The Sun.
London, England, 1862-04-19 00:00:00

TUE. SUM LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 19, HU,

tigated by a competent tribunal. Mr. BisnoP was
proceeding from Naples to Rome ; we need not say
that every person, not well known, might reasonably
expect to be carefully watched on such a journey. Till
the POPE ceases to shelter the ex-KING, and to send

forth brigands to plunder and murder in the Neapo-
litan towns, the Italian Government would be simply
!coolish not to keep their eye closely on all passengers
from Naples to Rome, and from Rome to Naples I
too.. The courier was, it appears, a Piedmontese, •
and tearing Mr. BISHOP speak in German, he
naturally concluded he was not really an English-
men, suspected nim of belonging to one of the
Swiss German Cantons which have furnished so
many mercenary soldiers to Naples, and communi-
cated his suspicions to the police-office. And, it
should be borne in mind, that all the insults he com-
plains of were offered under the undoubting impres-
sion that he was not an Englishman, but a traitor
from a continental State which has furnished the
Popes and Kings of Naples with but too many of
those savage bands on whom these tyrants have
most relied to keep down their subjects. As soon
as Mr. BISHOP'S nationality was proved he had
nothing personally to complain of.
As to the grounds ,71f his detention after the fuller
investigation, we do no't see how our Government
can complain. What w:sl,9 found was certainly
enough to warrant a remand. He confesses that
on the opening of his desk—which they did not,
strong as were their suspicions, break open, but
after much time and trouble in searching for it,
opened by its own key—" There were three letters
given me to deliver to friends of some of my ac-
quaintances in Naples, in which reference was
made to the efforts they were making for the return
of the KING. In another was a detailed list of the
forces throughout the kingdom, which were armed
and in readiness to begin the general movement as
soon as the KING should approve it. These forces
amounted to 80,000 men."

It is impossible to deny that Mr. Bishop was, con-
sciously or xneonscioutsly, the bearer of what all the
jurists assert to be contraband of war—despatches
to the enemy—and Mr. BISHOP being the vessel
and person too, who conveyed them, must not be
surprised that he is captured as a lawful prize. He
says the letters were sealed, and that he was igno-
rant of their contents. We are, of course, bound to
take his word for it, till it is disproved ; but we
cannot blame the Italian Government for not
trusting implicitly, Mr. BISHOP'S veracity. But,
was there not a little circumstance calculated to
excite the strongest suspicion of Mr. BISHOP'S
partizanship ? The general fact that the letters
themselves showed that he was in friendly com-
munication with persons who were plotting
to subvert the Italian Government must
have impressed the authorities very unfavour-
ably—but acocrding to his own account the twin
pictures in his desk were photographs of his own
mother and of the ex-King of NAPLES, the latter
having the _King's signature on the back of it ! Of
course all this may be compatible with perfect in-
nocence. The latter picture may have been merely
a curiosity. Had we been offered it by a friend in
Naples, we should no doubt have put it into our
trunk. Still we could not have denied, if it had been
found packed with but one more, and that the one
of our own mother, that it would have presented to
searchers for treacherous documents, and especially
in connection with treasonable letters, a most suspi-
cions appearance. We cannot wonder that Mr.
Bailor should be able to tell as that " a savage
yell burst from the crowd surrounding the table,
on which lay strewn my desk and papers, and I
saw the delegato holding up a photograph of my
mother in one hand and a portrait of the King in
the other, on the back of which was his signature.
The portrait of the King was then thrown with
that of my mother on to the ground. Some pre-
tended to tread on them, and the delegato spoke out
a sort of form implying that the King and all who
followed him were the most infamous of creatures,
to which the whole company shouted ' Amen,'
and " Viva Garibaldi !" Under similar circum-
stances, could they exist in this country, we would
by no means pledge ourselves that the Bishop's
countrymen would not behave quite as contume-
liously to an ex-tyrant; and as to Garibaldi, any
knot of genuine Englishmen would be ready now
to raise the same shout.
On the whole, whatever our private opinions
as to the probable relations of Mr. Bishop with the
wretches who now, by the aid of the POPE
and his ex-Royal guest, are filling Southern
Italy with blood, we cannot exculpate him from
culpable negligence. On such a journey he ought
to have had proof that the letters he carried did not
contrain treason. Honest letters, he might have
remembered, could be intrusted to the ordinary
postal conveyances, and he ought to be able to show
that he had taken every reasonable precaution rot
to be made an unwitting tool of the worst of traitors.
Whether he was really an unwitting tool, it is for
Italian justice to decide. That justice will de done,
we have no doubt. We have an excellent Consul
at Naples ; but we could, now, trust the Italian
Courts themselves, and most of all in dealing with
an Englishman. The countryman of the Premier
who made the Speech on Italy, on Friday week, is
sure of a fair trial.

