The Sun.
London, England, 1865-01-23 00:00:00

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KLNAHAN'S LL WHISKY v. COGNAC
BRANDY.
This celebrated Old IRISH WHISKY rivals the finest
FRENCH BRANDY,

AMERICA.

THE REMOVAL OF GENERAL BUTL'R.

It ig Pure, Mild, Mellow, Delicious, and very Wholesome.
Sold in Bottles, 3s. Bd., at the Retail Houses in London ; by
the Agents in the principal towns in England ; or wholesale

The New York Herald publishes the following
despatch :

8, GREAT WINDMILL-STREET, LONDON, W.
Observe the Red Seal, Pink Label, and Cork branded
Kinahan's LL Whisky."

" Yesterday the troops of this command were
startled by the unexpected announcement that Gen.
Butler had been relieved and oreered to Lowell,
Massachusetts. A host of rumours are flying about
as to the cause of this change. Nearly all, however,
attribute the removal of Gen. Butler to the failure
of the Wilmington expedition. The order was re-
ceived at Butler'S- headquarters about half-past 11
o'clock. a.m. yesterday. The only person present
who did not appear at all surprised was the general
himself. Whether he knew that it was coming, or
whether he has the faculty of viewing the most
; but
mediat
un-
expected events calmly, is more than I can deter-
minecertainlyely on its reception his orders
the general was not at all dis-
turbed. Immediately
were issued clearly and decisively, and before three
o'clock he was ready to vacate his command at the
front. Adopting the theory that General Butler was
removed on account of the Wilmington expedition
not meeting with the expected success, only one
question remained to puzzle curious military men.
They could not imagine why the general had not
been removed some days ago. This question, how-
ever—rece.hrpfl ..--finc&-..lirlilyn when Gen...Ord was
assigia TO the command. The hero of Fort Har-
rison was away on leave of absence, and the autho-
rities only waited for his return to remove General
Butler.

THE CRYSTAL PALACE.-SUMMER in
WINTER.—LUXURIOUSLY WARM and DRY.—
Lighted up for promenade until Half-past Six.

THE CRYSTAL PALACE AT NIGHT.-
- A sight alune well worth a journey to Norwood to
see."—Vide Papers.
Lighted up this evening from dusk until half -past Six.

CRYSTAL PALACE.—The WIZARD of the
N,,,RTH and Miss ANDERSON in their WORLD of
MAGIC TO-MORROW.

MR. and Mrs. GERMAN REED, with Mr.
JOHN PARRY. in THE RIVAL COMPOSERS. in
which the Sisters Try will appear, with THE BARD and
HIS BIRTHDAY; and to cone tide with Mlk. ROSELEAF
AT THE SEA-S I OE. By Mr. John Parry. Every Evening
(except Saturday) at Eight ; Saturday Afternoon, at Three.
- -ROYAL GALLERY OF ILLUSTRA TION, 14, Regent-
street. Unreserved seats, ls., 20. ; stalls, Is. ; stall spring
chairs, ss.
OPERA DI CAMERA, the SOLDIER'S LEGACY, by
Mactarren, and TOO MANY COOKS, by Offenbach. Every
TUE'DAY and T EIURSDAY, at Three.

II E 0 X F O R D,
6, OXFORD !STREET, W.
The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).

ORPHEE AUX ENFERS (Offenbach's brilliant Opera
Comique), is achieving an Nriprecedente.t
ut naAnaa ; Hymn to Bacchus;" and
the spirited "Ililliho " Chorus, by Eurydice, Diana, Cupid,
and . bores; the side-splitting "Couplets," by Minerva,
Diana, Venus, Cupid, Pluto, and Chorus; and final Minu-t
and Galop. Principal characters by Misses Russell, Fitz-
henry, Barrie, Tyrrell, and Walmsley; Messrs. Greene and
Lascelles,

Also, M A.m.A.NIELLO, in which Mons. LAVESSI ERE, the
successful I.ew Tenore, from the Theatre Lyrique, Paris, will
make his ppearance.
Musical Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
Comedy, by Mr. WILLIAM RANDALL, Mr. GASTON
MURRAY, LITTLE 808, SEST IL LION, and all the pro-
curable Talent of the day.

CANTERBURY HALL.
The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).

