The Sun.
London, England, 1862-11-04 00:00:00

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THE SUN.

LONDON, TUTSDAT, NOV. 4, 1862.

-

The Exhibition having been duly brought to a
close on Saturday evening, the Ist of November,
according to long previous announcement, we may
venture at length to express a deliberate opinion as
to its suectse,. That success, under the circum-
Stancs, We cannot but regard as something remark-
able. It should be remembered that from first to
last the enterprise was carried out under the most
gloomy and depressing auspices,'at the most inoppor-
tune ',ime of all for the fortunes of the Exhibition.
The illustrious personage, who wag the approver not
merely of this last and grandest of all the Great
International Exhibitions, but the originator of the
whole scheme of these gigantic displays of accumu-
lated specimens of the art and industry of all coun-
tries, and of products, both natural and artificial,
brought together from the ends of the earth, from
all the various climates, temperate and tropical,
arctic and antarctic, in both the eastern and
western hemispheres—ALßEßT, Prince Consort of
the Queen of ENGLAND breathed his last, to the
profound grief of the whole empire, and amidst the
unaffected sympathy of surrounding nations. His
103,„, Highness's durnhe in the vary flower of his

age, ill the vory noonday, as it seemed to us all, of
his career, in the full and i.ecognised matilrity ol

his powers, must under any circumstances have
fallen as a bitter calamity upon the Queen and upon
her loyal people. Occurring at the particular
period at which it &'d, it appeared to come as an
all but irreparable disaster to mar the fortunes of
H.l-t.H.'s latest amd noblest undertaking—The
Great International. Exhibition (for 1562) at South
Kensington. It hal opened, this lamented death, pre-
cisely at a time wh en it was altogether and indeed
quite obviously ou 1 of the question to dream of

anything like a postponement of the enterprize. v
The treasures of art and industry, summoned to
England from the uttermost extremities of the
habitable globe, were already—when the Prince
most unexpectedly expired at Windsor Castle—
either actually arrived upon our shores, or they were
hastening to those shores across the various seas
and continents. Deprived of the inestimable ad-
vantage of the guiding mind of his Royal High-
ness the PRINCE CONSORT—the rare value of whose
capacity for this kind of administration
(appreciated
though it had been to the full, as we had a',.
1 of us
thought, throughout) was never so appre-
ciated, it became apparent, as when it was
lost to us for ever—deprived, we say, of the im-
mense advantage of that one -wise and guiding
mind, whose very instinct was taste, ;the Exhi-
bition had to be carried out as best it might,
under those deplorably altered circumstances. And it
has so been carried out. With what results we are
now enabled to recognise. These results being, we
would again premise, as already intimated, some-
thing marvellous—under the circumstances ! For,
added to the depriving influences attendant upon
the year set apart for the Exhibition—a year over-
shadowed by the death of his Royal Highness—
there was that vast storm-cloud to the west, the
Civil War in the once United States, now split
into opposing armies of Federals and Con-
federates! And there was visible in the opposite,
in the exactly opposite direction that other storm-
cloud which, during all the earlier months of 1862,
brooded—though " no bigger than a man's hand"
(shall we say NAPOLEON'S) most threateningly
over Europe—that Roman Question—that Italian
Difficulty, that might at any time, that may even
now at any moment, expand into a cases belli for
the Great Nations of the Earth, bringing the
principal armies and navies of the world
into direct collision. A war throughout
Europe was a possible contingency. A ter-
rible civil war in North America was a lamen-
table and formidable reality, a reality that has now
for months past desolated the northern counties of
England, especially Lancashire, with a destitution
amounting in certain districts to absolute famine.
Our Sovereign having been but so very recently
widowed, the metropolis was deprived, throughout
the whole year of the Exhibition, of the customary
attraction and advantage of a Court, the central
point, the actual source of what is called, and of what
is at all times of so much value and importance to the
capital as—the Season. Under these sinister auspices,
the Exhibition at South Kensington was opened.
Under them it has been conducted. Under them it
has been closed. And yet the success achieved, all
things considered, we may regard now as having
been unmistakeable. Is evidence of this wanting—
evidence, that iq, of a conclusive character, and not
only conclusive but conclusive at a glance ? It is
here ready to hand in the following reliable sta-
tistics ?

