The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON; THITRSDAY EVENNGT OCTOBER 2, 1862.

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THE SUN.
LONDON, THURSDAY, OCT. 2, 1862.

GARIBALDI is always greater with the sword in
his band than with the pen. His capacities are
not orbicular. He is essentially a man of action.
He is in no way whatever a man of words—whether
it be words spoken or words written. All he can ac-
complish in that way creditably to his reputation is
to raise a battle cry. In this way, at once as a speaker
and as a writer, he must take rank among the epi-
grammatists. His latest war cry after this fashion
was effective and comprehensible. " Rome or
Death ! "—it was a trumpet note in its instant
eloquence as telling as the most elaborate oration
ever delivered against CATALINE by CICERO, as the
most impassioned Philippic ever pronounced by
DEMOSTHENES. It only proved a futile summons
to the Italian people because it was uttered at the
wrong time. Even then, under those evil auspices,
ill-timed though it was to the last degree, it was
beginning to echo and re-echo among the Calabrian
mountains rather formidably, when by a sudden
blending of audacity and trea3hery on the part of '
the RATTAZZI Cabinet—

" The Eagle, in its pride of place,
Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed"
or, at any rate, cruelly wounded! GARIBALDI,
deceived by a flag of truce, surrounded by a band
of Bersaglieri, was shot down by the soldiers of
PALLAVICI/11, and borne away bleeding, in great
bodily suffering (a prisoner charged with treason),
upon the litter hastily constructed at Aspromonte.
Hardly any document that ever emanated from
GARIBALDI, scarcely any speech that ever fell
from the hero's lips before this calamitous enter.
prise of his which has terminated so very lamen-
tably, has been worthy of him, of his fame, of his
magnanimity, of his disinterestedness. We have
hardly ever read a speech of his without disappoint-
ment. We have certainly never yet perused a letter
or a proclamation of his that has appeared to us in
any way worthy of the great and heroic name
subscribed to it. Almost invariably we have turned
from the record of the speech, or of the document,
with a secret wish at heart that it had never been'
spoken, that it had never been written. The grasp
of
I.the Great Condotiere is more suited to the bend
the sword-hilt, than to the delicate tube of (that
often yet more potent weapon) the pen, or to the
rail of the tribune. As no exception to this rule of
disappointment, in regard to the spoken and writ-
ten words of GARIBALDI, we have occasion to direct
attention, with no more plea sure than we have
hitherto been
able to aerive from the articulate
effusions of General
tirARIBALDI'S thoughts and
emotions, to his remarkable " Address to the Eng-
lish Nation," published by us in extenso this even-
ing in another part of our impression.qu..e It is a
document written
It obviously from the
depths of the heart, .„a
utn.nlents. It is
under the in-
fluence of very profound Ben
far from being perfectly satisfactory,
these circumstances. It is scarcelya even under
just and accu-
rate expression, after all—we are qaite satisfied of
this—of the feelings with which GARIBALDI turns
his glance now towards England. It is occasionally
bombastic. It is here and there as vague as vague
can be. It is absurdly contrary to fact—where
speaks of the Great American Republic as "now
struggling for the abolition of Slavery !"__when
the Great American Republic is doing absolutely
nothing whatever of the kind! There is a
touch of rhod onion tade about that applica-
tion to VICTOR HTIGo of the title of the
" High Priest of Human Brotherhood." And
again, in that pretty little fanciful designation ap-
plied to the Swiss, viz,,—" The Vestals of the Sacred
Fire of Liberty on the Continent of Europe If
the Address had been as brief as the Hero's
battle cries, it would have been immeasurably
better for his reputaticn. Of this we are abso-
Vately Convinced. Is 'there no judicious friend,
yonder by the Generals pallet, who will snatch the

pen from his hand in future when he is about to ad-
dress himself in any deliberate and foimal manner to
his contemporaries'? He is a man of such importance,
by reason of his burning patriotism, of his astonish-
ing audacity, of his extraordinary achievements,
and of his sublime disinterestedness, that whatever
he addresses thus formally to his contempora-
ries has a very considerable prospect of
long surviving to the remembrance of after
times. We begrudge whatever is calculated to
mar his conspicuous reputation. And the distaff
is not more out of place in the hand of the ideal
HERCULES, than the pen is, to our thinking, in the
hand of GARIBALDI. Let the Hero content himself
in future with putting as few words as may be
upon paper. Enough for him to keep the edge
still keen upon his stainless sword.

