The Sun.
London, England, 1862-07-17 00:00:00

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character et the et:tort wade by th
The total population of the Slave `States- Ox-
more than 12,000,000, of whom , sis6‘)Are
African; teral-8;000;000 .of European rada&Dedtt" S
jag froai fLO.lafer numb( r the people- of Mary hied,
Missouri, Kentucky, and Western Virginia, there
remain less than 6,000,000 now supporting the war.
After all the losses of the campaign it is clear that
they have now in the field more than 300,000 men.
In.addition.to the four tirmies under Beauregerd,
Jackson, Kirby, Smith, and at Richmond there
are the forces of Georgia at Savannah, of South
Carolina at Charlestown, of Mississippi at Jaekson
and Vick,. burg ; others iu Florida, Alabama, Texas,
Arkansas, and even the Territories and the In& in
reserve. It is difficult to form any computation of
all these without greatly exceeding the number
named. Now, as this force is maintained by 4
Population only one-fifth of our own, the effort is
what ours would be if we had five times the number,
or an army of a million and a-half in the field. .
Viewed in this light and it is the true one,
such an effort is indeed stupendous, and it becomes
the more remarkable the closer we examine it.
These armies have been called into existence where
there was not the nucleus of a regiment, a company,
a squadron, a solitary piece of field artillery. And
men had to be raised in these numbers where there
was no one centre of population ; powder had to be
made where there were 130 mills; guns to be cast
where there were no foundries ; cartridges to he
made without paper, shoes without leather, Clothing
without looms; all this in a country whose industry
and credit were paralysed, and whose intercouree
with the rest of the world was suddenly shut out.
Depressed by many reverses, reduced from luxury
to the coarsest necessities of life, assailed by ill-
fortune with great floods that caused the life of No.
10 Island and swept away the boom at New Orleans,
looked upon but coldly by those whose aid they
expected, unable to tell what city might not fall
next, and who might not be roofless, confronted in
the open field by a greater Power, and threatened
by fanaticism with a servile war beneath their feet
—it is amid difficulties such as these that they have
placed great and gallant armies in the field, and ex-
hibit a spirit which suffering and danger only make
more resolute.

Wbat is it that enables a people so small in num-
ber to sustain so great an effort ? There is but one
source of such strength as this that recruits such
armies without bounty or pay,—a sense of right, a
knowledge that their cause is just. The people of
the South are called " rebels ; " it is just because
they are not rebels that they have this strength.
That term misleads many here, still more in the
North, where multitudes of Germans and of Ameri-
cans, credulous of all that accords with interest or
desire, do really believe that they are fighting to
put down rebellion. There are rebels who are en-
gaged in this contest. The people of Western Vir-
ginia have rebelled against the lawful authorities
of their State. They are the only body of rebels ;
and, strange to say, they are on the side of the
North.

The Virginians are in arms, not against a Sove-
reign, but to defend the sovereignty of their State.
They obey the orders of the executive and legisla-
tive authorities under whom they were born, and
under whom their fathers lived before the United
States were heard of. To these their primary alle-
giance and loyalty are due. If the State be in re-
bellion, is Mr. Lincoln a monarch to whom it was
subject, or do the delegates it sends to Congress in-
corporate themselves with others into a Sovereign ?
Is it the Union it rebels against ? But a Union is
simply the condition, the co-relation, in which per-
sons or things exist. Northern imagination may
personify it ; but great States cannot be said to
rebel against a personification. The Union is simply
the juxtaposition of certain political powers, and
when these separate the Union is at an end. The
States that have not moved constitute a new Union,
and against this the others may be at war, but they
cannot be in rebellion against a former condition of
affairs which has passed out of existence.

