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THE HON. G-RANTLEY BERKELEY'S
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This Day, Never before Published, Price 25.,
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A Biography of a Fast Young Lady, familiar;y known
as " The Kitten."

London: George Vickers, Angel-court, Strand.

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- -- •

TH E PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL,
CONTAINING THE
TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL
SOCIETY.

CONTENTS.—Progress made with Reference to Pharmaceu-
tical Legislation—Notes on the Chlorides of Iron, and the
Methods of making Solution of Perch:oride of Iron of Con-
stant Strength On a New Farm of ointment of Stivesacre,
and its Application in certain Cutaneous Diseases—Dis-
covery of Theine in Kola Nuts—On Illss~ liurification of Essen-
tial Oil of Almonds—Pharmaceutical Society, EdinbFgh
Liverpool Chemists' Association—Leeds Chemists' Associa-
tion— Bath Chemists' Association - Chemical Discussion As-
sociation of the Pharmaceutical Society—Meetings on Phar-
macy Bill a Edinburgh, Liverpool, Nottingham, Southamp-
ton Notes on Conessine, alias Wrightine Cochineal
Colouring - Sea-Weed Wine—Purified Oil of Bitter Almonds
—Accidental Poisoning—Proposed Legislation and the ,'e le-
volent Fund—Annual Meeting of the American Pharmaceu-
tical Association, 1801—Treatment of Diseases of the Sain
Skin Diseases—The Philosophy of Health—The Year Book
of Pharmacy—Ob tuary.
VOLU.IIE V., Second Series, may be had in cloth, as well

as tlie Twenty-two preceding Volumes, price 12e. 6d.

London : John Churchill and Sons, New Burlinzton-street.
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Demy Bvo.. extra cloth, 6a. 6d.,

IFE : Its NATURE, VARIETIES, and
IA PHENOMENA. By LEO GRLNDON. Third
_ _

Opening of the- South London Working-
Classes Industrial Exhibition,

Edition.

Mr. Grindon's book has reached, but will not stop at, the
third edition. It is the work of a scholar, a Christian, and a
man of real science."—Morning Herald.
" To those who delight in the exercise of their intellectual
powers, these very thoughtful and beautifully-written reflec-
tions will be a welcome boon, and the source long afterwards,
we may rest assured, of many fruitful meditations and plea-
sant memories." —Sun.
" The reader will find in it much thought and much read-
ing. There is plenty to think upon, plenty to study, plenty
10 entertain."—lllustrated London News."
London : F. Pitman, 20, Paternoster-row, E.C,

The ceremony of opening this interesting exhibition took
ace last afternoon, at the Lambeth Baths, Westminster-

bridge-road. The exhibition is the second of its kind
which has taken place in connection with the south of
London, and appears to be in every respect a great im-
provement on its predecessor of last year. As was to be
expected from the favour with which such exhibitions have
been looked upon by the general public, and the success
which has attended them in other places, there is a largo
increase in the number of exhibitors as compared with the
previous one ; while to find space for the corresponding
increased number of articles exhibited, a great improve-
ment has been effected in the interior of the building.
The number of exhibitors is stated at 633, of which 413
are stated to belong to what is called the south postal dis-
trict, 150 to the south-east, and 70 to the south-west, while
the number mightka.ve been.doubled could there have been
sufficient space-found for the accommodation of the articles.

The articles exhibited are classed under four heads, namely,
the artistic department, which contain's 220 articles ; the
mechanical department, containing 210 articles ; the gene-
ral department, 126 ; and the department of fabrics and
fancy work, 77 articles. As it is, therefore, the space re
quired for exhibition purposes is about 5,000 square feet
of wall or hanging space, 1,200 feet run of table space of
various depths, and 800 feet of floor space. To meet this
increased demand for room, an additional gallery has been

constructed all round the building. This erection, while
it affords a largo amount of additional space, tends to impart
to the building an attractive and imposing appearance, and
divests it altogether of its original character. It is con-
structed in the balcony form, and plays the articles hung
upon ;its exterior to the best posMle advantage. Over its:
northern end is placed a Prince of Wales Feather—in honour,

no doubt, of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, who
is the patron of the exhibition—tastefully ornamented with
festoons and garlands, and which adds much to the genera
effect of the arrangement of the articles as seen from the
platform at the other end of the building. The original
balconies, too, have been so garnished up as to make them
appear in exact conformity with the new gallery erected
above them, and to harmonise with the style of those new
erections.

