The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSO

XI-YR. CIVIL-LAW TORTORE OP CARIB PETER—NO PAY,
As Oat-cast .£ s. d. Prince:-.consort of Civic coin, on 6 Ed. 6,
17th and 31st Jan , 1842, Gresham 9-cl. as the Medallion
King's Bailiff Agent, in Lea Mercatoria of the Holyrood
House Rt,ara se's-acre to Church : : Rood-Keeps—so
G.m's Gwydir-sst deice-ley 1820, thr9 fir C. Hamilton, .Bt.
The itomish-harp'ys are acting without my fi.seal-leave,
altho wi7;l-6th deputy by 31 G m.e 32, §7. '9l act (1820-25,
by Caotlereagh's Calvin-protunrant to FINCH'S ro double
office' Archbishop of Lyons & Cardinal-chaplain of Cana-
de;--as Labrador '49 act successor to 14 Clement's Jesuit
'outing, to 93's NAP. temporal holy see,)'ng--in Quebec's
Virginian 1764-5-76 Admiralty High Court of delegates
thro Yellowstamp, King's-post master Benj. Franklin's
Crown veto grants, on J. Adams '99yr. 7.1) idea to North,
on prince-Consort to Lathe (1 Pocahontas &) Mary March,
as Matron-pope of Rome-like, consecrated by Domitian°
per matrona tenerum corpus Christi,' in title precedent,
by Ackerley's Bead probate-Crt.-surrogatcy °ver Montagu
;Dalhousie's Commune'ty Afranchie to red Scarf-chamber
deputies, of J. L's 'Great Britain (33 G. Irr., c 44, §1), the
Brit annos Superior', of Vespasian's P/cotland mora-via
(not Ravite.----Clement slaves to church of Rome by The six
James' acts)-n Bristol'sfwper alt'mare' offspring sea aloft,
—so Christian thieves, on 1787 Jus. civil law code. lib. 1.,
tit. 1., §4, Pexposition °rlay 'U.S. '76, for l'exhibition'rs,
have no Utrecht Rio 3ty slave-plot rights, in America—
now stopped, by my 1825-Brazil set as (2nd branch of
Vere in Mordaunt Monox Dacres Atkyns), the King's
Chamber-lain Chapplen, in 21 H. 8 a 13, on P. 7 Ed. 6 oath
of Stat. 1, G. 1, c 3—in Yorkii Osnaburgh-treasurer, as
W. pat. 7 H. rn.—' Qui vent le fin, tint Le meridian.

AIR-BALLOON ASCENTS.-With CUL DE-
SAC' Drop-PARACHUTE-Poiz'rs, on 1783 Idea.

MEllo.—On wing-spread, birds create their own quill-
vacuum : so Cruelty to animals Act—gives cause, for ma-
gisterial stoppage of these ascents, without shown wit, VIZ.—
by four external Cul-de-sack windbags attached from crown
net, whose mouth-rings, (inward weighted to Net'ng are
vertical, till gas lb. faux .00 within the balloon, at the
over-3-mile Zone-electric), Self-convert themselves hori-
zontally, by elabtic gutta-tie, into parachute fall poizers,
" In ponderibus librata suis" —(Ovid')—
in vase of collapse retreat—as seen above Wolverhampton's
poor Union mill of Dudley Somerie, Swinford-Exchange--
ad which barqmete 26in. point of Foulawcast, on 17 July,
touched the A-tribute Parashield to Egypt-in-seno's Rou-
taeliot Accident & Offences note [on my ArabiSuez 30. Pico-
radifehah-Gth Aug., 1828, on Belgrade toDardtmell' 3ty]'
for its e-Lest-Court--Emperota rn Camera-laysation law,
en Agnes Crantner Cartwright, of Ofington-tie--1776,
L"Bar". 12 4 B=l6= -28. 3206 in. Yard.

