The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-25 00:00:00

THE SUB, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENI.ING, OCTOBER 25, 1865.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCT. 25, 1865.

The City of Washington has brought us news
from New York up to the 14th of the month, and
although there is no particular event chronicled,
yet the general aspect of affairs is satisfactory, and
indicates a better condition of things. The alarm
about the relations of the Washington Cabinet with
France appears to have been somewhat overstated,
or at least to have subsided. No doubt there is a
large party who would gladly see the outbreak of
another war, from which they might reap profit and
position, regardless of the real interests of their
country ; but happily the general sense of the boly
politic is against them, and Mr. JOHNSON and his
colleagues must be too well acquainted with the
state of the finances to be inclined to enter upon
another and still more gigantic controversy. The
desolation which the Northern armies so wantonly
inflicted on the South has now reacted on the North
itself. It has crippled the resources of the States,
and helped to impoverish the national exchequer.
For long distances on the highways in the once
rich and fertile State of Missouri not a house, nor
a garden, nor a cultivated field is to be seen, while
the mail agents who are employed in the south-west
lament that in some parts there are hundreds of
miles without a place where a mail carrier could
stop to refresh man or beast. When this sort of
thing is repeated, as we know it to be in many
other parts, and when the fertile lands of the South
scarcely yield enough to keep life in the people, it is
certainly not the time to embark in a formid-
able war. To do so might, indeed, for a
time dispose of the negro difficulty, employ refrac-
tory or disaffected persons, and unite the energies of
North and South in a common cause, but every one
of the problems so postponed would grow more
troublesome when the time arrived for the inevitable
settlement, while the dispute would bring up a fresh
Stock of perplexities and embarrassments, which
Would propably end in the total breaking up of the
American Republic. The first step towards the
restoration of the old prosperity is undoubtedly the
pacification and reconstruction of the South. There
are many obstacles in the way, but, happily, the
two principal parties, the Southern people on
the one baud, and the American PRESIDENT on
the other, are anxious to come to terms and
are showing every disposition to aet with magnani-
mity and forbearance. The South Carolina depu-
tation, who were despatched to ask for the pardon
of JEFFERSON DAVIS, ALEXANDER STEPIIFNS, Secre-
tary TRENIIOLME, and Governor MAGRATH, received
as favourable an answer as could have been expected
from President JOHNSON. He said that all could not
be pardoned at once, and that in exercise
of clemency discretion was necessary. So
far as Messsrs. TRENHOLME and STEPHENS
he had anticipated the petition, but from the rest of
his remarks he hinted that DAVIS might be brought
to trial and condemned, but that then, clemency

u

would follow. The power of the Governmen,

punish treason should, he said, be determined by the
highest tribunal, and the fact declared, even
if executive clemency should follow. This
reply certainly intimates that it is not in-
tended to act with any severity towards Mr.
DAVIES, but it would be a good move if President
JOHNSON is really anxious to show favour to his
1 illustrious captive for him to grant the pardon
before the assembly of Congress. Mr. JOHNSON
is probably willing to proceed cautiously, and to
sound the feeling of the people before he goes to
the length of releasing Mr. DAVIS. But should
the Republican party succeed in forcing an adverse
vote, should they secure an expression of hostile
feeling in Congress, he will be considerably ham-
pered in his movements, and might perhaps lose the
opportunity of performing a graceful and magnani-
mous action, which would conciliate the Southern
people, would satisfy a large and influential body
of his own people, would raise his character and
influence in Europe, and would gratify all friends
of justice and all real well-wishers of his country.
Mr. JOHNSON has shown himself pretty capable
of doing all that is hoped, but we cannot
forget that he has very great difficulties to
contend against, not only among his colleagues,
but in dealing with that Radical party with which
he was formerly identified. The elections which
are now pending will have an important influence
no doubt on the future policy of the Cabinet.
Those of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and lowa
were held on the 10th, and resulted in the
success of the Republican candidates. This was,
of course, expected in Ohio, where the Republicans
have generally had large majorities ; but in Penn-
sylvania and lowa sharp contests were expected,
and the result in both instances will have disap-
pointed the Democratic party. Still we cannot
but hope that the returns cf other elections will
serve to temper in some degree the effect of these
two, and that the President may find a sufficiently
strong party to support him in the wise and states-
manlike course which he is now pursuing. Happily
Time, who works silently but surely, is treading out
the fierce anger of the North against the South, and
prudent and practical men are anxious to restore
the old status quo, instead of keeping up suicidal
feuds and antagonisms. It needs no great intellect
or foresight to perceive that the Republican policy
of confiscation, extermination, and condign punish-
ment for men whose only fault is that they have
loved their country too well, would very soon com-
pletely destroy all the hopes now formed of the
restoration to internal peace and prosperity of the
great Western Republic. The disinterested philan-
thropists of New England, who would like to see the
rich lands of the South divided between emancipated
negroes and their Northern patrons, would very
soon discover their mistake if they were suffered to
put their mischievous dogmas into practice. Happily
the popular sentiment is not on their side. General
GRANT has acted with promptitude and generosity
in the case of a Kentucky clergyman, who refused
to yield up his church when ordered by General
PALMER, for which offence he was arrested.
General GRANT released him, saying, " It is time
that military arrests and military commissions
were at an end. We are now at peace, and if any
citizen commits a political offence, he should be
taken before the civil courts and there tried for his
crime." By these timely words a serious outbreak
in Newport, Kentucky, was averted. The latest
news tells us that the President has abolished
martial law in that State, so that General
GRANT'S words will receive literal fulfilment ;
and a still further evidence of Mr. JOHNSON'S de-
sire to conciliate the South is given in the pardon of
General HummEvs, a Confederate officer of great
distinction, whom Mississippi elected for Governor.
This was a crisis, but the President settled the
matter by granting an immediate pardon to the
General, and thus removing all disqualifications.
He is not likely to lose much in Mississippi by such
a movement, which will do more towards consoli-
dating his Government and reconciling the mal-
contents to the supremacy of the Union than a
dozen standing armies or intimidating executions.

