The Sun.
London, England, 1853-05-23 00:00:00

No. 18,926.]

This Day, Second Edition, Byo., Is.,
SURVEY of the SYSTEM of NATIONAL
EDUCATION in IRELAND.
By CHARLES BUXTON, Esq.,
Author of the " Life of Sir Fowell Buxton."
John Murray, Albemarle-street.

- Nov ready-, price 2d., post-free, 4€1.,
r E CRITIC CRITICISED.
RE SIMMS on the CASE,
EPSILON versus CARPENTER,
Relating to the USE of ALT.SOPP'S PALE ALE In INDIGESTION.
By HARRINGTON PARKER.
London, 5%, Pall-Mall. 1853.

•
ESSRS. BLACKWOOD and SONS'
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MEDICAL ADVICE ON THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF
YOUTH AND MATURITY.

DR. SAMUEL LA'MERT, 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON,
Doctor of Medicine, and Matriculated Member of the University of
Edinburgh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medic
Society, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c., &c.
ISVEAY be consulted, personally, or by letter, on
the various disorders of the nervous and generative system,
resulting from Juvenile irregularities and excesses, which have pro-
luced more misery in youth, degradation in manhood, and prema-
ture-decay At all staurea.a.lifv., than perhaps, any other class of dis-
eases known to modern pathOlogists. Long and practiCal experience
in the treatment of these diseases has proved that there are in exist-
ence secret causes of self-acquired miseries and disappointed hopes in
existence, traceable to certain pernicious habits, to which Nervous
Debility, various mrms of Insanity, Unhappy and Unfruitful Marri-
ages, Impotency, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and their
endless modifications owe their almost entire origin.
It is absolutely necessary that all men should know that there are
principles of personal mannement which cannot be violated without
incurring grievous penalties, and when wisdom and regret succeed
the heyday of inconsiderate self-indulgence, how these penalties
may be mitigated, how the sting of their bitterness may be removed,
and how the evil and its con4equences may be avoided, and above all,
that there is scarcely any de‘ree of physical infirmity or functional
derangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure.
DOCTOR LA'MERT has for a long series of years been engaged
in an extensive practice in the treatment of these delicate com-
plaints, and s the only legally qualified Physician who, regardless
of the taunts and envy of the hypocritical and mock-modest, has had
the confidence, through the medium of the public press, to direct
attention to these enormous evils, from which no grade of society is
tree. In selecting thi,. department of practice, he has been amply
rewarded by the great success that has attended his efforts in the
treatment of these cases, which are too generally confided to the
care of unqualified and ignorant empirics, who, with their pirated
publications, assumed foreign names and titles, and pretended virtues
of their patent nostrums, have inflicted serious injury on those who
have been induced to place faith in their pretensions.
At home for consultation daily from Eleven till Two, and from
Six till Eight. All letters must contain the fee of 11., and advice and
medicines can be forwarded to any initials or address.
It is desirable that patients wishing to consult Dr. LAWMEN
should first obtain a copy of his work on
SELF-PRESERVATION.
A Medical Treatise on the Philosophy of Marriage, and Nervous and
Generative Debility, illustrated by fifty coloured engravings, and des-
cribing in detail the various disorders resulting from secret habits and
excesses. The perusal of this treatise will assist in the correct
description of their cases, and may be had, price 2s 6d, in English,
French, Spanish, Dutch, Italian, or German, of Messrs. Piper
Brothers and Co., 23, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ;
Mann, 39, Cornhill ; Storie, Titchborne-street, Haymarket; or free
by post for forty-two stamps, to any address from the Author's resi-
dence, 37, BEDFOID-SQTJAAE. LONDON.

TAR. CULVERWELL'S NEW WORKS.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row , Carvalho,
47, Fleet-street, Mann, 39, Condit% Price One Shilling each; by
is 6d.
ENJOYMENT OF LIFE.
"Health, Recreation, and Rational Use of Time."
CONTENTS : —Early Rising—Spring and Summer Mornings—Ex-
cursions about the Environs of London—The Parks, Lanes, Hills
Forests, Fields, Iligh-roads, and other pleasant places- Country
Trips and Rambles—The Sea -London at Night—Evenings at Home
Music—The Drama—On Eating, Drinking, Sleeping, Bathing, Air,
Rest, Ease, Occupation, &c.,
II
FRAGAIENTS FROM THE FOUNTAINS. Two Vols.
Vol. I.
VISIT 30 THE LAKES ; SKETCH OF EDINBURGH, ace.
Vol.II.

TJE LAKES OF KILLARNEY; REMINISCENCES OF
DUBLIN, Sr.c.

