The Sun.
London, England, 1865-03-01 00:00:00

[HE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 1, 186,,i.

1,--.....-.4
rts E tud -Tent would, in almost all instances, fully repay them
while it would in the aggregate amount to no very
---------------;;-----------Ile
eff°
t°
davided for. Air. LOWS made
the present system, but not very success.ully-„,
although he employed his usual dexterity in so- great sum. Such a course would at once approve
n the: , itselno the people, who would recognise the justice
doing ; and when he put in his defence upon
the question of expense, he showed that he had a,. of the measure, while they would not be disposed to
very poor case to go upon after all. The country favour an arbitrary removal to some place fixed on
will not rest satisfied with a faulty management of ;by Government. To leave them free to suit them-
important interests, and if the system does not st ives in the matter of dwelling place, while
work well, the money that has been already expended a onpensating them for the trouble and loss
will have been thrown away, or, at all events, occasioned
by moving, is so small an
membed simple
partly wasted. There is no gr eater mistake made o. remedy that it is singular none of the rs
than to persist in propping up old systems, or in deli who took part in the motions
As i and counter-motionsafter
fending new ones which are shown to be faulty in 'of last evening suggested it. t happened,
construction, and imperfect in their workings. the laughable incident of the division, there was not
Lord R. CECIL'S remarks were very well timed, and a. Souse sitting, and consequently no result was
the noble lord gave a very good definition of the arrived at, but there is no doubt that the full
case in his practical observations. He said that assevibly would have confirmed the virtual decision
there was a sentiment of distrust relative to the of the- twenty-eight members. We hope that the
department that prevailed out of doors, and that practical solution of the difficulty which we have
due inquiries should be made to discover the cause referred to will be taken into consideration, as it is
of the existing inefficiency. Discussions of this undoubtedlytice and extravagance.
the simplest and surest method of
nature are very serviceable occasionally, and the best avoiding
injus
arrangements require investigation and that cri-
ticism ..------_
which they never meet with from those who
are more or less interested in them. Those from
without can often find out faults that those within
cannot or will not see, and hence, in every sense of
the word, is it satisfactory to notice the debate
of last night upon Education. Many re-
marks were made that will tend to open the
eyes of the public to the errors that are extant in
a system which they fondly believed at one time
was to tend so much to the benefit of the country.
It is alwi;ys a great thing gained when something
definite is agreed upon, and here we may rest so
far satisfied that under existing circumstances so
much has been done in a good cause, and one whose
interests involve the welfare of many, and whose
influence may extend to future generations.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAM.)

TICE ERUPTION 'OF MOUNT ETN&.
FLORENCE, Feb. 25.

The Nazione publishes the following letter from
Acireale dated, 18th inst. :.:--Those who perchance
May have': seen an eruption of Mount Etna can
form an adequate idea of the present from the few
words I have to add to my letter of the first/ inst.,
now that I have witnessed this tremendous

specsacle.
The crater is six kilometres in circumference,
with four horrible principal mouths, which eject
enormous stones to a height not less than one
kilomatre. The lava is rather frajile compared
with previous eruptions, bnt has a certain smell of
sulphur, and preserves an intense heat.