Mr. FARNALL has a thankless task in general in
his efforts to carry out the requirements of the
Poor-Law Board, but it waldom occurs that he meets
with such determined opposition as has been pre-
sented by the Board of Guardians of the Bermondsey
Union. Most people would have thought that the
instructions given in the new Act were plain and
precise enough, but apparently these guardians are
resolved to show the contrary. Mr. VILLIERS took
a great. deal of pains in the construction of the
Provisionary Act, by which the homeless poor were
to be secured a shelter during the winter ; and to
prevent confusion he has sent round a minute to
warn all Beards of Guardians of the importance
of their adhering to the rules laid down. The
principle is an admirable one which is laid down,
to the effect that all persons really destitute are
entitled to relief without reference to the question
of " settlement or reference." If this rule were
really carried out in its entirety, there could be
none of thew distressing and disgraceful scenes
which are a reproach to our wealthy city, where
the homeless wanderers are left to die of cold and
neglect in the street. It is positively revolting to
the mind to dwell upon such a theory, for when
we consider the consequences of this indifference
'and inconsideration on the part of the authorities we
must realise its mischief. It is quite evident, from
what has transpired relative to the treatment of the
applicants for admission to the Bermondsey Union,
that every possible difficulty will be thrown in the
way of the fulfilment of the enactment so wisely
passed during last Session. It is an old saying,
that where there is a will there is a way, and it
seems that no one is more skilful in devising con-
tradictory schemes, or more sharp in contesting
points, than those who are in authority at Unions.
Mr. FARNALL, however, is not a man to be trifled
with, and these sapient opponents to the new
regime may find this out to their cost; but in the
meantime, as usual, the poor must suffer for the
errors and obstinacy of those who should know
better. There has been plenty of time given to the
guardians of all the workhouses in the metropolis to
provide all proper and needful accommodation for
those who require it at their hands during the in-
clement season, and therefore the excuse alleged
that there was not sufficient room is alike idle and
groundless. Why was not more care taken to pro-
vide for the emergencies, instead of seeking out
deficiencies, with zeal worthy of a better cause, and
then triumphantly pointing them out to those who
seek to carry out the merciful provisions of the law
for the destitute and unfortunate? The Bermondsey
Guardians refuse to acknowledge the necessity im-
posed upon them of conforming to the law,
and seek to gain a most unenviable notoriety by
striking out boldly and defiantly in a line for them-
selves. Numbers of poor persons have been refused
admission to their workhouse, and yet as time went
on there were no steps taken to supply the defi-
ciencies that were thus made to serve as standing
excuses to the wretched applicants. The scene that
took place when Mr. FARNALL went to the Bermond-
sey Union to make inquiries into the truth of these
reports was a strange one indeed, and may well be
called a " conspicuous" one, even in the annals of