All English mammas and papas, all at least
whose children are of schoolgoing age, have an in-
terest in the question mooted at Birmingham by Sir
J. PAKINGTON, one which has been indeed so often
discussed, but which will continue to be disculised,
for many generations to come. Nothing can appear
more unreasonable, at fitst sight, than that the study
of dead languages should form the chief subject of
the education of the living. What good can Eng-
lish boys and lads expect from giving the best of
their educational years to pouring over the gram-
mars, the lexicons, and the graduses of the languages
of Greece and Rome. The youth of those two great
peoples of antiquity did not teach their lads foreign
languages. The Greeks gave them the name of
" barbarous," and have furnished us with that word
as one of supreme contempt—a contempt
not greater than that with which it was usually
uttered by them. If Greeks did not teach their
boys Egyptian or Persian, why should we teach
our boys Greek? Perhaps it will be answered be-
cause the Romans, after all, did teach their children
Greek ; and if the old republicans did not know
much at first of that language, it is certain that
the later republicans, and one of the sternest of
them, too, learned to prize it, even in old age.
We may say, indeed, that Greece is at the bot-
tom of this devotion to the ancient language, and
all this discussion about it. Greece was the school-
master of Rome if Rome was the conqueror of
Greece, and Rome's best known poet has frankly
confessed the literary triumph of the conquered
nation. Roman literature would not have existed
had not that of Greece existed before it. The
rude and fierce masters of the world were
constrained to bow to the intellectual and
artistic superiority of the people whom their
legions could overpower, and the chief
title, to perpetuity, of Roman authorship is, that it
had thoroughly studied in the schools of Greece.
The marvellous superiority of that wonderful people,
and chiefly of those who dwelt in the little domain
of Attica, is apparent by one parallel—that of
France and England. The French are confessed to
be in a sense the modern Athenians—yet with what
a vast difference ! We, like the Romans, a less
polished and more practical nation, never think of
admitting the French as our teachers in matters of
literature and taste : we deem their influence in this
department enfeebling if not corrupting. But the
sturdy Romans did not hesitate to borrow from
Athens, and to urge the daily and nightly study of
the models she furnished. Rome was not indeed a
mere imitator, or her literature would have perished
long ago ; on the other hand, Roman thought
would never have attained a lasting form had it not
been moulded by the taste and thought of Greece.
What Hebrew thought has been to the morality
and religion of Christendom, Grecian thought has
thus become to the literature of European civilisa-
tion.

And here is the solution of the question—Why
can we not educate without going to Rome and
Greece ? The reason is twofold ; first, we cannot,
if we would, detach ourselves from all that has
gone before. We can no more dispense with an
educational conformity, to a large extent, with the
past, than we can dispense with a considerable con-
formity to the dress which a long tradition has
given us. We may vary, add, modify, in the one
as in the other, but no one save a Duke of ATHOL,
and a few other lightminded fops, can appear
among his fellow civilians in either a literal or an
intellectual garb, wholly diverse from theirs. Bat
the other, and the weighter reason is, that Greece
has given us, partly directly, in her own works,
and partly indirectly, through those of Rome,
models of literary beauty, and of thought, which
can never henceforth be neglected. No man who
has fairly studied them in his youth, even though
he may have used them but little since, can tolerate
well the idea of being denuded of what they have
given him. He knows that his own language,
and all its literature, is a different thing to him
from what it would otherwise have been. Its very
words, or half of them, would not have half the
meaning they now have, and as to speaking and
writing, he is constantly reminded by the trips of
intelligent, but half educated men, of the advantage
which he possesses. It would, too, be no difficult
thing to show that the most English of our writers
—SHAKESPEARE, SWIFT, BUNYAN even—would not
have been what they are, had not Greek and Latin
educated the country in which they wrote.
But, on the other hand, it is reasonable to con-
demn the mediaeval foppery of making Latin and
Greek everything. If the men of Birmingham had
the sense to find out that they wanted Latin in
their institution, and .to ask for it, it would be
equally creditable to the fathers who have passed
our great schools, and who see what the
around them, to ask that modern science
throughawnodld i
slanguages shall not be excluded from them.
Their sons
ought to know French or German, or
both, as well
their daughters; and they ought
not, in
disctta
sssions, and on occasions of public life
which require acquaintance with modern science,
to be ignorant of its very elements. We have
seen it ably argued, that science is the one thing
needful, the Alpha and the Omega in English edu-
cation ; that it alone
qualifies a man to extract the
greatest amount of comfort from the world around
m
him. This is true if we mean the physical world
merely. But since human beings are of far more
importance to his comfort than
all the material
creation, an education which places him in the b. st
possible position in regard to them
the very highest importance. is in truth of
We know of
nothing that can so fit a youth for the
moral
struggles of life as the Bible for his religious teacher,
and the classics for his secular models. The Bible
`and the classics have formed the minds of the
greatest of modern nations.

