The Sun.
London, England, 1862-07-02 00:00:00

Grand Heat.

Lambeth Crew
Western Crew 0
_ _ _

The Lambeth crew took the lead immediately after the
start, retained it throughout, and won easily.
The Fourth, or Losers' Heat.
The Temple Crew
The Fulham Crew
The Western Crew 0
The Rory O'More Crew 0

A very capital start was effected, immediately after
which the last-named crew took a slight lead, but were
unable to keep it more than 150 yards, the race being
rowed down from Chiswick Eyot to Putney-bridge. The
Western and Fulham then went in front, and the latter
drawing upon the former, took the lead. The Temple
crew, who had been astern, now began to mend their posi-
tion, and challenging the Fulham crew, drew slightly
ahead of them at the Crab Tree, but a fine race was kept
up to the finish, and it was only won by a length ; the
third boat was a length and a half astern of the second.

Scullers' Race, open to the world, except the present
Champion of the Thames. The first two boats in each of
the trial heats to row in the grand heat.

First Heat.
G. Everson, Greenwich
E. Eager?, Chelsea
J. Mackiuney, Richmond 0
C. Turner, Rotherhithe 0

The last named did not start well. The others wore off
together very finely, Everson with the lead, Mackinney
second, and Eagers close up. At the Point Eagers came
up with Mackinney, and after a fine dashing race went
ahead of him at Craven, but off the Soap-work Mackinney
again came up very gallantly to his quarter, but could not
pass him. Everson won easily, but the race between the
others for second place was, as will be seen, very fine.

Second Heat.
George Drouett, Chelsea.. 1
E. Cooper, Newcastle 2
G. Hammerton, Kingston 0
T. Crout, Woolwich

They were all off together, then Hammerton took a slight
lead, followed by Cooper, and next came Drouett. Off the
Star and Garter Cover took the lead, and gradually in:
now came up with great pace upon Hammerton, who fell
astern. A very fine race now ensued between Drouett and
Cooper, in which they rowed scull and scull to the Soap..
works, where Drouott took the lead, and won by half a
length.

Grand Heat.
R. Cooper, Newcastle 1
E. Eagers, Chelsea
G. Drouett, Chelsea . . 0
G. Everson, Greenwich .....,

The latter is a great smiler, but perhaps did not care to do
much in the race. He and Cooper took the lead, Edgers
close upon them, and at the Crab Tree they were all level,
and Everson may be said to have left off rowing there, and
the result of a most determined race between Cooper and
Eagers was that the former won by half his length.
Champion Four-oared Race. Open to the World.
Claspers' Crew, Newcastle
London Crew .. 0
Hammersmith Crew

The Newcastle Crew.—J. H, Clasper, E. Winship, H.
Chambers, H. Clasper, and It, Clasper, coxswain.
The London Crew.—J. W. Tagg, W. Bell, J. Mac-
kinney, H. Kelly, and J. Mackinney, coxswain.
The Hammersmith Crew.—J. Hoare, T. Hoare, jun., T.
Hoare, G. Green, and T. Green, coxswain.

This race attracted, as it ever has since its first establish-
ment, universal attention, and the greatest races ever rowed
upon the Thames have been for the champion prize. The
success of the Claspers at the Thames Regattas has long
been a theme of praise, and they were, as they have often
been before, the favourites.

Mr. T, S. Egan, of the University of Cambridge, kixdly
consented to take the onerous duty of umpire in this race,
and the committee boat, the Venus, which had been motion-
less up to this time, was now put upon her speed, and ac-
companied the race. The Hammersmith crew had the best
place, next to them the London, and the Newcastle had the
worst position. It was supposed that the race would entirely
lie between the Newcastle and London crews, and the for-
mer were backed at 5 and 6 to 4, and there was a great deal
of money laid out upon the event. Mr. Egan started them
all admirably, and for something like 50 yards they were
all level, but immediately afterwards the Newcastle and
London began to leave the Hammersmith men astern. Off
the Star and Garter, the race being rowed up from Putney
to Chiswick Eyot, the Claspers showed the nose of their
boat in front, and a most determined struggle was carried
on between this and Craven Cottage, where, notwithstand-
ing the extraordinary exertions of the Londoners, the New-
castle men, who had gained their lead inch by inch, were
just drawing their stern from being overlapped, and the
Newcastle men were not over well steered. The Londoners
still rowed with great power, but their opponents continued,
as before, to increase their lead, and about fig slowly. The
Newcastle men passed under Hammersmith-bridge half a
length clear. After passing througii lltunmennuith-bridge
the Londoners got closer on the Surrey-side, and avoiding
some of the wind, they gained a trifling advantage, but still
the Newcastle men led, and gallantly pulled on with the
same regularity and steadiness as at first, and they finally
won by three-quarters of a length clear ; the Hammel •
smith men were half-a-dozen lengths astern of the Lon-
doners.

