The Sun.
London, England, 1865-08-18 00:00:00

TIM SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENID G, AUGUST 18, 1865.

CRIMINAL COURT.—This Day.

OLD COURT.
(Before Mr. Justice Byles.)
James Flock surrendered to an indictment preferred
against him, on the coroner's inquisition, for feloniously
killing and slaying Thomas Nicholls.

The prisoner was driving a cab early in the month of
July, and as he was proceeding along Goswell-road, and
the vehicle was turning into Spencer-street, the deceased
was knocked down, and from the injuries received he
ultimately died.

The witnesses for the prosecution were very positive as
to the manner in which the prisoner was driving his cab
They said it was going at the rate of 10 miles an hour ;
that the prisoner never called out to caution persons pre-
vious to crossing. The deceased was knocked down and
killed. Tho witnesses all said the cab was being driveh
very furiously, and that the prisoner was altogether guilty
of great negligence. The witnesses for the defendant were
quite of the contrary opinion, and added, when prisoner
knew ho had caused the accident, he attempted to drive off,
but was stopped by the police. They said that the de-
fendant was driving along at the ordinary pace—which
was nothing like 10 miles an hour—and that when he was
near Spencer-street, the deceased came out from behind a
ran, and, notwithstanding the shouting of the prisoner,
he attempted to cross the road, and in doing so was knocked
down by the cab. The cab, they were of opinion, was not
going at more than six miles au hour, and that the pri-
soner was not in the slightest degree to blame for the acci-
dent, because he had done all he could to avoid it. The
cab, they stated, was pulled up within ten yards of the
accident, whilst on the other side it was stated the driver
did all he could to escape, and that the vehicle was not
brought back to the spot where the accident took place
before a quarter of an hour had elapsed. The cab
owner said the prisoner was a very careful man, and that
the horse he was driving was an old one, and quite in-
capable of going ten miles an hour.
Mr. Justice Byles summed up the case at great length,
nd said it was for the jury to say which of the two sets of
Witnesses they felt disposed to depend upon.
After a consultation for about ten minutes, the jury
returned a verdict of guilty.
Mr. Justice Byles said he would consider the whole of
the facts connected with the case before he passed sentence.
Sentence deferred accordingly.

NEW COURT.
(Before the Recorder.)

Thomas Kelley, 19, labourer, and Benjamin Clift, 21,
labourer, were indicted for robbery, with violence, upon
James Crawley, and stealing from him Gs.
The prosecutor stated that on the 28th of July he was
passing through White Horse-street, Whitechapel, when
the two prisoners, and another man not in custody, sprang
upon him, seized him by the throat, and threw him on to
the ground and took the money in question from his
pocket. He begged them to give him two shillings
of the money to buy bread for his children, upon which
they put their hands over his mouth to stop him
from raising an alarm. They then ran off in different
directions. Clift was followed and taken, and Kelley was
taken some distance from the place, and when charged he
said he had not been near the spot, and was returning
home from the theatre.

Mr. Ribton for the defence contended that Kelly was not
one of the parties to the robbery, and called a witness
who stated that the prisoner carried on the business of a
greengrocer, and bore a very good character.
The jury immediately acquitted Kelley, and returned a
verdict of guilty against Clift.

Tho police proved that he several times before had been
convicted.

SeLteneed to seven years' penal servitude.

THIRD COURT.
(Before the Common Sergeant.)

Mary Horscroft, 17, was indicted for unlawfully endea.
vouring to conceal the birth of her child.

The prisoner pleaded guilty, and she was sentenced to
three months' imprisonment.
William Dykes Meredith was indicted for unlawfully
causing and procuring to be written and published, in the
county of Surrey, a certain false, scandalous, and defama-
tory libel of and concerning Emily Sophia Ackland.
The jury found the prisoner guilty, and he was sen-
tenced to two years' imprisonment.

James Pearce, druggist, was indicted for stealing seven
lace shawls, the property of Michael Barry. The prisoner
was also indicted for unlawfully obtaining the said goods
by false pretences from Eleanor Humphery Bunney.
The jury returned a verdict of guilty, and the Judge
sentenced the prisoner to one year's imprisonment.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.—This Day.

MARLBOROUGH-STREET.

A COFFEE-SHOP KEEPER CHARGED WITH VIOLENTLY
ASSAULTING HIS DAUGHTER.-- Samuel Martin, a coffee-
shop keeper, at 6, Union-street, New Bond-street, was
charged before Mr. Knox on a warrant with violently as-
saulting his daughter, Elizabeth Sarah Martin, about 14
years of age.

