The Sun.
London, England, 1865-06-13 00:00:00

rHE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVEAING, JUNE 13, 1865.

In 1854, the Government of Lord Aberdeen proposed a

bill the effect of which would have been to substitute an

uniform oath, precisely in the terms of the oath now sug-

Bested in the bill before the house, to be taken by all
members of Parliament. That bill was opposed by the

right hon. gentleman (Mr. Disraeli) and the great party of
which he is the head. Again, in 1859, a bill identical to
the latter was proposed by the right hon. gentleman the
then Attorney-General for Ireland. But parties were
then so evenly balanced, that leave to introduce the
bill was only given by a small majority of ten. That bill
was also opposed by the right hon. gentleman and the
whole party opposite. Now what do we see ? We see the
bill proposed by my right hon. friend assented to, and the
principle affirmed by a large majority on two occasions.
Then Parliament refused to admit any alteration into the
form of oath. Now Parliament admits that there are parts
of that oath which it is desirable to expunge, and they limit
opposition to the parts which are involved in the amend-
ment of the hon. and learned gentleman the member for
Belfast. The result of our discussions has proved that these
questions now are likely to be entertained in a spirit of
greater fairness, greater moderation, and more Christian
charity than on any former occasion. I come now to what
the right hon. gentleman said at the close of his speech,
that he apprehended that if those words in the oath which
had reference to the settlement of property and the mainte-
nance of the Established Church in Ireland were omitted,
that strong feeling might be excited in this country disas-
trous to the Roman Catholics themselves. Let me remind
the right hon. gentleman of a fact to which I adverted on
the second reading of the bill, that every denomination of
Protestant Dissenters, whose zeal for Protestantism no one
can doubt, and whose sympathy for the tenets and doctrine
of the Church of Rome no one can suspect, have petitioned
the house that the bill may pass ; they think that the prin-
ciple which the bill contains is just and reasonable. We
come now to the only point at issue, whether we should
retain or not the words with reference to the maintenance
of property and the declaration that the Roman Catholic
members should not attemptto subvert the Protestant Esta-
blished Church. It is needless to argue that this oath does
not constitute any real defence of the Established Church.
The right hon. gentleman has freely conceded that, but he
seemed to imply that some other persons in this country
might deem that it did constitute a bulwark of the Esta-
blished Church, and that its abolition might excite feelings
detrimental to the Roman Catholics themselves. I think we
may well take our chance of such feelings as that arising.
Will any one state now that they think that retaining this
oath with regard to the Established Church is any bul-
wark at all to that Church, or to the Protestant interests
of this country ? I stated before that I thought the oath
unnecessary and ambiguous, and that was a reason why,
at all events, it should be modified. No one can attempt to
deny that part of this oath is ambiguous in its terms, and
that different interpretations have been put upon it; that it
does operate in the sense that those who are anxious to re-
tain it desire that it should. Ido not know what the right
hon. gentleman means by an alliance between the extreme
Liberal party and the Roman Catholic members of this
house for the subversion of the Established Church. It
was very shortly after that oath was framed Lord Derby,
then Secretary for Ireland, introduced the Church Tempo-
ralities Bill into this house—a bill which reduced the tem-
poralities of the Irish Church by a large amount, and re-
duced the number of archbishops and bishops ; but I never
heard that any reproach attached to the Roman Catholic
members of this house for supporting the Government of
which Lord Derby was then the organ in introducing that
bill. That bill was passed by a large majority, but no one
ever said that it was introduced with the intention of sub-
verting the Established Church. Other measures have been
since proposed, but certainly not with, the intention of sub-
verting the Established Church. I say nothing of the mo-
tion of the hon. member for Swansea (Mr. Dillwyn), to
which reference has been made. He proposed his measure
as a member of the Church of England, and that measure
was supported by the Roman Catholic members of the
house. But when the right hon. gentleman asks who is to
be judge what are the questions on which Roman Catholic
members are to vote, I say that a man's own conscience
must be judge of his own acts. The difficulty with regard
to this oath is that some feel that it is an obligation on their
conscience, and some feel that it is not, and we have no
right to think that either would act other than conscien-
tiously according to the uiows which they took. If the
oath is liable to this ambiguous construction, that is a
reason why it should not be maintained. (Hear, hear.) The
right hon. gentleman says he desires to see one uniform
oath for all members of Parliament, and hoped that we
should come to that. He, however, asked the right hon.
gentleman who introduced the bill (Mr. Monsell) to throw
his bill over in order that another bill might be introduced.
Now I also think that it would be most desirable for one
uniform oath to be established ; and if the present bill is
passed, the difference between the oath taken by the
Roman Catholic members and the Protestant members
will be so small that I cannot conceive it possible that we
should not soon come is one uniform oath. On the other
hand the amendment of the hon. and learned gentleman—
(Sir Hugh Cairns) would raise an inseparable barrier
against one uniform oath. The right hon. gentleman sup-
ports that amendment, and yet says that he desires to see
one uniform oath established. Does he mean to say that
he is about to propose an uniform oath, when it was one
which would impose upon Protestant Dissenters the de-
claration which is now taken by Roman Catholics, that
they will not attempt to subvert the Established Church ?
Why, the very insertion of the words of the amendment is
a declaration that he will not have one uniform oath, but
that he wishes to perpetuate distinctions between Roman
Catholic members—distinctions to which they attach no
value, and which are no security to the Established Church.
It is only those useless distinctions which we now wish to
abolish. For these reasons I oppose the adoption of the
amendment of the hon. and learned gentleman. I believe
the best thing to do under the present circumstances is to
pass the bill as proposed by the right hon. gentleman the
member for Limerick, reserving for future consideration,
which must soon come, whethetethere should not be one
uniform oath taken by all members. This bill will be one
important step towards the attainment of that object, and