HODGE PODGE,
the most extraordinary Christmas Entertainment in Lon-
don (includ ng the whole strength of the establishment),
every evening at half-past Nine o'clock.
The usual Operatic Selections by Hisses Russell, Barrie,
Hays, Godden, ; Messrs. Lascelles, Harland, Beaumont,
Kimberley, &c.
Musical Director, Mr. P. Jonghmans.

Extra Comedy by Mr. and Mrs. Randal', Mr. Hilton,
Stacey, Woodman, Little Bob, &c.

ROYAL CAMBRIDGE MUSIO HALL,
Commercial-street, Shoreditch.
(Close to the Great Eastern Terminus).
Sole Proprietor, Mr. G. W. NUGEIiT.
SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS.
Operatic Selections, &o. Prima Donna, Miss ELLISON.
The Comic strength of the Company includes ANNIE
ADAMS, NELLY POWER, J. G. FORDE, WEST, GEO.
LEYBOURNE, Mr. HERBERT, J. F. ALEXANDER and
Family; LES FRERES CAVALLINI, the great Italian
Clowns and Gymnasts, from the Cirque Napoleon, Paris,
their first appearance in England.
Permanent prices—Area, 4d. ; balcony, 6d. ; stalls, ls.
Manager and Conductor, Mr. C. GLIE VILLE.

MADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION.
established 29 years at the Bazaar, Baker-street.

—.—
NEW ADDITION.—A Full-length PORTRAIT MODEL
of MULLER, taken from life, and corrected from the Cast
taken by Doctor Donovan, is now added to the Chamber of
Physiognomy.
--- -- -

Open, on BOXIII7, Day only, from 10 a.m. till 10 p.m,; other
days from 11 a.m. till 5 p.m., and from 7 till 10.

Admittance, One Shilling ; extra rooms, Sixpence.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
Piccadilly.
GRAND CASINO. CONCERT. First time in England,
Gungl's new German Toy Waltz. Prince Imperial Quadrille,
Huguenots, Robert le Diable, William Tell, and a variety of
Dance Music.
Conductor, M. LUIGI CURTL
Admission, One Shilling.
Manager, M. GRENET.

E E T H.-IMPROVED MECHANICAL
DENTIS PRY. Professional abilities and great artistic
skill have been most successfully combined in the production
of ARTIFICIAL TEETH upon a new principle. The real
value of the perfection of the art of Dentistry will be experi-
enced by all wishing to avail themselves of professional
assistance by =suiting Mr. AL 31.11-tT, 34, Great Russell-
street, Bloomsbury, whose experience has em.bled him to
effect such admirable, convenient contrivances by artificial
means, and which arc so perfectly efdcitnt.

C IT Y S II 0 W - ROOMS
FOR
GLASS AND CHINA,
147, HOUNDSDITCH.

PEFRIES and SON s"rABLE GLASS,
Cut and Engraved, of the choicest designs.
REFRIES and SONS' DINNER, DESSERT,
and Tea Ware, of the newest patterns.
---
PEFRIES and SONS' LUSTRES, TAZZAS,
and Flower Vases for the present season.
----
REFRIES and SONS' CHANDELIERS,
for the Dining-room, in Bronze, Ormolu, and oilver.
---
REFRIES and SONS' CHANDELIERS'
in Crystal, for the Drawing-room, for Gas or Candles.
---
nEFRIES and SONS' CHANDELIERS,
I_l in Crystal, in the Venetian and Grecian designs, for
India. _
________

DEFRIES and SONS' SPECIAL DESIGNS
in Lamps for India.
DEFRIES and SONS' WALL LIGHT
Chandeliers, in Crystal, for India (Registered).
REFRIES and SONS promptly execute CLUB
1./ Mess, and General Furnishing Orders of China, Glass,

REFRIES and SONS supply MERCHANTS
with Pattern Books and special Desgns.

DEFRIES and SONS have just added Five
el • New Snow-Rooms to their extensive Manufactory.
They have nnw on show the largest assortment in the world
of the above goods or their Gwn manufacture.
MANUFACTORY AND SHO W-ROOMS,
147, Houndsditch.

