The Sun.
London, England, 1862-06-02 00:00:00

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During the week ended Ma
mittee at Preston have dist,
bread, 11,159 quarts of soup, and Oh
coffee. The number of cases now uppn the visitors'
books is 3,974, comprising 16,878 persons,- an in-i
crease upon the preceding week of 162 cases and
645 persons, showing that the distress augments'
steadily week by week. The same rate of increase
is observable from the returns of the Poor Law
Guardians. The funds of the Relief Committee, we
are glad to say, do not as yet .diminish, new dona-
tions keeping pace, or nerialrolyonstoi,nwaeitiht tishedieffixopueintdiio-
ture. How long this w
say, especially as the committee desire to increase
their grents' to the 'poor, believios that the allow-
ance hitherto' has been in many uses sadly too
little. The amount of cdditionol subset *otitons ad-
vertised this week is• about £560, including many
sums from contributors at a distance, among which
: tratee a
fund
thend etbl yio wing
is one of £lOO from the Earl o‘f Derby, who is a
large owner of property in Preston: - Tho corn-
url remarks upon the pro-
posal which has been mooted for granting relief
ter we observe: a movewmayentlf
i has b:TenlstieMt oai
nncfoTt
with the view of obtaining subscriptions, to be disc
posed of in loans to necessitcbu
Some doubt may well exist as tots woheprkrOg llieT
pnrietyoli
this scheme. In many instances, no doubt, the
loans would be accepted with avidity and with the
best intentions as regards repayment ; but it needs
little acquaintance with the economy of,th'e factory
operative to understand how such loans may ulti-
mately prove ruinously burdensome or directly de-
moralising to the borrower. The offer of a loan
would in many cases tempt the borrower to under-
take a burden of future debt, from which he could
escape only by either a humiliating forgiveness, or,
perhaps, by years of painful effort. We hope the
promoters of the Manchester scheme may reconsider
it, and be led to the adoption of the same principle
of judicious gratuitous relief which has been pro-
ductive of so much good inenr the poor
and else-
Whire." The guardians of the poor still find the
ablebodied work for their relief in the shape of ex-
cavating on the moor and breaking stones. Mr.
Farnall, the commissioner, advised them to relax
the latter test in favour of many of the men and
boys who are now subjected to it. He considered
that their previous employment at the factories, and
the state of their hands and health generally, tit:ea-
ter). them for such labour. This department
however, mainly attended to by a guardian who re-
gards stonebreaking as the grandest ordeal in the
world for a pauper, and he carries it out with the
utmost rigour. There is no doubt that it finds out
the lazy and the dissolute, but it is too hard upon
the delicate boys and men of the factory, many of
whose hands are blistered and irritated to a painful
extent by the use of the hammer. Each person is
required to break a ton a day for the relief given ,
a task impossible to some`of them, who are not used
to the occupation. The strictness of this regulation
has led to an ingenious method of evasion, which
has been carried on for some time. A number of the
men, unwilling or unable to perform the givs" mea-
sure of work, have made a practice of deawing
liberally on the general heap of stones already
broken, and appropriating a portion as their oven
stock, which was duly reckoned in the day's
work and paid for. The vigilant guardian re-
ferred to above, suspecting the existence of this
practice, set a policeman in plain clothes to
watch, and on Friday two men were caught in the
fact. The case is now under the consideration of
the guardians. The relieving officers of the Union
deny in the main charges brought against them by
the Relief Committee of giving orders to the work-
house indiscriminately, knowing that the place was
full, with a view of ridding themselves of the ap-
plicants. They are preparing a statement of the
number of tickets given. On the other hand, the
visitors and secretaries of the Relief Committee aro
collecting as many of the orders as possible issued
by the union officials during the last fortnight with
a view of strengthening their case, and remonstrat-
ing with the guardians upon the impropriety of
toleratingipeh a practice. It is essential that the
truth of the matter should be known at once, and
harmonious action established between these two
bodies. The distress requires the co-operation of
all parties to meet it. The great " lock-out" of
I:853-4 at its worst stage could not parallel the pri-
vation and misery which 20,000 of the inhabitaLts
of Preston arc now enduring.

