The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENIING, OCTOBER 17, 186 E,

The War in New Zealand:

(Prom the Times Correspondent•)
WELLINGTON, Aug. 14.

The Wereroa pah—that constant bugbear for
months past--has at last fallen into our hands, and
under such peculiar circumstances as to warrant my
entering into more than ordinary detail. When I
last wrote Governor Grey had gone to Wanganui,
in the expectation of receiving the submission of the
rebels, who, notwithstanding their professed desire
to capitulate, were daily haggling as to the terms.
Their offer of unconditional surrender, if the Gover-
nor came in person to receive it, proved, however,
as illusory as those previously made to the friendly
natives. As after offering them a free pardon (any
_ _

murderers only excepted) the Governor learnt from
undeniable evidence that their only desire was to
gain time, and :that their agents were actively

and not unsuccessfully scouring the country for
help, there appeared to be no other alternative for
his Excellency but to be willing to be befooled by
their insolent caprice, or to carry matters with a
high hand. To get immediate possession of the pah
somehow or other, by cajolery or menace, by grant-
ing terms however favourable, or by force, was alike
the absorbing desire of Governor and Ministry. In-
dependently of their both entertaining the strong
conviction that " the worst possible effect was being
produced by the murderers, fanatics, and turbulent
natives being permitted to remain unmolested for so
many months in close proximity to a British settle-
ment, and in the presence of a large British force,"
the Governor was anxious for its possession, because
General Cameron could not, or would not, take it
with the troops at his present disposal ; and the
Ministry were no less anxious, because they looked
upon its continuance in the hands of the rebels as
the main obstacle to the close of the campaign. The
unfortunate antagonism which had for months per-
sonally and officially existed between the General
and the Governor nerved the latter to task his powers
to the utmost, while the desire to intimate to the
approaching Assembly that one great obstacle, inthe
mind of his Excellency, to his agreeing to the practica-
bility of the removal of the troops had been overcome
stimulated those of the Ministry. After due conside-
ration, the Governor resolvedthat at all risks the pah
should be captured. Having formed this determina-
tion, the Governor took stock of the means at his dis-
posal, and found them scanty enough—too scanty to
warrant his proceeding unless he could get the assist-
ance of the military, real or pretended. On the 19th
July he wrote to Brigadier-General Waddy, in com-
mand of the Wanganui district, inquiring whether
General Cameron's instructions would permit the in-
vestment and reduction of the pah without the delay
of a reference to head-quarters at Auckland. On the
some day General Waddy replied that he could not
undertake that operation without such reference
being made. This would have effectually damped
any less resolute man than Governor Grey can be,
when he wishes to play his own ace or draw that of
a political opponent. If the troops could not act, he
would do the work with them, but fall the pah must.
The risk to the small colonial force was, however, so
great that he determined to make a second appeal,
and accordingly requested Gen. Waddy to move up
a force of 400 men as a "moral support, and also a
detachment of artillery with heavy guns and mortars
for the purpose of breaching and keeping down the
fire of the pah, while the colonial forces assaulted it.
" Without you do this," wrote the Governor,—

" I fear a large and absolutely unnecessary loss of the
lives of the Queen's subjects, natives and Europeans, will be
incurred, which would seem to be wrong, when a large force
under your command, intended by the Queen's Government
for the suppression of rebellion and the preservation of the
peace in her Majesty's possessions, is close at hand."

Gen. Waddy consented to comply with this re-1
quest, but it does not appear that the whole of the
troops arrived sufficiently early to be of essential
service. Late that night (19th) reports came up
from Wanganui that large nu►nbers of hostile natives
had made their appearance at Pipiriki, a post 65
miles up the Wanganui river, held by Capt. Brassey
and a colonial force .of 271 men, and that, taking
advantage of the absence of the loyal natives at
Wereroa, they had occupied a position commanding
the river and preventing the sending up commissariat
supplies. While every confidence was felt in Cap-
tain Brassey and his men, the necessity for send-
ing relief was imperative, and, as that could not
be done unt►l the force before Wereroa was
at liberty, there was nothing else open but to push
on the attack as quickly as possible. The Governor
was fortunate in having a native orderly who knew
the country about the pah from boyhood, and the
information already gained from him enabled the
Governor now to arrange his plans with the greatest
promptitude. The pah had been constructed, as
they almost invariably are, to resist only a front
attack, the rear being comparatively unprotected,
and affording outlets for retreat. To gain the rear
a force must make its way threugh several miles of
difficult bush, a feat the natives have learnt by ex-
perience to feel confident soldiers would not be per-
mitted to attempt. The escape of the rebels by the
rear was to a large extent protected by a small re-
doubt they had thrown up on what is called the
Karaka ridge, and entirely so by it and a position
across tha waitotara river. The Governor resolved

