The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-06 00:00:00

UNIFORM with NIMMO'S POETS.—The
CASQUET of GEMS. Price 38. 6d. Illustrated.

UNIFORM with NIMMO'S POETS.-
BUNYAN'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS and HOLY
WAR. Price 3s. 6d. Illustrated.

UNIFORM with NIMMO'S POETS.—The
ARABIAN NI 11-ITS' ENTERTAINMENTS, ? vols.,
price 3s. 6d. each. Illustrated.

UNIFORM with NII.IIIIIO'S POETS.—The
Complete WORKS of WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE,
2 vols., price 3s. 6d. each. Illustrated.

UNIFORM with NIMMO'S POETS.—The
LIVES of the B tISII POETS. with specimens of
their Writings. Price 3s. 6d. Illustrated.

MUDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY.—First-class
Subscription, for a constant succession of the newest
Bouks, One Guinea per annu comme ,tins at any dato.
Cliks B Subscription, Half-a-Guinea per annum. Prospec-
tus s postage free on app ication.-11IUDIE'S SELECT
LIBRARY ,Limited), New Oxford-street, Lo❑don.

Sold by Simpkin, Mar-hall, and Co., price 7d., in cloth 13d.,
a New Work on the Teeth, entitled
PURE DENTISTRY, and WHAT IT DOES
FOR Us. By A. RFKELL. Grosvenor-street, W.
'• From the great success of the previous work on Dental
Surgery by the same author we anticipate the above will be
read with avidity by all classes who are interested in discri-
minating between pure and meretricious dentistry."
John C. Clements, Little Pulteney-street.

GLASS, CHINA, EARTHENWARE, and
CHANDELIER DHOW ROOMS.
NOtlca of Removal In consequence of the late Fire.

J DEFRIES and SONS' Temporary SHOW
• ROOMS.
16 and 17, COMMERCIAL-STREET, WHITEC►TAPEL,
Five Minu:eB' walk from their Late Est.bllshment,
147, lIOUNDSDITOIL

CRYSTAL and BRONZED CHANDELIERS, New Designs,
for the Dining and Drawing-room, either for
Gas or Candle.
JDEFRIES and SONS, 16 and 17,
• COMMERCIAL-STREET.

PETROLEUM LAMPS and WALL LIGHTS, MIRRORS

(for India).
j DEFRIES and SONS, 16 and 17,
ci • COMMERCIAL-STREET.

TAVERN AND HOTEL GLASS.
Newest Patterns, Correct Measure.
T DEFRIES and SONS,
CP • 16 and 17, COMMERCIAL-STREET.

ALEXANDRA DINNER SERVICES,
For 12 Persons, £1 18s. 6d.
T DEFRIES and SONS,
tl • 16 and 17. COMM RCIAL-bTREET.

TABLE GLASS. CHINA, and EARTHENWARE.
CLUB, MESS, and FURNISHING ORDERS for the above
GOODS promptly executed.
T DEFRIES and SONS supply Designs and
tl • Pattern Books Free.
Works—LONDON and BIRMINGHAM.

NOVELTIES for the PRESENT SEASON.—
AMOTT COMPANY, 61 and 62, ST. PAUL'S
CHURCHYARD.

FANCY SILKS in GREAT VARIETY.

PLAIN GLACES in NEW SHADES.

RICH MOIRE ANTIQUES, 2- Guineas.

BLACK SILK DRESSES, 1 Guinea.

STRIPED and CHECKED SILKS, £1 55.

BLACK SILKS, 33 inches wide, £1 17s. 6cl.

BLACK and COLOURED GROS GRAINS,
38. 9th

RICH CORDED SILKS, 2s. 9d.

MOURNING SILKS and CRAPES CHEAP.

NEW SNOW FLAKE WINSEYS, Bs. 11d.

NEW MOUNT ST. BERNARD, 12s. 9d.

NEW SCARBOROUGH CHAMBRAYS,
16s. 9d.

THE REGALIA SERPENTINE, 18s. 9d.

NEW MARINE SERGES, 12s. 6d.

TRUXILLO LAMB JACKETS, 1

NEW DEVNA SNOW FLAKE JACKETS.

NTEW ASTRACAN JACKii.
11

NEW SHORT VELVET JACKETS, 30s.

SNOWDEN'S WATERPROOF CLOAKS,
125. 9d.

CRYSTAL WAREHOUSES.—In. Consequence
of the increased magnitude of our business tr insactinns,
the Crystal Warehouses have now become the LEADING
FEATURE OF THE METROPOLIS. and are daily
crowded by ADMIRING THOUSANDS, bearing testi-
mony to the many advantages to be derived in patronising
Messrs. JOSOTT COMPANY, where every BRILLIANT
NOVELTY is always to be seen. FASHION and GOOD
TASTE at moderate remunerative charges, accompanied
with CIVILITY and STRICT BUSINESS ATTEN-
TION.

AMOTT COMPANY, 61 and 62, ST. PAUL'S-
CHURCHYARD.

SWEET OPOPONA X, PIESSE and LUBIN'S
new Perfume.—OPO PO AX fs a native flower of
Mexico of rare fragrance. This scent, and a thousand others
for choice, 'is. 6d. and ss. each. Sold by all fashionable
chemists and perfumers.— Laboratory of Flowers, 2, New
Bond-street, London.

