The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-08 00:00:00

evening schools. Mr. TITE, M.P., confirmed this
statement by saying that usually the class of young
men who applied for clerkships were ignorant
beyond belief. Mr. TITE observed that
he thought in no country did middle
class education cost more, or was it
worse when obtained. This, in a country which
boasts itself of its middle class, which does not dis-
dain the name of " a nation of shopkeepers," is
certainly a great anomaly. It is more than a mere
question for the day or the hour : its solution will
affect the future of the whole country. If our
social and commercial life goes on as it has dDne
many of these untrained, ill-educated youths may
rise through the influence of character or accident,
or by the possession of those resolute and ambitious
qualities, which are not necessarily absent from
an uncultivated mind, to positions of con-
siderable importance. How, then, can they
keep pace with the wants of the time, how
assist in developing the institutions of the country ?
The time is past when society could be divided into
two broad classes, the workers and the thinkers.
The thinkers now must work if they would really
influence their kind ; the workers must think, if
they would not be left altogether behind in the race.
And to enable men both to write and to think at
this stage of the world's history a proper training
and thorough cultivation of the faculties is needed
when young. It matters less what actual amount
of learning is imparted than how it is im-
parted. It is of little moment that a boy
has all the dates and genealogies of his-
tory at his fingers' ends if he has not been
taught how to turn that knowledge to account, to

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

Ethnological Society.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

DENMARK.
COPENHAGEN, Nov. 7

The modifications of the Constitution have been
adopted to-day by an overwhelming majority in both
Houses of the Rigsraad.
The Ministry have given in their adhesion to
these modifications, and agreed to submit the bill to
the Rigsdag.

GERMANY.
HANOVER, Nov. 8

The Grand Duke of Oldenburg has arrived here
from Cassel, where a conference of the minor
German Princes has taken place, in reference, it is
said, to the attitude of Prussia and Austria towards
the free town of Frankfort.

ITALY.

FLORENCE, Nov. 7 (Evening).

A Royal decree has been published approving the
amalgamation of the National Bank of Sardinia
and the Bank of Tuscany into one establishment,
to be called the Bank of Italy.

SPAIN.

MADRID, Nov. 7.

The Correspondencia of this evening states that it
has not yet been decided who is to replace General
Dulce as Captain General of Cuba.

Eight cases of cholera occurred in this city yes
terday, none of which proved fatal.

learn what history teaches, and to draw his own
inferences in dealing with the political problems
of his time. We do not want our junior clerks
to think themselves Prime Ministers, but we do
want that they should have an intelligent compre-
hension of any ordinary subject that is brought
before them. We want them to put their minds
into their business in a manner that is never done
by ignorant and obtuse persons, and therefore it is
satisfactory to find the gentlemen of the city coming
so promptly forward to establish new schools to
supply the educational wants of the lower middle
classes.

PORTUGAL.
LISBON, Nov. 6.

The Cortes were opened to-day by Dom Fer.
nando in person, who took the oaths as Regent
No speeches were delivered.

FRANCE.

PARIS, Nov. 8.

The Afoniteur of this morning says :—" The
frigates Mogador and Eldorado, whose departure
were prematurely announced, were only able to sail
yesterday for Civita Vecchia."

BOURSE, Nov. 7.—Two o'Clock.—The telegram
from London announces a fall in Consols of per
cent. The market here is tolerably active, and
Stock continues to be generally well sustained.
Threes, for the Account, have an advance of 10c.,
the present quotation being 68f. 35c. Credit Mo-
bilier Shares are unvaried at 8761. 50c. Italian
Fives have receded 10c.—to 65f. 85c. Lyons Rail-
way Shares are quoted at 820 f. ; Eastern, 517 f.
50c. ; Lombard, 402 f. 50c. North of Spain remain
stationary at 188 f. 75c. The following coupons
have been detached to-day : —Lyons 25f., Eastern
20f., Lombard 20f. Little business has been tram-
acted in the Railway Share department, and the
quotations exhibit little variation. Three o'Clock.
—The market became weaker towards the close, and
left off as follows :

New Dance Music. Published by Cocks & Co.

Another roll of delightful dance music has just
come to hand from those popular music publishers,
the Messrs. Robert Cocks and Co., of New Bur-
lington• street.

The Coldstream Guards' TValtz, by A. F. Godfrey,
the bandmaster of the Coldstreams, leads off with
its exhilarating strains, through the syncope'd beat
of which we might almost affect to hear the clink of
the spur and the rustle of the silk-expanding
crinoline.

