The Sun.
London, England, 1862-12-22 00:00:00

l' HE SUN, LONDON, MON bAY EVENIN G DECEMBER 22, 1862

PUBLICATIONS.

NEW WORK BY DR. CUMMING.
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DRIFTWOOD, SEAWEED, and FALLEN
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By the Rev. JOUN CUMMING, D.D., F.R.S.

Hurst and Blackett, publishers, 13. Great Marlborough-street

NEW NOVEL BY MR. MACDONALD.
Just ready, in 3 vols., printed on toned paper,

DAVID ELGINBROD.
By GEORGE MACDONALD, M.A.,
Author of " Within and Without," " Phantastes,"
Hurst and Blackett, publishers, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

Second Edition, Now Ready, Complete in 3 vols., 31s. 6d.,
LES MISERABLES. By VICTOR HUGO.
Authorised English Translation.

*" Les Miserables ' abounds, page after page, with details
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LIFE IN NORMANDY.
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711 E REVOLU7ION IN GREECE.

(From the Times' Special Correspondent.)
ATHENS, DEC. 13.

If any one fond of the excitement of electioneer-
ing, and having heard that some time or other in the
beginning of December there was a chance of some
such fun in Greeee, had landed on Friday last week
at the Pit cells, end come up to Athens, he might
have wearied himself with walking about during
the whole of this week, and, unless told beforehand,
he would never have found out for himself that the
Athenians wt.re busy electing, not only their repre-
sentatives for the National Assembly but likewise
their future Sovereign. There was not a trace of
any of those outward signs with which we associate
elections—no appearance in public of the candi-
dates, no mustering of forces, no rival committees,
sitting at the rival public-houses, no huge placards
covering the walls or carried about in the streets,
no flags, no colours, no party signs, no noisy elated
crowds, or carriages busy in taking electors to the
poll, no excitement or shouts, no rows, no quarrels,
no practical jokes, nothing, in one word, which
could indicate even from afar that something un-
common was passing in the town, except perhips
from time to time a small patrol of municipal guards
with their muskets in every imaginable position
flaneing about, looking at the shops, and conversing
languidly with leacli"othi,-r or the passers-by.
As 1 told you `before there are no political parties
in Greece with fixed principles. There are only
more or less prominent atoms standing out like
pebbles in a sea of sand, and round which the loose
mass, chased by the wind, has a tendency to aggre-
gate. The great object of the late dynasty was to
prevent by all possible mews such aggregation,
which, if not dispersed in time, might grow up into
an obstacle. The pebbles were therefore carefully
picked out, handled, shaken against other pebbles,
and played with until they were so smooth, or
had become so small that they could be kept
or thrown away without any danger. There is
scarcely a single political notability in the country
who has not passed once or several times through
such handling. While the game lasted there was a
natural tendency among those who had been taken
up, used up, and then thrown away, to unite in a
common feeling of indignation and revenge, but
now that the game is over the scattered atoms lie
about like the stones in the bed of the Ilyssus after
the waters have rushed by, all about the same size
and of the same shape.
Had there been any opposition to the late revo-
lution, or a difference of opinion in the choice of
the future Sovereign, it might have led to the forma-
tion of parties, but such has been the unanimity in
both respects all over the country that no one had
the remotest chance of success who did not in-
scribe on his flag the deposition of the late dynasty
and the election of Prince Alfred as King of Greece.
Every one who was not too hopelessly lost in the
eyes of the people, has turned round on the spot,
so that a publication of the electoral addresses, with
a short biographical resume of the individual who
has issued them, would form a curious volume of
sudden conversions.

