The Sun.
London, England, 1862-12-13 00:00:00

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THE SU-N, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, DECEIVIBER 13, 1862:

NOTICE. The Genuine and Original
BOND'S PERMANENT MARKING INK, for
marking on linen, silk. or cotton, bears the address on the
label.-28, Long-lane, West Smithfield, city.

Inn—Ropley—Thursday, London Lodge, Stratton Park
—Saturday, Herrard Park-- quarter t 3 eleven.
Hambledon—Monday, Westbury House Wednesday,
Holywell—Friday, Watergate House—Saturday, Mor•
well Hall—Monday (Dec. 22) Idsworth House--quarter
to eleven.
Hampton-Lewis's, Captain—Monday, Llandyfnan Mill—
Wednesday, Round Table—Saturday, Red Wharf Cross
eleven.
Hastings', Lord—Tuesday, Gressenhale—Friday, Plum-
stead ns.
Haydon—Wednesday, Langley Gate—Saturday, Whitfield
—nine.

71-1 E GREAT BREAKWATER A 7
PORTLAND.

The construction of a great breakwater, with a
noble harbour of refuge behind it,
,dis one of those
greatest national
nation
no of a y charityfeel
justly
t lally men,
ro . Asaofw hicpheotphlee
we have in these works cast our money upon the
waters more liberally than any other, though it by
no means follows thence that we have better break-
waters or more harbours of refuge than other
nations who have not spent a tit he of our outlay
upon them. It is almost a characteristic of our
great public works that there should be at least
half a dozen failures to one success, and there has
been no exception to this rule in breakwaters till
now, the prodigal history of their construction
being about the last theme which one would choose
by which to illustrate Admiralty wisdom and eco-
nomy. In the minds of economists the very name
of these works has not unjustly been considered a
synonym for waste, and is always associated with
millions of money thrown broadcast into the sea in
out-of-the-way bays and inlets, which, even with-
out these obstacles to their entrance, were always
dangerous. Where they ought never to have been
attempted, as at St. Catharine's, Alderney, or even
Dover, the most stupendous ,works were begun. At
the first named place they were abandoned, many
years ago, after an immense expenditure had been
incurred. At the two latter they are being prose-
cuted with equal zeal and cost to this very day.
Where, as at Holyhead, a small sea wall would
have sufficed, a whole mountain has been thrown
into the sea with such effect that the port is now
difficult to enter, still more difficult to leave, and by
no meass entirely safe to remain in. Holyhead will
cost nearly £2,000,000 ; Dover, nearly £700,000;
while Alderney is estimated to require .£1,300,090,
of which nearly a million is hopelessly gone, and
said to have been spent in vain. St. Catharine's
bas a melancholy pre-eminence in this list, inas-
much as when several hundred thousand pounds
were thrown, as it were, into the ocean, the works
were stopped from their obvious hopelessness and
inutility, and the only further outlay incurred was
to break down what had been constructed, which
made the wretched, rocky bay more dangerous
even than it had been before.

Heythorp—Monday,Heythrop Wednesday, Barington
Park—Thursday, Blenheim—Friday, Gawcomb—Satur-
day, Dean Crossroads—half-past ten.
Hursley (Mr. W. C. Standish's)—Monday, Dog and Crook
—Friday, Farley Mount—quarter to eleven.
Hurworth—Tuesday, Willow Bridge—Thursday, Neasham
Village—Saturday, Crathorne—quarter to eleven
Isle of Wight—Monday, Westover—Wednesday, Ashey
Farm—Friday, Beckfield Barn—half-past ten.
Johnstone's Mr. Harcourt—Tuesday, Hackness Hall—
Friday, Pickering—half-past ten.
Kent, East—Monday, Ashley—Thursday, Waldershare
__ Park—Saturday, Acriss Mill—half-past ten. _

