The Sun.
London, England, 1865-08-21 00:00:00

THAMES.

IMPRISONMENT WITHOUT A FlNE.—Charles Parkins, a
bricklayer, was charged with interfering with the police in
the execution of their duty, and with assaulting Policeman
221 K.

It appeared that about 12 o'clock on Saturday night he
was on duty in North-street, Poplar, when he heard a dis-
turbance. He went to the spot, where he found a crowd
of persons. Tho prisoner was among them. He suc-
ceeded in dispersing the greater portion of it. One of the
crowd refused to go, when the prisoner came up and struck
him a severe blow in the face, and observed that he would
not, calling him, at the same time, a vile name. Some blood
flowed from the wound. The prisoner ran into a house,
followed I y the complainant. The constable got to
the door, when his leg was jammed in the door-way, where
he was held fast.

Policeman 291 K corroborated the evidence, and stated
that he saw blood upon the face of his brother officer.
A female friend of the prisoner stated that she complained
to the constable of the annoyance caused by the boys—a
lot of whom wero called " Gadmouth boys"—who had
broken many of their windows. The constable told them
if they had any complaint to make that he had better sum-
mon the boys. lie told her that if she did not go away he
would take her into custody. She told him that she was
near her own house. The constable then left her. She
went to the station-house, but she was refused to be ad-
mitted.

The prisonor was sent to the House of Correction for a
month.

New Cattle Route from Thames Haven, by
Rail, to Islington.

Most people are so absorbed by their pursuits that they
have but a hazy knowledge of other callings than their
own. There are millions of consumers, and many thou-
sands of producers of meat in these islande who know
little of the London cattle-markets, and nothing at all of
the importation of foreign animals. If an ordinary Eng-
lishman occasionally allows his thoughts to range from
the inanimate beef, mutton, veal, or pork before him to
the living creatures of which these meats are made, an
involuntary recollection of shorthorn, Ayrshire, Devon,
West Highland, and Scotch polled cattle ; of Leicester,
South Down, Shropshire, Cheviot, blackfaced, and Welsh
sheep; and of obese Berkshire and gaunt Irish pigs
flits across his mind. Nevertheless, the importation of
hundreds of thousands of sheep and cattle of none of these
breeds, from the continent to various British ports, con-
stitutes a largo and growing trade. To this public atten-
tion has been keenly directed for some weeks in conse-
quence of the prevalence of the cattle plague in London and
elsewhere. The whole subject is being thoroughly investi-
gated, and, no doubt, the present epizootic will be even-
tually productive of benefit to the British meat consumers.
The origin of this disease is ascribed to three sources.
Some , attribute it to the use of grains and market
refuse in dirty, ill-ventilated London cow-sheds; some,
again, have taken pains to prove that it has been
directly imported from long-infected districts on the
continent ; while others believe that it is generated
among foreign cattle during their transmission to
this country. It is said that, even if put on
boardfrom in
overcrowding sound
suffer greatly r
want et ly
of
fn
food, the voyage
water,
tetresool bi-
-
ject will remember that, at the meeting
and ventilation, and also from being driven some eight or
ninetan
mfreormketth.e
of foreign cattle
i
s] ! placehos Those fwdheo areb arc
interested a tin to
the
i n h Mop
importers lately held in Newgate-street, t was stated that,
if the cattle could be landed lower down the river, and
brought direct from thence by rail to the market, a large
amount of loss to owners, suffering to the cattle, and
inconvenience to the public would be obviated. Having
been informed last week that Messrs. Phillips, Graves,
Phillips and Co., who are the agents for the North
German Lloyd's screw steamers, and also for the Nether-
lands Steamboat Company, had for some time adopted
this plan, we have made a personal inspection of its
working, the result of which we proceed to state. The sheep
and cattle from Bremen and Rotterdam are landed at
Thames-haven, about 10 miles below Giavesend. Here they
are turned into several acres of good pasturage, to await the
arrival of the train that is to convey them direct to the
town in less than an hour, without privation or fatigue.
The Tilbury and Southend Railway Company conveys them
to Stratford, where there is an engine of the North London
Railway Company waiting to bring them on the rest of the
way. This system appears to possess many advantages for
the shipowners, the shippers, and the cattle. The other day
a cattle-laden ship arrived at Thames-haven at a quarter past
12 o'clock p.m., and left in ballast for Bremen at 4 p.m.,
during which time the cattle were disembarked and turned
into the fields. With an ebb tide it would have taken this
vessel a longer time to reach Blackwall, and then she would
have delihred her cattle in a much worse condition than
that in which they arrived by rail. The North German
Lloyds' have five ships of from 600 to 850 tons and the
Netherlands two—one of 300, the other 600, tons burden— ,

