The Sun.
London, England, 1865-05-09 00:00:00

N°. 22,741.

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, MAY 9, 186-5.

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On Friday next, in I vol., with Illustrations, 155.,
YACHTING ROUND THE WEST OF
ENGLAND. By the Rev. A. G. L'EST RANGE,
8.A., of Exeter College, OxfOrd, R.T. Y.C.
Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, 13, Great Harltorongh-
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possible to overcome their opposition. The Lords
would have had no wed to assert their rights, for
the measure would either have never reached them
at all, or have made its appearance in their House
so feeble and mutilated that the public would have
been glad to be relieved of it. The bill of 1860
failed simply through want of the common support
necessary to carry a road bill or harbour bill through
Parliament. Well might Mr. llorsman say that the
House and the country were responsible for the
result as well as the Government, and that the latter
had been fully absolved for any shortcomings on the
Reform question. But these bygones arc quite
bygones. The events of five or six years ago are
thrown into the background by mighty occurrences.
The last Reform Bills were presented at the time
when Italy was in the full career of revolution, and
the period of our political inaction since has been
passed in contemplating the most momentous con-
flict since the wars of the French Empire. The ques-
tion last night was what course the Government,
with a full sense of its means and its responsibilities,
would take on the subject of Reform. _ It must be
evident that such a subject can be successfully
treated only by a strong Ministry using
all its
strength. Mr. Baines's bill, even if its principle
were adopted, could only be a part of the large and
comprehensive measure. There are counties as well
as boroughs ; there are respectable men other than
householders; there are vast inequalities in the con-
stituencies. Some five or six most important points
would require discussion and decision, as well as the
mere descent from £lO to £6 on the occupation
franchise. It was a legitimate curiousity, therefore,
which made the housetesirous last night to hear the
views of Government. Destiny gave them Sir
George Grey as an exponent of the Ministerial po-
licy. He was certainly unfortunate in taunting the
opponents of the bill with being opposed to Reform
of every kind. The bill is as plain and sharply de-
fined a measure as ever was drawn ; it would give
the franchise to a single section of the working
class, and to no one else, and may fairly be opposed
by the most sincere reformers. The injustice thus
done to the opponents of the bill, coupled with his
own lukewarm statements as to the Ministerial in-
tentions, naturally took away from the effeet of the
only official speech made during the evening. But
Sir G. Grey, we conceive, duly represented the po-
licy of the Government—the only sensible policy—
which is to ascertain the wishes of the country by
awaiting the assembly of the next House of Com-
mons. He refused to be bound to the £6 franchise,
and declared that he and his colleagues did not in-
tend to ask the support of the country as the advo-
cates of a great measure of Parliamentary Reform.
However much these utterances may contrast with the
reforming sentiments which were fashionable when
this Parliament was young, the division last night
proved that they are acceptable now. The result
of the discussion has undoubtedly been to strengthen
the resistance which will be made to the democratic
tendencies of any future Reform Bill. The question
is at an end as far as the present Parliament is con-
cerned ; but there is nothing in the decision of last
night against well-considered changes in the repre-
sentation, such as shall admit to a vote numbers
of men who are now excluded. The progress
of education and of political knowledge has been
such during the last thirty years that a much larger
proportion of the people is capable of wisely using
the franchise ; but even the unenfranchised feel that
at present there are more theoretical anomalies than
practical wrongs. The immobility of the working
class is a tribute to the excellent legislation of Par-
liament' as now constituted. The practical good
sense of the people tells them that Reform is not a
question to be angry and noisy about. We shall be
glad to see a measure passed without commotion,
and in a liberal but moderate spirit, for the improve-
ment cf our electoral system ; but in the meantime
the country has no reason to be dissatisfied with the
House of Commons as it is.

lives of his men by a fruitless resistance to over-
whelming force. The news of Mr. Lincoln's assas-
sination had caused a not unnatural feeling of in-
dignation among Sherman's troops, who received
the order declaring the truce and the amnesty with
significant coolness, and if further fighting were
provoked by the resistance of Johnston's army, the
fury of the Federal soldiers might not be easily
controlled, and scenes of massacre and bloodshed
might take place which cannot be too earnestly
deprecated.
---
PARLIAMENTARY DIVISION.

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HOUSE OF COMMONS-MAY 8.
BOROUGH FRANCHISE EXTENSION BILL.

