The Sun.
London, England, 1862-05-03 00:00:00

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THE SUN.

LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 3, 1862.

-•

Rope for Italy has been so often disappointed
when it seemed best founded, that almost any asser-
tion now, by the most responsible person, fails to
give anything like assurance. Yet surely the
King of ITALY'S speech, which appears in to-day's
telegrams, ought to have some meaning
in it more than anything we have yet
heard. The programme of freeing Italy from
the Mediterranean to the Adriatic was uttered
before Solferino had been fought and the Qua-
drilateral reached. Count CAVOR'S and Prince
NAPOLEON'S speeches were either very cautions, or
uninvested with the authority of office. But now
we have the word of the King of ITALY to the
Italians, concluding thus :—" Public safety is not
yet reestablished, because Rome is the centre of
conspiracies; but, believe me when I say, that as
much as the Italians wish to recover Rome the
French wish quite as much to terminate their
occupation of it."

These sentences for a Monarch who is, first, no

man of words—no orator ; who ie, secondly, well
acquainted with Roman facts ; and thirdly, who
must as well know the mind of the EMPEROR,
are very remarkable. He publicly, in the face of
Europe, for it is for all Europe his words are
!meant, charges Rome with being the fountain of
conspiracies and the disturber of public safety.
He next affirms with the strongest possible
illustration, the wish of the French to get
away from Rome. What does this mean P We
know that General GOTON has returned, though
the Constitutional affirms that it means nothing;
that nothing has been changed, for the very excel-
lent reason that nothing oan be changed. If,

however, the King of ITALY really knows the mind
of the French Government, which can hardly be
doubted, and if the old proverb be true, the will
of the French must find a way to its accomplish-
ment. We sh.all cherish therefore the hope
that the EMPEROR will not show his face in
London till he has fulfilled what all English-
men hold to be his first duty, and has given
up Rome to those to whom it belongs. Should he
visit this country without having performed this
first duty of political honesty, we can only hope
that he will never move abroad without hearing
from every quarter, loud and repeated cries o f "Rome
for the Italians !"

How are we to decide when one account from
America tells us that General BEAUREGARD, the
hero of the recent great battle, has 100,000
men with him at Corinth, his headquarters
near the Mississippi, while another gives him but
35,000 ? According to the former account the best
of the Southern Generals might stem the progress
of the Federals in the West for a long time, per-
haps till winter; according to the latter, unless he
can he reinforced, they will soon drive him further
South, for their late check will be soon recovered.
Both statements are probably exaggerations, but
that which assigns to him the smaller number is
probably nearer the truth. The first, doubtless,
comes from gentlemen with " Southern proclivities,"
in New York ; they wish to represent the Confe-
derate cause in the most hopeful light possible.
But the latter account comes from General BEAU-
REGARD himself, who, in an intercepted telegram,
asks for help. He, therefore, states to his own
Government the worst of his case.

We may, however, reasonably suppose that he
feels it to be a somewhat urgent one, since he
suggests the desirableness of withdrawing the
armies which are defending both Charleston and
Savannah for the purpose of defeating BUELL.
This at least implies that he does not now feel
strong enough for that object. He must have
with him the entire remainder of the troops,
which gained the first day's victory at Pittsburgh,
and as his forces there amounted to fifty or sixty
thousand, he must have suffered severely in the
fearful two days' struggle. BEAUREGARD repre-
sents the loss of the Mississippi Valley as
certain, in the event:of his defeat at Corinth, and the
loss of their cause as not improbable. Indeed we
know that all the troops from the Gulf of Mexico
except what were indispensable for the defence of
New Orleans, were brought up to BEAUREGARD,
and if, therefore, he were beaten, there seems no-
thing to prevent the Gulf States being overrun, so
far as a country of swamp, forest, and cotton plan-
tations can be.