The articles exhibited are so many and so varied in their
character that it would be useless to particularise them. One
thing cannot fail to strike the observer in examining several
of them, and that is the want of association between the
trade or craft followed by the exhibitor and the character of
the article he has constructed. There are, for instance, several
beautiful inlaid tables, of a style of workmanship which
would do honour to the best cabinetmakers in London, and
these are said to be the work of a tanner in Bermondsey.
There are also several splendid models of ships, showing the
most recent and improved style of modern shipbuilding,
with perhaps the exception of Captain Coles' cupola ships,
and these have been modelled and put together by a tailor.
A hairdresser has also shown his proficiency in sculpture ;
while there are many other instances which might be
named of a like character, where productions in art and
science have emanated- from those whose crafts and call-
ings might have been considered as tending to lead them
from following such employment in their leisure hours.
On the occasion of the opening of the exhibition yester-
day afternoon there was a large attendance. The Right
Rev. the Lord Bishop of Winchester took the chair soon
after two o'clock, and was, among many others, accompa-
nied on the platform by the Right Hon. W. Cowper, Mr.
John Locke, M.P., Mr. F. Doulton, M.P., the Hon. Arthur
Kinnaird, M.P., the Rev. J. Lingham (rector of Lambeth),
the Rev. Newman Hall, the Rev. 3. Bowstead, the Rev.
Mr. Seton, Capt. Dresser Rogers, Mr. F. H. Fowler, Mr.
George Lucas, Mr. G. M. Murphy, Mr. J. J. Frederick, &c.
The inauguration proceedings were commenced by the
Rev. NEWMAN HALL, giving out the Old Hundredth Psalm,
which was sung by the large audience with fine effect. A
portion of Scripture, consisting of the 111th Psalm was
then read by the Rev. J. LINGHAM, and an appropriate
prayer was offered up by the Rev. J. BOWSTEAD.
The Bishop of WME:ESTEE then addressed the audience.
Being at the time afflicted with a cold the prevailing com-
plaint of the season, a less interesting occasion than that
on which he had come amongst them would have induced
him to keep within the walls of his own home. He could

Exhibition.

not, however, but look upon it as a high privilege in every
sense of the word to be permitted to take part in so interest-
ing:a proceeding ; and when he recollected how much energy
and labour and skill had been bestowed on the preparation
of all these interesting articles of science and art and taste
which they saw before them, he considered that the
individual who occupied the chair on such an occasion
was but a very humble co-operator indeed in this great
undertaking. Ho would sat, however, that if he
had not worked hitherto, 'as those had done who
had provided those many and beautiful articles of
art and science, he could say with truth that ho entertained
the highest opinion of the value of their enterprise, and
that he reverenced the labour, and the skill, and the energy

which had produced these results. No one could have at-
tained to the age which he had done without having wit-
nessedvast changes—changes he might say in every respect.
It was not to be supposed that two-thirds of a century could
_ _

have passed away a t any period of .the world's history with-
out great changes of some kind or other taking place ; but he
might appeal to the knowledge and recollection of many
whomhe sa,w congregated around him and before him, when
he said that during the last century, and more especially
during the latter part of it, no similar period of time had
winged its course which had been attended with so great
and important and momentous changes ; while so rapid had
they been, that if a sleeper were to wake up after a hun-
dred years' slumber and see what was now the aspect of
things, he would look around with astonishment and won-
der. (Hear, hear.) He was not alluding to the changes
which had taken place in respect of nations. Nations and
empires had risen and fallen, but he was looking to those
changes more immediately connected with men and man-
ners. Ho was old enough to remember the time when the
different classes of society were separated from each other.
Men looked at each other from a distance, and they knew
little of the circumstances or feelings of each other. Still

