The Sun.
London, England, 1862-07-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 22, 1862,

here than there was a year or more ago, that the
North would not only act most prudently in giving
up the contest at once, but that it ought to do so.
Mr. WEED states fairly the causes of European
want of sympathy with the North. We have been,
he says, always forward to sympathise with those
who were struggling to overthrow monarchies, and
shown alacrity in recognising the independence of
such as struggled successfully. lie suggests, there-
fore, by inference, though of course be would not
venture to express it, that we might have a reci-
procal feeling towards those who struggle to over-
throw that rule-of-the-many which the old Greek
poet pronounces so emphatically to be—not good;
and, that we might be willing to recognise, too,
with alacrity, the independence of those who had
struggled successfully to throw off the yoke of
twenty millions of sovereigns. He does not forget
the MORILL Tariff as a natural cause of aliena-
tion, and says that the emissaries of the South used
it to show that the North desires a disruption of
friendly relations. Certainly, if commerce be only
one of the strongest bonds of amity between
nations, the MORILL Tariff cut it nearly through.
The impression produced here by the natural
differences between the North and the South, and
by Mr. GLADSTONE'S expresesd opinions are
specially referred to, and fairly stated. Mr. WEED
objects to Mr. GLADSTONE'S view of the Federation
being a mere co-partnership dissolchargesuble
him withatthewishof
either party. He especially also i
forgetting that the South, if supposed to be a retir-
ing
securities partner, broke
the
open
common
p property
safe,er
tyandof
f thestole
fl
rm valuable,—
for
tifications, arms, post-office, Custom-houses, public
moneys and the like. But does Mr. WEED forget
two facts—one that the South, on a rough calcula-
tion, must be entitled to just that part of the par-
nership stock which lay within its territory, and
next that it offered to enter into arrangements for
a fair valuation and division of the stock. Nothing
however did the North require less than equitable
division.

Mr. WEED does not think that England, France
Belgium and Germany, though they begin to ex-
perience severe inconvenience in regard to their
cotton supply, will " intervene," of which the recent
debate will more fully assure him. He attributes
the impatience of France under the cotton famine,
not to unfriendliness, but to the EMPEROR'S " as-
suming, in the absence of employment, to supply
his people with food. While the North is success-
ful in war he does not fear intervention, and it is
remarkable that this is written on the Ist of July,
just at the close of the six days' disastrous retreat.
Mr. WEED looks, however, at the series of irritat-
ing causes which have engendered hostile feeling
on both sides the water. While he owns that the
Trent affair was " rightfully settled," he yet testi-
fies that it has "left an arrow with poisoned barb
festering in our (American) flesh, and irritating our
nerves." English expectation of war, and prepara-
tions for it, are assigned as the reason; but he adds that
truth and fairness compel him to say that Govern-
ment and people sincerely believed that we " desired
a rupture with them ; and sought occasions to taunt
and snub them." He mentions among the causes of
this impression, our opinion that by "bullying" they
obtained advantages over us in the two boundary
questions; also the dismissal of Mr. CRAMPTON,
and our Consul, Mr, BARCLAY ; American sympa-
thies with Russia in the Crimean war, the threats
to wrest Canada from us, and Secretary SEWARD'S
hostile declarations towards England. He acknow-
ledges that some of these grounds of complaint
were well taken, and even shows that from our
point of view we did not act unkindly in acknow-
ledging the South as belligerents.
On the whole, Mr. THURLOW WEED'S paper
may, as the production of an American, be regarded
as an apology for England. He seems to have fairly
appreciated our position, and comprehended our
feelings. To us it seems to say to his countrymen,
do not judge England recklessly. There are dan-
gerous elements of embroilment between the two
countries, but it is from misunderstanding each
other. If both be fair and conciliatory, all will
yet be right.