Order read for resuming adjourned debate on previous
question, " That the question, That the bill be now read a
second time,' be now put." Question again proposed-
Debate resumed. Previous question put, " That that
question be now put." The house divided—Ayes, 214
Noes, 288.

AYES —214.
Acland, T. D. Forster, C. Pease, H.
Acton, Sir J. Forster, W. E. Peel, F.
Adair, H. E. Fortescue F. D. Peto, Sir 311,
Adam, W. P. Fortescue, C. S. • Pilkington, J.
Agar-Ellis, L. G. Gavin, Major Pinney, Col.
Andover, Lord Gibson, T. M. Pollard Urquhart W
Angerstein, W.• Gilpin, C. Ponsonby, A.
Anstruther, Sir R. Gladstone, W. E. Portman, W. H. B.
Antrobus, E. Glyn, G. G. Potter, E.
Ayrton, A. S. Goldsmid, Sir F. Po :ter, T. B.
Bagwell, J. Goschen, G. J. Powell, J. J.
Baring, T. G. Gower, F. L. Price, E.G.
Barnes, T. Gowet, G. W. L. Pryse, E. L.
Baxter, W. E. Greene, J. Redmond, J. E.
Beale, S. Greenwood, J. Robartes, T. J. A.
Beamish, F. B. Grenfell, H. B. Robertson, D.
Berkeley, Col. Grey, Sir G. - Roebuck, J. A.
Berkeley, C. P. F. Gurney, S. Rothschild,Baron M
Biddulph, Col. Hadfield, G. Russell, A.
Blake, J. Hanbury, R. Russell, Sir W.
Blencowe, J. G. Handley, J. St. Aubyn, J.
Bouverie, E. P. Hankey, T. Salomona,Aiderman
Bouverie, P. P. Hanmer. Sir J. Schneider, H. W.
Bowyer, Sir G. Hartington,Marquis Scholefieid, W.
Brand, H. Headlam, T. E. Scott, Sir W.
Bruce, H. A. Henderson, J. Scrope, G. P.
Buller, Sir A. W. Henley, Lord Seely, C.
Bury, Viscount Hibbert, J. T. Seymour, Digby
Butler, C. S. Hodgkinson, G. Shelley, Sir J. V.
Buxton. C. Holland, E. Sheridan, R. B.
Caird, J. Howard, C. W. G. Sheridan, H. B.
Calthorpe, F. U. Ingham, R. Smith, J. A.
Cardwell, E. Jackson, W. Smith, J. B.
Carnegie, C. Jervoise, Sir J. Smith, M. T.
Cheetham, J. Johnstone, Sir J. Stacpoole, W.
Childers, H. C. E. Kennedy, T. Staniland, M.
Clay, J. . King, P. J. L. Stanley, 0.
Clifford, C. C. Kinglake, A. W. Stansfeld, J.
Clifford, Col. Kinglake, Serj. J. Steel, J.
Clifton, Sir R. Kingscote, Col. Stuart, CoL C.
Clive, G. Kinnaird, A. F, Sykes, Col. W. IL
Cobbett, J. M. Layard, A. H. Talbot, C. R. M.
Collier, Sir R. P. Langton, W. H. G. Taylor, P. A.
Colthurst, Sir G. Lawson, W. Thompson, H. S.
Cowper, W. F. Leatham, E. A. Tite, W.
Cox, W. Lefevre, G. Jr. S. Tollemache, F. J.
Craufurd, E. H. J. Lee, W. Tracy, C. R. D.
Crawford, R. W. Lewis, H. Turner, J. A.
Crossley, Sir F. Locke, J. Tynte, Col. K.
Dalglish, R. Lysley, W. J. Verney, Sir H.
Davey, It. M‘Mahon, P. Villiers, C. P.
Davie, Sir H. B. F. Maguire, J. F. Vivian, H. H.
Denman, G. Marjoribanks, D. C. Vyner, R A.
Dent J. D. Martin, P. W. Waldegrave-Leslie
Dering, Sir E. Martin, J. • Warner, E.
Dillwyn, L. L. Merry, J. Watkin, E. W.
Dodson, J. G. Miller, W. Weguelin, T. X
Douglas, Sir C. Mitchell, T. A. Western, S.
Doulton, F. Moffatt, G. Westhead, J.IP. B.
Duff, M. E. Moncreiff, J. Whalley, G. H.
Duke, Sir J. Monsen, W. Whitbread, S.
Dundas, F. Morris, W. White, J.
Dundee, Sir D. Morrison, W. Wickham, H. W.
Dunlop, A. M. Neste, C. Williamson, Sir H.
Ellice, E. North, F. Wood, Sir C.
Enfield, Viscount O'Donoghue, The Wyld, J.
Ewart, W. Ogilvy, Sir J. Wyvill, M.
Ewart, J. C. Onslow, G. Young, G.
Ewing, H. E. C. Osborne R. B.
Fenwick, E. M. Owen, Sir H.
Fenwick, H. PadmOre, R.
Fitzroy, Lord F. Paget, C.
Foljambe, F. J. S. Paget, Lord C.

