The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-01 00:00:00

after a sharp contest, defeated by 1,800 of the
disciplined soldiers of the Royal army. Bersaglieri
these were who had been led out against the Hero
from Reggio in swift pursuit, and with a resolute
determination to take GARIBALDI dead or alive—
the officer in command of these Bersaglieri
being one of GARIBALDI'S old followers, Colonel
PALLAVICTNO.

Friday, the 29th of August, 1862, was the date
of this memorable struggle between these 2,000
Garibaldians, having at their head the Hero him-
self, and these 1,800 Bersaglieri under the command
of the Hero's sometime follower, Colonel PALLA-
VICINO.

The mountain height of Aspromonte was the
scene of this new Roncesvalles. But GARIBALDI—
winding his horn in vain there to 25,000,000
Italians—less happy in his fate, as many will
doubtless think, than ROLAND—feII, not Dead, but
Wounded and a Prisoner. The unfortunate Hero is
said to have received two wounds before he could
be captured, one of these wounds being of u serious
character. His son MENOTTl—wounded also—was
with him a Prisoner. Prisoners also, according to
our account, were all the rest of the defeated Gari-
baldians. Though another statement runs to the
effect that two small bands of the rebel red-shirts
are still at large, but being rapidly pursued, one in
Sicily, one in Calabria—one a band that escaped
from Catania, the other a band that fled at the
close of this final struggle of its Chief upon the
heights of Aspromonte. It is confidenity stated
at any rate that among those captured by the vic-
torious Bersaglieri under PALLAVICINO were the
Rebel Deputies MACELLI and NICOTERA. With
regard to GARIBALDI himself he is stated to have
asked to be placed on board an English steamer :
so that quitting his country altogether he might go
at once into exile. Instead of complying with which
demand (supposing it to have been really made by
GARIBALDI)—the Royal authorities there in Calabria
are understood to have acted very differently to-
wards the Fallen Hero. There was a notion, it
would appear, of his being despatched as a prisoner
of war on board a Royal frigate to Spezzia. But,
in the meantime—pending the final decision that
I may be arrived at in his regard—GARIBALDI, ac-
cording to the confident assertion of La trance,
is retained a prisoner in the Citadel of Reggio!
Later on it is said he will have to be tried, though
as yet it is matter of uncertainty before what tri •
bnnal. How many of his mistaken followers fell
dead upon the narrow battleground at Aspromonte,
has yet to be learnt, but in evidence that shots were in
truth fired therein deadly combat, and swards grimly
crossed there in a death struggle between Italian
and Italian, the Royal troops engaged are stated
to have lost twelve killed, and to have had as many
as 200 wounded.

As among the more remarkable results
already known to have been produced by the tid-
ings of GARIBALDI'S defeat and capture at
Aspromonte, it may be interesting to note—That
the populace had risen in various parts of the Pen-
ninsula. There was a formidable demonstration for
example at Brescia. There was a notable disturb-
ance at Florence. There was a tumultuous gather-
ing at Genoa. The riot which took place at
Como was so determined in its character that it had
to be put down by force. While at Milan upon the
bruiting about of a false report that GARIBALDI had
been killed, the popular outbreak was so determined
and infuriated that the people had to be dispersed at
last by a charge of cavalry, in which one of the
citizens died, and a great many others were
wounded. The capture of GARIBALDI in truth is
not by any means, we take it, the end, but, on the
contrary, nothing more than the very commence-
ment of the task of tranquilising Italy—if Italy is
at once to be tranquilised ! Still, and if such be
possible, more than ever a problematical ques-
tion for the " Constitutional" party, is this
tranquilisation of Italy—with GARIBALDI a pri-
soner in the hands of the royal forces of VICTOR
EMMANUEL. Any serious punishment of GARI-
BALDI would certainly be fatal to the interests of
that sovereignty. As it is, the blows that have
now wounded that dauntless breast—struck as they
have been by Italian hands in the name of the
King—may yet prove to have a fatal recoil upon
the Government.

