The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-30 00:00:00

7HE MANCHESTER SANK MANAGER.

The following additional details of this defaulter
are supplied by the Manchester Guardian :—ln
the months of January and February, 1860, the
affairs of the City Savings-bank, as Mr, Jonah
Andrew then styled his establishment, were dis-
cussed at some length in the columns of the Guardian.
No fewer than 16 letters from various correspondents
were published, nearly all of which expressed sus-
picion that the bank was not what it professed to
be, and some contained details of usurious practices
perfectly astounding. The discussion was com-
menced by a correspondent who objected to the title
"savings"-bank, as calculated, to mislead the
public, by conveying the idea that deposits in it were
placed for security in the hands of Government. Mr.
Jonah Andrew, the manager, in a flippant letter,
contended that the title was general, and might be
justly assumed by any hank intended to receive sav-
ings. A second correspondent quoted from the pro-
spectus of the bank the statement that it offered
interest at 5 per cent., and remarked upon the
fact that no names of directors and treasurers of the
bank bad been published. Andrew subsequently
wrote " that the deposits of the City Savings-bank
are invested under the direction of upwards of 70
gentlemen of Manchester and district, whose names
I am not at liberty to publish in a newspaper." The
names never were published ; and in the bank re-
turns which are advertised annually, according to
Act of Parliament, of this bank, the following state-
ment is made :—" Name of firm, Jonah Andrew ;
person of whom the company consists,lonah Andrew,
Mtdlock Vale, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire,
banker ; name of place where the business is carried
on, Manchester, Lancashire." The names of the
modest 70 who knew how to invest money so as to
promise investors 5 per cent. interest were not an
absolute secret, for " Septimus" wrote to the Guar-
dian, from Staleybridge, that " the leading men in
connection with these classes [the loan classes ad-
joined to the bank] are almost all of them leaders
of a popular religious denomination." The Guardian
states that at the time it exposed several instances
of the bank's usurious dealing by the intervention
of these classes, and it now adds another saying
that these details are only types of hundreds of si-
milar cases. " A young man wished to borrow
£25. He received from Andrew £lO 3s. 6d., and
made himself responsible for £25, the remainder
above what he received being swallowed up by the
alleged cost of a policy of insurance and other ex-
penses. In the repayment of this loan of £lO 3s. 6d.
and interest, Andrew received, in little more than
two years, £2B ; and he had demanded £4l, but
consented to forego the additional £l3 rather than
the case should come before one of the law courts,
as the borrower's surety had put the matter in the
hands of a solicitor. In another case, upon a loan
of £2O, £l7 was repaid, when the borrower's surety
was served with a writ for £36 for unpaid balance
and interest. The third case was narrated by the
employer of a young man who wished to borrow
£lOO. He received from Andrew, at various times,
£45; his sureties repaid £B2 143., and then learnt
that there was still upwards of £4O owing. The

case which has most recently come to our
knowledge is one in which a nominal loan of
£lO was effected, for which £7 15s. was received.
The borrower repaid £8 by instalments, and was
then informed that the debt still owing was £l5.
We have no doubt, we repeat, that when all the
affairs of this so-called bank are disclosed many
similar instances of usurious dealing will be re-
vealed." A curious incident is related of the ap-
prehension of Andrew. When in the cab on his
way to the station, he handed his brother, who was
allowed to accompany him, a gold watch, and the
brother was cautioned by the police not to part with
it. The only articles foand on him when searched
at the station were a shilling and a " Life of Jesus,"
and he begged that the latter might not be taken
from him, as it was his only comfort.

71IE 7 URKISH GOVERNMENT AND 7HE
CULT URE OF COTTON.

The following papers have been forwarded to us for pub-
lication :

" To His Excellency Musurus Bey, Ambassador to his
Imperial majesty the Sultan.