Total number in 1851, to closing day
Number to 11th of October of pre-
sent Exhibition
Week ending 18th Oct 244,039
~ » 25th Oct 240,066
Ist Nov.
II 1)
6,116,640

Majority in favour of present Exhibition ... 77,445
Those three additional weeks, it will be perceived,
having made all the difference ! Pulling the
Commissioners through, so to speak—transforming
a falling off into an increase, a deficit into a surplus !
Alas! that we should have to add—in the number
of visitors—not in the satisfactory balance of returns
against expenditure. There the story runs quite
differently—in the contrast of the result of the 1862
Exhibition with that of the 1851 Exhibition. Out
of the proceeds of the earlier, smaller, less
elaborate enterprise came, as we all know,
among other advantages, the very ground upon
which Capt. FowEEs's structure is yet standing.
Thousands of pounds sterling having remained
over " to the good," when all was done, with regard
to that first glorious venture, when the Crystal
Palace was removed from its temporary standing
ground near Rotten Row, when the grass
was again growing in Hyde Park, whence
all that accumlation of beauty and splen-
dour had passed away like a tale that
is told ! Thousands of pounds sterling still,
it will be remembered, remained over and above
all that had had to be paid away in the liquida-
tion of expenses—gains that were eventually ex-
pended in the purchase of considerable tracts of
land down at South Kensington. Not such,
however, by any means has been the result
of the Second and Grander Exhibition now
but just completed. There, instead of a
surplus sufficient to purchase an estate worthy
of remaining afterwards as a magnificent and
substantial memorial of a Successful Enter-
prise, there is the tolerably plain probability of a
small deficit—say of about £20,000. Nevertheless,
in very despite of that fact, it must still be, rea-
sonably enough, insisted that the result, all things
considered, is really and truly and in the
highest degree satisfactory. When the for-
mer Exhibition drew the world to London
the attraction had a charm about it that it could
not by any possibility possess under any circum-
stances upon a repetition—the potent and patent
charm of absolute novelty. Again, eleven years
ago, H.R.H. the Prince Consort was still happily
surviving, and was yet to survive for the happiness
of the QUEEN and of the Country for ten full
years afterwards. Then, moreover, there was
no imminent possibility hanging over our heads
of an outbreak of war among the nations of Europe,
whether upon the plea of Italy, or of Greece, or of
Constantinople. Then, too, there was no cotton
famine desolating the north of England, in conse-
quence of a deadly strife among the Northern and
Sourthern States of the great Republic of
North America. All was tranquillity in both
hemispheres. All was industry ane, therefore,
prosperity here at borne. Allinwtahe Palaceshappin eessf,
tihne-
stead of grief and mournino.
whri,dcisphcuotnasibtera facttio that,nsis in
the
undoubted Sovereign.
to
i
,
the late instance of a great International Exhibi-
tion, upon a scale far larger, and more complicated
than had been ever before attempted in
any capital of a civilised race, the Executive
Commission was not guided by that master
mind for organization of this kind so often
displayed (Inuring the last ten years of his memo-
rable lifetime by ALBERT the Good, the PRINCE
CONSORT of England. Hence, indeed, we are per-
fectly well satisfied, the errors into which the Royal
Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1862 have so
repeatedly blundered. Conspicuous among these
flaws in the administration of the affairs
connected with the grand enterprize just
brought to a close, being that flagrant case of
Aristocratic (!) Jobbery, thus happily epitomised in
aattielryribNieetvwsa,ntwolfi en s
urtne
dm a
sr
hk
oi
pa few
sentences by our contemporary the
'phleerse
whenw as
a valuabl© : nucli
refreshme
rupt French baker forn the was,kgiven to a bank-
aristocratic follower ofe of obliging an
Earl GRAN VILLE. No
amount of washing can wipe away •
this stain. The
creditors of M. VEILLARD--those who have not
been his aiders and abettors—have a better cause
of complaint against the Commissioners, who

placed such a man of straw in a position to com-
mand credit. The Commissioners have drawn ten
or twelve thousand pounds from this bankrupt
French baker; the Honourable Mr. CADOGAN,
their friend, has drawn two or three thousand
pounds more, and all this money has come out of
the pockets of creditors. The whole transaction
is discreditable from first to laet, and admits of no
explanation." Ex uno disce omnes, as in one
instance so in any other. It was the want of
the guiding mind—the one dominant spirit
under whose sagacious supervision the Exhi-
bition of 1862 might, even in spite of adverse cir-
cumstances, have been so conducted as to leave
behind it (like that of 1851) only agreeable instead
of many distressful and vexatious recollections.

