The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-02 00:00:00

THE g-ITN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 2, 1862.

GARMALDL

A letter from Turin, dated July 30, says t—lf I
were to begin this leter by a candid aVowal that I
really know nothing about the movements, the
aims, and purposes of Garibaldi, yon Blight, no
doubt, feel inclined to ask what Is the use of having
one's own correspondent in Italy; but if, at the
same time, I assure you, as I can honestly, and do
assure you, that I know as much about the subject
as the King's Ministers, the members of both
Houses of Parliament, the Prefect elect of the Pro-
vince of Palermo, or, indeed, any person in Turin,
public or private, or any of Garibaldi's intimate
friends, here or elsewhere in Italy, or any, even in
Sicily of
those who environ him, you would perhaps
acquit me of all blame as to any remissness I may
be deemed guilty of in the discharge of my news-
man's duties.

The last intelligence from Sicily announces that
Garibaldi had left Palermo on his way to Messina ;
that Volunteers land almost daily at Palermo from
the North- Italian provinces and from Naples ; that
rumours of a projected expedition are rife both in
the Sicilian and Neapolitan capitals, and Govern-
ment is straining every nerve, adopting every pre-
caution, to prevent it. A battalion of the 45th
Regiment, Reggio Brigade, embarked yesterday for
the south. The other battalions of the same corps
leave to-day. On the other hand, the swarming of
Volunteers to the southward is said to be incessant,
and the Government everywhere lights upon the
traces of the clandestine work of most mysterious,
private enlistments. A committee of persons con-
ducting these enrolments has lately been detected
at Pesaro. Several of its members were arrested,
and legal proceedings have been commenced.

These are a few of the threads of the tangled
skein ; the clue no man can get at. Garibaldi
talks big in Sicily; he beards the Imperial lion
at the Tuileries ; he strives to rouse the masses
of those Southern islanders, as if he would lead
them to Roma at a moment's notice. " Only one
man is Italy's enemy in France," says he, "and
it is the very man who has robbed the French
nation of its liberties and waded to the
throne through a sea of blood. Let us attack
the French garrison at Rome, crying, Long live
France !' and the French army, no less than the
people, will join us, and thank us for the signal we
shall thus give them to rise and shake off the igno-
minious yoke a Dutch adventurer has imposed.
There is no war between us and the French, and
there will be no fight. Instead of crossing bayonets
we shall rush into each other's arms. The debt we
owe to the sister nation will then be fully paid.
Those who delivered Milan will rejoice to see Rome
free, and the day the Italian tricolour shall wave
on the Capitol will see the Imperial standard struck
at the Louvre."

Such are Garibaldi's ideas, expressed in more or
less coarse, but awfully plain language, as he shows
himself to the multitude from town to town. The
names of " robber," of " infamous traitor," freely
lavished on the conqueror of Solferino, the "14
years' lies, perjuries, and base in'rigues" with which
he upbraids him, hardly add strength to his argu-
ment, which lies mainly in this, that an attack
upon the French at Rome is the best means of
winning the sympathies, changing the destinies,
and securing the fraternity and solidarity of the
French nation. These, it is well known, were the
fond notions with which Mazzini flattered himself
at the time of the siege of Rome by the French in
1849. By these strange delusions the inspired pro-
phet of Young Italy stirred up and nerved the
courage of the Italian youths, who, under the guid-
ance of this same Garibaldi, held their ground against
fearful odds for so many months, and contributed,
perhaps, more efficiently than the deeds of arms at
Goito, Pastrengo, and St. Lucia to rehabilitate the
nanic cf the Italians as fighting men. At the very
moment that the French of Oudinot forced the gate
of St. Pancrazio, Mazzini felt sure, and made sure as
many as would believe him, that Ledru Rollin and
all the French Republicans were ready to come to
the rescue, in time for revenge and redress, at least,
if not for defence. These Mazzinian hallucinations
Garibaldi dived into in 1849 with all the trusting
impetuosity of his ingenuous nature. The impres-
sion :was rapidly made, but it sunk deep. After
14 years of enchantment the General has still that
faith in French democracy, that, I dare say, Ledru
Rollin himself has long lost.