engaged in this trade. The full-grown cattle are generally
placed between decks, where they have about 96 cubic feet
of space each. The sheep, calves, and pigs (of which last
there are not many), are put on the upper deck. It is ne-
cessary to crowd these pretty close together, in order that
they may not be swayed about by the motion of tho ship.
All these animals are inspected previous to shipment by
foreign veterinary surgeons, whose reports are indorsed by
the British Consul, and also on their arrival by profes-
sional inspectors of our own Government. Last year this
firm brought over 30,000 head of cattle, none of which suf-
fered in any way, except from the effects of bad weather.
This, however, is unavoidable. It has actually happened,
when they used to land their cattle at Blackwall, that
they have had to go down the river and out to sea
again, to throw overboard the cattle that had been
killed during a rough passage, and on two. occasions they
have been forced to throw overboard 100 live cattle out at
sea. The passage from Bremen, whence the best conti-
nentel cattle come, is about 36 hours. The trucks on the
railway are now kept constantly limewashed. But those
might be much improved in construction, and the sheep
and cattle might be much more gently and patiently dealt
with while being forced into them. These cattle are mostly
black and white, though there are some red ones among
them. They have not the level backs and deep square
bodies of our best breeds, but many of them have well-
bred looking heads and horns, mild countenances, good
skins, and fine bone. In a few generations a skilful breeder
could produce a first-class herd from such originals. They
"open" well, and make good meat. The sheep we SitlP
being put into the trucks bore some resemblance to Che-
viots in head, shape, and appearance, and many of them
were very fat. It is scarcely possible to make this inspec-
tion without being convinced that the importation of
foreign sheep and cattle is a boon to this country, and that
the mode of conveyance we have described is worthy of
general adoption.

THE CHOLERA IN TURKEY

(From the Times' Correspondent)
CONSTANTINOPLE, Aug. 11.

There is no longer any doubt as to the nature
of the epidemic which is ravaging this metropolis
and its neighbouring villages. Cholera in its worst
form is now raging, carrying off daily (scarcely with
any warning) its hundreds of victims, and such is
the panic among the residents that it is fearful to
contemplate the consequences if it continues much
longer. Business of all kinds is almost entirely
suspended ; hundreds are flying in all directions ;
and it is estimated that as many as 150,000 per-
sons have left Constantinople, principally hamals
(porters) and domestic servants. It is chiefly
among the poorer classes that this dreadful scourge
has (up to the present time) committed such havoc.
In the crowded and filthy habitations of the Jews,
among the Galata porters, and now in the crowded
quarters of Stamboul they are dying faster than they
can bury them. Nor have the (hitherto considered
salubrious) villages of the Bosphorus escaped, one
after another they are swept by the pestiferous
malady. Therapia, the summer residence of the
elite of our society, has been particularly afflicted,
and it is now quite deserted ; many who had fled
there for safety have rushed to other places, to be '
again driven forth, as one after another the diffe-
rent villages become infected. In fact, such a
cowardly panic exists, that were it not so serious in
its consequences it would be ludicrous. At Thera-
pia the dead and dying were left by their affrighted
friends, who fled as soon as the poor creatures
were attacked, and the noble courage displayed
by some of the gentlemen of the English Embass3r
who, amid the panic, searched out and at-
tended the dying and the dead, is beyond all
praise, ministering with their own hands to
the wants of the dying ones, and searching out
those left unburied ; as many as 50 bodies were
found thus deserted. In some cases the doctors
have refused to visit the patients afflicted with
cholera, but I must give the rest credit for the
noble devotion they have displayed in this trying
emergency. Many have succumbed to the disease
and the fatigue entailed upon them. To the Go-
vernment also great praise is due for the strenuous
efforts it is making to arrest the malady and assist
the afflicted ; in some cases nobly supported by
public charity—the Freemasons especially having at
their own expense established ambulances, hospi-
tals, and free dispensaries ; but with all these efforts
many districts are entirely without medical assist-
ance of any sort. In the crowded haunts of Scutari
they are dying in hundreds, entirely uncaredfor, with
no medicines and no doctors to help them. Among
our small English community we have to deplore
the loss of many a well-remembered face, which is
not surprising; considering the place most of the
engineers inhabit (a dirty village near the Arsenal
and Cassim Pasha), in which place the disease first
declared itself.