Fleurs des Champs, par Frederic Lemoine, is, in
truth, as ii, calls itself—une Polka Elegante. It is
elegant even in its external decorations, with its
clustered effigies of golden-wheat ripe in the ear, its
cerulean cornflowers and its scarlet poppies flaunting
by the meadow style.

41 per Cents 96 70
Do. and month —

Ditto Threes —
Roman —
Mexican Loan 49
Do. Bonds 321 25
Russian -
Austrian
Spanish Threes 421
Home Debt
Deferred

3 per Cents. 6B 25
Do. end month 6B 25

The Bright Smile TValtzes, by H. S. Roberts,
has about it an enlivening influence quite worthy
of its radiant title, and will be as welcome as flowers
in May to the light-footed habitue's of the ballroom.

_
Credit Mobilier B7O —
Do. end month 867 50
Bank Shares 3660
Credit Foncier 1320

Italian Loan 64 75
Do. end month 64 85

The Cuckoo Quadrille, by the same composer,
obtains its chief est charm, no less than its distinctive
title, from the graceful introduction of Abt's famous
melody—among the most popular melodies of the
day (or night)—that haunting air of " The Cuckoo,"
with which the lovely voice of Madlle. Liebhardt
has so charmingly familiarized the frequenters of
our fashionable concert-rooms, both here in town
and far and wide throughout the provinces.

Orleans
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona
Roman

Acct.
... 817 50
... 1095 -
- ... 817 50
... 561 25

- - ... 515 -
- - ... 210 -
- - ... 407 50
- - ... 401 25
- - ... 186 25
- - ... 245 -

-- -- ... 160 -

The Cholera in Paris•

(REUTER'S EXPRESS.)
PARIS, Nov. 7.
The following is the article published by the Union
Medicale upon the decrease of cholera in Paris, the
accuracy of which is guaranteed by the Moniteur :
"Certainly the cholera is leaving us, not sud-
denly, to return as before, as was observed in pre-
ceding epidemics, but gradually, still making some
victims, chiefly among the imprudent and careless;
and, it must be said, since it redounded to the honour
of courage and charity, sometimes among those who,
either pursuing their profession or from devotion,
unceasingly and zealously succour the unfortunate
persons attacked by the scourge. Honour to these
noble victims !

" To-day, 6th November, the epidemic is in full
decline. Let alarm, therefore, cease, but without
forgetting salutary precautions. The enemy is
retreating, without doubt, but do not let us brave
its pickets, for the impatient may yet pay with life
for the imprudence of their conduct.

"To this end we earnestly urge our colleagues
not to cease their surveillance over their clients, nor
be too much inclined generally to disregard medical
counsels as the scourge disappears,
„ On the Ist November the total number of deaths
from cholera in the city and the hospitals was no
more than 92 ; on the 2d, 80 ; on the 3d, 75 ; and
on the 4th, 70. This diminution, from the very
fact of its being hardly perceptible but continuous,
is of most favourable augury. The civil and
military hospitals only appears for about a
fourth of the total fatal cases. Three
fourths of the deaths took place at the homes of the
persons attacked, and very probably among indivi-
duals who, despite the reiterated counsels of the
administration and the doctors, disregard all recom-
mendations, and fall victims to their incredulity and
carelessness. The number of admissions to the
hospitals has been parallel with the decrease above-
mentioned, and the number of interior cases has
similarly diminished. The epidemic appears, there-
fore, to be fairly working itself out, and in a few
days, without doubt, the mortality of the city of
Paris will have returned within its ordinary limits.
If the epidemic there arrests its ravages, it will have
been merciful in comparison with previous invasions,
and we shall be justified in attributing this sub-
dued character to the sanitary improvements
effected, and to the disappearance of
the numerous insalubrious quarters of old
Paris, in which the epidemics of 1832
and 1849 made so many victims. The sanitary
measures prescribed by the Administration, executed
quietly and without that parade which attracts pub-
lic attention, have not passed without observation
and gratitude from those who, by duty and profes-
fession, are bound to be attentive observers of the
good and thoughtful management of public relief
and hygienic measures. Finally, the good counte-
nance preserved before this French invasion of the
Asiatic scourge, and the courage of the immense
majority of the Paris population, following the
august example afforded them, have certainly not
faled to exercise an influence with respect to the
unimportant character and rapid disappearance of
the malady.

and kept till the debt is paid.

