The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-22 00:00:00

IHE ARMY.

On Saturday, Col. J. W. Ormsby, commanding
the Royal Artillery at Shorncliffe, completed his
half-yearly inspection of the field battery, 9th
brigade, Royal Artillery, stationed at Chatham
garrison. After making a minute inspection of the
kits and accoutrements of the non-commissioned
°l6.",lers and men, who were drawn up in the
'oarrack square at Brompton for that purpose, Col.
Ormsby had the battery, together with the Arm-
strong guns, waggons, &c., marched to the Lines,
where the officers and men were put through an
extended course of field artillery movements, the
whole of which were most rapidly carried out.
On Saturday,
Major C. W. Burton, Second Lieu-
tenant W. D. Calder, and 53 non-commissioned
officers and men of the Chatham division of Royal
Marines left headquarters for Plymouth, to embark

on board the screw frigate Phcebe, 51, 500 horse
power, just commissioned for service in the Medi-
terranean.

By the death of Major-General J. Alves, on the
retired list, a pension for distinguished and merito-
rious service is placed at the disposal of his Royal
Highness the Commander-in-Chief,
The large martello tower which guarded the en•
trance to Chatham harbour has been entirely de-
molished, the removal of the fort having been ren-
dered necessary by the enlargement and extension
of Chatham dockyard, one of the proposed new
basins occupying the site on which the tower for-
merly stood. For several weeks past a number of
the sappers and miners of the Royal Engineers act-
ing under the direction of Col, Lovell, C. 8., the
principal director of field-works at the Royal En-
gineer establishment, have been employed in driving
the galleries in order to remove the tower by heavy
charges of gunpowder. The charges of powder
used on the occasion were each of 401 b. weight, dis-
tributed at equal distances beneath the foundations,
the whole being connected by wires. The explo-
sion was under the immediate direction of Captain
Scott, the head of the electrical department at the
Royal Engineers establishment. At a given signal
the electric spark was sent through the wires, and
in an instant after the base of the tower was seen
to force itself outwards, followed by the entire
structure rising bodily in the air and descending in
a shower of stones, bricks, and mortar, the effect
being exceedingly grand.

THE CIVIL WAR 1N AMERICA.

(From the Times' Correspondent.)
NEW YORK, SEPT. 9.

