The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 22, 1862.

of a rocket, and the whole of the crew—five men—
got safely out; a pig, which was on board as a sort
of a pet, jumped overboard and swam ashore. It
is a terribly poor-looking animal, quite a shadow as
compared with an English pig, and to this was
probably owing its activity. The ship went to
pieces in three hours, and the sea for a long
distance was tinged with the red colour of the ore.
On the same day a billyboy, 65 tons register, and
laden with 110 tons of Portland stone, of Goole,
from Portland to London, foundered at sea, and
had it not been for the assistance of a fishing
smack, the lives of the crew and the master's
wife and six children would in all probability have
been sacrificed. The master, S. K. Green, states
that he left Portland on Thursday about 3 o'clock,
and early on Friday morning experienced heavy
weather, in consequence of which the craft sprung
a leak. The other two men and himself worked
incessantly at the pumps, but the water continued
to gain on them, notwithstanding their strenuous
exertions to keep her afloat. In the afternoon she
was observed by the crew of the Wave fishing
smack, of Bolchester, Dorman master, about five
miles to the westward, and nine miles south-east
of Newhaven. Perceiving that she was disabled,
the Wave ran up to her, and the master begged the
crew to assist them. It was impossible for the
smack to get near, and the sea ran so fearfully high
as to make it very dangerous to venture out in
their small boat. Notwithstanding this, Dorman,
the master of the smack, leaving two men on
board, launched his boat, quite a cockle shell,
comparatively speaking, and with three other brave
men went to their assistance. The boat was nearly
swamped several times; but at last they managed to
get on board the billyboy. Here a truly heartrend-
ing scene awaited them. The bulwarks were all
gone, the boat was stove in, and the sea was making
a clear sweep over them. The three men were
utterly exhausted, and the state of the poor woman
and her six children who were below may be more
easily imagined than described. They were sitting
huddled together in nearly three feet of water,
which was also pouring in from the desk. The
youngest child is only six months old, and the
cries of the poor creatures were so piteous as almost
to unnerve the strongest man. The difficult task of
taking Mrs. Green and the children on board the
smack was successfully carried out, although the
boat was half-full of water, Dorman and his three
men worked at the pumps for nearly three-
quarters of an hour without any perceptible
diminution of waters in the hold. It was, there-
fore, determined to abandon her, which was accord-
ingly done, and every one got safely aboard the
smack. In less than five minutes the billyboy sank
with everything belonging to the poor creatures
except the scanty clothes they stood in. This was
about five miles off Beachy Head, and Dorman de-
termined to beat up to Newhaven; after much buf-
feting by the wind and waves they reached New-
haven harbour about nine o'clock, four hours and a
half after the billyboy sank. On Sunday evening
the approach of the Newhaven and Dieppe steam-
boat was anxiously looked for. She came in at high
tide, safely passed the piers, notwithstanding the
heavy sea, and was moored amid the cheers of those
who ventured to see her come in. Such a severe
storm has not been known for years.

LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY.

The severe gale continues at Liverpool and Holy-
head, and up to the present time there are the fol-
lowing additional jdisasters to report :—The Quasi
Rosa is wrecked at Formby, and the crew are sup-
posed to be drowned ; too rough to render assist-
ance. The City of Ottawa, from Calcutta, and the
Carrier Dove, from New York, dragged foul of each
other while at anchor in the Sloyne. The Carrier
Dove lost her anchor, and is severely damaged.
This morning the Reliance, ship, ran into the Wil-
liam Henry, from Boston to Liverpool. The latter
ship was abandoned in a sinking condition. The
Locadia, from Baltimore, had a pilot put on board
from No. 6 boat on Sunday, and has not been heard
of since.

SHIELDS, TUESDAY NOON.

The gale, which blew heavily from the N.W. last
night, moderated this morning ; and though we
have a strong wind, the day is clear and bright.
No more mischief has been done on the Tyne.
The clubs, however, have intelligence this morn-
ing that half-a-dozen north country colliers, which
left the Tyne in the middle of last week, are ashore
in the neighbourhood of Yarmouth Roads. There is
no intelligence of the vessels which left the Tyne on
Saturday, and seafaring people are very anxious
with regard to them. The ship Clarendon, which
broke her line off Souter Point, and drove out to sea,
in the middle of the gale, has not cast up yet. An-
other large ship, which sailed from Hull to Shields
on Sunday night, there is reason to believe without
ballast, and would ego out of the Humber into the
heart of the gale, is causing great anxiety to her
owners and underwriters. Three seamen were
drowned in the Tyne on Sunday night. A lad named
Fraser, a man from on board the Huntley, and a
sailor named Carter, who fell into Shields Harbour.

