The Sun.
London, England, 1862-03-20 00:00:00

THE SUIT, LONDON; THURSDAY E TG, MARCH 20, 1862:

THE CIVIL Wilt IN 4111E1tIC.1.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)
WASIIINGTON, MAncil 1.
Well ! we arc not engaged in civil war in Eng-
land, and we cannot judge very well what we might '
do if we were ; otherwise there are things being
done here which might be criticised. Here, for in-
stance, is a movement of troops going on from Wash-
ington to Baltimore and Harper's Ferry, the news
of which would animate the North and strengthen
them very materially; but it is malunz prohibitum
to say a word about it lest the news should reach
the enemy. And does any one believe the enemy
don't know of it quite as well as if all the news
were published? Why, Maryland is full of Seces-
sionists; Baltimore is, perhaps, as full of Confede-
rates as Nashville was. By whatever means the
newspaper intelligence could have been conveyed to
their friends can also be carried the results of eye-
sight and hearing. So fearful are the authorities
of the animosity of their opponents that they do
not venture to leave a furlong of the railway un-
guarded. As I came down the line this evening
there were heavy trains filled with soldiers moving
to Baltimore, and at the station others were drawn
up crammed with men. Caissons and artillery were
shunted in the sidings. All the way to Washing-
ton, in addition to the numerous small pickets posted
with blazing watchfires in front of their tents,patrols
were moving up and down, and a chain of sentries
was established to prevent any evil-minded Seces-
sionist from meddling with the rails. The concen-
tration of troops from Baltimore towards Harper's
Ferry, and the reinforcements sent to Banks, who is
now in full possession of the Confederates' old posi-
tions at the other side of the river, may indicate a
design on the part of Gen. 1112Uie1taa to turn t 1
outlying corps which covered the left flank of the
Confederates at Manassas, and to get down upon
the Manassas Gap Railroad ; but the movement is
not yet developed sufficiently to enable one to
judge whether Banks is going to operate independ-
ently in the valley of the Shenandoah, to the west
of the Blue Ridge Mountains, or whether he is to
move on Leesburg, on the east of the chain, also.
Some are of opinion he has advanced to enable the
Government to restore the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad. If it be true that the enemy were shel-
ling the railway trains near Berlin, which is on the
Maryland side of the Potomac, it is evident they
have not yet withdrawn from the country between
Leesburg and the Kittoetan Mountains, which are
the east of the Blue Ridge chain. The passage of
Banks's columns was effected in very good order
and without any difficulty, and he has now upwards
of 35,000 men in position and in support about
Charleston and Harper's Ferry, with a numerous
artillery and guns, and men fast coming up to his
assistance in case of need, or with the view of
enabling him to complete his portion of the plan of
the advance which has now been determined upon.
Gen. M'Clellan has returned with his Staff from the
scene of operations to Washington, and if the wea-
ther permit it, he will no doubt make a forward
movement on his right next week. But as I have
only just arrived and have not yet visited the camps
I cannot tell what changes have really taken place,
though I hear that Heintzelman, who occupies the
left of the Federal line, in front of Alexandria, and
Fitzjohn Porter, who lay almost on the right of the
winter cantonments of the army of the Potomac
towards Vienna, have moved their divisions. It is
hoped these demonstrations may shake the enemy's
line, and induce him to move out from his supposed
strongly fortified lines near Centreville. He cer-
tainly cannot suffer the Manassas Railroad to fall
into the hands of the Federals without much incon-
venience. The roads are now frozen hard, but a
thaw will turn them into mud, and snow, a fall of
which seems imminent, will render them still less
adapted for the movement of troops. There is much
dispute respecting the strength of the Confederates
at Centreville, and it would surprise me to hear that
they had really 75,000 effective men along that por-
tion of their very long line of defence. It argues
singular confidence in their present officers to let
Beauregard and Sydney Johnson go so far away ; but
General Smith is highly spoken of, and, besides, Mr.
Jefferson Davis is within call, and would, no doubt,
