The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-03 00:00:00

THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.

The total visitors to the Exhibition during the
last two days have only amounted to 78,042, of
which 6,980 have been season-ticket holders, and
71,062 by payment or shilling
day tickets. Yester-
terday the attendance was at its lowest ebb in point
of receipts, the money taken at the doors barely
amounting to £1,400. Even the wretched weather
will scarcely account for this falling off. Its ex-
planation may perhaps, however, be found in the
wide-spread belief that the time of closing is still
undecided, or at earliest only likely to take place at
some indefinite period in the middle of winter. Those
who are putting off to the last minute, under this
impression, will find their mistake out when too
late for remedy. Daring only 16 more days will
the building remain open to shilling visitors. In the
subsequent fortnight allowed into November, when
the exhibitors will be permitted to sell their goods,
the tariff for admission will, we believe, in no case
be less than 2s. 6d. Those who wish to see it at a
shilling may depend, therefore, that their only
chance is during the next 16 days.

LAVOISIER.—At yesterday's sitting of the Aca-
demy of Sciences, M. Dumas, in presenting the second
volume of Lavoisier's works, just issued from the press at
the expense and under the auspices of the State, read a
highly interesting and touching notice of the labours of
that great man. Before him, chemists still followed the
theory of Stahl, according to which what we now call com-
bustion, or the absorption of oxygen, caused the evolution
of an imaginary substance which he called phlogiston.
Thus, when a metal, such as tin or lead for instance, was
covered with a pellicle while in a state of fusion, it was said
to have lost a part of its phlogiston, instead of having, as
Lavoisier showed, absorbed a quantity of oxygen. When
Stahl published his theory of phlogiston 'in the 17th cen-
tury, it certainly was an immense step taken in the right
direction ; for had he only imagined an absorption instead
of an evolution, he would infalliblf have discovered oxygen ;
and his theory undoubtedly enabled chemists to give
their science a certain degree of organisation which it
lacked before. But for Lavoisier was reserved the glory
of discovering oxygen and the wonderful theory of com-
bustion. M. Dumas traced the almost romantic history of
this discovery with touching elect. " A few weeks before
his death," he said, " when he was already resigned to the
loss of all his property, but still hoped to save his life, and
was considering what profession he might embrace to pro-
cure his family their daily bread, he protested, in solemnly
bidding adieu to science, against the tendency of the public
to confound the slow propagators of a truth with him who
discovered it." Lavoisier, in fact, was in danger of being
robbed of the honour he deserved. lie had conceived his
system, and nearly completed it, within 1772 and 1777 ; yet
it was only in 1786 that Fourcroy began to teach it ; Cuy-
ton de Morveau adopted it later still, and Beithellet wrote
according to the system of phlogiston as late as 1785. La-
voisier then, just before his death, resolved to publish the
contents of a sealed parcel he had deposited with thehe Aca-
demy of Sciences 20 years before, and on whlisclttof
Nov
been silent until then. It bore the date of th.
1772, and contained the announcementthtett.otrtees
remarked an increase of weight, and b therefore an
had.
t —and that, absorp-
tion, and not a loss, in sulphur when
in other substances, he
con-
ceiving the same might be tbhooruesa,se
had experimented on Ph°b:Ping and found the same ; and
reduced, emitted a quantity
lastly, that litharge,
one of the most astonishing and
the
of air 1,000 times mor°efnvoluatinous than the litharge itself,
Such was never effected in a sedeuce I
fruitful revolutiOring:

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THE SUN.
LONDON, FRIDAY, OCT. 3, 1862.

