The Sun.
London, England, 1862-06-19 00:00:00

The sentences of the courts-martial are to be
confirmed by the Governors.

But th© "fatal facility" of Sir F. HEII/ATE is the
great danger of the income tax in the hands of
high-minded, but ambitious Premiers. Lightly do
they feel what to the many is a consciously painful
infliction. A penny or two more income tax, in the
way of prolongation of high war rates, especially, is
an easy thing; nor has it been found difficult to
create panics which should make it seem necessary
to add a few pence. While ever so small a
germ of income tax is left, the panic-mongers,
when it suits their purpose, can get up an alarm,
land ask for more men to spend their time in pro-
ducing nothing but consuming a great deal. When,
too, there is the ready resort of raising the rate of
income tax, there is the strongest temptation to
step far beyond the line of legitimate self defensive
armaments, and to create such naval and military
establishments as shall enable us to play more or
less of the Dictator among the nations. There is
only the check of the slight grumbling from the
more helpless classes of sufferers. The wealthier
and more aristocratic have sons, or nephews, or
cousins, or friends charged upon the army or navy
votes, and • therefore with a little well simulated
sorrow, they vote the estimates which shall pro-
vide an aristocratic occupation for their Hopefuls.
Very difficult, and much more effective is the
check imposed by having to raise customs and excise
duties. Unlike the income tax the additional penny
duty on articles of consumption, does not always
bring its penny into the Exchequer. Con-
sumption diminishes; and if the penny more
duty brings three farthings, or oven a halfpenny
into the Exchequer, a finance Minister must be
satisfied. This has been urged as an advantage on
the side of direct taxation. In theory it seems
beautifully true. But practice reveals two fearful
drawbacks—one, that though the additional penny
on the Income-tax, like an addition to a parish
rate, brings in its penny, it does so by augmenting
injustice already too grievous to be patiently borne
in times of peace. The second is that on which we
are now dwelling, that this very facility of extort-
ing a sure and certain sum by another turn of the
screw, disposes Governments to give the turn, and
get the money. Facility of " raising the wind"
makes spendthrifts of Governments as well as of
individuals ; and it is not facile to raise large
sums by Customs duties ; it is facile to raise them
by the Income-tax.
We have therefore a pretty strong impression,
that we shall never see Retrenchment in earnest or
a peaceful policy abroad, till we lay the Income-
tax on the shelf, to be used only when we are
actually attacked, at home or in our colonies. We
regard it as a settled point that our Customs, Ex-
cise, and other sources would supply ample arma-
ments for a defensive policy. We need not, and
ought not, to make faster progress with our arma-
ments, already enormous, and capable of great re-
duction, than our taxation, apart from the Income-
tax, would enable us to do. Of course, if ten
millions were not wrung from us by the screw
direct, it would fructify to the Chancellor of the
Exchequer's benefit in increased trade and con-
sumption. And we must confess that we have
little doubt that if we repeated this autumn and
next spring our forefathers' policy of 1816 we should
money
keep our o,ey -
in our pockets and the nation be
equally
seeu —perhe.ps more so.
re

The King
of Prussia will proceed about the
middle of August to Ostend, where his Majesty will pa.®,
ake is his custom each year, a few weeks.
The Prussian Minister at Turin, Count Brassier
de Saint- Simon, left Berlin three days back to return to his
post 4t we believe," says the Xreutz Zeitung, " that he
- carried with him no instructions relative to the recognition
of the liingdoru of Italy.

