The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-30 00:00:00

THE WAR IN AMERICA.

(From the Times' Special Correspondent.)
BALTIMORE, SEPT. 12.
An extensive reconnoisanco for the last three days
in the neighbourhood of Baltimore, from which I
have returned in barely sufficient time to catch the
mail of to-day, has given me much insight into the
secret and inner history of the State of Maryland,
and encourages the belief that the battle of Arma-
geddon, so long promised and so wearily deferred,
which will finally terminate the most heartrending
war known to modern history, is about to be fought
on the soil of Maryland. That the Confederate in-
vasion of Maryland is not the mere foraging raid
which the Northern press affects to regard it need
hardly be specified to the people of England. The
distracted and despairing populations of the great
Northern cities are encouraged to believe that a few
starving, desperate, and timorous Southerners,
driven by destitution from the desolated soil of Vir-
ginia, and conscious of the hazardous occupation
which they have taken in hand, are clinging mo-
mentarily to Northern soil, waiting until the tre-
mendous army of the Potomac, under such a thun-
derbolt of war as General M'Clellan, sweeps them
from the face of the earth or drives them back
aezoskt4xive.r... It cannfit tonnartiestly be incul-
cated andpre ims-lenpanihe people of Europe-thatr
even if it were conceivable that the Southern hosts,
which have gained unquestioned victories in every
conflict during the last three months, could now be
routed and driven headlong back across the Poto-
mac by the green levies and demoralised fragments
of regiments opposed to them, this war would be
no nearer its conclusion than it was on the Northern
evacuation of Fort Sumter. That a guerilla war-
fare, utterly exhausting the South, and scarcely less
exhaustive of the North, could be maintained for
many years is very apparent. It is only requisite
for any impartial Englishman to pass a few hours
in Southern circles on this continent to become
perfectly convinced that any amount of self-sacri-
fice and endurance will cheerfully be submitted to in
the South rather than a renewal of Yankee supre-
macy. There can only be one termination of this
war—the acquiescence of the North in the bisection
of the ancient Union, When,some day the thick
curtain which has hidden everything Southern from
our gaze is lifted, it will be found that there is no
record on earth of such sufferings and privations as
men, women, and children in the South have wel-
, corned and enthusiastically accepted for these last
18 months. What can there be in store for them
worse than what they have previously endured.?
And they would continue to 'endure for 18 years
what they have gloried in enduring for 18 months
rather than have part or fellowship in a Govern-
ment in which Mr. Seward and Mr. Charles Sumner
are the apostles, and of whose crown Boston and
Chicago and Philadelphia are among the jewels.
It remains for me briefly to state the true circum-
stances under which the Southern'husts are advan-
cing upon Washington. It is .known that not less
than 150,000 Confederates are now in Maryland.
It is by some asserted that their numbers are
200,000. At Frederick upon Tuesday last were
assembled no less than seven Southern Generals 'of
Div isions, with General Robert E. Lee as COmman-.
der-in-Chief, and General "Stonewall" Jackson
among the number. A proclamation has been put
forth by General Lee, of which the moderation and
calmness will commend themselves to all. A pro-
clamation has also been put forth by Colonel Brad-
ley Johnson, who is a native of Frederick, and re-
ported to be Provost Marshal of that city. Every-
where private property has been scrupulously re-
spobteti, cattle and provisions and stores rigorously
' iaiii'd for, i- ividtial opinion unmolested. Union
-4.-"--4,-&-itn' a-_bicizq- --::0.•* qi-----,-+he rebel troops,
have conve a eery wun tnem, have ........ ____ _ ..
to go where they liked without joining the Confe-
deracy or suppressing their Union sentiments. There
is only one opinion with regard to the discipline of
the Southern troops, and that is that it is perfect.
The men march calmly and steadily forward, look-
ing neither right nor left, with the solemnity and
immobility of marble statues. There is among
them none of the thoughtlessness and levity of the
Northern troops, none of that craving for news-
papers which has always been so conspicuous in the
Federals. Men who have gone through such a
campaign as has lately been experienced inVirginia,
who have been constituent units of that force
which, from its rapidity of movement, is called
" Jackson's foot cavalry," who are fighting for a
cause which embodies to them ideas vastly more
sacred than is "the Union" to the mercenaries of
the North, have as little dross about them as they
I have flesh. There is about them the calmness and

