The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-13 00:00:00

FRANCE.

BOURSE, Aug. 12.—The market has recovered
some little buoyancy, and a fair amount of business
has been transacted at a slight improvement in
prices, Threes, for the Account, being now at 68f.
80c. The Railway Share Market has been also
firmer. The market closed as follows
4t per Cents. 9B Bank Shares 3170
Do end month.... Crddit 1 oncier 1227 50
3 per Cents
Do. end month 6B 80 Italian Loan 7O 55
New 3 per Cents ..
.=
..... Roman
Credit Mobilier.... 810 spani,h Threes _ .._
Do. end month.... 845 , flume Debt

thorities. It was supposed, and very loudly trum-
peted abroad by the Russian agents, that the nomi-
nation of the Grand Duke Constantine to the post
of Viceroy, and his presence here, would be a fore-
runner of the mitigation of the sufferings entailed
on the Poles, and lead to many reforms in the
actual system. Alas what a sad disappointment
At the moment I write these lines we hear of no-
thing else here but arrests, court-martials, and a
new organisation of secret police. What cheering
prospects for the future after more than ten months
of the state of siege. The most revolting occur-
rence is the arrest of Madame Zaleski, who,
whilst in her bed, with a friend staying in the
house, had been pounced upon by the police in the
dead of the night, compelled to dress before them,
as well as her friend, and both carried to the cita-
del, where they still remain. The servants shared
the same fate, and the only being that was left
behind was an orphan child, whom Madame Za-
leski took under her protection. Such a proceed-
ing can only be characterised as eminently barba-
rous, for to wage a war with defenceless women
is most derogatory to the dignity of man. And
is it to be wondered at that such conduct on the
part of the Government should not provoke vio-
lent and even criminal attempts, of which War-
saw has recently been the theatre ? The Govern-
ment, instead of quieting, irritates the people, and
drives them almost to despair. Every allusion as
to the new reforms being introduced, and so
much made of in some papers published in France
and England, has vanished away and the confidence
in the many promises is completely destroyed.
These so-called reforms only figure on paper,
and the Government never dreams of carry-
ing them into effect. In lieu of them, the remo fel-
ling of the police has been executed with a marvel-
lous rapidity, and the agents ran a race one with
another as to who are to bring the first victim. To
arrest one person, swarms of policeme❑ and gend-
armes proceed to, and surround the house, and if
they fail to discover the suspected individual they
then lay a perfect siege to the adjoining houses
until they have succeeded in their mission. In this
manner many have been arrested, chiefly among
the workmen in different manufactories. Besides
those, others have been imprisoned, viz., Mr. Peter
Braclowski, Professor of the College at Kobbiola,
Mr. Broneslas Gruczynski, a public functionary,
and three students, ZAborowski, Kuczynski, and
Kioskowski. All the pupils of the preparatory
school in Warsaw, at the very moment of their de-
parture for the forthcoming vacation, have been
stopped, and none is allowed to leave the metro-
polis. The same arbitrary order has also been ex-
tended to the Professors, all of whom are stupified
and annoyed beyond measure. The reason for this
sudden edict is the imaginary conspiracy invented
by the police, at the suggestion of the higher
authorities, in order to have a pretext for continu-
ing the oppression, and an excuse before the public
opinion of Europe to act as they do. But even this
abominable trick cannot last long, for Europe knows
that there is no occasion for plots and conspiracies,
as the whole country from one end to another con-
spires mostly by proclaiming loudly the tyranny
and bad faith of their Muscovite rulers ; and but for
the dignity and prudence with which the majority of
the nation manifest these feelings, Poland would
have ere long been driven to acts of frenzy and
despair.

