The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-03 00:00:00

••%--.1 .....--.-.
theocracy with modern civilisation." Vnis is
the exact truth, so far as the EMPEROR'S proposals
are concerned, and assuming him to be sincere, he
is doubtless engaged in the most impractica .ble pro-
ject on earth. The POPE is an ecclesiastic, and of
all men none ever cling to earthly possessions as
those who tell us that their " kingdom is not of this
world." A view of their position, which they
always convert to the purposes of ambition, by
pleading that the administrators of the kingdom of
GOD on earth are of Divine right competent and
entitled to reign over all the Sovereigns and all the
people too of the earth. Modern civilisation is
wholly sceptical of this theocracy—this " Reign of
GOD," through fellow mortals who rarely indeed
seem distinguished from others by anything
but superior cunning. The old faith or supersti-
tion is gone past recovery. A secular ruler, the
other day, tried it on in Prussia, and he found, as
the ecclesiastics find, that it passes now but for a
joke, and that in proportion as the propounder is
thought to believe his dogma, he is also thought to
be, in plain English, a fool. The EMPEROR has no
belief himself in theocracy—except the theocracy
of the people; and he cannot expect the Italians
to accept to their wrong a dogma which he rejects
to his own advantage.
But Europe does not believe in all these sham
proposals to Rome. It would respect the EMPEROR
more if he avowed himself in favour of "the good
old rule, the simple plan"—that he should declare
openly—l am at Rome, and I'll keep there. France
has a tradition that she ought to keep adjoining
nations weak. I shall act in accordance with her
traditions by violently dismembering Italy. The
women and the priests plague me to death to take
care of his HOLINESS, and his precious temporali-
ties, so I will do it. As to wronging the Italians,
what care I whether they are wronged or not, if
I can but keep myself quiet on the throne,
and content France. As to the future, it must take
care of itself ; Carpe diem." Such we believe to be
the EMPEROR'S real feeling, not a very respectable
one to be sure. Far better for him could he have
the decision to follow the advice of M. FORCADE ;
and " to find in the feeling of right, sufficient
courage to mark the term of the military protection
France has so long afforded to the court of Rome."
Whatever the literary defects of GARIBALDI'S letter
he is right in his description of the political degra-
dation of France, when he says, that " after almost
a century she is reduced to combat the liberty of
nations—to protect tyranny—and to direct her
efforts to steady, on the ruins of the temple of rea-
son, that hideous, immoral monstrosity—the
Papacy." France, assuredly, degrades herself in
degrading the Romans. By oppressing the weaker,
and fearing their united strength, France, in truth,
proclaims herself—a coward.

At last there is the Amnesty conceded, by the
King of Italy, to GARIBALDI and his companions.
At the eleventh hour, it is true, and when almost
despaired of. Even then—strange to tell—it is
announced to be an Amnesty won from VICTOR
EMMANUEL, in answer to the entreaties of his
two young daughters. As if there could really have
been any need for intercession, in GARIBALDI'S
behalf, with the KING, from anyone' whatever !
One might rather have fancied that the King's
own heart and conscience would have been the
Hero's most eloquent and importunate advocates.
Such, however, does not appear to have been in any
way the case. The daughters of the King of ITALY
have had to intercede with that monarch in favour
of the most chivalrous and disinterested champion of
the crown of the King their father, before the prison
door, could be flung open, by order of the latter, to
GARIBALDI and his Garibaldians. Or—is it that
all this delay—like so much more, like, let us say,
the former Proclamation of the Italian Sovereign
declaring GARIBALDI a traitor in the event
of his not abandoning the mad enter-
prise that ended so abruptly and pitiably
at Aspromonte—is it that this last scene in
the last act of the grand Italian serio comic
melodrama is the effect of a mere pretence or make-
believe ? There is room enough for suspiciori of
this, in truth, under existing circumstances. For
is it not painfully within the recognition of every
one, that the King of ITALY has decidedly to care
for the keeping of appearances (if for nothing more
cordial and serious than that) with his most for-
midable ally the Emperor of the FRENCH ?

