The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-29 00:00:00

The South after Restoration.

The great political revolution the South has been pass-
ing through the last four years will be followed, undoubt-
edly, by a greater one in the social, industrial, and material
condition of that section of the country. The tido of
enterprise and emigration, from the North and from
Europe, only waits a full restoration of peace and politics
privileges to flow with a steady and constantly increasing
volume. It has set in already from the North, and it will
soon swell by additions, both from here and from the Old
World, when political demagogues and sectional fanatics
cease to obstruct the progress of that rich portion of the
United States.

Not only is the climate of the Southern latitudes moro
genial, and more attractive and enjoyable, but the soil is
more prolific, and there is a greater variety of productions.
Who, then, would not change the sterile rocks of New
England or the cold climate of the North for the rich and
sunny South, as soon as peace and harmony shall be
restored ? The institution of slavery and the sectional
conflicts it created, which had a tendency to make people
of the same race alien to each other, are things of the past.
The cause is removed, and the effect will soon cease to
exist. The very war which has produced this change,
and for the time excited bitter animosities, will within a
short time make the people of the two sections more
friendly than they ever were. They have learned to
respect the bravery and high qualities of each other. Each
fought for a political object, not for antipathy of race; ono
for separate existence, in order to preserve, as they be-
lieved, their domestic institution of slavery; the other for
union and to avoid present and future disintegration. The
former with their institution have succumbed, and the
latter have triumphed in the grandest and most decisive
war. Tho defeated accept the arbitrament, and, the cause
for which the war was made being removed, they desire to
forget the past, and to identify themselves with the grand
destiny of this reunited country. This is evident from their

declarations and conduct, as well as from a common-sense
view of their interests. For these reasons the Southern
people are inviting and will welcome Northern immigra-
tion and enterprise. Both see that their interests are iden-
tical ; and, from necessity, interested motives, and identity
of institution and race, they will work together hereafter
in developing the immense natural resources of that section
of a common country.

The idea of making another St. Domingo or Jamaica
of the magnificent territory of the South—of giving the
negro possession of and control over that fairest portion
of the American content, as our Jacobin republicans would,
is the most insane and impossible one that ever entered
into the mind of man. The negro, however, will become
a useful element, though a subordinate ono, in this great
work of development and progress. His labour will bo
made available and be rewarded, throughout the whole
South, whore the race is now scattered.
Within the area of the Southern States nearly all the
productions necessary for the subsistence of man, or that
enter into commerce, are found. Tho best flour comes from
the wheat fields of Virginia and other parts of the South.
It is the bust and greatest tobacco growing region in the

world. The Gulf Stream and a suitable soil make it the
only country where the long staple cotton can be grown.
Corn will grow luxuriantly and yield abundantly, with
little labour, and in many places by scratching the earth.
Tho sugar cane rises and swells to an enormous size; full of
juice, from the teeming soil of Louisiana; and where is
there any rice found like that of South Carolina and
Georgia? Look, too, at the grazing lands, the fine stock,
and the wool of the South. How valuable, too, are the
forests of oak, of pine and other timber which our ship-
builders appreciate so much. The mountains aro full of
the finest iron, coal, copper, and gold. Fruits of every
description grow abundantly. Nowhere, perhaps, do the
peach, melon, grape, pear, and pineapple thrive better or
with as little troublo. In the far South they have even
the orange and banana. The late Governor Hammond of
South Carolina, and other gentlemen of that State and
Georgia, who a few years ago began to turn their atten-
tion to the culture of the grape, succeeded in making very
fine wine. in fact the productions of the South aro so
varied and valuable that wo cannot enumerate them all
within the limits of this article.