Watermen's Apprentices Race, rowed in old-fashioned
boats with six boards, and in three streaks.
First Heat.
Horace Cole, Chelsea .................. 1
W. Laming, Mill-stairs ............... 2
Won easily. Two others started.
Second Heat.
J. Heath, Greenwich ............ 1
J. Cox, Limehouso
Won easily. Another started.
Grand Heat.

Horace Colo ............. 1
J. Heath .............................. 2
Won easily.

President of the Thames
The lion. George Denman,
Subscription Club, presented the various prizes. Much
regularity was kept up by Mr. Stephen Salter's able
management of thO umpire's watermen.

CIIINESE EMIGRATION.—An act Was passed in
1861 by the Colonial Legislature to regulate and restrict
the immigration of Chinese to New South Wales. It im-
poses, as had been previously done in Victoria, a tax of
£lO on each male native of China arriving in the colony,
whether by sea or land. Chinese already in the colony are
exempted from the tax on obtai▪
ning a certificate from the
nearest clerk of petty sessions or gold commissioner on or
before Feb. 28, 1862. It also provides that no ship shall
bring Chinese into the colony i▪ n a greater proportion than
one person to every
ten tons of the ship's tonnage, and tha
certificates of naturalisation shall not in future be issued to
Chinese, The act has been left to its operation, but, as the
strong objections felt by the Australian colonies to this
great measure from its exclusively
immigration arise in g
male character, it has been suggested that some modifica-
tions might Le made in its provisions where the immigrants
are accompanied by a proportion of women.

"I beg leave to call your attention to the follow-
ing facts relative to the-cotton trade.
"The position of the trade has now assumed such
a serious aspect that we cannot afford to anticipate
obstacles to our obtaining a supply of the raw
material, or cripple our energies by allowing our-
selves to be thwarted by official impediments.
Millions are at present suffering from a scarcity of
cotton, and it must be had. This is the only way in
which we can possibly mitigate our present distress.
" There appears no prospect whatever of our re-
ceiving anything like a supply from, merica for a
very considerable period, and even looking at it in
the most favourable light, and adopting the views
of some whose ' wish is father to the thought,' that
the war may soon be ended, and the whole of their
cotton be sent here, the results would ultimately be
even more distressing than they are now, for it is
very certain that the United States have not planted
this year as much as will suffice for their own con-
sumption. Consequently, in 12 months from this
date we should have to face another cotton famine
even worse than the present, as from the preference
always so stubbornly shown by the trade for Ameri-
can cotton, all countries now exerting themselves
to produce it would be discouraged from further
planting before they had reached a practical system
of cultivation, and thus our whole resources would
be prostrated.

" Under such circumstances (and it has never yet
been confuted) our text must be India produces
annually 6,000,000 bales of cotton,' a share of which
we must have.

" The great obstacles to our obtaining a sufficiency
of cotton from India are, that the European mer-
chants as a rule have no agents in the interior ; the
extortions of the middlemen ; the lack of knowledge
on the part of the native growers as to the value of
cotton at the ports ; and the want of adequate
means of conveyance. These are impediments which
at all risks must be broken through, or thousands
will starve ere they are eradicated by official routine.
Cotton must be obtained and brought here at almost
any cost. In 1860 the low average of 3,1,-d per lb.
brought us 662,674 bales from India ; surely present
prices of from 9,id to 110 will leave a margin suffi-
cient to cover any reasonable expense of transit,
even if carried on the heads of natives to the ports.
"If we are prevented from getting cotton from
India through the want of roads and other means of
conveyance, it will prove the second famine, within
a very short period, which has been occasioned
through the want of those neceasary auxiliaries.
And we shall soon find that it is not only the manu-
facturing districts that are suffering from the want
of a means of obtaining cotton from India, but—so
long as the native growers, being ignorant of the
present value of cotton here, are selling it to the na-
tive manufacturers of India at something like id per
lb., while our consumers are paying 9d to 12d for
the same cotton—that the manufacturers of India
R ill be able to supply their cloths so very much
cheaper than the European merchants, and that the
latter will not be able to dispose of British goods
within a wide mark of their cost.

