The Sun.
London, England, 1862-12-19 00:00:00

TUE SUN, LOMPON, FRIDAY EVENING, DECEVIBEIR 19, ISM

makes slavery, for the first time in the world,
the foundation and corner-stone of its sys-
tem. We aro pleased to hear Mr. BRIGHT
at last speaking out on the subject of slavery
as he now does. We could not doubt his
views on the subject, but we have often regretted
that, before the present disruption, he seemed
always afraid of irritating the Americans by allud-
ing to the subject. Now that the elavehoiders are
separated by their own act from the non-slave-
holders, he no longer retains any such feelings. He
can speak of slavery as the one " huge foul blot
upon its fame, a hideous outrage upon divine and
human law," and so forth. We are glad that the
conduct of the South has liberated the tongue of
our great orator to say what we could wish he had
done while these same slaveholders were really
governing the whole country. We quite agree with
the hon. member, however, in regarding the
Southern rebellion as one for slavery, and for
nothing else. However long the North may
have felt itself not justified in violating the
common constitution of all the States in regard
to slavery, however slow it may have been
to declare war against slavery itself, as not
warranted to do so, it is notorious that the South
began and has persevered in its rebellion for
slavery and nothing else. To the very last the
Virginian deputies would have made terms with
Mr. LINCOLN himself, if he would have conceded
the right of the Slave States to take their slaves
into the free territories of the United States. So
demented were they for slavery, that though no
one proposed to meddle with it where it existed,
they plunged into war merely to secure a right
to blast with negro bondage all the yet free soil
of North America.

Mr. BRIGHT is, we are sorry to see, but a pro-
phet of woe for Lancashire. He sees no proba-
bility, at least for a very long time to come, of the
restoration of its prosperity. He entered, at con-
siderable length, into the question of cotton supply,
and showed how slow, as he considered, would be
the increase of supply from other sources. The
quantity in America, which we could now obtain,
he believes to be small, and differing from Mr.
SCOLEFIELD, he believed that there would never be
again a crop of cotton grown in the States
by slave labour—never one which would be re-
garded as available to meet the wants of our
manufactures. India, he considered to be our only
trustworthy reliance, and he condemned without
mercy the neglect of so many successive Govern-
ments, whom he had in ♦ain attempted to arouse
on the subject. The only proposal he had heard of
at all feasible, was made by a very old landowner
and cultivator in In did—it is to exempt for five
years, from land tax, all the land employed
in growing cotton ; it is represented that the
stimulus thus given would be enormous, and the
loss to the Indian Revenue would be made good by
the revival of trade in Lancashire. Mr. BRIGHT'S
informant believes that the measure would be suc-
cessful, speedily successful, and the relief complete.
We should not be surprised if the five per cent. on
the Manchester goods imported into India, through
the money spent there for raw cotton, would quite
recoup the Indian revenue for anything it might
suffer.

Apart from such a supply created by vigorous
measures in India, our Orator prophesies very
gloomily. He believes " that the misfortune which
has unhappily fallen upon her, will entail ruin on
the whole of the population, and that it will gra-
dually engulph the smaller traders. It might for
years—he did not say it would, because what was
not impossible might always happen, it might
make the whole factory population of Lancashire
almost entirely worthless"; this is, indeed, a dark
picture. We are ready to find relief against it, it
only through trusting to the unforeseen chances
of the future. But we have better grounds of
hope. We think our Government will surely
act more vigorously yet in India, and we also hope
the end of American slavery is so near, that all
over the cotton-growing countries it will become
known that the old monopoly of supply is over-
thrown for ever. Then, at last, we should see
numerous places as well as India turning to the
work of supplying the mills of Manchester. It is
fear of full blown slave cultivation resuming its
course speedily in America, which has checked the
growth of cotton by other countries.