for that reason I shall give it my support.'
Mr. WHITESIDE and Mr. HENLEY supported the
amendment, which was opposed by Mr. HORSMAN, who
denied that the existing oath was the result of any com-
pact entered into by the Roman Catholics in 1829, and
quoted the language of the late Sir Robert Peel in proof of
his assertion.

Mr. NEWDEGATE said he had been assured by the

late Mr. Goulburn that so far was Sir Robert Peel from
underrating the security of the oath which had been
adopted with the concurrence of the Irish Roman Catholic
prelates, that to the day of his death he had expressed his
approval of it as a means of saving the country from those
bitter controversies which it had always been his object
to calm and prevent.
The committee divided—
For Sir H. Cairns' amendment 147
Against
Majority against —l9
The announcement of the numbers was received with
cheers.

The clause as originally proposed was then agreed to,
and the preamble having also been agreed to, the Chairman
was ordered to report the bill without amendments to the

house.
The house then resumed.
RECORD OF TITLE (IRELAND) BILL.
The bill passed through committee.
POOR LAW BOARD CONTINUANCE BILL.

Mr. VILLIERS, in moving that the Poor-law Board
Continuance Bill be read a second time, explained that it
did not effect any substantial change in the constitution of
the commission, but simply continued it for the limited
period of three years. The remainder of the provisions
were founded upon the recommendations in the report of
the select committee.
Mr. HENLEY thought that as the bill was based upon
tie report of a committee which had sat throe or four
sessions, it was rather hard upon the house that it should
have been delayed until so late a period when the days of
Parliament were numbered. A Cabinet Minister had
issued his address to his constituents in view of the com-
ing election, and it was impossible to communicate with
persons in the country upon the details. For example, the
measure would sweep away the Gilbert unions without
their having an opportunity of being heard in their de-
fence. He would not oppose the second reading, however,
but reserve to himself perfect freedom of action in com-
mittee for the purpose of limiting the continuance of the
board to one year, leaving the other matters for the present
untouched.
Lord R. CECIL pointed out several provisions in the
bill which were not recommended by the select committee,
but had been introduced by the framer of the measure on
his own responsibility. In his opinion the preferable
course would be to pass a simple continuance bill for one
year, reserving the question of a further continuance, or
the permanent establishment of the board, until the meet-
ing of the new Parliament.
Mr. KINNAIRD believed the Government would gain
nothing by pressing forward the bill in its present shape,
especially as it had only been in the hands of members
since Friday last.
Sir J. TROLLOPE and Mr. NEATE urged the President of
the Poor-law Board to content himself with simply pro-
posing a continuance bill for one year.
The discussion was continued by Lord E. HOWARD, who
expressed his surprise at the anxiety of hon. gentlemen to
bring the session to a close and go down into the country,
and by Mr. Davenport Bromley, Mr. A. Mills, Mr. Newde-
gate, Mr. Hibbert, Mr. Hennessy, Sir J. Shelley, and Sir
W. Jolliffe, all of whom pointed out some omissions and
defects in the bill, which rendered any attempt to carry it
through Parliament in its existing shape utterly futile.
Mr. PACKE moved, as an amendment, and Sir M. W.
RIDLEY seconded it, that the bill read a second time on
that day three months.
In the course of his reply, Mr. VILLIERS said that all the
objections which had been raised against the second read-
ing were only so many reasons why the bill should be read
a second time, and go into committee: He intimated his
readiness, however, to withdraw some clauses of minor
importance to which exception had been taken.
was negatived by 76
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house adjourned at twenty minutes to three o'clock.