to occupy these two positions, and so, by hemming
the rebels in and cutting them off from their potato
grounds, place them completely in his power. The
whole force on the ground consisted of 25 Wanga-
nui cavalry, 139 Forest Rangers, 109 natives, of
what is called the Native Contingent, and about 200
efficient friendly natives, with a few old men. At
2. a.m. of the 20th the chiefs were roused from their
sleep and the plan explained, and orders were given
to them and the remainder of the force to be ready
to start at 12.30, with the view of taking poses-
sion of the Karaka heights, by which hour Lieut.-
Colonel Trevor and 100 of the 14th, and Captain
Nobblett and 100 of the 18th, were expected to
arrive—part of the 400 promised by General Waddy
as a ic moral" support. They arrived earlier than
was anticipated, and took up a position about 1,300
yards from the pah, the colonial forces moving off
at the hour fixed, leaving only a portion of the
friendly natives in camp. It rained heavily, and,
although some of the men had had no rations that
morning, and it was doubtful when they would be
able to get any, yet the prospect of there really
being work to do started them in capital spirits.
In the afternoon a supply of biscuits was obtained,
and some of the natives who had been left behind
carried 1801 b. in the direction of the Karaka heights
—a scanty allowance for the nearly 400 men already
steadily making their way thither. " I, however,
knew," writes Sir George in his despatch to Mr.
Cardwell, "that next morning they would obtain
on the Karaka heights the supplies intended for the
pah." The result proved the correctness of his Ex-
cellency's information and judgment, for at 10
o'clock on the morning of the 21st news was re-
ceived that Major Rookes and his force has oc-
cupied the Karaka heights, surprised a party of
natives on their way to reinforce the pah, and after
a slight resistance, captured 50 men and some
some
women, 50 guns, and two kegs of ammunition,
besides supplying themselves with provisions. The
messenger applied for an escort to bring these pri-
soners in, which force, composed of a;equal num-
ber of the 14th and friendly
natives, was at once
sent, leaving only about 170 men of both races in
front of the pah, and obliging
~doubi
the Governor to send
to the nearest camp for 100 more soldiers, who ar-
rived in a few hours at the
The under
the command of Major Rocke.
e :i
200 soldiers
from Wanganui, a moiety of the assistance origin-
ally promised by Brigadier-General Waddy, do not
appear to have arrived, and the second means of
escape, the position on the Waitotara river already
alluded to, could not, therefore, be closed. Mean-
while orders were sent to Major Rookes to harass
the rear of the pah at once, and to assault it at
noon of the next day (22d), at which hour a sham
attack would be made by the troops in front,
and such few friendly natives as could be
gathered by the return of the escort and from
other sources would have reached the Waitotara
river position, should the troops expected not have
arrived and taken it up. Further and authentic
intelligence was received from Captain Brassey rela-
tive to his critical position, and the necessity of
acting decidedly induced the Governor to send off
to Patea for a reinforcement from thence of 200
troops. The heavy guns and artillery now arrived,

and the plans for attack on the morrow being
completed, the- best was hoped for, although the
uncertainty as to the number of the rebels by
whom the pah was held was a source of considerable
anxiety. Pehimana, one of the principal rebels, who
had come over to the Governor's side during the
preparatory negotiations of the 17th and 18th, stated
it was 600, a number which all knew to be false, but
which he maintained to be correct. No sooner had
Major Rookes begun a dropping fire, towards sun-
set, than the rebels began to be alarmed, fearing a
night attack, and under cover of the darkness made
their escape by the opening intended to have
been previously secured by the soldiers had they
arrived, and to guard which friendly natives
had been detailed for the coming morning. At
half-past 1 that morning (22d) a message came from
Major Rookes to say that the natives were evacu-
ating the pah by the unguarded position, and at day-
light the friendly natives took possession of the
pah and handed it over to Lieutenant-Colonel Trevor,
of the 14th, who still holds it. A blind man and a
woman were the only occupants when it was entered,
and thus Wereroa, which had been a humiliating
menace for so many months, was ours without the
loss of a single man. It is a matter of great regret
that the rebels escaped, especially as it was not from
ignorance as to the mode by which they could have
been prevented. It is unfortunate that the capture
should only have been that of an empty pah, but that
it was so reflects no discredit on his Excellency, who
planned the attack, or on the regular and colonial
forces engaged in carrying it out. That too high
praise cannot be given to the Governor for his
skill, to the colonial forces for their pluck and en-
durance, and to the troops engaged for the ready
co-operation they gave to an undertaking in which,
under ordinary circumstances, they ought to have
been the principal agents—that too high praise can-
not be given to the whole—is admitted on all sides.
The pivot of the whole affair was evidently the bush
march of the colonial forces. No officer of the Im-
perial troops would have been permitted by his
instructions to undertake it ; and this fear of the
bush is an element on which the rebels have always
reckoned. The number of natives actually in the
pah was afterwards ascertained to have been from
70 to 100. Five of them took a circuitous route, and
endeavoured to mix themselves up with the friendly
natives, and were taken prisoners. These and the
50 captured on the Karaka heights are now on board
a hulk in Wellington harbour. Three of them are
morally certain to have been concerned in the mur-
der of the Rev. Mr. Volkner, but it is extremely
improbable that sufficient evidence of their having
been so can be procured.
In his speech opening the Assembly, the Governor,
after complimenting the colonial forces engaged in
the reduction of the Wereroa pah, proceeded to say :

" I also recognise the readiness with which Brigadier-
General Waddy, C. 8., Colonel Trevor, and the officers and
men under their command, afforded me all the assistance
that was in their power, though precluded by their orders
from taking any active part in the operations against the
enemy's stronghold."
This has caused General Cameron to send to the
Auckland newspapers the copy of a letter written to
the Governor denying its truthfulness. He says :

"It is my duty to inform your Excellency that I posi-
tively deny having given any orders to Brigadier-General
Waddy, Lieutenant-Colonel Trevor, or any other officer,
which precluded them from taking any active part in the
operations against the enemy's stronghold."

