The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENV-G, AUGUST 14, 1862

PUBLICATIONS.

Now ready at all the Libraries, 2 vols., post Bvo., cloth,
price 215.,
LA BELLE MARIE. A ROMANCE.
By the Author of " Smugglers and Foresters," "The
Earl's Cedars," &e.
" The romance of La Belle Marie' is one which we have
no hesitation in recommending to those who, whether at the
sea side, at home, or touring abroad, give themselves up to
the dolce far mente,' and we feel sure they
~-E;"naming one book the interest of which never •
—Eng-
lish Church. will thank us for
ilk,

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-
CHEAP EXCURSION to the SEA SIDE.

On SATURDAY, Aug. 16, an EXCURSION TRAIN will
leave Paddington at 3.45 p.m., and Reading at 4.50 p.m., for
WEYMoUTII, Dorchester, Maiden Newton, and Bridport
(12s. and 8s.); Yeovil, Castle Carey, and Bruton (11s. and 75.);
Frome, Westbury, Trowbridge, Melksham, and Chippenhani
(108. and Os.); returning either on Monday, Aug. 18, or Fri-
day, Aug. 22, at 7.30 a.m.

i:i.REAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-
‘..A A CHEAP EXCURSION TRAIN to CHIPPEN-
HAM, BATH, and BRISTOL will leave PADDINGTON
at 7.45 a.m., and READING at 8.50 a.m., on SUNDAY, Aug.
17 ; returning the same day at 7 p.m. Fares there and back
—Chippenham or Bath, 9s. and ss. ; Bristol, 100. and 6z.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-
ELEVEN DAYS' EXCURSION to the WEST of
ENGLAND. —On %fONDAY, the 29th of AUGUST,
an EXCURSION TRAIN will leave PADDINGTON at
8 a.m.; and Reading at 9.5 a.m., for WESTON-SUPER-
MARE, Highbridge, Bridgewater, Taunton, Williton, and
Watchet (for Lynton, &c.), Tiverton, EXETER, Starcross,
Dawlish, Teignmouth, Newton, Torquay, Paignton, Brix-
ham Road (for Dartmouth), Totness, Kingsbridge Road,
Plymouth, Tavisock, Bodmin, St. Austell, Truro, Penzance,
and other stations on the Cornwall Railways; returning on
Friday, August 29.—For fares, time of return, and further
particulars, see hand-bills, which may be obtained at any
of the Company's Offices.

- -
This Excursion will give passengers an opportunity of
witnessing the Royal Western Yacht Club Regatta, and also
a Volunteer Fttte and Fancy Fair at Plymouth, on the 19th
and 20th ; All England Eleven Cricket Match at Plymouth
on the 21st, 22d, and 23d; Torbay Regatta on the 22d ; and
Dartmouth Regatta on the 26th August.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-
CHEAP EXCURSIONS to the NORTH. —EXCUR-
SION TRAINS, at Low Fares, will leave Paddington every
Saturday during the month of August, at 9.40 a.m., for
WELLINGTON and SHREWSBUKY (17s. and 10s.),
Oswestry, Ruabon, Llangollen, W rexham, and Chester (18s.
6d. and 115.), Birkenhead. Liverpool, Warrington, and Man-
chester (21s. and 12s. 6d.) ; AND AT 6.35 P.M. for Leamington
and Warwick (108. 6d. and 65.), Birmingham (12s. and 75.), West
Bromwich. Wedneebury, and Bilston (12s. 6d. and 7s. (id.), and
Wolverhampton (13s. and Bs.), passengers having the option
of returning either on the following Monday, Wednesday,
or Saturday following the date of issue. Passengers will also
be booked at Reading by these trains. For time of return
and further particulars see handbills.

DISTRIBUTED MASCULINE POWER
RESTORED, in FOURTEEN DAYS, without the
possibility of failure. For guaranteed remedy enclose two
stamps. Address, CIIIRURGUS, 211, REGENT-STREET,
LONDON. W.

TEA.—STRACHAN and CO.'S Strong Rough
" Domestic" Black at 3s. Id. per lb.-26, Cornhill,
London, E.C.

TEA.--STRACHAN and CO.'S Fine " Inter-
mediate " Black at 3s. Bd. per lb.-26, Cornhill, Lon-
don, E.C.
TEA. STRACHAN and CO.'S Delicious
" Drawing Room " Black at 4s. 2d. per lb.-26, Corn-
hill, London, E.C.
Dr. Hassall's Certificate of Purity, and a Price Current
tree on application, 26, Cornhill, London, E.C.

ORNAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library,
.nd Dining-room, consisting of a new and elegant assort-
ment of VASES, Figures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks, Ink-
stands, beautiful inlaid Tables, Paper weights, &c., in Italian,
Alabas er, Parian, Marble, Bronze, Derbyshire Spar, &o.
Imported and manufactured by JAMES TENNANT, Mine-
ralogist to her Majesty, 149, Stand. W.C., London.