less did they know of the skill and industry which pre-
vailed in other countries, but which was not to be found
among themselves. In this respect the change that had
come over them was most marvellous, and ho was sure that
all classes appreciated the vast advantages which had flowed
to them from this greater interchange of ideas and senti-
ments. If he was asked to say what class had prospered
most from this change, he would say that the capital of the
pillar seemed to have become more stately and garnished
from the embellishments which those changes had thrown
around it. It was true a poet had said—
" Slow rises worth by poverty depressed ;"

- -
and even at the present day, while he admitted that poverty
had a depressing tendency, at the same time the new state
of thought and feeling which had risen up seemed, in spite
of difficulties and drawbacks, to throw off that depression
and to join in the sentiment of another poet, who had

THE MERCHANT NAVY.—The twin-screw steam-
ship, Far East, Henry Jones, commander, from
Hongkong, arrived off the Isle of Wight on the 29th ult.
She brings the following passengers': Lieut. Grant, 85th
Regiment, from Capetown ; Lieut. Taubman, sth Regi-
ment, from Capetown; Mr. Wilson, Mrs. Wilson, two
children and servant, from Hankow ; Mrs. Eaton, child
and servant, from Shanghai ; Mrs. Henry Jones, two chil-
dren and servant. On Nov. 22, in lat 20 and long 75 E.,
the S.E. trade winds failed. Thence she had light variable
winds, rendering it necessary to keep the ship under steam
until Dec. 7, when she made the coast of Africa off Algoa
Bay. There the wind set in from S.W., and all the coal
being expended it was necessary to put the ship under
canvas and beat to windward, to Capetown, where she ar-
rived Dec. 13. After leaving the Cape, the trades were
found to be unusually light, and they failed in 2 deg S.
In 32 deg. the N.E. trade winds failed. After thieshe en-
countered calms and thick weather until Jan. 21, in lat 45
deg N., and long 20 deg W. Then the wind set in from
N.E. to E., blowing hard gales, with a high, confused sea.
She spoke, on Nov. 30, the British bark Coeur do Lion,
from Fouchoufoo for London, in lat 28 15 S., long 28 40 E.;
Nov. 30th, Marryatt's Code, 2d pennant 8,537, Hamburgh
ship, lat 28 15 S., long 28 40 E.; Nov. 30th, Ist pennant,
9,857, British bark, rend 6,947, rend 4,036, lat 28 15 S, long
28 40 E ; December 11, the British ship Falcon, from Mau-
ritius for London, lat 34 57 S, long 23 11 E. ; 13th, the
British bark Peterborough, from Macao for London, lat 34
57 S, long 19 53 E ; 17th, Ist pennant, 6,519, Hamburg
bark, lat 31 14 S, long 13 31, E. ; 19th, the British bark
St. Oswin, from Singapore for London, lat 27 48 S, long
8 6 E ; 29th, her Majesty's ship Wye, from St. Paul's for
Ascension, lat 8 25 S, long 10 35 E. ; January 4, the steam
tug Conqueror, from Falmouth for Calcutta, and the
British ship Eliza Shaw, from London for Japan, both in
lat 5 N, long 19 31 E ; 9th, British bark, second pennant
2,378, 6,209, 2,843, lat 15 N, long 26 38 W ; 14th, French
schooner, showing two flags PP and 71, first white and
second coloured ; 15th, British bark Copiapo, from Co-
quimbo for Havre, lat 32 50 N, long 51 30 W. The ship
Sea Star, 654 tons, Commander Alexander Louttit,
belonging to D. Louttit, Wick, from Adelaide for
London, arrived at Deal on the 30th ult. She brings
2,186 bales of wool, 2,733 cakes copper, and a quantity of
back, leather, horns, hoofs, and bones. In the cabin were
the following passengers—Mr. A. Giles, Mrs. Woodbridge,
Mrs. Louttit, Mr. and Mrs. Boor, and Mr. Mitchell. She
sailed from Adelaide Nov. 5, rounded Cape Horn Dec. 7,
and crossed the Line Dec. 29. Between the meridian of 85
deg. and 120 deg. E. and lat. 49 and 56, she met numerous
icebergs. Throughout the whole passage she experienced
favourable weather till the 21st ult., when she was 240
miles W. by S. of Plyin9nth, where she had a succession of
easterly gales.

