The Sun.
London, England, 1865-01-20 00:00:00

NU. 22,646

07 1?

...
~•,,,i'st,;,_ i.,."5.A.t.t.---.0, ,-•-- ---.-. ...--- .
..,... • .
-.: .... -.-• ,-.--5 k -•f ''\ 'V
10",' -SV, I- • COT ' lirl ,„ al 1"47-i f
•-•-. ..... 7-: -'--....v, 1-
2 ''-,, ~...! -'- 7- 1L(.441-011/' 6i4Zl—*Xll" j • , :., _,,.. , 1 ~, ..,.
,ti 4 ' - ' , • 16 - '4
\, (460A4M ~....,---- ----
---...,- ' •
•-- - -
v.,. ~,,, ~1 .v.„..., , Op, # •,,, ,
,„ 0 ,v
w
~..., , ca_...,,i Ph 4, 2 ,„,,,,,,t4 di ,Ao, .e,,,,d, "DR01T-
,..:1;t7i," DIE iAI ,v,„_,,,. .08,,w,30, - ..,..41a-- _.

-

//

/~/L

/r

13

PRICE
STAMPED sd.

~.
The Atlantic TelegraflTS'777-7-77::;,\
A P„.
Yesterday the somewhat tedi us, process w"— \7--V4-4
commenced of shipping a portion o 'Sp ?marine cable. -,;t11,2",
which has been made for this '"- 4inclertaking %4',=3''
g_
from the works at Greenwich on card the liulk-
Iris, for transference to the Medwaitlandlinala
stowage in the tanks of the Great Eastern. The
shipment was began early in the morning, and will
continue without intermission now until nearly the .
end of May, by which time it is hoped all will be
coiled away snugly on board the great steamship.
The total quantity of rope required to connect •
Valentia with Bull's Bay, Newfoundland, allowiztg
for the " slack" which must run out to prevent too
great a strain on the cable, is about 2,300 nautical,
or nearly 2,700 statute miles. With this length a
liberal margin is given of nearly 600 statute miles
of rope for slack caused by currents, possible rough
weather, and the avoidance of anything like un-
usual strain on the cable in the deepest water. Over
one part of the route the depth is as
great as from
2,000 to 2,500 fathoms, or nearly three statute
miles—a depth, however, which is only considered
of moment in case of rough weather in
paying out,
the mere strength of the cable being sufficient to
bear its own weight in 11 miles of still water. In
this respect, as, indeed, in all others, the new cable

his power, -not because he was against shortening the
hours of labour, for he was an advocate for shorten-