Further news from Warsaw. Our last advices
from that city being under date the 13th instant.
They recount in sombre characters the celebration
of the first anniversary of that deplorable massacre
of th 3 Bth April, 1861, in Warsaw, by which the
Russian authorities added another blackened and
bloodstained page to the history of Muscovite rule
over the chief part of the thrice partitioned king-
dom of STANISLAUS. True, there was still nomi-
nally iu foroo, on the ikth instant. in that
ancient capital of Poland the imperial ukase
against the wearing of mourning garments by
the Polish population. True, even that the
whole city and its immediate environs still re-
mained, as they have done for some time past, under
that dread military ban known as the State of
Siege. Yet, in defiance of those prohibitive measures, ,
on the Bth inst. the Cathedral and all the Catholic
churches of Warsaw,were crowded at all the religious
services appropriate to the day and to the votive
funeral ceremonials, commemorative of that lament-
able anniversary, by Polish men, Polish women,
and Polish children, all of them arrayed from head-
to foot in black. Spies lurked in vain at every
corner of the sacred edifices, from the porch to
the sanctuary—all in vain. Their presence was
to no purpose whatever, as a warning from attend-
ance. Equally ineffectual were all the additional
relays of Russian police scattered about the streets,
from sunrise to sundown. The anniversary was
duly, mournfully, religously kept by the
patriotic survivors of the Poles murdered
in the holy cause of Fatherland but one short year
ago—and kept, moreover, not secretly, but in the
open light of day, all the imperial might of his
Majesty the CZAR to the contrary nevertheless
notwithstanding. It is this irrepressible vitality
of Polish patriotism which constitutes the visible
and appreciable pledge of Hope to the friends of
Poland. No wonder that with a devotion so ear-
nest, so stubborn, so unconquerable in its way,
cherished in the heart's core of every native of
what once was Poland—no wonder that years of

subjection to Russian tyranny fail to crush
out the Patriotism of that scattered, divided,
and, in a great measure, exiled population.
It is with Poland literally as it is with
a certain class of creatures known to the students
of Natural History—creatures in which the prin-
ciple of life is so powerful, in a manner so perma-
nent, that if they are cut in half each moiety is still
an independent existence! Aud—if further divided
—each separate fragment becomes a distinct entity.
Polish patriotism in effect, we might say, cannot '
possibly be destroyed by that amount of butchery
which M. DE LAMERTINE is so fond designating
vaguely " decimation." That life of the life
of the whole Polish race, politically speak-
ing, can only be crushed out by its complete
and absolute destruction. Massacre any further
proportion of the Polish multitude—and the sur-
vivors will at once be prepared, at the very earliest
opportunity, to rise in arms, or if that be impos-
sible, to assemble in peaceful protest in prayer in
their churches, for example—silently, but grandly
and impressively, protesting in the face of Europe
against the tyranny of their oppressors.
Turning awhile now to glance at some of the
chief incidents marking the ceremonials of the Bth
instant—we cannot but be especially struck by
those that took place during the progress of the
religious service in the Cathedral. They possess
in some respects, a peculiar significance. It is re-
lated, for example, that after certain hymns (very
like the prohibited hymns that of late caused so
much chagrin to the Imperial Government)
—that after certain hymns had been
chaunted to Heaven by the congregation, suppli-
cating the Maker of All for a speedy and happy
deliverance of the country from her enemies (with-
out mentioning them, of course, though that certainly
would have been in the last degree snperfluous)—
the Archbishop of Warsaw (Monsignor FOLIASXI)
then began preaching—What P—obedience to and
confidence in the Czar ALEXANDER ! Surely an
inappropriate occasion to have selected for the
enforcement of such an appeal to the loyalty (!)
of the Polish population of Warsaw ! And
so marvellously inapposite that one can hardly
wonder that the Archbishop's words fell upon all
unwilling ears—particularly among the young
students forming a section of the prelate's congre-
gation. Hisses appear to have been raised by these
more impetuous and impassioned malcontents.
Nearly the whole body of the people, young and
old, and of both sexes, seem to have risen when the
Archbishop paused in his discourse upon this sibil-
lant interruption—and thereupon out of the porch of
the cathedral streamed almost the entire mass of
the congregation ! A silent, a solemn, a nearly
unanimous, a most unquestionably impressive
protest on its part against the words
it had just been listening to! As a mani-
festation against the Russian Autocracy,
this unpremeditated movement of a great assem-
blage of the people of Warsaw, of all classes, must
be recognised, at once, as one more effective than all
the mourning raiment that could be worn by them,
or than all the Patriotic Hymns they could chaunt.
That several of the young students were arrested
immediately upon their emerging from the door of
the cathedral, is certainly what alone could have
been expected. But that a score of these have
already been summarily imprisoned by their captors,
and sentenced to serve in the army of the Russian
AUTOCRAT as grey coated privates—will in no way
tend, we may be sure, to waken the still dormant
loyalty (save the mark !) of the Polish race, more
particularly of the population of Warsaw.

