The Sun.
London, England, 1865-03-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUE --DAY EVENING, MARCH 14, 1865.

PRYSTAL PALACE.—WET or DRY.—
Always charming.—TO-MORROW.

Performances by the Orchestral Band at 12.30 and 4.30, and
Great Organ Pei forrnance at 330. Picture Oahe'les, Fine
Art Courts, Shakspere House, Chimpanzee, Armour Plates
(lent by official authority), and the thousand and one other
attractions of the Crystal Palace.
Open from Ten till dusk. One Shilling; children under
twelve, Sixpence.

CR H PALACE.-GREAT PALACE.GREAT TRIENNIAL
A N DLL 'FESTI VAL.
MESSIAH, Monday, June 26, 1865.
SELEC PION, ‘Veinrsday, June 28,1865.
ISRAEL; Friday, June 30, 1865. -

The Programme of arrangemen s, with the price of Tickets,
and the block plßn of Stalls, may now in had, on written or
personal applicati ,n, at the Festival Ticket Offices, Crystal
Palace, and Exeter Dail. It may also be had at the principal
Music Warehouses in London and the Provinces ; and be-
sides numerous other places abroad, at the offices of the South-
Eastern, and London, Chatham, and Dover Railway Compa-
nies, at Paris, Brus els, Cologne, Calais, Boulo,;ne, Ostend,
Ghent, Antwerp, Am.
The two Ticket Offices as above will be open from 10 a,m.
till 4.0 p.m. To-morrow, for the issue of vouchers s• cur-
ing seats according to the numbered plans H•hich will then
be open to inspection. Written applications, whether direct
or through agents, containing remittances, and arriving at
either of the Ticket Offices on or before the fir •t post on the
13th, will be attended to alternately with personal applica-
tions. by order.

Crystal Palace and Exeter Hall, March 13th, 1865.

NOTE.—Persons preferring seats in any particular block
are recommended to apply for them as early as possible alter
the opening of the Subscription Books on the 13th of March
Even the Crystil •Palace, with its vast space, has limits of
accommodation which cannot be exceeded ; and the demand
at each of the three previo is Festivals for seats in particular
blocks having been greatly in excess of any possible supply,
the necessity for the foregoing intimation must be apparent.

MR. and Mrs. GERMAN REED, with Mr.
JOHN PARRY. in THE RIVAL COMPOSERS. in
which the Sisters Pry will appear, with THE BARD and
HIS BIRTHDAY; and to cone ude with MRS. ROSELE
AT THE SEA-SIDE. By Mr. John Parry. Every Evening
(except Saturday) at Eight ; Saturday Afternoon, at Three.
- -ROYAL GALLERY OF ILLUa'I'RALION, 11-, Regent-
street. Unreserved seats, is., Zs. ; stalls, Is. ; stall spring
chairs, ss.

OPERA DI CAVERA, the SOLDIER'S LEGACY, by
Maetarren, and.:C.oo MANY COOKS, by Offenbach. Every
TUE,DAY and T EIURSDAY, at Three.

T HE XFORD,
6, OXFORD STREET, W.
The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).
ORPHEE AUX ENFERS (Offenbach's brilliant Opera
Comique), is achieving an unprecedented success. Vide, the
Song : "King of Bceotia ;" " The Hymn to Bacchus ;" and
the spirited "Hilliho " Chorus, by Eurydice, Diana, Cupid,
and horns ; the side-splitting "Couplets," by Minerva,
Diana, Venus, Cupid, Pluto, and Chorus ; ai.d fi.ial Minuet
and Galop. Principal characters by Misses Russell, Fitz-
henry, Barrie, Tyrrell, and Walmsley; Messrs. Greene and
Lascellcs.
Comedy, by Mr. George Hodson (the celebrated Comedian
and Mimic), W. Randal:, Little Bob, Miss Kate Balte. and
Les Nois Ferres
Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
•

Every Evening, at 11111--past Scven. Admission—wea, Gd.;
stalls and balcony, ls.; prtv..tc boxes, les. 6d.

nANTERBURY HALL.
NJ The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).

lIODGE PODGE,
(According to Act of Parliament).
CANTERBURY El A.LI4.—EVERY EVENING
at half-past Nine o'clock.

