The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-17 00:00:00

pendence and from contempt and hatred of the
North, or of the mean whites whom it is almost
worth the planters' while, to get away at consider-
able cost, from the neighbourhood of their estates.
The productive labourers of the South, the planters
own—the niggers—are still working as hard as ever
for their masters, and if they are not growing cot-
ton they are at least providing the essentials of sup-
port for the planters and their army. slaves have
turned out to be the strength instead of the weakness
of the South. And they will be till they are
no longer slaves. As to the army itself—it certainly
is strong on the Potomac. The South appears to
have political now more than military reasons for
putting forth its strength there. It is said that
Maryland would join the Confederates if relieved
from the presence of the United States army; but
it seems much more certain that were the Southern
army to fall back from Virginia that state would

rejoin the Union at once. Then, as the South is yet

earnestly hoping for the intervention of some
European State, it desires to show that the
conflict will never come to an end, and
commerce resume the course so desirable for both
France and England, until the North is compelled
to desist from the war. A retrograde movement in
Virginia would not only discourage its people at

home, but would lead Europe to think that the re-
opening of commerce was to be sought through
strengthening the North. Missouri and Kentucky
are of less importance in this point of
view than Virginia. In them the Confederates
only maintain a kind of guerilla warfare, in which
they are alternately victors and vanquished. In
Virginia they firmly hold their ground. The success
of the Northerners on the seaboard, is, of course,
but skin-deep. They do not appear to have the
means of following up their successes, though they
do seem just now to be threatening Charleston
and Savannah. The blockade is no doubt a great
disadvantage to the South. It deprives them of
the means of procuring many of the comforts of
civilisation, and worse for them than that, it prevents
their getting the arms they so much need, and
will need yet more, when the supplies provided
for them by the ex-Secretary FLOYD at the cost
of the Federal Government under BUCHANAN, are
exhausted. Their stock will last, howevei, a long
time in the way in which they are now pro-
ceeding; and a people fighting heart and soul for
independence will put up with a vast amount of
discomfort, and dispense with almost everything
in the shape of luxuries. It will be duke et de-
corum, to go in rags for the South. An old coat
or gown will be a badge of patriotism.
On the whole we strongly incline to the opinion
that slavery and freedom have become the weights
which will turn the scale to one side or the other.
About six weeks ago Mr. SUMNER said to an influ•
ential assembly at New York—

" Thank God ! our Government is strong ; but thus far
all signs denote that it is not strong enough to save the
Union and at the same time to save slavery. One or the
other must suffer; and just in proportion as you reach
forth to:protect slavery, do you protect this accursed rebel-
lion ; nay, you give to it that very aid and comfort, which
under our constitution is treason itself."

Mr. SUMNER was unwilling, after all provocation,
to speak in any direct terms—
" The duty which I suggest, if not urgent now, as a
military necessity, in just self defence, will present itself
constantly on other grounds, as our armies advance in the
slave States or land on their coasts. If it does not stare us
in the face at this moment, it is because unhappily we are
still everywhere on the defensive. As we begin to be suc-
cessful it must rise before us for practical decision ; and you
cannot avoid it. There will be slaves in your camps or
within your extended lines whose condition you must deter-
mine. There will be slaves also claimed by rebels, whose
continued chattelhood you will scorn to recognise. The
decision of these two cases will settle the whole great
question."

It will hardly be doubted that, thus far, Mr.
SUMNER is right; but mare will be needed to give
the North complete ascendancy in the South.
Nothing will do that but emancipation, so conducted
that the gift shall come from the North. If the
North decrees the South to voluntary emancipation,
the negroes will make common cause with their
masters and regard them as their deliverers. How
far the North really is from anything like emanci-
pation—how much it would prefer to enter again
into an alliance with slavery—let Mr. SUMNER be
witness. He thus concludes his very eloquent
speech :

" Amidst all the perils which now surround us, there is
one only which I dread. It is the peril which comes from
some new surrender to slavery some fresh recognition of
its power—some present dalliance with its intolerable pre-
tensions. Worse than any dofeat or even the flight of an
army would be such abandonment of principle. From all
such peril, good LORD deliver us I And there is one way
of safety, clear as sunlight—pleasant as the paths of peace.
Over its broad and open gate is written simply,—Justice.
There is victory in that word. Do justice, and you will be
twice-blessed; for so you will subdue the rebel master
while you elevate the slave. Do justice frankly, generously,
nobly, and you will find strength instead of weakness,
while all seeming responsibility will disappear in obedience
to GOD'S everlasting law. Do justice, though the heavens
fall; but they will not fall. Every act of justice becomes
a new pillar of the universe, or it may be a new link of that
golden everlasting chain
Whose strong embrace holds heaven and earth and main,
Affi '