MR. HOWARD, SURGEON-DENTIST, 52,
leet-street, has introduced an entirely new descrip-
tion of ARTIFICIAL TEETH, fixed without springs, wires,
or ligatures. They so perfectly resemble the natural teeth
as not to be distinguished frodl the originals by the closest
observer; they will never change colour or decay, and will
be found superior to any teeth ever before used. This
method does not require tie extraction of roots, or any pain-
ful operation, and will support and preserve teeth that are
loose, and is guaranteed to restore articulation and mastica-
tion. Decayed teeth stopped and rendered sound and useful
in mastication.

52, Fleet-street. At home from 10 till 5.

CANTERBURY HALL.
KO KO RI KO.
This wonderful entertainment, having proved the greatest
hit ever made, will be repeated EV ERY EVENING, in ad-
dition to the Operatic Sele3tions, supported by the whole
talent of the e,tab!ishment.

Comedy, Burlesque, and Ballet by Mrs. and Mr. Randall,
Messrs. Durlah and Davies, the D'Aubans, Mons. Alex-
andre, mimic, and the Sisters Dashwood, their first appear-
ance.

Director, Mr. F. Jongmans.
All visitors to London at this season should see the above
entertainment.

MADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION.-
Established 30 years, at the Bazaar. Baker-street.

N14.1W ADDITIONS.—Iu accordance with the season, the
Exhibition has been entirely re-embellished. The whole of
the ancient Court Dresses of the most costly description,
faithfully copied from the most minute pictures, have been
renewed. Mode. n Cou 't Dresses of the most splendid de-
scription, selected from the first houses in Paris and London,
and probably never equalled or surpassed, are now ou view.

Life-size Models of DOCTOR E. W. PRITCHARD and
CONSTANCE KENT are now added.

Open from 11 a.m. tin 10 p.m.
Admittance, One Shilling; Extra Rooms, Sixpence.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
Piccadilly.—GßAND CASINO and MUSICAL PRO-
MENADE is N OW OPEN for the Season.
Musical Director, M. LUIGI CURTI.
Xlansg,er, MODS. GRENET.
The Band plays nightly Seleztions from the most eminent
Composers.
Doors open at half-past 8 o'clock; close five minutes to 12
o'clock.
Admission to Promenade, One Shilling.

THE WELLINGTON, ST. JAMES'S-STREET.
Set DINNERS served, at five minutes' notice, from Four to
the p.m., at 2s. 6d., 3s fid., 43. 64 , and 7s. each.

ELEGANT SALOON DINING ROOMS,
for Ladies and Families.
Prices on the "Carte" mo•ierate.
Private ioo.-ns for Large or Small Partief.
Reading,, Smokitw, and Billiard Rooms.
BREAKFASTS and LUNCHEONS.
D. CAMERON.
Entrances--160, Piccadilly, and 49, St. James's-street.

SPANISH FLY is the acting ingredient in
ALEX. ROSS'S Cilig HAR I DES 0I L. which speedily
produces whiskers and thickens hair. 3s. 6d. ss. 61 , and Os
6d .; sent tree for 54, 84, and 141 stamps.—AL EL ROSS, 248,
Iligh Holborn, London.

WONDERFUL DISCOVERY.—Corns cured
in one thy by using ALEX. ROS CHM) PO.
This preparation gradually dissolves the corn in a few hours,
removing the very root. Price 4a , sent by post for 60 stamps
—248, Hig,rh Holborn, London.

IFIAIR-CURLING FLUID, 248, High Holborn,
London.—A.LEX, ROSS'S CURLING FLUID curls
Ladies' or Gentlemen's hair immediately it is app lied. Sold
at 3s. 6d., ss. 6d., and 10s. 6d. ; sent free for 51, 81, and 141
stamps. Ross's Toilet Magazine, is. 6d., or 20 stamps.

GREY HAIR.-248, High Holborn, London.—
ALEX. ROSS'S HAIR DYE produces a perfect colour
immediately it is used. It is permanent, and perfectly na-
tural in effe It. Price 3s. Rd , ss. 61, and 108. tid. ; sent by
post for 54, 84, and 144 stamps.

HAIR DESTROYER, 248, High Holborn,
London.—ALEX.`ROSS'S DEPILATORY removes,
without effect to the skin, superfluous hair from the face,
neck, and arms. 35. 6d., 55. 6d., and 10s. 6d. ; sent the same
day as ordered by post for 51, 84, and 144 stamps.

Lately published, id., sent free by post for two stamps,
AN ESSAY upon the HUMAN HAIR : Its
Close Analogy to Vevetation, and its Repro3uction by
the Stimulant Spanish Fly or Cantharides.—By ALEX.
ROSS, 248, High Holborn. London.

PIMPLE REMOVER.—AII diseases of the skin
are improved by one dose of ALEX. ROSS'S VEGE-
TABLE SKIN PILL. They remove redness, sallowness,
Szo. 2s. 9d. and 7e. 6d. ; or by post for 40 and 100 stlmps.
ALEX. ROSS, 248, High Holborn, London_

DINNEFORD'S FLUID MAGNESIA.
The medical prole •sion for Thirty year^ have ap proved
of this pure solution of Ma ,nesia as the best remedy for Gout
and stomach disorders of every kir d ; and as a mild aperient
it is esrecially adapted for ladies and children. Prepared
solely by
DINNEFORD and CO., Chemists, &0.,
172, New Bond-street, London ;
And sold throughout the world by all respectable chemists,
CAUTION.—See that " Dinnetord and Co." is on each bottle
and red label over the cork.