PR IZ E MEDA L.-INTERNATIONAL
EXHIBITION, 1862.
FRANCIS TUCKER & CO., Wax Chandlers,
To the Queen and the "'gm of Wales.
(Established 1720.)
The Jurors' Report on Wax and Church Candles, in 1862,
testifies to the excellence of the quality of Messrs. Tacker.'
manufacture.
A distinguished Dignitary, in a letter addressed to Francis
Tucker and Co., on the subject of
WAX CANDLES with PLATTED WICKS,
says :
" I have found them fully equal to the recommendation
which you gave them, and can sincerely, in my turn, I com-
mend them to the clergy for the use of the altar."
Finest quality, with latted Wicks, patented.. 2s. 2d. per lb.
Ordinary quality .. 'is. Od. per lb.
VEGETABLE CANDLES, with a .5114 tare of Wax.
Best quality .. is. sd. per lb
Second quality ls. 3d. per lb.
Third quality ls. Id. per lb.
Carriage paid in London on Orders of Five Pounds in value.
FRANCIS TUCKER AND CO.,
South Molton-street, Grosvenor-square. Manufactory—
Kensington (Established 1730).
The largest Establishment in England for the Manufacture
of Was Candles for the use of the Altar.

ORNAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library,
slid Dining-room, consisting of a new and eiegant assort-
ment of VASES, Figures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks, Ink-
stands, oeautiful inlaid Tables, Paper weights, &0., in Italian,
Alabas er, Parian, Marble, Bronze, Derbyshire Spar, &a
Imported and manufactured by JAMMS TENNANT, Mine-
ralogist to her Hajesty, 149, Stand, W.C., London.
Mr. Tennant arranges elementary collections of SHELLS,
lIINEIIALS, ROCKS, and FOSSILS, which will greatly
facilitate the interesting study of MINERALOGY, CON-
CHOLOGY, ind GEOLOGY, at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to 100 guineas
each.

PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GEOLOGY and MINE-
RA.LOGY is elven by Mr. TENNAN f. at 149, Strand W.C.

THE BENEFACTOR OF THE SKIN.-
MOL LARD'S perfumed Toilet Sulphur Soap and
Cream, highly patronised by the faculty, nobility, and gentry.
Nothing equals the properties and qualities of the Soap No.
1 for ordinary toilet purposes, and of Nos. 2 to 5 in all cases
of cutaneous affections or rheumatism.
Perfumed toilet cream, cold cream, and pomatura for the
hair.
Barege cream for sulphur baths, without any disagreeable
odour.
All these preparations may be had at the central depot,
221 A, Regent-street, I.ondon, W. ; and at Rewire. Newbery
and Sons, Barclay and Sons. Edwards, Keating, Saner and
Son, lozeaunetti, and all chemists. Pamphlets and test:-
mon'als tree on a plicat ion.
Agent for Edinburgh—Mr. John Al‘Kay, chemist, 119,
George-street.

DINNEFORD'S FLUID MAGNESIA.
The medical profe Mon for Thirty year. have approved
of this pure solution of Ma Inesia as the best remedy for Gout
and stomach disorders of every kir d ; and as a mild aperient
it is especially adapted f'or ladies and children. Prepared
sole y by
DINNEFORD and CO., Chemists, dre,,
172, New Bond-street, London ;

And sold throughout the world by all respectable chemists.
CAUTION. —See :hat " Dinneford and Co." is on each bottle
and red label over the cork.

" Gen. Ord returned yesterday, and at once pro-
ceeded to the headquarterS of his command, the
24th Army Corps. He had hardly arrived before
he received notification of the removal of Gen. But-
ler, and his otn assignment to the army of the
James.

" Immediately on the promulgation of the order
relieving Gen. Butler, and replacing him by Gen.
Ord, the staff of the army of the James assembled
around the quarters of their late commander, rein-
forced by numerous other officers of the command.
Numerous' would hardly convey an idea of the
number of officers present to bid him farewell. The
general was deeply affected, and expressed his re-
grets at parting with an army which, under his
command, had achieved so much. But any expres-
sions of sorrow were cut short by the rapidity of
the general's arrangements. He had received his
orders to report at Lowell at the earliest moment,
and before 3 p.m. he announced that he was ready
tc7elne
.a vßtl t Theo order
s
eird to
oin this change instructed
Lowell, Mass., and re-
port from thence to the adjutant-general of the
army. Before 3 p.m. the general started for the
North. He was accompanied by Gen. Ord, Gen.
Delis, Gen. Turner, Gen. Ludlow, Capt. Bruce,
Captain Clark, Captain De Kay, Lieutenant Mer-
rill, Medical Director Suckley, Major Davis, and
Captain Wheaton. Never had an order been more
promptly obeyed. All of the above-named offi-
cers accompanied the general to Aikin's Landing,
where he went on board his flagboat, the River
Queen. General Butler was accompanied by Cap-
tains De Kay and Clark, of his personal staff, while
the remaining officers turned their horses' heads
homeward. General. Ord also accompanied General
Butler as far as City Point, where he stopped to see
the lieutenant-general, and returned late last
night."
The New York Tribune publishes the following
letter from its special correspondent relative to the.
Federal attack upon Wilmington and General But-
ler's part in it :