The ablest perhaps of French periodicals—the
.Revue des Deux Monde:, discusses in its number for
October, with French lucidness, the Roman ques-
tion, and the correspondence more especially which
has just appeared in the Moniteur. The writer of
the article, M. Forcade, terms it a " curious act of
contemporary Italian Comedy," and says it may be
styled " the supreme effort or last formality of im-
potent conciliation." He does the POPE full justice,
he is able to respect his sincerity, and even the
non possurnus of a Sovereign who bases his resolu-
tions on the idea of duty. But the writer's view is
that France should not fail to do also what is her
plain duty. If duty be respectable as. papal motive,
it is equally respectable as an Imperial motive—and
it must be the duty of a powerful Emperor, not
to oppress a weaker people, and compel them to
bow to a yoke they abhor.
The writer has always maintained that there are
but two possible courses—" the unity of Italy, and
an end of the temporal power; or, the POPE sove-
reign at Rome, in virtue of a legitimacy which
denies the rights of peoples." This is, in truth, the
practical summary of the whole difficulty. Every
one knows that the Romans, the first day they were
left to themselves, would vote to join the rest of
Italy. There is no fear that they would maltreat
their Bishop. The Christian sect, of which the
POPE is et the head, is very numerous through-
out Europe, and has followers throughout all the
world, and the Italians, if not oppressed by their
First Bishop, would be proud to have him the
head
of such a host of spiritual subjects. All
they vial,
is to deliver him from a position
equally dishonourable to them and to him, to leave
him his spiritual affairs,
as quite enough for him
to mind, and to u manage their own temporal
matters, by the help of VICTOR EMMANUEL and
their brother Italians.

What stands in the way? A grave mistaks of
the EMPEROR'S. The intelligent writer we have
referred to shows that not only does the EMPEROR
overlook the character of the Papacy, but of the
Italians and their Government also. Were the
POPE even to accept the proposals of the EMPEROR,
the Government of Turin would be obliged to
spurn them. VICTOR EMMANUEL himself would be
compelled, as he himself expressed it, to don the
red shirt. At present the EMPEROR finds his plan
wrecked on the obstinacy of Rome ; could he gain
over Rome, he would then find himself wrecked on
the " obstinacy of the Italians." Neither side would
move from its position. The POPE will not give up,
when he knows that concession could do him no good,
while resistance would at least enable him to hold
on to the last, and to fin ;sh off with the dignity of
an unconquered will; the Italians, for their parts
would certainly never concede the right of their
fellow Italians to govern themselves.
But the EMPEROR has himolf acknowledged the
inconsistency of his position. He is enforcing " a
legitimacy which denies the rights of peoples,"
and that while he ascended the throne of France
by scouting the claims of legitimacy, and appealing
to the ballot-boy. He confesses that, the offspring
of Popular election, he cannot consistently deny the
right of popular election to other countries. He
Stilt, however, or at least did in May last, " clings
to the vain
of reconciling Roman Catholic

At last there is the Amnesty conceded, by the
King of Italy, to GARIBALDI and his companions.
At the eleventh hour, it is true, and when almost
despaired of. Even then—strange to tell—it is
announced to be an Amnesty won from VICTOR
EMMANUEL, in answer to the entreaties of his
two young daughters. As if there could really have
been any need for intercession, in GARIBALDI'S
behalf, with the KING, from anyone whatever !
One might rather have fancied that the King's
own heart and conscience would have been the
Hero's most eloquent and importunate advocates.
Such, however, does not appear to have been in any
way the case. The daughters of the King of ITALY
have had to intercede with that monarch in favour
of the most chivalrous and disinterested champion of
the crown of the King their father, before the prison
door, could be flung open, by order of the latter, to
GARIBALDI and his Garibaldians. Or—is it that
all this delay—like so much more, like, let us say,
the former Proclamation of the Italian Sovereign
declaring GARIBALDI a traitor in the event
of his not abandoning the mad enter-
prise that ended so abruptly and pitiably
at Aspromonte—is it that this last scene in
the last act of the grand Italian serio comic
melodrama is the effect of a mere pretence or make-
believe ? There is room enough for suspicion of
this, in truth, under existing circumstances. For
is it not painfully within the recognition of every
one, that the King of ITALY has decidedly to care
for the keeping of appearances (if for nothing more
cordial and serious than that) with his most for-
midable ally the Emperor of the FRENCH?

