The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 18, 1865.

"It is truly marvellous."—Times.
“pHAROAIT'S
11 SERPENTS."
Post free 13 stamps.
STEREOSCOPIC COMPANY,
54, Cheapside, and 110, Regent-street.

EVERYBODY'S BUSINESS.

BOARD and RESIDENCE.—CIiff House, near
Warrior-square, St. Leonards-on-Sea, two minutes'
walk from the Parade. Address, Mrs. Richardson, as above.

GREAT ST. JAMES'S-HALL.—WORLD of
MAGIC, Second Sight, and " Begone." Dull Care,"
every evening at 8. A Day Performance. Saturday, at 3.
" The most varied entertainment in the metropolis."—Vide
the Press. Admission, is.

PROFESSOR and the Misses ANDERSON.—
Farewell season. World of Magic, Second Sight, and
the original Indian Basket Trick, in conjunction with Fre-
deric (the great) Maccabe, the unrivalled ventriloquist, mimic,
and character actor.

TIREDERIC MACCABE, Ventriloquist, Mimic,
dta, in his original entertainment, "Begone, Dull Care,"
"Mss Mary May, "Early in the Morning." Balcony, 2s. ;
reserved seats, as. ; stalls, as. ; at Mr. Austin's office, St.
James's-hall, 28, Piccadilly.
A. NIMMO, Acting Manager.

QTODARE.--203RD REPRESENTATION.-
THEA VILE OF MYSTERY, EGYPTIAN HALL.

MARVELS in MAGIC and i'ENTRICOQUISM
SPIIYNX : a MyatAry ; the INS PANTANEOUB GRO «TH
of FLOWER TREES, and the real. INDIAN BASKET
TRICK, as only performed by Colonel STODARE, and in-
troduced by him for the first time in this country, April 17,
1865.

Every evening at 8 ; Wednesday and Saturday at 3. Stalls
at Mitchell's, Old Bond-street, and Boa-office, Egyptian
Hall. Admission, is., 25.; stalls, 3s.
"Almost miraculous."—Vide Times, April 18, 1865.

G 0 URLAY'S SCOTTISH CURIOSITIES,
received with shouts of laughter and applause.—
Genuine Success.—Crowded Houses.—Everybody going to
MRS. M'GREGOR'S LEVEE. Mrs. Gourlay, in addition to
many other Ballads, will sing "Janet's Choice." nightly re•
demanded. Little Johnny a decided hit. POLYGRAPHIC
HALL, Charing-cross. Evening at Eight. Saturdays at
Three and Eight.

CHRISTY MINSTRELS, St. James's Hall,
Piccadilly.—The only original and veritable legitimate
CHRISTY MINSTRELS Every Night at 8, Saturdays at 3
and 8, retaining all the specialties and old favourites who
originally created the reputation of the Company. Fauteuils,
55.; stalls, 3s ; unreserved seats, 2s. ; gallery. Is. Tickets at
Austin's, 28, Piccadilly.—Manager, Mr. Frederick Burgess.

T " 0 X FORD
6, OXFORD STREET, W.

The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).
SIXTY-SIX, by J. Offenbach, performed by
Misses Russell, Barrie, Waimealey, Tyrell, Ellen Reid, Ma-
dame Maria, and Miss Fitz Henry ; Messrs. A. St. Albyn,
Husk, Evans, W. Williams, and Senors Tivoli and Spagnoli,
with full Band and Chorus.

CANTERBURY HALL.
KO KO RI KO.
This wonderful entertainment, having proved the greatest
hit ever made, will be repeated EV/CRY EVENING, in ad-
dition to the Operatic Sele;dons, supported by the whole
talent of the establishment.

Comedy, Burlesque, and Ballet by Mrs. and Mr. Randall,
Messrs. Duriah and Davies, the D'Aubans, Mons. Alex-
andre, mimic, and the Sisters Dashwood, their first appear-
ance.

Director, Mr. F. Jongmane.
All visitors to London at this season should see the above
entertainment.

MADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION.-
Established 30 years, at the Bazaar, Baker-street.

