The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-04 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 4, 1865.

" It is truly marvellous."—Times.
,THAROAH'S
SERPENTS."
Post free 13 stamps.
STEREOSCOPIC COMPANY.
54, Cheapside, and 110, Regent-street.

E VERYB 0 D Y'S BUSINESS.

THE GREAT PAGEANT, entitled " the
Capture of An alr," the greatest Giant in the World, will
be repeated every eVeninz, supported by all the at motions of
this establishment, including a host of ballet fairies, L
putian army, Master Powell, Miss Clara Thorn, General Tom
Dot, and the French Giant, surnamed Anak, the Anakin.
Doors open at 7,3o.—Great James's-hall, Regent-street and
Piccadilly.

ANAK, the GREATEST GIANT in the
WORLD.—Special RECEPTIONS EVERY DAY
from 7 hree to Five o'clock, with the little Comic Actor,
GENERAL TOM DOT. Morning Performance. Admis-
sion, ls.; reserved seats, 2s. 6d.
ANAK— ANAB—ANAK.
" There were giants in those days."
Great St. James's Hall, Recent-street and Piccadilly.

ANAK will APPEAR EVERY NIGHT, with
Professor ANDERSON. HACCABE, the Misses
ANDERSON, at the GREAT ST. JAMES'S HALL. An-
derson and the World of Magic at Eight, Maccabe at Nine,
and the Great Giant and General Tom Dot at 9.30. " This is
the greatest combination entertainment in the metropolis."
—Vide the Press. Admission, ls. ; balcony, 25.; reserved
seats, 3s. ; '
stalls, ss.

CHRISTY MINSTRELS, St. James's Hall,
Piccadilly.—The only original and veritable legitimate
CHRISTY MINSTRELS Every Night at 8, Saturdays at 3
and & On and after Wednesday. November Bth, an Extra
Day Performance every Wednesday, at 3, retaining all the
specialties and old favourites who originally created the re-
putation of the Company. Fauteuils, 55.; stalls, 3s ; unre-
served seats, 2s. ; gallery. Is. Tickets at Austin's, 28, Pic-
cadilly.—Manager, Mr. Frederick Burgess.

T HE 0 X F O R D.
8, OXFORD STREET. W.
The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited)._

- -
SIXTY-SIX, by J. Offenbach, and a New
CANTATA, by Meyerbeer, will be performed by Misses
Russell, Barrie, Waimealey, Tyrell, Ellen Reid, Madame
Maria, and Miss Fitz Henry ; Messrs. A. St. Albyn, Husk,
Evans, W. Williams, and Senors Tivoli and Spagnoli, with
full Band and Chorus, THIS EVENING.

CANTERBURY HALL.
KO KO RI KO.

This wonderful entertainment, having proved the greatest
hit ever made, will be repeated EVERY EVENING, in ad-
dition to the Operatic Selections, supported by the whole
talent of the establishment.

Comedy, Burlesque, and Ballet by Mrs. and Mr. Randall,
Messrs. Duriah and Davies, the D'Aubans, Mons. Alex-
andre, mimic, and the Sisters Dashwood.

On MONDAY NEXT the favourite, ARTHUR LLOYD,
will make his Re-appearance with New and Original Songs.
Director, Mr. F. Jongmans.

All visitors to London at this season should see the above
entertainment.

MADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION,
Baker-street.
NEW ADDITIONS.—FuII length Portrait Models of the
late LORD PALMERSTON, PRESIDENT JOHNSON,
and GENERAL GRANT.
Open from 11 a.m. till dusk, and from 7 till 10 p.m.
Admittance, One Shilling; Children under 10, half-price ;
Extra Rooms, Sixpence.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
Piccadilly —GRAND CASINO and MUSICAL PRO-
MENADE is NoW OPEN for the Season.
Musical Director, M. LUIGI CURTL
Manager, Mons. GRENET.
The Band plays nightly Selections from the most eminent
Composers.
Doors open at half-past 8 o'clock; close live minutes to 12
o'clock.
Admission to Promenade, One Shilling.

THE WELLINGTON, ST. JAMES'S-STREET.
Set DINNERS served, at five minutes'notietrom Four to

nine p.m.. at 28..6d., 38 6d., 48. 6d., and 7s. each.
ELEGANT SALOON DINING ROOMS,
for Ladies and Families.
Prices on the "Carte" molerate.
Private Rooms for Large or Small Parties.
Reading, Smokinz, and Billiard Rooms.
BREAKFASTS and LUNCHEONS.
D. CAMERON,
Entrances-160, Piccadilly, and 49, St..Tanxes'a-stost,

TOHN GOSNELL and CO.'S CHERRY
ej TOO 111 PASTIG is greatly superior to any tooth
powder; gives the teeth a pearl whiteness, protects the
enamel from decay, and imparts a pleasant fragrance to
the breath. Price is. 61-12. Three Kin:-court, Lombard-
street. London.