The complainant said—The prisoner is my father. Last
Wednesday week, about 6 o'clock in the evening, my father
beat me because I had quarrelled with my stepmother, who
had been grumbling at me till I did not know what I was
about. She told my father when he came in, and he bear
me with a walking-stick till it broke, and then he used a
broom. He struck me with it twice on the head. My head
was cut and bled a great deal, and my back was covered
with bruises. Nothing was done to my head, only I
bathed it a little. I did not complain. I ran away and
my father caught me and took me back.
Mr. Knox—From what was said when the warrant was
applied for I thought you had been to your uncle's.
Girl—l should like to go there.
Mr. James Mills, tradesman, of 5, Union-street, who was
mainly instrumental in the proceedings being taken, said
on the day in question I heard terrific screams, and saw
the child run out into the street. She was going to run to
me for protection, but went on. Her hair was clotted with
blood. The prisoner was hooted in the street. The pri-
soner got inside and said he would serve any one else the
same. The blood at the time was running all down the
girl's neck and arms on to the pavement. When I hooted
the prisoner he asked if it had anything to do with me.
Prisoner—You did not see me do it?

Mr. Mills—But I have often heard you threaten her.
You said you could do as you liked with your child, and
serve your neighbours the same if they interfered.
Michael O'Shaughnessy, one of the warrant officers, said
—I apprehended the prisoner, and ho said it was hard that
he could not chastise his own child. He said she had called
his wife names, and he struck her. On the way to the
station he said he was sorry for it.

The prisoner called a Nvitness, who merely deposed to
hearing the girl and her stepmother quarrelling.
Mr. Knox—lt is my intention to remand you. The
prosecutor has opened a case of very brutal and excessive
violence against the prisoner. Without disputing a parent's
right to chastise his child, still, at the same time, there
are limits to that. A parent has no right to correct his
child with a broomstick in the manner described. I will
not decide the case while there is so much excitement
prevailing, but will take a week's reflection.
Prisoner—Will you take bail ? There is no one to look
after my business.

Mr. Knox—l will take two bail in £25 each for the pri-
soner, on condition that the girl in the meantime goes to
her uncle's.

THAMES.

ATTEMPTED SUICIDE IN THE THAMES.—Catherine
Anderson, a young woman, was charged before Mr. Paget
with attempting to drown herself in the Thames on the
previous evening.

,A Thames waterman stated that his boat was hired by
the prisoner at Bermondsey stairs to cross the river. He
had reached nearly to the middle of the river when she
suddenly jumped into the water while he was endeavour-
ing to avoid a barge.

Mr. Paget (to the prisoner)—What do you say to the
charge ?
Prisoner--I came out of prison on Friday. I was sent
there for a week for attempting to pass counterfeit coin.
Since I have been out of prison I have been living with a
friend.
The prisoner was remanded.

THREATENING ro MURDER.—Edward Wilson, a ship-
wright, was charged with attempting to stab police-con-
xtable H, 146.

The complainant stated thathe was on the previous night
doing duty in Wells-street, Goodman's Fields, when a
disturbance took place. He went into the crowd, and
there saw the prisoner in the midst of it. Complainant
went up to him, when ho took a knife out of his pocket.
He unclasped it, and held it up with his right hand,
threatening to stab him with it. He (complainant) knocked
the knife out of the prisoner's hand with his staff. The
prisoner picked it up, and again made an attempt to stab
him. Complainant closed with him and flung him on the
pavement. He then wrenched the knife out of his hand.
He was drunk.

Mr. Paget (to the prisoner)—Do you want to ask him
any questions ?

Prisoner—No, sir. I was very drunk. I do not re-
member using the knife at all.

The prisoner was committed for trial.

SCHOOL EXCURSION AND TRENT.—Upwards of
400 children of the northern district of St. Martin's-in-the-
Fields, accompanied by the Rev. R. G. Maul and nearly
100 teachers and friends, were seen yesterday marching,
with flags and banners flying, from their schools in Castle-
street, Long-acre, to the Ludgate-hill station, where a
special train was in readiness to convey them to St. Paul's
Gray-common, Kent, the rural and romantic scenery of
which was a great contrast to the neighbourhood of Drury-
lane, which they had just left. A very substantial dinner
and tea were amply provided by the liberality of the pari-
shioners and other frienas. Swings, croquet, and cricket
formed part of the amusements of the day, and in the
evening a fire balloon and a display of fireworks collected
all together for the departure. Many of the children re-
turned with bouquets of wild flowers, others loaded with
blackberries, and all much gratified. The infants were
regaled with cake, tea, and amusements suited to their
ago, at their schools.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