The Federal Government has lost more than
battles at Bull Rann and Centrevilie. It has lost
the confidence of the people, in itself, in its gene-
rals, in its conduct of the war, and in its whole
system of administration. At this moment there is
not a public man, from Mr. President Lincoln
downwards, in whom the country has the slightest
faith. Each member of the Cabinet, and each
general in the army, has doubtless his supporters
and partisans, his toadies and suppliants, who ex-
pect to profit by and through him ; but no single
individual in high office, civil or military, com-
mands the public esteem in any higher degree than
that of cold respect. With the capture of Baltimore
or Washington, both of which are probable, the
whole fabric of the Northern Government will be
shaken. Whether it will fall depends upon the
merest accident. Were there but half a Cromwell,
or one-quarter of a Bonaparte in the army, its over.
throw would be the easy result of a coup d'etat.
The President, his Cabinet, and his generals are at
variance, more or less envenomed with each other
and with their subordinates. The personal regard
which most people felt for Mr. Lincoln, as a quiet,
honest, unpretending man, placed in a situation the
most unenviable in the world, is fast giving place
to a feeling of angry discontent. The cry is for
energy, and not for good nature. If the President,
instead of continually " putting his foot down" to
maintain a friend in office, would put his foot up a
little oftener to expel a man of proved incapacity,
whether he were friend or foe, the public would be
better pleased. So suddenly has he fallen from the
pinnacle of popularity that people, undismayed by
the possible presence of one of the eavesdroppers of
the Provost Marshal, talk at street corners of his
glaring unfitness to guide the destinies of the
country, and some of the Abolitionist newspapers
openly call upon him to resign a post which neither
his natural talent nor his education qualifies him to
fill with dignity or usefulness.
Mr. Stanton is all but universally hated, as the
prime agent of thousands of illegal arrests in every
part of the country. Mr. Chase is thought an un-
safe Minister by every one unconnected with spe-
culations on the Stock-Exchange who has either
the time or the capacity to think about the matter.
Mr. Seward enjoys the small popularity he has
achieved on the sole strength of his presumed hos-
tility to Great Britain, and has lost to a great ex-
tent the confidence of the Republican party, in
which he was nurtured, by his gradual change of
view on the slavery question. The other Ministers
are dummies, whom nobody thinks it worth while
either to attack or defend. General M'Clellan,
though beloved by his soldiers, is distrusted by the
people as a commander, because he has fulfilled none
of the exaggerated expectations which were formed
of him, because whenever he has made an advance
it has been a mistake, and because the only suc-
cesses of which he can boast are skilful, but not al-
ways cheaply accomplished, retreats from positions
into which he ought never to have thrust himself.
General Halleck has done nothing to justify the
President's choiee in appointing him to the chief
command, and shares the blame and discredit of the
recent disasters, which every one expected that he
was nominated to prevent. General M‘Dowell,
damaged at the first battle of Bull Run, has been
ruined at the second and third, and, openly accused
of treachery, has been allowed a furlough of 15 days
that he may be out of the way of further mischief,
instead of being put on his trial, and honourably
acquitted if the accusation be false, and shot if it
be true. General Pope—who ought never with his
antecedents to have been intrusted with a chief
command—has proved to be the most egregious
mistake the President has made, and justified the
epigrammatic description of his "great brains,
great indolence, and great want of veracity," in every
item but the first. These estimates of their leading
men are formed by Americans themselves, are cir-
culated in every society and percolate through the
newspapers, in spite of the Provost-Marshal, the
War-office, and the censorship. To add to the
confusion, General Pope whom nobody be-
lieves, who accuses three of his subordinate
generals of disobedience, or worse ; and
who is himself accused by public opinion of fatal
incapacity, is removed by the President from the
command of the army of Virginia, and appointed to
the command of the army of the North-West ; while
the three Generals, who, if his allegations were true,
ought to be shot, and who, whether they be true or
false, 'ought to be tried by court-martial, are ap-
pointed by General M'Clellan, with the consent
and approbation of General Halleck and the Presi-
dent, to important commands in the army with
which M'Clellan is 'moving from Washington to
expel, if he can, the victorious legions of the South
from the pleasant fields and rich granaries of sym-
pathising Maryland. And while this demoralisa-
tion exists in the upper ranks of the civil and mili-
tary service it is less wonderful than deplorable
that a similar demoralization spreads to the lower.
Even in this utmost extremity of the national dan-
ger, runaway " officers" are captured by "hun-
dreds" in Alexandria and Washington and marched
off in disgrace—not to prison nor to be shot by
drumhead sentence—but to the army which they
disgrace, and which their cowardice may destroy.
The same letters, published in all the New York
papers, which narrate these facts, report that not
three-fourths of all the thousands of sick and
wounded men who make sickness and wounds thel
plea of transport from the scene of battle are recas-p9
sick; that they sham disease and injury
and
t
service, and that such is the confusion
that want
control that pervades all department:;
,r
soldier is but to go on board a
Cl°v--NnessYork or
port to be conveyed, unquestioned,
Philadelphia. When such is the condition of affairs
South,
strong in its
7-
it is not surprising that tan 0011
d strong also in its
patriotic unity of purpose,
and
the North and
desperation, should advance
the
itse North,f, unableweak
t ob rya itsis e
carry all before
m iistt,rour;fhatiatof
own divisions, numbers by
suffiven.piling up
volunteers in • sheaves of green-backs, afraid
bounty money In
onscription, sacrificed by in-
to enforce the c
competency,' and suspecting treachery in its best
ea well as in his worst generals, should stagger like
of course, that a
3 drunken mat It is possible,