hasten from Richmond, as he did before, in ease of
another attack. It is not likely, however, that a
similar movement in all respects will be made by
the Federals. General M'Clellan is apparently about
to try the dangerous game of combined movements.
However, his plans may be modified by the move-
ments of the Confederates, who must naturally feel
that their excuses for a defensive attitude have
ceased with the menacing advance of their enemy.
It is to the credit of the Federal General that he
has endured with constancy, and so far as I can tell,
without irritation, though not without pain, the at-
tacks of all kinds which have been directed against
him by the press and by politicians. He knows full
well they will be quite ready to hurrah after the cha-
riot wheels of their quondam "Young Napoleon,"
(whom they now describe as a sort of a cross between
Vitellius and Elagabalus) the moment he wins a vie •
tory, and to shout out "There! we always said so."
It is insinuated that he is luxurious, inert, and
incapable, and that he is perverted by Democratic
doctrines; it is declared that he should have
" hurled his legions" here, there, and everywhere,
as if they were cricket-balls, and his accusers have
been free with tongue and pen. Should he fail now
he is in evil cass. It he succeed, none can fix
bounds to the extent of his future career; certainly
not to the praise and honour to be bestowed upon
him. There are people who repeat that the new
Secretary of War, Mr. Stanton, is not satisfied with
General M'Clellan. His despatches, indeed, have
given colour to the statement by their curious
phraseology and by certain innuendoes and implied
contrasts; but I am informed that the Secretary of
War is really a stanch supporter of the General,
and that there is no foundation for these stories.
The popular impression has been produced the other
way, and it was in order to rectify it that some
friend of the General placed words in Mr. Stan-
ton's mouth in praise of the Commander of the
army of the Potomac in the report of proceedings
at a meeting between him and the railway managers
which were repudiated by the Secretary, and have
given rise to comment and correspondence in the
New York papers. As the President now and then
orders a movement, or tells some of his officers, at
least, to perform a particular operation, it may be
conceived the results are not always in accordance
with the programme; but, as a remark generally
applicable to such interference, it may be stated that
the shrewdness and natural sagacity of Mr. Lincoln
are not mere lauded by the naval and military men
who are brought in contact with him from their de-
partments than his desire to make himself acquainted
with the merits and bearing of every expedition and
movement, and the certainty with which he even-
tually grasps the details. He is a fighting man too.
If his.
cot Yen
oatr te knew how broadly and strongly
he
Slidellput d,,_(.'vey nhisfoot on the surrender. of Mason and
vould perhaps like him. all the more,
though he was forced to give way, in spite of the
arguments in ba
a'Preaected State Paper on the sub-
ject. He takes a great interest in the operations in
'Western waters and
the States. By-the-by; that
strong Union sentiment which flamed out so sud-
denly in Tennessee seems
dying out without much
splutter. Commodore Foote
will no doubt rekindle
it with his fleet of mortar
~ -
vessels which are to
,
move down as soon as the toed 1„
under Grant
are ready to co-operate. The United. States have
row no less than fifty-one 13-inch mortars of the
heaviest kind afloat on board as
and cities
many mortar
vessels, and they are daily adding t° these 'ter-
rible means of getting back States
into the Union. But the mortar vessels will a,
their work. 'Wherever the Federals can put a 13-
inch mortar afloat within 3,000 yards of open earth-
works, redoubts, or cities, the day is their own, and
they can settle profit and less afterwards. The navy
is laughing in its sleeve, and, indeed, out of it now
and then, at the army.
They claim as theirs all the
successes of consequence which have been accom-
plished, and it is positively declared by some of the
United States naval officers that the Confederate ge-
neral at Fart Dorenelson offered to surrender to
Commander Dove, 'who was in Commodore Foote's,
place, and that he declined the honour, on the
ground that the offer should be made to General
Grant. On the other hand, their fire did little
damage at Roanoke. A friend of mine, who was