" Fortress Monroe, Jan. 5.
" The late Wilmington expedition having resulted

unsuccessfully, the public—which had a right to hope
if not expect otherwise—big tritsy- seeking for a scape-
goat whereon to visit its maledictions. Commodore
Porter having published a report which, imilliedly
at least, censures Major-Generai Butler, such of the
public as are unaccustomed to thinking for them"-
selves have set about abusing the general exten-
sively. Whether General, Butler shall think it
worth while to controvert the erroneous imputations'
of the Journal I cannot, of course, pretend to say,
but he certainly owes it to himself as well as to his
army that a candid and cotrect report be made of
his own share in that unsuccessful expedition.
Should such a report be ever made, these facts are
pretty certain to be established :—First—That we
did not capture Wilmington. Second—That
General Butler's troops were all embarked
on transports, and at the, rendezvous at Fortress
Monroe at the appointed time, and three days be-
fore the navy was ready to co-operate. And third,
'That arrived off New Inlet on the night of the 15th
December, the general's transports lay waiting,
anxious and impatient, the 16th, 17th, and 18th,
with weather the most delightful, and the sea as
calm as an in and lake, while the fleet, still not ready,
was off at Beaufort taking in supplies and ammuni-
tion. On the 19th the weather thickened and grew
stormy, and on the 20th a gale prevailed, rendering

it utterly impossible to keep the transports together;
moreover, his transports had been supplied by direc-
tion of Gen. Grant for ten days only, and that time
being now up, it became necessary to put into New-
bern for additional supplies. Fourth—Deserters and
prisoners captured by our land forces unite in stat-
ing that up to so late even as the 20th there was
not a garrison inside of Fort Fisher exceeding 400
men, nor 1,500 effective troops to be had to make
any resistance whatever ,to our advance, had we
been able to have moved at the time when General
Butler was there ready and willing to commence.
The fatal unreadiness on the part of the navy dur-

ing those three beautiful days of the 16th, 17th, and
18th December must be put down as the cause of
the failure of the expedition ; as, when the transports
got back again from Newbern, and the navy was
at length ready to commence the fight, the
garrison of Fort Fisher had been strength-
ened, and at least two divisions of troops
from Richmond had been transferred for the de-

fence of Wilmington, so that when Gen. Weitzel
finally effected a landing, he found the fort strongly
manned, and a force scarcely, if at all, less than his
own ready to engage his rear whenever he under-
took to assault the fort. Had. General Butler been
a man of less moral courage he might have ordered
his men to uselessly hurt themselves against Fort
Fisher, as General Gordon Granger, on the 6th of
August last, ordered General M'Ginn to hurl his
900 effective troops under his command against Fort
Morgan, garrisoned by 700 men, and having 10 guns
bearing towards the plain over which they were to
move. General Weitzel's force was larger, but
there were some 16 or 17 guns mounted in Fort
Fisher, sweeping the plain when he was to advance
his assaulting line with batteries to enfilade the
attacking line when it approaching the works.
Fifth. General Butler did what no good officer could
fail of doing under the same circumstances. He
withdrew his-men and re-embarked them when he
found that to undertake to go forward would only
result in uselessly leading them to slaughter. There
might have been more glory in a course which would
have afforded greater carnage, but doubtless the tear-
ful wives and mothers and sisters at home, watching
in fear and trembling for the lists of wounded or
readilyh acquit the general for his decision,
history will assuredly count this
mistakes, whatever may be the judg-
wknmioh
ne t
among
w i l l
to-dayhisimpartial
of
uncandid,
misinformed, or partisan
newspapers. Finally, it may be owing to the public
to know that neither the President nor the Lieut.-
General, having the facts before them, blame Gen.
Butler for the non-success of this undertaking, nor
ascribe to him the fault of having been the cause of
its resulting as it did."