In consequence of the chartered troopship Beau-
marls Castle, which has been taken up by the Council
of India for the conveyance of reinforcements to
Kurrachee, not being reported in readiness to em-
bark her troops, as had been ordered, orders were
yesterday received at Chatham garrison notifying
that she will not sail until the 22d inst. The follow-
ing are the troops who proceed to India in the Beau-
maris Castle :--viz., 3 officers and 34 non-commis-
sioned officers and men of the 101st Royal Bengal
Fusilcers ; 1 officer and 153 men of all ranks of the
90th Light Infantry; 1 officer of the 82d Regiment;
3 officers and 80 men of the 42d Royal Highlanders;
51 non-commissioned officers and men of the 79th
Cameron Highlanders ; 1 officer and 26 men of
the 95th Regiment ; 1 man of the 51st Light In-
fantry ; 2 men of the 3d battalion Rifle Brigade ; 1
man of the 93d Highlanders ; and 1 man of the
21st Hussars. Orders have also been received at
Chatham for the following troops to embark on board
her Majesty's screw steamer Urgent, for conveyance
to Bermuda and Halifax--viz., 3 officers and 100
non-commissioned officers and men of the 9th com-
pany of Royal Engineers ; 35 men of the Royal En-
gineers ; 36 men of the Royal Artillery ; 2 officers
and 142 non-commissioned officers and men of the
2d battalion Queen's Royals ; and 2 officers and 64
men of all ranks of the Ist battalion 15th Regiment.
Mr. E. J. Reed, Chief Constructor of the Royal
Navy, yesterday went down to Woolwich dockyard,
and inspected the ironclad screw corvette Pallas,
2,372 tons, with a view of deciding on the range
and position of the increased armament now ap-
pointed for the ship, as well as other arrangements
necessary to carry out the improved plans recently
suggested. Since her return to Woolwich from her
trial trip to the Nore an upper deck has been par-
tially constructed, and a poop and gallant forecastle
commenced. The armour-plating is progressing
rapidly, relays of men being employed night and
day at the bending and other machinery so as to
hasten her completion. When ready for sea, it is
calculated that the Pallas will be one of the most
efficient fighting ships afloat.

Her Majesty's paddle sloops Gorgon, Firebrand.
and Banshee are now in course of being broken up
at Woolwich, and the Alecto, recently employed in
the slave preventive service on the South Coast of
Africa, has been condemned, and will be shortly
taken to the breaking-up yard. Her engines have
been removed, and all her fittings stripped for that
purpose. The iron paddlewheel sloop Trident, from
the Mediterranean station, having been surveyed by
the shipwright department at Woolwich, is ordered
by the Admiralty to be sold. She was purchased into
the service about 10 years ago, at a cost of £23,000,
and is expected to yield less than £2,000. A large
number of her plates are still in excellent condition.
The iron paddlewheel vessel Antelope, brought
home from the South Coast of Africa last month by
Second Master Alfred Thomas, who assumed the com-
mand on the sudden death of the commander, Lieut.
Constantine O'D. Allingham, has been surveyed at
Woolwich, and estimates sent in for the necessary
repairs preparatory to, her being recommissioned.
The paddlewheel sloop Spiteful, 6 guns, having been
thoroughly repaired and refitted at Woolwich,
yesterday commenced coaling, in readiness for ser-
vice. The pennant, it is expected, will be hoisted
on board early next week.
The following appointments have been made at
the Admiralty :—Lieut. Frederick de V. Sanders,
to the Indus, as flag-lieut. to Rear-Admiral Sy-
monds ; Hon. Clarence Graves, midshipman, to the
Octavia ; James H. Galloway, naval cadet, to the
Octavia ; Hinton Maxwell, surg., to the Duncan as
supernumerary ; Thomas W. Joynson, assist.-pay-
master, to the Fisgard as supernumerary ; Robert
J. M‘Morris, assist.-surg., to the Himalaya ; Chas.
F. Williams, assist.-surg., to the St. Vincent ; and
John B. Johnson, second master, to the Linnet.

important to justify the exercise of his power.
After leaving the establishment at Trongate, he
would appear to have gone to another house of the
same description farther west. A considerable
interval must have elapsed between the date of his
leaving the one and joining the other establishment;
during which we have not been able to trace his
movements, because he only held the latter situation
for some six months, and is said to have left the
city for London shortly after quitting it towards the
end of 1862. He has himself told the story of his
life subsequent to that period.—Glasgow _Herald.

