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London, England, 1853-07-21 00:00:00

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LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 21, 1853.

THE EASTERN QUE

'ION.

( From the Times. )

The latest intelligence received rom Constanti-
nople is of the 9th inst., and it co firms the state-
ment already transmitted to us by the telegraph,
that on that day the Grand Vizier and Reschid
Pasha, the Minister for Foreign Ifffairs, had been
dismissed from their respective oil es. The diplo-
matic body were taken by sur ise when this
f.
announcement was conveyed t < them, for the
change does not seem to have
,iginated in any
political cabal of foreign powers, o indeed, in any
to definite modification of internal licy. It was
explained, as far as we have been le to ascertain, 1
by the will of the Sultan, whothought he had
reason to complain of the rivalry d personal dis-
sensions of his Ministers, and why; had thereupon
resolved to supersede the Gran Vizier, and to
replace Reschid Pasha by Ali asha, the same
who was Minister for Foreign Agairs in the au-
tumn, and has just been recalled m the govern-
ment of Smyrna. A few homt consideration,
however, served to convince t Sultan of the
danger and inconvenience of su a modification
in the executive government at s 11 a crisis ; espe-
cially as it was Ali Pasha who w involved in the
I
late disturbance at Smyrna, and he is consequently
on indifferent terms with the Austrian Govern-
ment. His Highness resolved, the afore, to revoke
his decision, and before the closi of the day the
Ministers were reinstated in their places.
The next mail will probably briel us the protest
of the Porte against the occupatil of the Princi-
palities, and its public reply to the Russian mani-
festo. At the same time, it was understood that
a proclamation would be issue(' to pxplain to the
Turks the existing relatirStis ,of tb.eir Government
with the Christian Powers ; for, as we observed a
few days ago, in the eyes of a Mussulman a Chris-
tian friend is but one step removed from a Christian
foe, and the aggressions of Russia are scarcely
more offensive to the true believer than the pro-
tection of England and France. These feelings
are now so strongly excited in many parts of the
Turkish Empire, but especially in Constantinople
and in the European provinces, that we should be
in no degree surprised at any violence they might
display. The Sultan himself, and the more en-
lightened members of the Divan, who have laboured,
and are still labouring, to connect the Ottoman
Empire with the family of Christian States and the
international relations of Europe, are objects of
suspicion, perhaps of hatred, to the bigoted Turkish
party, who conceive, not perhaps without reason, that
their existence as a nation is inseparably connected
with the ferocity and intolerance of their race.
They feel that there can be, after all, no compromise
between principles so dissimilar and religious senti-
ments so opposed to one another. Wherever the
Mussulman creed ceases to predominate it soon
ceases to exist ; and it ceases to predominate
wherever its ascendancy is not supported by the
rigour of absolute power and military force. Such
was the termination of the Moorish occupation of
Spain, which lingered for a few years only after the
conquest of Grenada, and then died away. Such
will one day be the fate of the Ottoman race in
those fertile provinces in which the domination of
a barbarous master is barely tolerated by the great
majority of his subjects, though it is still treated
as a necessary evil by the Christian Powers.
The Porte itself is without the power to execute its
own decrees of toleration, and it labours in vain to
impress on its inferior officers the spirit of its own
concessions. For although those concessions have
by no means relieved the Christian population of
Turkey from all the evils it has to endure, they
have sufficed to kindle the fiercest resentment among
the extreme Turkish party, and the appeal which
has recently been made by the Porte, in self-de-
fence, to the martial spirit of the army and the
Redif or militia (in which no Christian is suffered
to bear arms) has, of course, given greater intensity
to these passions of religion, national pride, and race.
The Turks are still a warlike people. Their sway
over the European provinces of the empire may
still be preserved for a time by theassistance of the
fierce and fanatical Asiatic tribes. a, But it is easier
for them to comprehend the duty of resistance at
all hazards and all, risks than the nice provisions
by which the diplomacy of highly-civilised and
pacific communities heals a wound or allays a
quarrel.
It is, then, a question at this moment whether
the present Turkish Government and the Sultan
himself will be able to maintain thit course of
moderation and forbearance which they have
adopted on the recommendation of their European
allies ; or whether the fact that the territory of the
empire has been invaded, and that negotiations ar
still going on, will not provoke an explosion of
resentment among a party which undoubtedly re-
presents the strongest feelings of the Mussulman
faith and of the Turkish nation. It cannot be
denied that considerable anxiety is entertained on
this point ; and it is one of the most odious and
distressing consequences of the assumed protectorate
by the Emperor of Russia of the Christian popula-
tion of Russia that he unquestionably placed the
Rayahs in the provinces and even the Christians at
Constantinople in a position of considerable danger.
We have no doubt that the Turkish Government
will take all the means in its power to repress, or
rather to prevent, any such outbreak, and the
more so, because the Liberal party in the Turkish
Government would be the first victims, in the event
of the success of the war party. But, in appealing
to the religious passions of his own subjects in re-
gard to the Eastern Church in the dominions of
another Power, the Emperor Nicholas ought to
have remembered that he inflamed to an equal de-
gree the passions of a nation and a creed even more
intolerant than those of Russia; and the deplorable
effects of that manifesto will be felt far beyond the
boundaries of the Russian Empire. We have no
security that the Porte will be able to control
these feelings of bigotry and resentment among its
subjects—we have no certainty that the Sultan will
not be prevailed upon to make some further change
in his Ministry as suddenly as that which he at-
tempted on the 9th of July. Either alternative
might lead to very alarming consequences, and at
the present moment the maintenance of tranquillity
at Constantinople is at least as essential as the
adoption of fresh terms of negotiation at St.
Petersburgh.

