The Sun.
London, England, 1862-11-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 14, 18623

PUBLICATIONS.

Second Edition, NoWltericly, Complete in 3 vols., 31s. ed.,
LES MISERABLES. By VICTOR HUGO.
Authorised English Translation.
" The merits of 'Les Miserables ' do not merely consist in
the conception of it as a e hole t it abounds page after page
with details of unequalled beauty."—Quarterly Review.

" Having carefully ex 'mined Mr. Wraxall's translation of
this celebrated novel, we cull conscientiously recommend
it as a perfectly faithful version.."—Examiner.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

This day, Demy Bvo., 155..
A N HISTORICAL SURVEY of the ASTRO-
NOMY of the ANCIENTS. By Sir GEORGE CORNE-
WALL LEWIS, Bart., ➢i.P.

rat Strand.
London : Parker, Son, and Bourn.

Two Volumes, Octavo, 30a,,
AN INQUIRY INTO THE entbIBILITY
OF THE EARLY ROMAN HISTORY. By the
Right Hon. Sir G. C,ISRAtIVALL LEWIS, Bart., M.P.
London 1 Parker, eon, and Bourn, West Strand,

Octavo, 10s. 61.,
ON THE INFLUENCE OP AUTHORITY
IN IVIATTRRS OP OPINION. By the Right Hon.
Sir G CORN EWALL LEWIS, hart.,
London : Parker, Son. and Bourn, West Strand.

Vo toitimes, Octavo, 285.,
nN THE METHODS OF OBSERVATION
V., AND REASONING IN POLITICS. By the Right
Lion. Sir G. CORNEWALL LEWIS, Bart., M.P.

By the same Author,

N FORRIGN JURISDICTION AND THE
O EXTRADITION OF CRIMINALS. Octavo. 2s. 6d.
London : Parker, Son, and Bourn, West Strand.

Octavo. Price 16s. The Fourth Volume, completing the
Work, of
►HE SPANISH CONQUEST in AMERICA,
1- and its RELATION to the HISTORY of SLAVERY,
and to the GOVERNMENT of COLONIES.

By ARTHUR HELPS.
Vols. I. and IL, 285.. Vol. 111., 16s.
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By the Author of " Friends in Council."

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OULITA, THE SERF. A Tragedy. 6s.
London : Parker, Son, and Bourn, West Strand.

la WALKER'S New NEEDLES.—The Patent
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n S TEO
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UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

OXFORD, Nov. 13.

In a Convocation held this day at 2 o'clock, the appoint-
ment of the Examiners, whose names have been already
published, was approved. The Proctor was allowed to re-
ceive the names of two gentlemen as candidates for exami-
nation in the Final Schools, who had allowed the statutable
time for giving in their names to pass.
In a Convocation to be holden on Thursday, the 20th
inst., at 2 o'clock, an election of eight members of Convoca-
tion will take place (vide Tit. VII. (X.), 11., De. Delegatis
ad negotia intra Universitatem, new edition, p. 151), to
form two-thirds of a Delegacy, to be appointed for the pur •
pose of deliberating on the best manner of laying out the
parks and the grounds adjoining of which the University
will be in possession at Michaelmas next, with a view to
turn the whole land to advantage for purposes of ornament,
recreation, and use; to obtain plans and estimates for the
same, and to report thereon. (Every member of Convoca-
tion may vote for eight persons, and it is requested that each
voter will insert the names of thosa for whom he votes on
one paper.
In the same Convocation it will be proposed that, in ac-
cordance with a recommendation of the Delegates of Estates,
the Vice-Chancellor be empowered to purchase, for the sum
of £4BO, on behalf of the University, a small property situ-
ated near the New Corn Exchange, and now belonging to
Brasenose College. (A plan of the property may be seen in
the Justice-room on the day previous.)
In the same convocation it will be proposed that the sum
of £lOO from the University chest be granted towards the
building of the church of St. Philip and St. James in the
I parish of St. Giles, Oxford.

CAMBRIDGE, Nov. 13.
At a congregation held at 12 o'clock to-day the following
degrees were conferred :

MASTERS OF ARTS.
Rowley Hill, Trinit. I Charles Knight, Cain
.%
Joseph Richards Trinity. I Francis Vidal, Caius.
Chas, Russell Cooke, Clare. I

MASTER OF LAWS.
Augustus Pattison, Christ's.
BACHELOR OF ARTS.
Thomas Oldmeadow Price, St. John's,

