The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-09 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 9, 1865.

have further evidence before we can believe that
the Government at Washington contemplates any-
thing so rash and foolish as a rupture with this
country, even although to humour the fanatics it
may in a little bravado.
Another Confederate general has been elevated
to the State Governorship, General, now Mr.,WADE
HAMPTON having been by a large majority elected
Governor of South Carolina. This is in many
respects an advantage, since it serves to reconcile
the people to the restoration of the Union, while it
secures a degree of independence to the State, and
shows that the PRESIDENT has no desire that the
local government should be merely a form repre-
sented by creatures of his own. The trial of
JEFFERSON DAVIS is said to have been decided upon
for the crime of treason, though whether it is to
take place in Washington or Richmond is not yet
fixed. From what Mr. JOHNSON said to the Caro-
lina deputation it is not impossible that such a
course may have been decided upon, preliminary
to the granting of a free pardon. The trial of
the unfortunate Captain Wißz is at last
over, and sentence of death was expected,
though not actually passed, when the mail
left. If the revelations of the Northern
prisons could be given to the world, what would be
the result? We may, for one thing, remember
that it was by no means uncommon for half-a-dozen
Southern prisoners to be shot in retaliation on the
enemy for the death or capture of any man. But
" success is virtue and misfortune blame," all the
world over, and the United States do not certainly
offer an exception to the rule.

In these days of change and vicissitude, when
new projects and institutions are constantly push-
ing the old out of notice, an association which
can celebrate its seventh anniversary possesses
some claims to respect. The festive occasion was
observed with due honour at the Guildhall, Cam-
bridge, on Tuesday evening, when the prizes won
by the successful competitors in the Cambridge-
shire School of Arts were distributed by the
Countess of HARDWICKE. The noble Earl and
Mr. POWELL, M.P., delivered two very interest-
ing addresses on the occasion, Lord HARDWICKE'S
being chiefly upon the advantages offered to
the young art student by the establish-
ment of such schools, while Mr. POWELL'S
was an artistic oration, taking for its subject,
" Truth as the Foundation of Art." Lord lIARD-
WICKE remarked, in considering the character and
advantages of these schools, that everything which
tended to refine the mind and to civilise the people
must be highly valuable, and that these institutions
had an especial tendency to do so by cultivating a
taste for art in the young. They were indirectly
friends to good government and social order also,
by giving young men a pleasant and profitable re-
source for those idle hours which, as the old mo-
ralist so quaintly tells us, are so likely to be
turned to bad and mischievous uses. But these
schools of art have, as Lord HARDWICKE
reminded his hearers, another and more practical
purpose. There is undoubtedly plenty of artistic
talent of the lower orders among our industrious
classes, but our art-manufacture, though rapidly
improving, is not yet all that it might be. The In-
dustrial Exhibitions, which have lately become so
general, have given ample evidence that the eye for
form and the taste for colour exist largely among
our mechanics ; yet in many departments of art-
manufacture there is a demand for labour which is
not supplied. Lord HARDWICKE instanced the
colouring of china, which he said was a beautiful
study and well remunerated, but labourers in that
field were wanting, though there must undoubtedly
be somewhere the requisite talent and application.
Tainting on the flat wag another profitable branch
of art, of course much higher in its character, which
was much neglected in this country, though, we
hope, when these art schools have been a few years
longer in existence all these wants will be gradu-
ally supplied. An artist is not made in a day,
whatever his natural talent or industry, and how-
ever encouraging his progress ; and, until within a
recent period, art education for the lower ranks was
entirely neglected in this country. There is no fear
of a retrograde movement now, for gradually, as the
taste of the people becomes more cultivated,
there will be an increasing demand for
artistic manufacture for articles of graceful form
and beautiful colour, even though the material may
be cheap and common. Mr. POWELL'S address was
eloquent and learned, giving useful and interesting
advice to the young aspirants of the schools, and
bidding them to endeavour, above all other objects,
to make truth their first aim and constant study.

