The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-21 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 21, 1862.

AMERICA.

LIVERPOOL, MONDAY.

The Washington correspondent of the New I ork,
orld, in a communication dated the 6th, alludes
to a rumour of treachery in high circles as follows::
" In connexion with the rumours respecting the
leakage of news from Washington to the rebels, it
is stated that the daughter of a high official is one
of the guilty parties. It is now well understood
from the movements of the rebels that they were
aware:of the destination of General Burnside's fleet.
The story goes that it was talked of in the family
of the official alluded to, and by the daughter com-
municated to her lover, who is affiliated with the
rebels. The destination of the Burnside expedition
has been changed because of the knowledge the
rebels acquired of the point at which it was aimed.
The young lady left town recently, and has not
since returned. Her father, it is understood, will
shortly leave for Europe for the benefit of his
health. This expedition is now in complete readi-
ness, and will sail the moment the word is given by
the Commander-in-Chief. It has been thoroughly
inspected : the vessels have been found in good con-
dition, and the troops eager for the fray. Four or
five of our best drilled regiments of the Potomac
will accompany the expedition. I apprehend that
there will be some disappointment in the public
mind when the precise point of its destination is
linown."

There has been a skirmish at Port Royal Ferry,
which ended favourably for the Federal forces. A
correspondent of the New York Express gives the
following detailed account of the operations :
" On Tuesday, December 31; four gunboats—the
Seneca, Capt. Ammen ; the Ellen, Capt. Budd ; the
Pembina, Captain Bankhead ; and the Ottawa,
Captain Stevens—were ordered to approach Port
Royal Ferry, the
,two former by the way of the
Broad River, and the latter by Brickyard Creek.
The Seneca was to fire into Boyd's Neck on her
way up, and distract attention for a while; after
which, in conjunction with the Ellen, she was to
assist in silencing a battery at Seabrook, on the
Coosaw, some two or three miles west of Port Royal
Ferry. The other two gunboats were to go through
the Port Royal River, and cover a landing of Fede-
ral troops opposite the mouth of Brickyard Creek.
General Stevens's brigade—consisting of the Round-
head Regiment, under Colonel Leisure; the Bth
Michigan, Colonel Fenton ; the 50th Pennsylvania,
Colonel Crist ; and the '79th New York, Major
Morrison commanding—were already at Beaufort,
distant about ten miles by land from the Ferry ; the
47th New York, Colonel Frazier, and the 48th New
York, Colonel Perry, were ordered up from Hilton
Head, and the entire force placed under General
Stevens's orders. Captain Raymond Roberts (of
the Wabash) was the senior naval officer present in
the action. The troops were marched from Beaufort
on the 31st of December to the mouth of Brickyard
Creek, within which had been prepared flats and
other boats for the transportation of Gen. Stevens's
command. They crossed early on New Year's
morning, having accomplished the passage by 8 a.m.
They had then some four or five miles to march be-
fore reaching Port Royal Ferry. The Ottawa and
the Pembina were meanwhile delayed, by the state
of the tide, at or near the mouth of the creek, one
of them getting aground. A delay also occurred in
the movements of the troops, owing, it is stated, to
a misapprehension by Colonel Fenton of the orders
issued to him; this delay, however, was but slight,
and occasioned no serious inconvenience. The
Seneca, in this time, had performed her portion of
the task, fired into Boyd's Neck in an alarming
manner, and afterwards, in conjunction with the
Ellen, shelled the work at Seabrook, a mile or two
to the west of the Ferry. The troops under Gen.
Stevens advanced towards the principal battery (at
the Ferry) in advance of the gunboats, and on the
way a skirmishing took place that still longer
impeded them. A force, judged by Gen. Stevens
to be about 1,000 strong, was posted in some woods
on his right, and the first knowledge he obtained
of its existence was by a firing from a light battery.
A part (at least half) of the Michigan Bth was de-
ployed as skirmishers to ascertain more particu-
larly the position and strength of this battery, and,
despite its firing, advanced to within a hundred
yards of it, acting with great coolness and courage,
and succeeding entirely in discovering the position
of the guns, and in drawing a heavy fire from the!
body of musketry. Having thus accomplished their
object, they retired as skirmishers, rapidly, but in
complete order. By this time the Ottawa and the
Pembina had got up within range of the fieldwork
at the Ferry, and opened fire on it; this was done
with such effect that, if any force had remained
until then in the battery, it was driven out before
our troops arrived, the enemy not attempting to
come from under cover of the woods, nor [manifest-
ing any [desire to interrupt our further advance
(having wounded nine or ten of the Michigan regi-
ment, including Major Watson seriously, and one
man who has since died). The 79th New York was
sent forward as skirmishers to enter the fort first,
General Stevens, as yet, being unaware of its deser-
tion. This regiment emulated the behaviour of the
Michigan soldiers ; its advance also proved a corn-
plete success for the new system of signalizing.
Lieutenant Tafft, of the signal corps, was in charge
of this department, and arranged men who carried
the signal flags, so that they were able to telegraph
constantly to the gunboats, which had now come up
in a line with our troops. Capt. Rodgers was in-
formed exactly what range to give his guns, and
was able to do effective service in covering the troops
in their advance, shifting his aim as the
men proceeded. The firing from the gun-
boats was uncommonly accurate during the
entire engagement. When the 79th Regi-
ment reached the fort, it was found to be entirely
deserted ; the guns that had been there were re-
moved; with the exception of one iron 12-pounder,
but platforms for others remained, and bad evi-
dently been recently used. A small force of Fede-
ralists, which had been appointed to cross at Sea-
brook, had, in the meanwhile, accomplished its pas-
sage under cover of the guns of the Seneca and
Ellen, and completely demolished the fortification
there, which had also been deserted. This body
(either an entire regiment, or still smaller force) had
then joined the main portion of the command, and
at night the whole force was at Port Royal Ferry,
completely covered by the guns of the four men of-
war. The pickets of the two commands were with-
in 600 yards of each other all night. At about mid-
night a fisg of truce was brought to Gen. Stevens,
and a request made that the enemy be allowed to
enter within our lines to bury their dead. General
Stevens gave them one hour in which to accomplish
this purpose, but when his messenger returned to
the flag with his reply the flag and its bearers were
missing ; nothing more was heard of them, so of
course General Stevens's message never reached the
enemy. Whether the flag was a ruse or not is un-
known. In the morning the batteries had been de-
molished, and the insult to the Mayflower suitably
punished ; the troops were removed on to Port
Royal Island, the gunboats covering this move-
ment by a heavy cannonading, which was answered
by the rebels. Not a man was lost by our force in i
the withdrawal, which occupied three hours, and I
was performed in a manner highly creditable to
officers and men. One regiment, the 47th New
York, returned to Hilton Head by a transport with-
out crossing Port Royal Island ; the others pro-
ceeded to march to Beaufort, with the exception of
the Roundhead and 55th Pennsylvania, which were
left on the other side of the Ferry, to guard against
any other offensive movement of the enemy. At
the time at which I write, word has reached
Hilton Head of the return of the gun-
boats, which may possibly be remaining for
a similar purpose. The 48th New Yoik is
row disembarking at this place, having marched
to Beaufort and reached the wharf at Hilton
Head since crossing Broad River this morning,
a distance of ten miles by land, and afterwards
of fifteen down the Port Royal River. By this
exploit several objects have been accomplished ; the
men have been able to show themselves well be-
haved under fire, a little dash has been made, which
infuses vigour into the sprits of the command ; the
enemy has been made to understand that he cannot
with impunity assemble any force in our vicinity ;
two batteries have been demolished, and the com-
plete possession of the Broad River has been shown

