The Sun.
London, England, 1865-08-17 00:00:00

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Mr. Pratt said it was important to endeavour to
stop the career of such societies as that of the Gari-
baldi at once, but he might say it was not unlikely
that further proceedings might be taken in the
matter.
He then withdrew.

,NAPRICP 4d.
STAMPED sd.

was bound to state so in his certificate. On the other
hand, he was equally bound to state the fact in his
certificate, if it were so, that the tables were not pre-
pared by an actuary. In the case of the Garibaldi
Fund, without mentioning names, there were two
trustees, one being a clergyman ; and there were
seven directors, an auditor, bankers, a surgeon, a
solicitor, and a secretary ; and at the back of the
prospectus there wasprinted in large letters, " £lOO
will be given to any one who can prove that the Ga-
ribaldi Life Assurance and Sick Fund Friendly So-
ciety has not always promptly paid all its claims."
Extracts of the society's operations were then given
from its books, from which it appeared that the
numbers of the policies ran up as high as 7,316,
though they never had more than 600 or 800 mem-
bers. Besides,were not enrolled until 1863. He be-
lieved that was a practice not so much resorted to in
London as in the country. It appeared the society
had agents in all the provinces. He held in his hand
an agency application, in reply to which the secre-
tary in London stated that the society had a reserved
guarantee fund of £25,000, although, as he had
shown from their accounts, they had only a balance
at their banker's in December, 1863, of £5l, and in
the following year of £49. (A laugh.) He found
the agents were allowed on ordinary assurance busi-
ness—first, the entrance fees ; second, 50 per cent.
(or one-half) on all business till the policies were 13
weeks old ; third, 25 per cent. (or one quarter) per-
manently on all business done when the
.policies
were over 13 weeks old ; fourth, when an agent
showed his capability to conduct a large business an
office would be allowed him and paid for. (A laugh.)
He supposed that meant when the agent had induced
a number of poor wretches to come in. He had
thought it his duty in this case, knowing the great
interest which the working classes took in these
sosieties, to bring this matter publicly before the
Lord Mayor. In England and Wales there were no
less than 22,000 to 23,000 friendly societies now in
existence, and to show the interest taken in them in
this country, it was a fact that while in France 1 in
every 75 of the population belonged to a friendly
society, and in Belgium 1 in 66, in England the
proportion was 1 in every 9, counting even children.
Therefore, it appeared to him that societies such as
this Garibaldi were not set on foot for the benefit
of their members, but really and truly to put money
into the pockets of those who founded them. The
office of the Garibaldi Life Assurance Society was
in a small back-room on the second floor of the
house 58, King William-street, and was for the
most part kept closed and locked. The letters for
the society were dropped through a hole in the door,
and nothing was known of the persons'who called
for them. It became necessary for his purpose to
obtain a copy of the prospectus he had read. That
was procured on the 10th inst., having been given
out by a boy, who appeared to be the sole repre-
sentative of the society—(a laugh)—and when a
gentleman, whom he (Mr. Pratt) knew, called at the
office, he found the door secured by a chain, and the
boy in attendance did not withdraw the chain, but
partly opened the door and handed out theprospectus,
which had no date nor printer's name. It was need-
less to add that the society was not connected with
Government, though they said in their prospectus
they were agents for it, for the purchase of endow-
ments and annuities. They stated in their pro-
spectus that " the society being enrolled pursuant
to Act of Parliament guaranteed a perfect security
against non-payment of claims, or any fraudulent dis-
solution or misapplication of the funds." The state-
ment was untrue and absurd. If the society were en-
rolled it was enrolled under the Friendly Society's Act,
and that Act did not prevent the funds of friendly
societies from being embezzled or misapplied. Then,
with regard to the statement in the prospectus that
the society's tables were founded on the calculations
of an eminent actuary, a glance at them would show
that they had been constructed upon a vicious plan,
and that the sums demanded of the industrious
classes were much above those of the Government
in the case of post-office insurances, and still more
above those of good insurance societies. Then, as
regarded the persons stated to be trustees, itappeared
that one was a Welsh Dissenting minister, who
carried on the business of a tailor in Bermondsey,
and occasionally preached in Welsh in two different.
places. He declared that he never was trustee
to the society, that he never sanctioned the use
of his name, and that he was just made ac-
quainted with the fact that his name had
been used by the receipt of a lawyer's
letter respecting a debt from the society to a prin-
ter. He was much annoyed by the use of his name.
Another of the trustees, who resided at Holly-lodge,
Muswell-hill, was employed as a warehouseman and
porter. The third was put down as " Wm. Adams,
Esq., Derby," but no such person could be found
there. The next was "E. D. Evans, Esq." This
was a commercial traveller, who was persuaded to
allow his name to be used ; but he was believed to
know nothing of the society. The treasurer was a
draper in Southwark, and represented that he ad-
vanced money (which he lost) to one Stratton. That
Mr. Stratton, who had instituted a society, suffered
for a swindling transaction 12 months' imprisonment
at Newcastle, he believed. The treasurer stated that
the Garibaldi had been saved out of the wrecks of
the family (a laugh), and he had advanced money to
it. Another director was a tailor, who had advanced
money to it. Another was "D. Power, Esq., War -
dour-street." He (Mr. Pratt) knew something of
Wardour-street, and should think it difficult to find
an esquire in it. Within the last half-hourhe had had
a communication from a person who had seen Mr.
Davy, the reputed auditor, and he was reported to
be a respectable man, who had never heard anything
of the Garibaldi Society, much less acted as its audi-
tor. The auditor was stated to residein the Alscott-
road, Southwark. He found that Mr. Davy had
been residing there up to a recent period, and he
belieied he was the person intended, as no other per-
son of that name had been living there. Mr. Davy,
therefore, regarded t/ie use of his name in the pros-
pectus as highly improper and without his knowledge
or sanction. The bankers were stated to be the
London and County Bank (Borough branch), but
the society had now no account at that bank. They
had such an account at one time, but the account,
which was described as " a miserable affair and con-
stantly overdrawn," was closed in 1863 or 1864.
Again, Mr. Baker's name had been used as surgeon
to the society, not merely without his but
authority,
in spite of his refusal to allow it. Mr. C. Robert-
son, said to be the solicitor, had never acted for the
society or authorised the use of his name. It was
pretended that sums of money had been paid on
policies, the lowest number of which was 1,118, and
the highest 7,316, whereas, according to their report
sent in to him, they had in the first year only 601
members, and in the last year 840, minus 239 not
entitled to relief, they not having paid up their ar-
rears. He was much obliged to the Lord Mayor
for having afforded him the opportunity of making
that statement. He had thought that, holding the
office he did, after so flagrant a case as that canie
before him, it was his duty to make it public, and
to endeavour to protect as far as be could the indus-
trious classes from being deceived in that manner.
While pretending to have a reserve guarantee fund
of £25,000, they were actually borrowing money of
the trustees, the treasurer, and the secretary, and
at the end of the first year the balance at their
bankers was only £3l, and in the last £l9. (A
laugh.) He might say that an emblematical pic-
ture with the motto "Nosproteyim us," which adorned
the front of the prospectus, represented Garibaldi
with a sword in his hand, which he waved
over the heads of a number of widows and
children, but with which he rather appeared to him
(Mr. Pratt) to be about to cut all their heads of.
(Laughter.)
The Lord Mayor said he was greatly obliged to
Pratt for the statement he had made, and he
had no doubt the public would feel grateful to him
for the exposure. He had had a great deal of ex-