All the Government works are suspended and
disorganised. The arsenal, Tophana, &c., are quite
deserted. The public offices are also almost en-
tirely closed, the Custom-house being only open
two hours a day. In fact, such is the scarcity of
labour caused by the desertion of the hamals (por-
ters) that ships have great difficulty in unloading
and taking in cargoes. The once busy streets
of Galata are quite deserted, shops and offices
closed, and business of all kinds quite suspended.
I have no doubt the epidemic has been much
aggravated by the abject fear of the inhabitants,
combined with the too free use of ardent spirits (of
the worst description), which may indulge in at the
present time, and the unusual heat which now pre-
vails. At Smyrna the malady still continues its ra-
vages, and, if possible, the disorganisation of that
place is worse than Constantinople. At Beyrout,
also, and most of the towns in the Levant, the dis-
case is committing fearful ravages ; in fact, to such
an extent, that the whole of the empire is per-
fectly demoralised. In Wallachia and Moldavia
the panic is spreading ; although by the last
accounts the disease had not declared itself,
the inhabitants were all ready for a bolt on its
first appearance. At Soulina a few cases
have occurred, entirely shutting up all busi-
nesses; ships are detained waiting for their
cargoes, while the lighters refuse to bring
down the river. With all this excitement you will
readily understand that very little attention is de-
voted to politics or speculations. The noisy Bourse,
with its crowds of eager gamesters, is quite deserted ;
even the conversion scheme is postponed sine die.
lam happy to say there has been a diminution in
the number of deaths the last two days, and it is.
hoped we have seen the worst of this terrible afflic-
tion. •
Accounts from Ancona, in the Opinione of Flo-
rence 'state that from the 15th to the 16th at noon
there were 44 new cases and 28 deaths throughout
the territory. The total number of cases up to that
date amounted to 1,799, and the total number of
deaths to 243—being little more than one-half. It
must be kept in mind that in all the accounts
hitherto published, the whole territory and not the
town alone, was meant. A correspondent states
the curious fact that on the 9th a short but violent
storm broke over Ancona, and that immediately
afterwards a great improvement in the public health
became perceptible. Not only did the number of
cases diminish considerably, but the state of languor
and prostration in which the patients lay ceased in
most instances. We beg here to remark that this is
a most important fact, since it goes far to prove the
correctness:of the supposition, already confirmed by
other observations, that the virulence of cholera is
peculiarly owing to the absence of ozone in the at-
mosphere. Now, ozone being electrified oxygen, is
amply supplied during storms; henee the diminution
of cholera at Ancona is probably owing to the sudden
supply of that substance produced by the electric fluid
evolved during the storm. We think it would not be
amiss to test the correctness of this theory by arti-
ficially electrifying the atmosphere of sick wards
during cholera ; and as great anxiety is naturally
felt just now about the progress of this terrible
epidemic, we would remind our readers of a series
of important experiments instituted in Russia a few
years since on a whole regiment of soldiers, by Dr.
Fozmaneki, showing that a tendency to cholera is I
always preceded by a lowering of the pulse, even
down to 40. Hence a careful observation of the
state of the pulse during the epidemic may be use-
ful in averting an attack by a judicious recourse to
tonics and a nourishing diet.

SIC SEMPER TrnANNIS•—The motto on the Vir-
ginia coat of arms has been changed. " Sic Semper
Tyrannis" has been expunged, and the words "Liberty
and Union" now appear above the Goddess of Liberty
trampling upon the prostrate form of Tyranny. A change
emphatically for the better. The appropriation of the
words of the old motto by the assassin Booth has made
them odious to American ears.—Evening Journal.

The Attorney-General on the Late Elections.