ROYAL CAMBRIDGE MUSIC HALL,
Commercial-street, Shoreditch.
(Close to the Great Eastern Terminus,.
Sole rropriel Or, Mr. G. W. Ntrom.
Operatic Selection, SONgAMBULA. Prima Donna, Miss
E ON.
Comic -NE LLY POWER, HARRIETT COVENEY. J.
G. FORDE. WEST, FIIED, 'MEN( 11, Midlie. CERITO
SYLVES tE R. The I RoT HE S A I.TO PP, from the
Theatre Desartl, touen, and the ELLISTRAIS, from the
Crystal Palace.
Stalls, Is. ; balcony, Gd. ; area, 4d. Open every evening at
Seven o'clock.
Manager and Conductor, Mr. C. GitE VILLE.

MADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION,
established 29 years at the Bazaar, Baker-street.

NEW ADDITIONS.—A Full-length PORTRAIT MODEL
of MULLER, taken from lite, and corrected from the Cast
taken by Doctor Donovan; also a full-length MODEL of
KOHL, taken at his trial -are now added to the Chamber of
Physiognomy.
Open, 11 till dusk, and 7 till 10 evening.
Admittance, One Shi.ling ; extra rooms, Sixpence.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
Piccadilly.
GRAND CASINO. CONCERT. First time in England,
Gungl's new German T,-,y Waltz. Prince Imperial Qn4drille,
Huguenots, Robert lc Diable, William Tell, and a variety of
Dance Millie.
Conductor, 31. LUIGI CURTI.
Admission, One Shilling.
31anager, M. GRENET.

TEETH.—Mr. ALBERT, Dentist, 34, Great
Russell-street, Bloomsbury. ARTIFICIAL TE run
of the best quality, fixed on tee improved principles, witi.ou:,
pain, from £.l 4s. to £8 Sc. the Set.
Decayed and painful Teeth rendered useful, and irre,,,ula-
rlties corrected. (Sec Testimonials.) Established 33 years.
Consultations free.

MADAME RACHEL, whose talents has gained
for her a world-renowned name for I,rese;ving ,nd
enhancing youth, beauty, grace, and love ines.., and whose
Royal Arabian, CircAssian, Baths, Spic, s, and Perfumes ren-
der the hair, teeth, and complexion beautiful beyond com-
parison, giving the appearance of youth and beauty to pet sons
however far advanced in years, have caused her name to stand
a marvel of the age, of which delicate and costly arts she
stands the sole possessor.-47A, New Bond-street.

AILORS' ORPHAN GIRLS' SCHOOL and
11011 E, Hampstead. Offices. 77, Cornhill.
PATRON—The QUEEN.
_ TRUSTEES.

Capt. the Hon. Francis Mande, I The Rev. Canon rhamppcys
R.N. Thomas Baring, Esq., AI r.

TREASURERS. _
R. U. L. Bevan, Esq. Robert Hanbury, Esq.
This Institution is designed to supply a great national
want, viz., an asylum for the orphan daughters of sailors in
the Royal Navy and Merchants service and of Marines.
It clothes, maintains, and educates them for domestic
service, and provides a home free of expense for former
inmates while out of situations, thus shielding them from the
temptations they might otherwise be exposed to.
The Committee earnestly APPEAL for CONTRIBU-
TIONS to meet the increasi g applications through the
recent storms and loss f life at sea, and to enable them
eventually to obtain premises more commensurate w.th the
necessities of this great maritime country, which loses 2,000
sa'aors annually by casualties alone, without including those
who may perish by war.
Subscriptions thankfully received by the bankerr, Messrs.
Barclay, Bevan, and Co., Lombard-street, and by the Secre-
tary, at the Offices, No. 77, Curnhill.
R. SWEETING, Hon. Sec.
CHARLES NASII, Sec.

[ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment and
Hope for All.—Whatever their ailments, none need despair
of being cured till they have tried these inestimable
remedies. Whether the disease be internal or external,
spontaneous, or the result of violence, if a cure be possible,
Holloway's medicaments will effect it. The severity or
duration of the malady is no bar to the successful influence
exerted by these twin medicines, Which cleanse, purify,
and invigorate every solid and fluid in the body, and com-
pletely renovate the digestion. They render every organ
of secretion healthy. These admirable antidotes to disease
act immediately in the absorbent system, lungs, heart, and
circulation, whereby they invariably give energy, tone,
and vigour to all the natural functions of life.

BREAKFAST BEYERA.GE.—Horriceopathio practitioners,
and the medical profession generally, recommend cocoa
as being the most healthful of all beverages. When the doc-
trine of homoeopathy was first introduced into this country
there were to be obt fined no preparations of cocoa either at-
tractive to the taste or acceptable to the stomach ; the nut
W4B either supplied in the crude state, or so unskilfully
manufactured as to obtain little notice. J. Epps, of London,
Homoeopathic Chemist, was induced in the year 181! to turn
his attention to this subject, and at length succeeded, with
the assistance of elaborate machinery, in being the first
to produce an article pure in its composition, and so refined
by the perfect trituration it receives in the process it passes
throagh, as to be most acceptable to the delicate stomach.
For general use Epps's Cocoa is distinguished as an invigo-
rating, grateful breakfast beverage, possessing a most deli-
cious aroma. Dr. Hassaq, in his work, "Food and its
Adulteratio n a," says —" Cocoa contains a great variety of im-
portant nutritive principles—every ingredient necessary to
the growth and sustenance of the body." Again; "As a
nutritive, cocoa stands very much higher than elher coffee
or tea." Directions—Two teaspoonfuls of the powder in a
breakfast cup, filled up with boiling water or milk. Secured
In tin-lined Ob., iib., and 11b. labelled packets, and sold by
all grocers, ‘oufectioners, and chemists. - [A tyrr.]