The Southern States are simply doing what they
had full right to do, and they are strong in this
strength. None can disprove the right of secession
from the Federal partnership when its objects, ex-
pressly stated in the preamble to the Constitution,
are no longer attained. Rowle, a friend of Washing-
ton, and an eminent Northern lawyer, although an
ardent lover of the Union, still, in his work on the
Constitution, describes the right of secession as " an
integral element in all our Federal systems." He is
right ; it is integral, inherent in every Federal sys-
tem that is based on freewill and the sovereignty
of the people. Those who, by evading the facts and
arguments, attempt to deny the right of secession
all of them admit as unquestioned the "right of
revolution." Call it, then, revolution, and it becomes
a right. But men are not rebels]who are doing
what they have a right to do. A revolution over
throws a government and destroys it. To say that
men have a right to do this, but have none to leave
it peaceably, is the same as to say that if two men
live in a house, and one desires to leave it, he has
no right to remove, but he has a right to pull it
down upon the heads of both.
The first partnership of these States broke down
in a few years, the second ends now. A great con-
tinent, large enough for many independent Powers,
is divided by climate and productions into two sec-
tions. Of these, one desires to trade with us, to be
at peace with us, to employ our shipping, to use our
manufactures, to supply materials that we need.
All this it offers by the voice of its ancient and law-
ful authorities who express the unanimous will of
yyseoarlasrgtoe
, , ,0 t
0 hhaavveeah
ut
yen
or
druri
rte
sod r al s 0 ;
Weits people. The oth,e,rysoeuctishall not use European
section steps forward to for-
bid this, and says,
manufactures,
we
can n ot butp eoowuprils: i
h;
it for a
partnership makes you wretched,
regret that the
come, but still we
bat it is a source of wealth and happiness to us.
It is true we have always asserted the sovereignty
and
independence of
such assertions our own States, but we never
intended to be made
when they told
against us. Besides, we are stronger than you and
ng
we shall answer these old rights by crushing you
you
with our greater numbers and power." Such are
the plain facts, and if unaffected by
have avoided to notice them. But it is our duty
to consider whether the most numerous class of
our working men should be reduced to pauperism
under such circumstances as these.
B,

,OBBERY IN TIIE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT.—
Yesterday afternoon two deliberate robberies were com-
mitted in that part of the Houses of Parliament devoted to
the sittings of the committees of the Lords, which, together
with the House of Lords, is now open to the public, and
attracting during the last few days manyhundreds of visi-
tors. As Mr. Parkes, of the Parliamentary Agency firmof
Dyson, Hall, Parkes, Coates, and Shrubsolo, was making
his way through a crowd of crinoline into one of the com-
mittee-rooms, he was relieved of a valuable watch; and a
foreign gentleman in another part of the corridor also be-
came suddenly sensible of the escape of his chronometer.
These robberies, until recently, occurred in the Commons,
but the light-fingered fraternity were effectually scared
away by the presence of vigilant detectives of the A division
in private clothes, and it is probably to their absence in the
Lords that the robberies of yesterday are to be attributed.
The omission, however, it may be mentioned, was supplied
during the day by Superintendent Doran, of the A corps of
the Commons.

THUNDERSTORM.—yesterday after
o'clock, a violent thunderstorm broke 0
• ver
theo metropolis, at four
accompanied by exceedingly heavy Lael down with
name Hailstones also
—or, rather, considerable lumps
non,
egtroeramt fury,
heThe ,
rloiwefri edelvaesltsw.
ner,ly hot, but with brilliantne
part of the day had been exceed! :erfai3, all much flooded. The
an hour. The early
sunshine.
Prevention of the Adulteration. The Act for the
apparently a dead letter, affords a legis.
of Food, although
thes_
salutary operations of our leading
lative stimulus
tot, to pursue quietly and conscientiously
analytical chemists to
vendors of
fraudulent practices amongst the
of edible articles. A gratifying
ti=orpeosiei
metropolitan
c:e
n 1
years,
relative-
working of these intelligent men has just
f xarnpie of the
the presentation of a whole batch
ibyeteinear cerrdtiefidcabres, extending over some fivee
i, 0 the thorough wholesomeness of the articles sold by the
-ision merchant, Mr. Osborne, of Ludgate-hill, whose,
have been selected, amongst others.,
without his knowledge, and have formed the highest
standard of comparison at the various lectures upon
goods,'r°l it would appear,
the Society of Arts and other institutions. This, indeed,
food at
is a recognition that a citizen may well be proud '')f.' and
long may this vendor of pure food enjoy the high reputa-
tion he so
ti;on are the,
fraught with great good, and in its inaugura
justly Merits. The system of such rewards is
elements of the highest usefulness.-00bc.