The Sun.
London, England, 1865-01-28 00:00:00

('j OUrt tiritibr
- .

HER MAJESTY.

OSBORNE, Jan. V•
The Queen took an airing yesterday Inc'tnii3„gie
and again in the afternoon, accompanied by
Princess of Wales and Princess Helena.

-.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Plc'_
their
d'Aumale leave Belvoir Castle to-day, on concluding
visit to the Duke of Rutland.
The Duke of Rutland has been entertaining:
large party of visitors during the week at Belvoir CaS'T's
to meet their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Puche'h
d'Aumale, and dancing parties have taken place andeach
night. Among the company present were the Earl
John
Countess of Wilton, Lord Lyons, Lord and Lady Pay
Manners, Lord and Lady George Manners, Mr. and LT,:d
E. Drummond, Mr. and Hon. Mrs. Welby, Mr. ifel
Adeliza Norman, Sir Edwin Landseer, Sir J.
fir.lue'T
Mrs. Ashley Maude and Miss Maude, Mr. DruminOu'

and Mrs. Listle and Miss Listle, &c. at
The Duchess (Dowager) of Athole has arriirv-
the St. George's Hotel from Dunkeld, Perthshire.
or,
The Marquis of Hastings, Lord Methuen, pia)▪
•
General and Hon. Mrs. Stuart, and Hon. Colonel and '-
Berkeley have left the St. George's Hotel.
The Earl of Derby is expected to arrive
residence in St. James's-square, on Thursday or F▪ -ii
next for the season. In all probability the countess vriri
remain at Knowsley for a few weeks after the noble 011,
arrival in London. His lordship, as leader of the Couseri
tive party in the House of Lords, will entertain a nurefr°ol6
circle of his political friends at dinner on the eve 04
opening of the parliamentary session.
The Earl Granville, Lord President of the
Council, will give a banquet on Monday, the Gth Prc)%ilnil
at his house in Bruton-street. In addition to the t 44
Privy Seal and other members of the Cabinet, rear

peers have been invited to dine on the,occasion. ,„,
Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston left (170
bridge House, yesterday, for Brocket Hall, gels' „ier
lordship has issued invitations for a full-dress parlla.l,4
tary dinner on the 6th of the ensuing month, at Calabri;
House, when the Speaker of the House of Connu°lls' of
mover and seconder of the address, and a large numbe'

the noble premier's political friends will dine there. nt,
Lord Willoughby de Eresby is in a very lane
able condition, and fears are now entertained as to hi '-wo
ship's ultimate recovery. The report last evening
rather favourable.

Lady Emily Peel is gradually regaining liegv
and strength, and in all probability will be able to
exorcise in a week or two.