~y~

LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, MAY 23, 1853.

LAURENT'S CASINO, ARGYLL ROOMS.-
Lessee, CHARLES E. LAURENT, Onslow-house, Fulham-
road. Open Every Evening. The Orchestra will perform, during
the week, "The Thistle," " ShamrOck," " Rose," "Amina" "Gran-
ville," "Loch Vogel," and "Windsor Castle" Waltzes; the "Napo-
leon" Galop; "Le •Cirque" Quadrille; "The Gold Hawk" and
" Juno" Polkas.— Admission, Is. Doors open at Half-past Eight ;
Dancing to commence at Nine o'clock, and terminate at Half-past
Eleven.

WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID,
"That three score years and ten our course may run."
A-popular review of almost every form (cause and cure) of ner-
vously-debilitated health and enfeebled constitution that harasses
the young, besets the man of pleasure, business or study, and em-
bitters old age ; with tables and rulesfor the diet and physical regu-
lation 01 every-day life.

Iv.
THE PASSIONS.
What passions hurt the body—what Improve,
Truths as refined as Athens ever heard."

SUBJECT Ws pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The ad-
vent of the passions. Chastity and its Infringement. The casualties
oflicentiousness and dissipation, with Illustraticns, graphic, narra-
tive, and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages.
V.

TILE MARRIAGE STATE.

To be or not to be, thatis the question."

EPSOM RACES and ICED CHAMPAGNE.
Parties visiting the Races can be supplied with all kinds of
diet, esliments, viz., Hams, Tongues, Raised Pies, Salads, &c., and
use of China, Glass, Cutlery, and Linen, packed in convenient
hampers, made tor the occasion. Wines, Soda Water. &c., packed
in Ice.
Messrs. FURSSELL, Cornhill, near the Exchange (only).

ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE.—I refer the learned
to Baron Liebig, the temperate to Dr. Carpenter, invalids to
the medical profession, and the robu.t to the best clui•is of London
for the merits of my stock of ALLSOPP'S ALE. The "Thirsty
soul " and " Constant Reader " of the " Times" I can also satfsfy
with my Imperial Measure.
Bottles (quarts) ..........•• .......... as. per dozen.
Do. (pints) • • •• • • ss. „
Kaderkins (IS galions).. • • .. • • ........ 30s.
HARRINGTON PARKER,
Beer-Merchant, sf, Pall-mall.

