The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-03 00:00:00

fliE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 3, 1865.

heat was insupportable. In summer the people
live in underground cellars, ventilated by long
chimneys called wind-catchers. Those who could
afford it, made a kind of summer-house on the banks
of the river, and by artificial means were enabled
to reduce the temperature to 80, while it was 160
outside in the sun, in consequence of the hot winds
from the north. At night the people slept on the
flat roofs of the houses. The richness of the soil
was traced to the spring inundations of the Tigris
and Euphrates, which brought down the rich alluvial
soil from the mountains. The banks of the rivers
were covered with gardens of orange, pomegranate,
and rose trees. There were whole acres of rose
trees cultivated for the purpose of making rose
water and the essential oil or otto of roses. Some-
times Sir Henry had had all the rooms and passages
of his dwelling carpeted a foot deep with roses, sup-
plied gratuitously for the purpose, in order to crush
them well before boiling them down. After explain-
ing the process of obtaining the otto from the boiled
roses, the lecturer described the sports of the coun-
try. The chief amusement was hawking the ante-
lope, for which the hawk and greyhound were pur-
posely trained. There were hundreds of thousands
of antelopes in the country ; they were as common
as sparrows in England. They also hunted the ante-
lope with the hunting leopard, a very different
animal to the ordinary leopard. Shooting and fish-
ing in Baghdad were very much as in England.
Wild animals were frequently tamed. During his
residence in the country, Sir Henry was rarely
without a tame lion in his house. The lion might
be tamed with great ease, and even in his wild state
he would rarely attack man. The lecturer gave
particulars of one of these animals that showed
its affection for him, coming to his feet to die ;
and though the servant endeavoured to force it
from its refuge, the beast would not be removed,
and it died a few minutes after. Though the
leopard was a much more difficult animal to tame,
Sir Henry had frequently succeeded with it. One
of those creatures followed him about the house
and streets like a dog, and at night slept on his
pillow. He brought it to England with him, but
finding it inconvenient to be followed through the
streets of London by such a beast, whose only
weakness was an apparent belief that all babies
were meant for it—Sir Henry sent it to the Clifton
Zoological Gardens, and it died only last year.
After three years' absence in Baghdad, the faithful
beast recognised Sir Henry on his return, bounded
towards him, and lay on its back in token of sub-
mission and joy. On one occasion the lecturer had
a pair of wolves, that had been tamed by one of the
Persian princes. With those he used to course
jackals, a sport which few Englishmen had ever en-
joyed. Another animal frequently to be seen about
the house was the ostrich, and the favourite amuse-
ment of the Baghdad boys was to bestride their
backs and run races. The birds would stretch out
their necks and appear to enjoy the sport, as an
English racehorse would. There was scarcely a
house in Baghdad where a tame antelope was not
to be found, while the mungoose served the same
purpose as the cat in England. In conclusion, the
lecturer said, as Baghdad was so rich and valuable
a country, it could not but be interesting to consider
what would be its future fate. In the hands of the
Turks it could never improve, for the faith of Islam
was incompatible with civilisation. They derived
their morals from the Koran, a book which, though
somewhat adapted to the sixth and seventh centuries,
was totally unfit to be a code of laws for the nine-
teenth ; and while they adhered to such they were
in a kind of straight-waistcoat. He (Sir Henry)
was satisfied that Turkey, as a nation, was weaker
now than before the Crimean war. Their army was
little better than the old Jannissary forces, and their
fanaticistus prevented the spread of Christianity.
Looking at in a fair way, there was but little pros-
pect of a regeneration of Turkey. What were to
become of her rich provinces ? He (the lecturer)
believed that before long, without the interference
of any European Power, there would be a re-
volution in Turkey, the Christian element would
become dominant in the land, and the Mohammedan
inhabitants would have to leave her provinces.
England would, he was sure, repudiate any partici-
pation in the spoils of the country, but she might
have to interfere to prevent other European Powers
from taking possession of any of her provinces.
Were France to take possession of Egypt, or Russia
attempt to take Baghdad, our Indian empire would
be imperilled. It therefore became a matter for con-
sideration whether, rather than allow any other
Power to cut off our communication with India, it
might not become our duty to hold that country.
He hoped it would not be necessary, for he had
always spoken against the extension of our domi-
nions in the East, and England had already as much
as she could securely hold ; still, at some future
time, England might possibly have a more intimate
connection with Baghdad. The lecturer was fre-
quently applauded ; and. at the close the chairman
announced that among the gentlemen who had pro-
mised to lecture during the session were Sir John
Bowring and the Rev. R. P. Maemaster, of Bristol.