Mr. Tennant arranges elementary collections of SHELLS,
51INERALS, ROCKS, and FOSSILS, which will greatly
facilitate fhe interesting study of MINERALOGY, CON-
CHOLOGY, lnd GEOLOGY, at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to 100 guineas
each.

PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GEOLOGY and MINE-
RALOGY is given by Mr. TENNANT. at 149, Strand, W.C.

respected little friend DE COURCY is thus addressed :
" Ili I Cabman, are you engaged r' [lmagine De C.'s
disgust.]

A QUESTION FOR ZOOLOGISTS.—How many ounces go
to the pound ?

COOK'S DISCOVERY.—" Time is money." Yes,—but
Thyme sauce would not do as a substitute for Mint sauce.
KISSING GOES BY FAVOUR.—We thought that was•tbe
road it came by.

"A YOUNG WOMAN PROM THE COUNTRY."—Mr. and
Mrs. Coobiddy, tired of London servants, import the raw
material from the wilds of Devonshire.—Time, 10 p.m.
Order just given:.—."Bring in the tray, Ann." Ann
brings in the Washing Tray,
WHAT THE TORIES BERM TO THINK,--(Communicated
by Lord Dundreary.)—Game Preservation is the law of
the nation.

(From Punch.)

TURNING THE TABLES; OR, A LITTLE SAUCE FOR THE
GANDER.-11enrietta (who is joking, of course)--" I've
been thinking, dear Charles, that, as you require change,
it would be so nice for you to go down with the children to
some quiet place at the sea-side, while I and Mrs. Fred.
Spanker went to Badet-Baden for a few weeks—Eh?"
(This last being just what the wretch Charles has been
proposing to himself and Fred. Spanker for the last
month.)
MOTTO FOR THE FEDERAL PARTY.
Dished."

" Routs Fur-

'll never get him out 1 show you how to do it next
outp hßAiswb
innings." (Pam walks oftat in hand.)
laNto TofHE STcoursUeNhlFSe
does /ol33,d'Oelliar ttompd eirzran—d"boCwategs
THE CAB CONSPIRAUt-The Cabmen of London pie-
pace insurrection. There is no time to inquire into the
origin of their disaffection, but it dates from the time when
their Glorious Three Days of strike produced the tyranni-
cal Act of Parliament which compels them to be tolerably
honest and civil, except when their fares are women, stran-
gers, or other unprotected persons. The foul wrong which
placed means of redress within the reach of any person who
has plenty of nerve and perseverance, and a week to throw
away, has rankled in the minds of the cabmen, ancl the
exultation into which they have been thrown by the plun-
der which they have made this Exhibition year, has
brought them to exploding point. They now announce, in
fiery placards, headed " Awake, arise, or be for ever fallen,"
that they are resolved and united, and that they are about
to make a great demonstration in favour of their right to
commit highway robbery. When cabmen conspire, good
men must combine. They announce that they are going to
meet, several thousands strong, in Exeter Hall, and that
on the day of their meeting no cab shall be brought out
after twelve o'clock. They say, in print, that they wish
" to give the public a notion of the inconvenience of hav-
ing no cabs." What the innocent public has done to de-
serve that the whole business and pleasure of a great city
should be stepped, in order to promote the interests of the
pockets of any set of men, is not worth dimming. Be this
as it may, the licensing authorities have :he matter pretty
much in their own hands. If the cabmen want the law
altered, the same means are open to them that are employed
by her Majesty's other subjects for obtainirg a revision of
the law. But if they proceed to conspirac3 and coercion,
they should be made to comprehend that the law of cabs is
made for the benefit of three millions of Lcndoners, not for
that of three thousand drivers. Suppose Eomerset House
announces that the licence of every cabman who strikes, as
threatened, shall be, ipso facto, cancelled. Doubtless there
will be some inconvenience to the public :or some time.
But we shall be relieved, at once and for the future, from a
system of extortion and ruffianism.

REMINISCENCES IN CHURCH AND

STATE.

A new generation has sprung up since the 'using of the
Reform Bill. The working of the older system is begin-
ning to be but faintly understood among us. Bribery, in-
deed, and treating, with all their attendant scones of vice
and blackguardism, will not suffer themselves t. be shaken
out of our memories; but with all the elasticity which be-
longs to living and active forces, they have contrived to
fasten. themselves to the new system, and to feel themselves
as much at home in it as they did in the old ; but though
the principle was the same, its manifestation and modes of
work were different. Our cleverest electioneering agents
now-a-days would be puzzled to get through the work that
fell to the lot of their luckless predecessors. We can fancy
a man not necessarily of sensitive conscience, or needlessly
dainty about the cleanness of his hands—a man who has,
as it is termed, the poorer voters of his borough under
his thumb, sigh in dreary despondency at the
approach of the election day; and as he thought of the
dirty work he must get through by evening, feel inclined
to say with Falstaff—" Would it were bedtime, Hal, and all
were well.' " But what would he say if that pressure
upon his conscience, and those switches upon his hands—
to say nothing of the strain upon his wits in looking after
the interests of his client, bribing the voters for his oppo-
nent, and preventing his own voters from being bribed
away from him—were to last not for the day,
but for 14 ? It is hard enough now upon a candidate to
hunt up all his voters in a town, and in his course to make
such acquaintance with its holes and corners, and out-of-
the-way places, as none but a parliamentary candidate or
detective policeman can boast of? But what is that com-
pared to the endless labour of seeking for stray voters in
every county, almost in every town of the kingdom? Trac-
ing them through all their peregrinations, and coming upon
them at last only to find that, before you can have the be-
nefit of their vote you must take their clothes out of pawn
—perhaps their persons out of prison, pay the expenses of
the journey to and from their native places, and allow them
reasonable expenses for the loss of employment (which pro-
bably they never had), and for staying at home a short time
after the election to see their friends. And when to this is
added that the worst scenes of revolting rioting and drunk-
enness which we now hear of in some of our modern bo-
roughs, were then kept up during the whole fortnight of
the election, it will be understood from what a sink of abo-
mination the Reform Bill has delivered us.