[PRICE SD.

PARLIAMENTARY comiIIITTEES.

Sargon defeats the King of Gaza, then subject to Egypt;
where he receives the tribute of Pharaoh of Egypt ;
where the King of Ashdod flies to Egypt, then subject
to Meroe in Sennacherib's campaign in Palestine • and THE DURHAM ELECTION PETITIONS WITHDRAWAL.
in the titles of Esarhaddon. In all these cases the' cor-
—The select committee, of which Sir Frankland Lewis
rect orthography is Musuri. If this be true, the other
was the chairman, appointed to inquire into the circum-.
stances under which the petitions against the return of
notices hitherto applied to Egypt 'must indicate some
other place to the north of Assyria. Thus, in the ac-
Mr. Atherton and Mr. Granger, have reported that the
count of the building of Khorsabad, the words, " after prayer of the petition under consideration was palpably
i
the fashion of Egypt," must mean, in reality, "in the illusory, and presented the remarkable anomaly of the
direction of Musr" (" the mountains above Nineveh" opponents of a candidate praying that ho might be
being sometimes added). Again, although „ horses,' duly elected. That Mr. Coppock, who adopted the
responsibility of this form of petition, stated it to be,
are certainly indicated in the tribute of Egypt given to
11l his opinion, the only means of putting an end to a
Sargon, and although that monarch speaks of " horses
of Musr" among his especial trophies, he must refer petition which he believed to be frivolous and vexatious,
and which means he considered to be rendered necessary
to this northern region. The most important ques-
tion, however, refers to the tribute of Musr given in consequence of the course adopted by Mr. Brown ;
to Deleboras, in the third panel of the Nimroud obelisk. that the committee regard with much disapprobation
an attempt made on the one side to get rid of opposition
The objects enumerated in the epigraph are " double-
to a candidate by the threat of a petition, and on the
backed camels, oxen of the river Irkiya, elephants, hei-
other the defeat of that petition by presenting another,
fern (?), monkeys, and baboons." Colonel Rawlim3on
the prayer of which was avowedly fictitious and illusory,
states that he had always hitherto supposed the Irkiya
and calculated to interfere with the rights of the consti-
to be the Erchoas of Upper Egypt. The Tiglath-?ileser
cylinder contains, however, a detailed account of the tuency by inducing Parliament to delay the issue of the
conquest of Musr by the Assyrian king, with a list of writ. The committee are of opinion that the state of
forty countries which he overran in Northern Syria, the the law, which permits the valuable right of 'petitioning
names of which are for the most part obscure, perhaps to be perverted from a remedy for public wrong into a
because they belonged to Scythic tribes. Of these, fif-
weapon of electioneering warfare, deserves the serious
THE DOCKYARD COMIMITTEE.—The members of this
teen appear to have been situated to the east of the consideration of the house.
Euphrates, in and about the Taurus ; the remainder to
house on the case of Lieut. Engledue.
the west of the Euphrates and the shores of the Me,di-
committee met yesterday to consider their report to the
terranean. After overrunning these countries, Tiglath-
DECIMAL COINAGE.—This committee have concluded
Pileser attacks the Hittites, and takes Carshemish, which
was at that time apparently on the left bank of the
their inquiry, and recommend, it is understood, in their
Euphrates ; and immediately after this follows the ex-
report, the adoption of a system of decimal coinage.
pedition against Musr. In describing afterwards the WORCESTER AND HEREFORD RAlLWAY.—Yesterday
extent of his dominions, he mentions the Mediterranean the committee, of which Lord Overstone was chairman,
as his western liMit, and the Lower Zab as his eastern. passed the preamble of this bill, promoted by the London
On these grounds, Col. Ravvlinson now thinks that and North-Western.
Muss represents Persian Armenia. " In- conclusim—COT. - . - - --'.--
Rawlinson gives it as his opinion that Nineveh was not
built till about B.C. 1000, Alassar, or Kalah-Sherghat,
being the original capital ; that Babylon appears for the
first time on the Nimroud obelisk, and is then only men-
tioned as a town ; and that the name which he and Dr.
Hincks have hitherto read " Kar-duniyas" is, after all,
nothing else than the Biblical Shinar.
Mr. Birch read an interesting letter from Mr.
Colnaghi, jun., secretary to Mr. Newton, her Majesty's
vice-consul at Mytilene, in which he states that Mr.
Newton has been busily occupied in collecting inscrip-
tions in the island of Rhodes, and that he has just
started, accompanied by Mr. Finlay, of Athens, on a
visit to Cos, Patrnos, and Scio. It can hardly be
doubted that so able an investigator as Mr. Newton
will find many objects of interest to reward his re

