The Sun.
London, England, 1862-07-30 00:00:00

JOURNEYMEN BAF,LERS.

Mr. Tremenheere was instructed last year, by the
Home Secretary, to investigate the nature of the
complaints made by the journeymen bakers of the
metropolis concerning the circumstances adverse to
health under which. their labour is carried on, and
to report whether their grievances might be re-
moved or mitigated by legislation ; and he has now
made his report. That there is ground for the com-
plaints is well known. The bread of London is
generally made in what is in most houses the kitchen
and the coalhole ; the temperature ranges from 75
deg. to 90 deg. ; here the journeyman baker has to
work nearly all night, and many hours of day- work
in the shop or abroad. In a large proportion ot
the bakehouses the ventilation is very defective,
and many are in an extremely dirty state. Some
are infested with vermin. The space between the
rafters will often be found almost covered with
masses of cobwebs weighed down with accumula-
tions of flour dust, and frequently falling into the
dough. 'these places are often se close to the drains
that they smell very badly. The bread must during
the process of fermentation get impregnated with
the noxious gates surrounding it. The public
have a right to insist that their bread shall not be
made in such filthy places, and that means be taken
to put a stop to the injury that must be caused to
the health of the men. Night-work in such a tem-
perature is especially unsuitable for young persons,
and Mr. Tremenheere recommends that no youth
under 18 years of age be allowed by law to be em-
ployed in a bakehouse later than 9 p.m. or earlier
than 5 a.m. This would be little more than extend-
ing to them the protection which magistrates would
give them if they were apprenticed and required
to work both in the night and a considerable part
of the day. It is further proposed that the Legis
lature should give the sanitary inspector some
power over the condition of the premises in regard
to ventilation and cleanliness, and that the Act for
preventing the adulteration of articlesQf food should
be made more effectual. The use of alum prevails
very extensively in the lower branches of the trade,
and is highly injurious; and flour is made less
nutritious by an admixture ot barley-meal, rice, and
Indian corn. The prevention of these adulterations
would put an end to the trade of those undersellers
who now live by defrauding the public and by get-
ting 18 hours' work out of their men. These mea-
sures would do much, and it may be much also will
be done by the introduction of machinery. Even
under the most favourable conditions the process of
bread-making is such that no one would wish to
witness it a second time. •' Even on a cold day in
November," says Mr. Tremenheere, •' in a large and
cool bakehouse on the level in an open yard, I saw
the perspiration dropping from the face of the men
into the dough ; what must it be in warm weather
in the small, ciose, hot bakehouses under ground?
There is probably no art which in a civilised coun-
try has remained so long in a primitive state as that
of bread-making. Machinery is now being intro-
duced for mixing the dough without manipulation ;
and in Dr. R.uglish's process for making unfer-
mented bread the whole of the work is done by
machinery, without the hands coming into contact
with the bread at all. The whole process is per-
formed in a quarter of the time at present required ;
there is no flour dust for the men to inhale; the
bread is more nutritious, and the saving by preven-
tion of waste is most enormous. The time may
come when this handicraft may be turned into a
manufacture.

VARIETIES.

(From Fun.)
YANKEE NOTIONS.
NEW WORDS TO AN OLD AIR.
I sing first of the officers,
M'Clellan, never funky,
Who druv' right back the rebel curs
Across the deep Pamunkey :
That is, he would have druv' em back,
And gained both fame and pelf, sirs,
But a little matter stopped him,—he
Was druv' right back himself, sirs I
Bow wow wow!

That's the way that victories are won just now!
And while the foe with fearful hearts,
The river banks they ran on,
He took their standards, baggage-carts,
Shot, powder, shell, and cannon :
That is (and here my song, I own,
__Some explanation begs, sirs)—

He would have ta'en their arms,—if he'd
Not taken to his legs, sirs
Bow wow wow !

That's the way that captures are effected now I

He then swooped swift on Richmond down,
With generalship most glorious;
By fierce assault he took the town,
And so became victorious :
That is, he meant advancing, but
He found himself retreating,
So it would have been a victory,—if
It had not been a beating!
Bow wow wow I
These are the strategic arts in vogue just now!
A DICTIONARY OF MILITARY TERMS.
VERY USEFUL TO THOSE WHO READ THE AMERICAN
ACCOUNTS OF THE WAR.