airs are, in truth, beginning to look seriously
"on the move" in Italy. GARIBALDI—from a
rather unexpected quarter too—has already had his
announcements corroborated. The pear is ripe, even
to falling. It trembles on the bough, and needs
but the first concussion of the renewal of war—but
the first blast of the coming storm to drop and be
devoured. The earliest premonitory token of the
approach of the final contest comes oddly enough
neither from Rome or Venetia. It comes from the
scene of General GARIBALDI'S greatest and most
renowned achievement. The incident we have now
to relate, in the ;reliable words of an eye-witness,
took place in effect in Sicily—in the commune of
Castellamare, in the arrondissement Alcamo, a
province of Trapani. It took place there
in the theatre of the commune mentioned, and
(of all good days in this year !) upon the Ist of
January. Not to the cry of "FRANCIS II.," not in
obedience to a signal given by any of his exiled
Majesty's emissaries. But—on the contrary, to
shouts,:of: " Down with the conscription !" " The
Republic for ever !" "Death to the Liberals !" So
that the Reactionists this time are not Royalists
but Republicans.

It may be " a blind" of course on the part of
the sympathisers with the late Government—a
ruse enabling them to breed contention, unrecog-
nised themselves at the outset. However this
may be, events have fallen out as we have
intimated. Ina communication dated from Naples
on the 11th instant we read that upon the outbreak
of the enzeute on New Year's Day, " At the first
tumult the Delegate of Public Safety, accompanied
b'y his son, endeavoured to bring the insurgents to
their duty by conciliatory words, but they only
received shots in return, which happily injured no
one," Worse, however, was to follow. It is added,
" The Royal Carabineers hastened up at the noise
of the firing, but were powerless before the number
of the insurgents, and retired to their barracks,
where they were attacked and, disarmed. Flushed
with that easy success, the insurgents went to
the residence of the commandant of the national
guard, attacked it with rage, and menaced with
death the brave captain, who bad only with
him his daughter, a child. twelve years old, whoi

nevertheless resisted with all the energy of despair.
His house was burned down, and afterwards among
the debris his corpse and that of his child were
found, pierced with a thousand shots." A figure
of speech, of course, " a thousand shots.' It reads
like an exaggeration : but there is the fact of the
death, or rather of the deaths—and that fact ap-
pears to be beyond the reach of contradiction.
Further on, the writer relates—" A like fate
befel the house and the family Asaro, as well
RS M. ANTONIO CALANDRA and Dr. CALANDRA, who
was able to save his life. The communal house,
the custom-houses, the Chancellerie of Orders
were pillaged, and the rioters took care not to
forget that the tax collector, where they found 200
ducats. So the night passed, and at break of day
the insurgents attacked the house of the delegate,
who, after resistance, was taken prisoner, as was
the syndic of the commune, their lives, however,
being spared." More bloodshed nevertheless fol-
lowed. More troops were sent for, and it was only
after a rather deadly and destructive fusillade that
the stubborn spirit of the rioters, or more properly
speaking of the rebels, could be conquered by the mi-
litary despatched against them in strong force by
the Government authorities.

The close of the despatch from which we have been
quoting is somewhat more satisfactory than its
commencement, " The battalion," it is said, " from
Calatafimi arrived about mid-day at Castellamare,
where it found order re-established, and a disarma-
ment ordered. Six of the insurgents, one of whom
was a priest, taken with arms in their hands, were
tried summarily and shot. An inquiry was imme-
diately set on foot, and an order given for extending
the disarming to the eommune of Alcamo. Order
is now perfectly re-established, and we may add
that no other commune in Sicily has bean dis-
turbed," So, for awhile, the turmoil ends. The cloud
blows over. But—there is a contagion in these
movements, come they from whatever direction.
And we may be certain—particularly after what
has been said and written of late at Caprera—tha t
we shall hear more of it. No matter if the tocsin
be rung by Royalist or by Republican—

rung it will be, for once and for all,
we are confidently assured. And by whom
are we assured ? By one whose words are
as authoritative as those dropping—generally "few
and far between" but of late, many and close to-
gether—from the lips of the Liberator of the King-
dom of the Two Sicilies ! The Liberator—how
soon, may it not be, of yet other portions of the
Roman Peninsula ? Time will show, and that too
right speedily !

RUMOU.RED LOSS OF THE PARANA

The Secretary of the Admiralty presents his
compliments to the Editor of The Sun, and re-
quests that a notice to the following effect may be
inserted in this evening's paper ;

Sir Samuel Cunard has received letters dated
the 3d of January, from his son at New York, but
no mention whatever is made of the Parana.

Admiralty, 17th January, 1862.