Naval and Military Intelligence.
A War-office circular has been received at Chat-
ham garrison announcing that the Secretary of State
for War, with the concurrence of the Secretary of
State for India, has decided that the wives of Gene-
ral officers appointed to the Staff in India who may
be unable, through sickness, to accompany their
husbands to India, will have their passage paid at
the public expense, provided the claim is preferred
within six months of the officer's embarcation. In
exceptional cases, however, the period of the claim
may be extended to nine months, after which time
no claim will be entertained.
Yesterday morning, by order of the Commander-
in-Chief, Gunner Roach, of the Ist division, Depot
Brigade, Royal Artillery, stationed at Sheerness,
was drummed out of the regiment. The prisoner
had been found guilty of stealing various articles
from the sergeants' mess and other dishonourable
conduct, and. the sentences of two courts-martial—
one held at Gibraltar and the other at Sheerness—
having been read on the parade ground, the usual
ceremony of cutting off his buttons and stripes was
gone through, and he was played by the band off
the ground, after which he was taken in custody to
Springfield Gaol, Chelmsford, where he will undergo
a period of 168 days' imprisonment.
The condition of the bottom of the iron screw steam-
ship Agincourt, 26, at Devonport, has created con-
siderable surprise in the minds of the officers of the
dockyard and others. About six weeks since she
was removed from the Prince's dock after having
been scoured and coated with Hay's anti-fouling
composition, and was placed alongside the sheer
hulk in Hamoaze, where she received her five iron
masts, and was otherwise prepared for the prelimi-
nary trial of her engines, which took place on the
12th ult. On Monday last the Agincourt was re-
placed in the Prince's dock, and as the water was
pumped out her bottom below the line of flotation
looked, as one of the artisans described it, "like a
field of grass," so regular was the growth of the
weed. Some was nearly 2in. long, and it extended
from stem to stern and down to the keel. It is sup-
posed that if no composition had been applied vege-
tation would not have advanced to the same extent.
There is no accounting for the extraordinary fact.
While the ship lay in Hamoaze very heavy showers
fell, and an unusual quantity of fresh water came
down the harbour.
The
Commander Zebra, 17,
C. G. Lindsay, steam sloop, 951 t
recently
tly r horse
power,.
turned
uftr
ofo m
othe
mwi
Bess
ito cnoaaisi ofpl fredi cian, wt
haes
tyesterday
paid out of commission and placed in the third divi-
sion of the Sheerness Steam Reserve.
The crew of the screw steam frigate Liffey, 39,
Capt. G. Parker, was paid off on Tuesday alongside
the Devonport Dockyard, in the presence of Rear-
Admiral T. M. C. Symonds, C. 8., the Superinten-
dent. Three of the men have been recommended
to the consideration of the Lords of the Admiralty
as being entitled to medals for long service and good
conduct. The Liffey was short of her complement
by 100 men, who had volunteered to join other
ships of war on the North American station. When
the frigate was at Sydney five of the crew deserted,
but on her recent stay of five weeks at Quebec not
one desertion occurred, although nearly every man
had leave twice, extending, in some cases, to 10 and

14 days, and great temptations were offered, in the
shape of high wages, in the merchant service.
During the whole of the commission only one man
was drowned. Excepting through promotion or
sickness very little change has taken place among
her officers. Her present Captain, Commander, and
three senior lieutenants, with most of the midship-
men, joined her when first put in commission.
The Arethusa, 35, steam frigate, 3,141 tons, 500-
horse power, Capt. Reginald J. J. G. Macdonald,
arrived in Sheerness harbour yesterday afternoon,
after an absence of little more than six weeks.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

WORCESTER AUTUMN MEETING.—THuRsDAY.

The Committee have this year added a third day to their
meeting, the policy of which is questionable. In addition
to encroaching on an old-established fixture like Lincoln,
whose first day this is, it may be doubted whether (while
probably injuring Lincoln) they have much benefited them-
selves. Two good days, it will be generally admitted, are
better than three indifferent ones, and the spot on Pitch-
croft has been hitherto so good, and the meeting generally
so well conducted, that it is a pity the committee have not
remembered the old adage, and left well alone.
Steeple chasing, however, is always attractive, and there-
fore though many had left for Lincoln, the Stand was much
fuller than on the previous days.
The Hurdle Race was an easy win for Church Militant,
and the Selling Steeplechase fell to The Screw, whose
owner had sold him that morning for 20 guineas.
The grand Annual brought out a small field, which, in
the present dearth of anything at all first-late among our
cross-country horses, was to be expected, and the top
weight, Ironsides, had as little as 6 to 4 against him, a
small price in a steeplechase, but, bar accidents, he was
bound to beat the lot opposite to him. He won easily by
10 lengths.
There was a perceptible flatness about the proceedings
to-day from which the committee will probably take a hint
for the ensuing year. The weather and the going 'vans
everything that could be desired.
The Hunters' Purse of 40 sovs, for 3-yr-olds and upwards•
Weight for age ; winners extra, with maiden allowances•
To be ridden by gentlemen ; professionals, 71b extra.

