The Sun.
London, England, 1865-07-10 00:00:00

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The following despatch has been sent by Earl
Russell to Sir F. Bruce : '

Foreign Office, July 6.
Sir,—l have received and laid before the Queen
your despatch of the 19th of June, with a copy of
Mr. Seward's note on the subject of the cessation
of belligerent rights.
her Majesty's Government are sorry to find that
the reservations and explanations which accompanied
the order of the 2nd of June are deemed unaccept-
able by the Government of the United States.
Her Majesty's Government did not expect, indeed,
that the United States, after the course they have
hitherto taken, would now acknowledge that the
original concession of belligerent rights was either
necessary or just, or sanctioned by the law of
nations.

Her Majesty's Government, however, having, in
common with all the maritime powers of Europe,
acknowledged the belligerent rights of blockade on
the part of the United States, and having recognised
the existence of a belligerent against whom that
right was exercised in conformity, as they are con-
vinced, with the law of nations and the practice of
centuries, could not be expected on their part to
shrink from the consequences of the course they had
deliberately adopted. Her Majesty's Government,
therefore, considered that a due regard for national
faith and honour required that any Confederate
vessel of war called upon to depart from her
Majesty's ports, harbours, or waters should have
the benefit of the 24 hours' rule. But you will ob-
serve to Mr. Seward that this rule is then to be
enforced for the last time.

Consequently no Confederatevessel of war taking
advantage of this rule could ever again have the
benefit of it.

Her Majesty's Government have, in a like spirit,
allowed that vessels lying in her Majesty's harbours
or waters, or which, during the space of a month,
shall come into these harbours or waters, shall be
permitted to disarm and assume a peaceful charac-
ter. Otherwise vessels at sea, ignorant of the ter-
mination of the war, might be driven without coals
or sails to perish on the neighbouring rocks, or to
founder at sea. Such inhospitality would not be-
come the character of the nation for good faith and
honour, or for humanity.
But you will observe that her Majesty's Govern-
ment have instructed their authorities in distant
ports distinctly to apprise the commander of any
such Confederate vessel that he is to expect no
further protection from her Majesty's Government,
except such as he may be entitled in the ordinary
course of the administration of the law in time of
peace. The 24 hours' rule will not be applicable to
such case.

The Government of the United States will, there-
fore, be entitled to maintain that such vessels are
forfeited, and ought to be delivered to the United
States upon reasonable application in such cases
made. Only such application must be made good
in a British court of law it the vessel is found in
British waters.

In the case of a vessel captured at sea by a naval
force of the United States, under whatever flag, the
claim ought to be made good in a court of law of
the United States.

Her Majesty's Government will further illustrate
their views on this head by the enclosures to this
despatch.

Part of these enclosures consist of despatches to
and from Paris. Her Majesty's Government never
can admit that, in presence of a great war which
interrupted and destroyed a friendly and useful
commerce extending along 3,000 miles of the
American coast—a war reducing great numbers of
industrious families of both nations to poverty, and
afflicting a whole continent—the Governments of
England and France should not, as far as possible,
act iri concert, in pursuance not of any formal en-
gagement, but a mutual understanding.
Her Majesty's Government, however, are gratified
to find that the United States no longer claim the
belligerent right to search British vessels, and that
the normal relations of the two countries are practi-
cally returned to the condition in which they stood
before the civil war.

Her Majesty's Government trust that these ex-
planations, founded upon views which her Majesty's
Government have maintained in a spirit of just
neutrality, will prove to be favourable to the estab-
lishment of a lasting and intimate friendship be-
tween the two nations.—l am, &c.
(Signed)

RUSSELL.

The Services of Admiral Fitzroy.

We are glad to learn that attention is being called
to the claims which the family of the late Admiral
Fitzroy have to assistance from Government. Their
case is a very strong one. Since 1825 three expedi-
tions, each lasting five years, have been sent to
survey the coast of South America. The second of
these, under the command of Admiral Fitzroy, was
most successful and important. It opened up the
route now usually taken through the straight of
Magellan, by which the dangerous navigation of
Cape Horn is avoided, and it led to observations
and discoveries which have made an epoch in the
recent history of science. Those well qualified to
pronounce an opinion say it may be compared to
its advantage with any five years' survey in the re-
cords of the Admiralty ; yet the expenses to which
the country was put by it was small. The first ex-
pedition to which we have referred to cost £lOO,OOO,
the last expedition £75,000, and that of Admiral
Fitzroy only £40,000. He thus effected a saving
to Government of from £35,000 to £60,000. This,
however, he did in a great measure at his own cost,
as many necessary expenses incurred on his per-
sonal responsibility were disallowed at the Admi-
ralty. In obtaining proper surveying instruments,
all absolutely necessary for the proper discharge of
the work he had to perform, he spent £3,000. Hav-
ing no tender or small boat allowed him, similar to
those furnished to the other two expeditions, he was
obliged to hire two:small decked boats, of from 7 to
11 tons, to execute the survey in small bays which
his vessel, the Beagle, could not enter. Their hire
cost him £l,lOO. Before receiving from the Admi-
ralty any intimation of disapproval of the hire of
these vessels, he purchased a schooner astender to the
Beagle. He hadher fitted up, and the cost of doing so,
and the hire of the crew who manned her for a year,
amounted to about £2,000. His whole expenditure,
then, beyond the sum allowed at the Admiralty
amounted to £6,100, for which he was never com-
pensated in any way. He had to borrow money to
discharge the liabilities he had incurred, and his
losses involved him in difficulties which embarrassed
him through life. Admiral Fitzroy rendered other
valuable services to the country. The latest and the
most important of these were of course his labours
in the Meteorological Department of the Board of
Trade. It is only necessary to allude to " Fitrroy's
drum" to recall the advantages which have resulted
from the extension round our shores of the means
devised by him of forecasting the weather. The
work was not accomplished without immenselabour ;
and indeed it was to the over exertion of body and
mind which it involved that we must attribute the
premature loss of this distinguished officer. He re-
mained at his post long after he should have aban-
doned it. But the value of his discoveries had been
doubted, and he feared that the work he was so
much interested in would suffer through the diffi-
culty of finding any one compel ent to discharge his
varied duties. Admiral Fitzroy died poor. His
assets amounted to £3,400, his debts to about
; and he has left a large familyonany, of
whom are unprovided for. A Letter claim than they
have to assistance from Government it would be
difficult to imagine. We therefore trust that their
case will meet with the consideration due to the
memory of au officer who upheld the high reputation
of our navy by his scientific discoveries, by the zeal
and efficiency with which he discharged the difficult
duties intrusted to him, and by the ability and
energy he displayed in establishing a system of
meteorological observations which has already been
the means of an incalculable saving of life and pro-
perty in all parts of the world.—Times.