reaction may take place, and that M'Clellan, with
the troops at his command—veterans who have con-
fidence in him, if in none else—may meet the Con-
federates on the soil of Maryland and defeat them.
But if this is to be done, it must be done quickly.
The moments are precious, and thousands of
people who have a blind but passionate faith in the
Union—who look upon that and that alone as the
thing worth fighting for, who care nothing about
slavery, and little about principles of Government,
would hail the presence of Mr. Jefferson Davis as a
conqueror at Washington, if he would assume the
Presidency of the whole Union with an amended
constitution, based upon that of the Montgomery
Convention, and so reunite South and North on a
pro-slavery basis. Boston in such a contingency,
would, perhaps, re-enact the part of Charleston ;
and Massachusetts would become the South Carolina
of a new Secession ; but a large and growing party
in New York and the Middle States would rejoice
at such a solution of the difficulty, and at the oppor-
tunity of turning against the Abolitionists and
against the New England States the arguments
which these have employed against the South, and
of forcing them back into the Union with fire,
sword, proscription, and extermination, such as they
themselves have recommended in Louisiana and the
Carolinas.
Although the perilous position of Washington,
the possession of the State capitals of Maryland and
Kentucky by the Confederate aemies, the danger
that menaces both Cincinnati and Louisville, and
the possibility that an attack on General Butler at
New Orleans has led to the recapture or the de-
struction of that city, are events or surmises of such
stupendous importance as to throw all minor mat-
ters into the shade, yet many of these are of a
character to claim the earnest attention both of
Americans and Europeans. In the revolutions of
most countries it has been found that the tyranny of
Governments increases in proportion to the danger
of the State, This has also been the case here.
Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Stanton, unable to touch the
"treason" of the Southern leaders, have displayed
what energy they possessed in acts of oppression
against very small traitors, oily occasionally ven-
turing to arrest an antagonist of note—such as
General Stone, who was kept in captivity for a
twelvemonth, without any specific allegation against
his loyalty or his honour, and then discharged with-
out trial ; or Mr. Pierre Soule, of New Orleans, who
is still a close prisoner in Fort Lafayette, for real
or supposed offences, of the nature of which he has
never been informed. But in consequence of indi-
cations—neither few nor faint—arriving at Wash-
ington from all points of the compass within the last
fortnight that the frantic desire of the Northern
people to subdue the South, and hold it on the prin-
ciple that England holds Gibraltar and Malta, had
not entirely driven out of their minds the love of
their own liberty, the Government seems to have
made a pause in its career of illegality. The arbi-
trary arrests so constantly made were not suffered
to pass without remonstrance. Mr. Ingersoll, who
was arrested the other day in Philadelphia, and
who would undoubtedly have been consigned to
Fort M'Henry or Fort Lafayette, to pine for months
if not until the conclusion of the war, without trial,
has been suddenly released, because it came to the
knowledge of Mr. Lincoln that the people of Phila-
delphia, irrespective of party, were indignant at the
outrage on the liberty of free discussion which had
been committed in his case, and were organising a
mass meeting to protest against it. The 10 insur-
ance brokers arrested in this city have in like man-
ner been discharged, after a week's detention in
Fort Lafayette—not because the Government was
unwilling to keep them in durance, but because the
arrest was too much for the patience of the people
or the subservience of the press to tolerate. Go-
