The Sun.
London, England, 1865-07-03 00:00:00

SOUTH KENSINGTON, HYDE-PARK,
Queen's, and Rutland Gates, Queen's-gate and Peters-
ham Terraces, Queen's-gate, Cornwall, and Princes Gardens,
Blvaston-place, Cromwell-read, Onslow and Thurloe Squares,
Boltons, &e. Messrs. TON, IS and ROBE itTS have RE
DENC r S to S v..1,L and LET in these and surrounding
localities.—Officeo, 2, Conduit-street, itcgent-street, and
South Kensington, facing the Museum.

This Day.
THE DUBLIN REVIEW, No. IX., New Series.
Contents
Public School Education.
11. The Christian Schools of Alexandria—Origin.
111. The Celtic Language and its Dialects.
IV. Madame Recamiur and her Friends.
V. Rome, Unionism, and Indifferentism.
VI. Proposed Manual of English History.
VII. Dr. Pusey's Lectures on Daniel.
VIII. The Mexican Empire and Canadian Confederation.
IX. Foreign Events of Catholic Interest.
X. Foreign Contemporary Literature.

London : burns, Lanibert a,nd Oates 17, Portman-street,
and 13, Paternoster-row. Dublin : Duffy, Kelly, and all
other booksellers.

THEATRE-ROYAL, EA TR E-R OYA L, HAYINIARKET.
Ler see. Mr. Buckstone.

THIS EVENING, July 3, and during the week (b ing the
last week but one), AIY WIFE'S MOTHER. Messrs.
Chippendale, Howe, Gordon, &c. ; Mesdames Snowden, Hill.
Wright, Sze.
Alter which, BROTHER SAM. Messrs. Sothern, Buck-
toLe, Compton, ; Mesdames z,nowdon, Moore, &e.

To conclude with NO SONG NO SUPPER. Compton,
Chippendale,..Farren, &c. ; Mesdames Moore, Wright, Keeley,
(iz

To commence at 7.

NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, A_DELPHI.-
Sole Proprietor and 31anager, Mr B. Webster.
THIS EVENING, THROUGH FIRE AND WATER.
Messni. J. L. Toole, It. Phillips, Billington, Ashley; Miss
H. Simms, and Mrs. A. Mellon.
After which, at P, SOLON SHINGLE. Solon, Mr. John
E. Owens, supported by Mess s. It. Phillips, Billington,
Btcphenson, Ashley. Eburne ; Mts. H. Lewis, &C.

To conclude with THE TIRISH TIGER. Mess s. C. B.
Stephenson and Eburne ; Mies K. Kelly.

Commence at 7.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining.
THIS EVENING, a new Farce, by Mr. David Fisher,
en titled HEART-STRINGS AND FIDDLE-STRINGS.
After which, A RRAII NA lOGUE : Messrs. Dion Bond-
eault, J. Brougham, H. Vandenholf, D. Fisher, D. Murray ;
Mrs. Boucicault and Miss R. Oliver.
'lo conclude with AN AMPLE APOLOGY.
Commence at 7.

R 0 YAL STRAND THEATRE.
Sole Lessee and Manageress. Mrs. Swanborouvli.

THIS EVENING, at 7, THE BE ITER HALF. Mr.
Parsel►e; Miss Johnstone.

After which, WINDSOR CASTLE. Messrs. Stoyle,
Thorne, James, Fento ; Mesdames Swanborough, Rayn-,
IL,m, Simpson, Ho t, Hughes, Weston, and the Misses
Cunniss.

To conclude with SA3I'S ARRIVAL. Mr. Belford; Miss
Thorne.

TEETII AND PAINLESS DENTISTR Y.-
Messrs. LEWIN and SIMEON MOSELY and SONS,
3u, Berners-street, Oxford-street, and 448, Strad, opposite
Charing-cross Railway Station. Established 1830. Artificial
Teeth made with their patented advantages arc fitted with-
out the least inconvenience, however tender the mouth, sup-
porting and strengthening loose and sensitive teeth until
they become useful in mastication. Their resemblance to
nature is perfect and undetectable, and they are guaranteed
for all purposes of mastication and articulation. Operations
of tvery kind being unnecessary, the most nervous patient
can be supplied wi.hout fear of pain or inconvenience. Con-
sultation tree. Teeth from ss, Sets, 5,7, 10, and 15
;guineas, warranted. For the cffica^y, utility, and success
of this system, vide " Lancet."
Daily attendance at 13, Whitefriargate, Bull ; 10, Norfolk-
street, Sheffield ; 4, East-parac-e, Leeds ; and 14, St. Nicholas-
street, Scarbro'. ..„

*'.* INo connection with any one of the same nsme.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAT.—Morning, 9h. 16m.—Afternoon, 9h. 50m,
To-Ifolutow.-Morning, 10h. 20m.—Afternoon, 10h. 55m.

•.$ $ fra
N
* 41 Pl*
%k
ft4-InAT

LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 3, 1865.

