The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-24 00:00:00

AMUSEMENTS.

C ANTERBURY HALL.
STECKEL,
The greatest Trapeze performer in the world.
(;rand Operatic Selection as usual, with lull Band and
Chorus. Principal Artiste—Miss Russell.
Unsworth, with the original Stump speech, " Or any other
Man," in conjunction with Eugene and Duley, forming the
greatest Comic Trio in London; and a host of other Comic
avuurites.

T H E OXFORD,
6. OXFORD STREET.
Every Evening, Grand Operatic Select'ons by Miss Russell,
Miss .rowneley ; Messrs. Morley, Greene, and Albert, with
Full Band and Chorus.
Conductor, Mr. F, Jonubmans.
solos, Glees, Four-part Songs, &c., by the Company.
The Cemic performances of Miss Caroline Parkes, Mr. W.
Randall, the renowned Rumsey and Newcomb Minstrels, and
Eugene, and tin sworth (the original "or any otherman").
" The miraculous Steckel " on the Flying Trapeze.
Hall, ed.; Balcony and Stalls, Is. ; Private Boxes. les. 6d.
The Opera of ALCESTE, by Gnucic, is in preparation,
and will shortly be produced.

MR. AND MRS. CHARLES MATHEWS
"AT HOME." at HER MAJESTY'S CONCERT
ROOM Haymarket, THIS EVENING (Wednesday), at R,
n an entirely New and Original Entertainment, written by
lieln7J. Byron, Esq.

"MY WIFE ANDI."PART I.
PART 11.
A Romance of intense Interest, yclept THE "SENSA-
TION" FORK ; or, The Maiden, the Maniac, and the Mid-
night Murderers. Performed by a double Company (Two).
EVERY EVENING (except Saturday), at Eight ; SAT u
IL-
DAI MORNINGS, at Three. Places may be secured at the
pox-office, from Ten till Five; at Mr. Mitchell's Royal,
Library, 31, Old Bond-street at Austin's Ticket Office, St.
James's Hall, and of all Booksellers. No extra charge for
booking. Open at Half-past Seven. Carriazes at a quarter
to Ten. W. CORBYN, Acting Manager.

S. WOODIN'S CABINET of CURIO-
• SITIES—NewIy Polished and Re-Iined—POLY-
GRAPHIC HALL, Icing William-street, Charing-cross,
Every Evening, at eight (except Saturday),
with new characters, music, songs, and dances. The scenic
illustrations and effects, entirely new, painted by and under
Ihe direction of Mr. William Callcott. Morning Performance,
Saturday, Sept. 27, at 3. Stalls, 3s. ; area, 25.; amphitheatre,
ls. Pox-office open from eleven to five.
Mr. Woodin as Mr. Sothern, of the Haymarket, in his
celebrated character of "Lord Durdreary, ' Moaning and
Evening.

A RGYLL ROOMS. Great Windmill-street,
uayrnarket.—GßAND CASINO FRANCAISE.—
uren every for Promo:lf:de an i Dancing, with the
celebrated Pend of 50 performers. Conductor and Principal
Cornet-a-Piston, M. Bour.couirr.—The new Imperial Qua-
drille, Valse Cotillion, and L. Mosca's Peep o'DayValae will
le played nightly.
A new Conversation Salon has been added to the above
V.stablishment for Reading, Coffee, and Refreshments.—
Admission Is.—Manager, M. Grenet.

EXHIBITION OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE.
This beautiful Work of Art, which displays the plumage
of the Bird equal to life, contains upwards of 10,000 separate
coloured feathers, formed from malleable copper, and is pro-
bounced by connoisseurs to be the wonder of the ace. Ex-
hibiting' Daily at the BURLINGTON GALLERY, 191,
PICCADILLY. Admission, ls. ; Fridays, 2s. 6d.

OYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-
GARDEN.
Under the Management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W.
Harrison, Sole Lessees.
THIS EVENING. Wallace's opera MARITANA : Mdlle.
Parepa. Mrs. Aynsley Cooke, and Miss Susan Pyne ; Messrs.
and
T.
Weiss H. Corti, J. Rouse, Aynsley Cooke, E. Dussek,
W. Harrison. _

Conductor—Mr. A. Mellon.
Doors open at half-past 7—Commence at 8.

THEATRE-ROYAL, DRURY-LANE.
Dion Boucicault, Lessee.
THIS EVENING, THE ROUGH DIAMOND.
After which, at R o'clock, the new Scottish Drama, THE
RELIEF OF LUCENOW : Ms. Dion Boucicault, Madame
Celeste Jordan ; Messrs. Dion Boucicault, Ryder, Atkins,
C. TudenholT, Swinbourne, Mellon.
To conclude with THE ARABS OF THE DESERT : a
Troupe of the Beni-Zoug-Zouz, at 10.
Commence at 7—terminate at 11.