Though M'CLELLAN seems to be brought to a
stand at stand at Yorktown, the firing on both
sides being as harmless as that at Fort Sumpter,
the other Confederate Generals from the Potomac,
BANKS and MCDoWELL are not idle. They are
advancing from the North and North-West upon
Richmond. McDowELL has got as far as
Fredericksburg, which he finds unfortified. BANKS
has driven JACKSON before him to Gordonsville; and
is therefore making progress towards the capital.
The Confederates seem to have denuded that part
of the country in order to meet M'CLELLAN at
Yorktown. But if they detain him there long,
they seem to hazard the occupation of Richmond
by the junction there of McDowELL and BANKS.
This fresh development of Northern strength in
the North-West 'of Virginia must cause some
anxiety at Richmond; it would seem as if the
choice were between falling into the hands of
BANKS Or Of M'CLELLAN, and that Virginia could
not spare troops to face all the armies of the North
"-- Tbe importance attached to York-
town seems evietently we gleateaL—Lucac tuc Jai
largest armies on both sides are concentrated ; and
if the capital can be reached from that part, it will
enable the Federals to Lold it with communication

open to the sea.
The PRESIDENT'S short message will show how
half-hearted, politically, he still is on the subject
of slavery. He only half relishes the bill which
abolishes slavery in Columbia, though he always
acknowledged the right of Congress to do it, and
wished that it should be done "in a satisfactory
way." By which we naturally understand that he
is not quite satisfied with the bill. He signs
it however. It contains the two principles
of which he is so strongly in favour, compensation
and :colonisation ;" and, therefore, " if there be
matters about this which might have taken a course
or shape more satisfactory to his judgment he does
not attempt to specify them." It seems as if even
Republicans, in the A merican party sense we mean,
cculd not do what should be a graceful act in a
graceful way. One would have supposed, fond of
outrageous claptrap as the Americans, and Mr.
LINCOLN among them, are, that we should have
heard at least a little self laudation, and boasting
of this commencement of negro emancipation.
Could we think, indeed, that Americans had grown
more modest we should be quite satisfied ; there is,
however, no alteration in that respect, and we must
set down all the chilly language of the PRESIDENT
respecting the best bill the Federal Government

has passed since it was entrusted with the govern-

meat of the district, as want of heart in the object
itself. "Colonisations" getting the negroes out of
the way—in Hayti, Liberia, or Florida—this is the
President's hobby. The Great Republic cannot find
room in its vast space for a population of the most
docile, if not the most muscular and effective
labourers on the earth ! A race manageable, wil-
ling, to work for pay ; capable of becoming good
artisans, as well as field labourers, susceptible of a
considerable measure of education, and, if kindly
treated, capable of becoming a source of great
wealth in a state of freedom. Against all this,
there is but one thing—the citizens of the Free
States will not endure among them the negroes
whom their Government and country has wronged.
Yet England is asked to sympathise with the North !

At the commencement of Tuesday's sitting in the
House of Commons Mr. BAILLIE COCHRANE de-
livered a capital speech, a really refreshing and
delightful speech, in regard to our Public Buildings.
It is true that the hon. gentleman's motion then
submitted to the House, at the close of a very in-
teresting discussicn, came to grief in the end,
being summarily rejected upon a division by con-
siderably more than two to one, only 49 voting for,
and as many as 116 against it. The motion was,
it should be remembered, simply this—" That an
humble address be presented to her MAJESTY,
praying that bhe will be graciously pleased to issue
a commission to inquire into the state of the public
buildings erected by Parliamentary grants within
the last 20 years, and also of the house rented for
the public service ; and to inquire whether, by
adopting more comprehensive plans of building,
greater public convenience, greater economy, and
not be attained." So that it
unity of design, may
obviously and avowedly pledged the House of Com-
MODS to nothing ; transferring in effect the respon-
sibility of suggesting a decision, after due inquiry,
from itself to a Royal Commission. Against the
notion, however, of any Such transference of respon-
sibility the right hon. gentleman the Chief Commis-
sioner for Public Works--[as his title was with
sylvan grandeur until very recently "of Woods