The Sun.
London, England, 1862-11-07 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 7, 1862.

PUBLICATIONS.

Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 2 vols., 210.,
ENGLISH WOMEN OP LETTERS.
By JULIA HAVANAGIL

"A pleasant contribution to the literature of the times.
The work comprises a biography of' each authoress
(all women of renown in their day and generati,,n),
and an account and analysis of her principal novels. To this
task Miss Kavanagh has brought knowledge of her subject,
delicacy of discrimination, industry, and a geniml humour
which makes her sketches pleasant to read."—Athenaeum.
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STOCK OF CO7 TON IN AMERICA.

The following correspondence has been supplied
to us through Mr. Heywood, secretary of the Cotton
Supply Association at Manchester :

- Foreign-office, N
Sir,--I am directed by Earl Russell to state to yovou,. 5
for
the information of the Manchester Cotton Supply Associa-
tion, that his lordship has received a report from the United
States to the following effect, viz. :—That, at the commence-
ment of the civil war, the whole amount of cotton in the
South was about 4,200,000 bales ; that about 1,000,000 bales
are supposed to have been destroyed, and that another
1,000,000 will have been irreparably injured from not having
been properly ginned, baled, and stored, and that conse-
quently, when allowance is made for the small portion which
by one means or other has found its way into the market,
the quantity that would be forthcoming if the ports were to
be opened immediately would not exceed 2,000,000 bales.
As regards the crop of 1862, which is not yet picked, it 18
not estimated at more than one million of bales, and even
this small amount will probably be so reduced from the dif-
ficulty of obtaining labour for picking, and hemp, and other
necessary material for baling and storing, that the supply
for the Burka will be trifling. As regards hemp, however,
it appears that a good deal is to be obtained from the Blue
Grass Region of Kentucky. It is stated that, if the war
should continue, the land in 1863 will be cultivated for
corn and not for cotton, and that under any circumstance it
would take the cultivators of cotton some
time 'to recover
from the state of disorganisation into which that cultivation
has been thrown.--I am, sir, your most obedient humble
servant,
G. H.a.mmortp,
G. R. Heywood, Esq.,
Manchester Cotton Association.

New Orleans, Oct. 1.
I have been in the cotton business upwards of 16 years,
both as a raiser and seller. I understand all about the cul-
tiv.tion of the plant--ginning, pressing, and preparing it
for market, and can classify it. When this miserable contest
began, I had upwards of one hundred thousand dollars
loaned out to the cotton planters, as bans predicted on the
crop of 1861. This I consider a total loss. The planters
refuse to acknowledge any interest on claims, and it will
not be long before they will repudiate both principal and
interest, I am therefore anxious to leave a country in which
there is no security either for life or property. I now make
you the same offer I made to Lord Russell and Sir
Charles Wood. Having lost a handsome competency here,
I cannot afford to go out as an adventurer ; but if I am
guaranteed an appointment such as will enable me to main-
tain my family in a respectable position, I promise I will
do more for the benefit of my country than I expect in
return. A communication addressed to me, care of
her British Majesty's Consul, New Orleans, will have
prompt attention. I left Mississippi ten days since.
The cotton crop is very inferior, and not over one-third
of the usual quantity of land was planted. The planters
have not had sufficient bagging and rope to wrap up the
crop of 1861, and the cotton is rotting in the woods. It was
hauled out from the gins in the seed, and a large portion is
very imperfectly sheltered. The Government at Richmond
are endeavouring to buy the cotton, giving in exchange the
bonds of the Government, bearing 8 per cent, interest. The
security don't meet with much favour by the planters. One
thing, you need not look for any cotton from this country
for some years to come. This war has hardly begun, and,
when I assert this, I judge from observations carefully
made, but which I cannot communicate for the present.
The Chairman Cotton Supply Association,
Manchester.

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MAP OF
IVOR7H AMERICA.