schikoff, on behalf of the Sultan, was a positive re-
fusal to acquiesce in the demands of -Russia.
To the extraordinary nature of these demands
we have already more than once adverted, but
it is of some importance that they should be par-
ticularly and thoroughly understood: Russia,
then, demanded of the Sultan the Protectorate
of the Greek Cluistians in Turkey, and that the
Russo-Greek Church should have accorded to it,
specifically and by solemn treaty, all right and
privileges which it had ever claimed. Now, one of
,the main objects of the latter portion of this
stipulation was to define and enlarge, to a most
dangerous extent, a privilege which was granted
to Russia, though in terms somewhat vague, by
the Treaty of Kainardji, at the close of the
last century, and later again, as vaguely confirmed
by the treaty of Adrianople. This, privilege con-
sisted in a permission to the Russian Embassy to
interfere on behalf of a certain Greek chapel or
church—which was allowed by the treaty of Kai-
nardji to be erected in Constantinople—in the
event of its priests or congregation being ill-treated
by the Turks. This principle Prince Menschikoff
sought to magnify into a Protectorate of the eleven
million Greek subjects of the Sublime Porte—en-
deavouring to extend a permission to interfere on
behalf of one chapel into a right of Protectorate of
the whole Church, and to establish over it a juris-
diction concurrent with that of the Sultan. Such
a cession of power would in effect be more serious
to the Ottoman Empire than the abandonment of
a third of its territory. How, then; could the
Powers, signataries of 'the treaty of 1841,"which
guaranteed the independence and'-'integrity= of -
Turkey, permit so gross a violation of its letter and
spirit ? And it may well be asked how could one
of those powers so far forget the obligations of
honomond international good faith as to seek sud-
denly and by deceit to overthrow the provisions of
a compact to which she was solemnly pledged ?
The next point of importance in the demands of
Prince Menschikoff was the immovability of the
Greek Patriarch at Constantinople unless guilty of
proved high treason or gross misconduct, and
then only upon the consent of the Czar. This
stipulation would clearly remove the allegiance
of the Patriarch from the Sultan -to the Em-
peror of Russia, who would hold over him a
power superior to that of the Turk. Hitherto, the
Patriarch had always been removable at the will of
the Sultan ; and a case occurred not long-ago in
which this power was exercised, and we ourselves
were the occasion of it. It was at the time of Lord
Ponsonby's embassy at Constantinople that the
Greek Patriarch was active in fomenting disaffec-
tion to the British rule in the lonian Islands. In
consequence of this, on the complaint of Lord Pon-
sonby, the Patriarch was removed. It does not
require a very acute perception at once to see, that
according to the proposal of Prince Menschikoff,
the Patriarch would exist only as a tool of Russia.
He would become an instrument of mischief in her
hands, and would excite the rebellion against the
Turk of his most valuable and industrious subjects.
If, in such a case, the Sultan were to attempt his
removal, the Czar would step in and say, "No ;
this good man is slandered by evil report, and I
have the right, by treaty, to forbid your dismissing
him upon grounds which I consider insufficient."
On the face of this, such rights as we have described
would effect the complete overthrow of the Otto-
man Empire, and the aggrandisement of Russia, at
its expense, to the destruction of the balance of
power, and the serious detriment of the other great
States.
It is deeply to be regretted that such an attempt
should have been made ; and while we rejoice at
its futility, we cannot but deplore the gross breach
of good faith by which Russia endeavoured to
effect her purpose. It is a deep stain upon the
honour of the Czar that, after giving in London
and Paris the most positive assurances that Prince
Menschikoff's mission related to nothing but the
question of the Holy Places, and that his large ar-
maments had no purpose and had been greatly ex-
aggerated ; that after this he should suddenly
attempt by menaces, unknown in England and
France, to extort from Turkey a treaty which, as
we have shown, involved the violation of the most
solemn international engagements.
Fortunately, Lord Stratford de Redcliffe and
M. de Lacour have acted in firm and successful
conjunction. They have assured the Sultan of the
steady support of Englana and Rance in hid re-
fusal of the Russian ultimatum. What will result
from this ? War ? No. There is no danger that
the Russian will march his Cossacks into Moldavia,
or sail his fleet for Constantinople. He cannot
face the joint opposition of France and England,
Austria and Prussia. He will simply retire, as he
always has done, when headed in his venturous at-
tempts—like the Scotchman who had climbed half
way over his neighbour's garden wall for the pur-
pose of stealing his fruit, and who, when asked by
the neighbour—" Where are ye gaun to, Sandie ?"
replied—" Back again 1" Even so, Prince Men-
schikoff will have to go "back again," having reaped
nothing but discomfiture and disgrace.
The question of the Holy Places, as we have
stated on a previous occasion, was conclusively
settled in April to the satisfaction of Russia, and
this settlement was mainly owing to the liberality
and right feeling of France.
The appointment of Redschid Pacha as Vizier
may be held as indicative of a purpose on the part
of the Sultan to pursue a liberal and English line
of policy; and the united action of the English
and French Ambassadors at Constantinople may be
vegarded as a guarantee of the safety and integrity
of the Turkish Empire, so valuable to our com-
merce, and so necessary to our Rasters interests.
Of disturbance there is no danger, for where Eng-
land and France are united in opposition to any
other power they invariably prevail. Besides,
' Russia would have no excuse for armed aggression
' save the barbarous and thievish reason—" You
have what I want." Under these circumstances,
we are happy to congratulate the public upon a
' danger dissipated and a trick exposed.