inside after the place fell, says there was only
ono man killed to be found inside the larger wnk.
It is to the troops who took the small work in the
centre of the island that the honour belongs. The
sister services all the world over are animated by a
jealousy more or less wholesome, and pull as well
together almost as the French and English do in an
allied expedition. The flag of truce sent down on
espion to Columbus reports to-day that the Confede-
rates are evacuating the position, destroying their
winter quarters, burning their stores, and removing
their guns, except those in the water batteries. Let
there be no outcry made about this use of the flag of
truce, which has been perverted on both sides. There
is no want of in-stances where it has been similarly
employed in recent wars in Europe. There is a rail-
way from Columbus, which is on the left bank of the
Mississippi, below Cairo, to Memphis, whence there
are railroad communications with the whole of the
Southern and Western States; but the Confederates
were exposed to complete isolation by the recent
successes of their enemy on their flank and rear on
the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers. It is scarcely
credible that they will be guilty of the folly of falling
back on" island No. 10," which lies above Memphis,
in the Mississippi. If they do, a dose of Dahlgren
shot and mortar shells will but induce them to
repeat the capitulation of Donnelson. There was a
strongly situated intrenched camp on the bluffs,
some hours' journey above Memphis, when I was
there, where they could better make a stand, but
their river positions are exposed to be taken in re-
verse, and they will not like to put themselves under
two fires. The Mississippi expedition is now
moving down the river, and the land forces are said
to be in motion also ; nor do the Federals hesitate
to express their conviction that they will be in New
Orlactub In v. ',cry short time after they hove ovei-
come the resistance to be expected near Memphis.
That city was poorly defended by parapets of cotton
bales and some heavy batteries when I was there,
and any attempt to protect it would lead to the
destruction of the place by the fire of the iron-
plated gunboats. These latter are considered to be
a great success. Foote's flagship was struck 61
times at Donnelson, and the iron mail suffered little
though the woodwork was knocked to pieces.
The news which has just arrived that the
Confederates are surrounded by Buell's forces
at Mnrfreesborough is most important, if
true, but granting that there is a railroad
from Nashville, which has fallen into the
hands of the Federals, to that place, it must be by
virtue of great strategical and marching powers
that General Buell has got round his enemy so com-
pletely as to be able to demand their unconditional
surrender. Undouttedly, the possession of that
place would be a heavy blow to the Confederates.
It would apparently throw the whole of the rail-
road into their hands down to the junction with the
Memphis line, cutting off communication with Vir-
ginia, North Carolina, and the Eastern Slave
States, except by a most circuitous route. It is not
I easy to perceive how Beauregard, who is down with
them, can extricate the Confederates if these reports
be correct. He has a formidable adversary in Buell.
The surrender of Nashville was a military necessity ;
but if the Federal Generals had lain on their arms
after their successes, and had given time to the Con-
federates to collect themselves and their energies after
their defeats they might hare given their enemy some
trouble. The negroes are said to have follow ed their
masters. They have not gained by changing them in
other parts of the States "up to the present writing,"
and the accounts from Port Royal and the coast of
North Carolina of their condition continue to be
unfavourable. lam not prepared to accept the
Murfreesborough story, but the telegram will ret it
right or wrong before the Boston steamer sails.
The Confederate Government is by no means pre-
pared to yield Tennessee. It is true Nashville has
gone, and the Cumberland river is in Federal hands,
and the Tennessee river is almost theirs; but the
Confederate Government has called out 22 regi-
ments in the State itself, and West Tennessee is
loyal to the core to the cause of Secession. The
defence increases in desperation as the Federals gain
ground. The surrender of Fort Donnelson is no-
exception to that remark. The causes which led to
it yet remain in obscurity. General Buckner's
statement, that he found himself unexpectedly
in command, does not throw any light on the
other circumstances which induced him to follow
Mack's example at Ulm. The cause could
not have been want of ammunition nor of food,
for it is said that stores of both were found inside
the works. I have spoken to an English gentleman
who conversed with many of the prisoners at Chi-
cago. They told him that, after fighting all day
and inflicting a tremendous loss on the enemy, they
lay on their arms to renew the fight. At dawn they
were ordered to pile their arms by their officers.
They did so without a suspicion on their minds till
the Federal columns appeared marching into the
works. My friend failed to discover any Union
sentiment of which the Chicago papers speak
among the prisoners, whom he describes as rough,
ill-clad, powerful fellows, animated by the most
bitter feelings against the Yankees. If the Con-
federates in Arkansas deliberately poisoned the
provisions left behind them on the evacuation
of Mud Town, so that 42 officers and men
died after eating of them, General Halleck will
be justified in treating such ferocious men with
stern justice. It is to be feared that an inhu-
man and atrocious spirit animates the conduct
of the war in the remote border districts, which
I are far removed from the knowledge or control
of the central authorities. But arson and bridge
and steamer burning are not uncommon in the in-
teri,:r States. It was with difficulty the people of
Nashville prevented the Texans barnin g their beau-
tiful city before they retreated. Meetings of cotton
planters have been held, with the view, it is said,
to an organized incendiarism of any cotton which
may be in danger of falling into the enemy's hands.
However, a Federal officer who proceeded some
days ago up the Tennessee river as far as Eastport,
in the State of Mississippi, below Florence, de-
clares he found "Union sentiment" strongly preva-
lent along the banks, and " Union sentiment" may
mean 25 cents a-pound for cotton. It is significant
that he could get so far in a single gunboat, and
that he could carry away unmolested a quantity
of stores intended for the Confederates from
Clifton, Tennessee. The attention of the Trea-
sury and of Congress has been turned to the ber.,t
mode of cultivating and rearing cotton in the parts
of seceded States in Federal hands, and of re
opening trade with Southern ports. The sooner the
better. The Tax Bill is to be reported by the
Committee of Ways and Means this week. With
its operation will come the solotion of the great
experiment. There is reason to think the Eastern
States will pay their share. But will they pay the
proportion of the 'Western States also in case the
latter declare their inability to do so ? The Ger-
mans in these States roundly say they have saved
the Union, and that is as much as they can be ex-
pected to do. There are thousands in the Western
States exulting in the prowess of their people, who
will use the same arguments, and in some of the
States the inhabitants of large districta will be
found unable, even if willing, to pay their quota.
MONDAY, MARCH 3.
A heavy fall of snow took place yesterday. It
froze hard last night. It is thawing to-day. .An at-
tempt to get across the river, and see how matters
were going on in the
Ve.can,r,, was utterly unsuccess-
foi on my part. .11: thaw had loosened the roads,
and th• ..”,4ecv was churned up with the mud into a
tsVacherous compost varying horn 18 inches to 21
feet on the levels, and any depth you like in it,o
ruts and hollows. The waggons along the road at
the Long-bridge were up to the axles in it, and
the six mules or horses to each con ld scarcely move
them. This disposes of the advance for a day or
two, It was struggling through such mud as this
that
General Landers, the news of whose death
from exhaustion
lie was end reached us last night, expired.
eaveuring I am told, to force his
i
men along in Cont '
Gap, for which he had
of the raid on Bloom-
inge had received such very high
commendation Sramivi
called Paw-paw, in Nves. Stanton
t, and died at a place
bye, one of your contempenr,n rn V. irginia (where, by the
ee describes Burnside's
fleet as operating, to the great amusement of some
overwork American papers), rather from than from
the effect of the wound he Tea •
elved after Ball's
Bluff. His loss will be greatly felt, and "pee
ially

