The Sun.
London, England, 1862-12-19 00:00:00

and that a source of extreme peril, that I asked for
the inquiry for which I moved. (Cheers.) But he
said he had a letter—and be shook it in his hand at
me—from the secretary of the Commercial Associa-
tion at Manchester, in which they dee red by spe-
cial resolution that my proposition w s not neces-
sary, and that my inquiry would do no harm, and
that they were abundantly satisfied with everything
that these lords at Leadenhall-street were doing.
This, he said, was a complete answer to the hon.
gentleman who brought forward the motion. Though
discouraged I was not baffled. I went down to the
Chamber of Commerce at Manchester, and it was
determined by the Chamber, acting with Mr. Bazley
or Mr. Ashworth, to have a commission of inquiry.
£2,000 pounds were subscribed, and Mr. Mackie,
the author of one of the best books ever written by
an Englishman on the Western World, went out to
India and made a most interesting report. Mr.
Mackie, however., did not live to reach home, but
succumbed to the climate, and died on his passage
home from Bombay. A friend of Mr. Mackie's,
now no longer living, undertook the editorship, and
Mr. Mackie's description of the state of India was
published, which was valuable to every one interested
in Indian affairs. In 1853 came the renewal of the
East India Company's charter, which I strenuously
opposed, because I was unwilling that the govern-
ment of that countryshould be handed over for another
twenty years to a company which had entirely vio-
lated every duty which belonged to it, of which one
was the duty of collecting. taxes. In 1857 came the
mutiny. What did our rulers do P Sir C. Wood,
in 1853, made a speech five hours long bolstering
up the government of the East India Company, but
the Government, on the opening of the session of
1858, brought in a bill to abolish that Company
and do exactly what I put in 1853. But of course,
as in everything else, nothing was done till there
came an overwhelming calamity, by which the most
obtuse and perverse were driven from their position.
In the discussion of the India Bill I made a speech
on Indian affairs which I believe went to the root
of the matter, and which was a protest against the
governing of 150,0(10,000 of people of very different
nations and languages by a little coterie of rulers
at Calcutta. I proposed that the country should be
divided into four independent presidencies of equal
rank; that there should be a council for each, and
each of which should be responsible to a Secretary
of State in this country ; and I am of opinion that
if such a government had been established, and
there were in each presidency a first-class English-
man, with a staff whose business it should be to
determine what public works should be carried on
—some by Government, and some by private com-
panies—ten years of such judicious labours and
work. would have worked an entire revolution in
the condition of India, and if it had been done when
I first began to move in the matter you might have
had at this moment any quantity of cotton what-
ever which the looms of Lancashire may require. I
am afraid that some of my friends and some of my
opponents will say it is very egotistical of me to
enter into these details ; but after doing so, I
think at least that I am guiltless of the great
calamity which has befallen Lancashire. I have
been asked fifty times during twelve months,
" Why do you not come out and say some-
thing in this time of our great need P" I tell you
that 100 years of crime against the negro in Ame-
rica, and 100 years of crime against the docile natives
of our Indian empire are not to be washed away by
the repentance and the suffering of an hour. I be-
lieve that the cotton in the United States at this
present moment is much less than the people here
imagine, and that what there is of it is in no condi-
tion to be forwarded. It is far more than probable
that there never will be again that American crop of
cotton grown by slave labour. I am undertaking the
office of a prophet ; but, looking back at what has
taken place, and judging according to the limited
vision which is given to mortals, the probabilities
are that there will never be another crop of any avail
for manufacture produced from slave labour in the
United States, I believe we can form no adequate
conception of the disorganisation that prevails
throughout a great portion of the Southern States,
It is of course natural to the state of war which