MANNING' THE NAVY.
(From the Daily News.)
The controversy about procuring seamen for the
Royal Navy is practically reduced to one point—to
" provide against the emergency" of France being
able by " the admirable organisation of its whole
maritime population" to man and send " its entire
fleet to .sea in a short space of time." That danger
once past, there is not the slightest doubt " that the
resources and patriotism of the country would do
the rest." To provide against such an emergency
our official men—our great First Lords of the Ad-
miralty, such as the Duke of Northumberland—with
their subordinate admirals, secretaries, and cap-
tains—could for ages find no better expedient than
impressment ; and as the temper of the times,
which has abolished the minor outrage of the slave
trade, positively forbids the authorities ever again
having recourse to this expedient, they are on the
look out for a substitute, and fancy that entering
seamen for ten years may serve the purpose. When
slavery was abolished apprenticeship was at first
substituted for the slave trade ; the planters then
proposed an importation of negroes, and that not
being readily assented to, they had recourse to Coolies
and Chinese. Their whole system was based on the
slave trade and slavery ; they could not, according
to their customs, exist without slaves, and continue
to this day to crave for a large importation of la-
bourers. So the minds of our naval officials, and our
naval system having been modelled on the one idea
of providing by impressment against the emergency
of a sudden attack by a well-organisea despotic power,
it is supposed that the nation will not be safe unless
a substitute be found for that intolerable wrong. The
argument, based wholly on fear, is an eulogy on des-
potism. The first duty of a Government is to provide
for the national defence, and, regardless of our liber-
ties, we should, if adopting this principle, imitate
the despotic State, and subject our whole maritime
population to a conscription for our fleet, and the
rest of the population to a conscription for the
army. For the usual purposes of administration
a centralised despotic Government is more effica-
cious than popular representation, and the eulogy
justifies the readiness only too apparent amongst
our statesmen to sacrifice whenever they can the
public liberties to an efficient government. But
as national greatness is born more of public spirit
than of efficiency of administration, there is prima
facie ground for supposing that preparations may
be made for the emergency contemplated without
borrowing a method from despotism.
It is lamentable to perceive that notwithstanding
the immense sums lavished on the Navy, it is with
the multitude not a popular service. Several in-
stances have recently occurred, says one of our
contemporaries, of first-class vessels detained for
months for their complement of men ; and the
5,000 additional seamen voted last December have
not yet been entirely raised. " So severe," says
another, " is the competition which the Royal
Navy has at present to encounter, owing to the
activity which prevails in all branches of our Mer-
cantile Marine, that it would be unwise to form ex-
travagant expectations of the benefits to be expected
from the changes which we have described."
After all the care that has been taken to provide
better accommodation for .the seamen, to improve

PROGRAMME :—Laws and obligations of nature, society, and reli-
gion regarding marriage, to be observed by either sex. Time and
choice, on both sides. as to age temperament, complexion, and
figure, to secure healthy offspring, with the art of rearing them.
Physical defectiveness and its removal. Sterility and its conversion.
Cases, /cc.
By R.J. CULVER WF.LL, M.D. (1841), M.R.C.S. (1827), L.S.A.
24), Twenty-flye years Medical and Forensic Referee in there
matters.

Price Is. each; by post, Is. 6d.
To be had of Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147,
reet-street ; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or of M. R. Culverwell,
10, Argyll-place, Rnrent•street. who may be consulted daily from
Ten till Five and Seven 1111

IMPORTANT MEDICAL AND SURGICAL WORKS,
Just publiihed, by H. Bailliercs, 219, Regent-street, London
No I.
vo., •in cloth, price ss. by post tree, ss. 6d.,

ON TRUE (1* FALSE, SPERMATORRHCEA,
with the View to the Correction of wide-spread Errors
in relation to the Troattneut and Cure of Sufferers from Debility of the
Generative System, 1r Sexual HypochOndriagia.
Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD

Picitford is known to English readers by his frequent practi-
all contributions to German medical literature. This is the• firit
time, he informs as, that ho has addressed himself to the nos-medi-
cal reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall
detect any other equally flagrant evil which it may be in his
avower to correct."--London Medical Gazette, May 30, 1851.
"We promised in a former number that we should recur to this
work, in order to exiiibit its aim more clearly. The author lashes
with great severity the impostors who make a livelihood by preying
on the credulity of tic public. The tribe of • Quiet Sytnathisers,'
and • Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed ; and if this book
could find its way into lie hands of those who sailer from tit com-
plaint of which it Ire .15, we are satisfied that many h mdreds would
tie saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is of
less importance, theut'h It is that which the quacks most prize—
much money --This volume is well qualified to put an end to the
empirical system of treating Seermatorrhcea, and to place the treat-
ment upon a more rational and physiological basis. It is, therefore,
‘lkely to do much good."—Meilleal Circular, June 16, 1852.
No. 11.
sva...n oth , price 35. 64., by post free, 45.,
THE CURE OF STRICTURE ON THE URETHRA, on Princi-
pies at once Simile, ititte, and Efficient, in even its most Inveterate
'and apparently Intractable Forms.
BY F. B. COURTENAY,
Member of the Royal College of gurgeons of England.
"In proot of his views he (Mr. Conrtenay) haa given
history of a great many cases successfully treated, as bad
any which Mr. Syinc adduced, and on which he had operated.
~ueh are cases ix., xi., xil., and xviii. No. ix. had yes sted, for a
period of twelve yeas. the treatment by titillation, and was finally
removed in as many weeks. But cases xviii. and xix. appear, both
In duration, severity, .inti complication of symptoms, of a more ag-
gravated character ti,an any detailed by Mr. Synin. and yet the
treatment adopted by Mr, Courtenay proved eminently successful."
—Professor Lizars on the Treatment of Stricture.

