The Sun.
London, England, 1865-05-31 00:00:00

two barrels in a short space of time, A model of a
cask-cleaner, equal to the cleansing of ten barrels, is
exhibited by Messrs. Davison and Schamel, of Lon-
don, who vlso show a patent thermouterion or im-
peller of heated air. Messrs. Pim, Brothers and
Co., of Dublin, have a silk winding machine at
work. The only manufacturer of linen checks in
Ireland, Mr. S. S. Moss, of Balbriggan, has a power-
loom at work, and a number of looms of a some-
what similar description are worked by the Green-
mount Spinning Company, having been manufactured
by Messrs, Dugdale and Sons, of Blackburn. A
novel self-acting machine, constructed by Messrs.
Southell and Heap, of Staleybride, for securing
the soles and paring and glazing the heels of boots
and shoes, is worked by Messrs. M'Dowell and Son,
of this city, who have purchased it. It works with
rapidity and success, and is regarded with much
interest. " Sketchley's universal joiner," worked
by Messrs. Beardwood and Son, and the wood-
working machines shown by Noble and Collier, and
Charles Powis and Co., of London, possess many
commendable features. Letterpress and lithograph
printing is represented by two firms, the Official
Printing Company of Dublin, and Messrs.
Hughes and Kimber, the latter firm working
Huguet's patent French lithographic gripper. All
the machines used are small and neat, adapted to
general work, but possessing no very remarkable
features. Messrs. Smythe and Co., of Balbriggan,
have two stocking-weaving machines at work—
hosiery, a trade for which Balbriggan has acquired
no little fame. The machines are an old and an
improved one, illustrating the advances made in this
manufacture. The new machine weaves two, while
the old only produces one stocking at a time. They
were manufactured by Messrs. S. and J. Ward, of
Nottingham. Messrs. Edmundson and Co., of
Capel-street, Dublin, exhibit an interesting lot of
novel machinery, including ' Lenoir's Gas Engine,'
with a newmotive power, in which gas and a galvanic
battery are the chief agents. They have also their
portable apparatus for the manufacture of gas in

•
's Butter Puri-
fier,' for restoring butter preserved with salt to its`'""ll"
original freshness. The latter is simple, and appears
to effect its object without much difficulty. Messrs.
Courtney and Stephens, of Millin, exhibit a large
and powerful punching machine, specimens of rail-
way materials, and a large slide valve pump and
engine, which work very successfully.
In the Machinery (at rest) Court are a large num-
ber of specimens of railway materials in various
stages of manufacture, shown by a number of exhi-
bitors. Fried Krupp, of Essen, Rhenish Prussia,
has a very interesting collection of cast-steel rails,
plates,-and wheels, and two rifled cannon, one of .
which is of large calibre. The toughness of one of
the rails has been tested by having it completely
doubled over twice without snapping. The
Rotheram Ironworks Company, Yorkshire, have
also sent railway wheels, tires, and axles ;
and improved permanent ways are exhibited by
Mr. G. E. Dering, of Welwpa, Hertfordshire. The
Dublin and Wicklow Railway Company exhibit
a very fine locomotive manufactured by Messrs.
Neilson and Co., of Glasgow. All the railway
materials seem excellent.