said—
" Worth makes the man, the want of it the fellow ;
The rest is all but leather and prunella."
It was therefore a matter of thankfulness that this change
did not confine its operations to one class of the commu-
nity, but that it operated on all classes. If he were to ad-
vert to even the highest class, he there found that it was
the late Prince Consort who, by the Great Exhibition of
1851, had inaugurated the good work in which they were
now engaged. If, then, the example was thus set in the
highest places of the land, he would be ungrateful if he did
not admit that it had been readily and cordially followed
by the employers of labour everywhere throughout the
country. That was exemplified in the attention which was
paid by the employers of labour in large towns to the com-
fort as also to the improvement of their workmen, in pro-
viding places for their wholesome recreation, and where
they might have opportunities of improving their minds. It
was also exemplified in other respects by some employers
giving their workmen leisure for summer excursions ; and
having a charge in one of the Channel Islands, he could
testify to the fact of some of them giving their workmen
£lO for excursion purposes, having seen them enjoying the
fresh air of those islands, and heard from their own lips
what their masters had done for them. These workmen so
highly appreciated the boon that they brought memorials
of their visits to these islands home with them, and one of
these in not a few instances was.in the shape of a walking
stick made of a substance of which walking sticks are not
generally made of, viz., the cabbage tree. (A laugh.) Thsse
things therefore he looked upon with feelings of great satis-
faction, as they could not fail to be productive of the
greatest benefit to the community. The right rev. prelate
concluded.by expressing an earnest hope that the exhibi-
tion would be productive of the greatest benefit and bless-
ing, not only to the promoters of it, but also to the exhibi-
tors, and every ono connected with it.
Mr. G. M. MURPHY, one of the honorary secretaries, then
read a prefatory statement setting forth the origin of the ex-
hibition, and the means which had been taken to bring it to
maturity. It was stated that the guarantee fund, which it
was proposed should be £l,OOO, now amounted to £l,lOB
ss. 6d., the numbers of guarantors being 96, many of
whom were working men. He stated at the same time that
the Chancellor of the Exchequer had intended to be present,
but that having to attend a Cabinet Council he could not
possibly attend. Letters of apology had also been received
for Sir Charles Gilpin, Mr. Harry Chester, and Sir Thomas
Phillips.
The Hon. W. 001VPER, M.P., next addressed the meeting,
and congratulated those present on the success to which
they had brought the undertaking. It was most gratifying
to see the works of so lrrgo a body of their fellow working
men spread out before them in the manner in which they
were in that building. Such a sight was peculiarly inte-
• resting to those who had done their utmost to obtain for the
• Working cla§ceo WON hOurs iu the shape of 04 curtail-

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 2, 1865.