Mr. Coxwell's omission to take up, car-affixed, the pure
oxygenic wax taper same (obtained in Piccadilly), used in
Its vehicle ' the lamp of life,' for nasal vacu9-shield-bone
inhalation—by all Aeronauts, against 151 b sqr-inch atmos-
pheric Cough •pre.ssure on the lungs, accounts for nlue-lip'd-
Glaisher v!suffermg a 5-sqr.in, tho' descent-saved by hydro-
gen Voltaic-gas circumvent, reminding him of Shenstone's
occult TrAchan straw-calf'—couplet (on Nun Qu'endrida
of Tip'tt AI), for bringing down the mayn°6th milkuser

6's ,i " For in Cleat, as + martyr'd, under a thorn 1 981
1 Lieth, King Ken'elm with head off-shorn.' j 2
as. the defunct ancestors of Emp. Conrad H.'s a.-daughter
Agatha, Malcolm m & wife Margaret's P• offspring, now in
Spanish Escurial of Philip it. (whose daddy, II CAR. v., was
Gaunt-constable of England), as Saxon kin to Edward m's
°Hainault-.Philipa—Salve Lucr°n lake Pompeii yr. A 79, set
by the bar°mete 2in.----,1 lb. to vacu° concur TITUS I fall for
Double-reason 64-32-16 8 4 o.by Geometric progres-
sion to Treble and Quadruple, Ifabeiment, against future
Papal' Martyr-Coronaturs' of pious women-popes.

The vif-quiekeilvery drop Vacteetherize 'l6 tn. aloft' for
Ccelueid 'fia/Auts' met-gr expansion—absence of Nitro-moist
fog within Estuative-power,— influx of dry Quick-electri.
city, by drowning-Dead-like effects on system—So the pit-
a-pat pulse of a Tucked-up 7 heart o'er its key-midriff nevi,
sounded the Thumb-inch tic-dirge music of the spheres,'
whilst Wiry hair and ruffled paper gave a voltase battery
lionochord on entering DeParadiee ' where the first pair
meet' at 16in. deg., of Blood crystal'ng-- on the 16 inch fall
for 15,840 ft. rise 3 miles of 5,280 ft, each, to I,oooft. per in.
—to-aches the Chain of Port Gaspe-basin' marine league
by cannon shot 3-mile oft-shore limit of 1794 3ty' for river
Ligne tires of Indian Peter, with Surveyor LOGAN'S fishery
_Egomet-Q-self level, of 1818 Act, 9, on '42-62—showing
Fitzroy's false (3) manual, 31 barometer & multiple : : : :
sector a scale-line on a Soc: Teen 26 •ma'll idea.

So, Windsor-(Howl-waft Z 9'erhead 0/cot Cole)-region of
wehrWulfra Hampton of EDGA-R' s sister—Jahn Ell-seat to
balloon Pha3ton'd collapse, bull'srun (belly-paunch-like), on
Lang-hamlet of Oakham-n.—on Union deputy-papal Pal-
merston' 8' 91 Tulchan-loge vise, by x Wrottesley's o?rethy
Dudley-Wardship of Bassett-wilton *Stamford,

This go bye 'eivilis motu fratres' education Comigh 1826-
[on snatch'ng witnes Ackerley's Emp. Pedro 1. deed resign]
31, pope-Joan game, on Holy Alliance out'ng, by Sir C.
'Stuart, Adm. Hamond & Hill Sandys, for Ackerley's Chap-
laincy edict, 29th Aug., 1825 P 26 Jan.—shows La belle re-
aeriform- within, in cases of Low fire-damp expel by breath
Vacerarification—for purification of the blood (against Po-
lice 1829 Meter-touch ? discolour of hand) 'at 3 mile Wing
life-absence aloft—sets a '32 perijove to Coorg-Trnnv, on
Pendul'umbrella-sack'd Miltonic ' bottomless pit' dipfalls,
against Virgil's nefoensns' as Planet's perihelion-ellipse
" Sufficient unto the (Die is the Oval thereof."
spiral line (to Mundane oval of H. B's will-lease at Ken-
nington-Butts to 1791 Sphinx-we. So Tudor sham aiicheg
of ranker star's white-Alba-Alt 'Ruff's of Scotia minor) on
the ExAter Ursa stellar (399Jegog • " : : gyration.,' /within
night poach N bill, 6 August, to a Jesus-nomenanse Nday,
in Rotherham's-will 1490, O.S. transfiguration c." St.-rider
-ft. err Ant PM ratteu/a for Conception Fest 9 realist drama-lady-
day -(Ha.n9ver). 'lt rideth round the heavens as on a horse.'
In Hopton's English Kalendar Concordance, 1612, and
..on .lulus epitaph " Tempinm Flaviss Gentis a Domitianu
Conditum' ..cs Martialis' Epigrams, 1. iv. Sent. 1. i. 5. 17.