---- • ----
My recollections in this matter relate to a seaport in the
North, which enjoyed its full share of these unenviable
distinctions. In some respects it was more favourably
situated than others of our old corporations ; it was not a
close borough, it had no patron, it was open to generous
impulses, and it was rare indeed when one of its mem-
bers was not to be found on the Liberal side. In its
better days it had been a pure democracy ; in its latter it
had degenerated into a perfect form of oligarchy—that is to
say, one privileged class in the borough. The freemen de-
cided by their votes in Guildhall all points of internal ma-
nagement and regulation. There was no town council, nor
committee, nor representative body in the place. The bur-
gesses managed all by their direct action. Was there a street
to be paved, or a lamp to be put up, or a piece of the town
land to be let, a guild was called in a public hall, some 200
or 300 noisy freemen decided upon the right and the fitting;
and the right and the fitting in their eyes was just what
may be expected from such a course. It happened that the
lands in possession of this sapient body were extensive and
valuable. James VI. of Scotland, on his way to take pos-
session of Elizabeth's crown, first set foot on English ground
there, and was entertained by his new subjects with gene-
rous hospitality, and what he liked as well, a flattering ad-
dress. In gratitude he endowed them with a large slice of
crown lands that lay round the town, the appanage of a
royal castle that had once played a conspicuous part in
bridling the Border. These lands, the burgesses at a
very early period came to the resolution of appropriat-
ing, not to the benefit of the town as a com-
munity, but for their own individual advantage.
With the single exception that they could not be alienated
from the corporation nor transmitted by hereditary descent,
they treated them exactly as the neighbouring squires
treated their estate, as existing entirely for their own be-
hoof. The burgesses therefore throve,
but the town
languished ; for as every improvement and reform of the
public property must be paid for out of the fund, thus
otherwise appropriated, it may easily be supposed that the
patriotic freemen regarded with jealous eyes all propositions
that involved expenditure, and looked upon them as so
many downright robberies committed on property. And
in the long run it was found that these estates did not even
benefit themselves. They operated
41 this way. There
was not enough to divide among all the burgesses; so the
residents, who, of course, bore rule, Passed a law that all
their brethren living beyond the borough bounds should be
excluded from the benefit. So rigidly was this enforced,
that a burgess living on the opposite bank of the stream
which divides what for all practical
purposes is one town,
had no share in the division of the
effect of this was to deaden the spirit spoil. The natural
of enterprise among
the freemen ; to induce them to remain at home, vegetating
upon the pittance they received from the public property,
rather than to seek for wealth and independence farther
afield. But even with this restriction the pigs wore more
than the teats the burgesses than
common land. A farther discrimination was therefore
resorted to, and the lands were given according
to age. The oldest burgess had the fattest
share ; the benefit gradually
diminishing as it
reached the juniors; and there Was a considerable
proportion of young fellows who kept loafing about the
town, with or without work as the case /night be, in expec-
tation of the older men whose obstinate vitality kept them
out of their inheritance, dying off at last, and admitting
them upon the first step of the ladder. Their earnings at
other work were eked out in the meantime by their attend-
ance at the guilds, where a shilling or
two might often be
for or against
picked UP by voting proposition whi
person might have private reason's for taking an inte-
restsonie
in. Then there were the agents for the sitting mem-
bers, and the attorney who aspired to be the agent for some
future member—all men of proctica4 benevolent turn of

