The Sun.
London, England, 1865-09-06 00:00:00

SCIENTIFIC AND ORNAMENTAL PRESENTS.

ORNAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library,
aad Dining-room, eon sistlng of a new and elegant assort-
ment of VASES, Figures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks, Ink-
stands, leautiful inlaid Tables Paper weights, &0., in Italian,
Alabaster, Parian, Marble. Bronze, Derbyshire Spar &o,
Imported and manufactured by JAMES TENNA.NT, line.
ralogist to her illaiesty, 149, Stand, W.C., London.

Mr. Tennant arranges elementary collections of ROCKS.
MINERALS, and FOSSILS, to illustrate the new edition
of Lyell's Elements of Geology; they will greatly neilitate
the interesting study of MINERALOGY and GEOLOGY,
and can be had at 2,6, 10, 20, 60, to 500 guineas each.

PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GROLOGY and MINE-
R &LOGY" is given by Mr.TRNNANT.P.G.S., at 149. Strand.

DR. SCOTT'S LIVER AND BILIOUS
PILLS.—A NEVER FAILING REMEDY.--Pre-
pared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr.
Scott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who
iuffer from bilious and liver nom Taints, indigestion, wind,
spasms, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, &o. For habitual
.ostiveness, as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier
of the blood, they are truly excellent; mild in their opera-
tion and grateful to the stomach, they create appetite, pro-
mote digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system.
Sold by W. Lambert, 8, King William-street, Charing-cross.
London, and by most druggists, in boxes,ls. lid., and three
times the quantity in one, Is. 9d. Be sure to ask for Dr.
Scott's Bilious and Liver Pille. The genuine are a square
green package. with " William Lambert," engraved on the
stamp.

TERRIBLE FATALITY IN A SLATE QUARRY.--All
accident of a very appalling nature, which threw a gloom
over the busy locality of Festinieg, occurred on Friday in
a slate quarry belonging to Mr. M. Lloyd, barrister-at-law.
Four young brothers were working a level mine into the
heart of the rock by means of blasting, when, through some
inexplicable cause, a hole exploded whilst being rammed
home by one of the brothers. Two of the young men, who,
it appears, stood close by heedlessly witnessing the opera-
tion. were instantaneously hurled into eternity, whilst the
operafor mysteriously escaped with severe, but not mortal,
injuries. Fortunately, the young brother had just previ-
ously made his exit from the scene of destruction,

Breech-Loading Firearms.

