The Sun.
London, England, 1862-11-05 00:00:00

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THE SUN.
LONDON, WEDNESI)NY, NOV. 5, 1862.

The political movements in America continued to
be as important as those of the armies—perhaps

more so. The latter, as we hear of them by the
City of New York to the 20th, are favour,ble to the
Federals. The army of the Potomac, indeed, ap-
pears as unable to advance, as the politicians, for
their own reasons, are desirous that itshould. Putting
Northern and Southern accounts together, we gather
that General LEE has suffered too much to be able
to attempt another inroad into Maryland, or to
make the attack on M'CLELLAN, but that he is
quite strong enough to hold his position against
any Attack the latter may make on him. In so far
as theteo"k nfederates are chiefly concerned to defend
Virginia, they may be regarded as the successful
side, While M.'ULELLAN cannot venture to assail
them. In Kentucky
seems
an
now to be certain that
And the west the Federals are
more successful. It
their opponents have
I
have
tr .etreated through the famous
Cumberland Crap, a place not marked on all
the earlier
the maps,
ones especially ; but the
reader will find it at the point where the boundary
line between Kentucky and
Eastern Tennessee in the Cumberlandrginia meets that of
The pass is evidently one of great military mountains.arY
parthian te
import-
ance. Once mor.-, however, the Confederates have
been successful in the
have retreated in safety, and with Yle,
much for
they
booty.
• Indeed it would seem to be on account of
the dis-
satisfaction felt with BUELL for allowing them to
escape at all, that he has been superseded by
ROSENCRANZ iu Kentucky. The Southern
papers
received by the mail previous to this, told us
that the complete success ef ROSENCRANZ at
Corinth would prove disastrous' to the Southern
e Luse in Kentucky and Tennessoe; the changes
now reported appear to confirm XhiP, since
we find the Federals quitting Corinth rind its
neighbourhood, and their succesgeneral tak;fig
sful g
the command of the Kentucky army. Nashville,
in Tennessee, is hol% ever said to be cut off from the
North, but it appears to be a mere guerilla move-
. Went, and the probability seems to be that Ken-
hick), and Tennessee ate substantially in the hands
of the Federals.
The
political news is more chequered and

exciting than the military news. The North is
in the midst of a severe contest between the Re-

publicans, contending for the position they had
gained through Democratic divisions, and the De-
mocrats, now uniting again under the pressure of
political adversity. Of course, it must be an incon-
venience to Mr. LINCOLN to have the party who

opposed his election predominant in Congress. They
cannot eject him from office before the termination
of his four years ; they cannot even displace his
Ministry, for the American Cabinet is not respon-
sible to Congress. But they can refuse any legis-
lation he may deem desirable. If a majority, they
could probably hinder his proclamation of Emanci-
pation on the Ist January from taking effect, since
its language seems to imply that he looks to Congress
to give him power to carry it into effect. If confi-
dent, however, of the military necessity of emanci-
pation, as he represents it through Mr. SEWARD to
be a purely military measure, he could carry it out
in virtue of his office as " Comtmiotahwnaodvueelr
the United States Army." Still
obstruction to the PRESIDENT tond b
ecarry f great
oonf
his plans in the face of a hostile majority in Con-
gress. We do not anticipate so great a change,

however, as this, but by this time the democratical
minority will have gained a large accession of

strength. In a letter received by this mail
from a gentleman, i❑ whose fidelity to facts
we have great confidence, we are informed that

" elections have just been held in several States,
and the Democrats have gained largely. This
arises from the fact that in many places the Repub-
licans have abandoned their own candidates to show
their approval of Democrats who have taken a true '
stand in relation to the war. The Democrats chosen
are all DOUGLAS men, and are pledged to a vigorous
prosecution of the war. However, we cannot dis-
guise the fact that the results are unfavourable to
the anti-slavery side. The Republicans have lost
several members of Congress, and at the same time
have defeated some of their worst enemies, VALLAN-
DIGHAM of Ohio among the number. Elections in
other States will soon come off, and some of the
strongest men in the land are in nomination. In
New Jersey the famous Dr. 0. A. BROWNSON, the
editor of the Review which bears his name, has been
put up. In New York Mr. BANCROFT, the his-
torian, is in nomination. As near as can be ascer-
tained now the Democrats gain two Congressmen
in Pennsylvania, six in Ohio, and two in Indiana.
In Pennsylvania the Republicans have probably
elected their State ticket, while the Democrats have
succeeded in Ohio and Indiana by heavy majorities.
In neither of these States was the chief magistrates
voted for, the election being for minor executive
officers. The vote turned in many cases on local