exists in that region. We may be asked what are the
other sources of supply beyond India. There is the
colony of Queensland. Many enthusiastic persons
say that cotton may be grown worth 3s. a-pound.
True enough, but where labour is probably 108 a day
I am not sure you are likely to get a large supply of
that material we so much want at a rate so cheap
that we may be likely to use it. Africa is now being
pointed to by many friends of mine; but that is a land
of savages, its climate is so inimical to Europeans
that I should not encourage the idea that any great
hope can be received from that continent. Egypt
will send us 30,000 or 40,000 bales more than last
year ; and, with the high prices, Syria will no doubt
increase its produce. But I hold there is no country
at present from which you can derive any large sup-
ply except you get it from dependencies in India.
If there be no more cotton to be grown in America
for our supply, we shall require nearly six millions
additional bales supplied from other sources.
It has taken the United States twenty years, from
1840 to 1860, to increase its growth of cotton from
two millions of bales to four millions. How long
will it take any other country, without the capital
or advantages of America, to give us five million or
six million additional hales P There is one stimulus,
the only one 1 know of; and although I have not
recommended it to the Government, and know not
precisely the sacrifice it would entail, yet I shall
mention it, and I do so on the authority of a gentle-
man thoroughly acquainted with Indian agriculture
himself, and his fathers being landowners and culti-
vators in India for sixty years; and he says there
is but one mode by which you can stimulate the
growth of cotton iv India. He says if the Govern-
ment would declare that for five years they would
exempt all land from the land tax which during
that time should grow cotton, there would be a more
extraordinary increase in the growth of that article
than has ever been seen with regard to any branch
of agriculture in the world. (Cheers.) I believe
the stimulus would be enormous. The loss of
revenue would ba something, but the deliverance to
the industry of Lancashire, if it succeeded, would
be:speedy and perhaps complete. (Cheers.) Short
of this, I look on the prosperity of Lancashire as
most remote. I believe this misfortune will entail
ruin on the whole working population, that it will
gradually engulf the small traders and those pos-
spssieg the least capital, and it may for years—
I don't say it will—make the whole factory pro-
perty of Lancashire almost entirely worthless.
This is a most dismal look out for mony persons in
this country. But it comes from the utter neglect
of our opportunities and our duties which has dis-
tinguished the Government in India. (Hear, hear.)
Before sitting down I shall refer to the sad tragedy I
which is passing before our eyes in America.
My hon. friend has referred this tome, and although
I would rather not have to express my vari-
ance with him, I am happy to say that this great
question does not depend on the opinion of any man
in Birmingham, or in England, or in Europe. My
friend endeavoured to avoid committing himself to
direct sympathy with the South. (Hear, hear.)
He takes a political view of the question, dealing
with it as he would have dealt with the republic of
a colony of Spain or Portugal revolting in South
America, or Greece revolting from Turkey. I
should like to state here what I once stated to a
very eminent American. He asked me to give him
an idea of the courseof public opinion in this coun-
try from the moment we first heard of the secession
of the cotton States. I traced it in this way, and I
ask you, is it a fair description ? I said that at first
people were here generally against the South,
which nobody thought had any cause for breaking
up the integrity of that great nation. People said,
they have a Government which is mild
and not in
""Y degree oppressive. They have not what some
• people love very
created and living
great
much, and what some dislike—a
costly Tnonareby. T
great army, eo hey have not an aristocracy
on patronage; they have no
no suffering millions to
be discontented and tonavy,
been said against
government.endeavour to overthrow the
(sheers,)
governments in this country and
All of which things have
in Europe hundreds of
the Washington government
viii; s in our own hearing ;
therefore they said
should these men revolt P
But for a moment
seemed paralysed. It had no arm..
e t no navy, every ,