THE CAMP AT CIIOI3IIAM COMMON.

At length a favourable change in the weather has
permitted the troops to depart from that state of inglo-
rious rest in which for several days they had most un-
willingly indulged, and to satisfy their military ardour
in the search for laurels on the bloodless heather of the
plains of Chobham. The four days of repose, damp and
uncomfortable though they have doubtless been, which
the present forces have enjoyed since their arrival, do
not appear to have been lost on them, if we may judge
from the manner in which they went through their evo-
lutions yesterday and the previous day. So far from
their energies having been damped, by the continuous
rain, the showers of Chobham appear only to have invi-
gorated their spirits, and made them, like "giants re-
freshed," ready for the performance of any duty. We
do not pretend to that amount of technical knowledge
in military details which would enable us to form an
accurate critical judgment as to the relative merits of
the present or the former troops, nor would it be fair
to compare the performances yesterday or on the pre-
vious day with the more finished evolutions of the pre-
vious division. The predecessors of the present forces
presented an admirable example of discipline and effi-
ciency, and in the opinion of persons competent to
form an opinion on the subject, the troops now on the
ground are not one whit behind them in any respect.
Certainly, the manner in which the troops went throng h
their movements yesterday was satisfactory in the ex-
treme, and won the applause and admiration of the
spectators as well professional as non-professional. Apart
from the detailed movements yesterday, the whole plan
of the operations was conceived and carried out with
the ability of a master mind, and with an amount of
strategic knowledge equal, if not superior, to anything
which Lord Seaton had yet devised. The enemy were
to be driven from a strong position, partially repulsed,
and, forming under cover of a thickly-wooded planta-
tion, they were to beat back the whole of the attacking
forces.

searches. - -
Mr. Birch also communicated to the society some cu-
rious results of the late visit to M. Gu4rin to the island
of Samos. It appears that M. Garin spent six weeks
there, during which time he was able to explore it very
thoroughly, and to discover the mountain which Hero-
dotus (iii. 60) mentions was cut through by Eupalinus,
of Megara. M. Gu4rin made several excavations, and
cleared away enough rubbish to enable him to pass along
the ancient tunnel more than 500 paces.
A portion of a paper by Mr. Greenwood, "On cer-
tain Epochal Periods of Papal History," was then read.

1-/'

LOSS OP THREE SHIPS.--HORRIBLE SUFFER
INGS AND PRIVATIONS.