The expediency of arming our troops with breech
instead of muzzle-loading rifles has, ever since the
success attendant on the use of the breech-loader by
the Prussian soldiers in the late Danish war, occu-
pied the attention of the War Department. They
found it impossible altogether to ignore the results
which were produced in that contest by the Prussian
needle-gun, or the efforts which were being made
by the French and Belgian Governments to secure
for their troops a weapon constructed upon a princi-
ple which had proved so advantageous. A select
committee, consisting not simply of inventors or
scientific men, but of officers who had seen long and
varied service, was accordingly appointedin the early
part of last year to take evidence on the subject of
small arms, and to report on the comparative merits
of breech and muzzle-loading rifles. The members
of that committee were Brigadier-Gen. Lefroy, R.A.,
president ; Capt. L. G. Heath, C. 8., RN., vice-
president ; Col. Hogge, C. 8., R.-A., Col. Young-
husband, R.A., Lieut.-Col. R. S. Baynes;Lieut.-
Col. Gall wey, R.E., Lieut.-Col. Conolly, Coldstream
Guards, and Capt. M,Crea, 45th Regiment, the five
lastmentioned officers forming a sub-committee, of
which Lieut.-Col. Baynes officiated as president, the
secretaries of the committee and sub-committeebeing
Capt. Heyman, R.A., and Capt. Haig, R.A. Haying
taken some evidence, and having brought to bear
upon that evidence the test of their own experience,
the committee ,unaninneusly reported in favour of
the use of breech-loaders as a more efficient weapon
than the service Enfield. Bnt then the War Depart-
ment had in stock for the use of the regular army,
as well as of the Militia and Volunteers, an enor-
mous number of the latter—something like 800,000
stand of arms, so that their replacements by breech-
loaders became, on economical grounds, a matter
for serious consideration. Under those circumstances
the attention of . the department was naturally
directed to ascertaining whether any system oould
be discovered by means of which a sufficiently large
number of Enfield rifles might be temporarily con-
verted into breech-loaders, and the necessity of hasty
and, as a consequence, unsatisfactory action in the
matter be thus obviated. Proceeding upon this
vie*, an invitation was in August last, through the
medium of an advertisement in the public journals,
ssued by the War-office to gunmakers and inven-
tors to send in plans for the conversion of the En-
field rifle into a breech-loader, the only conditions
laid down being that the shooting power of the con-
verted arm should not be inferior to that of the
Enfield, and that the cost of conversion should not
exceed £1 per arm. Fifty different systems were,
in answer to the invitation submitted to the notice
of the committee, and from these eight were chosen
for trial as being, prima facie, the most likely to
secure the object which it was sought to attain. The
plans selected were those of Messrs. Mont-Storm,
Westley Richards, Wilson, Green, Snider, Joslyn,
and two plans distinguished as plan A and plan B
sent in by Mr. E. C. Shephard. Of these the last
and the four first-mentioned are systems in which
the charge is ignited by cap and nipple in the ordi-
nary manner, the other three being adapted for
cartridges provided with their own means of ignition.
As soon as this selection had been made, 48 Enfield
rifles—or six rifles for each system—perfectly new,
chosen by the superintendent of the Royal Small
Arms Factories, and previously tested for soundness
as well as for accuracy at 500yardsrange, were issued
to the seven competitors already named to be con-
verted into breech-loaders in accordance with their
respective plans, and to be returned so converted
within a period of two months, accompanied by
1,000 rounds of such ammunition as each compe-
titor might deem most suitable to his system. The
committee entered upon the first series of experi-
ments— the results of which they detailed in a report
to the War-office, dated February 6--on the 9th of
last January, but owiegrigrtEelTicumstance that it"
was found impossible to load the rifles converted on
Mr. Shephard's plan B, inasmuch as the cartridges
supplied by him invariably broke to pieces, the
powder clogging the breech, the trial of the plan
was abandoned without a single shot having been
fired. Neither were any experiments made with Mr.
Shephard's plan A, because of imperfection in the
arms and the dangerous nature of the cartridges. The
detention in America of the six rifles converted on
Mr. Joslyn's system, and the unavoidable exclusion
of the systems of Mr. Shephard from the trials thus
uexperiments with cartridges containing
catheirse caused the n
means of
ignition, much to the regret of
the committee, to be confined to a single system—
that of Mr. Snider. There remained only this one
breech-loading system and the four already men-
tioned, in which the charge is ignited in the ordinary
manner by cap and nipple, to be put to the test with
the service Enfield. Of the five systems with which
it actually came into competition, the first, Mr. Mont-
Storm's, is described as chamber-loading. In the
case of the Enfield rifle converted by him, 2 inches
containing
nttan
heibianrgretlhaerpeocwudteor and bulletff,andach ub
asmbsetritcuaredablethoef
joint between this chamber and the barrel being
closed by an expanding ring, by which the escape of
gas is effectually prevented. The chamber moves on
a hinge at its front, and is secured in firing position
by a bolt worked by the lock. The system of Mr.
Westley Richards is identical with that of his
breech-loading cavalry carbine, with the exception
that there is a hook at the end of the plunger, which
is intended to withdraw the paper case of the
cartridge and the wad at its base after each dis-
charge. In Mr. Wilson's plan, the breech of the
Enfield rifle being removed, the barrel is prolonged
backwards for several inches, the upper part of the
added piece being open at the top to admit of its re-
ceiving the cartridge, and having attached a plunger
by the sliding in of which the breech is closed. The
system of Mr. Green resembles that of Mr. Wilson
as regards-the closing of the breech, but the plunger
is secured in a different manner ; while, in the case
of Mr.dispenses altogether with the
nippleaSnndidpeerr' whocussion cap, the method of conversion
is very simple. In accordance with his plan two
inches of the upper part of tho Enfield barrel are
cut away at the breech, and a solid breech stopper
working sideways on a hinge is placed in the opening
thus formed. Through this stopper a piston passes,
one end of which when the breech is closed receives
a blow from the hammer, causing the other end to
communicate with the centre of the cartridge and fire
es after each discharge The five
it. There is also an arrangement for withdrawing
styhestoemldsctarthus brieflyridgecas
described were in the first in-
stance tested with the service Enfield for rapidity of
fire with the following result :—The mean time oc-
cupied in firing 20 rounds on the Mont-Storm sys-
tem was 8 min. 1 sec. ; on Westley Richards's, 8
min. 29 sec. ; on Wilson's, 2 rein. 44 sec. ; Green's,
2 min. 26 sec. ; Snider's, 2 min. 46 sec. ; while in
the case of the unaltered Enfield it was 6 min. 52
sec. During the progress of the trial the cartridges
and caps were placed in readiness close to the hand
the guns were fired, so that the
actual service, where the am;
pofrotbhaobsielib h
probability is
iwstohmat
inmunition would have to be taken from a pouch,
the relative rapidity of fire would be still in
favour of the system in which caps would not
be required. As the matter stands, it may very
fairly be assumed that the repeating power of
breech over muzzle-loading arms is as two to one in
systems in which the percussion cap is used, and as
three to one in systems adapted to cartridges carry-
ing with them their own appliances for ignition.
The ammunition employed by Mr. Westley Richards,
it may be added, differed very considerably from
that used by the other competitors in the form of
the bullet, which has no cavity, but is solid, with a
rim at its,base which projects beyond the body. In
order, however, to place the different systems on
equality so far as ammunition was concerned, 500
additional rounds of cartridge for each system,
made up'in the same way, 'were supplied, and after
three nights' exposure to the weather, and daily