THE VICEROY OF EGYPT.—His Royal Highness
Said Pasha yesterday visited the Royal gun-factories at
Woolwich. Accompanied by a single attendant carrying
an umbrella, he left the yacht at half-past 9. Senior Inspec-
tor Brine, in charge of the police detachment in the Arsenal,
who speaks French, was in waiting, and with him the Vice-
roy proceeded towards the gun-factories. A number of
guns burst at proof, some of which are the experimental
hooped guns, attrac' ed his attention, as well as various old
pieces of ordnance recovered from wrecks. During the
inspection of these relics the heads of departments arrived
and:svere most cordially received by the Viceroy, who was
soon after joined by Mr. Larking. The visitors then pro-
ceeded to the forge, and the Pasha, having been accommo-
dated with a chair, witnessed the operation of rolling out
the coils, welding, ho., and spent two hours in the factory
examining with interest each branch of the department,
and the complete manufacture of the Armstrong gun. The
process was explained by Mr. Anderson with the aid of
diagrams. Mr. Larking translated what was said into
Arabic. At 12 o'clock the Pasha returned on board the
Faid Gahaad, and at 1 10 proceeded by her Majesty's
special train to London.
Since the 13th inst. the Belgian State railways
and the Northern of Franco and South-Eastern Railway
Companies have granted to travellers from Brussels and
other places tickets available for one month, to go to Lon-
don via Calais and Dover, during the Exhibition, with a
reduction of 25 per cant. on the ordinary fares.
During the last two or three years the French
Government has paid great attention to the cultivation of
fish, both in salt and fresh water, as an alimentary neces-
sity. The principal person to whom France is indebted for
most useful piscatorial labours is M. Costa ; his nomination
of inspector, both of the river and coast fisheries, appears in
the Illonzteur.
The Paris journals state that M. Dente, the pub-
lisher, is about to marry Mdlle. Decamps, daughter of the
celebrated painter, who lost his life by the accident last year
at Fontainebleau.
According to letters from Warsaw, nine Polish
ladies accused of having participated in singing hymns and
reciting prayers considered by the police seditious, were re-
moved from the citadel of that city on the 10th, and trans-
ferred to convents.
The Invalide .Russe publishes an Imperial ukase
of the Emperor of Russia, raising General Luders, Lieuten.
ant of the Kingdom of Poland, and temporarily Comman •
der-in-Chief of the first army, to the dignity of Count of the
Empire of Russia, as a reward for his services.
"We are authorised," says the Patrie, "to con-
tradict a rumour which has prevailed within the last day
or two of the departure for Berlin of Baron de Bismark-
Schcenhausen, the Prussian Ambassador. The envoy of
King William has not left Paris."
Advices from Toulon state that orders have been
transmitted from Paris to have several vessels taken from
the Meditenanean squadron to carry otit reinforcements to
General de Lorencez. The steam line-of-battle ships St.
Louis and Imperial are spoken of as likely to be appropriated
to the service in question. Similar orders, it is said, have
been sent to Cherbourg and Brest.
The Professorship of Greek in Durham Uni-
versity, with a Canonry Residentiary in Durham Cathedral
annexed, has been conferred upon the Rev. T. S. Evans,
M.A., one of the Assistant-Masters of Rugby School.
THE WEATHER AND THE CROPS.—The weather
this week has continued dull, and unfavourable for the de-
velopment of the cereal crops in the eastern district. A
warm forcing period is now required, but, instead of such a
state of things, the skies have been dull and lowering. On
Tuesday evening a considerable quantity of rain fell, and
the outstanding hay crop must have been drenched, Yes-
terday morning showed no improvement, rain still continu-
ing. There are some complaints as to mildew and insect
ravages, but probably these are only of a very partial cha-
racter,und, taking affairs generally, a few fine forcing days
would no doubt work wonders.
SINGULAR PHENOMENON.—In the afternoon of
Monday, the 9th inst., the hamlet of Aldreth, Haddenham,
was visited by a severe thunderstom. In s plaee there
are two cottages standing in a lone place, hi occupied by
Daniel Cockle and John Stokes, labourers. About five yards
from Cockle's house, and in an adjoining field, there is a young
elm tree. The tree was struck by lightning; the fluid
travelled from thence in a very indirect line to the furthest
house, entering the back door, which was open. Ann Stokes,
aged fourteen years, was standing in this room, not facing
the doorway, but near the middle of it, and in a line
with the door. The electric fluid struck the girl's
lower extremities, paralysing both feet, and 1..,...1...,x,,e, an
imprint upon the left leg and thigh of the colour of scarlet,
and in every respect resembling the tree itself, viz., the
trunk, branches, and the leaves, and in the most beautiful
model form it is possible to eonceive. She has regained the
use of her limbs, and the daguerreotype appearance is fading
away. Strange to say her dress was not in any way in-
jured by the electric fluid.—Cambridge independent.
MORE OUTRAGES IN IRELAND.—The Mullingar
correspondent of the Freeman's lomat, writing on the
16th inst., says :—" Last night a number of men went to
the house of Mr. Kelly, farmer, of Ballinlug, one of whom
fired a shot, lodging the contents in the back door. They
then went to the house of one of his workmen, named
Donnellan, and having obtained admittance pulled him and
his brother out of bed, and beat them severely with whips
and sticks, and cautioned them to give up land they had
taken from Mr. Kelly. On going away they fired a shot.
Two parties have been arrested on suspicion." The Clon-
mel correspondent of the same journal writes :—" On the
night of the 14th inst. several persons, all armed, came to
the house of Edward Hayden, of Curraheen, a respectable
farmer, and commenced firing shuts. Hayden, on going
out in the morning, found a grave dug and two threatening
notices lying therein, threatening him and his herd with
death. It is believed that this was done to intimidate
Hayden proceeding with an ejectment at the Cashel quarter
sessions, which he had served on a party for the recovery of
a small farm."
CRIME AT NAPLES.—The Paese of Naples relates
the following crime, committed in that city on the 7th :
ti An English gentleman and lady named Porter, had fixed
their residence at the hotel called locanda di Europa, but
used generally to dine elsewhere. On the day alluded to,
Mrs. Ann Porter, who is stated to be about 70 years of age,
felt herself unwell, and bade her husband go and dine alone'
which he did, and after dinner went to the play. On his
return home he knocked at the door repeatedly without re-
ceiving an answer, and finding upon inquiry that his lady
had not been seen since he had left, he caused the door to
be broken open, when, to the dismay of all present, Mrs.
Porter was found on the floor, weltering in her blood. She
had been stabbed with a stiletto in three places, and, not
content with this, the assassin, finding he had not succeeded
in dealing the death blow, had struck her head several
times violently against the floor. A sum of 3,000 f. had
been carried off. Medical aid having been procured, the
lady was brought to life again, and hopes are entertained
of her recovery. The police immediately took possession of
the premises, arresting all the inmates, from the landlord
down to the lowest menial, and an inspector was appointed
to superintend the searching of the house. Nothing has as
yet transpired, but suspicion has fallen upon one of the
porters of the hotel not enjoying a very good character."
THREE CHILDREN SHOT.—A most distressing
occurrence happened at Sicklesmere on Monday afternoon,
three little girls being shot. Abour a quarter to six the
girls, whose names were Emma and Ellen Clover and
Mary Ann Woodgate, aged respectively six, three, and two
years, were playing in the Sicklesmere-road, cn the Bury
side of the toll-gate, when their attention was attracted
by some crab apples growing on a tree standing in the
fence of a garden belonging to a Mrs. Upson. The
children attempted to get some of the apples, and a little
boy who saw them ran in and told Mrs. Upson that they
were after the apples. She took no notice of what the
boy said at first, but, on his going a second time, said
she would come and see after them, and took a gun which
was hanging up in the house, saying she would frighten
them with it. A neighbour, Mrs. Wright, who was with
her at the time, told her to mind that it was not loaded,
but she said, " Oh, no, it is not loaded." She went out,
taking with her the gun, which she presented at the
children, who were about twenty yards from her ; when,
either from the nipple catching her dress or the pressure
of her hand, the gun went off, severely wounding the
eldest girl and slightly injuring the other two. Two of
the children were at once sent home, but the injuries
of Emma Clover proved much more serious, she having
been struck by no less than 47 shots, all over the front of
her body, on both thighs, the left leg, and both her arms
and hands, some of the shots having p©b
more
than two inches. The woman, on seeing what her thought-
lessness had caused, became so excited that it was neces-
sary for Police-constable Grimsey to remain with her all
night to prevent her doing herself an injury. She declares
that she was not aware the gun was loaded, and expresses
the greatest regret for what had haPpened. She is in the
custody of the police, and will be brought before the magi-
strates to-morrow. The poor girl Emma Clover remains in
a precarious state.—Bury and Norwich Post.
THE LATE STRIKE OF THE LONDON MASONS.—
The master builders have, it appears, generally accepted
the terms upon which the masons consented to close their
strike last week, and the men who remained out had been
pretty well absorbed in the various yards and shops. A large
number have been taken on for the Albert Mausoleum, new
in course of erection in the grounds of Frogmore House,
The men have avoided as much as possible going into the
establishments of those employers who made themselves
most conspicuous in enforcing the hour system, some of
whom have vainly endeavoured to get back their old hands,
generally first-class workmen. The total number of opera-
tive masons now employed in London is considerably less
than just previous to the strike last year, the majority of
I those who struck having during the continuance of the
strike obtained employment in the country.