Colonel and Lady Harriet Lane have arrived at
Brown's Hotel.

THE RECTORSIIIPS OF TIIE SCOTCH UNIVERSITIES.

—A meeting of students, supporters of Mr. Disraeli as a
candidate for the Rectorship of the Edinburgh University,
was held on Monday afternoon. Between 200 and 500 stu-
dents attended the meeting, and resolutions advocating the
claims of Mr. Disraeli were unanimously passed. The
winter session at the Glasgow University was opened on
Monday, with a short address by Principal Barclay.
Crowded and enthusiastic meeetings of the Liberal and
Conservative students were afterwards held, when Mr.
Gladstone and the Lord Justice-Clerk were respectively
nominated for the Lord Rectorship. There wore no other
candidates proposed.
TILE NEW PROFESSOR OF MUSIC IN THE UNIVER-
SITY Or EDINITURGIL—Mr. Herbert Stanley Oakeley, who
has just been elected to the vacant chair of musi• at Edin-
burgh, is the second son of the late Sir Herbert Oakeley,
Archdeacon of Colchester, and brother of the present ba-
ronet. He was educated at Rugby and Christ Church, Ox-
ford, and is the author of several musical publications.

rHE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 8, lEEtt.

The first meeting of the session of this society was
held yesterday evening, in their rooms, St. Martin's-
place—Mr. Craufurd in the chair. A number of
brilliantly coloured Chinese drawings, brought from
Rangoon, decorated the room, and were described
by Mr. Mackie.
The hon. secretary, Mr. T. WraGHT, read a re-
port of the ethnological papers read at the last meet-
ing of the British association at Birmingham.
The first paper read was " On the Manners and
Customs of Little Popo, Bight of Benin," by Capt.
Wildman, R.N., in which he gave au interesting ac-
count of the condition of the natives in that district,
who combine with the customs of savage tribes many
manners imitated from Europeans. They are, he
said, the most cleanly and well-conditioned people
of any of the negro tribes on the African coast.
Little Popo, from its position on the sea shore, to the
south, and on the banks of a large and long lagoon
on the north, ought to be, next to Lagos, the most
important trading town between St. Paulo and Cape
Formosa ; but owing to wars, continued for years,
but little trade has been carried on. The houses in
the town are built on both sides of the lagoon, and
are thatched two or three feet thick with dried grass.
They are one-storied, and built of mud and sand,
enclosing a court. The following curious account
was given of the mode of burial :—The head of the
house is always buried in the ground floor. A grave
is dug inside the large room, which occupies all the
lower part of the house. The man's head wife is also
buried in the same place. The ceremony of burial
is this, as the natives tell you—" Big Fellow" dies,
his body is " dressed fine." It is then put iu a chair
in his room—his feet being put into a large brass
pan. Two of his sons, and two of his daughters,
his eldest sister, and his nephew by her, are now
told quickly to come. The native general of the
district is also called. They all come to the house
and see the body. Having examined it and seen
that the " Big Fellow" has not been poisoned, they
say " Put him into the box." The box is made the
length of the body, about 3 feet broad, 4 feet high,
with a round top, fitted with hinges. The body is
now put into the box. The sons and daughters
give about $lO each, the nephew about $B, the sis-
ter about $2O, and the native general $l6. This is
all put into the box with the body. A decanter
full of rum, a tumbler, a decanter of
water, silk cloths, a, round English hat, a
long pipe filled with tobacco, a bottle of English
lavender water, a small looking-glass and comb,
two or three silk handkerchiefs, two plates, a knife,
fork, and spoon are also put into the box. Each of
the sons, daughters, his sister and nephew, give silk
cloths to cover the body. A grave is dug in the
lower room, and plastered round inside ; half way
up the grave bars are placed across ; the box (or
coffin) is rested on these bars, and covered over with
a concrete of mud and sand. The room is cleared
and cleaned, the windows shut, candles being kept
lighted for about a week. The death is kept quiet
for about four months, and is then made public,
and " the customs" held ; they are as follow :
First day—Fire guns, drink rum ; second day—early
in the morning fire guns, relations dance and beat
drum, calling out " Drink plenty rum ;" third day—
they rest ; fourth day—fire gun, dance, beat drum,
" drink plenty rum," give away cloth. This con-
tinues for 15 days. Sixteenth day—All the deceased's
children wash, and " dress fine," and carry the
dead man's chair into the bush. All the people
in the town are given powder, to be ready to fire
muskets when the chair is brought back from the
bush. One of the dead man's sons is " dressed fine,"
and put into the chair, which is now brought into
the house. All the people fire muskets and cannon.
Three tables are now laid for dinner ; a bullock
killed, goats, fowls, ducks, &c. The head men of
the town are called. The head men take one table ;
the women the second table ; the dead man's sons
the third table. When they have all finished
eating they fill a tumbler half full of rum,
stand up, and cry aloud, " Hip, hip, hurrah !"
" Who say ?" (the dead man's name) " Say !"
Big guns are fired outside. They then sit
down. Rum is now given away to every and any
one. An awning, and room of silk clothes is
made ; with two men inside to watch, having with
them rum ; this they give to any one who comes,
the awning remaining up for two weeks. When
a " big man" dies, the brothers of " small men,"
who have died within about three years previous, all
contribute to the custom of the " big man" powder,
beasts, fowls, or whatever they can afford, and dress
fine—their dead relations' children claiming the
custom as for their brother as well as the big man.
The criminal law is very simple, being very much
like the old Hebrew law of " an eye for an eye, a
tooth for a tooth." The head men of the town judge
all cases of murder, whether by violence or poison ;
the latter is the most common. If a man or woman
is found guilty of murder, he or she is killed by the
same means as they employed in the murder : that
is to say if a knife or stick has been used, the cul-
prit is so killed. If poisoned, he or she is poisoned.
If the culprit runs away and cannot be found, his
brother is executed instead. If a slave man runs
away, having killed any one, his master is fined
about $lOO, or more if he is rich. If a free man
steals he is imprisoned ; if a slave steals he is
flogged with a fish tail, the fish tail being about four
feet long and four inches in diameter at the thick
end, tapering at the other end, and is covered with
small and large excrescences like teeth, which cu