The news brought by the Africa is comparatively
unimportant, although it tells us that the famous
conspiracy trial has advanced as far as the close of
the examination of the witnesses. Mr. REVEIIDY
JOIINSON, the counsel for the defence, has com-
menced his arguments for the defence. He bases
them upon the denial of the jurisdiction of the
Court, and cites the Fifth Amendment to the Con-
stitution, which declares that no one shall be held
to answer for a capital offence unless on the indict-
ment of a grand jury, unless the case arise in the
naval and military services in time of war. How
far this theory will be admitted remains to be seen,
but as there has been too much reason to fear
that the guilt of the prisoners has been
predetermined on all the logic and eloquence of the
orator is likely to profit theM but little. The dis-
turbances in Washington on account of the negroes
still continue, and in a violent encounter between
the whites and the negroes, on June 20th, a soldier
was killed by a brickbat from a negro. The feeling
between the blacks and the soldiers appears to be
very bitter, and what with riots, starvation, and
disease, the negroes, as yet, have found their free-
dom rather a curse than a blessing. It is impossible
not to pity these unhappy people, who seem
to have only exchanged one form of suffering
for another. Riots are not confined to negroes
alone, for a fight has occurred between two regi-
ments of soldiers at Staten Island, in which seve-
ral persons were killed, including the lieutenant-
colonel of one of the regiments. Of course dis-
turbances of various kinds must be expected, but
the worst of it is that the authorities themselves
set an example of arbitrary dominion, and a sub-
jection of law and justice to strength and power,
which is most mischievous. The military tribunal
has not acted in a manner likely to gain much
respect for itself or its Government. Neither th•
aspects of civil nor military life in America jus
now arc very promising to the well-wishers of
the country.

The continual recurrence of alarming accidents
on our railway lines is really enough to make the
least nervous traveller uneasy. When railways
were once fairly established, after getting through
the preliminary opposition which they had to en-
counter, some few more cautious or more timid than
their fellows refused to trust life and limb to their
perilous care. The more hardy and energetic
travellers, delighted to exchange the tedium and
fatigue of the coach for the rapidity and ease of the
cushioned Express, laughed at their fears and pre-
judices. But there really seems at present good reason
for unwillingness to venture on the great steam
highway if life and health are worth any consi-
deration. Mr. MI LNER GIBSON takes other people's
troubles very quietly, and expresses his conviction
that directors and companies do all that can reason-
ably be expected. No one supposes that they wish
to murder or maim their passengers, or, indeed,
that they do not deeply regret the frequent occur-
rence of these sad catastrophes ; but it is quite
evident that a fault lies somewhere, and that
reasonable precautions are not taken. The
two terrible disasters which have first
occurred at Rednal and Staplehurst have com-
pletely thrown into the shade any lesser accidents,
of which there have been a long list lately. Last
Wednesday there was a serious mischance at the
Bruton station of the Great Western Railway,
when a ballast train consisting of 13 trucks and a
brake van ran from the main line into the goods
shed, and thence down a steep embankment into
the turnpike road beneath. The unfortunate fire-
man lost his life, and the other men employed were
slightly injured, but as there were no passengers
there were of course fewer personal injuries.
This morning we learn that on Saturday
night we had a very narrow escape of a
repetition of the Staplehurst accident with all its
horrors on the Great-Eastern line. The down ex-
press train to Norwich was within almost two
miles of that city, when the driver felt the engine
give a violent jerk. He at once gave the signal for
the brakes to be applied, and by his promptness
materially mitigated the danger. The engine or
guard's van left the line for a distance variously
represented at 100 and 200 yards, until it reached
a bridge over a stream. The end of its ad-
♦entures being that the rails were torn up,
one carriage turned over, and others broken
before the train came to a standstill.
Happily no life was lost nor serious injury inflicted,
except the shock, which was not a slight one, but
the passengers had a most imminent escape from a
fearful catastrophe. We hope that these matters
will be very closely looked into, for the rapid increase
of our railway lines demands more care instead of
less caution, and either the rules must be ineffective,
or the men inefficient or overworked, to account for
such a constant succession of disasters. The plea-
sant anticipations of a trip to the continent, or a
visit to a country seat, after the whirl and tumult of
London will be considerably damped if every pas-
senger feels bound to make his will before he starts!
Surely our mechanical science is advanced enough
to secure good workmanship and proper material.