to belong to the Federal forces. So far as has yet
been learnt, one man only has been killed and eight
or nine wounded ; all of these belongin . to the
Michigan Bth Regiment. Their names (with the
exception of Major Watson's) have not yet been
ascertained. Four or five rebel bodies ere buried
by our men, and one or two of their w, unded were
made prisoners."

On the 6th the following discussion took place in
the House of Representatives
Mr. Roscos Conkling (New York), rising to a
question of privilege, called attention to the fact
that, on the second day of the session, a resolution
was adopted with reference to the battle of Ball's
Bluff. The resolution proposed no investigation
into any future transactions whatever. It simply
requested the Secretary of War to inform the house
whether any steps had been taken to ascertain who
are responsible for the disastrous affair at Bull's
Bluff, The resolution was handed to the Adjutant
General, who submitted it to the Commander-in-
Chief. He (Conkling) was unwilling to believe that
the Commander-in• Chief had read the resolution,
because he could not impute to him a design to
trifle with the house and return an evasive answer.
If he did read it, be certainly misunderstood its
purport. He seemed to have received the impres-
sion that a further inquiry was to be instituted,
and that of a very general character; and accord-
ingly he expressed an opinion to the Adjutant-
General, which was reported to the Secretary of
War, and by the latter transmitted to the house.
The answer to the resolution did not inform the
house that steps had been taken to show who was
to blame for the Ball's Bluff disaster.
The response was evasive. Now, this was a dis-
regard of the privileges of the house, which ougbt
to receive, and required a prompt notice, unless
they consented to a trampling on of their rights.
They should watch with jealous eye the right of
wholesome inquiry. The inquiry related to a great
national calamity, to the most atrocious military
murder OW r committed in their history, to the most
humiliating triumph of the rebellion—a blunder so
gross that every man could see it, and no one had
ever dared to deny or defend it. Besides the defeat
and the large loss of arms and munitions of war,
there was a sacrifice of 930 men. The resolution to
which he referred was proposed out of respect to
the memory of these men, and in deference to the
public propriety and self-respect of the nation. It
was to inquire whether the military authorities
have taken any steps whatever to ascertain who is
responsible for the slaughter of the sons of New
York, of Massachusetts, and of Pennsylvania. Gen.
Stone, who was at the time in command, is a mem-
ber of the regular army. Col. Baker was a volun-
teer. The respective friends of these Generals have
raised a question as to the merits of the case involv-
ing the efficiency of regulars and volunteers. He
(Conkling) had no toleration for such a controversy.
An inquiry was absolutely necessary. Suppose it
should turn out that Gen. Stone was only half-way
either in his soldiership or loyalty, was that a rea-
son why there should not be an investigation ? Was
that a reason why he should be released from the
responsibility of the disastrous blunder ? The man
who was to blame should fall upon his knees and
ask pardon. If Col. Baker was responsible, most
lamentably had he suffered. If Gen. Stone is respon-
Bible, a greater weight of guilt never rested upon
any other man than upon hint. Mr. Conkling, in
the course of his remarks, said that the Government
was spending 2,000,000 dole. a day, with over
600,000 men in the field. Whenever we have made
an advance we have been outnumbered and ignomi-
niously defeated, and yet the house and the country
are denied the right of knowing who are responsible.
If we Can't have indemnity for the past, in the name
of humanity let us have security for the future. Let
us know who is responsible for the disgraceful disas-
ter at Ball's Bluff. Mr. Conkling proceeded graphi-
cally to describe the military movements in connec-
tion with the battle of Ball's Bluff, and its repulsive
features, saying, among other things, the scene was
a hell of fire.' From the commencement there was
held out no hope of escape. After the publication
of Adjutant-General Thomas's report relative to
Gen. Fremont, certainly no publication of anything
connected with the army should be suppressed. We
should know whether the commander-in-chief had
taken the pains to inquire who was responsible for
the disaster at Ball's Bluff, and we should make the
inquiry with the view of obtaining an answer. Mr.
Conkling was very pointed and severe in his com-
ments. He offered a preamble reciting the resolu-
tion heretofore adopted, and the response, conclud-
ing with a resolution that the answer to it is nei-
ther responsive nor satisfactory to the house and that
the Secretary of War be directed to return a further
answer.

"Mr. Richardson (Illinois) inquired whether this
was a question of privilege.
" The Speaker submitted the question to the
house, which decided that it was.

