The Sun.
London, England, 1865-09-26 00:00:00

ANRICA.

(Prom a Correspondent of the Times.)
PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 12.
The recent remarks of the Times deprecating any
cessation of peaceful relations between England and
the United States have been received with marked

attention throughout America. That our people
are hostile to England, thatthey avail themselves of
every opportunity, of every public meeting—no
matter for what purpose it may be called—to heap
abuse upon England, and to apparently stir up dis-
sension between the two countries, no one will deny;
but the hostility goes no further than mere talk ; it
is only the froth of the orator, not the heartfelt de-
sire prompted iby real or fancied wrongs. It is the
fashion withus to abuse England, as it is the fashion
with England to ridicule America, and has been for
years ; and though our newspapers are filled with
invective, and everything that turns up, whether it
be a border raid, a rebellion, or an epidemic, is re-
garded by them as a just cause for immediate war,
no one who truly understands the American people
anticipates for an instant that war will ever begin.
The ties between England and the United States
are far too strong to be broken by an ordinary ex-
..

citement, and with us the talk of war has con-

tinned too long the universal custom for any one to
believe it serious. If the war tide gets too high,
prudent counsellors at once appear, and it ebbs
again. Ever since the war of 1812 this course has

continued, and for two generations our people have
lashed themselves into periodical excitement against
England, but the enmity was only on the surface.
Beneath was always found a settled idea, that while
it was fine to abuse England it was net at all

necessary to go to war with her. The true Ameri-
can feeling was shown when the Prince of Wales
_ . _

visited us. No popular American chieftain was

ever received more tenderly or more kindly treated
than he. The entire American nation was at his
feet, and were he to come again the sell-same story
would be told of us. To-day a company of English
capitalists are travelling through the United States,
attended with the most jealous care by the people,

having every want supplied and every wish antici-
pated, and yet, in the midst of all, the abuse of Eng-
land continues. A stranger visiting us might well
think all this invective meant something; he might
believe the Fenians, parading about with tawdry
banners, howling against England in uncouth Celtic,
were not the most harmless set of people in the world,
and could well be excused for his mistake, for when
he really found us out he would discover as the brave
Tatnall did in the China seas, " that blood was
thicker than water," and that while America some-
times said hard things of her mother she never came
to blows.

The great assurance that there can be no war is
the feeling of the Government of the United States.
The President and all his Cabinet consider that the
breaking of peaceful relations would be very foolish,
and they are prepared to make any honourable sacri-
fice to maintain them. They have an econimical fit,
too; a war would cost money, and nothing could
now induce them to spend it. The people are crying
out for retrenchment, and so earnestly has the Pre-
sident laboured to save money that he has at length,
by dismissing subordinates and disbanding armies,
reduced the expenditure of the Government within
the revenue. The machine has run down, and so
pleased are all at the prospect of relief from its bur-
dens that no excitement against England, however

great, can for many a long year wind it up to the
tension necessary for a war. The army has been re-
duced until now barely 200,000 soldiers are on the
rolls, and of these between 5,000 and 8,000 are dis-
banded weekly. No ordinary excitement can again
s svell the ranks, and the Federal army at present under
arms is too busily engaged in keeping the Indians
quiet and guarding various rebellious spots still exist-
ing in the South, to be spared for Canadian forays
or transport across the ocean. No Englishman need
fear an American war, and the louder we blow the
trumpet of abuse the greater assurance he may have
that there is nothing but wind in it.
The standing army of the Unitid States on Sept. 1

consisted of 18,000 regulars, 100,000 white volun-
teers,
and 90,000 negroes. Of these 150,000 were
in the field, 20,000 in hospital, and the others either
absent on leave or preparing for muster out of the
service. Large redactions are still to be made in
the army, for the President intends at a very early
day to substitute for the troops now garrisoning the
Southern States the old-time militia force under the
control of the State Governments. By Jan. 1 the
only United States' troops needed will be those in
the Indian country on the Rio Grand; and the
garrisons of the forts along the Atlantic and Gulf
coasts. The Southern States will be free from mili-
tary control, excepting by their own State Militia.
The President, on the Ist September, wrote to Go-
vernor Sharkey, of Mississippi
It is believed there can be organised in each county a
force of citizen militia to preserve order and enforce the
civil authority of the State and of the United States, which
would enable the Federal Government to reduce the army
and withdraw to a great extent its forces from the State,
thereby reducing the enormous expenses of the Govern-
ment."

The President began with Mississippi because it
was the first State the Reconstruction Convention of
which had met and re-established the State Govern-
ment, and he will follow the same course in every
other State as fast as the Conventions meet and
restore the laws. Governor Sharkey has begun the
formation of his militia, and the Federal military
authorities, who had first prohibited it, have been
ordered to keep their hands off. The withdrawal
of Federal troops has begun, and they are assem-
bling at Jackson, preparatory to going North. So
much pleased are the people with the prospective re-
storation of the civil power that the Jackson (Mis-
sippi) Daily News has nominated Andrew Johnson
for the next presidency. The Radicals curse him
more bitterly than ever, and on all sides threaten an
impeachment ; but the Democrats gradually draw
more closely to him, and before very long he will
receive their heartiest support.
That the President is bent on a very Conservative
course there is not the slightest doubt, and addi-
tional evidences are dailygiven that he meditates an
universal amnesty. His views on the question of
confiscation have undergone a complete change, and
by recent orders all confiscations of Southern pro-
perty are stopped, and although a legal course of
confiscation is pointed out, it is with so many checks
and obstacles that very few estates can be seized.
Ile has ordered the military all through the South
to allow the people the most enlarged liberty com-
patible with the preservation of order and the secu-
rity of emancipation. Trade restrictions are an-
nulled ; the mere swearing to support the Constitu-
tion of the United States makes a man a citizen ;
men whom the Southern people indicate are made
their civil officers ; and. to the States Conventions is
left the exclusive right of designating who shall be
voters. The South is being restored to its original
independence andprosperity as rapidly as the poverty
of the people and the awful desolations of war will
allow. The only thing
marring the
the
happy proect
is the fear in some quarters of a war between
whites and blacks, and, to prevent this, the garri-
sons in the interior of Georgia and Alabama have
been strengthened, and arms taken away from
both blacks and whites. It is thought the vigilance
of the military can keep off an intestine war,
but there certainly is much bad blood con-
tinually visible.
Mr. Seward, who has for some time past been
labouring in the cause of Maximilian, has at length
convinced the President and all the Cabinet but Mr.
Harlan, Secretary of the Interior, that Maximilian
is really the ruler of Mexico ; that the Juarists are
broken up ; and that the wisest course for the
-United States to pursue is to treat Maximilian as
the Emperor and ultimately recognise his govern-
ment. Several Cabinet Councils have been held in
which Harlan so strenuously supported Juarez and
urged the President to send him aid, that the Pre-
sident at the last meeting rebuked him for his en-
deavours to embroil the country in a foreign war.
The President is not yet prepared to recognise Maxi-
milian, but the recognition will come some day, and
at present the policy of the country is fixed not to
give Juarez the slightest encouragement.
These are very lively times in Missouri, and all
other questions are absorbed in the paramount one
raised by the refusal of the clergymen and others to
taker the test oath imposed by the new Constitution.
Ms oath is not only required of clergymen, but of