The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-04 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,--The number of liberated convicts now
turned loose among the public must be very great,
and surprise et their renewed depredations is very
small, for the evils of the system have long been
apparent, and the danger arising from them most
earnestly deprecated. .

I for one am disposed to give every credit to those
who, in the first instance, made the experiment,
because they deserve thanks for trying to reform
the criminal by a measure of kindness ; but the
plan having signally failed, it should have been
given up as a bad job long ago, for it is but acting
a grim farce tD sentence a robber to transportation
one day and set him at liberty the next; tin; trial
is a mete mockery if thieves are put into prison at
one door and let out again at another. Such dis-
regard of the solemn sentence of the law is a slur
on the judge, a sneer on the jury, and a❑ outrage
on society.—l have the honour to be, Sir, your
most obedient servant,
GEORGE ELLIS.
August 3, 1862.

Her Majesty will return to Windsor, from Scot-
land, on the 28th or 29th inst., and intends to remain at the
Castle from two to six days, previous to taking her de, ar-
ture for Germany.—Court Journal.
The Prince of Wales is residing at his Birkham
estate, a few miles distant from Balmoral, which had been
purchased by the Prince Consort and left to the Prince of
Wales by his late father.—Court Journal.
The departure of his Highness the Viceroy of
Egypt from Greenhithe has been delayed a short time,
owing to some unexpectel alterations in the interior of his
yacht having become necessary.
His Serene Highness the Prince Henri de Reuss
left the Portland Hotel, Southsea, on Friday for Brighton.
His Highness Prince Radzi will and the Marquis
de Beaufort have arrived at the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-
street, from Paris.
The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland have left
Stafford House, St. James's, for Trentham.
The Duke of Beaufort arrived in town on Satur-
day from Goodwood, and in the evening left for Bad-
minster, on his way to his seat in Wales.
[heir Excellencies the Duke and Duchess of
Fiamo have returned to Thomas's Hotel, Berkeley-square,
from Scotland.
The Duchess of Argyll and family left Argyll
Lodge, Kensington, on Saturday, for Inverary Castle,
Argyllshire. The noble duke leaves for the north on the
prorogation of Parliament.
The Duke and Duchess de Croix have left the
Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-street, for Scotland.
The Earl and Countess of Derby left St. James's
square on Saturday for Knowsley-park, near Liverpool, for
the season. The Earl returned to town from Goodwood
early the same day as he departed for his country seat.
The Earl of Glasgow, Lord de Lisle and Dudley
and Mr. and Mrs. Ashley Cooper, have arrived at the St.
George's Hotel
The Countess de Grey and Ripon returned to
town on Friday, from visiting the Countess Cowper, at
Wrest Park, Bedfordshire.
Lord and Lady Poltimore have left the St.
George's Hotel.
Lord and Lady Stanley of Alderley and Hon.
Miss Stanley, left Dover-street on Saturday for Carlsbad.
The noble lord and lady intend to be absent about two
months in Germany.
The Hon. Mrs. Vanneck and the Countess Anna
de Gersdorff have left Thomas's Hotel, Berkeley-square, for
Llandudno.
Sir Augustus and Lady Webster left town on
Saturday for Rose Hill, Hampshire.
Gen. and Lady Sarah Lindsay and family have
left town for Germany.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Mrs.
Gladstone left town on Saturday afternoon for Hawarden
Castle, Chester.
It is understood that Sir Charles Wood will soon
ba relieved from his official attendance on the Queen at
Balmoral as Secretary of State, and that he will be suc-
ceeded by Sir George Grey. The Home Secretary will
most probably take his departure from town for this duty
on Monday, if he can be safely relea.,ed from his attendance
in Parliament.—Court Journal.
A Cabinet Council was held on Saturday at the
official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury in
Downing-street. The Ministers present were—Viscount
Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, the Duke of Argyll, Sir
George Grey, Earl Russell, the Duke of Newcastle, Sir G.
C. Lewis, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Duke of
Somerset, the Right lion. T. Milner Gibson, the Right
Hon. Edward Cardwell, Lord Stanley of Alderley, and the
Right Hon. C. P. Villiers.
THE SPEAKER AND THE DISTRESS IN LANCA-
SHIRE.—The Speaker of the House of Commons has sent
the following letter to Colonel Wilson Patten, M.P., the
treasurer of the Bridgewater House Subscription:—
" House of Commons, July 30.—My dear Mr. Wilson
Patten,—l propose to go for a few weeks on the continent.
I could not be satisfied to leave the country without 'hav-
ing done something towards the relief of those now suffering
in Lancashire, and who are so worthy of all our sympathies.
I therefore offer you a contribution of £soo.—Yours truly,
J. EVELYN DENISON."
We have to announce the death of Mrs. George