VALUE OF LAND IN THE CITY.—The site, in
Gracechurch-street, of the old Spread Eagle Tavern,
which building was pulled down recently, was sold by
auction yesterday. The sale, which was conducted by
Messrs. Fox and Bousfield, created an unusual excitement
at Garraway's. So many persons appeared to bid that an
adjournment to the greater accommodation of the London
Tavern was necessary. There the plot was sold. It con-
tained in all 12,600 feet, 5,600 of which was leasehold for
a long term, and the rest freehold. The first bid was
£50,000, and the final one £95,000.
THE CASTLE OF HURSTMONCEAUX.—The ancient
house fell by marriage into the possession of Sir
John do Fiennes, a scion of a Boulonais family deriving its
name from a little village in that district. It was the grand-
son of this Sir John who built the Castle of Hurstmonceaux,
and whose son married Joan, heiress of Lord Dacre, and
was in her right declared Baron Dacre, and styled D acre of
the South, to distinguish the family from another branch
settled near Gilleland, in Cumberland, the " Hot Lord
Deere, with many a spear," written of by Sir Walter Scott
in the " Lay of the Last Minstrel." It was an unfortunate
descendant of hers who, charged with poaching in Sir John
Pelham's Park, was beheaded at St. Waterings, a place of
execution for the counties of Surrey and Sussex, and so
called because of the brook being dedicated to Thomas h
Becket ; Chaucer states it to be the spot where pilgrims on
their way to Canterbury paused to water their horses. The
young Lord Dacre, whose execution may be more properly
called a political murder, was succeeded by his brother, and
he again by Thomas, Lord Dacre, created Earl of Surrey,
who spent a princely fortune in ornamenting the castle ;
but as he died without direct heirs, the property was sold
and purchased by George (sometimes called Chancellor)
Naylor, to whom succeeded Francis, son of the famous
Bishop Hare, of whom Pope speaks in his poems more than
once.—Once a-Week.

IMPORTANT SALMON FISHERY C ONVICTI 0 N.—At
Worcester Petty Sessions yesterday, before the Rev.
J. Pearson, Mr. Padmore, M.P., Mr. J. G. Watkins, Mr.
T. R. Hill, and General Colville, Herbert Webb, was
charged with using a certain fixed engine for catching
salmon in the River Severn, near Worcester, on the 27th
ult. The prosecution was instituted at the instance of the
United Association for the Protection of the Fisheries of the
Severn and its Tributaries, and the case was an unusual
one and one of some importance. It appeared that since
the erection of the navigation weirs on the river Severn it
had become a practice with the fishermen to place putchoons
or wheels—a wicker contrivance—for taking lamperns on
the weirs at the angles where the salmon commonly pass
up. In this way it is believed that salmon have been fre-
quently taken. On the 27th of October the defendant
placed two such wheels on the south-east corner of Diglis
weir, near Worcester, which were fixed to a pole fastened
to the bank of the river. Three hours afterwards Mr.
Bradley, the head lock-keeper at Diglis, observed that a
dead b jammed
it a
he theexercise wheel
salmonbe was caught in the wheel. It was found to have
heel
of
fhgrat
eiattcofourledeo. nllLbewthakeeelns
out when e son d
e
had been latterly made much larger than was necessary
for taking lamperns, so that salmon could be caught in
them. The facts having been proved, and the secretary
of the association having proved that the diameter of the
first " inshin," as it is called, of the wheel (where the fish
became fixed) was Bin., whereas in the wheels used at
Tewkesbury they were only liin. in diameter, the magis-
trates decided on convicting, but as this was the first case
of the kind brought before them they fined the defendant
in a nominal penalty (is.) and costs. At the same time
they expressed their opinion that the placing of these
wheels on the weirs was illegal, and that for the future
they should deem them so, whether they were proved to
kayo taken salmon or not.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S EXPRESS.)

ITALY.

FLORENCE, Nov. 9.

The King, accompanied by General La Marmora,
leaves to-day for Naples, where the cholera is upon
the increase. His Majesty is expected to return on
the 14th instant.

It is believed that the opening of the Chamber
will be adjourned until the 18th, on account of his
Majesty's journey.

FRANCE.
PARIS, Nov. 8.

The Moniteur du Soir of this evening says :
" The majority of the Powers to whom the proposal
of the Emperor's Government for the meeting of a
sanitary conference was addressed have given their
assent. Public opinion has understood the oppor-
tuneness of this measure, and the eagerness with
which the idea has been taken up augurs favour-
ably for the result of the studies and deliberations
which will take place at Constantinople."
General Langiewicz arrived two days back in
Paris from Switzerland, and was received at the
railway station by Prince Sapieha and other Polish
refugees. He proceeds to London.
The Superior Council of Commerce, charged with
the inquiry into banking operations, yesterday
heard M. Emile Pereire, member of the Legislative
Body.
The Patric says :—" Notwithstanding the in-
creased expense of living, the pay of the lower
grades of officers in the French army (as captains,
lieutenants, and sub-lieutenants) still remains the
same as for a long time past. It is said that econo-
mical arrangements are now under consideration for
solving this important question, without adding
materially to the war Budget. The officers will
receive only half of the proposed advance in 1866
and 1867 ; but they will have the whole in the
following year."
A German named Elb Levy, the largest man in
Paris, has:just died at the age of 52. At the moment
of his death he weighed 240 kilos. (37 stone 121bs.
English), although he had been previously some-
what reduced by illness. His size was such that he
was able only with difficulty to pass through an
ordinary door, and could he have got into an om-
nibus he would have occupied the room of three
persons. For many years he had been engaged in
Brussels and Paris as correspondent for German
journals, but two years back abandoned that pro-
fession and became a dealer in postage stamps for
collections.