" Mr. Richardson, in opposing the resolution,
said this was not a matter of proper inquiry here.
If there was onepoint more prominent than another
on which the country was agreed, it was that those
who fought and fell with Gen. Baker displayed as
much courage and gallantry as had ever been dis-
played on this continent. But these things ought
not to be lugged in here. Suppose anybody living
is found to be in fault, what will you do with him?
Discuss him in town meetings ? Is that the way
you conduct the war ? We must trust something
to the proper departments of the Government. The
men who have committed blunders and acted from
errors of judgment will not hereafter be intrusted
with important commands. If dead we should cast
no obloquy on their ashes or disgrace their memory.
The time had come when there should be a move-
ment. The troops ought to be drilled and prepared
with this view. Gentlemen of the army, somehow
or another, knew quite as much about military af-
fairs as any members of this house. The house
should do nothing below its dignity. This was not the
proper place to investigate battles. He was opposed
to the whole resolution. It was a subject with which
they had nothing to do, and the sooner they stopped
the proceedings, as now proposed, the better for the
coun try.
"Mr. Edmonds (New Hampshire) did not see in
what Mr. Conkling had said any implied censure on
the General-in-Chief. If the latter supposed it would
be detrimental to the public iiterests to answer the
resolution, it was proper for him to say so. He re-
gretted that their existed a disposition here to de-
precate the position of the General-in-Chief. For
himself, he felt we must place in him the most im-
plicit confidence, if we would come out of this con-
flict with honour. General M•Clellan was charged
with an immense responsibility, and surrounded
by so much treachery he could scarcely whisper his
plans. We should strengthen his hands and cheer
his heart in view of these facts.
"Mr. Crittenden (Kentucky) contended that the
House had no power under the Constitution to in-
quire into matters purely military. The army is
under the command of the President, who is respon-
sible for its operations. To interfere with this, there-
fore, would be an attempt to extend our civil juris-
diction. Even if we had the right to make such an
inquiry, did not public policy forbid it ? Could war
be successfully conducted on such a principle ? The
gentleman from New York (Conkling) had given an
animated picture of the scenes of the battle, and
spoke of the killed, wounded, and dying. The
gentleman had given a clear description of the battle
for the purpose of showing that there was a want of
skill in its management. However our feelings may
be aroused or affected, let us be careful not to allow
such feelings to lead us into improper measures. If
there was a want of skill and fidelity, what was the
remedy? Was it to be exercised by the civil juris-
diction and power ? If faults had been committed,
they were to be examined into and punished by the
military tribunals. By pursuing the course now
propcscd, we take the subject out of the hands of
those supposed to be incompetent. Was this wise?
Such an inquiry now would lead to future similar
embeanrrte army.airssment He believed embarrassments. The effect would
h
te
wholeb country
be to disavow
our
had confidence in General M.Clellan. We bad
better weaken our army than weaken confidence in
the General-in-Chief. An army of hares led by a
lion is more to be dreaded than an army of lions
led by a hare.

" Mr. Conkling furthor explained the object and

purpose of his resolution, replying to Mr. Crit-
tenden.

" Mr. Vallandigham (Ohio) said that if the ori-
ginal resolution, as provided for by the rules of the
House, adopted 40 years ago, and in better times,
had directed the Secretary of War to report the in-
formation required, he would have voted for the
solution now pending. But it expressly left it to
the Secretary to say whether the public interests
justified furnishing the matter called for or not;
and it was now too late to object that he had exer-
cised the discretion left to him. Otherwise he
(Vallandigham) would have voted for the resolution,
as he was one of those who believed in the right
of Congress to enforce the responsibility upon all
the heads of departments. He thought the power
ought never to be surrendered, and would at all
times maintain the subordination of the military
to the civil authority. The British Parliament
had exercised the right of inquiry into the conduct
of the Crimean war. But here the Secretary of
War had only exercised a discretion allowed him
by the House, and it was now too late to com-
plain of it.
" Mr. Lovejoy (Illinois) entered his protest
against the principle enunciated by the gentleman
from Kentucky, having always believed the military
should be subordinate to the civil power. The re-
gular military officers are more in the way of an
advance than any other class. We are waiting in
the fruitless hope that the rebellion will put itself
down. The idea is if we don't hurt anybody the
rebels will return to their allegiance. The fear
in which we stand of injuring the twin relic of
barbarism paralyses the whole army. The reason
why we are not successful is that we stand before
an incensed God. We are not true to the principles
of justice and truth, and those of human equality—
namely, ' Liberty throughout the land and to all the
inhabitants thereof.'

"Mr. Wickliffe (Kentucky) called Mr. Lovejoy's
attention to the resolution passed by the House in
February last, declaring that neither the Federal
Government nor the people of the North have the
right or purpose to interfere with or legislate on
the subject of slavery in the South. This was voted
for by Owen Lovejoy ? Are you the man ? (Great
laughter.)
" Mr. Lovejoy responded—' I am the man,' and
continuing his remarks, he said he believed the peo-
ple were determined to carry on the war in such a
way as to put down the rebellion in the speediest
manner. He had no doubt that the Government
will gracefully yield to the popular sentiment. He
repeated, we have the right in time of peace to in-
terfere with slavery in the States. When that re-
solution was passed for which he voted all the States
were loyal, and had not broken out in rebellion.

" Mr. Richardson—Had not the Star of the West
been fired into ? (Voices on the Republican side,
' No, no.')
" Mr. Lovejoy, resuming, asked Mr. Wickliffe
whether he preferred the perpetuation of slavery
rather than the Union P

" Mr. Wickliffe replied that he was for preserving
the Union under the Constitution, regarding the
obligations imposed on every citizen, state, or sec-
tion. He was not for violating the Constitution
when it was not essential to the safety of the Union.
He would preserve the institution of slavery under
the Constitution, by the principle declared by the
House and voted for by Mr. Lovejoy and other re-
presentatives, and also declared in the inaugural
address of the President and in the latter's two
messages. If these principles were carried out he
hRd no fears for the Union and the institution of
slavery.

" Mr. Lovejoy asked, if the ship must be saved
by the throwing overboard of a portion of the crew,
which would the gentleman prefer ?

" Mr. Wickliffe responded—l would prefer throw
ing the abolitionists overboard.