That the French EMPEROR has a divided ambi-
tion in regard to Italy, and therefore in regard
to the bearing of his policy upon the councils
of the Italian KING,iB a fact by this time
notorious. Who can doubt it ? We have
been looking on at the demonstration of this fact,
stage by stage, ever since the war of Italian Inde-
dependence, was commenced. The signal for the
commencement of that war was undeniably given
by his Imperial MAJESTY. Perhaps we should
rather say by the terrible hand-grenades thrown
upon the Paris pavements by ORSINI and his ac-
complices with a view eztker to the destruction of
that potentate or to the administration of a very
broad hint to him as to the only path he could follow
Iwith security if he wished to avoid an otherwise in-
evitable death by assassination. The hint was not
given in vain. The path was very soon after-
wards followed. NAPOLEON—carefully arranging
all his warlike plans beforehand—suddenly
' 4 broke " with his hitherto ally and Imperial cousin
the RAISER. At the reception given to the corps
diplornatique more than three years ago, the Thu-
pEßoß was as rude (shall we venture upon the verbal
solecism ?) as he civilly could be to the Austrian
ambassador. It was his Uncle's interview with
Lord WiIITWORTH all over again. But the news
of the rupture which then took place travelled a
little more quickly—than upon the occasion of ,
the former scene of the like kind, in
which the English
1
Austrian ambassador, had been snubbed by
NAPOLEON LE GRAND, i-
nstead of by NAPOLEON LE
PETIT. Before an hour of the clock had sped by after
the reigning EMPEROR
the notable words, uttered by
...-Mr. REUTER'S
to London,
Telegrams had conveyed the
at the Tuileries, had been uttetrieddiogs
to Vienna, to Berlin, to Turin,
and elsewhere
Then came the war itself, of whichtheolssehere
s
were the earliest announcement. Our
chief
morn-
ing contemporary insists to-day that it
uncivil to remark that it was a war undertaken for
selfish objects by the French SOVEREIGN.
But
'would
remain we as dumb as ever the Times could wish
us to remain—all of us courtly allies of the French
Government over here in England—the discourteous
truth has been long since blurted out beyond the
possibility of further concealment. Savoy and Nice
proclaim it upon the new map of Europe, in colours
so glaring in their significance, that the truth we
are now told not to whisper a hint about, is unde-
niable—glares upon the recognition of all Christen-
dom. And not only is it thus by reason of the
transference long since of Nice and Savoy from
Italy
toorFe ranc
e;
glaringly,but it is visibly before us, if possible,
yet more undeniably, in this
dead lock originally caused and persistently kept
up with a view to the effectual obstruction of the
march of events in Italy—cansed and maintained
by the perverse, obstinate, shuffling, and (we must
say it, uncivil though it be to blurt the word out
again in regard to our imperial ally) the selfish policy
of the Government of the French EMPEROR. The