_ , •
A P.= a) "Migiii sus • • NUTAMC.." [lndia
• • • N.] P•Atkyns- Montague C. X AOXBB.LMT, Exec
a. • • 1-2 w. re. xp. 54, Chamberlayne (die-sworn,
• Pirrsa BAsauirr., Income-tax chief (1842 tuapaid§ of
`,7.1 . • China Ruff wall cr_renit horizon of---. London, Sep. 26.
e 1862) its Motitdrcuma-inch Admiralty red flag, not in
Brant's power to give up fiwP. 1793-China, to Mercy,
-1 & GI-mit-cause of Capen's x f-yr support, the ton's.
ministers use his brains, & mogul mock him to death
as Padrona l'onde' for Bahar's Dewanney, on
"
co Hen. 7 and 8, ch 31, will trustee-set Precedency, as
sovereign Rood-nave Arbiter of people's lands,
for holding to 1820's Carib-protectorship oath on its £9O-yr
retain, mg fee for duty costs, £1,600 for Indians of America,
whi'4l2. Treasury refuse to pay or reply to their G-Geneva un-
re'.ieved 1824 act (33 G. ra, c 7, Slaves free), on acting Lieut.
carder—under Polar map-inch Act, c) 9 1818.20—as King's
Chaplin (to Ackerley's R,N. 'l% voice, on AB-juration act 1791
§ 7),—not for Romish Vr.Gwydir corpo?rates of Baltimore-
maryland & Brazil, on Calvin Luther church pay—So their
colonial idea Crown veto for MPP acts, if Tacit home shown
at 6 'months for Law—unknown till Peter's arrival in 1851,
as • Pont,V Landlord recognised by Earl Grey's November
letter' that Indian justice should be done,' —by his election
"48 _Le Congru'ss 'fit' Constable of England f on report of
the theft of Tower stores 'J. King' issued to him in '42 for
.Ashburton Ind. survey of the New Found-land of Virginia,
by the Earl of Derby' and Blackwood, sectry.-holding the
Ind. Yellow Gold-edged 1764-5 3ty Nepal-grants, of Frede-
rickton, N. Brunswick.—(Signed)—Benj. Franklin, Rich-
mond •delegate—on ' 1788 ln‘Qpartzble by 1794's _Deputy
Jefferson's U. S. c. 1, §3-1819-26 C. A. resume trust—
not for Hudson Bay Co.'s Guerilla Penn-brigands, of the
china Portet Four martin-skin. Timber'—p, 164 offering.
Whence the doubtful subscribed public fund for' the
Prince C,onsort Memorial of 1851 recognition, as above—
the definite THE of this adjective verbiage on the King of
Pruar;ta & Douro-buton sign at Windsor Castle, with Albert
and Wife of Chumb.-comvx, on Sir W. Logan's survey of
Catfada--shows Sir C. Eastlake, MY 1842 vxmoRIA.-mou/d
cciin /ay-Consort (CONDITUM' has no reference to bill-acts of
—" Lis% & Victoria mutua,"—by numen'37sham,
Nrictorie proclaiming without Kelly's City nomen to P.C.
for dout,:ie Swynfordam Kirk-head, by a Gresham-z Stone
statue' Change, for Standard bearer Ackerley's oath Jan. 30,
1837-t,So no figure date on illegal 'pea victoria' Florin.

