The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-12 00:00:00

FRANCE.

BOURSE, Aug. 11.—The market has been heavy,
and prices are a shade lower than on Saturday,
Threes, for the Account, being now at 68fr. 75c.
The Railway Share Market has not shown much
animation, but previous rates have been pretty well
maintained. The market continued heavy to the
close, and left off as folio.
cli per Cents 98
Do. end month
3 per Cents
Do. end month 6B 65
New 3 per Cents
Do, end month —
Credit Mobilier 835
Do. end month 837 50

'8:

Bank Shares 3170
Credit F oncier 1225
Piedmontesc Fives 69 70
Italian Loan 7O
Roman
Austrian
Spanish Threes 5l
Home Debt

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans lOl5 .. 1013 75
Northern ....
New ditto
Lyons and Mediterranean 1097 50 .. 1097 50
Geneva 3OO ..
Southern B3O .. 823 75
Western
.. 552 60
Eastern ....
Sardinian
Austrian
Low Wird .. 602 50 .. 600

IHE GARIBALDIAN MOVEMENT.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)

MESSINA, AUG. 4.
Before I begin my account of the Garibaldian
movement in the South I must tell you something
more of the ultimata fate of my Garibaldian fellow-

passengers.

We left them at the entrance of that glorious Bay
of Naples as it unfolds itself after rounding Cape
Misene, and never have I seen it more glittering
and bright than under that August sun. It did not
fail to produce its effect on the Garibaldians. They
were "as merry as sandboys." Those who had been
there with the Southern army before acted the part
of cicerones to the novices. Some of the cicerones
seemed so knowing that I began almost to suspect
they had employed their time while at Naples, two
years ago, rather in exploring the sights of the
neighbourhood than in looking at the Neapolitans
at Santa Maria. However, their topography was
so fanciful that it seemed as if they had got their
store of knowledge secondhand ; but, such as it
happened to be, it was gratefully received, and
much more so the promise to show them the lions of
the town during the 24 hours that the steamer
stopped before proceeding on her journey to Messina
and Palermo, whether they were bound.
However, the fates in the shape of the Neapolitan
Questura had decided otherwise. While the steamer
was trying to get into her berth some employes of
the police made their appearance on board, and
allowed no one to leave. As no objection is usually
made to landing, there could be no doubt that tele-
graphic information had been received about the
Garibaldians. Some of the other passengers insisted
on going on !shore, and at last most of those who did
not belong to the dangerous set were allowed to do
so. The distinction seems to have been placed in
tile luggage—those who had any were let out,
while the others were told to wait.
It was only yesterday, on returning on board the
General Abbatucci, that I heard the reason of the
delay. lustructions were asked, and they were
sent by a body of carabiniers, to the effect that not
one of the young men was to be allowed to land.
They were asked for passports, and, of course, had
none, as they were moving within the limits of the
kingdom. Some of the soldiers insisted on their
right to move about and land wherever they pleased
—to be free citizens of the kingdom—and there
was some chance of a row with the police, when the
captain of the steamer thought of a clever means to
arrange matters. A steamer belonging to another
company was just starting for Palermo, so he
offered, if they would pay sf. ahead, to get them a
passage, and they might leave at once. Rather than
stop a whole day without being allowed to land,
they consented, and were transferred to the steamer,
the company having agreed to take them at that
rate, considering the number which was larger than
I thought-85.

Tnus the captain of the General Abbatucci got
rid of them at Naples without, of course, giving
back a farthi, g of their passage money, which had
been paid for Palermo ; the police had no trouble
with them, and the Garibaldians arrived three days
sooner at Palermo by paying sf. extra.
. As this is not the first batch which has gone to
Sicily, it seems to show great uncertainty and irreso-
lution on the part of the Government not to have
made up its mind what to do. It Italy is, as she
pretends to be, a constitutional country, she must
respect individual liberty, Had these young men
been armed, or shown in any manner a hostile in-
tention, exceptional measures might have been
taken, but it is namely wise to annoy them as much
as possible and yet allow them in the end to go to
Sicily. Such half-measures must naturally lead to
misapprehensions. They: are those
Who suspect the
Government ©f
. eonniving at the movement in
order to further It 1 others again who think that
the OeTerranent is endeavouring to have another

Sarnico, and make a merit of it. Both these wil
naturally interpret such half-measures as are re-
sorted to in their own way.
I cannot help thinking there is some irresolution
as to how to deal with the movement, which is as-
suming greater proportions daily, and also much
inexperience in the true spirit of constitutional go-
vernment. It must be remembered that when Pied-
mont adopted const,tutional forms, in 1848, its sys-
tem of administration was not changed. It
remained the same bureaucratic centralisation as
before. The war in 1859 and the full powers
granted to the Government several times since
rather strengthened this system. While Govern-
ment was leading the popular movement the dis-
advantages of this centralisation were not much
felt, bat now that the popular movement threatens
to overturn the Government the case is different.
As a Parliamentary Government it must respect the
law as to personal liberty, and as the head of the
Administration it has a tendency to interfere,
hence such half-measures as I related just now.
To judge of the effects of the present movement
in the South of Italy it must be always kept in
mind that Garibaldi, the centre of the whole agita-
tion, is in the South, and that the South owes its
liberation to him. His name is synonymous with
all the good which the Southern Italians have ex-
perienced for the last two years, while he had no
share in all the inconveniences which they may
have felt from the introduction of a regular govern-
ment since the annexaticn. His name recals a
reign of holiday, while that of the Italian Govern-
ment represents taxes and conscription. Besides
this, his call for Rome revives the grievances
against Turin and what is still secretly called a
Piedmontese Government, a Piedmontese army. It
is useless to reason on the subject and show how it
is the fault of the Southern men if they have not
yet taken their proper share in the government of
Italy, they feel only the slight that they have sunk.
down to a province.