mind, who would not see a poor fellow—of course a burgess
—want for a half-crown at an odd time. All this was
cellent training for the great septennial orgies when they
came, and produced a gradual sapping of the independence
of the whole body which it required no small amount of
moral courage to resist. But these special municipal privi-
leges operated to the disadvantage of the borough in
another way. They were so valuable, and their value
depended so much on keeping down the number of those
who could claim a share in them, that the utmost jealousy
was shown in admitting any one to the burgess roll, who.
had not an indisputable claim. The only terms of
admission were hereditary right or apprenticeship; for
which latter an enormous fee was charged, and not the fee
only but actual service for seven years was rigidly exacted.
This of course prevented any man who had come into the
town from becoming a burgess. He might, by his energy,
'industry, and enterprise, have risen to be the richest and
most influential man in the borough, but he could not hope
to have as much voice in the election of members of Par-
liament as a drunken day-labourer whose father happened
to have been a burgess before him.
Every new election in the borough brought a contest.
Such a thing as an unopposed return was hardly ever
known. This, arose from the position of the out voters. The
residents might-
have been bribed into quiescence by the
old members, but it was not in their power to persuade the
electors who had gone away to forego their visit home to
see their friends, their three weeks' or a month's holiday
members,eou
otakinghave been
their earned
seats
a
and their being paid for idleneei `at a far higher rate than
d ever
n
their
one election,irw°rkSo
t mighthatthe
reckon upon it' as a matter of course that they must en-
counter a " third man" at the next. A. requisition was got
np for some gentleman, whose existence was never heard
of before, but who was suddenly discovered to possess all
the virtues under heaven; and to that requisition there was
sure to be appended the names of all the eat_.
voters. The sitting members resorted to various ex-
pedients to defeat the practice and enlist the out-voters
in their favour; but they rarely succeeded. There was
honour among thieves ; and the voters were true to the
man without whom they felt they could not have enjoyed
the advantages the sitting members were offering. Here
and there cases were found where a mean-spirited wretch
had signed the requisition for one man, and when the poll.
ing came had found reasons to vote for another, but he was
held " ruddering " by his stout Saxon companions, who
stood stiff upon their-honesty that they were invariably
faithful to the first briber. Sometimes the bribe was trans-
ferred from the voters to be conveyed to the person who
conveyed them. One such successful trick still lives in the
memories of the borough. The great body of the out-voters
were to be found in London ; and from London the voters
were conveyed, generally in one vessel, by sea. Au in-
genious sitting member bethought him of opening com-
munications with the skipper of the smack that was to con-
vey them; and the result was seen in the poor fellows—
some hundred or more—being kept tossing about in the
North Sea during the days the election lasted, the cross-
grained elements only allowing them to reach the port after
the return was made and all was over. The trick was only
played once, but it was often apprehended; for in those
days steam was not, and in the capricious elements that
vex our eastern coast, a seven or eight days' passage, even
with the most pushing of skippers, was of no uncommon
occurrence. When such a delay took place with the ves-
sel that was freighted with electors, and the fortune of the
election, what an agitation and speculation and general
state of fidget there was all over the town. How many
anxious eyes were turned seaward to the grand expanse of
dark blue water that rolls through that bay. How every
flow and puff of wind was watched as indicative of a
coming change 1 For one of the peculiarities of election
here was, that though the poll could be kept open for a fort-
night, that was only on condition that voters were con-
stantly coming forward. If a given time elapsed—an hour,
if I recollect right—in which no voter appeared at the
hustings, which in those days was synonymous with the
polling booth, it was held that the list of voters was ex-
hausted, the poll was closed, and the members declared.
Therefore it behoved the candidate who was lowest on
the poll, but who expected his out voters to turn the scale,
to husband the resident votes that remained to him. If his
supply had run very short, he would expend them in drib-
lets, one vote an hour. The candidates in the majority on
the other hand withheld their remaining votes altogether—
to send a man to the poll was only to help their antagonist ;
for the law did not care en what side the elector voted,
every vote recorded left the poll open for another hour.
And the burgesses at large did not care how the poll went,
or how long it was likely to last. It was enough for them
that the public-houses on both sides centinued open, and
that drink was to be had in them during the fortnight with-
out stint and without pay. What exhibitions used to be
made 1 How the pot-valiant electors used to strut about
the streets shouting out the names of their favourite candi-
dates, while others, in a more maudlin state, insisted on
slobbering and kissing the candidates or their principal
agents as often as they met them in the streets. With
much drunkenness there was little or no fighting. The
practice of hiring "roughs" to decide elections by club-
law did not then exist, and as for the electors themselves
they were not enough in earnest to fight for their favourites.
Tongue-doughty warriors there were in plenty; but the
brawl seldom or never proceeded to a riot. At that time a
single constable sufficed to keep the peace for a town of
6,000 inhabitants. The temper of the burgesses on those
political questions which they might be expected specially
to look after as the theoretic guardians of the constitution,
may be gathered from one characteristic incident. While
the agitation for the Reform Bill was at its height, the
great majority of the burgesses were Tories, and opponents
of reform. Their opposition did not stop the measure,
which in due time became law. When the measure was
passed,a motion was made by an anti-Reformer—a drunken
bell-ringer—that each burgess should get a sum—a sove-
reign, I think—out of the common fund of the borough, to
"drink the Reform Bill's health." It was seconded by ano-
ther man of the same kidney ; and though opposed by the
Reform party among the burgesses, yet as they were in a
small minority, the motion was carried. On this the
Reformers took counsel together : they held that though it
was a monstrous waste of the public money, yet, as the
waste was to take place, they might as well go and take
their share. And so they did, and for once in the borough
annals the two parties exhibited an edifying spectacle of
drunken unanimity.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

WOLVERHAMPTON RACE S.-WEDNE SDAY.