Here, then, to this rich and prolific country, nearly
aalf as largo as Europe, will emigration from the North
and the Old World finds its way. The field is most iuvit-
a:lg,, and no longer obstructed by slavery or a hostile and
jealous population.—New lark Ilera

The Pacific Railroad•

Our British readers (says the New York Iron Age), who
have lived all their lives within the narrow limits of that
small but powerful island, can have littlo idea of the im-
mense extent of the United States, and the vast distances
that aro now traversed by the railroads of the country.
From John O'Groat's House in Scotland to the Land's
End, in Cornwall, is the extreme length which it would
be possible to have a railway in the British Islands. Such
(if there were a continuous lino) would extend about six
hundred miles.

But here we have in process of construction a railroad
which will extend from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean,
a distance of near three thousand miles, and enable the
traveller, arriving at New York, to proceed direct and with-
out stopping to Sacramento or San Francisco, on the
Pacific coast.

Already has railroad communication been opened for
near fifteen hundred miles westward from New York, and
the line necessary to connect this point with Op Pacific
shore is in rapid process of construction.
The United States Government has afforded the most
liberal encouragement in the donation of money and of
land for the completion of this great work, and we aro
happy to bo enabled to announce that already from Sacra-
mento (one of its western termini) in California eastward,
more than a hundred miles have been completed, and west-
ward, from Omaha city, in Nebraska territory, the work
is going forward energetically, the condition of the charter
requiring that the western end be constructed at the rate
of at least fifty miles a year, and the eastern at the rate
of at least a hundred miles a year, but the great probabi-
lity is that it will be proceeded with much more rapidity
than this.

This gigantic work, when completed, will produce effects
not only on the development of tho resources of the
United States, but on the industry and commerce of the
world, which it is now impossible to compute. It will
open up to easy access the great North-western Terri-
tories, with their vast fields of gold and silver, and
other valuable minerals, and this will induce hundreds of
thousands of hardy miners to go in quest of certain for-
tune in that land of unfathomable wealth. And the same
cause that makes it easy for men to go will also make it
easy to send food for their support, and this will cause a
great demand for the bread and moat that aro raised in the
Western States. The mining population, which is already
accumulating in the territories of Idaho, and Montana and
Colorado, and Nevada will bo greatly increased by the
facilities of transportation afforded by the opening of the
Pacific Railroad, and this population will have to be sup-
ported by supplies from the nearest of the Western States.
Thus the farmers of Minnesota, and lowa, and Missouri,
and Kansas will derive the most substantial advantages,
and the further West theagriculturist goes the better price
ho will get for his produce.
The effect of this prosperity on the miner and the farmer
must, of course, be beneficial to the manufacturer, who
will have an increased demand for goods to be supplied
to this great and thriving population, and a new field is
therefore opened to the industry of the mechanic. Nor is
it only is its effect on the industry of the. United States
that the opening of the Pacific Railroad will Welt. It will
have a most powerful influence on the commerce of the
world.

The Halfway House between Eastern Asia and Western
Europe, the United States will intercept the commerce of
China and Japan, and become a great emporium of East
India trade. A mighty commercial interest will grow on
the Pacific seaboard, and through the powerful agency of
this railroad the rich products of the East will be scat-
tered through all the United States.
This brief outline may give some idea to our British
readers of the magnitude of this great work and the
stupendous results it is destined to accomplish. Dotal--
mined upon by the Government of the United States, and
actually commenced while the country was engaged in the
late struggle for its existence, it is not likely, now that
peace is solidly established, that the efforts which were
then made will now be abandoned or relaxed. The indica-
tions are, so great is the manifest necessity of the work,
and so certain the profits to be derived from it, that it
will be pressed forward with great rapidity.

A BOY COMMITTED FOR MANSLAUGHTER.-011
Saturday, a boy, John Pleasant, 11 years of ago, charged
with the manalaughtor of Thomas Fenwick, in a little
house at Southwick, was brought up on remand before the
Sunderland magistrates. The coroner's inquiry terminated
with a verdict that deceased died from a blow of a stone
thrown by Pleasant, but without malicious intent. The
magistrates, however, committed the boy for trial on the
charge of manslaughter.