The Messrs. NEILL BROTHERS have always been
amongst the most trusted prophets on the future of
the American war, they having both the amplest '
means of forming as good a judgment as can well
be formed, and every inducement to publish what
they really believe. They now tell us that their
former views of Southern power to resist the North
are more than confirmed—they had always repre-
sented the Southern territory as naturally, on ac-
count of its physical character, not be conquered
by the Federals ; but even they were not prepared
for the South coming forth with military strength
sufficient to drive the invaders from their soil, and
to invade in their turn. They conclude, therefore,
now a fortiori, that the subjugation of the South by
the North must be regarded as a chimera. They
also point out•what an opportunity the North has
lost for ever by not accepting the first secession of
the first seven States :—"Had the United States
let them go, and satisfied themselves with garrison-
ing the Border States, where free labour is already
in the ascendant, they would by the same stroke
have got rid of their only irrepressible difficulty—
slavery, and have secured their preponderance on
the continent; a preponderance which they might
hereafter have used for the advancement of their
free labour system. Satisfaction with the recog-
nition of their independence, fear of the destruc-
tion of their property by blockade, or
by an emancipating policy on the part of the
North, the desire for time to consolidate their new
system and to obtain the recognition of foreign
Powers, and many other reasons, would have bound
the Sontherns to a pacific policy long enough to
enable the North to deal with slavery in the Border
States, where it was already dying out. Thus would
the North have retained over half the lands of the
Union, some three-fourths of its population, and
seven-eighths of its wealtb,comprising all the States
which exhibit in any high degree the commercial,
manufacturing, scientific, or intellectual qualities or
attainments which go to make up a great nation."
Instead of this, the South has been allowed to fight
itself into respectability, to prove her capability of
maintaining her independence, and to leave but one
ground for the refusal of recognition by European
Powers—that of her barbarous system of slavery.
Whether we are to credit the reported conversation
of the Southern Representative at Paris with the
EMPEROR, we may be allowed to doubt ; but
we have no doubt that even LOUIS NAPO-
LEON would dislike exceedingly the recognition
on equal terms of a confederacy of slaveholders.
The EMPEROR also well knows that the feeling on
the subject is so strong in England that he could
hardly expect us to join in a recognition of the
South, unless he had first persuaded them to take
some step towards emancipation. Mr. SLIDELL is
said to have promised to consult his country about
it, which he will certainly do in vain.

Messrs. NEILL can perceive, however, in the
North no thought of conceding the principle of
separation—not even at the time of their worst
reverses. They do not, however, think it im-
probable that the course of events may give pro-
minence in the North to the party who desire peace
on any reasonable terms; but if asked now whether
the policy of peace may not prevail, " Not yet"
must, we fear, be the reply; for, while those men
would never have fought to force union 4t the
cannon's
mouth, they, like all other men not
members of the Peace Society, consider a safe and
desirable frontier,and e
country,
ypossessionwo r t
b fighting o f what.
really belongs to their
Thus the idea, let, of a union of free-Boilers and
shbaorethinolde ofr s
slavery builtaery
upon force ; 2d, of the
li
and conquest of the South
abolition
the
complete slaves against their
by the North
masters;
n 3
yielding up
of all the South demands, will all probably disap-
pearraduaily,
sbyd arming
d, of the
g and the war degecera e t by mutual
consent into a contest for a boundary. When it
reaches that point less passion will be enlisted on
either side, less warlike enthusiasm will be felt by
the Southerners to sustain them amidst their priva-
tions, and a desire for peace may grow up on both
sides that will render it possible for mediators to
render useful offices.
But while the South is deter-
mined to go, and the North is determined that she
shall stay, mediation w ou
Id be a farce, and no solu-
tion seems possible."
• earl hardly be
To this contest for a boundary it -
doubted the struggle must soon come. Each f:411
repel the other from its own soil—neither can do
more. The question, therefore, will be, who hall

