The Sun.
London, England, 1865-08-15 00:00:00

Among others who have determined to emigrate is
Gen. Beauregard, who is expected to arrive in New
York in fa few days, to take steamer for Europe.
The President has given him permission to go, on
condition that he will never take up arms against
the United States, and it is presumed that he will
tender his services to the French Emperor. G en.
Richard Taylor, who has recently applied for pardon,
is in *Washington, endeavouring to get permission
from the President to have an interview with Jeffe-
rson Davis. He has not been successful, but will
call upon the President until he is either bluntly re-
fused or succeeds in his undertaking. Gen. Taylor
is a brother-in-law of Mr. Davis, and a son of Pre-
sident Taylor of the United States.
The newspapers throughout the country are all
asking for a further reduction of the army and navy.
Beyond the troops now in Texas, and a few regi-
ments in Southern cities not yet provided with local
governments, they see no necessity for 200,000
troops under arms and in pay, and on all sides they
clamour for a reduction. The
.Government is dis-
posed to reduce the navy, but until the South is
completely settled, and there is no longer any
danger of a war upon the Rio Grande, the army
will not be materially reduced. The spirit of the
people of the South is by no means broken, and
they are determined to choose men of their own
way of thinking for the State Conventions and local
offices, and this the Government is determined to
prevent, by force if necessary. Until the South is
completely subdued, and brought to the Radical
way of thinking, or, what is most probable, it get
what it wants in spite of the military, the army will
not be reduced.
The intention of the Government to control the
Southern elections by means of the military is plain.
You are already aware that in the late municipal
election at Richmond the entire Southern Rights
ticket was successful. The mayor and other officers
were to have been formally inducted into office on
the 28th of July, and every preparation was made
for the ceremony, some of the people having even
gone so far as to get from Governor Pierpoint a po-
sitive statement that, as the commissions of those
officers did not come from him, he had no right to
withhold them, and would not interfere in the case
of any of the officers. The ceremony was cut short,
however, by Gen. Terry, the military commandant,
who issued an order declaring the election null and
void, and prohibiting the candidates elected from
taking their seats. This course will, no doubt, be
pursued throughout Virginia, for every county has
chosen officers of a similar stripe ; but some day the
people must triumph, for, as all are of the same way
of thinking, every election must result in the
triumph of the party opposed to the Government.
In Tennessee General Thomas, the department com-
mander, has given Governor Brownlow all the mili-
tary aid he wishes to suppress the Opposition party.
Thomas has written a letter fully endorsing the ar-
bitrary course, and showing for him most unenviablo
alacrity in carrying it out. He threatens the captive
Emerson Etheridge with a military commission,
and promises Governor Brownlow the aid of every
Federal soldier in Tennessee.
It is natural to suppose that such treatment as
this, after President Johnson's announcement that
the Southern States had all the rights and powers
they enjoyed before the war, should make the
Southern people restive. From all quarters the
reports are that their hatred of the Federal Govern-
ment is intense, and they demand their rights as
citizens of independent States. In North Carolina
newspapers are springing up in all parts, which
openly denounce the Government, and advocate a
new rebellion. The military, however, are so dis-
tributed over the country that such an outbreak
would be suppressed at once. If President Johnson
would issue a proclamation allowing the Southern
people their own way in their local elections the
South would be conciliated at once. In Florida it
is stated that the military are in a complete muddle.
They do not know whose department they belong
to, and as they receive conflicting orders from Gen.
Canby at New Orleans and Gen. G illmore at
Charleston they follow the wise but unsoldierly
course of obeying neither.
The negroes still demand a large share of the at-
tention of the country, and, as a straw to show the
way the wind blows, John Cochrane, of New York,
a prominent Republican, in a recent speech at
Washington took strong ground against negro suf-
frage. As Cochrane is somewhat of a trimmer, and
of course sees the political future very clearly, his
decided stand against the negro is good testimony
that the majority leans that way. There is being
perfected in the South, under the control of the
Freedmen's Bureau, a complete system of laws, in
dependent of the civil authority, for the govern

ment of the negro. Both in civil and criminal cases
he is to be tried in special courts, and in Tennessee
and Virginia the system is already in active opera-
tion. These courts are called provost courts, and

their judges are usually fanatics whose negro senti-
mentalism is so strong that they see no evil in the
coloured race. Hereafter a white man in the South
may despair of justice against a negro; just as in
the olden time the negro despaired of justice against
the whites. From Louisiana we have a report of
_

one gratifying result of the refusal of the negroes to
labour. In consequence of the demoralisation of the
negroes in many parts of the State the white popu-
lation went into the fields themselves, and are now
producing the finest crops of the South. If the ex-

periment succeeds in the end as well as it has in the
beginning it should settle the question of the ability
of the white man to labour in sugar end cotton
fields.

Every Western mail brings us intelligence of the
intention of all the Indians along the border to
unite in a war against the whites. Nearly every
tribe from the Canada line to the Gulf is in the
league, and the object is revenge' for the massacre
of the Cheyennes. Several columns of Federal troops,
principally in Minnesota, are advancing against the
Indians, and the war has actually begun. The
overland telegraph line to San Francisco has been

cut, and there is a report that the mail stages no
longer run. On July 25 1,000 Indians, of the Sioux,

Cheyenne, and Blackfeet tribes, attacked a tele•

graph station 50 miles west of Fort Laramie. The
garrison numbered less than 200, but, being se-
curely posted in a blockhouse, succeeded in driving
the Indians off after a conflict of two days' dura-
tion. Thirty-three whites were killed and wounded.

The Indians retreated west, along the telegraph
road, destroying the line, and declaring that they
would now fight the whites for all time. The War

Department is alarmed at the state of affairs, and
large bodies of troops are already on the way to de-
fend the border against Indian raids. It is esti-

mated that there are 320,000 Indians in the western
tribes.

Quite a novel contest between rival steamers is
soon to come off in New York. A Mr. Dickerson

challenged the Navy Department, and offered to pit
his steamer against any steam vessel in the service.
He was sure that a steam engine built on his prin-
ciple a construction burned less coal and produced

more power than any engine in the service. As
Dickerson has annoyed the department greatly, the
secretary would not for a long time take any notice
of him until compelled by the newspapers. Then
the department, evading the trial of speed, accepted
the challenge, on condition that both vessels should
be tied to the wharf, and minute observations
should be taken of the amount of coal burned, and

the number of revolutions made by the machinery of
each vessel. This novel experiment is to be made
in New York, and will continue for 96 consecutive
hours, but the most probable result will be not that
either vessel will come out first in this treadmill

race, but that both will spring a leak from the un-

usual strain upon their timbers.
The great Chicago Lake tunnel, the fame of which
must be world-wide, is being pushed forward very
successfully. The mammoth crib, which is to be the
terminus in the lake, has just been sunk about two

miles from the shore, from which distance the water

to supply the city will be taken. The tunnel can
soon be bored from both ends, which will hasten the

progress of the work, which now advances at the
rate of 17 feet a day. The workmen have already
bored it out from the shore at a distance of 3,206 ft.
When completed the cost of the tunnel will not be
less than X 2,000,000, but the people of Chicago can
afford to pay this price for such a supply of pure,
fresh water as the tunnel will bring them, and think
its cost cheap.