The Sun.
London, England, 1865-01-27 00:00:00

Cerebral Organisation of Kohl.:

That Franz Muller spoke truly in denying his guiltiness
of murder, whether designed, or actually perpetrated by his
hand, may be admitted as likely by persons competent to
infer character from cerebral organisation. For Muller's
head stands forward boldly from that animalised contour
'of brain which is now becoming familiar to persons much
in contact with the lowest class of convicts. " The, type
of the criminal head and face," says a late writer in the
Times, "is well known in Portland and its neighbour-
hood."

So well is this type and its varieties known to duly in-
formed phrenologists, that any of them with a little skill
in drawing could delineate with considerable accuracy the
outline of the head of any convict, the details of whose life
and crime were well established.
In the case of Kohl, who was executed on the 26th inst.
at Chelmsford, for the murder of Fuhrhop, there could be
no doubt as to the type of his head. By the kindness of
the High Sheriff of Essex I was permitted to take a cast
of Kohl's head after his execution. The reality almost
exceeded what I expected to see.
. .

If, as there is now little ground for doubting, the inborn
moral and religious sentiments are the functional result of
action in the corofial parts, or organs, of the brain, the
animal feelings being in like manner connected with the
basilar region, then Kohl may be said to have come into
existence devoid of a moral nature ; and therefore to have
been, what he has. proved himself to have been, a born
brute. I doubt if in the large number of casts of mur-
derers' heads in the phrenological collections there be half
a dozen of so low and dangerous a type as Kohl's.
In additidh to the ordinary characteristics of the
brute man, Kohl had that one which intensifies every
other. He was a voracious eater and an epicure. The day
before his execution ho asked for an extra allowance of meat
and bread, and at his last breakfast he called for new bread.
Coeteris paribus, the heavy feeder is ever the more brutal.
Kohrsdemeanour since his condemnation was an alternation
of outbursts of savage rage and lapses into meek and smil-
ing craftiness. He had to be watched as if he were actu-
ally that to which his nature so closely approached, a
homicidal maniac, or a ferocious wild beast. The very full
development of his perceptive organs gave him the
intelligence so remarkable in most of the savage races.
He was "quick to learn," but not " wise to know."
Of power to trace, prospectively, the concatenation of cause
and effect he must have been miserably deficient. His
forehead was " villainously low." Of corona], or moral,
development his organisation was "below Zero." Reli-
gious and moral sentiment he must lave been almost
totally devoid of. When even on the brink of "the jump
into the dark," (the fear of which alone restrains many of
the savages in this country from murdering), a word of
truth did not burst from Kohl's lips. The contrast between
the heads of Muller and Kohl must be very interesting to
phrenologists. Even to the number of intelligent persons
who, from ignorance of the doctrines of phrenology, or in-
attention to the language of the head (not an easy one to
learn) think of phrenology as if it were a crotchet of a few
minds—not a new revelation of an original law of nature,
which not to know and obey is to be ever in danger—the
crimes, the fates, and the cerebral organisations of these
men ought to teach a lesson of at least modesty in judging.
and in speaking of, a subject of which all who have
not studied it can speak only at random. Of course
this observation does not apply to "critics," who have the
privilege of knowing' all things, not by ex but by in-tuition,
and who are " all ready made." Let us not forget, in our
detestation of crime, and in the just punishment of crimi-
nals, that no man chooses his own mental organisation, nor
his education. In phrenology man is informed of a whole
code of laws, revealed in God's good time, but as yet
lamentably ignored and despised, even in quarters where
all the divine laws ought to be reverently studied, and from
which they should be loudly promulgated.

C. DONOVAN.

School of Phrenology, 111, Strand,
Jan. 27, 1865.

The Grievances of the Coalwhippers.

Last night an adjourned public meeting of coalwhippers
was held at the Phoenix Tavern, Broad-street, Ratcliff-
cross, for the purpose of receiving a report from the com-
mittee appointed at a former meeting, to decide upon what
steps should be taken to maintain the present price of 9d.
per ton per gang, for whipping coals from the colliers in the
river or basins to barges or wharves alongside, and to re-
port to the men.
C. C. HOOD, Esq., chairman of the Rateliff Board of
Works, was unanimously voted to the chair. In opening
the business of the meeting he expressed his hearty
sympathy with the coalwhippers in their present emer-
gency. He had on former occasions of strikes supported
the men, because he believed their complaint a just one,
and one which imperatively demanded remedy. He enjoined
them to be united amongst themselves, and to have faith in
each other, and he could assure them that they had the
sympathy of all right-minded men. He thought there
was every reason to be gratified that the factors had con-
ceded what the men asked. True, extraordinary pressure
had to be resorted to, and they were for the time helpless
to resist the men ; but small thanks were due to the
factors for an ungracious and compulsory concession.
But- there was every reason to fear that a reduction to
the old price of 7d. would be attempted by the intro-
duction of surfeit labour. Ho sincerely hoped, however,
that such would not prove the fact. He had been an ap-
prentice on the river himself, and could appreciate the diffi-
culties under which the men laboured.