the Poor Law Board. The Commissioner alluded
to the report, which showed him that while 185
persons were admitted during the week, as many
as 142 were refused admission. In vain did Mr.
FARNALL explain the requirements of the law, for
there was evidently no intention on the part of his
hearers to comply with them. The attempts made
to confute the statements made by the report would
have been ludicrous had the matter not been so
important. The Chairman sharply cross-examined
the porter, and insinuated that he had counted the
lookers-on as well as those who made application
for admission, but the porter firmly stood his
ground, and declared that he knew better than to
do that, and that he " knew his customers
too well to put down any who did not apply."
Another guardian said that some might have come
back and been counted twice, and the porter said
that some had come back after having " tramped"
to other places and been refused, and that they
declared that they would " rather sit at the
door - step all night than go about any
more." This is the best satire upon the
result of the management of the Board of
Guardians, but it is a scandalous thing when the
Legislature has passed enactments that they cannot
be attended to. The Commissioner very plainly and
properly stated the duties imposed on the Board, he
said that they were bound to " give relief to all
persons who applied, and whom they did not know
to be criminals." And he furthermore told the
guardians that the poor must not be allowed to " die
in the streets and lie in the gutters of this civilised
and Christian country." This was a most fitting
rebuke to these perverse and misguided individuals,
and Mr. FARNALL deserves great credit for his de-
cisive and outspoken manner, but he made no visible
impression. Some of the guardians declared that
they were not going to have people in the work-
house who would not be admitted to common
lodginghouses. Was ever anything so pre-
posterous as this, and we would ask this
over-scrupulous where the class they condemn are
to go to. It is quite evident that, as a body, this
Board are quite incompetent to deal with the
weighty responsibilities intrusted to them, and it is
to be regretted that more authority is not vested in
the Poor Law Board to deal with them. Surely
something may be done, and, if not, the matter had
better be dealt with during next Session. What is
the use of laws being made if responsible persons
can set them at defiance. The Chairman bluntly
told Mr. FARNALL that he would not impose
any such duty on the relieving officer as
that alluded to, of providing shelter for
those who could not be admitted into the casual
wards. To show the perverseness of the guardians,
it is a fact that at present there is ample room for
accommodation in the Union, for it can take in
700, and has at present only 500 inmates. For
much power is given to the Boards of Guardians,
and the sooner they are prevented from refusing
admission to those who require it the better. A
more flagrant case of wanton indifference to the
law has seldom come under the notice of the public,
and it will excite just indignation.

HEALTH OF LONDON.

(From the Registrar-General's Weekly Report.)

In the week that ended on Saturday, October
21, the births registered in London and ten other
large towns of the United Kingdom were 3,803 ;
the deaths registered 2,854. The annual rate of
mortality in the week in those 11 towns was 26 per
1,000 persons living.

In London the births of 963 boys and 969 girls
in all 1,932 children, were registered in the week,
In the corresponding weeks of ten years, 1855-64;
the average number, corrected for increase of popu-
lation, was 1,959.

The deaths registered in London during the week
were 1,265. It was the 42d week of the year, and
the average number of deaths for that reek is, with
a correction for increase of population, 1,189. The
present return exhibits an excess of 76 deaths above
the computed number.

The deaths from diarrhoea in London are slightly
more numerous than they were in the preceding
week. In the three weeks of the present month the
fatal cases of this disease were successively 83, 54,
and (in the week that ended last Saturday) 62.
The mortality from diarrhoea exceeds the average
for the third week of October, which is 40.
Two children died from cholera, and two adults.
The following are the particulars of the latter cases :
—On the 16th of October, at 77, South-row, Ken-
sal-town, a whitster, aged 48 years,
." cholera (4
days), gradual exhaustion (14 days)." On the 14th
of October, at 10, Copenhagen-street, Islington, the
widow of a wine merchant, aged 73 years, " cholera
(2 days), exhaustion."
A man was suffocated by sleeping on a brickkiln
at Cubitt-town, Poplar. An infant died from a
splinter of wood swallowed accidentally in a little
sugar, causing perforation of the bowels and peri-
tonitis.

The five following cases were registered, in which
accidents by horses and carriages were fatal :—On
the 17th of October a carmaa, aged 27 years, fell
from a van ; died at Middlesex Hospital. On the
12th of October a female, aged 31 years, thrown
out of a cart ; died at the German Hospital, Dal-
ston. On the 7th of October the son of a labourer,
aged 11 years, run over by a waggon ; died at
Rushey-green, Lewisham. On the 12th of October
the son of a woodcutter, aged four years, run over
by a van ; died at the Royal Free Hospital. On
the 13th of October a coachman, aged 67 years, run
over by a waggon in the New-road ; died at the
University College Hospital.
The annual rate of mortality last week was 22
per 1,000 in London, 31 in Edinburgh, and 24 in
Dublin ; 40 in Liverpool, 34 in Manchester, 35 in
Salford, 25 in Birmingham, 37 in Leeds, 14in Bris-
tol, 30 in Hull, and 30 in Glasgow. The rate in Vienna
was 27 per 1,000 during the week ending the 7th inst.,
when the temperature was 4.7 deg. Fahrenheit
lower than in the same week in London, where the
rate was 21 per 1,000.
_ _

In Liverpool the births in the week were 341, the
deaths 36S ; AiannhAsitor, 94-0 births and 231 deaths;
Salford, 70 births and 74 deaths.; Birmingham, 247
births and 159 deaths ; Leeds, 172 births and 157
deaths ; Bristol, 132 births and 44 deaths ; Hull,
90 births and 59 deaths ; Edinburgh, 103 births and
103 deaths ; Glasgow, 335 births and 244 deaths ;
and Dublin, 141 births and 147 deaths. There were
289 deaths in Vienna during the week ending the
7th inst.