Baines, E.
Bazley, T.

PosT.—The American news which we publish this
morning is of a varied and an interesting character.
By a curious accident of retributive justice,
Wilkes Booth, the assassin of Mr. Lincoln, has
himself been shot through the head, while in the
act of resisting capture by his pursuers, who had
tracked him to his last hiding-place. Booth and
a man named Harrold, a supposed accomplice, in
order to escape detection, appear to have adopted
the expedient of dressing themselves in the uni-
form of Confederate soldiers. To this "they added
the further device of vehemently denouncing the
crime which one of them had committed. But
neither pretence was of any avail. The
detectives traced them to a swamp in St. Mary's
County, Maryland, and subsequently to Garrett's
Farm, near Port Royal, on the Rappahannock.
Here they locked themselves into a barn, which was
set on fire by the soldiers who had surrouuded it,
and who had thus cut off all chance of escape.
Harrold was taken alive. Booth was shot as we
have described, and died after lingering a few hours.
He exhibited a characteristic desperation to the last,
reproached his associate with cowardice for suggest-
ing a surrender, and fired upon the soldiers. The
fire was returned, and he fell. The persons at Gar-
rett's Farm who had harboured him have been
arrested, and declare that they had no knowledge
of the real character of their guest. When Booth
escaped on horseback immediately after the mur-
der, he is supposed to have met with an accident,
for he had sustained a severe injury in the leg, and
a Dr. Mudd, of Maryland, who had set the limb
and supplied his patient with crutches, has been
arrested on suspicion of complicity. It is stated
that the man who attempted to murder Mr. Seward
has been discovered and captured ; and there were
reports purporting to be based upon official an-
nouncements that the conspiracy was being traced
to its source. On these points, however, we must
wait for further and more ample information. The
military intelligence renders it somewhat doubtful
whether the war is really at an end, upon a large
scale, or not. General Sherman appears to have
considered it competent for him to exercise a wider
discretion and an ampler power in negotiating with
General Johnston than his Commander-in-Chief
had asaumed in dealing with General Leo. The
orders of the Government addressed to General
Grant were to hold no conference with Genertl Lee
except as a
Preliminary to surrender. The corre-
spondence between these commanders, prior to the
surrender of the Southern army of Virginia, shows
how these orders were obeyed. It was natural that
the new President should have adopted and con-
firmed the same arrangement with regard to all the
Federal armies on service in the South. General
Sherman, however, entered into negotiations with
Johnston upon a much wider basis, including the
political as well as the military relations of the belli-
gerents--subject, however, as a matter of course, to
the ratifications of the respective Governments.
According to this arrangement hostilities were im-
mediately to cease until 48 hours' notice of their re-
sumption on either side, the Confederate armies
were to be immediately disbanded, and their arms
deposited in the State capitals, there to be placed at
the disposal of the State and Federal authorities. The
remainder of the stipulations, however wise and
politic in themselves, appear to transcend the powers
with which a general in the field is invested. The
recognition of the State Governments by the Fede-
ral Executive; the settlement by the Supreme Court
of the questions raised by the conflict of State
Governments arising out of the war ; the procla-
mation of a general amnesty and the immediate
cessation of the war ; the assurance to the people
of the South by the Federal Government of their
rights as long as they should obey the laws—these
are matters on which even the Commander-in-
Chief, hi the absence of special powers, could have
no authority to treat. It might be expedient and
wise to come to such arrangement as this in the
end, but the Washington Government not unnatu-
rally appear to have thought that Sherman had ex-
ceeded the extent of his commission. Whether all
the reasons alleged for repudiating the unauthorised
engagement of their officer be sound and wise or not
is another question ; but it is not difficult to anti-
cipate what those reasons would be, nor to compre-
hend the force of them from the point of view likely
to be taken by the Northern belligerent. It was
objected that the arrangement was a virtual recog-
nition of the Confederate Government, and a no less
direct exemption of the Confederates from liability
to punishment—that it would enable them to estab-
lish new State Governments with slavery ; might
render the Federal Government responsible for the
Confederate debt; would afford no firm basis for
peace ; and would even enable the Confederates to
renew the war when they had recovered their
strength. General Sherman was consequently or-
dered to resume hostilities, Grant himself imme-
diately proceeded to the seat of war in North Caro-
lina to direct operations in person, and notice was
given to General Johnston that the truce was at an
end. In the meantime orders had been given to
the Federal Generals Meade, Sheridan, and Wright
to move forward with all possible despatch and cut
off Johnston's retreat. As it is stated that this
General, the only Southern commander now in the
field, at the head of a considerable army, was ready
to surrender on the same terms as • Lee, had not
Sherman consented to enter upon larger negotia-
tions, it is probable that, surrounded as he must be
on all sides, he will not uwaecoorily ffacrifice the