r When we have it stated, on the best authority,
that SEVEN MILLIONS sterling per annum repre-
sents in round numbers the loss in wages sustained
by the operatives in Lancashire, we gain some fair
conception of what the distress must be among all
classes. The Central Relief Committee, which met
yesterday, report, amongst other painful facts, all
of course pointing in the same direction, that the
weekly loss of wages amounts to £136,094, the
relief they are able to distribute to £6,250 per
week, or less than five per cent. of what the men
were accustomed to earn. Or to put it in another
form, the committee can distribute about £300,000
per annum to meet a loss of £7,000,000 per annum.
Another fact mentioned in the committee's report is,
that the number of persons in twenty-four Unions
receiving parochial relief had risen to 208,723, an
excess over the corresponding week of last year of
163,065, and besides these, 143,870 persons were
aided by local committees. The number of opera-
tives in full work is reduced to 58,638. Those on
short time arc increased to 119,712, and 182,401 are
thrown entirely out of employment.
The mind strains in vain to comprehend the
distress represented by these enormous totals, much
as it does when attempting to realise to itself the
distances represented by astronomical calculations.
As Mr. COBDEN, who spoke at the meeting of the
committee with mournful and sober eloquence, ob-
served—" There has been nothing like it in the
history of the world for its suddenness, for the
impossibility of dealing with it, or managing it in
the way of effective remedy." The loss of wages
represents but a part of the loss sus-
tained. Mr. COBDEN, who is no exaggerator,
says the loss may be taken at £10,000,000 before
next spring. The capitalists will be incurring a
loss which many persons estimate at the same
amount, and which cannot be much less on their
mills and machinery. Then the vast increase on
the rates, will, Mr. FARNALL estimates, throw one
third of the saleable property, as it were, out of
existence, leaving the rates to be levied on the re-
maining two-thirds. The shop-keeping class,
amongst whom so large a proportion of the wages
of the operatives were spent, must, in great num-
bers, follow the operatives. A poor woman was
mentioned who kept a shop, and was threatened
with distraint for a poor-rate ; she sold the Sunday
clothes of her son to pay the rate, and received a
relief ticket when she went to leave the rate. And
after all when rates and relief have done their best,
it hardly amounts to two shillings a week for each
individual. On such a scanty subsistence it seems
inevitable that, as the winter presses, sickness and
disease should not follow. Ordinarily, the poor are
very kind in relieving each others' wants, but now
all are reduced to one dead level of want and dis-
tress.

Mr. COBDEN, in his speech, which, as might be
expected, was of a markedly practical character,
strongly insists on the necessity of some far wider
and more organised effort than has yet been made.
The condition of Lancashire is, he observed,
" wholly exceptional ; the state of things has no
parallel in all history. It is impossible you could
point out' to me another case in which in a limited
sphere such as we have in Lancashire, and in the
course of a few months there has been a cessation of
employment at the rate of £7,000,000 per annum
in wages." If the case is to be met by voluntary
aid there must be an appeal to the whole country,
the " General Committee" must be made a National
Committee, and information must be sent by
it to every part of the kingdom the
lords lieutenants should be invited to be-
come vice - presidents—every mayor of the
kingdom, including the Lord Mayor, should
be invited to become a member of this committee
—a committee should be organised in every
borough—representatives might be sent to the
more important places, from the national commit-
tee—and, above all, persons should come from
such places, see for themselves, and carry back their
own report ; they would find how much was doing
b 3 the calumniated millowners themselves. Until
Parliament meets, an effort should be made to make
the national subscription not less than a million.
Short of that would be utterly insufficient for the
case; and Mr. COBDEN believed that, by an orga-
nised effort, the amount might be raised.
It may be hoped that Mr. COBDEN'S appeal will
be listened to. Nothing can be more interesting
than the way in which all classes, and even distant
colonies, are answering to the irregularly presented
appeal which has already been made—from Canada,
from India, from South America, from every place
which the tidings have reached, there has been an
outburst of the kindliest sympathy. All that, now
seems needed is, that arrangements should be made
which will place at short intervals before every knot
of people, and every mass of population throughout
the Empire, what is the actual condition of the
sufferers—what is done to alleviate—what is still
wanting ? If this were done with anything like the
business tact and energy shown by the executive
of the League which repealed the Corn-laws, the
abundance of food and clothing which is certainly
in the kingdom would be distributed amongst those
who, without it, must soon become the victims of
want and disease. Not the least consideration is
that we shall preserve the population fur the better
days, and revival of trade which we must yet hope
will soon return.