vernor Olden, of New Jersey, remains firm in his
determination to maintain the laws of that State,
invaded by the illegal detention of Colonel Wall ;
and the civil authorities of Vermont arc in open con-
flict with the Provost-Marshal and the Secretary of
War. This last case is perhaps the most important of
the many that have occurred. It shows that even in
New England, which has done so much to support
the Government, and which has sent so many
thousands of unreasoning patriots to perish in pes-
tilential swamps and useless battle-fields, there is a
determination to resist the encroachment of arbi-
trary power, and to make a struggle for the liberties
of the Republic. Three persons, named Lyman,
Barney, and Field, were, it appears, arrested by
the Provost-Marshal a month ago, at a place called
Jericho, near Burlington, in Vermont, on a charge
of disloyalty, and committed to prison. Applica-
tion was made on behalf of Mr, Field to Judge
Smalley, who thereupon issued a writ of habeas
corpus to the Provost-Marshal, returnable on the
28th of August. That functionary, not knowing
what course to adopt, telegraphed to Washington
for instructions, and received a reply from the
Judge-Advocate, by order of the Secretary of War,
to the effect that he should pay no attention to the
habeas corpus for the liberation of Lyman, Barnes,
and Field, and that if any attempt were made to
rescue them he should resist to the utmost, and
transmit to the Secretary at War the names of all
concerned. The Marshal thought it expedient to
appear, though without his prisoners. He was
accompanied by his counsel, and pleaded the orders
of the Secretary of War in justification of his re-
cusancy. The Judge held that the Secretary of
War had no power to suspend the execution of the
writ, and that it was a grave question whether the
President himself could exercise it without the posi-
tive sanction of Congress. Declining to enter upon
the question at that time, he directed the Marshal
to produce the men within four hours, adding that;
if he refused the Court would issue a further order
requiring him and the Sheriff to show cause, at the
next term of the Circuit Court on the 3d October,
why an attachment should not be issued
against
them for contempt. The Marshal failed to produce
prisoners, and, unless the Government shall in the
meantime be wise enough to back out of the conflict,
the case will enter into its second stage at the date
appointed. Most likely the Government will give
way. It strives to strike terror, but, not having the
it knows to be
courage to persevere in a course that
eotthheerdecisive
illegal, it always breaks down feeling
moment without having inspiredbefnoY.r
mould seem from a
than anger and contempt. It wn morning that
FWar Gazette published
eusgh not a moment too
Mr. h Stanton is alarmed, terday
itBProceedings in this and
soon, at the violence of ,as a h
misgiving that it may
other cases, and that he se
oat of office, however
fare ill with him ; when .
is of the President , if he do
o
broad may be the aegis °o
the Constitution. The
not return to the paths
the Judge-Advocate states
document signed
thebelnrolment of the militia, and
the quota of Volunteers having
truthfully th
that.
" the necessity
untruthfully,
completed 1n the several States,
enforcement of the orders of the War
been
for stringent
in resect to volunee
iDogepnaort and
longer exists," and that forring the future " ar-
reststs for violation of these orders and for disloyal
practices are only to be made upon express warant
of the Judge-Advocate, or by direction of the mili-
tary commander or Governor of the State in which
such arrests may take place." Had this order been
issued a month ago Messrs. Barnes, Lyman, and
Field might have escaped captivity. Under the
circumstances of Mr. Stanton's repentance it is not
easy to see how they can be detained. This morning
it is further announced that the Judge-Advocate
has received instructions to visit Fort Lafayette,

