The Sun.
London, England, 1865-12-05 00:00:00

TUE SUPPLY OF COTTON FROM AMERICA.

More than six months have elapsed since the war closed,
still the quantity of cotton in the Southern. States is as
much a matter of dispute as when General Grant was be-
sieging Vicksburg and General Lee holding the Federal
army at bay on the Rappahannock. Reports are plentiful,
bu these are more remarkable for the darkness which they
throw around the question, and for their omissions, than for
that correct information which might now be expected,
and which is fully due.
As an illustration of the omissions continually met with,
I shall just refer to the recent circular of Messrs. W. P.
Wright and Co., of New York. These omissions are :
Ist, the consumption of the Northern manufacturers from
May Ist to October 31st, 1865; 2nd, the stock on Oct. 31st
at the Northern mills. 3rd, the estimated consumption of
the American manufacturers from Nov. Ist. to Sept. Ist, '
1866, when next next year's crop will be ready. Unless
the American consumption from May to Oct. is got at, and
also the stock in the American manufacturers' hands, as
well as the export stock in port and transit, it is impossible
to get at the correct quantity of cotton already received
from the South. Fortunately, all these facts are ascer-
tained, and, when put together,Jar exceed Messrs. Wright's
estimate of 742,756 bales as the total receipts.

The American manufacturers are estimated to have used
from May Ist. to Oct. 31st, on an average, 10,000 bales per
week, which is no doubt, if anything, under the mark,
when their prosperity is considered, and also the fact that
they cannot manufacture fast enough. How im-
portant the omissions are, and how they tell. I will just
put the following facts together ;
Bales.

Consumption of cotton in United States May
Ist to Oct. 31st (20 weeks), 10,000 per week 200,000
Exported to Europe in same period 296,000
Stock in ports and transit Nov. 7th (last return) 372,752
Stocks held at the mills of New York and New

England Manufacturers Oct. 31

960,752
Receipts as per Messrs. Wright's circular

217,986

Messrs. Wright have not only under-estimated what has
already been drawn from the hoards .of the South, but
whilst omitting what the American manufacturers will
want for the future, they also carefully omit committing
themselves to what is to come, and at the same time lead
you to suppose not only is the present stock on hand
372,752 bales to come to Europe, but that to a great extent
all the rest of stock in the South may be expected to follow.
I wish it was so, for it would be good news for Lan-
cashire. But unfortunately the American manufacturers
must be first served; and after they get what they want,
Europe will get the balance. How much then will that
balance be ? The best information which I have been able
to obtain from parties in America, whn, as I said before,
have gone to considerable expense to get at the true facts,
states that the old stock and the new crop will be from
1,250,000 to 1,500,000 bales. This is confirmed by the

, .
official letter of Mr. M'Culloch, the Secretary of the
Treasury, who, of course, has the best means of getting
at the truth, who can have no intention to mislead,
and who is certainly incapable of stating what is incorrect
or false.

Mr. M'Culloch's estimates, as your readers well know, is
1,300,000 bales. However, I will take the extreme figure,
and even put 100,000 bales to it for what high prices and
destitution may bring forth.
Old stock in South at the end of the Bales.

war and the new crop 1,600,000
Less consumption in States, May Ist
to Oct. 31st

Less estimated Consumption in States
Yov. Ist, 1865, to Sept. Ist, 1866 ;
43 weeks, at 12,000 bales per week 516,000
Less exported to Europe Oct. 315 t... 236,000-1,012,000

Remain for export to Europe from
Nov. Ist, 1865, to Sept. Ist, 1866

588,000

That this is the outside may bo seen at a glance in
another way. It is estimated, and I am afraid, under-
estimated, that the American spinners will from November
to September next consume 12,000 bales per week. If so
the present stock in all the ports from Maine to Texas and
their present stock of 92,000 bales will not supply them ;
and 'as nearly 1,000,000 bales is already accounted for,
there remains only what is now in the interior for Euro-
pean consumption. This all authorities unite in saying
cannot be over 600,000 bales, or 14,000 bales per week from
the Ist November till the Ist September next, when
the crop for 1866 will begin to come to the ports for ship-
ment.

