the same time it must be said for the
Southerns, that, considering the enormous force
brought against them, they have maintained their
ground better than could have been anticipated.
Had it been believed at the beginning of this
struggle that they would have to contend against a
force of 700,000 men, and an expenditure on the
part of their enemies of two hundred million ster-
ling per annum, it could not have been supposed
that 13 months after the commencement of the war
they would still be encamped within 80 miles of
the Federal capital.
"Those who at the beginning of this struggle
looked for a long contest relied not upon a presumed
equality of the combatants in men, money, ships,
or war material—not upon any presumption that
the Southern leaders would be able to make a pro-
tracted stand at any point upon which the attack-
ing power of the North might be concentrated, but
solely upon the physical difficulties in the way of
overrunning, subduing, and governing when sub •
dued, a country of 800,000 square miles, occupied by
a determined, bitterly hostile, and scattered popu-
lation. Large as the Federal army is, it would not
....en. von ncimo.vo mile the.
country which it is prbposed to occupy. This fact
is well known to the Confederate leaders; and upon
this, doubtless, is their ultimate reliance based.
Their half-dozen ports therefore may, and very
probably will, be occupied, including Richmond
itself ; and some 300,000 of their people,
chiefly consisting of women, children, and old men
be thus transferred from a condition of active to
one of passive resistance to Federal authority
and their ability to keep large armies supplied with
munitions of war may be restricted within nar-
rower limits than heretofore.
" All this may happen without affording the
slightest prospect of the people laying down their
arms, and either returning into a partnership they
detest, or placing their country in the position of a
conquered province.
" We fear that the Federal occupation of the ports,
though it may lead to a petty trade in the import of
articles wanted in those markets, and possibly to
the export of some small quantity of cotton held in
the towns or the immediate neighbourhood thereof,
will only the more hermetically seal the mass of the
nation from intercourse with the outer world, and
the more effectually tend to that disorganisation of
trade in the interior which has already decided the
planters to reduce to a bagatelle their production of
cotton. It is not probable that the men who have
ordered the burning of the cotton already at New
Orleans will allow further supplies to be sent there;
that the men who have destroyed their steamers to
prevent their falling into the hands of their enemies
will send down others loaded with cotton, trusting
to the tender mercies of the same enemies. Nor, on
the other hand, that the Federals will soon have suf-
ficient faith in the friendly and pacific tendencies of
and
river landings to trust trading steam
under the stars and stripes to their hospitable. prho-
the inhabitants of the interior towns, villages, and
tection when seeking cargoes of cotton. Until t e
Federal Government not only holds the ports by
military force, but :converts the people to a
and
con-
tented acquiescence in that arrangement,
in the payment of duties according to the Mor-
rill Tariff, for the benefit of the Northern
terior to pay
ex-
chequer, it is not very easy to see how a healthy ex-
change of commodities can spring up. Should
steamers be found to carry their cotton, who will
a authorities
thhiomr istei himself
sailing
insure it against war risk on the rivers ? What fac-
torfor cotton,
art
articles
sl
o r receive the
commodities cotton
will andth compromisee FeFederal
e r al
with the Confederate Government by entering into
what they stigmatise as a traitorous trade ? What
while clothing and provisions ofall ' kinds would
Probably be carried immediately
allow to be sent into the in
to the rebel armies
in the field ? If the Federal authorities enable the
rebels' to exchange their cotton, which they do not
want, for those articles so essential to the support
of their armies, they may protract the war indefi-
nitely. On every si •
de the question is beset with
unfathomable difficulties,•
and it is to be hoped that
those who are engaged in procuring cotton from
other
countries will not relax their efforts in conse-
quence of recent events in America.
" The downward progress of the stocks of Ame-
rican cotton since the highest point of last year is
illustrated toughly by the following quarterly table,
to which we append the Liverpool quotation for
middling New Orleans cotton at the respective
dates :

