The Sun.
London, England, 1865-08-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 1, 1865.

NEW NOVEL, EDITED BY THE AUTHOR OF "MARGARET
AND HER BRIDESMAIDS."
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THE PEMB.ERTON FAMILY.
Edited by
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LIFE: Its IN nature, Varieties, and Phenomena.
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A SCOTCH VERSION OF THE ROAD MURDER.—
An Edinburgh paper writes :—The house at Road-
hall was too evidently entirely isolated from all around it.
It was not on visiting terms with its neighbours, or its
neighbours, wo should say, with it. For a long time pre-
vious to the murder of Francis Saville Kent, the place, one
would say, was haunted. The story, we believe, was a
simple one. At a time when the late Mrs. Kent, the
mother of Constance, was a hopeless invalid, Mr. Kent, in
the course of his factory inspection, saw the present Mrs.
Kent and loved her. She was then a mill girl of extraor-
dinary personal attractions ; and Mr. Kent placed her at a
boarding-school for a period which proved too brief, and
afterwards introduced her, while only half-educated her-
self, as governess in his own family. The girls Kent, we
need hardly say, despised her ; but the two elder had the
good sense to conceal or control their contempt. Not so
this unhappy Constance. Sho herself was better informed
on most points than her so-called governess—whom im-
mediately on her mother's death, her father presented as
stepmother. Her elder sisters had the same feeling, but
they, unlike herself, had the prudence or piety to disguise
it. She came into the family a half-educated mill-girl ; the
mother was still lying sick; by and by the mother died;
and now the mill-girl' suddenly became the second Mrs.
Kent, a stepmother ; the whole thing was abundantly
clear. Constance alone rebelled. Constance, we believe,
had rebelled against this kind of thing all along. Of the
last days of her mother we know nothing, beyond the
single fact that they were consoled by the woman who had
already been fixed upon as her successor, and who took her
place at the bead of the family immediately on the demise
of the mother. Then a child was born. The second mar-
riage became a prolific one. And Constance had the im-
prudence to revile. The punishment inflicted by her
stepmother was to perform the menial offices of the house-
hold. One day, we are informed, she was ordered to scrub
out the nursery, and, on refusing, was lashed with a horse
whip until what is called " broken in." She got on her
knees, with her back in livid welts, and washed out the
nursery floor ; but that very night tha child was removed,
and shoved, with its throat cut, down the privy. This,
we believe, is all. Miss Constance Kent says she herself,
did it, and we have p.o reason to doubt her word,

The Cattle Plague.