ing them, but because it allowed Parliament, which
was composed of persons bitterly hostile to all classes
of manufactures and commerce, to interfere with
the free action of labour in 'the trade of the coun-
try. 'ln the year 1846 that act was a political
triumph over the Liberal and manufacturing party.
The shortening of the hours of labour had taken
place by virtue of that act, and he was bound to say
that amongst the working classes of Lancashire it
was prized very highly. The
spinneerlas whichndma enufalecy-
turers had not found from
had expected, and he did not believe that there was
any great disposition in Lancashire to have it re-
pealed or altered. (Hear, hear.) But in a place
like Birmingham the circumstances of trade and
employment was very different. (Hear.) Nothing
could be more clear than that legislation affecting so
many persons and interests should be preceded by
an impartial and honest investigation. (Cheers.)
Unless that was done through action on the Home
Office it would not be done at all. The principle
of interference had been admitted by Parliament,
and carried from one step to another. No one would
propose that the principle should be abandoned,
and in all probability something further would be
done. Instead of opposing the whole measure, he
thought it would be wise to ask for a fair investi-
gation, and be content to abide by the result.
(Hear, hear.) He did not know how far the pro-
posed interference might go. It had not yet
reached the children of the agricultural labourer, but
if a proposition should be made that little boys em-
ployed to keep off the birds should not be so em-
ployed under a certain age, and that they should go
to school for a certain period, he was by no means
sure that the country gentlemen would be so enthu-
siastic on behalf the bill as they were at present.
(Cheers and laughter.) With respect to the patent
laws and the Patent Law Commission, it seemed to
him that that commission, after sitting for a long
period, had hatched nothing. The recommendations
of the commission appeared to be almost confined
to the appointment of a judge to hear patent cases
and that nobody should have a patent for less than
14 years. After hearing lawyers and scientific men,
and other clever fellows who lived on the services
they were able to render patentees, and those who
opposed patents, no strong opposition was likely to
be given to the system of patents. (Hear, hear.)
He considered that gieat harm was caused by the
granting of patents for inventions of a trifling nature.
If we had never had any patents, and it was proposed
to give a lump sum to the inventor, or a monopoly
in the shape of a patent, it would be said if a man
claims such a monopoly over the whole country, the
invention would be one of that magnitude which
would confer great benefit on the country or on some
particular trade. In that case it might be proper to
give him some £5,000, or a patent for seven years.
But now monopolies were given for the most unim-
portant and trifling inventions, and in any trade
persons were always in peril of litigation on very
trivial matters. (Hear, hear.) He regarded the
granting of patents indiscriminately, and the•grant-
ing of a monopoly by the Crown, to be detrimental
and contrary to public interests. (Cheers.) Suppose
a man in Birmingham to invent a machine that very
day, and register it ; and suppose a man down at
Newcastle to discover something bearing some re-
semblance to it, involving in some degree the same
principle, and intended to bring about the same
result. He should object to the first man having his
patent, which would not only give him the monopoly
of his own invention, but absorb the invention of
another man many miles away. (Cheers.) He did
not mean to say that that was a conclusive argument
against patents, but it was a reason to induce Par-
liament to pause before giving further monopolies.
(Cheers.) So far as he was concerned, he should never
support such a scheme. The specifications on which
the patents were based were of the most vague and
complicated character, and it was impossible for any
number of scientific men or any judge to define
clearly what was meant by many of those specifica-
tions. It was quite impossible to do justice between
the parties, and to ascertain, whether from ignorance
or dishonesty, if something was included in the spe-
cification which the patentee did not invent. (Hear.)
The public had a great interest in the question, and
if a patentee took out a patent including things to
which he had no right—if the patent should prove
bad in law, the man ought not to be allowed to dis-
claim and repudiate the things which he had mono-
polised, and by legal processes worry out those who
were carrying on the same trade. (Cheers.) If the
power of disclaimer were altogether abolished, and
a man would not guard his own interests at once,
he ought to suffer from the loss caused by his igno-
rance, bad management, or dishonesty, and the
public should be free from the monopoly which he
had endeavoured to gain. (Cheers.) The state of
the law on this subject with regard to costs was
perfectly frightful. The costs recoverable by the
winning party were a miserable percentage of the
costs actually incurred. The whole system was one
of great and grievous oppression, and the report of
the commissioners merely touched the subject, with-
out probing the grievances which exist and attempt-
ing to remedy them. (Cheers.) The utility of these
chambers of commerce appeared to him to be grow-
ing every day. He believed that the chambers of
Manchester and Liverpool had not yet joined the
associated body. They might have some good reasons
for not doing so ; but if they had honest and open
objects on behalf of the great principles of commerce
which affected all trades, it was a great pity that
they had not joined the associated chambers in order
to render their operations more beneficial. (Cheers.)
Every sagacious man in the Government was
coming to a discovery which they had been very
long in making—that a statesmanship which
attends to the material interests of the
country not less than its great political inte-
rests, is a statesmanship which the country re-
quires. (Cheers.) Of late years the statesmen who
had done most for the country were those who had
filled the office or attended to the duties of the
Chancellor of the Exchequer—Sir Robert Peel, and
after him Mr. Gladstone. (Cheers.) It was an
unfortuate circumstance, but historically true, as
he had once stated in the House of Commons, that
the Whigs had never produced a Chancellor of the
Exchequer, and many of the leading Whigs ad-
mitted the truth of this statement, merely putting
in a plea for Sir Robert Walpole. (Laughter and
cheers.) This system of policy had been of late the
path to influence, and honour, and usefulness. That
opinion was now spreading among efficient men of
all classes, who were every day becoming more and
more anxious to meet the views of the commercial
classes throughout the country. (Cheers.) If the
chambers of commerce were united, and disclaimed
all protection and petty and rival interests, al
were open and generous enough to look at all those
great questions which affected the whole nation, and
if they would go to Downing-street and to Parlia-
ment with that magnanimous feeling, they would
t
meet, both in Downing-street and in Parliamnento,,
far greater attention than would have
would
able to
them at any former period, and woui
theircountry
(Cheers.) great and lasting benefits upon1110
(Cheers.) Parliament had now no
interest in doing
wrong in what it called minor matters. The House
of Lords did not set itself against propositions of
.
0..
that nature. On the
Conservative side of the House
of Commons they had got over the fear of change
on these subjec , and there was an openness in their
ts
minds which could be appealed to.
(Hear, hear.)
great pleasure in thinking that the great
aline hadd
growing influence of the chambers of commerce
was attributable to a considerable extent to the
course which the Birmingham Council had taken ;
and he should be most happy to assist his hon. col-
league in furthering
the objects of such institutions,
which were worthy of pursuit by the great com-
mercial and trading interests of the kingdom.
(Loud cheers.),