Longman and Co.
Those who are interested in the commercial pro-1
gress of Turkey, or who have financial relations
with that country, will find this a very valuable
work. The former official position of the author in
Syria, and his having been Accountant-General of
the Bank of Turkey in 1860 and 1861, peculiarly
qualified him for the task he has undertaken ; and
he appears to have been greatly assisted by her
Majesty's Consuls throughout the Ottoman empire.
The result is a very complete exposition of the re-
sources of the country, " considered with especial
reference to the profitable investment of capital."
Statistics of the trade of each principal town are
given ; and the appendix contains the treaties of
commerce between Turkey and Great Britain of
1838 and 1861. Together with the Hatti-Huma-
yonn of Feb. 18, 1856.
••••••••••••••
Uses of Animals to Man. By E. Lankester, M.D.,
- -

F.R.S. Hardwick°, Piccadilly.
This is a series of twelve lectures, the first six of
which were delivered at the South Kensington
Museum, on " silk, wool, leather, bone, soap, waste,
sponges and corals, shell fish, insects, furs, feathers,
horns, hair, and animal perfumes." They are
treated in a pleasant and popular style, convey a
great amount of information, and are illustrated
with numerous woodcuts.

Shilling Edition of Standard Authors. Smith,

Elder, and Co.
The volumes now before us comprise "Lost and
Won," " Hawksview," " Cousin Stella," "Florence
Templar," and "Highland Lasses." They are very
neatly got up, are well printed, and are capital
volumes for railway reading.

The Tralee Chamber of Commerce, consisting,
with three exceptions, of Roman Catholics, have, by a
large majority, negatived the proposition to drink the
health of the Pope before the health of the Queen at their
public dinners.
A SCENE ON THE " SWEET WATERS."—On Fri-
day last a three-oared caique, containing a small party of
Turkish ladies, attended by a black female slave, was row-
ing up from the Horn towards the scene of the day's al
fresco enjoyment. Close behind them followed another
caique with two Effendis, whose attentions soon became
more marked than agreeable. Frequent efforts had been
made to shake them off—by quick rowing, by slow row-
ing, and by indignant appeals to them to pass on. Bat all
in vain ; they continued to dog the unappreciative fair ones
till the calque of the latter reached the landing-place
up in the Valley. There, as if finally won over to civility,
the black slave made signs to the amorous couple to ap-
proach. This they did, in the fond belief that they had at
last made an impression, and were about to have at least
a rendezvous ; but, instead, of vouchsafing this, the black
Abigail seized the boat•hook of her caique as they came
alongside, and soundly belaboured both amidst the loud
laughter of the crowding spectators before escape was
possible. They finally beat a rapid retreat down the river,
alternately hissed and laughed at till beyond the wooden
bridge,—Levant herald, May 14.
BENSON'S tWATCHES AND CLocKs..--" Perfection of
mechanism."—Morning Post. Gold watches, sto too guineas;
silver watches, 2 to 50 guineas. Benson's new Illustrated
Pamphlet, free for two stamps, descriptive of every construc-
tion of watch, enables persons in any part of the world to
select with the greatest certainty the watch est adapted to
their use. Watches sent free and safe by post on receipt of
a remittance.—J. W. Benson, 33 and 34, Ludgate-hill, 40 and
17, Coraill, Lynda, E.c.--Lotawitahed 1749.

March,'6l June. Sept. Dec. March,'62. May

In American
ports.... 750,000..100,000.. 50,000.. 30,000.. 30,000 ..20,000
Afloat and at
L'pool ..918,000..971,000..487,000, .240,000.

1,668,000 1,071,000 537,000 270,000 10,1,003 128,000
Price of mid-
dling 7ld. Bd. 91d. lid. 121 d. 121 d.
" There is, moreover, as large a decrease propor-
tionately in the stocks held in the Continentalports
and by spinners everywhere. The vacuum caused
by the non-receipt of the last crop is thus at last
showing itself seriously, in spite of the great reduc-
tion in consumption which has occurred here and
elsewhere. At Havre the present stock is 42,090
bales, against 290,000 last year.
" For so far it is to be regretted that the high

REVIEWS Ol' THE WORK.
"Curtis on Blanhood.—This and old a trulyvaluable wTimesork, ad
and
hould be in the hands of young ay ,"
harch, 1856.
The author has conferred a great boon by publishing this
tittle work, in which is described the source of those diseases
which produce decline in youth or more frequently prematurs
oh, age."—"Daily Telegraph," Maroli 27,1856.
This work, which for twenty years has stood the test of
professional criticism and empirical hostility, treats in a plain
and sympathising manner on the various disqualifications
and impediments arising from nervous excitement and de-
bility ; and to invalids suffering from youthful errors and
excesses it will be found valuable and useful."—Record.
Loudon ; Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick Lane, Pater-
noster-row; Mann, 29. Cornhill.
110Ur8 Col Consultation-710 to 0 and oto fil.; Sundays, 19 tlll2

7
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CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

.