Rapine, murder, incendiarism, and destruction of
he crops are punishable with death.

MADRID, JUNE 18.

According to intelligence received here from
Mexico, Sir Charles Vvryke, Commodore Dunlop,
and General Doblado have signed a treaty satisfy-
ing the demands of England.
The ratifications of the treaty were exchanged at
Mexico.

TURIN, JUNE 13, EVENING.
In the Chamber of Deputies to-day the following
Address to the King was proposed :

" The Bishops assembled of Rome have cut
grave insults upon our country. They have denied
our national right and have invoked foreign violence.
Let us reply by proclaiming our determination to
maintain intact the national right of the metro-
polis of our country, suffering violence at the hands
of masters whom she repudiates. The words pro-
nounced at the Vatican have declared all negotia-
tions impossible. This language removes every
ground for the hesitation which has long dis-
played the moderation of the Italian people. When
ecclesiastics, forgetting their ministry, put forth
wishes tor reacuou apsolation
from the Pontifical territory into the Southern pro-
vinces, Europe ought to be convinced that the
authority of the Italian King and people only can
settle the Roman question.

After a short discussion, the Address was voted

almost unanimously.

ST. PETERSBURG, JUNE 18

The Journal de St, Petersbourg of to-day an-
nounces that the Governor-General has determined
to close the Chess Club in the capital, which, ac-
cording to the official statement, was used as the
centre for disseminating false reports.
It has likewise been decided to shut up the pub-
lic reading-rooms, on account of their proprietors
distributing revolutionary publications.