NEW ADDITIONS.—In accordance with the season, the
Exhibition has been entirely re-embellished. The whole of
the ancient Court Dresses of the most costly description,
faithfully copied from the mast minute pictures, have been
renewed. Modern Court Dresses of the most splendid de-
scription, selected from the first houses in Paris and London,
and probably never equalled or surpassed, are now ou view.

Life-size Models of DOCTOR E. W. PRITCHARD and
CONSTANCE KENT are now added.

Open from 11 a.m. till 10 p.m.
Admittance, One Shilling; Extra Rooms, Sixp+•noe.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
Piccadilly.—GßAND CASINO and MUSICAL PRO-
MENADE is NOW OPEN for the Season.

Musical Director, M. I.UIGI CURTL
➢Tanager, ➢lons. GRENET.

The Band plays nightly Selections from the most eminent
Composers.
Doors open at halt-past 8 o'clock; close tire minutes to 12
o'clock.

Admission to Promenade, One Shill.ng.

THE WELLINGTON, ST. JAMES'S-STREET.
Set DINNERS served, at five minutes' notice, from Four to
D.ine p.m., at 2s. 6d., 3s 61, 4s. 6d., and 7s. each.
ELEGANTSALOON DINING ROOMS,
for Ladies and Families.
Prices on the "Carte" moderate.
Private Rooms for Large or Small Parties.
Reading, Smoking, and. Billiard Rooms.

BREAKFASTS and LUNCHEONS.
D. CAMERON.
Entrances-160, Piccadilly, and 49, St. James's-street.

COUNTRY HOTELS and INNS WANTED.—
Mr. STRANSOM begs to call attention of rroprietors
wishing to dispose of this class of Property to the facili-
ties offered by the extensive and free circulation of his
MONTHLY LIST, an,i invites them to forward particulars
for insertion in the next publication, upon the express under-
standing that no charge will be made unless a purchaser is
found through his aTency.—Country Hotel Agency Offices,
42, Hart-street, Bloomsbury-square, W.C.

MONEY ADVANCED, for any period not
exceeding. three years, on personal security, one or
more sureties being required according to circumstances, or
on the borrower's own promissory note when a deposit is
made of any available security. Apply New National Life
and Loan Company (established .1). 484, Oxford-street,
W.C. - THOMAS BOURNE, Secretary.

COALS, DIRECT FROM THE COLLIERIES,
supplied by the JOINT-STOCK CO AL COMPANY
(Limited).—Best Walisend. 255. per ton ; Adelaide ditto, 235.;
the Company's Silkstone, 225. Chief Office, 49, Fleet-street,
E.U. ; Coal Depots, Great Northern Railway, King's-cross
(22, Coal Department); Great Western Railway, Padding-
ton ; Regent's TV hart, West Ferry-road, Millwall ; Durham
Wharf, Crabtree-road, Peckham.
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS NEW, Managing Director.

STARCH MANUFACTURERS
TO H. R. H. THE PRINCESS OF WALES.
G. LENFIELD PATENT STARCH,
Used in the Royal Laundry,

AND AWARDED THE PRIZE MEDAL, 1882.
Sold by all Grocers, Chandlers, &o. &o.
WOTHERSPOON and CO., Glasgow and London.

TEETH, 2s. 6d. each.—ESKELL and SONS'
improvements in the construction of ARTIFICIAL
TEETH enable them to make and fit in from One to a Set,
in a few hours, without springs or wires, and without ex-
tractions, upon the principle of self-adhesion, painless and
perfect. Guaranteed, or no fee accepted. Sets, £2 ; stop-
pings, 2s. 6d.; extractions, is. ; and the same moderate fixed
prices throughout. Punctuality in all appointments, and
constant daily attendance from Nine to Eight o'clock. Their
Treatise on the Teeth, with printed terms, and all consulta-
tions free, on application to ESKELL and SONS, 13, Tioh-
borne-street, Quadrant. Note the address.