The Opening of the Castle Howard Tumuli.

The Rev. W. Greenwell, M.A., of Durham, has
concluded for the present year his examination of
the British burial mounds on the estate of the Earl
of Carlisle at Castle Howard, Malton. In all, in-
cluding three openings in 1864, Mr. Greenwell, with
the Rev. John F. Bigge, rector of Stamfordham,
Northumberland,. and Mr. Monkman, of Malton,
Yorkshire, has superintended the examination of
the contents of 18 British barrows, all of the crema-
tion age, but all varying in details of interment.
The openings have thrown considerable light upon
the modes of burial of the pre-historic tribes who
inhabited Brigantia. The three openings of last
year, and the five reported lately, were all made in
the moors lying at the base of the Slingsby Banks,
and west of the high road from that place to
Slingsby. The last series of diggings were made on
Taylor's Moor, east of the before-mentioned high
road, and between the village and the bank's of
Coneythorpe. The ground was undulated, and had
many rather abrupt knolls, every one of which when
dug into yielded burials, although the plough had
in most cases nearly obliterated the mounds.
The first opening made was in a tumulus in the
pwooders fellingeda. tt:r e
et lise, bh_oa
dstt oibnmegetneof
tt
trace
raheeoe
übogafhnl
ykt
hsd,eetsbhtu
rre 0
iyeaeol
dncatoenundlt s of
which,
sb:
which, either in rabbit digging or in planting or
Not
found.