by the "energetic" section of the belligerents. The
lo,ds will prove as grave an obstacle to the Confe.
derates in making any fresh dispositions as they are
to the Federals in their advance. The former are

quite aware of what is coming. Intelligence
from their camps informs us that they have sent
away their sick and women and children, and that
they ate ready to break up cantonments at a short
notice. By this time Mr. Jefferson Davis's Message
has been received in England. The Federals see
in his frank confession of " serious disasters" an

expression of despondency as to the ultimate re-
sult of the struggle, but there is to the neutral eye
no such meaning in the calm admissions which
are rather made the bases of a more strenuous policy
and more vigorous resistance. And in his deter-
mination he is well supported by the " so-called''

Senate of the "so - called" Confederate States,

which on last Thursday passed a resolution that
the Government would entertain no proposition
for peace founded on the exclusion from the Con-
federacy of any of their States, and pledging
themselves to continue the war till the invading
enemy should be entirely expelled from their ter-

ritories. This is the best answer which can be

given to the rumours that proposals to treat had
come in from Mr. Davis, and this measure will
effectually cut the ground from under the feet of
the Democrats of the North, who have been dream-
ing of a Peace Convention and of a reconstruction
of the Union on the old basis. The constancy and
unshaken faith of the Confederate leaders are

worthy of the highest—let us not say a better—
cause. Extracts from the Southern journals, which
are made here to prove the straits to which the Con-
federates are reduced, do but exalt one's opinion
of their tenacity of purpose. Their soldiers are ill-
t,lol an 4hari 1 y armed. Thal,. are ilot wall foci, and.
as to the state of supplies, read this :
" Gold commanded a premium of 40 to 50 per cent.,
and silver 35 to 40 per cent. in Richmond on the 25th
of February. Whisky was worth 2 dols. a gallon for
common and 4 dols. for choice brands. Butter was
421 c. per lb., and sole leather 75c. a pound ; calf-
skins 55 dole. a dozen. Apples in the Richmond
market commanded 15 dols. a barrel."
However, the dollars are in paper. We don't know
what we may come to in paper currency yet, though
France is alive after a paper age in which a man had
to pay I,ooof. (asignats) for a decent dinner, and
half the United States exists after an infancy sus-
tained on paper currency which is not liquidated to
this day. The Confederates are about to appoint a
General Commanding-in-Chief ; they are creating
a navy—where, how, and from what is beyond
our ken ; and their President boasts that he has
400 battalions in the field, with proportionate
forces of cavalry and artillery. Mr. Davis inveighs
strongly against short term enlistments, which
have impaired their ability for successful defence,
and as the Southern papers contain many adver-
tisements for substitutes, at sums varying from
50 dols. to 1,000 dole., it is probable the new levies
called for by the different States, which are said to
be in course of organization, are pressing hardly on
the populations. There is amid all the distress and
discomfiture of the South no sign of repentance,
submission, or fear, any more than there is on the
part of the North any token of weariness, relaxation
or infirmity of purpose. If a correspondent could
multiply himself at this moment he would be ex-
ceedingly useful, as the American papers are now
forbidden to publish any news relating to the war,
except that of such accomplished facts as Govern-
ment may please to communicate; but as Washing-
ton is the centre of the most authentic information,
and as it will be close to it in all probability
that the great battle is to be fought, •it is better
for me to remain here than go on uncertain
missions with expeditions in the West and in
the interior, where the telegraph will far anticipate
written despatches, if, indeed, the latter ever
reached at all. As a proof of the insecurity of the
postal system westward, I may mention that the
despatches between the Navy Department and
Commodore Foote and others in the West have been
mislaid or intercepted on several occasions, and they
rely' principally on the telegraph, the cost of which
to Government is something enormous. This is a
war of lightning—in all except celerity of move-
ment and brightness of flash. But Fort Donnelson
would be a respectable victory in any part of the
world. There was a large " butcher's" bill, and
though no official details have been published, I
have reason to think that M'Clernand's division
lost upwards of 1,300 men in the sortie.
Although Mr. Seward is described tobe somewhat
uneasy on the score of intervention, the relations
between the State Department and the British Le-
gation are more easy than they have been for some
time past, even before the Trent affair, and the
American Minister expresses a regard for Great
Britain which is inconsistent with the opinions
perhaps so erroneously attributed to him. For
myself, I must say that, having had several oppor-
tunities of hearing Mr. Seward speak of Great
Britain, it struck me that at the bottom of his
heart there was a profound respect for the tradi-
tions, literature, and power of England, mingled
with a disposition to regard certain of her institu-
tions as deplorable weaknesses, and that, next to
the favour of his own countrymen, he coveted the
notice of England, and would attract it, if it could
be done in no other way, by a slap in the face. The
letter in which he has renounced all claim to the
Presidency has produced no impression ; but I be-
lieve that if Mr. Seward were in that office, he
would be less hostile to Great Britain than many
of his brother politicians, though he would not
hesitate to encounter any risk except that of war
a l' outrance in defending a pet syllogism or expres-
sing a political paradox in a neatly rounded sen-
tence. It is almoat alarming to see that the Ame-
can papers are beginning to praise Lord Lyons.
To sme which have no sense of shame, dencency
or justice there is a nice appreciation of profit and
loss, and in the face of the published correspondence
they dare not deny to the Minister they had vilified
and abused the credit of fairness, moderation can-
dour, and a sincere desire to maintain peaceable, re-
lations, exhibited at the very time when they were
accusing him of violence, passion, partisanship,
and Secession proclivities, and shouting out for his
dismissal a la Crampton.