Whether it is General Cameron or Brigadier-
General Waddy who labours under a misconception,
or whether the instructions were ambiguous, I can-
not say. They have neither been communicated to
the Governor, who is Commander-in-Chief, nor to
the public. All that is clear is that " some one has
blundered."

Pipiriki has been relieved. Immediately after
leaving the Wereroa pah, Major Rookes proceeded
with a party of 500 men (including natives), and a
supply of rations and ammunition. Owing to a
fresh in the river and other causes, the relief occu-
pied seven days in reaching Pipiriki, arriving there
on the Ist of August. Captain Brassey's force had
been besieged for 12 days by some 300 or 400 natives
under Pehi, the chief who took the oath of allegi-
ance and gave tokens of submission to the Governor
after the engagement between his people and the
friendly natives at Ohoutahi in March last. One of
.the three European redoubts had to be abandoned,
being commanded by the rifle-pits on Cemetery-
hill ; but the hill itself was at length gallantly car-
ried, with only three wounded. The want of
ammunition, awl the ignorance in which Captain

Brassey was kept from none of the letters sent
reaching him, obliged the force to act with the
greatest prudence, and prevented it doing more for
several days than occasionally returning the fire of
the rebels who had succeeded in occupying rifie-
pits within one yard of the redoubts. The
rebels themselves began to get short of ammuni-
tion on the eleventh day, and were desirous
of proposing terms ; but the intelligence of
Major Rookes's force being close at hand dis-
persed them on the twelfth. Although our loss
was only three wounded, letters received by the
Colonial Secretary from natives in the neighbour-

Lood state the rebel loss to have been 50.

From Patea we learn that Lieut. Waring, 50th
Regiment, was shot on the 10th instant, while out
fowling. He and four men were up the river in a
boat, and were fired upon from scrub ; one ball
passed through his head, and another wounded a
private. All the privates escaped, but the boat, with
the officer's body, fell into the hands of the mur-
derers.

At Warea, further north towards Taranaki, Capt.
Close, in charge of the redoubt there, and a corporal,
were shot on July 28, a party of his men who were
engaged in cutting firewood having fallen into an
ambush ; two privates and a friendly native were
also wounded. On the following Wednesday, Capt.
Cay and a detachment of the 70th, part of a force
out reconnoitring in the neighbourhood, surprised a
body of rebels, bayoneted 11, shot several others,
and took five prisoners, three of whom, attempting
to escape while being escorted to the camp, were also
shot. As soon as the rebels recovered from their
surprise they again showed fight. Our loss during
the whole affair was severe. Lieut. Bally and four
privates were killed, and Lieut. Tyden and five pri-
vates wounded, two of whom have since died.
On the east coast the loyal natives about Waiapu
and Turanga, assisted by 80 of the Volunteer Rifles
from Napier, are still fighting the Hauhaus. The
friendly natives were pressed on one occasion, and
left five of their number dead on the field. The
Hauhaus ate them. None of the murderers of Mr.
Volkner have yet been captured. It is intended to
occupy Opotiki, the scene of that revolting murder,
opfossTibaluer.ariFgau,rtahefrouulortrathg,
eidnythhaesnteai
ehn-
basotstorhoonoads
place. A small cutter, the Kate, arrived at Wha-
katane on the evening of the 21st of July, and
next morning a boatload of visitors came off, and,
after partaking of breakfast, rose at a given signal,
and began murdering the passengers and crew, all
of whom were on deck, except a Government in-
terpreter, young Captain Fulloon. The captain and
mate were killed ; Captain Fulloon was shot in his
bunk, where he was unwell and asleep. Two other
passengers and the sailor were, after a struggle,
spared, and through the exertions of the principal
chief, who is a man much respected by the traders,
they were sent to the military camp at Maketu.
The interpreter, Captain Fulloon, was a half-caste,
for many years in the service of the Government,
and was commissioned by the Governor a few
months since to raise a native force on that coast,
but this he had been unable to do. The cutter was
burnt, after being stripped of every article that was
movable.
The news only came on Saturday, but I hear that
it has been determined to station a company or two
of soldiers on the coast, and send a colonial force of
400 or 500 to co-operate with the friendly natives
in securing the rebels concerned in these treacherous
murders.
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Zealand, I am able to congratulate you upon the partial
establishment of peace and the suppression of insurrection
in several of the disturbed districts in this island. I trust
that, while devising means for the suppression of outrages
which still occur, you will at the same time consider how
to insure the future peace of the country, and promote the
union of the two races by facilitating the admission of her
Majesty's subjects of the native race to a full and equal
participation in the principles of self-government. It is
my intention to invite certain native chiefs to meet at
Wellington, and a bill will be laid before you enabling me
to appoint from among them a commission to report and
advise upon the best means of obtaining parliamentary re-
presentation of the native race. The resolutions passed
by your respective Chambers in the last session of the
General Assembly: relative to the withdrawal from the
colony of her Majesty's land forces, were duly transmitted
by me to her Majesty's Secretary of State. From the tenour
of my most recent despatches I am led to infer that the
policy agreed to by you has been approved, and will be
fully adopted by the home government. The Taranaki
and Wanganui country has long been a focus of disaffec-
tion and fanaticism. Peace cannot be real or lasting which
is not preceded by the establishment of her Majesty's au-
thority in these districts, to be permanently secured by the
opening of roads and the formation of self-defending set-
tlements. Pending the decision of the home government,
I determined therefore to atail myself of the services of a
portion of the imperial troops, so long as they remained in
the colony, for the establishment of older in the district
between Taranaki and Wanganui, and I issued instruc-
tions accordingly to Lieut.-Gen. Cameron, which will be
laid before you. Contrary to my anticipations, delay took
place, which involved consequences fraught with disaster
and which led to fresh outbreaks in other parts of the co-
lony. I therefore ordered the colonial forces to advance
against the Wereroa pah, a movement which has resulted
in its capture. The thanks of the colony are due to Major
Rokes, commanding, and to the officers and men of her
Majesty's European and native colonial forces engaged in
this important operation. I also recognise the readiness
with which Brigadier-General Waddy, C. 8., Col. Trevor,
and the officers and men under their command, afforded me
all the assistance that was in their power, though precluded
by their orders from taking any active part in the opera-
tions against the enemy's stronghold. I am able in the
meantime to congratulate you on the improved state of the
settlement of Taranaki, and on the immediate prospect of
it ceasing to be a source of weakness to New Zealand. For
this result the colony is mainly indebted to the zeal, energy,
and ability of Col. Warre, C. 8., commanding the district,
and to the conduct of her Majesty's forces, imperial and
colonial, of both races, under his command. Additional
proof has been afforded throughout the operations at Ta-
ranald and Wanganui that the colony may rely with con-
fidence on the skill and gallantry of its own officers and
men, while the devoted courage evinced by the loyal na-
tives has placed beyond doubt the attachment of a large
portion of the native race to the Crown, to their European
fellow subjects, and to the cause of order against turbulence
and fanaticism. I shall now at once issue orders for the re-
turn to England of five regiments, which I trust and believe
may be quickly followed by the remainder of the imperial
troops. The conditions imposed upon the colony for the
full attainment of constitutional government in native as
well as in ordinary affairs will thus be fulfilled."