The next examination was made in a large tumu-
lus on Windmill-hill, which from time immemorial
• 'has served as a beacon for the fires of the sth of
• November. On the highest point of the south side
was the tumulus, about 50ft. in diameter, and re-
duced by successive ploughing to an altitude of about
3ft. Indeed, the destruction done by the plough
or the drag-harrow was but too evident on the
surface, which was strewn with fragments of finely
wrought British .pottery and a piece or two of
wrought flint. A 14-feet trench was cut down to
the plane through the barrow, commencing on the
south. About eight feet south of the centre the
bottom portion of a large and very thick rudely-
made cinerary urn was found, placed on the natural
surface, and filled with burnt bones. The whole of
the top of this large urn had been broken away by
the plough, only some four inches of soil remaining
over the part found. Among the bones and charcoal
in the urn were found a fine thumbflint (unburnt),
and a remarkably well made and perfect flint arrow
head, which had been in the fire, but the burning
had not in the slightest degree damaged it. In ad-
dition to these flint articles there were a burnt bone
pin and an ornament, also of burnt bone, resembling
a capital P in shape, the semi-circular part being
grooved and ornamented, and only attached to the
straight back or stem at the top. Doubtless at the
period of use the semicircular portion would spring
a little, and it is possible that the two bone articles
together may have been used for fastening the gar-
ment. Whatever this P-shaped article may have
been, it is quite unique, none of the gentlemen pre-
sent having met with anything like it in bone. The
fineness and thinness of the skull showed the burial
to have been that of a young warrior, whose wea-
pons and ornaments had been buried with his ashes.
But this burial was not the primary one. At a
distance of six feet N.E., and 14 feet from the
circumferential line, another beautifully ornamented
small cinerary urn, laid on its side and badly
crushed, being only nine inches below the surface,
was found. The pieces were all there, and the
urn will 'make up. There were no bones accom-
panying this urn, but there was a large stone
north and south of it, and, judging by appearances
there had been one over the top, which, being
caught by the plough, had been removed. In the
centre of the barrow, and in a hole made in the
natural ground, the primary burial over which the
tumulus had been first reared was found. The urn
was in fragments, and no trace of the bones could
be found. This was a puzzle ; but a solution was
found in the evening, when a labourer, returning
from his work, came up to the party and confessed
that 10 or 12 years ago he, having heard tradition-
ally that there was treasure buried on Windmill-
hill, had set about digging in search of it, and had
started in the centre of this very "hone," and had
" found the pankin,' but no money in it." In this
way one of the most important and earliest burial
was destroyed, and all record of the nature of the
first interment of this prolific tumulus for ever lost.
Three feet further digging to the north-west pro-
duced another interment, which had been made in
a very large and highly beautiful urn, having four
impressed cord lines externally on the rim, and lower
down, divided into sections by three, sometimes
four, vertical lines, the compartments being filled
with cord markings. The urn was very full of
burnt bones, but had been placed bottom upwards ;
indeed, had the urn been perfect, the bottom would
have been above the surface. The plough had
made sad havoc there. The remains were very ten-
der
alu frome
. It
hadwet
unique and only the rim was of any
v
markings inside. The inside
and
air,
diameter of the mouth of the urn was 13 inches. Mr.
Greenwell resolved to completely removeotchicusptiuedmuin-
lus, and the greater part of a day was
doing so, but no further discoveries were made.
From the many fragments of urns found on the land
it is evident that othet shallow secondary burials had
been entirely broken up and destroyed by cultiva-
tion. A considerable length of time was required
for the examination of this rich tumulus. The re-
port of the details of six other openings into low
barrows on an adjoining hill, now completing, will
be given in a day or two.

BARBARIANS.—The commissioners of Blue Earth
county have passed a resolution that they will pay
$2OO for every Sioux Indian killed within the limits of the
county; the scalp to be produced to the county commis-
sioners, and proof given that he was killed by the claimant
within the limits of the county. Tho commissioners have
also appropriated $5,000 for the purchase of blood-hounds
for tracking "Indian murderers and horse thieves prowl-
ing round the frontier settlements."—Mankato (Minnesota)
Record.

BEAUTY OF THE WEST INDIA ISLANDS.—Nature
has there been prodigal of beauty ; the climate, except
during certain sickly seasons, is delightful ; the sky clear,
the night lighted up by a moon of unusual brilliancy, by
the splendour of the milky way, and by the planet Venus,
which appears here like a lesser moon, and makes ample
amend for the short duration and abrupt departure
of the twilight. The mountainous configuration of the
larger islands causes the wind to blow from all quarters
towards the land at night. Were it not for this beneficent
provision, the heat would be almost too great for human
habitation. Columbus, in one of his letters to King Fer-
dinand, says of the harbour of Porto Santo, " The water
is so clear that I can see the sand at the bottom ; the
banks are adorned with lofty palm trees, whose shade
gives a delightful freshness to the air; and the buds and.
flowers are fresh and beautiful. I was so much pleased
with the scene that I had almost formed the resolution of
staying here the remainder of my days." After the
Spaniards had exterminated the ancient inhabitants of
Hispaniola, the earth, no longer cultivated, bore noxious
herbs, and the most beautiful of the islands became inac-
eessiblo and unhealthy wilds, but before the advent of
Europeans they were in every respect delightful. The
papaw tree grows there, and palmetto royal, a column of
200 feet in height, the cedar, the mahogany, the banyan
tree, which

Snr e al do s has
Branching so broad and
‘long eh ar in the ground
The bearded twigs take root,
,and daughters grow
Above the mother tree ; a pillared shade,
High overarched, and echoing walks between."
Deadly serpents are unknown. The flamingo and the
humming-bird aro found in the woods, as well as such
quadrupeds as the agouti, the peccary, the armadillo, the
opossum, the racoon, and the musk rat. There wore also
tacos, native dogs who resembled _their kind in Europa,
except that they were compelled 'by natural inability to
renounce the pleasure of barking. Among the peculiar
animals of this favoured land are iguanas, alligators, and
many other kinds of lizards, which vary from three inches
to 20 feet in length, and land-crabs which March down
yearly to the sea in a procession of millions ; nor will com-
mon gratitude permit us to forget the turtle.—Exodus of
the Western Nations, by Viscount Bury.