PRICE..... -..4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

House, Piccadilly, where they went through several
eqvuoi
sl uotfi o nps
0,
naengda al f taedrdres
sed
formingthienmt o tsoq utahree, ftohl leo wMianrg-
effect :—The appearance of the corps that evening
gave him satisfaction ; it dispelled the sinister mo-
tives which recently circulated reports about them,
and his earnest desire was that they should improve
in number from Saturday to Saturday, and be
.1901lionel Plqurdo. which was intended kyse
twhoer hn
syp oat
totrh;
cirri iesii.a) c,
c

SILREWSBURY ELECTION.
__—
took place on Saturday. The first of the candidates
borough The n comf
sn trieovsn ofsb u
rcya rd id
ilnthaet claw tou
House
eot.represent
Commons
who arrived W 73 Mr. Henry
Robertson, who was
accompanied by his committee and many of his
friends. Almost immediately after he had taken his
place on the right side of the hustings, Mr. Banner
Oakeley, attended by his committee, appeared on the
other side. The Mayor, Mr. Peele, and several of the
town officials followed, and took their places midway
between the two candidates. They had hardly taken
their places when a shout from the crowd below
proclaimed that Mr. Atkins, the third candidate,
had also arrived, his position being taken up in close
proximity to Mr. Oakeley.
Mr. V. R. CORBETT proposed Mr. Banner Oake-
ley to represent the borough in Parliament, which
was seconded by Mr. A. S. CRAIG.
Mr. CLEMENT proposed, and Mr. G. SALT se-
conded, Mr. Henry Robertson.
Mr. OAKELEY then addressed the electors. With
regard to the question of church rates, Mr. Robert-
son had not said one single word ; and if the elec-
tors were satisfied with him, they must be satisfied
with his silence. (Cheers.) For his own part, he
would never give his vote for the total abolition of
church rates—(hear, hear, and groans)—but he
would be very glad to see this much-vexed ques-
tion settled by some judicious compromise. Mr.
Robertson came before them as a supporter of Lord
Palmerston's Government ; and, he would ask them,
was that Government worthy of their support ?
He had nothing to say against Lord Palmerston's
individual character ; but some members of his
Government were the most injurious and
the most ruinous politicians that now exist. (Groans,
and cheers.) What had that government done?
When Lord Derby brought out a measure of reform,
the whig party upset it, and they had never since
brought forward a measure of their own on the great
question of reform ; yet the liberals said the Con-
servatives were holding everything back. Carlyle
had said that Conservatism was order without pro-
gress, and that liberalism was progress without
order ; but he said conservatism was progress with
order, for he was a progressive man. (Laughter.)
He did not want to stand still, and would admit
that the laws of fifty years ago were not suited for
the present time; and fifty years hence they would
require some further modification. He would refer
to the extravagant and lavish expenditure of the
present government, and the large amount of taxa-
tion under which the people were labouring. He had
not seen any measure brought forward by any mem-
ber of the liberal government to relieve the people
of that load. Mr. Hubbard had brought forward a
motion to equalise the income tax—the tax most
oppressive to all—and had asked the Go-
vernment to allow a committee to be formed to
consider the best means of equalising this tax,
which was almost certain to be a permanent bur-
den, but the Government defeated the whole plan,
and left the income tax still with the people.
(Cheers.)
Mr. ROBERTSON next came forward, and was re-
ceived with great cheering. With regard to the
foreign policy of the country he would say a few
words. Were it not for the cotton famine occa-
sioned by the war in America, the country would
be in a prosperous condition. (Hear.) He had ob-
served the conduct of the Government in this
matter, and he thought that the only proper course
that could be pursued was non-intervention; and
therefore he was prepared to support the Govern
ment of Lord Palmerston. But if Lord Derby were
at the head of affairs, and brought forward a right-
down good measure, it would have his support.
He thought, from his experience as a civil engi-
neer and as a commercial man, he should be in a
position to watch the expenditure and to know
where the money goes if they gave him a seat in
Parliament. He looked round this country, and he
saw that there was too much to protect ever to let the
country be without proper defence. There were our
wives, our children, our homes, our liberties, and
all that the nation possesses to be protected ; but
he hoped while they looked for such protection,
and the expenditure to secure it, they would see
that the right man was in the right place. (Loud
Cheers.) He rejoiced that the civil service in India
was now thrown open for competition by the talent
of the country, and he hoped that there would be
very fair play in making these appointments.
(Cheers.) These were his destructive principles of
which he had been accused. (Cheers.) If such
were radicalism, he was a radical, but if, on the other
hand, to love one's country and one's Queen, to
stand up for the church, but at the same time to
give every man freedom—(cheers)—if that was to
be conservative—if to respect the conscience of every
man was to be conservative, then he was a conser-

THE WAR IN MONTENEGRO.