ieelir llrl°e lmnce
en
s'
self-assured confidence which spring from enthusias-
tic belief in their generals, and from successful ex-
perience of their own prowess. Nothing can be
more ragged and deplorable than their dress and
hats and shoes. But everywhere the cry is, " Send
us no clothing or luxuries. We have no waggons
to carry them. Give us shoes and salt, and show us
a Yankee, But, ragged, tattered, shoeless as they '
are, the concurrent testimony is that they are well
armed and scrupulously careful of the cleanliness
of their rifles, most of which, it is not necessary
to say, have been taken from the Federals. More-
over, there is but one opinion as to the superior
horsemanship of their cavalry soldiers and the
excellence of their horses. It will not be until
long after the Union has ceased to be that the
Northerners will discover that true patriotism con-
sists, not in giving hundreds of dollars to Gering).
and Irish refugees to fight for you,—not in making
the welkin ring with speeches such as have evoll°7
through the North for many a weary month,--cfss
encouraging hundreds of venal journals to suPP'ing
with your person as well as your purse, in Id.
the truth and suggest falsehood ; but
in
hoPulder-
For
ing a musket and going forth to the 11:
of this
many months since the commencement
and
struggle it was the affectation of
refined society in Northern cities
looked upon
conversation about the war. It
vrto be crushed
as a disagreeable episode, an obstacle progress—a
under the triumphal car of Uncle P . which would
Republlo
phase in the history of the
o nurtured
pi. in the
~, yr York and Boston
fill the historical moieties of .1.4 ens but which
• and oPee.in '
with interesting relics , to abstain from
torious onward march
In the South, the
rushed into the ranks
lifathe people has never affected
superior earnestness of olwafpastloipf
wisest military discipline
to palter or trifle.
facet; placed at the disposal of a
has regulated the
centralized Government; there , centre has
opinion there
sagacious and
murmur been no have failed to receive commissions
eoi powerless
ir.
rl
mightiestie s,
whatever
thohbacaetohvesfeevredeekraidtgi
as
but they
officers,
as priVa-- .
bave been between different
rail • rent generals, or be-
civilians and soldiers n th•
twee° 1 0 mg hasever escaped
to scandalize or disintegrate the public, or to break
the harmonious unity of the Confed •
eration. Nor is
it too much to say that in this
agonizing crisis of a
nation's destinies the Southern women have been
worthy even of those men
who now stand on the
soil of Maryland. They have risen nobly to the
level of the r •
equirements of the hour; fair fingers
once unused to toil have become seamed and fur-
rowed with sewing ; the privations and sacrifices of
the times have been cheerfully welcomed ; tea,
coffee, and every possible luxury have been fore-
gone in order that they might be sent to the army;
and a spirit which recks neither of toil, nor priva-
tion, nor self-sacrifice, which is " the nurse of manly
sentiment and heroic enterprise," has emanated from
these unconquerable wives and mothers, and found
its expression in the deeds of the men. Well may