Among the population of Southampton (estimated
to the middle of the present year at 53,001) 26
deaths were registered during the week ending last
Saturday ; of these 3 were referred to cholera. The
annual rate of mortality during the week was 26
per 1,000 persons living.
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 29.337 in.
The readings rose to 29.87 in. on Sunday, and fell to
28.89 in. on Wednesday. The mean temperature of
the air in the week was 46.8 deg., which is 2.7 deg.
below the average of the same week in 50 years (as
determined by Mr. Glaisher). The mean daily tem-
perature was below the average on every day except
Tuesday. The highest temperature was 63.4 deg. on
Tuesday ; the lowest night temperature was 33.5
deg. on Friday. The range in the week was 29.9
deg. The mean daily range was 13.4 deg. The dif-
ference between the mean dew-point temperature
and air temperature was 2.1 deg. The mean degree
of humidity of the air was 93, complete saturation
being represented by 100, which point was actually
attained on Wednesday. Much rain fell ;it mea-
sured 2.09 in., of which 1.06 in. fell on Thursday.
There was rain on every day except Monday and
Friday. Rain began to fall at 10 35 a.m. on Wed-
nesday, and continued falling for 31 hours, during
which the fall was 1-52 in. The rainfall in London
appears to have been heavier than in most other
parts of England.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE
(REUTER'r3 TELEGRAMS.)
AMERICA.
-(Per the Belgin, via Greencastle.)
NEW YORK, OCT. 14, Evening.
There is no political mews of importance.
- COMMERCIALI INTELLIGENCE.
Money tight. Gold, 14:44. Exchange on London,
1571 ; do. Paris, 3581. New York Centrals, 101 ;
Illinois, 137 ; Erie, 921 ;15-20 Bonds, 1051. Cotton
firmer. Middling Upland, 62. Flour quiet. Wheat
steady. Corn declining. Provisions, good inquiry.
Coffee, sugar, and molasses steady. Petroleum
dull. Crude, 38. Refined, 61.

ARRIVAL OF THE ALLEMANIA.

SOUTHAMPTON, Our. 25.

The Hamburg and American Company's steamer
Allemania, from New York, on the 14th inst.,
arrived here to-day, with 232 passengers for Havre
and Hamburg, $409,092 in specie for England,
$21,500 in specie for Frrnce, and 57 bags of mails.

CHINA.

SHANGHAT, Sept. 4 (Via Trieste.)

The revolt in Western Tartary which is reported
to have resulted in the Severance of the entire pro-
vince of Ili from the Chinese Empire is headed by
a son of Chiang Kun, a celebrated Mahomedan
rebel.

A numerously attended meeting of the Chamber
of Commerce has been held at Shanghai, at which
dissatisfaction was expressed with the working of
the treaty of Tientsin.

Burgevine is officially ruported by the Mandarins
to have been drowned along with other prisoners.
Advices from Japan state that all was quiet at the

different ports.
The barques Despatch and Eliza Beneke have
been totally wrecked.

THE PRINCIPALITIES.

BUCHAREST, OCT. 23.

The concession for a discount bank, with a capital
of 40,000,000 fr., has been granted to Messrs. Mal-
let, Pereire, Salvadore, and Hottinguer, of Paris,
and Lord Hobart, Mesa-s. Richard Drake, Dupre,
Grenfell, and Hermann stern, of London.

PRUSSIA. AND THE DUCHIES.
SCHLESWIG, OCT. 25.

Baron Zedlitz, the Prussian civil commissioner
for the Duchy of Schleswig, has issued a circular
note to all the public functionaries and officials of
the Duchy, in reference to the demonstration made
in honour of the Duke of Augustenburg on
his passage through the town of Eckernforde.
lle orders the functionaries, in case of
any repetition of such an event, to call out the
military in order to restrain those who give titles
to any person, or pay him homage, which must be
reserved for the Sovereign of the country, and also
to proceed against any person who might accept
such demonstrations. The officials are ordered-to
declare within three days whether or not they are
prepared to carry out these instructions.

AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY.

PESTII, OCT. 24.

The Pesti Naplo publishes an article replying to a
Vienna paper which had asked what were the views
of the Deak party in reference to the public debt
of Austria.

It refers to the addresses of both Houses of the
Hungarian Diet of 1861, from which it infers that
Hungary is willing to settle the matter of the public
debt, not in accordance with the strict legal rights
of Hungary, but upon the basis of equity and the
common interests of lltingftry n.nrl Austria.

FRANCE.

PARIS, Oct. 25.

The Archbishop of Paris visited, yesterday, the
patients suffering from cholera in the Hospital de la
Charite.

The King of the Belgians went the day before
yesterday from the Palace of Lacken to Brussels,
and attended divine service in the royal chapel. His
Majesty afterwards gave private audience to several
persons of distinction, and a public reception to
Baron de Bille-Brahe, who had the honour of pre-
senting his credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiry of the King of Denmark.
The Queen of Spain has conferred the Grand
Cross of the Order of Charles 111. on Prince Ama-
deus of Savoy.
The King of Portugal arrived at Dresden on the
evening of the 20th, and alighted at the residence
of Prince George, his brother-in-law.
General M'Cle]lan, the Dresden journals state,
intends to take up his residence for the winter in
that city. .