.BOMB _PRA.CTICE AT NAPLES.

(From the Correspondent of the Times.)
INTAPLES, MARCH 11.

Thnab practice is just now the order of the day or
rather of the night, for on Saturday, about eight
o'clock in the evening, another was fired inside the
doorway of a house just opposite Santa-Bridgida.
The publicity of the spot 4nd the early hour, when
the streets are usually full of people, show the
great daring of the persons or of the party who
make these attempts at confusion, without, how-
ever, producing any decided results. Happily no
serious accident took place; some of the windows
on both sides of the streets were blown in, the
roof of the passage was torn down, some articles
of furniture in the house were thrown down by
the concussion on a young woman and a soldier
who was passing at the time was slightly wounded,
but no life was sacrificed. In an instant there
were hundreds of people on the spot, and Na-
tional Guards and policemen :turned out with
such promptitude that some were without hats,
others without coats, and many had only their
belts on ; all, in shalt, showing the greatest
alacrity to maintain the cause of order. As
if by magic, the windows of the Toledo were lit up

in a minute, and, as if it were a part of a combined
operation, lamps and candles flared, and flags waved,
while ladies and gentlemen from the balconies
shouted "Viva Garibaldi!" "Viva Vittorio Emma-
naele !" " Death to the Bourbons !" Death to the
Reactionists !" Patrols of National Guards paraded
the streets from 100 to 200 in number, and the
small boys, headed by a strong party of gentlemen,
went from house to house, urging the inhabitants
to put out their flags, and visiting with their wrath
the.c rho wftwed. A tnbacco shop near the Caffe
of Europa, the usual resort of the Codini, was at-
tacked and the windows broken, and the same thing
happened to another house higher up the Toledo in
the Largo di Carita. Some unfortunate persons, too,
who were walking in the Toledo, and who were
suspected of reactionary principles, were beaten by
the excited Liberals, and very fortunate it was that
nothing worse occurred. The agitation continued
till late at night, and so far as demonstrations went,
of which the Neapolitans are passionately fond, all
terminated well. Oa Sunday morning another
bomb, which had not exploded, was found under
the Ponte di Chiaja, and was 'imprudently enough
carried off to the Qurestura, as it would have been
better to leave it with a guard near the spot. Of
course, the public mind is much agitated, and the
object of the Reactionists is fully attained, "ehich
imagine to be to prevent all settlement, and to give
an impression of a secret and widely-spread conspi-
racy against the new state of things; reports have
been flying about,no doubt propagated by the Bour-
bonites, that San Carlo was undermined, but they
deserve no serious attention. However, the spring
campaign has opened both in town and country,
and every one who is not dazzled by lights and
flags, and stunned by shouting, must be sensible
that there is in Southern Italy a disaffected party,
however small, which is not to be put down by call-
' ing it brigands, Bourbonites, Reactionists, or Co-
' dini. The fact exists, and after almost a military
occupation for upwards of a year and much blood-
shed, rebellion or brigandage, call it by what name
.• you like, still crops up.

NAPLES, MARCH 12.

