The Sun.
London, England, 1865-01-09 00:00:00

THAMES.

AN IMPUDENT SCOUNDREL—James Harley, alias Henley,
a coalwhipper and labourer, was brought up on remand,
charged with stealing a hammock, two canvas bags, and a
quantity of wearing apparel, the property of Samuel
Hudson, a sailor.
The prosecutor came to the port of .London in the ship
Weardale from the Baltic a few days since, and, /meeting
with the prisoner, engaged him to convey his hammock,
bed, and sea kit from his ship in the Grand Surrey Canal
Dock to the White Hart public-house, High-street, Shad-
well, where he is now staying. The things were put into
a boat, and the prisoner and another man rowed away with
them. The property reached the Middlesex shore, but
never found its way to the White Hart. The sailor after-
wards met the prisoner and asked him what he had done
with his property, but he laughed at him and demanded 15s.
of Hudson, which was refused. A police constable had
since traced a portion of the sailor's goods, and hoped to
give a good account of the remainder and to apprehend an
accomplice of the prisoner. The prisoner treated the case
with great levity, and said if the prisoner had paid him
15s. he would have had his property. He was again re-
manded until Wednesday.
ALL OWING TO THE UNDERGROUND RAILWAY.—Maria
Orgar, a well dressed young woman, who appeared to be
labouring under illness and anxiety, was brought before
Mr. Paget on a charge of being drunk and incapable of
taking care of herself. . .

Dunaway, a police-sergeant, No. 11 H, said that last
night he was in company with Inspector Bendy, of the H
division, and saw the prisoner drunk in Church-lane,
Whitechapel. She was very drunk, and rolled about the
streets. Seeing that the prisoner was well and very ex-
pensively dressed, he and the inspector, fearing that she
would be robbed, took care of her. She was quite un-
manageable, and after taking much trouble with her they
obtained a stretcher, and she was carried to the station-
house by two constables.
The prisoner, who was attired in hat and feathers, a lace
veil of fine texture, a Paisley shawl worth at least four
guineas, and a superb flowered black silk dress, said the
unfortunate condition she was in was all owing to the
underground railway.
The prisoner said she paid a visit with her brother and
his wife yesterday at Paddington, and proceeded there and*
back by the underground railway, which had such an effect
upon her that she became insensible.
Mr. Paget—You were intoxicated ?
The prisoner—Yes, I had one glass of gin, no more
after leaving the underground railway. I will never take'
any more.
Mr. Paget—What are you ?
Prisoner—A policeman's wife.
Mr. Paget—A policeman's wife !
The prisoner—Yes, sir ; he has been twenty years in the
force. Oh, sir, it is all owing to the underground railway
(Laughter.)
Mr. Paget—You are the wife of a man in a respectable
occupation, and you get into this disgraceful position. Go
about your business, and don't come here again.

REPRESENTATION OF WEST NORFOLK.—It is
stated, although the rumour 'must be received with
some reserve, that at the general election the Conservative
party in West Norfolk intend to bring forward the Hon.
Mr. De Grey, son of Lord Walsingham, as a candidate in
opposition to Mr. B. Gurdon, the Whig sitting member for
the division. There is at present a compromise between
the Whig and Conservative leaders, Mr. G. W. P. Ben-
tinck and Mr. B. Gurdon having been returned unopposed
at the dissolutions of 1857 and 1859. For many years both
seats were in the hands of the Conservatives, although in
1847 the Hon. E. Coke was returned in the Whig interest,
backed as he was by the powerful support of his brother,
the Earl of Leicester.

HALIFAX WOOL AND WORSTED MARKET, SATIIR-
DAY.—The hopeful feeling manifested last Saturday
has not been fully sustained to-day. The demand for all
kinds of wool has been feeble, though prices have not given
way. A quiet condition of things must be reported in yarns
also. The new market for the sale of low woollens was
opened this morning in the piece hall. There was a good
attendance of both buyers and sellers, and considerable
animation prevailed. If supported by the numerous mann-
faoturers of Halifax and district the new market cannot
fail to prove a gloom.