Two miles on the flat.
Mr. M. Dimmock's Niddersdale, 3 yrs, 10st 71b (Mattey) 1
Mr. Jones nas. Truant, late Tom Payne, 12st
(Mr. Edmonds) 2
Mr. J. Turner's King Alfred (h. b.), 4 yrs, (JO
71b
(J.O Castles) 3
Mr. Wilcot's Tadmor m., 9st 131 b (car. lOst)
(Mr. Edwards) 4
Mr. Philips's Highover (h. b.), 6 yrs, lOst 21b (Pool) 5
Mr. T. Allington's Glensaddle (h. b.), aged, 10st 21b
(Mr. Briscoe) 6

Bacton Riot also ran.
Betting—Even on Niddersdale, 4 to 1 (at first 5 to 4)
agst Turner, and 6 to 1 agst the Tadmor mare.
Highover started with a slight lead, which he resigned
on entering the cords to King Alfred, who came on with a
slight lead past the Stand, Highover following second,
and Glensaddle third, close up with whom came the Tadmor
mare and Truant, Bacton Riot bringing up the rear.
Rounding the railway turn the Tadmor mare ran through
her horses and took a decided lead, which she retained to
the mile post, where she gave way, and King Alfred again
assumed the command, and led to the turn for home, where
Niddersdale went to the front, and, never being after ap-
proached, won in a canter by 30 lengths. Half a length
separated the second and third. The Tadmor mare was
fourth, Highover fifth, Glensaddle sixth, and Bacton Riot
last. The latter did not pass the post.

A Hurdle Race, a H andicap Sweepstakes of 5 sous each,

with 30 added. One mile and three furlongs. The New
Course, with five flights of hurdles.
Mr. T. Golby's Church Militant, 6 yrs, lOst 31b (Wheeler) 1
Mr. Barnett's Guildhall, 3 yrs, 9st 71b (J. Holman) 2
Mr. Guilsfield's Betsy Copeland, 5 yrs, lOst L.(T. Ablett) 3

The following also ran t—Ephemere, Principal, An-
toinette, Salamander, and Love Letter.
Betting—Even on Church Militant, 4 to 1 agst Guildhall,
and 5 to 1 agst Love Letter.

Ephemere got away with a clear lead, followed, in Indian
file, by Salamander, Church Militant, Guildhall, and Betsy
Copeland, the rear being brought up by Love Letter and
Antoinette. They retained these positions until rounding
the river bend, when Church Militant went in advance, and,
with Guildhall and Betsy Copeland lying up, made the re-
mainder of the running, and won in a canter by a couple of
lengths ; twice that distance separated the second and third,
Ephemere was fourth, Antoinette fifth, Love Letter sixth,
Principal seventh, and Salamander last.
The Two-year-old Selling Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 50
added ; for 2-yr-olds ; colts, 9st ; fillies and geldings, 9st
101 b, with selling allowances. Half a mile. 3 subs.

Mr.S. Crawford's Mousey c, .£3o,7st,car7lb 11b(Clement)w.o.
A Selling Steeplechase Stakes of 3 sovs each, with 50 added,
for 3-yr-olds and upwards; weight for age, with selling
allowances. About two and a half miles. 3 subs.

Mr. J. Turner's Tho Screw, aged,.£3o, 11st 21b(W.White)
Mr. Drake's Red Wing, aged, £5O, list lib (Owner) 2
Signal also ran.
Betting— 6 to 4 agst Signal, 7 to 4 agst The Screw, and
2 to 1 agst Red Wing.
The Screw was first away, followed by Rod Wing and
Signal to the Water jump, which the first two cleared nearly
abreast, but shortly after Red Wing showed in advance to
the fence into the enclosure, when The Screw again headed
his horses, and went on with a clear lead to the "drop
fence" in the Moors, when Signal fell and unhorsed his
rider, and was seen no more in the race. From this point
The Screw increased his lead, entered Pitchcroft some 20
lengths in advance of his remaining opponent, and won with
great ease by half a length. lie was sold to Mr. Ludkin
for 40 guineas.
Grand Annual Steeplechase, a handicap sweepstakes of 10
sous each, h ft, wiih £lOO added; winners extra. Over
about four miles of fair hunting country. 28 subs, Bof

whom declared.
Mr. B. Land's Ironsidos, aged, list 91b...(Mr. Edwards) 1
Mr. F. C. Morgan's Enoch, h. b., aged, lOst 51b (Knott) 2
Sir William, Miss Barbara, Electra, and Foresight also
ran.