has an enormous superiority over the old and ill-
used rope which was first laid, and which, to the
amazement of all those who knew its real condition,
nevertheless remained in fair working order for a
few days. If such unexpected results were obtained
from the old cable, which the advancement of elec-
trical science since then shows to have been
thoroughly
ill-adapted for its purpose, it is not over
sanguine to
expect a far more favourable conclusion
to the present enterprise, every 'step in the conduct
of which has been marked with the most jealous
care, not only to guard against the dangers known
to exist, bnt against other emergencies which ex-
perience shows may arise, but which five years ago
were unknown. In size, in strength, in better
condition, better insulation, and better outer
covering the new rope is never less than three times
as good as the old one, while in many cases, and
these the most important, its superiority is four or
five times greater. Though a much larger cable, its
weight in water per mile is less than half that of its
unfortunate predecessor, its breaking strain is 71
tons, against 31 tons, the maximum strength of the
old rope. The method of joining up the two-mile
lengths in which it is constructed is also a great im-
provement upon the soldered joints in the wires of
the first cable, while the standards for insulation and
" conductivity" are as high as those devised for the
Persian Gulf cable, and the tests are continuous in
every portion of the manufacture. Nearly 900 miles
of the cable have already been made, and are beau-
tifully coiled away in the large tanks in the Tele-
graph Construction Company's works, lately those
of Messrs. Glass and Elliot. Fifteen hundred nau-
tical miles have yet to be manufactured to complete
the tale, exclusive of the shore ends, which will be
most massive, and in length some 30 miles. The
factory now turns out 14 miles a day of completed
rope, which in four months' time will give 1,350
mileS, at the present rate of working—though, of
course, as the days grow longer so in proportion will
the hours of labour. It is considered, therefore, that
the work would be well advanced if 2,000 miles had
to be completed instead of 1,500. Two hulks have
been placed at the disposal of the company by the
Admiralty—the Iris and the Amethyst. As soon
as the Iris, now off the works, is filled with her
quantum of 250 miles, she will be towed down to
the Great Eastern, and the Amethyst will take
her place, and in this manner, for the next four
months, the shipment of cable will be continuous.
The cable is wound on board these hulks at the
rate of little over two miles an hour, and, as the
days are short and there is little night work, the
rate of shipment is not much ahead of the
rate of manufacture. During this winding on,
board the hulks, as during every other process,
the tests for insulation and " conductivity"
are continued with the same scrupulous care.
The interior of the Great Eastern is undergoing
important alterations to fit her for her duties as a
cable-ship. The great object with such ships is to
get as few coils of cable as possible—in fact, if pos-
sible, to have it all in one. Large, however, as the
Great Eastern is, she could never hold the Atlantic
cable in one coil, for, apart from its weight, which
is 5,000 tons, its bulk in one mass would be gigantic
—a coil of 58ft. in diameter and nearly 60ft. high,
enough to fill Astley's Theatre from the ground of
the circus almost to the roof. It is disposed there-
fore in three circular tanks—one aft, one amidships,
and on forward. Each of these tanks is of solid
wrought iron, water-tight, built on what is called
the 30-foot deck, and with some minute differences
which are not worth mentioning, are all as nearly
as possible alike in size—namely, 58ft. diameter
and 20ft. high. The forward tank is from the shape
of the ship smaller in diameter than those amidships
and aft, but the lengths of all are alike. This tank
is entirely finished, and will be filled with water
to-day, in readiness for the reception of the first
portion of the cable. The after tank is about three
parts complete, but no commencement has yet been
made with that which will occupy the midship por-
tion of the vessel further than the removal of the
cabins, decks, and indeed the entire interior portion
of the ship. In order to sustain the enormous
additional weight which will be placed on the decks
when the whole of the tanks are on board, the
deck on which the tanks are erected is being
strengthened by a system of knees and deck-beams,
while the lateral pressure of the cable against the
sides of the tanks will be overcome by an arrange-
ments of beams and supports, with the object
of confining the dead weight of the cable to
the centre of the ship, and preventing or rather
overcoming the outward pressure of the enormous
mass when the vessel is rolling—as the Great
Eastern does roll—at sea, This, not the least im-
portant portion of the work, is being executed by
Mr. Canning, the company's engineer, to whom is
also confided the general superintendence of the
equipment of the vessel, the experience that gentle-
man gained in assisting to lay the former Atlantic
telegraph cable being of great advantage in mak-
ing the necessary preparations for the present un-
dertaking. The three tanks will hold respectively
817, 803, and 633 miles of cable, giving a total
length of 2,253 miles. No final arrangements have
yet been made as to the rules to be followed in
laying the cable, but it will, of course, be com-
menced from this side of the Atlantic and carried
across to Newfoundland, to get the benefit of the
westerly winds which generally blow in summer.
Steaming against a head wind, the Great Eastern
is as steady as a rock. The rate of steaming across
will never exceed seven knots an hour, and at this
rate the great object of the expedition ought to be
accomplished in from 10 to 11 days. All will, how..
ever, depend on fine weather, which, fickle enough
by the last expedition
ainst this misfortune, how.
sufficiently proved. Ag
everywhere, is trebly so in the North Atlantic, as
the terrific gale encountered
ever, no care or skill on the part of the com-
pany can
guard, and at present this seems the only
cloud over the prospects of the New Atlantic
nd Telegraph.
,