The Native Commission is intended to supersede
the proposed appointment for the present of chiefs
to the Legislative Council, that intention having
met with general disfavour, and is to consist of not
less than 20 nor more than 35 natives, and not less
than three nor more than five Europeans, who are
to report on affairs connected with the Maori race,
the duties of the commission to cease by the end
of the year. This commission may be politic as
leaving no means of pacification untried, yet it is
scarcely probable any good result will follow. None
followed from one held by Governor Browne at
Kohimarama five years ago ; indeed, it produced
much harm. The influence of the chiefs has passed
from them, and there is no means of binding a tribe
to any decision a conference might come to. Several
rebel conferences have been called by Thompson
and others in various places this year, and have been
largely attended, but the decided peace views thereat
expressed have been acted on or disowned just as
the individual of each tribe thought fit. The politi-
cal state of excitement in which the native race has
been for the last five years has so unsettled all the
habits of their old modes of industry that a return
to the monotony of their former life is only in a
slight degree immediately practicable, and none
know and feel this more than do the most enlight-
ened of the natives themselves. Difficult as it is to
bring about peace, it will be still more difficult to
maintain it, unless preparation is made to repress
and punish the insulted acts of outrage that may be
expected to occur.
The ordering home of five regiments will, no doubt,
be very satisfactory to the home authorities, and it
ought to prove that the self-reliant police of the
Weld Ministry is a reality, and not a mere paper
pretence. The documents laid before the Assembly
fully show three things—first, that the Weld Minis-
try regarded the West Coast campaign mainly as a
means of usefully using the troops during the period
they were instructed to remain, and in no way to
serve as an excuse for keeping them indefinitely in
the colony ; secondly, that it has been owing to
General Cameron's political views that that cam-
paign was not over in less than as many weeks as it
occupied months ; and, thirdly, that the five regi-
ments (or some of them) would have been under
orders long ago if the home authorities had vested
the power of control in the Governor, instead of
leaving it entirely in the hands of the General. It
is a point that ought distinctly to be borne in mind
that Earl de Grey placed the discretion of keep-
ing or sending home any portion of the troops
solely in the hands of the General, and that it is
only by a despatch of Mr. Cardwell, received
last month, that the discretion has been transferred
to the Governor. Having, previously to the change,
in vain urged General Cameron to withdraw a por-
tion of the troops, and offered to provide such a
colonial force as might be deemed necessary, Mr.
Weld and his colleagues informed the Governor of
their intention to resign when they had stated the
case to the then approaching Assembly ; but on the
power of removal being by last mail vested in the
Governor, his Excellency at once consented to adopt
their advice, and the preparation for the return of
five regiments now only await the arrival from
Australia of the new Commander, Major-General
Chute. . The colonists are not insensible to what
they owe to England for the generous manner in
which troops were poured into the colony in their
time of need. Nor are they ungrateful for what
those troops have done, and while they consider
that more ought to have been done they know
that what has been left undone is mainly the fault
of the system.