THEAT RF-R ON Al , HAY MARKET.
Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING, a Household Picture. under Two Lights,
entitled THE WIFE'S PORTRAIT. Mr. Howe, Mr. W.
Farrell, Mrs. C. Young*, &c.
After which, at a quarter to 8, will be performed (236th time)
(UR AMERICAN COUSIN. Asa Trenchard, Mr. Buck-
store ; Lord Dundreary, Mr. Sothern.
),,followed by a new Spanish Ballet entitied CELOS
_OrCt,_LIA ; or, Love and Jealousy. Senora Perea Nena, Se-
rrO Morazas. and the ('errs de Ballet.
conclude with MY HUSBAND'S GHOST.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
THIS Lessee, Mr A. Barris.
EVENIN, THE LOST LETTER.
Cardina
After
Wwhich, at a quarter to Eight, KING HENRY VIII.
Charles Kean, l olsey, Mr. Charles Mean; Queen Katharine, Mrs.
To conclude with THE TWO POLTS, Mr. Widdicomb.
Commence at 7. No half-price.

li 0 YAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Sole Lessee and Manager—Mr. Edmund Falconer.
269thINight of the continuous rim of "Peep o'Day."
THIS EVENING,PF,EP O'DAY ; or, Savourneen Deelish.
Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Charles Selby, Geo. Melville,
And Edmund Falconer : Mrs. D. P. Bowers, Miss Clara
Weston, and Miss M. Hudson.
Atter iihich, anew musical, pictorial, poetical, and ballet
interlude, entitled KILLARNEY. Miss Anna Whitty and
Miss Lydia Thomson.
Followed by a new Farce, entitled THE COLLEEN
PtAWN SETTLED AT LAST. Mr. Charles Selby and Miss
Lydia Thompson.
. Actinz Manazer—Mr. F. R. datterton.
Pr_leea as usual. Doors open at h all -past 6, to commence at
Box-ofike open daily from 11 tlll5.
Commence a 7

Ng
%Dir TRFATRE-RO (AL, le Proprietor end Menne-or. Mr. B. Webster.
IS EVENING THE FLOWERS OF THE FOREST.
Messrs. J. L. To l ; P. Bedford, Binineton, Stuart, C. J.
Smith, Rotaer, itoeceves,
Kelly, and Atrs. I3ilington.
Howard; Miss Woolgar, Miss Rate
After Mich' ONE TOUCH OF NATURE. Mr. Benj.
Webster, Billington, Miss IL Simms' (".
To conelnde 'with THE SHILLING DAY AT THE
GREAT EXIIII3ITION. Messrs. .T. L. Toole, P. Bedford,
B. Phillips, Sefton, C. J. Smith, Romer ; Miss K. Bland
and Mrs. -1-1. Lewis.

Commence at 7.

,
S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-
A STLEY'S
4... x. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. W. BATTY.
Iteival of "Mazeppa."
EVENING will be periormed MAZEPPA ; or, The
Dresses, and
Decorations.
Wild 'Horse of Tartary, with New
scenery,
of novel and daring
which M
cdirhcvle,a
ihnrilwliant routine
adame Ilislop and Y
in which MissA.nn
ounige
zceTncesbeinfoltioh7
Devereux will appear.
'tee will appear. cuT.,ohenoinecalnuddeHwai:rhy
manager, Mr. Vir
r. W, Searle.
Stage
Commence at 7.
......
aCCro°u3els
1

RULY EFFICACIOUS AND MILD._
Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER PILLS, pre_
pared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr.
"ott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who
Euter from bilious and liver complaints, gestion, wind,
l'eg'l3m,, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, &o. For habitual
.Fg tvetieSB, as a family aperient medicine, and as a. purifier
of the blood, they are truly excellent; mild in their opera-
tion and grateful to the stomach, they create appelte, pro-
SoldMotedi
zestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system.
and by Lambert, 20, Jermyn-street, Haymarket, London,.
the most druggists, in boxes, is. lid., and three timee
EquolrtitY in one, 2s. 9d. Be sure to ask for Dr. Scott's
/am_ and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square green
Wit 4 Walla Llanbert," engraved coa the attimAt

THE CAUSES of PREMATURE DECAY.—
Authors of eminence have ascribed the decline of the
Roman empire, not so much to barbarian aggression as to
the effeminacy of manners, which precluded resistance; and
this effeminacy they trace chiefly to vicious habits, by which,
in our own time, an influential journalist has endeavoured to
account for the decline of population in the Asiatic provinces
of Turkey.
The peculiar source of physical and moral degeneracy al-
luded to has at all times been specially deprecated by philo-
sophers and philanthropists. It besets inexperienced youth,
laying the foundation of future misery, poisoning the nuptial
cup with bitter malig-nity, or rendering the matrimonial con-
tract impossible; destroying health, curtailing life, and
making it, during- its brief career, a scene of anguish, from
the consciousness of humiliating infirmity.
The evil is but too rife in our age and country ; and expe-
rience can often discern the sad results in the early deaths,
the hereditary and perpetuated ailments, and the matri-
monial discords and vandals, described, in convential par-
lance, as " unaccountable " and "mysterious." In cases of
threatened or excitent injury to or suspension of faculties
whose soundness and vigour form such a prominent consti-
tuent in human happiness, sufferers may have their fears re-
moved, the mischief, however severe and inveterate, eradi-
cated, and their warmest hopes of restoration to life's prero-
gatives fully realised.
Dr. LA'MERT, M.D., has been engaged for 20 years in the
treatment of these disorders, and his treatise on Self-Pre-
servation " describes how all the attributes of Manhood are
lost or suspended, and how they can be restored and main-
tained in health and vigour to an advanced period of life.
Price ls., post free in a sealed envelope 20 stamps, by Mann,
39,
Ccrnhill ; or from the Author, at his residence,
V, BEDFORD-SQUARE, London.