The Shakespeare Stakes (Handicap) of 5 sous each, 3
ft, with 25 added ; for all ages. Three-fourths of a mile.

8 subs.
Mr. Mills's Vulture, 6 yrs, Bst 21b ....(H Grimshaw) 1
Capt. Christie's Spicebos, 5 yrs, 9st 31b ....(Fordham) 2
Mr. Angell's Astarte, 4 yrs, Bst (T. French) 3
Mr. Barber's Ophelia, 3 yrs, 6st 21b (Noble) 4
Mr. Crook's Redpole, 4 yrs, 7st 121 b (Clement) 5
- - - - - -

Betting—Even on Spicebox, 9 to 2 each agst Vulture and
Red pole.
Vulture jumped off first, but in a few strides was passed
by Astarte, Spicebox occupying the third place, and Red-
pole bringing up the rear. Entering the straight Vulture
took up the running from Astarte, and at the distance was
joined by Spicebox. A slashing race ensued from the half-
distance, Fordham, however, failing to get up, was beaten
a length; a similar distance separated the favourite and
Astarte; and Ophelia was a bad third.

The Stamford Biennial Stakes of 10 soya each, h ft, with
50 added; colts, Bst 91b ; fillies and geldings, LBst 61b;
certain penalties and allowances. One mile and a half.
39 subs, five of whom pay forfeit.
Lord Stamford's Dusk, 9st 81b (Edwards) 1
Mr. Lincoln's Ross, Bst 61b (Fordham) 2
Mr. Ward's Ellangowan, Bst 21b (Keeler) 3
Mr. T. Parr's Equator, Bst 61b (Marlow) 0

Betting-5 to lon Dusk, who made the running through-
out and won, after a magnificent race from the half-dis-
tance, by a neck. A bad third, and Equator did not pass
the post.'

The Borough Members' Plate of 60 sovs, added to a Sweep-
stakes of 7 sovs each, 4ft, for all ages; winners walls.
Straight half mile. 27 subs, 4of whom pay four sovs

forfeit, and 6 two sous to the fund.
Capt. Christie's Lady Clifden, 9st 91b (includ. 71b extra)
(Fordhani) 1
Lord Coventry's Mousetrap, 4 yrs, 7st (mod mss/
Captain D. W. Pack Btresford's..D.ian a., 4
Lord Stamford's Ellerton, Bst .. . .....•• •Mdwardß) 3
(inc 71b extra) (W. Wodehouse) 4
Mr. Barber's The Cutler, 3
yrs, Est 51b ...... (G. Noble) 6
Lord Wilton's Achyranthus'colt, ..... gat 21b
Mr. W. Saunder's Bradford 6 yrs 7st 41b •, (Ruby) 6
Betting-5 to 4 agst Lady Clifden, 9to 2 agst Ellerton,
i yrs, 05t.... (Huline) 7
5 to 1 agst Diana, 8 to 1 agst Mousetrap
Wen lot got away together, which occupied a little
time, h
theythe were sent away by Mr. M'aeorg.e simultane-
Mousetrap and Cutler togetherbetween
ously . Ellerton and Diana, however, showed in front, with
Lady Clifden third, and
next. Lady Clifden waited upon Ellerton and Diana to the
distance, where, splitting the pair, she came away, and
Fordham won, with hands down,. by two lengths ; half a
length between the second and third, and a length
the third and fourth.
The fielyoake Stakes (Handicap) of 20 says
each, 10 ft,
and 6 if declared, with 100 added :
, nner
i w
and a half. 18 subs, 10 of whom 8 extra. Mile
10 ft.
Mr. E. Buckley's Wynnstay, 4 pa
yrs, Bst 41by 5 ft, and one

Mr. F. Swindell's Millionaire, 5 yrs, 7st cra. G
131 b (in ex)mha 1
71b )
Mrs Satanella (Challoner) 2
3 yrs, 6st 51b .. (Williamson) 3
Betting—slEeY' ,
ven on Wyonstay,
5 to 4 agst Millionaire, 10
to 1 agst Satanella.
wynnstay made all the running, and won by. t7°
lengths ; Millionaire on being called upon at the hagdis-
tance refundto try, ittalzella, who prior to the °tart 1184

PR1CE.....-..4d.
STAMPED ....55.

run four times round the course, Wu beaten half a mile
from the finish.

The Wrottesley Stakes of 5 sous each, with 40 added,
for all ages; selling allowances. Straight half mile.