body round it was a traitor—it was apparently
helpless. The government was transferred from
President Buchanan to President Lincoln; men in
this country thought that such was the unprepared
state of the North, such the appearance of every -
thing, that there would, be no war, and they con-
gratulated themselves that after all there would be
a peaceable separation, and the disaster of great
strife and the mischief to our trade might
be avoided. (Hear, hear.) They thought that
the North would acquiesce in the rending of
the republic, and that there would be no war.
They were told by certain public writers in this
country that the contest was entirely hopeless,
which they had been told lately by the Chancellor
of the Exchequer. But happily the Chancellor of
the Exchequer, though be can decide to a penny
what shall be the rate of a tax in England, cannot
decide what shall be the fate of a continent. (Cheers.)
It was asked,
" Why should the North continue a
hopeless contest at the cost of so much blood and
treasure, and disturbance of the commeree of the
whole world ?" It was much better that the North,
instead of carrying on a war which must end in
their own discomfiture, should relinquish the con-
test, and the feeling therefore was that people were
rather glad that the South should have successes,
by which the war would be the more easily put an
end to. (Hear, hear.) My opinion is, that if we
judge of a foreign nation by the circumstances in
which we find it, we ought to apply it to our own
principles. My hon. friend has referred to the
affair of the Trent. I was not present, but I read
the report of a meeting that was held here on the
subject, at which the feeling of the majority seemed
favourable to the policy of the Government in
making a great manifestation of force. With re-
gard to the policy of the United States now, what
I say is, that when you thought an American cap-
tain acting under the orders of his Government,
which he had not, had taken two men, most offen-
sive, injurious, and hostile to his country, from an
English merchant ship—on that ground you
thought you were justified in going to war with the
Republic of North America. Then, I say, you
ought not to be very nice in judging what America
should do in circumstances much more onerous than
those. (Cheers.) Take the rock of Gibraltar
—the rock of Gibraltar was obtained by this
country when we were not professedly at
war with Spain, and was kept contrary to
all moral codes. (A Voice—No, no.) No doubt
the gentleman is much better acquainted with his-
tory than I, but 1 would suggest to him that it is
very likely we have read two different histories.
But I will assume that Gibraltar came into posses-
sion of England by regular and acknowledged war-
fare. Suppose at this moment the English Govern-
ment heard that Spain was equipping an expedition
by land and sea for the purpose of retaking that
fortress or rock—it is not the slightest advantage to
any Englishmen living, except those who have pos-
sessions and are living there—every English Go-
vernment knows the en& Several English Govern-
ments have been anxious to give it up. I wish this
Government would send my friend Mr. Cobden to
Madrid, with an offer that Gibraltar should be ceded
to Spain, as being of no use to this country, and as
only embittering the relations of the two countries,
as one of the most distinguished officers of the Go-
vernment once told me it does. I believe if Mr.
Cobden went there for that purpose, we might have
a commercial treaty with Spain, that would admit
every commodity of English manufacture at a duty
of not more than 10 per cent. ; but do you not think
that if you heard that Spain was about to muster her
fleets and legions and endeavour to take it, the
English Government would not band all the power
of its empire to resist it ? Yes. Then, I say, that
two years ago, President Lincoln, being fairly and
honestly elected, when the Southern leaders met at
Montgomery, in Alabama, on March 6th, and autho-
rised the raising of 100,000 men, and when on the
15th April they attacked Fort Sumter, which was
not a fort of Carolina, but of the Union—on all the
principles on which the English Government have
ever acted, President Lincoln was justified in call-
ing out 75,000 men, which was his first call, for the
purpose of maintaining the integrity of that Union
which was the main purpose of the oath he had
taken at his election. (Cheers.) I will not go into
a long argument on this question. It is in the
hands, not of my hon. friend, nor of Lord Pal-
merston, nor of President Lincoln, but in the hands
of the Supreme Ruler, who is bringing about one
of those great transitions in history, which
men often will not regard when it is passing be-
fore them, but which they look on with astonishment
and awe years after they have taken place. (Cheers.)
I will content myself with asking one or two ques-
tions. 1 will not discuss the question whether he is
working merely for the Constitution or merely for
the abolition of slavery. Before you come to a ques-
tion of sympathy with the South, or recognition of
the South, or mediation or intervention, you should
consider what are the aims of the Southern States.
Surely the United States Government is a Govern-
ment at amity with this country. Its Minister is in
London—a man noble by family, as you know in
America his father and grandfather had held the
office of President of the Republic. You have your
Minister just returned to Washington. Is it hypo-
crisy ? Are you, because you can cavil at certain
things which the North has done, eagerly to throw
the influence of your opinion into the movement
which is to dismember that great Republic ? Is
there a man here who doubts that the object of the
war on the part of the South is to maintain the
bondage of 4,000,000 of human beings P (Cheers.)
That is only a small part of it, because their further
object is to perpetuate for ever that bondage over
countless millions. I could quote documents till 12
o'clock, in proof of what I say, if I found any man
who so desired it. The object of this war is, that
white men on that continent may lord it over count-
less millions of blacks, made black by the very hands
that made us white. Their object is that they should
have a power to breed negroes, to work negroes,
to lash negroes, to sell negroes, to deny them the
commonest ties of families—to break their hearts by
separating them at their pleasure, and to close their
mental eyes from a glimpse of that knowledge
which separates us from the brutes ; for by their
law it is criminal and penal to teach negroes to
read—to seal from their hearts the book of our re-
ligion—to make chattels and things of men, women,
and children. I wish to ask whether this is to.be
the foundation of a new slave empire, and whether
it its intended, on this audacious and infernal basis,
England's new ally is to be built up ? (Hear, and
No.) It has been said that Greece was recog-
nised. Greece was not recognised till after it had
fought Turkey for six years. The Republics of
South America were not recognised, some of them,
till they had fought the mother country I think for
a score of years. France did not recognise the
United States of America till five years after the
beginning of the war of independence, and it was
received as a declaration of peace, and why should
we be so eager to become the ally of this great con-
spiracy against human nature ? I should have no
great objection to recognise a country or to be at
amity with a country merely because of the exis-
tence of slavery, because it would be monstrous
that we should object to trade with a country, or
have political relations with it merely because it
happened to have within its borders the institution
of slavery ; but in this case it is a new State, which
intends to set itself up on the sole basis of slavery,
and slavery is, it is blasphemously said, to be its
chief corner-stone. We have urged that there are
Ministers of State who are in favour of the North
—that there are members of the aristocracy who
are terrified at the shadow of the Great Republic—
that there are rich men in our great commercial
exchanges deprived, it may be, of their riches, and
living within the atmosphere of the privileged
classes—th et there are the conductors of the public
Press, who would barter the, rights of millions of
their fellow-creatures that they might bask in the
smiles of the great; but we know what we know,
that there are Ministers of State who do not wish
that this insurrection should break up the American
Union ; that there are members of the aristocracy
who are not afraid of the shadow of that Republic
that there are rich men not deprived of their riches
and that there are public writers of eminence and
honour who will not barter human rights for the
patronage of the great ; but most of all I believe,
and lam sure it is true—in Lancashire, where the

