The Sun.
London, England, 1862-06-10 00:00:00

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THE SUN.
LONDON, TUESDAY, JUNE 10, 1862.

Let us give all their due. Now that we under-
stand the whole affair of the ex • L.
puteion of BANKS
from Virginia, which for many hours three Wash-
ington into a state of panic, no dishonour seems to
attach to any party---the whole blame lies, if blame

ies,"anywhere, with the War.office and the Com-
mander•in-Chief, that is the PRESIDENT, and even
him it may not be easy to censure. The retreating
Federals, according to independent accounts, fought
bravely, and retreated ably, in the face of very
superior forces, forces which could actually turn
their flank and intercept their communications—
and which would have compelled them, but for
their bravery, to lay down their arms. Whatever
fault there is arises from the wide dispersion of the
Federal forces. They occupy now, with their
small armies, so many points on the coast and some
in the interior, that the main armies opposed to
the Confederates are bat just sufficient to face the
enemy. M'CLELLAN'S army at Richmond is be
lieved to be certainly not more numerous than the
defending Confederate army, probably it is inferior
in number; the PRESIDENT and Mr. STANTON,
therefore, determined to strengthen M.DowELL,
who lay at Fredericksburg, on a railway leading
him straight to M'CLELLAN, and thus enable him
to join the latter before Richmond. Hence the
reduction of BANKS'S force in the valley of the
Shenandoah ; a reduction which, with its conse-
quences, the event alone will justify or condemn.
If Richmond falls, the Valley of the Shenandoah
cannot long be held; and, so far as we can yet tell,
the PRESIDENT'S arrangements may have been good
generalship at the cost of a present local ditbadvan-
tage. BANKS has, however, been so considerably
reinforced, that JACKSON and EWELL have fallen

back again.
But one thing is plain, that, with every week, the
peril of the crisis to the North increases. We find
the Federals, driven from their sea and river ports,
improving this misfortune by concentrating their
forces. Those from New Orleans, we observe,
arriving at Corinth—those driven from Norfolk
swell the Confederate army at Richmond ; hence it
is that both in the West and in the East the Con-
federates now hold the Federals at bay. The vast
army of the Federals—which the returns show to
have been a hundred thousand less than was thought
—is so scattered about in so many small fragments
that the main armies are, neither of them, suffi-
ciently large to insure a decisive victory. From all
we can see, we believe that it is perfectly
uncertain, were a battle to come off either
at Corinth or Richmond, on which side the victory
would probably be. At Corinth HALLECK openly
confesses that he must proceed by regular means
against the Federal camp, and that he is not in a
position to risk anything. M'CLELLAN, we know, is
proceeding with the utmost caution at Richmond.
We need not, therefore, be surprised if we should
hear any day of a serious Federal reverse,
though a Federal success, at Richmond, especially,
may be somewhat the more likely.
That the 30 days, and 90 days of Lord RUS-
SELL must now be placed with the predictions
of ZADKIEL is evident from many reason?. The
PRESIDENT himself seems to think so. He has
accepted large fresh levies, which cannot be
decently fit for service before the autumn. They
will but bring the army up to the force authorised
by Congress, but he had not long ago represented
himself as obliged to refuse volunteers, because he
had more men than he wanted—yet, Congress is
now busy with a bill to enable the PRESIDENT
to levy 200,000 more men than ever ! It is diffi-
cult to estimate with precision the results of the
piecemeal legislation on the army, but it would
seem that Mr. LINCOLN, having between five and
six hundred thousand men, thinks he shall want
800,000 before the year is out ! The present mili-
tary strength of the Confederates points to a weary
prolongation of the war; and, perhaps more than
this, the indomitable spirit of all classes in the
South. On the Mississippi, at Norfolk and Sal.
folk, and in Richmond, one spirit seems to pervade
all ; in BANKS' retreat through Winchester and
Martinsburg,the very ladies—the Northern accounts
tell us—fired pistols at the retreating Federals, and
the people loudly proclaimed their anti-Unionist
feeling. In such a state of things, not even great
Federal victories at Corinth and Richmond could
end the war. During the hot summer the South
would re-organise its defence.

