The Sun.
London, England, 1862-07-23 00:00:00

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THE SUN.
LONDON, "WEDNESDAY, JULY 23, 1862,

There can be, and will be, but one opinion
throughout the whole British Empire, we might say
without exaggeration, throughout the whole
civilised world, on the duty of Parliament to make
the best possible provision for the daily increasing
suffering in the cotton manufacturing districts.
What is the best provision may well be matter
of discussion, but with half a year before U 9, during
which legislation would be impossible without an
extraordinary session, it would have been criminal
for Parliament not to take into consideration the
means by which such an extraordinary emergency
could be met. It may be, as Mr. BOUTEEIE seems
to think it will, that parish rating will meet
the parish difficulty—but that is certainly not the
general opinion. It may be wise, as the
general rule that the property in a parish shall be
altogether exhausted before the relief of its poor is
thrown on an adjoining parish (though we cannot
think so), but this is not an ordinary case. It is
not a crisis brought about by the common process of
over-manufacturing, and a subsequent glut. We
all feel that the case of the North is, so far as the
inhabitants of the districts are concerned, as
genuine a calamity as a flood or a drought, or a
potato rot, Ordinary rules and existing laws
cannot be expected to suffice in such a case.
It is early yet to express any decided opinion on
?lr. VILLIERS' plan, but we must say that pre-
viously to the discussions of the parties interested,
*which will be sure to bring out all the probabilities
Of its practical working, our impression is favour-
able. But two principles have been suggested, one
that of guardians being empowered to raise loans
on the security of the rates • the other that of ex-
tension of the area of charge,: when a parish be-
comes incompetent to support its poor. We do not
see why both powers should not be given. The
chief objection would be, that no is arish would raise
a loan which it must repay by instalments, when it
eould resort to the adjoining
parishes, and ulti-
mately to the county, and so avoid future liability.
Probably it would be so. Yet there may be parishes
so situated that a loan would be its proper, possibly
its preferred resort. parishes may have spirit
enough, like individuaP, to prefer borrowing to
throwing themselves on the union rates.
Be this as it may, the principle of resorting to a
The difference between
larger area is a fair one.
Mr. VILLIERS'S proposal and the existing law is,
that help may be sought from the wider area before
When its
the suffering parish is itself beggared.
rates exceed by two-thirds the average expenditure,
which, during the three preceding years, had been
incurred for the support of the poor, such parish is
to have a claim upon the common fund of the Union
to which it belongs. Unions at present divide the
poor into two classes, one settled in the several
parishes for which each parish pays separately ;
the other, the poor which are irremoveable from
the Union, and belong to no particular
parish. The fund which supports the latter is the
common Union Fund, and on this the Government
,proposesa to throw the burden of the excessive
cr.ar.ge caused to particular parishes by the present
To this fund, the parish seeking aid itself
contributes, so that, it bears a part of the additional
charge which it brings on the common fund. Mr.
VILLIERS does not eonsider the case of a distressed
Union is likely to occur ; should it do so, the ma-
chinery is ready to hand by which the county rate
could be made chargeable to the
mount required.
There is little weight ws think in
Mr. BouvutE's
objection, that the principle Of the
old Poor-haw is