It is really frightful to read of the miseries in-
flicted on an innocent country by the Emperor of
the FB.ENCII through the Holy Father. Though the
larger bands of brigands have been put down, smaller
companies of them still murder and pillage, shel-
tered from dangek by their easy retreat to the skirts
of the papal vestments. We have not heard so
much of them, since the larger bands were broken
'up and their leaders shot, but in the districts adja-
cent to the remaining States of Church, they are as
active as ever. The leaders are well known by
name, and the numbers of men with them which
range from twenty to eighty. A letter in a con-
enumerated nine of these
temporary yesterday

leaders, and:desoribed their followers. The writer

says—

"There is this difference between the organisation of this
and the last year, that the bands are smaller, more übiqui-
tous, and more destructive, while almost all are mounted.
Of the enormities they commit I have given you an instance
already ;, take two or three others. It is not long since 12
girls were carried off from Rotondella into the wood, and
because they would not submit to the brutal passions of the
band were all murdered, one being literally hacked in
pieces. In another place after a brigand had been shot his
confederates a few days after set fire to a tract of country
several miles in circuit. Their parents are walking outside
a city in the same province with two children, when one is
suddenly seized, and a ransom of 12,000 ducats demanded
and received. Do not hesitate to receive my statements;
they can all be confirmed, and even worse; and the con-
sequences are that fear and discouragement prevail every-
where in the outlying provinces. Thousands of acres will
lie this year uncultivated. There are many whom I could
name who have lost their 30,000 or 40,000 ducats from in-
cendiary fires and wholesale robberies."
Take another individual case, for in the general
term brigandage we are apt to forget what savages
these men are—how utterly indifferent to human
life, and wasteful destruction of property they
cannot carry away. Dates and places are given ;
the victims were the bride and bridegroom in a
bridal party :
" As a bridal party, consisting of a lovely young per-
son of the Cinelli family, 16 years of age, of her bride-
groom, her mother, and one of their domestics, were the
day after the wedding travelling from Campobasso by a
public conveyance, they ware fallen upon by a party of
thirty mounted bandits. The attempt of these latter
to force the bride along with them was resisted by the
bridegroom, who was consequently killed on the spot. The
young wife, roused into fury by the fall of her husband,
broke out into such curses and invectives against the mur-
derers that these could only silence her by laying her down
dead by the side of the dead. The villains then compelled
the old servant to strip the bodies of the unhappy couple of
all their ornaments and clothes before the eyes of the dis-
tracted mother, and, after also robbing all the other travel-
lers of all they had about them, they made off with perfect
impunity.

