The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-17 00:00:00

IHE SUN, LONDON. WEDNESDAY EVE NANG% SEPTENIBEN 17, 1862.

Italian Government, borne down by these reflec-
tions far more than by any physical anguish or bodily
prostration, GARIBALDI—we have every reason to
fear
thein consequence
great peril of dying
wionunds inflicted upon him by the soldiers
of Italy, by the soldiers of VICTOR EMMANUEL, on
that fatal Calabrian height of Aspromonte ! Our
one immediate consolation while saying this is,
not unnaturally, the remembrance of the fact
that medical aid from England is now
fast approaching the prison fortress of Varignano.
Sustained, thus, in some measure in the midst of
our fears for the life of this great man—infamously
treated by his ungrateful Government, and we must
in simple, honest truth say also by his ungrateful
SOVEREIGN—we recall to mind with a poignant
sense of indignation, at the same time, that for the
wounds inflicted upon GARIBALDI (wounds now
threatening, at least one of them, to be mortal), for
this cruel treatment of the Hero of Italy, the
Colonel of the victorious Bersaglieri (victorious,
save the mark !) was at once promoted to be what he
is now—General PALLAVICINI. The thought of
that shameful promotion of an officer in the Italian
Army, for doing what is recognised now seriously
to have endangered the life of General GARI-
BALDI, is almost intolerable, when it is coupled with
the thought of what is occurring in that sick room
in the fortress of Varignano! What possibly can
be said, however, of the astounding announcement,
the almost incredible announcement, given to the
world, through the columns of the Correspondance
Franco-Italienne? Namely, that the late Colonel,
the now General EMILIo PALLAVICINI, of
Aspromonte notoriety, has been rewarded
for his exploit in the Calabrias by his nomi-
nation by the Emperor NAPOLEON as a Knight
Commander of the Legion of Honour. Hardly (we
cannot but feel) is this to be believed! Supposing
it were to prove actually to be the case, it would be
in outrage to the right feeling and public sense of
decency throughout all Europe. It is incredible,
nevertheless, that a shrewd, keen-witted man like
the present Ruler of France could so gratuitously
and flagrantly outrage Public Opinion throughout
Europe by transmitting a reward of this kind to the
leader of the Italian soldiers who shot down GARI-
BALDI at Aspromonte.

The members for Oxfordshire have just now been
starring it at Woodstock. Last evening a grand
banquet was, to this end, given to those
gentlemen, in the Town Hall of Wood-
stock. The occasion which afforded the opportu-
nity for this demonstration being, the recurrence
of the annual Woodstock Horticultural and Agri-
cultural Society's Show—a show witnessed in Blen-
heim Park, thanks to the courteous permission of the
Duke of MARLBOROUGH. It is hardly necessary
to say, in regard to the guests in whose honour
especially this banquet of yesterday was given, that
the place of honour was by very general consent
accorded—we might say, as a matter of course—to
Mr. HENLEY. And this not by any means whatever
as that right honourable gentleman himself
in no affected modesty (for there is not a particle
of affectation of any sort or kind about
him), but in his blunt simplicity—would
have us believe, because, as he expresses it, he
has lost the opportunity of serving the country
for a longer period than his gallant colleagues.
Nothing of the kind, Mr. HENLEY : don't believe
it ! The reason Mr. HENLEY'S name is regarded
with so much favour far beyond the borders of
Oxfordshire, why his career in Parliament and
in office is looked upon with peculiar respect
by men of all parties and of all shades of
political opinion, is—much more than the reason
given by Mr, HENLEY himself—the opinion of Col.
NORTH,one of these same colleagues of Mr. HENLEY
in the representation of Oxfordshire. Alluding to
the opportunities he himself had had of observing
the right hon. gentleman's conduct in the House of
Commons, Colonel Nonni said last evening towards
the close of this banquet at Woodstock—(and in
saying what follows, what Liberal, w hat Whig, or
Radical amongst us all shall assert that the gallant
colleague of Mr. HENLEY spoke in any respect
extravagantly ?)—that " he believed that no county
was more honestly and more ably represented
than was Oxfordshire by his right hon. friend
Mr. HENLEY. Those whom he now addressed
should not forget that when he (Mr. HENLEY)
was the distinguished member of the Govern-
ment he did not hesitate one moment to give
up office rather that. assist in carrying a measure
in which he could not honestly agree. In the
House of Commons there were constantly brought
under consideration questions the details of which
it was not easy to master, and in respect of which
there was considerable difference of opinion. On
such occasions he had always found himself able to
adopt the course taken by his right hon. friend;
because he found invariably that the conduct of
Mr. HENLEY was dictated by honour and honesty,
and was such as tended to promote the best interests
of his constituents." It is the sterling honesty of
the man that is the secret of his popularity—
seasoned and flavoured, as that honsety is, with a
blunt, racy humour, always the especial delight
of Englishmen, but particularly so when it
is (as in Mr. HENLEY'S instance) spontaneously
indulged in as the natural mode of expres-
sion of a keen wit, and of an integrity of
principle beyond the reach even of a doubt as to
its being just and truthful ! "Stiff in opinion,"
Mr. HENLEY invariably is—but, Tory though he
be to the marrow of his bones, he is not by any ,
means "Al ways in the wrong !" For from this—
often, as many of the Liberals, both within and
without the House of Commons, will frankly ad-
mit, often hitting the right nail on the head, and,
when so hitting it, driving it well home with
a good sledge-hammer blow.