Yesterday evening a meeting of tho metropolitan cow-
keepers was convened by Mr. T. P. Dexter, chairman of
the London Cowkeepers' Association, at the Marylebono
Institution, Edward-street, Portman-square, to consider
what measures should be adopted with reference to the
prevailing malady which has been recently imported into
London. Tho meeting took place at 8 o'clock, and there
was a highly respectable attendance of about 250.
The principal feature in the evening's proceedings was a
clover and interesting address delivered by Professor Gamgee
late of Edinburgh, now head of the now Veterinary College
at Chelsea. Ho spoke fluently at considerable length, and
subsequently answered various questions that were put to
him throughout the evening. He described the disease as a
catarrhal affection, producing in the blood an impurity which
had a tendency to work itself outward in every direction,
and any exhalation, even through the poses of the skin, of
an animal affected with the plague was, he said, highly in-
fectious. This disease was, in the vast majority of cases,
incurable. An animal attacked by it might succumb in two
or three days, or might last a week or more ; but he was
generally doomed from the outset. The origin of the plague
was infected foreign cattle broUght to Islington Cattle-
market. Sound cattle coming in contact with them then
caught the malady, and in their turn transmitted it to
others, so that it was spreading in a rapidly widening
circle. It had been but just a month in this country, yet
even in that short time he calculated that nearly 2,000 cattle
must have suffered. It was much to be regretted that
prompt measures for its eradication were not taken on its
first appearance. He showed how, though wo had anti-
dotes for mineral, we had none for animal poisons of the
blood, and therefore it was rather to prevention than to cup
that attention should be directed in caseslike the,t under dis-
cussion. All beasts that were evidently affected should be
killed, or, at least, at once and effectually separated from all
healthy animals. The Professor explained to the meeting
that in similar cases in Franco, Austria, Prussia, and else-
where on the continent immediate steps were taken by Go-
vernment to surround, isolate, and extinguish the infliction
in each locality in which it appeared—if possible before it
had time to spread. There were veterinary inspectors, on
whose reports diseased boasts were slaughtered, and their
owners indemnified by Government. The British Govern-
ment had no acts of Parliament which enabled them to
adopt the same measures ; but, even if they had, he
doubted whether our English way of " helping ourselves"
was not the best in most cases of difficulty. Ho compared
the cattle plague to the cotton famine, which he said, it
might quite equal in its magnitude as a national calamity.
He feared that many thousands of cattle would be lost, and
he thought the country should come forward for its own
and the cattle-owners' sakes, as it did for the Lancashire
people. He went on to show that although the cattle
plague was not contagious to human beings, yet that in-
directly it might produce typhus and other fevers and
diseases, because, after a lengthened period of bad or in-
sufficient food in any country, the people of that country
were sure to suffer in health. Thera was no cattle disease
better known than this. So far from being new, it had
existed for centuries. In 1747 thousands of cattle perished,
or were destroyed, the Government compensating their
owners. This, however, had to be discontinued on account
of the numerous frauds committed. Mr. Gamgee allude-11
next to the sheep smallpox in North Wiltshire in 1862.
He showed how, as long as farmers concealed the illness
of their sheep, the disease spread with great rapidity ; but
when they subscribed to pay for the destruction of all that
were diseased, and thus encouraged each other to speak
the truth, the sheep smallpox was put an end to in three
weeks. It would be more difficult to bring the cattle
plague to a termination, but the same course was the
proper one to pursue. The cow-owners should put their
shoulders to the wheel at once, form a provisional com-
mittee, and take steps to carry out the most advisable
measures. Ile said he had a staff of clever men about him
in the new college which was to be opened at Chelsea
next week, and that they would all give their services
gratuitously to the sufferers in the present emergency.
An elderly man—a cowkeoper—was in favour of direct and
immediate Government interference. But it was objected
that visiting inspectors would carry the contagion from
shed to shod in their clothes. This was denied by Mr.
Gamgee, who instanced the little fear we had of our medi-
cal mon, though they went all day long among patients
having all sorts of ailments.
A veterinary surgeon from Northampton advocated homoe-
opathic treatment for the cattle disease, and spoke of the
success of Mr. Lord, principal veterinary surgeon at Canter-
bury cavalry depot, in:the application of that treatment to a
disease in horses, which he said resembled the cattle plague.
A gentleman said the magistrates were holding extra
licensing days, so that new cattle sheds might be at once
licensed for the separation of diseased animals.
A Wiltshire sheep farmer corroborated all that Mr. Gam-
gee had said about the sheep small-pox, and the favourable
results that followed the course taken, and strenuously re-
commended openness and above-board dealing among the
cattle-owners.

Ono of the vice-presidents of the new veterinary college
spoke warmly in favour of Professor Gamgee, who he said
was not a Scotchman, but an Englishman, and much better
here than in Edinburgh. Ife also promised every assistance
that he and his fellow founders of tho new college could
give, and offered their office at 48, Pall-mall, for the use of
the provisional committee. They will hold a meeting there
to-morrow.

A cordial vote of thanks was passed to the chairman, Mr.
Dexter, and the meeting broke up at about half-past 10
o'clock.

Religious Instruction in Prisons.

The discussions on the Prison Ministers Bill give
some interest to the reports of the inspectors of
prisons on the subject of religious instruction within
the walls of the borough and county gaols. From
the reports of the inspectors for the northern dis-
trict just issued, we take the following extracts :
The report from Chester county gaol states :
" The chaplain performs the usual daily and weekly
services, and assembles the prisoners three times a
week for religious instruction ; examines and ad-
monishes prisoners on admission and discharge ;
visits the sick daily ; superintends the schools and
the distribution of books to the prisoners. The
schoolmaster and schoolmistress give instruction to
the prisoners daily, both in class and in their cells.
Prisoners who do not belong to the Established
Church have ample opportunities for seeing a mini-
ster of their own denomination." At the Chester
city gaol there is no schoolmaster ; and the chaplain
observes :—" Not much has been done in the school
for the last 12 months, owing to the large number of
prisoners requiring the entire attention of all the
officers." There is a sufficient supply of books. The
Roman Catholic priest attends occasionally to visit
prisoners of that denomination.
At Carlisle the number of Roman Catholic pri-
soners is small ; they are visited by a minister of
their own denomination when they desire it. Other
prisoners of a religious persuasion differing from the
Established Church receive instruction from the
chaplain and schoolmaster.
At Derby a Roman Catholic minister visits the
prison weekly,
and sees all prisoners of his denomi-
nation who desire to see him.