examine the prisoners, and discharge such of them
as he pleases. Time will show whether some of them
will not be able to call Mr. Stanton to account be-
fore the legally established tribunals of the country
for the wrong they have suffered.

The number of visitors to Ostend this season
seems likely to exceed that of the exceptional year 1357.
On the let October of that year the number attained was
15,000; in the present year at the present time 14,64 d
have been Walled'

SOUTH AMA RICA.
((Per French mail steamer Estrt. 41111" r zAR-4
deaux.) r.
*7
BUENOS AYRES, AUGI7
Since the sailing of the British 1 'ticket Congress 11
has been so engrossed in the capital question that
all measures of an industrial nature are brought to
a stand-still.
Senor Riestra, responding to the appeal of the
governor and of the whole canmere ial body, both
foreign and native, in this city, has- resumed office
as Minister of Hacienda.

Specie immediately fell, and painer .resumed its
former value; owing, however, to the, prolonged
discussion in Congress as to the qul/4estion of the
capital and the efforts made by a party whose
actions are in direct hostility to the int( ?rust of busi-
ness, the money market has been subj ect, to con-
siderable fluctuations. From the intt?riot. of the
provinces there are large remittances of specie and
produce.
...
Nearly all our importers are holders of Federal
Gb'igations, Which have been hypothecated to them
as security for the goods they sold to the provincial
trade; these 490frients, as evidences or debt by a
defunct government, arc now being recognised by
the present, and in a few days it is expected the in-
terest and 21 per cent. of the principal will be paid.
The honest, straightforward manner in which the
present government has met not only its own lia-
bilities, but also those of Parana, has gained for it
the countenance and support of all influential
foreigners ; and the petition signed by our city mer-
chants in favour of Senor Riestra's financial scheme
is unprecedented in the bistory of the Argentine
Republic.
Some slight disturbances have occurred in Cata-
marca. The province of Santiago interfered im-
properly, and as dangerous complications might
ensue the President elect has dispatched General
Roja to arrange pending difficulties.
There has been a revolt in Coorientes, but it is
not against the nation, merely a conspiracy of the
actual party in power to substitute another go-
vernor in place of Pampin. Gen. Mitre has, how-
ever, thought it necessary to inculcate order by
sending the Minister of War with troops to the
scene of action. General Urquiza has also pro-
mised aid in suppressing the mutiny.
Our produce market, which had been consider-
ably depressed by the unfavourable news from
Europe, has shown greater animation this fort-
night than for some time past.
Currency has experienced no sensible fluctuation
since last mail. The price to-day is 422. Present
rates of exchange are—Bolivian silver, 21 per oz ;
England, 652 to 65; France, 82 811, 814. i ; Antwerp,
811 to 812; Hamburgh, no transactions; Genoa,
8l1; Spain, 3 per cent. prem. ; United States, 1.,c
per cent. dis.

RIO DE JANEIRO, AUGUST 25.
There has been but a limited supply of provi-
sions imported.
Exchange on London opened on the 12th at 261
to 261 ; after arrival of this steamer (Estremadure)
prices remain firm at 26i.' to 261, closing at these
quotations; France, 356 re. to 364 rs. ; Ilamburgh,
680 rs.

BAHIA, AUGUST 28.

Sugar has been in fair demand ; prices are firm.
No sales of coffee of importance have been effected,
but holders are demanding higher prices ; the last
sales of Nazareths was at mils. 5,700. Small lots
of cocoa have been disposed of.

Freights for the Channel and British ports 47s 6d
and 458. per ton. Exchange has varied between
261, 261. and 261 ; on Paris 36 srs. Transactions
by the Estremadure amount to 50,000. In the im-
port market last sales of Irish butter, 680 rs. and
660 rs. per pound; French ditto, 530 rs. to 520 rs.
per pound.

PERNAMBUCO, AUGUST 30.

The greatest part of the present crop of sugar
having been sent to market earlier than usual, the
stock at the sugar estates are almost exhausted,
and the new sugar cannot appear at market before
October. Quotations for white and yellow qualities
are nominal, as there is no stock at hand.

Freights.—There are but few vessels in port ;
produce is scarce, and only one charter effected for
Liverpool at 225. 6d. per ton. For sugar, ballast,'
and cotton, 14d. per pound. In exchange about
£50,000 has been negotiated on London at 263- per
milrie ; and 100,000 f. on Paris, at 360 rs. per
franc, all at 90 days' sight.
_ _

MONTEVIDEO, AUGUST 16.
The Senate has adopted the Anglo-French con-
vention.

THE CONDITION OF GARIBALDI.