Lamb, sister of Admiral Sir Augustus Clifford, and sister-
in•law of Lady Palmerston, who died on Thursday at her
villa at Richmond. She married 17th of May, 1809, the
Hon. George Lamb, youngest son of Peniston, first Viscount
Melbourne, and brother of the last two viscounts.

NUMEROUS FlRES.—During last night and this
morning several fires took place, which kept the firemen
actively employed for some hours. The first was at 14,
High. street, Notting-hill, where two children were rescued
by the fire escape, but the premises were nearly destroyed.
Considerable damage was done to a cheesmongees at 15,
Battle-street, Tabernacle-square; to a rope and twine mer-
chant's at 202, Bethnal-green-road ; the harness room and
stables of Mr. Strange, Manor-street,
Chelsea, mere gutted ;
and the shop and fixtures at 4, Crown-street, Walworth-
road, were destroyed.
THE ALARMING INCREASE OF GAROTTING IN
THE METItOPOLIS.—On Saturday afternoon orders wera
circulated round the whole of the districts of the metropo
tanpolice, by the authority of Sir R. Mayne, from Gz eat
Scotland-yard, giving instructions to the various superin-
tendents for an additional supply of constables for night
duty,
Owing to the extraordinary increase of highway rob-
beries, cases of garrotting, and daring acts of violence,
several of which have terminated fatally. The constables
will be considerably augmented in numbers, and will be
visited by their superior officers at frequent periods during
the night, for the suppression of such daring outrages,
which have become so much on the increase during the
last few months.

THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA AND HIS SOLDI FRS,—
The St. Petersburg correspondent of the _lndependence
relates the following, which he says was communicated to
him by an officer who was an eyewitness :—" An officer of
the regiment Ismailolski, having endeavoured to excite the
soldiers to revolt was seized by them. The Emperor was
informed of the fact. On the eve of the festival of the regi-
ment he came amongst them as usual. He called the officers
around him, and in an impressive tone he expressed his
astonishment that a traitor should have been found in a
regiment which he had always particularly distinguished,
of which he formed a part, and which he esteemed and loved
above all. Thcn, referring to himself, he asked what they
had to reproach him with? Had he not devoted himself
entirely to the interests of the country ? Was he not
working night and day for its progress and prosperity ?
What more did they desire ? Let them speak out. On
hearing these words, all the officers gave expression to the
most devoted sentiments; they said that for one wretch a
whole regiment ought not to be condemned, and kissing
the hands and dress of the Emperor they renewed their oath
of fidelity. The scene was truly touching."
THE METROPOLITAN RAILWAY.—The
prepara-
tions for running the first train through from Paddington
to Victoria-street were nearly completed on Saturday, and
there the permanent way will, doubtless, be sufficiently
finished to enable the directors to go over the line this day,
preparatory to the half-yearly meeting, which will take
place to-morrow. The water is now out of the tunnel, and
nearly the whole of the ballast for the permanent way is
down. The stations at King's-cross and Victoria-street
are r&PidlY Progressing towards con:Tit:Ai=

LATEST NEWS.

CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

QUEENSTOWN, AUG. 2.

The royal mail steam-chip Europa, from Boston
on the 23d and Halifax on the 25th inst., arrived
here at 4.30 p.m.

She brings 103,405 dole. and 82 passengers. She
landed 67 sacks of mails and five passengers, and
proceeded at 6 p.m. ; all well.
(Per Europa, via Boston and Roehe's Point.)
NEW YORK, JULY 22, EVENING.
The enlistments continue somewhat inactive.
Vigorous efforts and further inducements to volun-
teering continue to be made.
A portion of General Pope's command has made
a descent upon the Virginia Central Railroad, 35
miles from Richmond, destroyed the railroad, the
telegraph line, and a quantity of Confederate :stores.

Great excitement prevails at Nashville. The
Federal pickets have been driven in, and the Con-
federates are reported to be within five miles of

that city.