PURE WATER versus CHOLERA AND OTHER
DISEASES.

THE LONDON AND GENERAL WATER
PURIFYING COMPANY (Limited) SUPPLY on
HIRE or SALE in the Metropolis and its suburbs, and on
sale in the country, their PATENT CISTERN FILTER,
which filters and purifies all the water used in th house,
whether for culinary or drinking purposes, at the rate of half
a gallon to four gallons per minute, requiring no filing or
attention from servants. Wster tested free of charge. Test-
inz apparatus easily used. Sold by the Company.
For prices and terms apply to the Secretary, 15, Strand,
W.C., where testimonials from Dr. Lethety and other emi-
nent authorities, and the filters in operation, may be seen.

NOTHING IMPOSSIBLE.—The greatest and
most upet ul invention of the day, AGITA AMARE LL
Messrs. JOHN GOSNELL and CO., 12, Three King-court,
Lombard. street, London, Perfumers to her Majesty, respect-
fully offer to the public this truly marvellous which
gradually restores the human hair to its pristine hue no
matter at what age. The Agna Amarella has none of the
properties of dyes; it, on the contrary, .8 beneficial to the
system, and when the hair is once restored one application
per month will keep it in perfect colour. Price one 2 uthea per
bottle. or in half bottles. los. 61. Testimonials from twister;
of the highest order, and from individuals of undoubted re-
spectability, may be seen on application. Messrs. John
Goenell and Co. have been appointed Perfumers to her Royal
Highness the Prinoesm of Wales.

DR. SCOTT'S LIVER AND BILIOUS
PILLS.—A NEVER. FAILING REMEDY.--Pre-
pared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr.
Scott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who
,offer from bilious and liver nomplaints, Indigestion, wind.
spasms, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, &o. For habitual
costiveness, as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier
of the blood, they are truly excellent; mild in their opera-
tion and grateful to the stomach, they create appetite, pro-
mote digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system.
Sold by W. Lambert, 8, King William-street, Charing-cross.
London, and by most druggists,, in boxes,ls. lid., and three
times the quantity in one, 2s. gd. Be sure to ask for Dr.
Boott's Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine arc a square
green package. with " William Lambert," engraved on the
stamp.

THE RESCUE SOCIETY wishes to add another
home to :110 12 now in operation. Last year no fewer
han 455 poor, friendless, young females were rejected 'rom
want of FUNDS and room, making a total of 3,087, who have
been sent away hi five years. Here are brief details of a few
of the most recent cases:
F. v., aged 16, Mien, mother dead, deserted by her father.
M. A. F., aged 13, homeleip, both parents dead.
A. 8., aged 17, fallen, father dead, deserted by her mother
S. D., aged 15, fallen, mother dead.
C. 8., aged 15, fallen, mother dead,
A 8., aged 16, fallen, both parents dead.
H. S., aged 14, homeless, deserted by her parents,
M. H., aged 17, fallen, both parents dead.
C. 11., aged 17, fallen, both parents dead,
A. G.,K fallen, father dead.
S. B. aged 17, fallen, both part nts dead.
I agedaged 18,18 fallen, both parents dead,
~
M. A. W. aged 17, fallen, both parents dead.
S. D., aged 15, fallen, both parents dead.
The new home the Committee wish to form would be for
young girls, almost children, from the age ofd to 15, who
have been led astray from the path of virtue.
Contributions will be received gratefully by the Seiretaty,
Mr. Daniel Cooper, 85, Queen•street. Cheapside; or by Messrs
Barclay and Co., Lombard-street

TEETH, 2s. 6d. each.—ESKELL and SONS'
improvements in the construction of ARTIFICIAL
T e,ETH enable them to make and fit in from One to a Set,
in a few hours, without springs or wires, and without ex-
tractions, upon the principle of selt-adhesion, painless and
perfect. Guaranteed, or no tee accepted. Sets, £! ; stop-
pings, 2s. 6d.; extractions, Is. ; and the same moderate fixed
prices throughout. Punctuality in all appointments, and
constant daily attendance from Nine to Eight o'clock. Their
Treatise on the Teeth, with printed terms, and all consulta-
tions free, on application to ESKELL and SONS, 13, Tich-
borne- street, Quadrant Note the address.

The British American Provinces•

(From the Times Special Correspondent).

ST. JOHN, NEW BRUNSWICK, SEPT. 15.