The Reformers of the North are determined ap•
parently not to allow the charge of inaction and
indifference to be brought against them, and are
not inclined to leave the Government to the undis-
turbed possession of their " Rest and be thankful',
theories. A public meeting was held at Halifax on
Monday evening to consider the question of Parlia-
mentary Reform, and to consider the best means of
impressing upon the House of Commons and the
Government " the duty and propriety" of at once
carrying out some such measure. This it must be
admitted appears to be rather a hopeless task, and
those who proposed such a resolution could hardly
themselves have been very sanguine as to its
effect, but it served as a pretext for discussing
a question which has borne, and will yet bear, a
good deal of debate. Press and public have
only exhausted their arguments and reproaches on
behalf of- the necessity of salutary change. It has
been admitted from the Throne, and acceded to by
the leaders of both parties, but when all these verbal
preliminaries have come to an end, " Rest and be
thankful" is the motto. Had Earl RUSSELL adopted
it as his watchword some years since he might have
spared his severe criticisms on the Derby Reform
Bill, unless, indeed, he thought it moved too fast
for him. But Englishmen, especially in the North,
are getting tired of this prolonged inaction, and are
by no means convinced that their system of Parlia-
mentary representation, admirable as it may be in
principle, has reached perfection in detail. Ac-
cordingly, the meeting we have alluded to was
held at Halifax rather with the view of showing
the feeling of the country than with any
hope of an immediate result, although, in conclu-
sion, it was resolved to present a petition to Parlia-
ment embodying the resolutions passed at the meet-
ing. These were just and moderate enough, and
such as no consistent Refo er could reasonably op-
pose. The first resolutio, declared it to be the
opinion of the meeting that an immediate reform of
the representation was required, both on account of
the admittedly defective character of the present
system and because of the repeated promises offi-
cially made to that effect. To this there could
hardly be any opposition ; and the second, which
asserted that the general intelligence, patriotism,
and good conduct of the people justified a consider-
able measure of reform, was, as all unprejudiced
persons must admit, equally founded on fact.
The gentleman who proposed it, Mr. HUTCH-
INSON, said that, avoiding alike the policy
of inaction and of extreme change, he thought
they would do well to sanction a measure of similar
scope to the last one proposed by Government.
Less, he said, could not well be asked or granted,
and less the people would be scarcely willing to
accept. In Halifax the effect of such a measure
would be to increase the constituency from 1,800
to 2,700. It was certainly a prudent limit, since
in counties the £lO franchise would not, according
to Mr. HUTCHINSON, add a single voter, while in
boroughs the £6 franchise would only increase the
number of constituents 48 per cent. The same
speaker denounced the absurdity of the notion that
the working classes would lose their respect for
wealth, rank, and education, because a few of their
own number were permitted to vote for a member.
The concluding resolution, which declared any mea-
sure of Reform to be unsatisfactory which did not,
at least, extend as far as the £lO and £6 franchise,
was almost superfluous, but certainly its justice was
indisputable. It is well that the subject should be
kept before the public by these general meetings,
though we fear Reformers have little to hope from
'ble 1 the present Cabinet or the present Parliament.
.. -- --

ROME.
ROME, FEB. 28 (Evening)

The last few days of the Carnival have been
brilliant and animated• No disorder has taken

place.

THE BOMBAY MAIL.
SOUTHAMPTON, MARCH 1.
The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-
ship Delhi, with the heavy portion of the above
mails, arrived here this morning with 69 passengers,
£1,639 in specie, and 1,230 packages of cargo, of
which 640 bales are cotton.
200 workmen employed on the railway at Reinosa,
in Santander, had mutinied, breaking their tools
and abandoning the works. The contractors were
officially required to pay the men their wages, the
withholding of which was the cause of the disturb-
ance. This official notice to the contractors restored
order.
The Delhi spoke the steamer Ellora on the 20th,
on the 22d H.M.S. Enchantress, and on the 28th
the steamer Nyanza.
Her Majesty's ships Liffey, Racoon, Redpole,
Procris, and the Italian frigates Eurydice and Valo-
roso were at Gibraltar.
Gibraltar exchange on London, 90 days, 491 to
49:1 ; Paris, 8 days, sf. 12c. to 13c. ; Madrid, 11
discount.

lows

4.1 per Cents 97
Do. end month —
3 per Cents. 67 55
Do. end month 67 50
Credit Mobilier
Do. end month
Bank Shares 3500
Credit Foncier 1277 50
Roman 74

Cash. Acct.
Orleans
Northern lOl3 75 ... 1013 75
Lyons and Mediterranean 945 ... 945
Southern 585 ... 581 25
Western MO •••
Eastern
Sardinian 306 25 ... 306 25
Austrian
Lombard 545 ... M 5
North of Spain 327 50 ... 332 50
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona 176 25 ...