NOTHING ThiPOSSIBLE.—The greatest and
most useful invention of the day,AGUA A M ARE LLA.
Messrs. JOHN GOSNELL and CO., 12, Three King-court,
Lombard-street, London, Perfumers to her Majesty, respect-
fully offer to the public this truly marvellous fluid. which
gradually restores the human hair to its pristine hue—no
matter at what age. The Agna Amarelia has none of the
properties of dyes ; it, on the contrary, is beneficial to the
system, and when the hair is once restored one application
per month will keep it in perfect colour. Price one guinea per
bottle, or in half bottles. 10s. 61. Testimonials from artistes
of the highest order, and from individuals of undoubted re-
spectability, may be seen on application. Messrs. John
Gosnell and Co. have been appointed Perfumers to her Royal
Highness the Princess of Wales.

Sir Henry Lytton Buiwer.

(From Me Levant Herald.)
Seldom has the formality of an address had sincerer
meaning or been better earned than that which gives ex-
pression to the sentiment not merely, we believe, of the
British community of Constantinople, but of Englishmen
of every class throughout Turkey, to Sir Henry Lytton
Bulwer. The value of such compliments may generally be
measured by their cost ; and, as that is intrinsically repre-
sented by the paper on which they are written, they are,
as a rule, evidence neither of merit on the part of those to
whom they aro paid nor of real esteem on that of those
from whom they come. But the unanimous sentiment of
our countrymen in the Turkish capital will bear us out
when we affirm that this tribute to the eminent statesman
who has now for nearly eight years represented England
in the East has no such doubtful meaning. So far as our
collective testimony can certify it, we do certify that he
has worthily fulfilled his high mission amongst us, and
that in retiring from it he cairies with him the respect and
gratitude of us all, coupled with such a measure of personal
esteem as probably no British ambassador in Turkey ever
won before. Of this high praise the best and sufficient jus-
tification will be a sketch of his eminent services in this
country, prefaced, for the sake of historical completeness,
by a brief notice of his antecedent career.
After serving for a short time in the army—first in the
2d Life Guards, and subsequently in the 58th Foot—Mr.
Bulwer was named attach 6 to the legation at Berlin in 1827.
Thence, two years later, he was transferred to the embassy
at Vienna, and shortly afterwards to the Hague. In 1832
he was removed from the latter legation to Paris, whence,
after a residence of three years, he went as Secretary of
Legation to Brussels, where, in 1835-6, he acted as charge
d'affaires. A year later he was appointed Secretary of Em-
bassy at Constantinople, and afew months after his arrival
in Pera framed the commercial treaty which, in 1838, re-
duced to order the confusion of the old conventions, and
prepared the way for the still more equitable and compre-
hensive tariff reforms now in force. The value of Mr.
Balwer's services in the negotiation of this treaty—which
was subsequently adopted by the whole of the other
Powers—was warmly acknowledged by Lord Palmerston
in Parliament at the time. In 1839 he was named Secretary
of Embassy—and became, by the absence of Lord Granville,
Minister—at Paris, where, in the eventful year following,
he detected and defeated the ambitious projects of M.
Thiers with an ability which again elicited high eulogy in
the House of Commons. From Paris he was, in 1843,
removed to Madrid, where ho may be truly said to have
saved Europe from war by his timely intervention in the
quarrel with Morocco, when the Spanish Government, in
concert with that of France, was on the point of attempt-
ing the conquest of that country. For his very able diplo-
macy on that occasion he was, in 1845, made a Privy
Councillor. Three years later occurred his historic quarrel
with Narvaez, for—in obedience to his instructions—re-
sisting whose arbitrary acts he received his passports.
Diplomatic relations were broken off with Spain, the ex-
pelled Minister was made a K.C.8., and in Parliament Sir
R. Peel, Lord Palmerston, Lord J. Russell, Mr. Disraeli,
Mr. Sheil, and Mr. Hume expressed the unanimous senti-
ment of the house in approving every detail of his conduct.
In the following year Sir Henry was sent to the United
States. The moment was a critical one, the Washington
authorities having shortly before entered into a compact
with the Republic of Nicaragua for taking possession of the
territory from which our own Government had expelled
the Nicaraguans in the interest of the King of the Mos-
quitos. By a series of able negotiations, and even more
perhaps by rendering himself popular during their continu-
ance not merely with the American Government, but with
the Senate and the American people, Sir Henry Bulwer
contrived to arrange this complicated " difficulty " in the
Bulwer-Clayton treaty, and to leave Washington, in 1851,
the most popular English Minister who had, till then, ever
represented Great Britain in the Great Republic. For his
successful diplomacy on this occasion Sir Henry was made
a G.C.B. His health having suffered seriously from
the fatigues of this Washington mission, as also from those
undergone at Madrid, he was, by his own request, sent, in
1852, as Minister to Florence, with the superintendence of
our relations with Rome. In the discharge of these latter
delicate duties he again earned high compliments in Par-
liament for his management in the affairs of Mr. Mather,
who had been brutally assaulted by some Austrian soldiers
at Florence ; and later for his successful efforts on behalf
of Mr. Murray, who had been condemned to death by a
secret Roman Tribunal. His health continuing feeble, Sir
Henry resigned the Tuscan mission at the end of 1854, and
remained for some time out of employment. In 185 G, how-
ever, he again resumed official harness as commissioner to
the Danubian Principalities un4v- the 23d ..irtiele of-the
Treaty of Paris, and in discharge of this mission made a
series of valuable reports on the condition and wants of
those provinces which, had they been acted upon, would,
we believe, have done much to prevent the anarchy that
has since prevailed beyond the Danube. It is, however,
more than probable that the political pundits who formed