DR. SCOTT'S LIVER AND BILLIOUS
PILLS.—A NEVER FAILING REM EDY.—Pre-
dro. For habitual
,ared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr.
'-oP:taimvesn' egissd,and as a purifier
-,cott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who
'utTer from bilious and liver complaints, indigesticn, wind,
of the blood, they are truly excellent; mild in their opera-
dasinfiss familydlzzianpeigieonf
tthmeed7ceins,e,
'ion and grateful to •he stomach, they create appetite, pro-
mots digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system.
sold by W. Lambert, 8, King William-street, Charing-cross.
London, and by moot druggists, in boxes,ls. 14d., and three
times the quantity in one, 2s. 9d. Be sure to ask for Dr.
Scott's Billo us and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square
gre Pankage. With " William Lounbert,". engraved on the
stamp,

THE. MISSION TO RICHMOND.
Relative to Mr. Blair's mission to Richmond, the
New York Tribune contains the following despatch
" WASHINGTON, Jan. 9, 1865.
6i Francis F. Blair, sem, went on hie second

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JA.NLIARY 23, 1865.

The Russian Budget

sion of peace to Richmond. on Saturday. His son,
Montgomery Blair, did not accompany him. Passes
from the Confederate authorities, civil and military
(delay in the receipt of which, at Grant's headquar-
ters, had induced Mr. Blair last week to return to
Washington) had been transmitted to him here, and
will enable him to continue his journey to Richmond
without interruption. He is, doubtless, in that city.
It is known here that Mr. Blair will propose to the
Davis Government a scheme of pacification resting
fundamentally on a return of. the rebellious States
to the Union. Whatever political and moral ad-
vantages may be derived to us from this tender
of the olive branch, no hope is entertained here that
Mr. Blair's mission will have the success of initiat-
ing negotiations for peace. The condition of re-
union will be fatal to his or any other envoy's
labours. George D. PrentiCe, of the Louisville
Journal, who has been in •Richmond for over a
month, on his arrival here through our lines, of
which he seems to have the run, reported to Ken-
tuckians in the house of his own sympathies that
the Jeff. Davis government had conclusively re-
solved to free and arm the slaves, and th.a.t 200,000
of them would soon be equipped and put into the
field to fight us under the stimulus of the promise
of their own liberty and that of their wives and
children, and of a proprietary interest in the soil.
-In this desperate-war -poiteyliitergene'nien hear
Jeff. Davis's reply to Francis Blair's proposition for
peace."
The correspondent of the same journal, writing
from Washington, says :
" A very much greater quantity of cotton than
was reported was found in Savannah. On the sug-
gestion of an eminent member of Congress from the
West, the collector of the port of New York was
sent down there, probably to take possession of the
whole of it, and ship it to New York, for sale for
account of the Federal Government. He will pro-
bably dispose of the entire batch of claimants by
giving them certificates of his appropriation of the
property at the present Savannah valuation, to be
paid for at a future day on proof of ownership."

ST. PETERSBURG, Jan. 17.

The Budget for 1865, just published, is accom-
panied by a lengthy report to the Emperor from the
Finance Minister, the most important passages of
which are the following :

" The estimate for all departments of the Admi-
nistration are drawn up in a new form since 1863,
in accordance with the decrees to that effect. This
proceeding enables the Council of - the Empire to
scrutinise narrowly the grounds for all demands,
and gives the Budget the importance of an actual
financial bill. This is not only the case with regard
to the totals assigned to the respective departments
as was customary previous to 1862, but prevents
the transfer of sums voted for one item being ap-
plied to another without an especial decree. This
reform, indispensable for a regular and well ordered
State, encountered various difficulties in the first
two years, so that it was impossible to lay the Bud-
gets for 1863 and 1864 before his Majesty ,for .ap-
proval until May. This year, however, the obstacles
have been removed, and the Budget for 1865 can
therefore be submitted to the Emperor at the
appointed time.
"In the Budget for 1864 the total receipts were
estimated at 346,244,000 roubles; in the Budget
for 1865 they are calculated at 349,945,000
roubles. An increase is expected in the follow-
ing items :—About 5,000,000 roubles upon spirit-
ous liquours, as the brandy duty has been raised
25 per cent., while several facilities have been
given to the brewing trade. The increase of the
duty, as was to be expected, occasioned a reductioh
consumption, while the revenue rose. Two
measures have also been taken to reduce the 'con-
sumption of brandy in 1865 still further, without in-
jury to the revenue. The normal quantity distillers
are allowed to fabricate has been increased, and the
duty upon licences to sell brandy, the number of
which had recently much augmented, has been
raised. From these two measures an advantage of
5,500,000 roubles is expected to accrue to the re-
venue, while the increased facilities afforded to the
brewers will produce a decrease over half a million.
An increase of 463,000 roubles is expected from the

