The Sun.
London, England, 1862-06-06 00:00:00

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THE SUN.
LONDON, FRIDAY, JUNE 6, 1862.

Another extraordinarily comprehensive Oration it
will be seen was delivered yesterday by ,Lord
BROUGHAM. It was pronounced by the noble and
learned Lord, before an immense and influential
auditory, from the platform of Exeter Hall. And
it celebrated the inauguration of the sixth annual
Congress of the National Association for the Pro-
motion of Social Science. The range taken by the
venerable orator was as vast and as varied as that
of the very scheme of the Society on which he (more
fittingly than any other man now living) has been
chosen to preside. It realized the sonorous verse
of JOHNSON at its very outset, this elaborate
harangue delivered yesterday by Lord BROUGHAM,
who therein contrived with the ease of one
endowed with an all-embracing and orbicular
genius, a skilled master in all the sciences, a ripe
student in all the ologies, to—
" Survey mankind from China to Peru I"

Listening to the introductory portions of the
inaugural address which was read last evening to
the National Association by its President, it was
like watching LE PERE RODIN in EUGENE SUE'S
Juif _Errant, turning slowly but glibly upon its
axis, with the touch of a reverent finger, an effigy of
the Globe, over which the aged form bent in
meditation. With this difference, however, that
M. RODIN'S influence is deseribed to have been as
malific upon the fortunes of his fellow-men
as Lord BROUGIIAM'S is known to have been benefi-
cent. Otherwise there is the same sense of intel-
lectual power, far-spreading and long-sustained--a
power unconquerable with years—a power exer-
cised for good or for evil through successive gene-
rations and in either hemisphere.
After paying a most just and a most eloquent tri-
bute to the memory of the lamented Prince Consort,
the noble and learned President of the National
Association for the Promotion of Social Science, at
once carried the minds of his hearers with him in
his keen but rapid survey of the condition of the
various powers of the earth. Now his glance of
commendation was turned upon tha CZAR'S eman-
cipation of the serfs throughout his vast dominion.
Now to the enlightened improvements introduced
by the SULTAN CALIPH into the hitherto chaotic
jumble by the Turkish Finances. Now to the
hopes dawning fur Austria that her long-
es resources
kindred
egleeted commercialeven
yet be developed hop
which have already so Ca • riled away the
imagination of the honourable
member
dlebaremr for edgentle-
man, the highly
impressionable
re-
actionary Shef-
field. Lord BROUGHAM had words of weighty
import to pronounce also upon the lamentable
tendencies noticed of late in the policy
of
the Prussian Government. He had heartfelt gym_
pathies to articulate in regard to the prospect, of
unity in the Roman peninsula. He had allusions
to make, allusions in some respects fraught with
encouragement in their way in regard to the de-
Telopment in France of a Parliamentary and Con-
stitotional Government. His observations upon
the fratricidal war still raging in North America,
will be turned to with the liveliest in-
however,
terest and the most eager curiosity by all classes
not only in this the old mother country, but in the
Northern and Socthern States of the now divided
confederation. Of the concf sa
ernme lon
nt of the Right very recently made
of
there by the Federal Gov
Search, Lord BROUGHAM speaks thus emphatically :
"I regard this as the second real blow struck at the
slave trade. The fist was the Act which I had the
bappinss of passing through Parliament just half
a century ago for punishing it as a great crime
instead of treating it as mere contraband law
soon after adopted by America, but never till of
late really executed. Let us hope that our Govern-
ment may be encouraged by this important success
to use with Spain a language no longer capable of
being misunderstood, and peremptorily to demand
the execution of the contract for which she
received so large a sum of money, and which she
has ever since most scandalously
broken in all
manner of ways, making the slave trade
a regular means of enriching her colonial