The cotton question is fast becoming every one's
question. Mr. GLADSTONE must soon feel it in the
Exchequer, for our imports depend on our exports.
Not only are the latter needed as the means of
paying for Custom-house articles from abroad, we
might get over that in a measure by indirect trade ;
but our exports represent the immense amount of
wages which contribute their share so largely to
the consumption of tea and coffee, of tobacco, of
sugar, of spirits, and of beer. Lord PALMERSTON
will feel it in his fortifications, for he will uardly
venture, with diminished receipts and the possi
bility of an appeal to the Government for aid by a
loan, to go on sinking the public money in fortifi-
cations certain never to be wanted, although well
enough in terrorenz, if we did not know what better
to do with our money. We income tax payers
shall feel it pretty directly; since, unless the
Premier consents to hold his hand awhile, his
demands on our diminished revenue can be met
only by an additional twopence, or threepence, or
more, and that at a time when the state of trade
will render the increased assessment something very
like torture, or a penal infliction to many. In fact,
in the lowest, the most selfish view of the case, we
shall nearly all of us feel the cotton famine. That
the productions of our cotton mills should form a
third part of our foreign trade is alone proof
enough how widely the calamity must be felt by
which that trade is almost annihilated, In 1861 our
imports of raw material was of the value of
£38,600,000, our exports of articles manufactured
from it of the value of nearly £40,000,000. This
is the trade so nearly paralysed!
Under these circumstances we ought to look fairly
in the face the difficulties which are before us. The
calculation made by Mr. RAZLEY. and accepted by
another speaker and a large meeting at Manchester
the other day, seems a very fair approximation to
the sad truth. We give the details, but those who
do not wish to take the slight trouble of examining
them will remember that the well sustained con-
clusion is, that even supposing we could come at
the American cotton already grown, and what is
likely to be grown in 1863, the result is, that for
one hundred and thirteen weeks there will not be in
existence a supply for more than forty-six weeks.
This is his computation :—" Suppose the war were
to end to-morrow, the cotton supply could not be
resumed under former circumstances. The crop of
1861 was 4,000,000 bales. Of this they might
fairly assume that there were destroyed, ungathered,
and smuggled by running the blockade, 1,000,000
bales. That left 3,000,000 bales available. Of this
, scoaplpeluyiattliiensNorthern States would certainly take a
third, leaving 2,000,000 for Europe, including Eng•
land- Per the Continent 500,000 bales were re-
[ qcourfoicrpoedto,trognliBveoiun2igt.ivnualstilo:oo 000 bales. These were the
nosrultpBlap6ei,,y,ero,p of 1861. As regarded the
y one-folusr6t2l2,
aofathe ordinary area
reducing theif had been planted with cotton,
so
oree-fourths ; and this would
that we had 1,500,000 bales
be the case
from the crop oofrlcBieg.3h.t weeks' sup-
supply, 400,000
porly3forowtneekths'e crop') of
~400,000 or eight
sUPPtolYOctober, 1864, 0rn11,4
w,eeokrs4:6, weeks'
supply, '11)
when a supply of raw material of this trade
weeks'

which, in 1860, amounted, from all countries, to the
enormous quantity of 1,390,938,752 lbs., is deprived
of the almost as large amount of 1,115,890,6081b5.
the quantity received from the United States that
year—it is easy to conjecture the terrible result on
the Lancashire mills. The following year shows to
how limited an extent other countries can supply
the deficiency ; since, in 1861, we received from the
States only the still large amount of 819,500,528 lbs.
Yet all other countries increased their remittances
by only 162,436,064 lbs. We must almost apologise
for troubling our readers with what is so generally
repulsive as figures, but for which we might give
them many more, all pointing to the same sad con-
clusion of the fearful deficiency of employment and
loss of wages befalling our cotton districts in oae
year, and likely to be yet felt for sears to come.

The first consideration is similar to the one
which pressed on us in the year of the potato rot
in Ireland ; for the sudden increase of pauperism
is frightful. The year 1857-8 was one of the worst
ever known in the cotton districts, but already it is
calculated that the pauperism is seventy-five per
cent. greater than in that melancholy year. Nor is
there immediate prospect of remedy ;—even would
the belligerents make up their qutrrel at once, this
winter must be one of terrible suffering. It is
gratifying to see that charity is organising itself,
liberally and wisely, but the calamity is to a large
extent a national one, at the same time a purely
exceptional one, and, we fear, can only be ade-
quately met by exceptional legisiatiou. The rate
in aid system must be put on the best footing, but
we can hardly doubt that Mr. HIBBERD'S proposal
of authorising unions to obtain loans on the secu-
rity of the rates will be requisite also. It is our
object, however, just now to call attention to the
growing importance of the subject, rather than to
canvas the remedies. To support these and to work
them will require all the skill and wisdom of those
who thoroughly understand the cotton districts.
The first great object is to prevent this noble class of
operatives from being pauperized and degraded by,
we fear, two or three years of enfo:ved idleness.