working men have seen themselves going down
from prosperity to ruin, from independence to a
subsistence on charity, I believe—l say that I
believe that the unenfranchised, but not hopeless,
millions of this country, will never sympathise
with a revolt which is intended to destroy the
liberty of a continent, and to build on its
ruins k mighty fabric of human bondage. (Cheers.)
But, gentlemen who differ from me, when speaking
in private on this matter, generally end by saying
that the Republic is too great and too powerful. But
if we were at New York or Boston, and speaking
of England instead of A merica, and if any one were
to say that England has grown too big—not her
31,000,000 at home, but her 150,000,000 in Asia,
nobody knows how many millions in nearly every
other part of the globe—what would be our feeling?
Surely an American may fairly say that he has not
covered the ocean with fleets of force, or left the
bones of his citizens to bleach on the turf of a hundred
European battle-fields. He could say a thousand
times more fairly than we could say it of his coun-
try, that England was large and powerful, and it
had been thought perilous for nations that she should
be so great. (Cheers.) But every declaration of this
kind, whether fro .0 an Englishman who professes to
be strictly English, or an American strictly Ameri-
can—whether an Englishman says here, in a bold,
arrogant strain that " Britannia rules the waves"—
(laughter)—or an American of manifest destiny says
all creation must, at least, look up to the stars and
stripes—or Frenchmen or French colonists, who
think their eagles having overrun Europe once have
a right surely to repeat the experiment—l say, all
these ideas and all this language is to be condemned.
(Cheers.) It is not truly patriotic, it is not natural,
and it is not moral. If any man wishes the republic
to be severed on that ground, in my opinion he is
only doing what tends to keep alive jealousies
which, to his mind, will never die, and if they do
not die wars must necessarily be eternal. (Hear.)
I shall perhaps be told that the North don't like us,
does any one believe the South does P When the
South was in power, and it has been in power the last
50 years, hostility towards this country was che-
rished and stimulated to the utmost degree by some
of those very men who are now the leaders of the
insurrection. (Cheers.) Take the case of the
Alabama. The Government were informed of the
character of that vessel, but such were the delays
occasioned by the want of vigilance on the part of
the officials, that although a telegraphic message
was sent to Liverpool to order that the vessel should
be arrested, she had sailed an hour or two before the
message arrived there. She has never been in a
Confederate port. They have not got any ports.
She hoists the English flag when she wants to come
alongside of a ship. She sets the ship on fire at
night, and seeing another ship bearing down to
rescue the unfortunate people who are exposed to
the combined horrors of fire and shipwreck, she
seizes that also'and burns it. (Cries of " Shame.")
If we were citizens of New York, I think it would
require a little more calmness than is shown in this
country on foreign questions to look at all that as if
it were a matter with which we had no concern.
(Cheers.) People do not know in America what we
know of pubic opinion here. There are men in this
country, and men in our Cabinet, who are as great
friends of freedom and as much resolved against
slavery as I am. I know, for a certainty, that there
are men in the highest aristocracy who hold the
same opinion that I do on the subject; but they do
not know in America what is the opinion of the
great body of the working classes of England.
There has been every effort that money and malice
could make to stimulate among the suffering people
of Lancashire an opinion in favour of the Slave
States; but they have not been able to get it. I
admire the people for their fidelity to their princi-
ples and to freedom; and I say that the conduct
they have taken ought to weigh in the minds of the
people of America against miles of leading articles
written in the London papers by men who would
barter every human right that they might serve
the party with whom they are associated. How
comes it that on the continent of Europe
there is neither a Liberal newspaper nor a
Liberal politician who has ever thought of
saying one word against this , portentous and
monstrous shape that now asks to be received into
the family of creation ? Take the great and liberal
statesman, Count Cavour—take Garibaldi, than
whom there is no more generous and disinterested
lover of freedom. Ask that patriotic Hungarian
to whose marvellous eloquence you once listened in
this hall—ask Victor Hugo, the poet of freedom,
the exponent of the yearnings of all mankind for
better times—ask any man in Europe who opens
his lips for freedom, or dips his pen in ink for that
holy cause—ask him, and he will have no difficulty
in telling you on which side your sympathies should
lie. (Cheers.) I maintain, after all that is said,
that the people do not err. We know, and the
workman knows, that in the last 15 years 2,600,000
men, women, and children have left the United
Kingdom for America, where they have found a
home in the free States, and every man of them is
in a position of much higher comfort and prospects
than he would have been had he remained in this
country. As one of her poets has justly said—
_