DR. CURTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD :
MEDICAL ESSAY ON SPERMATORIMEA,
NERVOUS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, &0.
Itst Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates,
in a sealed envelope, price ls., Sold by all Booksellers, and
sent post paid, by the Author, for 1 2 stamps,
M ANHOOD : the CAUSE and CURE of PRE-
TA MATURE DECLINE IN MAN, with Plain Directions
for Perfect Restoration to Health and Vigour. By Dr. J. L.
rlums, 15, Albermarle-street, Piocadilly, London.

CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological
'structure and Punetians of the Reproductive Organs.
CHAPTER IL—Causes of Spermatorrhcea and Impotence;
Early Vicious Indulgences Dangers of Neglect.
CHAPTER lII.—A Review of the various Disqualifications
Marriage ; whether resultino• from Youthful Abuse, the
ollies of Maturity, the Effects'of Climate, or Infection.
CHAPTERS IV. and V. on the modern Treatment of
oitancsj_h Book ocea and Syphilis.
neludes with numerous varied and interesting
cases, to which
is added the Author's recipe of a preventive

shOuCuldrthielin"th
REVIEWS OF THE WORK.
'
2d litarch, 1856.
Me
hands
of
drynTunhisa
and
dan
trulyd"—" Sunday Times,"
valuable work, and
"The author has conferred a great boon by publishing this
..ondon : Published byJ.
J. Allen,
i, ttle work, in which is described the source of those diseases
w,hdien Pr,oduce decline in youth or more frequently premature
9. age.' —"Daily Telegraph," Maros, 27,1856.
20,
_ noster-row Mann 29. Omihill. till 4
Warwick Lane, Pater-
/IMB 91 Yonsuatauga=i9 tg i rid 0 t. At MuidaYes 1q !,"
.

COTTON SUPPLY ASSOCIATION.

The annual meeting of the Cotton Supply Association
took place at the Town-hall, Manchester, yesterday. Mr.
John Cheetham, the president, took the chair. Mr. Bazley,
M.P., Mr. Edmond Ashworth, Mr. Malcolm Rose, Col.
Cotton, Mr. Cross, and M. Krcitzer Rassaertz (the French
consul), were amongst the gentlemen present.
The CHAIRMAN said—Owing to the great length of the
report, and its being printed, Mr. Heywood, the secretary,
would read only a portion of it, and the rest would be taken
as read.

Mr. HEYWOOD then read the following extracts :

" Your association, since its first formation, has unceas-
ingly laboured, with the means placed at its disposal, to
awaken and fix attention upon the approach of the prt sent
crisis ; and no country, in either hemisphere, has been
allowed to slumber in ignorance of the coming calamity.
Through evil and through good report your committee have
resolutely struggled against inert indifference, and have
combated opposition. Nor have they laboured without suc-
cess, as their accumulated records prove, as the public press
has testified, and the activity now displayed in numerous
cotton-growing countries undoubtedly proves. India is our
chief reliance, and from the first formation of your associa-
tion your committee have never ceased to direct their chief
attention to that country, possessing as it does every ele-
ment of climate, soil, and labour, necessary to furnish us
with adequate supplies of the cotton. Your committee
cannot but refer with satisfaction to the adoption of several
great and important measures or proposals which have been
urged upon the attention of the Indian Government by
your association, with a view to the improvement of the
system of land tenure, the construction of roads, and the
creation of greater facilities for communication in that
country. But your committee regret to observe that
the wise and beneficent policy of his Excellency the
late Lord Caning, by resolutions in October last, sanc-
tioning the redemption of the land revenue and the sale
of the waste lands in fee simple, is again likely
to be reversed. They cannot but regard the present
intention of the Indian Government to reverse the policy of
Lord Canning as highly injurious not only as regards
India itself, but as totally destructive of all confidence and
reliance in the promises of our Indian rulers. Moreover,
the Landholders' and Commercial Association of British
India have protested against the intentions of the India-
house on these subjects as 'an injustice, and as involving
great confusion and possible loss to parties who have made
arrangements, on the faith of Lord Canning's resolutions,
for the sale, transfer, and cultivation of land. In the month
of July, 1861, your committee, with the view to obtain as
reliable information as possible upon various subjects of
great interest and importance in relation to the cotton trade
of India, in conjunction with the Manchester Cotton Com-
pany, deputed Mr. Haywood, their commissioner, to visit
that country. In another part of this report reference will
be made to an interview which he solicited and obtained
with his Highness Said Pacha, the Viceroy of Egypt. Pro-
ceeding to Bombay, and after an interview with his Excel-
lency Sir G. Clark, Mr. Haywood visited the several dis-
tricts of Sholapoor, Dharwar, Bellary, Khandeish, Western
Berar, Guzerat, and Kattiwar. Your committee regret to
state that owing to a series of delays arising out of the de-
ferred transfer of the district of North Canara from the
Bombay to the Madras Presidency, he was unable to visit
several other cotton-growing districts of India which it was
his intention to visit on leaving England. The result of his
investigations have already, to some extent, been published
in this country ; and your committee are now in a position,
through the information thus obtained by their commis-
sioner, to deal in a practical manner with many of the
difficulties they have had to contend with upon Indian
questions. The conclusions arrived at by Mr. Haywood,
in reference to India, may be summarised as follows :