The arrival of the Confederate ram at Vicksburg
is confirmed; also that she succeeded in getting
under the batteries at Vicksburg.

Arrangements have been concluded for a general
exchange of prisoners.

President Lincoln has issued an order forbidding
military commanders from exacting the oath of
allegiance from foreigners. In all cases where an
alien is deprived of his liberty a full account of the
circumstances must be sent to the War Department
for the consideration of the State Department.
The Governor of Ohio has issued a proclamation
to the effect that if the quota of troops demanded
is not raised in 40 days he will resort to draughting.
Federal military Governors have been appointed
for Louisiana and Arkansas.

At the request of the British Government General
Butler has recognised Mr. Coppell, the British act-
ing Consul at New Orleans.
A street riot has occurred at New Orleans in con-
sequence of the arrest of a woman wearing a Seces-
sion badge.

The British steamer Adela has been captured east

of Abaco.

The New York and City of Washington have

arrived out.

The Asia was intercepted off Cape Race on the

the 21st inst.

(By Telegraph to Halifax and from Queenstown.
NEW YORK, JULY 24, EVENING.

Much public despondency exists, and the people
appear inclined to take more gloomy views of the
position of affairs than at any time since the com•
mencement of the struggle.

The popular confidence in General M'Clellan
appears shaken by the late events before Richmond,
and many of his admirers now assert that he is not
the man of action.

All coin of any description has almost entirely
disappeared as a circulating medium, and postage
stamps of all denominations are generally employed
for small change. The public freely accept them
as currency; many articles of daily use are, how -
ever, advanced in price.
Some anxiety exists to hear the comments in
Europe upon the news of the Federal check before
Richmond.

General Halleck has been officially appointed as
General-in-Chief to command all the land forces of
the United States.

The appointment has been favourably received
by the public.
President Lincoln has issued a proclamation au-
thorising the military commanders to seize and use
for the Federal army all property, real and personal,
in the Confederate States which may be necessary
for military purposes, but not otherwise. Property
may be destroyed for military purposes, but not
otherwise. The military and naval commanders
shall employ as many negroes for labourers as can
be advantageously used for military or naval pur,
poses, and pay them wages.
Reinforcements for General M'Clellan continue
to arrive at Fort Monroe.

Interesting news has been received from Geteral
M'Clellan's head-quarters. A portion of General
Pope's command had a successful skirmish with the
Confederate cavalry beyond Fredericsburgb, burnt
their camp, and cptnrad some stores.

An unsuccessful attempt has been made by the
Federal fleet at Vicksburg to destroy the Confede-
rate ram lately arrived at that place.
The Mississippi has fallen so low that the Federal
flotilia before Vicksburg is unable to act.

The Confederates under General Morgan, in
Kentucky, have retreated before the Federels, and
passed through Cumberland Gap into Tennessee:
The Confederates are reported to have retired
from before Nashville, and the fears of an attack
upon that city have subsided.

The Confederates after a severe fight have cap-
tured Greenville, Missouri.

The Governor of Missouri has issued orders for
the organization of the entire Militia of Missouri,
to resist the Confederate guerilla incursions.

It is asserted that the Confederates demand the
surrender of the Federal General Butler, for the
alleged murder of Mr. Mumford at New Orleans,
and that they threaten to hang General M'Call if
refused.

The Africa has arrived out.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Money abundant. Gold has declined to 17 per
cent. premium. Exchange, 130, unsettled and
lower. Stocks inactive. Cotton flat and lower.
Breadstuff's lower.

QUEENSTOWN, AUG. 3.

The Royal Mail steamship Scotia arrived here at
8 a.m. to-day. She embarked mails and pas-
sengers, with the latest telegrams, and proceeded
for New York at 4 p.m. ; all well.

MEXICO.
(Per Europa, by Telegraph to Halifax and from
Queenstown.)

NEW YORK, JULY 24, EVENING.
Intelligence from Mexico, received here via
Panama, says :

ig Two French steamers were at Acapulco.
"The Mexicans had erected a battery on an
elevation out of range of the steamers' guns with
the intention of driving off the steamers."

PARIS, AtrG. 4,
The Paris papers of this morning publish the
following message :

" BELGRADE, AUG. 3.
" Contrary to the decision arrived at by the Con-
ference upon the affairs of Servia, the Turks are
constructing redoubts outside the fortress of Bel-
grade.