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their diet, to preserve their health, to establish
gradations of merit, and give them rewards and
pensions, the Royal Navy remains a decidedly un-
popular service. The Mercantile Marine never
wants seamen ; and our people, having a natural
affection for the sea, half man the ships of America
as well as our own ships. There is no other busi-
ness of life;—not even that of the wretched agricul-
tural labourer—which cannot at all times procure
an abundance of men. There are always numerous
candidates for the most noisome and most danger-
ous occupations, but not for the cleanly, safe, and
almost idle life of a man-of-war sailor. For situa-
tions as officers in her Majesty's ships there is no
want of candidates. The posts are eagerly sought
after by scions of the aristocracy. There is some-
thing, therefore, peculiar to the Royal Navy which
makes it distasteful, or even odious td the bulk of
our population. What is it ?
We have given it a bad name. We have com-
muted. the punishment of crimes for service in the
Navy. We have practically, by carrying off men
to serve, as they were carried into slavery, stigma-
tised it as something horrible, and by such means
have made a profound impression in the minds of
the bulk of the people that the Navy is a kind of
Pandemonium, or almost as bad as negro slavery.
Where its true character is known, amongst the
children and relations of men-of war seamen, as at
Plymouth and Portsmouth, and their neighbour-
hoods, the impression is removed, but it is not
effaced in distant places ; and these naval seaports
supply fifteen times as many seamen for her Ma-
jesty's ships as the much more maritime And popu-
long- neighbourhoods of Liverpool and Bristol.
Our first and chief business, in order to procure
seamen for her Majesty's service—without imitating
the despotism which our contemporaries, even
while they abuse it, eulogise—is to make that ser-
vice extremely popular. Do this, and you would
have the same men enter again and acrain under good
captains, and a choice of the very best seamen in
the world would be obtained for our English fleets.
In all the business of civil life the engagements
are for short periods, and generally terminable by
a notice on either side. To build and prepare ships
in an emergency, shipwrights, sailmakers, caulkers,
&c., are as necessary as seamen. Many of these
are brought up as apprentices in the royal dock-
yards at quite as great an expense as boys are
brought up for seamen on board ship ; but it never
entered the head of any alarmist admiral or
captain to bind these men to serve for ten years,
lest they might be wanted on such an emergency.
They can retire from the service when they like,
but they rarely do, and generally serve till super-
annuated. It is in a great measure optional, too,
with all the officers of the navy, to quit the ser-
vice, except when actually in face of an enemy.
They must not, indeed, desert ; but there is
never any difficulty in accepting a resignation ;
and, from a midshipman to an admiral, if they
choose to give up expected promotion or half-pay,
they can always make themselves free. A resigna-
tion is, however, a rare occurrence; and, though
the officers are not bound to serve for ten years—
though on an emergency they are as much required
as the seamen—no person ever dreams that naval
officers will be scarce. In the merchant service,
men enter by the month or by the voyage—at the
end of the month or voyage they are again free to
make or to seek a new engagement ; and there
never is for a long period, however rapidly
the mercantile navy may increase, any want of
seamen. In the royal navy it is different. The
men enter for a term of five years. Till the end of
that time they cannot quit the service. To leave it
is to desert, and to expose themselves to very severe
penalties. In this respect, then, they differ from
every other class of men except: soldiers—whose
ranks, too, are not so readily filled as those
of !other classes—they differ from merchant sea-
men—they differ from naval officers—and is this
difference lies the cause of much of the unpopu-
larity of the navy. The stipulation to serve for a
lengthened period continues, in fact, the bad name
long ago given to the navy. _ _

At the-same time it does not follow if there were
no such stipulation that the seamen would change
their ships or their occupation once a month.
That does not take place in the merchant service,
nor in any other service. It is not an easy thing
in our settled community always to find an em-
ployment, or to change a pursuit. Once enter a
dockyard, or become a naval officer, and a man is
generally fixed for life. It may be laid down as a
rule that the more open and free is a service the
more. acceptable will it be, and the more certain
to be occupied. All the cotton-spinners, all the
bricklayers, carpenters, printers, and workmen
can quit their employments at a week's or a
month's notice ; and because they can quit, 'they
rarely do. If there were any one of these em-
ployments in which men could only get work by
engaging for ten years—if all its higher ranks were
reserved for a caste, being made a kind of preserve
for an aristocracy—if the highest position they could
attain in it' was that of a foreman or leader, with a
salary of 1201. a year—if they never could rise to
be masters, whatever might be their merits,—that
employment would be at a discount. Gentle-
men in the City are now extremely eager to
procure' a seat in the Common Council by the
suffrages of their fellow-citizens, and though an-
nually elected, are generally re-elected as long as
they please to hold the office ; but if at the first
election they were bound to serve ten years, and
could never be Lord Mayor, nor Governor of the
Bank, nor Chairman of Railway Board, a seat at
the Common Council would be as unpopular with
the citizens as her Majesty's naval service is with
the maritime population. We doubt if any man
would pledge himself to be a member of the House
of Commons for seven years if he could not possi-
bly leave it, and must never aspire to be either a
Chairman of Committees or a Minister. The long
and the fixed period of service is the chief source
of the unpopularity of the navy, and that will be
much aggravated by the proposition to lengthen
the period, and to require all boys to remain ten
years in the service after they have reached their
eighteenth year. If it be alleged that in the late
war men remained in the navy for a longer period,
it must be answered that almost every month then
brought a hope of peace and an expectation of the
termination of the servitude. The proposed plan,
instead of providing us with seamen on an emer-
gency, will have the reverse effect. It is an at-
tempt to rectify what naval officers regard as one
of the evils of liberty, by tempting.men to engage
in constrained servitude.