11 O'CLOCK A.M.

Although not publicly announced, I understand
that Mr. Fitzgerald has accepted the Ministership of
Native Affairs. Mr. Mantell resigned three weeks
ago, really, though not professedly, because General
Cameron had used language in writing of him to the
Governor such as no gentleman would brook. The
office has been strongly pressed on Dr. Featherston,
who declined it because he can at present do more for
the pacification of this portion of New Zealand by
exerting his influence as superintendent, and also
because General Cameron had made some grosS,
though absurd, imputations on his motives in re-
ference to the Waitotara block. Mr. Fitzgerald is
the author of the letter to Mr. Adderley that ap-
peared in the Times last November or December.
He is extreme in his views on native matters, ex-
treme in the sense of treating them precisely as if
they were Europeans in everything. It was generally
thought that the views expressed in his letter to
the Times would have rendered it incompatible for
hun to work with Governor Grey. It is, however,
more than whispered that Governor Grey will not
long remain in New Zealand, having applied by last
mail, in
averyearnet manner.o
, thaht
hishe might be
relievedall from the governorship
very much will depend, and it is to be hoped that
what I have on former occasions written in reference
to this subject will not be lost sight of.

THE EASTERN FISHERIES.---The Great Yarmouth
boats have been prosecuting the herring fishery with vari-
able succors. Some boats have already realised £4OO, while
others have only realised £5O. Prices have ranged at from
£9 to £22 per last. At Lowestoft prices have ranged from
3s. 6d. to Gs. 10(1. per 100 (132).

SPREADING OF THE CATTLE PLAGUE AT HIGH-
GATE AND HORNSEY.—Yesterday, at the Highgate police-
court, Mr. Farnall and Mr. Potter, the inspectors appointed
by the justices, attended to make their weekly report. Mr.
Farnall regretted to state that the plague was spreading in
the district, and mentioned several places where it had
broken out, and the means adopted to prevent its spread-
ing. Mr. Skaifo (the clerk to the magistrates) said there
were some new Orders in Council which the magistrates
had not as yet had time to consider, but the inspectors
would be informed when they were to make their reports.
A new regulation would be adopted on the subject.

MIDDLESEX SESSIONS—Oct. 16.

The October adjourned quarter sessions of the peace for
the county of Middlesex commenced this morning at the
Sessions House, Clerkenwell-green, before Mr. Bodkin,
Assistant-Judge, Mr. Joseph Payne, Deputy Assistant-
Judge, and the following magistrates :—Dr. Jervis, Mr.
Woolsey, Mr. Rankin, Mr. Stutfield, Sir James Tyler, Mr
Healey, Mr. John Bentley, and Mr. Warren.
The calendar, considering the short time which has
elapsed since the last session, is numerically heavy, there
being 109 prisoners committed for trial.
The Grand Jury having been sworn, the Assistant-
Judge very briefly addressed them, and they retired to
their room.

George Hodley, 20, shoemaker, was indicted for breaking
into the dwelling-house of William Bastin, and stealing
therein two quilts and other articles, his property.
From the statement of the prosecutor, it appeared that
he was a cabinetmaker, residing in Gibraltar-walk, St.
George's-in-the-East. On the night of the 20th of Sep-
tember he saw the prisoner outside his house, and he ap-
peared to be watching him. The prosecutor was away for
a few minutes, and on his return he heard cries of "Mur-
der" and "Thieves" proceeding from persons who were
calling out inside the house. He immediately ran in, and
found his sister lying at the bottom of the stairs, and appa-
rently very much injured. A short distance from her, also
at the bottom of the stairs, ho found the prisoner struggling
violently with his (prosecutor's) wife, and she was also
calling out "Murder." He went to her assistance, pulled
the prisoner away, and held him until a policeman came,
and he was given into custody. While he was holding the
prisoner, he said, "I am very sorry I had not given you
three inches of steel." When the prisoner was gone he went
into the front room and found the drawers open and the
contents ransacked. Two quilts, four shawls, and the other
articles produced, wero packed up ready to be taken away.
Mrs. Lamb, sister of the prosecutor, and who resided next
door, seeing a light in her brother's house, called out, but
getting no answer she went to the front of the house, and
while there Mrs. Bastin came up and they entered the
house together, and upstairs they found the drawers all open
and the prisoner standing behind the door. The women
both caught hold of him to detain him, but he at first threw
Mrs. Lamb headlong down stairs. Shortly afterwards he
threw Mrs. Bastin down stairs, but she struggled with the
prisoner and called out "Murder," and in the midst of the
struggle Mr. Bastin came in, and the prisoner was secured.
Patrick Moran, police-constable 21 H, on going to the
house took the prisoner into custody, and on searching him
found in his'pocket a screwdriver, spring-back knife, and
a bunch of skeleton keys, and the prisoner said he opened
the door with one of those keys. This constable also
heard the prisoner say he was sorry that he had not given
the prosecutor three inches of steel.
The jury immediately found the prisoner guilty.
A number of previous convictions were ready to be
proved against The prisoner by Mr. George King, school-
master at Coldbath-fields prison, but
The Assistant Judge said he regretted the former con-
viction had not formed the subject of a separate indict-
ment, and then he would have been able to have dealt with
him in a more adequate manner. As it was he should
sentence him to the full extent that he was able to do, and
that was that he be kept to penal servitude for five years.
He ordered the two women to receive a reward of £1 each
for their courageous conduct in detaining the prisoner.
John Healey, 19, was indicted for stealing wearing ap-
parel and other articles, the property of Bridget Murphy,
in her dwelling-house.
Mr. Ribton prosecuted ; Mr. Orridge defended the pri-
soner.