4‘ Mr. Lovejoy said, that was tantamount to say-
ing the gentleman preferred the Union going over-
board rather than slavery, As for himself, he
was for preserving the Union and Constitution,
with the great object for which it was intended
—namely, with freedom. He demanded in the
name of God and justice that slavery shall not stand
in the way of our success and triumph, In illus-
tration of his remarks he caused to be read the 7th
chapter of the Book of Joshua, showing that the
absence of prosperity and success was owing to
what was designated the accursed thing.
"Mr. Mallory understood Mr. Lovejoy to say, so
heavily is slavery weighing upon our army as to
render it impossible to achieve victories until
slavery is removed out of the way. He had sup-
posed that if slavery was a curse the responsibility
of the rebellion would rest on the South, and that
the face of the Almighty would be turned against
the South, if the theory of the gentleman was
correct. Presuming he knew the feeling in Ken-
tucky, if we considered slavery standing in the way
of the Constitution, we would not hesitate to wipe
out slavery. (Applause.) But we cannot regard
slavery as incompatible with the liberty established
by our forefathers. We want to preserve the Union
with all the rights to all sections conferred by the
Constitution. He asked whether the gentleman
would destroy the Constitution to get rid of
slavery
" Mr. Lovejoy remarked that he would not. He
only declared that slavery must be destroyed rather
than the Constitution and Union.

" Mr. Dunn (Indiana), as Mr. Lovejoy had
quoted Joshua, referred the gentleman to the
parable of the wheat and tares. The Saviour did
not recommend the tares to be drawn out by the
roots with the wheat, but to wait patiently to the
last day. The gentleman from Illinois proposed
radical measures instead of waiting for time to
remedy the evil. He would destroy the wheat and
tares at the same time in his mad efforts to carry
out his schemes. Let the gentleman conceal his
purpose as he may. If it had been proclaimed at
the commencement of this war that the object was
to overthrow slavery, instead of having 600,000
men there would be only a small band of John
Browns at the heels of the gentleman. He thanked
God that the gentleman was not likely to be a mem-
ber of the Cabinet.

" Mr. Lovejoy—That's not so certain. (Laughter.

" Mr. Dunn, resuming, said that he believed that
by the war slavery had received its death-blow. He
hoped this was so.
"Mr. Lovejoy did not deny that he wanted to see
slavery crushed and ground to powder; but his ar-
gument was that slavery should not stand in the
way of success to our army and the preservation of
the Constitution and Union. He was not, as charged,
in favour of any such schemes. He never voted for
any of them. Ho would tell the gentleman that
these 600,000 soldiers would not fight the battles of
slavery.
" Mr. Dunn—l did not say fo.
"Mr. Lovejoy—l suppose the gentleman meant
that, conceal it as he will. (Laughter.)
" Mr. Stevens (Pennsylvania) said if they were to
believe in the horrible doctrine of Mr. Crittenden, it
was nothing less than this—viz., that the house
dare not inquire into the manner in which the war
is conducted, and whether there are many traitors
or not. Had it come to this, that the house was a
mere registrar of executive edicts, and was only to
vote men and money ? He protested against such
a doctrine, it having no foundation in the Constitu-
tion. It appeared that the Border States would
rather see the Constitution and Union perish than
see slavery perish. We had just given 20,000 men
to Kentucky to support slavery, should the alterna-
tive as to the destruction of the Union or slavery be
preserved.

" Mr. Dunn said he did not exalt slavery above
the Constitution. He would make no sacrifice of
the Constituticn to preserve slavery. He regarded
the preservation of the Union and perpetuation of
our present form of government as of far more im
portance to him, in his day, and to those who are to
come after him, than the preservation of slavery.
But he did not believe this Government could be
perpetuated by declaring the emancipation of
slavery as its object. If so, the old Union is for ever
gone. We may, however, have a Union of the free
States, which may, in time, throw its shadow over
the continent; but as to restoring the Union as it
was, that would be impossible. He was for main-
taining the authority of tbia Government. If
slavery stands in the way of the peace and pros-
perity of the country, slavery must go out of the

way. I would,' he remarked, ' strike down every
interest that opposes the good of the country. If
the confiscation of the slaves of disloyal enemies is
necessary, let it be done.'
" Mr. Blair (Mobile) moved that the whole sub-
ject ba laid on the table.
" Not agreed to; ayes 57, noes 77.

" Mr. Richardson offered an amendment to Mr.
Conkling's resolution that the Secretary of War
also report to the House, if compatible with the
public interests, who is responsible for the defeat at
Wilson's Creek, near Springfield and Lexington.
"Disagreed to; 49 against 81.
Mr. Conkling's resolution was adopted ; 79
against 64."
The Mayor of New York, in his message to the
Town Council, remarks :

" The fortifications of the harbour are provided
by the general Government, and are intended to
secure the city against foreign aggression. They
are projected on a scale which will render them,
when completed and aided by floating batteries,
fully adequate to the end designed. At present,
however, they are in such an unfinished state that
it is to be feared that a fleet of hostile steamers
might succeed in passing them and holding the city
at its mercy. This should not be. In the present
critical condition of our foreign relations, with the
British Government giving repeated evidence of un-
friendliness, the security of the city demands better
safeguards. The general Government should be
asked to hasten the completion of the forts, and to
arm them with the most approved modern guns of
heavy calibre. In addition to this, it seems to me
it would be a measure of wise forecast to devise a
plan for obstructing the channel temporarily by
means of rafts, or other barriers, to be anchored at
the Narrows, and to have thematerials in a state of
readiness for immediate use in case the necessity
should arise. This could be done at an expense of a
few thousand dollars, and it might prove the means
of saving the city from seizure by a foreign enemy.
The paramount interest of this city is its commerce.
It is to that it owes its imperial proportions and its
wealth. It behoves us, therefore, to guard with
jealous watchfulness against every encroachment on
the harbour, and against all unnecessary burdens
on the trade and commerce of the city. We should
provide every needful security for the entrance and
exit of shipping, and for their accommodation while
discharging and loading; and we should do what-
ever else may be necessary for facilitating the pur-
chase, sale, and delivery of goods."
A letter from Bolivia thus describes a terrible
tragedy.

