The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-04 00:00:00

THE WITHDRAWAL OF 7HE CAIME.

A letter from Constantinople, dated Sept. 22, says :
After all the sinister prophecies that the programme of the
Government could not be carried out, this important ope •
ration has teen completed within the time originally fixed,
and the caime have disappeared from circulation. An in-
considerable amount still remains out, and will be ex-
changed at par for consolides—an operation requiring a few
days only for its execution. To those accustomed to the
manner in which the Government offices are managed, or
rather mismanaged, in Turkey, nothing could be more as-
tonishing than the mode in which the withdrawal of the cairn ri
was carried out ; and the order, quiet, and regularity which
prevailed during this difficult operation prove incontestably
that nothing but common sense is needed to place the pub-
lic offices at Constantinople on a proper footing. Fuad
Pacha had taken every pains to secure the efficient work-
ing
of the plan, which was elaborated by a commission of
supervision,comprising the European members of the coun-
cil of finance, Lord Hobart, and the representatives of the
contractors for the 1862 loan. The execution of this plan
was confided to an executive council under the direction of
Edhem Pacha, to whose zeal,intelligence, and uprightness,
the Turkish Government is mainly indebted for the success
with which this delicate task has been accomplished. Firm
and just, bui conciliating at the same time, Edheru Pacha
succeeded in inspiring all those under his orders
with a real interest in their work, and nothing was
more remarkable than the absence of noise and
confusion, idleness, and fussiness, which usually charac-
terise the public establishments here. The accounts were
kept by double entry, in French and Turkish, and the
books regularly balanced every night, and verified with the
vouchers the next day, to the intense disgust of the em-
ployes of the Ministry of Finance, who adhere to the belief
that bookkeeping with adequate checks is an impossibility
in Turkey. The Dar ul Funoun (university), which has
never been finished, was temporarily and roughly fitted up
for the operation. Twenty wickets were open for the recep-
tion of the caime, with detailed lists ; and seven other
wickets distributed the cash and consolides receivable in
exchange for the caime. Each of the caime wickets had
a teller, two verifiers of notes, and a clerk, attached
to it; and every two wickets had a punching press.
which obliterated the caime by cutting out a piece about
the size of a shilling, before the oyes of the public. For
want of this precaution, millions of the caime nominally
withdrawn in 1858 were again put into circulation, to save
the time and expense necessary for the preparation of new
and better notes.

The *ration was commenced on July 13 and ended on
September 13, only seven millions of piastres being pre-
sented on the latter day. Altogether the establishment was
open for 49 days, during which it withdrew 33,483,994
notes, representing 998,300,720 piastres. The total amount
in circulation was stated to be 1,000,162,530 piastres,
so that there remains to be withdrawn 1,361,810,
piastres, less these lost or destroyed. A very con-
siderable number and variety of forged notes appeared for
conversion, but the instances in which, they were
not at once detected were very rare, and flis fact becoming
public doubtless prevented many,of t 1 enterprising scoun-
drels of Galata from attempting, to exchange their for-
geries. The number of lists presented was 14,962, a total
surprisingly small ; but., besides the 20 wickets for the pub-
lic, at which no amount exceeding 500,000 piastres was re-
ceivable, a special apartment was provided for those having
a million and upwards to exchange ; and it became a trade
to collect crime from different individuals, who would pre-
fer paying a ;commission to incurring the loss of time con-
sequent on changing their notes at the Dar ul Funoun
themselves.
The accounts have been audited and found correct—
no small glory for the employes, to most of whom double
entry was a novelty, for the rayments in cash
amounted to 399,507,720 piastres and in consolides
to 5,992,930 Turkish pounds. To add to the dim culty a
very large portion of the sum was paid in sovereigns and
Napoleons, and above £lOO,OOO in bills on London and
Paris, complicating the accounts in a way that would have
been hopeless at the Treasury. All the ministers came to
see the Dar ul Funoun, and all were obliged to admit the
efficacy and order of the machinery. But I would make a
heavy wager that not one will have the courage or incline
Lion to imitate it. An efficient system of checks will not
suit the bulk of the employes, and the operations of the
Dar ul Funoun have demonstrated the irregularities that
must exist in other departments in a manner that admits of
uo reply, and which has rendered it excessively unp')pular
in official quarters.

Among the notes presented a considerable number (more
than 12,000 it is said) did not bear the seal of the Minister
of Finance, which is the equivalent of the cashier's signa-
ture on Bank of England notes. On some of these notes
the stamp may have been accidentally omitted, but it is
evident, from the number of cases in which it is wanting,
that a wholesale system of plunder was organised, against
which there was no check. At the office where the
notes were printed there was no proper control or
supervision, nor any certain means of knowing how
many notes were printed by the machine. Nothing
was easier than to print off a certain number of notes, and
in ecncert with the employ6s at the Treasury, substitute
them for notes duly stamped, for as this stamp is at the
back, and in black ink, its absence could only be discovered
by the merest accident. What the Government will do
with reference to those notes is not yet known, for it is im-
possible to learn how they got into circulation, as the notes
were never dated nor even numbered, so that no means
exist of knowing how or when they were issued.