Betting-6 to 4 agst Ironsides, 9to 2 agst Sir William,
6 to 1 agst Miss Barbara, 7 to 1 each agst Foresight and
Enoch, and 10 to 1 agst Electra.
Foresight made play, followed at wide intervals by Enoch,
Miss Barbara, and Electra, and then came Ironsides and
Sir William, the latter, who got badly off, being a long way
in the rear. In these positions they cleared the hurdles in
front of the stand, but on landing Electra became second,
the pair going on ten lengths in advance of Enoch and the
favourite side by side ; the others, headed by Miss Barbara,
lying wide of their horses. On passing the stand Electra
headed Foresight, who was followed by Ironsides, Enoch,
and Miss Barbara, Sir William still remaining a long way
astern, the lot running in single file to the railway turn,
when Foresight again appeared in front of the favourite, and
Electra going on second and third, close up with whom were
Enoch and Miss Barbara. Little or no alteration was made
in these positions. As they came down to the water jump,
which was cleared in brilliant style by Foresight a length
in advance of Ironside, came Electra, Enoch, and Miss
Barbara, who were equally successful in clearing the ob-
struction. Sir William, who was stopped, did not, there-
fore, approach it. Approaching the fence into the inclosures
Ironside ran up to Foresight, the pair racing for the lead
along the moors, but at the third fence Foresight cleared
in advance, Electra going on third, with Enochnext. Miss
Barbara, having had enough of it, was pulled up, and re-
turned to her stable. The leaders retained their relative
positions to the fence before the road, at which Foresight
refused, and ran round, his example being followed by
Electra, and, in consequence, whatever chance they may
have possessed was destroyed. Ths mishap left the favou-
rite in undisputed possession of the lead, which he retained
to the end, and won in a canter by half a dozen lengths.
Foresight and Electra trotted in together with the crowd.
A Free Handicap Steeplechase of 5 sous each, with 30 sovs
added ; the second horse to receive £lO. Two miles.
33 subs, 20 of whom declared.
Mr. B. Land's Serious Case, by the Cure, aged, 12st 41b
(B. Land) 1
Mr. F. Butt's br m Trincomalee,
(Taylor) 2
6 yrs, lOst 131 b

Betting-3 to lon Serious Case.
Serious case led to half-way across the inclosure when he
refused, Trincomalee, who was close in his wako, following
suit. The pair wore soon righted, the favourite being the
first away, and then came on with a slight lead to the
fence into Pitchcroft, which they cleared abreast. From
this point a close race ensued, Serious Case, who appeared
to have slightly the best of it, holding his advantage to the
end, and winning after a slashing set-to by a head.

LINCOLN AUTUMN MEETING.—THIIRSDAY.
This meeting commenced somewhat unfavourably, as it
clashed with the final day of the Worcester gathering, but
the attendance was fully up to the average of former years.
The weather was very favourable, and although the fields
were not large the sport was interesting. The Autumn
Handicap was the principal event of the meeting ; only six,
however, of the 18 on the card went to the post, The
Turner, of this number, being warmly supported at 6 to 4,
but Shakspeare, who gained friends by his going in the
preliminary canter, made all the running and won in a
canter by five lengths. „The Carholme Stakes, for two-yr-
olds, induced six animals to go to the post, Tormentor, at
even money, being installed favourite, and this time the
backers were more fortunate, for Tormentor won easily by
two lengths. Evening was beginning to set in when the
last race was over, and rain shortly afterwards began to
fall. The following are full details of the running :
The Selling Steeplechase of 5 sovs each, with 23 added ;
12st ; selling allowances. About three miles. Four

subs.
Mr. Honeage's Cadet,
aged, list (£6O)
Mr. C. Colo's Luck's All, aged, list (£6O) (Wadoson) dis.
Betting-3 to lon Cadet. The non-favourite held a
strong lead for two miles, when he refused, and Cadet
joined him ; Luck's All, taking the wrong course, cantered
in first, but was disqualified. The winner was bought 'ay
Mr. Hunt, for 86 guineas.

TheLinceln Autumn Handicap of 10 sovs each, h ft, 3 only

if declared, with 100 added; winners extra. One mile
and a half. 42 subs, 16 of whom pay 3 soya each.
Mr. A. Cooper nd Shakspere, 4 yrs, 7st 51b (Loates 1
Mr. Chaplin's The Turner, 3 yrs, Est 91b (car. Est 111 b
(J. Grimshaw 2
Mr. W. Meeson's Charming Woman, 6 yrs, Bst,lllb _

(Cannon) 3
Mr. G. W. Morris's Siva, 5 yrs, Bst (Whiteley) 4
Mr. R. Goodlass's Empress of India, 4 yrs, Bst

_
. - .(W. Martin) 5
Mr. L. Peckitt's Zenobia, 3 yrs, 7st (Carroll) 6

Nu was struck out at 1.30 this day (Thursday).

