The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-18 00:00:00

niE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 18. 1865.

LAW INT.

.This Day.

SIIERIFFg" COVRT.
(Bofore Mr. Commissioner Kerr.)

BATEMAN T. THE GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY.

This was an aotion to recover £lB 13s. damages arising
out of the non-delivery of six watches, aportion of a parcel,
entrusted to tho defendants to deliver at Norwich.

Mr. Lewis, of Ely-place, for the plaintiff, stated that his
client, on August 6th last, booked at defendants' station
a parcel of watches, which were consigned to Mr. Rudd,
Norwich. Those watches were not delivered, and the pre-
sent action was brought to recover the value.
His Honour—Does any one appear for the defendants ?
Mr. Barnard (instructed by Mr. Ashloy)—l do.
His Honour—What is your answer ?

Mr. Barnard—The Carriers' Act. Your Honour will re-
member the case of Baxendale and Hart, in which it has
been decided that the first duty is on the sender. Here the
value of the goods is £lB, and there is no declaration of
value.

Mr. Lewis was of opinion that the company ought to
have informed plaintiff that he was bound to declare the
value of the goods.
Mr. Barnard said that the Court of Error had expressly
decided that they were not.
Mr. Lewis then urged that plaintiff sued the company in
trover.

His Honour—How can you prove trover when you de-
livered the goods to the decendants as carriers? You seek
to make the company liable as common carriers, and they
set up the Carriers' Act, under which you are bound to
declare the value of the goods. You did not do so, and I
ask you how do you get over the defence ?
Mr. Lewis—l elect to be nonsuited.

Plaintiff nonsuited, and costs allowed to defendants.

A CHEQUE NOT A LEGAL TENDER-JONES V. BOUNSWELL.

This was a case in which the defendant did not dispute
the amount, and, indeed, had paid the debt into court.
Mr. J. A. Farnfield now applied for costs.
Defendant did not think that costs should be allowed,
as he had tendered the money before action.
Mr. Farnfield said that the tender was not a legal one,
as it had been made by cheque.
His Honour—A cheque is clearly not a legal tender.
Defendant—So I have since learned, but my credit had
not expired when I was sued.

His Honour laboured hard to explain to the defendant
that by paying the money into court he had waived all
question of defence, but defendant considered ho was very
hardly dealt by, lamented the absence of his attorney, and
thought that his Honour was entirely wrong.
His Honour allowed defendant the costs of attorney.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE—This Day,

offender, the receiver, who could not be placed in the dock
owing to an accident since she had been in custody. The girl
stole a coat from her master's house last Saturday, and he
missed it on Sunday. Tho girl was discharged from the
service of he'r master, and when the robbery was mentioned
to her father an inquiry was instituted, and her mother
brought her to Mr. Farrow yesterday morning, and she
admitted having stolen the coat. She was asked where
it was, and sho said she had sold it to Mrs. Herdsman for
half-a-crown. The receiver was taken ill in the station-
house, and fainted away. She was seven months advanced
in pregnancy, and it was feared she would miscarry.
Mr. Farrow having confirmed the statement of his soli-
citor, the girl was asked what she had to say in answer to
the charge.

The girl, with great simplicity, said—Please, sir, what
am I say ?

Mr. Daniel Bose, surgeon, of Connaught-place, Com-
mercial-road, said the prisoner Lucy Herdsman, of Old
Gravel-lane, was labouring under uterine hemorrhage,
which in all probability would terminate in a miscarriage.
She was not in a fit state to be brought to the Court.
Mr. Paget remanded the girl for a week.
Mr. C. Young said it was not the wish of Mr. Farrow
that the child, for so he might with propriety call her,
should be sent to prison, and asked that she might be bailed
until the leaving-shop keeper could attend to answer the
charge of feloniously receiving the coat.
Mr. Paget said as the application for bail came from
the prosecutor ho would accede to it ; and the sureties
offered having been accepted, the girl was liberated.
Police-sergeant Smith, No. 47 K, said that the woman
Herdsman was in custody at the station-house and at-
tended by a female. He asked what ho was to do with
her.

Mr. Paget could give no directions in the matter. The
woman was not before him. If the police thought proper
to discharge her, they could take her into custody again
when she was sufficiently recovered to be brought to the
court.

Mr. Livingstone, chief usher of the court, said that in
the cases of people attempting to commit suicide and other
offences, where the parties charged were too ill to be
brought before a magistrate, they were removed to a work-
house and taken charge of until sufficiently recovered.
There would be no difficulty in keeping the woman in a
workhouse and providing her with medical attendance
until she recovered from her illness.