matters."
Ohio has always been a stronghold of Democracy
Pennsylvania, except when a tariff is at stake, could
never be relied on to vote for the North or liberty.
It is a border State, and the Quakers have long lost
their ascendancy there. It takes very mild views
of slavery. It looks chiefly to the profit of Southern
trade as it was; it returned BUCHANAN, under
whose Presidency the present rebellion was hatched,
and Indiana is also influenced by its proximity to
Kentucky. The Derby of the Northern elections
appears, however, to be one yet to come off, that
for the Governorship of the State of New York.
Brooklyn, where the New York navy yard is situ-
ated, must be the very Hyde Park of the excite-
ment. We read first of large meetings held
there to endorse the PRESIDENT'S proclamation,
and " denouncing the union as it was." The next
morning's telegrams tell of a Democratic meeting
held in the same place pledging the Democrats to
" restore the Union as it was," to maintain the
Constitution as it is, and denouncing arbitrary
arrests and interference with the freedom of the
press. The Proclamation of Emancipation is de-
clared to be " unwise in policy, and bad in prin-
ciple, securing an united South but making a dis-
united North."
This view of the Proclamation is undoubtedly too
true. Mr. LINCOLN hears no news in this declara-
tion. He knew that not only all the Democrats
would be against it, all of them being pledged to
the South and slavery, but that a great many of
his own Republican supporters, in their intense
aversion to negroes, would share the Democratic
feeling. All the Irish, who are the advocates of
slavery at Rome, in America, and everywhere ex-
cept in Ireland, would all be irritated by it ; they
dread, moreover, the competition of the negroes in
labour, although, with absurd inconsistency, one
great argument against emancipation is that the
negro, if free, will not work! But the great majo-
rity of the Republican party—Mr. HORACE GREELY
being their chief leader—have come to the full be-
lief that the alternative with the North now is,
emancipation, or submission to the South. They
are, doubtless, right. The only pity is that
they did not see this when Fort
Sumter fell. Mr. LINCOLN, scrupulous in
observing his constitutional oath, even towards
rebel States, began the war on the principle of
sparing the " domestic institution" of the South.
He never wished, as he told the country in his
inaugural address, to interfere with slavery where
it was already established. His party held the
ptahreey it wa
no udl dc
conquer.
audelry
.
same view. Ainfd,theevyencoulds
now,
save slavery,
This they now see to be impossible. Hence Mr.
LINCOLN'S only alternative was to issue tke procla-
mation, or to affront his own party. It is a partial
failure. It cannot satisfy the Abolitionists ; and
they denounce, reasonably enough, his making
slavery a reward in loyal States, and emancipation
a punishment for disloyal ones. As the result of
the whole, Mr. LINCOLN may find himself much
crippled in his plans when Congress re-assembles.
His own party embarrasses him as much as his
opponents; they are even now planning for the
Governors of the States to meet again and demand
I the dismissal of APCLELLAN. How can the North
' wonder amid all this at the coldness of European
sympathy. ;If it will offer to the world
for slavery,
suchavfeary,lse
issue as the South fanatically fighting
aagndaintshte
itloHrtohw, atcanbestth,
the latter
aabbuouset fijAhtnintig_
Slavery England" for giving its moral influenceittos
I neither. To neither, certainly, can it give
moral approbation.

An adventurous young lady, an Englishwoman,
by name Miss ELIZABETIL GARRETT, the daughter
i cum_
it appears of a gentleman in independent c r
stances, has but very recently been endeavouring,
at the University of St. Andrews, to realise upon
small scale, that is in her own individual instance,
the graceful day-dream dreamt a very few
years
since by Mr. TENNYSON, and charmingly related
by him in his Poetic Medley of " The Princess."
If Miss GARRETT has succeeded to no other extent
tvcaleeuoring
Her in this matter she has undoubtedly succeeded to
he
m extent ofc atuprectehcet wphroocleeedqiunegsstiaotn
St.of
Andrews have effectually resulted in the accom-
plishment of that one all important preliminary
to every conceivable reform or improvement—
symbolised under the phrase of the insertion of the
Th small end of the wedge.
The problem, so often
before now dexterously evaded, meanly shirked, or
the go-by—must now be taken as
seriously as may
be into Consideration, with a
rudely given

view to the discovery, if possible, of something
like a rational solution to it. Thanks
to this energetic person the difficulty now referred to

has at length for ever been (in parliamentary phrase)
thoroughly ventilated. It can no longer be blinked.