The map of No(rFtrholnAmtheer
Trezachbaansgbeeen reconstructed
on a variety of plans by several ingenious English
writers during the past few months; but few of the
speculations advanced are likely to come into ac-
tual being. - The subject has not escaped the atten-
tion of Americans themselves ; hut, so far, we have
met with but one theory of readjustment which
has been openly discussed. Thcoah, when first
broached, it was denounced in violent language by
the majority of Northern newspapers, there were
some s% hich treated it very mildly; whilst the
Southern democrats pronounced it "just the thing."
The scheme, which took its rise in Virginia, and was
first promulgated officially by Governor Letcher,
just before the inauguration of President Lincoln,
is to the effect that the Confederacy be reconstructed
without the New England States, which States, the
Southerners say, have caused all the troubles of the
country, and with which alone, of all the Free
States, the South has any reason to be dissatisfied.
The project was revived just after the battle of
Manassas, and became known in the North in the
form of a report that when Jefferson Davis had
crossed over with the Confederate army into
Maryland, and taken possession of Washington, he
would issue a proclamation to all the States of the
Union, except those of New England, to appoint
delegates to meet and reconstruct the Confederacy,
without what is termed the fanatical North-Eastern
section, comprising Connecticut, Rhode Island,
Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and
Maine.

There are several circumstances which give coun-
tenance to this scheme—such, for instance, as the
recent offer of a separate treaty to the Western
States by the Southern Confederacy; the appre-
hended opposition that will be met by the Federal
tax-collectors when they commence their round ;
and, above all, the identity of Southern and Western
industrial interests—both communities being agri-
cultural and free trade, whilst the EaStern States
are mainly manufacturing and protectionist. Be-
sides this, the South consumes a much larger por-
tion of Western produce (food and live stock) than
does the East ; and the principal outlet and
cheapest route for the bulky products of the West
is down the Mississippi and its tributaries, through
the Slave Suites, to New Orleans. Then, again, the
Southern planters finding it to pay better to grow
cotton than to raise corn and live stock, are willing
customers of the North-west, because the latter
articles can be purchased there at a cheaper rate
than they can be produced in the South. With the
manufactures of the East, however, the case is
the reverse, for protection compels both the Southern
plAnter and the Western farmer to pay more for
their clothing and machinery than the same articles
could be bought for in Europe.
0 cher arrangements, however, very different from

the above may take place. But whatever may be
the destiny of the Free States, we may rest assured
that the Slave States, for some years to come, at all
events, will stick together ; their mutual interests
point in that direction. At first, the whole of the
Northern and Western States would perhaps form
a single Union, in consequence of their ties of con-
sanguinity, and the likeness of their ideas and modes
of life, and for the purpose of mutual defence. Bnt

if the East adhered to its protective policy, the bonds
of friendship would shortly be sundered by a con-
flict of interests, and the West would " secede" and
establish a separate republic. If the agricultural
States could persuade Pennsylvania and New Jer-
sey to join them, disunion would be hastened. This
is not improbable, for the majority of the people of

- _
Pennsylvania would rather ally themselves with

the West than with New England, and we are not
sure that the citizens of New York would not do
the same. As the Western States, by separating
from the Eastern ones, would deprive themselves of
all communication with the Atlantic seaboard, save
through a foreign country, we may conclude that
they will bear with a considerable amount of incon-
venience before they will withdraw—from the
Northern Confederacy, Unless, as we' hivie •hinted
above, they could carry one or more of the Atlantic
States along with theui. Should this take plkce,'
the Pacific States would doubtless set up On their
own account, and form a fourth confederacy. The
intermediate territories, or present embryo States,
would perhaps be equally divided between the
Western and Pacific republics ; at least it would
seem that such a disposition would be more con-
ducive to their material interests than to isolate
themselves in the middle of the continent.

PR1CE.....-...4d.
STAMPED ....bd.

spring as under the old system of winter fallowing;
hence another additional item to farm expenditure,
with a doubtful prospect of advantage.— TWiltshire
Mirror.