MR. SIMS REEVES' ODD ACCIDENT, last 11('-i
might have been very serious in its results. As it Os' 10
prevented him from appearing at the Sacred Ilarnl°l3ic °0
Friday. The great tenor, it appears, according to .
Orchestra, was idly twitching his eye-glass, which is 5i359
pended at the end of a piece of elastic, when the g
suddenly escaped his fingers and, breaking, gruel'Nv r,
severely in tho eye. We are happy in adding, 11°,:
that the mischief is now repaired, save and except a sy'l'
scar by way of souvenir.
INVISIBLE RAYS OF THE ELECTRIC LOWY;
We are so accustomed to associate the wordor
with the idea of light, that the term dark, or invisi'e
obscure rays, stimulates the imagination by its string tali
And such is more particularly the case when we are
is
that the major portion of the radiation of the sun its-if
of this invisible character. This great discovery vr-„s 1
nounced sixty-five years ago by Sir Williamgersv-lie;
Permitting a sun-beam to pass through a glass P14°111143,
formed the coloured spectrum of the solar light'
carrying a small thermometer through its Nlir-°'l
f(l'
colours, he determined their heating power. ll°`°...cl;
this power to augment gradually from the violet to the
but he also found, to his surprise, that the calorific gen.
did not terminate where the visible spectrum °A/310
Placing his thermometer in the dark space ber3il",lit,
red, he found the heating power there to be greater ""1:1
in any part of the visible spectrum. Sir William gE'rsfc,:s
concluded from his experiments that besides thoSe
which, acting separately upon the retina, produce tile °e,., -
sation of colour, and the sum of which constitutes our
dinary sunshine, a vast outflow of perfectly invisible 111);..
proceeds from the sun ; and that, measured by their
ing power, the strength or energy of these invisible ral ,
greater than that of all the visible rays taken togetiler.-
The Reader. ro for
THE STREETS OF POMPEII.—The streets 11- to
the most part straight, and run at right, allgl° ,it-
one another ; they are not wide, many of thera n°t pan
ting of the passage of more than one chariot at a 11111-,' apt
probably these were not much used, taking into ne`-e
the small extent of the city (only three-quarters of a "'II:,
in length and half a mile in width), though the deer':
worn ruts in the stones would seem to indicate the e°:
trary. The roadway is composed of huge polygonal m°`l;
of lava, from 9 to 18in. in diameter, and 9in. in depth,
fitted together; the stones were worked in a wedge °11!;11,
so that they spanned the roadway like a vault, e'
stone resembling the voussoir of an arch. All the str,ceera
have pavements for foot passengers, even those Iv'
chariots could not pass, consisting of curb stones of
stove
with the pavement composed of bits of marble allathe
set in cement, the where rubbed fiat ; in places Wile:pea
curb-stones have broken away they have been c11;g tecit
together with iron. These foot pavements are e'eis ger
sometimes more than a foot above the roadway ;
s 9
posed that the latter, in times of rain (which vei
all
heavily in these countries), became a kind of sewer'
ryvd
the streets are slightly inclined one way or the other;
this supposition seems well founded, because ther°_,,,eXvo"
everywhere huge stepping-stones from pavement to r
ment, the wheels of the carriages, and the horses (al iv
two), passing
on either side of the stone. The still
which the solid refuse of the city was carried away tsbeen
a mystery, scarcely any traces of sewers having of
found. Mazois gives us a drawing of one, the position
vied
which ho does not state; but it seems only to have s°°st.
to carry the waters from the street under the walls t°
,0 s 1
side the town. It is just possible that the street° -803
have been the only sewers, as they are still in sone t,° the
in the east. Though traces of aqueducts are found fipti
country around, it is not known with any great
from whence Pompeii was so plentifully suppliedr
of
water, there being no wells. A very large nunroter
leaden and earthenware pipes have been found, the °ore
of which supplied the numerous fountains 'WWI', of
placed in all the principal streets. They consiste' wet
cistern formed of blocks of lava, cramped together cilia
iron, the water falling into them through a pipe
one of the back stones of the cistern, which rises fill
than the rest.—Mr. R. P. Spiers in the Building Nees' 40'
THE BOARD OF TRADE AND THE LIFEBOAT '-acji.
VICE.—The Board of Trade has given £25 tO the
of the widows of the two lifeboat men who were lost on the
24th of November, when the Stanley steamship an crr
schooner Friendship were lost on Tynemouth 1"; on
Each of the men who manned the Constance lifeboa'
that night have been paid £5 by the National LifeWactilo° to
committee, and the Board of Trade has 'presented 'l' use
each of the Coastguard officers who were so much °):.,Ast
on the rocks at Tynemouth in the gales of the latter *wet
of November. The Tynemouth Relief CO-mmittee, clis' I,le
from the donations of the Board of Trade, has made
provision for the widows and orphans of the two lost 'cif,
boat men, who will be in comparatively comfort:xi/1:i,
cumstances for the rest of their lives. A Volunteer Lig
y ve
Brigade has been established in North Shields and
mouth to co-operate with the Coastguard in cases °'
wreck in attempts which may made to rescue sealol'
passengers from the stranded ships. About 100 y013.,..g ill
°f
have joined the corps. By an order from the iE:e-Dir
Trade, Capt. Manby's apparatus for saving life front "or
wreck will be furnished to every training ship in
cantile ports, and the Naval Reserve Volunteers "",0
drilled and exercised on board these ships in tile 11'
them.
A SPECIMEN OF STEEL ROLLING. To the ;In
It
competition in iron rolling, excited by the recelrola
an " iron letter" from Pennsylvania, we have 11°Ti ht°ooe4l
an interesting note on the degree of thinness to wilic-r
can be rolled cold. The samples we have seen Aver! .:1110'
at Mr. Gillott's works, and as one gentleman fel.kr" e 0.40:
interest in the matter, he sent some of them tO %et&
Holtzapffel and Co., to be measured by their Inier°:'9eg
guage, and received the following reply :
Sir,—We beg to acknowledge the receipt ot "tell •
letter of the 10th instant, and also three sheets °f
which you inform us are rolled cold. We have °31:Loh!'10
measured the three sheets of steel, and find the incl
thickness to be 1-1800th part of the English standal' 111,1'
In other words, 1800 sheets piled upon each oti°
collectively measure an inch in thickness. %,,,P,,et3
decimally, the average thickness of the three s"`' you'
.00055, and the differences in thickness vary fr°l':o
.00053 to .00057. The thinnest tissue paper we 1.1% 011-n
able to purchase at the stationers' shops meas°l:l,.
1200th of an inch, or decimally .00083 of an inch. "0 tr,
the pleasure to remain, faithfully yours, Holaziall,
Co.-23d Jan., 1865."—These samples of cold-r°l:ece, 1,1"
steel show very fine holes, and have a porous stn-j thA°
still are perfectly smooth and easy to write on, yidgee-,
porosity can only be seen when they are held 11P t,°;11; five
light. It is believed that steel may be rolled
when other experiments are made.—Birminghant p05,,,;1066
MODERATE.—According to the Indere"
Beige, of the 24th inst, the works of the Nei
g
House has been interrupted by an accident. It r pails'
discovered that a corner of the Grande Hotel, on tee 1),13°
0'
yard des Capucines, will mark the facade of then evr f 0
ing. Overtures have been made to the proPriet3,llpooreir°l,l
hotel, which is known to be in the hands of "''s the
with a view of removing the offensive portion °' 1000) '
of buildings in the way, and he has demanded /3.°
sum than twenty-four million frano.--,Builder•