At the Devon Sessions, Sir John Bowring brought
before the magistrates the subject of the employ-
ment of convicts on remunerative labour. Prison -
labour, he said, could never be so remunerative as
that resulting from the energies and appliances of
freedom, but he would call attention to statistics of
the good done and profit attained by prison labour.
all of the statistics being of an official character
supplied to him by favour of foreign Governments
or individuals who were amongst the best informed
upon the topics. In France the plan of abso-
lute isolation of prisoners by day was aban-
doned in 1848, and a classified syitem of em-
ployment was introduced. In all the central
and departmental prisons, the areas were
turned into workshops, and with some modifica-
tions the arrangements which had been successfully
carried out in the United States prisons—and in
which the re-committals were not 6 per cent.—were
adopted, and the system gradually extended to the
sale of the productions of the prisoners to contrac-
tors, under the prison regulations. Upon the intro-
duction of the contract system the yearly receipts
from that source derived from the 19 central prisons
was 12,0001. per annum ; in 1862 it was 47,0001.,
and the profit from the whole of that year amounted
to no less a sum than 121,0001. (Applause.) Of
this sum, proportions varying from one tenth to
six tenths were allowed to different classes of pri-
soners—a portion of the sum having been distri-
buted amongst them during their confinement, and
the rest having been allowed to accumulate, was
handedgto them at the time of their liberation. As
far as practicable the convicts were employed at the
trades to which they had been brought up. Saddlers
returned the greatest profit; the next most profit-
able were the shoemakers, then the tailors, basket-
makers, matmakers, and the stone cutters, and
weavers. In a report lately made to the French
Legislature by M. Jules Simon it was stated that
under the beneficent influences of the new system
the number of prisoners had diminished one half,
and that in one of the Departments (that of the
Basses Alpes) the prison had twice been without a
single occupant. (Hear.) He had received from the
Belgian authorities official statistics directly bearing
on the question of productive prison labour, and
which furnished models worthy of imitation. The
tariff of wages allowed to prisoners on work done
in the central prisons showed that the State received
five tenths of the profits from prisoners subjected to
correctional or minor punishments ; six tenths
from soldiers condemned to solitary confinement;
and seven tenths from convicts condemned to hard
labour for long periods. A portion not exceeding
two tenths of the value of their daily labour might
be paid to them weekly, and the balance went to a
fund to be handed to them •on release, so that if
they knew a trade they were put to it ; if not, they
were taught a trade, and no person, therefore, need
not leave a prison without means of support. (Ap-
plause.) As regarded the importance of re-
munerative prison labour a body of commissioners
who reported upon it to the Belgian House of
Representatives expressed a most decided opinion
that it was a powerful and needful agent in
reforming criminals, that it checked re-committals,
and provided against misery, and they quoted ap-
provingly the words of M. Berenger to the French
Chamber of Peers, that " whatever be the character
of the imprisonment to which a criminal is con-
demned labour must be the basis of all moral im-
provement, and its employment a necessity from
which it is impossible to escape." The report stated
that the produce of the labour on an average of three
years was 16,3501., of which more than three-fourths
was work for the army or for the use of the prisons.
The six central prisons of Belgium left a profit
from labour of 20,0001., of which 1,6001. was dis-
tributed in rewards. (Hear, hear.) The maximum
term required for learning the trade of shoemaking
was 12 months, weaving six months, tailoring
three months, (Hear, hear.) In a return to the
Minister of Justice, giving the receipts and
expenditure of the Antwerp prison, in which all the
convicts were employed in manufacturing stuffs for
exportation, it was shown that in 12 years the quan-
tity produced was to the value of 400,0001.—the
greater part of the productions were made of raw
materials, the growth of Belgium, and of which the
native agricultural industry had the benefit ; and
the report prided itself on the fact that the capital of
remote nations had thus contributed to the reform