The King of Prussia las returned from Westphalia
to the Chateau of BalbOsberg, where he will remain
till the setting in of the cold weather.
The Spanish Minister of the Interior, M. Posada
Herrera, has addressed a circular to the provincial
governors condemning ill idea of official candidates
in the approaching Parliamentary elections.

" Theireapolitan General Bosco," says the France,
" who had disappeared after his defeat, has again
turned up. He had established himself at Tangier,
where, with a capital of 60,000 fr. advanced to him
by a Madrid banker, he undertakes an export busi-
ness, which gives him at present the command of
several millions of franca."

A telegraphic despatch from Madrid states that on
the 22d there was a certain aggravation of the cholera
in the southern quarters of the capital. The returns
gave 136 cases, and 93 deaths. The departures were
continuing.
The Italian cholera returns of the 20th are as
follows :—Brindisi, 17 cases and 13 deaths ; Vieste,
10 cases and 7 deaths ; Naples, 4 cases and 3 deaths ;
San Giovanni a Tedduccio, 5 cases and 6 deaths ;
Barletta, 3 deaths ; Giovanazzo, 6 cases and 5 deaths.
Thorn worn 'Wades Ib-o‘..3,lsand 13 deaths collec-
tively in about a dozen different places.
BOURSE, Oct. 24.—Two o'Clock.—The market
has recovered its firmness, and Stocks and Shares
are in good demand. Threes, for the Account, are
doing at 68f. 10c., an advance of 15c. The im-
provement on Italian Fives is 10c.—viz., 65f. 55c.
Credit Mobilier Shares are quoted sf. higher—viz.,
890 f. Spanish Mobilier and Spanish Railways con-
tinue to be much offered. North of Spain have
again declined 2f. 500.—t0 205 f. Saragossa Shares
have fallen to 257 f. 50c., a fall of 7f. 50c. Three
o'Clock.—The market closed as follows:

41 per Cents 96 70
Do. end month —

Ditto Threes
Roman 75
Mexican Loan 4B 50
Do. Bonds 320
Russian
Austrian
Spanish Threes
Home Debt
39 25
Deferred

3 per Cents ' 68 15
Do. end month 6B 121
Credit Mobilier
Do end month

Bank Shares 3700
Credit Fonder 1325
Italian Loan 65 45

Do. end month 6O 60

'AYE.

Orleans
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona
Roman

Cash. Acct.
818 75
- ... 1093 75
856 25
563 75
- 530 -
- ... 533 75
- ... 225 -
- 403 75
- ... 428 75
- ... 210 -
- ... 256 25

-- - ... 170 -

THE ROYAL HARElERS.—Yesterday the first meet
of the season with the royal pack took place at Chippenha,m,
near Slough, on the farm of Mr. Aldridge, where an open
luncheon was provided for all present, among whom were
the officers of the 2d Battalion Grenadier Guards and Ist
Life Guards in garrison at Windsor, sa well as a goodly
muster of gentlemen farmers and other sportsmen. In-
cluded in the Avid were two ladies, who redo ttdmixOly.

THE CHOLERA.

(Prom the Times' Correspondent.)
SOUTHAMPTON, Tuesday.