Present Condition of the Cotton Trade.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sin,—Your kindness in inserting in your paper, yester-
day, my letter to you as to the stock of cotton now in the
Southern States of America, Induces me to again trespass
upon your columns, to lay before your readers the following
facts and figures bearing upon this most important question.
The present position of the cotton trade is far from re-
assuring, considering the great uncertainty which still ex-
ists as to how the cotton plantations of the Southern States
of America are to be easily made available, with the ex-
isting disorganisation of labour incident to the sudden and
immediate emancipation from slavery of nine-tenths of the
labourers engaged upon them.

In my last annual circular, issued December 311ast (such
were the then general anticipations), I estimated the pro-
bable imports of cotton into Great Britain in 1865, inde-
pendently of the American war ending, at no less a figure
than 3,100,000 bales.
What has taken place ? The imports of cotton into
Great Britain, from Jan. 1 to Aug. 11 for this and last year,
are as follows :

1865. 1864.
American ... 161,373 134,694
Egyptian, &c. ... 274,797 248.097
Brazil ... 202,965 147,442
= West India, &c. 77,814 39,718
East India ... 626,061 728,125
China 1h2,939 292,623

Total ... 1,473,949 1,590,809

The quantity of cotton now at sea for Great Britain from
India is 493,000 against 420,000 bales last year, and from
China 12,000 piculs, against 144,000 piculs same time last
year. With the ending of the American war, it is now
probable we shall receive about 100,000 bales more from
thence this year than last ; but from all other sources it will
be impossible to receive more between now and the close
of the year than we received in 1864 ; so that, presuming we
receive this increased quantity of American, it would only
make the total import of the year about the same as in 1864,
namely, 2,587,356 bales.

The probable supply from America during the next six
months is at present a most important question, and in con-
sidering it, it will be as well to consider what the growth
and consumption in the United States was before the war.
The following aro the figures of the American cotton
crops of 1859-60 and 1860-61, with the home consumption
and export therefrom, as given in the official statements at
the time :

Louisiana
Alabama
Texas ...
Florida ...
Georgia ...

1859-60.
2,139,425
... 834,012
... 252,424
... 192,724
... 525,219

1860-61.
1,751,599
546,791
144,747
121,172
477,584
336,339
56,295
78,132
143,424

~,
South Carolina ... ... 510,109
North Carolina ... ... 41,194
Virginia •.• ••• •.• 56,987
Tennessee ... ... ... 108,676

Total Bales 4,669,770 3,656,086
Consumption of cotton in the United States :

1859-60. 1860-61.
South of Virginia ... ... 115,522 193,883
North do. 786,521 650,3R7

Total ... 972,043 843,770
Exported from United States :-
1859. 1860-61.
To Great Britain ... 2,669,432 2,175,225
„ France ... ... 589,587 578,063
„ North of Europe ... ... 295,072 216,250
~ Other Foreign Ports ... 220,082 158,030

Total supply to Europe ... 3,774,173 3,127,568

In considering the present consumption of cotton in
America, it must be borne in mind that during the last four
years the consuming power of the Southern States (de-
pendent as they have so much been upon themselves) has
very materially increased. Before the war, in the year 1860
to 1861, the consumption, south of Virginia, Ahad increased
7,861 bales compared with the former year, while the con-
sumption in the same period, north of Virginia, decreased
136,134 bales. During the progress of the war, the Southern
people were from necessity compelled to force their manu-
facturing power to clothe their population, and it is well
known that great quantities of spinning machinery were
manufacturing in this country which ran the blockade into
Southern ports, and which now being h existence, in ad-
dition to the previous machinery, will certainly lead to the
conclusion that the yearly manufacturing power of the
Southern States, at the present moment, is equal to fully
250,000 bales. This, with the present consumption in the
Northern States of about 600,000 bales per annum, would
require, at least, 850,000 bales per annum to meet the pre-
sent consumption of the United States.