firing in accordance with-the programme laid down,
three targets of 20 shots each were ordered to be
made, with the rifles constructed on the several
plans, on fixed rests, at 500 yards range, with a view
to teat their relative liability to fouling. The result
showed a mean deviation in the case of the Mont-
Storm plan of 2.58 ; in that of Westley Richard's,
of 1.81 ; Wilson's, of 2.19 ; Green's, 3.59 ; Snider's,
5.00 ; and in that of the service Enfield of 1-64. By
this time 270 rounds had been fired from each rifle
uncleaned, the number of miss-fires being—Westley
Richard's 1; Snider's, 8, some duoto the imperfect
manufacture of the rifle used, and others to faulty
caps ; service Enfield, 1. The first series of experi-
ments having been concluded, the rifles were taken
to pieces and carefully inspected by Mr. Gunner,
inspector of small arms at Enfield, who reported
that, while the breech arrangements in all con-
tinued in a sound state, the stocks of Nos. 1 and 2,
those of Mr. Westley Richards ; of No. 7, Mr.
Wilson's ; and No. 9, Mr. Storm's, were broken. A
further examination of the whole of the arms be-
longing to each of the five systems led the commit-
tee, as stated in the report, to the conclusion that
Mr. Snider's plan was that in which the wood of the
original stock was least cut away and weakened ;
Mr. Storm, being placed next in order in this res-
pect, and the remaining three on very much the
same level. Upon the first series of experiments
being concluded. a second soon followed, which had
reference principally. to the value of the several sys-
tems tried for-range, accuracy, and power of pene-
tration. 'The details of- these experimen-Ware fur-
nished by the committee in second report, which is
dated the 14th of March, and from them it ap- -
pears that the mean radial deviation of the dif-
ferent arws at 500 yards range was as follows :
Westley Richards, 1.73 ; Storm, 2.07 ; Wilson,
2.09 ; Snider, 4.63 ; Green, 4-67 ft. while the mean
deviation of the guns as ascertained at Enfield
before the conversion was only 119. Tried at a
range of 800 yards the Westley Richards' system
showed a mean deviation of 2.55 ; Storm's, 446 ;
Wilson's, 4.35 ; Snider's, 4.87 ; and Green's, 7.56 ft.;
the average deviation at the same distance obtained
in practice with the Enfield in 1864 being 3.93. It
will be seen, therefore, that at 800 yards' range
Mr. Westley Richards's system alone gives a result
more favourable than that shown by the uncon-
verted arm, while none of the systems equal the
average shooting of that arm at a range of 500
yards. The bad shooting of the Snider rifles at the
latter range the sub-committee attribute chiefly to
insufficiency of powder, while the comparatively
good results secured at 800 yards they believe to be
due to the use by Mr. Snider of the service charges
and bullet. The superior accuracy of the Westley
Richards system is, in their opinion, considerably
promoted by the ammunition employed, which con-
tained six grains of powder in excess of the service
charge, as well as by the construction of the bullet,
to which reference has already been made. A
further trial of the several systems, they add, at
the same ranges just mentioned proved that the
service powder charge and bullet could be employed
in the different arms, except those of Mr. Richards,
which were not meant by him to be used with that
ammunition. The shooting of the Mont-Storm
rifle was found to be nearly the same with the ser-
vice ammunition as that prepared by himself, while
the accuracy of the Snider breech-loader was greater
with the service ammunition at 500 yards than with
its own, although at a range of 800 yards the result
was not so favourable. At both ranges the shoot-
ing of the Wilson and Green rifles exhibited a less
degree of accuracy when tried with the service
ammunition.

