The Sun.
London, England, 1862-07-07 00:00:00

THEIPSUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JULY_ 7, 1862.

THE SUN,
LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 7, 1862.

We have a great deal of writing on and about
America by the Africa, but not many new facts.
Even of the battle just fought near Charleston, re-
ported first to be one " with great loss on both sides,"
we have only the additional information that the
Confederates claim the Victory—a claim we had
little doubt they would be enabled to make from the
former account. We ought to be satisfied on behalf
of General M'CLELLAN, for he seems to be very
well satisfied himself. We learn from him that he
is advancing step by step, the ground contested,
every foot of it, by the Confederates, still he says I
the pickets of the left of his army have been consi-
derably advanced, f:nat after a sharp resistance,
lIEINTZEL3fAN and. HOOPER were where ho wished
them to be, and that he had gained an important
position. He appears to be working strictly ac-
cording to rule, hazarding nothing, pushing
on his
works gradually to besiege the place, and
paying
little attention to clever surprises bywhieh the enemy
must yet harrass him not a little. Whether, any-
where, the Federals provided the 4th of July ora_
tors with a topic for military glorification of the
North,the accounts just received do not enable us to
guess ; they all look the other way.
The North is showing vigour in Congress, in
creating paper money, imposing taxes, and confis-
cating the slaves of rebels. It has agreed to the
Secretary of State's demand for £30,000,000 more
of demand notes, and finally passed the tax bill.
Amongst other taxes is one after the Turkish
fashion, on what should be it,s chief export, cotton..
For the benefit of New 2ngland manufact,.,rere,
it is to pay half a cent (sine farthing) per
The
per-ceniage is, howe cer, on the
pre.
sent price •; and if it were much, larger it wwild
all go towards the, ercourwKerneut ultimately of
Indian grog.. th Perhc.ps nothing better could
happen for India than a tax of cent per cent laid on
An'Ticsll cotton by Americans themselves. In
that tts'4e, all manufacturing nations would com-
bine to
Encourage Indian growth. It is exceed-
int; ly difficult to make out anything like the truth
respecting what flat Confederates are doing with
their cotton. One account assures us that a planter
has burned .£25,000 Worth of
his cotton—another,
that only the exasperated bands of defeated Con-
federate soldiers have burned some city stores
—then, again, that Memphis is actually shipping
cotton to the North. We suspect the truth to be
that none has been destroyed, except such as the

Federal trzoops would be certain to seize as prize,
and appropriate to rewarding themselves. If even
the P.:deral generals would purchase a planter's
crop, why should he refuse to sell it ? The money
would do him and his State more service than the
cotton would do the Federals. It could even be
I used for the purchase of arms.

General BUTLER, at New Orleans, is reported
also to be proceeding with his harsh vigour. The
last account of him is that he actually hung a respect-
able eitizen for the very great offence of being pre-
sent, though it is affirmed not taking an
actual part, in hauling down, the Federal flag
As if blood only, not a temporary imprisonment,
must atone for such a crime! This was a fair
sequel to his proclamation, and his defence of pro-
claiming respectable ladies, who might be unable
to restrain their indignant glances at Federal
soldiers, to be on a level with the women who
welcomed strange soldiers with amatory looks
and mercenary caresses ! Now we are told
that this man who has not been recalled
by Mr. LINCOLN, has sentenced " an Alderman, and
a gentleman, who was chairman of the Ladies Re-
lief Committee, to hard labour with ball and chain
in Fort Jackson." It appears, as if the Northern
Generals were doing the utmost in their power to
disgust the Southerns with their rule. Of the
armies of the West we hear nothing by the Africa.
We have a strong suspicion that BEAUREGARD has
contrived to get round a considerable number of his
men from the far west, to the aid of JACKSON in the
Shenandoah Valley, and to the defence of Rich-
mond.