Our policy ought to be the very reverse. Men
should be entered for the navy for six months for
home service, for twelve months for foreign ser-
vice, or for two or three years. The consequence
would be a greater amalgamation of the royal and
mercantile services. More mercantile seamen would
enter the navy, and a far larger proportion of men-
of-war seamen would find their way into mer-
chant ships. Now, after being spoiled by five
years' idleness in men-of-war they are not liked,
and are rarely taken into the merchant service.
The knowledge of gunnery practice and the dis-
cipline learnt in the Navy would be spread to a
much greater extent than at present through the
merchant service, and the bold and laborious habits
of the merchant seamen would increase the vigour
and the hardihood of the men in the Queen's ships.
A correct knowledge of that service would then be
swiftly spread through the maritime community—
and with a few precautions which we need not
now enumerate, the Royal Navy would, in case of
any emergency, procure any number of men it
might require. Voluntary service for short periods
is, we admit, incompatible with the enormous
arbitrary power now entrusted to naval captains.
The profession, therefore, scout the idea of enter-
ing men for short periods, and recommend the
Standing Navy system. But when the question
is, whether the safety of the country shall be pro-
vided for on the principle of freedom, or whether
the arbitrary power, dignity and exclusive pri-
vileges of naval officers shall be preserved—the
biassed opinion of officers, though they be as high
in rank as the Duke of Northumberland, or have
as much confidence in mere gunnery as Sir Thomas
Cochrane, is of less value than the opinion of the
lowest swabber in the fleet.

MERCANTILE AND PARTNERSHIP LAW COMMISSION.—
We are enabled to state that the Lord Chancellor has
consented to issue a commission, " to inquire and ascer-
tain how far the mercantile laws in the different parts
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
may be advantageously assimilated, and also whether
any and what alteration and amendments shall be made
in the law of partnership, as regards the question of the
limited and unlimited responsibility of partners." We
believe that this commission is already sealed, and ready
to be issued.—Afining Journal.
THE COAL TRADE.— The collectors and comptrollers
of the Customs at the several ports and places through-
out the United Kingdom have received directions from
the commissioners, to prepare and transmit to the
Inspector-General of Imports and Exports, with all
practicable dispatch, the following account, so far as
the same relates to their respective ports, including the
sub-ports and creeks—viz., an account of the number of
tons of coal, eulm, and cinders, respectively, shipped at
the several ports of Englandjkotland, and Ireland to
other ports in the United Kingdom in the year 1852.