There is no evil, it is said, without some compen
sating good, and, unfortunately, in too many in-
stances the reverse of the axiom is equally correct.
No great change or improvement can be effected
without creating in one way or another a good deal
of distress and inconvenience. The introduction of
machinery, advantageous as it has proved in all
respects, unquestionably occasioned much suffering
among the workers of the various handicrafts which
it superseded. The sewing-machine, which
in
ithe
course of a few years, it may be hoped, will render
the " Song of a Shirt" a picture of the past, is even
now diminishing the chances of poor toiling women
struggling for a wretched livelihood. Even so the
improvements of a great city infallibly entail much
inconvenience and loss upon those least able to
to bear it. The extension of the railway
lines demolish the comfortable homes of many well_
uya
na rye
cautm
fl eua sr
tta
bf rl
le et o
where choose
they
at on-odt oh
ec ir
t hi zaebni st
'a
ti buton they
will. But the poorer classes,l vh
uroaereuaflsteoudisnoltodagbedle
by the removal of the rookeries,
residence, and are consequently p
to move to any great distance fromuto cthoneisridfeorrambeler
inconvenience. This state of things,
regretted, appears to many to be a still greater
always to be
hardship when it results from State improvements ;
and therefore, since the proposed alteration in the
site of the Courts of Law will turn out some
hundreds of very poor persons, it has been proposed
houses should
that some compensation should be made to them.
:re.
surface,
last evening, suggested that new
second the
place the same •
be built for them, a plan which, on
presents grave difficulties. ties. In the first
precseidteenwtouwlodunldotbsuie suit
n them
awkward all, in 0 tnhee,
and it would be much wiser to follow the usual
course pursued by railway companies and others,
and give the displaced Persons some compensation
for their inconyenienw. A, quarter or half year's

AMERICA.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAM.)
ARRIVAL OF THE CITY OF LONDON.

NEW YORK, FEB. 18 (Morning).
Small bands of Confederate cavalry are threat-
ening the suburbs of Nashville.
Thomas has arrived at New Orleans. Price is
reported to have 9,000 men, mostly Texas cavalry.
His headquarters are at Bonham Texas, south of
the Red River.

It is reported via Cairo that Price has gone to
Mexico, on a confidential mission, under the orders
of Kirby Smith. _ _

Kirby Smith is still at Shreeveport, Louisiana.
His force is estimated at 38,000 men. Many are
scattered for foraging purposes, and it is believed
that they could not be concentrated this season for
want of transportation. _
. _

Magruder is at Camden, Arkansas. He has
20,000 men on his muster rolls, two-thirds of them
being effective. Palmer has been appointed to the
command of the department of Kentucky.
The bill to enrol negroes into military service was
to have been taken up by the Confederate Congress
on the 15th.

Captain Beales, the Lake Erie pirate, who was
have been hung to-day, is respited.
The majority report of the judiciary committee of

the Kentucky State Senate recommends the rejec-
tion of the constitutional amendment. The minority
report insists on compensation as a condition to
precede the ratification.
Lincoln has called an extraordinary session of the

Senate to assemble on the 4th March, to receive and
act upon such communications as may be made on
the part of the Executive.
At a meeting of loyal Georgians, held at York,
resolutions were passed urging the people of Georgia
to submit unconditionally to the Union.
The proposition to strike out the word " white"
in the qualifications requisite to become a member
of the Missouri Legislature has been defeated in the
State Convention. The proposition to permit
coloured persons to vote at the poll office was also
defeated.

General Mejia has arranged to return all refugees
from Texas to be drafted into the Confederate army.
He says that he acts under instructions from the
Emperor Maximilian.
General Canby threatens to retaliate by holding
Mexican officers as hostages.

A new order entitled, the Mexican Eagle, has
been created by Maximilian. _ _

FRANCE.
BO RASE, Feb. 28.—The market, on account of the
liquidat,ion, is somewhat heavy, and there is a small
reduction in quotations. Threes, for the Account;
are nw at 67fr. 60c. Mobilier are not quoted.
In Railway Shares not much doing, and prices re-
main about the same. The market closed as fol-

The Frenchmen entering Mexico are ordered to
register themselves.
Cortinas has left on a campaign against Cara-
vagal and Mendez.
It is stated that 5,000 waggons are regularly
employed in hauling cotton from Texas to the Rio
Grand, whence they return with supplies from
Mexico.