The Province of New Brunswick is as large as
Ireland, and more highly favoured by nature in soil
and climate. It contains an area of 17,000,000 of
acres, 12,000,000 of which are fit for agriculture,
but of which little more than 1,500,000 have been
brought under the plough. The remainder is
covered with the aboriginal forest, through which
the wolves ani bears prowl, unmolested save by an
occasional sportsman or officer of the British garri-
son from St. John or Fredericton, or by the back-
woodsman, when, driven by hunger, they approach
too near the farms. Under the axe of the lumberman
and by the operation of the accidental or wilful fires
in the wilderness, to which all the densely wooded
regions of the American Continent are exposed, the
area of cleared land is annually extended, though
at a ratio much less rapid than in any other part
of the Atlantic section of British America, the ter-
ritory of the Hudson's Bay Company excepted.
The population as yet scarcely numbers 280,000, or
little more than half that of the borough of Mary-
lebone, or the city of Glasgow, though larger than
that of the whole of British America, the Canadas
included, when Great Britain first recognised the
independence of the United States. Its resources
and capabilities of mine, forest, fishery, and land are
such that nothing is w anted but men to develope them ,
and to raise the colony to arank among the nations of
the earth superior to that occupied by Denmark,
Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Portugal, or Greece.
Unfortunately the great stream of emigration does
not flow upon its shores. The German and Irish
swarms that annually quit their native Europe to
seek new homes and more propitious fortune in the
Western world know little or nothing of New
Brunswick. As the rivers run to the sea that is
full enough without their tribute, so the tide of emi-
gration pours into the United States, and all efforts
of the outlying portions of British America to divert
a portion of the current are but scantily rewarded.
New Brunswick has, it is true, received a share of
the Irish, though not of the Teutonic immigration,
sufficient to aid in the rough work of a new country,
sufficient, also, to add a disturbing element to its
politics, and to foster that sentiment of hostility to
the British Government which always seems to ani-
mate a majority of the Irish Roman Catholics in
America, but not sufficient to leaven to any great
extent the Anglo-Saxon character of the mass of
the people, or impair their love for their old home
or their loyalty to the Sovereign. The descendants
of the first French colonists of " Acadie," as this
and the contiguous territories of Maine and Nova
sasc
ot
Scotia were originally called, are numerous in the
county
igouche and all that portion of the
colony which borders on Canada and the western
h
EmpireGulfrit thy e
ofLd Loyalists
the
hcaeelSni
sptdt.
oas Lawrence.pnautrlseaotnif
next
xsn te.
t in
cT hhmeElsewhereeE n
nsgeleiEnglish
m
toform h
nc rnueetyn
of
a ee nof
d themß
ande t
Scotch
importance,men
and after them the Irish—while but few Americans,
Norwegians, and Germans, are found to impress
that cosmopolitan character upon the people which
arrests the attention of the traveller in New York
and the central and western States of the Union.
taj so

Among this little but busy and enterprising com-
munity the question of Confederation with Canada
and the other Maritime Provinces, originating in
American necessities and interests, but warmly ap-
proved by the British Government, excites animated,
if not acrimomous,discussion. Whatever may be the
present apathy in Canada, none exists in New
Brunswick. On the contrary, the subject is the all-
engrossing topic of conversation, in which every
man speaking the English language feels himself
interested, and on which he thinks himself compe-
tent to form an opinion and to pass a judgment.
Here all men are politicians, the backwoodsman not
excepted, and treat public questions with an amount
of ex cathedra authority which in the British Isles
is only exhibited in town councils and parish vestries,
or perhaps in the meetings of the tailors of Tooley-
street. Divided into the three sections of the French,
the Anglo-Saxon, and the Irish, it may be said that
the first arc ignorant or indifferent, the second fa-
vourable
6 for to
ten yearsprinciple, though not perhaps to all
the
the third almost entirely hostile.
In 4
the
Ministry of Mr. Tilley, which had held
office
and conducted public affairs with
lBdetails, thean d
much ability and success, somewhat prematurely ap-
pealed to the country on the question of Confede-
ration, which bad not been sufficiently debated or
understood at the time, and were defeated, osten-
sibly on anti-Confederation principles, but mainly
on personal grounds, in which a miserable question
of the value of the Governor's salary in the currency
of New Brunswick was largely intermingled. The
majority by .which Mr. Tilley was defeated, and Mr.
Albert J. Smith, the present Premier, raised to
power, was not very formidable ; the numbers being
—for Confederation,ls,492 ; and against it, 15,947,
a difference-of only 455 votes. The city and county
of St. John, the Most .popul6us part of the Province;
and most thickly inhabited by the Irish, gave 3,156
for Confederation, and 3,728 against—or a majo-