The husband of the woman said his wife was in danger,
and she might die through being taken into custody.
Mr. Charles Young—Her arrest can be justified. She is
charged with receiving stolen property.

South Australia.

(From the South Australian Register.)

ADELAIDE, Aug. 26.
There have been some fine rains during the month,
which, however; havo not extended to the Far North.
The flocks are suffering- most severely, and the loss of
property has been immense. It is feared that the season
is now too far advanced to warrant the expectation that
rain in any sufficient quantities will fall. The sheep on
some stations havo died by thousands.
A commission, consisting of the Hon. C. Bonney, Mr.
W. Cavenagh, M.P., and Mr. Valentine, Chief Inspector
of Sheep, has started for the north to inquire into the con-
dition of the runs there. Their report will be looked for
with much anxiety.
The wheat crops, though more backward than usual,
are looking very well and promising. A great breadth of
land is under cultivation for wheat.

Parliament was prorogued by his Excellency on the 4th
of August. It is understood that both Houses will meet
again about the close of September.
The Government have summoned Mr. Finniss to Ade-
, . _ _

laide, and the party at Adam Day will remain, during his
absence, in charge of Mr. Manion. They have engaged
Mr. McKinlay for 12 months to explore and report upon
the northern territory, and the site of the capital will re-
main meanwhile abeyance.
Mr. W. P. Auld, lately returned from the Northern Ter-
ritory, has been brought before the Police-court by warrant,
charged with the murder of an aborigine near to Escape
Cliffs. Ho has been remanded for a weel-, and bail refused.
The Government are about to charter a vessel to take Mr.
McKin'ay and his party to Adam Bay, and to bring
back Mr. F:nniss. It is said Mr. McKinlay's instructions
are to ascend the Liverpool and probably the Roper Rivers,
so as to examine thoroughly the country now unknown. It
is expected the vessel will sail in about a fortnight.
The annual lessees of waste lands, whose runs have been
sold by the Government, have refused to give up possession.
An attempt has been made to impound the stock, which
was resisted by the occupiers. The case has been before
the magistrates in Adelaide, who decided they had no ju-
risdiction. The matter will next come before the Supreme
Court.

A party of seven purchased as open boat at Escape Cliffs,
with which they sailed to Champion Bay, vid Camden Har-
bour, a distance of 2,500 miles, over a comparatively un-
known sea. Though exposed to much danger and suffering
many privations, they succeeded in safely reaching their
destination, and came on from King George's Sound by the
mail steamer. Much anxiety was fe!t about the party
when it was known they had started on such a perilous
voyage in a small boat, and their appearance in Adelaide
safe and well was a cause of much saasfaction.

The natives in the Far Norl are still troublesome,
owiig, it is presumed, to the scarcity of their usual food.
They are said to be suarin,g terrible privations.
Mr. G. S. Walters has resigned the Agent-Generalship
of the colony in England. No successor has yet been ap-
pointed.

A strong feeling has been expressed in favour of work-
ing the mall service Ga!le by a Colonial Steam Company.
It is believed all the colonies would look favourably on a
movement of this kind. The Legislative Council have
passed a resolution in -favour of such a scheme.
The Devon flour mills, Pore Adelaide, have been de-
stroyed by fire. Insured, entirely in British offices, for
£B,OOO.

The immigration to Port Adelaide to August 19 has been
4,144; emigration, 1,905.
The cereal exports to August 19, out ports included,
amount to £940,964 03. 3d.
The Custo.ns' receipts to August 19, out ports included,
are £153,489 13s. 6d.

The imports and exports at Port Adelaide only to Aug.
19 are—imports, £1,672,560, exports, £1,429,529.
Tho total quantity of laud sold to Aug. 24 was 206,903
acres, yielding £332,534 2s. 9d.
The railway receipts on both lines to Aug. 19 amounted
to £90,089 13s.
Exchange.—All the banks except the Union sell 60 days'
bills at 11 per cent. premium, and purcha3e the same at par.
The Union sell GO days' draughts at 1 premium, and pur-
chase document bills at per cent., and Bank bills at 1 per

cont. premium.