There is no reason for thinking these tales
of horror worse than scores which which might be
told. And then, as bad as all these atrocities, is
the seduction of the poor ignorant peasantry to
join the standard of these robbers, through the no-
torious favour accorded to them by the POPE, and
through representations that it is all in the name
of their late monarch, whose cause the Holy Father
espouses. Thus these districts are not only kept in
continual alarm, and rendered the scenes of the
most barbarous atrocities, but the peasantry
themselves are demoralised in the name of
religion and of loyalty. The cause of plunder
and even murder is the cause of Pope Pius and
FRANCIS II ! Yet this is but too true. It is their
mode of avenging themselves on the people who, as
a whole, have thrown off their yoke. The KING
and the Arch-Priest can little hope to regain posses-
sion of the territories they so misgoverned, but they
can hope to lead many of the inhabitants such a
wretched life as to make them dissatisfied with
their present Government, and to create the opinion
that Italy cannot be governed as a whole kingdom.
What the inhabitants ought to know, however,
and what the better portion of them well know, is
that the POPE and the KING are but the tools, the
willing tools, it is true, of a mightier monarch.
The POPE and his Minister, ANTONELLI, well
understand that they are protected against their
own subjects for this very purpose. They are quite
aware that the more they can disturb Italy, the
longer they will enjoythe protection of French troops.
To them all the sham proposals and arrangements
which can come from the Tuileries are quite intel-
ligible—they mean, "Let us go on for ever disputing
provided you keep up the blister, and I enable
you to do it." In the recently published corre-
spondence between the EMPEROR and his HOLI-
NESS, some of our contemporaries see an indica-
tion of the approaching withdrawal of the French
troops from Rome; we see nothing of the kind.
Of course, it is possible—any surprise is possible
in such a quarter—but the natural interpretation
is, that it is just another display to serve the
purpose of a little discussion for a while, without
the slightest intention of any corresponding ac-
tion. The EMPEROR relies on brute force alone.
All that is noble in France dislikes the dirty
business of Rome ; all that is liberal and enlight-
ened in her has, ever since the Revolution, amongst
the men at least, refused faith in a Vicar of
CHRIST ; but to uphold him as a political device,
when all religious faith in him has wholly departed,
is still a popular device with the governing classes.
The illiterate, including the army, arc best man-
aged, as in all countries, by the help of a priesthood,
whom the educated despise; and hence the latter,
even those who thoroughly understand the insin-
cerity of the whole policy,' are not eager to throw
it aside.

We only hope that the Emperor, Pope, Cardinal,
and all, may at last overreach themselves. They
may throw the Italians into more active reliance
on England. The latter know that England is their
hearty friend, and that the goodwill of PALMER-
STON, RUSSELL, and GLADSTONE towards Italy,
has done much to keep them in office, and their
opponents out ; they will hardly ask us to inter-
vene by force ; but, if after vainly appealing to the
man who makes Rome the ulcer instead of the liv-
ing head of Italy, they should turn to us, we must
take some action. Already some views of this kind
have been uttered in Italy ; and if the EMPEROR
persists in his military intervention where he con-
fesses he has no international right to be, he may
find that English influence will become in Italy
more potent than that of France. The end might
t hen be near.

Yesterday the thirty-second annual meeting of
the British Association, for the advancement of
Science, was formally and brilliantly inaugurated
at Cambridge. The proceedings were as satisfac-
tory, as the arena this year selected for them was,
in every essential particular, suitable. It is not,
of course, the first occasion upon which Cambridge,
that ancient seat of learning, has been selected as
the rendezvous of the gifted and laborious promo-
ters of the British Association. In two previ-
ous years, as now, in 1862, it has been to the
men of science of England, of Europe, of
the wide world, the appointed place of assem-
bly.
Then,
l a
as now, this scientific gather-
ing, under the na ofplace
a ceßritish
andto
Association,the wasoccasion—to
to
recognised as
having a two-fold attraction about it.
An attraction to then
Cambridge
and to the British Association.
Occurring as these
same scientific congresses
annually do, in the leisure time
of the year,
they have always found many of the leading
intellects of this land enabled by reason of that very
leisure to take part in the proceedings incident to
the
is not by any means an except. ion
meetings of the Association. The present
year The
assembly is numerous and distinguished.
And
presiding over the doings of the Association n 1862
is a man of science not unworthy to take
i
his place
in the chair after the many illustrious men who
have occupied it as his predecessors. I need
not
refer," said Mr. FAIRBAIRN, 011 yielding up his
post yesterday as the last year's President of the
Association, " I need not refer to the services
to science"—
'which Professor WILLIS has rendered
adding, amidst the cheers of an audience pecu-
ii4rl9 competent to pronounce a formal opinion

