The Sun.
London, England, 1865-01-27 00:00:00

LETHEBY considers it to be one of the most striking
facts in his table of deaths. In his annual report

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAM.)

on the sanitary condition of the City, submitted a
day or two since to the Commissioners, he observes
that in the preceding ten years the number of deaths
among persons at from 55 to 65 years of
age was 28 9, and from 65 to 75 28 2 ;

SPAIN.

MADRID, JAN. 26.

In the Senate, to-day, Marshal O'Donnell said—
The annexation of St. Domingo was no more a
scheme, it was already an accomplished fact ; and
added that if he had commanded the troops in the
island he would guarantee with his head to have
put down the rebellion in three months. He was
still ready to take the command should the Queen
desire it.

in the last twelvemonths the numbers have

risen respectively to 315 and 292. Formerly the
rate of mortality at those ages was 48 and 99 per
1,000 ; last year it was 57 and 110. In all England
tis 32 and 66 per 1,000, and in France only 29

and 65, though, in other respects, our mortality is

Lower. It is true that the past year has been most

exceptionally unhealthy, and that persons who have
passed middle life are naturally the chief sufferers ;

THE BOMBAY MAIL.

SOUTHAMPTON, JAN. 27

but it is remarkable that the death-rate among

:emales at a corresponding age was not excessive,

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Massilia, with the heavy portion of the above mails,
has arrived here. After passing the Needles at
2.30 a.m. to-day, the Massilia was detained in
the West Channel by thick weather. She brings
52 passengers, £7OO in specie, a general cargo, in-
cluding 919 bales of raw silk, value £30,000, and
jewellery, value 12,000 rupees.
_ _

being only respectively 37 and 80 per 1,000 be-
tween the ages of 55-65 and 65-75, the averages
for England and France being about the same.
These facts would seem to indicate that from some
cause or other the strain on a City life is on the in-

crease, and Dr. LETHEBY'S explanation that it is

due to the increased mental labour demanded by

~ ~ •
She experienced very heavy weather and head
seas from Malta to Gibraltar, across the Bay of
Biscay, and up the Channel strong easterly winds,
rain, and thick weather.
On the 20th she spoke the steamer Syria off Cape
Spartel, and on the 22d the British bark Offspring,
standing north-west.

the growing activity of commerce is not altogether
satisfactory, since the cause should affect the death-
rate throughout England, which includes Liver-
pool, Birmingham, Manchester, and other commer-
cial cities in the same proportion. Neither is the
increase of commercial activity confined to English-

men alone, and we do not hear that France has been
similarly affected. Should the same high death-rate
continue in the City especially, it will be worth in-
quiry how far the present conditions of a City life
are an improvement on former days. It would not
be fair, as we have said, to accept the statistics of
last year in evidence, were it not for the
corresponding circumstances, since the tables
altogether show a most unsatisfactory
state of the public health. For the first
time since Dr. LETHEBY commenced these records,
a period of 16 years, the deaths exceeded the births
in the City. This is to be attributed not only to a
diminution of the birth-rate, but to a singular in-
crease in the mortality, which was not restricted to
the City alone, but extended throughout the
country generally. The average of the preceding
ten years shows a death-rate of 22.1 per 1,000 for
all England, 24.3'f0r the chief towns, and 24.2 for
the City. In last year the corresponding figures
were, 28.5 per 1,000 for all England, and 25.3 for
the City. The returns of the winter quarter show
the epoch of the most formidable increase, the
death-rate rising to nearly 28 per 1,000 for all Eng-
land, 29.7 for the chief towns, and 30.9 for the
City. " Seldom," says the Registrar-General, "has
the winter been more fatal," and these figures cer-
tainly confirm his words. The unusual dryness of
the year is supposed to have been the cause of this
remarkable mortality, the average degree of atmo-
spheric humidity having been 74 instead of 80, and
the number of wet days showing the extraordinary
diminution of 47 from 169. The temperature of
the air was also fully a degree below the average,
and the mean proportion of moisture in the
atmosphere during the summer months was scarcely
four grains of aqueous vapour in a cubic foot of
air. So dry was the atmosphere that a difference
was perceptible between the quantity of rain in the
rain guages on the roof of Guildhall and in those
on the ground, owing to the evaporation of the
rain in falling that short distance. We may thank
the low degree of temperature, unusual in so dry a
season, for preservation from a serious and dan-
gerous nuisance. Had the temperature risen to the
height of some late summers the river would have
again become offensive, since it was considerably
affected by the almost total absence of rain. It has
been proved by regular examination of the river
water that during many months of the year the
flow of the river is not downwards but
upwards, owing to .the evaporation of the
water and the small supply from above, and
consequently .the sewage, even when discharged at
the new outfalls, flows upwards far above the City
bridges. The effect produced by a dry season is
strongly evidenced this year by the increase in the
solid matter, saline and otherwise, in the river
water. The normal proportion is 24 grains per
gallon, but at the end of May this year it was 124
grains, and at the end of August 386. This is of
course an extreme case, but it serves to point the
moral more forcibly than usual, and the principle of
the increased rate is the same every summer. Our
sanitary reformers, therefore, must not rest satisfied
with what they have done, but devote their energies
to further progress. There are many points to
which Dr. LETHEBY'S report will especially direct
their attention, such as the excessive infant mor-
tality in the city, the effect upon public health of
the present over-crowding, the necessity which
exists of providing some better accommodation even
for the worst classes, and if possible of inducing
them to put the sanitary appliances provided to a
better use. There is nothing more degrading than
dirty, unhealthy, and squalid homes, thronged with
a multitude of persons of both sexes and all ages,
and so long as these are tolerated the decent soil
will sink to the level of the lower, and the lower
grow worse and worse. Many interesting parti-
culars of the special diseases which attack different
ages, and the supposed reasons for such liability,
are given in the report which Dr. LETHEBY has
framed in his usual pains-taking and intelligent
manner.