Betting-6 to 4 agst The Turner, 4to 1 agst Zenobia, 5
to 1 agst Siva, and 6to 1 agst Shakspere. The latter after,
going a hundred yards, took up the running, followed by
Empress of India and Siva, Zenobia bringing up the rear,
till within half a mile off home, where Empress of India
gave way, and Charming Woman came up to The Turner
(who had taken second place), but Shakspere increasing his
lead from the distance, won in a canter by five lengths ;
two lengths separated second and third ; Siva a bad fourth.
The Carholme Stakes of 25 sovs, added to a sweepstakes of
5 Boys each ; for two-yr-old colts, Bst 101 b; fillies, Bst 61b;
penalties and idlowances. 19 subs.
Mr. B. E. Dunbar's Tormentor, Bst 31b (Loates) 1
Mr. R. Osborne's Miss Haworth, Bst llb (Whiteley) 2
Mr. Copeland's The Dannebrog, Bst 101 b (Britton) 3
Mr. Partner's Nutrition, Bst 51b (J. Nightizigall 4
Mr. Haig's Wild Beauty, Bst 21b (car Bst 31b (Marchant 5
Mr. R. Raifort's Black Tulip, Bst 51b (E. Forster) 6

Betting—Even on Tormentor, 2 to 1 agst Nutrition, 10
to 1 " bar two." After one failure they got.away. Tor-
mentor immediately going to the front, and never being
headed, won in a canter by two lengths from Miss Haworth.
The Dannebrog, who was last off, ran through his horses
half-way up the straight, and finished a tad third ; Nutri-
tion was fourth ; Black Tulip last.

The Witham Selling Stakes of 5 soya each, with 30 added,

for all ages; selling and other allowances. Three-quarters

of a mile.
Mr. R. Osborne's Credulity, 2 yrs, Est lib (car. Est 31b)
(.£4O) (R. Challoner) 1
Mr L. Peckitt's Globule's dam filly, 2 yrs, fist 111 b (.00)
(T. Goodwin) 2
Mr. Simpson's Nelly Grey, 3 yrs, h b, 7st 51b (£3O)
(W. Martin) 3
Mr. Chaplin's Chessman, 2 yrs, Est (car. Est bib) (X. 30)
(Elphick) 4

Betting.-4 to lon Chessman, Bto 1 agst Credulity, 10
to 1 any other. The Globule's dam filly made play, fol-
lowed by Cll3PRietria,u Lu the half-dietenco, whoro the latter
gave way, and Credulity challenged, a fine race ending in
her favour by a head; two lengths separated second and
third ; the favourite beaten off. The winner was not sold.
The Handicap Hurdle Race of 5 soya each, 2 ft, with 40
added ; winners extra. Two miles. Nine subs.

Mr. G. Walker's Patience, 6 yrs, lOst 131 b (Owner
Mr. Bancroft's Elsham, 6 yrs, lOst 71b (Garnett
Mr. G. Archer's Wicket, 3 yrs, 9st 81b (Gregory
Mr. Welfitt's Climax, aged, lOst llb (F. Lotan

Betting.-5 to 4 agst Patience, sto 2 agst Wicket, and
4to 1 agst Elsham. The latter made play, followed by the
favourite to the last flight of hurdles, where Patience chal-
lenged and won by a length ; Wicket a bad third.

BROOK-HILL (EAST BARNET) STEEPLECHASES.

TRIJRSDAY.

The Brook-hill Steeplechase Plate (handicap) of 40 sous;

winners extra. About two miles and a half.

Mr. B. Land's Strike, 6 yrs, list 21b (Stokes) 1
The following also ran : Bravo, Tiptop, White Stock-
ings, Idiot, Who Dare say 800, and Cassock.
Betting.-2 to 1 agst Strike, 4to 1 each agst Idiot and
Who Dare Say 800, sto 1 agst Bravo. The winner was
the only one who passed the post.