f As Trinidad's Ceylon 10 deg. Is to as-I:alcon'd
.^--So is Bengars•c> broad . arrow=to Cuba s Belltower, by
1764-5 Quadruple Sty-sign grants of America, till Spanish
logwood cut-Fig convention of 1782, for Brant's deputy-
Percy assurnption en Peter's grandfather, John Nwlwarr
removal t() Spanish Esqu'ueal for their mantlerelieto Cum-
berland-tort, Nova Scotia, its Indian chief over Nf 'ndland
Constaue,a horse, removed to a Hali-cone'ian stable by
George m tacit Rex admission for Clarence Beitse lAfric.
'l'o M— Jefferies, & Bailiffs of Tanse-(worth, Stour-Trent
-talker y river Dan fish'ry on Poor-law 0. S. audits, March
15, Rate in aid on 43-Eliz.) in Wye part of Guy's Hospital
by 21 July, 1521-211 CARL. V. &H.B, of Southark bar' for
Clapham's Conjnate reciprocity 3ty, to Yellow Tiber' Zoll-
verein trusteeship, yr 42—on the 4 great nations of Gaul's
Lion 'pont del' Arcubaliatar'y .`" Jetsam"' . Stat, -4 Geo. 4
c. 74—for all River Indian Bailie oath Crts, whether Asia's
Europe, or the free Mississippi and St. Lawrence.
Ye 1 will ask the UNION for Loan to Indian and Self f
Was I in receipt of my father's life-hold name estate—its
rental being withheld by Attorney Cole's ratehold voting
'on my brother Chamberlayne by 1-2 Will. Iv., No. 64,
(not Ackerleo, whence the double forge of " Charles and
C. Henry' in Master of Roll's foist-decree, 15th March,
'62, touc ihng the 'X'sourtorA ow the Water Act, by Cole'r
as canal Ells-mere agent of Saugh-k.-washall, to Dean and
Chapter of Chester's Qrt. of iairfax delegates, Nov., 1807-
% on-Yonx—Eice,zemunication of name—as palatin-Clare
m"-B°.Vir:.arn, Oddingtou—Sir Tho. Chamberlayne's
2d wife, Lady t, Care 23,
Butler judgew-, Berkeley, of Chester's Lacy Wogan
p 16 ,on 1067' —to my 'Slane' 1837.
"Bo nawksey'd—owl in desert lone
' Hugh Loop'd axe 1.—.0 God, thy one 1"
N.B.—March 1815 Ghent 3ty, with U.S. except Prance.
At Gemappe 10.58 p.m. June 17, 1815, Wellington signed
the Ohahelt ? land Carte blanche, Jesuit restoration (ibrotu
of pii 7th, May 12, 1814 as in Gonsalves St. Marie add
Martyrs,' negl6 219, 6th July 'l6)--on Blucher's 42,000
aid, for 18th June—M. Thiers kens the Belgi-7 batons,
Waterloo 'Game' Bill of '3l and '62 fact-villany—on my
Quebec Indian Siderial martyred Mary dedication timot—
hy Demitian's Deus ac Dominus'—sheaving no apostolic-
Peter succession, save MICMAC Peter's Tower certify'42.
" Au sein de la Boussole, des Iles Fortunees
S'4leve a Pico—mon temple de la paix." §

- - - - -
f Sir John Phillimore, R.N. (on my 1821-2 confirmation
*A Lien-tenant-deputy of the Crown Colonial-chaplaincy,
and Geo. 4's sdin. Gorget submission), founded a Temple
church, dedicated to eqr. Meridian as prior to 1582.
(See Sun A .Pr'l 19' 28, May 16, Se July 19.)

The Commercial Union Assurance Company,
having nearly completed the first year of their existence,
have issued a report of the extent of business transacted,
whence it appears that the receipts for fire premiums have
amounted to £4,5,000, while the total claims have—with
the exception of one which the company believe to be un-
founded—reached only £11,400, The company consider
that it is from the stand which they made against the ex-
cessive rates attempted to be established by the combined
offices after the fire at London-bridge in 1861, that the com-
mercial community enjoy the more moderate terms now
generally current. The life department of the company
was not commenced until the Ist of May, and therefore no
particulars are given respecting it, but it is intimated that
it has been very well supported.