A contemporary has published this morning the
first of a series of letters from a Southern corre-
spondent, who is henceforth to furnish authentic
intelligence from that land of mystery. He dates
this time from Richmond, and all of novelty that
his letter contains, is furnished by his account of
the civil and social state of things there. We knew
before all he has told us of military matters—the .
battle of Antietam included ; and a Southern paper
had informed us of the stratagem by which a dread-
ful slaughter was inflicted on the small force which
first, after the battle, ventured to cross the Poto -
mac. We knew, also, how thoroughgoing was
hatred and contempt of the South for the North.
Indeed, all accounts show that the North is much
more tolerant and forbearing in its feeling towards
the South, than the South towards the North.
What we hardly did expect to hear was, that Rich-
mond could be in such a co nparatively merry state.
Crowded hotels, abundance of luxuries, everything,
in fact, we are told, but ice, in plenty. Rather
dear, to be sure, they must be. Board and lodging
at the hotels costs five dollars a day, although, if
the dollars be, what we may presume they are,
Paper dollars, this nay not be so extravagant, after

all. Still, the result must be that dearness, not
exclusion, is the result of the blockade. The
sea, and 1,500 miles of river boundary can never
be effectually blockaded.
It is not a little curious to turn from the state of
things in the Southern capital to what a corres-
pondent of another journal describes as that of the
great commercial capital of the North. He says :
" The country, meanwhile, is apparently in the
highest degree prosperous. I see no trace of
distress or suffering anywhere. Wages are unpre-
cedentedly high, farm-labourers having been paid
this summer in New Eagland as much as t wo dollars
and a half a day. The two leading jewellers in
New York have sold, I am informed, more goods
during the past year than they ever remember to
have done; the haberdashers tell the same story.
The theatres are filled every night—the trains on
all the roads crowded." The exports from New
York are extraordinarily large. The following,
from the New York Times of Monday, is in fact a
very good resume of the situation :—" The foreign
trade of the past week was unusually active, with
considerable excitement in prices on the Corn Ex-
change among the factors and export buyers. The
value of the clearances of the week is 4,444,382
dols., as against 2,807,827 dols. the week before, and
2,277,997 dols. the same week last season. The
import entries of foreign merchandise, including the
dry goods return in our last paper, amount to
4,096,749 dols., against 2,197,129 dols. same week
last year." Thus the two capitals may compare
notes in the midst of this furious war with some-
what of cheerfulness. Is it the old story of NERO
fiddling while Rome WSS burning ?
Another has been at pains to
hunt out
froti contemporary, the
Southern papers evidence that
all is not so triumphant and smooth in slaved=
as its friends here would have us believe. They
confess the thorough and disastrous defeat of
PRICE and VAN DORN at Corinth, and if they are
to be believed, the Federal generals practised on
them with murderous success, one of these clever
tricks by which the South has so often outgene-
raled the North ; drawing the Confederates into
an ambuscade from which they escaped only with
tremendous loss.