It will be observed of course as eminently
judicious, that the order of amelioration
projected by this Congress (as we may lite-
rally call them) of Cosmopolitan Philanthropists,
begins with the "physical" and so rises through
the " inteliectual " to the "moral" condition of the
working elasses and of the poor (we will here
again add) of all classes. Having expatiated—as
few could well do more feelingly than Lord SHAF-
TESBURY (because of the scope both in time and
space of his own personal observations upon the
subject) upon the necessity for improving the
domiciliary condition of the great mass of mankind,
the President subsequently, in his inaugural address,
touched upon themes as various and as vital in their
way, as—Female Employment—Early Marriages
—Emigration—Loan Funds—Public Nurseries—
Ragged Schools—Shoeblack Brigades—the Men-
dicity Society—Baths and Wash-houses—Common
Lodging-houses and Foundling Hospitals.
"Fatal institutions," Lord SHAFTESBURY called
these last. Speaking of them thus, however,
we cannot but think rather too harshly and
precipitately. Nay, we cannot but feel convinced
that, upon reflection, the noble Earl himself would
be somewhat disposed to modify his views upon the
subject, if his lordship will only take into account,
for a few moments, the bearing of one of the very
last Parliamentary papers moved for by the late
lamented Member for the borough of Finsbury. A
frightful revelation, in truth, was contained in that
paper—allusion being here made to the return
moved for a session or two back by Mr.T. DUNCOMBE,
giving the number of infanticides brought to light
before coroners' juries during the two or three pre-
vious years within the metropolis and its imme-
diate neighbourhood. Philanthropists, thinking
and practical philanthropists, have argued, in regard
to those appalling revelations, and certainly with
some show of truth upon the very surface
of. their reasoning, that we should most
assuredly hear less of these execrable crimes of in.
fanticide if the bell and turn-table of the French
Foundling Hospital were only adopted amongst
ns. Certainly, there is this to be said, that in
proportion to the population of the two countries,
there are not more numerous illegitimate births in
France than in England-: while there certainly
are, beyond any doubt of it, so far as statistics can
enable us to judge, far more numerous cases of
infanticide in this country than among our neigh-
bours. It may occur, therefore, even to Lord
SHAFTESBURY—in remembrance of these facts