. .
It is my painful duty to report to you the death
this morning, after three days' illness from a violent
attack of cholera of the worst type, of Dr. Francis
Cooper, the Officer of Health for this borough. He
was seized about 2 o'clock on Saturday morning,
when he called his servant and requested her to go
for some medical man, as he was taken very ill and
felt he should not be long here. Medical assistance
was speedily in attendance, and during Saturday
nearly every gentleman of the profession in South-
ampton saw him, and remedies of all descriptions
were successively applied, but it was painfully evi-
dent from the first that the attack would in all pro-
bability have a fatal termination. His naturally
strong constitution struggled manfully against the
malignant disease, but, notwithstanding, he gra-
dually sunk under its ravages, and he died at 25
minutes before one o'clock this morning, just three
days from the commencement of the attack. The
deceased had, it appears, been suffering slightly from
diarrhoea for three or four days previously, he hav-
ing complained of it as long before as on the Monday
evening to his friend Dr. Wiblin, when spending a
few hours at his house. So devoted was he, however,
to the performance of the arduous duties of his office
that on the evening of Friday he paid a visit of in-
spection to a cement factory at Northam, to ascer-
tain the effects of a new invention which had been
applied to the works with the view of getting
rid of a noxious effluvium previously generated in
the manufacture of the cement, and which detri-
mentally affected the health of the neighbourhood.
Dr. Cooper, who was 64 years of age, has been in
practice as a surgeon in this town about 40 years.
He was first appointed Officer of Health in 1850,
and performed the duties of that office for nearly
18 months without any salary. As an illustration
of the anxious and arduous work devolving upon
such an office in a large town like Southampton it
may be mentioned that its duties consist of visiting
all the common lodginghouses, slaughterhouses,
and nuisances of every kind, some of them of the
worst and foulest description. These visits he had
himself calculated at GO per week, making a gross
total of 3,120 per year, and frequently before a
nuisance could be removed three or four visits were
necessary, and an additional one before magistrates,
for which he received no additional remuneration,
and according to his own calculations he paid to
these different localities something like 4,000 visits
in all yearly. He had also to inspect the meat and
fish shops and markets in the town. The amount
of salary paid him for all this heavy work was £l5O
per annum,• up to three or four years ago, when it
was inreased to .E2OO. It is easy to conceive that
with such a multiplicity of duties considerable in-
jury might accrue to the private practice of any
medical man holding the office, and this was
what in reality occurred in Dr. Cooper's case. For
a week or two before the unfortunate gentleman
was seized with this fatal attack he now and then
complained of exhaustion, and he had a careworn
appearance, compared with his usual sturdy robust-
ness, which was attributable, no doubt, to the
harassing nature of his duties and the petty annoy-
ances to which he was occasionally subjected, espe-
cially during the last few weeks, in the discharge
of them. Added to this, one of his two sons, 31
years of age, died as lately as the 14th inst. at Leith,
which affected him very much. Dr. Cooper was
universally held in the highest respect and esteem
by his townsmen, and his death, which is deeply
regretted, can be regarded only as a great local
calamity. In his own profession also he held a
high place in general esteem.
Since the salutary change in the weather, which
set in on the 10th inst., when almost tropical heat
and drought gave way to a seasonably cold tempera-
ture and. heavy falls of rain, cases of cholera and
diarrhoea have diminished, but have not yec disap-
peared, insulated cases occurring almost daily. A
young man, of steady habits, clerk in a highly re-
spectable firm, had a severe attack on Sunday, but
yesterday evening his symptoms assumed a favourable
aspect, and I am happy to say he is now recovering.
Last Friday a sailor, who had been taken out of a
vessel in the river Itchen ten days previously, and
carefully attended to in the interim, died in the
workhouse from exhaustion and consecutive fever
after cholera.

I regret to say that a very virulent case, speedily
fatal, has occurred at Freemantle, a suburban dis-
trict to the westward of Southampton, in the person
of a young lady, 16 years of age, daughter of a
highly respectable commander in the South-Western
Company's service. The young lady was suddenly
attacked while in church on Sunday evening, with-
out any premonitory diarrhcea, and immediately
conveyed home. Medicine was administered to
her during the night, and on Monday morning Dr.
Griffin, of this town, was sent for. He first saw
her at half-past 10 yesterday morning, when he
found her very cold, pulse scarcely perceptible, and
in an advanced stage of collapse. Dr. Griffin ap-
plied icebags to the spine of the back, but all his
efforts were unavailing, and the unfortunate young
lady died at five minutes to seven this morning,
about 36 hours after the attack. He certifies the
case as one of the worst form of Asiatic cholera.
The deceased was a strong healthy girl. They
reside in a new house, supplied with water from a
well, and the district has no regular system of
drainage.

MADRID, Oct. 24.
The cholera has entirely disappeared from Bar-
celona, Valentia, and the Balearic Islands.

At Madrid yesterday there were 50 cases of
cholera, of which 32 proved fatal.
FLORENCE, Oct. 25.

The result of 65 elections to the Chamber of De-
puties are now known. Upwards of 50 of them are
favourable to the Government. •

The Proposed Cholera Congress•

PARIS, Oct. 23.

The following is the circular addressed by M.
Drouyn de Lhuys to the representatives of France
abroad, a summary of which appeared in our im-
pression of yesterday :--.

" Monsieur,—The recent irruption of the cholera
into Egypt, whence that malady has successively
spread into several other provinces of the Ottoman
empire, as well as into some portions of Europe, has
awakened the solicitude of the different Goveri-
ments as to the dangers to the public health offered
by the present insufficiency of the barriers opposed
to the development of the scourge. All those Go-
vernments, as well those of States which have
been attacked as those whose territories, up to the
present time preserved, may be subsequently
threatened, understand that it is their duty to guard
the population against a calamity doubly formidable
by the evils it entails and the disturbance it creates
in international relations.

"Each Power has thus adopted, either spontane-
ously or to satisfy the pressing desire of public
opinion, such arrangements as have seemed to it
most efficacious to defend its territory against the
invasion of the malady ; but experience has shown
that these preventive measures, taken separately
and differing according to locality, are difficult to
reconcile with the customs and wants of our age,
impatient of every shackle which fetters the liberty
of commercial transactions.