That the French EMPEROR has a divided ambi-
tion in regard to Italy, and therefore in regard
to the bearing of his policy upon the councils
of the Italian KING,is a fact by this time
notorious. Who can doubt it ? We have
been looking on at the demonstration of this fact,
stage by stage, ever since the war of Italian Inde-
dependence was commenced. The signal for the
commencement of that war was undeniably given
by his Imperial MAJESTY. Perhaps we should
rather say by the terrible hand-grenades thrown
upon the Paris pavements by ORSINI and his ac-
complices with a view either to the destruction of
that potentate or to the administration of a very
broad hint to him as to the only path he could follow
with security if he wished to avoid an otherwise in-
evitable death by assassination. The hint was not
given in vain. The path was very soon after-
wards followed. NAPOLEON—carefully arranging
all his warlike plans beforehand—suddenly
,6 broke" with his hitherto ally and Imperial cousin
the KAISER. At the reception given to the corps
diploinatique more than three years ago, the EM-
pEROR was as rude (shall we venture upon the verbal
solecism') as he civilly could be to the Austrian
ambassador'
It was his Uncle's interview with
Lord
WHITWORTH all over again. But the news
of the rupture
which then took place travelled a
little more quickly—than upon the occasion of ,
the former scene of the like kind, in
ambassador, and not the
which the English
had been snubbed by
instead of by NAPOLEON LE
Austrian =bass ad
or,
NAPOLEON LE GRAND,
d by the reigning EMPEROR
PETIT. Before an hour of the clock had sped by after
the notable words, uttere
Telegramsat the Tuileries,hadconveyed
the
t t e red—Mr. REUTER's
tidings
to London,
to Vienna, to Berlin, to Turin, and elsewhere !
Then came the war itself, of which those tidings
were the earliest announcement. Our chief morn-
ing contemporary insists to-day that
it would be
uncivil to remark that it was a war undertaken for
selfish objects by the French NT
—OVEREIGI
But
remain we as dumb as ever the Times could wish
us to remain—all of us courtly allies of the French
Government over here in England—the discourteous
truth has been long since blurted out beyond the
possibility of further concealment. Savoy and Nice
proclaim it upon the
n
so glaring in their sigizza:e,ofthEautrothpee, colours
are now told not to whisper a hint about, is unde-
niable—glares upon the recognition
of all Christen-
dom. And not only is it thus by reason of the
transference long since of Nice and Savoy from
Italy to France; but it is visibly before
us, if possible,
yet more glaringly, yet more undeniably, in this
dead lock originally caused and persistently kept
up with a view to the effectual obstruction of the
march of events in Italy—caused and maintained
by the perverse, obstinate, shuffling, and (we mast
say it, uncivil though it be to blurt the word out
again in regard to our imperial ally) the selfish policy
of the Government of the French EMPEROR. The

C.••••..
why and the wherefore of that policy—the reason
for the pertinacious maintenance of the dead lock
here spoken of as preventing the further march of
events in Italy—who does not by this time compre-
hend it ?

The EMPEROR is reluctant to the very last
to quit that foothold he has upon the Italian soil—
a foothold he has retained ever since he succeeded as
Prince President of the French Republic, to the
situation created by the memorable act of the Na-
tional Assembly during the Presidency of General
CAVAIGNAC ! That act being the despatch of
a division of the French Republican army under
the command of OUDINOT to put down the Maz-
zinian rule then established at Rome, a very brief
while after the assassination of Rossi. When
Louis NAPOLEON BONAPARTE was elected Pre-
sident by nearly 6,000,000 Frenchmen on
the 10th of December, 1848—the despatch
of a French Division to take Rome from
GARIBALDI, had not only some time previously
been decided upon by the National Assembly,
but that Division had actually crossed the waters
of the Mediterranean from Toulon to Civita
Vecchia—while CAVAIGNAC was still in power
as President, nay as more than President, as Dic-
tator ! Succeeding to this not unwelcome " situa-
tion" in regard to Italian affairs, when he first
assumed power as President of the French Re-
public, Louis NAPOLEON has carefully preserved
his standing ground there in Central Italy ever
By his clever use of it, aided by the
vigorous dash he made to emancipate Lombardy,
he has contrived to secure to himself Savoy and
Nice as part and parcel of his own dominions. He
still keeps his hold upon Rome to this day—for ulte-
rior purposes of a yet grander and bolder
kind. The complexion of these designs is
known to us all familiarly. It is one essenti-
ally of a dynastic character. Emperor NAPOLEON
he is himself already—he has been for ten years
past. King of ITALY, like his uncle, he knows per-
fectly well he never can hope to be. Any more
than he can dream of becoming Protector of the
Confederation of the Rhine, or Mediator of Switzer-
land ! Any more than he can hope to transform the
little Prince Imperial into another Boy King of
ROME! But other visions of a somewhat kindred
description' he obviously does cherish, and has all
along cherished. Might not one of his Cousins—
Cousins not by Royal courtesy, but by Blood Re-
lationship—might not one of his cousins (Prince
MURAT) conveniently for the Napoleonic policy, fill
the throne of the Two Sic:lies ? Might not another
of his cousins (Prince NAPOLEON) fill another and a
bran new throne there a little to the north, say in
Tuscany ? In these pertinent inquiries, we believe,
lie the two strands carefully intervolved, making
up together a clue capable of guiding us to the
very heart of that otherwise bewildering and almost
impenetrable labyrinth—the Italian policy of
NAPOLEON 111.