The most elegant and brilliant, and, if we may
judge by its repetitions, the most popular of Auber's
operas—" Les Diamans de la Couronne"—was
again performed last evening, in order to
afford Miss Louisa Pyne a re-appearance in her
favourite character, after her recent severe illness.
It is scarcely necessary for us to say that she
received a welcome from the whole house
which was unusually full—that was as fer-
vent and as genuine, as it was prompt
and universal. Apart from all her wonderful en-
dowments as the greatest ornament of our lyric
stage—Miss Pyne has always maintained personal
relations with the public of a kind so honourable
and engaging, as to inspire them with the most
thorough sympathy in her well-being as well as
well-doing. Her loss, therefore, even for a week
or two, is not only a great musical privation,
but a source of genuine anxiety to thou-
sands of her supporters, the depth of which was
tolerably measured by the demonstrations of
last night. Though evidently not wholly re-
covered from the recent painful attack, there
was an inspiration in her welcome which
almost enabled her to resume the romantic
and attractive Catarina, with all her old power
and success. Upon the merits of a performance
which is so well known, and which has so long
identified her upon our stage with the adventurous
and delightful heroine, whom only a Scribe
could have imagined, and only an Auber
could illustrate —we can have no occa-
sion to enlarge. Suffice it that she acted with
all that mixture of ease and dignity, and of
refined and tender pleasantry, which has so long
been her distinction—whilst her singing was
equally remarkable for that union of melo-
diousness and brilliancy which make her von'
triumphs just as unique as her dramatic. In mere
executant marvellousness Miss Pyne has no
equal with us, and only one rival else-
where—in the admirable Patti—but in that
union she displays of tha most extraordinary
facility with the utmost luxury of sound, she
stands wholly alone on the lyric stage of Europe.
All her best efforts last evening were in sus-
tainment of this praise. The opening cave-
tin a of the first act—the brilliant air
with chorus that follows the singing
lesson of the second, and the exquisite rondo which
succeeded—were all unabated instances of that
mingled and distinctive power which is as honour-
able to her own fame as it is delightful to her
hearers. Mr. Harrison was of course the eccen-
tric hero of the opera, and sustained it with
that easy humour, at once so comie and so gen-
tlemanly, which makes his acting so acceptable.
With little room in it for vocal display, what was
afforded him he executed with his usual taste and
spirit Mr. Corri was the Rebolledo, and
a more expansive and imposing coiner it
would be difficult to meet. Mr. St. Albyn, the
young Captain, and Miss Susan Pyne, the fair
Diana. For the band and chorus, and Mr.
Mellon, we have only our old acknowledgments.
The opera was so warmly received throughout that
we should suppose it would be repeated.

The Archduchess Immaculate!, wife of the Grand
Duke Charles of Tuscany, has been safely delivered of a
daughter at his seat of Brandeis, in Bohemia.

SYMPATHY FOR GARIBALDI.—The Right Hon.
the Lord Mayor has consented to grant the use of the
Guildhall, in compliance with a requisition signed by up-
wards of 1,000 citizens, for a public meeting on behalf of
the gallant captive of Spezzia.

AiR. COBDEN AT INVERNESS.—The distinguished
corn-law repealer paid a visit to Inverness last week, ac-
companied by his wife and daughter, The party arrived
here on Wednesday, and intended to take up their quarters
at the Station Hotel; but the place being crammed with
visitors, Mr. Marshall procured comfortable lodgings for
them in the house of Mr. Jack, shoemaker, who paid them
every attention, and who is naturally very proud of the
honour of entertaining such visitors. They left here by
the steamer on Friday morning, on a visit to Mr. Ellice's
hospitable mansion of Glenquoich.—lnverness Advertiser.
ST. THOMAS'S IiGSPITAL.IOO the 15th" inst. the
new hospital of St. Thomas was opened for the reception of
patients at Surrey-gardens. The rapid and complete con-
version and adaptation of the old buildings to their new and
beneficent uses is one of the many surprising illustrations
of the power of modern organization and skill. The main
building is replete with every contrivance for the conve-
nience and cure of the sick,while the most efficient arrange-
ments have been made for the school,with its appurtenances,
in the shape of museums, libraries, and dissecting rooms,
in detached buildings on the grounds. The gardens, ex-
tending over more than 12 acres, have been carefully re-
stored, and will present a feature novel among metropolitan
hospitals. The student will here, in modern academic
groves, pursue his duties in a little oasis of quiet and beauty,
including every appliance for health, comfort, and relaxa-
tion, situate in the centre of an enormous population, such
as can alone require a large hospital, and supply the ele-
ments of medical, surgical, and obstetrical education. The
patients themselves will enjoy the advantages of free air,
repose, pleasant prospects, and exercise to an extent un-
known in other London hospitals. The situation and
capabilities of the place are felt to be so excellent that the
eccentric idea of building a new St. Thomas's in some dis-
tant rural spot must be abandoned.—Lancet.