1. It is erroneous to suppose that a stock of 6,000,000
bales of cotton exists at this moment in India, only
awaiting the means of purchase and export. 2. That
had land and water communications been more exten-
sively opened throughout India our present exports from
that country would now have been doubled. 3. That it is
impossible, in the absence of reliable Indian statistics, with
any proximate accuracy to estimate the annual growth of
cotton in India. Various estimates have been assumed,but
the truth lies between 4,000,000 and 5,000,000 bales per
annum. It is disputed by some that this quantity can be
produced from the fact that a large proportion of the native
children have no clothing—but apart from clothing, cotton
is also used as stuffing for beds and pillows, as wadding,
for the manufacture of ropes. cord, and multifold other pur-
poses; add to this the annual waste occasioned by the de-
fective cleaning, damage from the monsoon, careless pack-
ing, and the probability is that the above estimate cannot
be excessive. 4. That the rapid completion of the leading
lines of railway in India will prove an enormous advantage
by hastening the establishment of European agencies in
the interior, whether by public companies or merchants,and
by bringing the crop down to the ports in time for export,
before the setting in of the monsoon. 5. That branch
feeders, whether railways or roads, will be required to con-
nect the main lines with the remoter districts. 6. That
especial attention ought to be given to the immediate con-
struction of bridges upon lines of road that are now useless
for want of them, the construction of which would save
thousands of miles of circuitous traffic. The natives in
various parts of India would willingly subscribe towards
their construction if solicited, and fairly dealt with. With
a view to alleviate the approaching distress, the association,
at the close of 1861, took active measures to encourage the
consumption of East Indian cotton, and encountered se-
rious difficulties arising from prejudice alone. Some alarm
was created among importers from Bombay,in consequence
of reports which were circulated as to the refusal of the
trade to use it. Your committee at once procured samples
of every description of East Indian cotton in the market,
and samples of yarn spun therefrom were procured from
those spinners who had become alive to the practicability of
the consumption. Messrs. Simpson, of Preston, furnished
samples of 30's, 36's, and 40's;yarn made entirely from East
Indian cotton, which were exhibited at the rooms of the
association. Numerous objections were raised as to its
capability of being woven, bleached, dyed, and printed
equal to yarn and goods made from American cotton. Cloth
was at once procured from Messrs. Simpson and Co., which
was considered of very fair marketable quality. Messrs. J.
Pender and Co. had it bleached and dyed together with
similar pieces made from American cotton, when the dif-
ference was scarcely perceptible. Through Messrs. Mosley,
Hurst, and Co., they procured a number of pieces printed
by Messrs. Fernihough and Co. These were admitted to
equal similar styles in American cloth; and it was proved
that East Indian was admirably adapted to Turkey red
dyeing. From numerous spinners a large collection of yarns
was obtained, ranging from No. 4's to No. 70's,all guaranteed
exclusively from East Indian cotton, including sample
bundles of 40's and 50's, presented by Messrs. Robinson,
Crum, and Co., of Aberdeen, and also cloth from Messrs.
Simpson and Co., of Preston; Messrs. Eskrigge and Barr
of Stockport ; Mr. John Walker, of Bury. The latter were
successively bleached, dyed, and printed, in order effectually
to remove the objections that were brought forward from
week to week at the exhibition at the rooms of the asso-
ciation."
The CHAIRMAN said, under the grave circumstances
by which the cotton trade was surrounded at the present
moment, the thoughts and attention of all present would
probably be directed as to what, supposing the continuance
of the unfortunate struggle in America, would be the po-
sition in which they would be placed as to the supply Of
cotton from other countries. Unquestionably India was
the chief source to which they must look for any large in-
crease of supply in replacement of that which had been
withdrawn by the troubles in the United States. Mr.
Laing, in his recent speech at Manchester, had stated
what he (the chairman), from all the information possessed
by the association, believed to be true, that, as re-
garded the increase of cotton supply from India and on
which many persons were relying, they must bring
their anticipations within a narrower boundary than many
of them had contemplated, and not calculate upon this year's
crop exceeding the last. He confessed that he, individually,
was disappointed. He had calculated that, even assuming
there was no increased cultivation in India, the wider area
which would be created, the high price enabling a much
greater expenditure in transit to be laid out, and enabling
us to gather from more remote districts than previously,
that the result, would have been sufficient to increase the supply for the
current twelve months. Unfortunately, he believed that
was
in tot
b ed
r o u
from
anddiwteh acnollitdhenmotillsiaofnelbyaelexspewcet
more
received last year. What, then, was the future of India ?
He believed that in some districts there was a larger breadth
of cotton sown for the forthcoming year, but not at all in
proportion to what might have been expected by the sti-
mulus of the present high prices. The fact was that India
was a peculiar country. There were difficulties attending
it which did not exist in other countries. The chief diffi-
culty was that the English purchaser did not deal with the
cotton growers. The attempt to do so was surrounded by
obstacles which in the opinion of many rendered it next to
impossible. The only district which he looked upon with
satisfaction in India was that of Dharwar, one of those
selected for experiment when the East India Company em-
ployed certain American planters to cultivate American
cotton in India. Re believed four districts were then set
out, of which Dharwar was one.
After the expenditure of
a considerable sum, those Am an planters officially re-
ported that the climate and eoiln, ofa ndlntdhiea were unsuitable
to the growth of American cotton,
let
far.y retired, leaving
three out of the four districts a comp elure. The fourth,
Dharwar, would have been
the same, had it not
with been for
an active civil commissioner, who without authority from
by this,
government, and instigated his own desire that
ultivating cut'
to hfm, promising enterprise of c lc seeds
should be persevered in, undertook on pensi_
res
bility the toil and labour of encouraging and enforcing
is $ the owitiyiltzut of the
Bowe degree upon the native