According to a contemporary, nothing more is
requisite to placing English artillery above that of
all the world.than that Mr. WHITWORTH should—
put on Sir WM. ARMsTONG'S breeches ! With such
a combination we are told that "England would
possess ordnance which might defy the iron fleets
and iron forts of all the world."

The experiments at Shoeburyness yesterday do
really seem to warrant some such conclusion. They
began with the celebrated " Mersey " or "HORS-
TALL"
gun, which has lain neglected much too long.
This monster gun is capable of throwing a 3001 b.
shot ; yesterday it threw one of 2701 b., with
a charge of 751bs. of powder, against a
Warrior target of 4f inch plates, with
18 inches of wood behind them, and from the
usual distance of 200 yards. As was expected, it
went clean through the whole. Artillerists, there-
fore, have now made it certain that they can pierce
any amount of plating which a ship Gan carry at
sea by
heavy shot, large charges, and high velo-
cities. The question, however, what the Mersey
gun could do at 1,000 yards from the Spithead
forts, if it could bit the moving ship, is of course
left untouched.

.....
But Mr. WIIITIVORTII'S experiments with his
flat-fronted hardened shells were yet more import-
ant. With his twelve-pounder he sent the shell
through a 21 inch iron-plating, such 110 is used
on :many continental gunboats, the shells
bursting through or in the target. But his 'Nibs.
shell went
completely through a four inch plate and
inchesnine of
oak, and exploded between that and

a second internal model of the side of a ship, and
shattered all to pieces ; and this was done with a
121 b. charge of powder. We really can hardly see
what Mr. WHITWORTH needs more. Sir W. ARM-
STRONG'S breeches when we last heard of them needed
a good deal of mending. We have not yet heard
whether the repairs were completed.

LATEST NEWS.

AMERICA.

ARRIVAL OF THE CITY OF WASHINGTON.
NEW YORK, SEPT. 6.

The defeat of the Federal armies at Bull's Run
and Centreville was complete. No estimate has
been made of the loss of life.
The Confederates captured large quantities of
ammunition, stores, and artillery.
The Federals under General Pope are entrench-
ing themselves on Arlington heights, to defend
Washington.

General M'Clellan is in command of the defences
of the capital.
Alexandria is filled with the dead and dying.

The Confederates remain masters of the recent
battle fields. The Federals had to leave their dead
unburied.