[PRICE SD.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

PORTSMOUTH, MAY 22.
The Fairy Royal yacht, Captain Crispin, embarked
Prince Albert yesterday morning, and brought his Royal
Highness privately to this harbour to witness the results
of the experimental gunnery practice upon the old hulk
York, 74, from the Excellent. The experiments during
the past week have been of a singularly interesting
nature, the chief object being that of ascertaining the
probable effects of the general introduction of shells in
warfare afloat. Some of the results have been as fol-
lows :—Shot fired at shells fixed in their places ready for
action on board the hulk. The shells in two instances
were'broken, and fragments thrown along the decks,
the fuzees not ignited, but the powder exploded by
sparks from the friction of broken east iron. With
hollow shot, results the same ; the shells were split as
before, not burst, no ignition of the fuzee having taken
place. Hollow 10-inch shot were split also in like
Manner. In one instance the powder was scattered, but
not ignited, and several live shells were thrown out of
their boxes uninjured. Some shot, at a short range,
fired a pile of shells, one of which split, causing the ex-
plosion, by friction, of the bursting powder, which,
driving off the fuzee caps of two other shells, fired the
fuzees, and exploded the two ; after the fuzees had pro-
perly burnt their time other shells were thrown to the
right and left, but were uninjured. Shells were also
fired at the hulk, while powder-cases, with the usual two
cartridges, were placed, as if in charge of the boys ; the
cases were thrown about, but the cartridges were not
fired by the explosion. These experiments are to be
continued, and no expense is to be spared to ascertain
Praoticil results of this nature.
The Bt. Jean d'Acre new screw line-of-battle ship, of
100 guns, is ordered to be commissioned at Devonport
by Captain the Hon. Henry Keppel, late of the Mean-
der, Dido, &c., an officer of the most popular character
in the service. Commander Peter Cracroft is also al),
pointed to her ; an officer of much valuable practical
experience in screw propulsion. He last commanded
the Reynard, an experimental screw steam-sloop, in
which he exhibited the most satisfactory results. Cap
taro Cracroft, since he has been on haltpay, has never
lost an opportunity of witnessing any interesting or
important trials of screw-propelled vessels, whether in
the navy or the mercantile marine, and he preferred
serving! as second in a ship where the working of the
screw principle would be so extensively developed as in
the St. Jean d'Acre to having an independent command.
The St. Jean d'Acre is to be manned on the terms pro-
posed by the Committee on Manning the Navy, whose
report has just been published, and every effort will be
made to make the service popular under the new regu•
lations.

The members of the Portsmouth Royal Naval Club
dined together last evening at the Portland Hotel,
Southsea. Rear-Admiral Fanshawe, C. 8., superin-
tendent of this dockyard, presided, and was supported
by Rear-Admiral Wallis, Colonel Stevens, R.M.A.,
Colonel Wearing, R.M., Aide-de-camp to the Queen,
Captains (R.N.) Chads, C. 8., E. H. Scott, Shepherd,
Harrison, Sullivan, O'Callaghan, Pritchard, Lawrence,
R.M. ; Savage, R.M.A. • Commanders Worsfold,
Eaton, Coppin, Massingberd, Flag-Lieutenant Yonge,
and Messrs. Edwards, Vinter, Wreford, Langley, and
Dorien.
The Highflyer, 21, screw-frigate, Captain Moore, left
Spithead on Friday evening for Plymouth.
The London, 90, Captain Charles Eden, and the Sans-
pareil, 70, Captain Dacres, left Spithead at daylight yes-
terday morning for Plymouth, where it was expected
they would find further orders awaiting them.
The Encounter, 14, screw, Captain O'Callaghan,
hauled out of dock after the removal of her broken
boomerang yesterday.
The Pitt, 72, fitted for a coal depot, hauled out of
dock to the fitting basin yesterday.
The Vulcan, 6, steam troop-frigate, Commander Von
Donop, steamed out of the factory basin after repairs
yesterday morning. She is ordered to prepare for further
service.

The Imperieuse, 50, screw, Captain Watson, C. 8.,
was paid advance at Spithead yesterday morning, and is
expected to leave to-morrow on foreign service.
Twenty-one mates, R.N., were promoted to the rank
of lieutenant on the 3d inst., but their names have not
been given out for publication.

FALMOUTH, MAY 20.

An official visit to this port and garrison from the
Board of Ordnance has been paid by the arrival this
morning of the Black Eagle, Government steamer, having
on board Lord Raglan, G.C.8., Master-General, Colonel
Cator, R.A., Director-General of Artillery, Lieutenant-
Colonel Andrews, R.A., and Sir John Burgoyne, K.C.8.,
Inspector-General of Fortifications ; they are also accom-
panied by General Sir H. G. Smith, Bart., G.C.8.,
commanding th 9 western district.

•
it is rumoured that the contemplated erection of
more efficient defences, and additional barracks at Pen-
dennis and St. Mawes Castles (the Dardanelles of the
Fal), as well as the inspection of the detachment of
Royal Artillery, and probably of the regiment of Miners
Artillery Militia (who have been a week on duty), em-
' brace the leading objects of the visitation, from which it
is further presumed that this port is to put in a similar
state of defence to Plymouth and Portsmouth. The
militia force under the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of Sir Col-
man Rashliegh, Bart., aro fast completing their quota,
and are rapidly advancing in their drill under au active
staff, and it is fully expected that his Royal Highness
Prince Albert, who, as 'Warden of the Stannaries, is
their Colonel-in-Chief, will pay a visit to the regiment
before the period of service expires. If the barracks be
rebuilt the militia will hereafter, instead of being billeted
in .the town, be quartered within Pendennis, which in
all respects will be more available to their early profi-
ciency as infantry and artillery by being always at the
point d'appui. •
The Master-General has already commenced his in-
spection, and it has not transpired where he will proceed
from this place, but it is thought to Plymouth.