The Americans are a singular people. They are
' now rejoicing in three things, two of which would
not have produced in London the exultation they
evidently do in New York. The first, the repulse of
the Confederates in a third attack on Baton
Rouge is a natural ground of triumph. Both par-
ties, according to Northern accounts, fought
bravely, but the Federals, thanks again to gun-
boats partly, were victors over the brave. Neither
side has to be ashamed of its soldiership—the only
deduction from the military triumph is, if the state-
ment be true, that the attack was a feint to enable
vast supplies to be passed across the Mississippi
higher up, in aid of Generals PRICE and DORN ;
this looks, however, like an invention tifter the
fact, and the North after all its late reverses ought
not to be deprived of one important success.
Enough, that though they hold New Orleans and
Baton Rouge, yet Vicksburg is still in the hands of
the Confederates, and controls the course of the
river between Baton Rouge and Memphis, which
is the last place coming down from the North in
Federal hands.

But the other two causes of rejoicing, the retreat
and the success of the draughting, would hardly
operate in the same way here. We can account for
it in the former case, only by a much greater appre-
hension of danger for M'CLELLAN, than we bad
supposed on this side the water. His retreat was
probably understood to be absolutely necessary ;
the fear was that it might be but a repetition of the
sad scenes of the seven days' conflict, perhaps that
heavy guns on the banks of the James River might
sink the transports laden with the sick and wounded
as well as with stores ; hence to find that two large
divisions of the army had moved with impunity to
Port Monroe might seem almost too good to be
true,
it was
a great success. Besides, if
of the Confederates from all attack
Wtah:
No families were placed in mourning by this
retreat; and compared with what had been feared
abstinence
the result
which
of MTLELLAN's dispositions,
the North is
entitled to claim, whatever the
errors which re-
quired the retreat, the
retreat it self was a able military su
se
an
nt i
dt
,l ei dt
ihsisth
their
roka e
set he
descent t
ccess. Though XENornoN has
the Greeks
and their leaders.
o r ascent
retreat of
itnh e
„iv tenheicl3 stibhdooeturh
military and non-militaryreaders admire :

The draughting, which begins, we believe
very day, would make us here look rather gloomy
than glad. Up to the time of the last advice;
however, its only effect was to induce those who
were waiting for a larger bonus than £4O to
take the money, lest, if the ballot fell on them,
they must serve gratuitously. The feeling, pro..
bably, was that the waiters for a better market
wore cleverly tricked. Yet the sentence hangs
over the head of every citizen in the vigour of
life, by the horsehair thread of the ballot. Any
man may, to-day, find himself sentenced to the
war, or to finding a substitute at an enormous price.
Those who were willing to go for £4O having
been already enlisted, as volunteers, we may

conjecture what thousands of small but respec-
table farmers and tradesmen must pay if they
would serve by proxy. Such a liability, the
income-tax, and universal taxes, all commence
together, but as yet the cry is vigour ! vigour !
Crush the Rebels.

It must be confessed, indeed, that, up to the
date of the last advicas, neither the North nor
the South exhibits the slightest indication of in-
tending to terminate the war. The Northern con-
scription now begins; the Southern Congress meets
on the 18th to settle the plan of the Southern con-
scription. The North breathes defiance, the South
defence, as fiercely as ever. Mr. CASSIUS M.
CLAY, indeed would turn the stream of popular
indignation if he could against England ; both at
Washington and Philadelphia he has delivered
himself of a bundle of fiery-crackers we must call
them—for philippics would be too dignified a name
for them. What enrages him so with us we cannot
tell, unless that London could but laugh at the
foolish display he made of himself both here and in
Paris, as he was on the road to St. Petersburg.
Archbishop HUGHES, however, more wisely con-
fines himself to rousing his countrymen to arms.
He too, came over to see what France and England
really were doing and thinking, and he returns
with a very good and peaceful account of us. He
tells his fellow-countrymen that both England and
France have acted with great forbearance; mentions
with praise the conduct of the suffering workmen,
and points out what a real difficulty their case pre-
sents to their Governments. But the Archbishop
is the most outrageous of any of the orators, in his
demands for the war. He urges the Government
not only to call out the first draught of 300,000, but
a second to the same amount the next week, and
not to desist till they have compelled every man,
rich and poor, to take his personal share in the war!
His reason is that the South must be not only van-
quished but subjugated, and absorbed again some-
how into the great undivided Union. No telling,
says the Archbishop, where secession will end, if
once permitted to begin. To save the North itself
from splitting up, the South must be subjugated,
even if it be by desolation ! Christian doctrine
this ! Yet we imagine that it is the Christianity
of the great majority of the Northern clergy of
all denominations.