Tho question of tramroads for the million is not
one to be decided by a single jury, or even by the
present state of the law. If they are a public benefit,
a trivial nuisance to an individual or two, admitting
its occasional occurrence, cannot be allowed to push
aside a great public advantage ; it is somewhat of
a nuisance when a railway crosses a highway on
the level; it is even an occasional nuisance when a
high bridge has be to erected for the rails to pass
under ; we have ourselves been run away with by
a horse which was frightened for some minutes by
a train passing beneath its feet, just as we reached
the summit of such a bridge ; but it never
occurred to us that the nuisance ought to
interfere with the general convenience ; and
we should say the same of those drivers who
complained that the iron tramways were a slight
inconvenience to their vehicles. In our own case,
we thought that we ought to have used a little more
care, and if not certain of our horses' nerves to have
taken care that the train had gone past before we
approached the bridge. And we are perfectly sure
that on broad roads where the tramways are laid,
nothing whatever is needed but the most ordinary
care on the part of drivers of vehicles of every kind,
to render them altogether harmless. The flange to
be mounted by any wheel to get it off the tram, is
not to be mentioned with the ruts to be found
in many roads of considerable traffic; nor
is it even so bad, for a vehicle, as numberless holes
to be found, oftentimes, in the road, all the way
from the Bank to Paddington. At the worst, we
regard the question as being this—are Mr. TRAIN'S
tramroads such a public convenience, that a few
persons may be reasonably asked to use a little
extra care, rather than the public be deprived of
the new mode of conveyance.

The public meeting at the Horns Tavern, Ken-
nington (a brief report of which appeared in The Sun
of yesterday), must be confessed, even by the oppo-
nents of railways, to go a long way towards settling
this question. The inconvenience to individuals
must be slight indeed. The Chairman himself
would have been an adverse party if the
inconvenience amounted to a nuisance. He
was connected with a large firm close by, whose
vans, laden with precious goods, daily passed
over the tramway without any accident
of the slightest kind. Indeed, we must frankly
confess, that only in the most technical sense can
the trains be termed a nuisance at all to any one.
We do not think they would be so in comparatively
narrow roads, but to speak of them as a nuisance
in our broad suburban metropolitan roads, is some-
thing more like a good joke than a serious argu-
ment. Then, with regard to the public conve-
nience, the fact that six hundred thousand persons
had bean conveyed over the line since last August,
is of itself sufficient. It establishes the conclusion
that there is enough of demand on the part of the
vast majority of the residents in that part of the
metropolis to require the few who are dissatifie3
to give way to them. The extensive use of
these roads, however, in America, is itself
proof sufficient that the public find them
of great daily utility; and not only in America,
but in Liverpool and Birkenhead, to which the
vestry sent a deputation before authorising the
construction of the Lambeth tramway, the great
public convenience is equally acknowledged.
Whether the vestry has the strictly legal powers
or not to authorise the construction of such a
road is, of course, a purely legal question. We
do not for a moment wish that any of our
judges should strain law even in favour of a good
object, though we may reasonably ask that, if
arguments for and against are pretty evenly bal-
anced,
unreasoning individuals, should have the benefit
public utility, not the crotchets of
the

of the doubt. Let the law question, however, be
speedily settled, and if that be adverse to the
powers of the vestry, then let a vigorous effort be
made to sustain Mr. AYRTON'S proposed bill, giving
general powers to vestries in reference to such tram-
ways. The resolution of the meeting, that the
vestry had " a right" to permit Mr. TRAIN to make
the road, and that they exercised the right " far
the interest and convenience of the parish," is
undoubtedly true morally. If it be not true
legally, then an Act of Parliament ought to make
it so forthwith.