At Kirkdale, the county prison of Lacashire, a
room has been fitted up for the services of the
Roman Catholic Church, and a chaplain has been
appointed to give religious instruction to the pri-
soners of that denomination. At Lancaster Castle
a Roman Catholic minister visits the prisoners of
that persuasion who desire it. Prisoners of all other
denominations attend the prison chapel.
At the Liverpool borough gaol there is a Roman
Catholic chaplain, an extract of whose report is
The system adopted here, in
given. He says :—"
conformity with the Prison Ministers Act has
worked admirably, and given general satisfaction.
For this 1 have to express my gratitude to the
governor and chaplain, who arranged the details to
carry out the spirit of the act, and who have in their
daily intercourse shown towards me the greatest
kindness and courtesy. I feel deeply interested in
the work in which I am engaged, and so far the
results of my labours have afforded me much con-
solation. In referring to the total number of com-
mitments for the year, it will be found that 3,083
Roman Catholic females were committed, against
1,812 Protestants, thus giving a majority of 1,271.
Liverpool affords few openings for female labour in
proportion to its population, so that the destitute
and friendless girl is readily allured into the path of
crime. A large seaport like this not only attracts,
but it becomes the general refuge of the vicious
and fallen. The number of Catholic prosti-
titutes is so great, and the means of helping those
who wish to abandon the streets so limited, that I
give the numbers in full." From the figures given
by the rev. gentleman, it appears that, in the months
from January to September, 605 Protestants, and
931 Romanists of the class in question were corn

mitted. Of the 931 under his charge the Roman
Catholic chaplain says :—" Many, I may say most
of them, have been committed several times since
January. I have frequently found women of this
class who have been in gaol 30, 40, 50, and even
60 times, yet they were not more than 26 or 27
years of age." _

At Manchester there is no Roman Catholic or
Dissenting chaplain, but " prisoners who do not be-
long to the Established Church are visited by a
minister of their own denomination when they de-
sire it." At Preston, " a Roman Catholic Minister
has lately been appointed ; all other denomina-
tions," says the inspector, " accept the ministra-
tions of the Church of England chaplain." At the
Salford House of Correction there is a Church of
England chaplain, and " prisoners who do not be-
long to the Established Church see a minister of
their own persuasion when they wish to do so."
From Lincoln county gaol the report is that " No
special provision is made for the instruction of pri-
soners who do not belong to the Established
Church ; but those prisoners who desire it are
allowed to see a minister of their own persuasion."
At the city gaol of Lincoln it is reported that pri-
soners who are not members of the Established
Church seldom avail themselves of the permission to
see a minister of their own denomination. A very
similar account is given of the state of things at
Berwick-on-Tweed :—" Ministers of all denomina-
tions have free access to the prisoners of their own
persuasion ; but, with the exception of occasional
visits from the Roman Catholic priest, they do not
avail themselves of the rule on this subject."
At the Nottingham borough gaol there is no
special provision for prisoners not of the Established
Church, but " they willingly attend the services in
chapel, and receive instructions from the chaplain,
although they are aware that they may see a minis-
ter of their own denomination if they wish it."

In the county gaol of Staffordshire the Roman
Catholic priest visits prisoners of that denomina-
tion, and performs service in the school-room on
Friday. Other prisoners may also see a minister of
their own religious persuasion when they desire it.

A Roman Catholic minister has been appointed
for the county gaol of Wakefield to attend prisoners
of that denomination, and the chapel in the old
prison has been fitted up for their religious services.
The reports from the Scottish prisons nearly all
state that prisoners not members of the Established
Church are allowed to see their own ministers if
they wish it. No special provision appears in any
case to be made for their instruction. The chaplain
of Stirling prison says :—" I cannot recollect one
instance in which a prisoner objected to receive my
counsel on the ground that I was of a different per-
suasion from himself."