SEMLIN, JUNE 18.
Hostilities in Belgrade were suspended yesterday

afternoon.

The damage caused by the bombardment is in.
considerable.

The families of Austrian subjects in the city took
refuge on board four steamers, and came to this
place.

FRANCE.
Under the head of :c Latest Intelligence" La
Presse publishes the following :
"A Ministerial Council was held yesterday at
the Palace of the Tuileries, under the presidency of

his Mnjesty the Emperor.
" Vice-Admiral Jurien de la Graviere has arrived
in Paris. He goes to Fontainebleau to-day, ac-
companied by the Minister of Marine.
" Great activity prevails at Toulon. Six steamers
and four large transports are getting ready to
convey troops to Mexico."
A bill was laid before the Legislative Corps on
Monday demanding a sum of 15,000,000 f. for the
Mexican expedition. It was agreed unanimously
to refer it to the Commissioß on the Budget, who,
of course, will report favourably.
of irancs (a million sterling)
were yesterday paid in to the French Treasury by
the Spanish Minister for expenses incurred by
France in 1823 in bringing back King Ferdinand
VII. to Madrid, restoring the Government which
the Spanish people had overthrown, and subverting
the Constitution. The ratifications of the conven.
tion between Spain and France were exchanged, an-
a receipt in full of all demands given for that im
portant service. This Spanish indemnity, coming
so opportunely, will more than cover the presen'
demand, and leave 10,000,000 f. over and above for

future contingencies.
The following is the exposa des molifs of the
bil
demanding supplementary credits for the expedi.

tion to Mexico:—
" Gentlemen,—In the Emperor's Speech to the
great Bodies of the State on the 27th January last
this phrase occurs :--1 We should not be en-
gaged in a struggle with any one at present, if
in Mexico the proceedings of an unscrupulous Go-
vernment had not obliged us to join with Spain and
England for the protection of our countrymen and
for the repression of violent acts against humanity
and the law of nations.' In the interval which has
elapsed since that time, England and Spain have
thought fit to withdraw their troops from Mexico,
and a small French corps of 7,000 men has re-
mained to continue alone the operations commenced
in common. That body of men, notwithstanding
its very moderate number, will not fail, in its mis-
sion of civilisation, but will issue victoriously, we
are quite convinced, from the trials which may
await it. But, whatever may be our confidence in
its ultimate success, prudence always commands us
to place ourselves in a position to provide against all
eventualities of war, and it is with that object that
the Government applies to the Legislative Body
before the session terminates for the credits neces-
sary to convey, according as they may be required,
such reinforcements in men and stores as may be
found indispensable. The first reinforcements may
be sent out at once. Such is the object of the bill
for supplementary credits which we now present ;
seven millions being for the War Department, and
eight for that of the Marino. It is well understood
that the said credits cannot receive any other des-
tination than the expedition to Mexico. On
every point where our flag is engaged,' says the
report of the committee on the Budget, ' we will
support it energetically.' The Government ex-
pected nothing less from the patriotism of the
Legislative Body, and it has a firm confidence that
a unanimous response will be given to the appeal
now made to it."

BOURSE, Sulu) 18.—The market has, up to the
present time, undergone but a very slight retrograde
movement, but the same want of animation in busi-
ness prevails, speculators all holding aloof from
anything in the shape of important operations.
Threes, for the Account, are now at 68f 30c. The
Railway Share Market also heavy, and with a
downward tendency. The market closed as fol-

lows :--
41 per per Cents 96 90
Do. end month
3 per Cents
Do. end month 6B 35
New 3 per Cents
Do. end month 6B 35
Credit Mobilier 845
Do. end month B4B 75
RAILI

Bank Shares 3180

Credit Fonder 1665
Piedmont4sc Fives 72 85
Italian Loan 72 65
Roman —
Austrian
Spanish Threes —
Rome Debt

'AYS.

Cash. Account.
1277 50 .. 1280
1068 75 .. 1067 50

Orleans
Northern
New ditto
Lyons and Mediterranean 1100 .. 1102 50
Geneva
Southern
Western ..
Eastern •. •
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard 6ll 25 .. 612 50

THE MURDER OF MR. FITZGE.RALD,

DUBLIN, WEDNESDAY NIGHT.

Beckham was sentenced to-day. The execution is fixed
for July 10. John Punch, who was found guilty of sending
a threatening letter to Mr. Hamilton Langley; a road con-
tractor, has been sentenced to four years' penal servitude.
The remaining case is adjourned.
The Crown solicitors do not propose to send up bills
against the Delanes at present.

It is wrong to take Snuff," said a Yankee philo-
sopher, " for it teaches the nose a bad habit, and a man is
always sure to follow his nose 1"