duty upon traders' licences. The duty on home
manufactured tobacco is expected to yield half a
million more in 1865. The profit upon the copper
coinage gives about the same sum. The postal re-
ceipts have risen 280,000 roubles, those from tele-
graphic service 172,000. The revenue from State
property has increased 3,250,000 roubles. Com-
munal dues are placed at 1,230,000 roubles higher
than in 1864, in proportion to the increased expen-
diture met from this source and especially applied
to the cost of post horses. The casual revenue has
increased 2,178,000 roubles. The total increase

from these and a few other unimportant sources
shows an excess of income of 16,814,000 roubles for
1865 over 1864.

" A reduction of the revenue has taken place in
the following respects :—A decrease of 1,479,000
roubles upon the direct taxes, owing to the
grant of certain immunities to workers in mines
and factories, the equalisation of some classes of tax-
payers with other classes, &c. These immunities
have been chiefly occasioned by the abolition of serf
dom. The frontier customs duties have fallen off
6,800,000 roubles. Of this sum the decrease of
1,800,000 roubles is due to the removal of the export
dutyupon goods and upon raw cotton, while the re-
mainder is chiefly occasioned by the fact that the re-
venue from imported sugar and tea for the current bud-
get was estimated according to the actual import of
1863, but asthatproved to be an abnormalyear it was
thought sounder to calculate these articles at their

former usual rate. Chancery fees, fees for merchants,
licenses, and fees generally have yielded less by
1,180,000 roubles in 1864 than in 1863. The rent
paid for Crown lands has apparently diminished
2,837,000 roubles, but part of this increase has been
transferred to the following item (ground-rent paid
by State peasants and other settlers upon Crown
lands), so that in reality no loss occurs. All the
above items, with a few of minor importance, show
a reduction of income amounting to 13,110,000
roubles, an actual increase of revenue of 3,704,000
roubles over 1864 being thus established.
" The expenditure of the Budget for 1864, in-
cluding the extraordinary military and naval items,
was estimated at 392,727,000 roubles ; for 1865 it
is 372,343,000. roubles, showing a reduction of
20,384,000.
" A larger increase of expenditure is shown in the
following items :—An amount of 4,652,000 roubles
to the debt ofthe Empire for payments to the Anglo-
Dutch loan, for Treasury notes, and for the Metallies
and 5 per cent. notes issued by the Bank of the Em.
pire to strengthen its resources. An increase of
404,000 roubles is charged to the clerical depart-

expenditure already obtained, your Majesty has
found it possible to turn our credit at home to pro-
ductive account by the 5 per cent. prize loan. The
result of this operation secures the certainty of
speedy completion to the very-important railway line
from Moscow to the Black Sea, and permits the
Bank of the empire further to develope its operations
for the benefit of trade and commerce.
" In the Budget for 1864 the general deficit which
had to be covered from extraordinary resources
amounted to 46,468,000 roubles; in the Budget for
1865, owing to the increase of revenue and the dimi-
nution of expenditure, it only reaches 22,398,000
roubles. To cover this sum it is proposed to issue
four series of Treasury-notes, amounting to 12 mil-
lion roubles, to employ the remainder of the A nglo-
Dutch loan, being 7,484,000 roubles, and to make
up the. 2,913,000 roubles required from the sums
advanced by the Treasury towards the construction
of the Southern Railway line, and which were to be
repaid from the home loan."

The report ends with an expression of the Minis-
ter's hope that the time is near at hand when. the
extraordinary expenses occasioned by political events
may be omitted without danger, and the resources
of the Empire be fully available for the great re-
forms undertaken by the Emperor, and the improve-
ment of the material condition of the great bulk of
the people.

temarkabTe Photographic Experiments.