as to the justice of these emphatic words of corn-
mendation, " they [i.e. the scientific services of
Professor WILLIS] are well-known in Cambridge
and in the country, and they are appreciated by
all the learned societies of Europe." It would
surely be at once a deeply interesting and a singu-
larly instructive compilation—to which we would
here fain commend the attention of Mr. JOHN
Tmrßs, or of some other skilled scientific compiler—
a compilation containing within it in due sequence
an epitomised record of the sayings and doings of
the British Association since the date of its com-
mencement—a compilation having prefixed to each
year's records of those sayings and doings,
a memorial of the two and thirty emi-
nent men who have in succession filled
the chair of the Association as President. Not one
of these Presidents has there been but he might be
spoken of as a man of mark, sufficient of himself to
lend a value and interest, through the medium of
his biography, to the work we are here hinting as,
in many respects, so very desirable.
The especial claims possessed by Cambridge to be
again selected as the arena, or rendezvous, of the
Britishes rda association,
by the
new
were thus admirably recounted
s President, in the very opening
te
of his inaugural address. "It was at Cambridge,"
said Professor WILLIS, " that the original plan of
the Association bore fruit by the receipt of the first
paper, which contained the results of experiments
instituted expressly at the request of the Associa-
tion. The success of the Association was now
confirmed by the numbers of compositions and
annual subscriptions paid. in, and by the help of
these funds a most important measure was intro-
duced—namely, the practice of granting in aid of
philosophical researches, to be undertaken by indi-
viduals or committees at the request of the associa-
tion, sums of money to meet the outlay required for
apparatus or other expenses, which could not be
asked from persons who were otherwise willing to
devote their time to the advancement of science. It
was at Cambridge that the importance and authority
of the association had become so manifest that the
first of its applications for Government assistance
towards scientific objects was immediately complied
with by the grant of £5OO to reduce the Green-
wich observations of BRADLEY and MASBELYNE. At
this third meeting improvements were made in the
distribution of the sciences to the sections, and a
section of statistics added. The only change in
this respect that was subsequently found necessary
was in the establishment of a separate section for
mechanical science applied to the arts, in 1837.
The employment of alphabetical letters to distin-
guish the sections had been introduced in 1835. I
have said enough," observed Professor WILLIS (and
with reason !), " to claim for the Cambridge meet-
ing the honour of completing the development of
the association." We will hope, and indeed we
have no difficulty in confidently believing, that from
this third assemblage at Cambridge will date a new
and a more auspicious epoch still in the develop-
ment of the British Association—as a material and
practical means for the advancement of science, not
in England alone, but in all parts of the habitable
globe.

His Excellency the Ambassador of France and
the Countess de Flahault are expected in town on or about
the 10th inst. from their seat in Scotland.

His Excellency the Turkish Ambassador arrived
in town on Tuesday last from St. Leonards to transact busi-
ness at the embassy. His excellency returned to St. Leo-
nards yesterday.
The Marchioness of Clanricarde and Lord Dun-
kellin have arrived at Longleate on a visit to the Marquis
and Marchioness of Bath.

The Countess of Sefton has been receiving a suc-
cession of visitors at Crosteth Hall, Lancashire, during the
past week.

Viscount and Viscountess Ashbrook and the Hon.
Miss Flower have left Farrance's Hotel for Brighton.

The Dowager Lady Huntingfield, Lady and Miss
Rowley, and Miss Southwell have left Brown's Hotel,

Lord Hubert de Burgh has left town for Turin.