Italian Loan 64 70
Do. end month 64 50
Ditto Threes — --
New Mexican
Russian —
Austrian
Spanish Threes
Home Debt —
Deferred
PAYS.
" •

The World says the elevation of Lee is a step
towards a more resolute and defiant resistance, and
the most serious part of
our military work still lies
directly before us.
According to the Montreal Telegraph, complete
official documents have been received to prove the
St. Albans raiders as lawful belligerants.
General Sherman has reached the south bank of
the Gongaree, a few miles east of Columbia. The
Confederates retreated to the north bank. A battle
is imminent. Northern accounts state that Sherman
captured Branchvilleafter three days' fighting, while
Southern reports assert that it was evacuated with-
out fighting.
President Lincoln has summoned an extraordi-
nary session of the Senate for the 4th of March.
Gold, 2041.
1 The Senate has refased an appropriation for the

Niagara ship canal.
Congress has passed a bill for the establishment
of a mail steamship line between San Francisco and
China. _ _ _

The Congressional committee has recommended
he admission of claimants to seats from Arkansas

and Louisiana.
The House of Representatives has passed a bill
for taxing sales at half per cent. and levying an in-
ternal revenue tax of eight cents on cotton. Mr.
Stevens's amendment for a tax of 10 per cent. on
gold sales, except for duties, interest on the public
debt, or exportation, was adopted in committee of
the whole, but it is supposed that it will be rejected
in the House.
The Virginian Congressional delegation who re-
commended the reconstruction of Davis's Cabinet,
have issued a report. Referring to Davis's letter to
Mr. Seddon, they express regret that their advice
was repelled in such a manner, but declare their
unwillingness to provoke a resentful controversy.
Nearly all the cotton fleet has arrived at New
York from Savannah.
The Tallahassee has arrived at Nassau.
The correspondent of the Herald states that the
Governor has refused permission to the Federal
gunboat Honduras to anchor at Nassau.
The British bark John Parkins has been wrecked
off Honduras.

EGYPT.
ALEXANDRIA, Feb. 18.
Sir Henry Buiwer left Cairo this morning, on a
visit to Suez. His health is very much improved,
and it is probable he may visit the works of the
Suez Canal Company and Port Said.
11. E. Nubar Pasha subscribed on the 15th inst.
a concession in favour of M. Lebon, to supply the
city of Cairo with gas. The contract stipulates that
the works shall be finished on or before the 15th
February, 1866.
The City of Damascus is enjoying a period of
tranquillity and prosperity, which could hardly have
been anticipated so soon after the frightful events
of which it has been the theatre. The Christian
quarter, notwithstanding the enormous wages de-
manded by all kinds of workmen, is fast rebuilding.
TheildeiutisteGpolneoe bsl
ivernor of Damascus, Alihammund Rachidi
Pasha, had a few months ago the happy idea of
widening all the bazaars of the city, by compelling
all the merchants to give back to the street the
space that their shops had unlawfully over-reached,
at some period anterior to the memory of man.
This measure, which at first occasioned some
murmuring was carried by the people themselves
with great alacrity, as soon as they became
aware of the benefit that would result from it
for them, and now the measure may be said
to be completely carried. Mahomed Rachidi Pacha
has carried, with equal rapidity and success, many
other improvements.
The Turkish troops allied with the Druses have
made a successful expedition in the Hansan, andl
taken possession of a tract of country which had
been long in the power of the turbulent Arabs. By
some mistake two or, some say, four Christian vil-
lages have shared the fate of the rebels, and have
been plundered if not destroyed.
The cotton market advanced on Saturday and
Monday from 37 to 40 dollars for fair open, tele-
grams having been received from Liverpool quoting
an advance of 2d. per lb.
By advices of a later date, however, it was made
known that this advance has been lost, and the price
of fair open has again declined to 21d. In conger,
ewi
stoi oori unnurei s
so3mn7ha ra
skt
dollarshe bet e
eh
pnaa
asrdt:b etnhoeefe, n
close,
laholders
eo,
pbirregular,eunt b
et
h generallyei andnreg
is verylittle
t
nomi-
nallyo
accept the price. The stock at present in Alexan-
dria is estimated at 40,000 cantars.
Exchange on London, at 3 months, Hi to I
Freight to Liverpool, id. per lb.