The prosecutrix was a poor washerwoman, living at
No. 10, Horace-street, Lisson-grove, and it appeared that
during her absence the prisoner had made his way into the
woman's room and carried off all the articles he could lay
his hands upon. The prisoner having got possession of
the articles, employed a boy who lived in the neighbour-
hood to go and sell them at a wardrobe shop, and the
owner, knowing the boy, and also his parents, bought
them without hesitation. The prisoner was not taken into
custody until the Brd of October.
Mr. Orridge addressed the jury for the prisoner, and he
was found guilty. ,

Thos. Hughes, police-constable 86 D, and Mr. Goorge
King, schoolmaster at Coldbath-fields prison, proved seve-
ral convictions against him.

The Assistant-Judge said this was the last time he would
have any sentence of imprisonment, and the next time he
would be sent away. The sentence on him was 12 months'
hard labour.

George Deller, 24, and Edwin Price, 24, were indicted
for stealing 561 b. and upwards of lead, the property of the
Right Hon. Henry Charles, Earl of Cadogan, the said lead
being fixed to a public building.
The prisoner pleaded-guilty.

Mr. Lumley Smith, who appeared for the prosecution,
said this robbery was committed while the house was un-
occupied.
Nunn and Ryall proved a previous conviction against
each of the prisoners.
The Assistant-Judge sentenced Price to imprisonment
for two years and Deller for one year.
John Brooks, 22, carman, was indicted for embezzling
the sum of 30s. received by him for and on account of W.
Henry Smith, his master. There was a second indictment
against him for stealing a gold ring, value £1 125., the
property of Wm. Lucas.
The prisoner pleaded guilty to both indictments.
Mr. Orridge said tho prosecutor in this case was Mr. W.
Henry Smith, the extensive newsvender in the Strand, and
the prisoner was in his service, and was ene of the men
employed to take out newspapers in carts, deliver them,
and receive the money for them. On the 25th September he
took out papers for nine customers in the district of Bel-
gravia, but only paid the money for six of them, and he
absconded with that received from the other three. Infor-
mation was given to the police, and four or five days after-
wards Sergeant Ackrell, 15 F, succeeded in apprehending
the prisoner at a coffee-shop in Drury-lane, and on search-
ing him found sewn up in the lining of his waistcoat a pawn
ticket for a gold ring, which the prisoner had stolen from a
fellow-lodger.
The Assistant-Judge said had there been any previous con-
viction against him ho should have sent him away to penal
servitude. He sentenced him to be imprisoned and kept to
hard labour for two years..

Mary Brien, 30, was indicted for stealing a pair of
trousers and other articles, the property of Michael Ryan.
The prosecutor is a man-of-war's man, belonging to the
Racoon, and on the sth of October he came up with other
shipmates by railway trom Portsmouth. On arriving at
London-bridge all the sailors adjourned to a public-house
adjacent, where they had something to drink, and it seemed
that some time after, being then in a very muddled state,

he fell in with the prisoner, and was induced to accompany
her to a house in Glasshouse-yard, Whitechapel. Accord-
ing to his account,. immediately he got into a room he fell

asleep on a bed, and on his awakening in the morning he
found he was minus his trousers, containing £2 10s. in
gold and 4s. in silver, together with his blue shirt. He
went down stairs, where ho saw the prisoner, and asked
her to give him up his trousers ; but she said the landlord
had got possession of them for the rent of the room. The
prosecutor borrowed a pair of moleskin trousers and went
to the station, and it was found that the sailor's trousers,
his shirt, and two neckties had been pawned in the neigh-
bourhood by a companion of the prisoner.
The jury found the prisoner guilty, and a previous con•
viction of 18months' imprisonment at this court was proved

against her.
Police-constable Andrew, 262 11, said he had known the
prisoner for the last ten years as a prostitute and thief, and
she went about late at night picking up drunken people.
During that time she had been locked up more than thirty
times for felony and assaults, and was connected with a
most notorious gang of thieves. The house was a common

brothel, and one of the lowest places at the east end of
L andon.