"Another bloody drama has been enacted at La
Pax. I wrote you in my last that Gen. Fernandez,
one of President Acha's Ministers, was generally
charged by the people for being responsible for the
massacre, ordered by Gen. Yanez, of the 23d Octo-
ber, in which 40 persons of note, including ex-Pre-
sident Cordova, fell, besides a large number of
Cholos; that Fernandez's motive in this massacre
was, first, to clear the coast of a good many influen-
tial men who might stand in his way, then to over-
throw the Government of Acha and step into his
shoes. Fernandez was not long in verifying this
estimate of his plans. In conjunction with Morales
he pronounced against Acha in the South, while
Col. Babza, who commanded in La Paz, was to pro-
nounce against him in that city, Acha being absent
at Osuru. Babza and several other officers, on de-
mand of the people, had previously been dismissed
by President Acha on account of their complicity
in the Yanez massacre, and Yanez himself had been
ordered to be tried. So the disaffected officers hav-
ing joined Babza, at half-past 4 o'clock, on the
morning of the 23d November, battalion No. 3, com-
manded by Babza, attacked battalion No. 2 in the
streets. The fight was furious, and lasted nearly
four hours, when Babza was wounded and defeated,
with the loss of a great many men, and sought re-
fuge in the house of Mr. Carter, the United States
Minister. Yanez in the meantime had barricaded
himself in the palace, and at the head of 40 men re-
solved to defend himself against the populace, who
were shoutin g for his head. The palace was assaulted
with fury. Many shots were exchanged, until can-
non were dragged and pointed against the gates.
Despair having seized on Yanez he seated himself
in the corridor, and ordered his soldiers to be tran-
quil. Then bars of it•on were brought against the
door by some, while others from neighbouring roofs
fired at intervals through the windows, whence it
was thought that he might try to escape. At last
the doors were forced, and Yanez, armed, escaped
from the palace to the roof of the contiguous police
building. A shout of Yanez !' announced that he
was seen by the populace, when two shots were fired
at him, and he fell, froma height of nearly 20 yards,
to the roof of the printing-office. Thence he was
dragged to the Plaza in the midst of thousands of
people. Placing him before the door of the Loretto,
in which he had ordered the massacre of ex-Presi-
dent Cordova, the crowd forced him to kiss the
stone steps, yet red with the blood of Cordova.
Then he was struck at by all who got near him,
even women taking part in the vengeance. After
the body had lain a time exposed in the streets, it
was placed in a cart, and followed by a vast crowd
to the cemetery, amid the laughs, the jeers, and the
curses of thousands. Then Leopoldo Davila, his
lieutenant, who c arsed the mourning women who
came to the Loretto to seek for murdered husbands
and fathers a month before, was seized, brought to
the public Plaza, and torn to pieces, a young Indian
woman concluding the shocking performance by
punching out his eyes with a pointed stiilc. Lieut.-
Col. Shanchez was killed in the coach-house of the
palace. Many others fell during the morning, in•
eluding 50 Cholos killed and 150 wounded. In the
midst of the excitement one of the prisons was
broken open, and 150 criminals increased the terror
of the people by the clanking of their chains
through the streets. But, wonderful to relate, no
robberies or outrages were committed by the people
after they had sated their vengeance on the assas-
sins of October; but the 10,000 Cholos quietly re-
tired to their houses, and the city was as still as it
was before the outbreak. At the last accounts Pre-
sident Acha had returned to La Paz and resumed
his authority. The military command was in the
hands of General Perez, who had the entire con-
fidence of the people. A force had been sent
against Fernandez and Morales, who were in the
neighbourhood of Potosi or Sucre."

The requisite balance to complete the sum of
the dividend and sinking fund of the Turkish Loan of
1858, payable on the Ist March, is now in the hands of the
Bank of England.
THE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE.—From 1833 to 1837
the total public expenditure was £226,791,817, of which
£145,339,025 was required for the payment of interest en
the National Debt, leaving only £81,452,792 for the pay-
ment of army, navy, and all other services, which, under
the form of administration commenced by the Duke of
Wellington (a tolerably good judge of such matters), was
then found to be sufficient for all purposes. From 1857 to
1861 the total public expenditure was £354,128,479, of
which £140,026,032 was required for the payment of interest
on the National Debt, so that the enormous sum of
£214,102,447 was absorbed in the payment of army, navy,
and civil services, instead of £81,452,792. This is an ad-
vance of upwards of 260 per cent, and makes so unfavour-
able a contrast, that if the subject were fairly brought
under public notice, some attempt would surely be made at
retrenchment.--Money Market Review.

A MATRIMONIAL ADVERTISEMENT.—The Niagara
Mail publishes the following as original, in the shape of a
matrimonial advertisement sent to that journal :—" I am
a young laiy of twenty rezindin in the county of Lincoln
I have bright eyes dark hair My cheeks are like full blown
roses I am tall have a good disposition am very fond of
Music heav a COMf etent knowledge of household affairs I
am desirous of giving My hand heart and Fortune for
better for worse. No young gentleman need reply to this
under twenty-eight or over thirty-five He must be tall
have pretty eyes and haire Faire skin and rosy Cheeks Not
known two ware a little beaird on his chin like a Goat
nor like Persian khan. He must have a good disposition
and possess property.—Address Littie Johnson queen
townPostofllce Canada West for Five weeks only Novem-
ber 24, 1861."
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used Holloway's preparations, from which no harm can
possibly result. The Ointment should be well rubbed
night and morning over the affected parts, while the Pills
are taken with discretion. A great and happy change for
the better will speedily appear.

THE WINDHAM CASE.

The adjourned inquiry into the state of mind of
Mr. W. F. Windham, of Felbrigg-hall, Norfolk,
was resumed yesterday in the Westminster Ses-
sions-house, before Mr. Warren, Q.C., one of the
Masters in Lunacy, and a special jury.
Dr. Sutherland, examined by Mr. Milward—l
have devoted my attention to cases of insanity for
22 years, and have written various works on
diseases of the brain. On November 6, 1861, I was
applied to by Dr. Neale to examine Mr. Windham.
I examined Mr. Windham or. the 12th of the same
month. The interview took place in my house in
Richmond-terrace, Whitehall, I conversed with
Mr. Windham the whole time. He told -me that
he came of age in August last, and that he married
Agnes Willoughby on the 30th of the same month.
He stated that General Windham wished to make
out that he was insane because he had married her.
The General did not wish him to marry, as he was
next heir to the estate, and had broken off an en-
gagement with a young lady of Norwich to whom
he was much attached. If the General had allowed
him to marry her this would not have happened.
He stated the amount of his property to be £3,000
a year, out of which he had to give his mother
£1,500 a year. He told me that he had settled
£BOO a year on his wife, and £1,500 a year when
he succeeded to_tbe Hanworth estates in 1869. I
asked him why he was not to succeed before that
year, and he replied that there was a mortgage on
the estate, which would not be paid off till 1869,
and that his father borrowed the money from Mr.
Gurney. He told me that he had given his wife
£B,OOO-worth of jewelry and £6,000 afterwards,
because he communicated to her a particular di-
sease. I asked him how he came to do that. He
replied that he had consulted a surgeon, Dr.Whid-
borne, who told him he was safe and might marry.
He told tile that he had charged his estate with
about £1,500 to pay the annuity. I have heard all
the evidence which has been given in court. I
think Mr. Windham is of sound mind. There are
no symptoms of congenital imbecility or of idiotcy.
Cross-examined by Mr. Chambers—There is a
difference between imbecility and idiotcy. In idiotcy
there is a want of development of the mental and
moral powers; in imbecility there is only a partial
development. Drawing the line between sound-
ness and unsoundness of mind in cases of imbecility
is one of the most difficult questions of medical
science.