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STAMPED sd.

The Public licalth,

The following is the Quarterly Return of mar-
riages, births, and deaths registered in the divisions,
counties, and districts of England, published by
authority of the Registrar-General :
"General Register-office, Somerset 'louse,
April 29.
" This return comprises the births and deaths
registered by 2,200 registrars in all the districts of
England during the winter quarter that ended on
March 31, 1865 ; and the marriages in 12,741
churches or chapels, about 5,163 registered places
of worship unconnected with the Established Church,
and 641 superintendent registrars' offices, in the
quarter that ended Dec. 31, 1864.
" The marriages in the fourth quarter of last year
were numerous even for the Christmas season of the
year. In the first quarter of the present year a birth
rate high above any example furnished by the pre-
vious ten years maintained the increase of popula-
tion. The catalogue of deaths was also very heavy.
A severe and protracted winter, with scarlatina and
fever, swelled the mortuary returns. Under less fa-
vourable sanitary conditions the kingdom might have
been ravaged by pestilence. And there is much still
in our houses and towns to set in order.
" MARRIAGES.

" The number of weddings in the three months
ending Dec. 31 was 53,069, or an average of 577
daily. f"was greater than in any previous Tatter.
In London it rose from 7,811 and 7,856 in the cor-
responding quarter of the two previous years to
8,693. The West Riding of Yorkshire, Durham,
Northumberland, and South Wales also showed by
a clear increase in their marriages that the times
were prosperous with them.
" In Lancashire the marriages, which were 6,499
in the last quarter of 1863, decreased to 6,152 in
that of 1864 ; but they were considerably more nu-
merous than in the same period of 1862.
" The total number of marriages in the year was
180,263, or on an average, 493 daily. In the pre-
vious year it was 173,510.
" The marriage-rate in the year (viz., proportion
of persons married to 100 of the population) was
1.736, and it was high throughout the year. Tlig
annual marriage-rate of the fourth quarter wag
2.020 against an average rate of F 963 ; in the ten
years 1855-64 there is only one instance of a higher
rate (2.026) which occurred in 1859.
" BIRTHS.

" In the three months that ended 31st of March
194,287 children were born. The births in London

were 28,059, a number equal to the total contribu-
tion of the two north-western counties, Cheshire
and Lancashire. As with the marriages, so with the
births, the increase was furnished chiefly by the
metropolis, the West Riding of Yorkshire, Durham,
Northumberland, and South Wales. The births in
the West Riding increased as follows:—In the March
quarter of 1863 they were 14,846 ; in that of 1864
they were 16,018, and in the present year 16,435.
In Durham the numbers were 5,931, 6,394, 6,707.
In Northumberland, 3,275, 3,402, 3,474. In South
Wales, 6,217, 6,415, and 6,685. In Sunderland
the births in the three periods were 950, 1,056, and
1,101. In the March quarter of the present year
1,924 children were born in the parish of Pancras,
London ; and in the district of Bradford in the
West Riding, which contains a population almost
as great, 2,193 were born in the same time.
" The birth-rate of the quarter (children born to
100 persons living) was 3.768 against an average of
3.627. The result is extraordinary. In the same
period of last year it was 3.740 ; in that of 1860 it
was 3.707 ; but the forty quarters of the last ten
years supply only another instance in which the
birth-rate was as high as 3.700, and none as high as
that of the last quarter.