An accident, which might have had disastrous
consequences, occurred two days ago to the Count
d'Aquila. In driving a two-horse carriage along
the Champs-Elysees he perceived that a woman
crossing the road in a hurried manner was in the
most imminent danger of being knocked down by
his horses, and, to avoid that catastrophe, he turned
them aside so suddenly that the carriage wheel came
into collision with the stone edge of one of the par-
terres of the Rond-Point and was overturned.
Fortunately, however, all the damage amounted to
a slight injury to his right leg, and the carriage
being broke.

A young man, aged 27, of good family, named
Danto, was tried yesterday at the Court of Assizes
of the Seine for forging a bill for 27,000 francs
on MM. Langlois freres, general carriers, of Paris.
The draft purported to be drawn by Count
de Castellinard, Consul-General for the kingdom
of Italy at Marseilles, in favour of Panto, and bore
the acceptation of MM. Langlois, but on being pre-
sented to the latter for payment the signatures were
found to be false. Danto, who held a situation in a
railway company, and had previously had relations
with MM. Langlois, on being applied to, acknow-
ledged that in a moment of pecuniary embarrass-
ment he had forged the bill. This was not, how-
ever, the only charge hanging over the prisoner.
He had obtained a sum of 5,120 f. from the Mar-
quis de Soli as an advance on a commercial specu-
latiou in which the latter was to have shared the
profits. It appears that MM. Langlois had been
charged by a firm in Italy with the sale of 300,000
railway sleepers. Danto having learned that fact,
pretended that he had purchased the property from
those gentlemen, and had sold it at a considerable
increase of price to a M. de Montigny, producing
at the same time a written agreement of sale, on the
faith of which M. de Soli advanced the money.
This document was, however, a forgery, and the
sleepers had never been sold to Danto by MM.
Langlois. The above facts being proved, the pri-
soner was condemned to ten years' imprisonment.

The perpetrator of a murder committed in the
night of the Bth ult. in the Boulevard St. Germain
has just been discovered. The day before yesterday
two police agents, passing through the Place Maubert,
overheard part of an animated conversation between
two young chimney-sweeps, from which it appeared
that one of them knew of a murder that had been
perpetrated, but was afraid to reveal it through
fear of one Upon this, the officers took
them both into custody ; and on examination by
the commissary, the younger confessed that, at the
time of the murder, he was occupying the same bed
with B- in a lodging-house of the Rue du 3/lurier
St. Victor ; that, on the night in question, the other
came in drunk at a late hour with a bloody knife
in his hand, and said that he had just killed a man.
In consequence of this avowal, measures were taken
to secure the person of who was found
plying the trade of a seller of rabbit-skins in the
Reu de la Montagne St. Genevieve. The very
knife with which the deed was done was discovered
in a cellar of the same street.