The power of penetration of the respective sys-
tems was put to the test by firing five rounds from
two rifles of each class at half-inch elm boards,
which had been previously soaked in water, and
which were placed in a frame half an inch apart,
at a range of 30 yards. The result of the -ex-
periment is given in the report in the following
form :—Penetration of the Westley Richards
arm, 16i planks ; Storm's, 111 ; Wilson's 11+ ;
Snider's, 11; Green's, 10f. The superior powers A
penetration thus exhibited by the Westley Richards
rifle the committee believe to be dub to the heavier
charges of powder used, as well as to the construc-
tion of the bullet. Since the date of their first re-
port the committee have also made a further expe-
riment to test the comparative rapidity of firing of
the five systems under their notice, the arms being
loaded as they would be in actual service, the caps
in the case of the systems which required them
being carried in the service pouch and taken out for
every round in the usual manner. The time taken
to fire 20 rounds under these circumstances was—
with the Snider rifle, 2 min. 35 sec. ; Green's, 3•min.
18 see.; Storm's, 4 min. 23 sec. ; Wilson's, 4 min.
34 sec. ; Westley Richards', 4 min. 44 sec. ; and
the service Enfield, 7 min. 20 sec. On the score of
rapidity of firing, therefore, Mr. Snider's system
stands first in order, and the committee while
stating that in point of accuracy it was inferior to
to the unconverted Enfield, express a hope that Mr.
Snider will be able so to perfect his principle as to
design an ammunition that will realise all the ad-
vantages afforded by the form of construction which
he has adopted, as contrasted with that in which
caps are employed. After a careful consideration of
the various experiments which form the subject of
both their published reports, the committee state
that they have arrived at the following conclu-
sions :

"That none of the altered arms, except, perhaps, that of
Mr. Westley Richards, come up to the condition, as to ac-
curacy of shooting, of the advertisement of the 25th of
August, 1864—namely, that the shooting of the converted
arm shall not be inferior to that of the unaltered arm. That,
of the systems of conversion in which the ordinary mode of
capping is employed, Storm's is, on the whole, superior to
the others in its general efficiency, its :shooting qualities
being nearly equal to those of the Enfield rifle, and there
being no escape of gas at the breech ; but looking to the
obvious disadvantages which a breech-load6r requiring a
cap presents when contrasted with one adapted for a cart-
ridge carrying its own ignition, the committee do net feel
themselves justified in recommending the system of Mr.
Montgomery Storm for the proposed conversion of the En-
field rifle, although it is the one which on other grounds has
most nearly united all the qualifications desired in an arm
to be obtained by conversion, and the committee think that
gnat credit is due to Mr. Storm for the degree of perfection
to which he has brought it

The committee having also stated that the systems
of Messrs. Wilson and Green did not approach the
required standard of accuracy, end their report by
making the following observations on the whole
question submitted to them for investigation :