Nothing can be more injurious to the national
caase than these constant rumours of conspiracy,
which can easily be traced to the German press,
ever so inimical to the Poles, and to the telegrams
circulated over Europe by the Russian agency.
The public in England should know from what
manufactory those telegrams proceed.
In my last I mentioned to you the pith of
the official report presented to the municipality on
the prisons of Warsaw. This document has startled
every one here, and it was believed that in its own
interest the Government would allow it to be pub-
lished, as it showed in its true light the never- to-
be-forgotten presidents who used to fill it with the
prisoners, Generals Pilsudzkoj and lirzysanowskoj.
However, such is not the case, the President of the
municipality has, instead of praise, received a severe
reprimand for the appearance of this report.
A levee of recruits in Poland for the Russian
army is announced to take place on tho lot October
next, and is to be carried out without regard to the
men being married and having a family, among the
artisans and factory workmen chiefly. We may
well expect some horrible scenes, and perhaps, also
a great resistance.

It is said that the Council. of State are preparing
a law with a view to the increase of taxation which
already weighs so heavily upon the people. The
duty on stamps which affects most all the classes is
be doubled.

A sum of 300,000 roubles has been ordered from
the Public Treasury for the repairs of the Royal
Castle, in which the Grand Duke Constantine is to
take his winter quarters. Surely his Imperial
Highness in the midst of the prevailing poverty in
Poland might put up with his present elegant and
comfortable residence in the Palace of Belvedere.
A rumour circulates here that the Russian Go-
vernment gave orders to arrest 22 Russian gentle-
men, who are now abroad, as they re-enter the
Russian frontier on their way home, One is at a
loss to understand such an order ; but some think
that it has a connection with the wide conspiracy
in Russia.

The popularity of the Marquis Wielopolski is fast
diminishing, even among his own sycophants—and
his influence with the Grand Duke Constantine has
been very much shaken. Others, among whom is
Count Chreptouisy, the late Russian Ambassador
in London have arrived to form a sort of secret
council, and to advise his Imperial Highness on all
state matters.

GARIBALDI'S 1120 YEMEN TS.
The ltioniteur has the following on the affairs of
Sicily :

"A manifestation which was to have taken place
at Palermo, in favour of Garibaldi, has completely
failed before the good sense and calm attitude of
the population. In the interior of the island the
bands become weaker and weaker by desertions,
the volunteers dispersing in great numbers, and
demanding passes to return to their homes. All
the Italian journals, with the exception of the
Mezzinian organs, deelare themselves with patri •
otic indignation against this levy of bucklers
of the ex-dictator. The words attributed to
Garibaldi are published with the most ener-
getic blame by nearly the whole of the Italian
journals. It is true that no official confirma-
tion has yet been received of the incredible
harangue attributed to the General at his camp
of Rocca-Palomba, and the despatch itself which
transmitted it did not appear very positive as to the
correctness of the words given. Details and inci-
dents, however, are not wanting to enable an opinion
to be formed of the tendencies of the Garibaldian
enterprise."

The France publishes the following :—" The news
from Italy continues very grave. Garibaldi, by an
order of the day, dated from his head-quarters, has
given to the forces he has eolleeted the title of
Army of Italian Independence.' He announces
his early arrival in the kingdom of Naples, and de-
clares that great events will be accomplished at no
distant date."

A Palermo journal publishes the two following
letters, which prove the excitement of the public
mind in that city :
`' Valorous Captain of the People' The country
calls her children to the defence of her proper right
—the completion of Italian unity. Under that in •
spiration I voluntarily offer you my three sons,
Marius, Nicolas, and Joseph Palmieri, to whom I
give my blessing. " ROSALIE PALMIERI.

