The Sun.
London, England, 1862-04-25 00:00:00

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TII E SUN.

LONDON, FRIDAY, APRIL 25, 1862.

Mr. GLADSTONE on America will be looked at
with no little interest on both sides of the water—
luckfly, just at the moment there is no transatlantic
electric cable ; if there were, the message it would
have transmitted to Washington would have sadly
interfered with the thanksgivings of Mr. LINCOLN
and his friends. We may suppose what would
have been the perturbation of the Chaplain to
Congress, if just before he left the vestry to preach
his thanksgiving sermon, he had received a tele-
graphic message—" Mr. GLADSTONE, in a great
speech at Manchester, has represented the restora-
tion of the Union as almost impossible." That
unaccountable second cause assigned by Mr. LIN-
COLN for thanksgiving—the non-intervention of
foreign Powers—would hitve seemed to lose half its
weight. _ .

While such speaking was confined to the aristo-
cracy of the Cabinet—to Lords PALMERSTON and
RUSSELL especially—it might be supposed in Ame-
rica that the belief in ultimate separation of North
and South was chiefly confined to the English aris-
tocracy—the men who naturally sympathised with
Southern slaveholders, or as they call themselves
Southern chivalry. Mr. GLADSTONE'S speech, de-
livered at Manchester, too, will dissipate that illu-
sion. It will be seen that the commercial talent of
the Cabinet—what on this subject we may call the
JOHN BRIGHT section of it—does not believe in the
final re-union of the now separated States. The
speaker was not one of those, as he distinctly stated,
who envied the growth and greatness of America,
but not the less, he now thinks, that its territorial
greatness cannot remain what it has been. He
'flakes every allowance for the difficulty of impar-
tialitY, on the part of Americans during their pre-
sent excitement, in judging of the conduct of this
country, but he, nevertheless, thinks their judg-
ment of England has been unfair.
They
in
first asked far and expected our sym-
pathy n their fearful straggle. This, however,
says the statesman, meant nothing less than that
we should so conduct ourselves towards the North,
that a people, numbering from six to eight mil-
lions, who had at least v, fair chance of becoming an
would ever after cherish bitter
independent nation,
animosity towards us. no insists, as so many of
us have done already, on the North refusing to
Make the struggle one for freedom, in
which case it
would have been impossib!e for Englishmen to
withhold their sympathy ; and he hints that the
countenance given to Southern institutions by the
North, pieced the North and the South, in regard
to slavery, very much, in Eagiish judgment, on the
same ground. He reminds them how ready the
North would have been to give the South the
strongest guaranters for slavery, if it would but
reunite with it again under one Government, and
renflinns the unpalateab!ermark of Lord lltissELL,
that the quart el wan really one foe "supremacy' on
one Ride, and independence on the other."

The question, as our Chancellor of the Exchequer
truly observed, is this—" Is the heart of the South

net on. separation ; if not, it may be conquered—
but if it he, and if the blood of Washington, and of
the men of Virginia of his day, still runs in the
veins of those wt.o inhabit the Southern States,
then it is almost impossible that the military object
should be effected, and even if it were, the civil and

political difficulties remaining would render that
military success a curse and a difficulty to those who
achieved it." This is but indeed the comm ,n sense
view, which in various forms has been expressed in
England again and again, The military conquest
of a vast and really hostile country, with so many
millions of inhabitants scattered over it, is next to
an impossibility—and if conquered, it could be re•
tained in subjection only by a standing army and a
military government which would render free in-
stitutions a nullity.
The truth is, when once the slaveholders had
persuaded the entire South to join them in seces-
sion, the North had but the alternative of a war
for emancipation, or separation. They had
not one statesman among them who clearly
saw and urged this fact, so obvious to
impartial observers elsewhere. The North '
desired slavery to remain in the South, for its sons
reaped handsome profits from it ; it wished, there-
fore, to recover the Southern States as slave States.
This was simply impossible. The slaves knew the
mean policy of the North ; thought they were as
well off if the North were beaten as if it won, and
went on working, and enabling their masters to
leave their homes, and to take and keep the field.
They thus became the strength instead of the weak-
ness of the South. Had the declaration of war, in
April last year, been accompanied by a declaration
of emancipation for all slaves, with compensation for
loyal masters, in all probability the present April
would have seen the Republic restored, war ended,
millions of dollars saved, and the United States, a
Republic based on the principle of their own
Declaration of Independence, instead of resting on
their odious constitution—the only one in Christen-
dom—which recognises the right of property in

man.
There are, indeed, symptoms in the PRESIDENT'S
resolution, and the bill for emancipating the dis-
trict of Columbia, of the North opening its eyes a
little—but unless it opens them quickly and widely,
it will not save itself from a war of years, to end,
quite possibly, in an irrevocable separation.