Yet, will Garibaldi really act up to his proud'
words; will he carry arms against the French gar-
rison at Rome ? How many followers he might
reckon upon for such an undertaking it would not
be easy to say. There is, indeed, a stir and a swarm-
ing everywhere of Italian youths, but there is no-
where any strong gathering of them—none percep-
tible, at least. The loud plaudit which everywhere
greets him seems, to judge from the testimony of
well-informed people, something very hollow and
barren. Those who shout and storm are only the
masses, the unthinking, irresponsible masses. The
sound and sober•minded people hold aloof ; many
of them are simply dismayed, some disgusted. The
thought of venturing upon an unprovoked collision
with France seems to most men to border on sheer
madness, and the cruel but irresistible conviction
that Garibaldi is not in his right senses steals
to the hearts of not a few of his most earnest
admirers and followers.
Yet Garibaldi talks of his march to Rome as of
something irremovably resolved upon; he professes
himself determined to go whether he leads his
thousand heroes of old, or whether he can only pick
up 100, or 50, or 10. His mind is made up, and
who shall stand in his way ?
The Government here feel very sure that they
have the power to prevent his doing mischief. The
French cruisers blockade all the Roman coast, and
were the hero to venture out at sea and meet them,
he might find less mercy and forbearance at their
hands than was shown him by the two English
frigates which attended his landing at Marsala.
Moreover, the King's forces from the North are
pouring down upon Naples and Sicily, bent on
keeping peace and maintaining public order at any
price. It is not likely that the Sicilians themselves
will have it in their power to lend the Liberator
any very powerful aid, even were they so inclined.
[ More ready instruments of mischief might be col-
lected on the main land, and might be hid among
the thronging population of Naples. The distance
between this latter town and Rome is not great, and
the frontier line is extensive, ruggedly indented,
woody, and mountainous, difficult to guard on
either side, as the late brigand forays have shown
us. As the King's Government are sure they can
shut up the frontier, so is Garibaldi confident he
can always
walk through whenever he has a mind.
Yet has he really a mind to go through ? Will
Garibaldi a h
with ,
asa he really venture upon a march to Rome, regardless
of difficulties or dangers ? Even this is not matter
of fit
starkunless,
madman
in d indeed, , they
altogetherar e t. o
Theset
down
louder the great leader of adventurers is in his pro-
clamations of his intent
to go to Rome, the more
strongly convinced cool-headed people feel that
some other point, different and away from Rome, is
the goal of his projected expedition. The attempt
at Sarnico was, we all know, only a feint, a
strategic device, to call the attention '
of Austria and
Europe to the banks of the Adige, diverting it
from some distant locality which Garibaldi
con-
templated :making the theatre of his great deeds.
Rnme and her French garrison, in the • ' opinion of
the clear-sighted, are only the new
Sarnico, to be
used as a blind to cover operations in •
quite a
dif-
ferent
quarter. That that quarter is the East, some
unguarded spot on the Austrian, or, more probably,
u
on the Turkish coast, no thinking man here dobts
and in such a move, if Garibaldi is really k. '
ma-
ready for it, he is likely to receive no very thg
hindrance from the Italian Government, who
would
serious
rather be rid of him on any terms, and no impedi-
ment whatever from France, who would re 3
any new complication of the already too intri
Eastern question.
'
• olce at
cate