since.

The Messrs. NEILL BROTHERS have always been
amongst the most trusted prophets on the future of
the American war, they having both the amplest
means of forming as good a judgment as can well
be formed, and every inducement to publish what
they really believe. They now tell ns that their
former views of Southern power to resist the North
are more than confirmed—they had always repre-
sented the Southern territory as naturally, on ac-
count of its physical character, not be conquered
by the Federals ; but even they were not prepared
for the South coming forth with military strength
sufficient to drive the invaders from their soil, and
to invade in their turn. They conclude, therefore,
now ajortiori, that the subjugation of the South by
the North must be regarded as a chimera. They
' also point out what an opportunity the North has
lost for ever by not accepting the first secession of
the first seven States :—"Had the United States
let them go, and satisfied themselves with garrison-
ing the Border States, where free labour is already
in the ascendant, they would by the same stroke
have got rid of their only irrepressible difficulty—
slavery, and have secured their preponderance on
the continent; a preponderance which they might
hereafter have used for the advancement of their
free labour system. Satisfaction with the recog-
nition of their independence, fear of the destruc-
tion of their property by blockade, or
by an emancipating policy on the part of the
North, the desire for time to consolidate their new
system and to obtain the recognition of foreign
Powers, and many other reasons, would have bound
the Southerns to a pacific policy long enough to
enable the North to deal with slavery in the Border
States, where it was already dying out. Thus would
the North have retained over half the lands of the
Union, some three-fourths of its population, and
seven-eighths of its wealth,comprising all the States
which exhibit in any high degree the commercial,
manufacturing, scientific, or intellectual qualities or
attainments which go to make up a great nation."
Instead of this, the South has been allowed to fight
itself into respectability, to prove her capability of
maintaining her independence, and to leave but one
ground for the refusal of recognition by Eurcpean
Powers—that of her barbarous system of slavery.
Whether we are to credit the reported conversation
of the Southern Representative at Paris with the
EMPEROR, we may be allowed to doubt ; but
we have no doubt that even Louis NAPO-
LEON would dislike exceedingly the recognition
on equal terms of a confederacy of slaveholders.
The EMPEROR also well knows that the feeling on
the subject is so strong in England that he could
hardly expect us to join in a recognition of the
South, unless he had first persuaded them to take
some step towards emancipation. Mr. SLIDELL is
said to have promised to consult his country about
it, which he will certainly do in vain.
Messrs. NEILL can perceive, however, in the
North no thought of conceding the pzinciple of
separation—not even at the time of their worst
reverses. They do not, however, think it im-
probable that the course of events may give pro-
minence in the North to the party who desire peace
on any reasonable terms; but if asked no al whether
the policy of peace may not prevail, f, Not yet"
must, we fear, be the reply ; for, while those men
would never have fought to force union at the
cannon's
mouth, they, like all other men not
members of the Peace Society, consider a safe and
desirable frontier,
really belongs to theira n deo
utnhteryp, owsos er st sin
h fightingpion of
Thus the idea, Ist, of a union of free-soilers and
shareholders built
conquest of the South
and
upon force ; 2d, of the
abolition of slavery
probably sap..
by arming the slaves against their masters ;
war degeherate by mutual
and 3d, of the complete yiwelidllinagnup by the North
•
di
of all t.
ande
uStionuyt ha demands,
ndthe
pear gi
consent into a contest for a boundary. When it
reaches that point less passion will be enlisted on
either side, less warlike enthusiasm will be felt by
the Southerners to sustain them amidst their priva-
tions, and a desire for peace may grow up on both
possible for mediators to
4r4eidnedsett.huaste
useful
110 l
offices.
render
Btut mobil the South is deter-
mined to go, and the North is determined that' she
e
shall stay, mediation would be a farce, and no solu-
tion seems possible."
Each can
To this contest for a boundary it can hardly be
doubted the struggle must soon come.
repel the other from its own soil—neither can do
' more. The question, therefore, will be, who shall'