" Struck with the inconvenience of this situation,
the Government of the Emperor has asked itself
whether, at the same time that measures arc adopted
to arrest the evil in its course, it would not be
possible to direct attention first of all to attacking
it at the fountain-head by combating it energetically
in the very places where it arises by a system of
measures concerted with the territorial authorities.
To effect this object the Emperor's Government
has considered it was urgent to establish a prelimi-
nary agreement among the interested Powers, and,
for this purpose, to bring about the meeting of a
conference, in which, besides delegates from the
different States, men of science thought the best
fitted to assist its deliberations, by their especial
knowledge, might take their seats.
" The object of the conference would be to inves-
tigate the primary causes of cholera, to determine
its principal points of departure, to study its cha-
racteristics and its march, ,Lastly, it would have to

propose practical means for confining the disease
and stifling it at its origin. It is not our desire to
attempt to mark out in advance the programme of
its labours ; we wish to leave that care to the dis-
tinguished members who will be called upon to par-
ticipate in it, and who will certainly receive suffi-
ciently ample instructions to enable their studies
to embrace all the questions requisite to be examined
and resolved. It is, however, already at present per-
fectly understood that the conference, while preserv-
ing the utmost liberty in its views, will not have to
interfere in any act of internal administration, nor
to take the initiative in any proposition calculated
to obstruct the free exercise of territorial sovereignty.
The measures whose adoption it might advise would
be unable to be put in practice on the territory of
any State otherwise than, by the independent autho-
rity of the State itself.

‘! Owing to their geographical position, the coun-
tries of the Levant are first attacked by the scourge.
The Oriental Governments therefore are particularly
interested in the ameliorations it is desired to intro-
duce for the general welfare in the organisation of
the sanitary service, and we may reckon upon their
co-operation in the measures of which their subjects
will be the first to experience the beneficial effects. It
must not be forgotten that it is owing to the perse-
vering assistance of the Porte, to the successive im-
provements it has introduced into the adminis-
tration of the public health, that the problem of
the suppression of the plague has been happily set-
tled. It is from Turkey, therefore, that the con-
ference will be able to find the most efficacious aid
in its labours ; it is with her support that it will
collect the best element of practical solution. These
considerations, whose value will no doubt be appre-
ciated by the Cabinet of —, appear to me natu-
rally to point out the city of Constantinople as the
seat of the conference. Brought into more imme-
diate contact, in the capital of the Ottoman empire,
with the provinces in which the eoidemic has its
chief centres, the representatives of the foreign
Powers will gain valuable information from the
Superior Council of Health working under the
supreme direction of tho Porte. These favourable
conditions will render easier in that city than any-
where else the accomplishment of the important
Mission, to whose success the Administration of the
Sultan will consider it an honour to contribute.
" I request you, sir, to be good enough to com-
municate these views to the Cabinet of --. We
shall learn with great satisfaction that it gives its
assent to them. In the event that, as we are will-
ing to hope, the adhesion of the different Powers
should allow of the conference meeting within a
short period, I shall acquaint you with the choice
made of our delegates.
" You will find annexed a copy of the report
which, conjointly with his Excellency M. le Ministre
of Agriculture, Commerce, and Public Works, I
have had the honour to present upon this subject to
the Emperor, who has deigned to approve its con-
clusions. This document is not intended to be
communicated to the Government to which you are
accredited, but you may base upon it the arguments
which support the views set forth in this despatch.
—Receive, &c.

(Signed) " DROUYN DE LHUYS."

City Sewers Commission.

Yesterday the usual weekly meeting of the Commis-
sioners of Sewers was held at Guildhall, Deputy De Jersey
in the chair: A letter was read from the vestry of Ber-
mondsey on the subject of a resolution which was passed
by this board in answer to a letter sent to them by the
Lords of the Privy Council relative to the cattle plague.
In this resolution the board said that Dr. Letheby, their
medical officer of health, had suggested Bermondsey,
among other places, as a convenient place for slaughter-
houses and boiling places for the disposal of the carcases
of diseased animals, adding that in Bermondsey there were
already the sites of large manufactories of an offensive cha-
racter. The vestry felt that this resolution was likely to
convey to the Privy Council an impression that Bermond-
sey was at a distance from the City, occupied by offensive
trades, and a place where little injury could be done by the
erection of slaughter-houses and boiling places. The vestry
proceeded to show that such an impression would be very
incorrect, and they cited proofs from the present state of
Rermondsey to substantiate their views. They urgently
deprecated so great an injury being done to the inhabitants
as the establishment in their parish (I such places as those
referred to, and theyprayed that beforo any step was taken
towards the carrying out of the resolution the vestry would
be afforded an opportunity of urging their objections before
the Privy Council.