Messrs. William Muir and Co., of Glas' gow, ex-
hibit foot lathes, slotting machines, and an im-,
proved driller, and D. and J. Greig several adinira-
ble ma:chines in connexion with,prinfint and-book-.
binding. One stand in this 6-Curt deserves notice,
that of Mr. W. H. Ward, of New York, who ex-
hibits -several neat models of inventions in con-
nection
• with rail Ways and steamboats that have!
recently been the subject of some discussion. They,
include a patent safety saloon and air-spring car-,
riage, supplied with hand and self-acting brakes,
. ventilators, and alarm-bell arrangements, contrived
on an ingenious plan. Ward's system of fog and
flag signals at sea are illustrated, and appear fea-
sible. The same exhibitor shows a patent bullet
machine, capable of delivering 60,000 bifflets per
hour of any serviceable pattern." Models of
simple and effective railway turn-table and of a
shell moulding machine are also exhibited, and
attract considerable notice. Some of these inven-
tions have already had substantial recognition of
their merits, and all deserve consideration.
The most remarkable works of art from Rome
and Italy have been already noticed in their places-
in the general collections of statues and pictures.
There are many other things in the Roman and
Italian Courts that will arrest and repay the atten-
tion of the visitor by the pleasure and instruction
which the examination of them will impart.
Cardinal Antonelli has sent a cameo, in white
pietra dura on a dark ground, representing St.
George and the Dragon, by Lanzy. From the
Government establishment of chromo-lithography
we have chromo-lithographic reproductions of the
early Christian monuments, with plates of the
universal history of the Church, and a reliquary
executed in 1864 from the design of Commendatori
Poletti. Earnesto Pieret exhibits a collection of
cameos, intaglios, &c., by Girometti Martini and
other eminent artists, contained in three frames.
The Minister of Finance and Treasurer-General of
his Holiness has sent a portfolio containing 68 proofs
of the best engravings, executed by the chief Roman
engravers, after the most celebrated paintings of
the great masters ; seventeen proofs of outline en-
gravings from paintings in the chapel of Pope
Nicholas V., with several other collections, among
which is a volume containing 45 engravings in out-
line of the most admired fragments of Greek, Roman,
and 15th century sculpture. There is also in this
department' an album containing portraits of all the
Popes, from St. Peter to the present Pontiff, from
the basilica of St. Paul's, beyond the walls ; also the
flowers of antique sculpture album, containing
55 photographs, with descriptions by Commenda-
tori, with several minor collections. The Secretary
of the building of St. Peter's sends some of the
mosaic works of the Vatican. There is a large mosaic
picture of St. Peter, after the original by Guido ;
also a representation of the Madonna ; a statuette
representing Nydnia, the blind girl of Pompei ; a
small mosaic picture of the Roman Forum, another
of the Pantheon, and a third of the Temple of Vesta.
The Kingdom of Italy bears a very distinguished
part in the Exhibition. She has furnished no less
than 80 statues, from 40 of her best artists. It is
needless to add that the names of Lombardi, Ben-
zoni, Jacometti, Giacomo, Salvatori, Galletti, and
a dozen more Italian names, belong to Italy, though
their productions are exhibited in the Roman de-
partment ; so that the whole of the Central Court
may be regarded as an illustration of Italian genius,
which still leads Europe in the fine arts. The statue
of "the Reading Girl," by Professor Kugeri, of
Milan, is the admiration of every visitor. Pan-
diani's " Camilla," "the Governess," by Rigamonti,
(4
Lazzorini's three statues—
the Teacher," "the
Nymph going to Bathe," and " Vanity "—are ad-
mirably executed, the marble being of the most
Verdi's " Spring" is a very fine
specimen
ednescorifptthioen.
professor'sskill,
and Cocchi's
Young Michael Angelo carving the Head of a
Faun,,, his first work, is considered a masterpiece in
statuary. Among the Italian contributions there is
some deficiency in oil and watercolour painting, but
I am assured that about ninety pictures, both of the
old and modern painters, are expected in a few days.
There are, however, some gems of the old masters.
There is a fine collection of bronzes, coins, and
medals, exhibited by Signor Joet, a gentleman from
Reggio del PAmelia, who spent a large fortune and
many years of his life in forming a museum, such
as is seldom possessed by a private individual, and
which is a credit to the country to which the exhi-
bitor belongs.
In the lower part of the Italian Court the splen-
did mosaics, both in marble and wood, from Flo-
rence, attract the attention of every visitor. Signor
Bazzanti's tables in pietra dura are jewels that can-
not be easily surpassed. Fortuna's ebony cabinet,
inlaid with ivory, with a copy of the " Dance of
Cupids," painted by Albano ; Gargiulo's inlaid
mosaic table in wood, Gatti's inlaid furniture, Mon-
teneri's mosaics in wood, and Severia's ebony table
and ebony cabinet inlaid with ivory, representing
Middle-age costumes, are all highly-finished works,
showing to what a degree of perfection this art has
been carried in Italy. Boni's frames, chimney-
pieces, statues, busts, and ornaments deserve par-
ticular attention. The Royal Mining Institution of
Italy exhibits a collection of minerals, among
which there is some gold from the Valley of Aosta.
The Minister of Public Instruction has sent a col-
lection of educational books, forming a complete set,
from the primary instruction to the highest branches
of literature and science.