DUBLIN, MONDAY NIGHT.

The gale already reported continued to rage
throughout Sunday night, and the greater part of this
day, with almost unabated violence. No casualties
of any note o2curred on the coast, as the wind blew
from the westward. The mail steamer Munster was
literally blown over to Holyhead, but on her return
passage this morning experienced the full brunt of
the wind and waves, the latter breaking over her
hurricane deck, bridge, and funnels. She was de-
tained at Holyhead till four a.m., the down mail
train being delayed owing to the obstructive power
of the wind and the blowing out of various distance
signal lamps on the line. The Munster did not, con-
sequently, arrive at Kingstown till nine a.m,, hav-
ing made a splendid passage of four hours and a
half. She has tonight been replaced on the passage
by the Ulster. A boat which had been employed
to convey an officer on board one of the gun boats
in Kingstown Harbour filled with water, the men
just reaching the vessel in time to save their lives.
The mail steamer Leinster experienced a very rough
passage this evening, arriving at 7.15 p.m. She
reports no wrecks on the Welsh coast as far as
known at the time of her departure from Holyhead.

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE
WEEK.

(From the Registrar-General's Weekly Return.)
It appears from the weekly returns issued by the
Registrar-General that the deaths registered in
London in the week that ended last Saturday were
1,181. The average number of deaths in the weeks
corresponding with last week in the ten years 1852-
61 is found, with a correction for increase of popu-
lation, to be 1,159. The rate of mortality in last
week exceeded the average, but the excess is not
considerable.

There were twelve deaths in the week from small-
pox, and 61 from measles. Nine of these 61 oc-
curred in Bethnal-green. Scarlatina was fatal in
75 cases, 4 of which were in Somers-town, 5 in
Kennington. Sixty-three deaths from typhus were
recorded, 5 of these in Hoxton New Town, 5 in
Limehouse, and 6 in the district of Poplar.
Five deaths of infants are referred in the tables
to the head " murder or manslaughter."
A girl, aged 1 year, died of " impetigo (4 months),
want of proper cleanliness." A charwoman died
at 6, Everard-street (St. George-in-the-East), of
"typhus (6 days) ;" and it is stated that there are
other cases of typhus in the same house, and that
the apartments in which the death occurred was
in " a wretched and squalid condition."
Five persons, who were 91 years of age and up-
wards died in the week. A market woman died on the
11th of October in St. Giles Workhouse, whose age
is stated to have been 104 years. It is added that
"shenartewtaninekedthheerbifratchusltniefs
9t4o4the last."
d 919
ten corresponding weeks
o registered e iyne
aLondon.rslBsg2i Ina
in all 1,863 children, were boys
the average number (corrected) was 1,811.
the
At thelleYablaromeartva.tory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the
readings
the week was 29.608 in.
and fell
The barometrical
in. on
Thursday,
mean temperature of the air nin. on Saturday. The
to 29n% rose to 29.93
the week was 53.9
degs., which is 4 dege. above the average of the same

week in 43 years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher).
The mean daily temperature was above the average
on every day till Saturday ; and on Tuesday and
Wednesday it was respectively 9.9 degs. and 8.4
degs. above the average. The highest day tempera-
ture was 71.4 deg. on Wednesday ; the lowest night
temperature was 40.3 degs. on Saturday. The range
of the thermometer in the week was therefore 30.1
deg. The mean daily range was 13.8 degs. The dif-
ference between the mean dew-point temperature
aonf dhuamiridteimtypoefrathtuerneiwr awsa3s.7B9d,e
gcso.mTphl eet me
saturation
ne
esaant udreagt
being represented by 100, which point
was almost
attained on Sunday and Saturday. The rain-fall
was 1.61 in., nearly an inch having fallen on Sa-
turday.

METROPOLITAN WATERS TN SEPT., 1862.

The waters used in the metropolis for domestic
purposes, according to the analysis of Dr. Robt. D.
Thomson, F.R.S., approach the composition which
they exhibited last month. Some of the Thames
waters contain rather more organic matter than in
the previous month. For the sake of comparison the
constitution of a well at Brighton is given, contain-
ing a large amount of organic impurity. In the
Kent Company's water the small amount of organic
matter was oxidised, and therefore innocuous.

Total impurity Organic im-
per gallon. purity.
gre. or deg. gra. or deg.
0.0 0.0

Distilled Water ...
Loch Katrine water, new supply
to Glasgow 2.35 •605
Manchester water supply
Well at Brighton 63.60 17.52
THAMES COMPANIES.
Chelsea

Southwark

Grand Junction

17/6

West Middlesex 18.16
Lambeth
OTHER COMPANIES.