The political situation just now noticeable
throughout Europe is rather peculiar of its kind.
More or less the foreign policy in vogue upon
the Continent is of a laissez aller character.
The juncture being tided through is appa-
rently, by universal consent, one compounded of
a series of complicated postponement. Question
after question is passed by, or is glossed over as—
for the time being—inconvenient. The Italian
Question altogether, for example, we have seen very
recently set aside, in a manner, as—not yet to be
answered. The solution will come in time, but not
yet. Again—disintegrating that rather complex
and complicated whole—regarding the Italian
Question not in its entirety or totality as a Problem
in any way admitting of instant solution•—severing
one after another its component parts, the spec-
tacle brought to light in each instance, at every
turn, is in a manner indentically one of the self-
same character. The settlement of the Roman
Question—the core or pivot of it all—is given, by
universal consent, for the moment, the go by, dis-
tinctly, admittedly as a very riddle of the
Sphinx. Insomuch, that upon the inauguration
of the Ministry brought together but very recently
in succession to RATTAZZI'S, the newly-nominated
Prime Minister of King VICTOR EMMANUEL, almost
we might say ostentatiously guards himself from
being supposed to give any sort of pledge, directly or
indirectly, that he as yet sees his way to a removal
of the difficulty. The Venetian Question, moreover, is
quite as avowedly shelved or cushioned, as a problem
of which a solution has yet not been discovered.
The Quadrilateral is still garrisoned by its German
soldiery, the patriot army of the Italians grimly
casting glances askance at their past, possibly at
any day their present, certainly at some period not
yet to be very confidently predicted their future foes
—all along that strongly guarded frontier ! The
Neapolitan puzzle that is, as to the possibility
of retaining the northern and southern king-
dom, or province, shall we say, of the Roman
peninsula, bound together, by that thin line
of union along the Marches constituting still their
sole point of union—as narrow a band of union, in
its way, as the fleshy bands of the Siamese Twins,
or to take, more reasonably, a geographical illustra-
tion than an anatomical illustration as the isthmus
of Panama linking together the Northern and
Southern American Continents !
Continue to maintain the Temporal Power, so
far as it may be said to remain still intact at
Rome, under the guardianship of the French
soldiery, and it must ever remain dubious
how long, if, in any way much longer, the
huge Southern province of the King of ITALY'S
straggling and incomplete dominion can be
held loyally, in obedience to his Government,
far to the North yonder at Turin. Why, in effect,
Italy is by necessity kept in a transitional and
insecure position as the sixth Power of Europe so
long as this confused state of things between Naples
and Turin continues to keep open on the one hand
the hopes of a Bourbon and the hopes of a Muratist

Restoration. As things are at present, it is always

by necessity a heartburning to the pride of the
Neapolitans that their lovely capital has dwindled
into a very subordinate position compared with
that yet held haughtily far away in the north-west

of the Peninsula by Turin : a metropolis intrinsi-

tally with not a tithe of her pretensions (that is of
the pretensions of Naples) to precedence. Florence

Likewise intermediately finds all this while her in-

clination baulked—Florence being held, by some

among the politicians of Christendom to be
a city, by reason of its geographical posi-
tion, of its topographical advantages, and of its
political apd social antecedents to be a very fair
substitute, in its way, for the Eternal City, suppos-
ing that latter still to remain unattainable as the
metropolis. Milan, too, once the glory and central
point of the Austrian rule in Lombardy—Milan in
her time, from having been the arena, at the dis-

tance of a thousand years from each other of the
Coronation now in 800 of the Emperor CHARLE-
MAGNE, now in 1800 of the Emperor NAPOLEON the
Great, each Emperor (as at Milan) the anointed
King of Italy, crowned with the iron diadem, cry-
ing out before the world in defiance, Dieu me la
donne gar a qui la touch ! Milan, the royal and
the white cathedralled,
,has subsided from a promi-
nent, not simply to a secondary, but to a third
rate or fourth rate position among the
cities of Italy. It constitutes, in fact, to
our thinking one of the most signal tokens of the
vitality of the Italian movement in favour of Unifi-
cation, the restraining thus so long, and so steadily,
and so calmly, by this province and that, by Lom-
bardy, and Tuscany, and Naples especially, of every
imaginable jealousy. Naples, Milan, Florence—
yielding (doubtless with a secret sense of mortified
pride);precedence, and priority, and supremacy to
the more fortunate city of Turin—once no more
than the capital of Piedmont, now the metro-
polis—for the time being at least—of all Italy,
of the whole Italian kingdom!
Nay, the situation, ther, in the Roman peninsula
is so difficult of its kind, is so precarious,
is so wholly undetermined that Turin itself, hitherto
and still among the cities of Italy the "cynosure
of neighbouring eyes," and of distant eyes as well,
yet itself is not without its poignant qualms of
jealousy and of heartburnings. For—ever since
Italy asserted her independence—has not the ques-
tion of Turin's precedence among all the principal
cities upon the Italian soil been trembling perpe-
tually in the balance ? Has Turin not held its own
simply, as it were, on sufferance ? Yet, in spite of
all these incitements to disunion and jealousy of one
another—Turin, and Milan, and Florence, and Naples
—nay, far more than those cities themselves, the
very provinces of which eaoh is the respective capi-
tal, Piedmont, and Lombardy, and Tuscany, and
the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, have still held
resolutely together ! In spite of the rashness of
GARIBALDI—in spite of the trickery of RATTAZZI
—in spite of the deadweight antagonistically
of the policy of the French EMPEROR, in spite of
the armed presence along the whole of the,
north-eastern frontier of the New Kingdom of the
Austrian soldiers garrisoning the grim and all but
impregnable fortresses of the Quadrilateral. In
defiance and despite of each and all of these obstacles
to the Unification, Italy has persistently remained
as long as she could, she still remains as firmly
and completely as is in any way practicable
—unified ! That is her hope—the groundwork and
guarantee of her hope—the fact, that provinces ap-
parently so alien to each other have still survived
throughout the whole of this great national move-
ment, not simply in cordial alliance, but in com-
plete amity and union. It is this bond of sympathy
that binds together so tenaciously and securely
those otherwise distinct and separate rods of em-
pire making up the Uctor's fasces that might be
symbolled as borne before his Italian Majesty King
VICTOR E31141A/sItrEL.