Meanwhile, these famished and s
less Southerners, who have fought'
Richmond to Washington, are object
Northern press, which, gaining a lit
their seeming dilatoriness, exhausts itsel.
and invective against the ragged and hungry locusts
who have invaded their soil. It is strange that a
people so quick and intelligent as the Americans
should fail to see what a bitter satire against them-
selves these sneers supply. The whole earth has
been ransacked to turn these luxurious and costly
Federals into the field. Endless have been the
boasts which have been addressed to European na-
tions for 18 months past about the arms, ammuni-
tion, army
trains, clothing, arid feeding of the
Northern troops ; but in what has it all ended ?
bare
answer
it justify
might the carelessness with
be
The Southerners,
_famished and without uniforms,
possibly (if the Northern papers speak truth) not
unfamiliar with vermin, and accustomed to consider
parched corn and green apples a luxury', threaten
Washington and Philadelphia and Cincinnati with
destruction. If Gen. APClellan's own heart could
be laid ?
An
which the hopeless struggle is still regarded by the
Nth
given by asking,
,‘Why' does not General M'Clellan, at the head of
his mighty army of 200,000 men, drive those filthy
and ragged and insolent Southerners' like chaff be-
fore the wind ?" Say what anybody likes, the
Confederates have vastly more to gain by delay
than their opponents. Their mild and conciliatory
language and attitude, the total absence of inquisi-
torialor w
w
scrutiny or proscription, the prompt repres
sion of pillage and robbery, are beginning to exer-
cise powerful influence over the sentiments of Mary-
landers. Add to this that these ragged and star-
ving men, who have fought so well upon green
corn and unripe apples, are not likely to fight less
well when fed upon abundance of beef. It is
known that almost the only damage done by the
Confederates on the soil of Maryland has been the
destruction of the large stone and iron bridge which
*tarries ttstßaltimore and Ohio Railroad over the
Monocacy River not far from Frederick city. The
inactivity
.of the Confederatee -is no doubt caused by
the delay necessary for reducing the Federal gar-
rison which occupies the Maryland heights over-
hanging Harper's Ferry. It is believed that these
heights are held by 15,000 Federal troops under
Colonel or General Miles, and it is alai, ;oelieved
that, although completely surrounded by the Con-
federates, these heights were yesterday still in the
possession of the Federals.
Everything seems still to favour the opinion ex-
pressed in a former letter, that the design of the
Confederates is to isolate Washington by cutting it
and Baltimore off from railroad communication
with the North, and then to try conclusions with
MiClellan's force upon the soil of Maryland. Pos-
sibly it maybe General Lee's wish that M'Clellan
should attack him. It is reported that General
Lee has lately been thrown from his horse, and has
severely sprained both his wrists.
Nothing is more discouraging to the hopes of the
Unionists than the additional details which are daily,
reaching us of the recent battles in Virginia. That
the Federal loss was enormous, that the very highest
estimates ever indulged in were no exaggerations,
that hundreds and hundreds of miserable wretches
died of starvation on the battle-field, and many from
the mortification of their neglected, wounds, is not
denied though little dwelt on. There was always
some satisfaction in thinking that similar or greater
loss was inflicted upon the Confederate army, and
arguments have actually been employed in the pub-
lic journals that in a war of exhaustion the North,
as possessing more lives to spend, must outlast the
South. But grest as is the disparity in numbers of
the two sections it is not as great as was the disparity
in the Dumber of the slain during these recent
battles. It is estimated that not less than 20,,000
Federals perished or were wounded or takenpri-
Boners during the latter half of August, and espe-
cißlly in the great battles of the 29th and 30th.
Officers in the Confederate service who took part in
those battles stoutly deny that the Confederate loss
in killed, wounded,' and missing upon those two
days exceeded 2,500 men. The confidence of the
Confederate armies is proportionably. enhanced.
" It is a mere accident, sir, if any of us is killed!"
Such is the contemptuous tone of superiority heard
among the Confederates that a story has obtained
much vogue among them to the effect that in one of
these recent' battles a Scuthirn force, guarding. a
sine or ranroan in a plane nruere Inc 113113 were laid
upon masses of small rocks and Lose stones, found
themselves short of ammunition. A Northern bri-
gade was advancing upon them, and it seemed in-
evitable that they must retire, when a voice was
heard, " Give them the rocks, my lads !" Instantly
a shower of stones rent the air, and the Northerners
recoiled, little dreaming, perhaps, that they were
advancing upon men who had no other arms than
those whieb David wielded against Goliath. The
story may be true or false; but it should be men-
tioned as an evidence of the superior heart which
the Southerners carry into battle.
That the policy towards Maryland will, at least
for the present, be eminently conciliatory is evi-
denced by one fact. Within the last few days a
gentleman who has been long conspicuous as a vehe-
ment Unionist, who has written to congratulate and
encourage the Federal Government in reference to
the arrests of rebels made in Baltimore and else-
where, fell into the hands of the Confederate army.
The Confederate generals were perfectly aware of his
opinions and demeanour, but he was released with-
out a murmur or complaint. It is hardly necessary
to state that such treatment has effected a consider•
able change in his opinions and heart. Moreover,
the payment accorded to all Marylanders from
whom cattle or provisions were taken impels these
same Marylanders to enter into fresh transactions
with the invaders and to carry to them salt or shoes,
or whatever they ask for. Such is the paralysis of
the Federal authorities that up to yesterday very
few and very imperfect steps had been taken to
close the numerous roads and lanes
running across
the State, and to intercept supplies fl owing out of
Baltimore and every other town.
But it may confidently be predicted that directly
the Pennsylvanian frontier
is crossed these con-
ciliatory measures will be heard of no more. It is
impossible to pass much time with Southerners
without perceiving how bitterly the ravages of the
Federals in Virginia, Tennessee, and Alabama are
remembered. Who can wonder at the bitterness
and exasperation of men who have been " Blen-