" Seeing, then, that the native cotton growers of
India are in complete ignorance of the high prices ob-
tained for cotton ; that the merchants of India have
so little direct communication with the interior; that
the native dealers, or middlemen, are blinding the
eyes of the growers to the excessive demand that
at present exists for Indian cotton ; and that they
are deficient in the means of transit, it becomes
imperative upon the people of this country—for
all are vitally interested—to Qrovide_ the means of
India, and sending it here by road, river, and sea,
without the least unnecessary delay. For this
purpose I would suggest that a company shall be
formed, under the auspices of the members of the
House of Commons, representing the cotton manu-
facturing districts, the mayors of the various towns
the chairman of the Chambers of Commerce, the
chairman of the Cotton Supply Association, and the
chairman of the Manchester Cotton Company, with
an executive committee of practical and energetic
merchants and manufacturers, the object of which
must be to purchase cotton in India and send it
here. When once the native growers are practi-
cally enlightened as to the demand for cotton and
its price at the sea-board, growing cotton for export
will become an extensive established custom, and
our supplies thence rapidly and extensively in-
creased,

" But, as it would occupy a considerable time to
get such a company in working order, and send out
agents to India, I further suggest that the Govern-
ment shall be solicited to employ their staff of offi-
cers, in their several localities in India, to purchase
cotton direct from the native growers, and have it
conveyed to the ports in the readiest manner pos-
sible—the Government to advance the money for
this object, which would be refunded to them on
the delivery of the cotton to agents appointed by
the company at the ports. This would prove a great
relief to the trade of this country until the company
could get their agents into working order in India.
,‘ Now, I have no doubt that this appeal to the
Government willl be objected to on various grounds
—but we must not forget that in 1847 they ad-
vanced £8,000,000 to Ireland during the famine
caused by the failure of the potato crop, the
effects of which were nothing as compared with
what is certain to be the case should our present
supply of cotton become exhausted. Nor do we
lack even a more direct precedent. The present
Emperor of the French, during the scarcity of
corn, sent agents into all parts of Europe to pur-
chase grain, wit h means provided from the French
Treasury. In fact, there is only one of two alter-
natives left for the Government to pursue—either
to lend their practical assistance to procure cotton
from India, or to find the means for supporting the
people as they are thrown out of work from a want
of cotton. It has been said that 5,000.000 of people
are affected by the dearth of cotton ; but, if our
supplies are stopped, two-thirds of the whole
empire will be most seriously affected.
" Such a proposition may appear extraordinary ;
but I consider that the occasion is far more extra-
ordinary than the remedy sought for its relief, when
it is considered that the stock of cotton in Liver-
pool is only equal to four and a half weeks' con-
sumption, as in 1860 ; and what is of more import-
ance still, from this has to be deducted our re-
exports of cotton, which for the last four weeks
have averaged 25,865 bales per week, or,o the
h
aggregate, 103,865 bales (about equal t
the stock at present held in Liverpool
the 6th of June the stock of cotton held cine.
while alf
in onign
Europe was only 50,751 bales
six months our importsl to
9,080
years, p ohrats,
bales, while the
quantity taken by the trade w
;anLdiNt-ehraptolonl tshheowlasa
weekly average of only t
although so much below p
averaged 29,370 bales.
of the House of Commons
ereehvliyoufsronl
" Were the members
the manufacturing districts to hold
connected with
a meeting on this subject in London, I feel assured
Way
much good would result
ndmy
from
plea
part
, byor t
of
ispavingl.ittish et
rtandee
addressinga and
d
for some decided action on the
f
its dependencies
a
you the knowledge thatthealreadyLtieans of obtaining
food,
and _ 59 persons are
without work n
198,000 employed only one-half their
time.--I have the honour to be, your most obedient
entirely
servant,

" EICIIARD BURN."