The Malta journals announce the death, at a very
advanced age, of a distinguished architect of that place,
Mr. George Grognef, who had devoted the best portion of
his life to the cultivation of arts and sciences in the island
of Malta. He did not long enjoy a pension of .€lOO per
annum conferred upon him on the occasion of the Prince
of "Wales's visit to Malta as a public recognition of hip
merit,

.44
.gR
, •
;y4

THE SUN.
LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPT. 25, 1862.

An outrage of a most flagrant character is now
in course of perpetration—is already half accom-
plished—by the Russian Autocracy. The victim of
this outrage being one of the most illustrious of the

living patriots of Poland. We here speak of no

other than Count ANDREW ZAMOYSKI. This
distinguished man, the descendant of an ancient
race, the possessor of an European reputation, has
but very recently been entrapped, it would appear,
far more than ever the most infatuated followers
of GARIBALDI can for one moment pretend that he
was entrapped by the RATTAZZI Cabinet at Aspro-
monte. The Italian Hero from first to last was
unquestionably deceived : he was undeniably
cajoled : he was fooled to the top of
his bent. But—though thus egregiously de-
ceived, cajoled, and deluded—he was himself
flagrantly, glaringly, almost criminally to blame.
Carried away by his own impetuosity, he most
erroneously, and most unhappily, both for himself
and others, ventured to stake everything upon the
hazard of a die. For this error of judgment, nay of
patriotism and of conscience, he (stainless and un-
sullied in his honour still to the last) is now under-
going the punishment of incarceration in the for-
tress of Varignano.
Saving only, in the one simple circumstance of
his having been entrapped—deliberately entrapped
into an " appearance" (for, in his instance,
it is nothing more) of treasonous agi-
tation circumstances ate entirely other-
wise with Count ANDREW ZAMGYSKI.
Yet more distinctly indeed than ever GARIBALDI
was entrapped by Signor RATTAZZI and his col-
leagues—ZAMOYSKl has, we venture most positively
to assert, been entrapped by no less a personage
than his Imperial Highness the Grand Duke
CONSTANTINE. Elsewhere in our impression of
this evening we give a narrative of the whole of
these extraordinary proceedings—a narrative com-
municated by the hand of one of our most authori-
tative and distinguished correspondents. From
this remarkable record of the last great crime of
Russia in regard to Polish Patriotism—(for the last
pathetic and even tragic incident recounted in the
narrative published by us this evening, points to
nothing less than the commission of a crime)—it will
be seen that, with a frightful accuracy in every
phrase we are here using, Count ZAMOYSKI has
been, in the course of these proceedings, the victim
of circumstances over which he has had no control
whatever. Summoned to Warsaw shortly after the
execution of the three stripling assassins who
attempted to take the lives of the Marquis
WIELOPOLSKI and the Grand Duke CONSTANTINE—
Summoned to Warsaw, we say, by no other than the
Grand Duke CONSTANTINE himself ! Count ANDw.
ZAMOYSKI has just been seized as a prisoner, and
deliberately carried away under a military escort
from Warsaw to St. Petersburg by order of—his Im-
perial Highness the Grand Duke CONSTANTINE ! And
this—literally,
absolutely—for doing what it had
been personally suggested to him that he should do,
personally suggested to him by no less illustrious a
personage than—his Imperial Highness the Urand
Duke CONSTANTINE !

Recollect it was the Grand Duke himself who
summoned Count ZAMOYSKI from exile to Warsaw.
Thither—tonnt AliZO Warsaw—in answer to that summons
CO YSICI at once hastened. Confiding in the
honour of a Prince and a Gentleman he went there.
Immediately after his arrival there, there was
an interview, a lengthened interview, between the
Grand Dake and the Count, between ZAMOYSKI
and CONSTANTINE. At this interview his imperial
highness (brother of, and Viceroy for, the CZAR)
inquired of Count ANDREW ZAMOYSKI, as of one
eminently qualified to afford him the required infor-
n4tioni what could peeeibly be dons, according to