Under these circumstances there could be no
party struggle in the elections, but so much the more
was a fierce contest of individual interests and influ-
ences to be dreaded. It was, as it were, a new start
in political life, and every one was anxious to secure
the best place in the future race. The Gieek patriot
who has shown himself lately in so favourable a
light was shelved for the time, and the individual
Greek, with all his shrewd, cunning, and lax notions
reappeared.
At the head of the two rival combinations were
two men who had both been " strongly handled"
by the late dynasty. One of them Kalifournas,
began his career as the tribune of Athens, and made
himself so unpleasant by his influence over the lower
classes that the Court was induced to take him up
and put him forward as the candidate for the presi-
dency of the Chamber in 1859. The Chamber
proved intractable, and chose the candidate of the
Opposition, Zaimi, at present Minister of the In-
terior, on which the King dissolved the Chamber.
All the 62 members wh) had voted against the can-
didate of the Court were excluded from the new
Chamber, but the triumph cost King Otho his
throne, for it was the frauds and violence of that
last election and the consequent servility of the
Chamber which drove the nation into revolution.
The tribune of Athens, the immediate cause of the
dissolution of the Chamber, was wise enough to
withdraw in time, and played his cards so well that
he was taken into the combination of the 23d of
October last, and is now Minister of Marine.
His adversary Scarlato S3utzo has always passed
for one of the most reliable men of the Court, he has
been in several Ministerial combinations, and was
nominally Minister of War in 1854, in which quality
he was instrumental in preparing the expeditions
into Epirus and TEessaly. Fortunately for him he
has not been much before the public of late, and
consequently was not debarred from trying his luck
as the leader of a combination against Kalifournas.
Both combinations were chiefly based on the sup-
port of the six communes of Eleusis, Menidi,
Phyla), Marathon, Kralata, and Crogia, which with
the capital and the Piraeus form the electoral dis-
trict of Attica. The capital and the Piraeus are too
eclectic tobedepended upon in a combination.
From the beginning
it for
either side to make up a seemed
combination almost
of eight men,hopeless
which is the number of members for the district of
Attica in this instance, and for some time the idea
was that only four should form the combination,
and the other four places be left open to competi-
tion ; but as this would have given a chance, at
least, of the other party coming in, the Kalifournas
party, who felt strongest, decided in the end to
stick to the old practice, and make a combination
for all the eight members. And now began a secret
war of all against all, every man in the combination
distrusting his neighbour, and working for himself;
every day the combinations changed, one or another
man being cast out and replaced by a new man,
while the agents who were sent about canvassing
did a little business on their own account, substi-
tuting one name for another in the list, in some
cases their own, until all was confused and uncer-
tain.

In the midst of this struggle appeared three new
candidates, the men of the day threatening to carry
everything before them by their popularity, and to
make a hole in the combinations. They were Koroneo,
one of the heroes of Nauplia, who was wounded
there and taken prisoner, and who since the revolu-
tion has been appointed Commander of the National
Guard of Athens and of the Pirmus. The second
Artemis, another officer who commanded one of the
battalions at Nauplia, and who has just returned
from his exile abroad. The third Papadiamandopulo,
the officer of artillery whose joining on the 23d of
October decided the revolution. An attempt was
made to take in these men at the last moment into
the Kalifournas combination, but it succeeded only
partially. Koroneo alone joined, while the two
others went with the opposing party. The result
was that all kind of sinister prognostications were
made—that both sides were determined to push
matters to an
extreme ; that the soldiers were dis-
posed to join in the quarrel; that they asked to be
allowed to vote, and a hundred other tales, calculated
to frighten the timid, but which might have be-
come true had it not been that the beginning of the
elections for the Sovereign fell on the same day as
that for the election of the representatives. The
interest felt in the first destroyed all interest in the
latter, and the paltry individual squabbles were
shamed into silence by the grand national manifes-
tation.
About midway,
Royal idwayupP the street of Hermes, which
aa'ace, stands, isolated on all
sides,
parish church of Athens. It is a
small quaint Byzantine building, supposed to be
one of those 13 with NA Inch the Empress Irene
aderned the town of Athens. Among the many
l d s
u o
o t
the old

follies committed in planning New Athens, the
greatest, perhaps, was to give to the street of
Hermes a direction right against this old church,
and then continue it on the other side towards the
Piraeus. The result is that a small square has been
formed all round the church, proving by its sharp
turns a great inconvenience to traffic, and not suffi-
ciently large to set off the beauties of the building.
This square was the centre of attraction on Satur-
day morning, for on one side of it is the Dimarchy
(Mairie), where the people of Athens were to inscribe
their votes for the future Sovereign of Greece. Long
before 10 a.m., the time appointed for the opening
of the registers, a large crowd had collected. It was
known that the Holy Synod had expressed a wish
to sign their names first on the registers, and that
the commission in charge of the registers had anti-
cipated this wish by taking the register to the Pre-
sident of the Synod. The register was brought back
and the head of the Hellenic Church had written
down the name of Prince Alfred. Soon after the five
members of the Synod, with all their suite of clerks
and secretaries, came in a body to the Dimarchy,
and one by one they all gave their vote to Prince
Alfred. Then followed the crowd which had waited,
and before another hour passed several hundred had
signed, and all, without one single exception,
for Prince Alfred. The process was expeditious
enough. Ascending two flights of steps you arrived
at the entrance of the Council-room, guarded by a
National Guard sentry, to keep order. In the room
were two tables. On that at the further end lay the
great book, the book—about the size of a large
ledger, in which, before the day was over, all those
who are most prominent in Greece had signed their
names, the Synod, the Ministers, political, scientific,
and military notabilities, besides a host of other
people. At the other table, the priest forming one
of the commission was writing the names and votes
of those who could not do so for themselves ; and a
hard task he had from morning to four in the after-
noon. The first idea was to have registers only at
the Dimarchy, but this was changed, and others
were opened in. the large new parish church, and in
all the other churches which had been assigned as
polling places for the election of the representatives
for the Assembly. Before the first evening had
closed it was known that above 2,089 names had
been inscribed; among them one for a republic, two
for Prince Alfred or a republic, and all the rest pure
and simple for Prince Alfred. Nine days more re-
mained for voting.
After the first rush was over, all went off so
quietly as to show that it was a calm determination
and not an impulse of the moment, which carried
the people there. It was the most curious instance
of the power of a popular sentiment to see those
numbers of illiterate peasants, labouring men,
and soldiers, whom you would never have supposed
capable of a political idea of any kind, go there to
take part. No one had tutored them, no one had
urged them on ; it was the vox populi, if ever there
was an instance of it.