The N • •orman
PNroofehstrarrA:f
DivinityznEtt.y
and early observance of the Lord's Supperhcaosnsgiidveerned
that a prize of the value £6O will be given to the writer
of the essay on the followingof
sealed letter containing
ItoAhthetelineatemeentOf"
subject :—" The institution
evidence of the historical notice
that
truth of the Gospel narrative and
of the doctrine of the t The essay, with a
of the
Masterpreceding
nf
ea i
ut I,is, ec
College.
engdea. y inA
prize, who are the Master ofe Trinity
sent, on or before the 10th
the three adjudicators of the
the College,
b e i s
Provostto h
Passion Week .1863, to one
The
vtehe
the dayessay
of King's College, and the
candidate for the prize must graduate of the Univer-
sity of Cambridge, and of not moar
from admission to his first degreee than
13
years'
whenha standing
been
th e
essays are required to be sent in.
given to the successful candidate untilon prize will not be
printed and published, nor will it be at all unless the
essay be published within 12 monthsgafteur the adjudication.
Any opinion advanced in the essay of any candidate for
this prize contrary (in the estimation of the judges) to those
Articles of the Church of England whichrelateol to our Sa-
viour's divinity and the personality of the H
to disqualify such candidate. The unsuccessfuly Spirit, is
essays will
not be returned to their authors.
Candidates for the Moral Sciences Tripes are
to send their names to the Rev. J. Fuller, Emu:ta requested 1
Col-
lege,
OD: or before Friday,'Nov. 21.

7.1-1 E ARMY.

C. 8., K.H., which took
We have to record the death of Col. Geo. Wil-
kins,at Southampton. The deceased entered the army at
the close of the last centurv, and served ie Ireland
place a few days ago
during the rebel:ion of 1798, being Wounded at New
Ross. In 18.01 he proceeded to Madeira, and after-
wards to the West Indies. In 1801 he joine) the 95th
Regiment, and embarked on the Scheldt expedition.
In the following year lie.commautled a deitachment
of the regittler t in the d efence of Cadiz,and a battalion
in 1812 at the battle of Salamanca. He wss also pre-
sent and'aetteely etigagedlei several other impoi tent
actinn3 in the Peninsula. He served in the cam-
paign of 1815, and was in command of the 2d bat-
talion of the Rifle Brigade at the battle ofWaterloo,
where he was severely wounded. In 1817 he joined
the army of occupation in France, bat, in conse-
quence of his wounds was obliged to return to Eng-
land. In recognition of his distinguished military
career, the deceased had been created a Companion
of the Order of the Bath, a Knight of the Hano-
verian Guelphic Order, and for his services at Sala-
manca had received the gold medal, and the silver
war medal, with two clasps, for Vittoria and the
Pyrenees.

fitting, in dry dock at Chatham, received her sails
on botird yesterday, her armament having been
shipped the previous day. She is to be in readiness
to be floated out of ddck by the next spring tides.
The following appointments and removals in the
shipwright departments of her Majesty's dockyards
have been made by the Admiralty :--Mr. Moody,
master shipwright, from Deptford to Sheerness ;
Mr. Ladd, assist.. tnastershipwright at Portsmouth,
to be. master shipwright at Deptford, vice Moody ;
to P
Mr.WoootsmassoiBatt' Taster, shipwright, from Sheer-
ness h, vice Ladd ; Mr. Brain, acting
assist.; from Portsmouth to Sheerness, vice Woods;
Mr. Loney, of Portsmouth- yard, to be acting fore-
man of shipwrights, vice Brain.

IMPO.R7AN7 EXPERIMENTS AT SHOE-
BURYIVESS.

Another of those great artillery experiments
which, up to the present at least, seem to be fruit-

fill only in astonishing results, and in upsetting pre-
vious theories and even experience, was made

yesterday at Shoeburyness, in the presence of an
unusually large and distinguished assemblage of
public officials, artillerists, and scientific men. The
experiments were to ascertain the results of the

mate trials of Mr. Whitworth's guns against
ron targets. We say " the ultimate trials" not at

all in the belief that they will be by any means the
last or only trials of the kind, but as expressing the

general opinion reit yearcrvb.y uponthezmund that
if all in the programme was satisfactorily performed,
then Mr. Whitworth's guns would have done the

very utmost which is at present deemed possible to
effect with any klown ordnance and much more
than it was ever before believed possible to accom,

plish only a few weeks ago. - - -
In order that the result of this day's proceedings
may be clearly understood, it is necessary to explain
that the targets, which are built to the same strength
as the broadsides of the armour frigates, have

hitherto never been pierced, except on the recent
trials with Mr. Whitworth's guns and flat-headed
projectiles. A long-continued concentrated fire of
Armstrong guns or the more damaging solid shot
thrown by the old smooth-bore 68-pounders have
bent and broken plates, but have never gone through
them, or even done such mischief as would in any

way seriously affect the strength or safety of a sea-
going frigate. On his first recent trial Mr. Whit-
worth, to the astonishment of every one, succeeded
in sending his flat-fronted shot completely through
one of these targets at 200 yards' range. His second
trial,which must be in the recollection of our readers,

about six weeks ago was made with a 120-pounder,
which had been manufactured at Woolwich, after