THE UNITED STATES.

(From a Correspondent of eke Tunes.)
PHILADELPHIA, May 30.
On the 26th of May all the Confederate armies
west of the Mississippi were surrendered by their
commander, General E. Kirby Smith, to the

Federal General Canby at New Orleans. The terms
of surrender were similar to those given General

Lee's army in Virginia ; all the officers and men
are to give their paroles not to bear arms against
the United States, and are to go home and engage
in peaceful pursuits. The faith of the United
States is guaranteed that they will not be molested
so long as they obey their paroles. The num-
ber of men surrendered by Kirby Smith was
about 25,000. Forty general officers were sur-
rendered ; among them Lieutenants - Generals S.
B. Buckner, J. B. Hood, and Sterling Price ;
Major-:Generals Clark, Hindman, and Magru-
der ; and Brigadier-Generals Bee, Pike, Slaugh-
ter, and Prince Polignac. There is now no armed
force of the Confederates east or west of the Missis-
sippi, and the war is ended. The last.battle of the
v3ar was one at El Pasco del Chico, near Brownsville,
Texas, between a Federal foraging party 300 strong
and some Teian cavalry. The foragers were driven
into Brownsville with a loss of 70, mostly prisoners.
The war being thus officially and really ended the
Federal Government is busily engaged upon the
great questions involved in the reconstruction of the
Union. The effect of Mr. Lincoln's assassination
upon the public mind is entirely spent. The desire
among the Northern people for reconciliation with
the Southis universal. The friendly spirit soprevalent
before Lincoln's death has returned. Orders have
been issued for the unconditional pardon and release
of all political prisoners confined in various parts of
the country upon sentences by court-martial of im-
prisonment during the war. This is to be followed
by an order for the release of all other political pri-
soners whose offences were not of a criminal nature.
It is generally believed that by the middle of June
there will be scarcely any State prisoners in confine-
ment. By various orders issued during the past
month nearly 50,000 Confederate prisoners of war,
confined in various parts of the North, have been
released. :Almost all have been sent to their homes
in the South.

Yesterday, May 29, President Johnson issued
his great amnesty proclamation. He grants to all
persons who have directly or indirectly participated
in the rebellion, excepting such as are hereafter
specified, amnesty and pardon, with the restoration
of all rights of property, except as to slaves, and
except where legal proceedings for confiscation have
begun, on condition that such persons take an oath.
The oath is that the person who takes it will sup-
port, protect, and defend the Constitution and the
Union of the States, and abide by all laws and pro-
clamations made during the war to secure emanci-
pation. The various classes of persons excepted
from the benefits of the amnesty are the following—
All civil and diplomatic officers of the Confederacy ;
all who left judicial stations under the United States
to aid the rebellion; Confederate military officers
above the rank of colonel ; naval officers of higher
grade than lieutenant ; all below those grades who
resigned commissions in the United States' army or
navy to aid the rebellion, or were educated at West
Point or the Naval Academy ; all persons who left
seats in the Federal Congress or left their homes in
the North to aid the rebellion ; all persons who
treated Northern prisoners unlawfully, or engaged in
privateering, or made raids from Canada ; all per-
sons who have been or are absentees from the United
States for the purpose of aiding the rebellion ; all
Governors of Southern States ; all who at the time
they ask to take the amnesty oath are in custody,
. and all who participated in the rebellion and have
taxable property worth more than $20,000. It is
provided, however, that any one in these excepted
classes may make special application for pardon to
the President, "and such clemency will be liberally
extended as may be consistent with the facts of the
case and the peace and dignity of the United States."
The great number of exceptions to the pardon is
considered harsh,- but the proviso somewhat miti-
gates this. The proclamation itself is considered as
an evidence that Johnsoh wishes to restore the Union
as perfectly as it can be done excepting slavery, so
that the States may have the same rights as they
enjoyed before the war. Many of the persons ex-