7HE LAZE PRINCE CONSORT.

(From the Court Circular.)
WINDSOR CASTLE, DEC, 18.

The mortal remains of the beloved and revered Prince
Consort were privately removed early this morning from
the entrance of the Royal vault in St. George's Chapel,
where they had been temporarily deposited, and conveyed
to the Royal Mausolem at Frogmore.
At 7 o'clock precisely, their Royal Highnesses the Prince
of Wales, Princes Arthur, Leopold, and Prince Louis of
Hesse proceeded to the chapel, where were assembled the
Han. and Very Rev. the dean of Windsor, the Rev. Lord
Wriothesley Russell, Canon in Residence, Viscount Syd-
ney, Lord Chamberlain, Lieutenant-General the Hon. C.
Grey, Colonel the Hon. Sir C. B. Phipps, and Colonel Bid-
dulph. Mr. Lolein and Mr. Mayot, the valets to the
Prince Consort, also attended.
The procession left the Chapel for Frogmore shortly
after, and on arriving at the Royal Mausoleum the coffin
was placed in a sarcophagus and covered with a massive
stone, in the presence of the Prince and the gentlemen who
had the privilege of being present on this sad occasion,
when the earthly remains of the best of fathers and masters
were consigned to their final resting-place. His Royal
Highness and the gentlemen then returned to the Castle.
The plaster cast of the recumbent statute of the Prince
Consort, now being ()muted by Baron Marochetd in
marble, was then placed on the sarcophagus.
At 1 o'clock this afternoon her Majesty the Queen, ac-
companied by their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales,
Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse, Princess Helena,
Princess Louise, Prince Arthur, Prince Leopold, and
Princess Beatrice, walked from Frogmore-house without
any attendants to the Royal Mausoleum, near to which
were assembled the members of the Royal household imme-
diately in attendance on the Queen and Royal Family,
and a few persons who had been honoured with invita-
tions to be present.

The Dean of Windsor, when her Majesty, the Royal
Family, and others, had taken their places, rea3 a selection
from the Holy Scriptures and offered a short prayer appro-
priate to the melancholy occasion.
The Queen and Royal Family, after placing wreaths of
flowers on the foot of the tomb, retired.
Her Majesty, though much overwhelmed with grief, has
been enabled to bear the trying evexts of these last days
without any additional injury to her health.
The whole of the household were afterwards permitted
by her Majesty to visit the Mausoleum.
Besides the members of the Royal Family, there were
present—Earl Granville, the Dowager Duchess of Suther-
land, Countess Blucher, the Rev. Dr. Stanley, Mr. Arthur
Helps, and (in waiting) the Duchess of Athole, Lady C.
Barrington, Lady A. Bruce, the Hon. Mrs. Bruce, the
Hon. Horatia Stopford, &c.

7HE BISHOPS O. ROCHESTER AND
NATAL.

The following letter has been addressed by the
Bishop of Rochester to the Bishop of Natal :
My dear Bishop of Natal,—l am led to address you with
real sorrow, and under a painful sense of duty to make a
request that you will not, under any circumstances, be in-
duced to take part in the religious services of the Chirrch
within tho limits of my diocese. I have read and carefully
considered your recent publication, with intense regret that
you have been so grievously misled from the truths which
you professed to hold at your ordination and subsequent
consecration ; and I see no other course to be pursued for
the protection of the congregations and parishes intrusted
to my care than to submit this remmetrance against your
officiating in any church of my diocese. Neither the inti •
mation given in the preface of your book, p. 27, that you
cannot comply with invitations to preach, &c., nor the con-
fidence which I feel that no clergyman with whom I am
officially connected, who have read your book, would invite
you to minister in his parish, supersedes the necessity I feel
for this letter. In no other manner can I divest myself of
the responsibility I should incur if I heard of your officiat-
ing in these parts than by a knowledge that I had emphati-
cally protected against your doing so. I ought to add that
it will not be possible to avoid some measure of publicity
attending this communication, because it will be my duty
to send a copy of it to my archdeacons for the information
of the clergy.—l remain, &c., J. C. ROCIIESTER.
Danbury Place, Chelmsford, Dec. 9.