vative.
Mr. ATKINS then came forward, and addressed the
people amidst a continuous roar of laughter. $e
went on to state that his claims were as strong
favour of
as any of the other two candidates, because he
was as long resident in the town as Mr. Robert-
son, and was as well as he at one time connected
with a railway. As to Mr. Oakeley, he thought
his claim was very slight, his only claim on the
Shrewsbury electors being that he
roadhd married a
pretty woman whose father resided e town.
A show of hands was then taken for Mr. Oake-
ley, when a considerable number was held up. On
the, show being taken for Mr. Robertson and Mr.
Atkins, the number seemed to us so nearly alike
that we have some difficulty in saying who
most. The mayor, however, decided in had
Mr. Robertson.
A poll was then demanded on behalf of Mr,
Oakeley.
-

An investigation was held on Friday night by
Mr. G. S. Brent, at the Norfolk Arms, Barnsbury-
road, Islington, on the body of Mrs. Emma Kite,
aged 47, wife of a tailor, of Avery-road, Grosvenor-

The following letter from Ragusa of the 18th of
May contains some interesting details with respect
to the insurrection in the Herzegovine :
" The capture of Niksich is of great importance
to the mountaineers, not on account of the 800 Turks
made prisoners, together with their General, but on
account of its strategic position. Niksich is situ-
ated with its back to the Montenegrin frontier, and
is approached by the defile of Duga, which has twice
proved so fatal to the Ottoman troops. which co
is at the
same time a natural entrenched camp n-
stantly menaces Gatzko, while at the same tune it
will afford the Servians a basis for their future
operations. On the other hand, the loss of Niksich
has completely deranged the plans of Omar Pasha,
who always had in view the junction and combined
action, for a time at least, of the Turkish armies in
the Herzegovina and in the province of Albania;
The road across the Alontenegrin territory from
Spuz to Niksich is the shortest. Water is plentiful
on the passage,
and the road isless difficult than in
any other part of the principality. Omar Pasha
wished, as it Were, to cut Montenegro in two parts,
so that another Turkish corps might take the south-
ern part, which is the heart of tlie country, in re-
verse. I The loss of Niksich has completely deranged
that clever plan. Continual supplies of men and
money are arriving at Scutari. There are eight
pashas at this moment in that town, and among
them is Abdi Pasha, who a few months since fled
from thence like a criminal to explain his conduct
at Constantinople. The operations of the Monte-
negrins in Albania were intended to facilitate this
landing of the volunteers, who were expected froub
foreign countries. It now serves to prevent Albania
front being, as hitherto, a nursery of Bashi-Bazouks.
Numerous emissaries are travelling through the
mountains, preaching fraternity with the sieves--
the re-establshment of the Albanian kingdom
(Greco-Slave), and, as a consequence, a crusade
against the Turks. If in their march towards
the north the Montenegrins are not beaten by the
natives they will shortly form a junction with the
Servians. Omar Pasha is displaying the greatest
activity. He visits the frontiers, reviews the troops,
reorganises the. military administration, and care-
fully provides for the wants of his army, whos?
strength is increasing every day. He threatened
to resign a month since if reinforcements
sent to him. Dervish Pasha is at present at
which he has converted into an intre
The Montenegrins. harass him, kill hisas:
s‘
eretzliko
A corps
n clhdei edGr as
, camp.and
cut off his supplies ; they then disarelselves in the
of 2,000 mountaineers have shobwonveh
Gatzko, march-
neighbourhood of Tatarovith,:i
It was a reconnoit-
ing in the direction of
ictisePtaa'slia dared not attack,
ring party, which Dervish
same road to Niksich.
and which returned
is,crossed the Rubieo-
a ; war
The :Montenegrins have eroded
is declared, in fact. It neve.rthelebs, impossible
for thesebray9 inounucers, whose numbers aredaily diminishing, to strike down the strong colu ut a
its -inert weight, and by
of the Turio, whica by
the naoral support of certain Powers, maintains i;s
ground." _

NATIONAL DEFENCES.---A return has just been
so Parliament, from which it appears that tt,.e
presented
12,000,000 loan authorised in 1860 to be raised by termin-
able annuities for the national defence worry will all have
been expended by the end of August next, if the legal in-
vestigation of the title to lands purchased shall then have
been completed, It is stated also that the estimated cost of
the works contemplated, for most of which contracts haavre
.
been entered into, is £5,680,000, exclusive of artillery _ s
wing worg
mament, but including £1,200,000 for corspo.
which were in progress before the Act of 6 IVith re-
t, No Mares
bard to Spithead, contracts have autismbeensa nto for works
estimated to cost 1840,000 at gorse
Land, and Sturbridge Shoal.
has not yet been purchased. Asite for a central arsenal