Sir Henry Wilmot and Lady Wilmot and family
have arrived at Howchin's Hotel from Brighton.
Mr. and Madame D. Longuinoff and family have
arrived at the Clarendon from Paris.
A marriage is stated to be arranged between Mr.
Charles Maitland and the Hon. Eleanor Stanley, daughter
of Mr. and Lady Mary Stanley, and niece of the Earl of
Lauderdale. Mita Stanley is one of the maids of honour to
her Majesty.
The Military Tribunal of Paris tried, the day
before yesterday, a soldier named Leopold Walh, a Bava-
rian by birth, formerly in the Foreign Legion, and now a
private in the 72d Regiment of the Line, on charges of
swindling and obtaining money under false pretences. It
appeared from the evidence that among the persons whom
the prisoner had defrauded was the cure of N—, who
would not have prosecuted him if the fellow had not had
the impudence, when arrested for another fraud, to call in
the cure as a witness to his character. The rev. gentleman
stated that one day he saw Walh in his church, praying
with an appearance of extraordinary devotion, and after
the service he came to his house, and obtained 10f. from
bim, under pretence of purchasing tools to work at
his trade of shoemaking when off duty. The money was
soon spent in drinking, and Walh next day went to
the cure's house again. Not finding him at home, he
said he would wait, and meanwhile knelt down before a
crucifix, and pretended to pray most fervently, and the cure
found him so occupied when he rammed. Being asked the
object of his visit, Walk said that he was come for the 10f.
the cure owed him, and produced a bit of paper, on which a
receipt for 20f. was written in pencil. The cure at once
ordered him to leave the house, and never expected to see
him again. This fraud and several others being proved,
the prisoner was found guilty, and sentenced to two years'
imprisonment.
ANOTHER ORANGE DISPLAY.—The Dublin Free-
man reports a procession of Orangemen, on the 12th inss.,
in the county Antrim, They were armed, fired several
shots, and defied the police.
Letters received at Portsmouth from Vancouver
announce the death of Licut.-Commander Robson, of her
Majesty's gunboat Forwa rd. It appears to have been part
of the deceased officer's duties to superintend the manage-
ment of several lighthouses along the coast. While pro-
ceeding on horseback to a. part of the coast where one of
these was situate, the annual he was riding became fright-
ened in passing a large flock of sheep, and threw him, He
received such severe injuries that he died shortly after-
wards.
THE TUSCARORA AND THE NASHVILLE.
SOUTHAMPTON, Thursday. It was discovered yesterday
evening that the Tuscarora hal again left her moorings,
and gone down the river. She anchored for the night, it
is understood, off Lepe, ju.st outside Calshot Castle. One
of our Southampton pilots, who came in from the Channe
to-day, reports that at 7 o'clock this morning he passed the
Tuscarora steaming out through the Needles. Of course al
sorts of rumours were sown afloat as to her intentions of
making off, but they were all set at rest by the sloop return-
ing to the river, and tal sing up her moorings again this
afternoon, between two and three o'clock. The Nashville,

it is rumoured, has been sold, and become the property of
English owners, but the Confederate flag and the pennant
are still flying from the ship.
THE LEOPARD AND THE CHESAYEAKE.—Our Go-
vernment has surrendered the four persons taken from the
British steamer Trent. and has tendered an apology to the
Government for the violeuce offered to her flag. This is not
the first time in which a sitailar proceeding has taken place.
One of the incidents which. preceded the war of 1812 was of
a somewhat similar character, though not quite parallel in
all respects. In 1807 a, British man-of-war sent on
board the American frifp Ito Chesapeake and took from
her four persons who wore claimed to be English sub-
jetty, without any other warrant or authority than the
will of the officer comman.ding the vessel by which the out-
rage was perpetrated. Owe Government at once demanded
redress, and after a lon g correspondence and delay, the
British Minister at Wasb.ingten transmitted to the Secre-
tary of State the followi:ag letter :—" Mr. Foster to Mr.
Monroe.—Washington, :November 11, 1811.—Sir,—In
pursuance of the orders which I have received from
his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, in the name
and on behalf of his Majesty, for the purpose of
proceeding to a final adjustment of the differences
which have arisen between. Great Britain and the United
States in the affair of the Chesapeake frigate, I have the
honour to acquaint you, first, that I am instructed to re-
peat to the American Government the prompt disavowal
made by his Majesty (and recited in Mr. Erskine's note of
April 17, 1809, to Mr. Srclith), on being apprised of the
unauthorised act of the ocer in command of his naval
forces on the coast of America, whose recall from a
highly important and honourable command immediately
ensued as a mark of his Majesty's disapprobation. Se-
condly, that I am authorised to offer, in addition to that
disavowal on the part of his Royal Highness, the imme •

diate restoration, as far as circumstances will admit, of the
men who, in consequence 'of Admiral Berkeley's orders,
were forcibly taken out of the Chesapeake, to the vessel
from which they were taken; or, if that ship should be no
longer in commission, to such seaport of the United States
as the American Government may name for the purpose.
Thirdly, that I am also authorised to offer to the Ameri-
can Government a suitable pecuniary provision for
the sufferers in consequence of the attack on the Chesa-
peake, including the families of those seamen who unfortu-
nately fell in the action, :and of the wounded survivors.
These honourable propositions, I can assure you, Sir, are
made with the sincere desire that they may prove satisfac-

tory to the Government of the United States, and I trust
they will meet with that amicable reception which their

conciliatery nature entitles; them to. I need scarcely add
how cordially I join with you in the wish that they might
prove introductory to a removal of all the differences de-
pending between our two countries.—l have the honour to
be, with the greatest consideration and respect, your most
obedient humble servant, AUG. J. FOSTER,—To the Hon.
James Monroe, Scc."—Atericon .Paper,