Kent, West—Ttie'sday, Otford Mount—Thursday, Porto-
bellow—Saturday, Everlands—half-past ten.
Leconfield's, Lord—Monday, Durfold House—Wednesday,
Cocking Hill—Friday, Pallingham Quay—Saturday,
Waltham Park—half-past eleven. .
Ledbury—Monday, Bromsbury Heath—Friday, Acton
Green—half-past ten.
Lewis's, Mr.Wyndham—Tuesday, Brean's Cross—Thurs-
day, Lympsham—Saturday, Banwell Station.
Lord Phillip's, Mr.—Monday, Trewent—Thursday, Yeb-
boston Gate—half-past ten.
Lowndes's, Mr. Selb3—Tuesday, Bletchley Station—Sa-
turday, Nash Common—eleven.
Ludlow—Tuesday, Shakenhurst—Friday, Cookridge Cop-
pice—eleven.
Meynell-Ingram's, Mr.—Monday, Chartley Park—Thurs-
day, Shirley Park—Saturday, Blythfield—quarter to
eleven.

Monmouthshire—Tuesday, Brinderry—Friday, Hendre—
half-past ten.
Morpeth—Tuesday, Wollington—Thursday, Kirkley—Sa.
turday, Morpeth North Gate—quarter to eleven.
Musters's, Mr. Charworth—Tuesday, Aston Hall—Fri-
day, Oxton Hall—quarter to eleven.
New Forest—Tuesday, Fox Lease Park—Thursday, Sher-
field, Hatchet—Saturday, Hill Gate—half-past ten.
Norfolk West (Mr.Villebois's)—Monday, Oxburgh—Wed-
nesday, Cranmer Hall—Friday, Watton—eleveu.
Oakley —Monday, Cranfield—Tuesday, Wilden, Thursday,
Dungee Corner—Saturday, Hall Weston—quarter to
eleven.

Oxfordshire, South—Monday, Fostcombe—Friday, Stan-
ton—quarter to eleven.
Poltimore's, Lord—Monday, Wether Cerne—Wednesday,
Wynford—Friday, Buckland—Saturday, Melbury—
_ eleven.

Portsmouth's, Earl of—Monday, Wornfordbridge--Wed..
nesday, Morchard Bishop—Thursday, Stone-moor--Sa-
turday, Portsmouth Arms—eleven.
Powell's, Mr.—Tuesday, Castle Gorvod—Friday, Landis-
silio—quarter-past ten.
Puckeridge (Mr. Parry's)—Monday, Pelham —Wednesday,
Elmden Lee—Saturday, Laysten—half-past ten.
Pytchley—Monday, Oakley Hay—Wednesday, Swinford
Friday, Brockhall—Saturday, Braybrook—quarter to eleven
Radclyffe's, Mr.—Monday, Piddle Wood—Thursday, Mel-
combe—quarter to eleven,
Rolies's, Hon. Mark—Monday, Roborough Mill—Wed-
nesday, Stapleton Brake—Friday, Dunsland—Saturday,
Atherington Village—eleven.
Rufford—Tuesday, Stuffingwood Hall—Thursday, Cann-
ton—Saturday, Blidworth Dale—quarter to eleven.
Rutland's, Duke of—Monday, Three Queen's—Tuesday,
Leadenham—Wednesday, Croxton Park—Friday, Len-
ton Village—eleven.
Stratton's, Mr.—Monday, Carpenter's Arms—Tuesday-,
Stanford-le-Hope—Wednesday, Danbury Cricketers—
Saturday, Billericay -street—eleven,
Seale's, Sir Henry—Tuesday, Oldstone—Friday, Morley
Toll-bar