the flesh to pieces. He gets about four dozen blows,
when he becomes quite insensible, and his flesh
without feeling ; they then cut the flesh with small

knives until the blood comes ; red and green pep-
pers are now ground up with salt and well rubbed

into the part previously operated upon with the
fish tail. He is then sent to the plantations to

work, and is not again allowed in thehouse. Slaves

are punished by their masters without reference to

the head men, and the masters are not responsible

to any one concerning tho punishment of their

slaves. Debtors are more severely punished than
murderers. When a man owes a large sum of

money and cannot pay, all his family are pawned
until the amount is paid. If he has no
family he is taken to the King (nominally over many
towns) with 12 dollars. The King orders him to be

buried in the ground in the bush, with the earth

stamped down all round him, just leaving his head
out ; a pot is put over his head at night ; at day-

break it is removed and left off until the evening,
when it is again put on; this is done until he is dead,

which happens generally in four days if the sun is

very hot, five or six days if cool. The turkey buz-
zards soon find out a man so buried, and circle round
him, for a little time, and then settle and devour the
flesh from his head, first picking out his eyes. When

a man is so punished the creditor has no further
claim on his family for the debt. If the debtor

runs away, his family are seized by the creditor

In this case the

man's brother generally pawns his family
(or slaves if he has any), and redeems them

when he can get enough money to pay the debt.

Polygamy is practised to an unlimited extent, each
man having as many wives as he can afford to keep.
Forty wives are not unfrequently kept by a rich

man, and one instance was mentioned of a man

- ---
having 100.
At the conclusion of the paper there was a brief
discussion, in which Dr. Hodgskin, Dr. Caddy, Mr.
Mackie, and the President took part.
A second paper was read "On the Darien
Indians," by Dr. Cullen. These Indians, who oc-
cupy the Isthmus of Darien, are scattered into small
tribes on the sea-shore. They have always main-
tained their independence, and do not allow any of
the neighbouring Indians to enter their territory.
The whole population, Dr. Cullen believes, does not
exceed 3,ooo—their numbers having rapidly dimi-
nished during the last 100 years. In a country 157
miles in length and with an average breadth of 60
miles, with a soil of great fertility, there are less
than 5,000 occupants. This is the more strange, as
the land yields abundant valuable products, and
occupies a most commanding position for commerce.
There is, however, no path nor trail, nor any mode
of transit across the Isthmus. The Darien Indians
are a handsome race, of low stature, but stoutly built,
with the copper-coloured skin, straight, coarse black
hair, and other characteristics of Red Indians. They
live very peaceably together, are honest, cleanly,