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.—The latest intelligence from America
leaves us still in suspense as to the probable course
of the great civil war. We are in the position of
spectators between two acts of a drama. The cur-
tain has just fallen upon a scene with which we had
become familiar, and it will rise upon another the
nature of which we cannot conjecture.: For the last
four years we have been accustomed to see large
Northern armies set out upon their campaigns and
desist from their work, after fierce encounters, with-
out having accomplished any decisive result. They
were always held in check by Southern armies, and
either made little progress or were even forced to
retire. But now one of these armies has advanced
with triumphant success, and its victories have
changed the whole aspect of the war. The Federal
forces will no longer be detained on the frontier of
the Confederate States, without the chance of mak-
ing any impression on Southern territory. That
territory has been penetrated and traversed in its
whole breadth. The Southern seaports, taken in
reverse, have fallen into the hands of the enemy,
and the tactics of the war must be adapted to the
results of the last campaign. What these tactics
may be is still uncertain, but it appears from the
last information that before anything else is at-
tempted a great battle will probably be fought to
the south of Richmond. Though one of the Fede-
ral armies achieved in the campaign of 1864 such un-
exampled success, the other experienced its usual
reverses. In Virginia Grant was effectually foiled by
Lee, and it is only natural that Sherman, after win-
ning his own game, should endeavour to reinforce his
less fortunate colleague. That such is his ultimate de-
sign appears probable from the direction of his recent
movements. He advanced without delay from
Columbia in the clTrection of Richmond, and if, as is
now reported, he as turned towards the seacoast,
that may perhaps be with the view of making Wil-
mington the base of his operations. Sooner or later,
however, it is anticipated that he will move upon
Petersburg and Richmond, there to combine his
forces with the Army of Virginia. But between
him and Virginia lies a Confederate army now
placed once more under the command of Johnston,
the same general who, if he could not defeat Sher-
man, at least gave him more trouble than any other
antagonist. Johnston too is also falling back upon
Richmond ; so that in the end, if these movements
should produce the result anticipated, the forces of
each belligerent will be concentracted in Virginia
for one mighty battle. Other speculations, how-
ever, have been suggested by the recent course of
events. It is thought probable by some that Lee
will avail himself of the advantage of his position to
reinforce Johnston and fall suddenly upon Sherman
before he can cross the Virginian frontier. It is
conjectured again that instead of thus anticipating
attack he may evacuate it altogether, and evacuate
Richmond either for Lynchburg or for a new field
of operations in Tennessee. But on all sides it is
agreed that with the next resolution of Gen. Lee will
be determined the future course of the war. If the
Confederate Commander-in-Chief should succeed
by hiS skill or fortune in inflicting a great disaster
on Grant or Sherman, the war may resume, to some
extent, its former aspect; but if he should fail to do
so, or decline the attempt, then we shall see what
strategy is to be substituted for that by which
through four desperate campaigns the Northern
forces have been held at bay. At present it is be-
lieved that Lee will fight, and that the issue of that
battle will decide the military policy of the South.
That he will be overmatched in numbers is certain,
for his strength is already inferior to General Grant's,
and it is not probable that the collected forces
under the command of Johnston can be equal to the
victorious army of Sherman. But the genius of the
Southern General has never failed him yet, and he
is now, for the first time, in the possession of supreme
and uncontrolled command. Assuming, however,
that even Lee should fail in restoring the balance of
military power, it remains to be seen what alterna-
tive will be adopted in the future conduct of the con-
test. The new phase of the war will be so little
unexpected that it was actually expected long ago.
Everybody in Europe thought that the military as-
cendency which Sherman has at length established
would have been secured by the North in a single
campaign, but what, it was asked; would be done
then, and that is the question before us now.
It must be observed, however, that the prolonged
resistance of the South has materially modified
the circumstances of the case. If the Confede-
rates had been compelled in 1862 to evacuate
their seaports and allow their States to be traversed
as it will by a hostile army, they would then have
been less exhausted than they are now, and would
have possessed greater resources for a prolongation
of the struggle in some new direction. Even their
moral strength might have been greater, too, for
exactly in proportion to the pride produced by their
unexpected achievements may be the depression con-
sequent on defeat now that it has at length arrived.
But, on the other hand, the Federals are also ex-
hausted, and their altered condition is plainly shown
by the results of even their recent victories. At first
they held every conquest they effected. It was their
boast that what they got they kept, and that the
Federal forces, if they advanced slowly, never took
a step in vain. New Orleans, Vicksburg, and half-
a-dozen other positions were solidly occupied, Mary-
land.and Tennessee were firmly grasped, and Ken-
tucky was steadily overawed. But with the occu-
pation of Tennessee this system came to an end.
The Federals could conquer more easily than before,
but they could no longer hold. Sherman did not
so much as attempt to retain any position in
Georgia. He could overrun the State at his dis-
cretion, but he could not spare a detachment even
for its capital city. Georgia is just as free now as
it was before he invaded it. With South Carolina
it is the same. The Governor of North Carolina
has just issued a proclamation to the citizens in which
he appeals to the fact. " Is Georgia," he asks,
" conquered? Except for the garrison at Savannah,
and the ashes of desolation on their track through the
interior, Georgia has neither enemynor sign of enemy
on her soil." Little enough was thought to have
been accomplished by the North even in Louisiana,
where there was at any rate a nominal occupation
under a Federal Governor, but in the States tra-
versed by Sherman there remains not even this ves-
tige or pretence of conquest.. What, then, if the
other Confederate States do but as much as the
Georgians have done, will be gained by Sherman's
victories ? The North can only win by inducing the
South to re-enter the Union. It is evident already
that the enormous territory of the Confederates can
never be held by the Federals as Poland is held by.
Russia, or Venetia by Austria. The North has not
the requisite strength for this, though it may have
the will. The only real end of the war must come
by surrender, and that is the conviction even of
Sherman himself. He has been anxiously negotia-
tingduring his recent operations, and has handled the
olive branch as skilfully,if not as successfully, as the
sword. That such negotiations will continue to fail
is the only conclusion to be drawn at present from
the statements of the Confederate Government and
the proceedings of the Confederate people, but what
form their resistance must henceforth take we must
wait to see. Johnston cannot for ever retire
before Sherman. Sooner or later there must be
a battle, and after the battle some new policy or
system. There are indications that this change has
been foreseen and debated for some time past.
Many of the events which have recently taken us by
surprise are now known to have been in contempla-
tion some months ago, and to eyes, indeed, like
those of Gen. Lee the consequences of Sherman's
unresisted advance must have been visible from the
first. It is probable that the Confederate leaders are
prepared for all contingencies, though it is difficult
to speculate on • their designs. President Davis is
wise a man to have expected that the armies
far
for too wise
of theNorthcouldlonfalewdaeryasey. eknow, indeed,
be kept at bayodnethe,
that he thought Richmond might have fallen long
otetlhyatafhtee
rthitosufgahll. thought the
iw ar
might
be but
prolonged
calcula-
tions on this point we cannot pretend to fathom, but
now bring us some news of their de-
velopment
ago,
we
Post—lt was to •be expected that the House of
Commons would follow the example set it by the
indefinitely
House of Lords in ventilating that most important
any mail
.y
Canada ; and Mr. Seymour Fitzgerald only Se our
duty dis-
charged an obvious in bringing the matter
subject, the present condition of the defences of
under
into estimates. The going
supply on the army
de-
fenceless state of the Canadian frontier, it is scarcely
consideration last evening, on the motion for
American public • but it is
only of late that circumstances have arisen which
to the English or to the
necessary to say, has for years been no secret either
have invested that fact with peculiar import-
ance. So long as the amicable relations which
subsisted, and still subsist, between the Go-
vernment of this country and that of the
United States stood in no danger of being disturbed,
few persons took the trouble o f inquiring into the
probable consequences of the invasion of Canada
by a friendly Power which prided itself on not being
burdened with a standing army. But the events of
die past few years have altered this position of affairs.
We are still on friendly terms with the American