A letter from Rome, in the h!essager du Olidi,
states that casts are being taken of the triumphant arch of
Constantine. They are to be sent to France, and are exe-
cuted, as were those of Trajan's column, for the account of
the Emperor Napoleon.

The Precurseur of Antwerp states that at Keeth,
in that neighbourhood, three days back, the electric fluid
fell on the steeple of the church, and partly destroyed it,
without, however, setting it on fire.

" It is proposed," says the Gazette de Mons, " to
establish an asylum for the orphan children of pitmen, who
may fall victims to accidents in the Belgian coal mines.
The idea of the project appears to have originated with an
august personage, and the establishment is to be placed
under the patronage of a member of the royal family.
SCOTTISH HOSPITAL, CRANE-COURT.—For the
vacant secretaryship of this institution there have been no
less than 130 candidates. Tho committee of selection on
Tuesday, the 30th ult., reduced that number to three—
Messrs. J. M. Moir, Reid, and Oliver—from whom the se-
cretary will be chosen by the governors) at an extraordinary
Court, to be held on Wednesday, the 16th current.
_ -

A New York paper says, it ie understood at
Washington that from 600 to 800 white persons have been
murdered in Minnesota by the Indians, and that two-thirds
of the state has been deserted by the white settlers.

Several of the Paris journals speak of a rumour
of an approaching definitive conversion of the rente, and
M. Fould, it is said, has come to an understanding on the
subject with the Credit Mobilier. That report is thought
by some sufficient to account for the great rise in the shares
of that company.—Galignani.

The following is a list of the American whaling
ships destroyed by the Alabama, near Flores :—Oemulgee
Ocean Rover, Alert, Ossecola, Courser, Benjamin Tucker,
Weathergauge, Admiral Blake, and Allamaha. She also
captured the Starlight, American passenger schooner.
EXTENSIVE DESTRUCTION OF FARM PRODUCE IN
THE Juna.—A fire broke out three days ago on the pro •
mises of M. Euboz, proprietor and mayor of the commune
of Chanapagny (Jura). The flames raged with such violence
that in less than 10 minutes the roof of the house fell in.
1, e
In a barn adjoining, which was also burnt down, 000
sheaves of wheat, 1,000 double decalitres of oats, 102 doublelre
decalitres of barley, and 70,000 kilogrammes of bay were
destroyed, as well as a great quantity of agricultural
im-
plements. The cattle and horses were got out :n safety.
Engines were promptly on the spot, but a au of water
rendered them comparatively useless. The loss is
estimated
at 35,000 f., but all was insured.--Galignani.
Capt. David Robertson, R.N., has
ap-
pointed by the Royal National Lifeboatln been
stigtsor;ans
assistant-inspector of lifeboats. Captainre yof two of the
had previously filled the:offiee of hon. Beecham, therefore, had
tar
branches of the Lifeboat Society;
h
consideratle experience of the important duties which will
devolve on him.
Fosm—The following is
GARIBALDI SURGICAL
d expenditurb connected with
a statement of the receipts e:. on
the altogether up to Sept. 30
this fund. The subseiptio
non creditor side of the ac-
amounted to £941 16s.
ge s
fee and expenses/ t 2d.
:—Professor Partrid items
count there are the following
8 ;
other expenses, £54 12s. 10d., leav-
ing a balance of Izoi 30. 4d., which is deposited in the
, 0
Bank of London
a will be forwarded in a few days to
General Garibaldirs:for the benefit of his wounded
comrades.
Arthur The Hon. A
innaird, M.P., has audited the accounts
in conjunctionwith Mr. William I. Hare.
It
appears that the exportation of arms and
ammunition from this country is rapidly increasing in pro-
portion to the prolongation of the American war, and that
e shipments during the first eight months of this year
have amounted in value to £1,308,000, or at the rate of
about £1,750,000 per annum. During the month of August
the quantity was especially large, amounting to
£286,110.
Notwithstanding the very slight chances which
there are of the exiled dynasty regaining their lost position
in the south of Italy, the Hapsburgs are not less anxious
than they ever were to form matrimonial connections with
them. The Princess Anunciade will, therefore, in a few
days be married by proxy to the Archduke Charles, and an
Austrian frigate is being despatched from Trieste to bear
her to her future home from Civita Vecchia,
THE BLACK FAST OF THE JEWS.—At sunset last
evening the great fast of the Jews, known in their calendar
as the Day of Atonement, commenced, and will continue
until sunset this evening, during which time the people of
that religion suspend all business, totally abstaining from
either eating or drinking (unless in cases of sickness), and
devote the day to solemn prayer and thanksgiving in their
synagogues. The fast is followed by a day of rejoicing,
which, is observed as a great festival.