The Princess Mathilde, the day before yesterday,
received Baron de Budberg, the new Russian Ambassador.
" We learn," says the France, " that the Hon. Mr.
Elliot, charged with a mission to Athens, having missed
the packet of the 15th for the Pirsaus, has been obliged to
remain at Marseilles, and will not embark for his destina-
tion until the steamer of this day."

LAT ES r NE WS.

PARIS, DEC. 19.

The Moniteur of to-day says:—" The Emperor
will, on the Ist of January next, receive the diplo-
matic corps, the great bodies of the State, the civil
authorities, and the officers of the national guard
and the army."

CADIZ, DEC. 18.

Intelligence received here from Havannah an-
nounces that the French have occupied Tampico
without resistance.

LISBON, DEC. 12 (via France).
The Ministry have dismissed several more Cus-
tom-house employes,
The proceedings of the Duke de Loule, who
wishes to have his marriage with the Infanta Donna
Anna officially legalised by the Government, thus
making his son heir to the throne, in case of de-
fault, have caused much angry discussion in Lisbon,
and given rise to bitter animadversions in the pro-
vincial newspapers.

A terrific accident has occurred on the Eastern
Railway. A train with materials and about 200
workmen was passing over the Bridge of Sor, when
it suddenly gave way, and the whole were precipi-
tated into the river. It is reported that about 100
people were killed and many wounded.
A change, or modification of the Ministry, is
almost certain to take place.
Her Majesty's steamers Warrior, Black Prince,
Defence, and Trinculo are in harbour; the Revenge
and Resistance have gone down the river to practice
their artillery.

The American corvette St. Louis is also here.

Senor Salamanca has presented a proposal to the
Government for the construction of a railway from
Oporto to Vigo.

Exchange on London, 90 days, 531 ; Paris, 528 ;
Hamburg, 481 ; Amsterdam, 42.50 ; Genoa, 526 ;
Rentes. 47k; Bank of Portugal shares, 550 to 552

milreis.

TURIN, DEC. 18.

The Italian Government respectfully declines
further negotiation with France respecting the
Roman question at present.

The Government entertains uneasinesss about
the Emancipation Societies; they remain dissolved
till a right of association is established by law.
The Muratist 'party has been utterly unsuccess-
ful at Naples.

Information from the Southern Provinces is re•

assuring.
The Government is preparing energetic mea-
sures against brigandage.

TURIN, DEC. 18, Evening.

In the Senat3 to-day the concession of the Sar-
dinian railways was granted to the firm of Semenza
and Co., in London, with a premium of 200,000
hectares of land, and a guarantee to shareholders
from the Government of 6- per Cent. upon the
revenue.

In the Chamber of Deputies the Committee of
inquiry into the question of brigandage was ap-
pointed. Baron Ricasoli and General Bizio are
among the members of the committee.
It is believed that today's sitting will terminate
the session.

PARIS, DEC. 18.

La France of this evening says :
" The protecting Powers of Greece, in proposing
to King Ferdinand of Portugal to become a candi-
date for the Greek Crown, stipulated expressly that
the Greek constitution should be so modified as to
allow the Sovereign individual religious freedom,
provided the Greek faith were recognised as the
religion of the State."

VIENNA, DEC. 18.
The Session of the Council of the Empire. was
closed to-day.
In his speech from the Throne the Emperor ex-
pressed satisfaction that the confidence he had
placed in the nation by granting the constitutions
of October 20 and Feb. 26 has been justified. His
Majesty hoped that the blessings of peace would
continue to exercise a beneficial influence, and
said :

" Our resolute progress in the path of peace has
powerfully increased confidence in Austria's
strength, and has gained her the sympathy of
other nations. The Reichsrath has proceeded
firmly upon the solution of its task, and has
already passed important measures. Basing the
regulation of the Budget upon the principle that
the resources of the country itself must supply
its necessities, I am convinced that such a result
will be brought about by an equal division of
burdens. Commerce has already shown increased
animation in consequence of the abolition of tran-
sit dues. The Bill regulating the control of the
Reichsrath over the National Debt secures also the
co-operation of the Legislature in supervising the
expenditure. The new Bank Act has established
the relative position of that institution to the State.
The retrenchment of the expenditure has exercised
a favourable influence upon the state of public
affairs."

His Majesty requested the members upon their
return home to promulgate among their consti-
tuencies constitutional principles, with a view to
their better accomplishment.
The Emperor, in conclusion, took leave of the
Deputies, thanking them for their labours, and
hoping to meet them in the coming year.