IN EIN S PAPER-\
*
_4,11\ \--,A
4•4!t4 1 ti...V,i'''. ''' li,"4‘
of prices rfaich has pre Y, 141,17 --;--
~,otz
Alfa to attract an increase of , Ilt:V:lr9l°s'l ~.,4;
quarters. India seems to hay Atill&a L, '--Art
by the large shipments of last yea)h,Sicr el,. ‘..-
ments to Europe from Jan. 1 till latestlateilhovigi
a decrease of 100,000 bales, the figures being 251,000
bales against 351,000 last year. Hence, and from
the large proportionate consumption of Surat Cotton,
the stock at Liverpool of this description, which on
Jan. 1 last stood at 295,000 bales against 120,000
last year, is now reduced to 170,000 against
133,000 last year, while in the quantity afloat the
figures are still more unfavourable—viz., 184,000
bales against 258,000.

"From Egypt, Brazil. &c., there is a large prr-
centage of increase in the import for so fur this year;
but the positive inerease is not sufficieLt to 1-2
seriously felt in the trade. The figures arc 159,000
bales against 97,000 last year.
"In looking to the future, it would be vain to
attempt predictions of the course of prices. In the
present state of stocks, any considerable demand,
such as the indications from the Indian and other
markets would seem to point to, might seriously
force up prices. On the other hand, further Fede-
ral successes, such as there is every reason to anti-
pate, or the arrival of even a very few bales of
cotton from the South, would, with equal cer-
tainty, at least temporarily depress them. Upon a
broad view, however, of the enormous difficulties
which stand in the way of any satisfactory reopen-
ing of the American sources of supply, and the
llong delays which -must occur before the compli••
cated machinery of the trade is again re-adjusted,
even if terms of peace were already agreed upon,
the present price of cotton cannot be considered un-
reasonably high.

" We are very respectfully yours,
" NEILL BROTHERS."

PLYMOVTII, SATURDAY.
A file of the Cape Argus to April 8 brings intel-'
genee 16 days later than that by the mail steam-
ship Dane, which left March 23 and arrived here
on the Ist inst.

His ix,;(3lleney Governor Wodehouse visited
Malmesbury on March 26.
The military authorities have completely altered
the disposition of the troops in the colony. The
head-quarters of the Royal Artillery and Engineers
are for the future to be at Cape Town, with divi-
sions, companies, or detachments at Natal, King
William's Town, and Fort Beaufort. The head-
quarters of the 2d Battalion of the 10th Regiment
will be stationed at Keiskama Hoek, with detach-
ments at Middle Drift, Beaufort, and Graham's
Town. The head-quarters of the 2d battalion of the
11th will be at Cape Town, with detachments at
Simon's Town and Port Elizabeth (both temporary).
The second battalion of the 13th will have their
headquarters at King William's Town, and detach-
ments at Dolme (temporary), and Windvogelberg
(temporary). The head-quarters of the 85th will
be at Natal, a wing at Fort Glamorgan, and a de-
tachment at Fort Jackson. The Cape Mounted
Rifles will be distributed at the same stations nearly.
By these and other alterations from £40,000 to
£BO,OOO per annum will be saved to the Imperial
Treasury ; it is considered in the colony that other
modifications are likely to follow.
The Ordnance property at Graham's Town will

probably be sold. Hitherto from 1,200 to 1,500
troops have been quartered in that city, in which
about 60 houses have been occupied by the officers
alone. Rents and provisions have greatly decreased.

The Customs's duties throughout the colony for
he quarter ending March 31 amounted to £74,079

3s. 7d., being an increase of .£2,907 2s, id. over the
corresponding quarter in 1861.
A Government notice announces that supplies of
cotton seed are issued for the use of persons desirous
of cultivating the plant.
The excavation for the docks in connection with
the harbour works has commenced.