plant. He had to pass for some years through serious
difficulties, but finally accomplished his object; and now
throughout that district the ryot had ascertained that for the
cultivation of American seed he received a higher price and
a larger product from the soil. In thaNistrict, therefore,
had been carried out to some extent the sound principle
that the cultivator should know the wishes and wants of the
consumer, but that was the only part of India where such
an experiment had progressed or even been attempted. In
that district Mr. Haywood said the cultivation of Ameri-
can seed was extending He told the Association so in one
of his communications from India, when, by a singular ac-
cident, the same mail brought them two other communica-
tions, one by the late Governor-General, telling them that
they had completely misunderstood the intelligence and
skill of the ryot, who wanted no instruction whatever,
also that the attempt to introduce exotic seed would be a
failure ; and one from the governor of Madras, containing
the same prediction. They had also before them a large
octavo book published by authority of the Government and
edited by the President of the Bombay Chamber of Com-
merce, telling them that the Indian climate and soil were
unfavourable to exotic seed, and that they must no longer
direct their exertions in that channel. Notwithstanding
these statements, contradictory of the report of their com-
missioners of what he saw with his own eyes, it was
found that at Liverpool the results of American seed
obtained the highest value of any kind of cotton sold
under the name of Indian. (Hear, hear.) In the posi-
tion in which they were now placed, and likely to re-
main for some time to come, this slow progress was
exceedingly unsatisfactory. They were in a position un-
exampled in the history of the trade, and it appeared to him
that efforts unexampled should also be made to alleviate
that position and the distress which was being endured by
their operatives. Ho thought that for the future interests
of this country and of India also, it was far more important
that the vality of the cotton pert' from Tndla shoula be
improved, even more too than the quantity. They were de-
sirous not to return again to what Mr. Laing hinted at, and
which if the present state of things continued would inevi-
tably come to pass, their allegiance to the slave-grown
cotton of the Southern States, but were desirous to see some
large competitor, who should hereafter take ita the supply
of this country in place of America, permanently, and to
the satisfaction of the consumer. He confessed that except
as regarded the district of Dharwar, he saw no present pro-
spect of anything being done to realise that great prospect
in India, and consequently we should live to see, if a return
of peace took place in America, and the energies, and skill,
and capital of the Southern planter were again directed to
the cultivation of cotton, he would be again in possession of
the market, and this advantageous opportunity for India
would have passed away without that beneficial result
which the best friends of India would have desired to see.
But they were told by high authorities who cared to instruct
them in the details of their own business, that the quality
of the cotton needed no improvement, that the quantity
was there, and it was only in short supply because of their
own inaction and stupidity in not sending agents to buy it.
The same opinion prevailed moreover with regard to every
cotton-growing country. But all practical men knew that
there was no cotton-growing country on the face of the
earth where there were not agents who would buy any
amount of cotton that was there. There were no agencies
wanting. In Turkey, in Syria, in Egypt, and in South
America, the native buyers were alert enough to get what
cotton was grown. What was wanted was to take steps to
improve the quality of Indian cotton, in order that it might
take its own place in the market hereafter, and that we might
no longer hear the foolish statement that India did not grow
cotton because it did not get the price that would pay the
grower. We heard no such complaint from any other cot-
ton-growing country. The Indian grower did not get the
required price because he sent us the most inferior cotton
that was grown, and he got a reward in proportion. Unfor-
fortunately the grower happened to be an individual with
whom we could not communicate, and there it was that
a duty devolved on the consumer of endeavouring to place
himself in more direct relations with the natives. But he
(the chairman) contended that it was not solely the duty of
the consumer to do this. The important duty of raising
India into the settled competitor of America was one the
responsibility of which seemed to rest on three parties. A
number of gentlemen had already testified their admission
of the fact that the consumer was one of those parties, by
the formation of the Indian Cotton Company, for the pur-
pose of direct communication with the ryot, and teaching
him what was the precise quality required. In the next
place, the Government of Bombay had a very responsible
duty as well as interest in this matter. It had frequently
been said to him in London, " Why don't you do in India
with cotton what was done with sugar and indigo? The
native sugar and indigo were so inferior that they were not
to be consumed in the English market, but Englishmen
went and superintended the cultivation of those articles,
and now they have taken a stand equal to any others." But
who were the genticinen who superintended that cultivation?
Were they the importing merchants, or the shopkeepers