The law writers, unhappily for them, got nothihg
whatever from the motion submitted to the House
of Commons last evening in their behalf by the hon.
member for Finsbury. A majority of "five" in a
house of " fifty-seven" decided that the rules and
orders of the High Court of Chancery issued on the
16th day of May, 1862, by the Lord High Chan-
cellor, should continue in force, and should in no
way be interfered with by the Commons House of
Parliament. It would have been better for his
clients, we cannot but think, had the member for
Finsbury submitted his motion to the House in a
different tone, and not proposed its introduction as
he did by throwing out a really odious insinuation.
Namely, one to the effect that the rules and orders
of the Court of Chancery, to which he was thus
taking exception, were designed to create a
monopoly ! These rules and orders were issued,
as the Solicitor-General remarked yester-
day while opposing the motion, by the
Lord Chancellor himself no doubt, but at the
same time with the express concurrence of the
Master of the Rolls and of the other Judges of the
Court of Chancery. They were designed simply
and solely—who shall doubt it P—for the better
administration of justice. If deserving people were
in any way whatever injured by these new rules,
and orders coming into operation, their being so
injured is a matter of course of very deep regret,
but it is a result quite beside the real ques-
tion at issue. The undoubted aim of the rules
and orders that have already so operated, has been
quite manifestly all along the better securing
of the administration of justice in the Court
of Chancery. To attribute their introduction to a
deliberate intention on the part of any judge to
create a monopoly was an indecorum that we can-
not wonder the House of Commons set aside at
once last evening. If these regulations
have in truth imposed a charge of from
£4,000 to £5,000 a-year upon the Suitors'
Fee Fund —if they have pecuniarily bene -
fitted one man exclusively, while inflicting serious

injury upon a large body of deserving and innocent
persons—if these and other evils have actually
resulted from the Chancellor's rules and orders of
the 16th of May ever since those rules and orders
came into operation—such facts are not only deeply
to be regretted, but it seems reasonably enough to
inquire whether the injured may not in some way
be relieved in their unlooked• for difficulty. But
to attribute the whole charge to a distinct
intention to create a monopoly is not merely to act
and speak in the worst possible taste, but to be
guilty of an outrage upon the highest of our judicial
functionaries. Under the circumstances, while we
cannot bat still grieve over the ills resulting to the
law-writers from the rules and orders of the 16th
of May having actually come into operation, we
cannot in any way regret the rejection of
Mr. Cox's motion last evening in the House of
Commons.

Her Alajesty the Queen arrived at Windsor by
special train on the Great Western line yesterday.
LORD PALMERSTON.—After the labours of the
session are brought to a close, it is stated tliat the Premier
will pay a visit to the Highlands of Scotian', taking up his
abode at Tulchan Lodge, near Grantown, as the guest of
Mr. Bass, M.P.

THE ARCHBISHOPRIC OF ARMAGH.—There is
a report in clerical circles that the Archbishopric of Armagh,
which has become vacant by the death of Lord John
George Beresford, will be conferred upon the Very Rev-
Richard Chenevix Trench, D.D., Dean of Westminster.
The archbishopric is worth £15,000 a year.
CRYSTAL PALACE.—DRAMATIC COLLEGE FETE.
—ONE SHILLING DAY.—MONDAY7 JULY 21.—Admissions
on payment, 25,603; ditto by season tickets, 2,567; total
visitors, 28,170.

COMMNION LAW COURTS FEE FUND.—The
annual account of the Fee Fund of the superior courts of
law shows a large increase in the foes received last year.
They amounted to £51,156.
The export of English books to America (says
the Critic) has fallen off greatly during the current war,
but the extra import duty of 25 per cent. which Congress
has just imposed is likely to extinguish the book trade with
this country altogether. . _

OVERCROWDING OMNIBUSES —The Society for
the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals have given public
notice of their intention to prosecute, undo' the act of
Parliament, all omnibus proprietors who permit the over-
crowding of their vehicles, to the injury of their horses and
the danger of the public.