It is a comfort, after such a series of costly ex-
periences, to be able at last to chronicle one great
and complete success in the noble Breakwater and
Harbour of Portland. Compared with the other
undertakings that we have enumerated, and judged
by the results which have been obtained from them,
the money spent upon Portland may fairly be
termed a profitable and a most worthy investment
of our national wealth. The harbour which art has
now rendered so complete is the most spacious of its
kind in the kingdom. The anchorage is admirable,
the water is deep, and the whole bay free from rock
or shoal. It gives us a strong naval station, it is a
refuge for distressed ships where it is most needed
in the Channel ; it has been completed for less than
double its first estimate (£500,000), and in not very
much over the time it was promised. If any one
should think these faint praises, or that in every
case a given outlay should have a commensurate
advantage in return, he can have very little experi-
ence of our public works. Unfortunately, in such
undertakings the greater the pretension the smaller
is often the result. No more was said for making
the Harbour and Refuge at Portland than was said
for all the other schemes of the same kind : the only
difference is in the result, for here the country has
fairly got every iota of advantage that was promised
in return for its money. It contrasts with other
breakwaters and harbours also that whereas our
costly failures were decided on at once this was re-
commended almost year after year for more than
half a century before anything was done. From
1791 to 1847 was spent in suggesting it and pressing
it on the notice of Parliament, and it was not till
1849 that the first stone was laid. Now it is com-
plete; the gigantic circular fortress at its outward
extremity, a fortress almost as stupendous and as
difficult to erect as the break water itself; being all
that is required to put the finish to the greatest and
most successful of all our recent national works.
Viewed from the shore beneath the steep bold head-
lands of Portland Bill, the long thin stony reef which
stretches out in a tapering line into the sea till it
would be almost lost to view but for the mass
of black scaffolding which surmounts it, has no-
thing just now very imposing in its appearance.
It does not appeal to the senses, and has little to
point out to the superficial eye where thousands and
thousands have laboured daily for the last 14 years.
The fruits of all these years of toil lie deep beneath
the sea, never to be seen again. If the waves were
away what a monument of persevering ingenuity
and labour would they not lay bare ! The divers
employed see it all, and know that the thin reef
above the water represents a wall of stones beneath,
to which that of China is mere plasterers' work;
a wall of stone nearly a mile and a half long, nearly
100 feet high, and 300 feet at the base, and all
raised beneath the sea. To make this wall nearly
six million tons of stone have been consumed, and
nearly a million cubic feet of timber required for
scaffolding. The mass of stone alone, if built in a
solid column of 100 feet in diameter, would reach
to the summit of Mont Blanc! One, in fact, is
almost at a loss for standards of comparison before
the immensity of this work, the materials for which
were heaped at the rate of 2,500 tons a day, and
sometimes at 3,000. It is only by looking at re-
sults achieved that we begin to understand the
greatness and importance of what is effected by this
submarine mountain. Portland harbour was always
a safe shelter against south-west, north-west, or,
northerly winds. It was exposed on the east and
south, and a mere open roadstead to the strong
gales which blew from the south-east. The break-
-water was designed by sheltering it here to shel-
ter it from all points, and this it has most effec-
tually done. The harbour, now almost enelosed
by this stupendous sea wall, has at low water an
extent of no less than 2,100 acres. Taking three
fathoms' depth as the standard at low water, the
acreage of our made harbours is as follows :
Kingston, 140; Holyhead, 267; Dover (when
made), 374 ; Portland, 1,500 ; Plymouth, 1,741.
The average of deep shallow water is, however,
greater at Portland than at Plymouth, there being
1,290 acres varying in depth from 5 to 11 fathoms.
The breakwater itself is built in two distinct parts,
in the shape of an obtuse angle. It stretches from
what we may call the island of Portland for a length
of about 3,500 feet towards the north-east, and then
for a length of nearly 5,000 feet more turns due
north into deep water across the bay. The break
of the two parts occurs at the east end, and just
before the angle of turning north. This opening is
made in order that ships going out in a northerly
wind may not have to beat up the whole length of
the Breakwater, but pass at once through the open-
ing into smooth water, and take a fair wind down
Channel. There are 11 fathoms of water through
this gap, which is wide enough to allow two line-
of-battle ships to pass out side by side. The length
of this eastern portion of the work has been en-
tirely completed, even to its round parapet and sea
wall. The roadways along
the summitare
into two broad platforms. That on
the inner side divided
next the land is 40 feet broad and 12 feet
.above the
sea. The outer platform abovelB feet broadthisis carried
series of arched recesses, and iscaeaandon2Ba
feet above the sea. These arches are
otfo
wbehiueshedthfeoyr
Government stores—coals, shot, &c.
will hold many thousand tons. There has also been
erected a coal storehouse on the land end, capable
of containing 6,000 tons of fuel, and in connection
with this are a series of cranes and coal shoots
worked by machinery, by means of which men-of-
war can be coaled at the rate of a ton a minute.
In fact, the only limit to the rapidity with which
fuel can be poured on board by these means is the
rate at which the crew can fill it away in the bun-
, kers. On the east end of this part of the Breakwater