111ONTGOMERISUIRE ELECTION.--Mr. Charles
Watkin Williams Wynn, COllBlll of the late member, and
Capt. the Hon. S. C. G. Hanbury Tracey, eldest son of
Lord Sudeley, Lord Lieutenant of the county, have an-
nounced themselves candidates, the former in the Conser.
Tative, and the latter in the Radical and Dissenting interest,

The report having been adopted,
Mr. GREATIIEAD read a statement of the financial
position of the society, which was also passed, and
some further formal business was transacted ;
among other things Lord Lyttelton was elected a
vice-president.
The CHAIRMAN then called attention to the spe-
cial subject of discussion, as contained in the
agenda—viz., " The Ecclesiological Aspect, on the
International Exhibition, and of the Exhibition (on
loan) of Fine Arts at the South Kensington
Museum." In inviting this discussion he remarked
upon the bewildering multitude of objects which,
while pressing for notice, rendered distinct and
separate notice impossible, except in a few cases;
and he enforced the necessity of fixing attention on
a few great points, with a view to their arrival at a
practical result. He had, he said, himself wandered
up and down the mazes of the International Exhi-
tion, and he had been peculiarly struck with the
little appreciation of architecture shown by her
Majesty's commissioners; they had given neither
time nor opportunity for a proper display of archi-
tectural objects. Germany had a few great speci-
mens there, and Holland had a few ; France not
one—for Prince Napoleon's Pompeian Villa, though
very pretty, was not new as a design, it was only a
restoration. The gallery devoted to architectural
drawings was well worth a visit for its delineation
of English architecture in 1862. Its merit on the
whole was very high, more especially with refe-
rence to Gothic designs. With regard to ecclesiolo-
gical art, he expressed his delight at the opportu-
nity which the Exhibition gave of opening their
Mediaeval Court,which was an honour to the society,
and paid a high compliment to the screen prepared
for Hereford Cathedral by Mr. Skidmore, while
be admitted that it was not above criticism. Min-
ton's fountain also came in for its share of praise—
as the germ of future marvellous developments, as
did other specimens of ceramic ware, pottery, hard-
ware, and incised painting. The chairman then
glanced at the foreign ecclesiological works con-
tained in the International Exhibition, criticising,
either generally or in detail, as he proceded ; and
he concluded by advocating the embodiment of every
useful point which could be gathered from the Ex-
hibition into that particular system of ecclesiology
with which the society more especially identified
itself.

A somewhat inactive discussion followed, and the
proceedings were closed by a vote of thanks to the
chairman.

THE SLAVE POTVER AND THE SECES-

SION WAR.