of Belgian criminals and to the finance of the Bel-
gian state. The return for the period named
exhibited a net profit of 29,4001., being an annual
average of 2,4501, For the last year it had been
3,2401. The number of prisoners was 1,295.
This remarkable document stated that the
improvements introduced into the Antwerp
prison had been of the greatest service to

the linen manufacture of the whole country
leading to new arrangements which had been most
beneficial to the labouring people, and that the re-
putation which the prison manufacturers had ob-
tained in foreign countries had been reflected over
other Belgian producers of the same articles, added
to which every convict before leaving the prison had
acquired the means of maintaining himself respect-
ably and honourably when his term of imprisonment
expired. The learned knight then spoke of the pri-
sons of Switzerland and of Spain, which.gave a pro-
fit per head, and furnished an instance of 2,355 pri-
soners having been taught in a Spanish gaol
to earn a honest livelihood ; forty work-
shops had been erected there without cosi
to the Government by the labour of the
prisoners. An English traveller, Mr. Hoskins,
called the result " a miracle," and inquired why
similar experiments were not carried out in this
country. The want was co-operation on the part
of the Government. Then as to Scotland, the
general report of the managers of Scotch prisons in
1864 showed that there were 2,176 prisoners main-
tained at a cost of 241.65. per head, whose earnings
were 21. 19s. 9d., reducing the net cost to 21/. 6s. 3d.
The evidence given before the Parliamentary Com-
mittee of 1850 was then referred to as having
shown that useful and productive labour had
been pronounced to be " the main element of
any sound reformatory system," an opinion "in
which every writer of consequence concurred."
Milbank Penitentiary and Pentonville were
also cited as illustrations of the advisability
of extending the productive labour system
throughout the gaols of the kingdom. At Milbank,
with 770 prisoners, there was a net annual profit of
3,760/. Some of those who worked at trades gained
an average of is. 7d. per day, while those who picked
only averaged a halfpenny per day in their gains.
Before the Parliamentary Committee a project was
brought up by Mr. C. Pearson, solicitor to the Cor-
poration of London, a man of groat ability and long
practical experience in the field of prison discipline,
recommending agricultural labour as one of the most
efficient means of reform for the criminal. He showed
that 1,000 acres might be made to support 1,000 con-
victs, and to leave a considerable margin of profit.
The general results of European experience were
that convict agricultural labour in the field was on
the whole more profitable than manufacturing. The
farm of the Dartmoor prison, although the year was
an unfavourable one, paid 1,882/. 2s. Bd. to the
general fund. The Bavarian Government had esta-
blished five agricultural and industrial prisons,
whose working was spoken of as most satisfactory,
and as having produced a considerable diminution
of re-committals. (Hear.) The prison of Katch-
vain, Thurgovia, received the vagabonds of most of
•
by the produce of labour, without any State the adjacent Swiss cantons, and paid all its expenses
assist-
ance ; and in the canton
of Friburg, the profits of
labour amounted to 1,200/. from 110 prisoners—
that is 10/. per head, More than nine tenths of
which were produced by labour in the open air.

DUE FROM AMERICA THIS
WIN'ETEAKI.L—TBThEeA3E
followingl steamers are due at Liver-
pool this week with the American and Canadian mails, viz.,
the Kangaroo, North American, and Africa. The two
former steamers were to -leave, the first New York on De-
cember 31, and the second Portland on the same date, and
may be expected, the Kangaroo off Crookhaven or Queens-
town in the course of Wednesday night or Thursday morn-
ing next, and the North American off Greencastle on Wed-
nesday next. On Saturday next the Africa, from Boston
on the 4th January, and Halifax early on the morning of
the 6th, may be expected to reach Crookhaven or Queens-
town.