Shares.—Burra, £6O ; Moonta, C.D., £171; Karkarilla,
£lB ; Adelaide Bank, £1 Bs. ; National Bank, £6 7s. 6d. ;
South Australian Insurance, £2 3s. Gd. ; Adelaide Marine
Insurance, £1 12s; Adelaide Gas, £lO 4s.
Copper.—Burrs and Wallaroo, £B5 per ton.
Flour, fine, silk-dressed, £lB to £l9 per ton of £2,000,
at the port.
Wheat, per bushel of 601 b, at 7s. 9d. to Bs. hi.
Arrived.—Goolwa, Norman Morrison, Aboyno, and
Charnel Queen, from London ; Kohinoor, from Tome.
Sailed.—Doors, for Swansea (via Wallaroo); Akbar, for
Guam; Crown and Coorong, for Mauritius.

Gale's Protected Gunpowder in Ame Lica.

Mr. Handel Cossham, who left England a. short
time since, with Sir Morton Peto and other English
capitalists, for a visit to the United States, has there
introduced Gale's process for protecting gunpowder
with the same success as has attended the experi-
ments in England. We take the following from a
New York paper :
"An interesting series of experiments were tried
yesterday afternoon in one of the yards of the
Jersey City Locomotive Works, at Jersey City, for
the purpose of testing a newly-invented process for
rendering gunpowder non-explosive. The process
is of English origin, and is the invention of Mr.
Gale, electrician, of Plymouth, England. It is
introduced into this country by Mr. Handel
Cossman, one of the party of English tourists,
who have recently been travelling through the
States, by whom the experiments were conducted.
The method, which is purely mechanical, consists of
mingling the explosive gunpowder with a certain
proportion of a non-explosive powder of a much
greater degree of fineness, so that each grain of gun-
powder is surrounded and isolated from its fellows
by a non-combustible wall, through which no fire
can penetrate. If, then, fire should be communi-
cated to any part of this mixture, only those grains
of powder will be burned which the fire actually
iouches. It will not flash through the entire mass.
Mr. Crossham commenced his experiments by
burning several simples of different qualities of
powder in open wooden vessels. They all flashed up
instantly on the application of a match or a red-hot
poker. He then took small quantities of the same
owder and mingled them in different propor-
ons with the non-explosive powder, which in
these exiperiments was simply common glass ground
to an almost impalpable dust. A mixture of
equal parts by weight of a fine quality of English
rifle powder with the glass dust, being set, on fire by
a paper match, burned like a squib, or a like a mix-
ture of dry and wet powder, the powder being en-
tirely consumed, but slowly, and without any ap-
pearance of explosion. A mixture of one part
gunpowder with two of glass was stirred up with a
red-hot poker. Some of the powder was consumed,
producing a succession of tiny jets of flame and
smoke as the hot poker came successively in contact
with the different grains; but, after a pretty thorough
stirring with the hot iron a considerable quantity o,
the powder was found to be still unburnt.

" Into a vessel containing one part of gunpowder
and three parts of glass dust a pyrotechnist's quick
match was placed, passing entirely through the mix-
ture. The match was then fired at both ends, and
burned entirely out without producing any appear-
pearance of explosion or even combustion in the
mixture.

" The residue remaining from each of these ex-
periments was then placed in a common sieve, and
the remaining powder was instantly and easily se-
parated from the glass dust. Each sample of

powder was then subjected to the same test as the
mixture had been, when each flashed up and burned
instantly, showing conclusively that no change had
occurred in the powder. Each of these experiments
was repeated over and over again, the fire or heat

being applied in different ways, and always with
the same results.

‘4 In order to show the-entire safety of the mixture
on a larger scale a common gunpowder keg was then
filled with four pounds of strong rifle powder, and
about nine pounds of non-explosive dust, and
placed upon the top of the fire in a portable furnace.
Some of the spectators at first seemed to think
that this was carrying the matter to extremes,
and showed a disposition to retire from the im-
mediate neighbourhood of the furnace, but the con-
fident manner of Mr. Cossham reassured them, and
they concluded to remain. The bottom of the keg
soon burned through, and its contents ran out into
the fire, causing a small burst of flame and smoke,

as a handful of any dry shavings might have done,
but not producing sufficient explosion to move the
empty keg from its position.

" Several variations of these tests were tried, but
always with the same results. The powder in com-
bination with a proper proportion of the glass dust
would not burn, but on being separated from it by
simply sifting the mixture it burned as readily and
exploded as forcibly as ever.

" The experiments seemed to prove conclusively
the entire correctness of the theory. It will be
seen that no chemical change takes place in the
powder. Its particles are simply separated from
each other by the interposition of a non-
combustible medium, so that fire does not
pass from one particle to another. That is all.
It may be objected that, by this mixing of the pow-
der, greater space is required for its storage, but on
this score the inventor claims that, by rendering the
powder perfectly safe, he is enabled to dispense with
the cumbrous precautions usually required in stor-
ing it, and so a quantity of his mixture stored in
bulk will really require little if any more space than
the same amount of powder stored in the usual way.
Also that the cost of the safety material will not
exceed that of the preparations now required to
attain, less efficiently, the same result.