(From the National Review.)
The most striking and weighty phenomenon in
the history of the United States of North America
the slave power. The sympathy expressed so loudly
in England on behalf of the Southern Confederacy
has its origin in loose and inaccurate notions of what
the Southern Confederacy has been, of what it is,
and of what it would be, were it permitted to do-
velope itself unmolested in obedience to its in-
stincts and unavoidable tendencies. The bare fact
that it is a slave power—that is, a power with
slavery for its " corner stone"—and the other fact
that this slavery is of a kind entirely new
in the history of the world, ought to have
made the public writers and public speakers of
England turn with dismay from the mere thought
of lending their support to such a power, and pour-
ing out their sympathies on its behalf. It is diffi-
cult to account for this strange perversion of whole-
some British opinion. It is difficult to understand
how, with the history of the past accessible, the
facts of the present patent to all eyes, the prospects
of the future unclouded and unveiled, any one
could be content with the shallow explanation that
the present contest is for empire on the one side
and independence on the other. No doubt some
have been led away by a blind hatred of democracy;
others have been irritated by the reckless violence
of Northern newspaper writers, and the mad
speeches of hack politicians; others, again, have
desired success to the South because they think it
better for the world that there should be more na-
tions than one within the enormous territory,
stretching from ocean to ocean, owned by the
United States ; and there are not wanting those
who have Southern sympathies because they have
accepted Southern hospitality. It would be useless
to deny the force of these influences; they are
around us in full operation, and their fruits are
visible every day. But it is strange that such in-
fluences should have been adequate to blind thought-
ful men to the true character of the contest, and
the immense issues it involves. It is strange that
our public teachers should contemplate with some-
thing more than indifference, in
many cases with
absolute approval, the rise in the heart
should
break
visit
of an overshadowing slave power, ands
on the heads of those who are anttmemp t '
of America
tng to
gated censure,
and bind that power their
and comment on the progressuof the attempt with
continuous and envenomed hostility. The fact is
the more remarkable because we have rid ourselves
of slavery ; although
was not with us, as it is
and has been with the
it United States, the canker at
the core of their political and social institutions.
We can 4bnly account for the fact by the supposi-
tion been
blinded
ina siynmflupeanthceisseNryse
tion thatby othure
blinded
men-
tioned to the teaching of history. And were it not
that opinion, in a country where publicity prevails,
rectifies itself rapidly and effectually, We should
look with considerable apprehension for the future
of England upon the recent manifestations of Eng-
lish opinion on the side of a slave power.
Professor Cairnes has done good service, not to
the Federal Government, but to truth, by the pub-
lication of the volume the title of which we have
placed at the head of this article. His book will be
found to be,not
I a speculative commentary, but a
logical demonstration. The facts on which he bases
his arguments and conclusions are probably familiar
to the bulk of our readers, for we have repeatedly
indicated the character of the Southern Confederacy;
but in no other work exists so methodical and for-
cible a delineation of its origin and growth, and
especially of its essential attributes and designs.
The strong convictions of an ardent thinker are ex-
pressed in the measured and temperate language of
a philosophical historian. The reasonings and con-
clusions rest upon the solid ground of unquestion-
able historical, physical, and economic facts. The
volume, in short, is a compact and truthful analysis
of the structure, -functions, and necessary tendencies
of the power which is now seeking by force of arms
to establish its baleful domination over half a con-
tinent. " Whatever," says Professor Cairnes,
t"wi e
may think of the tendencies of democratic insd 1-
Lions, or of the influence of territorial magnitude on
the American character, no theory framed upon
these or upon any other incidents of the contend-
ing parties, however ingeniously constructed, will
• suffice to conceal the fact that it is slavery which