DEAFNESS.—The SOUND MAGNIFIER, and
Inviable Voice Conductor. It Ms into the ear, not
perceptible; the unpleasant sensation of s'n_•ine noises in
the head is entirely removed. It affords immediate relief to
deaf persons, and enables them to hear distinctly at church
and public assemblies. Every other kind of hearing inctru-
ment.—Messre. SOLOMON, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly.

STARCH MANTJFACTURERS
TO H. R. H. THE PRINCESS OP WALES.
GLENFIELD PATENT STARCH,
Used in the Royal Laundry,

AND AWARDED THE PRIZE MEDAL, 1862.
Sold by all Grocers, Chandlers, &o. &o.
WOTHERSPOON and CO., Glasgow and London.

COALS, DIRECT FROM THE COLLIERIES,
supplied by the JOINT-STOCK CO AL COMPANY
(Limited).—Vest Walisend. 278. per ton ; Adelaide ditto, 255.;
the Company's Silkstone, 245. Chief Office, 49, Fleet-street,
E. U. ; Coal Depots, Great Northern Railway, King's-cross
(22, Coal Department); Great Western Railway, Padding-
ton; Regent's n hart, West Ferry-road, Millwall ; Durham
Wharf, Crabtree-road, Peckham.
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS NEW, Managing Director.

MADAME RACHEL'S Matchless ART gives
youth and beauty, grace and elegance, to persons
wrinkled, scared, or aged, as on the great trial (Rachel v.
Carnagie) it was then proved beyond a doubt that Rachel was
and is the sole professor of the beautiful art of which her
name stands the marvel of the age. All other persons pre-
suming to style themselves enamellers, and who are vending
inj uriuus and destructive comounds in imitation, commit a
gross fraud on the public. 47Ap, New Bond-street.

To ALL in DEBT or DIFFICULTIES.—
it Consultation Gratis. -JAMES GOLDRICK, Attorney-
at-Law, and Nolicitor of all the Courts, obtains immediate
protection for the person and property of debtors, in town or
country, together th entire relief from all debts and lia-
bilities, under a recent Act of Parliament, in all cases with-
out imprisonment. Charges moderate. payable by instal-
ments. N.very desm4ption of legal la u.iiness conducted, in-
cluding Bankruptcy, Chancery, an d Pivorce cases. Wills
searched for and office copies obtailied. Claims made out and
money ani property recovered.—Ofilcza, I, Brunswick-street,
Liverool, and 342, Strand, London, W.C. Strictly private
and confidential. N.B —County Courts attended.

TRADE WITH JAPAN.—In a letter written by a
French merchant, dated Yokohama, Aug. 12, some
interesting particulars are given relative to the resources,
products, exports and imports, and trading capabilities of
the Japanese people :—" During the last four years it may
be affirmed that the price of silk has doubled. The want
of a crop in Europe and China brought here too many pur-
chases for the stock offered in our market. The conse-
quence was that there was a ridiculous competition to buy
at any cost, and that the native dealer accordingly ob-
tained a large profit, with prices which leave very little
margin to buyers, even if they do not, in 15 cases out of 20,
subject them to loss. Cotton followed, butis now neglected.
Tea, which is inferior to the current qualities of China,
always finds buyers, especially for the markets of the United
States. The writer goes on to state that up to the 30th of
June, the importations into Japan, as, officially stated,
were 30,000,000 f. and the exports 50,000,000 f. The Euro-
pean imports are chiefly cotton goods, unbleached and
striped, in accordance with the fashion of the country,
camlets, and common blankets. These are the articles
which find the readiest sale. Next to these are bar iron,
window glass, medical drugs, lead in pigs, and ordinary
cloth, but the latter must be of colours to please the
people. The number of European residents does
not exceed 400, and many of them receive direct
from the houses in Europe with which they are in
correspondence the greater part of the articles they con-
sume. " There are two great causes which for the present
delay the consumption of our articles by the natives, the
sumptuary laws of the Government, and the little specie
possessed by the masses in spite of the wealth of the coun-
try. The Government watches over and directs everything
and is very particular in making every person live in the
class in which he is born. It regulates for all the manner
of clothing and living, and the internal arrangements of
houses. It has so completely subjugated the people to the
respect of authority, that its will is obeyed to the letter. If
it were not for this fear of the Government, we should
certainly see many more of • our productions consumed by
the people. Accustomed to live on little, the Japanese only
produce in proportion to their wants. The consequence is,
that production is far from being what it might be, and
that the mass of producers has very little money. Each
trade and industry, and branch of commerce, has a chief
nominated by the Government, and everything is done by
his orders. There is, therefore, no liberty in transactions,
and no competition. Japan, for the present, is not a very
favourable field for commercial transactions. But on being
subjected, as China has been, to the influence of the West,
it will in time present immense resources of commerce. At
present we are suffering—we are crippled in the limits of
the concessions made to us ; and we pray that complica-
tions may arise which will put an end to this state of
things. It is only by force that we can move tho Japanese.'