Ths reception accorded on Saturday evening to
the Sovereign of EGYPT by the LORD MAYOR
of LONDON was felicitously described by one of
the speakers " as one of those happy impromptus
which are the characteristics of our manners, as
one of those graceful a propos which are the
highest ornaments of our social happiness. In
former days," continued the right hon. gentleman,
" when Egyptian halls were visited and investi-
gated with the energy of a BELZONI or the genius
of a BUNSEN, great treasures were discovered
which we have all appreciated, and which have
alike astonished and perplexed Europe ; but I
think I may say, my Lord Mayor, that when
your illustrious guest quits this room to-night he
will bear from this Egyptian hall treasures which
even Egypt will not despise—treasures not less
valuable than those discovered by a BELZONI or
a BUNSEN, for he will carry away from this hall
the sympathies of an enlightened community and
the respect of a free people." More even than
this, we trust, that his Highness will bear with
him when he quits the shores of England. To-
gether with the sympathies of an enlightened
community and the respect of a free people, he
will return homewards, we hope and believe, ma-
turely confirmed in the resolution to maintain the
policy upon which, since his accession to power,
his Government has wisely adventured.

His Highness's visit to this country we cannot but
regard as, under the circumstances, singularly op-
portune. If for nothing else, the International
Exhibition would be deserving of our grateful re-
membrance, for, inasmuch as it has drawn thus into
personal communication with our leading statesmen,
the present gifted and keen-witted ruler of Egypt
at a juncture in the history of Egypt so momentous
to the fortunes of his native land and to the desti-
nies more or less of very many of the principal
powers both of Asia and of Europe. It so happens
that during the brief interval of the PACIIA'S so-
journ in London as one of the most distinguished
among the royal visitors to the International Exhi-
bition at South Kensington, there comes an inkling
' one of those formidable secret compacts between
ambitious rulers which hare so often before now
changed the character of an age and modified the
balance of power throughout a whole continent.
The understanding now rumoured to have been for
some time past upon the cards, and in active prepara-
tion, is of a nature, at the first whisper of it, calcu-
lated to awaken the curiosity of races as remote from
each other as those that people Egypt and England
as those of Germany and Hindostan. It is an alli-
ance in effect that is now stated to have been secretly
arranging itself this long while between the diplo-
matic agents and emissaries of France, of Italy,
and of Russia. At the earliest hinted intimation
of this compact entered into between the CZAR, the
KING, and the EMPEROR, an instant sense of its
importance, of the importance of the mere supposi-
tion of it, even if we regard it at once as a purely idle
and groundless conjecture—a sense of the import-
ance of the mere idea of such an alliance, offensive
and defensive, between France and Italy and
Russia, has manifested itself instantaneously, and,
as it were, instinctively, in England, in Prussia, in
Austria, in Turkey, in Egypt ! It will spread
rapidly onwards, we cannot for one moment doubt,
far away, via the Red Sea, threading the eastern
Archipelago, past e'dylon, and northwards thence
throughout the 'length and breadth of the three
great Presid',lnces of Hindostan. Supposing the
whole runaour to be proved eventually to have sprung
from the vaguest and idlest of all possible hallucina-
tions, it will not have flitted in vain comet-like across
the political horizon of Europe, if it but rouse us at
length to a recognition, clear and precise, of the
opportunities now actually within our reach, now
absolutely at this very juncture at our command—
opportunities by availing ourselves of which t the
perillous chance of any such secret compact like the
one talked of as even now afoot, may b;,, in the
simplest and yet securest manner possil,le, effectually
frustrated beforehand.