and buyers ? ; they were the Madras and Calcutta
merchants, who wanted the article for export in return for
the goods they brought in. The committee of this associa-
tion have not been unmindful of bringing this matter before
the Bombay merchants, and their answer was a very simple
and businesslike one. They said, " We have tried to come
in contact with the ryot ; we have sent English agents into
the interior, and we have found it won't pay." Of course
there was an end of the argument ; those gentlemen best
knew their own business. The third party which would
be benefited by improving the quality of cotton, so as to
make India an exporting country to the extent of two or
times her present trade, was the Government of India.
Would not the Government derive a better rent for land ?
And were the Government, nevertheless, to lie by and say
" It belongs to you, as manufacturers, to do it ; you are free
traders, and it would be contrary to all political economy if
the Government of India trespassed on ground so delicate."
Well, what were these gentlemen actually doing—strict free
traders as they professed to be ? The Government of India
were tea planters and opium growers, making a fair profit.
They had iron foundries on their hands, which he was afraid
did not yield much profit, and they had found funds and
assistance along the banks of the Indus for the Belfast flax
growers. To come nearer home, the British tax payer was
charged for annual prizes and premiums given by the Go-
vernment for the cultivation of flax in Ireland, while in
England the Government voted funds for a commissioner to
increase his breed of salmon, who had-his offices and his
clerk in London, and his salary, all paid out of our taxes.
It appeared to him monstrous, in the present grave position
of so large a portion of our population, that we should be
met by quibbles of this kind, and he maintained that there
was a duty and a responsibility of the Government to aim
to assist in the attainment of the desired object. He was
convinced that without the introduction of exotic seed, im-
proved system of cultivation, and the elevation of the qua-
lity of the article, we should be compelled to abandon India
as our great reliance for the growth of cotton. But there
was another country to which he was hopefully looking for-
ward, and that was the empire of Turkey. The moment we
heard speak of Turkey we were accustomed to associate it
with unsettled government, disturbed peoples, and the ab-
sence of security to life and property. He believed that
all this was mainly chargeable to only a portion of the
Turkish dominions. But there was in Turkey in Europe,
and especially in Turkey in Asia, along the Syrian coasts'
a population capable of cultivating cotton very superior in
quality to that of India. This association, during the last
12 months, had sent out a considerable quantity of Ameri-
can and Egyptian seed, and, in contrast to the Bombay
merchants, the Smyrna merchants had said, " If we can
increase the exports from Syria, we can materially increase
the imports," and they had subscribed a sam for the pur-
chase of seed, sent one of their number to this country to
communicate with the association, and now the pleasing
statement was made, from various channels in that coun-
try, that the next 12 months' supply of cotton, a large pro-
portion of which would result from American seed, would
not be less than 60,000 bales from Turkey in Asia alone.
Some time ago a deputation from the association had a very
interesting interview with the Turkish ambassador in Lon-
don to direct his attention to certain difficulties ; he entered
fully into their views, and requested them to memorialise
the Sultan. Before that could be done the Turkish Govern-
ment had sent a despatch to London, from which it ap-
peared that instructions were already given for the removal
of many of those obstacles, one of the most serious of which
was the exaction of a tithe on the growth of cotton. In
order to encourage cultivators all taxes were abolished upon
uncultivated land that should be devoted to cotton growing
for the next five years, and a sum of money was set apart
for making roads in Turkey and Syria. The prospect of
an increased supply also from Egypt was some further con-
solation for the somewhat disappointing prospect as to In-
dia. (Hear.)
Mr. T. BAZLE Y, M.P., moved the adoption of the report,
which. he said, was replete with encouraging facts. For
himself he was very much indisposed to address the meet-
ing at all. He felt somewhat disheartened. He felt that
he might perhaps be in a false position, for during 25 years
he had been incessantly calling the attention of the trade
to the probable dilemma in which it would be placed.
(Applause.) The anticipated crisis had arrived, and al-
though universal sympathy was extended to them, he deeply
deplored that the cotton trade was now dependent on the
charity of the benevolent, and that those prudential exer-
tions had not been called forth that would have placed the
great industry of the north of England in a position of se-
curity and independence. In the Exhibition of the present
year were oontributions of cotton from 35 fields of supply,
and yet this country had essentially depended on one of
them. Why should not efforts be
made to develop some half
dozen ? People were either lacking in moral courage or lack-
ing in spirit to invest for their own pre fit and security. There
were in that room three bales of very beautiful cotton sent
by Mr. Moseley from Calcutta ;.the staple was excellent, the
001Qux beautiful, the preperatom tuleurpasied; and if we