The fifth bomb of the season was fired on Toes
day last, about 7 o'clock in the evening, in the
Strada Caragioello, and, as I witnessed the scene
which followed, I send you an early report of it.
This street leads out of the Toledo in the direction
of the Gesu Nuovo, and the event was the more
startling, as it took place at so early an hour, and
near the principal artery of the city. Some hun-
dreds, if not thousands, of people assembled to-
gether instantly ; the National Guards were on the
ground as quickly, without their unifoams, or with
only the kepi, and, of course, with their muskets ;
and, as on all the other occasions, demonstrations
were the order of the night. Hosts of boys and well-
dressed men perambulated the streets in different
par ties shouting at the very top of their voices " Viva
Garibaldi !" For myself, I heard no other cry, but
doubtless, in some directions, the Sovereign's name
was shouted, and I was told that "A bbassoie Papa!'
and " Norte ai Preti!" were uttered. It cannot be
said, however, that there was any show of the more
respectable among the citizens in the crowd—these
seemed to look on with curiosity, while no incon-
siderable number of rabble were mixed up with
some of the more exalted among the people. The
first party I met carried in their van a full-length
statue of Garibaldi, and the name of the idol was the
only one to be heard; then, after a short interval,
came another party equally excited, carrying the
national flag. All, however, were animated by the
same spirit, and as they passed along they called
for " Lund, lunzir which, from patriotism or fear,
were instantly displayed. The appearance of the
streets was therefore odd enough, for, as the shouts
below rose to the upper stories, the inhabitants
snatched up their oil lamps or wexlights, and,
hurrying to their windows, placed them outside on
their balconies. Some of the houses remained in par-
fe at darkness, either from the absence or the reaction-
ary feeling of the proprietors, and before these the
crowds stopped and hissed, and cried out "iunzi
land!" in one case, certainly, just where I stood,
and I believe in many others, smashing the win-
dows on the order not being complied with. I am
told, too, that many perscns, suspected of not
being ovei -friendly to the Government,were stopped
and beaten. As yet, the persons who fired the
bomb have not been discovered, nor is it likely that
they will be, for the train which is attached is so
long that it may burn several minutes before the
explosion takes place, giving ample time for escape.
It is true that little harm is done by these constantly
occurring events besides the shattering of windows
and the occasional wounding of a passer-by, but
confusion and exaggerated ideas of disorder are the
inevitable consequences; and, what is worse than
all, the excesses of the Liberals themselves. Men
already sufficiently excited are glad enough to dis-
cover some pretence for venting their personal or
political spleen against their opponents, and there
are not wanting in Naples miscreants who take ad-
vantage of the enthusiasm of honest men to urge
them to the commission of illegal acts. Private
orders have therefore been given, very prudently
to disperse assem bin gr. s of any party whatever, and
the authorities are instituting a process against

some of the promoters of disorder on Tuesday night.
The guardians of the public peace have, however, a
very difficult part to play, for while they are deter-
mined on asserting the law, they dare not altogether
check that enthusiasm which is their principal sup-
port against the intrigues of the Boerbonites. As
I have already told you, these attempts to produce
confusion emanate from the committees which are
more or less in connection with, and receive money
from, Rome ; and they are formed of two classes of
persons who, as far as it can be ascertained, are in-
dependent of one another. Thus, while some of the
committees are formed of the pure military element,
members of the old army in ritiro, others are made
up of ex-Neapolitan and Sicilian police and other
malcontents. Such is the result of official investi-
gations, but, of course, there are others from various
classes who go to swell the list of the opposition,
and especially the priestly class. We may expect
to hear many more bombs burst, but it is to be
hoped that we shall hear no more of these demon-
strations ; for they lead to great and shameless ex-
cesses, and are got up by overzealous and injudi-
cious persons, and by men wearing only the mask
of liberalism. Demonstrations, too, have been tLe
order of the day in Sicily, of anti-Papal character,
And priests' hats have been carried ar.d beaten as
tambours in procession. The irritating anti often
illegal action of the ultra-Liberals is, perhaps, ono
of the greatest dangers to which Italy
is exposed ;
and authority will have a difficult game to play in
checking it without destroying enthusiasm.

The Italie of Turin states that a card manufac-
turer at Milan has conceived the idea of making packs, in
which the knaves (the word is not meant in an offensive
sense) represent Masaniello, Balilla, Pietro,
Micca, and
Garibaldi; their chief exploi's being displayed on the four
aces. The four Queens are Blanche of Sicily, Caterina Se-
gurana, Christina of Savoy, and Marie do Medicis ; the
four kings are Berengarius, Amadeus VI., Charles Em-
manuel, and the Ring.

LAW INTELLIGILYCZ—March 19.

EQUITY COURTS.
(Before the Master of the Rolls.)

TILE NATIONAL BANK OF DEPOSIT.