Re-examined—Mr.Windham has a larger circum-
ference of the head than the average. There is no
incoherency in his conversation. He is rather below
the average in point of intellect, but he does not at
all approach the line where imbecility begins.
By the Master—l do not think a case of lunacy
should be brought into Court unless it involves
either delusion, incoherency, or fatuity. Imbeciles
are capable sometimes of a certain degree of cun•
ning, but they have nob mind enough to deceive a
man of ordinary shrewdness. Lunatics are far more
cunning than imbeciles. No amount of eccentricity
will evidence insanity unless it is accompanied by
some unmistakeable proof of unsoundness.
By the jury—I have heard the letters read to-day.
I never knew a person of unsound mind who would
have been capable of writing such letters.
Dr. Conolly, examined by Mr. Karslake—l have
had three interviews with Mr. Windham for the
purpose of testing the state of his mind. They took
place on the 6th, the 12th, and 13th of Dec., 1861,
At the first interview there was nobody present ex-
cept Mr. Windham and myself. I was surprised by
his manner, in which there was not the slightest
peculiarity. He was not in the least embarrassed,
but was perfectly cheerful, frank,•and gentlemanly.
I asked him whether ho was not rather tired of
being continually examined by medical men. He
answered good-humouredly that it was some-
what fatiguing, but that he was fully aware of
the necessity of it, inasmuch as his family wanted
to make him out insane and incapable of managing
his affairs. I then asked him upon what grounds
he was accused of being of unsound mind. He
replied by enumerating the various circumstances
which have been so frequently mentioned here
—his having lived rather fast and spent a
good deal of money and having made an imprudent
marriage. I asked him what were his general habits
of life. He told me that he had sometimes drunk
more wine than was good for him, but that he was
not in the habit of drinking to excess; that he was
not fond of gambling, and that he had never com-
mitted any acts of violence which could be taken as
indications of insanity. He acknowledged that his
marriage was an injudicious step. Throughout the
whole conversation he talked rationally and sensibly,
and did not utter a single expression indicative of
insanity. I think it is a great mistake in such cases
to put minute and special questions, and in my inter.
views with Mr. Windham I conversed with him as
I would with any other gentleman. He appeared
to me to be of a somewhat hasty and impulsive
character. I did not imagine that he was a very
intellectual man, but a man accustomed to rough
and active exercise, such as the driving of railway
engines. I did not observoi the slightest trace of any
delusion, cr the least confusion upon any subject
whatever ; in fact, if I had not been informed of
the charges made against him I should not have
dreamt that there was anything the matter with
him. He expressed a natural desire not to be de-
prived of his property or pronounced a lunatic and
unfit to take care of himself. He seemed perfectly
aware that he had not managed his property pru-
dently, and told me that he had " dipped" his estate
rather deeply. When I saw him the second time
he had just come from a long interview with Dr.
Mayo and Dr. Winslow, and appeared to be rather
fatigued. He gave me a good-humoured account of
the examination he had undergone, and said that
one of the doctors had put a series of questions to
him from a paper, which, judging from its appear-
ance, he thought must have been drawn up by a
lawyer. After telling me about the letter which be
had written to Dr. Mayo at the close of the
examination—and which, by the way, I thought
a very severe test—he said he was anxious to
get away to the shooting, but he saw the ne-
cessity of remaining in town, and was ready to
submit with all due deference and complacency to
' the examination of medical men. He did not utter
one foolish word or one irritable expression, nor
did he show the least embarrassment or desire in
any way to make an impression. He was perfectly
natural, simply himself, nothing more. I saw him
again the following day. He admitted that the
placard was a foolish thing, said it was written and
sivied for him by Roberts, and told me he had
tried to stop its circulation. I spoke to him about
the jewelry. He said ho had been rather extrava-
gant in that particular, and had given his wife a
good deal of jewelry as compensation for an injury
he had done her. He told me that he had just come
from Dr. Mayo and Dr. Winslow, and that he was
to andergo another examination the following day.
He spoke with much good humour, but seemed to
think that he was getting rather too much of the
doctors. I told him that I had come from Hanwell
that morning ; that the train was full of Eton boys,
and that I was surprised to see a great number of
women of the town waiting for them at the station.
" Yes," he said, " it is always so ; and those can
only avoid them who, having to go home with the
down trains, do not require to leave the station, but
have merely to pass from one side to the other."
That appeared to me a very sensible observation. I
believe he is of perfectly sound mind. No medical
man could sign a certificate of insanity in his case,
and no keeper of an asylum would think of taking
him as an inmate. There was no incoherency in his
statements to me. I found nothing inconsequential
in his ideas; literally and truly, I saw not a single
indication of unsoundness of mind. A ►nentia is an
obsolete term, but when it was used it meant ex-
treme imbecility. Mr. Windham is assuredly not
in an imbecile state.

Cross-examined by Mr. Chambers—ldiots do
write sensible letters, but not frequently, and they
can be taught different avocations ; but they have
all generally a marked defect in their personal ap-
pearance, arising from an imperfect physical deve-
lopment. Slavering is seldom seen unconnected
with mental weakness.