Thus ii must be apparent to those conversant with tho
trade that the now generally recognised estimate of 1,250,000
bales (including rotten and spoilt) as the stock of cotton
now in the Southern States, together with a growing crop
of from 400,000 to 500,000 bales, will not permit any great
or rapid shipment of cotton from America ; for as their
consumption as officially announced in 1859-60 amounted
to 972,043 bales, and is 1860-61 to 843,770 bales, the Ame-
ricans will not be able to spare any great amount, as the
supply above-named will be all that will be available up to
September, 1866; whilst the great demand at present
existing for cotton goods in America, and the high protec-
tive tariff, is now daily increasing the consumption there.
But how has the supply of cotton to Great Britain this
year met the requirements of the trade ? Let the follow.
ing figures reply

1865. 1864.
Stock Ist January ... 575,727 ;25,830
Imported to 11th August ... 1,473,949 1,590,809

--
Total supply... 2,049,676 1,916,639

Taken for consumption 1,126,075 1,050,508
Actually exported ... ... 485,417 437,014
Stock August 11th 438,184 429,117

2,049,676 1,916,639
Thus, although the increase in the consumption and ex-
port that has taken place this year has occurred the last
few months, and which indicates a present consumption in
Great Britain still greater than the average of that just
stated, the stock of cotton now on hand is only 9,067 bales
greater than at this period in 1864 :—the increase of
123,970 bales in the consumption and export, and the de-
crease of 116,860 bales in the import this year compared
with last, having so reduced the large stock with which
we commenced this year's operations—viz., 249,897 bales
more than on Jan. 1, 1864.

This rapid reduction in the stocks, with the uncertainty
still overhanging the future supply, is still more serious,
and certainly induces one to reflect as to whether we are
yet free from the cotton famine.
How stands the question of cotton goods in stock at
home and abroad ?

The quantity of cotton yarn and goods produced, ex-
ported and retained for stock or home consumption for the
past ten years, and also for the last six months of this year,
are as follows :

Goods & Yarn Goods & Yarn Goods & Yarn
Produced. Export. Retained at Home.
lbs. lbs. lbs.
1855.-747,486,000 ... 526,188,000 ... 221,278,000

1856.-79,703,000 660:98000 ... 232;916;000

1857,-735;65000 ... 547;80000 ... 187;85000

,
1858.-805,000,000 ... 620,741000 ... 181,250,000
1859.-869,250,000 ... 643,871,000 ... 225,379,000
1860.-983,650,000 ... 758,722,000 ... 224,928,000
1861,-887,900,000 ... 694,886,000 ... 161,614,000
1862.-375,000,000 420,000,000 ... *45,000,000

. •
1863.-410,000,000 ... 400,000,000 ~. 10,000,000
1864.-447,000,000 ... 430,000,000 ... 17,000,000
6ms. 1865.-278,700,000 ... 230,000,000 ... 48,000,000
* Excess of export over production.

These tables clearly prove that after nearly four years of
half-production and exports the markets of the world must
be still very bare of cotton goods ; and that if in 1863 and
1864 the world could afford to consume the cotton goods
they did, at the prices then current for the raw material,
what quantity will they not now consume when the price
of the raw material is 30 to 50 per cent. less, as the fol-
lowing table shows:—
Comparative prices current for cotton on the 11th August
1865, and 1864, and in November, 1863 :-
1865 1864 18G3
d. d. d.
American middling... 191 ... 281
Pernambuco fair ... 18 ••• 311 ... 30
Egyptian ••• ••• 171 ... 31 28284Dhollera
1 ..•
14 ... 21}
13 ... 21 25 ... 231
West Madras ••• •••
Tinnyvelly do. good fair ... 13 21 ..• 25
Bengal fair ... •.. ••• 8 ••• 151 ••• 191
China 211

A due consideration of these facts will, I am sure, con-
vince the mercantile world of Europe that we cannot for a
long time to come depend upon the United States of Ame-
rica for any great increase in the supply of cotton—that we
are also still dependent upon other countries to make up the
deficiency, and that pending the reorganisation of labour and
capital in the Southern States, importers of cotton—spin-
ners, manufacturers, and exporters of yarn and goods, have
no ovcasion to fear operating after such an important decline
in prices with f:0 small an increase in the supply of cotton.
MAURICE WILLIAMS.

—I am, &c.,
Liverpool, August 15th, 1865.

_ .
P.S.—Since the above was written the New Fork Herald,
of the Ist August, has come to hand, and in it their special
correspondent, who has been throughout the whole Southern
States, says :

"We have taken considerable pains, while travelling
through the States, to ascertain from the best authorities
at our command the amount of cotton on hand in the South.
From all we learn by conversing with planters and buyers,
both during the war and since, the supply on hand will
not exceed eight hundred thousand bales."

This certainly is recanting thoir proviously incorrect
estimate of 2,250,000 bales.

-.Ti. IV,