The report, circulated a few hours prior to the
departure of the Boston steamer, that Stonewall
Jackson was in full possession of Baltimore, with
40,000 men, via Leesburg, was premature. It is
universally believed that such is his intention, and
that he will enter Maryland by that or some other
point, and that it is neither the intention nor the
policy of the South t• make an attack on Wash-
ington.

The reappointment of M'Clellan has been satis-
fattory to the army, but has not been received with
equal favour by the public.
A proposition has been made to authorise
Generals Fremont and Mitchell to raise each an army
of 50,000 men. It is asserted that Abolitionists
will gladly serve under those Generals who would
not otherwise take part in the war. It is not be-
lieved that the President will accept the proposi-
tion.

The whole male population of Cincinnati are in
arms, or working on the fortifications, t, defend the
city against the Confederate army of Kentucky,
under General Kirby Smith, who threatens both
this city and Louisville.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

The money market is greatly excited. Gold
reached a premium of 19 yesterday, but afterwards
fell to 18k.

(Per City of Washington, by Telegraph to Cape
Race, and from Queenstown.)
NEW YORK, SEPT. 8, Evening.

General Pope has been relieved from the command
of the army in Virginia, and is assigned to the com-
mand in the north-west.

Nearly all the Confederate troops have been with-
drawn from before Washington.
A Confederate force 5,000 strong has grossed the
Potomac at Point of Rocks, and occupied Frederick,
Maryland. They were enthusiastically received by
the Secessionist inhabitants, but the Unionists left
the town. They have promised to protect all pri-

vate property.
The latest reports state that General Jackson is
at Frederick, with 40,000 men.
It is reported that the Confederates propose to
destroy the Western Central Pennsylvanian Rail-
road, and operate in Pennsylvania, having ulterior
designs on Washington and Baltimore.
The Governor of Pennsylvania has forwarded
large bodies of troops to the entrance of Cumber-
land Valley to resist the invasion.
The Confederate pickets extend from Frederick
seven miles towards Hagerstown.
Large bodies of Federal troops are being trans-
ported from Washington to the Upper Potomac.
The Confederate movements in Frederick have
cut off the reinforcements for the Federal troops
at Martinsburg and Harper's Ferry.
Four hundred Confederates attacked the Federals
at Martinsburg, but were repulsed.
General Bragg is marching on Nashville, which
General Buell has ordered to be evacuated.
Great excitement prevails at Fort Monroe.
The Confederate ram, Merrimac No. 2, has been
seen below Fort Darling, going in the direction of
Newport. Arrangements have been made to re-
ceive her.
The Governor of Indiana has ordered all citizens
between 19 and 45 years of age, residing in the
border counties to repel invasion.
The Federal Government is well supplied with

arms.
Another English steamer has been captured off
Charleston.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
NEW YORK, SEPT. 8, EVENING.
Money easy. Gold 19 per cent. premium.
Exchange advancing. Bankers' bills 1301 to 131 g.
Stocks firm and advancing.
Large speculative sales have taken place in cotton.
Midling upland, 55c.
Flour steady. Wheat and corn heavy. Provi-
sions dull.

(Per Hibernia, via QuEbec and Londonderry.)
NEW YORK, SEPT. 6, MORNING.

The Federal army has resumed precisely the same
position around Washington which it held pre-
viously to its departure for the peninsula.
More Confederates aro reported to be moving
through Thoroughfare Gap and to be branching off
in the direction of Harper's Ferry.
Gen. Stonewall Jackson has entered Leesburgh,
and is pushing on to Harper's Ferry.
The New York Herald contains a rumour that
a battle was progressing at Poolesville, Maryland,
between the Confederates and the Federals under
Gen. Sumner, whose corps was thrown forward
to intercept the Confederates in their attempt to
cross the Potomac.

Various rumours are current of some fighting at
Poolesville, but nothing definite can be ascer-
tained.

The Federals have evacuated Acquia Creek.
The New York Herald reports that the Confede-
rate General Bragg is marching towards the Ohio
river, through Western Virginia, with 20,000

men.