The Assistant-Judge said that the prisoner was one of
those persons who had been known for ten years as having
decoyed persons to this den and then robbing them. When
she was last convicted and sentenced to 18 months impri-
sonment she was told she would next have penal servitude,
and the sentence on her now was that she be kept in penal
servitude for seven years.
(Before Mr. Payne.)
Edward Durham, 30, French polisher, was indicted for
stealing a purse and the sum of ss. 61, the moneys of Henry
Gentery, from Mary Gentery.
William Gordon, police-constable 33 C, said at 9 o'clock
on the night of the sth of October, he was on duty in plain
clothes in St. Martin's-lane, and there saw the prisoner and
three others following the prosecutrix, who was drunk,
into the Crown and Thistle public-house. He went into
an adjoining compartment, and saw the prisoner and his
companions fumbling about the prosecutrix's pocket. As
soon as the woman went into the public-house, who knew
him, he left the house and stood in a doorway. In about a
quarter of an hour the prisoner and his companions came
out and ran away, and he pursued them for upwards of half
an hour, and, after a violent struggle, the prisoner was
secured. While this was going on the prisoner and witness
were two or three times down on the grfrund together, and
the prosecutrix's purse was picked up near the spot where
they fell.
Police-constable Philip Shrives, 82 C, corroborated this
evidence.

The jury found the prisoner guilty.
Gordon and George Lockyer, officers at the House of
Correction, Coldbath-fields, proved several previous con-
victions against tho prisoner.
Mr. Payne sentenced him to be kept in penal servitude
for seven years.

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The Late Fatal Collision on the Great

Northern Railway.

Yesterday Mr. W. Carter, the coroner for Surrey, re-
sumed an inquiry at the Duke of Devonshire Tavern,
Balham, respecting the death of Mrs, Mary Young, the
wife of a florist residing in the neighbourhood, who died
from the effects of injuries sustained' by the collision at
the Colney Hatch Station of the Great Northern Railway.
Mr. Wontner appeared for the Great Northern Railway
Company ; Mr. Sleigh, the barrister, for the Midland Rail-
way Company ; Mr. Bosley for the relatives of the deceased
lady ; and Mr. Lewis for Nutt, the driver of the Midland
excursion train, in which the deceased was travelling.
s.
The proceedings occupied the whole day, and a large
amount of evidence was received, but the following narra-
tive will be found to contain the main facts :—On the
afternoon of the 30th of August the deceased was return-
ing to London from Nottingham, by an excursion train
which was stated to be in charge of the Midland Railway
Company. The train stopped at Hitchin for a short time,
and then went on, passed Barnet, and came in collision
with some coal trucks which were being shunted at the
Colney Hatch Station. The deceased sustained some serious
injury to her leg, and was removed to her own residence at
Balham, where, after a month's suffering, she died on the
Ist of October, from the effects of the injury which she
had met with in the collision. It appeared that the coal
train stopped at the Colney Hatch Station, at twenty-
three minutes past seven o'clock, to shunt a cattle truck.
Tho signalman hoisted the danger-signal both at the
station and at the distance signal, the latter being 200
yards from the station. The shunting of the truck occu-
pied three minutes, and the coal train was about re-start-
ing when it was discovered that the bar of one of the
trucks had broke, and it was necessary to shunt the train
again. The signalman at Barnet had been telegraphed
that the line was blocked at Colney Hatch, and to put the
danger-signal so as to stop the approaching train passing
on towards London. In the course of six or seven minutes
after the coal train had been first brought up at Colney
Hatch, the Midland excursion train came up and ran into
the coal trucks, which had not all been shunted.
Henry Allen, the signalman at Colney Hatch, said ho
was positive the danger signal was on both at the station
and at the distance when the excursion train approached.
It was coming very fast and he did not hear any whistle
to indicate that an attempt was being made to slacken the
speed.
William Goodman, one of the guards of the excursion
train, said they passed Barnet at from 80 to 40 miles an
hour. They slackened speed as they passed through the
tunnel between Colney Hatch and Barnet, and he applied
the brake, but he had no signal given him to do so. Ho
looked out, and saw there was the danger signal up. He
then heard the whistle to apply the brake, and shortly
afterwards the collision took place. He saw Nutt, the
driver of the engine, and said it was a bad job, and asked
him how he managed to run into the coal train. The
driver replied that he was unable to stop. Nutt subse-
quently remarked that he was under the impression that
the line would be clear at Colney Hatch, because he only
received a caution signal (green signal) at Barnet, his im-
pression being that they would not allow him to pass one
station if all was not clear at the next. The driver should
have slackened his speed on seeing the green light, but he
did not notice any reduction until they had passed into the
tunnel. He could not account for the train not stopping,
unless the driver diti not observe the signal in time, or
that the speed was too great for him to bring her up.
Mr. Lewis then proposed that the coroner should exa-
mine Nutt, the driver of the excursion train.
Joseph Nutt, the engine-driver, was accordingly sworn,
and after being cautioned by the coroner to the effect that
he was not bound to criminate himself, he said that he was
now living at Derby, and had been some years in the ser-
vice of the Midland Railway Company. He had charge of
the engine of the excursion train which left Derby on the
afternoon of the 30th of August for London. He stopped
at Hitchin to take in water, and re-started at 6.50 p.m. On
coming to Barnet the green caution light was on the sema-
phore. He went on because as he understood the green
(caution) light, it intimated that the line was clear, and
that there was nothing between Barnet and the next sta-
tion. There was nothing up at Barnet but the green light,
which working on the block system, as practised on the
Midland Railway, would mean that there was no obstruc-
tion on the line. When he saw the distance signal at
Colney Hatch on rod and the semaphore the same, he
opened the whistle, and the fireman put on the brakes in-
stantly. He kept the whistle going for the guard to
put on the brakes, and when he found the train was
not stopping he reversed the steam, but he was unable
to pull up before striking the trucks. After passing
Barnet he reduced the speed. After the accident he found
that the brake on the first van was on the block.