the Paris Conference never even read these carefully com-
piled papers; and as they—with the exception of A'ali
Pasha—knew, possibly, even less of modern than of ancient
Dacia, the result of their deliberations was the impracti-
cable constitution under colour of which Prince Couza has
now gone on, for nearly seven years, burlesquing the ideas
Napoleoniennes. It is curious, however, to note that when,
last year, the Hospodar and his party took it upon them-
selves to modify this Paris charter, they adopted not a few
of the very principles which are to be found in Sir Henry's
report as furnishing the only basis on which a constitution
suited to tho country could be framed.
In this rapid glance of the diplomatic services of Sir
Henry Bulwer, previously to his appointment as Ambassa-
dor to the Porte, we have purposely omitted allusion to his
interpolated parliamentary and literary career. For the
completeness of our sketch, however, it may be mentioned
that he sat as M.P. for Walton in 1830, for Coventry
in 1834, and for Marylobono from 1834 to 1837. His "Life
of Lord Byron," prefixed to Galignani's admirable edition
of the poems; "France and the French," with its continua-
tion of "Monarchy in the Middle Classes ;" "An Autumn
in Greece ;" a " Life of Lord Melbourne," contributed to
the Edinburgh Review ; " The Eastern Question in 1840 ;"
and "The Belgian Revolution," in the Westminster Review
—are also not unworthy of a name which, in the person of
a still more distinguished owner, will liver as long as poetry
and fiction form part of English letters.
Few of our readers need be reminded of the peculiar
difficulties under which Sir Henry Bulwer succeeded to
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the power of Lord Stratford de Radcliffe. With Redchid
Pasha himself, and the knot of men who surrounded him,
his lordship became almost omnipotent, feeling as the whole
did, that in England—which to their minds he personified
—lay their only protection at once against their foreign
enemy and their domestic rivals. The Crimean war, how-
ever, changed all this. France and Italy rose from their
previous political nothingness at the Porte to dispute, or at
least to share in, the British protectorate, and the spell
of the "great Elcheo's" power was broken. The peace, in
short, substituted a sort of confederate influence of five
Powers for the almost suzerain sway of one ; and when in
that now combination France, Italy, Russia, and Prussia—
Austria having been tkrown into the shade by the results
of the Italian war—acted together, only the highest skill
and tact could save England from the humiliation of play-
ing a subordinate part. This was, of course, speedily felt
by Lord Stratford de Rodcliffe, but his instinct of domina-
tion forbade acceptance of the new order of things, and in
the affair of the Moldo-Wallachian elections he accordingly
carried matters with so high a hand that all four of the
rival Ministers struck their flags. Our own Government
having in consequence refused to ratify his policy, and the
Porte to retrace its steps, his lordship was virtually driven
to resign. His successor, it need hardly be said, found the
prestige of the British Embassy greatly weakened by this
defeat. The Turkish Government feared to follow its
in-
spirations, and there was a sort of tacit confederacy against
it amongst the other representatives, who, suspecting that
it still had the wish to dictate laws to them, now felt that
it no longer possessed the power. The public, too, which
had been so long used to the coups de theatre of Lord Strat-
ford de Redcliffe, and which forgot or did not perceive the
change of circumstances to which that diplomatist had
been the first to succumb, expected his successor to continue
to dominate as visibly as his lordship had done when he
virtually held the reins of local empire in his hands.
Very difficult, therefore, was the game which the new
ambassador had to play, and we in no way descend to
flattery when
that public opinion. has long ago pro-
nounced that we
ho say
played it well. Little by little he
won the confidence not merely of the Porte, but of even
the most jealous of his rivals, whom he conciliated by
his evident purpose to aim at neither more:nor less in-
fluence than his Government had just title to enjoy. Ho
thus won the very predominance which would have been
refused to overt assertion of the right to lead, and so gra-
dually built up an authority that has long been accepted
as decisive in nearly every question of collective local
diplomacy. To illustrate this by examples would be to
write the political history of Turkey during the past half-
dozen of years. In the very grave matter of the Syrian
outbreak it was his sagacity which foresaw, and warned
the Porte of, the catastrophe months before it occurred ;
and later, in the conferences which settled the new form of
administration for the pacified province, it was he who ,