"For her free latch-string never was drawn
Against the poorest child of Adam's skin."

There are now 6,000,000 of grown men subjects of
the free States excluded by the Constitution of their
country from the franchise. There is a free Church,
a free school, a free land, a free vote, a free career
for the child of the humblest parent of the land of
countrymen who work for their living. Remember
that there will be one wild shriek that will startle
all humankind if that American Republic is over-
thrown. Slavery has been the one huge foul blot
on its fame; it is odious outrage against human
right and divine law. The pride and passion of man
would not permit its extinction ; but that was no
more stupendous means for bringing about the aboli-
tion of slavery than the suicide the South has com-
mitted. Ido not believe that any man here thinks
the cause of the North hopeless, or the restoration
of the Union impossible; and although the Chan-
eellor of the Exchequer made use of an equivocal
expression three months ago on that point, he has
been ever since trying to make people understand
what he meant. He believes the state of the North
hopeless. He is welcome to that opinion. Ido not
hold it, but I blame men who are eager to admit
into the family of nations a State which offers itself
based upon a principle which I will undertake
to say is more odious and blasphemous than has
ever before been dreamt of in any Christian or
pagan, civilised or savage times. The principle is,
that in any country forty times as large as Eng-
land slavery shall for ever be perpetuated. I can-
not believe that such a fate will befal a land so fair.
I cannot believe that civilisation in its journey with
the sun will sink into endless night to gratify the
ambition of the leaders of this revolt, who seek to
wade through slavery to a throne, and shut the
gates of mercy on mankind. I have another and
far brighter vision before my face. It may be but
a vision. But I will still cherish it. I see one vast
confederation stretching from the North in one un-
broken line to the glowing South, and from the
wild billows of the Atlantic to the calmer waters of
the Pacific main. I see one people, one law, one
language, and one faith, over all that wide conti-
nent—the home of freedom and the refuge for the
oppressed of every race, every faith, and every clime.
The hon. gentleman resumed his seat amidst loud
cheering.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.—A poll for the
election of Honorary President of the Associated Societies
of Edinburgh University took place on Tuesday evening.
The votes recorded were as follows :—For the Lord Advo-
cate, 115; for the Very Rev. Doan Ramsay, 100 ; for the
Rev. Charles Kingsley, 81. The Lord Advocate, being
highest on the poll, was elected. The office has been held
successively by Sir 'E. B. Lytton, Sir John APNeill, and
Professor Aytoun.

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never cause pain or irritate the most sensitive nerves or
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IMPORTANT GEOLOGICAL DISCOVERY
IN BOSS-SHIRE.

The Rev. G. Campbell, of Tarbet, has recently
detected evidence sufficient to convince some of the
leading geologists in London that zeptiies existed
while the sandstones of Portmahomack were being
deposited. This is not only an interesting fact in
itself but has a special value from its bearing on the
questio vexata—the far-famed geological puzzle—
the age of the Elginshire reptiliferous beds at
Spy nie, Findrassie, Lossiemouth, and Masonhaughs
quarry, near Burghead. Paleontologists, or com-
parative anatomists, stoutly argued for a much more
recent date, supposing that these beds, from their
fossils, could not be older than the Tries, or New
Red Sandstone; while the field geologists, almost
to a man, could not separate them from the under-
lying strata, which were on all hands acknowledged
to belong to the Old Red formation. In Elgin-
shire the point of actual contact is covered by
thick drift. It is believed, however, that no such
obstacle to the stratigraphical reading of the
rocks exists in the promontory of Tarbatness, but
that a continued section of conformable strata is to
be seen from Portmahomack, round by the light-
house, Geanies, &c., on to Shand wick and the north
Suter of Cromarty, where the scales of Devonian (or
Old Red) fish have been found. If the Portma-
homack beds shall be found to be thus linked on to
the rocks at Nigg, another geological demurrer will
be put in to the Darwinian theory ; for the Teler-
peton, the Stagonolepis, and the Hyperodapedon,
which, in Elginshire lie in equivalent beds to the
footprint-bearing rocks of Roashire are as highly
organised as the crocodiles of the Nile, and show as
little signs of having been in a state of transmuta-
tion or development. Equally important discoveries,
we understand, have lately been made by the Rev.
Mr. Campbell's neighbour and scientific coadjutor,
the Rev. Mr. Joass, of Edderton, demonstrating
that reptiles lived during the deposition of the Old
Red Sandstone rocks of Easter Ross, and that it is
utterly out of the question to assign to them the
mote modern age of the Trias or New Red, or
Mezasoic series.—lnverness Courier.

LAW IN7ELLIGENCE, Dec. 18.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER.

(Sittings at Nisi Prins at Guildhall, before the Lord
Chief Baron and a Common Jury.)

SIMMONS V. BRETON-CASE OF ALLEGED INSANITY

The trial was resumed at the sitting of the Gout
this morning.

Several other witnesses were called to prove fur-
ther acts of alleged insanity by the defendant.
Among other eccentricities deposed to were running
about in the public highway without his shoes,
emptying three bottles of champagne into a pail,
and stirring it up with a mop to make punch, and
boasting that he was the owner of gold mines.
Mr. Norton, defendant's solicitor, said the defen-
dant was much better, and more manageable sober
than when he had had some drink, and that on one
occasion he asked witness to take care of him, as he
sometimes did not know what he was about. The
defendant's property amounted to between £3,000
and £4,000, and it was burdened with a mortgage
for £2,500. When he drew the cheque for £2,000
in favour of the plaintiff in May last he' had from
£5OO to £6OO to his account at the London and
Westminster Bank.

Mr. Gastrin, a solicitor, who had formerly acted
for the defendant, deposed to an interview at which
the plaintiff said that if Mr. Breton did not wish to
purchase Highfield House at Crawley,
.he should
have no objection to let him off.

Mr. Gates, grocer, Crawley, said in May, :862, de-
fendant owed him £9, and sent him a blank cheque
with permission to fill it up for any amount he liked.
He afterwards burnt in the face of the defendant, and
told him if he paid him he must do so properly.
Once he ordered two sides of bacon and two chests
of tea, but as he thought the order unreasonable he
did not attend to it.

