The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-06 00:00:00

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THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6, 1862

THE WAR IN AMERICA.

for allowing the British steamer Ovieto to escape
the blockade at Mobile. His friends deny the right
of the Secretary of the Navy to cashier an officer
without a trial, and demand a court-martial. The
public sentiment and naval and military men sup-
port the demand.

chants make their profits on, and what supports
vast masses of manufacturing labour in the
North. The President's proclamation is twofold
—l. The destruction of all the slave system of
labour, South. 2. The deportation of that labour
to some foreign country. Commercial men, naturally
enough, see in these propositions destruction to
ships and shipping—Northern cotton and tobacco
manufactories, the profits of the interchange of
Northern manufactures for Southern negro labour
—commissions, freights, labour, foreign exchange,
&c. Hence there is great inquiry among commer-
cial men-Ist, What interest has commerce in pro•
secuting a war upon such destructive and revolu-
tionary principles , and 2d, if the Southern States
are to be black, negro States, is a " Union" with
such States worth fighting for on commercial prin-
ciples ? What is most profitable to us, a Hayti or
a Louisiana ? Besides, business men, banking men,
commercial men, now see that the war, prosecuted
upon such principles, must be prolonged indefini-
tively, and at greater expense. A war, to subjugate
8,000,000 of white people to an equality with
4,000,000 of negroes, it is reasoned, involves so
much passion, energy, and furor, that it must last
for years and years. Hence real estate owners and
holders of bonds and mortgages, who are with diffi-
culty realising the interest upon mortgages, bankers,
&0., begin to ask-Ist, 'What is to be the value of
real estate, especially in New York, if a war is to
be conducted on such revolutionary principles ?
2d, What rents are to be realised from stores, &c.,
it about one-half of the productive property of the
country is to be destroyed—of which New York
city is the representative centre ? 3d, What is
the currency to be during this indefinite war ?
what but paper, paper such as we now see in
Rebeldom, with' their " Confederate Treasury
notes," expanding the prices of everything, 'but
in reality worth little or nothing ? The paper
money system of Mr. Chase, founded upon little
or nothing, was working well, upon the presump-
tion that, under a Constitutional anti-Radical
policy, not only the Union was to be re-
stored, but the commerce and free trade of
the whole Union ; while here is presented to us
war, for the destruction of the labour system South,
and a trade, if trade is restored, only with negroes,
such as are in a Hayti—not such as we have in
Cuba, or had with the old slave labour systems of
the South. Hence, as the war is now to be prolonged
indefinitely—and for purposes very revolutionary
and very destructive to all trade and commerce—
what is to be our currency, founded upon such bases
and for such purposes ? What but inflation, years
after years, endless inflation—with aggravated
prices to all consumers ?

We are enabled to lay before our readers the fol-
lowing very interesting intelligence from 'America,
in anticipation of the mail from Queenstown. The
most important document brought by this arrival
is the text of President Lincoln's proclamation in
reference to slavery :
"BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA.
" PROCLAMATION.

" General Braxton Bragg, in command of a Con-
federate army of 30,000 men in Kentucky, has
avoided a battle with General Buell, and marched
upon Louisville. He has demanded the surrender
of that city. Gen. Nelson, the Federal commander,
has refused, and notified all the women, children,
and non-combatants, to depart, as he intends to
defend his post to the last extremity. It is not
believed he can offer effectual resistance.

" WASHINGTON, SEPT. 22.

"I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United
States of America, and Commander-in-Chief of the
Army and Navy thereof, do hereby proclaim and
declare that hereafter, as heretofore, the war will
be prosecuted for the object of practically restoring
the constitutional relations between the United
States and the people thereof, in which States that
relation is or may be suspended or disturbed, that
it is my purpose, upon the next meeting of Congress
to again recommend the adoption of a practical
measure tendering pecuniary aid to the free accept-
ance or rejection of all the Slave States, so called,
the people whereof may not then be in rebellion
against the United States, and which States may then
have voluntarily adopted, or thereafter may volun-
tarily adopt, the immediate or gradual abolishment
of slavery within their respective limits; and
that the efforts to colonise persons of African
descent, with their consent, upon the continent or
elsewhere, with the previously obtained consent of
the Governments existing there will be continued;
that on the Ist day of January, in the year of our
Lord 18.63, all persons held as slaves within any
State, or any designated part of a State, the people
whereof shall then be in rebellion against the
United States, shall be then thenceforward and
for ever free; and the Executive Government of
the United States, including the military and naval
authority thereof, will recognise and maintain the
freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts
to repress such persons, or make any of them in
any efforts they may make for their actual freedom ;
that the Executive will, on the Ist day of January
aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and
parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof
respectively shall then be in rebellion against the
United States ; and that the fact that any State, or
the people thereof, shall on that day be in good
faith represented in the Congress of the United
States by members chosen thereto at elections
wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such
States shall have participated shall, in the absence
of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed con-
clusive evidence that such State and the people
thereof have not been in rebellion against the
United States.