This case came egain before the court upon the
question whether the Marquis of Abercorn was a
director and contributory of the company.
Mr. Rolt and Mr. H. Fox Bristowe appeared for
Lord Abercorn, and Mr. Selwyn and Mr. Roxburgh
for the official manager.
At the conclusion of Mr. Bristowe's argument
his Honour delivered judgment, of which we give
an outline, and which should be taken in connexion
with our report of the proceedings on Monday last.
His Honour thought Lord Abercorn must be con-
sidered a contributory in respect of the £lO5 in-
vestment stock upon which he had received the
dividends. It was not now open to his lordship to
contend that he was not both a director and trustee
for some period which was to be ascertained. Mr.
Wells had so stated, and his lordship's letters (pre-
viously reported) clearly imply that he was a direc-
tor during a certain time. What, then, is the result ?
On his behalf it was urged that he never was a bona
fide holder of stock, and that there was nothing in-
cidental in the office to fix him with liability. Now,
when Mr. Wells asked his lordship to become a
director, he employed his solicitor to make inquiries,
and the issue appearing satisfactory, a letter was
read at the board by Mr. Wells in October, 1853,
asking that Lord Abercorn be made a director, and
which was complied with on October 27th of that
year ; £5OO of the capital stock of the society was
then allotted to him. The fact of this allotment
was never communicated to his lordship, a circum-
stance declared by Mr. Rolt to amount to fraud,
but his Honour could not accede to that notion, as
what was then done was in accordance with the
usual practice of the directors, who did not ask pay-
ment of money from a new director, but opened a
credit for the amount of stock placed in his
name as director. His Honour was of
opinion that when Lord Aborooru authe-
ri3od Mr. Wells to propose him as a direc-
tor, he authorised the directors to do every
act necessary to qualify him as one of their body.
He could not subsequently say they were not so
authorised. Inquiries were made, and the knowledge
that some instrument regulated the company must
be assumed. A certain amount of stock, viz., £lOO,
was requisite to qualify, and the directors were
authorised to transfer that amount as his lordship's
qualification. To that extent they had authority,
but they had none to transfer more than was requi-
site to qualify, and to that extent only did his
Honour consider Lord Abercorn bound as a director.
Further, when his lordship ceased to be a director
it was the duty of the board to transfer out of his
name the amount which they had previously been
authorised to place in it. It must, therefore, be
considered that when his lordship removed his name
they transferred the stock as he would have done
had he known its position. Then as to the £lO5
for directors' fees, which had been drawn in his
lordship's favour from the funds of the society, and
placed in his name in the same amount of invest-
ment stock. This was done without Lord Abercorn's
knowledge, the cheque was drawn in one year and
not dealt with till another had expired. Dividends,
however, upon this stock had been paid to his lord-
ship's bankers, and this circumstance coming to his
notice, had led to inquiries through his solicitor,
which ended in no positive information. But pay-
ment to the bankers—payment was made even after
the inquiries—was payment to his lordship, and
therefore in respect of this £lO5 his Honour thought
Lord Abercorn must be declared a contributory.
What position he would occupy as such contribu-
tory in relation to the other contributories would
be determined when contribution was called for. It
would be an insulated position. His Honour then
noticed the argument on the 45th clause of the
company's act, which he said had been most
ably urged by Mr. Rolt and Mr. Bristowe, and
added that it was the duty of every person becom-
ing, or before becoming, a director of a concern, to
ascertain by what rules it was regulated. He
was put upon inquiry, and if he does not pur-
sue it the consequences fall on himself. The posi-
tion taken up by gentlemen in these matters was
not to be regarded as nominal when it had been
taken as meaning something by those relying on it.
From October, 1853, to 31st December, 1854, his
lordship will be held a director to the extent of
I £lOO stock, with what result his Honour could not
then say, while he must be declared a contributory
as to £lO5.