TWO THOUSAND GUMEAS MED,-
stolon the field (offered)
Bto 1 agst Broomielaw (taken)
10 to 1 agst Zambezi (taken)
12 to 1 agst Chattanooga (taken)
THE DEERE.
sto 1 agst Liddington (offered, 11 to 2 taken)
Bto 1 agst Breadalbane (offered, take 9to 1)
11 to 1 agst Duke (taken)
14 to 1 agst -Chattanooga (offered, take 15 to 1)
25 to 1 agst Broomiclaw (taken freely)
25 to 1 agst Bedminster (taken)
30 to 1 agst Rifle (late Br. to Minie) (taken)
40 to 1 agst Brahma (taken),
40 to 1 agst Arid (taken)
40 to 1 agst Buck (taken and offered)
45 to 1 agst Longdown (wanted)
50 to 1 agst Joker (taken)
5000 to 75 agst Congress (taken)
Broomielaw is in great force for the 2,000 Guineas and
Derby, Breadalbane being also in tremendous demand for
the latter, 8 to 1 being the highest offer at the close.
Chattanooga was backed for £2OO for each event.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE--This Da;,

LONDON BETTING.
TWO THOUSAND.
sto 1 agst Liddington (taken)
Bto 1 agst Broomielaw
10 to 1 agst Zambesi

THE DERBY.
9 to 1 agst Breadalbane
10 to 1 agst The Duke
14 to 1 agst Chattanooga
20 to 1 agst Broomielaw
26 to 1 agst Rifle
40 to 1 agst Longdown
40 to 1 agst The Buck
40 to 1 agst Brahma

The Brompton Oratory.

Agreeably with arrangement, Eliza M'Dermot, accom-
panied by a lady from the institution in which she had been
placed, came to the Westminster Police-court, on Saturday,
in order that Mr. SeHe might, have an opportunity, with
his wife, of ascertaining for himself the circumstances con-
nected with her departure from her home, and her inclina-
tion as to her future disposal. In order to effect this de-
sirable end without the influence of any coercion, Mr. Self
took the young woman and the lady to his private residence
in St. George's-square, where alone with Mr. and Mrs. Selfe
she had a very lengthened interview, at the termination of
which Eliza M'Dermot, having been left by the lady who
had accompanied her, started alone on her return to the
asylum from which she had been brought.
In the afternoon Mrs. M‘Dermot came to the court with
a number of testimonials of character, which, as may bo
remembered, she had been requested to provide herself with
in the early stage of these proceedings, and shortly before
the rising of the court,
Mr. S elle, addressing her, said—l have seen your daughter,
Mrs. M'Dermot. She has been to my house, and, in pre-
sence of my wife and myself, has had a long interview, and
has told her own story. There are, I am sorry to tell
you, certain things in connexion with your daughter which
you do not know, and which I am rather loth to tell you,
and which I think upon consideration I had better not, and
you must be content with what I am going to say to you
respecting her. She says she perfectly well knows what
she is about. She is, I consider, perfectly capable of form-:
ing an opinion for herself, and she says that she went to

this " home" entirely of her own free will, whoever the
original suggestion may have come from. She tells me that
she went there of her own accord, and that she deceived
you, unfortunately, by not telling you ; but it is her own
strong wish, independent of any control or bias from any
one else, that she should remain in the institution where
she has placed herself. Under the circumstances with
which she has made me acquainted, and which I believe, I
think she is better where she is than if she had remained
at home. I think that on the whole she has acted wisely in
adopting this course, excepting that she ought to have ac-
quainted you with her designs, and was wrong iu not doing
so; she ought to have told you, as it appears she has always
been a Catholic, and it would have been well for her had
you given your sanction in the matter, and she is to blame
in that respect. Now I have seen her quietly and privately
with my wife, and without anybody having any influence
over her and she appears to be, and says she is, perfectly
satisfied with her present position and the place where she
now is, and where you will have an opportunity of seeing
her—of course under necessary restrictions—at some time
I think not very far distant. Did you at any time speak t 44
her about going into a reformatory ?
Mrs. M‘Dermot—Never, sir.
Mr. Selfe—She says you did, and she has told her story
with every appearance of truth.
Mrs. M'Dermot—l beg your pardon, sir. I understood
you, whether entering any reformatory in connection with
the Oratory. I did once speak to her. I found that she was
in the habit of going to places of amusement, and I rebuked