The Florence correspondent of the Morning Post, writing
on the 7th inst., reports the details of most remarkable
photographic experiments on the eye of a murdered per-
qcn. It appears that on the 13th April, 2d June, and 22d
of August last year, three murders were committed in
Florence, in almost precisely similar circumstances, the
victims in each case being lodginghouse keepers. In each
case the corpse was discovered lying on the floor, with the
throat cut from ear to ear, a pool of blood below her head,
but only there—no marks of blood in any other part of the
room—and a pocket-handkerchief, the property of some
one unknown, close to her person. The trinkets and money
which she was supposed to have about her had disappeared,
as well as other articles in the house. As no cries had been
heard by the neighbours, the conclusion come to by the
Florence police was to the effect that the murder had been
perpetrated, in all probability, by two assassins, who had
obtained admittance into when the house the poor woman
was alone, under the pretext of wishing to see and hire her
rooms ; that one of them had suddenly thrown a pocket-
handkerchief over her mouth and brought her to the
ground, and that, when thus held fast and her cries effec-
tually stifled, his accomplice had cut her throat. Such
was the conclusion come to by the police, and, in parti-
cular, by its chief officer—the Capo Commesso di Publica
Vigilanza, Leopoldo Viti—who, amongst other steps taken
by him in each case, applied to the higher administra-
tive and legal authorities on whom he was de-
pendent for permission to have the eyes of the
murdered woman photographed—an application which,
in the belief that the granting it could lead to no
practical result, was twice refused. Suspicion meanwhile
pointed to a young man, Benjamin°. de Cossimo, who on
the occasion of the first murder suddenly disappeared from
Florence, and was known to have re-aypeared at the time
of the third murder. He was arrested, and in his possession
were found articles belonging to the last murdered woman,
Emilia Spagnoli, and a blood-stained knife, the blood
freshly shed. He now awaits his trial. Meantime the
application by the Chief of Police in the third case was
granted, and the experiments, with the results, are thus
reported by the correspondent :—Under the direction of
Marabotti, the examining judge, -or Giudica d'lstruzione, a
series of photographic experiments have been carried on,
not for the special purpose of furnishing additional criminal
evidence for conviction (as the other evidence, with that
view, is believed to be superabundant), but in order to es-
tablish a general principle, or law, of universal or very fre-
quent application. Emilia Spagnoli was found lying on her
left side, her large, glazed right eye being turned upwards.
The eye was photographed immediately after her decease.
The photograph then taken has been reproduced in a
greatly magnified form, so greatly magnified as to allow the
lineaments of a human face, two inches in length, to stand
out distinctly from the same. When I mention that
Alinari, the first photographer of Florence, and indeed
possessing a European reputation, was th, artist by whom
work was executed, '1 neetils,ty---noti king inor6" as a
guarantee of the fidelity and care"44ll4ed ou time occasion.
From the tracing of the dim and nelittiiiiis outline, as actually
found on the eye, to the completed outline of the face executed
from that tracing by an artist who had never seen Benja-
mino do Cossimo, or any portrait of the man, and, again,
from that completed outline to the two photographs
of himself found in his possession at the time
~f his arrest—the transition, whether viewed as an
artistic study or as a great question of medical jurispru-,
deuce, opens up inquiries of unsurpassed interest and im-
portance. lam not, indeed, prepared to affirm that the
first tracing in the series, as shown to me yesterday, by
the courtesy of the Judge of Instruction, Signor Marabotti,
at his official chambers, so completely resembles the photo-
graph of the living man, that were I placed in a jury box,
my verdict would be determined by the belief in their
identity, but of the following fact there cannot be the pos-
sibility of a doubt. • Whatever there is of marked, promi-
nent, individual in that first nebulous profile has an exactly
corresponding feature in the likeness of the living prisoner.
A peculiar dilatation of the nostril, a depression in the
centre of the upper lip (Benjamino du Cossimo has lost
his two front teeth), an unusual elongation of the mouth,
a square but double chin, a certain massiveness about the
region of the cheek-bone, and the outline of a whisker, are
common to both. I purposely confine myself, in the pre-
sent letter, to a simple statement of facts—of the circum-
stances under which these murders were perpetrated, the
consequent photographic experiments instituted, and the
result obtained, of which I was myself yesterday an eye-
witness. There are very distinguished anatomists—per-
sons, too, deeply versed in all the laws of optics—who
affirm that the whole thing is a mere freak of nature, to
which no importance whatever should be attached. .

ment, mainly to improve the position of the orthodox
clergy in the Western governments. The Widows'
and Orphans' Pension Fund in the Finance Depart-
ment requires an increase of 900,000 roubles, and
the funds to meet the charge of collecting the taxes
make a demand for 2,959,000 roubles additional.