Yesterday was another good average day at the
building, the total attendance being 62,336, of
which 56,770 were by payment and 5,556 by season
tickets. There was music in all the side courts
and =der both eastern and western domes, so that
there was always as much to hear as to see, and the
day passed off With even more than usual eclat.
The preparations for the fete of Friday, the 11th
of July, when the declaration of prizes to the
various exhibitors will take place, are going actively
forward? and no effort is being spared to make this
one of the most imposing pageants of the year.
Official invitations have already gone from the
Foreign-office to the various Continental Courts,
asking for the honour of Royal or distinguished
personages to represent their countries on this oc-
casion. We believe there is no doubt that in nearly
every instance these invitations will be accepted,
among others, on the part of France, by Prince
Napoleon; for Belgium, by the Duke de Brabant;
for Austria, by the Archduke; for Russia, by the
Grand Duke Michael (who is on his way here from
Baden) ; and for Spain, by the Duke de Montpen-
sier. The Prince of Prussia will not, we believe,
be able to attend, but will name a distinguished
officer to represent him, as also will Italy, Portu-
gal, Switzerland, and the Duchies of the Zollve-
rein. Invitations have also been issued to France,
Austria, Prussia, Belgium, Holland, and Italy, ask-
ing each of those countries to send a representative
military band. As a matter of course, this invita-
tion will be accepted, and each of the countries we
have mentioned will sena a corps of about 100 per-
formers, the very elite of their military bandsmen.
With these will be ten British military bands—
those of the Horse Guards, 2d Life Guards, RcYal
Artillery (two bands), Royal Engineers, Grenadier,
Coldstream, and Fusilier Guards; Royal Marines,
and that of the South Kensington Volunteer En-
gineers. These 16 bands will be placed in groups of
four at different parts of the Horticultural Gardens
and in the Exhibition building; but at the close of
the ceremonial they will all be brigaded into one,
under the conduct of Mr. Godfrey, to
play the
National Anthem. On the occasion of this cere-
monial the Exhibition building and the Horticzil-
tural Gardens will be treated as one, the season-
ticket, or ticket purchased for that day, admitting
to both. The visitors, as at the opening of the
Exhibition, will be admitted from 10 a.m. till 12
30, but no later. At 12 o'clock all the jurors will
assemble in the South Court of the Exhibition ac-
cording to their classes, each class being indicated
by a banner carried by a Sapper, and thence they
will proceed across the nave to the upper terrace or
the Horticultural Gardens. Her Majesty's Mini-
atere,3vith the_Roval. Commissiapers and the enem-
ticultural Society, arc to assemble in the Conserva-
tory betore 12 30, and at this place the Royal Com-
missioners will receive the members of the _Diplo-
matic Corps, all of whom have Leen invited to attend.
At 1 o'clock the Royal and other international re-
presentatives, some of whom we have mentioned,
will be received by a guard of honour at the North
entrance to the Gardens, where the Royal Com-
missioners will also be in waiting, and will conduct
them to the dais in the Gardens, where they will
receive the awards of the juries of the various
classes for each of their respective countries. Her
Majesty has named his Royal Highness the Duke
of Cambridge as her representative to receive and
distribute the awards to the exhibitors of the
colonies and United Kingdom. The juries having
delivered their awards, a procession will be formed,
which will enter the building by the Eastern An-
nexe, and, passing down the nave, return through
' the Western Annexe to the dais in the gardens.
During the progress of this procession the medals
and awards will be distributed. At various stations
on the English side of the building will be assem-
bled the national and trade committees, with.
the mayors of the great manufacturing towns,
foreign
commissioner who will receive the English awards from the Duke
each c
from o f Ca bridge . w
iOl
In
receive
foreign ei
thegw
n sidea a r
special representative sent by his own
country, or,
in his absence, from his Royal Highness the
Duke of Cambridge. This ceremony, unless
done in a wholesale manner, is likely to occupy
some time, as nearly 11,000 medals have been voted
by the various juries. Throughout the whole route
of the procession a broad avenue will be kept,
which will be marked by seats, and these seats we
are glad to say are to be occupied by ladies only.
After the distribution has taken place, the proces-
sionb ds will all be
returns to the dais, where the an
assembled together to play " God Save the Queen,"
and for the rest of the afternoon will perform vari-
ous national airs. This is a rough general outline
of the programme for this occasion, and if the
weather is only propitious--a more than doubtful
matter when the Horticultural Gardens are con-
cerned—the whole fete ought to be successful-

ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

GREAT INTERNATIONAL SHOW.

Yesterday 38,000 persons paid their shilling to
enter the great inclosure where the Royal Agricul-
tural Society of England and the Highland Society
of Scotland present the combined attraction of all
our native breeds of animals, and all our best forms
of rural mechanism. A throng of eager sightseers
all day crushed to get a glimpse of a smart pony,na.
Chinese sheep, or a monstrous snoring bacon,
crowded equally around the Duke of Atholl's prettily
of
White milk
dressed milkmaid to watch the novel process of fill-
itnhge laitmtleilkne-pgariol ocraltvhees richfteheadtinhgavwei,thfor
day. an
visited us from beyond the Tweed. Thistbefirst time,
eh
f
event of much interest will be the woo the Fren
9 and Swiss dairy cattle
b-r Stafford, in the
Some' of the foreign
show-yard, at four o'clock.
sheep have already realised good prices, one French2oo
guineas, to go to
merino ram being sold for
Saxon merinos for £6OO, to
long;
own breeders,. ihave
Pomerania; and threie.:"
;a Joni, prices, partital urly
be shipped for Austrackt
sold many head
if Suffolkst° horses, bliorl-ItottiF, and
nd Cotswold sheep. Some Lincoln.
are also sold to go into France and into
long-wools
tinhetShLethiadsoswcsn a .
Northern Germany.
The itnplement-makers are doing a large trade,
steam ploughs have found many cuAomers.
the days of the meeting Messrs. Howard
Da and
itnhgo
have disposed of 12 sets of their apparatus ; and
Mr. Fowler has taken a great number of orders, a
considerable proportion of them from German,
Hungarian, and other continental customers.
Financially, the present meeting will be a loss
to the
y g g
society of several thousand pounds, but
morally, it is alread a rest sin; and irrespective
of the credit which agriculture has now earned for
itself with the citizen population, the list of new
and influential names on the society's roll of mem-
bers and candidates for membership is rapidly
enlarging.