his (Count Zamolrma's) views, to satisfy the wishes
Of the country. Our correspondent, in relating this
circumstance, observes—" The Count replied with
respect, but firmness, that he had no authority to
sneak in the name of the nation, that he should
have first to consult his countrymen upon the sub-
ject ; but, as an individual, he was bound to tell
his Imperial Highness that nothing short of the
full restitution of ancient and national rights, and
of a Government entirely composed of the Poles,
could in any way appease the present discontent
of tke people. He added that the present Govern-
ment inspired no confidence in the country, and
it was so much of Russian Government that even
the EMPEROR himself was unable to accomplish
any of his promised ameliorations; in fact,
he said in plain words, that in Russia the
EMPEROR is one and his Ministers another, and
by far a stronger authority." Unpalatable truths,
no doubt, all these, to be listened to by his Imperial
Highness : but truths, nevertheless, every one of
them ! Remembering that he it was who
had summoned Count ZAMOYSKI to Warsaw,
and who had there and then invited him to utter
his opinion frankly as to the requirements
of Poland (in his estimation, of course), under
existing circumstances—the Grand Duke ought
surely, in justice, in courtesy, in simple decency,
to have borne with those truths, however unpa-
latable, at any rate with something like a show
of equanimity. Instead of which, however, his
Imperial Highness replies to the Count in
an angry tone, and replies by reproaching him"!
Intimating to the Count ANDREW ZAMOYSKI at
the same time and before the close of this interview
—" that he should concert with his country and elicit
the real sentiments of the nation." The advice so
given to Count ZAMOYSKI by the Grand Duke CON-
STANTINE was quite plain enough. Count ZAMOY-
SKI listened to that advice—and followed it. He
despatched a circular forthwith to the wealthiest
and the most influential landowners in Russian
Poland—demanding their opinion, and receiving in
reply an address signed by no less than 300
ofethose the richest and the most considerable
among his countrymen. This important address
embodies within it the requirements and wishes
of the country, as expressed through the medium
of these same 300 landowners. It contains also,
besides this, a request to Count ZAMOYSKI that he
will be the interpreter of these 300 landowners
before his Imperial Highness the Grand Duke
CONSTANTINE. Count ZAMOYSKI complies with
this request—but with what results ? Why, with
these results—that on the 15th instant his palace
is suddenly surrounded by police, and a peremptory
order is handed to the Count by Generals POLUGGI
and BABUTOW, commanding Count ZAMOYSKI at
once to proceed to the Grand Duke's palace at B )1-
vediere. There—is it to be believed ?—he
is coolly informed by the Grand Duke (that
Great Prince and Gentleman) that he must
account for his conduct to the Emperor !
His conduct ? But it was in obedience
to the suggestion of the Grand Duke CONSTANTINE
himself that he had been acting throughout ! No
matter—the Imperial orders are peremptory and
without appeal. The GRAND DUKE himself is per-
fectly self-possessed as though his role as Prince
und Gentleman were being performed to perfection.
Within two hours from the moment of receiving
this astounding intimation from the lips of the
Grand Duke—Count ZAMOYSKI is in a railway car-
riage as a state prisoner, being conveyed under a
strong military escort from Warsaw to St. Peters-
burgh. "Those," writes one correspondent, " who
witnessed his departure from home state it to be
one of the most tender nature—wife, children, and
friends vied one with anoth-r in taking an affec-
tionate, and perhaps a last glance of this great
and noble victim of Russian treachery and
cruelty. He himself looked calm and serene,
conscious of having done his duty as a Pole
and an enlightened patriot, having no
other motive but to servo the best in-
terests of his country." GOD be with him !
and protect him ! Remembering the power re-
posed in the hands of that Autocrat of 60,000,000,
remembering those icy wildernesses of Siberia,
remembering all the wrongs perpetrated by the
Czars of Russia upon the champions of the Polish
Nationality since the evil days of the first, second,
' and third Partitions—let us hope that some happier
fate than now appears to be imminently threaten-
ing him, may yet, with HEAVEN'S good help, be in
reserve for Count ZAMOYSKI.