The Illoniteur publishes an Imperial decree, issued
at the instance of the Minister of Justice, promot-
ing M. Martini, deputy juge-de-paix of the west
canton of Toulon, to the rank of Commander
in the Legion of Honour, as an acknowledg-
ment of his devotedness during the late pre-
valence of cholera in that town. At the first
outbreak of the epidemic, the juge-de-paix of the
west canton and one of his deputies gave in their
resignation, and their duties consequently fell on
M. Martini, who, notwithstanding his 88 years, ful-
filled them with unflagging zeal and assiduity. His
services were required for a considerable time, as the
new juge-de-paix was carried off by the epidemic
soon after he entered on his functions. M. Martini's
long life has been throughout devoted to the service
of his fellow-citizens. His self-devotedness during
the epidemic in 1835 was acknowledged by the
award of a gold medal, and he was successively
Knight and Officer of the Legion of Honour.
The working masons of Paris have just founded
a company of limited liability, with a capital of
100,000 fr., and with the title " Enterprise generale
de travaux de macconnerie et de travaux publics."
The architects and civil engineers of the capital have
already offered important commissions to these labo-
rious workmen, whose experiment, the wish is, to
encourage.
The bulletin of the Paris Observatory gives the
following as the atmospheric situation yesterday :
" The distribution of the pressures in Europe is the
same as on Monday. The barometer continues high
in the quarters to the north of Europe, and the
winds blow from between N. and E. They are
moderate almost everywhere, but have assumed a
certain force, temporary only, in the Channel. The
sea, calm almost everywhere else, is very high at
Cherbourg, and rough at Havre and on the coasts
of Provence. The sky is generally misty or over-
cast, and rain is falling at Boulogne, Havre, Cher-
bourg, Bayonne, Toulon, and on the coasts of
Scotland and Ireland." In Paris yesterday the
weather was very gloomy all day, and rain fell for
some time in the evening. As early as noon the
lamps were lit in most of the cafes and many of the
large shops and offices. The thermometer at three
in the afternoon marked 7i Centigrade (45 Fahren-
heit).
It appears from the following incident, related
by the Temps, that the medical schools of France
decidedly object to admit females to study medicine.
Some months since, a young lady, named Rengguer,
a native of Algiers, obtained the diploma of bachelor
of letters after passing a brilliant examination.

Wishing to utilise her talents and acquirements, Mlle.
Rengguer applied to the Dean of the Faculty of
Medicine at Montpellier for permission to follow the
course of medical instruction in that university, but
met with a refusal on the ground of her sex. The
lady appealed from that decision to the Minister of
Public Instruction, who received her demand
favourably, but proposed the following compro-
mise :—That as Mlle. Rengguer could speak the
Arab langlage, she should be exceptionally autho-
rised to study for the diploma of doctor in medicine,
but on condition that she should engage to practise
only in Algeria, where the Arab women have a
great repugnance to the attendance of male phy-
sicians. The lady declined to make the engage-
ment, and persists in her claim as a free citizen. So
the affair stands for the present.
At a meeting of English physicians in Paris, Dr.
John Chapman, of London, lately gave an exposi-
tion of his discovery of a new method of treating
disease by controlling the circulation of the blood in
different parts of the body, through the agency of
the nervous system, by ice. His auditors promised
to give the method a trial.
Bounsu, Nov. B.—Two o'Clock.—Rentes continue
buoyant, while other Securities are held with com-
parative indifference. The advance on Three per
Cents. is 10c. for the Account, the quotation being
68f. 35c. Credit Mobiliers have advanced to
868 f. 15c., a rise of lf. 25c. Spanish Mobilier have
the same advance. Three o'Clock.—The market
closed at the following improved quotations :

ti per Cents 96 75 Ditto Threes —
Do. end month — Roman _74
3 per Cents. 6B 40 Mexican Loan 49 50
Do. and month 6B 35 Do. Bonds 325

Credit Mobilier ... 877 50 Russian - -
Do. end month ... 873 75 Austrian -
Bank Shares 3700 Spanish Threes ... 43 -
Credit Foncier 1325 Rome Debt -
Italian Loan 64 70 Deferred -
Do. end month 6-1 85

'ATO.

Cash. Amt.
• ... 818 75
▪ ... 1097 50
. 816 25
... 562 50
- ... 532 50
... 515 -
... 212 50
408 75
402 10
187 25
242 50

Orleans
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian.
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona
Roman

.:. 151 75

The Breadalbane Succession.