Operative Coachmakers' Industrial

ment of the hours of labour and the Saturday half holiday,
when they could turn their attention to such matters. No
doubt, it was said by many that these classes would use
their leisure time for bad purposes, but the present exhi-
bition and others which had taken place in London and
elsewhere gave the lie to such assertions. (Hear, hear.)
When he looked round upon the various specimens of ar-
tistic and mechanical skill, as well as of taste and imagina-
tive power, which he saw around him, he could not help
but feeling what pleasure the production of these must
have afforded to the various homes and households from
which they emanated. How many anxious eyes might
have looked upon some of those paintings, and how many
warm and anxious hearts might have throbbed with rapture
as they witnessed the completion of other works of art and
mechanical skill. Such exhibitions were an admirable means
of forming taste and giving expression to the power of the
imagination, and the manner in which the working classes
had taken advantage of them, showed that taste was not
confined to any one class of the community, but that it was
scattered broad-cast over the whole human family. It had
been a source of great gratification to him t.o•see that such
exhibitions were opened by prayer and praise, and he was
delighted to see the Right Rev. the Bishop of the Diocese
presiding over the opening of the present one. The fact
that the clergy of all denominations had so readily rallied
round such exhibitions, and so much encouraged them,
showed conclusively that they looked upon them as an
important means of promoting the education of the working
classes of this country, and of doing away with that mate-
rialism which was so much abroad. (Hear.) They ought to
b-e encouraged in their efforts by the manner in which the
working men had themselves taken up the matter, and that
was perhaps the most encouraging feature in the business,
for it showed that a new era was dawning upon them, and
that the working men of this country had determined that
no effort should be spared to render them equal in skill and
energy to their brethren throughout the world.
Mr. JOHN Locxs, M.P., next addressed the meeting, and
stated that he had an additional ground of gratification at
seeing the sight before him over any of those who had
spoken, inasmuch as a large portion of the exhibitors were
his own constituents, and in whose well-beinghe felt a deep
interest. A gentleman who had come over from Paris to the
last Exhibition in 1862 had said that the English were only
a set of western Chinese. The reason he gave for that was,
that seeing the marked improvement which had taken
place in articles of English manufacture in the Exhibition
of 1862 over that of 1851 he attributed it to their having
copied it all from the French and other foreigners, and that
they were therefore simply a set of western Chinese, who
could produce nothing original, but copied everything.
(Hear, hear.) Now he did not think them to be copyists.
Let them show that they had originality; and then no one
would call them western Chinese. That they had such,
that exhibition amply testified, and let them go on improv-
ing it, and they would do honour to themselves as well as
to their country.
The Rev. NEWMAN HALL then addressed the assembly,
and was followed by
The Hon. A. KINNAIRD, M.P., who expressed the plea-
sure it afforded him at being present, and the gratification
with whichhe had witnessed the splendid display of articles
which had been provided for the exhibition.
Mr. G. LUCAS then proposed the thanks of the meeting
to the Bishop of Winchester for his kindness in presiding,
and the•able manner in which he had conducted the pro-
ceedings.
Mr. F. H. FOWLER. having seeonded the motion, it was
supported and put to the meeting by Mr. F. DOULTON, M.P.,
and adopted with much applause.
The Bishop of WINCHESTER having acknowledged the
compliment, the proceedings terminated with the audience
singing the "National Anthem."
The exhibition was opened to the public at 6 o'clock, and
was crowded throughout the evening.