The receipt of this communication was ordered to be ac-
knowledged by Mr. Da w the principal clerk.
Dr. Letheby reported that the inspectors' returns related
to 242 houses which had been inspected during the past
week, and he submitted a list of 47 of those places which
required sanitary improvements to be effected in them. He
also submitted a list of 31 places requiring further proceed-
ings to be taken on account of orders lately issued, but
not yet complied with. Dr. Letheby then said that with
respect to the letter received from the Privy Council on
the 11th instant in reply to a communication from the
Commissioners concerning the disposal of animals which
had died of the cattle plague or had been slaughtered in
consequence thereof, he had to report that it appeared to
him to be of the utmost importance that the commissioners
as well as the public should be informed what were the
means referred to by Sir George Grey, and recommended
by Mr. Holland, inspector of burials, by which the carcases
of deceased animals could be completely disinfected other-
wise than by burial ; for while, on the ono hand, it was
necessary that such means should not only destroy with-
out fail the morbific matter of the diseased animals, but
should also prevent the carcases from becoming a nuisance,
so, on the other hand, it was proper that the process
should be carefully tested, lest by its failure, and a full
confidence in its powers, much mischief might ensue. He
had also to report that the difficulty submitted to the Go-
vernment of the disposal of animals which had died of the
cattle plague, or had been slaughtered in consequence
thereof, was not met by leaving it with the local authorities
to be dealt with according to the provisions of the Nuis-
ances Removal Act. Dr. Letheby next reported that the
markets and slaughter-houses had been duly inspected, and
that the officers had condemned 3,3571b5. of meat as unfit for
human food. It consisted of 11 sheep, 2 pigs, 28 quarters
of beef, and 20 joints of meat, 2,9871b5. were diseased,
1601bs. were putrid, and the rest was from animals which
had died from natural causes. He had also to report
that, on the 17th inst., the carcases of two cows which
had been slaughtered while suffering from the cattle
plague were seized by Inspector Wylde, and that after
condemnation and seizure the owner, who was a farmer at
Hendon, delivered the tongues, hearts, tails, and kidneys
of the diseased animals to a salesman for sale as human
food, and as these were afterwards condemned by the
magistrate at Guildhall, he (Dr. Letheby) submitted that
the matter was of sufficient importance to deserve further
investigation, with a view to further proceedings. Last
week there were 47 births and 31 deaths registered in the
City. The mortality returns were less than the average
(49) for the corresponding period of the last ten years.
Eleven of the deaths were among children of less than five
years of age, and only three among persons of 60 and up-
wards. The chief causes of death were as follows :
Phthisis, five ; hydrocephalus, one; mesenteric disease,
four; pneumonia, two; bronchitis, three; continued fever,
two ; measles, two ; scarlet fever, whooping-cough, and
diarrheea, one each ; making altogether ten deaths from
tubercular disease, five from inflammatory affections of the
lungs, and six from diseases of a zymotic character. These
returns, therefore, indicated asatisfactory state of thepublic
health. Lastly, Dr. Letheby reported that the illuminating
power of the gas supplied to the City during the past week
had been constantly above the standard of the act of Par-
liament, the average power having been nearly 14 candles,
but that the amount of sulphur in the Chartered and Great
Central gas had been above the quantity sanctioned by
Parliament.

JEWEL ROBBERY AT FOLKESTONE.—JeweIs to
the amount of £l,OOO value were stolen on Saturday from
the apartments of the Dowager Countess of Dunraven at
the Pavilion Hotel, Folkestone, where the countess and
some members of her family have been staying during
several weeks. Mons. Doridant, the hotel-keeper, was on
the Continent at the time. Active measures were promptly
taken by the local police, and detectives from Scotland-
yard were brought down. Up to last night, however, no
clue to the thief or the property had been obtained.
BREAKFAST BEVERAGE. —tiomccop utile practitioners, and
the medical profession generally, recommend cocoa as being
the most healthful of all beverages. When the doctrine of
homoeopathy was first introducei into this country, there
were to be obtained no preparations of cocoa either attrac-
tive to the taste or acceptable to the stomach ; the nut was
either supplied in the crude state, or so unskilfully manu-
factured as to obtain little notice. J. Epps, of London,
homccopathic chemist, was Induced in the year 1839 to turn
his attention to this subje t, and at length succeeded, with
the a=ssistance of elaborate machinery, in being the first to
produce an article pure in its composition, and so refined by
the pert: et trituration it receives in the process it passes
hrough, as to be most acceptable to the delicate stomach.
For general use Epps' cocoa is distinguished as an invigo-
rating, grateful breakfast beverage, with a delkious aroma
Dr. Hassall in his work, "Food and its Adulterations,"
says—" Cocoa contains a great variety of important nutritive
principles; every ingredient necessary to the growth and
sustenance or the body." Again, "As a nutritive, cocoa
stands very much higher than either coffee or tea." Direc-
tions: —Two teaspoon !ills of the powder in a breakfast cup,
filled up with boiling water or milk. Secured in tin-lined
1-Ib., Ob., and lib. labelled packets, and sold at is. 6d. per
lb, by grocers, confectioners, and chemists.

•
et Ctrit 111:

HER MAJESTY.

BALMORAL, Oct. 21.
The Queen, accompanied by. the Princess Helena,
and attended by the Marchioness of Ely, drove to
Alt-na-Guithasach.

Their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess
Louis of Hesse rode on .horseback, attended by
Baron Rabetat. "

The Rev. Principal Tulloch, D.D., one of her
Majesty's chaplains, arrived on a visit.

OCT. 22.

Her Majesty, accompanied by their Royal High-
nesses Princess Helena and Princess Louise, at-
tended divine service at the parish church of Crathie.
The Marchioness of Ely was in attendance.
The Rev. Principal Tulloch performed the service,
and had the honour of dining with the Queen and
royal family in the evening.