6 subs.
Mr. Hart's Phantom, 6 yrs (£3O), Bst (Clement) 1
Mr, Wallace's Crisis, 2 yrs (£3O), sst 91b (J. GrimBhaw)" 2
Lord Wrottesley ns Duke of Cambridge, 2 yrs (£3O), sst
121 b
Mr. Devereux's Bcetia 2 yrs (£;O), 58t 91b (Williamson) 4
Lord Coventry's The Event, 2 yrs (X3O;, sst 121 b
(J. Loates) 5
Betting-5 to 4on Phantom, sto 1 each agst Bcetia and
Event, 7 to 1 agst
Bcetia, followed by Duke of Cambridge and the favourite,
led into the straight, where Phantom took up the running.
Event was there beaten. At the half-distance Phantom
was joined by Crisis, and an interesting race resulted, the
favourite, who was never caught, ultimately winning easily
by a length; two lengths between second and third, The
winner was bought in for 65 guineas.
The Chillington Stakes of 10 sovs each, h ft, with 50 added,
for 2.yr-olds; colts, Bst 91b ; fillies and geldings, Sst 61b ;
winners extra, and maiden allowances. Straight half

mile. 24 subs, one of whom pays forfeit.
Count F. do Lagrange's Vivid, Bst 131 b (H. Grimshaw)
Cap!. A. Hawksley ns Abernethy, Bst 131 b (Custance) 2
Lord Stamford's Barchettina, Bst 101 b (Edwards) 3
Lord Coventry's Zara, Bst 101 b (J. Adams) 4
Mr. E. C. Naylor's Stockbroker, Sst 41b (Challoner) 5
Betting-7 to 4on Vivid, 4to 1 agst Zara, 100 to 15 agst
any other.

Zara on the inside, with Stockbroker next to her, and
Abernethy wide on the left, came on to the distance, where
Zara was beaten, and giving way on nearing the inclosure,
Vivid took up the running, and stalling off Abernethy's
rush, galloped home three lengths first. A length divided
the second and third, and a similar distance separated third
and fourth.

The Cleveland Cup, of 10 sovs each, with 100 added, for
3-yr.olds and upwards; winners extra, with maiden and
selling allowances. Twice round, starting from the

Stand. 9 subs.
Mr. Astley's Atherstone (not to be sold), 4 121byro,oh8nsitam
) 1
Mr. James Barber's Ophelia, 3 yrs (£200), Gst lib
Lord Lord Stamford's Dusk (not to be sold), 3 yrs, ist 71b 3
(Edwards)
Betting-5 to 2on Atherstone.
Ophelia made running into the straight, where she was
joined by Atherstone and Dusk, the latter, however, died
away up the straight and was beaten at the distance. At
the paddock enclosure Atherstone took up the running
from Ophelia, but did not win without being called upon,
Ophelia being beaten only by a neck.

THE CUL7IVATION AND SUPPLY OF
COT7ON.

A conference was held yesterday, in the Council-
room of the Royal Horticultural Society, between a
deputation from the Manchester Cotton Supply
Association and the commissioners representing
countries contribating specimens of cotton to the
International Exhibition, in reference to the growth
and cultivation of that article. The deputation
consisted of Mr. S. Cheetham, President of the
Association ; Mr. E. Ashwortb, Vice-President :
Mr. H. Mason, Mr. E. Walmsley, Mr. T. Mosley,
Mr. W. Armitage, Mr. W. Wanklyn, and IMr. S.
D. Sutton.

Mr. CnEETIIAM having been called to the chair,
in opening the proceedings, said that the cotton
manufacture of this country was in an unexampled
state of depression, owing to the difficulty of obtain-
ing an adequate supply of the raw material. As an
individual, he looked forward to the next few
months with feelings of the greatest anxiety,
amounting almost to despair. The cause of this
state of things was the civil war in America.
Hitherto our main supply of cotton had been de-
rived from America. The value of the American
crop for the yea rlB6O was estimated at £40,000,000,
but it was now evident that for many years to come
America would not be able to attain the position
she had lost, and indeed it was held in some quar-
ters that under no circumstances would she ever
attain that position again. He thought that in

future other countries would at least obtain
£20,000,000 worth of the supply previously mono-
polised by America_ If the representatives of dif-
ferent countries whom he saw before him wanted

to extend the cultivation of cotton in their respec-
tive countries, he recommended them to make the
American planter their guide, and to remember that
the quality whioh he had produced with so much
satisfaction was the quality which they should
attempt to produce. The country which came
second in point of quantity was India. The pro-
duction in that country was 400,000 bales annually,
but they had nothing whatever to learn from
India, except that it produced the worst possible
cotton on the face of the earth. The question
for the meeting to consider was, whether
they could look steadily forward to remuneration,
if they could induce the various countries they repre-
sented to enter upon the cultivation of cotton. If
they could produce cotton at from sd. to 6d. laid
down in Great Britain they had a perfectly safe
market.