—Vie have been permitted to read a letter from a very dis-
tinguished American citizen to a gentleman residing in this
town. The writer is an intimate friend of the Hon. David
A. Wells, the chairman of the commission appointed by the
United States Government, last spring, to revise their
revenue system, both external and internal, and which has
been busily engaged upon its duties since last March. In
a coversation with Mr. Wells on the 22nd of October last
that gentleman informed him that the commission had
been engaged in an examination of the great cotton
question, with a view to determine what is the tax Govern-
ment may place upon it, and that the new crop this year
would not exceed 300,000 bales; and then, after comment-
ing on what was in the States, and on the crops from
India, Egypt, Brazil, and China, stated that wo were
nearer a cotton famine than we ever had been before. The
writer regards Mr. Wells, and probably correctly, as being
better informed on the subject of cotton, from the thorough
investigation he has made, than any man in the United
States. Coming as this does from an official source, and
confirming the statement of the Secretary of the Treasury
contained in his letter published in our columns on
Thusrday last, and being a matter which so deeply affects
the whole community, we have felt it to be our duty to
place it before them.—Liverpool Post, Nov. 29.

DEATH OF JACOB COLLAMER.—Hon. Jacob Collamer
the well - known and greatly-respected Senator from
Vermont, died at Woodstock, in that State, on Nov. 14,
at the age of 73. He was a son of Samuel Collamer, who
was a native of Scituate, Mass., and a soldier of the Revo-
lution. In childhood he removed to Burlington, and was
graduated at the University of Vermont, in 1810. He
studied law at St. Alban's, and was admitted to
.practice at
that place in 1812, after which he made the frontie.r.
..
cam-
paign as a lieutenant of artillery in the detached. militia in
the United States service. He accomplished his. course of
preparatory collegiate and professional studies. without any.
other pecuniary means than his own industry supplied.
Until 1833 he practised law in Washington, Orange, and
Windsor counties, commencing. at Barre. In 1821, 1822,
1827, 1828, he represented the town of Royalton in the
General Assembly. In 1833 he was elected an Associate
Justice of the Supreme Court of Vermont, and was con-
tinued on the bench until 1842, when ho declined a re-
election. In 1843 he was chosen to represent the Second
District in Congress, was re-elected in 1844 and 1846, but
in 1848 declined to be again a candidate. In March, 1849,
ho was appointed Postmaster-General by President Taylor,
but on the death of the President be, with the entire
Cabinet, resigned. He was soon afterward made Supreme
Judge of his own State, holding that office until 1854, when
be was chosen United States Senator, which office he
filled up to the time of his death. - Tho death of Judge
Collamer deprives the Senate of one of its eldest and most
useful members. He was a man of clear and acute intel-
lect, and of great integrity of character. His principles of
political action were well defined and were held with tena-
city ; they were the result of his own independent reflec-
tion rather than of party relations, and though not
pressed with anything like undue obstinacy were never
yielded to considerations of mere expediency. His train-
ing had been that of a lawyer and a judge, and this some-
times gave perhaps too much technicality to his views of
public questions—but he was never overweeningly wedded
to his own ideas, or disposed to thwart practical action
by insisting unduly upon his own opinions. Though re-
presenting one of the most decidedly anti-slavery States
in the Union, he was always moderate and conservative
in his views, and always enjoyed the full confidence of
hie constituents.

The Volunteer year having closed with -Novem-
ber, the first movement of the new year, with most
regiments, is the distribution of the prizes won dur-
ing the preceding 12 months. One of the most at-
tractive of these ceremonies was witnessed on Satur-
day last at the Crystal Palace, where this interesting
phase of volunteer life was witnessed by many
thousand persons in the prize distribution to the
London Brigade. The distribution took place in
the Handel orchestra, which was fittingly deco-
rated, and among other visitors were Col. Erskine,
the Inspector-General, Lord Ranelagh, and many
members of the city corporation. Col. Warde, the
commandant of the brigade, in an address which he
made before the ceremony of the evening, said the
prizes which had to be distributed that day formed
the largest display, both in number and value, ever
presented to the brigade, a fact which proved that
the brigade had won the good opinion of those un-
der whose support it was started. The city acted as
the first parent to the biigade, giving it a subscrip-
tion of many thousands of pounds, and assisting it
in many ways, and the city companies had come
forward in the most handsome manner with prizes
of from 10 to 100 guineas in value. lie was glad
to see this, more especially at the present time,
because the generosity of the first starting might
be said to have been stimulated by something
like panic and excitement ; but this could
not be _ said now, this being the sixth year of the
brigade. The second, third, and four th years might
be looked upon as trial years, and these having
passed the brigade had received the most ungrudging
support. He was glad to say that the various city
wards were adopting companies as their own, and he
was in hopes that in a short time there would not be
a company in the brigade without the name of a
ward, and be to its ward an honotir. The ward of
Cripplegate had given the brigade a noble challenge
prize, to be shot for for ever, and the beauty of the
design was only equalled by the generosity of the
ward. [The speaker pointed to a large and massive
model in silver of old Cripplegate. At each of the
four corners of the gate an English yeoman stands
in an attitude of shooting, and beneath each figure
is a volunteer at the " Ready" position, thus repre-
senting two different eras.] The gallant officer went
on to relate one of the many legends of Cripplegate,
thus causing some amusement, and concluded by
stating that the brigade would return about 100
more effective members than in the previous year, a
fact upon which he congratulated them. Lady Har-
riet Warde then handed the prizes to the winners,
who on coming to the platform were loudly cheered.
The prizes amounted in value to about £l,OOO. The
honour of winning the gold badge as best shot of