The Governor of Pennsylvania has issued a pro-
clamation, calling upon the people throughout the
State to form Volunteer organisations.

The Government clerks in Washington have
commenced drilling.

The New Fork limes thinks that, unless the
Federal Cabinet is reinforced with new vigour and
ability, the Union cause will be overthrown.

The New York War Committee propose to raise
two armies of 50,000 men each, to be commanded
by Generals Fremont and Mitchell. They are to
be raised under Federal authority ;• but
if Govern-
ment refuses them, under some other authority.

The Governors of Maine, New Hampshire, Mas-
sachusetts, and Rhode Island are holding council in
Providence.

General HaNeck has refused to call out the New
York City Militia, asserting that they declined to
remain when the danger was more imminent than
now. Ali the Colonels of the Militia regiments
indignantly deny this statement. The controversy
con tinues.

Louisville is greatly excited by the report that
have attacked the Unionists at
the Confederates
Shellyville, 30 miles distant.
The Confederates, under Breekinridge and Van

Dorn, threaten New Orleans from the direction of
Carrodson (?).

Wilson's Zeuaves are expected at New Orleans,
It is officially announced that whenever coupons
of Federal stock are payable in foreign countries no
thAluction will be made for the tax ; but on divi
dends and coupons payable in America the tax will
be deducted without regard to the residence of the
owner.

TURIN, SEPT. 17, Evening.

The Italia Militare of to-day publishes the re-
port of Colonel Santarosa, asserting the falsity of
the accusations made by the Radical journals re-
specting the pretended ill-treatment of Garibaldi
and his fellow-prisoners in the fort of Varignano.
The authorities of Naples and Sicily continue,
during the present state of siege, to rid the coun-
try of the Bourbon partisans.

Some Pontifical Carabineers, having carried off
the Italian flag hoisted by the railway workmen on
the confines of the Italian territory, Commandant
Ceprano demanded satisfaction from the Roman
Government. General Montebello caused the res-
titution of the flag.

PARIS, SEPT. 16.

The Constitutionnel of this evening categorically
denies the truth of the news that the Council of
Ministers had discussed the question of dissolving
the Chambers, and that it had been submitted to
the Emperor for decision.
The Patrie says—" It is not true that General
Forey's force will be increased to 60,000 men.
30,000 men will be more than sufficient to secure
the success of the expedition."

The Paris papers of this evening publish the fol-
lowing telegram, dated Relgrade, 16th inst. :

" The Turks have broken the armistice at Ougitza,
and attacked and sabred the Servian sentries. A
conflict followed, which was only interrupted by
night. It was renewed to-day, when the Turks
lost all their positions outside the fortress."

BERLIN, SEPT. 16.

In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies
the proposition of the Committee on the Military
Budget was agreed to by 273 against 68 votes.

TURIN, SEPT. 16.

It has been officially notified to the Italian Go-
vernment that the Portuguese squadron, with the
Marquis de Loule on board, has left Lisbon for
Genoa.

The Court of Cassation at Naples has, through
considerations of public safety, determined that the
trial of Garibaldi shall not take place in one of the
assize courts in the Calabrias, and has delegated to
the Court of Cassation at Milan the duty of desig-
nating another court.
The health of Garibaldi is somewhat worse.

The DiscuBsione of this evening says :
" The statement that a note has been despatched
by the Italian Government to Paris is premature,
" The false rumour of a forthcoming loan was
again circulated to-day, and caused some flatness on
the Bourse."

BERNE, SEPT. 6.

The Italian Government has despatched a circu-
lar note to its representatives abroad, a copy of
which has been communicated to the Federal
Council.

In this note the speedy defeat of the insurrec-
tionary movement of Garibaldi is adduced as a proof
of the consolidation of the state of things in Italy.
It is stated also that this insurrection, on the other
hand, constitutes an urgent demand to grant to
Italy her capital, as Garibaldi, although acting in
an ill( gal manner, nevertheless expressed the
thought of all Italians.