spoiled the French game of a quasi-independent Govern-
ment to be exercised by a native Emir under the protection
of France. Again, when Russia, bent on compassing by
intrigue what she had failed to achieve by arms, proposed
that foreign commissioners should be sent round to control
and report on Turkish administration in the provinces—.
which would have simply incited a general uprising of the
Christian population—it was Sir Henry Bulwer who more
than any one else contributed to defeat this sinister design
—doubly so, by inducing the Porte itself to institute the
very corrective investigations which the representative of
the Czar had so speciously proposed that its " friends"
should make for it. Later still, when Prince Napoleon, in
concert with the Italian Government, planned an outbreak
in the Principalities, which was to have extended to Hun-
gary, and so have embarrassed Austria, Sir Henry, by a
series of bold and politic steps—detailed in our columns at
the time—obtained possession of the arms which had been
shipped to Galatz with the view indicated, and thus again
staved off another peril to the Porte. The combined tact and
energy of his conduct on this occasion deservedly received
the warm approval of her Majesty's Government. In the
summer of 1862 occurred the collision between the Servians
and the Pasha of Belgrade—next to the Syrian outbreak
the gravest incident in Turkish politics since the Russian
war. Here again the promptitude of Sir Henry Bulwer
saved the Ottoman Government from not a mere diplo-
matic embarrassment, as the public imagined at the time,
but from the disastrous results of an intrigue favoured by
Franco, Russia, and Italy, the object of which was not alone
to secure the independence of Servia, but, by expelling the
Turks altogether from the chain of frontier fortresses, to
open a passage in the heart of the empire for a semi-bar-
barian movement of the Sclavonic races upon Constanti-
nople itself. Wild as this averment may now read, there is
abundant evidence of its truth, as also of the fact that but
for the vigorous action of the British Ambassador at the
time, and for his firmness during the conferences which
followed, a heavy blow would have been struck at this
juncture against the power of the Sultan's Government in
Europe.