rity of 572 ; so that it may be said that this district
decided the question. The French counties of Resti-
gouche and Northumberland recorded 2,889 votes in
favour of Confederation, not one against—another
fact which deserves to be taken into consideration by
all who would truly understand the state of public
opinion in New Brunswick. In addition to the
personal influences brought to bear against a party
that had enjoyed power and place for so long a
period, the Irish Roman Catholic vote because irre-
sistible. This party acted in a solid phalanx and
opposed Confederation, not altogether on the merits,
but for the always satisfactory reason to Irish
Americans, that it found favour with the British
Government. The arguments brought to bear upon
the masses who recorded their votes against Mr.
Tilley's Ministry by no means went to the root of
the question, refrained to touch it per se, and were
mainly confined to attacks against its presumed
tendency to increase taxation. It was alleged that
the scheme was projected in the interest of Canada,
that had a large and yearly-increasing debt, that was
on the verge of bankruptcy, and hoped to avert the
catastrophe by making the Maritime Provinces
sharers in its indebtedness. It was furthermore
argued that New Brunswick would become a mere
appendage to the larger and more populous colony,
and that its public men would have small chance in
the race for office against the Canadians, who, if the
principle of representation by population (familiarly
called " Rep. by Pop.") were adopted, would be
" Tritons among the minnows," and swallow up
every office in the gift either of the Crown or the
people. Another party, professing hearty allegiance
to the British Crown, affected to deny the loyalty
of the Upper Canadians, if not of the Lower, and
asserted that the Quebec project was but a cun-
ningly-devised manceuvre to expedite annexation
to the United States, organised at 'Washington,
and subsidised by Federal secret service money.
But still more powerful as an argument was the
use made of the 64th article of the resolutions
adopted by the Conference at Quebec on the 10th
of October, 1864. By this it was stipulated that
in consideration of the transfer to the general Go-
vernment of the powers of taxation, an annual
grant should be made to each Province equal to
80 cents per head of the population, as established
by the Census of 1861 ; such grant or aid to bo in
full settlement of all future demands upon the gene-
ral Government for local purposes. By this arrange-
ment New Brunswick, of which the population by
the census was 252,047, would receive a yearly sum
of $201,637, or £40,325, in perpetuity, out of which
she would have to defray, even though her popula-
tion should be doubled or trebled, the whole expen-
diture for roads, bridges, public schools, and other
items previously chargeable to the general revenues
of the province. This was considered a great hard-
ship and injustice, and the agitators against con-
federation took full advantage of it. The people
of New Brunswick forgot, however, that in other
free countries, such as the United States, roads,
bridges, and public schools are not maintained out
of import duties on foreign manufactures, but are
provided for by special rates, assessed upon them-
selves by the various localities to be benefited, and
that in reality New Brunswick had started upon a
false system, and ought in justice to herself and her
foreign customers to meet such charges by direct
assessment. To stop the further progress of New
Brunswick and the British North American Colonies
in this wrong direction, it was wisely agreed at
Quebec to limit such expenditure out of the general
revenues of the Confederation to the sum to which
it now stands, and equal for all of the colonies
to a rate of 80 cents per head, leaving it to each
colony whose growth in wealth and population may
hereafter render necessary a larger outlay to pro-
vide for the excess by a local rate upon the pro-
perty of the parishes and districts to_ be benefited.
But the New Brunswickers were alike too it.-;-no-
or af nitt
so fp
rteasxuantli
eodn
eaffnd eattso ot o
impatientnd
with
fa v intolerantou favour
ui)on
any project, however equitable, that was likely to
impose a pecuniary burden. This was one of the
main sources of the outcry against confederation,
and exercised great influence upon the minds of
all, who, for other reasons, were predisposed to be
hostile. The argument is still used with undimi-
nished pertinacity by those who think it worthy of
the occasion, or who have such little knowledge of
the true principles of taxation, as tending to the
development of the resources of a people, as to think
such misapplication of important duties to be either
desirable or profitable. New Brunswick requires an
extension of trade with the whole world ; but in
order to keep up her schools, her roads, and her
bridges, without a special tax for that purpose, she
places, and, if these arguments should prevail, would
continue to place, by means of her present high
tariff, an impediment in the way of her commercial
intercourse with Great Britain, France, and Brazil,
upon whose manufactures and commodities she
mainly relies for a revenue. It appears, however,
from a variety of indications, that the people, though
so short a time has elapsed since they gave their
decision, not by a very signal majority, in favour of
remaining as they are, have taken counsel of their
sober second thought, and that there is a very serious
misgiving on the part even of the men in power,
whether if the Parliament were again dissolved
within the next six months to give the province a
second opportunity, either of putting itself in unison
with the British Government or of declaring itself
more emphatically than before on the subject of
confederation, it would not reverse its previous
vote. It is alleged by the friends of Confederation
that were a vacancy to be caused at this moment in
the representation either of the county or city of St.
John, in consequence of the appointment to a paid
office of any one of the sitting members, the Con-
federates would start the late Premier, Mr. Tilley,
to contest the seat, and that they would carry it,
notwithstanding the combined hostility of the
Irish Roman Catholics and of all other possible
opponents.

En resume'of the question as affectin&New Bruns-
wick, it would appear as if the whole of the educated,
professional, and commercial classes, with the ex-
ception of those whose only chance of political
power rests upon the Irish vote, are in favour of
the grand idea of confederation, and that themasses
of the people in the rural districts do not object to
it, per se, but are afraid that if carried it will cost
too much money. If there be one thing more cha-
racteristic than another of the European colonist in
British America, whether in New Brunswick or the
Canadas, it is his selfish dislike of taxation. He
loves liberty, but objects to pay for its insurance.
He would be free to the end of time under the
benign protection of the British Government,
but as soon as he is asked to put his hand in his
pocket to pay for the blessing, as he would have
had to do if he had remained at home, he begins to
grumble and bluster and talk of annexation to the
United States, Perhaps, however, this idle threat
will become still idler after the United States shall
have felt, as they have not yet done, the fullweight
of the burden of taxation which they have incurred
for indulgence in the luxury of Southern subjuga-
tion ; and the British colonist and the French habi-
tant will reflect, if they have not reflected already,
that it will be better to pay two or three dollars a
head for confederation than ten or twenty for an-:
nexation. Such, however, are the present differ-
ences of opinion in New Brunswick as well as in
Canada (of Nova Scotia I cannot yet speak) on this
great subject, and the multiplicity of hostile and in-
consistent arguments that are heard, not so much
against the idea as against the details, that the
inquiry forces itself upon the mind whether the
bitth,or the destruction of a nation is the more
difficult, and whether, if the people-of the seven
kingdoms of the Heptarchy had been allowed to
decide fOr themselves whether they would unite
their fortunes un-deF -One head, as lhOgrOf the
British American Provinces are now called' upon
to do, the question would not have remained in

PRICE
STAMPED 4c1.,
sd.'

abeyance to this day, or until some superior Power
had ended all discussion by imposing its will upon
the quibbling, straw-splitting, contentious, and irre-
concilable disputants. Perhaps, however, when the
people of the provinces become convinced that they
cannot remain as they are, and that the only alter-
natives before them are annexation to the States or
confederation, the question will enter upon a new
phase, and their unmistakable attachment to the
British Crown will expedite a decision which, in the
present circumstances of the North American con-
tinent, cannot be delayed without serious peril.