the brigade was accorded to Colour-Sergeant
Churchill, who was received with military honours.
After the ceremony Col. Warde proposed a vote of
thanks to the visitors, coupling with the vote the
names of Col. Erskine and Lord Ranelagh.
The London Irish Volunteer Corps on Saturday
evening mustered at Somerset-house, and marched
to Burlington-house, Piccadilly, where the ceremony
of distributing the prizes were performed before a
vary large assembly by the Marchioness of Donegal.
The noble commandant of the regiment, the Marquis
of Donegal, in the statistics which he gave, showed
that during the year the corps had recruited to a very
*great extent indeed, and had mustered extremely
well at all the volunteer meetings of the year.
The first of a series of 12 competitions for the new
gold champion badge of the West Middlesex Rifles,
and for the silver champion cup, took place at
Wormwood Scrubs last Thursday, the conditions
being seven shots each at 300 and 600 yards, Wim-
bledon targets, scoring, &c. After a spirited com-
petition during a shower of rain the gold badge was
won by Ensign Gamier. A company, with a score
of 32 marks, the silver cup being won by Private
Hall, after shooting off a tie with Lieut. Marriner,
30 marks each. These prizes have been established
by the shooting committee of the corEs for the en-
couragement of rifle practice througliokit the year,
the contests to take place on the last Thursday of
each month, and the prizes to become the absolute
property of the members who win them the greatest
number of times in 12 months.

A most exciting contest took place at the range
of the North Middlesex Rifles, at Child's-hill, Hamp-
stead, last Thursday, between six members of the
corps, for the 'final possession of the Borough Chal-
lenge Cup, valued at 25 guineas, presented to the
corps by the then members for Marylebone, Lord
Fermoy and Mr. Harvey Lewis. The conditions
for shooting for the cup were that it should be com-
peted for once a month during a period of 12 months,
no member to be allowed to compete after having
done so twice successfully, and that it should be
finally competed for by the members who had been
successful in the previous monthly competitions. The
final competition has resulted in favour of Private
J. Thurston, No. 1 Company, with a score of 55
marks. The following are the scores. Ranges, 200,
500, and GOO yards, seven rounds at each :—Private
Thurston, 55 marks ; Corporal Kennedy, 49; Cor-
poral Jackson, 48 ; Sergeant Humphrey, 48 ; Pri-
vate Pavey, 47 ; Private Malkin, 42. The annual
distribution of prizes will take place at the St. Pan-
cras Vestry Hall on Monday the 18th inst.
The competition to decide which small bore rifles
should be used in the second stage of the Queen's
Prize next year, at Wimbledon, came off lately at
Woolwich Arsenal, and has been decided. There
were three entries—namely, the Birmingham Small
Arms Company, and the Whitworth, Mr. Henry,
and Mr. Rigby, whose rifles were chosen last year,
and were so generally esteemed. Mr. Rigby was
disqualified from:shooting, as he had failed to have
his rifles at the National Rifle Association's offices
at the time specified, so that the competition was
left between the Whitworth and Henry, the latter
of which was fired with the cheap soft lead bullets,
and the former with the mechanically fitted bullets.
The Whitworth was debarred the use of the
" scraper," the rod which was formerly used to
scrape down the fouling, but this drawback was
overcome by having copper washers to the loading-
wad, by means of which the barrel was craped clean
while loading. The competition was very close, and
the day was won by the Whitworth, the figure of
merit being the Whitworth 2.08, the Henry 2.11.

The finances of the United States continue to
make a favourable exhibit. During the last 19 weeks the
revenues of the Government have been $222,000,000, or
at the rate of fully $600,000,000 a year, a far greater sum
than is necessary to meet the expenditure. It is stated
that the Secretary of the Treasury will present to Con-
gress a plan for the gradual funding of all the legal
tenders.

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