Her Majesty's ships Victoria, Royal Oak, Re-
sistance, Meeanee, Orlando, Magicienne, Hibernia,
Firefly, and Wizard were at Malta ; and the Cos-
sack, Gibraltar, Redpole, and Procris, at Gibraltar.

A grand ball was given by the merchants of
Gibraltar to Governor and Lady Codrington on the
17th inst. It was very numerously and brilliantly
attended.

The latest quotation at Gibraltar of Exchange on
London, 90 days, was 49 13-16ths to 498 ; on
Marseilles, 8 days, sf. 16c. ; on Madrid, 1i to 11
dis.

41 per Cents 96
Do. end month —
3 per Cents. 67
Do. end month 67
Credit Mobilier
Do. end month
Bank Shares 3510
Credit Foncier 1275
Roman 74

THE brnsl, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 27, 1865.1,

to Italy on the way to Rome. What will the bishops
say to that order of the day, which denies their
assertions in such a striking manner ? That Italy,
that unfortunate Italy, who is represented to us as
abandoned to the worst inspirations ; that Italy
excommunicated and insulted openly practices the
pardon of injuries ; she gives to the world a noble
example by inviting all her children to live in con-

cord."
A Paris letter in the Independance Beige says :
" The serious idea of a separation between the
Church and State is daily gaining ground here. You
are aware we have in France an infallible thermo-
meter of the tendencies of the Government in the
theses put forward and supported by the ministerial
journals in the provinces. The articles of those
organs of the press arrive daily by the lithographic
sheets from Paris, the writers of which derive their
inspirations from the Minister of the Interior, and it
is unusual for an idea to pass to the state of a fact with-
out the journals of the departments, the real influence
of which is known by the Government, having
beforehand prepared the public mind to adopt it.
The provincial press now reverts to the discussion
of such a separation with a persistence which appears
to be at least a serious indication. Sometimes such
a proceeding is only a pilot balloon to ascertain the
opinion of the country. As to the Paris press, you
know to what point it has reached on this question.
I do not believe that anything else will come of this
discussion, to which the Monde appears to accord
such importance, than a profound conviction in all
minds, whether in the Napoleonian or the Demo-
cratic world, that the serious solution of the inex-
tricable religious question must be a definite and
intelligent separation—one which shall consult both
religious and social interests."
" Ambassadors from Madagascar," says the Norcr
" are said to have left Tamatava on the 23d De-
cember for New York, Paris, and London, and are
believed to be provided with the necessary powers
for negotiating and signing treaties with the three
countries. Their stay in the United States will pro-
bably extend over two months, as they have to
make purchases on account of the Government ;
consequently they will not arrive in Europe until
about the end of April."
BOURSE, Jan. 26.—The market presents a more
favourable aspect to-day, and more business has
been transacted. For the Account, Threes opened
at 66f. 95c., and are now at 66f. 971 c. Mobilier
have been firm ; they opened at 956 f. 25c., and
are now 958 f. 75c. The market closed as follows :

Italian Loan 64 90
Do. end month 65 05
Ditto Threes —
New Mexican
Russian —
Austrian
Spanish Threes
Home Debt
Deferred -

RAILWAYS.
Cash. Acct.
Orleans
Northern 998 75 ... 1000 50
Lyons and Mediterranean 935
Southern 578 25 ... 577 50
Western 535 ... 535
Eastern
Sardinian 307 50 ....307 50
Austrian
Lombard 542 50 ... 543 75
North of Spain 337 50 ... 337 50
Saragossa 4OO ... 400
Ditto to Barcelona lB3 75 ...

THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

FALMOUTIJ, Jan. 25

The Diamond Company's steamer Caffraria,
Cummings, master, arrived here this evening from
the Cape of Good Hope, &c., having left Port Natal
December 7 ; Algoa Bay, the 19th ; and Cape Town,
the 23d ; St. Helena, January 1; and Madeira, the
20th. She brings a large mail, which is landed here,
and the following passengers :—Messrs. Langford,
Collyer, and Farmer, from Natal ; Lord and Lady
Brown, Major Plunkett, Master Bisset, Mr. and Mrs
Every and three children, Misses Hyman and Gould,
Mrs. Marks, and Messrs. Hinds, Reiche; Brown,
and Colquhoun, from Algoa Bay ; Captain Andrea,
Captain Elmstone, Rev. Mr. Alington, Mr. R.
Stanford, and 21 time-expired men, from Cape
Town ; and Captain Biccard and Mr. Dillin, from
St. Helena ; also the following cargo :-1,232 bales
of wool, 50 bales of hides, 467 bags of sugar, 37
cases of sundries, and 47 packages.
Her Majesty's ship Valorous was at Algoa Bay
on the 17th of December.
The Cape Argus of December 23 summarises the
news as follows :—" His Excellency the Governor
returned to Cape Town on the 23d of last month.
Affairs on the frontier are peaceable, and it is be-
lieved that no trouble need be anticipated from the
neighbourhood of the free State. Moshesh has an-
nounced his intention of abiding by the decision of

the Government in respect to the boundary of his
territory. The railway from Cape Town to Wyn-
berg was thrown open to the public on Monday last,
and the trains have since conveyed large numbers of
passengers every trip. By the present mail instructions
will be forwarded to the agents-general for the Crown
colonies for the issue of advertisements, inviting ten-
ders for the construction of a railway from Port
Elizabeth to Commando Kraalin, in the direction of
Graham's Town. Mr. Justice Connor, of Natal, and
Mr. Advocate Denyssen, of the Cape Bar, have been
appointed judges of the New Eastern District
Court; Mr. J. C. Davidson has been appointed
Treasurer-General, vice Mr. R. Southey, promoted;
Mr. A. W. Cole has been appointed law lecturer to
the South African College, in the room of the late
Mr. F. S. Watermeyer."
The official returns of the revenue and expendi-
ture for the quarter ending with the 30th of Septem-
ber last have been published. They show a great
improvement upon previous returns of a similar
character.
Commercial matters are, on the whole, satisfac-
tory. Trade amounts to a fair average at this late
season of the year, with a tone of • confidence in
business transactions.
Money plentiful, and Bank rates of discount 6
per cent. per annum. Not more than 6 per cent.
can be obtained on first mortgages of landed pro-
perty in the neighbourhood of Cape Town. The
crops of oats and barley will be below an average
yield, and contracts for the supply of oats in large
quantities are being secured at nearly double last
year's price.

being immediately attended upon a volaPtlicitt
Bacchante andby that old, soddened, red-nosed tor,
Silenus. Around and below, in clusters, oaring;
otheradi
dancing, fighting, killing themselves or
simpering, laughing, raving, sipping, swiggiltr: of
committing every imaginable extravagance, s'°-
the
crimes that defy delineation, are the Mob, wh aretoxi-
Votaries of the God, (meaning of the Demon) °f
cation—the God not of Wine only, but of Beer, (11.11'
s
Whisky, Brandy, Rum, Hollands, Punch, neghe
Nose, Purl, Sherry-Cobbler, Gin-Sling, and an ted
other intoxicating beverages here unenumsrat s:o
from the Bang of the East to what ti
may call the bang-up liquors of the West t,
drinks with the oddest. names, and the 111(!A
delicately enticing and exhilarating qualities
be
description of the picture in its entirety, Nouldd
almost as hopeless a task to adventure upon,
delineation of a forest tree in every fibre of ever;
root, in every twig of every branch, in eveq
of every leaf. A picture such as this must 0'1;
be seen, not described. The elaboration of
use an expressive idiom, just beggars descreiss'
il
ton. It is a marvel of industry, of imagillativello
of minute observation. It is a picture of lin.
life worthy of the genius of George Cruilow-r,•
It is an etching worthy of his needle. It is a Diasreo
piece worthy of crowning and of completing
finest
reputation. It is, moreover, in its every ci
touch, in its most delicate and subtle shades 31110..
outlines, laden with a moral, as here enforced, e_.t,
quent with all the eloquence of the mind, the
Upon
the very conscience of George Cruikshank. 011
the completion of this, the most considerable e' Ivo
his works, both as an Artist and as a Moralist'll to
would now offer him, as we have surely ress°
offer him, our most earnest congratulations.

, Nt.4 VIAI •
Court Orte.