MR. SEWARU'S SPEECH AT AUBURN.

My GOOD FRIENDS, —A meeting with you here from
time to time, as opportunity serves and duty permits, is
not merely a privilege but even a blessing, Your greeting
on this occasion comes in the season when fruits are clus-
tered aroUnd us, although the leaves above our heads and
the grass beneath our feet are yet fresh and green. The
assemblage which has gathered to express to me its good
wishes, harmonises with the season and the scene. How-
ever youthful a townsman of Auburn is, he is nevertheless
habitually thoughtful ; however old, he is yet always
cheerful and hopeful. This particular greeting calls up
not mere fancies, but memories—some new and others old;
some pleasing, others Mournful ; some private, others pub-
lic; with all of which, however, you all are intimately
and generously associated ; and those memories have be-
come so indelibly impressed upon me, that they seem to me
to constitute a part of my very being. We have met oc-
casionally during the past five years, but always under
circumstances which were painful, and which excited deep
solicitude. You freely gave me your sympathies then,
even when my visits were hurried ; when my appeals to
you, and through you to more distant fellow-citizens, to
make new efforts and sacrifices for our suffering country,
must have seemed querulous and exacting ; and when
either public or private anxieties denied me the privilege
of even temporary rest and calmness. Who that labored
under the weight of a disproportionate responsibility could
have rested or been at ease, when the land which he ought
to love, with more than earthly affection, was threatened
every day with a violent dissolution of its political institu-
tions, to be too quickly followed by domestic anarchy, and
afterwards by imperial, and possibly foreign despotism.
Would to God, that-thespatricrte of Mexico had never, In
the midst of her civil Commotions, taken to themselves the
comfort of indifference and repose. But all is now
changed. The civil war is ended. Death has removed
its victims ; liberty has crowned her heroes, and humanity
has canonised her martyrs ; the sick and the stricken are
cured; the surviving combatants are fraternising ; and
the country, the object of our just pride and lawful affec-
tion, once more stands collected and composed, firmer,
stronger, and more majestic than ever before, without one
cause of dangerous discontent at home, and without an
enemy in the world. (Applause.) Why should we not
felicitate each other on this change, and upon the new
prospects which open before us. These prospects, how-
ever, cover a broad field. I could not rightly tax your
kindness so much as to survey the whole of it ; and even
if I were willing, you would kindly remember that at the
present moment my power of speech is abridged. Only
magnanimous themes are worthy of your intellectual un-
derstanding, or compatible with the feelings which have
moved this interview. We have lost the great and good
President, Abraham Lincoln. He had reached a stage of
moral consideration when his name alone, if encircled with
a martyr's wreath, would be more useful to humanity at
large than his personal efforts could be beneficial to any
one country as her chosen chief magistrate. He is now
associated with Washington. The two American chiefs,
though they are dead, still live, and they are leading the
entire human race in amore spirited progress toward fields
of broader liberty and higher civilisation. (Applause.) In
the place of Abraham Lincoln, we have anew President.
To most of you he is personally unknown. The people
around me, with their customary thoughtfulness, are in-
quiring of those who are nearer to him than themselves
what manner of man Andrew Johnson is, and what man-
ner of President he may be expected to be. When, in
1861, treason, laying aside for the moment the already ob-
noxious mask of slavery, and investing itself with the al-
ways attractive and honored robes of democratic freedom,
flashed its lurid light through the Senate-chamber and
announced, as already completed, a dissolution of the Union,
then, a leader, who should be at first a Senatorial and after-
wards a popular leader, was required, to awaken sleeping
loyalty and patriotism throughout the land, to rouse its un-
conscious hosts and to inspire them with the resolution
needed to rescue the constitution, suppress the rebellion,
and preserve the integrity of the republic. (Applause.)
To me, reason seemed to suggest, in this case, as a neces-
sity resulting from circumstances, that that leader, while
he should be a capable, inflexible, and devoted patriot,
should also be a citizen of a hesitating Border State—a
slaveholder in practice, though not in principle, and yet in
principle and association a Democrat. Andrew Johnson,
of Tennessee, completely filled those complex .conditions,
and with the consent of the whole American people he
assumed the great responsibility. (Loud applause.) The
insurrection soon became flagitious, insolent, defiant, and
announced, to the, astonishment of mankind, that the pre-
tended free empire which it was building by usurpation
within forbidden borders was founded.upon the caiwer-
stone of slavery ! The newly-inaugurated President,
Lincoln, with decision, not unaccompanied by character-
istic prudence, announced that thenceforth slavery should
be deemed and treated as a public enemy. (Applause.) An-
drew Johnson accepted the new conditions of his popular