" The ultimate armament of the infantry with breech-
loading weapons is determined upon: It would be done at
a comparatively small cost by conversion; but it is now well
known that the calibre, twist, arid form of rifling of the En-
field is not the most favourable for fine shooting, and it is
quite certain that no converted arms can possess the preci-
sion which will be easily attained in a now breech-loader
of smaller gauge and quicker twist. Nor will the soldier be
able to carry that increased quantity of ammunition which is
so desirable without a reduction of calibre. If under these
circumstances, and notwithstanding the great outlay which
will attend it, the Government adhere to the decision to in-
troduce a new small-bore breech-loader as soon as there is a
Pattern ready, the committee do not think it desirable to
proceed at present with conversion on a large scale; but as
there are purposes which may be answered by the converted
arms, and as the experience to be acquired by the conversion
may have some bearing on the larger que,stion, they recom-
mend that Mr. Snider be encouraged to pursue his experi-
ments by the promise that, on the production of a pattern
arm which shall give satisfaction to the committee, 1,000
muskets (or enough to arm one battalion) shall be placed in
his hands for conversion. Tho extension of the operation
should depend upon the success of the experiments about to
be entered upon with the new small-bore weapons, the pro-
bability of their early introduction, and the reports of the
battalion or battalions to which the converted arms may be
issued. There are certain circumstances in which, notwith-
standing all the inconveniences which will attend the co-
existence of unaltered arms, converted arms, and new arms,
with their different ammunitions, it may still be desirable to
proceed with the conversion, on the ground of its small cost,
and of the less time in which the arms can be turned out,
but the committee do not feel in a position at present to
recommend such a measure."
It may be inferred from these remarks that. al-

PRICE 4d.
S TAMPED sd.

though the Enfield rifle might be converted into a
very serviceable breech-loader, yet it could scarcely
be made to comply with those conditions which
would be absolutely requisite in order to secure a
perfect military weapon suited to the requirements
of the British army in every climate. The ultimate
object which the Government, therefore, have in
view is the construction of an entirely new breech-
loader, with a small bore, having a cartridge with
some appliances for ignition. If, in the interim, a
certain number of service Enfolds can, at a reason-
able cost, be converted into breech loaders, much
will have been done towards providing for any emer-
gency that may arise, while time will be allowed
for proceeding in the construction of a more efficient
weapon with due care and deliberation.—Times.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

As soon as the work now remaining to be com-
pleted in the iron-cased vessels fitting at Chatham
dockyard, on which every available hand at that es-
tablishment is employed, is finished, relays of ship-
wrights and labourers will commence taking down
the frames of the fine unarmoured screw frigate
Belvidere, originally intended to be completed as a
51-gun screw frigate, of the Constance class, but the
further building of which has been discontinued for
several years past. The Belvidere was ordered to be
taken to pieces some time back, and her name re-
moved from the official Navy List, but the amount
of work remaining to be completed at the dockyard
-in the way ot completing the iron-clad versels.build-
ing would not allow of the hands being employed
in that undertaking. The fine old-fashioned wooden
two-decker Bulwark, 91, 800 horse-power, with her
square stern and bluff bows, one of the type of ves-
sels which has now passed away, still lies idle on
the stocks at Chatham, the order for discontinuing
operations on her having been given several years
ago. The engines constructed for this vessel are now
on board the Royal Oak, but although powerful
enough for a wooden ship of the Bulwark class they
are scarcely adapted for an iron-clad frigate like the
Royal Oak. The Admiralty are at present undecided
as to the ultimate fate of the Bulwark, but it is
probable that as soon as the exigencies of the
dockyardmay permit she may be taken in handand
completed, either for a store or receiving ship at
one of the foreign ports, for which her great size
renders her well adapted. The only other wooden
vessel now on the stocks at Chatham on which no
hands are employed is the screw gun vessel Myr-
midon, 4, 695 tons, 200-horseower, which is about
three-fourths completed.
The Reindeer, 250-horse power (unarmoured),
building on No. 2 slip at Chatham dockyard, ori-
ginally designed as a 17 gun corvette, is now being
completed and strengthened throughout by a system
of knees and bolts, in order to enable her to mount
six guns of heavy calibre, including two of the 100-
pounder 6i ton guns. She has but comparatively
few hands employed on her, and according to her
present rate of progress will not be completed for
several months. She is to be fitted with a topgal-
lant forecastle, but the original proposal to supply
her with a poop is not being carried out.
The autumn inspection of the Woolwich division
of Royal Marine Light Infantry by Major-General
Stransham commenced on Monday, and was
brought to a close yesterday afternoon. The bat-
talion, composed of ten companies of 30 files each,
assembled on Woolwich-common for the Inspector-
General's official inspection, and after a very close
inspection of the battalion in line they marched past
in open column of companies, in slow time, in
grand divisions at company distance, in quick time,
and in quarter-distance column. They were after-
wards put through various manoeuvres by Colonel
Maxwell, the commandant, under the direction of
the Inspector-General, the whole of which were
executed in a manner which called forth the Gene-
ral's warm commendations ancLihanks. .'To firing
and marching in line received his especial approba-
tion also, and after about two hours' active exer-
cises the battalion marched back to quarters, and
were dismissed until the following morning, when the
entire division, including "duty men," servants, ex-
cess of employed, and every available man actually
off duty paraded in three battalions for brigade drill.
They assembled on the common in line of contiguous
quarter-distance columns for the reception of the
Major-General. After marching past in quarter-
distance columns by battalions the brigade counter-
marched and marched past in line of contiguous
elicitedTbe
oeuvres, all of which were covered by light infantry,
man-
and were executed with a precision and celerity o:
Per-G
afterwardsce on
eur
columns,
wentlss through whichmarked
movementa
vari approval.et variety of bt hrie quarter-distance
gadne