her and said to her one day, "I will not allow you to stay
out late at
.night, and to go to theatres and such other
places; if you do I shall havo to send you away somewhere
for a considerable time."
Mr. Selfe—That was what I meant you to answer. She
has informed me that she was in the habit of going about
too much. Father Bowden's story is true in every respect
as far as he has stated—that it was her own act, and no sug-

gestion on his part. I must tell you she had a perfect right
to go if she liked. Nobody has abetted her in this. The mo-
tive is good, and I should advise you to let her remain there
for some time to come. She is in perfectly good hands, and I
will let you know when you can see her, and have an op-
portunity of communicating with her, as I have before said,

under certain restrictions. Leave her undisturbed for a
time ; lam sure after her conversation with me this morn-
ing and what she said it would be better. There is not the
slightest pretence for saying that she has been coerced or
kidnapped into this institution ; she did it with her eyes
open, and did not inform you lest you should interfere to
pervent it.

L:
Mrs. ISPDermot—As I told you the other day, if she had
asked my consent I should not for a moment have with-
held it.
Mr. Selfe—l should advise you to let the matter rest for
a time.

Mrs. M'Dermot—l have brought some letters down as to
my character.
Mr. Selfe—The letters give you a very excellent charac-
ter. There is another point to which I must refer. What
persuasion originally were you ?
Mrs. M'Dermot—l was brought up a Protestant, and
when I married my husband was a Roman Catholic. I was
a Catholic for some time after my marriage, and then I
withdrew from it to my own church again.
Mr. Selfe—Was you ever christened a Catholic ?
Mrs. WDermot—No ; I attended the Oratory.
Mr. Selfe—Did you receive any gifts ?
Mrs. M'Dermot—They put my boy away to a school at

Greenwich for me. When I was ill and kept my bed for
nine months, Father Morris, who is a very good man, was .
exceedingly kind, and visited me from the Oratory, bringing
me things. I have every reason to thank him and respect
him. He sent me bread, meat, and coals while I was ill.
I was then a Catholic, but afterwards returned to my

church. About seven years ago, I think, I first went to
the Oratory.
Mr. Selfe—When did you leave it entirely ? Father

Morris says that while you represented yourself to be s
Catholic you were a Protestant.
Mrs. M'Dermot—l left it about two years ago ; since that
I have been through so forms or ceremonies. When Mr.
Blunt was visiting me Father Morris came and asked why
I did not go to confession, and I told him nothing. I only
said, "No ; I did not go." I did not say I had become a
Protestant. I only said "No" to his inquiry'• I have at-
tended the Oratory within a twelvemonth.
Mr. Selfe—l am quite satisfied with your conduct in this
matter, and I have every reason to believe that your cha-
racter is as you represented it.
that she would see her daughter as soon as it was proper
assuring her
Mrs. MDermot then left the court, Mr Stoelfebeassl
and convenifeennt,suanredtadhevgiVhhader
tteolldethtirahetinahetwtehrorleesttnifotrht:
time, as he
sheand it,aws.its her earnest wish and desire

so :TING INTELLIGENCE—This day.
(BY MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.)

GRAVESEND, Monday Morning.
Arrived, Jan. B—Nicholas, from Rio Grande ; Speedwell,
from
from Valparaiso ; English Rose,
from BBheranbigcella;iLtileecit, from Philadelphia ; Paragon, from
Cadiz ; Anne Randall, from Pugwash ; Catherine, from St.
Michael's ; Georgina, from Palermo ; Corsair, from Mes-
sina ; Reward, Mediton, General Slade, Don Alino, Tartar,
Jubilee, Ann and Emily, Esther, Levina, Flying Fish,
Crocus, and Fear Not, from Guernsey ; Diamond, from
Caen ; Honour, from Havro ; England's Beauty, from
Zante ; Mary, and Gem of the Ocean, from Messina ; Bel-
size, from Mauritius; Rifleman, from St. John's; Serpent
Isles, from Leghorn ; Java, from Akyab ; Nemesis, from
Tuticorin.