Garibaldi replied as follows :
" Most valorous Mother,—l accept, moved and
grateful, the offer which you make to me of your
three sons, and I an persuaded that the country will
know how to appreciate the noble sacrifice, and that
other Italian mothers will follow your example.
When the hour shall come, tell the three sons to
whom you have given life, that I expect them in
order to be their father and companion. yours

heartily, " GARIBALDI."
A Turin correspondent of the Debats, writing oi,
the 9th says It is said that Garibaldi's inten-
tion is to cross over to the main land and march on

Rome by the mountains. Hitherto the regular
army has shown no disposition whatever to join
him, and I have only heard of one, a sub-lieute-
nant, having deserted. It is even asserted that the
spirit of the army is very decided, and that it will
do its duty in all circumstances. To explain Gari-
baldi's conduct, some say that he expected the army
to join him ; others, that he hoped France would
abandon Rome. A third party offers another es-
planation, saying that the movement is combined
for the purpose of demonstrating the necessity of
giving Rome to Italy, if it is wished to stop the
progress of the revolution. Such, in fact, is the
view taken by the clerical journal, the Armenia. I i
do not pretend to say which of these conjectures s
nearest the truth ; I only relate what I hear from
those around me. The fact is, that common sense
will not suffice to give any reasonable explana-
tion of Garibaldi's enterprise. It is evidently
directed against Rome, where there is a French
army possessed of a moral and material force
respecting which there can be no illusion. Some
persons pretend that the Mazzinian party, having
learned that the Roman question was near its
solution, were unwilling to allow the monarchy
to claim the honour of the achievement, and got
up this movement to secure it for themselves.
However this may be, it is a fact that the Mazzi-
nians are organising manifestations everywhere.
They have even made the attempt here, but two
gendarmes who happened to ba passing sufficed to
put it down. It will probably be renewed to-,mor-
row. It seems that the mcst active members of
the Genoa Committee have come here for the pur-
pose_ The Dtritto of this morning pretends that M.
Mordini and his friends have no official missioz,
and have never been in communication with the
Ministers. All that may be literally true without
the contrary being absolutely false. Such missions
have always a spontaneous and ostensibly unautho-
rised character."

Another letter from Turin, in the &sole, says--
" The road which Garibaldi is taking in the midst
of the mountains is that which will lead him to
Taormina, where he doubtless reckons on be:,n,7
able to embark for the Calabrias. This n-Atirch.
across Sicily, in the most dreary part of t}-4e coun-
try, can be comprehended, whereas the
descent of
the volunteers towards Girgenti can (Ally lead to
the embarkation of a few hundre?AS of them on
board of some steamer. In reality the Government
has received no positive Dews, w-nich shows that the
telegraphic lines are interrupted in several places.
I am informed that Colonel Nullo and 50 of his com-
panions, who hard Leen interdicted from landing at
Palermo, have, succeeded in reaching another point
on the coast, and that they are on their march LO
join Garibaldi,"

THE WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, AUG. 13.
The Royal Mail Company's steamer Atrato, with
the above mails, has arrived. She brings 135 pas-
sengers, 739,322 doffs. in specie, and 2,161 packages
of merchandise.

It was reported from Carthagena that 7,sroaquera,
had marched on the Cauca with 10,000 men.
A body of Antioquianians nad erite'red the town
of Mariquita, but were afterwards repulsed.
Mosquera had issued a decree declaring Antioqui&
in a state of blockade, and prohibiting all traffic
therewith.

Business in Peru had improved. The elections
were over, and the entire country was quiet. Con-
gress was to be installed on the 28th ult. It was
expected that the Vice-Presidency and the Mexican
question would be debated during the session.
No hopes were entertained of saving the British
ship Rothsay, which Went ashore on the southern.
coast on the sth of June.

At Valparaiso exchange on London was quoted
451 d. per dollar; freights; 80s. to 85s. per ton.
The weather at Barbadoes was favourable for the
crops, which promise good returns. The crop of
Indian corn was very fine. Provision market dull.
Irish butter fetches 23c. per lb. Exchange at 90
days', 4871.

Trade at Demerara continues dull, and without
prospr_ct of improvement until the termination of
the American war. Produce is scarce and tonnage
abundant. Freights for sugar to London and
Liverpool, 2s. to 2s. 3d. Exchange on London, 90
days, 476. Colonial Emigration Bonds, 2 pre'
mium.