A Maiden Steeple-Chase of 3 sovs each, with 20 added;
weight for age; winners extra. About two miles and a

half.
Mr. Charles's Ben Nevi; 4 yrs, 11st (Owner) 1
Mr. Land's Stiletto, 4 yrs, 11st (States) 2
Mr. Caleraft's Brown Bess, 4 yrs, 11st (Mr. Grant) 3
Mr. J. G. Shaw's Ribston Pippin (Owner) 0

Betting-6 to 4on Stiletto, 4to 1 agst Bon Nevis. Won
by a length ; four lengths between second and third.
The Hunt Cup, value 25 sovs, added to a Sweepstakes of
3 sovs each ; 12st each, with penalties and selling allow-

antes. About three miles. Five subs.
Sir W. 0. Malley's Diana, 5 yrs, llst (X3O) (Mr. P. Barker) 1
Mr. F. G. Gosling's Sailor, aged, 12st (car. 12st 31b)
(.£5O) (Owner) 2
Mr. Hamlin's Idiot, aged, list 71b (£3O) ...... ..(Mr. Grant 3
Mr. Hamlin's Mallet, 6 yrs, 12st 31b (Captain Shaw) 0
Betting-5 to 4 agst Diana, 6to 4 agst Idiot. Won by
three-quarters of a length, a head separating second and
third. The winner was bought by Mr. Wright fo: 55

guineas.
The Scurry Handicap and a Selling Steeplechase did not
fill.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMM—Mr. Gladstone has had to encounter one
of the greatest difficulties of high public life. It is
not that he has had to tell a thrice-told tale, and
tell it thrice over in a day ; not that he has had to
persuade a multitude that it is happy and well go-
verned, or that its happiness lies in its own keeping.
These were only some of the lesser difficulties of the
occasion. Greater than all was the necessity of
being cheerful, hopeful, and even gay, when each
spontaneous thought within must draw the other
way. Between the outer scene and the inner man
there was a gulf to be bridged over. It is needless
to say that Mr. Gladstone did all that man could
do. He went over old, old ground, yet the roses
grew under his feet. He evoked once more the
spirit of Free Trade, and she became an angel of
peace and love. The merchant ships that passed to
and fro were shuttles that wove the web of a uni-
versal amity, and the very bales of merchandise
were labelled with a heavenly message. Taxes, the
evil legacies of old wars, had fallen off all necessary
food and clothing, almost off all the materials with
which we house ourselves, and three parts, or more,
off the comforts of life, leaving the luxuries still
charged with the interest of the national debt.
Stopping in his review, he reminded his hearers that
no financier had ever :seen able to tax the wall of a
Scotch house, so it had gained little by the abolition
of the brick duty ; and at another point he playfully
told his working hearers that they had to thank
Reform for every vote they possessed. Severe upon
stimulants in general, he knew no harm in tobacco,
yet meant to tax it, and only hoped that his great-
grandchildren might outlive this and a few other
duties. Yes, the day will come when a Gladstone,
holding in his hand that massive gold box, with its
enclosed parchment, will tell the tale of a hundred
years ago to an assemblage smoking and drinking
with virtuous, not simply constrained moderation. As
each new topic presented itself, Mr. Gladstone, with
unfailing instinct, pushed in the direction of the
light, and said all that could be said. He reviewed
wars of robbery, of religion, of succession, of terri-
tory, had something in his mind's eye at the men-
tion of the last, and thought all more or less hypo-
critical, unjust, selfish, and unwise. He could not
acquit our own wars for colonies, and their trade.
We should, however, have none of that sort again.
As to education, we were all for that ; we were
making way, and it was only a question of time.
Then for reform, it could not be shirked, for it was
on the banners before him and in the address in his
hand. It depended, he said, on the people. They
would work their own reform by a general elevation
of mind, manners, and morals. Thus elevated, no
one could or would deny them the franchise they
would manifestly deserve. He only wished to see
that day, and he bade them hasten it. We have
hardly done justice to the encouraging and even
flattering tone of the three addresses. There is a
word for all around, and one seems to feel a sen-
sible rise in the level of the human race, carrying us
up to some higher perfection. There was nothing
else to be done. It is the performance announced.
The great artist had been engaged, we know not
how long before, and whatever had befallen him, so
as he had a head on his shoulders and a tongue in
it, he must be at his post and act his part. But
meanwhile his chief had descended to the grave, and
it was almost straight from the brink of that grave
that Mr. Gladstone had to hurry down .to amuse
and enchant, to cheer and to elevate, his deep-think-
ing fellow Scotchmen at Glasgow. Then with that
recent scene came unbidden all its sad associations.
Taxes, wars, schools, polling-booths, e fen ships and
merchandise, all fade away, and there passes be-
tween the speaker and the spoken-to a long and
melancholy train. A widowed Sovereign seems to
sit aside, and to share with the present throng the
accumulated sorrows arising from a long and rapid
succession of national losses. The august form of
the blameless Prince is followed by no less
than seventeen statesmen of high mark and great
promise, wise and experienced councillors, public
servants, all pillars of the social State and guardians
of the Crown. Some Mr. Gladstone names, and
each name suggests its tale of achievement, its
golden promise, and its future that was not to be.
It is a complete administration, he observes, that in
five years has descended to the tomb. A Sovereign
may feel secure, happy, and proud girt by such a
band of men ; but they are not. 'With them have
gone a thousand speculations. This man, that, and
that, we could hardly say how many, would one
day have been Premier. All is over now in that
expectant circle except a loved and honoured me-
mory. But we turn to the survivors. There remains
the Cabinet itself, with one name only missing, and
Mr. Gladstone bids the people of Glasgow, great
and small, take courage, hope for the best, and, in-
deed, entertain long hopes and strong hopes, under
Earl Russell and his colleagues. Such an expression
of confidence became the occasion, and it was also
necessary. Standing amid wrecked hopes and recent
graves, Mr. Gladstone had to confess that, strange
as it was, he never felt so solitary, never so unable
to look elsewhere for that which was to recruit his
own flagging cheer. In all that crowd he stood
alone, and felt alone. We need not look for any
other account of this melancholy feeling except
what he gives himself ; and we must wonder at the
vivid energy and the strength of will which bore