M. Horace Vernet bas just arrived in Paris from
his chateau at the Isles of Hyeres. M. Vernet was born in
the year 1789, and is consequently now in his 73d year, but
is still as active and erect as a young man.
THE DRAMATIC COLLEGE FETE.—The enter-
tainments at the Crystal Palace on behalf of this charity
were continued with great spirit yesterday, when between
twenty and thirty thousand persons attended the fair. All
the actors and actresses were again faithfully at their posts,
and although the receipts from the stalls and performances
hardly reach the high level of Saturday, the exertions of
all the popular favourites were well repaid by the public.
Every praise is duo to the council, and to Mr. Benjamin
Webster for Vie general arrangements, and the order with
which they were carried out. The receipts will probably
amount to three thousand pounds.
THE SECRET SOCIETY TRIAL.—The Tribunal of
Correctional Police gave judgment in this case on Saturday
afternoon :—Greppo, Six, Mary, Roucol, Clement, Bonnet,
Boudin, Bouya, Hemon, Jumera, Leger, the two Medin-
gers, Moreau, Perdu, and Gerard, were acquitted ; Vassel,
Bachelet, Idiot, Gastinel, Carre, were declared to be the
chit,fs, and were each condemned to three years' imprison-
ment, 400 fr. fine, and five years' interdiction of civil rights.
Alely, Barbarin, Lafarque, Creancy, and Johanne, were
each sentenced to two years' imprisonment; Adine, Ba
rouin, Beurthe, Bonnerot, Bray, and Vaudelin, to one year's
imprisonment, with 100 fr, fine ; and the others to periods
varying from six to three months. All were condemned
conjointly to pay the expenses of the trial—aalignani.

LATEST NEWS.

CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

REPORTED CAPTURE OF BATON ROUGE
BY THE CONFEDERATES.
(Per Anglo-Saxon, by Telegraph to Cape Race, and
from Londonderry.)
NEW YORK, JULY 14 (Evening).
An uneasy feeling generally prevails concerning
military and political matters.
A meeting of the members of Congress for the
Border States has been held at Washington to
consider President Lincoln's emancipation scheme.
The New York Evening Post says that the
majority oppose the scheme, and will decline to
accept the proposal.
A large body of Confederates has captured Mut.-
freesborough, near Nashville, and taken one Federal
Regiment prisoners. It is supposed that they will
attack Nashville.
Mobile despatches say that the Confederates
under Van Dorn have captured Baton Rouge, near
New Orleans, and taken 1,500 Federal prisoners.
Considerable excitement exists at Louisville,

Kentucky.
The Confederates are reported to be in force near
Frankfort.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
Money easy. Gold further advanced. Exchange
firm at 1281, Stocks heavy and lower. Cotton
buoyant, and again higher. Breadst'iffs firmer.
A strike has taken place among the labourers
who load grain ships, causing nearly the entire
suspension of shipments of breadstuffs.
Provisions quiet. Coffee and sugar advancing,

PARIS, JULY 21.

The Patrie states that Admiral Jurien de la
Graviere and General Forey will embark for Mexico
at the beginning of August.
The Patrie of this evening asserts that France
and Prussia have decided upon following a common
course of cenduct on the Servian question.
The Presse states that the number of men forming
the French expeditionary corps to Mexico will be
carried up to 30,000.

3 25 P.M.

The Bourse has been inanimate.
Rentes closed at 68f. 40c., or the same as on

Saturday.

TURIN, TuLY 21.
Gen. Sonnaz has been appointed Italian Envoy
Extraordinary to the Court of St. Petersburg.

VIENNA, JULY 21

The Governor of Transylvania, Count Crenne-
ville, has been summoned hither to report upon the
state of affairs in that province, with a view to the
early convocation of the Transylvanian Diet.

BRUSSELS, JULY 21

The King was expected to arrive here to-day,
but, having taken cold yesterday while walking
in the Park at Lacken, he is obliged to keep his

AI4IE.

IRS.