As affording us these very opportunities which
are here alluded to, it is hardly matter of suprise
that English statesmen especially have exulted in
the almost s,'..caultaneous appearance upon the throne,
here of Egypt there of Turkey, here the viceregal
th';one of a Pacha, there of his Highness's liege
lord or Suzeraine the Sultan Caliph, of men as re_
\
rnerkable for their enlightenment and for their
capacity as those two contemporary Sovereigns.
i ing Sultan
Since the reigning Pacha of -EGYPT, since thereign-
or p A.
auleni' a at Constantinople, assumed
respectively the
~ -
-eins of Government, reforms of a
the Tv
veritably Er.ro
PeAti character have set in both for
irks and for the
E
br=ighter epoch is opening gyptians. A new and a
to each of those two great
m
deplorably
theb misgoverned
ly
and fertile,
41::it a
guarantee
hithertod
countries.
permanence of
fi nbayn c i
tahl e reorganization
Sultan
AB ABDUL
t L wAhzilezh,
Turkey these improvements in
there is
, that economic
was inaugurated
immediately upon his succession to his turbaned
crown. As a guarantee of a like permanence in 1
the improvements inaugurated by the reigning
1 ,
Pasha of EGYPT, there is the notable recognition
by him of the rights of labour throughout his
1 dominions, those sacred rights hitherto ignored so
lamentably and ruinously by one after another of
his predecessors. Let but the Sultan and the Pasha
persist in carrying out resolutely the wise and
humane policy upon which each has with such con-
summate sagacity adventured, and the hope of
success to any m tliaccs betweenopomppseacotatou
. the
rambitiouseviving 1,
kings and emperors, as
I
energies of Egypt and of Turkey, must fade out
1
and vanish utterly. With a practical eye to the

material advancement of the interests of the country
and of the people over which his Highness presides
as Sovereign, the PACHA of Egypt could hardly,
we are persuaded, act more wisely before he
quits England than by acquainting himself
thoroughly with the estimate formed here,
among our mercantile and engineering men of
eminence, as to the cotton producing capabilities of
the rich alluvial soil of that wonderful Delta of the
Nile. This is a minor detail,ofcourse, butstill it is one
which at this moment especially calls for his high-
ness's very serious consideration. Upon it may be
dependant more than he or perhaps even the most
farseeing among us may dream of in our philosophy.

Gentlemen must have game to shoot, and game
dealers to sell them to. Perhaps, we may add,
citizens must have game to eat ; for what would a
dinner, in the season, be without its game. So
thinks Lord BERNERS. But, unfortunately, there
for t They
. oneof
believe
are a set of the wickedest men in the country, who
have very o confused
town's
peoplenotions
likingon
the
game
first
ep point.
their courses, and they believe in dealers who shall
purchase game from the sellers on the most approved
free trade principles, but they cannot be made to
see that the landlords should be the only wholesale
dealers in game. They know it to be very profit-
able to sell, yet they will not comprehend that it is
any particular man's property to sell. The unique
incident to all game, that it can, and does, run or
fly as far as it pleases; that it subsists, now on
this man's turnips or crops, now on another's, now
on the heather, or the common, which, with equal
stupidity, he will not comprehend to be only con-
ventionally common—all this confuses rustic logic
in regard to property, nor can the villagers of any
hamlet in England be brought to regard one of their
number who bags a hare, in the same light as the
man who steals a fowl or a pig, or even a cat.
We are not disposed to do battle for poachers as
a class, though we utterly disbelieve the charge
that they are ready to indemnify themselves by
appropriating the farmers' hens, geese, or turkeys,
for ill-success in beating a cover or a stubble. The
class of hen roost robbers are quite a different class
to that poachers ; they are more akin to common
thieves ; and their village neighbours, who suspect
them of such frauds, are pleased when they are dis-
covered. We have seen this pleasure openly shown
as a farmyard pilferer was being conveyed to pri-
son, while the same peasantry would have only
said of a poacher " poor fellow, he is unlucky, he's
got into the hands of those parsons and squires,
and they'll make him smart.'' Now, as there have
been game laws ever since the times of feudalism,
and laws stringent enough, in all conscience, it
must be admitted that if law could have created
the sentiment of property, it has had ample time
to do so, in the case of game. Why has it utterly
failed to do so ? We say utterly failed, because we
believe that there are hardly 50 villagers in
the kingdom, and perhaps hardly a greater
number of farmers, who, if sure of immu-
nity, would not appropriate every head of
game they conveniently could. We speak what we
know in writing thus—what we know, too, in one
of the best cultivated and most intelligent of the
agricultural counties of England. The only excep-
tions are where, as in a few cases, the landlord
takes almost the whole village into his pay, or
where, which is the most pleasing case of all, the
landlord is so esteemed by the farmers and the
peasantry, that they take an interest in pre-
serving what interests him. Such cases, too, we
have personally known—and such a village we have
known to be as hostile to the destroyers of the
landlord's game as to the robbers of the hen-roost.
Now, it strikes us that these few exce
parish towards a deserving proprietor, give the key
to the true relation of game to property in
general. Whatever of property there is in it, is
of the kind which ought to appeal for its pro-
tection to the good will of a neighbourhood rather
than to a savage and barbarous code administered
by the persons whose judgments cannot be dis-
interested. It is a plain fact that the decisions
of the magistrates—the clerical magistrates espe-
cially—are never believed by the village to be im-
partial. The gamekeeper, commonly quite as bad
a character as the poacher, is generally the chief
witness ; the magistrate, usually a game pre-
server, or a game preserver's friend, is the judge.
The former and the poacher are sworn enemies ;
the latter, in regard to game, is held to be a tyrant.
Justice is believed to be out of the question; and
probably there is more perjury in game cases than
even in those which come before Sir C. CRESS-
WELL, and that without the compensation of a
judge of unquestioned impartiality. It is next to
impossible to secure an impartial administration of
game-laws.