44 As the greater part of the cost of gunpowder
now grows out of the precautions necessary to en-
sure safety in producing and keeping it, Mr. Coss-
ham thinks that a general adoption of this plan will
ultimately lead to a great reduction in the cost of
the article.

,L The process is protected by letters patent, both
in Europe and in this country."

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE—This day.

LONDON, Oct. 18.—Wind this day at noon—South.
Westerly; moderato breeze and cloudy weather, with
rain,

FALMOUTH, Oct. 17.—Wind S.W.—Sailed—Corandia
Bell, for London.

COWES, Oct. 17.—Wind S.E.—Arrived—Bavaria, scrow
steamer, from New York.
CARDIFF, Oct. 17.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Vulture,
from Stettin. Sailed—lsloaid, for the Cape of Good
Hope

gOUTIIAMPTON, Oct. IG.—Wind S.W.—Sailod—Had•
dington, for Bombay.

fRISTOL, OCt.
from Africa.

17.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Congo,

LIVERPOOL, Oct. 15.--Wind S.B.—Arrived—Blanche,
rom St. Nazairo ; Morning, from Shanghai. Sailed—Elise,
:or Rio Janeiro.

SWANSEA Oct. 16.—Wind S.E.—Arrived—Claymoro,
from Adelaide.

PORTSMOUTH, Oct. 16.—Wind S.W.—Arrived -Her Ma•
esty's ship Helicon, on a cruise.

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPILI
GRAVESEND, Wednesday Morning.
Arrivod, Oct. 17.—Zephyr, from Singapore; Aliwall,
from Guernsey; Wilhelmina, from Onega; Bose, from
Jacobstadt.

Arrived, Oct. 18.—Leo and Cologne, steamers, both from
Rotterdam; Cid, steamer, from Bordeaux ; Triton, steamer,
from Boulogne ; Velocity, steamer, from Calais ; Gibraltar,
steamer, from Cadiz ; Charente, steamer, from Lisbon ;
St. Petersburg, steamer, from St. Petersburg; Batavier,
steamer, from Rotterdam ; Holland, steamer, from Ostend ;
Scotia, steamer,jfrom Malaga ; Lord John Russell, steamer,
from Ostend. _ _ _ _

-- ---....
DEAL, Wednesday Morning.
Anchored.—Fairy, from London, for Bangkok.

RIFLE SHOOTING MATCH BETWEEN THE FIRST
MANCHESTER RIFLE VOLUNTEERS AND THE SCOTS
GREYS.—On Saturday an interesting rifle shooting match
took place between 10 sergeants of the First Manchester
Rifle Volunteers and 10 sergeants of the Scots Greys. Tho
contest came off on the ground of the former corps, at Ast-
ley, and the ranges were 100 and 200 yards, five rounds at
each distance, with carbines. The targets were as per re-
gelation, and the shooting of the two opponent squads was
very fair, considering that the Scots Greys scarcely ever
practise with the weapon, and the First Manchester being
totally unused to it ; but the latter corps has decidedly the
best of the match, as it is well known they are well up in
the use of the Enfield rifle. The match was won by the
sergeants of the First Manchester by 48 marks. The fol-
lowing are the scores of each squad :—First Manchester :
Sergeant Allison, 31; Sergeant Mitchell, 30 ; Sergeant
Instructor Heaton, 30 ; Sergeant Mellor, 28 ; Sergeant
Ridge, 28 ; Sergeant Walker, 25 ; Colour Sergeant H. Tay-
lor, 23 ; Sergeant Green, 20; Sergeant Gilson, 18 ; Sergt.
T. Taylor, 18 ; total, 251. Scots Greve Sergt. Masterson,
30 ; Sergeant Webb, 28 ; Sergeant Black, 26 ; Sergeant
Conrade, 23 ; Sergeant Instructor Gibson, 22 ; Sergeant
Ramsay, 19 ; Sergeant Hughman, 19 ; Sergeant M'Kay,
18; Paymaster Sergeant Brown, 12; Troop Sergeant
Major Liddle, 6 ; to:n1, 203. At the close of the contest
the competitors were marched to the canteen, where a
dinner was provided for them by the officers and non-com-
missioned officers of the First Manchester.