The third resolution is one in which the public,
when it knows the case as it ought to do, will gene-
rally concur. Mr. TRAIN'S tramway is " a great
public convenience, and does supply a deficiency,''
long felt not only in Lambeth but in every suburb
of the metropolis. The great body of persons who
uow want to pass from the central parts of the me-
tropolis cannot afford to use cabs. The present
omnibus fares are above what still greater
numbers can afford, for so much have
recent improvements demolished the habitations of
the working classes, that a single little room for a
whole family can be bad in or near the City proper,
only at an exorbitant rent. Considerations both of
health and morality demand that the working
classes, as well as the upper and lower sections of
the middle classes, should be able to reach the su-
burbs quickly and cheaply. This the present omni-
bus system does not enable them to do; nor will
anything do it, but some such system as Mr.TRAIN's.
Lord SHAFTESBURY and the philanthropists ought
to be his warm supporters. A system of tramroads
like his to all parts of the suburbs—north, south,
east, 'and west, would be a greater boon to the
working men of London than any of the many
schemes they kindly devise for their welfare. The
subject must not be hustled out of the way. It is
one of national importance.

The Abolition of the old-fashioned Passport Sys-
tem is slowly but surely spreading and spreading.
It is doing so by an expansion as inevitable in its
way as the growing of circle within circle upon the
dropping of a stone into still water. Eventually
the time will come, of course—of that we may rest
satisfied—when the whole of this preposterously
obstructive system must, in the very nature of
things, cease and determine. As yet, however,
we are, to be sure, but at the beginning
or at any rate, in view of the earlier
stages of the graduated course of abolition
upon abolitiun. France a year or two back set the
example to the rest of the nations of the European
continent. The fact that she did so will constitute
in days to come one of the most enduring glories of
the reign of his Majesty the Emperor NAPOLEON 111.
In the annals of that reign it will be coupled with
the inauguration of the principles of Free Trade as
applied to the regulation of French commerce with
England by means of the treaty negotiated by
Mr. COBDEN. A season or two has elapsed
since the EMPEROR came to the bold and
simple determination thus to do away with all
passports in regard to English voyageurs—
and now, behold the same wise plan is extended
across the Mediterranean, opening up henceforth
quite freely the traffic between Algeria and Mar-
seilles. The Fact that it is so, has been announced
now officially in a twofold manner—namely, first
of all through the Moniteur d'Algerie, by a circular
letter from the Governor-General of Algeria
(i.e. Marshal PELISSIER, Duke of MALAKOFF),
and is now again issued in a translated form to the
English public, through the columns of the London
Gazette, at the instance of the noble Earl, her
MAJESTY'S principal Secretary of State for the
Foreign Department. This document, which we
published in our impression of last evening is
eminently worthy of perusal. It marks another,
a very distinct, a readily appreciable, and a highly
satisfactory step in the right direction.

The Princess Caroline Murat is said to be seriously
indisposed at present. The Emperor and Empress of the
French have visited the Princess at the Botel Murat in the
Avenue de l'lmperatrice.

Lord Dalhonsie's health is greatly restored by
his residence on the Continent. He proposes being home
next month. He is likely to be at Brechin Castle by the
middle of the month ; and it is expected (says the Edin-
burgh Courant) will thereafter be present at the Free
Church General Assembly.

Mr. Butt, it is stated, will soon retire from the
representation of Y oughal. A Queen's counsel on the
Munster circuit, whose name is not mentioned, aspires to
be his successor.