Mr. MAnsll, M.P., observed that, as had been
fairly stated by the chairman, cheapness was the
essential element to be borne in mind in the consi-
deration of the whole question of cotton supply,
because inasmuch as it was used to clothe all man-
kind, from the most civilised to the most savage,
the question of price became of the most paramount
importance. He warned them against deluding
themselves, or the Cotton Association, or the starv-
ing population of Lancashire, by vain hopes and
expectations of supply from the colonies, especi-
ally that of Queensland, in Australia, unless a con-
siderable change took place in the rate of labour.
He presumed that in Queensland, which he repre-
sented on the present occasion, the class of bullock-
drivers might fairly be taken as representing the
class of men who would be cultivators of cotton ;
yet that class would earn about 160 a year, includ-
ing rations, and it was quite useless to expect a
cheap cotton to be grown that could at all compete
as respected labour with other articles.
Under the
circumstances, he considered it was impossible that
a good description of cotton could be produced under
Bd. or 9d. a puund. There were, however, fertile
ka that districts extending towards the Gulf ?f Carpentart
of the ia,l
the climate of which was m
ore
tropics, where they had regular rains li
and monsoons
our could be
six months in the year. If cheap
lab
sample of cot-
obtained in that district
an
would excellent
be cheap and
ton could be produce,
wwould be possible to bring
good. He thought it
both Chines© and Coolie labourers, and therefore he
was not prepared to say that in future the cotton
for the English market would not be produced in
Queensland.
isix„ who represented Barbadoes,
Mr. WE,
observed that he bad some knowledge, as chairman
f
Committee,capabilities of the of
to the Indian
that country for producing cotton, and although
he quite admitted that the West Indies could
produce cotton, yet the real fact was, that the cul-
tivation of sugar paid better, and it was in vain to
suppose that cotton would he grown while other
things paid better.

Various gentlemen from different cotton-growing
districts addressed the meeting, from whose state-
ments it appeared that the principal difficulty wast
the dearness of labour, but the general opinion of
the speakers app
eared to be, that if there was any-
thing like a
Prospect of continuance of the demand,
there would be no difficulty in obtaining an effi-
cient suppl 3, of cotton.
Mr. Asinvorrit observed that this was one of the
most important meetings that had grown out of
the International Exhibition. With respect to the
cutton question, there could be no doubt that the
Northerners bad stimulated the cotton
Producers of
the South, but the withdrawal of the Northern ca-
pital would probably shackle her One-third, and
instead of four millions of bales, one-third of that
would not continue to reach England. It was the
cotton-producing countries that had to consider
this, in order to see which country should produce
it. There could be no doubt
that the cotton culti-
vators were men of vast energy, education, and
talent, and they had their associations for the pro-
motion of the Just like we had
growth of cotton, j
our agricultural associations for the promotion of 4

A

agriculture, and those would be the elements of
success among the 35 new countries now opening-

Colonel Miss° crc BET, as representing Turkey,,
stated that the question was one of great interest
to the Sultan and his Government. He had had
many oppertunities of knowing their desire to in-
crease the production of cotton, in reference to
which the Turkish Empire offered so important a
field. He believed that a great increase would be
derived from that quarter.
_

Some further addresses having been delivered,
the proceedings terminated. A sumptuous enter-
tainment was subsequently provided by the Cotton
Association to the commissioners in the refresh-
ment department of the Exhibition.

ALLEGED TVILFUL DEST.RUCTIOAr OF

SHIPS.

For some time past plc,cards have been extensively
circulated throughout the country and advertise-
ments inserted in the nevi spapers stating that it had
tecorne known that divers ships had of late been
unlawfully and maliciously cast away and destroyed
by fire or otherwise, with intent to defraud under-
writers and others, at the instance of fraudulent
shipowners and their accomplices, and that a reward
of £2OO would be paid and a free pardon given to
would ouiapersonsleadt
to the
ewcmovuiledtiegnivoef
tshuec
irh informationaeeemplices as
. A
upon the above was yes case involving facts bet-rring
terday brought before Mr, Raines at the Liverpool
Police-court, when Thomas Jamieson, late a sea cap-
tain, and we believe a part owner of some vessels,
was brought upunder the following circumstances :
—He had written a letter to a shipowner and mer-
chant, in which he intimated that unless Ruckston
gave him money he would expose some joint villany
connected with the destruction of ships. This letter
was handed by Mr. Ruckston to his legal advigerw,
and ultimately on Jamieson refusing to retract the
assertion as to Mr. Ruckston's culpability he was
given into custody on the criminal charge of en-
deavouring to obtain money by intimidation. The
information was yesterday laid against the pri os-
ner under the Act 24 and 25 Vie., cap. 96, which
provides that whoever shall send any letter or writ-
ing, knowing the contents thereof, to any person,
with menaces, and without any reasonable or pro-
bable cause, for the purpose of obtaining money,
shall be guilty of felony, and liable upon conviction
to penal servitude for life. It appeared that some
ten years ago the prisoner became acquainted with
the prosecutor, and he then suggested the purchase
of a ship called the Roscoe. Ruckston and Jamie-
son then became joint owners of the ROSCOC, and
after she had made several voyages was (as Jamie-
son alleged in his letter) purposely lost at the re-
quest and instruction of Ruckston. The following
is an extract from Jamieson's letter demanding an
arranrment :—" Now my intentions are that I
must have a settlement, for I cannot lose the op-
portunity the advertisement gives me of exposing
our joint villany when you reaped all the reward!'
* * * "I would advise you to come to terms
immediately." The prisoner and Mr. Ruckston
had also transactions with another vessel the, Ma.
rino, about which there was some difficulty respect-
a mortgage-deed, and Jamieson had quarrelled with
the prosecutor several times about it.
The solicitor for the prosecution stated that on
several occasions:the prisoner had been most abu-
sive to his client before` lie had sent the letter of in-
timidation.
For the defence it was contended Jamieson would
be able to substantiate the allegations made in his
letter if a remand was granted ; and that he would
not only be able to substantiate these allegations,
but expose a gigantic system of swindling practised
upon underwriters.
A remand was then granted, bail being refused.