PLYMOUTH, SATURDAY.

A legal gentleman, acting, it is said, under the autho-
rity of a warrant from the Speaker of the House
of Commons, arrived at the Devonport Dockyard
yesterday, and proceeded to the office of Commo-
dore Superintendent Michael Seymour. His busi-
ness appeared to have reference only to the appoint-
ments mode during the Ministry of the Earl of Derby.
On Friday he examined separately and alone two
sawyers, Smith and Abbott, and a joiner, the last of
whom declined to answer any question. To-day a black-
smitle and two appretices were also interrogated as to
the influence used to obtain their admission into the
Government employ. Mr Stephen Gaselee, serjeant-at-
law, of Chancery-lane, is named as the gentleman per-
forming this duty.
Her Majesty's ships Amphion, Leopard, Vulture,
and Valorous, which left the Sound, under Admiral
Corry, on Tuesday, returned at 8 a.m. on Wednesday.
La Hogue, 60, Captain W. Ramsay, steamed out of
harbour at noon on Thursday, with her top-gallant yards
across. She is gone to cruise in the Channel for ten
days.

wo Government steamers (a ship and a barque) went
down Channel inside the Eddystone at 9 a.m. on Friday.
It is thought they were towing two ships, but the
weather was too hazy to discern them.
The Black Eagle Admiralty yacht, Master-Com-
mander J. E. Petley, which arrived yesterday from
Portsmouth with the Master-General of the Ordnance,
Lord Raglan, and assistants, returned again to-day.
His Lordship is about to inspect the coast defences in
this vicinity.
The Highflyer, 21, Captain J. Moore, arrived to-
day from Portsmouth.
The London, 90, Captain Charles Eden, and the screw
steamship Sanspareil, 81, Captain S. Dacres, which left
Portsmouth yesterday, are hourly expected. After their
arrival Rear-Admiral Corry will take the fleet to sea for
a cruise of five or six weeks. The ships will probably
leave on Sunday or Monday.
The Vulture, G, Captain F. H. Glasse, sailed this
evening under a press of canvas for Lisbon and Malta.
The Star, Commander F. B. Warren, arrived to-day
from Portsmouth, bound for the Brazil station.

The crew of the St. George, 120, Captain Nias, were
paid six months' wages on Tuesday, and the warrant
officers of the ships in ordinary on Thursday.
The steam-ship St. Jean d'Acre having been coppered,
will be taken out of dock on Monday, and will receive
her masts on Thursday. Additional engineers have been
sent by the contractors to expedite the fitment of her
machinery. The work is rapidly progressing.
Off the Start yesterday, the merchant barque Dublin,
Captain White, of and for London, 44 days from Tri-
nidad.

The barque Cleopatra, Captain Robert 31Tachern,
from Demerara, 4th of April, landed here this afternoon
the Rev. James Bickford and the Rev. W. L. Kinks and
families. The Cleopatra is gone on to London with a
full cargo of sugar and rum ; she reports the entrance to
the Channel as crowded with merchant vessels, chiefly

homeward bound.
The ship Epttninoxdas, 1,171 tons, Captain Kerr,
from Adelaide the 21st of January, sent a small mail
ashore here this evening. The is reported to have one
ton 16 cwt. of gold-dust, 300 tons of copper ore, and wool
to complete a full cargo, with which she is proceeding to
London.

Max 22.
Her Majesty's ships London and Sanspareil, from
Portsmouth, arrived here early this morning.
In the Sound—The Queen, 120, Prince Regent, 92,
London, 90, Sanspareil, 71, Edinburgh, 56, gunnery-
ship, Amphion, 34, screw steam-frigate, the Leopard,
Valorous, Magicienne, and Highflyer steam-frigates, and
the Star brig. The whole of these, excepting the Edin-
burgh and Star, bear the flag of Admiral Corry.

SHEERNESS, MAY 22.
In consequence of the new screw steam-fries Ti-
bune having to complete further fitments at Voolwicvh,
the order for the Cyclops, 6, paddle-wheel steam-frigLe,
to proceed from hero to tow her to this port, as reported,
has been countermanded. The Tribune's further fit-
ment at Woolwich is expected to occupy from eight to
ten days. The Cyclops is also under orders to convey
machinery from Woolwich (which is now preparing
there), for Devonport, for the James Watt, 90, sarerw
steam-ship, built at Pembroke-yard.
The Dolphin, 3, brigantine, has been towed down