odlesfhet a stain
honoured
kwt eeirrtsihs edi dme'e'pdl;usyn
oiGtfyes,rhwmahma noehmwaavhreiacsuhedewenrosu,
ancientul p ohna wvaehn
upon the troops of Alaric have been perpetrated
homes gutted by a reckless and brutal soldiery
?
Simultaneously with the stirring events of Mary-
land we hear of the i • nereasing danger of Cincinnati
and of the approach
notonly of the Confederate force
under Gen
.Kirby Smith, but also of 40,000 men
under Gen. Bragg, to oppose whom Gen. Buell
and 40,000 Fed 1 era s are marching from the south-
western portion of Kentucky. It may be that New
York and Boston still hope against hope, but what
expectation can be entertained in England and
Europe that it is possible that the Union should
arise again ? Such are not the feelings of Governor
Curtin, of Pennsylvanid, who in an agony of terror
calls upon Philadelphia to help him and send more
and more troops to Harrisburg. Can these inex-
perienced shopkeepers, many of whom never
handled a gun till within the last 48 hours, be ex-
pected to cope with men hardened in such a fur-
nace of trial and adversity as the "foot-cavalry" of
"Stonewall" Jackson?
Briefly, then, to sum up the present situation, it
may be stated that an immense Confederate force,
numbering from 150,000 to 200,000 mea, are on
the soil of Maryland, headed by at least seven of
the ablest Confederate Generals, in whom they
have enthusiastic confidence, and that they are
flushed by an unbroken tide of victory. That they
have behaved with great composure and tranquility,
that they have not seized Hagerstown
and
West-
minster
and other places until many days later
looked upon by some
_
than was at first reported, 100
terrified Northerners as a proof of weakness.
Such,
however, is not the °Pon of the calmed
observers.

r** For full particulars of amusements see first page.
ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN.
This Evening, FRA DIAVOLO.
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THEATRE-ROYAL, DRURY-LANE.

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This Evening A DAUGHTER TO MARRY. After which,
I
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This Evening, INIA.ZEPFA,_ Brilliant Scenes in the Circle.
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.ot
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;o~i.n~A• M~~
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'

17.11; 7

~` ~-

THE SUN.
LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPT. 30, 1862.

Again all Europe is looking with almost breath- I
less interest to the 'Potomac. "Even apart from the
merits of the case, it is impossible to watch the
changes in such a vast and exciting game without
unconsciously attaching ourselves, in imagination,
to one of „n nf intact. Trm,,,,,f.
being all expectation to see which shall win.
Four days hard fighting had all gone in favour
of the Federals ; that is according to Federal
accounts. We must, however, bear in mind that
the information respecting the first of these
days only—Sunday the 14th—rests on the
despatches of the General in command, M'CLEL-
LAN. All the other battles up to the 17th, Wed-
nesday, we know about only from newspaper
reports, and though there seems no reason to doubt
their substantial truth, yet they may prove gravely
incorrect. Even they, however, left another battle
to be fought on the 18th to settle who should be
master. On this battle depends the expulsion of
the Confederates from Maryland or their continuance
in it. It is not to be concealed that New York has
been uneasy that three or four days should pass
without the Government having communicated its
own information to the public. The consequence
was that the Fremium on gold actually advanced
again after it had fallen.
There are very different opinions as to the
strength of the Confederates. Some maintain, in
America we mean, that M'CLELLAN has encoun-
tered little more than their advance. This
we cannot believe. LEE himself has never
been with the advance before, and it seems certain
that he was present, and commanding in person.
Both sides also were mustering their reinforce-
ments, and it is remarkable that from the day of
the first battle of Bull's Run, to the second one, the
supports of the Confederates have always arrived
just at the right nick of time to rout the wearied
Federals. With such apparent equality of forces,
and after the Federals have in turn had their vic-
tories, it is difficult, indeed, to conjecture which
aide will win the next battle north of the Potomac.
Here in England, wo might toss up or bet on the
chances, so evenly do probabilities appear to be
balanced.

Both parties have a great immediate stake to
fight for. The Federals regard Maryland as in any
case a Union State; and the behaviour of the inha-
bitants, so far as LEE advanced, seems to show that
the Union feeling predominates. The Confederates
seem to have been nearly as much mistaken in the
amount of feeling they found favourable to the
South as the Federals were in looking for Union
feeling in Virginia. The Marylanders did not, as
expected, rise in a mass, even when such able friends
as LEE and JacxsoN were in the midst of them.
Hence the Federals will fight to the last to drive
the Confederates out of a State in which Unionism
now predominates. On the other hand, the Con-
federates want food and clothes. They had long
been living, according to accounts from all sides,
on green corn and apples"—to remain in a State
where the war had not yet wasted the provisions
must be a great object with them, not to mention
the prestige of carrying the war into the terri-
tories of the enemy. If driven across the Potomac,
it is probable that the Southern army will find one
of its greatest difficulties to be that of procuring
food. In Northern Virginia it can find none, for it
is completely desolated and almost depopulated by
the war; and it would have to turn aside into
the famous VAlley of the Shenandoah merely to
subsist itself. It would no longer threaten Wash-
ington ; and BURNSIDE is now in Harper's
Ferry, at the mouth of the Valley. Both
aides have, therefore, every inducement
possession
°f fight with unusual energy for the
of Maryland— 7th
Maryland—both were left on the 1 .
in a
parties
Position of seeming equality—the rival