leadership which this announcemeutcreated, and thencefor-
ward he openly, freely, and honestly declared, not only
that the erection of the now edifice should be prevented,
but the corner-stone of slavery itself, the rock of all our
past as well as all our then future dangers, should be up-
lifted and removed, and cast out from the Republic. (Re-
newed applause.) Whatever may have been thought by
you, or by me, or by others, at that time, itis now appa-
rent that the attempted revolution culminated when the
national banner was for the first time successfully re-
planted by our gallant army on the banks of the Cumber-
land, and when Tennessee, first among the Border States
which had been reluctantly carried into the rebellion,
offered once more a foothold and a resting-place to the
authorities of the Union. From that time while it was
yet necessary to prosecute the war with such energies as
human nature had never before exerted, it was at the same
time equally needful, with wisdom which has never
been surpassed, to prosecute the beneficent work of
restoring the Union, and harmonizing the great poli-
tical family which, although it had been temporarily
distracted, was destined, nevertheless, to live and grow
for ever under that majestic protection. (Loud applause.)
The abolition of slavery was thenceforth equally an ele-
ment of persistent war and of returning peace. (Continued
applause.) He neither reads history with care nor studies
the ways of Providence with reverence who does not see
that, for the prosecution of these double, diverse, and yet
equally important purposes of war and peace, Andrew
Johnson was fitly appointed to be a Provisional Governor
in Tennessee, the first of a series of Provisional Governors
afterward to be assigned to the insurrectionary States, and
was subsequently elected Vice-President, and in the end
constitutionally inaugurated President of the United States.
(Renewed applause.) We are continually hearing debates
concerning the origin and authority of the plan of restora-
a
ddtieeovnnet.,leoppleeenwn.
tc.oAnlovlenerts,pethaekNooeorfntihttra::77idf,
wSitoewunteh,orwecaaslenleewit th
that
htn edit
recentPisresi-
n ot
specially Andrew Johnson's plan, nor even a new plan in
any respect. It is the plan which abruptly yet distinctly
offered itself to the last administration, at the moment I
have before recalled, when the work of restoration was to
begin ; at the moment when, although by the world un-
perceived, it did begin, and it is the only plan which thus
seasonably presented itself; and therefore is the only pos-
sible plan which then or ever afterward could be adopted.
(Great applause.) This plan, although occasionally requir-
ing variation of details, nevertheless admits of no substan-
tial change or modification. It could neither be enlarged nor
contracted. State conventions in loyal States, however favor-
able, in disloyal States however hostile, could not lawfully
or effectually disallow it ; and even the people themselves,
when amending the Constitution of the United States, are
only giving to that plan its just and needful sovereign
sanction. In the meantime, the executive and legislative
authorities of Congress can do no more than discharge
their proper functions of protecting the recently insurgent
States from anarchy during the intervening period while
this plan is being carried into execution. (Applause.) It
is essential to this plan that the insurrectionary States
shall, by themselves and for themselves, accept and
adopt this plan, and thereby submit themselves to and
en
maypossibly recognise the national authority. This is what I meant
when
Mr.
wAtedeaatniths Adams,
ninue the
used
sense pbayssatghewhiche f you e
sof
the
United
States, to r e
ine m
which the
I
at home and abroad, it was not
said
ca, h
wthoeredxp"escutabjtiuognatoioru' purpose of this Government that the
Southern States should bo subjugated; but that I thought
that those States would be brought, by the judiciously
mingled exercise of pressure and persuasion, to a condition
in which they would voluntarily return to their allegiance.
This was the explanation which Mr. Adams gave to Lord
Palmerston, the Prime Minister of England, when that
great, and, as I trust, not unfriendly statesman, said that
he did not believe that the Federal Union could be
he destruction, nor even
plan,
therefore, recognises not t
re-
stored, because he knemweethaet,eewldhimleaakneyhmhuandriceakn. leaTdhea
horse to the water, no
the subversion
fromfacts tbbnetytheerire, existence;ancetitvefremeeeereed
and
itreasons or
possible changes to be effected by continual war, much
o f
States,
t a ess,
loss does it reason from mere chimeras. (Applause.) This
absolute existence of the States which constitute the
palpable of all the facts with which
the American statesman
has to deal. If many have
Republic, is the most
stumbled over it into treason and rebellion, the fact, for
all legitimate deductions and purposes, nevertheless re-
mains. In a practical sense, at least, the States were before
the American Union was. Even while they were colonies
of the British Crown, they were embryo States—several,
free, self-existing, andindestructible. OurFedeml Republic
exists, and henceforth and for ever must exist, through, not
the creation but the combination of these several free,
self-existing, stubborn States. The States are not stakes
driven into the ground by an imperial hand, nor are they