Two thousand nizams (regular troops) have ar-
rived at Belgrade by way of the Danube, having
been embarked upon Austrian bolts."

TURIN, AUG. 3.
In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies
discussion upon the bills for the Neapolitan Rail-
ways was continued.

The Minister of rinall°°) Signor Baotoggi, stated

that he considered the engagement of the promoters
of the scheme to undertake the works immediately
as being meant literally, and declared that he ac-
cepted the modifications of the bill proposed by the
Committee.

The Minister of Public Works spoke in defence
of the GovernMent measure.

The discussion will be resumed to-morrow.

PLYMOUTH, AuG. 4.
The John Banks, Captain Walsh, from Sydney on
the 10th April, with wool and hides, and bound for
London, passed up the Channel last night. She
rounded Cape Horn on May 22d, and crossed the
Line June 2d.

She landed here Dr, Geoghegan, Roman Catholic
Bishop of Adelaide, and three other passengers.

PROCLAMATION OF GARIBALDI.
TURIN, AUG. 3.
The following proclamation has been issued by
Garibaldi, dated Bois Fienzi:—

" Young Comrades,—The holy cause of our
country unites us again to-day. Without asking
where we are going, with smiles upon your lips,
you have hastened hither to fight against arrogant
foreign rulers. I ask only of Providence to preserve
me your confidence. I can promise nothing but
toils and troubles, but confidently rely upon your
self-denial; for well do I know you, oh mutilated
remnant of glorious battles ! It is unnecessary to
ask of you bravery in the fight; but I must ask you
to preserve discipline, ithout which no army can
exist. The Romans by their discipline were en-
abled to become the masters of the world. Strive
to gain the affections of the people, as you knew
how to do in 1860, as well as the esteem of our
valiant army, in order to bring about the unity of
the country. Upon this occasion also the brave
Sicilians will be the forerunners of the great desti-
nies to which the couutry is called.

" GARIBALDI."

The French have reoccupied the positions upon
the Roman frontiers which they had recently

evacuated.

AUG. 3, AFTERNOON.
The King has issued the following proclama-

tioi :--

" To my people,—At the time when Europe is
rendering homage to the wisdom of the nation it
is painful to see young people carried away by
illusions, and, forgetful of the duty of gratitude due
to our best allies, make of the name of Rome—that
name which is the desire of all—the signal for war.
When the hour for the accomplishment of the enter-
prise shall arrive, the voice of the King will make
itself heard. Every other summons is that of re-
bellion and of civil war. The responsibility and
the rigour of the law will fall upon those who will
not listen to my words. I shall know bow to pre-
serve the dignity of the Crown and of Parliament,
in order to have the right of demanding from the
whole of Europe justice for Italy."

NAPLES, AUG. 2 (Evening).
Garibaldi has left for the province of Corleone, in

Sicily.

The following proclamation has been issued by
the provisional Prefect of Palermo :

" Fermentation has agitated the public mind for
some time past. A report has been spread that the
Government does not disapprove the events which
have occurred. Respect for the laws has alone pre-
vented its opposing them by force. Now, however,
that the meetings, by taking up arms, Lava assumed
a military character, they are forbidden by the
laws of the Government. Citizens are warned to
beware of this. Let those who have yielded to de-
lusion return to their homes. The Government

cannot renounce its mission—cannot permit any
name, however dear to their country, to usurp the
prerogatives of Victor Emmanuel, the King chosen
by the nation."

THE BRAZILS.

L 1 BON, AUG. 2.

The Royal Mail steamer Magdalena, from Rio
Janeiro, on the Ilth ult., was to leave this port for
Southampton, at 2 p.m., to-day, with 73 passen-
gers, £1,339 in specie, 2,700 packages of tobacco,
250 of tapioca, and 204 packages of sundries.

BUENOS AYRES, JULY 2.

Exchange, 655. 6d. Ounces, 426 dole,

Wet salted ox hides, 421; reals; dry hides (Ame-
rican), 43 to 44 reals; wool, 85 dols. to 95 dols.;
tallow, 17 reals.

Politics without change.

MONTEVIDEO.

The number of beasts killed at Montevideo was
485,500; at Buenos Ayres, 273,950; at Entrerios,
196,000 ; and 325,000 at Rio Grande. Total,
1,114,000.
Exchange 401 d.
Wet salted ox hides, 65 reels; dry hides (Ame-
rican),s6-1 reals; tallow, 20 reals.