211 E NAVY.

The Lords of the Admiralty arrived at Sheerness
yesterday from Chatham, in her Majesty's yacht
Osborne, for the purpose of making their annual
inspection of the dockyard. The members of the
NJKFBiioa
..
First
.t13.;L0 r presentd; Vice-Admiral
w er e the
tDukehe H oonf .
Sir
F .Somerset,lv KG.reG
an
ar- A
mo dmn
d r
ca
Lord.l Cl 3 Eden,aCn C
Clarence
r Mr S.
,ESC.
.a
Paget,p thetWhitbread,
cHn . 08.,
Rr
Rear-Admiralue
M.P., First Secretary to the Admiralty ; Rear-
aAcaoddl m.
Capt.
ra.aplTt R..
J.
Sr
i‘e. eRn
eo n
Directorson , C o
on
ft r
Ao 1
dl emr i or
af
ttyh ewNo
ra
kv ys
loore, C. 8., Private Secretary to the
First Lord. Their lordships were received by Vice-
Admiral W J. Hope-Johnstone, Commander .in-
Chief of the station ; Capt.-Superintendent C. Wise,
A.D.C., and the heads of the departments in the
dockyard, and Capt. T. P. Thompson, of the steam
reserve. A guard of honour was formed by the
Royal Marines from the different ships in the har-
bour, under the command of Capt. Butcher, R.M.,
her Majesty's ship Formidable. After transacting
official business at the Capt.-Superintendent's-office,
their lordships proceeded to the docks and inspected
the • Lilley, 4, screw gun vessel, the Eclipse, 4,
screw gun vessel, the Terrible, 21, paddle-wheel
screw frigate, and the 'Argus, 6, paddle-wheel
sloop, all of which are being fitted for commission.
They then proceeded tfiana inspected the factory,
the fitting shop, the foundry, and the boiler shop.
Mr. G. Blaxland, Chief Engineer of the yard, was
in attendance upon them. After this they visited
the North Star, 22, screw corvette, which is in
course of construction, and which it is intended to
convert into an iron-cased vessel. The new well,
which is being sunk by the contractor, Mr. Thomas
Tilley, of Enfield, was also inspected. Their lord-
ships then proceeded through the joiners' shop to the
fire-engine station, where the whole of the metro-
politan police force stationed in the dockyard were
exercised at the engines. They expressed their
great satisfaction at the alacrity and despatch ex-
hibited by the force ; the men only having taken
two minutes and a quarter from the time the
order was given in getting the engine out and into
full play. The various storehouses were severally
inspected. After luncheon they inspected the non-
commissioned officers and men of the Royal Marines
belonging to the Formidable and Cumberland, in the
Well Marsh, and then proceeded to the Formidable,
26, flagship, the Resistance, 17, iron, plated screw
ship, 600-horse power, Capt. W. S. Chamberlain,
and the Devonshire, school ship. After this they
proceeded to dine with Vice-Admiral W. J. Hope
Johnstone, and afterwards embarked on board the
Osborne for Dover.

His Grace the Duke of Somerset will hold a levee
at the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth, at 10 a.m.
on Friday, the Bth inst. A list for the entry of
officers' names who may wish to attend the levee
will lie at the College until 4 p.m. on Tuesday, the
sth inst., after which it will be closed.

The Lords of the Admiralty are expected to arrive
at Portsmouth on board their yacht Osborne for
their annual inspection of the naval and marine
establishments of the port on Tuesday next.
The Mersey, 40, screw, Capt. H. Caldwell, C. 8.,
arrived at Spithead yesterday morning, under sail
from Halifax, from which port she sailed on July
17. At the time of the Mersey's departure from
Halifax, the Nile, Capt. E. K. Barnard (flagship of
Vice-Admiral Sir Alexander Milne, K.C.8.), the
Agamemnon, 98, screw, were at that port, the two
latter under orders to proceed to Port Royal. The
Aboukir was to take the place of the Imaum, flag-
ship there, and the Agamemnon was then to return
to England with a number of the Aboukir's crew.
The Mersey has brought home from Halifa a part
of the Aboukir's officers and ship's company, and
also a few naval invalids and prisoners from the
ships on the station. The Mersey awaits orders at
Spithead, which are expected to pay out of com-
mission, the ship's hull and machinery requiring
extensive repairs. Moderate weather was experi-
enced during the voyage home from Halifax.
The Racehorse, 6, screw, 200-horse power, by
Napier and Son, Glasgow, Commander Boxer, tested
her machinery at the measured mile, Stokes Bay,
near Portsmouth, on Thursday, on the:completion of
her alterations and repairs by the factory depart-
ment of the port, prior to her departure for foreign
service. The weather was favourable for the trial.
The ship drew 12ft. Gin, of water aft, and 10ft. 10in.
forward. The load on the safety-valve was 201 b.,
with a pressure of steam in boilers of 19 2.3, and a
vacuum of 23 inches. The maximum revolutions of
the engines were 92 and the minimum 90,i-, the in-
dicated horse-power being 758.18, and the speed of
the ship in knots 10.406. The propeller used was a
Griffiths' two bladed, with a diameter of lift. and
pitch of 16ft. bin. With the port helm over to 31
deg. the ship made a complete circle in 4 min. and
36 sec. With the starboard helm over to 25 deg.
the circle was made in 4 min. 49 sec. The tempe-
rature ranged, on deck, from 67 to GS deg. ; in the
engine-room, from 97 to 101 deg. ; and in the after
stoke hole from 87 to 104 deg. The machinery and
boilers gave perfect satisfaction, and, with some
slight alterations to her back firabars, which will
be completed this morning, the ship will be ready to
proceed to sea. She awaits final orders.
The Psyche, paddle yacht, got up steam yesterday
in the steam basin at Portsmouth to test the joints
of her machinery, &c., in the course of her outfit by
Messrs. Maudslay, Field, and Sons, and has com-
menced coaling preparatory to her trial at the mea-
sured mile in S iokes Bay. She is expected to attain
a very high rate of speed.
The launch of the Enchantress is to take place at
the dockyard at Pembroke this day. She is a
most beautifully modelled vessel, of 835 tons and
250-horse power. Her fine lines and clear run have
given the impression that she i 3 intended for a yacht
—a gift to the Emperor of Japan ; but the fact is she
is to be a paddlewheel despatch vessel, for whieh her
shsrpness and high power will admirably suit her.