DEATH OF SIR JOHN INGLIS.—We regret that
we have to announce the death of Major-General Sir John
Eardley Wilmot Inglis, K.C.8., colonel of du 32d Regi-
ment, and commander of the troops in the lonian Islands.
From a private letter from a noble and learned lord nearly
connected with the deceased hero, we learn the sad intelli-
gence that Sir John Inglis died on Saturday, the 27th ult.,
at Homburg. It will be remembered that this distinguished
officer was in command of the garrison at Lucknow, and
defended that position with a very small force of English
soldiers already enfeebled by privation and by the diseases
incident to a hostile climate against an enormously dispro-
portioned force of mutineers. For that noble defence he
was made a Knight Commander of the Bath. Subsequently
he was appointed to the important post of commander of her
Majesty's troops in the lonian Islands. But his health,
shaken by the long anxiety and desperate privation of the
defence of Lucknow, could not be re-established in so ad-
verse a climate as that to which his new duties consigned
him. He continued to sink until his medical advisers
thought it their duty to recommend that he should try the
more congenial air of Germany. Sir John Inglis was rather
over 50 years of age.
THE WAR TN AMERICA.—CONFEDERATE TERMS
or PEACE.—The following article appeared in the Rich-
mond (Virginia) Inquirer on the eve of the invasion of.
Maryland by the Confederate forces :—" General Lee un-
derstands the Northern character well enough to know that
the surest guarantee of an early peace is the vigorous pro-
secution of present successes. He has shown himself to be
a general who properly estimates the value of quick and
rapid movements ; he is pressing forward towards the
enemy's country, and nothing but a speedy offer of the most
favourable terms of peace will prevent an early invasion of
northern territory, carrying to the enemy's home the same
I kind of warfare that has been practised by them in the
South. When the fact of invasion is forcibly presented to
the Northern mind, our own terms of peace will be offered
us, The only terms which the Confederate States can ac-
cept will be the immediate recognition of the present Con-
federate States, and the permission to the other States to
elect their own destiny, and to decide whether their
future shall be with the Confederate States or with
the United States. We are of the opinion that
the principle of election should be applied not
only to the border slave States, but to each
and all of the remaining United States, Not that any
of the Northern States are wanted in the Confederacy, but
as an acknowledgment of the right of secession—for which
this war has been waged. The peace which ends this war
should acknowledge the ends for which it was fought, and
apply its principles to each and all of the United States.
We do not see the necessity for any proclamation to the
North-Western States about the free navigation of the
theriver—that
North-Western
has ake
Statesad already been
haveth
sufficientlynotw
ing that offer, as vigorously sustained the war as any of the
s de-
clared,
other Northern States. We are unwilling to mitigate the
r Mississippie
, d
force and effect of our victories by extending favours or
offers to any portion of our enemies. The ability to con-
quer a peace has been demonstrated ; let us do nothing
that will appear like an effort to purchase it. The earnest
desire of the people of the Confederate States for peace is
known to the North. Whenever the United States are
prepared to have peace, it can be obtained on proper terms
In the meantime, cur army will steadily approach the
enemy's territory, and be prepared to aid all peaceably-dis-
posed persons and communities by co-operating against
the enemy's forces."

IIIPRISONMENT FOR DEBT. Yesterday the
monthly return of persons confined for debt in Whitecross-
street Prison was made to the Court of Bankruptcy under
the new act, and one of the registrars will shortly hold his
" Court" to hear the cases of persons to be released. There
is only one other prison for debtors in the metropolis, Horse-
monger-lane Gaol; and very tew debtors are therein con-
fined. In Whitecross -street Prison the number yesterday
was 101, including 20 commitments from County Courts,
and 15 persons who were received from the Queen's Prison.
The number of persons received since the last monthly re-
turn from the Queen's Prison was in all 20, and of that
number five, including an inmate who had spent more than
20 years of his life in the place, have been discharged. The
Queen's Prison has been finally closed, and premises
delivered to the Commissioners of Public Works. The pri-
soners were received by Mr. Lay, one of the chief officers of
Whitecross-street Prison, in two omnibuses. By an ex-
press proviso in the New Bankruptcy Act, County Court
prisoners cannot be discharged under its provisions: and are
worse off than if committed by the Supreme Courts for E,
large amount. It is expected that the law will be altered,
and both class of prisoners put on the same footing.
CORONER'S INQUEST.—An inquest was held to
day on the body of the unfortunate woman Eliza Keefe,
whose death was said to have been caused by the ill-
usage eh©
received from her husband. The evidence
adduced was the same as that given at the Mansion-house,
yesterday, and which will be found in another part oi
.[he Mo. Verdict—Manslaughter.