A private letter has been received from Mr. P. A.
Taylor, M.P., dated Spezzia, Sept. 17 ; the follow-
ing extracts from which have been forwarded to us
for publication :
"We went by boat to the fortress this morning, some fivo
miles off. The general's room and surroundings are too
barrack-like for any idea of comfort as an Englishman un-
derstands it, but to a soldier these things neither seem nor
are what they would both seem and be to us under similar
conditions ; still I think there is too much bustle, too many
managers and so forth. I felt a want to put a despot there,
who should rule with a firm hand and with unseen and un-
heard authority—a Florence Nightingale or a Jessie Mario.
The main elements, however, of interest and affection are
evidently there, and probably to hardly any other man
could the little overmuch of bustle be so innocuous ; his
calm, his wonderful serenity of demeanour seem not to heed,
still less to be excited by the surroundings.
" When Mr. Partridge went into his room to examine the
wound, &c.. I remained in an ante-room, not liking to add
another to the already sufficient number. Presently, how-
ever—the examination being over—Garibaldi sent for me,
v mo
np
dr ee sr sf iuoinseprrel ut
yc d theactam,
cmo
ao
rmt
ceonut
s, ana
ndd
and held out his hand. I have already given you above
in two worthadstanethrk_fid for the least service rendered by any ofe
trreanturgniuung;
his attendants ; an utter absence of anything like the
peevishnessyet without any appearance
of pressure
atreorofthaosulfexeerrcinisge man,
facnontrol over himself. It was
an atmosphere of moral elevation.
"I expressed in a few words the profound sympathy
we all feel for and with him, and which I felt justified in
saying was shared by all England. He thanked me
warmly, or rather earnestly, and said it was not the first
time ho haFl had to express his thanks to my country.
expressed also the hope that ho would be able to main-
tain that quiet and rest so essential to his early recovery,
as Italy and all of us would have much need of him. He
acquiesced, and presently pointed to a seat by the bed,
hoping I would ' pardon that he could not talk much.'
The doctors soon concluded their consultation, and we took
leave.
"He appears loss ill than I was prepared to find him,
but his limbs are, they say, much fallen away. Whilst we
were there he was supporting himself in a sitting posture
by grasping a rope stretched above him. He can bear no
motion of the leg without great suffering, and there is evi-
dence that the necessity of remaining in one posture is pro-
ducing that soreness so distressing to the invalid. A kind
lady, Mrs. Schwabe, has already obtained a water bed from
Paris,andit is also to obviate this danger that I asked you
to send out
the surgical apparatus mentioned in my
telegram.

" The injury consists of a gunshot wound, half an inch
in length, over the internal ankle, which has been broken
off and the joint laid open. Some portion of the garments
were driven into the wound, but the ball did not enter. The
wound is free from inflammation, and the patient is, as
regards his general health, in a not unsatisfactory condition.
The great necessity is perfect quiet.
" There have been rumours of an intention on the part of
the Government to move him. It can be but foolish
rumour. There can be no such intention. It would be
murder. Months must elapse before the injury can be
cured ; and there is fear that there may remain a stiff joint.
The appearance of the wound is healthy, and the suppura-
tion is also free and satisfactory. His condition is a little
under the mark, and I think Mr. Partridge will gradually
try if ho cannot stand a more generous diet. 'there has
been no bleeding, which is a mercy ; merely the application
of leeches.
5' 4'`

" The Government are acting very unwisely in main-
taining—as I hear in several quarters they are—much
mystery about Garibaldi's condition. I have seen a gentle-
man from Naples, who says that much irritation prevails
in the south, and especially in Sicily, under the idea that
their hero is being intentionally neglected, lam persuaded
that there is no ground for this. Two or three of hie medi-
cal attendants are personal friends and fellovv-prisoners, so
that there is not room for such suspicion, and the conduct
I have referred to on the part of the Government is the
more incomprehensible and

Gretry's pretty operetta," Zemire and Azor,,,
principalharacter, in which she made a de-
c
has just been revive da the Opera-Comique, with
Baretti in the
cidedly favourable impreealion, and promibes to 1,,
oCome a
valuable acquisition,