Re-examined—l have heard the letters read this
morning. I never knew an imbecile who could

have written such letters. Idiots never attempt to
get rid of the habit of slavering.
By the jury—l believe that if Mr. Windham had
one good, kind, virtuous friend, he would get through
the world very well. His mind is not of a superior
order, and his misfortune has been since childhood to
have been surrounded by improper persons, He has
the capacity to manage his affairs, but that is a dif-
ferent thing from the will to do so. _

By the Master—l do not know a case in which a
person is rightfully confined in a private asylum
whose unsoundness of mind could not be recognised
by a non-medical man. An originally low degree
of mental power is capable of great improvement
by education. A taste for bad company is perfectly
compatible with soundness of mind, The present is
a most instructive case, as showing the ill effects of
improper treatment and neglect in youth. It is im-
possible to judge of Mr. Windham correctly without
knowing how he was brought up and to what in-
fluences he was exposed.

Dr. Babington was called, at his own request, to
state that he was not the family physician of Agnes
Willoughby.
Mr. Bowen May, recalled and examined by Mr.
Chambers—The documents I prepared for Mr.
Windham were his marriage settlement, the disen-
tailing deed, and subsequently his will. I took down
the will to Felbrigg Hall. He executed it in my
presence, but he has since destroyed it, in conse-
quence, as I infer, of the misconduct of his wife. I
have noted down the contents of the will, as fol-
lows :—" To the wife for life, with remainder
to children; remainder again to his mother
for life; remainder over to his sister-in-law;
the one who married first, 7,7; with consent
of guardians, to take the name and arms of
Windham." There were some trifling legacies.
The executors, I think, were the trustees under the
marriage settlement—Dr. Whidborne and Mr.
Roberts. Mr. Windham told me he had destroyed
the will about the time when the application wag
made to the Lords Justices for a commission of
lunacy against him. I had delivered up the will
to him a few days before, having declined to act as
his solicitor. He gave me no reason for the de-
struction of the will, but I inferred that it was in
consequence of Mrs. Windham having left him. I
told him that he had done perfectly right.
The inquiry was then adjourned till to-day,
when the evidence for Mr. Windham will be con-
cluded, and Mr. Karslake will address the jury.
It was incidentally stated yesterday that Mr.
Roberts whose name has so often been mentioned,
has commenced proceedings against. Mr. Field, one
of the solicitors for the petitioners, for words spoken
during the course of these proceedings.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.—,Tan. 20.

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.

(Sittings in Banco, before the Lord Chief Justice
Erle, and Justices Williams, Willes, and
Keating.)

READE V. CONQUEST.-DRAAMTIC COPYRIGHT.

The plaintiff in this case had composed a drama
called " Gold," and afterwards published the novel
" Never too Late to Mend," which was founded
upon the drama. The defendant's son subsequently
dramatised the novel, and his drama was performed
at the Grecian Saloon. The question now raised
was whether this performance was any infringement
of the plaintiff's stage right in " Gold."
The Lord Chief Justice, in giving judgment, said
that the plaintiff sued for an alleged infringement
of his stage copyright in " Gold," by reason of the
defendant representing the drama written by his son
called "Never too Late to Mend," and the defendant
was guilty of the infringement complained of unless
the facts alleged constituted a defence, for many
pacts of the two dramas were the same, and the
statute said that any person who should repre-
sent the dramatic production of another person,
or any part thereof, should be liable to the
penalty of 40s. a night. The novel was in substance
the drama " Gold," and the defendant's son took
many of the characters and incidents, and much of
the language of the novel, and the consequence was
that man parts of the drama "Never too Late to
Mend" were the same as corresponding parts of
the drama " Gold," but the defendant's son wrote
his drama from the novel without having seen
or known of " Gold." The defendant contended
that under these circumstances his son was the
author of the drama " Never too Late to Mend,"
within the meaning of the 4th William IV., cap.
51, and if he was the author, it followed that
there was no violation of the plaintiff's right.
The court had already decided in this case that
the performing the drama was no infringement
of the plaintiff's copyright in his novel, and the
defendant now contended that there was no in
fringement of the stage right in " Gold." In the
opinion of the court this defence failed upon the
ground that the defendant's son was not the
author of those parts of his drama which he bad
copied direct from the novel, and so indirectly
from " Gold." The defendant's son was indeed
the author of some parts of his drama which he
had not copied from the novel, but then what
was complained of was that the other parts of
his drama amounted to an infringement.
Judgment for the plaintiff.

THE FORGERY UPON 711 E IMPERIAL
BANK OF RUSSIA.

The three Polish Jews, Wolf Horwitz, Chlom
Reichberg, and Abraham Josephson, who h .ve been
in custody for several days upon the charge of for-
ging 10 rouble notes of the Imperial Bank of Russia,
and also with having feloniously in their possession
engraved plates calculated to fabricate instruments
of the same description, were yesterday brought be-
fore the Lord Mayor at the Mansion House for fur-
ther examination upon those charges.
Mr. Sleigh again appeared to conduct the prose-
cution, instructed by Mr. Peechey, of the firm of
Oliveron, Lavie, and Peechey, on behalf of the
Russian Government. Mr. M'Donnell, barrister,
appeared for Horwitz and Reichberg ; and Mr,
Hope, a solicitor, appeared for Josephson. Mr.
Knapp, the Russian Vice-Consul, was Eris° present ;
and Mr. Hamilton, inspector of the City detective
police, was also in court during the proceedings.
Mr. Sleigh, addressing his lordship, said that he
was aware that upon the former examination of the
prisoners evidence was given by Scott and Brett,
the detective officers, which went to show that the
prisoners at the bar were in possession of a number
of forged 10 rouble notes of the Bank of Russia,
and also plates and presses and other apparatus
calculated to enable them to fabricate forged
notes of the same description. He had now
to inform his lordship that since the prisoners
have been in custody, through the exertions of the
officers he had mentioned, and who, he felt bound
to say, were entitled to great praise for the skill
and ingenuity they had exhibited in this matter,
some very extraordinary discoveries had been made
and the affair really began to assume in some re-
spects the character of a romance. The nature of
these discoveries he was prepared to lay before the
Court, but he might state that one of them Ras
that the officers had found in the possession of a
person named Sonotowski, a piece of what appeared
to be gutta percha, and upon this being probed with
a knife it was found to conceal a piece of copper
upon which there was a beautifully engraved por-
tion of a Russian bank note. He should be able to
show that the prisoner Reichberg gave this piece of
gutta percha in the state in which it was found to
the person whose name he had mentioned, and he
handed it to the officer, Scott, and told him from
whom he had received it. (The gutta percha and
the plate were here produced, and shown to the
Lord Mayor, and the place of concealment had evi-
dently been most ingeniously contrived.) Mr. Sleigh
then proceeded to explain that the plate so con-
cealed contained the whole of the letter press por-
tion of the back of a ten-rouble note, and it was
quite complete with the exception of the Russian
eagle and the border, means for providing both of
which additions, it would be remembered, were
proved to have been in the possession of the pri▪ -
soners. In addition to this discovery, another of
a very important character had also been made
under very singular circumstances. It appeared
that the prisoner Horwitz had been in the habit of
visiting one of his countrymen, named K otowski▪ ,
and the officers went to the house of this person
and obtained possession of a picture, a representa-
tion of Garibaldi, and at the back of this picture,
between the woodwork and the paper,
they found no less than sixty-five forged ten-
rouble. notes, that had apparently been
struck off i
from the plates found in the possession
of the prisoners. The learned counsel then stated
.
that since he had been court a telegram had been
handed to him informing him that two men had
been taken into custody by Brett, at Birmingham,
on suspicion of .
being concerned with the prisoners
in the commission of serious offence and tLar
they had just been remi▪ tted to his charge by the
Birmingham magistrates, to be conveyed to London,
and they would probably be brought to this court
on the following day; and he said, that as it would
be necessary to go into the whole of the evidence in
the presence of those pri▪
soners, he suggested that it
would probably be a saving of the public time if
the examination of the Witnesses who were now in