And what were the other elections doing in the
meantime P Few knew, and scarcely any one cared.
Five of the churches had been set aside as polling
places—those of the Transfiguration, of St. George,
of St. Dimitri, and of St. Philip, and for the vil-
lages that of the Virgin of Zoodoiqui. Among the
first four was distributed the catalogue of the con-
stituency of Athens in alphabetical order, each of
them having a certain number of letters.
Let us go into one of these churches, no matter
which, for the process is everywhere the same.
That of St. George is the nearest, so let us take that
one. It is on the slope above the Ministry of the
Interior, and its bastard, half Byzantine style, alto-
gether out of proportion, has often shocked our eyes.
It is not quite finished, and the approaches towards
the entrance or half blocked up by uncut slabs of
marble. Our first idea on approaching is that we
have made a mistake in the place, or else that the
elections are over, for all we see outside are two
gamins, who indulge in the favourite pastime of the
rising generation of Athens, that is, throwing stones
from slings. Could it be the advanced guard of one
of the rival factions which has taken forcible posses-
sion of this polling place, determined to hold it
against all corners ? No, for the civil sentry of the
National Guard, standing before the church door,
having seen us approach, fixes his bayonet to drive
away the self-constituted defenders of the place.
We thank him and go in. Immediately to the left
is a long table on which are the registers with the
name of the voters whose initials are M, X, E, Z.
Two young men cast a scrutinising look at us ; they
are the agents of the rival factions, but they soon
turn away, seeing that we are foreigners. The civil
functionary who stands behind the table is not so
quick-sighted, for he offers us the large register
open for the election of the King, which we
naturally decline, satisfied to study the word
" AX9speSor," in every variety of handwriting.
Then we go to the centre of the church, where
the voting urn stands on a table, before which a
National Guard sentry paces up and down. The
box is of tin, with a small slit on the top. While we
are examining it one of the Demos comes in. The
two young men sidle up to him, but one leaves
almost immediately, for the new corner has drawn
out a rose-coloured piece of paper, a sign that he is
for the Kalifournas combination. The agent of this
party scans over his ticket, and makes some remarks
in an under tone of voice ; but the voter will not be
convinced ; he takes the ticket, it is true, but goes
to the table, strikes out some names, and puts in
others he fancies better. The vote is supposed to
be secret, but every one is at liberty to see that the
names scratched out are Psylas and Smolensk, and
those put in are those of the popular heroes Arte-
mis and Papadiamandopulos. The voter gives his
name, it is sought for in the catalogue, and when
found, the civil gentleman who offered me the re-
gister to sign, and who happens to be the president
of the election committee, signs the ticket, which
the voter takes and throws into the urn. We re-
main there for a quarter of an hour. About a
dozen come to sign their names in the register for
Alfred, but not one elector for the representatives,
so go off, and don't wonder to hear that only about
300 votes have been given in all Athens on that
first day. At 4 p.m. the committee leave the
church, the door is shut, and a guard of National
Guards takes care that no one enters till the next
morning.

But the first day was a Saturday, whe❑ most
people are busier than on any other day, so the rush
for the elections and the row and fuss will be next
day. Deception. We walk about, morning and
afternoon, until we are tired, without seeing any-
thing more. The votes for the representatives come
in by driblets, while the list for Alfred swell in grand
proportion ; 5,000 is the result on Sunday evening,
some more for the alternative of Alfred or a re-
public, but the great mass for Alfred alone. The
number of votes given for the election of the repre-
sentatives is scarcely 1,200 in all. We see some of
the candidates ; they complain at the most inex-
plicable apathy of electors who run off to vote for
Prince Alfred, and won't take the trouble to vote
for their representatives in the Assembly; and
even those who do come are obstinate; they take
the tickets from one or the other party, but change
the names as they please. That is, again the good
sense of the population has set aside any danger
that individual recklessness might have created.

Thus passes Monday and Tuesday, and on Wed-
nesday morning you are called to your window by
the beat of drums, and you see one after another
the urn© carried in carriages, accompanied by a
body of National Guards, to the Nomarchy or pre-
fecture of Attica. Very little above 2,000 is the
Lumber of votes given, while 8,000 have signed
for Prince Alfred, and there are six days more
remaining.
The urns from the outlying communes have come
in likewise, but the result is as yet unknown
except for the poll at the Piraeus. Kalifournas is
at the head ; then, come Korroneo, Artemis, Papa-