hold Western Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and
Missouri. In all these Border States the slaves are
few. Emancipation, more or less gradual, would
be easy. That they should become the territory of
slave-drivers, can never be endured. The North,
and Europe, ought not to suffer it. Then, again,
it is certain, the mighty North-west will
never let the Mississippi flow through foreign
soil. They will not lose their free high
road to the sea. Missouri is already theirs,
they will insist on Arkansas, with its small popula-
tion of less than half a million, being declared free.
Louisiana is half Unionist already, and Texas, with
its population of only one to a square mile, must be
free too. Thus surrounded—the accursed nuisance
of slavery may be left to die out in its own hateful
domain, and the grand object of the Lincoln elec-
tion, the limitation of slavery will be after all at-
tained.

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA.

MISS LOUISA PYNE.

The most elegant and brilliant, and, if we may
judge by its repetitions, the most popular of Auber's
operas—" Les Diamans de la Couronne"— was
again performed last evening, in order to
afford Miss Louisa Pyne a re-appearance in her
favourite character, after her recent severe illness.
It is scarcely necessary for us to say that she
received a welcome from the whole house
which was unusually full—that was as fer-
vent genuine, as it was prompt
and
universal.and as
Apart from all her wonderful en-
dowments as the greatest ornament of our lyric
stage—Miss Pine has always maintained personal
relations with the public of a kind so honourable
and engaging, as to inspire them with the most
thorough sympathy in her well-being as well as
well-doing. Her loss, therefore, even for a week
or two, is not only a great musical privation,
but a source of genuine anxiety to thou-
sands of her supporters, the depth of which was
tolerably measured by the demonstrations of
last night. Though evidently not wholly re-
covered from the recent painful attack, there
was an inspiration in her welcome which
almost enabled her to resume the romantic
and attractive Catarina, with all her old power
and success. Upon the merits of a performance
which is so well known, and which has so long
identified her upon our stage with the adventurous
and delightful heroine, whom only a Scribe
could have imagined, and only an Auber
could illustrate —we can have no occa-
sion to enlarge. Suffice it that she acted with
all that mixture of ease and dignity, and of
refined and tender pleasantry, which has do long
been her distinction—whilst her singing was
equally remarkable for that union of melo-
diousness and brilliancy which make her vocal
triumphs just as unique as her dramatic. In mere
executant marvellousness Miss Pyne has no
equal with us, and only one rival else-
where—in the admirable Patti--but in that
union she displays of the most extraordinary
facility with the utmost luxury of sound, she
stands wholly alone on the lyric stage of Europe.
All her best efforts last evening were in sus-
tainment of this praise. The opening cava-
tina of the first act—the brilliant air
with chorus that follows the singing
lesson of the second, and the exquisite rondo which
succeeded—were all unabated instances of that
mingled and distinctive power which is as honour-
able to her own fame as it is delightful to her
hearers. Mr. Harrison was of course the eccen-
tric hero of the opera, and sustained it with
that easy humour, at once so comie and so gen-
tlemanly, which makes his acting so acceptable.
With little room in it for vocal display, what was
afforded him he executed with his usual taste and
spirit_ Mr. Corri was the Rebolledo, and
a more expansive and imposing coiner it
would be difficult to meet. Mr. St. Albyn, the
young Captain, and Miss Susan Pyne, the fair
Diana. For the band and chorus, and Mr.
Mellon, we have only our old acknowledgments.
The opera was so warmly received throughout that
we should suppose it would be repeated.

The Archduchess Immaculate, wife of the Grand
Duke Charles of Tuscany, has been safely delivered of a
daughter at his seat of Brandeis, in Bohemia.

SYMPATHY FOR GARIBALDI.—The Right Hon.
the Lord Mayor has consented to grant the use of the
Guildhall, in compliance with a requisition signed by up-
wards of 1,000 citizens, for a public meeting on behalf of
the gallant captive of Spezzia.