LATEST NEWS.

AMERICA.
NEW YORK, SEFT. 20 (Morning).
(Per Kangaroo, via Roche's Point.)

The Governors of Pennsylvania and Ohio have
issued a call to the Governors of all the Union
States to meet on the 24th September at Altoona,
Pennsylvania.
The New York press strongly condemns the
Federal officers for surrendering Harper's Ferry,
and urge a military tribunal of inquiry.

LISBON, OCT. 1 (Evening).

The American war-sloop St. Louis has sailed
westward in pursuit, it is said, of some Confederate
cruisers, which have lately been burning whalers
off the Azores.

PARIS, OCT. 2.
The Paris papers of to-day publish the following
telegram :

ALEXANDRIA, OCT. 1.

Said Pasha has arrived here in good health.
According to news received here from Syria the
insurrection in the Hauran continues. The Turks
have abandoned Mezrah, and re-entered Damascus.

The Bedouin Chiefs who attacked Fayoum have
been taken prisoners.

MADRID, OCT. L

The Liario Espanol of to-day states that the
opening of the Cortes is fixed for the Ist of Decem-
ber.

THE BRAZILS AND RIVER PLATE.
SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 2.
The Royal mail steam-ship Tyne, with the above
mails, has arrived here.
She brings 64 passengers, £29,349 in specie, and
1,320 packages of cargo.
BUENOS AYRES, AUG. 28.

The passing by both Houses of Congress of the
Capital Bill, declaring Buenos Ayres the seat of
Government, has greatly restored public confidence.
Business in the produce market was quiet.
Stocks of dry hides large, sheepskins abundant,
wool limited. Prices unaltered.

Freights for England unaltered. Tobacco was
engaged more freely. Exchange from 645. to
655. 6d.

The weather at Pernambuco was favourable for
the sugar crops, which were expected to be large.
The present stocks were small.

Prices of cotton had advanced. Dry hides sold
at 165 to 170 reis per pound. Exchange 261.
At Bahia the sugar market was quiet, and quota-
tions nominal. Coffee no sales. Freights dull.
Exchange firm at 261.

PORTUGAL.
LISBON, SEPT. 28.
(Per Tyne, via Southampton.)

A general illumination took place yesterday in
celebration of the Royal marriage at Turin.

Salutes were fired from the forts and the vessels
in the harbour.

The King has presented to the Queen the Grand
Cross of the Order of Conception, and the decora-
tion of the Order of St. Isabel.
The Government has spent large sums of money
in the erection of triumphal arches, &c.
The anniversary of the death of the late King
was solemnly observed.
Dom Fernando and several high State func-
tionaries have attended High Mass in the Church
of St. Vincent.

The King attended Mass in the Chapel Neces-
sidades, not wishing to awake painful memories in
St. Vincent, where his brother lies.

Although the vintage is scanty, the vines look
healthy, and it is hoped the disease will eventually
disappear.

The news received from the Azores is more
favourable.
The weather at Lisbon is wet and stormy.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Business dull. Money market tight.
The demand for grain is inconsiderable, and old
stocks remain still unsold.

Exchange on London, 531- ; on Paris, 530 ; Ham-
burg, 481 ; Genoa, 526 ; Rentes, 461 to 46/ ; Cou-
pons, do., 461 to 461.

THE CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 2.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Ripon, with the heavy portion of the above mails,
has arrived here. She brings 49 passengers, and
1,756 packages of cargo, including raw silk value
£160,000.

On the 22d ult. she spoke the steamer Delta; on
the 23d, the Euxine ; and on the 30th, the Ellora
and Alhambra.

On the Ist inst. she passed the Channel squadron
off the Start, steering N.
Gibraltar, Sept. 27—Exchange on London, 90
days, 50i ; Paris, 527; Marseilles, 528; Genoa,
528; Madrid, eight days' sight, 4 prem.