posts hauled together, squared and hewed, and so erected
loosely upon it; but they aro living, growing, majestic trees,
whose roots aro widely spread and interlaced within the soil,
and whose shade covers the earth. (Applause.) If at any
time any of these trees shall be blown down or upturned by
violence, it mast be lifted up again in its proper place, and
sustained by kindly hands until it has renewed its natural
stability and erectness. (Applause.) If at any time the
American Union is fractured through a lesion of one of its
limbs, that limb must be restored to soundness before due
constitutional health and vigor can be brought back to
the whole system. If one of these limbs offend, we have
indeed the power—and 1 will not cavil about the right—
to cut it off and cast it away from us ; but when we should
have done that, we would have then done just what other
nations less wise than ourselves have done, that have sub-
mitted unnecessarily to amputation, and given up a mate-
rial portion of their strength, to save themselves from
apprehended destruction. We know the inherent strength,
vitality, and vigor of the whole American people. We
neither passionately torment any offending limb, nor con-
sent to its being cut off, because we know that all of our
limbs are capable of being restored, and all are necessary
to the prolongation of our national life. (Applause.) Yon
will ask whether a reconciliation which follows so closely
upon military coercion can be relied upon. Can it be
sincere? Can it be permanent ? I answer, Do you admit
separation to be in any case possible ? Does anybody now
believe that it ever will hereafter become possible ? Will
you yourselves now or ever consent to it ? You answer
all these questions in the negative. Is not reconciliation,
then, not only desirable, but imperative ? Is any other
reconciliation, under the circumstances, possible ? Cer-
tainly you must accept this proposed reconciliation, or you
must. purpose to _delay and wait until, you.-can pro-
cure a better one. Good surgery requires that even
simple fractures, much more compound ones, shall be
healed, if possible, at the first intension. Would not
delay necessarily prolong anarchy ? Are you sure that
you can procure a better reconciliation after prolonging
anarchy, without employing force ? Who will advocate
the employment of force merely to hinder and delay,
through prolonged anarchy, a reconciliation which is
feasible and perfectly consistent with the constitution ?
In what part of the constitution is written the power to
continue civil war against succumbing states for ultimate
political triumph ? What would this be but, in fact, to
institute a new civil war, after one had ended with the
complete attainment of the lawful objects for which it was
waged. Congress and the Administration have power to
levy wars against foreign States for whatever cause they
see fit. Congress and the President have a right to accept
or even make war against any part of the people of the
United States only under their limited power to suppress
sedition and insurrection, and for that purpose only.
What then? Must we give up the hope of further eleva-
tion of classes in the several States without any new
guarantees for individual liberty and progress ? By no
means. Marching in this path of progress and elevation
of masses is what we have been doing always in the season
of peace, and what we have been doing still more effec-
tually in the prosecution of the war. It is a national march,
as' onward and irresistible as the late conflict between
free and slave labor was vigorous and irrepres-
sible. (Enthusiastic applause.) The plan of re-
conciliation we are pursuing has given us two great
national advances in this progress of moral and po-
litical elevation, which are now to be made fast and firmly
fixed. First, it secures a voluntary abolition of slavery by
every State which has engaged in insurrection; and,
secondly, it must secure, and does secure, an effectual adop-
tion by the late slave States themselves of the amendment
of the Federal Constitution, which declares that neither
slavery nor involuntary servitude, except for crime, shall
ever hereafter exist in any part of the United States-
(Applause.) The people who have so steadily adhered to
the true path of Democratic progress and civilisation
through all the seductions of peace, and through so many
difficulties and at such fearful cost in war, will now have
new inducements and encouragements to persevere in that
path until they shall have successfully reduced to a verity
the sublime assertion of the political equality of all men,
which the founders, in their immortal declaration laid
down as the true basis of American Union. (Prolonged
applause.) It is certain that the plan of reconciliation
which I have thus largely explained, must and will be
adopted. (Applause.) It may, however, be hindered or
hastened. How can it be hindered? You are yourselves
aware of the answer when you fasten upon any violent,
factious, or seditious exhibition of passion or discontent in
and of the lately rebellious States and argue from it the