Ship Canal between the Saint Lawrence
and Hudson Rivers.

Now that, the war being concluded, the interests
of commerce are once more claiming their old as-
cendancy in the minds of the citizens of the United
States, it is natural that increased attention should
be given to the means and instrumentalities of com-
merce, and among them to those permanent works
which facilitate intercourse between different sec-
tions of the Republic, or connect its territory with
that of its neighbours. Some of the greatest of
these works, such as the overland road from New
York to San Francisco, have seemed so necessary
to the welfare of the Union, that they have been
energetically prosecuted to completion amidst the
distractions of war. Others, less pressing, will now
claim the attention which they could not before
command. At the Commercial Convention held at
Detroit last July, where the common interests of
Canada and the frontier States of the Union were
peculiarly the subjects of discussion, much attention
was given to the state of the water communications
between the prolific and enterprising States of the
North-West and the Eastern States by way of
Canada. It is universally agreed that the former
regions must rapidly increase in importance, and
that no works the execution of which is within the
means of the respective Governments are likely to be
in excess of the traffic which will require carriage.
Among the projects laid before the convention was
one brought forward by Mr. T. De Witt Bloodgood,
one of the delegates from the New York Chamber
of Commerce, in favour of the construction of a
ship canal between the St. Lawrence and Hudson
rivers, a plan which the author has since more fully
described and advocated in an independent publica-
tion. Mr. Bloodgood proposes to accomplish that
object by bringing Lake Champlain into the com-
mercial system of the lakes in such a manner that it
shall bear to the St. Lawrence river and Lake Ontario
the same relation that Erie does to the Huron. The
idea of uniting the St. Lawrence and the Hudson,
and so making it possible for the magnificent craft
which now ply on the great Lakes to pursue their
voyage to the harbour and city of New York, is
not a new one, eminent engineers, both of Canada
and the United States, having demonstrated its
practicability to the satisfaction of the public. A
glance at the map shows Lake Champlain lying for
the most part between the States of Vermont and
New York, and extending for four miles into Ca-
nada. It has a ship navigation of 125 miles, but is
at present isolated, as far as the greater purposes of
commerce are concerned, by slight natural barriers.
There is at present a continuous water commum- I
cation of limited capacity, the advantages of which
are fully appreciated. At the north, that is to say
in Canada, there is the Canal of Chamblee, and at
the south the Canal of Champlain unites the lake
and the Hudson river, so that it is already prac-
ticable for a vessel of 120 tons to clear from Chicago
or Sarnia, or Detroit, and reach the Hudson river
without moving its cargo. The connection is thus
made out :—The waters of the lakes flow into and
join the St. Lawrence at Sorel, 57 miles from St.
John. The Champlain canal connects its waters
with the Richelieu river 33 miles from its outlet,
which admits the passage of vessels of from 350 to
400 tons, drawing between six and seven feet of
water—and to make it navigable for vessels draw-
ing 12 feet it will only be necessary to raise the pre-
sent lock and dam at St. Ours to a corresponding
height. Canadians, particularly the merchants and
public authorities of Montreal, have long under-
stood this subject, and have for many years endea-
voured to warm it into life. In 1849, at their in-
stance, a convention was held at Saratoga Springs,
in the State of New York, at which the plan was
fully endorsed of constructing a ship canal of the
character alluded to.