It is impossible, we confess, not to re-
spect the courage which is fed by reverses,
and which redoubles its efforts when those
already made have proved insufficient ; yet in
this case it affords but the sad prospect of a pro-
tracted war over a vast continent, for the courage
and determination of both sides are equal, and the
commercial and other advantages of the North are
partly balanced by the defensive character of the
Southern war, and by the greater skill which their
generals have shown hitherto. It certainly appears
likely, now that Manchester and India will
have time enough to perfect their new commercial
relation to each other. Americans will see with
pain that, notwithstanding the loss of their trade,
we are doing as well as ever in the way of exports
—it shows them to be not so important tons as they
thought themselves ;—but they will be consoled by
the recollection that our temptation to intervention
will be proportionately less.

The painful calamity of idiotcy is one which will
always meet with due consideration from a civilised
and Christian country. It is only to be wished
that all of this unhappy class could be placed under
the care of persons naturally qualified to superin
tend their management, and servants trained to
take care of them. The Asylum for Idiots at Earls-
wood, Red Hill, Surrey, has recently published a
statement of its claims, based on the report of the
Commissioners in Lunacy and the testimonies of
numerous visitors of high authority, including that
of our practical and benevolent LORD MAYOR.
When such an intelligent man of business says—
" I have had much gratification in witnessing the
benefits conferred by this institution on so many
poor suffering creatures, and I have great satisfac-
tion in expressing my admiration of the manner in
which the beneficial system is administered, and of
the cleanly and comfortable condition of the whole
of the establishment"—few of our readers will doubt
that a subscription to the institution will be a safe
investment of their charitable contributions.

The report of the Commissioners, which may
be entirely relied on, is very satisfactory. They
say :—" Examination of the results in the dis-
charged cases gives satisfactory proofs of the bene-
ficial working of the Institution. Out of the
thirty-one, only two were sent away wholly un-
improved. Seventeen (ten boys and seven girls)
were improved, the majority of them greatly; and
twelve (seven boys and five girls) had so much
profited by the instruction obtained here, as to be
able to work for their livelihood, some of them
having since got regular employment, the girls in
domestic service, and the boys as carpenters, tailors,
and mat makers. There are now on the books 331,
of whom 231 are males, and 100 females; and, with
the exception of one girl and two boys absent on
leave, and one boy out for the day, we have seen all
during our visit. At dinner in the hall to-day 170
were assembled, the number of boys about doubling
that of the girls, and their tidiness of dress and ap-
pearance and orderlybehaviour were extremelypleas-
hag. The dinner was well served, excellent in quality,
and abundant. The same is to be said of the dinners
in the single and associated rooms, occupied by
first-class patients; and the plan of a probationary
dining-room, mentioned in the last entry, and in
Iwhich we saw 22 patients dining to-day, continues
to work successfully."
Everything possible is done to amuse and in-
terest the inmates, and to develope any latent
capacities they may possess. About two hundred
are able to attend morning and evening prayers,
and religious worship, and it is remarked that
I the children—the inmates are chiefly young—enjoy
the music. "We saw," says the commissioners,
"the system followed in the schools, and thought
it well adapted, not only to encourage cheerfulness,
and bodily exercise and drill, but to develope such
faculties as their respective grades of disease or
deficiency may still have left to these poor children.
We liked especially the shopkeeping lessons intro-
duced since our last visit, by which the boys, while
amused by a game in which a shop or counter is
set out with various articles in daily use, at which
some act as buyers and others as sellers, are
at the same time instructed cleverly in elements of
knowledge as to the value of goods and money,
numbers, and weights and measures. Much atten-
tion is also given to speech, and the schoolmaster,
an apparently
v judicious and competent person,
shops
Besides this, the children were found employed as
obvious interest in his work."
a I...weavers, basket makers, tailors, and
carpenters, al s
liouseholdwork end needle-
one as a briaklaYen
work is, of course, chiefly occupation for the girls,
and, besides the work done for the institution, £l5O
had been realised
by the sale of mats and handi-
work The farm and garden em-
ploy
of a similar kind.
about twenty boys;
to bechildren.
a weekly bathing is said
much enjoyed by the
The commissioners report on
all the deficiencies
of the establishment, but they are such as the
pub-
lie only
can enable the managers to remedy—since
they all involve expense. Objects of an attractive