The Sun.
London, England, 1862-06-14 00:00:00

CONGRES IN TERNATIONAL DE

BIENFAISANCE.

The Congress resumed its sittings yesterday at
Burlington House, Piccadilly, the Earl of Shaftes-

bury again taking the chair.
Mr. ROBERTS, F.S.A., read a paper on " Army
Sanitary Reform under the late Lord Herbert,"

which had been prepared by Miss Florence Night-
ingale, in consequence of a request made to her by
the Congress at their meeting last year at Brussels.

n the former Chinese war the 26th Cameronians,

consisting of 900 men, although a total abstinence
regiment, were so reduced by the want of sanitary
appliances, that only 20 could be got together at
the end of two months. At the beginning of the

Cr!meanwarthe death rate in the army was as high

as 60 per cent. But so great an improvement had
since taken place in sanitary matters that in the
last China war the mortality of British troops, in-
cluding the wounded, was little more than 3 per
cent. per annum, while the sick in hospital was
about the same as at home.
' •

Sir H: VERNEY dwelt on tha appalling fact that
2,000 soldiers died annually in the British army,
owing to diseases arising from vice, produced by
idleness, and which occupation only would remove
to a large extent.

Mr. E. CHADWICK read a paper on " Recent
Sanitary Improvements in England." Clearing
away cesspools had alone reduced the mortality
one-third--when combined with other rudimentary
sanitary weans fully one-half. The army mortality,
formerly 90 in 1,000 annually, had been reduced to
about 10.

Mr. J. T. HAMMACK, one of the hon. secretaries
of the Congress, read a paper on the ‘.‘ English
Census of the Blind and the Deaf and Dumb," from
his own pen ; and another, from that of Dr. Wilde,
of Dublin, on the " Blind in Ireland." Beth were
of opinion that much of those afflictions had arisen
from the combined influence of bad food and want

of sanitary appliances durir.g many generations.
A resolution was passed, asking the Governments
of different countries to appoint a commission of
inquiry on the subject of the blind and deaf and
dumb.
Mr. BURN, a blind man himself, said this was
what the blind and the deaf and dumb wanted; and
he hoped that the commission would examine the
sufferers themselves, and not rely on the reports of
institutions.
The Rev. R. G. BAKER, vicar of Fulham, read a
paper on " Measures for ameliorating the condition
of the Adult Deaf and Dumb among the Poor."
The CHAIRMAN said he had received a touching
letter from a deaf and dumb girl, suggesting that
if a copy of the deaf and dumb alphabet were
printed in every book, it would multiply a hundred-
fold the number of persons with whom she was able
to converse, and he had sent the letter to the Society
for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Compliance
with her request would not, he believed, cost the
society £lO a year.
Mr. ROBERTS read a short paper on " Improve-
ments in the Dwellings of the Working Classes."
M. AUGUST VISSCHERS, delegate from the Belgian
Government, introduced for discussion the question
whether the state should have the power of sepa-
rating from their parents children morally neglected
and charging the parents with their education, and
if necessary their maintenance? A committee,
after investigating the subject, had reported in the
affirmative, and the congress adopted their views.
Another question was whether attendance at
parochial schools should be compulsory, and if so,
under what form and limitation ?
M. VISSCIIERS spoke at length against making
the attendance compulsory, and moved the adoption
of resolutions to that effect.
The discussion on this point was prolonged and
animated ; and, finally, the resolutions were passed
by a considerable majority.

DOGS' DODGES.

That dogs are capable of scheming together, and
of carrying out their schemes jointly or separately,
no end of evidence might be collected. A curious
instance of this was once witnessed by my brother
and myself. We were walking through a by-street
in Islington, when there came trotting up the
street towards us two ragged, mud-spattered, cross-
bred zurs, with "tramp" and "beggar" visibly
written on their countenances. They wore young
dogs, however, and their poverty was no check on
their spirits, so they came rollicking along, push-
ing and cuffing each other, and performing such
tricks as naturally suggest themselves to young and
depraved minds resolved on vagabondage. Pre-
sently, however, the rather bigger dog assumed a
serious deportment—a change which his companion
no sooner observed than he, too, became suddenly
grave, and the two, instead of reckless canine ruf-
fians, appeared as slow-going, journey-worn poor
little dogs, to whom ever so stale a paunch would
be a gift for which to wag their tails till they were
loose with gratitude. Presently the bigger dog
left the road, and took to the pavement, along
which he slowly walked, while his friend trotted
ahead and then stretched himself in the shadow of
the curb, with his nose on his paws. Meanwhile,
dog number one slunk along the pavement with a
most cadger-like gait till he came to some private
houses whose areas were guarded by railings, Down
the first area the dog looked with a professional eye,
paused a moment, and passed on; so with the se-
cond ; but on reaching the third house, through the
kitchen window of which some of the inmates were
visible, he reared on his hind legs, and crooking his
front paws imploringly there he stood for at least a
minute. The folks in the kitchen, however, either
did not observe the petitioner, or else, knowing him
as an incorrigible beggar, did not think fit to en-
courage him. Anyhow, he did not get any relief,
though he waited long enough to tire his mate's
patience, as was evident by the latter getting up
and yawning frightfully. The beggar seemed, from
his experience of the stingy house, to augur ill of
the entire street; so, joining his friend, they ceased
to be hypocrites, and renewed the " larks" deferred
by the calls of business.—Beeton's Home Pets..""
(I 1."

MAGYAR WIVES.

(From the Dublin University Magazine.)
In Hungary a bride is called " Elad6
iLeany,"
the bought maiden," while thebridegroom
" Vevvo I.( geny," the buying youth; and
althou
d pugh
the custom custom of actual matrimonial sales an
s termed
no
nature—yet are
longer exists—disgracing human
articularly
wives more in subjection in I]lunagn
chases, which first gave occasion toaytrhyo:
with enchantment.
those of the lower class, thansannt
for. his wife which
Sphee other tit
countryles
evinces little er
in Europe. The Magyar
e master, perhaps a tyrant,
He is emphaticilly the .
none
eouonf
delighting in homage; while the
capricious, and ~,
to the austere rule with secret
woman submits submits
pinings, waiting on him with slavish fear, crushing
thatsurrounds
the noble,
of her womanhood, and only to her
down the pride
• children breathing, or daring to
unconscious
her touching
and affecting grief at her
breathe,
lot—married, yet feeling her affections un-
lonely
reciprocated—quaffing the cup of life's sorrows,
and yet meeting with neither tenderness nor pity.
one of the popular Hungarian ballads on this
subject (and it is from ballad literature we learn
the true characteristics of any people) has been
thus most simply, yet truthfully rendered
" Her labouring hands the meal must knead,
Her busy toil must bake the bread;
The priest may read his records o'er :
The lord and master take the air :
But there is nought but grievous care
And heavy labour for the, poor.
" As from the rock the mad case,;(lB ,
Falls—so did I—a thoughtless Med.—
Wed—when it had been well to tarry,
0, could I be unwed again,
domesticrnan l ye pi
rlecoalvee
That man must be a man of men,
Wb,o should seduce the maid to marry."