Let who will depreciate agricultural meetings,
Cabinet Ministers, " in" or " out," will not. We
have just had DISRAELI among the farmers, we have
now GLADSTONE among them. Both of them
have steered very clear of existing politics, and
both amused themselves by specious generalities.
" Solving problems" seemed to be, for this purpose,
a favourite political pastime. Mr. DISRAELI used
the old country to solve his hardest political pro-
blem—we had " combined reverence for tradition
with progress." Mr. GLADSTONE, in toasting the
Army, Navy, and Volunteers, flattered us on the
solution of another. "We alone of all nations
had solved the problem of vesting vast strength
in a separate portion of the community without
destroying their citizenship, or endangering the
liberties of the people." These agricultural gather-
ings will thus teach us, on the testimony of those
who have to manage us, that we are a finer set
of fellows than we knew ourselves to be.. We
are almost afraid that, going on in this way,
praised both by Liberal and Tory Ministers, we
shall at last get as conceited as the Yankees them-
selves.

Mr. GLADSTONE, took, however, a better text
than giving green coats and bright buttons to prize
labourers, and premiums to faithfulness which ought
to be rewarded by the master, and to economy which
had spared the parish rates. Mr. GLADSTONE
gave us an oratorical Georgic on the modern
farmer. And a good topic it is. The
modern farmer is a very different person
from his prototype of ancient times, or even of the
last century, in England. "There was a time, un-
doubtedly, when the farmer was looked upon as a
different kind of person from a manufacturer, and
when it was supposed that a very average standard
of mental qualities, if not physical exertion, would
suffice for the performance of the duties of those
who are engaged in the cultivation of the earth.
But we have now found out, on the contrary, that
everything more or less connects itself with the cul-
tivation of the soil, and that it not only involves all
the knowledge which science can bring to bear upon
the manufacture of implements the most suitable to
be employed in cultivation, but a high chemical
knowledge of all the qualities of those restoratives
which in their thousand forms replenish and revive
the surface of the ground ; consequently, that the
duties and functions which constitute the business
of a farmer are such as to afford the amplest scope
to the greatest efforts, whether mental or physical,
of the highest order of intelligence which can be
brought to bear upon the subject, and that, if it is
pursued in the manner in which it ought to be pur-
sued, in a manner worthy of itself, the man who
Pursues it as an occupation must be a man of active
mental, as well as of active bodily habits, and the
more he exercises those gifts of the mind and that

power of thought with which Providence has en-
dowed him the greater and more conspicuous will
be his success in his cailing."
It is indeed true, that while in too many parts of
the country, an old-fashioned, illiterate, poor
tenantry, and a humane landlord who cannot bring
himself to unsettle old semi-feudal dependents, the
land is yet tilled with little advance on the practice
of remote times—yet in rapidly extending districts
change for the better is going on fast. The opening
of the country by railroad alone has done much
to equalize the value of farm produce, and to carry
the knowledge of agricultural improvements to
parts where they before have been heard of only.
It is not many long rides which an observer can
now take by railway without noticing obvious im-
provements in the enclosures and general aspect of
the fields, and if he has known the country long, and
is familiar with such subjects, he will notice also the
effect of good drainage both on arable and pasture
land. The manuring, the implements for tillage,
and the character of the farm stock will all strike
him also as considerably modified for the better
within his recollection : of some of our poorer soils,
he will know that the production within a half
century has been nearly doubled. And all has
been the work of advancing knowledge and skill.
Chemistry, physiology, social habits, mechanical
ingenuity, and not least, the independence and
energy generated by the repeal of the corn laws
have all contributed their part towards the great
agricultural change.
Perhaps there is no change more needing to be
fully developed than that which may be almost
said to have been inaugurated in quite modern
times ; we refer to the not very pleasant, but yet
very important subject of sewage. The views of it
now generally held could hardly be said to have
existed in any shape before the time of LIEBIG.
Of course every farmer and gardener knew
the value of the ordinary farm manure ; but for
the first evidence of the direct relation of the pro-
perties of vast quantities of what was recklessly
wasted in England, to the growth, nutrition, health
and properties of plants, we are mainly indebted to
the German professor. No one now doubts that
were it mechanically practicable to sweep clean the
streets of our cities, towns, and villages, to secure
what is now fermenting in cesspools, or polluting
our streams, and to place the whole on the land, in
connection with appropriate crops, we should pro-
duce almost as much extra grain from it as the
inhabitants of the town consumed. Were nothing
lost through the habits of men and animals, a po-
pulation in fair seasons might, with the natural
fertility of the earth, be self supported
by its own territory. Of course this marvellous
theory can be no more fully carried out in practice,
than there can be motion, in accordance with mecha-
nical theory, without allowing for friction. But it
is something for the towns and agriculture to under-
stand each other on this subject. It must make its
way in time. London, with its vast system of
sewers, will soon take the lead, in not merely
diverting offensive matter from its noble stream,
but in showing what a vast supply of food for man
and beast may be called into existence by the right
appropriation of what is now a nuisance. We do
not doubt that the day is fast approaching when in
every respectable house in the kingdom it be
held to be a kind of crime to waste what would
, fertilise the soil.