VOLUNTEER CAMP AND PRIZE MEET-

IN° AT ASCOT.

The prize firing was brought to a close late last
evening, having been kept up with spirit during the
whole day, notwitstanding the intense glare of the
sun, which
almost blinding. The competitive examinations in
volley and file-firing, which form part of the course
, when reflected from the targets, was
of musketry in the regular service, have never pre-
viously been adopted into the Volunteer code; the
result of these contests was therefore regarded with
special interest. For the volley firing eight targets
were placed side by side, and the different com-
panies, represented by 12 file (24 men) each, fired
three volleys at 400 yards. These discharges, given
at the word of command, were, in most cases, re-
markably steady. The highest score (56 marks)
was made by the Maidenhead Company, the Abing-
donredfrionm.
Company being only one behind, and the other
corps all following in respectable proximity. A
different state of things has evidently been attained
in the present day from that on record some eight
or nine years ago, when an entire division of the
theybeen
ei
y n
fired
were marchedaim up g
Russian army, armed with the old musket, having
h
tao
Ifernaeseyt
trout
rangereffile
many ofi fr
firing
ghundredwooden
the
Maiden-
head
yp di ss-
d
and not a single shot struck the timber at which
and Abingdon Companies were again first and
second, the Reading Company, which beat all the
others last year, having in the interval lost several
of its best men. In the afternoon prize th•e-offered
by Madame Van de Weyer was competed
for by 28
Berkshire Volunteers, the contest b • emg carried on
in accordance with the rules yesterday
announced.
The men were marched backward and forward till
they had lost all knowledge of their whereabouts,
and were then directed to fire five shots judging
their own distance, and without elevating the back
sight of their rifles. They all stood the first test
exceedingly well, some of the men succeeding in
striking the target every time; but when removed
to a greater distance and told to fire five additional
shots kneeling, the average attained was by no
means equally good. The bullets certainly flew in
the right direction, and would have made persons
standing on the sites of the targets exceedingly
uncomfortable ; but there were fewer of those
responsive " clinks" which are the first indica-
tions that the face of the target has been struck.
The skirmishing prize of £lO, given by Mr. Hib-
bert, was next competed for, the proceedings being
very similar in their character to those just
described, with this exception—that the men were
allowed to use the back sight in aiming at the
targets. In each case, to prevent confusion, every
competitor had his own target allotted to him, and
these were severally verified at the close of the
shooting. _ _

The Ascot meeting has been fertile in novelties,
but perhaps the most valuable of these is the new
mode of sheltering markers. Ordinarily they are
cooped up in narrow, not over secure mantlets,
where, if the weather be unfavourable, they must
sit and be rained on all the day long, as protection
of any kind overhead would interfere with the free
working of the signals. On this studiously uncom-
fortable system Sir Paul Hunter's plan is a great
improvement. He has caused pits to be dug in the
ground to a depth of seven feet, throwing up the
clay excavated as a shelter at the back of the holes.
The pits are then covered in with umbrella-shaped
roofs of timber almost level with the ground, over
which clay is likewise spread, rendering them per-
fectly bullet proof. In the direction of the target
the soil is cut away in order to give a clear view to
the marker, who thus, removed from danger and
protected from the weather, can walk about in the
pit, and indicate the hits made on the adjacent sig-
nal-cross. The cost of these pits is 1:1 each, but
they are decidedly superior in construction to any
of those in ordinary use ; and at long range firing
they are invaluable, as they present no perceptible
obstacle to the line of sight. The Berkshire Asso-
ciation, in the interest of the Volunteer movement,
have made all their arrangements admirably but in
doing so they have necessarily incurred considerable
expense. The outlay upon the meeting at Ascot
will be at least £6OO. To render permanent the
advantages of such a gathering, it is therefore in-
dispensable that those whose time, more precious
than money, does not admit of their taking part in
the encampment, should co-operate with the asso-
ciation by the only effectual means in their power.
As a proof of the solid advantages derivable from
meetings of this nature, it may be mentioned that
on Thursday evening, after the duties of the day
were completed, a match was improvised between
11 of the 20 best Berkshire shots and 11 sergeants
of the Guards on duty at the camp, many of whom
bear the marksman's badge. The contest teimi-
nated, though by a narrow majority, in favour of
the Berkshire Volunteers.