The contractors for the French Navy have pur.

chased 1,000 tons of steam coal in store at 555. per
ton. Natal butter has been selling at ls. Bd. and
ls. 81d. per lb.; tallow, Sad. per lb.
The screw steam frigate Narcissus, 51, Captain
Joseph G. Bickford, flag of Rear-Admiral Sir B.
Vicallxca ; ate en:Lew guu-vessel Penguin,
Lieut. John G. G. M. Hardy ; and the screw steam
surveying vessel Rifleman, 5, Master-Commander
John W. Reed, which arrived on the sth of April
from Plymouth, were in Simon's Bay.
The French frigate L'lmperatrice Eugenie left
on the sth of April for Toulon, The transport
Durance was in Table Bay. The Netherlands steam
sloop Groningen, 12, from Batavia on the 12th of
Feb., bound to Flushing, was in Simon's Bay:

ALLEGED ,12UDDER OF .A DEAF AND
DUMB GIRL.-EXT.RAORDINARY CASE.

On Saturday morning an inquiry was held at
the London Hospital, by Mr. Sohn Humphreys,
the Middlesex coroner, touching the death of Anne
Rush, a deaf and dumb girl, fifteen years of age,
which occurred under circumstances which have led
her parents to prefer a charge that she had been
murdered.
Mrs. Rush, the mother of the deceased, stated
that on the night of last Saturday week she sent
her daughter on an errand to a house on the
opposite side of the court in which she lived.
Shortly afterwards witness was alarmed by hearing
loud shrieks, and upon going to sea what was the
matter she found deceased lying disabled at the
bottom of a flight of stairs, down which she ap-
peared to have been flung with great force. She
was covered with shocking bruises all over the
body, particularly on the left side. She appeared to
be in a dying
condition, and stated by
signs
Innthatlnnis,
a
when she got to the first landing, Mrs
woman whose furious temper was the terror of the
neighbourhood, an.l who had long borne witness's
family a grudge, run out, and lifting her up, flung
her on the floor with all her strength, and then
threw her down the stairs. Deceased had to be re-
moved to the London Hospital, where she died in
two days. Witness then
charged Mrs. Innis with
having killed deceased, and brought her before the
magistrate for murder. There were several wit-
nesses who could corroborate her statement as to
the screams, and who could describe the girl's state.
Mrs. Connor said that she heard piercing shrieks
on the night in question, and soon afterwards saw
deceased in a most deplorable condition. Witness
stated that she had not seen Mrs. Innis at all on
that evening, and that the latter was in the habit
of treating the unfortunate deceased usually with
great kindness. There was, however, a regular
feud between the two families.
Mrs.lnnis, having received the usual caution, said
that she did not see deceased at all on the night in
question. She heard her voice, and some scream-
ing, but there was a disturbance in the court at the
time, and witness did not attach any importance to
the matter. She never struck the deceased, but
had often given her food. On the Monday witness
got a summons against Mrs. Rush for using
us
language, and then for the first time the charo
abusive
language,e
made that witness had murdered the deceased.
A number of witnesses were then examined, but
none of them could depose to have actually seen tne
deceased ill-used, and it was stated that the stair-
case where the occurrence took place was quite

dark.
Mr. H. Dyne, the house surgeon, said that do
ceased was admitted to the hospital with severe
contusions, the result of violent blows or heavy
falls. No bones, however, were fractured,aecoiit
f o re rd
death.tl
injuries did not seem sufficient to u
found the
Ho made a post mortem examination, and
immediate cause of death had been disease of the

heart.
The Coroner said, in reference to the conflicting
_ _

nature of the evidence, that it was possible that the
deceased, who was deaf, might have been deceived
in the darkness as to the person who assaulted her,
or that Mrs. Rush might have been misled in her
exitement as to the meaning of her daughter's
signs, which were made at a time of prostrationand confusion. He should, therefore, recommendcace
the jury simply to return a verdict in accordance
with the medical evidence.
A verdict accordingly was then)
beration, returned: after some deli.