Kent
East London

New River

16.88

The table is read thus—Loch Latrine water contains in the
gallon 2'35 degrees or grains of foreign matter in solution,
of which '605 degrees or grains arc of vegetable or animal

CITY CO UR7 OP SEWERS.

The weekly meeting
.of the Commissioners of
Sewers was held yesterday in the Sewers Court-
room, at Guildhall ; Mr. de Jersey presiding.
For some time past the City authorities have been
appealed to to take some steps to render it less
difficult for foot passengers to cross the streets in
the City, where the traffic is so great as to render
crossing the roads a matter of great difficulty and
even danger. Yesterday Mr. Deputy Lott brought
the matter before the court, and moved, " That it
be referred to the General Purposes Committee to
consider the practicability of constructing iron
bridges over certain portions of the streets, whereby
foot passengers cross them without danger, delay,
or difficulty." _ _ _

Mr. Deputy ELLIOTT seconded the motion, which
was supported by Mr. Deputy Harrison and Mr. J.

Young.
Dr. ABRAHAM, however, opposed the motion, and
thought there were so many difficulties in the way as
to render the undertaking impracticable.
The motion, however, was agreed to.
Dr. LETHEBY, the medical officer, reported on the
state of 172 houses which had been inspected during
the week, and he submitted a list of 67 places for
sanitary improvement. He likewise submitted a
list of places requiring further proceedings, on ac-
count of orders already issued not having been com-
plied with. He reported that the markets and
slaughter-houses had been duly inspected during
the week, and that the officers had seized 3,924 lbs.
of meat and 7,017 head of game as unfit for human
food. It consisted of 14 sheep, 4 pigs, 10 quarters
of beef, and numerous joints. About one-third was
diseased, and the rest was putrid.
53 deaths and 64 births have been registered dur-
ing the week. The number of deaths is a little above
the average (50) for the corresponding period of the

last seven years. 20 of the deaths were among
children of less than five years of age, and 13 among
old persons of 60 and upwards. The chief causes of
death were diseases of a chronic character ; but there
were 7 deaths from phthisis, 7 from mesenteric dis-
ease, 2 from pneumonia, 4 from bronchitis, 3 from
continued fever, and 3 from scarlet fever, making 14
deaths from tubercular diseases, 6 from inflamma-
tory affections of the lungs, and 6 from diseases of
the zymotic class.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.

GREAT INDIAN PENINSULA.

The following is the report of the director, to be
presented to the proprietors at the half-yearly
general meeting on Friday next :
"The board of directors have the pleasure of sub-
mitting to the proprietors herewith the various
statements of aceonnts for the half-year ending 30th
of June last, duly signed by the auditors. The
gross earnings of the half-year in respect of the
4371- miles open amount to £239,687 13s. ld., or
£547 lOs. 10d. per mile. Of this sum, however,
only £167,145 lls. 9d. is brought into the
revenue statement, the difference, £72,542 ls.
4d., having been first deducted from the re-
ceipts, in accordance with previous practice, to
meet the cost of passing the traffic across the
gaps in the railway system at the Bhore and Thull
Ghats, and at the Goolbun Ravine. The work-
ing expenses, as shown in the revenue statement,
amounted to £103,714 13s. 3d. or 62.10 per
cent. of the above-mentioned sum of £167,145 lls.
9d., leaving £63,430 11.s_ 6d. as net profit, to be
carried to the credit of the company's interest ac-
count with the Government. It affords the directors
much satisfaction to bring to the notice of the pro.
prietors the steady increase of the traffic and receipts.
Throughout the half year the railway open for traffic
and the whole of the rolling stock and machinery in
use, are reported to have been thoroughly upheld at
the expense of revenue. The cost of maintenance of
the line and works was equal to Bd. per train mile.
The proprietors will be gratified to find from the
engineer's report that very satisfactory progress is
being made with the remaining portions of the line
under construction. The works in substitution for
the Goolbun viaduct have been completed, and the
through railway communication to the foot of the
Thull Ghat thereby restored. An additional length
of 58 miles from Chalesgaum to Sulgaum, on the
north-east line, having been finished, was to be in-
spected by the government consulting engineer on
the 15th September tilt, previously to opening it
for public traffic; and on the Bhore Ghat incline
the works are in so forward a state as to lead to the
expectation that that section will certainly be
completed and opened for traffic by the end of March
next. It will be also observed that in the course of
the ensuing season the north-east line will be com-
pleted as far as Sheagaum, a village 62 miles long.
Contract No. 13, well situated for a temporary ter-
minus, being in the centre of the cotton districts and
cultivated plains of West Berar. The directors
have the melancholy duty of announcing to the
proprietors the death, on the 25th August last, of
Mr. James J. Berkeley, M.1.C.E., the company's
chief resident engineer in India. Mr. Berkeley,
from the commencement of operations in January,
1850, down to the beginning of last year, when his
failing health compelled his return to England,
kh the whole
eh
toh)
with
o int dh u
src
ket emi
Id]
remarkable
the entire
devotion, ofe nthtier ssatisfaction
energy,engineeringad op operations
at i
engineer-
ingtohn
e
directors. In order to record more perma-
nently their sense of the valuable services. which
Mr. Berkeley rendered to the company, the board
have directed a tablet to be erected to his
memory in
some favourable conspicuous position at the Bhore
Ghat Incline. Mr. R. W. Graham, the second
engineer, has been appointed chief resident engi-
neer. Consequent upon the amount of capital
having been raised to £11,000,000, as mentioned
in the last half-yearly report, the directors recom-
mend that the secretary's salary be increased from
£9OO to £l,OOO per annum ; to meet which, and
other necessary expenses, the sanction of the
Right Hon. the Secretary of State for India in
Council has been given to an addition to the
home establishment charges."