Dw, Monday Morning.

Passed—Jarrow, screw steamer, and Clotilda, screw
steamer, for Genoa; Latona, screw steamer, for Cardiff—
all from London.

The Irish People has discovered in the workhouse
of Carlow an old man, named James Lawless, who
fought in the Rebellion of '9B, at the battles of Enniscorthy,
New Ross, Hacketstown, Swords, Trim, and the Boyne, and
passed through all that period with very trifling injuries,
Lawless was born in 1761, and is now therefore, over 103
years old, but is yet in possession of all his faculties. The
announcement of his position has produced a fund for his
maintenance outside the workhouse.

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA,

(From the Times' Correspondent.)

NEW YORK, Dec. 28.
General Hardee having but 15,000 men to defend
Savannah against the attack of 50,000, under Gen.
Sherman, and by a co-operating fleet, crossed over
the Savannah river on the 20th inst. at the only side
on which the city was uninvested, taking with him
his whole force. He destroyed a large quantity of
stores and ammunition—all military stores, in fact,
that could be made available or useful to the enemy,
and on the following day General Sherman took
Possession. Sherman found in the city according to
his own report to Mr. Stanton, no less than 25,000
bales of cotton—or, according to the report of
General Foster, 33,000—all of which, with the city
presented as a " Christmas
of Savannah itself, lie
gift" to the Yankee nation. The Yankee nation,
has received it with shouts of joy and gratitude, and
for the second, if not third time has proclaimed Ge-
neral Sherman the true and only hero of the war,
and the predestined saviour of the nation. The
value of Savannah to the Confederacy was greater
in point of honour and prestige than in solid help to
the cause, and its loss will doubtless be deplored in
the South, and its gain exulted over in the North in
a degree incommensurate with its military impor-
tance. Some of the Northern journals seem to con-
sider the capture of the 25,000 or 33,000 bales of
cotton as of more account than the possession of the
city, and go the length of calculating what it is
worth in gold or greenbacks, and what sum it would
fetch in Liverpool if immediately sent across the
Atlantic to feed the hungry mills of Lancashire.
Possibly (and most probably) the calculation is
utterly idle. The cotton may be worth two millions
sterling, as some of these journals estimate, but it
may be reasonably supposed that Gen. Hardee in
evacuating the city would not have left sucha splen-
did prize to the enemy, and he refrained from de-
stroying the cotton solely because it was the bona
fide property of English or other foreign powers.
This view, of the case, however, has not yet been
publicly suggested in New York, though in private
society the explanation is freely offered to account
for what would otherwise be an unpardonable
neglect or oversight on the part of the Confederate
General.