In less than a week from the present time the
Great International Exhibition will have been
opened. We know now by what ceremonial. The
order of the arrangements has at length been duly
announced. Elsewhere in our columns of this even-
ing may be found the official programme. Not by
the QUEEN herself will the last Intelleetural Gift of
her departed husband to the Nation be inaugurated.
7 hat at any rate we knew long since. It was felt
instinctively by all alike that the remembrance
would be altogether too poignant to admit of the
widowed Sovereign in person presiding over the
opening day's pageantry. The very splendour of
that gorgeous ceremony would—it was instantly
felt on all hands—be in no way in unison with the
grief still weighing heavily at the heart of Vic-
TORIA : that the very harmonies of the inaugural
hymns of prayer and praise would jar discordantly
upon the senses of the royal mourner. Even it has
been deemed too painfully suggestive in its way of 1
the greatness of the national bereavement, this
inauguration of the PRINCE CONSORT'S posthumous
masterpiece, his Royal Highness's second Inter-
national Exhibition, the one not of 1851 but of 1862,
not in Hyde-park but at South Kensington—to ad-
mit
of her MAJESTY being represented on the occasion
by the personage nearest to the throne of these
realms, its next occupant, the future King of Eng-
land. So that matters have been gracefully and
tenderly so arranged, that while the Great Exhibi-
tion
is being opened solemnly by Royal Commission
on the afternoon of Thursday next, the first of May,
her MAJESTY will be far away in the north of her
island realm, and the Prince of WALES yet further
removed from the scene, his Royal Highness being
still in the midst of his Oriental wanderings.
Darkened though the occasion will be, however, by
the inevitable thought of the loss of which it must
at every turn so vividly remind every individual
spectator— saddened though the ceremonial
necessarily must be by the recollection of its re-
splendent predecessor of eleven years ago, when
side by side under the glittering arch of glass
stood the QUEEN Regnant and her Princely Hus-
band, now no more—still the afternoon of this next
Thursday, the Ist of May, down at South Kensing-
ton, will not to any appreciable extent be shorn of
its magnificence. The Royal Commissioners by
whom the Great Exhibition, in the absence of the
SOVEREIGN, will be opened, we now know, will be
his Grace the Archbishop of CANTERBURY, the
Lord High Chancellor, the Earl of DERBY, K.G.,
the Lord Chamberlain, the Prime Minister of Eng-
land, and the Speaker of the House of Commons—
the whole of those distinguished personages being
presided over, or marshalled, by his Royal High-
ness the Commander-in-Chief. The mere proces-
sion, as it streams before our imagination while
glancing down the printed programme of the regu-
lations, gives promise of the stately character of the
mere mechanism of the inauguration. And the
diversity of that procession serves to illustrate in no
unbefitting manner the wonderful and bewildering
diversity of the Exhibition itself. Trumpeters of
the Life Guards in their state uniforms, leading
forth the contractors, the decorators, and the archi-
tect—these soon afterwards followed by the one
great intellectual songster of the age—the Poet
Laureate ! Around these, as the procession advances
through the building,—

"All of beauty, all of use,
That one fair planet can produce,
Brought from under every star,
Blown from over every main,
And mixt, as life is )nixt with pain,
The works of peace with works of war."
How world-wide the gathering together of
treasures, whether of art or of nature, brought
to that one amazing point of centralization
or accumulation—the mere catalogue of the coun-
tries contributing to the display serves the most
readily and the most vividly to illustrate ! Com-
missioners—among other foreign lands—coming to
us from Austria, Baden, Bavaria, Belgium, Bolivia,
Brazil, Denmark, France, Greece, Hanover, Hayti,
Italy,Peru, Portugal,Prussia, Rome,Russia,Saxony,
Spain, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Turkey,
the United States (!) and Wurtemburg. These,
all of them observe, besides others unnamed, being
exclusively foreigners. Prior to these appearing in
the long and majestic procession, the following
array of acting Commissioners, is still from the
ends of the earth it is true, but all of them from our
colonies and dependencies, Australia (West), Aus-
tralia (Soutl,), Bahamas, Bermuda, British Columbia,
British Guiana, Canada, Cape Colony, Ceylon,
Grenada, Hong Kong, J,,maica, India, lonian
Wands, Malta, Mauritius, Natal, New Brunswick,
Newiousdiand, Nt'w South Wales, New Z_'aland.
Nova Scotia, Prince Edward's Island, Queensland,
St. Helena, St. Vincent, Tasmania, Trinidad, Van-
couver's 'lsland, and Victoria.
Jr is as well, surely, that our beloved QUEEN
should take no part in this inaugural pageantry, if
only that her heart might not be torn with anguish,
while the vaulted root, the aisles, and naves of the
gigantic building vibrate the choral chant of Pro-
fessor BENNETT S music to the noble words of
ALFRED TENNYSON-7

6,0, silent father of our Kings to be,
Mourn'd in this golden hour of jubilee,
For this, for all, we weep our thanks to thee 1"

We talk still of our intended monument to