THIRD EDITION.

SUN OFFICE, SIX O'CLOCK.

THE WAR IN AMERICA.

NEW YORK, SEPT. 23, MoENING.
(Per Australasian, via Roche's Point.)
It is rumoured that the Confederates have
crossed Blackwater River in force, and are threat-
ening Norfolk and Suffolk.

An engagement occurred on the 19th instant
south of Juke, Mississippi, between General
Rosencranz and General Price. The Confederates
retreated South during tbe night. The Feder-Ells
captured 250 prisoners.

The Federals are preparing to attack the fort
at the entrance to Mobile.

The Governor of Pennsylvania has recalled the
state militia home.

The Confederate Governor of Louisiana has
threatened General Butler With retaliation if the
misconduct of the Federal troops should be con-
tinued outside the limits of the City of New
Orleans. General Butler replied, that if the threat
was carried out, he should also retaliate.

METROPOLITAN BOARD OF Wanis:7

The weekly meeting of the Metropolitan Board of Worka
was held yesterday at the office in Spring•gardens—Mr. .14
Thwaites in the chair.

The financial statement was presented, which showed the
following cash-balances in the hands of the treasurer :
Current accounts, £113,140 ls. 2d.; deposit accounts,
£10,470; total, £123,610 is. 2d.; Government securities)
£76,159 2s.

PETROLEUM WAREHOUSES.
A report was brought up from the Streets Committee re-
commending that parties on making applic"..tions for licenses
under the Petroleum Act be required to send in full parti-
culars of the premises proposed I:0 be used or adapted for
the storing and safe keepin7 of petroleum, with a view to
each place being examinPf
intending architect u and reported upon by the supersuper.
Mr. Mr. PlutLlP's moved that the recommendation of the
comrlittee to agreed to, which was seconded hr Mr.
DIFFANGER, and unanimously adopted.
The Superintending Architect brought up a report recom-
mending that no license for storing petroleum be granted
unless the warehouses were sunk below the ground, and
that the casks should not be deposited in more than one
tier, and not placed on the top of each other.
The report was ordered to be printed and taken into con-
sideration on a future day.

THE THAMES EMBANKMENT,
Mr. BAZALGETTE, the chief engineer, presented the fol-
lowing report on the progress of the main drainage works :
" The main drainage works are progressing satisfactorily.
On the middle level sewer Messrs. Brassey and Co. have
constructed about six miles 3,720 feet of sewers, ranging in
size from 4ft. 6in., 3ft., to 12ft. by 9ft. 6in., at a probable
cost of about £165,000, of which £150,000 has been done
during the past two months, On Mr. Turner's contract for
the northern outfall sewer, the whole of the concrete em
bankrnent extending from the river Lee to East Ham
Church, a distance of four miles is now completed. The
substructure and foundation, for the remaining length of
sewers from East Ham Church to the river Thames is also
completed. About nine miles 2,010 feet of double and treble
lines of sewer, 9 feet by 9 feet, have been built, and the earth
embankthent over the same is being rapidly pushed for-
ward. The outlet into the Thames, near Barking-creek has
been commenced and is fast progressing. The iron bridges
have not progressed with equal rapidtiy, owing to some delay
with the parties furnishing the iron work. The amottnt of
work executed is estimated at £428,140, of which about
£78,000 has been done during the past two months. Mr.
Welsher has made a vigorous commencement on the South-
cm outfall works at Crossness, and has brought upon the
ground a large amount of plant. About 30,000 cube yards
of excavation have been excavated. At the Deptford
Pumping-station, under Messrs. Aird's contract, the en-
gine and boiler houses are being slated, the chimney shaft,
coal sheds, sewers, penslock chambers, &c., are finished,
and the river wall is about three-fourths completed. Messrs.
Slaughter and Co. have got in the boilers and most of the
pumps, the lifting beams, &c. Work to the value of about
£93,000 has been done at Messrs. Aird's contract, of which
about £7,000 has been executed since my last monthly re-
port. On the southern high level, Messrs. Lee and Bowles
have completed works to about £184,000. Their work is
being carried on actively at Church.-street, Deptford-
Hanover-street, Rye-lane ; and in De Crespigny-road ;
Denmark -hill, There) is every probability of the contrac
being completed in the course of the present year. On the
southern high level extension Mr. Pearson has completed
about 14 mile of sewer to the value of £8,500. At the Effra
sewer, Brixton, Mr. Webster has done about 1,600 feet, to
the value cf about £3,200. On the low level sewer, Ber-
mondsey blanch, Messrs. Baird have been busy making
preparations for commencing their contract, getting pos-
session of the land, sinking deep sumps or wells for the
drainage of the work. The Southwark new street was
opened on the 28th of July last, between High-street and
the Southwark-bridge road, and Is now being continued to
Great Guildford-street. About 1,320 feet of subway, and
1,375 feet of sewerage have been constructed at a cost of about
£22,000, being £2,000 more than at the date of my last
report. The boring for the Thames Embankment along
the foreshore of the river between Westminster and Black-
friars-bridge, will probably be completed before my next
monthly report. "J. W. BAZALGETTE, Engineer."
The report was unanimously received, and ordend to be
printed.