Shropshire (Mr. C. J. Morris's)—Monday, Fox, Albrigh-
ton—Wednesday, Crudgington—Friday, Cross Gates,
Welshpool Road—half-past ten.
Sinnington—Tuesday, Catter Bridge—Friday, Helmsley—
half-past ten.
Somerset, West—Tuesday, Chargott Lodge—Friday, Hol-
ford—half-past ten.
Southdown—Monday, Firle—Wednesday, Execet Bridge—
Friday, Poyning's Crossways—quarter to eleven.
South Wold—Monday, Walmsgate House—Tuesday, Mar-
tin Railway Bridge—Thursday, Legsby Saturday,
Lusby Village—eleven.
Staffordshire, North—Monday, Swynner :on Hall—Wed-
nesday, Oakley Hall—Friday, Stallington—half-past ten.
Stamford and Warrington's, Earl of—Monday, Queni-
borough—Tuesday, Narborough—Thursday, the Ruins,
Bradgate Park—Friday, Six Hills—eleven.
Suffolk—Tuesday, Elmswell Lion—Thursday, Little Sax-
ham—Saturday, Ruahbrook Hall—quarter to eleven.
Surrey Union—Tuesday, Chauntry Down Thursday,
Ewhurst Windmill—Saturday, Epsom Windmill—half-
past ten.
Sussex, East--Monday, White Hart, Guestling—Wednes-
day, Northiam—F rid ay , dmore quarter to eleven.
Tailby's, Mr.—Monday, Theddingworth—Tuesday, Sil-
ton Wood Thursday, Stonton W yville—Saturday, Lees-
thorpe—eleven.
Tedworth—Monday, Boscombe Windmill—Tuesday, Man-
ningford—Thursday, Dole's Turnpike—Saturday, Win-
terslow Village—eleven.
Tickham—Tuesday, Shelve Farm, Lenham—Friday, New-
ington—half-past ten.
Tivyeide—Monday, Abercary_Thursday, Petre—ten.
Trelawney's, Mr.—Tuesday, Buller's Arms, Dean—Satur-
day, Flete Western Lodge—half-past ten.
Tynedale—Monday, Belsay, —Wednesday, Beaufront—Fri-
aTrhthurßsridadyg,e—half-past ten.
day, Bavington—quarter to eleven.
V. W. H. (Mr. Greaves's)—Tuesday, the greyhound, Sid-
dington—Thursday, Crudwell—Saturday, Cricklade—
eleven.
Vale of Ayron—Tuesday, Derry Ormond—Friday, Llan-
Ash Warren--quarter toN eelweviennn.
Vine
fiShantevelo:naA—rl E. Whieldon's)—Tuesday, Manor House,
Warwickshire—Monday,Wilnston Bridge—Tuesday, Wes-
ton House—Thursday, Harwood's House—Friday, Rad -
way Grange—quarter to eleven. Saturday—Stratford .on-
Avon—twelve. Bonyhurst—Saturdah
Western (Capt. Gurney's)—Tuesday, Coach and Horses,
St. Hilary—Friday, Nancothan —half-past ten.
Wilts, South—Monday, Knoyle--Wednesday, Fovant
Elm—Friday, Vern Ditch—quarter to eleven.
Worcestershire—Monday, Bishop's Wood—Wednesdah
Wyre—Friday, Monk Wood—half-past ten.
Wynn's, Sir W . W.—Monday, Saur Bridge--Tuesday, As-
ton—Thursday, Whitchurch—Friday, Pentre, Bychau
—half-past ten.
Yarborough's, Earl of—Monday, Roston Wood—Tues-
day, El awwoeorbttoynHHoaulLee—lTevheunr.sday, Pelham 's Pillar—
Friday,York and Ainsty—Monday, Shires Bar—Tuesday, Ancas-
ter—Thursday, Ribston Hall—Saturday, Moreby—half-
past ten.