,ptional

But this arises from the fact just noticed, that
game is not a proper subject for law at all. It may
be made more and more dangerous to meddle with
—but not a step will have been gained towards
promoting respect for it as property. The powers
with which Lord BERNERS proposes to arm the
police will only create towards them the feelings
now cherished towards gamekeepers. The respect
now felt for the police as the protectors of what all
acknowledge to be property, will not be felt when
once they are regarded as the squire and the
clergyman's instruments for the protection of
" GOD'S wild creatures." Lord BERNERS bill, we
are confident, even in its amended form, will
damage seriously the position of the county police.
They are even now looked on very much as the
landlords' spies on poachers, they will be regarded,
if this bill becomes law, as the landlords' county-
paid gamekeepers.

Let, rather, the fact be looked boldly in the face,
that to prohibit any one from killing a wild animal
is a violation of that universal instinct to gratify
which the prohibition is made a law. The instinct
of pursuing, and capturing or killing, things which
can get away, begins with us in childhood, and
where such things are to be found commonly lasts
for life. The chase in every form is a human in-
stinct. The instinct of attachment to, and respect
for property is almost opposed to it. We only
think of chasing that which no individual can
appropriate. If now, as we have observed, hun-
dreds of years do not suffice to overpower this pri-
mary instinct, is it not almost equal to proof that
it requires to be be met in some other way. Fair
trespass laws would be respected—the humblest
cottager resents the trespass on his garden. But,
abstinence from meddling with wild animals ought
to be regarded as a concession asked by those
who require it from the goodwill of their
neighbours. It would be at once acknowledged
that the poacher had no more business in the land-
lord's -woods than he had in his house. And it
may well be that the unnatural protection given
by the law to certain wild creatures in them, gene-
rates the feeling of essential injustice which has
brought things
to their present pass.
Undoubtedly, as things now stand, game and the
game laws are the cause of a large proportion of the
crime in rural districts. Poachers soon become
idlers and adventurers, and often something worse.
We have no sympathy, of course, with the class ;
but when the question is, what makes them I' we
are ine)ined to Arrange causes in the following

order :-1. The contravention of natural instincts
in converting wild animals into property. 2d.
The harsh laws necessitated by a violation of nature.
3d. The harsh and one-sided administration of
those laws. 4th. The preservation of game by
landlords for battue shooting, in such numbers as
to increase the temptation to the poachers. If this
series of causes be correctly given—and we think
it is—the true remedies must be of a different kind
to those proposed by Lord BERNER&