Under these circumstances it cannot surprise, you
that the recent proceedings of Garibaldi ha:fe pro-
duced a deep impression on the people faf Naples
and Sicily. It manifests itself, however., differently
in the two countries; for while in Sicily, where
Garibaldi has begun his agitation, the move-
ment is carried on openly, at Naples it has not yet
broken out into broad daylight. For more than a
week his arrival has been daily expected, and this
expectation has not a little contributed to raise the
agitation, There is one feature which tells more of
the force of this agitation than anything I could
say, and this is that several thousand men have in-
scribed their names on the list of volunteers. Na,
doubt there is a difference in such cases between
those who inscribe their names and those who 'Actu-
ally would go if called upon ; but, eves raking
every allowance, these enlistments are sig:aificant
if
e remember that in 1860, when the Bor
abons were
at the doors of the capital, and all we're so compro-
mised that they had to fear the
worst, not 109
volunteers could be found to join those who fought
for them. Some of the most active members of the
party of action have chosen Naples as their head-
quarters, and they certainly do everything in tf eir
power to push things to an extreme. On the otb er
hand, the remains of the reaction and the
.pr;..ests
likewise do their best to throw o:1 on the Bmo-older-
ing cinders. Although even the most sr,perficial
observer can see that there is less misery than ever
has been seen at Naples, fewer beggars, and greater
activity of commerce than before, yet you hear the
people complain. I talked to several fishermen,
and they were all unanimous in assuring me that
since 1860—that is, since they have been under the
new Government—the fish have left the Ba y. In
vain do they lower their nets—they draw them in
empty. On cress-examination they admitted, how-
ever, that they sold what they caught at three times
the price they got before, and one, evidently the
esprit fort of the party, went so far as to insinuate
that perhaps, after all, the Government had nothing
to do with driving away the fish, as they had caught
several large fish of prey in their nets which may
have been the guilty parties.
With such ignorance and such prejudices, and with
that hereditary weakness of Neapolitans to cherish
grievances, popular movements spread rapidly. I
' never yet knew a Neapolitan -vdho had -not some pet
grievance, which he spends his life hi impressing on
everyone he meets. There are numbers who thought
to have a claim to office and could not ba accommo-
well to consider that no one of those contests was
finally abandoned by the losing party until the
moral effect of recognition had first been felt. Every
man of intelligence would say, "If our great effort
has failed with all our numbers and enthusiasm and
credit, what will the chances be with our spirit
jaded, our finances in confusion, our theories ex-
ploded, and the South supported now by the
acknowledgment of Europe P We have done our
utmost, none can term our effort an ignoble one,
and now without discredit we may yield to destiny,
respond to the opinion of Europe, and preserve our
own dominion from ruin."
And, in truth, so far from European recognition
supplying a stimulus to the North, it would ex-
tinguish one that now exists. On the 31st of July
there appeared in your columns two letters vehe-
mently urging efforts to recruit at once. Mi.
Seward writes, "All is well if we instantly show our
strength. I send Diven home for that purpose."
Mr. Diven writes, "We have not the time to
draught. We must end this war soon or fight the
world. We can't fight the world successfully ; you
know we can't." The meaning of these letters is
obviously this—" Make a desperate effort at once.
If we put a bold front on it, and make Europe be-
lieve that our strength is inexhaustible, the Powers
will continue to stand aloof; but unless we do this
instantly they will renognise the South, and all is
over." Here, then, is the stimulus now in action—
the apprehension of a great evil; the struggle to
avert it. But the moment that evil is an irrever-
sible fact, the effort to prevent it ends ; the stimulus
is gone. One who hears that his house is on fire
strains every nerve to reach it, but if he learns that
it is burnt to the ground he hurries no more, but
submits to the less it is now beyond his power to

escape.

An argument has been used with much force
L that the South is now in so advantageous a position
that it may well be left to complete the work. But
it cannot be denied that this is a war of rapid
changes. At present there is a lull, a period of
inaction, doubt, despondency—a precious oppor-
tunity for Europe, not to interfere in the contest,
but to end it by rendering its object impossible.
When operations are resumed, although it is impro-
bable, yet there is the risk that the tide may turn,
that the North may again obtain delusive successes,
which would speedily render it again elated and
defiant. Should this come to pass the opportunity
will be lost, and lost to no one's gain. Success ob-
tained by the North can only protract the inevit-
i able result. It will but lengthen out the pain of an
amputation. There is also a risk in the other di-
rection. The South may be so successful as to de-
mand terms that may drive the North to protracted
resistance. As the matter now stands each has
proved before the world its energy and valour ;
each has experienced the terrible cost of such a war,
and neither has obtained so decisive an advantage
68 to demand oppressive terms of peace. When
can we hope for another pause with results so
balanced as to permit conditions humiliating to
neither, and so afford a prospect of future tran-
quillit3 ?
The practical effect of European recognition would
be to extinguish instantly all confidence in moneyed
circles; in other words, to level at once the prop on
which the war rests. It would go round with the
strange, unwelcome face of the tax-gatherer, who
will begin his calls on the Ist of September, and
would supply to every man in his home an argu-
ment against the continuance of such visits. TO
numbers who are silently deploring this suicidal
strife it would give courage to speak and a point t°
rally upon. To those who see the folly of the war,
but no means of extrication, it would afford a season-
able excuse. To every thoughtful mind it would
be a solemn warning that the time had come to end
~
this iniquitous warfare, and, although some atterDP
might be made to rouse a spirit of resistance, that
attempt would fail, for all would instinctively knowr
it to be the beginning of the end and the
of peace.—l am, &c.,
S.
Liverpool, Aug. 9. harbinger