failure of the plan. You argue justly. Every turbulent
and factions person in the lately insurrectionary States is
resisting, hinrierin:, and delaying the work, of restoration
to the extent of his ability. But the case is precisely the
same with ourselves. Manifestations of doubt, distrust,
contempt or defiance, in the loyal States, are equally inju-
rious, and equally tend to delay the work of reconciliation.
How, then, shall it be hastened ? I reply, virtually, in the
language of the President—in the spirit of the constitution
and in harmony, not only with our politics, but with our
religion—" We must trust each other." (Applause.) Can
we not trust each other? Once wo were fiends. Wo
have since been enemies. We are friends again. (Re-
newed applause.) But, whether in friendship or in enmity,
in peace or in war, we are and can be nothing else
to each other than brethren. (Loud applause.) A
few evenings ago, a hundred Southern men, who re-
cently had been more or less influential and leading
revolutionists, visited my house at Washington. They
were frank, unreserved, and earnest in their assurances of
acquiescence and reconciliation, as I also was in mine.
Happily, a party of intelligent Englishmen were in my
dwelling at the same time. I introduced the late rebels
to the representatives of sympathising England, and I said
to the parties, You lately each of you thought that the
Southern men preferred British rule to citizenship in the
United States." While the Englishmen individually dis-
claimed, both parties promptly answered, as they now
do, that that idea was not merely a delusion, but an
absurd mistake. They now knew that even during the
excitement of the war, the American citizen, whether North
or South, really preferred his own countrymen of every
section to any other people in the world. Some of you fear
that the President may be too lenient to those Southern
leaders who plunged the country into calamities of civil
war. Except those of you who have been maimed or be-
reaved, has any of you suffered more of wrong, insult, and
insolence at the hands of those leaders than he has ?
Can we not forget where he can forgive ? Are you
aware that his terms of amnesty to offenders are far more
rigorous than those which were offered by Abraham Lin-
coln ? Have you ever seen the majesty of law more firmly
maintained than it has been by him in the exercise of
ra
dis-
criminating clemency? (Applause.) Some of you seem
to have been slightly disturbed by professions or
President,demon-
wsthraotihoanvsoohforfeatvoofroretoowappordsetdhehisadmhasion
madetby
as
wellpar asties
the administration of his predecessor. (Laughter.) And
you ask : May not the President yet prove unfaithful to
us ? For myself, I laid aside partisanship, if I had any,
in 1861, when the salvation of the country demanded that
sacrifice. It is not, therefore, my purpose to descend to
mere partizanship now. Andrew Johnson laid aside, lam
sure, whatever of partizanship he had, at the same time.
(Applause.) That noble act did not allow, but, on the
other hand it forbade, collusion by the friends of the Union
with opponents of the policies of the war and of reconcilia-
tion which the government has found it necessary to pur-
sue. Duty requires absolute and uncompromising fidelity
to the supporters of those policies, whosoever, and of
whatsoever party they may be. (Applause.) Andrew
Johnson has practised that fidelity against the
violence of enemies, to the sacrifice of his fortune, the
hazard of his liberty, and even the peril of his life. (En-
thusiastic cheering.) The same fidelity is still identified
with the success of those policies, and, of course, is neces-
sary to the achievement of their magnificent ends. (Loud
applause.) Why should he now abandon those policies,
and desert time-honored and favored supporters, merely
because the dawning success of our efforts has compelled
former opponents to approve and accept them ? (Renewed
applause.) Patriotism and loyalty equally, however, re-
quire that fidelity in this case shall be mutual. Be ye
faithful therefore on your part, and although the security
I offer is unnecessary and superfluous, yet I will guarantee
fidelity. (Renewed cheering.) Those who hitherto op-
posed the President, but now profess to support him, either
are sincere or insincere. Time must prove which is the
fact. If they aro sincere, who that has a loyal heart must
not rejoice in their late though not too long delayed con-
version ? If they are insincere, we are either less sagacious,
or have we less ability now than heretofore to counteract
treachery to the national cause ? Perhaps you fear the
integrity of the man. I confess, with a full sense of my
accountability, that among all the public men whom I
have met or with whom I have been associated or con-
cerned, in this or any other country, no one has seemed to
me to be more wholly free from personal caprice and selfish
ambiticn than Andrew Johnson : none to be
more purely
and exclusively moved in public action by love of country
and good-will to mankind.

EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY.—Mr. Herbert S.
Oakley was elected on Thursday last to the chair
of the Theory of Music in Edinburgh University, rendered
vacant by the death of Professor Donaldson. There was
a long list of candidates, including Mr. Hullah, Mr. Mac-
farren, Mr.-Duggan, &c. The university court, in the
minute announcing their decision, say :—" They cannot
record their decision without stating that they have had
at once the advantage and the difficulty of being called
on to make their selection from a list most distinguished
for the amount of genius, knowledge, experience, power
of performance, and general reputation which it com-
prises."

PRICE , 4d- -
STAMPED sd.'

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.—It may serve to call the attention of some
of our readers to the Registrar-General's Quarterly
Returns if they will consider what these figures come
in the place of. In old authors, and even now in
common talk, one meets with estimates, stated
without a doubt, though nothing but the wildest
conjectures. It is scarcely possible to believe many
of the figures in history, even down to the last cen-
tury. Perhaps armies were estimated with approxi-
mate accuracy, for they were levied and paid for;
there were muster rolls, and the killed and wounded
could be counted. But populations, their increase
and decrease, migrations, the victims of death and
pestilence, and such facts, there really was no at-
tempt to ascertain, and there existed no record to
shame the exaggerations for which there was always
some inducement or other. Forests and marshes
are described as teeming with population, mountain
tops swarmed with warlike tribes, stormy seas were
covered with pirates, rocky shores bristled with
savages, thousands of war chariots rattled over
plains where even one such vehicle in these days
would come to a speedy mishap ; there were popu-
lous towns where there could be neither standing-
room nor food for so many ; and when the masses
once moved they acquired numbers as they went,
and swelled into myriads upon myriads as they ap-
proached their trembling prey. Of course when a
war, or a famine, or a plague did come, it squared
the account by killing half, or a third, nay, some-
times nine-tenths, and thus relieved the rude statist
of all further trouble. The hundred thousand people
who lived and flourished on a spot which will now
only feed a few herds of buffaktes or a flock of lean
sheep, were massacred wholesale, or they perished
by some dreadful epidemic. So loose were the old
figures that there is no problem so difficult as that
of the old European populations, our own among
them. Mr. Porter does not venture to quote a
single figure previous to A.D. 1700, which for
statistical purposes may be considered the com-
mencement of the historic period. The difficulty
of even an estimate as to any earlier date is
aggravated by the well known fact that what are
called the higher powers of the mind, imagination,
poetry, wit, taste, eloquence, conversational power,
critical acumen, and polemical subtlety, are all sin-
gularly impatient of figures, and almost incapable
of discriminating between the higher amounts. To
a man of genius a million, and a hundred thousand,
or much less figures, are much the same thing ;
and not only the maker of a brilliant speech, but
even the rapt listener and delighted reporter will
care little how many ciphers he strings on to the
unit, which for the moment he feels to be the only
essential figure in the argument. Some mountain
and desert tribes have adopted the safe plan of
never counting above their fingers, in which case
the generality of the larger estimates precludes all
chance of inconsistency. There are large classes of
writers who would do well to follow this course.
Some do so. Others get into needless trouble by
ill-sustained attempts at an arithmetical precision
above the requirements of their subject. But so
much is now known about the figures of our own
country and the rest of the civilised world that
exaggerations are no longer tolerated. Statistics,
indeed, have become not only a curious branch of
knowledge, but even a science of considerable value.
Under whatever influence, it appears that during
the latest periods of these Returns we have been
marrying, multiplying, and even dying at a greater
rate than usual. The marriages returned are those
of the second quarter of the year, and in those 91
days there were married 91,544 English men and
women. This is rather more than 500 marriages a
day. The increase, which is about 1,200 marriages
over the second quarter of last year, was chiefly in
London, and in the counties feeling the prosperity
of the woollen, coal, and iron trades. The births
are those of the third quarter, ending September 30'
and amount to 181,642, the highest number ever
registered in the summer quarter. The average daily
number has been 1,974, or, in round numbers, near
two thousand—an average which is now likely to
last for several years, and is easy to remember. It
exceeds the number in the corresponding quarters
of the two previous years by 8,203 and 890. The
deaths in the quarter were 113,404. This is con-
sidered above the average, but not much above the