For Strategic Reasuis.—Becausl you can't help it.
A Masterly Backward Movement.—Running away as
hard as you can.
A Clover Flank Manceuvre.—Allowing the enemy to
outflank you.
Repulsing the Enemy with Loss.—Bolting from them,
and allowing your guns, &c , to fall into their hands.

TRADE REPORT.
Sugar,—A sweet business was transacted in this market
to-day, Nobody was done brown; but, candidly speaking,
sales were effected by 'he lump. There were no loafers
about.

Coffee.—There were no grounds for complaint in this
department, for there seems to have been an advance of Is.
per cwt., and 4,000 bags got the sack; Miller, Grinde, and
Co., being the principal buyers.
Rice.—At the early part of the day a great deal of deri-
sive chaff was blown about among buyers, which rather
went against the grain; towards the close of the market
rice gradually rose and remained firm.
Tallow.—The imports from Greece and Wicklow were
considerable; the demand, however, was quiet, scarcely
realising prices of last, candlemas. The market snuffed out
at 47-9 to 48 on tte spot.

A Hurl roe. THE PUBLIC.—Never give a high price for
a horse that has come from Birmingham, for he is sure to
kave seen hard-ware.

REAL INN-DEPENDENCE.—Living at an hotel as long
as you like, and going away without paying the bill.
LATEST FROM BEER- SPIEBA.—The Morning Advertiser
announces the presentation of a desert service to Sir James
Outram. Has Sir James, then, come home as a deserter lr
or is this a pun from our beery contemporary ? If so, it is
a most Outra-geou4 attempt.
A GOOD INVESTMENT —Lord Derby has nobly subscribed
£l,OOO to the Cotton Districts Relief Fund. "His party"
cannot do better than play out their old game of " follow
my leader."

LATEST TELEGRAM.-The Federals have entered Rich-
mond in force, as General M'Clellan said they should, and
have established their commissariat at—the Star and Garter.
Will the Act of t arliament called "The Unlawful Oaths
(Ireland) Act Continuance Bill," recently passed, throw
any light upon the brutal ou-rages now too common in that
unhappy- country ? We are often made aware of unlawful
oaths being taken in Ireland (and in England too, for that
matter), but never knew before that such things were cf
that paramount importance as to have an act of Parliament
passed for their continuance.

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT IN WESTMINSTER.--"The
Most Noble the Marquis" has given £l,OOO for the relief
of the poor sufferers in the cotton di,tricts I

SALE OF SOMERLEIGHTON. —We understand
that Mr. Frank Crossley, M.P., has purchased from Sir
S. Morton Peto the mansion and estate of Somerleighton,
near Lowestoft, Suff ,Ik. We believe that one of the ob-
jects of Mr. Crossley in making this purchase is to provide,
in• conjunction with his brothers John and Joseph, by a
charge upon the Somerleighton estate, for the endowment
of the Crossley Orphan School and Home, Skircoat Moor,
near Halifax—a splendid institution now in course of erec-
tion at the cost of the three brothers.—Leeds Mercury.

---- --- --- -- --- --________
THE ELECTRIC AND_ INTERNATIONAL TELE-
GRAPH QOMPANY.—At a meeting of the board of directors
of this ci mpauy he d yesterday it was resolved to recom-
mend to the proprietors, at the gen-tal meeting to be held
on the sth of August, to confirm a dividend of £3 10s. per
cent. for the last half-year.
GOLD, SILVER, AND COPPER COINAGE.—it ap-
pears from a parliamentary return just issued that from
0.
1852 to 1861 inclusive, there were
13,43,832 956 oz. of
goid coined at the
Royal Mintof goldinto 52,385,860 sovereigns,
oz.
into
and 1,897,125'98714,773,863 half sovereigns
period these were coined 16,471,352 florins'
In the same
23,937,475 shillings, 20,048,996 iii/tpances, 1,849,574 groats,.
41,640 fourpeuces, 16,420,756 threepences, 59,112,864
penny-pieces,
89,642,78 s
•-- halfpence, and 29,122,516 far"
things. I

LAW-THIS DAY.

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.
(Before Mr. ,'onamissioner Holroyd )
THE PATENT PIPE COMPANY.

An adjourrild motion stood on the paper for to-day for
the purpose of windin2; up the affairs of this company, but
was further adj urned sub silent o, it being understood .hat
an arrangement w• a likely to be effecte 1.