HARRIERS.
Brampton—Tuesday, Abbey Bridge--Thursday, Walton—
Saturday, Rule Holme—ten (weather permitting).
Brighton—Monday, Patcham—Wednesday, Racecourse
—Saturday, Dyks—quarter to eleven.
Brooksend—Monday, Monkton—Wednesday, Bromfield—.
half-past ten.
Brownlow's, Earl—Tuesday, Norcott Hill—Saturday,
Streatham Common—eleven.
Clayton—Tuesday, Lightcliffe—Friday, Calverley—ten.
Cowbridge—Monday, Wallace—Thursday, the Aubrey
Arms—eleven.
Craven— Monday, Silesdenmorr Wednesday, Syke House
—Friday, Kileton—eleven.
Eamont (Mr. Cowper's).—Wednesday, Kirkby Shore—
Saturday, Longwathbey—half-past ten (weather per-
mitting).
Eastbourne—Monday, Rodmell—Thursday, Pevensey
station—half-past ten.
Elstow—Wednesday, Barford Bridge—Friday, Maulden
Chestnut Trees—half-past ten.
H. H.—Monday, Wents Roo—Thursday, Ingham Bridge
—eleven.
High Peak—Tuesday, Robin Hood Toll-bar—Saturday,
Elton—twelve.
Langport—Monday, the Kennel—Saturday, Tentenhall
Forts—half-past ten.
Lens&le's, Earl of—Friday, Broughton Farm—twelve,
Montgomery—Wednesday, Meadowtown—Saturday, the
Frydd.
Norfolk, East—Monday, Barford Cock—Friday, Hard-
wick Hall.
North Walsham (Mr. Rudd's)—Monday, East Ruston—
Friday, Swafield Bridge—eleven.
Price's, Mr. Lloyd—Monday, Llandilo—Wednesday,
near Llangadoch.
Pryse's, Mr.—Monday, Blaencourt Cross Roads—Thurs-
day, Naut Henfol—half-past ten.
Romney Marsh—Monday, Midley Chapel—Thursday,
Romney Warren—Saturday, the Kennel—half-past ten.
Ruffwell—Monday, More-lane, Sowton, near Exeter—
Thursday, Reed's Farm, Broadclis—Saturday, Thorver-
tea Village—half-past ten.
Sompting—Tuesday, Findon Windmill—Saturday, Bram-
ber Castle—eleven.
Stockton, Billingham, and Hartlepool—Monday, Newton
Bewley—Thursday, Sedgefield_half•past ten.
Tanat Side (Mr. Evan's)—Tuesday, Llansaintffmid—Satur-
day, Carreg Offa—half-past ten.
Taunton Vale—Monday, Horse and Jockey, Heathfield—
lhursday, Brick Kilns, Bickenall—half-past ten.
V. E. H. (Mr. E. H. S. Hudson's)—Monday, the Marsh
Gate, Defford Common—Thursday, Hazeloe Hill, near
Evesham—eleven.
Whitehaven—Monday and Wednesday, Bootle—Friday,
Monkfoss Whitbeck—ten.

THE YELVERTON CASE.—A report has been pre-
valent in the Court of Session for the last day or two
that this court is to be immediately advised. It is said,
upon what authority we are not aware, that there is a
division of opinion among the Judges, two of them
being disposed to alter or reverse the interlocutor of
the Lord Ordinary, while the third is for substantiating it
u
in its integrity. Probably there is no foundation for the
rumour beyond the wishes of its propagators. It will be
tl‘o rcte d recollectedremove byGordon,th
the effecthieauhistthe j
observations
dges appeared to be considerably of the Lord Advocate, and that
affected
I'l
ereply for Major Yelverton was unable
o f that impression. Very likely the
mtlfelrsUbiungalliOnwaoYfisdisePaislelsan. d the preser-
vationexisting inference has no more substantial basis.
—The Direct
of health, it is all important to maintain the purity
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in restoriPg and Protecting the human frame and freeing
R eE !el )4E.
it from fevers, influenza, congestions, inflammations, froEr
neu-
ralgic and gouty pails—in short from the many dangerous
maladies arising from bad blood. A pure circulation is
good security for life and health ; when it is right the
nerves are in excellent condition ; and on the order, har-
mony, and completeness of these two systems depends the
perfection of life, energy, health, and happiness.