DUTCH-RHENISH.
The receipts for the fortnight ending Sept. 30,
1862, amouuted to £10,236 7s. 6141., and for thecor-
responding period of last year to £9,564 lls. Bd.,
showing an increase of £671 15s. 101 d. in favour
of the present year. The receipts since the com-
mencement of the present book year, on the Ist

May, including the above, amounted to £99,816 12s. '
81d., showing an increase, as compared with the
corresponding period of last year, of £6,341 17s.
101 d. The working expenses for the fortnight
amounted to £3,552 19s. Bd., or 34.70 per cent.
of the receipts, and for the corresponding period of
last year to £3,141 ls. 2d., or 32.84 per cent.,
showing an increase of expenses amounting to
£4ll 18s. 6d. against the present year. The work-
ing expenses from May 1, 1862, to Sept 30, 1862,
amounted to £35,319 16s. 4d., or 35.38 per cent. of
the receipts. The working expenses for the year
1861-62 were 38.45 per cent. of the receipts.

TIIE EXPENDITURE OF THE CONFE-

DERA7E STATES.

(Prom the Economist.)

Nothing, even in recent American history, is
more remarkable than the almost complete igno-
rance in this country with respect to the financial
position of the Confederate States. We know they
must have obtained much money, for such a war as
they have maintained cannot be supported without '
much money. But exactly how great their re-
sources have been we cannot say, and whence the
resources have been derived we are wholly ignorant.
Some information has now, however, been received
by the professed friends of the South in this coun-
try, which, if its completeness should be confirmed
and its accuracy established, will go far to remove
oar singular want of knowledge.
It is said that the total expenditure of the Con-
federate States up to the Ist of August last was as
follows :

War Department
Navy Department
Civil and Miscellaneous .. 3,678,850

£76,705,060

If this account should be confirmed. and we are
assured that it is correct, the South may be con-
gratulated on having made a great war, not only
very successfully, but very cheaply. We will not
compare this small sum with the enormous figures of
Mr. Chase ;* but it is worth while to remember that
Sir G. C. Lewis estimated the cost of the Crimean
war to this country at £77,588,000; that the
Crimean war could not be compared in magnitude
to the tremendous struggle in which the Confede-
rate States are engaged; that such a war as theirs
would have cost us much more than such a war as
ours cost us; that, nevertheless, £76,705,060 covers
their whole expenditure, military as well as civil,
while £77,588,000 was requisite for only the mili-
tary part of ours_
The mode in which this considerable though not
excessive sum has been obtained is, we are informed,
as follows :

TAXES.
Customs prior to the repeal of the
£335,393
tariff
War tax .. 2,372,759

LOANS.