Business at Jamaica is dull, and native provisions
scarce. Weather intensely hot. The quarterly
returns of revenue to June 30 show an increase of
£16,479 compared with the corresponding period Of
last year. Tonnage abundant. Sales of rum, 28'
for proof, ls. 6d. in bond. Sugar, 14s 6d. to 175.,
according to quality. Exchange, 90 days, 1 Per
cent.

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING TIIO

WEEK.

(From the Registrar-General's Weekly Return.)
The number of deaths registered in London in
the week that ended on Saturday was 1,181. The
average number (corrected) for corresponding weeks
in 10 previous years, 1852-61, was 1,312. The
number in the present return was less by 131 than
it would have been if the average rate of mortality
for the beginning of August had prevailed.
Diarrt,saa continues slowly to increase; it was
fatal last week in 89 cases. A larger proportion Of
these occurred in the Western group of districts
than in any other metropolitan division. Besides
the 89 deaths classed under diarrhoea, 18 wore re'
ferred to cholera, chiefly "cholera infantum.." In
Wick-road, Hackney, a fringe- maker,aged 58 years'
died of" cholera," after three days' illness. In Nei
North-street, Shoreditch, a woman, aged 76, died
of " choleraic diarrhoea." At Raven-terrace, Mile"
end Old-town, a woman, aged 44 years, died of
" cholera biliosa," after 52 hours' illness. At 54t
Underwood-street, Mile-end New-town, a farrier,
aged 75 years, died of " cholera Asiatica" after one
day's illness. The medical attendant describes the
last case as " very well marked." There were
deaths from smallpox in the week, and 55 from
measles. Four fatal cases of the latter disease oc-
curred in Somers-town, four in the sub-district of
St. James, Clerkenwell, six in Haggerstone East'
It prevails chiefly in the east districts, and there
appears to be but little of it on the south side of tbs
river. Scarlatina, which was fatal in 72 cases, nurn"
bered nearly a third part of these in the east divi"
sion. It carried off seven children in Kensingtoa,
A woman died at the age of 96 years.
Last week the births of 883 boys and 874 girlsiin
all 1,757 children, were registered in London. 14
the 10 corresponding weeks of the years 1852-6.1
the average number (corrected) was 1,765.
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mesa
height of the barometer in the week was 29.587 in'
The reading rose to 2993 in. on Sunday, and fell t°,
29 19 in. on Thursday. The mean temperature 01
the air in the week was 59.7 deg., which is 2.3 deg'
below the average of the same week in 43 years Os
determined by Mr. Glaisher). The mean daily teal-
perature was below the average on every day
cept Tuesday. The highest day temperature and
the lowest night temperature occurred on the sal°
day, viz., Sunday ; they were respectively 76'8 deg'
and 48.7 deg. The range of the thermometer was'
therefore, 28.1 deg., both on that day and in the
week. The mean daily range was 19.9 deg. Thee
difference between the mean dew point temperature
and air temperature was 7.6 deg. The mean degree
of humidity of the air was 78, complete saturation
being represented by 100. The wind blew generally
from the southwest. The mean of the highest tern'
perature of the water of the Thames was 66'5 deg.,'
the mean of the lowest was 64.3 deg. A thernTott.,
tcr in the sun rose to 123 deg. on Sunday and A ich
day. Half an inch of rain fell in the week, of
nearly half fell on Thursday. The remainder
fell
on Sunday, and in smaller amounts on three oiler
days.

THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.'—The
great plea of the Exhibition season was decided yesterdaY,
inh favour of the Commissioners. Mr. Head, a season tick
older, had summoned them to the county court for olds
breach of contract in reducing the price of season tickets
to,.
.1a advanced period of the season. The plaintiff clainied
have returned to him £4 155., the price of two tickets a_o.
costs, and after a full hearing the judge decided for the deo
fendants, ruling that they had a perfect right to alter th
prices of admission to the Exhibition at ;their discretion.
third