I am happy to add that Signor Marabotti, with whom,
from his official position, the prosecution of these in-
quiries rests, has evidently brought to his task a spirit,
worthy in all respects of a countryman of Galileo. 4Uhe
photographs, with all the accompanying and illustrative
details, have been transmitted not only to the medical col-
leges of Florence, but also to the medical colleges of
Naples and Milan ; and, by the authority of the Prefect
of Florence, Count Cantelli, a series of photographic ex-
periments will be instituted on the eyes of the patients in
the hospital immediately after their decease.

" The expenditure in the Ministry of the Interior
has increased 413,000 roubles in the Ministry for
Public. Instruction 201,000 roubles, in the chief
postal administration 709,000 roubles, and in the
chief office of Works and Roads 1,652,000 roubles.
On the other hand, the amount fixed for the gua-
rantee of private railway companies has been reduced
owing to the rapid rise in their gross receipts, from
from 6,500,000 roubles, as stated in 1864, to
3,500,000 now. The chief reduction of expenditure
has been gained in the Ministries of War and Ma-
rine, by the replacement of those services upon a
peace footing. This amounts in the War Depart-
ment to 24,462,000 roubles, in the Marine Depart-
ment to 4,258,000, but, nevertheless, is still higher
than the normal estimate in time of peace.
" In view of the considerable reduction of the war ,

A SOMERSETSHIRE MYSTERY.—For the last few
days the good people of Yatton have discovered that
a mysterious agency is at work in their parish, and high
and low, clergy and laity, have as yet been unable to ex-
plain the matter. On the road leading fromYatton to
Cleeve, and not far from Hollow Mead, is a detached
cottage, inhabited by a family named Beacham, and it
appears that a few nights ago one of the children, a little
boy, was heard by his parents, whilst in bed, making a
noise as if driving away a cat or a dog. He complained
that something was scratching at the bed clothes, and a
search was made for the intruder, but its whereabouts was
not apparent. On the following night the scratching was
continued, and now a loud rapping succeeded that was
plainly heard by all in the house.• Puzzled as to the rea-
son of the noises, the Beachams mentioned the subject to
the neighbours, and they having visited the premises heard
the noise likewise, and, after a rigid investigation acknow-
ledged themselves unable to solve the mystery. As might
be expected, an affair of this nature soon spread through
the whole of the village, and crowds flocked together
to listen to the raps, which became louder and louder.
Nor was the excitement confined to the humbler class,
for the vicar of the parish, the Rev. H. J. Barnard,
and Mr. Hurd, amongst others, proceeded to the spot, and
having listened to the rappings and scratchings, confessed
themselves in the \ dark as to the reason for the disturdbawnicelci
On Sunday, to crown the ghostly noises, e_
laughter were audible, while the raps continued unabated.
uaarnneq toerd .
One peculiarity in this matter is that the soun
and
before
frequently heard in the morning than at night,.tled villagers,
breakfast time the cottage is filled by
who listen to them with breathless
almost needless to add that the ciliwaeselling
near, the difficulty
searched, and there being no other
iso
increased. Sometimes
n
of accounting for the manifestation astonishment.. s tariiasboe It
well is
• of raps resembling the
there will be heard a sharp
violent blows struck with
baos
with whom the matter com-
wanildl setheemsctrao betchliiknge
clapping of hands, and then sttehore: ets Osutincdsk,
prevails constantly. The'th mingledy feelings of awe;pity, and
menced is regarded
measure the cause of the uproar, and sure
e n dread,ou is, although narrowly watched, it would
'sfelPt ilblusThPeaarlpd,itaptrieovnenotsf
be quite
• idle to exclaim, " Cease dat knocking.”—Bristol
Daily Post.
h"wihnerseom hee
the utmost dread of impending suffoca-
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