cepted will no doubt apply for pardon, but as every
one, North and South, now seems anxious to restore
the Union and return to peaceful pursuits, the pro-
clamation will soon become a dead letter. The ex-
ception of all persons whose property amounts to
$20,000 savours a little of Johnson's "plebeian"
ideas. The proclamation shows the triumph of the
Conservatives, in the fact that no provision is made
for negro suffrage in the South. A division in the
Cabinet upon this point delayed its promulgation
for over a week.
The Attorney-General of the United States has
decided that although the war is over the Confisca-
tion Acts are in full force. This is modified by the
proclamation, however, and the law now seems to be
that in all cases where confiscations have been made
or legal proceedings to that end are begun the Con-
fiscation Act is in force ; but no new proceedings
under it are to be instituted, except in case of sen-
tence for treason, and where owners -of property

refuse to take the amnesty oath. There are in the

South many abandoned plantations, cultivated by
emancipated negroes under the superintendence of
the Freedmen's Bureau. General Howard, the head
of this bereau, has issued an order that these plan-
tations cannot be restored to their owners unless the
negroes be given the growing crops or compensation
therefor. It looks very much as if these plantations
would ultimately be restored to their owners, many
of whomehave already taken steps to reclaim them.
Their cultivation by the United Stateshasbeen found
expensive and unprofitable, and in many cases has
been given up. Among those who have applied for
the restoration of their estate is Mrs. General Lee.
She claims her estate at Arlington, opposite Wash-
ington.
The reports that Jefferson Davis has been mana-
cled in his prison at Fortress Monroe has been con-
tradicted. Armed guards are constantly in his cell.
Clement C. Clay is confined at Fortress Monroe. The
families of these prisoners were refused permission
to stay there, so as to be near them, and have been
sent to Savannah. This rigour on the part of the
Government does not meet with popular approval.
By the request of the Government the grand jury
of Washington have found true bills of indictment
for treason against Davis and Breckenridge. The
law on this subject is that no charge of treason
shall be sustained unless supported by the testimony
of two -witnesses to the same overt act. The overt
act laid in the indictment is the Confederate raid
into the district of Columbia in July, 1864, and
Francis P. Blair, sen., General Hardin, and several
other persons living in the suburbs of Washington,
whose property was destroyed by the raid, are the
witnesses. Under this indictment Davis has been
demanded for trial by the District of Columbia
Supreme Court, presided over by Judge Carter.
Arrests are made almost daily of persons distin-
guished in the South. Ex-Governor Letcher, of
Virginia, Governor Watts, of Alabama, James A.
Seddon, Secretary of War, and Judge Campbell, of
Alabama, have been taken into custody within the
past few days. There are rumours that Gen. Lee is
to be arrested, but nothing has yet been done that
indicates it. On the 17th of May a small boat, con-
taining seven white men and a negro, was picked up
off the Florida coast. They gave assumed names,
but some of them arc supposed to be distinguished
Confederates. Two of them were afterwards dis-
covered to be Senator Harris, of Missouri, and Gen.
Hamilton. They were trying to escape to Havannah.
In almost every Southern State there are move-
ments looking to reconstruction. President Johnson
has begun the work by a proclamation for recon-
struction in .North Carolina. He appoints W. W.
Holden Provisional Governor. Mr. ifolden will be
remembered as a Union man who opposed Vance
for Governor, and who is editor of a Union news-
paper at Raleigh. Mr. Holden is to prescribe rules
and regulations for calling a State Convention as
soon as may be, the Convention to have power to
do every act necessary to restore the State to the
Union. No person is to be a delegate in the Con-
vention or to be a voter at an election for delegates
until he shall have taken the amnesty oath I have
quoted above, and unless he is a voter qualified by