The commercial accounts from the River Plate
yesterday afternoon were satisfactory. At Buenos Ayres
the passing of the measure tending to establish that city
as the capital of the Republic had created a great increase
of confidence both politically and commercially. The bill
has yet to be adopted by the Provincial Chambers, but the
Congressional vote was considered to be sufficiently strong
to render any local opposition useless. The present packet
brings £lO,OOO on account of Buenos Ayrean bonds. The
San Fernando Railway Company were making progress,
but no further steps had been taken with regard to the pro-
jected Cordoba line. A company has been formed under
respectable auspices to work the recently discovered silver
mines in the province of San Juan. The question of cot-
ton cultivation continued to receive attention, and, with the
revival of business, an increase of immigration was looked
for. The arrivals this year to the 31st August had been
12,000. From Montevideo the dates are to the 28th August.
Business was improving, and an active demand was ex-
pected to arise as soon as the roads were in condition to
admit of free communication. Staple cotton goods had ex-
perienced a rise of between 15 and 20 per cent. within the
last few weeks.

DIABOLICAL ATTEMPT TO OVERTURN A PAS-
SENGER TRAIN.-At half-past 9 o'clock on Tuesday even-
ing an attempt was made to upset a passenger train on the
East Lancashire Railway, as it was proceeding from Pres-
ton to Accrington. The train consisted of an engine and
two carriages, and contained about 20 passengers. As it
passed down the incline beneath the far-famed Houghton
Tower, and was approaching a viaduct over a stream called
the Derwen, the forewheels of the engine came upon some-
thing which caused the engine to jerk, but as it came to the
driving wheel it was dragged forward a few yards, and
then cut into two pieces. This was immediately followed
by the train running off the line. The train tore along for
upwards of 50 yards, but at length it was brought to a
stand just as it had crossed the viaduct. The passengers
were much alarmed, and as the train came upon the via-
duct many believed that they could scarcely escape
death. The obstruction was found to be a railway bar, 16
feet long, which had been placed act oss the line.
LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. —Among the other
works announced for early publication, by Messrs. llurst
and Blackett, are the English translation of "Les Miser-
ables," by Victor Hugo, complete in 3 volumes ; "English
Women of Letters," by Miss Kavanagh ; a now edition of
Mrs. Oliphant's "Life of Edward Irving;" "Greece and
the Greeks," by Miss Bremer, translated by Mary
Howitt; a new edition of " Female Life in Prison," by a
Prison Matron ; and 6i Slaves of the Ring ; or, Before and
After," by the author of " Grandrnothet's Money," &c.
Importing Tea without colour on the leaf pre.
I yenta the Chinese passing off inferior leaves as in the
usual kinds. Horniman's Tea is uncoloured, therefore,
always good alike. Sold in packets by 2,280 Agents,

" Such a resolution, if agreed to by the Chamber,
in however definite and distinct a form it might be
voted, would nevertheless be invalid so long as it
had not received legal force by the concurrence of
the two other members of constitutional govern-
ment. Votes of the Chamber of Deputies in
reference to the budget negativing supplies only
obtain practical importance when the budget,
amended by these negative votes, has passed into
law. This can only take place by the concurrence
of the three constitutional members of the Govern-
ment of the country.

ITALY.

The Turin journal at last announces the amnesty
as decided. The Nationalites makes the following
remarks on the subject :
" The presence of the Princess Clotilde, in 1859
the link of union between Frapce and Italy, as
well as the marriage of the Queen of Portugal,

have furnished the two sisters with an opportunrty
which they eagerly seized on to solicit the merciful
exercise of the Royal prerogative. Italy will cherish
a grateful remembrance of their intervention."
A letter from Lucca, in the Opimone of Turin,
says:

"We have a revolution here; but it is neither
on account of Garibaldi nor of Mazzini : quite the
contrary. It is because the Minister of Public In-
struction has ventured to appoint a Protestant
lady, Mrs. Burbidge, to a professorship in the
Normal school for females at Luca. She had been
teaching for two years in the Normal School at
Bologna, where bbe was held in the highest esteem.
But Lucca could not brook the idea of allowing

history and geography to be taught by a Pro-
testant. All the priests and fanatics set to work,
and got up such an agitation, that the prefect had
to dispatch a councillor in all haste to Turin to in-
form the minister that he could not answer for the
public peace unless Mrs. Burbidge were removed;
and, to crown all, the Gonfaloniere, M. Sinbaldi,

who is also a deputy, has written to the Minister,
threatening to resign if the obnoxious appointment
be maintained. What will the Minister do r' _

A communication from Naples, of the 28th ult.,
in the Debttts, says :—" The conscription law will
be carried into execution in November, and the
levy will be 95,000 men. The commissioners ap-
pointed for this operation have all arrived here,
and by the 15th of October will be duly installed
in their posts. This is the first time that the con-
scription will take place under the provisions of
the Italian law. The levy of sailors which is being
everywhere made has just occasioned some slight
disturbance. On the evening of the 24th some
maritime conscripts who had assembled in the
church of Termoli, a small town in the province of
Molisa, on the Adriatic, refused to leave, under
pretext that St. Basso, the protector of Termoli,
had performed a miracle which dispensed them i
from obeying the agents of the conscription. A
tumultuous crowd invaded the church, and the

tocsin was sounded. The bersaglieri were de-
sirous of showing St. Basso that they could in
their turn perform a miracle, so they penetrated
into the church, laid hold of the revolted con-
scripts, and arrested the cure and one of his
aosistants. The town was then quickly restored
to its usual tranquillity, On the Ist October the
now Municipal Guard of Naples will enter on its
functions, and the same day the new regulations
of the Urban police will come into operation.
There has been, during the last two years, such
a development given to business in Naples, that
no able bodied individuals can now be found who
will content themselves with gaining 50f. or 60f.
a month. The city has therefore found great
difficulty in getting together 148 'Municipal
Guards out of the 240 who are required, as
they have only 50f. a month. The municipal
administration is also at a loss how to complete
the voluntary enrolment of its Custom-house
Guards, although 601. a month are offered.
I have several times called your attention to the im-
provement in the condition of the lower classes in
Naples since the Revolution, and every day gives
fresh proofs of the fact. The population of the city
has increased ; the price of manual labour has risen,
and rents have also advanced very considerably.
The movement in the port has more than doubled ;
the receipts of the Custom-house, which had fallen
off about 65 per cent., has now almost attain el
what it was before the Revolution, thus showing a

The Grand Duke Constantine has been heard to
say he regretted having yielded to the advice of
counsellors in dealing so cavalierly with Count
Zamoyski. "On reflection," he said, " the
Count acted on his conviction as an upright man,
however opposed may be his views to those of the
Government." Count Andre Zamoyski, since his
arrival in St. Petersburg, has been an object of par-
ticular attention on the part of the highest person-
ages in the capital. Numbers have called on him
to pay their respect to him, for he is a man that one
cannot help esteeming. Perhaps it may yet happen
that the Count's visit to St. Petersburg, and his
being placed face to face with the Emperor, will
open the eyes of the latter, and induce him to re-
verse the policy now pursued towards Poland. On•
thing is certain, that Count Zamoyski is not a man
to shrink from performing the duty of a patriot,
even in presence of an Autocrat of all the Russias ;
and if the Czar is prepared to know the real feel-
ings of the Poles, they will be truly and boldly re-
presented to him by this distinguished Pole.
Some time ago the official journal published an
order from the authorities, forbidding the Polish
papers from writing any article on foreign topics ;
but to exclusively occupy themselves with the mea-
sures concerning the internal administration of the
country. A reproach has been made to them for
giving preference to foreign instead of domestic
affairs, and it is with the apparent view to benefit
the public at large, that this coercive measure has
been put in force. Comments on such an arbitrary
act, affecting the liberty of the press, must be left
to the free and independent journals of France and
England.