passage from Every
Da;
pCaopoePr:llb.;—ThAndreelvfoHllaolliwciainyg,
London, 1864, ii. 257,
explains the origin of this mixture of stout and porter :
“Some brewers, who are jealous for the reputation of their
beer, employ a traveller, who visits the houses periodically,
and tastes the various beers, to see that they are not reduced
too much. This functionary is called the Broad Cooper.
When the Broad Cooper looks in upon Mr. Noggins, and
wants to taste the porter, and the porter is below the mark,
Mr. Noggins slyly draws a dash of stout into it. And this
trick is so common and so well known, that a mixture of
stout and porter has come to be known to the public and
asked for by the name of " Cooper."—Notes and Queries.

[ADVERTISEKENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills.—
Fear not.—Though surrounded by circumstances disad-
vantageous to health, these remedies, properly applied, will
cut short fevers, influenza, inflammation, diptheria, and a
host of other complaints always lurking about to seize on
the weak, 'forlorn, or unwary. The superiority of Hollo-
way's medicines over others for subduing disease has been
so fully and widely proved that it is only necessary to ask
the afflicted to give them a trial, and if the instructions
folded round them be followed, no disappointments will ever
ensue or dangerous consequences result. In hoarseness and
ulcerated sore throat the ointment should frequently be
rubbed upon the neck and top of the chest; it will arrest
the increasing inflammation, allay disqutude, and gra-
dually cure.