COURT OF DIVORCE, MARCH 19.
(Before the Judge Ordinary.)
WATTS V. WATTS.
This was the petition of Mrs. Emma Julia Watts,
for a dissolution of her marriage, on the ground of
her husband, Mr. Henry Watts' cruelty and adul-
tery.
The marriage took place in 1849, Mrs. Watts
being at that time a Miss Todd, the daughter of a
solicitor, at Brompton. She had as her fortune a
house worth £l,OOO, which was settled on her. Her
husband was of no occupation, but he had some
small means. The parties lived with Mr. Todd till
1860, when the cohabitation ceased. There were
three children of the marriage. From the first the
respondent's conduct was described as having been
irregular and intemperate ; and it had latterly
grown very bad. He habitually used very gross
language to his wife, and some acts of personal
violence were deposed to by her and her father.
He had also compelled her to raise £lOO on her
house, by threats of turning her out of doors if she
would not consent to do what he wished her.
The adultery complained of was committed with
a woman passing as Mrs. Henry, Mrs. Howard,
and other names, by whom it was stated that he had
had a child.
Dr. Phillimore, Q.C., Dr. Spinks, and Mr. Shaw
appeared for the petitioner. The respondent did not
appear.
The jury found the issue of adultery, but not that
of cruelty for the wife.
Sir C. Cresswell thereupon decreed a sentence of
judicial separation.
HALL V. HALL AND WILLIAMS.
Dr. Deane, Q.C., and Mr. Inderwick were coun-
sel for the petitioner; Dr. Sinks for the respon-
dent. The co-respondent did not appear.
In 1856, Mr. Hall, who was described as a re-
spectable chemist, in Wigmore-street, made the
acquaintance of the respondent, then a widow named
Payne, and he subsequently took her into keeping.
In September, 1857, he was induced to marry her.
At first she behaved very well, but she afterwards
formed the acquaintance of the co-respondent, who
was the friend of a Mr. Payne lodging in the same
house, and no relation of hers.
Emma Jenkins, the servant of the petitioner, said
her mistress had told her on the Thursday before
the great volunteer review in Hyde-park that
Williams would send her tickets, and also come to
see her on the following Sunday. He accordingly
came at between seven and eight in the evening.
They saw him in the street, and the respondent
said to witness, " There's Williams standing in the
street. He is afraid to come in. Run and tell him
that Mr. Hall is out." Witness did so, and
Williams came in. The respondents went into the
drawing-room, and then into Mr. Payne's roam.
Mr. Payne came in, and they proceeded to the
apartment of Mr. Zinc, another lodger. They had
coffee together there, but Mr. Zinc also returned
home, and on hearing him arrive they rushed into
a room up stairs. Mrs. Hall then came down stairs
to witness, and told her to let Mr. Williams out
while she occupied Mr. Payne's attention. Witness
brought Williams down to the kitchen, and fetched
Mrs. Hall. She said that Mr. Payne had kissed
her, that Williams was very angry about it, and
that she had told him he might kiss Payne's kisses
off if he liked. A few days after this Mr. Hall had
a friend with him, and west out for the evening.
Mrs. Hall sent for Williams, and he came at about
half-past eight. He went into the kitchen to the
respondent, and witness left them together, for
Mrs. Hall said she might go up stairs if she liked.
In an hour or an hour and a half afterwards witness
returned, and
in when she was half way down stairs she
saw in a looking-glass the reflection of the respon-
dents an improper position. Some time after this
she gave witness half a crown, which she said a
gentleman had sent her. She said that the gentle-
man had taken her to an hotel, and had wanted
her to go to bed with him, but that she had re-
fused. She stated that she bad stayed with him
from five till half-past seven, and that he had given
her half a sovereign. Mrs. Hall afterwards went to
Ramsgate ; but before then she had given witness
notice to leave, on account of some words she had
had with her.
Cross-examined—Loft on the 17th of November,
in consequence of Mrs. Hall's dismissal of her. Mrs.
-Hall also left on that day. On the following Mon-
day witness returned to Mr. Hall's, and lived there
till the following May. Had since lived at a dress-
maker's named Jenkins—not a relation of witness.
The Sunday before Mrs. Hall went to Ramsgate
Mr. Hall said he would have a divorce. Was now
living at Mr. Hall's, nursing the child of Mrs. Ed-
wards, the sister of Mr. Hall. Had never had any
one to visit witness there. Knew Mr. Andros; he
visited Mr. Payne. He had been criminally inti-
mate with witness; but Mr. Hall never had. Would
swear that. Was now 20 years of age.
Mrs. Edwards said that she was telegraphed for
by her brother on the 17th of November, and was
present at an interview between him and his wife.
She went down on her knees and said she would
confess all if he would forgive her. Ile replied
that nothing should induce him to look over her
fault, and that he would get rid of her. She admit-
ted that she had been with Col. Elkinhurst, and
that she had met another bentleman by appointment

on London-bridge. Mr. Hall had mentioned Mr.
Williams' name in respondent's presence. She
passed the night in witness's room, and left the
house on the neat day but one.
Mr. liAndall' the petitioner's .olicitor, proved
that when Mr. Hall charged his wife with adultery
with Williams and Colonel Elkinhurst, she turned
to Jenkins, who was present, and said, "Oh, Ellen,
what have you been telling ? You have ruined me."
She then begged for forgiveness, but she said she
had not committed the offence imputed to her.
Could not find any such person as Col. Elkinhurst
in the Army List or the Directory.
Dr. Spinks contended that the alleged admissions
went no further than a confession that his client
had been indiscreet. As for the evidence of the
girl Jenkins, it was not worthy of confidence, con-
sidering her own character.
The jury found for the petitioner.
THomPsoN v. THOMFSON AND BARRAS-ANOTHER