Thus far Sir Henry's energy and sagacity had been mainly
exercised on questions in which our own Government could
hardly be said to have any but a remote and contingent in-
terest. In the affair of the Suez Canal, however, which
next challenges notice, he had to deal with a subject in
which our national interest is both lively and direct ; and
without catering into detail which is in part already known
to our readers, it may be affirmed that in this again hegavo
proof of eminent diplomatic ability. For years this project
had been shrouded in mystery. Few except M. do Lessops
and his patrons imagined that it was more than an imprac-
ticable scheme started and carried on with the vulgar ob-
ject of victimising shareholders for the benefit of its plau-
sible fonclateur and his partners in the bubble—allied in
some remote way with the advancement of French, at the
expense of English, influence in Egypt. Our own Go-
vernment, there is too much reason to believe, largely
shared this view of the enterprise, and offered to it such
an opposition as an estimate of this kind might be expected
to suggest. This, we can afford to confess, was neither
very dignified nor effective. In 1863, however, Sir
Henry Bulwer visited Egypt, and then for the first time
threw light on the real character of the scheme. In
common with Mr. Ilawkshaw and many other competent
observers, he saw that the completion of the work was
merely a question of time and money ; but he perceived
too—what they had failed to see—that the project, as then
being carried out, was in both its immediate and ultimate
results fraught with the gravest mischief to the Egyptian
Government itself, to the suzerain rights of the Porte, and
to British interests in the country. Our readers know what
followed. The system of corries—which, to say nothing of
its inherent barbarity, was rapidly ruining Egyptian agri-
culture by depriving it of labour, and was at the same time
permeating the entire Fellah population with a sense of
French, and only French, power—was abolished ; the Corn-
pagnie Universelle was forced to disgorge its vast land
grants from Said Pasha ; and the whole territorial question
was placed in train of a solution which, if the Porte but
act firmly, will effectually safeguard the just rights of all
concerned. Those are great results, and it is simple his-
torical truth that the merit of them belongs mainly to the
British Ambassador.

We have thus run rapidly through Sir Henry Bulwer's
diplomatic career at Constantinople. It is not, however,
merely as a diplomatist that his reputation in Turkey will
live after him. Valuable as were the services we have
noted, few who know the country will set them above his
share in the financial reforms which have rescued the em-
pire from still graver peril. He it was who suggested the
first step towards the reduction of the Treasury's chaos
into order by the appointment of the mixed native and
foreign commission, which first made the state of the
Turkish Iftettfiteirififtiffriblel'ttiv-Turkrifit%mvellner
Then followed the consent of the Porte—also by Sir
Henry's advice—to have its monetary system further
examined and set right by the efforts of Lord llobart
and Mr. Forster, from whose mission dates the immense
increase in the customs revenue through an improved
administration. The redemption of the caimis—instead of
the issue of a new paper currency for the whole empire, as
had positively been decided on—was the next result of his
financial counsels to Fuad Pasha, and operated more than
any other single measure of the past 10 years to raise the
credit of the Porte both at home and abroad. Sir Henry's
embassy has further witnessed what may fairly be termed
the financial prodigy of a Turkish budget, which, whatever
may be the precise accuracy of its figures, is at least a hope-
ful recognition of the value of publicity in the Government
accounts, and if persisted in must end in checking abuses
not a few. The establishment of a national bank oppor-
tunely contributed to relieve the Treasury from the pres-
sure of usurious rates of interest on local loans ; and the
great measure of conversion now in progress—with which,
however, Sir Henry being absent had nothing to do—will
further regularise and simplify the financial system of the
country. Nor is it monetary reforms alone which have
rendered memorable the past seven years of Turkish his-
tory. The army, the navy, and the civil Government have
all shared in the improvement; public works and the de- '
velopinent of the country's resources have made at least
encouraging progress ; and a new spirit has been infused
into almost every branch of the administration. Much,
very much it is true, still remains to be accomplished ;
but for what has been achieved the Porte and the country
owe a large debt of gratitude to the wise counsels and
steady support of the retiring British Ambassador.
Rapidly sketched, such have been the chief acts of solid
friendship to the Porte by which Sir Henry Bulwer has
worthily uphold British influence, and maintained British
rights and interests, in this country. In view of them, the
grateful testimony of the addresses needs no endorsement.
He has indeed earned for his name "a distingushed place
on the roll of eminent statesment imperishably identified
with the embassy," and loaves behind him a reputation
which is not likely soon to be eclipsed.