the laws of North Carolina in force before the State
seceded in 1861. This proclamation is another
Conservative triumph, as it excludes negro suffrage.
The State Convention is to prescribe the qualifica-
tions of electors and office-holders in North Caro-
lina. In addition to this the President's proclama-
tion directs that post-offices, tax collectors' offices,
Custom-houses, &c., are to be re-opened in the State.
This proclamation settles the principles upon
which every State will be restored to the Union.
It classes Johnson with the State Rights party, and
is in accordance with the views of the strictest school
of that party. The Radicals of all classes are
thoroughly discomfited. The proclamation will do
more to pacificate the South than any act since
Lee's surrender. Movements looking to reconstruc-
tion have begun in several States. The State Legis-
lature of Mississippi has met and passed resolutions
instructing Governor Clark to appoint three com-
missioners to be sent at once to Washington to
confer with President Johnson upon the practicabi-
lity of calling a State Convention to restore Missis-
sippi to the Union. Meetings advocating recon-
struction have been held in many parts of Georgia
and Alabama. The people in all the States gene-
rally express a willingness to part with their slaves,
if necessary to restore tranquillity. Governoqier-
pont has established the new State Government of
Virginia at Richmond. On the 25th of May an
election was held, under an order of Pierpont's, to
fill vacancies in the Legislature. Every voter took
an oath of allegiance, and prominent Confederates
were in all cases elected. The Legislature is strongly
opposed to Pierpont, and there is some indication
that the Federal Government will declare the elec-
tion void.

Every one is so wrapped up in reconstruction that
the foreign policy of the Government is almost
neglected. There is a strong wish to be on friendly
terms with England and France. The Government
has discountenanced the enlistments for the Mexican
Liberals, and the fever to go to Mexico has almost
died away. A very economical fit has seized the
people at Washington. They are retrenching
expenditures in all quarters, and discharging
employe's by wholesale. The expense of foreign
quarrels, if nothing else, and the generosity pro-
duced by a course of fortune just now, make the
Government peculiarly placable towards its neigh-
bours.

As Kirby Smith's army has surrendered, it is
thought that Sheridan's Texas expedition will be
abandoned. That officer is on his way to Baton
Rouge, Louisiana, where the troops are assembling.
150,000 men, half infantry and half cavalry, were to
have composed the expedition, but General Logan's
army of the Tennessee-40,000 men, part of the force
—has already been withdrawn, and sent to Louisville,
Kentucky, to be disbanded. It is highly probable
that the last military movements of this great war
have been executed. Meade's and Sherman's armies
at Washington are being prepared for disbanding,
and in about two weeks the regiments will be sent
to the various State capitals to be mustered out.
The assassination trials continue in Washington.
Testimony is now being taken for the defence. As
the criminals all appear to be guilty excepting
Spangler, the stage carpenter of Ford's Theatre, the
case does not attract the great attention it did some
time since. No testimony has yet been published
implicating Davis.
There has been a frightful explosion at Mobile.
The ordnance depot and powder magazine exploded
on May 28. Eight blocks of buildings were de-
stroyed, and from 500 to 1,000 people are reported
injured. The loss is estimated at $3,000,000.
All the Northern prisoners, so far as is known,
have been released from Southern prisons. The
guerilla war in Virginia and North Carolina is at
an end. Trade is opening with many parts of the
South. The Custom-house at Savannah has been
re-opened, and steamers run to all inland towns on
the Savannah river. General Gilmore, at Charles-
ton, on May 26, removed all restrictions on trade
in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Trade
has opened on the Alabama river, between Mobile
and Montgomery. The South is too poor, how-
ever, to buy much more than the necessaries of life.
Telegraphic messages can now be sent to all parts
of the South.