The condition of workhouse infirmaries has long
engaged the attention of the public, and it is im-
portant and interesting to notice what competent
authorities have to say on the subject. The Lancet
commissioners publish the first part of a detailed
report on the infirmaries of workhouses. This is
most interesting to study, and many sceptical per-
sons may change their minds respecting these places.
It is pointed out in this report that many of the in-
firm crowd these houses besides the inmates of the
" sick wards proper." It is, indeed, a lamentable
reflection to dwell upon that these infirmaries are
so often unsuited in their structure, and most fre-
quently unworthy through their management, of
being the receptacles for toil-worn age, stricken
manhood, and afflicted youth. People whose igno-
rance is a disgrace to them, instead of being an ex-
cuse, often cry out that workhouses contain the
refuse of humanity, and are indignant with those
who seek to alleviate the condition of the wretched
inmates. If they reallybecame acquainted with tho
facts of the case, surely the most scornful might
pity, and the most callous be moved. This wretched
class is truly described here as leading a life which
would be like that of a " vegetable," if they had not
sensibility to " pain and mental misery." The
Commissioners very properly invoke " special sym-
pathy" for the infirm, and they furthermore in-
dicate that it would be much better if more
care were taken to provide for their comfort,
nutrition, and possibly their "restoration." The
utilitarians had better look to this view of the sub-
ject, and as is here shown they will effect a saving
in the " rates," which is an important desideratum
to many. If these miserable beings were medically
treated many might undoubtedly recover. This
improvement it is impossible to effect in consequence
of the numbers of patients which are assigned to
each medical officer. The evils that arise from such
a faulty system cannot be exaggerated, and, indeed,
if they were all understood they would amaze and
horrify many. The inspectors divide the work-
houses of London into three classes, which affords a
good insight into the state a the case, 11l th 9

Where, then, is the fault ? Let a stringent inquiry
ascertain without delay.

The Brazilian Government has paid over to Earl
Dundonald the amount of his claim for services rendered
by his late father in the cause of the independence of
Brazil ; but the bills being at four mouths, the earl insisted
upon the payment of the interest. This was considered to
be ratter closs playing for an English. aristocrat.

---
HOUSES.—Messrs. TOPLIS and ROBERTS
first place, there is the class in which the accommo-
have numerous furnished aii,cl, E
ma; urnished TOWN, dation is irremediably bad, and in which the budd-
Subu, bill, and C,untry RESIDENCKS to LI and SELL.
Particulars forwarded for two stamps, upon stating exact re- ings
ought to be altogether abandoned. The second
quirements and rcntal.—Offices, 2, Conduit-street, liegent-
am et, and South Kensington, facing the Museum. is that sort where, with alterations, the buildings

might be preserved for the treatment of disease and
infirmity. The third division is that in which the
buildings are capable of being developed " into
really good hospitals for the treatment of all kinds
of disease." It is a great advantage in the present
most unsatisfactory state of things that this inspec-
tion should have taken place, and as it cannot be too
much felt that some reform is absolutely necessary in
these places, so all that tends to increase our know-
ledge thereof should be duly welcomed.
It is stated here that in all the infirmaries there
are great defects in classification and separation,
which are important items everywhere, but in
unions are indispensable to health and comfort. It
is dreadful to hear that in all cases the ventilation is
imperfect. If one thing is worse than another it is
for poor creatures who cannot get out of these places
to be deprived of a proper supply of fresh air. In
sickness, and in all cases where there is constant
occupation, a far greater amount of ventilation is
necessary than in the ordinary occurrences of life.
Defects in construction render this evil more aggra-
vated, but the matter will be best understood
by mentioning that one-thousand cubic feet
is the least allowance that health requires, but in
these infirmaries little more than five hundred is the
rule, and in some instances there is considerably
less. The " washing arrangements" are very bad,
and should be materially altered. The bedding is
not sufficient to match the size of the beds, and is
often not more than five feet when it ought to be at
least six. One of the greatest defects is in
" nursing," and that is rightly animadverted on in
this report. Pauper nurses are a great evil, and it
is stated here that they " often terrorise the pa-
tients, and are syc )phantic to the officials."
Surely no language can be too strong j
that condemns such a system, and it is impera-
tively necessary that great alterations should take
place in the rules which sanction such anomalies.
The quality of the food is generally good, but the
cooking is often bad, and the " dietaries" are not
suited to the infirm in many cases. The medical
officers are overworked and underpaid, and very
of ten placed in a false position. Epidemic diseases
are not sufficiently prevented, and, notwith-
standing some late improvements in that direction,
much remains to be done. The Inspectors con-
sider that by adopting proper means much might
might be done to relieve the public conscience, and
without burdening the Exchequer in an important
degree. In pursuance of these objects they
recommend that the general system of our volun-
tary public hospitals should be applied to these in-
firmaries as far as can possibly be done, and also
advise a carefully considered measure of concentra-
tion. It is earnestly to be trusted that due heed
will be given to these reports, and that
those in authority will not adopt their usual
mode of turning a deaf ear to all that is said in
consideration of the existing systems. It cannot
any longer be urged in extenuation of these evils
that there is exaggeration ; they have spoken
who do know concerning these ways,
and testified to what they have seen.
A great responsibility rests from henceforth with all
those who have the power to effect changes, but
who neglect their opportunities and abuse their pri-
vileges. The voice of wailing has come from these
abodes of misery ; and not very long back we read
pitiful cases of the treatment which the sick unto
death met with in Infirmary Wards. If the ills
arise from ignorance, enlightenment should take
place ; if from carelessness, more heed should be
given to the important task ; but, in any case, the
general feeling of the community demands a change
for the better, and that without loss of time.