" General Buell is reported to be in pursuit of
General Bragg, while General Kirby Smith is
marching after Buell, who may thus be placed be-
tween two fires and forced to capitulate.
" Mr. Morgan, Governor of the State of New
York, has ordered the draught to commence on the
15th of October, 40,000 men, the quotas due under
the two calls of the President.

" Notwithstanding the enormous heavy bounty,
£9O money, and the vigorous efforts made to fill
up the numbers, the city of New York is 8,000 men
in arrear on the second call, and the State of New
York, 32,000."

" QUEENSTOWN, OCT. 4.
" The Royal mail steamship Australasian, from
New York on the 24th ult., arrived here at 12.30
p.m. She brings 47 passengers and 808,739 dols.
She landed 82 sacks of mails and six passengers,
and proceeded immediately. All well. She expe-
rienced very foggy weather.
"NEW YORK, SEPT. 23, MORNING.
(Per Australasian via Cape Race and Roche's

"That attention is hereby called to an Act of
Congress, entitled An Act to make an additional
Article of War,' approved March 13, 1862, and
which Act is in the word and figure following
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembled, and hereafter the following
shall be promulgated as an additional article of war
for the government of the United States, and shall
be obeyed and observed as such:—
‘" Article.—All officers or persons in the military
or naval service of the United States are prohibited
from employing any of the forces under their re-
spective commands for the purpose of returning
fugitives from service or labour who may 'have
escaped from any persons to whom such service or
labour is claimed to be due, and any officer who
shall be found guilty by a court-martial of vio-
lating this article shall be dismissed from the
service.

(From the Journal:of Commerce.)

The long agony of the Radicals is over. They
have pressed for a proclamation, and the proclama-
tion they have to the full extent of their wishes.
Their curses on the President are changed to invo-
cations of blessing, and they are, or ought to be,
satisfied. We have expressed our opinion of the
document, and it is useless to discuss it. It is pro-
claimed, and cannot be recalled. It is published--
and there is the end of it. It is, of course, not law,
for we have not arrived at that point at which the
President makes laws by proclamation. It is a
voice that has gone out, never to be hushed into
silence, and its effect for good or evil is irrevocable.
What are we to expect from it ? The Radical news-
papers have assured us that it would bring the re-
bellion to a sudden close. We have been over and
over again told in flaming sentences that it would
be the sovereign remedy for all our sorrows ; the
restorer of peace, the tranquilliser of the country,
the forerunner of the millenial day in America. We
have been assured that it would win for us the sym-
pathy of Europe and the world at large, would es-
tablish our national character, and, above all, would
secure the favour of the God of battles. Let us wait
patiently for the accomplishment of these glorious
results. But while we wait may we not perish ?
Will it do to wait ? We respectfully ask the radical
leaders and newspapers for information on this sub-
ject. Is the proclamation to do all the work and is there
no need of fighting any more ? Shall we go up on the
housetops and look southward for the effect of the
Presidential voice, like thunder shaking the land,
and terrifying the rebellion into silence and nothing-
ness ? Perhaps no radical man can be found who
is so great an enthusiast, so foolish in his faith in
proclamations, as to say anything of this kind,
although thousands of them said it when their
faith was only hope for such a proclamation. But
now the responsibility of a new duty falls upon
these men, and they must assume it at once. They
must enlist in the army, and fly to the support of
their principles. They can no longer hesitate or
excuse themselves. The President pledges the
Executive, naval and military powers of the coun-
try, to maintain the principles of the proclamation,
and every man of them should be in the field to-
day. All the conditions on which they based their
patriotism are answered; all the provisoes of their
devotion to the Government are fulfilled. They
expect to have some fighting to do, and that fight-
ing they ought to do.

" Section 2.—And be it further enacted that this
Act shall take effect from and after its passage.'

" Also to the ninth and tenth sections of an Act
entitled An Act to suppress insurrection, to punish
treason and rebellion, to seize and confiscate pro-
perty of rebels, and for other purposes,' approved
July 17, 1862, and which sections are in the words
and figures following :
" Section 9.—And be it further enacted that all
slaves of persons who shall hereafter be engaged in
rebellion against the Government of the United
States, or who shall in any way give aid or comfort
thereto, escaping from such persons and taking
refuge within the lines of the army, and all slaves
captured from such persons, or deserted by them,
and coming under the control of the Government
of the United States, and all slaves of such persons
found on (or being within) any place occupied by
rebel forces, and afterwards occupied by the forces
of the United States, shall be deemed captures of
war, and shall be for ever free of their servitude,
and not again held as slaves.