Mr. Scholefield, the resident medical superinten-
dent at the Camberwell Lunatic Asylum, said that
when defendant was admitted on the 28th of May,
1862, he was of unsound mind. He got better, and
when he was discharged on the 22d July he was fit
to be entrusted to the care of his friends. Though
recovered he required care.
Cross examined—There was, at all events, tem-
porary alteration of the structure of the brain. He
was in a state of semi inebriation when admitted,
but he presented the true symptoms of a maniacal
patient, and they remained after the intoxication
passed away. Very likely his state might have been
produced by excessive drinking. That was said to
be the exciting cause. It frequently happened that
a person became mad after excessive drinking, but
sane as soon as he abstained from drinking. There
was nothing to show that he would ❑ot become of
sane mind if kept from drink.
Another witness, named Gates, a builder, at
Crawley, said he saw the defendant, when dressed
i❑ Magenta shi:t and cricket cap, jump into a ditch
after some ducks, and catch one.
Cross-examined—He was fond of cricket. Witness
thought defendant did this act rather as a spree.
This was the conclusion of the evidence for the
defence.

Mr. Collier then addressed the jury for plaintiff,
and submitted that the defendant knew perfectly
well what he was about when he gave the cheque.
The learned Judge having summed up,
The Jury almost immediately returned a verdict
for the defendant. They stated that in their opinion
the defendant was not of sound mind when he en-
tered into the contract and signed the cheque; that
plaintiff had sufficient notice of that fact, and that
the contract was not made bona
_fide on the part of
the plaintiff.

COURT OF DIVORCE.

(Before Sir C. Cresswell and a Special Jury.)

TURNER v. TURNER AND WEDGWOOD.

Mr. Sergeant Shee and Dr. Tristram were coun-
sel for the petitioner, Mr. Hawkins, Q.C., and Mr.
Bushley, for the co-respondent.
In this case Mr. James Turner, a medical practi-
tioner in extensive practice, and who resides at No.
31, Lower Phillimore-place, Kensington, prayed for
a dissolution of marriage on the ground of his wife's
adultery with the co-respondent, Mr. Robt. Eger-
ton Wedgwood. The respondent denied the charge,
but the co-respondent entered no appearance. Last
July the respondent brought a suit for judicial
separation on the ground of cruelty, to which he
answered and pleaded adultery on her part; but
the jury found that neither of the issues raised had
been proved, and the Court accordingly dismissed
the petition. The parties first became acquainted
in 1846, when the petitioner attended the lady, who
had to undergo an amputation of the foot some time
previous, and who was some years older, and they
were married on the 25th March, 1847. Prior to
the marriage the petitioner discovered that the lady
had an illegimate child, who is about 20 years old,
and lived in the house of the petitioner after the
marriage. _ _

Mr. Sergeant Shee, in stating the case, said that
the parties lived very happily together, and the ac-
quaintance between Mrs. Turner and Mr. Wedg-
wood commenced in 1860. After that the criminal
intercourse took place, and was continued until the
following year; but the suspicions of the husband
were not excited until a letter fell into his hands in
the handwriting of Mr. Wedgwood to Mrs. Turner.
He spoke to his wife, to whom he was tenderly at-
tached, on the subject, and from her explanation he
was for the time satisfied, and they continued to
live together harmoniously until he discovered that
she had pawned some of his plate. After that dis-
covery he removed the remainder of his plate to his
banker's, and during his absence she left her home
and took lodgings in Little Ryder-street. Since
that time the parties had never lived together.
Sarah Beaney (examined by ]Jr. Tristram)—l
have been a housemaid at Mr. Turner's from Aug.,
1860, to the present time. My husband is also a
coachman in his service, I first saw Mr. Wedgwood
at a ball given by Mr. Turner at his house, Lower
Phillimore-place, Kensington. That was in Dec.,
1860. Mrs. Turner was acquainted with Mr. Ter-
rent, who had a boarding-house in Argyll-road,
where Mr. Wedgwood was staying, and he intro-
duced that gentleman to Mrs. Turner. Mr. Wedg-
wood called frequently afterwards, generally by
himself. Ho came after 1 o'clock in the day, and
sometimes remained an hour. He and Mrs. Turner
used to ride and drive out together. I remember
Mrs. Turner leaving home about the end of 14', binary
or the beginning of March, 1860. She said she was
going to Windsor, and on her return told us that
she had been to see Mrs. Tyrrell and her pug dogs.
(Laughter.) After her return Mr. Wedgwood used
to call three or four times a day, and latterly he
came in by the back way without ringing. I re-
member on the Bth of March Mrs. Turner and Mr.
Wedgwood went out together. It was Mr. Turner's
birthday, and she presented him with a nosegay as
a present, which she said she bought for him. I
went with a message to Mrs. Turner, at Mr. Ter-
rent's, and found her in Mr. Wedgwood's bedroom,
he being in bed at the time. Mr. Turner used to
go Out between 10 and 11 in the morning, and re-
turn at 3 o'clock, and go out again at 4 o'clock. I
remember when there was an execution at Mr. Ter-
rent'a that Ur. Wedgwood came with hia flu/2412,re'