Among the most remarkable phenomena now
visible to the gaze of all Europe are the self-com-
mand and tho self-abnegation of GARIBALDI. These
to a reflective observer are even more wonderful in
their way than his heroism and his audacity.
Another might possibly have dared, though per-
haps none other could so marvellously have accom-
plished, his extraordinary exploit two years back
in conquering Sicily with the aid of a thousand fol-
lowers, and taking Naples afterwards, as one
may say, single-handed. But there can certainly
not be named any other " Leader of Men," Soldier
or Politician, Statesman or Diplomatist, Orator or
Administrator, who could dream of emulating this
extraordinary man in the display of those two
qualities we have alove particularised—his self-
command and his self-abnegation.

For years the political liberation of Italy has
been the dream of GARIBALDI'S life. For the rea-
lisation of that beautiful day-dream he has sacri-
ficed everything. To the furtherance of that
one cause he has dedicated his every energy. To
it he has given his whole life, his name, his fortune,
his reputation. For it he, has proved himself in
every way to be a man wholly and absolutely un-
purchaseable. For Italy, for the sake of the Ita-
lians, he has been contented to be used, time and
again, simply as an instrument for the carving out
of her fortunes—an instrument alternately, as occa-
sion required, to be employed and thrown aside,
and while so lying" thrown aside," but too often,
(as especially during the last twelvemonth) most
ungratefully neglected. For anything like neglect
or ingratitude to himself individually, however
GARIBALDI appears really to care just absolutely
nothing. It is when his trusty followers have come
to be treated in like manner, by the powers that be,
that the whole soul of the hero rises at times in
protest, in sheer disgust and indignation. One of
these crises of conspicuous neglect and ingratitude
is just now being passed through by GARIBALDI
and his Garibaldians. The Italian Govern-
ment, strengthened in the presence of Europe
by the tardy but formal recognition of
it at last by the Russian Autocrat, seems to avail
itself of the opportunity to avow its repudiation of
GARIBALDI, for inasmuch as that great Cap-
tain may be held responsible for, the doings, or
even for the meditated doings, of his Garibaldians.
Here especially it is that we recognise—at these
overshadowed periods of his truly wonderful history
—the real greatness of the man, the purity, the
scope, and the altitude of his magnanimity. Here
it is that we perceive his readiness to sacrifice
his own fair fame, if need be, to the glory, and
the power, and the unity of the land he loves.

LATEST NEWS.

INDIA.

(BY TELEGRAPH TO GALLE AND FROM SUEZ.)
CALCUTTA, JUNE 15.
Shirtings tending downwards. Mule twist quiet.
Exchange on London, 2s. Old.
Government Securities.—Four per Cents, 931 ;
Five per Cents., 105.
Freights 629.6 d.

BOMBAY, JUNE 16.

Cotton declining. Piece goods quiet.
Government securities.—Five per Cents., 105 t.
Freights dull and declining.

CHINA.
(BY TELEGRAPH FROM SUEZ.)

SHANGHAI, MAY 21.
Nangpo and Tsangpon have been wrested from
the Taepings and restored to the Imperialists.
Admiral Protet has been killed.
Native troops have been sent for from India to
protect Shanghai.
A cargo of arms and ammunition has beet seized
and confiscated by the allies.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
Gray shirtings improving. Silk active. Tot&
export 67,500 bales.
Exchange on London, 6s} 2d.
CANTON, MAY 26.

Gray shirtings unchanged.
Tea higher. Total export 93,000,000 lb.
Exchange on London, 4s. 60.

AUSTRALIA.

MELBOURNE, MAY 24,
Total export of gold since the departure of the
last mail, 78,750 oz.
Trade has decidedly improved.
Exchange on London has declined 1 per cent.
Exchange on London at Adelaide and Sydney un-
altered.