Still later, in 1855, the then Canadian Commis-
sioner of Public Works, Mr. Chabot, under autho-
rity from the Executive Council, approved by the
Governor-General in Council, prepared instructions
for new surveys of routes between the St. Lawrence
and Lake Champlain by an experienced and skilful
American engineer, Mr. John B. Jervis, well known
in the State of New York for his connection with
the Erie canal, and subsequently with the Croton
aqueduct. His report established the fact that a
ship canal between St. Lawrence and the lake was
practicable at a moderate expense by several routes.
While the route of theChamblee, even to the unpro-
fessional observer, is evidently an easy one, others,
especially that known as the Caughnawaga, were
surveyed. The total lockage of the former is but
74 feet ; the latter, more generally regarded as the
best of any ship canal, entering the river St. Law-
rence near the foot of Lake Louis, and using
portion of the enlarged Chamblee, requires
about eight locks each of a moderate lift of about
12 feet. The report of Mr. Jervis was verified in
1852 by that of Mr. Swift, a Canadian engineer,
according to which the enlargement of the present
canal, or the construction of a new one adequate to
the navigation of vessels of from five hundred to
seven hundred tons, would cost from two to four
millions of dollars. Thus the Canadian part of the
enterprise is of moderate dimensions, is well under-
stood, and requires little capital for its execution.
Next, as regards the share of the United States in
this work, Lake Champlain is so safe of navigation
as to be considered, in the calculation of the en-
gineer, part of the canal itself. Between the lake
and the Hudson river is the existing Champlain
canal, admitted to be too small even for the local
trade, and calling for enlargement at the hands of
the State. Four years ago, on the breaking out of
the rebellion, the practicability of enlarging the
Champlain, so as to permit the passage of gun-
boats, was discussed in the legislature of New
York, and the State engineer, Mr. W. B. Taylor,
was directed to make a report on the subject.
This canal, about sixty-six miles in length,
ascends 54 feet from the lake to the summit level,
and 125 feet thence to the Hudson river. The en-
gineer reported that the expense of changing it into
a ship canal for gunboats 150 feet in length and 25
feet beam, and Bft. draught, would be $3,770,000.
So that we may safely calculate that, with a slight
enlargement from the plan of Mr. Taylor, five
million dollars would change the Champlain to a
first-class ship canal. Mr. Jarvis estimated the cost
of this improvement and that of the Hudson river
for 20 miles below Troy, altogether, at eight millions
of dollars ; but since then moderate appropriations
have been made for this improvement, which are
going on with every probability of success, and would
leave the Champlain enlargement to stand on its
own merits and come within the estimate already
given. This project is not advocated in Canada and
the United States merely as a question of revenue
so much as of one for increasing facilities of trade,
and worthy therefore to be taken up by the respec-
tive Governments. But it may be mentioned that,
according to,the calculation of Mr. M'Alpine, an
eminent American engineer, the cost of transporta-
tion by the new route would be less than by any
other. The public men of Canada have held this
scheme in high estimation. The Commissioner of
yublic Works, in hiS official report for thd year
1894, observes that - In. the etisting -state of our
naviga-tiok. the-iCalio:of Mdnt-
real loaded with gritip for theEastetri States'inntof
be portaged to Lake Champlain except at such an

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increase in the cost of transport as to nullify all tha
advantages of the St. La' rence navigation. The!
connection, he adds, would also facilitate the large
export of saved lumber from various points along;
the Canada frontier by costly and other circuitous.
routes, and would enable it to be laid down at the
minimum of transport charges at the great lumber
mart of Albany It would also form a direct route
for that portion of the staple product of the Ottawa ,
Valley required for the American market.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

The subjoined General Order has been issued by
nommand of the Field-Marshal Commanding-ia-
Chief, from the Horse Guards,in reference to the
Staff College examination :
"With reference to paragraph 5 of the Staff -Oollega
Regdations, published with the General Order, No. 83
dated the 21st of October, 1861, officers of the army-aie,
hereby informed that the exainimUion, in July, 1863, of
candidates for admission to the Staff College, wilicomprise,
the following portions of military history and goo-

graphy—viz., Campaigns of 1796, in Germany ;aid.
Italy;' Campaign of 1797, in Italy, to the fall of Venice.
N.B.—Candidates will be expected to be able to make a
rough sketch of any of the fields of battle, or of any por-
tion of the countries in which the operations were carried
pn, and to describe their chief geographical features, with
their influence on the movements of the combatants. Can-
didates will receive, on application to the Secretary to the
Council on Military Education, a copy of the synopsis of
the studies pursued at the Staff College, which may serve
as a useful guide to them in preparing themselves for the
examination."
Information was yesterday received at Woolwich_
of the intention of the Field-Marshal Commanding-
in-Chief to hold an inspection of the troops in gar-
rison to-morrow on the Common.
- -

It was yesterday officially announced at Chatham
that Major-Gen. Sir R. Walpole, 8.C.8., command-
ing the forces in that district, will commence the half-
yc•,rl, "nspection of the troops under his command
this morning. The inspection will extend over stfc-
ral days.