" GOD helps those who help themselves" is a wise
old axiom. The Earl of SHAFTESBURY wouldepply
the same principle to the regulation of the distribu-
tion of human benevolence. It is a suggestion in
every way judicious. It fell from the lips of the
noble philanthropist quite incidentally, but it is
peculiarly worthy—now that it has been enunciated Lord BROUGHAM gave us, in his inaugural address
—of particular consideration and lasting remem- the other day, a rather sunny view of the progress
brance. The suggestion we are here alluding to, of constitutional liberty in Europe ; and the latest
was thrown out, in point of fact, thus, last evening, news on the subject is quite a gleam of sunshine.
at Burlington House, by the Earl of SHAFTESBURY, Both Austria and Prussia, whose Chambers we have
K.G. "No doubt," said his lordship, to his very been accustomed to regard as little better than
numerous and influential hearers, " their attention shams, have shewed some real parliamentary mettle.
would be directed to the welfare of the poor, but he There has been nothing of the wild or extravagant
thought they would do well to extend the designs- kind, nothing which could give pleasure, by its
tion of the term poor. There were a great many impracticable character, to the enemies of free insti-
people who, without being in a state of pauperism, tutions, but quite enough to make both KAISER and
or even approaching to it, were in such a condition KING feel that parliaments such as these are a real
that, without a little help at the moment, they were check on cabinets; and if monarchs imprudently
in danger of falling into extricable confusion. make themselves personally prominent, a check
There were persons whose situations in life placed on monarchs too.
them above the working classes, but who required The youthful Austrian Chamber has begun in
the helping hand of those who could give them ad- the good old style of refusing the supplies! We
vice, or it might be some pecuniary contributions, have got past that stage—indeed, have been only
He had come to the eonclusion that, in all matters guilty, lately, of voting too large supplies ;
of this kind, one great principle should be acted upon but our ancestors well knew the value of this instru
and one great fact. The great principle was that ment of popular warfare in their battles with STUART
they should come to the aid of those who were wil- Kings. The Austrian Chamber has fairly bearded
ling to aid themselves, for if charity were adminis- its Chancellor of the Exchequer, Herr VON PLENER.
tered indiscriminately it might produce Incalculable He brought forward a budget in which he esti-
mischief." In uttering these words yesterday to that mated his deficiency, in English money and round
numerous and influential audience, assembled for numbers, at £6,000,000. The House has a cora-
•
cbnthtreyr n
particularise a
the express purpose of hearing him in Burlington- mittee of finance; it overhauled the budget, and the
house, Piccadilly, the Earl of SHAFTESBURY was report was that the deficiency was really £7,400,000.
there and then delivering his Inaugural Address The House showed a strong feeling on the subject,
as President of the "Congres International de Bien- and came to the resolution to vote no new taxes or
faisance," His lordship was consequently appeal- augmentations of taxes till the Minister showed
ing not only to the better judgments of his own more conclusively that he could establish a balance
n,bauitealso to those of every distinguished between estimates and expenditure. It is but fair
I' •
°"lguer drawn hitherwards just now not merely to remember that this is the same "Rump Reichs-
of whichth attraction of the Social Science Congress, rata," from whom no one expected anything but
5 minor Congress of Benevolence here the most humble deference to the behests of the
offshoots, but also, one of not the least remarkable Minister. The Hungarian and other more liberal
way, by the immense
and in a far more generalised deputies are not there, and yet this " Rump"
International Elhtniebnitsieenallurements of the Great ventures to bring the Government sharply up on
ittllSoctztihn Kensington. the most vital of all questions, as it has always
It is worthy of particular
originator of the department' , passing, that the proved, in regard to popular liberty. This same
ha snow particularised "Rump " has also shown courage, and greatly
is a foreigner. And hence he„
given the title annoyed Ministers by objecting to legislate for
of hii generous scheme by Preference not in ours, those parts of the empire which refused to send
bat in his*own language. M. ED, DrrEpITIAUX, to representatives.
whose philanthropic intellect and energies the The Prussian Parliament has also been concluding
" Congres International de Bienfaisance"
owes its
existence, had the satisfaction himself of listeni its first act in a manner worthy of its election. It
ng
to the Inau Address for 1862 has passed the Address with the liberal emenda-
gural , delivered Eons by a majority of 219 votes to 101. The whole
by the noble President of the Society, the Earl of
mhbaevres
beenbut 352
eon e
A more suitable President could therefore,housenu
SHAFTESBURY.in the
hardly have been selected. And well did the noble vote. members;ide able th
intereste r e
Those amendments pointed, amongst other
lord acquit himself of the responsibilities devolving things, to a
liberal foreign policy, the language
upon him by reason of li!e position there as Presi- being selected Partly from the liipm's message in
parliament, in favour of the liberties of
dent. Precluded in a great measure from indulging 1858, and partly from a resolution of the recently
in the ordinary amount of preliminary, and for the dissolved
gene- Hesse. But there were even less pala-
most part merely complimentary and
—he, for instance, specified,
ralised observation, because of the very
prehensive range taken by the really ex- a .
"reduction of the burden of taxation to a
cora- table additions. n
haustive harangue recently delivered on the first with the power of the
night of the reassembling of the Sociai Science country to bupport it." Mr. co
proportion corresponding
BDEIi and Mr.

that Foundling Hospitals may not be such " fata
institutions" after all!