action remarkable even to their ordinarily high state
of drill. At the conclusion the Inspector-General
desired Colonel Maxwell to express to the officers,
non-commissioned officers, and men, his great satis-

fiction at the appearance and discipline of the divi
_ _ _ _ _

sion, and Colonel Maxwell, in consideration of the
General's high approval of the proceedings, gave the
division two days'. free holyday.
In the account given on Monday in The Sun of
Mr. Richardson's boiler experiments at Woolwich
with the petroleum and other oils for steam purposes
the word " whale" oil was given, instead of " shale"

oil. Shales, it appears, on reference to a work on
the subject, have been discovered in large quanti-
ties under all the north-western and western dis-
tricts of the American coal measures.

STATE OF TRADE,

MANCHESTER, Sept. s.—ln shipping yarns we
have had a very strong market to-day, with a con-
siderable business doing for various markets. The
demand continues strong, but spinners, who are
deeply under contract, have been asking prices which
isthare
about Id. per lb.
above
in
b businessom v many nt yh casese ractuallyat
rates
ao have
doneel
aqs quite i
Ft
he
Friday,
eid preventedahye e,all
been
and
aclaoeesesretaoptfikroidenbespus.
yehrTearlhvshee:
TlLenbrafreneehly
ofpa theid byyarnne:ar
yarn-market continues strong
In cloths we have
to the close, and with a decidedlayymuaropdnwesarradttheteebrnusediennheci
eamoer
efke eyt tradeyarns
r wn
Friday.
had a steady inquiry during the week. Prices have
been very well maintained, and a fair amount of
business has been done. The recent advances of
cotton in Liverpool, coupled with a heavy business
idainnlos also
nexgpbc.r jeesfsne soa.fst Pricest
iheononrfga rates
there, this morning have forced quotations up here
to some extent, and beyond the point to which, in
many cases, buyers are disposed to follow. But we
facte m
have had a good demand to-day, and in many
classes of goods, especially the better descriptions of
long-cloths, and in goods requiring finer counts of
yarns, which have considerably increased in value,
betterur e
pricesof
theseare makescommanded. of cloth Asa rule,
are well engaged,
and we have a decidedly improved scale of prices
to-day, with a fair general business. Messrs. John
Slagg and Co. report this day's cloth-market as
follows :

"Our market has been firm since last Tuesday, and a fair
business has been done. The large sales and advanced rates
in Liverpool necessitate higher quotations here to-day, and
operations have consequently been somewhat restricted.
The inquiry is, however, very general, and for some sorts of
long-cloths, and also for goods requiring the finer counts of
yarns, a considerable advance is obtained."
LEEDS, sth.—A good attendance of both buyers
and sellers in the clothhalls, and the market wore a
cheerful aspect. The reports from manufacturers,
and also from dyers and finishers, continue cheer-
ful, and prices are firm, having au upward rather
than a downward tendency. The rates of wool keep
quite firm.
NorriNonAm, sth.—At our Exchange-hall the
attendance was limited. The demand for lace
yarns continues fair and previous rates are fully
realised. The inquiry for hosiery yarns was steady,
and high prices were obtained. For spun silks
rather more money was made ; thrown silks quite