attendance was postponed until the prisoners he
alluded to we
befor e the Court.
The Lord M avor said that it was undoubtedly
necessary that t. he evidence Aould be taken in the
presence of all the accused parties. It appeared to
him that the court 'te suggested by the learned coun-
t sel was the one be, It calculated to forward the ad-
nis.nistration of just, Ve. He supposed the legal gen-
tiemet; who attended on behalf of the prisoners
would not
offer any objection to this course being
`ad that he should not do
taken.
Mr. M‘Donnell It:thria4
so, and M
jified
Mr.
sltlope that he did not think he
should be
ill oppoai~ tg a remand of his client
under the circumstances.
ns it would be advis-
Mr. Sleigh said that perha,
able to take a little additional eN. idence which only
related to the prisoners now before the Court, as the
witnesses were in attendance.
George Scott, the detective office."' was then
sworn, and he s lid that, from information he re-
ceived, he went on Monday morning last to t:10
office of a person named Sonotowski, in Lowe..!`
Thames street, and after having some conversa-
tion with him, and telling him he was an officer,
they went together to a house in Mitre-square, Ald-
gate, where Sonotowski resided, and he there gave
him the piece of gutta percha that had been pro-
duced. Witness was aware that the prisoner Reich-
berg had been in the habit of going to the office in
Lower Thames street, and that he had sent a letter-
copying press there a short time before. The piece of
gutta percha was subsequently probed with a knife
and warmed at the fire, and this led to the disco-
very that the engraved plate that had been produced
was concealed within it. On Wednesday morning,
in consequence of further information he received,
witness went to No. 7, Somerset-street, Aldgate,
where he found a person named Kotowski, and
from what this person told him he was induced to
take down a picture, which he carefully examined,,
and upon taking out the wooden back he found con-
, cealed between that and the print itself 65 impres-
sions of ten-rouble Russian bank-notes, the whole of
which he now produced, and which, he believed,
were forged.
The witness then produced the picture in which
the discovery was made. It was a full-length.
likeness of Garibaldi. He also produced the forged
. notes.

Abraham Sonotowski was then sworn. The wit-
ness, who is a Russian Jew, gave his evidence irk
very
imperfect English. He said—l live at No.
Mitt • quare, A ldgate, and I have a place of busi-
ness:‘= at plc). 65, Lower Thames-street. My business
is that of a 0 agent for the sale of East India goods
on comml know the prisoner Reichberg. I
first met him a,' Odessa, about four years ago. He
was a merchant. He first came to me at my office in
Thames-street abort.` twelve months ago. A short
time back he brougl:'t to my office the letter-
copying machine that ,'as been spoken about by
the officer. He wanted Ole to allow him L 5 for
it, but I would not do so, and he then told
me that I might keep it until he paid me some
money he owed me. He owed me .£lO, and he
wished me to take the press in part payment.
Mr. Sleigh to the witness—You have seen the
piece of gutta percha that has been produced by the
officer, and which you gave to hira. Just tell us
how that came into your possession ?
Witness—That was given to me by the prisoner
Reichberg, a long time ago.
Mr. Sleigh— What do you mean by a long tirse—
two or three years?
Witness—Olt no, about two or three months.

Mr. Sleigh—How did he come to give it to you?
Witness—He gave it to nze as a sample, and I
was to try and dispose of the article for him. He
knew that I dealt in such things, and I understood
that he meant me to use the piece ho gave me as a
sample.
Mr. Sleigh—Yon did not, of course, know any-
thing about what was inside it ?
Witness—Oh, no, certainly not. He added that
he understood from the prisoner that he was to keep
the piece of gutta percha until he asked him for it,
and when tie handed it to the officer it was in ex-
actly the same state as when he received it from
Reichberg.
Cross-examined by Mr. M'Donnell—Witness did
not ask Reichberg to bring him the gutta percha,
but they were talking about that article, and he un-
derstood that Reichberg had some to dispose of and
he brought him the piece in question as a sample.
He understood from the prisoner that he was to keep
it until he asked for it, and it laid about quite
openly in his room until he gave it to the officer.
When he was acquainted with the prisoner at
Odessa, he followed the occupation of a setter of dia.
monds, and he also dealt in diamonds. _ _

_ .
Mr. Sleigh then said this was all the evidence he
proposed to lay before the Court on the present oc-
casion, and he should, therefore, merely formally
apply that the prisoners should be remanded to a
future day.
The Lord Mayor, who had paid the most careful
attention to the evidence, said he considered that
there was ample testimony to justify him in acced-
ing to the application, and the prisoners were
accordingly again remanded, and in the course of
the day were conveyed to Newgate.

COUNTRY MA _RAJ. A )5.

1..._.,

GLOUCESTER-JAN. 18.

An average supply of English wheat, and sales made at
previous prices. Foreign more inquired for, and rather
easier to buy, in some instances a reduction of is per qr
made. Otits a slow sale. Barley and beans may be con-
sidered unaltered.