to the house, which annoyed Mr. Turner. Mrs.
Turner used to go into Mr. Wedgwood's bedroom
when he was in bed. I have seen them kiss each
other. Saw Mr. Wedgwood go to the case, and
heard Mrs. Turner say there was only one trinket
left. I saw a Mrs. Pether give Mrs. Turner some
letters from Mr. Wedgwood, which she said had
been directed to her place because she did not
wish the doctor to see them. I remember Mrs.
Turner sending me to Lord Audiey's, in Philli-
more place, for some letters, and I brought her
a packet of them. Mrs. Turner looked
through them, and said there wag not one she
wanted, and that Mr. Wedgwood was going
to direct to Lord Audley and put her name
underneath. I recollect Mrs. Turner going to Bog-
nor in 1861, but forget the month, and she said that
she was going to see Mrs. Rowley and other per-
sons there. On her return she told me that a friend
of Mrs. Rowley's slept at the same hotel where she
was staying, and that his name was O'Byrne. Ile
was in the neat bedroom to hers, and Mr. Wedg-
wood remained up all night in her bedroom for fear
Mr. O'Byrne should go into the room. I was pre-
sent at Mr& Turner's on Oct. 2, 1861, when Mrs.
Turner left the house. Mr. Turner discovered that
day that the greater part of the plate had been re-
moved by Mrs. Turner, and he packed up the re-
maining valuables in a plate chest, and carried them
away in a cab. Before he left he looked over Mrs.
Turner's writing desk, and then gave it to her back.
Cross-examined by Mr. Hawkins---I said nothing
about Mr. O'Byrne at the previous trial, nor did I
mention anything about the letters at Lord
Audley's. Mrs. Turner was very fond of pug
dogs, and there we two in the house, named
Pug and Joe, male and female, who had had
pups. (A laugh.) Mrs. Tyrrell keeps pup dogs.
Mrs. Turner told me that she had been at a dog

show at Cirencester, but take did not Pug and Joe.
(Laughter.) Mr. Wedgwood and Mr. Turner ap-
peared to be en friendly terms. Mrs. Turner used
to be visited by a French count and other gentle-
men, who went into her bedroom. 'Mrs. Turner said
with respect to the former gentleman that it was
the practice in France for gentlemen to visit ladies
in their bedrooms. Mr. Wedgwood used to drink a
great quantity of beer and wine, and he said he was
always thirsty. (Laughter.) She had seen him the
worse for what he had taken.
James Beaney, examined by Sergeant Shee—l
am the husband of the last witness and a coachman
in the service of Mr. Turner. I remember in March,
1861, driving Mrs. Turner and Mr. Wedgwood in a
private Hansom cab to Richmond town, and Mrs.
Turner desiring me to call for them at the Star and
Garter at 7 o'clock. I went at the hour named, but
had to wait, as the landlord told me they had not
done dinner. I remember also driving her out in the
brougham, and taking up Mr. Wedgwood at Char-
ing-cross. I drove them to Covent-garden, and we
returned through Hyde Park. (Here the witness
said that he was induced to look into the brougham,
and he saw Mrs. Turner sitting on Mr. Wedgwood's
knee with her face towards the front windows of
the brougham and her back to him. He saw that
Mr. Wedgwood was smothered in her clothes.) I
looked into the brougham a few minutes afterwards
and saw Mrs. Turner sitting in her place. I drove
them afterwards on the Acton-road, and Mr. Wedg-

wood told me to stop at a quiet public-house, and
accordingly I stopped at the King's Head at Acton.
They were shown into a private room upstairs, and
they remained about an hour and a half. When
they came downstairs both appeared very much
flushed. I heard Mrs. Turner address Mr. Wedgwood

as Robert, Bobby, Baby, and by his surname: She
ordered me on more than one occasion to call a cab
and desire the driver to remain 200 yards from the
house, as she did not wish the doctor to know where
she was going, and I heard her on one occasion tell
the driver to go to Mr. Wedgwood's lodgings at
Brompton. On another occasion I drove her to
the Pimlico Station, she telling me she was going
to Bognor. Three or four gentlemen, including
Mr. Wedgwood, met her at the station.
The witness was cross-examined, but there was
nothing material elicited.