" Monsieur l'Ambassadeur,—His Imperial Majesty the
Sultan, our august master, desirous to favour the culture of
cotton in his empire, and to restore to it that importance
which it formerly possessed, has issued, with this view,
several ordinances, of which you will find subjoined a printed
recapitulation, and for the execution of which I now claim
your enlightened concurrence.
"I do not doubt, Monsieur I'Ambassadeur, that you will
appreciate, without the necessity of my developing them at
length, the happy consequences that may arise from the
measures in question, if they are applied with the required
zeal and intelligence.

" The substitution of a fixed impost per denum for the
dime is destined, for example, to cause to disappear one of
the greatest obstacles hitherto encountered in the propa-
gation of good species of cotton plants. In effect the fruits
of the cotton plant do not all ripen at the same epoch.
It is desirable that every day, during a period more or
less prolonged, attentive to the progress of the vegetation,
the grower should withdraw the cotton from the capsules
which contain it as they naturally open. If he is obliged to
gather the capsules before their complete maturity he finds
it very troublesome to extract the cotton from them after-
wards. If he should, on the contrary, defer gathering them,
the cotton will fall to the ground and be deteriorated ; but
the receiver of the dime, on the other hand, cannot abstain
from the exercise of his right to suit the convenience of the
cultivators without compromising his interests ; for either
ho must abandon to the contributor the care of performing
his part in gathering the harvest, which will expose it to be
frustrated, or he will be forced to have, so to speak, a dwel-
ling in every field, which would occasion him considerable
expense, The substitution of an impost per denum instead
of the dime will be the only remedy for these grave incon-
veniences. Unfortunately this desirable substitution is not
to be made everywhere, because there are still many pro •
vinces where the dimes are farmed ; but it will be applied
from this year in the province of Adana as well as in a part
of that of Aidin, and in the meanwhile it can be extended
to the other portions of the empire, and a severe watch
will be kept in order to ameliorate as much as possible the
disagreeable effects arising from the continuance of the
dime there.
" The exemption from all imposts during five years
upon uncultivated lands which may be devoted to cotton
culture cannot fail to bring about an extension of that cul •
ture, for their exist in Turkey vast spaces which are per-
fectly applicable thereto, and which, in order to furnish
their contingent to the general production need only arms
and capital. The Imperial Government will receive with
eagerness demands for concessions of lands which may be
addressed to it by serious undertakers conformably to the
laws of the empire.

" In limiting to the duty formerly received that which
cotton gathered in future will bear on exportation the Go-
vernment offers for the production of cotton of superior
quality, a premium of encouragement which will be, with-
out doubt, the more appreciated by the cultivators, as the
price of cotton varies according to quality in a very great
proportion.
" The improvement of the roads is one of those measures
the immense utility of which needs no discussion. The
Imperial Government has been occupied for a long time
with this subject, and it has recently granted a law for
the impressment of local manual labour which will render
the realisation thereof possible without bearing on the
public treasury.
" Article 3, which exempts from all entrance duty in-
struments an machines required for the culture of cotton,
will, without doubt, as a consequence bring into Turkey
perfect instruments and machines, the want of which may
be placed among the number of the causes which prevented
up to the present time agriculture in general from progress-
ing.

" Competition in the products of industry has borne ex-
cellent fruit in all countries where it has been tried, and
there is reason to hope that it will be the same in Turkey.
" In fine, by giving to the country instruments and ma-
chines which will save as models to it, and by d;stributing
gratuitously choice seeds and the practical instructions
necessary for the successful cultivation, the Imperial Go-
vernment proposes not only to indicate, but also to open,
at its own expense, the path of progress on which it would
desire cultivators to enter.

4, You see, Monsieur I'Ambassadeur, how much the
measures on which I have just dwelt may be productive o
happy results. I believe it is important, above all, to give
them the greatest possible publicity, and I consequently
pray you to communicate them to the journals, to asso-
- and to eminent persons interested in England, tbre,
country where there is the greatest consumption of cotto
of anywhere in the world. your-
" Your excellency will have afterwards to
pCOu
ai Govern-
self with the means of facilitating to the ro
I Ppeorised on it by
went the execution of the engsg-
raeuttsherwefore to inquire
At tick 3. It will be necessary for Ylug_l. What instru-
of the most competent persona concerti