The steamer Constitution sailed from San Fran
cisco on the 13th inst., for Panama, with $1,300,000
in specie, of which $BOO,OOO are for New York.
Kelly, one of the parties engaged in the seizure
of the Chesapeake, has been arrested at St. John's,
New Brunswick.
A courier from General Sherman to Admiral
Porter has arrived at Smithville, having ridden
across the country. He announces the capture of
Branchville on the Bth inst., by Sherman, after
three days' hard fighting.
Southern papers do not mention any -battle, but
state that in consequence of the Federal occupation
of Orangeburg, Branchville was abandoned. Gen.
Beauregard has taken up a new line to cover
Columbia.
The Richmond Despatch of the 15th instant says
that when Sherman's main army advanced towards
Branchville and Charleston he sent Kilpatrick's
Cavalry to demonstrate against Augusta, and
destroy the Charleston and Augusta Railroad. On
Friday last Wheeler attacked
Patrick at Aiken,
20 miles north-east of Augusta, and after a severe
engagement drove him five miles towards Branch-
ville. Our troops by this time have doubtless fallen
back to the Gongaree, and if they fall back behind
that river, the enemy will be able to shell that river
from the. South Bank. The Gongaree and its
tributary the Saluta are easily fordable above the
city.
The very latest Richmond despatches state that
Sherman's advanced forces have reached the south
bank of the Gongaree, a few miles east of Columbia
the Confederates falling back to the north bank of
the river. A battle was imminent.
Annapolis despatches of yesterday announce the
arrival of a flag of truce steamer from Richmond.
At the time of her departure rumours were current
in Richmond that Sherman had been checked and
Beauregard killed. These reports are unreliable.
It is reported that 20,000 Federals under Schole-
field have landed at Newbern, and are advancing
into North Carolina to reconstruct the railroad
from Kingston to the Atlantic.
According to the World Scholefield's corps has
landed at Masonboro, thus closely besieging Wil-
mington and avoiding the march up the peninsula.
The result of the reconnaissance at Wilmington

THE LATE CARDINAL WISEMAN.—The Catholic
Metropolitan Chapter will probably meet in the
course of a few days to make choice of three names to be
forwarded to Rome with a view to the appointment of a
successor to the late Cardinal Wiseman. These names
having been first submitted to the English Catholic
Bishops, who pronounce their opinion upon
hil the
em, willdiocess
then
be transmitted to the Holy See. Meanw thel
is being administered by vicar-caPitular nominated by
the chapter, whose choice has fallen upon Canon O'Neal, of
St. John's Wood.
"ERRATUM.—In the notice given yesterday of the
"ERRATUM.—In
Commercial Almanack, the price should been mentioned as
Eighteenpence, instead of being given, as it was by a mis-
print, as Eightpence.

on Saturday last was the advance of the Federal
lines three miles. The new ground was held and
works thrown up on it as strong as those to which
the Confederates retreated.
Lieut. Cushing made another reconnaissance to
the obstructions opposite Fort Anderson, crossed
the obstructions, passed up to Wilmington, and
made a complete examination of the wharves and
shipping, He also proceeded to Charlotte, North
Carolina, ,and destroyed all the provisions there.
A deserter is said to have arrived from Norfolk,
who states that the Richmond authorities have
stopped the work on the monitors, blew up one, and
were about to evacuate the city.
General Grant continues to fortify his position at
Hatcher's Run. He has extended his pickets to
Shiney Creek.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Money easy. Gold, 2041. Exchange on Lon-
don, 2211; do. Paris, 2.271 2.20. Stocks steady.
New York Centrals, 1131. Illinois, 119. Erie,
75. Five-twenty U.S. Bonds, 1111. Cotton
slightly firmer. Middling Upland, 85c. Flour
advancing. Wheat quiet. Corn and provisions
dull.. Coffee steady. Sugar slightly firmer.
Molasses very dull. Petroleum very dull ; crude,
49c. ; refined, 67c. •