MR. COBDEN AT INVERNESS.—The distinguished
corn-law repealer paid a visit to Inverness last week, ac-
companied by his wife and daughter. The party arrived
here on Wednesday, and intended to take up their quarters
at the Station Hotel; but the place being crammed with
visitors, Mr. Marshall procured comfortable lodgings for
them in the house of Mr. Jack, shoemaker, who paid them
every attention, and who is naturally very proud of the
honour of entertaining such visitors. They left here by
the s•eamer on Friday morning, on a visit to Mr. Ellice's
hospitable mansion of Glenquoich.—lnverness Advertiser.
ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL.—On the 15th inst. the
new hospital of St. Thomas was opened for the reception of
patients at Surrey-gardens. The rapid and complete con-
version and adaptation of the old buildings to their new and
beneficent uses is one of the many surprising illustrations
of the power of modern organization and skill. The main
building is replete with every contrivance for the conve-
nience and cure of the sick,while the most efficient arrange.
ments have been made for the school,with its appurtenances,
in the shape of museums, libraries, and dissecting rooms,
in detached buildings on the grounds. The gardens, ex-
tending over more than 12 acres, have been carefully re-
stored, and will present a feature novel among metropolitan
hospitals. The student will here, in modern academic
groves, pursue his duties in a little oasis of quiet and beauty,
including every appliance for health, comfort, and relaxa-
tion, situate in the centre of an enormous population, such
as can alone require a large hospital, and supply the ele-
ments of medical, surgical, and obstetrical education. The
patients themselves will enjoy the advantages of free air,
repose, pleasant prospects, and exercise to an extent un-
known in other London hospitals. The situation and
c ipabilities of the place are felt to be so excellent that the
eccentric idea of building a new St. Thomas's in some dis-
tant rural spot must be abandoned.—Lancst.

The commercial accounts from the River Plate
yesterday afternoon were satisfactory. At Buenos Ayres
the passing of the measure tending to establish that city
as the capital of the Republic had created a great increase
of confidence both politically and commercially. The bill
has yet to be adopted by the Provincial Chambers, but the
Congressional vote was considered to be sufficiently strong
to render any local opposition useless. The present packet
brings £lO,OOO on account of Buenos Ayrean bonds. The
San Fernando Railway Company were making progress,
but no further steps had been taken with regard to the pro-
jected Cordoba line. A company has been formed under
respectable auspices to work the recently discovered silver
mines in the province of San Juan. The question of cot-
ton cultivation continued to receive attention, and, with the
revival of business, an increase of immigration was looked
for. The arrivals this year to the 31st August had been
12,000. From Montevideo the dates are to the 28th August.
Business was improving, and an active demand was ex-
pected to arise as soon as the roads were in condition to
admit of free communication. Staple cotton goods had ex-
perienced a rise of between 15 and 20 per cent. within the
last few weeks.

DIABOLICAL ATTEMPT TO OVERTURN A PAS-
SENGER TRAIN.—At half-past 9 o'clock on Tuesday even-
ing an attempt was made to upset a passenger train on the
East Lancashire Railway, as it was proceeding from Pres-
ton to Accrington. The train consisted of an engine and
two carriages, and contained about 20 passengers. As it
passed down the incline beneath the far-famed Boughton
Tower, and was approaching a viaduct over a stream called
the Derwen, the forewheels of the engine came upon some.
thing which caused the engine to jerk, but as it came to the
driving wheel it was dragged forward a few yards, and
then cut into two pieces. This was immediately followed
by the train running off the line. The train tore along for
upwards of 50 yards, but at length it was brought to a
stand just as it had crossed the viaduct. The passengers
were much alarmed, and as the train came upon the via-
duct many believed that they could scarcely escape
death. The obstruction was found to be a railway bar, 16
feet long, which had been placed act oss the line.
LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. —Among the other
works announced for early publication, by Messrs. Hurst
and Blackett, are the English translation of "Les Miser..
Ales," by Victor Huge, complete in 3 volumes; "English
Women of Letters," by Miss Kavanagh ; a new edition of
Mrs. Oliphant's "Life of Edward Irving;" "Greece and
the Greeks," by Miss Bremer, translated by Mary
Hewitt ; a new edition of " Female Life in Prison," by a
Prison Matron ; and 'f Slaves of the Ring ; or, Before and
After," by the author of Grandmother's Money," &c.
It sporting Tea without colour on the leaf pre-
vents the QhiAe§e passing off, inferior leaves as in the
usual kinds Hornunan's Tea is uncoloured, therefore,
always .900(1 alike. Sold in packets by 2,280 Agents,