could receive an abundant supply it would take the place of '
the general supplies from the United States. People had
been relying generally upon the operation of the law of sup-
ply and demand. For nearly two years the price of cotton
had been continually advancing; but a five-fold price had not
induced exertions to give us the needful supply. Although
he computed that not less than 20 millions sterling had
been obtained by the advanced prices in cotton, it could not
be shown that one shilling of it had been embarked in the
cultivation of cotton on an extended scale. (Hear, hear,)
No doubt in time the exorbitant price would bring the cot-
ton, but meantime we were sustaining losses and sufferings
that might lead almost to the annihilation of our industry.
The same sum of twenty millions would pretty accurately
represent the amount of loss which would have been sus-
tained by the cotton trade, in labour and capital, at the end
of the year by that enhanced price. It had been suggested
that cotton-spinners and manufacturers should immediately
begin to grow cotton to supply themselves. Granted to a
great extent that more vigorous efforts ought to have been
made, yet he asked whether that part of the community
which had been sustaining the loss to the extent of twenty
millions should embark in cul ivating the article, the want
of which entailed this heavy loss, or whether those who had
made the twenty millions of profit should become the
pioneers of extended cultivation. In this period of suffer-
ing and distress ought the calumnies which had been poured
forth so freely upon the employers of labour to be so exclu-
sively devoted to them. We had attained no great and
good object in this country without organisation. But on
this question hitherto everybody seemed to have been de-
termined to leave his trade, his workpeople, and commu-
nity, and take care of himself, pursuing au independent
comae which might lead to ruin. They had duties to per-
form, not only to themselves, but to their country. The
whole cetton world was before them, and he hoped efforts
would yet be made. He wondered whether those gentlemen
who had the spirit to construct so many new mills in Man-
chester and the district-ve.e._.emr.c4 the sources otsupply
and the markets for their products. The prurT.A. was
disastrous. But beyond the duties of merchants and ma-
nufacturers there were important duties devolving on the
Government. The cotton trade had been a source of conti-
nually increasing revenue, and surely no wise minister,
seeing that this great industry was dependent on one source
of supply, would hesitate to remove all the obstacles to in-
creasing it. (Applause.)
Mr. EDMUND ASHWORTH, vice-president of the associa-
tion, seconded the adoption of the report. He said that the
prominent question for the distressed people of Lancashire
to consider at the present juncture was as to the probable
quantity of cotton America would send in the future. At
a moderate calculation he estimated that, after the present
difficulty was over, the cotton-growing States of America
would produce one quarter less than heretofore. If, then,
there should be a million of bales less from America, from
what quarter of the globe would the deficiency be made up ?
South America would probably increase from 120,000 bales
to 220,000 in a couple of years ; Egypt might double her
supplies; the Turkish dominions perhaps would send us
another 100,000 ; but this only made 300,000 bales. The
fact was they could not now see whence the million of bales
were to come from, especially as the reports from India had
disappointed them. The Indian Board in London taunted
them that there was plenty of cotton in India, waiting only
for exportation. A spirited Manchester merchant, therefore,
offered to advance a quarter of a million of money to pur-
chase the cotton if the Indian Board would send an agent
to point out where the cotton was to be found. But the
Indian Board backed out. (Cheers.) If the Land Tenure
Bill and the contract law had been enforced, as was ex-
pected, India would now have been supplying us with cotton.
(Hear.) They had again and again applied to the Govern-
ment for assistance, and the Government, which ought to be
parental, and which ought to have given them every facility,
merely said " Grow the cotton yourselves." (Shame shame.)
And yet these people in London,who were continually thwart-
ing them, were servants of the State, whose wages the public
paid. (Cheers.) The trade had not united as they might
have done in this matter. They ought to demand free access
to their fellow-subjects in India, that they might be of
mutual benefit to each other. They had found the Turkish
Government represented by its ambassador—a Government
which had been considered, despotic and fallen—more cor-
dially respond to their proposition to increase their inter •
course with Turkey and the Turkish dominions than the
Indian Board had done. (" Shame," and cheers.) The
Indian Board had treated them from the first with the
greatest contempt and contumely, had stated that which
was not true, and had treated all the arguments as those
actuated by merely selfish motives.
The report was adopted.
Mr. M ALCOLM Ross moved the reappointment of officers
to serve (luting the coming year. He said one important
subject which just nuw engaged their attention was the
proposed substitutes for cotton. Without wishing to pro-
phesy, he believed that in the end they would come back to
the point from which they started, and againgekuomludaa