" Section 10.—And be it further enacted that
no slave escaping into any State, territory, or the
district of Columbia, from any of the States, shall
be delivered up, or in any way impeded or hindered
of his liberty, except for crime or some offence
against the laws, unless the person claiming said
fugitive shall first make oath that the person to
whom the labour or service of such fugitive is alleged
to be due is his lawful owner, and has not been in
arms against the United States in the present rebel-
tion, nor in any way given aid and comfort thereto ;
and no person engaged in the military or naval
service of the United States shall, under any pre-
tence whatever, assume to decide on the validity of
the claim of any person to the service or labour of
any other person, or surrender up any person to the
claimant, on pain of being dismissed from _the
service.'

(From the World.)
President Lincoln, in his address to the Border
States Congressmen, warned them that the pressure
upon him to issue an emancipation proclamation was
so great that he feared he might yet be compelled
to yield. His distrust of his own resisting power
has since been fully justified. Indeed, this yielding
to pressure is Mr. Lincoln's fatal weakness. He
yielded to pressure in urging General Scott to fight
the first battle of Bull Run ; he yielded to pressure
in giving Colonel Miles another command, when
he should have been shot ; he yielded to pressure
in disconcerting General M'Clellan's plans last
spring, by ordering a premature advance at the
West; he yielded to pressure in so meddling with
the peninsula campaign as to cause it to miscarry.
No man ever yet administered successfully the
affairs of a great nation without a backbone in-
capable of " yielding to pressure." This extraordi-
nary proclamation will bring no advantages to the
negro race at all proportionate to the obstructions
it throws in the way of reunion. It is certain
that the Union will never be restored till this
ill-advised action of the Government is re-
versed. It converts every inhabitant of the
South into a zealot whose all is embarked in
the success of the rebellion. The idea that they will
succumb to threats, that they will vote on compul-
sion, that they will feel terror or misgivings, or
anything but increased indignation, at such a pro-
clamation, shows small knowledge either of human
nature or of the temper of the Southern mind. Such
a proclamation cannot possibly be enforced, and its
only effect will be to strengthen the determination of
the rebels to fight to the very last. They are shut up
in a lane which has no turning. When the military
power of the rebels is broken we have laid before
ourselves a still harder task to perform. At the very
crisis of the contest of arms the president has rein-
forced them as effectually as if he had doubled their
squadrons in the field. We may learn fromour
; will
enemies. They will rejoice. Their leaders
moral
make of this proclamation their eh'efeoisr good ;
_
weapon. It is powerless in our hands o
in theirs it will be potent for evil. Our
et remains
To that it y
tion now is in the ballot-box. ,
a here the battle
only
possible for for the people to resort. 'l'h
There alone the
lost today may be won to- may be vindi-
ithaless custodians.
catedbyinsulted Athlaejepsetoyploof
athgeeiriCsetrunEtsitfuati

" And I do hereby enjoin upon and order all per-
sons engaged in the military and naval service of
the United States to observe, obey, and enforce
within their respective sphere of service the act and
sections above recited.
" And the Executive will in due time recommend
that all citizens of the United States who shall have
remained loyal thereto throughout the rebellion
shall, upon the restoration of the constitutional rela-
tion between the United States and their respective
States and people (if the relation shall have been
suspended or disturbed), be compensated for all
losses by acts of the United States, including the
loss of slaves.

"In witness whereof I have hereunto set my
hand, and caused the seal of the United States to
be affixed.

" ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

"Bone at the City of Washington, this 22d day
of September, in the year of our Lord 1862, and of
the Independence of the United States the 87th.
" By the President,
"WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.'

The following
correspondent,Ld.aitsedthcputenimmb
Januaal:
cc, Lincoln's aerry2o4f:_our New York
" President povroesclianmaaltliornebetlosftroetees theon
slaves of rebels
the Ist of
January, 1863, excites great discussion.
It is considered blunder by all except extreme
Abolitionists. It sent down the price of all secu-
rities yesterday andenit
to 18-1- per cent. and
on
ncreased the premium on gold
silver to 15 per cent. The
Democratic party are opposed to it as illegal, un-
constitutional, ill-timed, and -
unjust, while the Re-
publicans are divided in opinion.
" The battle at Antietam Creek becomes less and
less of a victory in the public estimation as the facts
are made known. A large Confederate force is still on
the Maryland side of the Potomac,
and those which
retreated to the Virginia side retreated leisurely,
with all their arms, ammunition, artillery, baggage,
and sick and wounded. They have possession of the
valley of the Shenandoah, and captured at H arper's
Ferry as many stores, and as much artillery,
light
and heavy, as recompensed them for all the perils
and losses of the Maryland campaign, The total
loss on both sides continues to be
estimated at
20,000 men.
" Commander Treby has been summarily dis-
missed from the naval service of the United States

(Front the Times.)
Negro Captives.—The Rtchmond Whig of Satur-
day states that among the captures made
1,
uy the
Confederates at Harpers Ferry, on Monday of last
week, were 2,000 negroes. Of course, these
negroes were not paroled like our soldiers, but were
driven South to be put to use, most likely, in
the
rebel arwy, or at some civil or military
Work in aid