By the ship Woolloomooloe, which arrived in the
river yesterday from Sydney, after a rapid voyage of 87
days, we here of the loss of three English ships—the
Duke of Wellington, bound to Port Philip ; the Emma,
last from San Francisco for Sydney, with 72 passengers
on board ; and the barque Caldew, bound from Sydney
to San Francisco. The wreck of the first-mentioned
ship—the Duke of Wellington—took place on Cape Lip-
trop (Australia), on the night of the sth of last April,
during a gale of wind ; and, by the aid of the life-boats,
all hands were saved. That of the Emma occurred at
Tongataboo, where she had put in to procure provisions
and water, and whild at anchor a heavy gale of wind
drove the ship ashore on some reefs where she became a
total loss. The crew and passengers were saved by the
natives without loss of life, who throughout acted with
good feeling. The passengers still remained on the island
when the last accounts were sent off, the master Capt.
Cresswell, being unable to charter a vessel for their con-
veyance to Sydney. The loss of the other vessel—the Cal-
dew—Captain Snow, master, was accompanied with
melancholy circumstances, a number of the crew
having, it is feared, perished in the boats from
starvation. The ship was lost on a sunken reef
in the Pacific, in latitude, by observation, 6.21
N., by chronometer, 161 43 W. (the chart showing no
dangers in that locality). It occurred on the afternoon
of the 20th' of last January, the weather extremely fine,
scarcely a ripple being perceptible to indicate the exist-
ence of the reef. All hopes of getting the vessel off
being dispelled, preparations were mode for abandoning
her, and the crew commenced to fit and provision the
boats ; this was done, so as to be in readiness for leaving
at any moment, as it was not their intention to leave the
wreck so soon, but seeing how rapidly she was breaking
up, the threatening appearance of the weather—the
heavy swell rendering it difficult to keep the boats from
being knocked to pieces alongside—the immediate aban-
donment was ultimately thought the wisest plan, the
long-boat having already been driven by the rollers in
contact with the wreck, thereby seriously damaging her.
At 5.30 p.m. (Jan. 21) the two small boats were cast
off ahead, to tow the long boat clear of the reef, and at
6 all three made sail, .and their perilous voyage corn-
menced. It soon became dark and cloudy, with heavy
swells—the two smaller boats, from the darkness of the
night, were soon lost sight of. Fanning's Islands, being
the nearest inhabited place, distant 247 miles, in a south-,
easterly direction, it was their intention to steer thither,
but froto.pre boisterous state of the weatheruthe violent
squalls and heavy sea breaking on board, rendered it
extremely difficult to keep the boat free; that idea was
obliged to be given up. At 10 p.m. the squalls became
terrific, the boats° nearly filling with water thatpar t of the
provisions and spare clothing had to be thrown over-
board. They were not able to carry sail, through the
tempestuous weather. They exerted themselves to tho
utmost to reach the nearest land, though uninhabited,
which was the Palmyras Island, about 50 miles distant.
They were in hopes of falling iu with the other two boats,
but at daylight, on the following morning, Jan. 22, not
a vestige of them could be seen. They then steered
direct for Pahnyra,s, hoping to reach it before dark,
being,then at noon, in lat. by calculation 5 49 N., long.
162 S.W. A west Course was steered for several hours,
but they failed in sighting the island, passing it, as the
master imagines, to the southward. The master then
attempted to make Prospect Islands, in lat. 4 50 N.,
long 161 40 W. ; Samarang Islands, in lat. 4 56 N.,
long. 162 18 W., which both ended in disappointment.
Up to this time the incessant rain, the chilling feeling
during the the heavy seas constantly breaking on
board, and the sufferings they thereby endured,
were dreadful. The next trial was to fetch the
Enderby group, hoping, if successful, to procure
some cocoa nuts, and repair the long boat, which
was daily becoming more frail. After sailing for some
days in lat. 2 48 S. long. 169 37 W., they succeeded in
catching a shark, and the weather having moderated,
with some difficulty it was cooked, this being the first
warm meal they had partaken since leaving the wreck.
By this time, from the want of proper nourishment, and°
constant exposure to intense heat and cold, &c., the
bodies of the men were completely covered with sores.
-They then bore away, sanguine of making the Enderbya
and Farmer's island ; both trips, however, were fruit-
less, they were unable to sight them. The men were
almost exhausted, and despaired of ever reaching the
shore alive. All that remained of their provisions were
a few tins of preserved meats, about two gallons of lamp
oil, and about 201bs. of saturated bread, resembling
chnich. With starvation staring them in the face, hut
with hope of speedy relief from their sufferings, they di-
rected their course towards the Duke of York and Cla-
rence Islands, and encountered further disappointment,
and sufferings too horrible to describe. Happily, how-
ever, on the twenty-third day a vessel hove in sight, and
bore down upon them. It proved to be the brig Eclipse,
from San Francisco. It is needless to say that the poor
fellows were taken on board, where they received the
greatest kindness, but several days transpired ere they
recovered their senses. The Eclipse conveyed them to
Sydney.
Of the remaining poor fellows, in the two smaller boats,
eighteen in number, nothing has since been heard, leaving
little doubt as to their horrible fate by starvation.