SCIENTIFIC BALLOON ASCENT.

MR. GLAISIIER'S OBSERVATIONS.

Mr. Coxwell having planned an ascent with his
large balloon from the Crystal Palace on Wednes-
day last, I availed myself of the offer of a seat in
the car for the purpose of taking a serious of ob-
servations upon the variations of temperature, and
the several hygrometrical states of the atmosphere
at moderate elevations, and which I had failed to
do in my recent ascent from Wolverhampton.
The instruments necessary for these investiga-
tions were in the hands of Messrs. Negretti and
Zambra, and were those which were broken and
injured in my recent ascent in the samo balloon,
and confided to them for renewal and repair, and
which they had executed in a very satisfactory
manner, these gentlemen having at all times ex-
pressed an earnest desire to promote the experi-
ments required by the British Association. All
the other instruments are at Wolverhampton, ready
for the next high ascent.

The instruments used on this occasion were two
aneroid barometers, dry and wet bulb thermometers,
and a Daniell's dew-point hygrometer.
As it is of essential importance that the thermo-
meters should be so sensitive that they readily
acquire the temperature of the surrounding air,
they were of necessity very delicate.
The air was in very gentle motion, which en
abled Messrs_ Negretti and Zambra carefully to fix
the instruments before starting, so that I at once
began to observe, which I was unable to do in my
recent ascent till I was nearly a mile high.
The balloon left the earth at 4h. 40m., laden
with 13 gentlemen and a large amount of sand for
ballast, and, under the influence of a moderate
breeze, bore away slowly nearly S.E., passing suc-
cessively Eltham and Dartford, to the village of
Singlewell, near Gravesend.
The heights the balloon successively attained
were as follows :
At 4h. 43m. it had attained the elevation of
1,340 ft. above the level of the sea ; at 4h. 49m.
was 3,700 ft.; increased slowly till, at sh. 17m.,
it was about 5,300 ft.; it then by sh. 20m., fell
200 ft. ; on throwing out sand it rose to 5,500 ft.,
by 511. 24m., and to 6,600 ft. by sh, 43m. ; some gas
was let out, and it sank to 5,700 ft. by sh. 47m. •
some sand was thrown out, and it rose to 7,350 ft.,
the highest point reached, at 6h. lm. ; at 6h. Gm. it
fell to 6,700 ft. ; some sand was thrown out, and it
rose to 7,100 ft, by 6h. 12m. ; at 20 minutes past 6 it
altitude and
descended to 5,300 ft., and slowly to 2,100 ft.
erved
25m., and to thc earth at a little after half-pabsyt 66h..
at th R 1
Between 4h. 46m. and sh. lm. the
azimuth of the balloon were obs
b• Stone, M.A.
Observatory, Greenwich, by Mr. E T e oya
If any similar observationE
other plate, I should be glad to
have been taken at an-
them, as furnishing th avoured with
determination of the el
me
.aos of an independent
thus checking those
of temperature and bareovmateitornics pofretshsuerbe.alloon, tOid
made by means of the variatic'n
The temperature
of the air was 68 degree: 6a.,t
the Crystal 1.)
Ace ; at 1,000 feet high 3