,he plan used by Sir Wm. Armstrong—a series of

iron coils welded together and shrunk on, one over
the other. With this piece rifled on the Whitworth

principle, but loading at the muzzle, not only was
a solid shot sent through a Warrior target at 400
yards, but a shell also, which burst inside the
armour plate, and lit the solid timber framework
of the backing. This penetration of the shell was
considered, and justly considered, to be the most
wonderful success of all. The great primary ob-
ject of all armour-plating is to keep out shells. A
solid shot coming in between decks is bad enough,
it is almost harmless when compared with the effect
which large shell, as now made, ought to produce
among men crowded in groups round their heavy
guns. , So universally is this fact acknowledged
that many foreign Powers, among others the Federal
Government, have a very considerable number of
their gunboats plated with only sufficient armour
"(21 inches) to keep out shell, leaving solid shot to
do their worst. Our own, Government, however,
wisely attempted the utmost limit of defensive
power, and coated their frigates with 4-t- inches of
solid iron—enough, as it was thought, and as for a
long time it certainly proved to be, to keep out not
only shell, but every form and weight of solid shot
that artillery, whether rifled or 8m: oth-bore, could
hurl against it. It was, this fancied security which
the Whitworth trials so completely overturned,
and shot and shell alike were sent through armour-
plates and teak backing, and this too at 400 yards.
This was, of course, an immense success, though
not an unqualified one. To make the shell as solid
as possible Mr. Whitworth did not leave enough
room for his bursting charge, so that the additional
mischief caused by the explosion of the missile was
not of much account. Artillerists also wished, be-
fore admitting the enormous powers of the gun, to
try its penetration against the iron targets at 1,000
yards—a range of such length as would set thiS
merit of the ordnance beyond all possibility of doubt
or question if it was able at that distance to pene-

trate its mark. The trials of yesterday then were
to set at rest these two important questions—first
to show if without diminishing the penetrating force
of the shell it could be made to contain so much
powder as to make its explosion terrible; secondly,
if at a much longer range the gun with solid slot
could do as much mischief as it had done at 400
yards. The 70-pounder was also to be tried at 600
yards against the target.

The target used on the last occasion was, it was
stated at the time, not of the same strength in
point of quality of material as the old Warrior tar-
get which stood so much battering. The iron was
comparatively inferior, and remarkably hard and
brittle. These defects, however, the supporters of
Mr. Whitworth's gun claim as so many additional
difficulties overcome, inasmuch as the hardened fiat
projectiles which cut their path easily through
soft iron are liable to be broken on their way
through a material somewhat similar in
hardness to their own. The target fired at yester-
day was an entirely new one, about 10 feet high by
some 14 or 15 feet broad. It was composed of three
solid iron 'armour- plates, without break or porthole
in any of them, and fastened to the timber backing
with two-inch bolts let in at the edges, so as not to
have the same source of weakness as has been here-
tofore occasioned by taking them through the centre
of the plates. The two lower plates were five inches
thick (within half an inch of the thickness of the
plates with which the new iron frigates now building
are to be coated) and the upper plate was 4f inches,
the thickness of the Warrior's armour. There was
a very general impression, however, that if the
upper plate was 41in., the Governmert had given
very good meesure in their thickness of the lower
plates, which were nearer 54in. than 5. The plates
were made at the Government dockyard, and were
perfect as regards material. These plates were lined
with a teak backing of transverse timbers of 12in.
and 6in. thick respectively and an inner skin of
wrought-iron plate tths of an inch thick. The
sides and top were also enclosed, so as to make
what is termed a box target, like the between decks
of a ship, in order that the explosive effects of the
shell if it got inside, might be fully seen.
The 70-pounder was placed at a distance of 600
yards ; the 120-pounder at 800. The latter it was
wished to fix at 1,000 yards, but this would have
3
required the gun to be placed in proximity sup-
posed to be dangerous to the clergyman's
house.he se
we have stated, great interest was excited 6
of
trials, and soon after 10 o'clock the
Duke of
d Somerthe
set'
Iron-plate Committee, with the I
uAdiniral Grey,
these
Lord de Grey, Admiral Frederick,number the I and
Institute
he
the w
Admiral Drummond, a large
military officers, nearly hole of t
, of Civil engineers, and a
they arewere
called,
builders and " iron men," as
upon the ground. with the 120-poun-
chief iron ship-
The experiments were d in trial shots
an hou properly for
lay the gun
target L" was one of unclouded
at a wooden
the day
der, and nearly
Thiel as equal in warmth and more
range.
A almost
r wbaes lgeluxi:pheen d e
brightness, to our finest samples of
than equal in
seemed unaccountable ill luck, and
beauty an—.
spring weather;
conjectures as to What the Warrior
would be doing with her guns
steaming
battery was trying to hit her. At last
while such a
led to ourlio4uksno 8
and a little before one o'clock the
all was ready,