James Brice, the fireman of the excursion train, gave
similar evidence as to the speed being slackened after pass-

ing Barnet.
The Coroner summed up, and left the jury to say whe-
ther the engine-driver had been guilty of such an amount
of negligence, in the way ho performed his duty, as would
mako him criminally responsible for the death of the de-
ceased. If they should be of opinion that ho had exercised
ordinary care and skill in the discharge of his duties, they
would exonerate him from blame, but if, on the other
hand, they came to the conclusion that ho had shown
such a want of care and attention as would amount to cul-
pable negligence, then it would be their duty to send the
case before another tribunal.
The Jury, after some consultation, returned a verdict of
Accidental Death, imputing no blame to the driver.

The Late Mysterious Death in Bloomsbury.

4.

Yesterday Dr. Hard wicke, the deputy coroner for central
Middlesex, resumed the adjourned inquiry respecting the
death of Philip Jacob Minden, an Hungarian interpreter,
who, it will be remembered, expired suddenly and under
very suspicious circumstances at the St. George's Coffee-
house, Orange-street, Red Lion-square, on Friday week.
The landlord of the L'Etoile Hotel, Great Windmill-
street, was first examined, but he was unable to speak to
any of the circumstances of the case of his own personal
knowledge.
It was at the above hotel that the deceased, with a man
named Pagannis, drank some white wine.
Quatrine Caesar, waiter at the hotel, having been sworn,
stated through an interpreter that he remembered deceased
and another man (Pagannis) entering the hotel and calling
for a bottle of the best white wine. Before drinking any
of the wine deceased sat down and complained of being ill,
and then got up and went to the water closet. When he
returned he poured out a glass of wine and immediately
went back to the water closet. When he returneda second
time he drank part of a second glass of wine and no more,
and ate a small sponge cake. Tho two (Pagannis and
deceased) then left the house, having stopped altogether
about 20 minutes. They went as they came, in a cab, but
witness did not know whether they went away in the cab
that they came in.
A stranger in court here interfered.and asked if Pagannis
drank any of the wine.
Witness replied, through the interpreter, that Pagannis
drank all the wino except part of a glassful!, which de-
ceased drank.
Dr. Septimus Gibbon, medical officer of health of St. An-
drew's district, said he had received several jars from Dr.
Roberts containing portions of the stomach and other parts
of the body of deceased, together with the wine the latter
left in his glass, for anal) sis. He had not found any traces
of poison, and had not formed a decided opinion as to the
cause of death. The symptoms deceased exhibited were
those which would result from aconite poisoning, but he
could not discover any of that poison. One of his tests
was unsatisfactory, exhibiting slight traces of poison, but
his after-experiments did not verify the result of that test,
as he administered portions of the suspected part to two
cats, without in the least affecting them. The symptoms
were those of poisoning, but he did not find any poison.
He should say that death was caused by congestion of the
.brain, brought on by injudicious feeding, he being led to
that view by the distended state of the stomach, which
contained meat, the greater portion of which was hard and
gristly. The intestines were in a loose state.
The Deputy-coroner, in summing up, said he did not think
the jury need inquire any further. To his mind the case was
perfectly clear. All the appearances were those of an attack
of epilepsy, or brain disease; and that attack was fully ac-
counted for by Dr. Roberts, who said that it was caused by
injudicious feeding. A circumstance which would favour
such an attack was, that upon deceased saying he thought
he was poisoned, an emetic was given him which, in his
debilitated state, would seriously affect him.
The jury, after a short deliberation, returned a verdict
that deceaseddiedthrough congestion of the brain, brought
on by injudicious feeding.
Dr. Gibbon incidentally mentioned that he discovered
traces of zinc poisoning, but that was accounted for by the
emetic given.

THE MANCHESTER LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHI-
CAL SOCIETY.—At the last meeting of this society,
a paper was road "On the internal heat of the earth as a
source of motive:power," by Mr. G. Greaves, M.R.C.S., of
which the following is an abstract:—lt has been very gene-
rally admitted that coal will not cease to be furnished be-
cause of the exhaustion of the stores of the mineral now
existing in the coal measures; and further, that the obstacles
to the continued working of the mines will not be engi,
neering difficulties. The increased depth from which the
coal will have to be brought may add to the cost, but at
that increased cost it will still be for a long time obtainable.
The author considered the real insurmountable obstacle to
be th 3 high temperature of the lower portions of the car-
boniferous strata. The temperature had been shown to be
at a depth of 4,000 ft. at least 120 deg.Fah., a degree of heat
in which human beings cannot exist for any lehgth of time,
much less use any exertion. It had occurred to the author
to inquire whether the very agency which will prevent the
continued supply of fossil fuel might not be the means of
rendering that supply unnecessary—whether, in short, the
internal heat of the earth might not to some extent be uti-
lised. One or two modes of doing this had presented them-
selves to his mind. One of these might, he conceived, be the
direct production of steam power by bringing a supply of
water from the surface in contact with the heated strata by
means of artesian borings or otherwise.