Governors sent to recruit their ruined fortunes by
bribes from felons, the result being the importation
into Cuba of forty thousand negroes yearly." Natu-
rally enough, after taking into consideration the
actual state of things on the opposite shores of the
Atlantic, Lord BROUGHAM turns his glance home-
wards immediately afterwards, with a view to con-
sider briefly the probable effect of the American
War upon ourselves, upon our own people here in
England, but more particularly in our manufacturing
districts. And here, we note at once the noble,and af-
fectingpatienceevidenced by the population actually
thrown out of work by a lack of the raw material
required in the cotton factories. He commends not
only their wise patience under privation, bat their
rational forethought also manifested in their en-
deavours to mitigate its evil consequences. This
being evidenced of course by the progress already
made, and still making, in the cooperative move-
ment. Not only does Lord BROUGHAM (es is but
natural) rejoice over this spectacle opened up to
the view of all in those afflicted districts in the
North, but he especially notices likewise the
significant fact that in spite of the many and
great inducements there are to crime by reason
of this wide spread distress, there is actually
observable there a very marked diminution in the
number of commitments. By a readily comprehen-
sible transition, the noble and learned lord turns
from the consideration of the number, more or less
of our criminals, to an examination of the many
schemes that have, of late years especially, been
suggested, with an eye to their more judicious treat-
ment. He gives the palm, we observe, to the Irish
system, and fairly flings down the gauntlet of open
challenge at the feet of Sir JOSHUA JEBB,
calling upon the latter to make good the
claims of his own system (if he can) to
perform. The WINDHAM Lunacy Commission, the
ROBERTSON Court-martial, the arbitrary powers
claimed of late by one or two of our Colonial Go-
vernors, the questionable capability of the Benchers
to uphold as it requires to be upheld, that is, vigi-
lantly and promptly, the honour of the Bar of
England, the different suggestions recently thrown
out with a view to facilitate and simplify the trans-
fer of land—these and other themes are passed in
swift but searching review before us as we follow
the majestic course of this stream of grave thoughts,
poured forth in language of sedate and impressive
eloquence by the genius of Lord BROUGHAM. Re-
ferring, towards the close of his address, to
the long and (of late, we all grieve to
remember) the bitterly "vexed" question of
Popular Education in this country, the noble and
learned lord we are rejoiced (though in no way of
course in the slightest degree surprised) to learn,
expresses himself decidedly in favour of the Re-
vised Code. Our surprise could only have been in
this matter had his opinion been otherwise. " De-
voted," says Lord BROUGHAM (now in his eighty-
fourth year) " to this great subject for upwards of
half a century, having presided over the celebrated
Education Committee in the one house, and brought
forward various measures in both, and obtained
from my colleagues in the Ministry of 1830 the first
grant of public money, the origin of the rapidly
increasing yearly grants, and of the Privy
Council jurisdiction, I may be pardoned for feeling
a peculiar interest in the expenditure of the sums
given, and in the progress of the plan, and for shar-
ing largely in the astonishment felt by all reflecting
men, real friends of education, at the attempts made
to assert a vested interest in teachers or school
inspectors, because they have been engaged and
employed—a determination to insist upon payments
by the State, but to exclude all effectual valuation
of the instruction paid for. A check of boundless
expenditure, and correction or prevention of
systematic abuse, was the chief object of the
revision applied to the code. This became the
subject of violent controversy, and though
some of the best portions of the plan remain,
much that was highly important has been
-abandoned." Commending no less emphatically
the endeavours now being promoted by some of the
most earnest among our practical philanthrophists
to assist large classes of the gentler sex either to
new employments or to judicious emigration, the
noble and learned President closes his harangue
by recommending the society to enter upon its
labours this session promptly and energetically.
And certainly the systematisation of these labours
cannot but be appreciably promoted by the delivery
of a discourse at the outset so philosophically com-
prehensive as the one last evening pronounced at
the inaugural sitting by Lord BROUGHAM.

Perhaps many of the readers of our paper, pub-
lished on the Derby Day, gave little attention to a
parliamentary paper which we quoted on the con-
dition of the French navy. We pass lightly over
the wooden ships—in these our superiority is incon-
testable. Lord CLARENCE PAGET told us in Feb-
ruary that we had 61 screw liners (four of them on
the stocks), 53 frigates (nine of them on the stocks),
and altogether a steam fleet of 680 vessels, of which
525 were actually afloat. And this against 319
French steamships afloat and 41 building. The
liners being but 36, the frigates but 42. The in-
teresting question is what is the truth, OH official
authority, respecting the iron navy of France.
What about Lord PALMERSTON'S thirty-six iron
plated ships ? We can only say, that if any of our
readers will turn back to The Sun of Wednesday,
and look over the items of the report they will
certainly be in no panic. Whatever the number
ordered, planned, and begun, the work is
going on at a pace which cannot alarm the most
timid. Only four iron plated ships are now
ready for service, and the rest making such slow
progress that had we occasion to put on the full
power of our public and private yards, we might
be prepared to run them all down as they came out
of port.
The two nearest completion are, of course, the
Solferino and the Magenta. They are naval monu-
ments of land victories—the French not having
many naval victories from which they could name
their
figure in
ships. As a large proportion of the men who
their naval conscriptions are but lands-
men,
perhaps this is more appropriate in their case
than it would
large two be in ours, These two ships are
deckers, the Solferino mounting 52 guns,
which probably the Minister of Marine would now
not unwillingly exchange for a battery of fewer and
far more powerful guns, on Capt. COWPER COLES'
principle. We can feel
no doubt that were Cap-
tain COLES' new vessel to
come into conflict with
the Solferino, she would serve her far worse than
the Monitor did the Merrimac, probably sink her,
certainly send her into port again,
The Solferino
and the Magenta bad a great deal to be dose to them
in May, when Captain HORE visited them. Both
are much delayed by a spur for which each is wait-
ing—that of the Solferino is to weigh 16 tons. It
must be fixed before the upper plating is added.
There is little appearance, even if the work be
hastened, of these ships being ready before next

year.
When we look at the report on the character or
state of the rest, they certainly can cause us no
alarm. The French seem to act on the principle of
beginning a great deal, but proceeding very slowly
with it. Instead of all being life and activity in
their dockyards, they have vvT.ykiiicleed enough cut
A