A movement has been started in New York to

pay off the national debt. The amount already
subscribed is $2,375,000. The project is regarded
merely as an experiment, however, and has received
no official sanction.

The course adopted by some Northern cities of
expelling people who came from the South has been
abandoned. President Johnson disapproves it.
The gold premium still continues at from 135 to
138. Many transactions in trade, particularly in
sugar and coffee, are now made exclusively for
gold. Texas will soon be .opened to unrestricted
trade.

The Whitsuntide Procession of Roman
Catholic Schools.

(From the Manchester Guardian of Saturday.)

Yesterday morning, the children connected with the
Roman Catholic Sunday schools in this city walked in
procession. They assembled at the New Cross, Oldham-
street, and started on the route about half-past nine
o'clock. They were accompanied by many of their
teachers and clergymen. The route was, as hitherto,
through Great Ancoats-street, Bridge-street, Union-street,
Ardwick Green, Rusholme-Road, to Oxford-street. The
whole of the way was crowded with eager spectators.
As the procession passed through. Great Ancoats the
streets were literally blocked by onlookers of all
grades. The weather was exceedingly favourable, and
the sight was imposing. A band of music headed each
school, banners and symbols of the Catholic faith enlivened
the scene, the girls smartly dressed in light attire, chanted
sacred music, while at intervals, especially when the pro-
gress of the march was checked by a pressure of spectators,
the lads rent the air with cheers. The order of the proces-
sion, with the names of the clergymen preceding the schools,
and the number of children in them, was as follows :
St. Alban's, John-street, Ancoats, preceded by the Rev. J.
Gornall, St. John's Young Men's Society ; boys, 160 ;
girls, 227 ; and teachers, 40.

St. Ann's, Every-street, preceded by the Revs. T. Allen and
W. Manby ; 500 boys, 1,000 girls, and 50 teachers.

St. Augustine's, Granby-row, preceded by the Revs. Canon
Widing, J. Tracy, and J. Snape; boys, 600; girls, 900 ;
and teachers, 90; irrespective of the Young Men's Society,
of whom 70 were in the procession.

St. Joseph's, Goulden-street, preceded by the Rev.W. Ma.
lone; 300 boys, 300 girls, and 30 teachers.

St. Aloysus's, Ogden-street, preceded by the Revs. F. Ho-
gan and R. Power : 250 boys and 300 girls.
St. Patrick's, Livesey-street, preceded by the Revs. Canon
Cantwell, R. Liptrott, K. Bouleyo, D. O'Brien, J. Scully,
and Costallo ; 1,500 boys and 2,000 girls, besides 28
children belonging to a female orphange connected with
the school. '

St. Chad's, Cheetham-hill-road, preceded by the Rev. W.
J. Sheehan, J. Hayes, S. Clarkson, and Riley, and the
Xaverian Brothers ; 1,100 boys, 1,400 girls, and 50
teachers, besides several members of the Young Men's
Society, which numbers 650.
St. Mary's, Mulberry-street, preceded by the Revs. J. New-
ton and J. Gerard, and Mr. F. M'Carthy ; 550 boys, 650
girls, and 40 teachers.
St. Wilfrid's, Bedford-street, Hulme, preceded by the Revs.
Canon Toole, T. Billington, and P. Liptrott ; numbering

1,400.

As these particulars indicate, the procession was a very
long one. Notwithstanding the crowded state of the
thoroughfare excellent order. was maintained by the
police, who sprinkled along the route to prepare for the
Procession. On reaching Oxford-road, the children were
dispersed and proceeded to their respective schools.

THE HOLY FATTIER has sent a gift of great value
to M. Thiers as an acknowledgment of the services he has
rendered the Catholic cause by the magnificent orations he
pronounced this session in the Chamber in defence of the
temporal power. The Cardinal of Mechlin, who has left
Rome a few days, is the bearer of this present, which is
said to consist of a matchless collection of engravings of
all the principal paintings on sacred subjects in the Vatican.
M. Thiers's artistic tastes are well known, and the Pope
was probably aware that he has the finest engravings
avant la lettre in France.

The oldest inhabitant of the Cher, M. Besson,
has just expired on his property of Franchant. He last
month entered on his 105th year.
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