An important matter is now being argued in the
Edinburgh Court of Session ; the subject at issue is
the title and estates of Breadalbnne. There are two
claimants. The one, Mr. John Alexander Gavin
Campbell of Glenfalloch ; the other, Lieutenant
Charles William Campbell of Boreland, formerly
in the 19th, now in the 2d, Regiment of Bengal
Cavalry. On the death of the late marquis the
succession opened to the heirs male of the body
of the deceased William Campbell of Glen-
falloch. The claimant, Mr. Campbell of Glen-
falloch, claims as being descended from James
Campbell, second son of William Campbell, of Glen-
falloch. The claimant, Lieutenant Campbell of
Boreland, claims as being descended from John
Campbell, sixth sDn of William Campbell of Glen-
falloch. The failure of the eldest son of William
Campbell and the heirs male of his body is un-
doubted, and it is not disputed that if Glenfalloch
is the legitimate descendant of James Campbell, the
second son, his alleged grandfather, he is entitled to
be served heir of entail to the exclusion of Boreland,
a more remote substitute. On the other hand, it is
not disputed that if the claim of Glenfalloch to be
legitimately descended from James Campbell, the
second son, is not well founded, the five eldest sons
of William Campbell of Glenfalloch and the heirs
male of their body have all failed ; and it is not dis-
puted that Boreland is the eldest heir male of the
body of John Campbell, the sixth son, his grand-
father, and is in that event the heir entitled to be
served. The ground on which Boreland maintained
that he, though descended from William Campbell's
sixth son, has a preferable right to Glenfalloch, who
is descended from the second son, is that Glenfal-
loch's grandmother was never married to his grand-
father, or, at all events, that if he was ever married
to her, it was after the birth of Glenfalloch's father,
William John Lamb Campbell, in England, when
the parents were domiciled there, and that conse-
quently the subsequent marriage could not have the
effect of legitimising him. The competition thus
depends entirely upon questions as to the legitimacy
of W. J. Lamb Campbell, Glenfalloch's father, and
the alleged marriage of his mother to his father.

The case is in the form of competing petitions for
service advocated from the Sheriff in Chancery.
The petitions have been conjoined, a record made
up and closed, and a voluminous proof led by both
parties. In July last the Lord Ordinary (Barcaple),
after hearing parties, found it proved that J. A. G.
Campbell of Glenfalloch is nearest and lawful heir
of tailzie and provision in special of the late Marquis
of Breadalbane, and dismissed the petition for Lieut.
Campbell of Boreland.

Against this judgment the latter has reclaimed,
and the hearing began accordingly. The debate
was opened on behalf of the reclaimer by Mr.
Fraser,whose speech occupied the whole day, and in
the course of which he went over the documents
recovered and evidence led in the course of the
proof, for the purpose of showing that these esta-
blished that there was no valid marriage between
Eliza Maria Blanchard and James Campbell, the
grandfather and grandmother of Glenfalloch, and
that his father was therefore illegitimate. The re-
claimer's case, stated shortly, comes to this—that
an ineffectual ceremony of marriage was gone
through by the parties at Edinburgh in September,
1781, when Eliza Maria Blanchard was the lawful
wife of Christopher Ludlow, of Chipping Sodbury,
in Gloucestershire, who survived till 1784—that
Eliza Maria Blanchard eloped with James Campbell,
and that the pretended marriage in Edinburgh was
a mere screen to cover their adulterous intercourse ;
and finally, that there never was any marriage
between them after the death of Ludlow, and that
whatever intercourse they had thereafter was illicit,
and continued on the same footing as before that
event. In support of this view several letters are
strongly founded on by the reclaimer, which have
been recovered from the War-office, written by
Eliza Blanchard in 1807, the year after James
Campbell's death, in which she claims a pension as
his widow, and states that, though the certificate of
their marriage had been lost by them in America, it
took place in 1781. If this should be held to be the
date of the marriage, it could not then be legally
entered into, Ludlow, Sarah Blanchard's first hus-
band, being then alive.
Mr. Fraser, in resuming his argument on a subse-
quent day, contended at great length that the cohabi-
tation of Eliza Blanchard and James Campbell,
the grandfather and grandmother of Mr. Campbell of
Glenfalloch, having at its commencement been adul-
terous, did not raise any presumption of marriage,
as in the ordinary case of cohabitation, and that
its adulterous character at the outset shifted
the onus of proof, laying it on the party alleg-
ing the marriage. He also contended that where
the cohabitation is originally adulterous, however
long it may continue after,both parties are free, and
however universal should be the repute of marriage
the original taint of the connection adheres to it,
depriving it of a legitimate character, and thus ren-
dering it incapable of constituting a marriage by
habit and repute. He maintained, further, that sub-
sequent acknowledgments of marriage passing be-
tween parties who were cohabiting must bo referred
to the original connection, and were therefore of no
effect as constituting a marriage, where the position
of the parties at the commencement of the connec-
tion rendered their marriage at that date impossible.
Applying these principles to the facts of the case, he
contended that, Eliza Blanchard being the wife of
Ludlow when the marriage ceremony was performed,
and she began to cohabitwith James Campbell, their
subsequent cohabitation, actings, and correspondence
were all to be construed relatively to the fact—as
forming an incident to a mere continuation of the
same illicit intercourse, and not as facts implying
the intention of the parties to become married per-
sons and creating a marriage by habit and repute.
On these grounds he contended that the Lord Ordi-
nary's interlocutor should be reversed. The case is
not yet concluded.