people, but how long we may continue so no one can
pretend with any certainty to predict. In the
Northern States—where the voice of the people, if
not exactly the voice of God, is, at all events, the
voice of authority—it is confidently declared that
the termination of the civil war will be simultaneous
with the commencement of a war with England, and
that the legions which are now scattered over the
Confederacy will be launched against Canada. How-
ever this may be, the contingency is, at all events,'
a possible one, and therefore one which the Govern-
ment of this country should rook steadily in the
face, and decide upon the manner in which, in the
event of its occurrence, it should be met. Colonel
Jervois, a very able engineer officer, has been
recently employed in examining the defensive con-
dition of the Canadian frontier, and his report has
been published by the Government. In the debate
which took place a few weeks since in the House
of Lords the Government was reproached for
having thus officially declared to the world that
Canada was virtually defenceless—a charge, how-
ever, to which the notoriety of the admission made
furnished an adequate answer. Much more mate-
rial, however, is the question which the publication
of that report naturally provokes, and to which the
nation is entitled to look to the Government for an
answer. If with any troops we would be able to
spare, aided by the militia of Canada, we could not
hope to defend successfully the Canadian frontier
in its present condition against an invasion, what
course are we prepared to adopt in the event of our
friendly relations with America being brought to a
close ? Do we intend fortifying the frontier or leav-
ing it in its present state 2 and if the former, what
steps are about being taken to carry that object into
effect ? Such were the questions raised in the de-
bate of last evening in the House of Commons.
When Mr. Cardwell stated, with considerable em-
phasis, that war with Canada would be war= -With-
England, he gave the fullest and most unequivocal
refutation to any suspicions which may have been
entertained of the intention of Great Britain to
abandon her dependency in the event of its being
invaded by the armies of the American States.
But, in truth, the question of the expediency of for-
tifying the Canadian frontier does not depend, as
Mr.:Forster would have us suppose, on the accu-
racy or inaccuracy of the opinions we may form of
the intentions of the American people, because no
State, with anypretentions to be considered powerful
or independent, should rely for the integrity of its
dominions on the forbearance which it may anti-
cipate at the hands of a foreign Power. It is not
what we suspect the American nation of intending to
do, but what it is capable of doing, which should
furnish the guide for our future conduct, and there-
fore conjectures attributing to it aggressive designs
are not only offensive but irrelevant. It must be
admitted that Mr. Seymour Fitzgerald introduced
the subject with great moderation, and contented
himself with an inquiry into what would be the
conduct of the Government, and what the defensive
resources of Canada in the event of a possible con-
tingency. The conduct pursued by ti.l‘. Amcric•an
Government in giving notice of their intention to
terminate the treaty regulating the naval force main-
tained by Great Britain and the United States on the
Lakes has not unnaturally excited some suspicions of
their future intentions ; and the member for Horsham
even went so far as to say that gun-boats were
being now built in English dockyards intended for
the service of the American Government on these
Lakes, for which no ostensible use could be assigned
except in the event of a war with Canada. Dis-
missing, however, any conclusions which might be
drawn either from the conduct of the Federal Go-
vernment or the language of the American press,
Mr. Fitzgerald simply accepted the report of Colonel
Jervois, and, assuming that the Canadian frontier
is as that officer represented it to be, in a defenceless
condition, pressed the Government for a declaration
of the course which they intended to adopt. It is
satisfactory to learn, on the authority of the Colo-
nial Secretary, that with the co-operation of the
Canadian people, the requisite defensive works may
be raised at a cost which the English nation will
not consider unreasonable. Whether the Americans
intend invading Canada or not, we have resolved on
not leaving such towns as Quebec and Montreal in
a condition which—regard being had to the recent