Yesterday the public opening of the Operative Coach-
makers' InduArial Exhibition, in the Coachmakers' Hall,
Noble-street, took place in the presence of a large number
of persons, the Marquis of Lansdowne presiding at the cere-
mony. The very reverend Dean Milman was also present,
and several members of the Coachmakers' Company. His
lordship arrived punctually at 12 o'clock, the hour appointed
for the opening, and having taken the chair,
Mr. G. N. HOOPER, of the Haymarket, read an address
on behalf of the committee of management, from which we
give the following extract :
" On the occasion of publicly opening the first industrial
Exhibition of the Operative Coachmakers of London, in this
corporate hall, every one must feel that a striking contrast
is presented between the present state of the coachmaking
trade, and the position it occupied when the Company of
Coach and Coach-harness' Makers received its charter from
the hands of King Charles 11., May 31st, 1669. At that
period trades wero mysteries and their processes secret.
The present exhibition, however, illustrates a vast change,
not only in the processes employed, but in the altered state
of feeling on the part of employePs and workmen, who now
court inquiry, comparison, and inspection of their work,
hoping to interest the public by showing how much inge-
nuity, patience, and care are necessary for the production
of a first-rate carriage. Carriages of a rude and uneasy de-
scription were invented at a very early date, and were in use
among the Israelites, Egyptians, and Assyrians, as recorded
in the sacred writings and upon their sculptured monuments;
The Greeks and Romans made very little improvement upon
the Egyptian carriages, beyond inventing four-wheeled
vehicles, and the art seems to have slumbered for many
centuries. It revived at length and attained great excellence
in Italy in the 15th and 16th centuries, and became spread
over other countries. In the time of Queen Mary, 1556,
we find mention made of a coach suspended on leather
braces ; this may have been sent to her from Italy, by her
relations who then ruled over that country. This was the
commencement ofithe improvement in the art of coach-
building in England, and which art was soon so extensively
patronised that the writers of the times foretold that the
use of carriages would enervate and enfeeble the people,who
ought to be satisfied to travel on horseback as their fore-
fathers had done. We may congratulate ourselves, how-
ever, that although carriages are now in daily use by all
classes of society, we see no signs of that enervation which
our ancestors predicted. Since the introduction of railways,
the number of carriages has multiplied to an extraordinary
extent, assisted by the reduction of the tax upon them, by
Mr. Gladstone, in 1853. This increase has moreover stimu-
lated industry and invention. The sound and honest cha-
racter of English carriages has long been appreciated
throughout Europe and every country in the world, and for
many years has secured a preference for the English trade.
Our carriages have, for upwards of half a century, been
considered the best in the world, both in design and dura-
bility.',The idea of rewarding working men for great skill,
as well as master manufacturers, is not new ; like many
other seeds, designated to bear good fruit, this idea arose
during the organising of the Great Exhibition of 1851. It
is a matter of regret that we have not been able to promise
protection and full security for inventors of new and
useful improvements. The patent law, as it at present
exists, is both an evil and a good, the dread of exhibit-
ing before the invention is secured, often prevents the
very exhibition in which hints for perfection might be
gathered on one hand, and beneficial sale for the im-
provement be secured on the other by this sort of
publicity. These exhibitions specially offer encourage-
ment for young journeymen to make known their own
original ideas by drawing and models ; they can thus gain
opportunities for advancement and becoming known. Had
the committee been able to make the proposed exhibition
more generally known, and to have given longer time to
prepare objects for exhibition, a much Larger number of
exhibitors and interesting drawings and models would
probably have been the result ; but the near approach of
the London season, during which the time and strength of
both master and man are taxed to the utmost, forbade ally
lengthening of the time of preparation, and to defer the ex-
hibition to the autumn might have been to cool down the
cordial and expectant feeling that had been raised. It was
thought better that a small collection of objects sufficient
to fill the hall, containing in itself examples of modern pro-
gress, with relics of the past and memorials of true excellence
in the art, the whole enshrined in its fitting place of exhi-
bition, the hall of the Company of Coach and Coach-harness
Makers, would be better than attempting a more ambitious
exhibition."
The noble CHAIRMAN, in reply, said he had to congratu-
late the operative coachmakers of the City and of England

generally on the successful start now made of an exhibition
which, he trusted, would be followed by beneficial results
to the coachmaking trade and to the community. It was

only by making the public feel on these occasions that they
were interested in these exhibitions that they could hope to
meet with that support which would make them permanent
institutions, as he hoped this would be. (Hear.) On the
score of use there never was an epoch, when the inventions
which it was the object of this exhibition to encourage were
so likely to be advantageous to the public in general. In
former times carriages were confined to so limited a num-
ber of persons that the public generally felt but little inte-
rest in them. But now, thanks to the prosperity which
prevailed, the luxury of a carriage, he was happy to say,
extended to a larger class of the community than was ever
known before, and therefore there was endless opportunity
for the development of talent as applied to the trade of
coachmaking. It would be difficult to enumerate the vari-
ous classes of carriages which were now in demand. Ho
might, in fact, say that too much was sometimes demanded
of coachmakers, and there was hardly a limit to what
people wished to have. (Hear.) No doubt that might be
pushed too far. To people living in the coun,frn
and who
had to travel a great distance, lightness of the vehicle was
the great object; while others might wish for strength
and 091idity. Many improvements Lad WWI made iu these