Mr. KENNEDY, a coalwhipper, complained of having been
suspended from performing his work, and being summoned
to appear before the factors, because his name had appeared
upon the bills as hon. secretary to the movement. He ten-
dered his thanks to the men who had supported him and
themselves by refusing to work until he was allowed to
resume his duties. He hoped that in the event of a similar
circumstance occurring to himself or any other who made
himself prominent in that righteous movement the men would
act in the same manner. The committee had waited upon
several gentlemen since the last meeting, and their success
had been such as far exceeded their most sanguine expecta-
tions. The committee recommended that a society should
be formed, and a register of the names of the men kept, the
men to take ships by rotation, so as to secure a certain
amount of work to every gang. (Hear.) He hoped all the
outsiders and basket-men would fall in with that arrange-
ment—(hear)—and register themselves. (Cheers.) Al-
luding to the benefits which had accrued to the men by
their determined stand, he said that during the last three
weeks the advance of 2d. per ton, taking 600 ships, with
an average burden of 600 tons each, had distributed
£1,500 amongst the men, and as many appeared at that
meeting in " pea jackets" and better hats, he took it
for granted that they were a little better off than pre-
viously. (Cheers.) There was a number of gentlemen
(amongst whom was their staunch friend, the Rev. Mr,
Atherton, the rector) who were anxious to support them,
and the committee had received promises from various
gentlemen to support the men, and a sum of money in
furtherance of that object, amounting in the aggregate to
a little over six hundred guineas, had been promised—
(cheers)—which it was proposed to invest in the names of
trustees, to be appointed by the men themselves, to form
the nucleus of a fund, to which they must subscribe, to
render the establishment of a society, with rules certified
by Mr. Tidd Pratt. The details and rules would be sub-
mitted at a subsequent meeting.
Several other speakers having addressed the meeting,
the proceedings closed with the usual compliment to the
chairman.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE—This day.

LONDON, Jan. 27.—Wind this day at noon—North-
Westerly; moderato breeze and cloudy weather, with rain
and snow.

ILFRACOMBE, Jan. 25.—Wind N.—Arrived—Vincenzo,
from Genoa for Cardiff.

SOUTHAMPTON, Jan. 27.—Wind S.E.—Arrived—Mas-
silia, steamer, from Alexandria.
FALMOUTH, Jan. 25.—Wind N.W.—Arrived—Leda,
from Pandermere.

(BY MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.)
DEAL, Friday Morning.

Passed.—Robert Small, and Estaphania, for Cardiff ;
Ready Rhine, for Galatz ; Glimpse, for the Canaries—all
from London.

THE CANONRY AT WINCHESTER.—It is stated in
the Churchman yesterday, on authority, that the canonry
of Winchester Cathedral, recently vacant by the death of
Archdeacon Hoare, will not be filled up.

STATE OF TRADE.—BRADFORD, Jan. 26.—Though
money is now very easy, yet no demand for wool
is the result of the improvement. The most scanty busi-
ness has been done to-day in wools. There was rather
more inquiry for hogs, but the offers were generally too
low to be accepted. Prices were rather unsteady.
Wool might be bought on terms a shade easier than a
fortnight ago. In worsted yarns the continental trade
continued very depressed. There was scarcely any de-
mand. Stocks are accumulating, and spinners are said to
be generally stopping frames. Tho home trade was still
quiet. There was some activity in certain sorts, chiefly in
twofolds and 40's. Prices were very irregular. The piece
trade was inanimate, although some thought there was a
trifle more business done. The manufacturers of mohair
lenos, white warp Orleans, and camlets continue well occu-
pied with orders previously received. In other respects
there was no change. The home houses, who ordered
pretty freely in November and December, and are now re-
ceiving the goods so ordered, are now giving out small
orders for the purpose of assorting. There was no demand
for plain goods. The American houses are inactive. The
tendency of prices is to soften.
A WATERLOO SOLDIER.—There was interred at
the Cemetery, Brompton, on the the 26th inst., Major James
Reginald Graham, late of the Scots Greys, and on the re-
tired list. This officer was nearly the last remaining of
those who served in that distinguished corps on the 18th of
June, 1815, and was one of the last in the field on that me-
morable evening.