Mr. Wm. Tower Smith said that he was a sur-
geon in partnership with Mr. Turner. He recol-
lected Mr. Wedgwood coming to the house in 1860.
The first time he saw him and Mrs. Turner were
sitting in the conservatory, and he saw her beckon
to some one, and then Mr. Wedgwood came up the
steps. In answer to Mr. Turner, Mr. Wedgwood
said he would have some sherry and soda water.
On another occasion witness was in the dining-
room with Mrs. Turner and Mr. Wedgwood. Mrs.
Turner said to him how badly his hair was parted,
and asked why his wife did not attend to it. She
added that she always combed " Baby's." She
took a comb out of her pocket, and combed Mr.
Wedgwood's hair.
By Mr. Hawkins—Mr. Wedgwood took the
combing of his hair very patiently.
Ann Barch said that in March, 1861, she was
chambermaid at the King's Head Hotel, Cirences-
ter, and remembered a lady and gentleman coming
there that month. (She identified a photograph as
a likeness of Mr. Wedgwood.) They required and
had two bedrooms near each other. Mrs. Turner
said Mr Wedgwood was her nephew. They came
on Saturday and remained till the Monday even-
ing. Both the beds appeared to have been used,
and she saw nothing that excited any suspicion of
impropriety between the parties.
Mary Ann Wain said that she was the chamber-
maid at the York House Hotel, Bognor, and remem-
bered Mrs. Turner coming to the hotel with another
lady, a maid, and three or four gentlemen, of whom
Mr. Wedgwood was one. She noticed two pillows
in Mrs. Turner's bed, and that two persons had
slept in the bed. She also noticed marks on the linen.
The parties were nearly a week at the hotel.
Sarah Hart, a young girl, 11 years of age, was
next.examined, and gave her evidence very clehly.
She said that she was the daughter of a police-con-
stable at Brentford, and that she had been on a visit
at Mrs. Turner's last year. She knew Mr. Wedg-
wood, and saw Mrs. Turner sitting outside his bed
when he was in bed. She saw her kiss him once.
She saw Mr. Wedgwood in Mrs. Turner's bedroom,
and be was curling his hair. (Laughter.) On one
occasion Mrs. Turner told her to sit on the stairs
outside the bedroom, and let her know if Mr. Turner
came out of the surgery. Mrs. Turner told her that
she would turn Mr. Turner away and marry Mr.
Wedgwood. She reminded her of this afterwards,
and Mrs. Turner laughed and said she would put it
in her Look.

Alfred Richards said he was landlord of the house,
6, Little Ryder-street, St. James's, and in October,
1861, he let apartments to Mrs. Turner. She was
visited by a gentleman, who at first went by the
name of Thompson, and afterwards of Wedgwood.
She was also visited by ladies and gentlemen,
mostly by the latter. Mrs. Turner remained at his
house ten weeks.

Thomas Dale, landlord of the King's Head Hotel,
at Cirencester, corroberated the evidence of the
witness Barch, as to Mr. Wedgwood and Mrs. Tur-
ner having been at his hotel in March, 1862.
Mr. William Curtis, brother-in-law of Mrs. Tur-
ner, identified her handwriting.
Mr. Francis Edward Woodward, of the firm of
Reid, Robinson, and Wood ward, shorthand-writers,
Chancery-lane, proved to have taken shorthand
notes of Mrs. Turner's examination at the previous
trial last July.
Certain portions of the cross-examination of the
lady, as well as extracts from her diary, were then
read. It appeared that she admitted that she had
the father of her illegitimate child staying at her
husband's:house. She went to the theatre with Mr.
Wedgwood on one occasion. She denied that she
was ever out with him in the dark alone. She went
two or three times to Cremorne with Mr. Wedgwood
and some others, and they remained until the enter-
tainment was concluded. She said that she had been
in Mr. Wedgwood's bedroom about a dozen times,
but she had never kissed him in bed. She might
have kissed him, but not a dozen times. She called
him sometimes " Baby," and sometimes Robert and
Wedgwood. She received six letters through Mrs.
Pettier and Wedgwood. (Here one of the letters
was read, in which the writer addressed Mrs. Tur-
ner in affectionate terms, acknowledged to the re-
ceipt of some articles forwarded by her, promised to
send his photograph, and asked her to write to him
the following Sunday, and signed himself " Your
loving Bobby.") From other extracts it appeared
that the name of Baby occurred very often in the
diary as well as the name of Wedgwood. The
letter in question had fallen into the hands of her
husband, who never accused her of any criminal in-
tercourse with Mr. Wedgwood, but he complained
of there being too much familiarity between them.
Formal proof of the marriage was then given,
which closed the petitioner's case, and no evidence
was called on the part of the respondent.
Mr. Sergeant Shee summed up briefly.
Mr. Hawkins replied, and commented on the ab-
sence of any person residing at Mr. Terrent's and
other persons who could have given more satisfac-
tory evidence than that adduced. He contended
that the statement of the coachman Beaney as to
what he alleged to have witnessed in the brougham
was too improbable to be entitled to any credit.
The learned Judge summed up, and remarked
upon the fact developed in the evidence, that Mrs.
Turner, instead of going to Windsor, was at Ciren-
cester with the co-respondent, and also to the ad-
mission of Mrs. Turner that Mr. Wedgwood
spent an entire night in her bedroom, nominally
for the prevention of any intrusion by Mr. O'Byrne.
He drew particular attention to the style and con-
tents of the letter of the co-respondent which had
been put in in evidence.
The jury immediately found a verdict that the
ofe satdsual
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