him, and enabled him to do his work so well, when
hardly a name or a subject could come to his lips
without sending a new pang to the breast. Yet this
is what the public man must lay his account for.
He fights in a battle where he must not stop for
the wounded or the dead. Sun and rain, storm and
sunshine, make no difference to him. The world
will call it apathy and think the politician heart-
less. Little do they know that they who most feel
grief are not they who abandon themselves to its
luxury. But what about the future ? Is it possible to
draw any augury as to the lengths Mr. Gladstone
is prepared to go in this or that direction? He tells
his philosophic hearers, in the quaint words of an
old English writer, that our liberties come from na-
ture and God, not from the Crown, or, we presume,
from Legislatures. Nobody can doubt that. If a man
is not free by nature and grace, nobody can make
him so, for he will always be somebody's slave, or
just the slave of his own vices. In the most perfect
Constitution, and certainly in the most popular, there
will always be a majority of men looking about for
somebody to attach themselves to, to sell themselves
to, if need be, to swear by, to be their lord and
master. If it is not a peer, or a great landowner, or
some notable of that sort, it will be the head of a
party, from whom not only guidance but more sub-
stantial advantages are to be expected. It is the self-
imposed slavery of the masses and their spontaneous
corruption that constitute the real impediment in the
way of Parliamentary Reform. When the Reformer
delivered platitudes by the hour in favour of abstract
rights, he knows well that the actual men before him,
in concrete reality, are not capable of using Consti-
tutional power in a respectable manner. Could we
suppose a better class of men arising—human nature
so improved, the standard so raised, and great ex-
amples so appreciated—then we feel sure that it
would be absolutely impossible for one half of the
country to deny rights to the other half. That is all
the augury we can extract from the columns before
us, and, if we must speak the honest truth, we did
not want so great a man to give it. Neither, again,
did we want a Gladstone to tell us that masters and
men should be at liberty to combine respectively, in
order to make the best bargains they could with one
another, so as they did it fairly and peaceably. So
long as people will let others be free as well as them-
selves, and will not mistake for liberty the right of
doing what they like at others' cost and risk, we
grudge them no freedom, no right that can be
named. But this is what we are waiting for, as
also is Mr. Gladstone. According to him, a happy
time is coming. The coming man, the great eman-
cipator, is to be the working man himself, who is
to become worthy of liberty and franchise by allow-
ing liberty and Constitutional privileges to others.