THE SINKING OF 7HE IRON SHIP

GANGES IIV THE RIVER.

It has now been ascertained that five of the crew
of lascars of the iron ship Ganges, which capsized in
the river off the Shadwell entrance of the London
Dock, perished in the vessel when sac went down.
On the crew being mustered at the Home for
Asiatics, at Limehouse, on Tuesday night, five were
found to be missing, and there is no doubt they
were drowned in the ship. They were the lascar
doctor, or compounder of physic for the men, and a
lasear who was sick, two other lascars who were
cleaning out the hold, and a little boy, an Asiatic,
servant to the captain. It appears that the little
fellow was in the cabin, and, probably being over-
whelmed by the rush of water, he perished. On
the fall of the tide yesterday vigorous efforts were
made by the Thames police to find the bodies of the
missing men. The officers mounted the side of the
hull of the ship, which had been left several feet
out of the water, and after working about some
time the bodies of the doctor and the sick man
were discovered in their bunks in the outhouse on
deck. A drowned dog was lying near the latter
body. The remains of the deceased men were sent
ashore and deposited in Shadwell bone-house, and
the police continued their search after the other
sufferers, but nothing could be seen of them. It is
expected, however, that they will be found in the

ship.
During the ebb tide of yesterday morning and
last evening gangs of shipwrights were engaged in
getting the masts out of the ship, but owing to her
being fitted with wire rigging the work was one of
much difficulty. It is anticipated that in the course
of to-night they will be got sway, and operations
will be at once commenced to lift the sunken wreck.
Application was made to the East and West India
Dock Company for the use of the powerful floating
fixed.
t ehre.
vie
derrick, which is in the East India Dock, to raise
the ship, and which would have made short work
a
of it when oncethech
however,ainswereto grant firmly
g
the The
dock
occk of ndY declined,errick, on the ground that, by
the
terms upon which they held the machine, they were
precluded from employing it outside the dock.
appeal was then made to the Thames Conservancy
Board for the attendance of their powerful chain
lighters. They also at first declined, alleging that
it was not usual to grant them except when the
board undertook the work.
commerce
of r
ee thee
of shipt
he
w whole
o
The application was
followed up, and it being pointed out that the
reallyposi-
tion affected the navigation and
m
port, the board directed the
chain lighters to be
thought
placed at the service of those
who are employea in raisingthat chainsvessel. w
iwill Should
be
got
go well, it is
under the sunken ship in the course of to-morrow
the the
morning's
ebb, and the lighters being " pinned "
down alongside her, she will float at the afternoon
flood.

At present she is a very serious obstruction, right
in the fair way of the stream, and a foreign barque
in coming up the river yesterday afternoon touched,
it is thought, the upper part of her starboard bul-
wark, and remained so for 10 minutes. Fortunately
the tide was not falling, and a
tug being at hand
the foreigner was towed off, but whether she sus-
tained any dam age or not we could not learn. Capt.
James, the principal harbour master attached to the
Thames Conservancy Board, has taken every pre-
caution to protect the shipping passing upend down
Green (wreck)
during the day, and lights at night. At high water
flags are placed near the wreck
yesterday afternoon she was perfectly covered with
broken water.
It appears that the ship had only 40 tons of bal-
last and 20 tons of water in tanks in her. Her top-
masts were also not struck, and some of her yards
were not sent down, which would all tend to make
her topbeavy. She was intended to have been
placed on a berth in the London 1)ock, for Austra-
lia. Captain Nourse, the commander, owns the
principal prorillionofostutnhedevrelsasneid,w,
ihitiseth vent was purchased
,
of Mosso. 7

GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION —The Government
6,3,4z-rant ship Northumberland, of 812 tons, Capt. W. 11•
imwkins, belonging to Mr. G, 'W. Tyser, of London,
sailed from Plymouth on the Bth of August, for Sydney,
New South Wales, with is married couples,
106 single
men, 106 single women,boys between the ages of I and
male and
12, 25 girls between the same ages, and three 21
three female infants, making a total of 300 souls, equal to
271 statute adults, under the charge of Superintendent C.
G. H. Graham, I‘l.D , assisted by the serrices of Thomas
ThtlrßbY, SChoolnaaster, and Nllen A' Smith, matron.