,
At the annual dinner of the Craven Agricultural
Society, held at Skpton on Friday,
Sir R. PALMER replied to the toast of " The House
of Commons." The hon. and learned gentleman,
who was enthusiastically welcomed, said he could not
boast of being a thorough-bred Yorkshireman ; but
by what was generally considered the best side—his
mother's side—be was not only a Yorkshiremau,
but was entitled to claim the right of citizenship in
this very neighbourhood. (Cheers.) He could assure
them that he never came amongst their beautiful hills
and valleys without feeling proud, indeed, of that
connexion. He was proud to return thanks for the
members of the Yorkshire boroughs. It was a body
to which no man could belong without feeling in-
cited and stimulated more and more to do his best
to serve his country. At least one of these members
occupied a more important position than his in the
labour of the Government. Sir Charles Wood—
(applause)—was entitled more than most people
seemed to be aware of to the respect and gratitude
of the country. It was he who restored to us our
Indian empire, or at all events restored it to that
state of good government without which our empire
could not be secure—(cheers)—and he was one of
the Yorkshire borough members. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. Childers—(applause)—one of the most rising
men in the House of Commons, was also a Yorkshire
borough member. He had rendered most valuable
Services to the Government in one position, and he
was about to render equally valuable services in a
still more eminent position. (Cheers.) And to rise a
little beyond the mere extent of Yorkshire, he could
not fail to recollect that a brother of his noble friend
near him (Lord Frederick Cavendish) who was at
least a Yorkshireman if he did not represent a York-
shire borough, had already rendered most distin-
guished service to the public—he referred to the Mar-
quis of Hartington. (Cheers.) He (Sir R. Palmer)
was told that politics were excluded on such occa-
sions as the present ; but how was it possible to talk
of the House of Commons without mentioning poli-
tics. (Hear, hear, and laughter.) The difficulty was
a little increased, seeing that this was a new House
of Commons. It had done nothing yet, but he
hoped and believed it would do a great deal before
it had run its time out. (Hear, hear.) It appeared
to him to be well qualified for renderinggreat service
to the country. (Hear, hear.) To describe what
might be done by the new Hoase of Commons would
be trenching upon forbidden ground, but he might
remark that there was much to encourage them to
hope great things from the present House of Com-
mons. A most wonderful unanimity seemed to pre-
vail as to the result of the elections. There were two
parties—the Government, or the Liberals ; and the
Opposition, or the Tories. The Government party,
by having recourse to a simple system of arithmetic,
had found that the elections had given them a clear
working majority of 70 or 80. Of course every one
expected to find great mortification on the other side
at this result. By no means. (Laughter.) The
eminent leader of the Opposition, Mr. Disraeli, was
quite as well satisfied as the Government. (Laughter.)
The election had turned out exactly as he also wished
and desired—(laughter)—precisely as he expected ;
and so far from disproving the great -Conservative
reaction, he contended that it actually demonstrated
the truth of it. (Renewed laughter and applause.)
He was veryglad to receive from such high authority
additional proof that the present Government had
discharged their duty with so much more credit than
the Conservatives liked always to admit. (Hear.)
lie was happy to think not only that those who
called themselves by the same party name as that
which distinguished the Government, but those who
ranked themselves under the banners of Mr. Disraeli,
were ready to admit that the present Government
was an able and successful one, and he felt sure that
in the next House of Commons the Government,
having a great majority, would continue to-admi-
nister the reins of power with a view to the general
interests of the country, and to the union of all
classes and interests in the cause of progress, poli-
tical and social, without which it was certainly im-
possible for any party whatever to govern.
(Cheers.) He did not pretend to understand every-
thing. He had been bred to the law ; and he had
been obliged to serve an apprenticeship to Par-
liament. He confessed he did not understand
agriculture, but he understood, he hoped, 'the im-
portance of agriculture in connection with the other
interests of the country to the general good. He
hoped they would not expect much from legislation
on agriculture. Parliament would do all that was
possible to remove the fetters out of the way of agri-
culture ; but it defended chiefly upon themselves to
work out the improvements that were required.
(Hear, hear.) Reference had been made to a most
important subject, which, he would assure them,
was, even before it was spoken of so much in the
country, occupying the most anxious consideration
of the Government —he meant the progress of the
disease which had lately appeared amongst cattle.
Re would not enter into the question, but he wished
to mention that the Government had good reason
to know that there was very little ground indeed
for supposing that the disease originated with cattle
imported from abroad. It would be a great public
calamity if persons took any prejudice against the
importation of cattle from abroad at a time when,
from the rise in the price of meat at home,. that im-
portation was most valuable. (Hear, hear.) He
believed there had been slight ground of reason for
imagining that the disease had been conveyed to
this country from abroad ; but the fact of its
existence might in the end prove of great benefit
to agriculture. What was it that led tote heiil
creased attention to public health, and to th
pru-
dent legislation that took place onthaotrsaurbbletrcatTy
legislation not imposed in a compulsory
manner, but left to the people to adopt as they
choose 9 It was the appearance of cholera amongst
us. These evils, terrible and calamitous as they
were at the time, if turned to good account, often
were the means of producing permanent good, and
so it might be in regard to this. There was very much
to be learned and very much to be done all over
England in endeavouring to ascertain the laws
that govern the subject, and in introducing those
improvements in the system of dealing in cattle that
were necessary to enable the farmers to avoid such
calamities in the future, or at all events to mitigate
them as much as possible when they occurred. (I lear.)
They might be sure that from Government and from
Parliament they would obtain every assistance in
order to enable them to grapple with the subject.
(Loud cheers.)