£2,768,152

Loan Act of Feb. 28, 1861
Aug. 19, 1861
Call 'Cleposits
Balance of loan from banks 2,459,312

-- 20,455,972
BY INCONVERTIBLE NOTES.
Treasury Notes Act, March 9,
1861 £471,600
1) „ May, 16, 1861 4,047,857
If „ Aug. 19, 1861 39,145,076
Small notes " April 17, 1862 6'317 4
'9700
197,400
49,181,909
Miscellaneous

£72,806,812
leaving a deficit on the Ist of August of nearly
£4,000,000.
As in the North so in the South, this great
struggle has been carried on a little by taxes, some-
what by loans, and mostly by inconvertible cur-
rency. For the South no other course was possible.
It is not possible to levy very heavy taxes in a poor
country with a sparse population during a revolu-
tion which has suspended its main industry. It is
not possible to raise regular loans in such a country
to an enormous extent, for the floating capital that
is requisite does not exist. It is not possible for an
inchoate state like the South, of which the very
existence was, at first, undecided, to borrow much
abroad_ The only applicable resource is the
currency ; by substituting its own paper for the coin
in circulation a poor Government can at an emer-
gency obtain a great sum. The South were com-
pelled to adopt at once this last of financial expe-
dients. The North, from a reluctance to tax in the
rulers, an apathy in the multitude, and an ignorant
contempt of economical laws in both, adopted that
extreme expedient without a necessity, and when
many better resources were open to it.

* Mr. Chase has just stated his expenditure for the three
months ending the 30th of June at £38,800,000, or nearly
£160,000,000 per annum.

MASON ON 7HE .RPCOGNITION OF
THE SOU7H.

The following letter from Mr. Mason has been
published. It is in reply to a request from Mr.
Boon, the secretary of the committee of the Staly-
bridge meeting, for Mr. Mason's opinion as to the
effect recognition would have in terminating the
war, and also for any other information that might
strengthen the arguments of the speaker in favour
of recognition :

" September 19, 1862.
"Sir,—l have had the honour to receive your letter
of the 27th inst., informing me of a projected meet-
ing to be held at Stalybridge, in Cheshire, of the
ratepayers of the town, who are to have under con-
sideration the question of recognition of the Con-
federate States of America, and asking my opinion
as to the effect that such recognition would have in
bringing about a peace, and any other information
I may deem pertinent to the subject.
" As a citizen of those States I do not feel at
liberty to refuse your request under the circum-
stances stated, when, perhaps, otherwise to offer my
opinions might be deemed intrusive.
" It is certainly a settled principle of international
law that when a new nation or empire is brought
into existence as a separate and independent Power
other nations are at liberty, without giving cause
of offence, to recognise it as such, and to receive it
as an equal in the family of nations ; and to entitle
it to such recognition it is only required that suffi-
cient evidence be exhibited of stability and perma-
nence in the new Government, coupled with the
power to sustain itself in its new position.

"In the case of the Confederate States I think it
may be confidently submitted that the facts which
have transpired since their separation from the
United States, both in the Cabinet and in the field,
come fully up to such requisitions. It has existed
as a perfectly organised Government, in full and
unimpeded operation, for more than 18 months; and
as to its ability to sustain itself, its career in arms,
against vastly superior forces, may challenge the
judgment of the world. The present population of
the Confederate States comprises about 12,000,000
of people.
" I think I may confidently assume, as the public
judgment of Europe, that the separation of these
States from the late United States is final and for
ever, and that in no possible contingency—even
could the war be continued to their extermination
—can they ever be restored to the repudiated Union.
" Under such circumstances, how far it may be
deemed incumbent by other Governments publicly
to acknowledge the existing fact of such final sepa-
ration, and thus to recognise the new Power, is for
those Governments to determine. Fortunately for
us, our people have shown themselves not only self-
reliant, but worthy of that reliance. We have
fought our battles unaided and alone, and, until
recently, uncheered by the nations looking on. For
the future we have no fears, nor would the recog-
nition
to which you refer be of any value to us,
except so far as it might tend to being the war to
a close—a war to be waged henceforward hopelessly
by our enemy, and at which humanity shudders.
" In reply to your inquiry as to what effect re-
cognition of our independence would have towards
putting an end to the war, I have only to say it
would at once and for ever dispel all delusion on the
subject in the United States. So long as it is with-
held by Europe it is taken as an admission in Ame-
rica that in European judgment there may yet be a
restoration of the broken Union, and to that extent
our adversaries may be encouraged to persevere.
That I am warranted in speaking of this as a delu-
sion I may appeal to the verdict of every intelligent
Englishman.

"Again, you are aware that the war was com-
menced and has been prosecuted for the purpose of
putting down an alleged rebellion. Our recogni-
tion by the European Powers would be the decree
of enlightened, impartial, and able observers that a
rebellion, if one ever existed, had been brought to
an end, and there stood in place of it, as acknow-
ledged by them, a separate, sovereign, and indepen-
dent State, the equal of any in the line of empire.
" It is not in the experience of the world that a
War so disastrous in its results to those now waging
it against the Confederate States, when they were
made to understand that it was no longer conducted