The private commercial letters from New York
yesterday add little to the details already published.
They demonstrate, however, that no part of the
recent telegram by the Glasgow was concocted on
this side, since the whole of its statements had been
received at New York, and were supposed to be in
many respects accurate. The celebration of the
Fourth cf July had been rendered the more melan-
choly by the inflated certainty that had previously
prevailed with regard to the announcement of the
fall of Richmond before that date, and by the state-
ment since current that the army of General APClel-
lan, which just before the end of June had num-
bered 85,000 men, had now been reduced by sick-
ness and by the loss in killed, wounded, and prison-
ers to less than 50,000. As the date of the letters
by the present mail is only to the Bth of July, and
the rate of exchange on England was then 1221,
and the premium on gold 111, it is to be assumed
that in the two succeeding days the estimate of
affairs must have become still more adverse since

the rate of exchange in the interval, according to
the quotations by telegram, had gone to between
128 and 130, while the premium on gold also had
risen to nearly 17 per cent. All the advices agree
that volunteers are coming in very slowly, and that
a revulsion of feeling was beginning to be observ-
able, which seemed to indicate that the Democratic
party in New York, which had ceased to exist as a
distinct body during the mania for subjugating the
South, were now again likely to assume preponde-
rance, and to carry their candidate at the next elec-
tion for Governor of the State. It was also thought
likely that, unless the aspect of matters shall under-
go a great change during the next two or three
months, there will be a large party in favour of
foreign mediation. " Already," it is said, " the
feeling is not nearly so hostile to England as it was
a few weeks back." The Treasury Note Bill had
passed, but the new issues thus authorised had not
yet commenced, and their influence in further in-
creasing the premium on gold had still to be made
manifest. A prevalent report that an export duty

of 10 per cent. on gold and silver was about to be
imposed had not received much credence. With
regard to the bombastic proclamations of General
IVPCiellan, which have disappointed those who bad
previously looked upon him as a steady soldier, it
is suggested that they must not be too hastily ac-
cepted as genuine, since the conduct and character
of Mr. Stanton, the Secretary of War at Washing-
ton, who gives forth everything that is allowed to
be published in the subjugated Northern press, are
not of a nature to guarantee that if he deemed such
productions necessary to serve the temporary pur-
poses of the Government he would for an instant
hesitate to fabricate them.

HOW TO BUY FRENCH WINES.

You get a cask of " bon ordinaire," already drawn
off (soutire) and fined (cone), and only requiring
three weeks' or a months' repose in your cellar or
warehouse to put in bottle. At times of the year
when it does not freeze, an aboveground warehouse
is the most convenient to perform the operation in;
there is at least a certain amount of daylight, and
your man is not exposed for hours to the tempera-
ture and atmosphere of an underground cellar.
You bottle your wine, selecting a bright sunshiny
day, with the wind not far from the north or the
east. At Channel ports of France you get good
ordinary Bordeaux for from 19 to 112 the cask,
which will yield 300 and a few odd bottles. I find
what contents me for £B. Very good ordinary Bur-
gundy may be had for less, but put it down at 18.
A cask of Burgundy yields only from 270 to 280
bottles; but the contents of wine casks, now differ-
ing greatly, according to locality, ars shortly to be
equalised throughout France. If you deal with
Bordeaux or Burgundy direct, a " chemise" or se-
cond outer cask, to prevent tricks being played
with your wine on the road, costs five francs, and
is not money thrown away. Adding to these
prices the freight to London, the wharfage, the
English duty, and the cost of bottling and of
corks (the best are the cheapest; many a bottle of
good wine is spoilt by a bad cork), the reader may
calculate at what a cheap rate he can furnish his
table with good light wine, by following the plan
of buying it in the wood. English -wine mer-
chants should persuade their customers to buy
their ordinary French wine in the cask, and bottle
it themselves; they might sell it b 0 at a reason-
able price, and yet get a fair profit. Your wine is
bottled and stacked; a goodly store. For the first
three or four months it is "sick," and out of order.
If you can leave it untouched a twelvemonth, so
much the better ; but in six or eight months you
may begin to make use of it. "It is pretty well,"
you think. " Very fair." If Burgundy, the bottle
already begins to show a crust, delightful to most
English eyes ; if pure Bordeaux, it should not be-
tray the slightest crust or deposit after being ten
years in bottle. Your wine costs so little that you
make free with it, giving country cousins' tastes of
what they never tasted before, and trying its heal-
ing qualities on your poor sick neighbours. When
it is half finished, you begin to say :—" I like this
wine; we must be more sparing with it," When it
is drawing near to its close, you shut up the last
two dozen in some secure hiding-place, only to be
produced on state occasions. This is the history of
many and many a cask of " bon ordinaire." We do
not fully value our friends until we are on the point
of losing them.—Dickens's " All the Year Round:

An extraordinary case of murder, committed by
a woman, has just been tried in Paris. The prisoner, a
widow named Parisot, 54 years of age, is described as a
most horrible-looking creature—one of those miserable
wretches in the lowest strata of the sex who haunt the
purlieus of barracks,and who are known by the unfortunately
ignominious term of " soldiers' women." She had for a
regular lover a pensioner with a wooden leg, and the weight
of 76 years to carry with it. His largesse to her—all that
his means allowed—was the sharing of his daily rations
He does not appear to have known, however, what turns
out to have been a fact, that a rival named Hertz was in the
habit of enjoying the lady's favours when he was away.
One evening Hertz was either indiscreet enough or unlucky
enough to knock at the door of the woman's lodgings when
she was in bed with the old man with the wooden leg. She
thereupon snatched from the bedside a sword belonging to
the pensioner, and, without saying a word, attacked Hertz
with it lustily, inflicting upon him 13 wounds and cleaving
his skull. He died almost immediately, and the surgeon
who gave evidence said he should have thought it impossible
that a woman could have inflicted such wounds. The ver-
dict of guilty being qualified b 3 extenuating circumstances,
this virago was sentenced to 20 years' hard labour.

The advices from Pernambuco give the particu-
lars of the failure of the banking firm of Amorim Fragozo,
Santos, and Co., of that city. The liabilities are estimated
at £200,000, and two of the managing partners have ab-
sconded. The position of the creditors, however, will be
mitigated by the fact that the establishment was formed as
a company en commandite in 1850, and that the share-
holders, having paid up but 50 per cent. of their subscrip-
tion, are still liable for calls to the amount of £50,000. Four
or five other houses have been compelled by this disaster to
suspend, and also the banking firm of M. Silveira. The
treasurer of the branch bank of Brazil, at Pernambuco has
likewise absconded, leaving a defalcation of about £50,000.
THE YELVERTON CASE IN SCOTLAND.—Lord
Ardmillan's judgment in the Yelverton case will, I under-
stand, shortly come before the Court of Session for re-
vision. While much credit is given the Lord Ordinary for
the zeal and ability brought to bear upon the considera-
tion of thif critical case, few are found prepared to claim
for his vote the merit of impartiality. Most people pro-
nounce it, while an able, a notoriously one-sided docu-
ment. The fact that Lord Ardmillan is a trustee of Mrs.
Forbes is not looked upon as contributing to perfect im-
partiality. lam far from asserting there was anything in
such a relation to bias a judge. But, unqueationablYy, the
relation throws an air of suspicion over the judgment.
Correspondent of Weekly Review.
The Opinions of Tulin mentions some
crowd
disturb-
ances—
which occurred on the 16th at Milan,
of young men assembled about 8 p.m,
Garibaldil
streets with torches, crying, " Viva
Let us go to Rome I"
andwhpeanraadeolvtivhae
l' Italia I Down with the Ministry
A company o t e
cheers for Garibaldi
afterwards They first t proceededo the
p prefecture.
tf
eo
ctthuer
eh. ouse of th ef4Fe ren cf
hthcheosenespup.
Prefect
nationalearceecsi
demonstration, oo nf
guards preventing their approach
they contented themselves withh
After t
and soon separated. tehe French Consul. Several
and Syndic both called upon
fr cries against the
that uttered menacin,,Emperor of
persons
dlodt
con
the French were arrested.
At another point of the city a
similar deraonstr,tiou was
dissolved by the coolness of a
captain of the national guards, who, after vainly recom-
mending the crowd to disperse, ordered his men to load.
This was sufficient, and the " patriots" decamped,
BAPTISM IN THE SEA,—On Sabbath last, a man
was baptised in the sea at Lossiemoutb, in front of the
railway station,--Elgin Courier.