Almost simultaneously with the news of the cap-
ture of Savannah has arrived that of the commence-
ment of the long-deferred attack upon Wilmington.
Had it not been for a sucession of furious gales of
wind, which delayed the formidable armada, and at
one time threatened to send it back to the place
whence it came, operations would have begun at
least a week earlier. As yet the accounts are all
favourable to the assailants ; but too little has been
done, and of that little too little is known to justify
any auguries of the result. Meantime, however, the
North is well satisfied. The press and the people
are more confident than they were at the capture of
New Orleans, of Vicksburg, and of Atlanta that the
rebellion has received its coup de grace, and is no
longer in a position to offer any effectual resistance
to the triumphant progress of the Federal arms. It
is the old story. Hope springs eternal in the Ameri-
can breast. No disappointments, however fast they
may follow upon the heels of each other, can be-
cloud the bright sunshine of conceit and self-worship
that glows in the heart of the Yankee. His country
is the first in the world, and he is the first man in
it. Knock him down and he will get up again, and
brush the dirt from his knees, not a bit the worse
for the fall. If he do not win this time, he is bound
to win the next. His motto is " Never say die." His
manifest destiny is to go on—prospering and to
prosper—conquering and to conquer. No previous
reverses are sufficient to teach him humility or the
vanity of human wishes; and though the telegraphic
wires have scarcely ceased to pulsate with the news
of Sherman's victory, Young—and perhaps Old—
America has already begun to speculate on the next
move. The imaginative multitude see ten thou-
sand men left to guard Savannah, and Sher-
man, with the remainder of his army, march-
ing to Charleston. They see Charleston in-
vested by land and sea,—and either evacuated or
destroyed. They see Butler and Dahlgren pound-
ing away at Wilmington, and capturing it after short
resistance. They see Farragut despatched again to
Mobile with better luck than before, and, last of all,
they see Grant, reinforced by Sheridan, making the
grand onslaught upon Richmond which is to put an
end to the Confederacy, consign Mr. Jefferson Davis
to death or exile, and restore, never again to be im-
perilled by domestic or foreign enmity, the mighty
Union, thenceforward and for ever to be the ruling
Power in Christendom, and the only power on the
American Continent. But these imaginative sim-
pletons, though their pens are traceable in two-
thirds of the newspapers, and their voices are heard
in every place of public resort, do not wildly repre-
sent public opinion. Cooler heads and better trained
intellects look at the facts for themselves, and, know-
ing something of the character of the Southern
people, do them the justice to believe that they are
not only quite able, but quite willing to confront
much greater reverses than the fall of Savannah.
They incline to believe that in exchanging Atlanta
for Savannah Gen. Sherman has made a brilliant
but an unprofitable bargain ; that with Atlanta he
has given away the whole of Georgia, with the ex-
ception of the rice swamps around Savannah and
the low-lying ground between that city and the sea ;
and that with Savannah he has only acquired as
much land as his own guns and that of his co-ope-
rating fleet can cover. They admit, moreover, that
Sherman's great march has roused the Georgians
from their apathy, made an:end of the peace party
in the State, and converted every Georgian into a
bitter and implacable foe of the North, as bitter as
was ever found in the ravaged homesteads of Vir-
ginia, or the ruined plantations of Mississippi and
Louisiana. There are some, too, who remember
that General Lee declared more than a
year and a half ago that the Atlantic
cities cost the Confederacy far more to guard
and retain than they were worth, and that if
Charleston, Mobile, Savannah, and Wilmington
were either taken or abandoned he would then be
able to show the North what the war really meant,
and of what enterprises the South was capable.
They remember, also, that, dark as the future of
the South may appear at this moment, it has hitherto
been too proud and self-reliant to imitate the ex-
ample of the North, and rely upon the aid of the
negroes to fight their battles ; that if they be re-
duced to extremity for want of men, this resource is
still available to the extent not alone of 100,000
men, but of double or even treble the number ; that
they can offer their sable soldiers who survive the
fight freedom for themselves and families and a
farm of 50 acres • while the North only offers its
black troops their pay, and, if they survive, the
right to starve in the
citizenship. And, enjoyment of liberty without
if the South yieldon the
of all, they remember that
of negroes in its armies
point of the employment
whole question of negreso fait virtually concedes the
pation of the race a mere averY, makes the emanci-
removes from the councils of the Eieu of time, and thus
the main obstacle to the recognition liropean Powers
federacy. of the Con-
n is, in fact, this question recoogiune-ticr
'which at
exultation.
the present moment forms the
in the overflowing cup of Northern") of
gall
The indications that arrive from Europe
mail of a change of opinion, foreshadowing by
of policy in this respect, on the part of the leading
statesmen of the Old World, alarm the Federalists all the foolish Americans, who would ratilsief'r
be citizens or subjects of one great and paramount
Union of Empire—even without the enjoyment of
popular liberty—than allow the Union to resolve
itself into three or four smaller, but truly Demo-
cratic, Republics. The argument that after the 4th
of March next, when he will enter upon his second
term of office, Mr. Lincoln, instead of being as he
is now the legally elected successor of Washington
and the earlier and late President of the Republic,
will be only the President of a section, elected by .a
section, excites considerable uneasiness lest its co-
gency and validity should be seen and adopted by
Europe. Well or ill founded, or destitute of all