TAE WESTERN MAIN DRAINAGE WORKS.
A report was brought up from a committee of the whole
board, stating that the sureties proposed by Messrs. Moron
for the execution of the western main drainage works were
quite satisfactory. The works will therefore be proceed-
ed:with.

Some routine business was then disdosed of, and the
board adjourned.

AN IMPERIAL _EXCURSION.

Frethrnche,e adnadyB3oagpoerto-
The Emperor, thleEi
the sons of their suite eftp reVillaee e f
Eugeniethe
make an excursion to
in th
the mountain
e neighbourhood, had e
haMd.bDeein-
hursubehere, who re
reclneete
odatsec andorganise h eeverythingthat was necessary to faci-
litate the according met the imperial party
at Saro at 3 o'clock. Their Majesties found in readiness for
them 12 well-caparisoned mules for the use of the Empress
and the ladies of her suite, and 24 saddle horses for the Em-
peror and the gentlemen who accompanied him. Amongst
tho persons present were MM. de Toulongeon, de la Grange,
dc la Pager* Marshal Niel, Count and the Countess Scla-
fani, Mme. de Rayneval, M. and Mme. de la Poeze, and
AL Hamelin. Before leaving for the ascent their Majesties
par
took of refreshments offered to them by the four daugh-
ters of Mr
Lan . Dihursubehere. Nothing could be more pie-
es ue this numerous party proceeding along the
sides of the mountain, with 30 young men acting as guides.
The travellers were delighted with the fine views which
constantly present themselves. The summit of the moun-
tain was reached at five, and after a short halt the descent
took place, their Majesties and those who accompanied
them halting on the plateau of the Petite-Rhune, after
which the remainder of the excursion was got over by
torchlight. Two bonfires was lighted on the heights, and
the party arrived at the village of Sare about seven.
The houses were all illuminated, and then Majesties were
greeted with loud acclamations. While the Emperor was
addressing questions to the authorities about the wants
of the country, the Empress and the ladies of her suite
rested for a short time at the house of M. Goyetche, the
deputy-mayor, where refreshments Were offered them.
Their Majesties afterwards entered their carriages at half-
past eight, and reached the villa about eleven.--Gaignani.

Oct.
I.—The quarterly returns of
SHIPBUILDING ON THE WEAR.-SUNDERLAND,
Wear have been vessels building on the
compiled to-day. The number of vessels
on the stocks yesterday was 85, representing an aggregate
of 31,242 torts. Of the 85 ships in progress 44 have already
found purchasers. As compared with the returns for the
30th of June last, there are at present 14 vessels, or 4,955
tons, fewer on the stocks; but it must be borne in mind
that, as Lloyd's classification for the new year commences
on the Ist of July, vessels were pressed forward for launch-
ing on that day. The market for new ships is more active
now than it has been for some time past, the high freights
ruling in China, and the expectation that very considerable
importations of grain will have to take place, being the
main influences at work in stimulating the demands. Prices
are firm, and may be quoted at £ll per ton (builders' mea-
surement) for a ship of 400 tons, with Baltic outfit, and
classed for 10 years. Shipwrights' wages are ss. per day,
and, what is very rare in the building yards of the Wear,
there has not been a single strike on the river side for more
than twelve months on end. The increase of iron ship-
building on the Wear is now so considerable that there are
at present nearly 5,000 tons on the stocks.

A company for cleaning windows and shopfronl
has just been established at Vienna. Newly-invented ma-
chines will be made use of to prevent the accidents which
so frequently occur. The price for cleaning each window in
fixed at the low rate of one kreutzer and a half (about four
centimes).
Paris has rarely been more abundantly
ddi supplied
n to th
with pears than in the present year.
ans to Paris,e
e
immense quantities furnished by the n -
earay, Auvergne
waggon loads arrive every,
dayrfr,°,um pi
Nantes, Angers
and Le Mans. Among all tj2
,
Bordeaux, Chatellerault, Sau.ineutrultsu
of the season pears
iti
are those which form the largest article of consumption
the French capital-
Tan years ago the quantity was esti-
mated
at 150,223000kilogrammes, ard the quantity is ant
much greater.