It must be taken into account frankly and seri-
ously as a matter to be discussed in sober earnest.
Before penning, however, another syllable in re-
ference to Miss GARRETT and her doings in the

Northern University, we will let our contemporary,
the Scotsman, recount in precise terms the exact
nature of these proceedings. Says the Scotsman,
" A young English lady, Miss ELIZABETH GAR-
RETT, the daughter of a gentleman of independent
fortune, who has educated herself highly in classics
and in some of the physical sciences with a view to
the study of medicine, visited St. Andrews during
the summer, and intimated her desire to become a
student in several of the classes during the winter."
A proficient already in classics and in some of the
physical sciences, the would-be physicianess on
arriving at St. Andrews, we learn, " Received de-
cided encouragement from some of the professors,
and others were understood to say that they would
offer no opposition to her becoming a student. They
were all very gallant except, we believe, Professor
FERRIER, whose strong conservative tendencies led
him to oppose, and to intimate his opposition with
that candour which extorts the respect due to a
trusty opponent as to a trusty friend. Relying on
the encouragement which she had received, this
lady arrived in St. Andrews a few days ago, and on
Wednesday last applied to the Rev. Mr. MACBEAN,
Secretary of the University, for a matriculation
ticket, paid the usual fee, received the ticket, and
signed her name in the matriculation book." All
this showing the young lady to be perfectly in
earnest. "Next day," it is added, " she presented
her ticket to Dr. HEDDLE, the Professor of Che-
mistry, and asked leave to attend his lectures. He
stated that he had no personal objection, and gave
her a letter to Mr. IRELAND, the Secretary of the
United College, authorising him to give her a
ticket for the chemistry class. On presenting this

letter and pa 3 ing the class• fee, she, according to the
usual course, obtained the ticket. In the same way
she obtained a ticket for Dr. DAY'S Class of Ana-

tomy and Physiology, he having no objections to her
being a member of it, but, on the contrary, giving
her a cordial welcome." So far, as the Scotsman
goes on to remark, "all this was very well, and
just what might have been expected from the dis-
tinguished and accomplished Professors of this
ancient and celebrated University. But unluckily
they seem somehow to have become alarmed at the
idea of being the first to take the lead, or rather
to permit of its being taken, in regard to this so-
called " innovation" of educating women in a Col-
lege, and in those branches of education that have
been generally confined to men or at least not sought
after by women. Accordingly on Saturday the
Senates met and passed a resolution to the effect
that the issuing of the matriculation-ticket and the
class-ticket to Miss GARRETT was not sufficiently 1
authorised ; that this novel question raised ought
to be deliberately considered and decided ;
that the opinion of other Universities and of
lawyers should be taken if thought expedient,
and that in the meantime Professors should be
enjoined to defer allowing the attendance of
this lady on the classes of the University."
Consequently, so far as relates to Miss GARRETT
at the present moment, the authorities have
brought that lady's movement in favour of extend-
ing the advantages of education to women, to a dead
stop. But thanks to the originator of that as yet un-
successful movement, the question of Female Edu-
cation must now, however reluctantly, be seriously
and completely taken into consideration.
With the decision of the St. Andrews' Senatus
we cannot in reason feel in way disposed to quar-
rel. It is the only conclusion they could as men of
common sense have arrived at. The Professors who
aided Miss GARRETT so chivalrously in her advance
towards the realisation of her object, must in truth
be acknowledged to have allowed their gallantry
to overmaster their discretion. Until some Female
University shall have been thoroughly organised
in the vague future.—shall we say in No Man's
Land somewhere about the epoch of the Mille-
nium—Miss GARRETT and her fair sisters with the
cerulean stockings, would probably do much better
to follow the advice of the old nursery ditty, to
" Sit by the fire and spin !"—dreaming dreams, if
they will, of the halcyon time to come, when some
as yet uncreated Alma Mater, having daughters in
lieu of sons, may flourish in arts, and letters, and

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