Lieut.-Gen. Sir G. Buller, K.C.8., yesterday in-
spected the 52d Regiment, now in garrison at Ports-
mouth, on Southsea-common.
Orders have been received at Chatham garrison
directing the following officers to hold themselves
in readiness for embarkation to join the service com-
panies of their respective regiments—viz., Capt. G.
Clay, commanding the 2d battalion of the 19th
Regiment, to embark for Burmah ; Lieut. C. G.
Leggett, 2d battalion 4th (King's Own) Regiment,
to proceed to Malta; and Ensign J. A. L. Hamilton,
2d West India Regiment, to embark for Barbadoes.
The 71st Highlanders paraded in the Queen's-
park, Edinburgh, on Wednesday forenoon, to un-
dergo their half-yearly inspection by Major-Gen.
Walker; C. 8., Commander-in-Chief of the ForCes
in Scotland. The regiment, which was under the
command of Colonel Hope, C. 8., Lieut.-Colonel
Parker, and Brevet-Major Lambton, mustered
about 650 rank and file. Gen. Walker and staff
arrived on the ground a little after 10 o'clock,
and were received with a royal salute. The regi-
ment was then put through a number of evolutions,
including skirmishing and file firing, all of which
were executed in a creditable manner. At the con-
clusion of the field exercises, Gen. Walker expressed
satisfaction with the different movements that had
been executed. He afterwards visited the range in
Hunters' Bog, where he tested a number of the men
in the use of the rifle. In the after Gen. Walker
went to ;the Castle, and inspected the books and
internal economy of the regiment.
Major Pym, 1 sergeant, 2 corporals, 1 drummer,
and 50 privates of the Royal Marine Light Infantry
were yesterday ordered to hold themselves in readi-
ness at the divisional quarters at Woolwich for em-
barcation on board her Majesty's 39-gun screw
steam frigate Bristol, commissioned on Wednesday
last by Capt. Geoffrey T. P. Hornby,
recently Flag
Captain to Sir Sydney C. Dacres, in coLnmancl of
the Channel Fleet. Capt. Hornby will occupy the
post of Commodore of the Ist class on the west coast
of Africa, now an independent station, and relieve
Capt. Arthur P. E. Wilmot, Commodore of the 2d
class, and in command of her Majesty's 21-gun shrew
corvette Rattlesnake appointed in August, 1862.
Yesterday Mr: G. W. Beardslee, under whose
direction the torpedo experiments were carried out
at Chatham on the previous day, accompanied by
Capt. W. H. Stewart, C. 8., and a number of officers
connected chiefly with the corps of Royal Engineers,
went down the harbour and witnessed the explosion
of a number of torpedoes which had been planted by
Mr. Beardslee in various positions.
Prince George de Solms Braunfels andsuite visited
the manufacturing department of Woolwich Arsenal
on Wednesday, by special permission of her Majes-
ty's Secretary of State for War. The Prince was
received by the heads of departments, and spent a
considerable time in his inspection, the major part
of which he devoted to visiting the royal gun fac-
tories, and especially the manufacture of the new
muzzle-loading guns, termed the "Woolwich guns,"
and stated to be an undoubted improvement on the
Armstrong style of manufacture.
By order of the Lords Commissioners of the Ad-
miralty, a series of trials have just been concluded
on board her Majesty's ship Excellent, at Ports-
mouth, of an improved Terry's breech-loading rifle,
manufactured by the Breech-loading Armoury Com-
pany, and which have been most satisfactory. The
first experiments with this weapon were conducted
by Capt. R. S. Howlett, C. 8., at that time in com-
mand of her Majesty's ship Excellent, when 1,800
rounds were fired without the rifle being cleaned
and without its once missing fire. Further trials
succeeded by the officers of the Ordnance Select
Committee, supplemented by another trial on South-
sea-common, by order of the War Department,
under the direction of Sir James Yorke Scarlett,
K.C.8., the result of these trials being the issue of
the rifle to the 18th Hussars, the Cape Mounted
Rifles, and other cavalry regiments, Lieut.-Col.
Knox, commanding the 18th Hussars, stating in his
report on the capabilities of the rifle, that " as a
cavalry carbine it cannot be surpassed." The last
trials on board the Excellent, under the supervision
of Capt. Astley, Kay, C. 8., and Commander Arthur,
by direction of the Admiralty, have confirmed pre-
vious reports of the efficiency of the rifle, and it is
not improbable that the very favourable nature of
the official report from the Excellent may lead to
the further adoption of the weapon in both services.
In New Zealand the Terry rifle has been found most
serviceable during the recent war, the Colonist
Volunteers being chiefly armed with it by the Colo-
nial Government.
Admiral Sir W. Martin yesterday morning em-
barked on board her Majesty's steamer Fire Queen,
Staff Commander Paul, from Stokes Bay pier, and
proceeded westward to visit the fortifications at the
Needles channel. Sir William is named as the
officer Michael Seymour in the
PortAldikmeilryators succeedeomma Sir
dat
Portsmouth on the ex-
piration of the period
of service at the port of the

latter gallant officeic.onclad screw corvette Pallas,
C
Connolly, launched from her building slip on
thaelll3:.r Majesty's
14th March last, will be undocked at Woolwich
to-day at high tide, and will be moored off the
Royal Arsenal pier until the following morning,
when she will be hauled into the fitting basin.
The following screw steam transports yesterday
shipped a large amount of general military stores
from Woolwich Arsenal, namely, the Ottawa for
Canada, the Peninsula for Gibraltar, and the He-
lenus for Malta.
The artisans employed at Chatham Dockyard
have organised a regatta, which will take place to-
morrow afternoon, under the patronage of Captain
Superintendent Stewart, C. 8., and the leading offi-
cials of the dockyard. By special permission of the
Admiralty the hands will discontinue work la noon,
the time thus granted being made up by the wor
being employed during extra hours. The re-
gatta will take place in the Medway, above
amount
from Roches-
ter-bridge,when money prizes, varying in
from £3 downwards, will be competed for.

Ointment and Pills.—
Bdiscovery of these re-
medies,OutLwAparvEd
many cases of sores, ulcers,
ninnfisrEmmEitres.L—BeHfoolrelowtahyo'
&c., were pro-
nounced to be hopeleselY incurable, because the treatment
pursued tended to destroy the strength it was incompe-
tent.ta preserves and to exasperate the symptoms it was
inadequate to remove. Holloway's pills exert th 3 most
wholesome powers over unhealthy flesh or skin without
debarring the patient from fresh air and exercise, and
thus the)sconstitutional vigour is husbanded, 'while th©
incit244iFnant ulcers,
.abscesses, and .akin .diseases aro
-fa prePe,se of Ore. - Both ointment and pills make the
Zblood-richer -and-purer, -instead of ..-permitting it to fall
into that poor and watery state so fatal to many labour-
ing under chronic ulcerations.

-i