PR1CE.....-..4d.
STAMPED ....sd,

deg. ; at 3,700 feet it was 51 deg' ; continued at this
reading nearly till the height o 4,500 feet was
reached at sh. 4m. ; varied between 48 deg. and 50
deg. till the height of 5,700 feet was reached ; it
decreased from 48 deg. to 431 deg. between sh. 31m.
and sh. 38m., the height at the latter time being
6,100 feet. At the height of 7,350 feet the tempe-
rature was 41 deg., being 27 deg. lower than on
1 the surface of the ground ; after this the tempera-
ture rose gradually as the balloon approached the
earth, and was 47 deg. at 611. 20m., 50 deg. at 611.
24m., and 68 deg. on reaching the ground.
The temperatures of the dew po;nt, or that tem-
perature at which the moisture in the air, in the
invisible shape of vapour, is deposited as water upon
the objects cooled down to this temperature, were
successively as follows :—ln the gardens of the
Crystal Palace this deposit of water took place when
r the temperature of the bulb of the hygrometer was
reduced by the action of ether to 30 deg.; at the
height of 1,300 ft. the bulb was bedewed. at 43 deg.;
between 3,000 ft. and 4,500 ft. at 40 deg.; then up
to 6,000 ft. at temperatures gradually decreasing at
about 7,300 ft. to a little below 32 deg., and it after-
wards increased to 47 deg. on reaching the surface
of the earth. When air is saturated with moisture,
as in a wetting fog, the temperatures both of the
air and dew point are the same. On this occasion
on the earth the latter temperature was 18 deg. be-
low the former, and at the highest elevation was 9
deg., so that the air was nowhere saturated. From
a knowledge of the --temperature of the dew point
we know the amount of water then present in a
certain amount of air. This amounted in the grounds
of the Crystal Palace to 4 grains in a cubic foot; at
1,300 ft. high to 3 grains; at 5,000 ft. to about 24
grains ; and at 7,300 ft. there were about 2 grains in
a cubic foot of air.
As the amount of aqueous vapour in the air neces-
sarily decreases with the temperature, the changes
of the hygrometric condition of the air at different
elevations may be better understood by speaking of
the relative humidity of the atmosphere, by consi-
dering air saturated with moisture as represented
by 103, and air without moisture byo.
The humidity of the air thus expressed was on
the surface of the ground 50' showing an unusual
degree of dryness. It increased as we left the earth
to 63 at 3,000 feet, to 66 at 4,000 feet, and 70 at
7,300 feet, and the air gradually became less humid
on approaching the earth. At no point, therefore,
was complete saturation met with, as before noticed.
The weight of a cubic foot of air varied from 526
grains on the ground to 429 grains at the greatest
height reached.
Similar and simultaneous observations were taken
at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, from
which we learn that the temperature of the air on
the surface of the ground varied from 67 deg. to 68
deg. ; that of the dew point from 49 deg. to 51
deg,; that there were about four grains of water in
a cubic foot of air ; the degree of humidity was
about 50, and the weight of a cubic foot of air was
526 grains ; therefore, the differences at the high
elevations from these values are duo to the elevation
alone.

Test ozone papers were not coloured at all, and
no ozone was noticed in the ascent from Wolver-
hampton. We were never in the clouds, although
rocky cumuli (which, it will be remembered, are
the fine massive clouds of day) were at a lower
elevation all around, and cumulo-strati at a higher
elevation than ourselves. The sky was free from
clouds in the zenith, and a deeper blue than as seen
from the surface of the earth. At times there was
a great mist, and generally the horizon was hazy
and obscure. The shadow of the balloon was seen
on the ground as well as on the surface of the cloud.
A horizontal magnet occupied a somewhat longer
time to perform a certain number of vibrations, in
this as well as in the previous ascent, than it did
on the surface of the earth; this is contrary to the
result obtained by Gay-Lussac in 1804.
At 5h 24m. a gun was heard with a sharp sound;
at sh. 25m. a drum was heard ; at sh. 26m. a band
was heard; at sh. 38m. a gun was heard; and at
6h. 10m. a dog was heard barking; and the work-
ing of the engines on the Dover and Chatham Rail-
way was distinctly heard.
I have to thank Mr. W. F. Ingelow for kindly
reading one barometer for me and for rendering
considerable assistance in noticing the first appear-
ance of dew on the black bulb of the hygrometer,
enabling me thereby greatly to increase the number
of my own observations.
The gas furnished must have been of good quality
to have raised so great a weight to such an elevation.
The descent was managed by Mr. Coxwell so that
no instrument was injured in the slightest degree,
and, in fact, the approach to the earth was so
gradual that there was scarcely need to steady one's
self.