cotton to be king. (Hear.) He severely condemned the
maladministration of the Indian Board, and detailed the
various treatments the Manchester deputations had been
subjected to by Sir Charles Wood and his colleagues in
council. _ _ _

Mr. HUGE MASON seconded the resolution, and said he

was sorry he had to follow the two previous speakers in a
strain of strong censure on the doings of Sir Chas. Wood.
He did not know what the constituency of Halifax thought
of their member; but if the Manchester people had such
an incompetent Minister as Sir C. Wood for its member, a
huge memorial would soon be got up demanding the imme-
diate dismissal of a man who so much represented them,
and who used the high office with which he had been en-
trusted to obstruct the operations of those persons who
were trying to bring relief to Manchester. (Cheers.) Was
there no way of reaching this incompetent Minister ? He
(Mr. Mason) saw nothing for it but for the Manchester
Chamber of Commerce—to whom Mr. Laing had thrown
down the gauntlet—and the Cotton Supply Association,
and the Mayor of Manchester with all the municipal consti-
tuency at his back, to arise and demand the impeachment of
a man who had so misconducted himself at the present
crisis of our great national industry. (Loud cheers.) It
would not do to be silent any longer. They were bound to
speak out on this question, and if Lord Palmerston would
not dismiss that man from his Cabinet, let them dismiss
Lord Palmerston from his premiership. (Cheers.) Who
obstructed all the measures ; who was the man who
seemed to stand in the way of everything good ? He (Mr.
Mason) hesitated not to say that it was Sir Charles Wood.
(Cheers.) Let them, the men of Manchester, get up a

memorial demanding that officer's dismissal ; it would soon
be filled with facts of the most startling character. Let the
President of the Chamber of Commerce and Mr. Bazley be
the first two to write their names; and he (Mr. Mason)
would undertake that the example would be followed by
hundreds of thousands in Lancashire ; and an appeal of
that character surely would not be disregarded by such a
man as Lord Palmerston. (Loud cheers.)
A vote of thanks was passed to the president, acknow-
ledged by him, and the proceedings were brought to a
close.

TRIAL OF 7ILE .RAO SAHIB AT CAWN-

PORE.

The Bombay journals received by the last mail give de-
tails of the trial of the Rao Sahib, nephew of the Nana
Sahib, at Cawnporc, before the sessions judge, Mr. Pear-
son. The prisoner, it would appear, was arraigned on two
distinct chirges, ono of which was for the murder at
Bithoor of the toll-keeper of Sheorajpore and his family.
The more atrocious crime, however, charged against him
referred to the murder of European officers at Cawnporo
during the period of the mutiny. He was also charged with
aiding and abetting the rebellion. The trial of this man
excited great interest in the Mofussil. The witnesses who
were chiefly natives, deposed that Rao Sahib offered a re-
ward to tho sepoys and sowers, if they brought the heads of
the European officers. After hearing this, the horsemen
all went away, and, as one witness said, at evening they
brought the heads of the officers. The prisoner was at that
time standiag in his balcony or ballakhana. The rebel
officers showed him the heads; the prisoner then ordered
them all to stay in the Kothee of Man Sain Sahib, and told
them that the next day they should be rewarded. Next
morning the prisoner inspected them all, and instructed
them to obey their officers, and gave them four months' pay
in advance and some reward. This force consisted of 300
horsemen and two companies of infantry. Twelve wit-
ness in all were examined for the prosecution, and three or
four witnesses were called on behalf of the prisoner. With
respect to the charge of murdering the toll-keeper
and his family, the evidence went to show they were
killed by order of the Rao Sahib, who acted at
Bithoor on behalf of the Nana, and whose authority
in that position was fully recognised. On this latter charge
he was acquitted, but on the heavier indictment of sanc-
tioninge the murder of three European officers, he has been
convicted, and sentenced to be hanged. The ease has been
sent for confirmation to the Sadder Court, ilLx
and there is
doubt it will be confirmed. By the same mail we have
ceived an account of the execution of Doorga Mnoo3,7!_enittn:t.
Aimed Shaik, on the morning of the 2Sth uolft
the common jail. They had been convicted
• h they be
the havildar of the regiment to which
it occurred,
t-hoieg 'le
diur. r"
d er
Theof
convict Doorga Moorye told Dr. Wilson,
in
put to him in reference to the murdi!, ieTa
ogged. e sub -
that it happened through his having iinadlb.noswwer to a ques
of his enemies
heir man sequently retracted this statement, and asserted that he
had been convicted through
tho
other man confessed his
belonging to the regiment.
readyhini. byThtheeotherguilt, and prayed the people:titter
got
te
per-
parts of the ceremony
sons in attendance, the aioorye died almost two were launched into
the other convict being
eternity. The culprit Dosetr7iggie ;
but the medical officer
taneously, and wi t_
a very slight mallii?°Sudullelardebd eTtirnee' t in three minutes alter
in attendance declared
the drop fell. Their bodies were delivered to their friends
and relation/ at. L__
the expiration of one hour after their
obtcm94,
death, ie the Glatera