POST.—Mr. Gladstone is the first Cabinet Mini-
ster whose lot it has been to address a public audi-
ence since the death of the late Premier and the
consequent reconstruction of the Ministry, and for
that, as well as for other reasons, the speeches which
he has delivered in Glasgow have doubtless been
read with considerable attention. Mr. Gladstone,
whilst retaining the office of Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, has become leader of the House of Com-
mons, and as the chief spokesman of the Govern-
ment in that chamber, his utterances have become
invested with an importance which they never before
possessed. What will be the domestic policy of the
new Ministry no one can tell, but every one is
anxious to learn, and it was perhaps anticipated
that Mr. Gladstone would have availed himself of
the opportunity just afforded to him at Glasgow of
foreshadowing at least the course which the Go-
vernment might have resolved to adopt. Those,
however, who entertained such anticipations have
been doomed to disappointment ; for, whether from
the fact of the Government being still undecided as
to the course which they intend to pursue, or from
a feeling that the present time is inopportune for
disclosing it, their representative has preserved the
most absolute silence in respect to the future. Nor
is this all (negative though it be) that is to be
learned from Mr. Gladstone's speech at Glasgow.
It has been'supposed, and:it must be admitted, that
there have been abundant grounds for the supposi-
tion, that the Chancellor of the Exchequer was by
far too impetuous and too eloquent a speaker to be
capable of resisting the temptation of treating par-
ticular topics rather with the object of dazzling or
startling hii,,hearers than with a view to practical re-
sults. A speech which, some 18 months ago, he
made in the House of Commons on the subject of
reform, especially led persons to form conjectures of
the future bent of his political career, and now that
he has attained his present position, men are anxious
to discover whether those conjectures willbe realised.
But, although Mr. Gladstone delivered two very long,
very eloquent, and very discursive speeches, he
avoided, with an astuteness which the most cautious
and phlegmatic of Ministers could not have sur-
passed, all direct allusion to that particular subject
on which the public are most desirous of learning
his views and those of the Government which he
represented. The past and the present he reviewed
with his customary ability, but the future was a
sealed book which he did not venture to open. If
we might borrow an Irish expression, he spoke a
great deal, but he said nothing ; and as it must be
admitted that a Government is fully justified in
concealing its counsel until it is matured, Mr. Glad-
stone may be regarded as having furnished a proof
that in the responsible position which he now occu-
pies he can exercise that judgment and reticence
which a pivernment has a right to expect from its
leading members. For a Minister who chooses to
indulge in a retrospect of the history of the country
during the past thirty or forty years there are
ample materials for an effective address ; and if Mr.
Gladstone was not prepared to tell the people of
Glasgow what the Government intended to do for
them, he found no difficulty in painting a glowing
picture by referring to what had been already done.
The ants of legislation during this period have, as he
justly remarked, embraced almost every subject
which can be of interest to a free and civilised com-
munity. " The popular franchise has been wisely
and temperately, yet boldly enlarged." Persons
will, however, ask whether, after the lapse of
thirty years, the time has not come for another
wise and temperate enlargement ; and those who
recollect the animated language in which, on a
memorable occasion, Mr. Gladstone called " on
the adversary to show cause " why every man
should not indirectly have a voice in the creation of
the laws to which he was called upon to render
obedience, will be curious to know the meaning
which he attaches to the terms " wise" and " tempe-
rate." Within the same period the 'education of the
people has been largely extended, whilst the oppo-
site evils of indifference and intolerance have been
successfully avoided. Religious disabilities have
been swept away, protection has given way to free
trade, and questions of social policy have been dis-
cussed and determined with a view to the promotion
of intercourse not only between the various mem-
bers of our own community, but amongst the
various nations of the world. And the fact that
whatever may have been the actuating motives, the
results of modern legislation have been to knit
together by ties of common interest the various
members of the great family of nations, suggested
to Mr. Gladstone the idea that political parties
are no longer moved by the same selfish considera-
tions as in times gone by. To party combinations
he rightly refers those matured convictions of expe-
rience which find their expression in the form of
laws and institutions, and he gives utterance to
a sentiment which no one will controvert when
he says that the true end of party combination
is the welfare and prosperity of the State.
But in expressing the opinion that a Govern-
ment labours to-day not only for the good
of a particular country, but for that of the whole
world, many will perhaps think he has been misled
by the fallacy of supposing that, because the results
flowing from a State policy have, from the altered
conditions of social life, become more extensive
than formerly, the motives dictating such policy
have become equally comprehensive. It is perhaps
right to say that we no longer consider the welfare
of our own country as something not only distinct
from, but opposed to, that of other States • but we
continue to legislate, and must always continue to
legislate, with a view to the advancement of our
own prosperity ; and if other nations, owing to such
legislation. share in that prosperity, so much the
better. Some remarks made by Mr. Gladstone on
wars, and the causes which produce them, will be
read with interest. Wars are not like pestilences,
the visitations of Providence, and there seems no
reason why they should not be avoided. Until
very lately nations had begun to regard them as
evils which were by no means necessary, and the
long period of profound peace which followed the
final deposition of the First Napoleon testified to
the sincere desire which the States of Europe
manifested to avoid taking any differences they may
have had out of the hands of diplomatists. But
times are changed, and it would seem that some
among us at least are relapsing into that primeval
state when, as Mr. Gladstone happily expressed it,
the simplest mode of bettering one's condition was
to abstract another's property. In any society in
which might means right trials of strength must be
of constant occurrence, and if the same principles
are accepted in the family of nations wars must be
incessant. Now, it certainly is disheartening that,
notwithstanding all the efforts made of late years
to unite more closely the different nations of the
earth, some amongst them should have learned to
adopt views which could not be countenanced in
any political society. But so it is. Two of the
most powerful of European States have not only
formally recognised, but carried into actual prac-
tice, the antiquated theory that the desire of appro-
priating the territory of another people, coupled
with the ability to do so, fully justifies the act.
The spoliation of Denmark in 1864 furnishes a
. curious pendant to the glowing picture drawn by

••
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