rate of the two preceding summer quarters. The
unusual heat of the season has brought out the
epidemics which never fail-to visit in succession all
parts of the country. Scarlatina and fever stand
for many a high figure in the tables before us ; and
the Registrars add even more painful notices upon
insufficient water supply, bad drainage, and all the
other causes, making many of our towns, as one of
them says, Augean stables. It is a grave fact, but
an indisputable conclusion from a comparison of
returns with returns, that if three deaths out of four
may be referred to natural causes the fourth might
have been prevented by more healthy conditions.
Cholera, indeed, is still only a name. Here and
there a solitary case has risen to this fearful in-
tensity. But it is evident that the state of body
which prepares for the fell scourge and enables it
to reap its full harvest is found almost everywhere,
especially in low, crowded, undrained, unwashed
ports, cities, and suburbs. On deducting the
deaths from the births it is found that the natural
increase of the population in England in the
92 days of the summer quarter wa5:68,238, or 742
daily. That natural increase, however suffers a
serious and no doubt advantageous diminution.
About 19,256 emigrants of English origin sailed
in those 92 days from the ports of the United
Kingdom under the inspection of the emigration
officers. This is an average of 209 English emigrants.
In round numbers, it leaves the actual increase
of the English population 50,000 on the quarter.
Practically, for all statistical purposes, England,
Scotland, and Ireland are one. The population is
always moving from one part to the other; our
large towns are continually recruiting from Ire-
land and other distant provinces, and emigration, in
a large proportion of cases, is preceded by a migra-
tion. So the results for the United Kingdom are
the most important of those before us. It appears
they differ in a very slight degree from those for
England alone. In the spring quarter 114,328
married. In the summer quarter there were regis-
tered 243,119 births, 148,167 deaths, making the
natural recorded increase of population in 92 days
94,952, or 1,032 daily. This last figure is ono worth
fixing on the memory, as it is easily worked into
calculations for a series of years. It must, how-
ever, be corrected by the emigration, which, from
the British Isles, and exclusive of foreigners, has
been 53,564. Making all due allowances, the actual
increase has been about 506 daily. The estimated
population of the Isles is this year 22,772,294, or
in round numbers 30 millions ; and it appears that
we are actually increasing at about the rate of two
millions iu ten years. Even this is a satisfactory
increase compared with that of some continental
countries ; but it is in the face of a still larger emi-
gration. We give day by day a greater proportion
of our daily increase to our colonies and to the
United States than we keep at home. As we have
said, 506 stay at home, but 582 wing their flight to
other shores to swell the great British family all
over the world. There can be no material mistake
in these figures. This is not an oratorical declama-
tion or a philosophical discussion about dispersions,
hordes, swarms, human currents, northern hives,
and all the other generalities of gone-by literature.
This is a plain story of figures and facts, and, if
good for nothing else, a substitute for much idle
romance and foolish if not dangerous illusions.
HERALD.—The man who, lying in a trance which
was mistaken for death, heard, his generous relations
disputing about his will and dividing his posses-
sions, or the veteran statesman who, in consequence
of a similar mistake, had the satisfaction of reading
his biography in all the morning newspapers, may
have felt something like what the chiefs of the
Irish Government must feel when informed of the
proceedings of that very remarkable body which
calls itself the Fenian Congress, and is now in
session at New York. Rip Van Winkle rubbed
his eyes very hard when he saw the honest face of
George 111., which, on the night before, as he
thought had adorned the signboard that swung over
the well-known inn, transformed into the martial
lineaments of General Washington. Have we really
been asleep and dreaming for ever so long, or are
these Irish Americans rather madder than the fleet
quadrupeds who go astray in March ? Last night,
or when we last heard of it, the sister country of
Ireland was quiet under the dominion of the Queen.
Is there now really an Irish Republic, whose
Presi-
dent, Cabinet, Senate, and House of Representa-
tives, are in actual session at New York, in order,
we suppose, to be out of our way until we have
cooled down a little? There must be something in
it, for people in. America are talking not only of
recognising the Fenians as belligerents, but of enter-
ing into relations with the "republican authorities."
But where aro the belligerents ? In Ireland not a
shot has been fired, not a sword drawn. Where
are the " authorities" ? Are we to seek for them
among the respectable gentlemen lately engaged in
tailoring and other peaceful occupations, with vari-
ous Celtic patronymics of the fourth vowel, who
are at present under a cloud in the gaols of Dublin