MDME. JENNY LIND-GOLDSCHMIDT.--EXETER
HALL.— -Three performances of the oratorios of " The Mes-
siah," " The Creation," and Mendelssohn's "Elijah" are
announced to take place at Exeter Hall on Wednesday,
May 14, Wednesday, May 28, and June 4, the proceeds of
which, with characteristic generosity, Mdme. Goldschmidt
intends to devote to charitable purposes exclusively. The
first performance will be given in aid of the funds of the
Institutions for Distressed Needlewomen, and the other
two performances severally for the support of the Bromp-
ton Consumption Hospital and for the funds of the Royal
Society of Musicians, and the Royal Society of Female
Musicians. The great songstress will be aided by the talents
of Mr. Sims Reeves, Miss Palmer, Signor Belletti, and
Mr. W. Weiss, and the musical arrangements will be un-
der the direction of Mr. Otto Goldschmidt, who will be the
conductor. We trust that this liberal act will result in ex-
tensively benefitting the praiseworthy institutions in whose
behalf these performances are given.

The Japanese Ambassadors have just had their
portraits taken at the photographic establishment of M.
Nadar, Paris. The Ambassadors showed the most lively
interest in the operations. One of the officers of the suite
took the album of the establishment, and drawing from his
pocket a brush and ink requested M. Nadar to sit for his
portrait. M. Nadar also called for a pencil and paper, and
the two draftsmen set to work sketching each other, to the
delight of the Ambassadors, who went from one to the other
examining the progress of the work. Notwithstanding the
politeness which is due to strangers, " we are constrained,"
says Gal@nani, "to declare that the trial of skill between
Europe and Asia, the latter could not boast of superiority."
The commune of Batignolles, now become the
17th arrondisement of Paris, is every day increasing in its
population and buildings. The inhabitants, who in 1830
numbered only 6,000, amounted in 1860 to 65,000. The
vast extent of ground which lies between the Avenue de
Clichy and the Avenue de St. Ouen, which, only a short
time since was covered with market gardens and corn fields
is now intersected in every direction, as far as the fortifica-
tions, with lines for new streets, will be speedily bordered
by handsome houses.
The 11, obacher, of Algiers, announces the success
at Oued R'ir, in Constantino, of an Artesian well, giving
1,200 litres per minute.
SINGULAR CASE OF POISONING.—At the Town-
hall, Leicester, on Tuesday, before the mayor, Mr. Samuel
Viccars, a boy named Letts, about 10 years of age, was
brought up, charged under the following circumstances :
It appears that on the Friday previous, as two little chil-
dren named Hales, a boy and a girl, 6/ and 2i years of age
respectively, were returning from school down Harvey-
lane, about 12 o'clock, they were met by the prisoner, aho
geve the eldest of the children a large potato, saying that
there was pepper on it, and that it was nice, and he was to
eat it there and then. The little boy partook of it, and gave
some to his sister. On arriving at their home, in Thornton
lane, the children began to vomit, and showed symptoms
of having been poisoned. They told their mother what had
happened on the road from school, and she went for Dr.
Denton, who returned with her and administered to the
little sufferers the usual remedies, when they recovered,
though both continued in a very serious state for several
days. It happened on Friday night as Mrs. Hales was in
search of the prisoner she came across a little girl named
White, about nine years of age, who informed her that
Letts had offered her the potato, and on her refusing
to take it he struck her on the nose and made it bleed. This
led to the discovery of the prisoner-, who was identified by
the two children (the Haleses) as being the lad who gave
them the potato. The prisoner on being taken to the station
acknowledged to having given the children the potato, but
be gaveit tothem. On inquiries being
he could not say why
made it was found that Letts (prisoner's) mother had pro-
cured some arsenic coloured with soot for the purpose of
destroying vermin, and it is supposed that he had put some
on the potato to make it have the appearance of being pep -
pored. The children being quite recovered, the prisoner
Was discharged with an admonition from the mayor.

LATEST NEWS.

TURIN, APRTL 19.
The Bishop of Fano has been arrested by order
of the King's Procureur.

NAPLES, APRIL 18.

Advices received here from Rome confirm the
news that General Goyon has ordered the arrest of
Centrillo, one of the brigand chiefs, and the seizure
of 100,000 cartouche boxes and 400 uniforms, des-
tined for the brigands.

PARIS, APRIL 19.

According to a despatch received here through
Turkish sources the insurgents of the Herzegovina
were beaten in the late engagement near Niksick.

SMYRNA, APRIL 11.

A disturbance took place on Sunday in the Greek
Church on account of the clerical authorities re-
fusing to allow a funeral service to be performed
for the rebels who have fallen in Syra.

RAGUSA, APRIL 18.
The insurgents have beaten the Bashi-Bazouks,
under Dervich Pasha, near Niksich.
The latter, however, were able to retire freely,
leaving 150 killed and wounded.