changes in the science of warfare—would properly
be regarded as absolutely defenceless. It is estimated
that the cost of fortifying Quebec will be £200,000,
of which sum it is proposed to ask for £50,000 in
the current year. The objections taken to so small
a vote—on the ground that the danger which
threatens Canada is imminent—were conclusively
answered by Mr. Cardwell. It would be impossible,
he told the House, to expend more than that sum
during the next twelve months ; but in the succeed-
ing year a vote for the balance would be taken, and the
works would most probably be completed within
two years from the time of their commencement.
The question of defending Canada is, however, as
he pointed out, not one for the mother country
alone. We may be under obligations to stand by
Canada in the hour of danger, but. the Canadians
are equally under obligations to defend themselves.
And it is but just to say that the Colonial Legisla-
ture do not attempt to ignore or to shirk this obvi-
ous duty.
,They have undertaken to provide for the
fortification of Montreal and for the erection of any
works which may be deemed necessary to the west-
ward of that town. Active preparations are also
being made for putting the militia in such a state
of efficiency as to enable the Government to have at
their command in the event of invasion a numerous
and well-appointed army, In a word, Great- Bri-
tain has resolved on continuing to make the cause
of Canada her own, and is determined, so long as
the colony acknowledges her supremacy, to regard
the invasion of its territory es an act of war against
herself. This, then, being the declared policy of the
British Government, nothing remains but to com-
mence and push forward towards completion with
all necessary speed those works which, in the opin-
ion of competent engineers, are considered necessary
for the defence of the Canadian frontier. Nothing,
as Mr. Seymour Fitzgerald justly observed, would
be more likely to provoke a war than a confession
on our part that we were unprepared for it, and we
may therefore regard the measures which we now
propose to adopt as the best guarantees for the pre-
servation of peace.