We are not, indeed, to expect that agriculture
is ever to be a very profitable employment. Great
ventures cannot be made in it as in trade and com-
merce. We never hear of millionaire farmers,
though we often hear of millionaire landlords, who
owe their position to the gains of the manufactory
and the warehouse. Mr. GLADSTONE was one of
the many who need not look beyond his own origin
for the illustration of this. But farming has its
compensations assuredly. Mr. GLADSTONE truly
remarks " that we could not expect that farming as
a trade will ever be distinguished by the enormous
gains which other pursuits may occasionally pro-
duce, but then, inasmuch as agriculture is by far
the most healthy, by far the most agreeable, and,
on the whole, by far the most satisfactory of all pur-
suits, it would be a very unequal distribution of
the benefits of Providence if agriculture had coupled
with all these advantages an overbearing share of
the profits of industry. The agreeableness of agri-
culture, as a pursuit, can hardly be denied, for
what does every man, worried with business,
look to, as what he should to do when
he has made his fortune and retired ?
The small farm, homestead, and mansion
are his soothing ideal. He will lose money
by it, to be sure, if he gains them; but nct so
much as he might by American railways, or some
other biid investment. But indeed from the flower-
pot in the windows, and the suburban gardens,
where we grow vegetables at a greater cost than we
could buy them for, all of us look uron eliciting the
powers of mother earth in the shape of vegetation
as the most soothing and rational of recreations.
Agriculture is but the same occupation on the large
scale, and it will therefore always have the peculiar
charm which indisposes men to quit it for other
pursuits, and which attracts men of other pursuits
to it.

However, as Mr. GLADSTONE justly remarked,
though there are rarely if ever great windfalls in agri-
culture, its gains are steady; and even its labouring
population, if wages be low, are not sub-
ject to such total failures as we have lately seen
in Coventry and now see in Manchester. We
hope Dorsetshire will be content with this rea-
soning, but we also hope that the extension of
scientific and mechanical farming will raise the
skill and value of agricultural labour to something
like the position reached by that of the manufac-
turing operative.

We are not about to write a homily on the life
of WILLIAM ROUPELL. Its moral though
the events of the last few years partake,
through their magnitude and daring, of the
marvellous—is, we think, of a very vulgar
kind. His alleged motives for his last acts are be-
fore us ; bat, as the Judge significantly remarked,
ONE only can know whether they are the real
motives. The Judge, however, indicated tii single
and but too common lesson deducible from the
whole, that " the man who deviates from the path
of rectitude takes the first step on the decline
of a precipice, when he has no longer
the power to stand still or to recede, or to go for-
ward; and every further step he takes only leads
to certain ruin and destruction."

WILLIAM ROUPELL has intentionally withheld
what he at one time thought of giving to the pub-
lic, the full story of his life. Without this we have
nothing but the facts known to every one. They
would, antecedently to his confessions, backed by
the corroborating circumstances, have been thought
most violent and improbable as fictions. It
may possibly be, therefore, that the story he
told in court was a true one. Otherwise we must
say we should think it as improbable as the tale of
Mrs. M'LACHLAN, delivered also in court before her
condemnation. It may have been that to repay a
friend in difficulties a sum no larger than was re-
quired to purchase books—books for the profession
he was studying, we may suppose—he commenced
his course of reckless forgery. It may havEN