Our readers may remember how, in his last
message to Congress, JEFFERSON DAVIS adverted
in rather angry terms to the disunion among
themselves, which boded mischief to their cause.
It appears the misunderstanding referred to was in
reference to the conscription. The doctrine of State
rights is now brought into play against the Confede-
rate Government itself. A supreme court in Georgia
has decided that the " conscript act is unconstitutional
and therefore the act itself, and all regulations and
order based upon it, are likewise void." The Judge
argues thus : " In the preamble of our Confederate
Constitution care is taken to assert and maintain
that the States are sovereign and independent.
In what sense can this be said of Georgia, if every
man of her militia can be taken from under the
control of her constitutional Commander-in-Chief
without his consent? Must he abdicate his
most important duties by permitting himself to
be disarmed of his forces, and all this, too, in
violation of his oath of office, in case he should think
them necessary for the protection of the State ?"
and concludes by demonstrating the absolute sove-
reignty of the state in regard to military levies.
Not only Georgia but Virginia herself is kicking at
the military assumptions of the Confederate Govern-
ment. Indeed the " States Rights" which they
have so often asserted, as their legal justifica-
tion for secession, seem to be now invoked by the
separate States of the New Confederacy in
thoroughly rebel style. On this point, too, there
can be no misrepresentation. The proofs are judg-
ments and written documents which cannot
deceive.

Both the rival PRESIDENTS appear to have the
trouble of division in their camps. The Democrats,
who though favourable to the war, for restoring the
Union as it was, are yet Mr. LiNcoLN's warm po-
litical opponents, will almost certainly be much
stronger in the next session of Congress than they
were in the late one, and will seriously interfere in
that case with the action of the PRESIDENT.
Though we have not yet the returns of the most im-
portant elections, no one doubts that they have
gained largely on the Republican party. If this
should be so, it seems hardly likely that they will
back the PRESIDENT as heartily as his own party.
M'CLELLAN is, however, their General, and they
will cordially sustain him. He, though ho lets no-
thing interfere with his duty as a soldier, is known
to be personally hostile to carrying on the war as
one for emancipation. Like all his party, slavery,
as it was, is his decided preference.
One thing is very satisfactory—wherever eman-
cipation has been practically tried, it has worked,
in all respects, well. Both at New Orleans and
Port Royal the negroes have worked steadily and
cheerfully for wages—and all the predictions of
their murdering their masters, and indulging in
wild revenge, have proved to be, what every reason-
able man knew they were, mere outrageous libels
on the known kindless and docility of the maligned
negro. They were fictions invented sn terrorem,
The Hon. NEAL Dow's testimony, who commands
at Port Philip, we have twice given in The Sun,
and now Mr. J. M. M`Kilt, who is conducting the
Port Royal experiment, writes thus—

" The experiment has been made under the most unfa-
vourable circumstances. The result of a military necessity,
it was undertaken with inadequate means, suddenly extem-
porised, and has been conducted thus far in the midst of a
raging and all-pervading civil war.
" The Port Royal blacks are of the worst grade of their
class. They are plantation slaves, the progeny of planta-
tion slaves of unmixed African descent. Gnarled and
twisted in body, uncouth in form and feature, they show
in their persons the effects of a century's degradation.
And yet these life-long chattel slaves, dehumanized
in law, and degraded, in fact, to the extent of human power,
when suddenly transformed into free labourers, go to work,
and co, tinue to work peacefully, happily, and industriously.
"The transition is as easy as it is sudden. There is no
jar. The problem is solved. The difficulties vanish. The
expediency of emancipation is proved. It is proved under
our own eyes, on our own soil, and in that portion of it
where it seemed most improbable. This nation can, when-
ever it chooses, change its system of slave labour for that of
free labour without any shock to the social or political
fabric."

On such facts as these we have but one observa-
tion to make. If the slaveholders of the South are
determined to maintain their accursed aristocracy
of skin, at the cost of enslaving 4,000,000 of their
fellow-men—if they are so determined to do it, as
to be ruined in the attempt—and that, when eman-
cipation is so easy and safe—if they thus pr2fer
slaveholding to life and to property—then let not
England, let not Christendom pity such fiend-
like tyranny if it should prove its own grave.
They could, themselves, emancipate ; on their own
heads be the consequence of leaving the work to
others.