The Sun.
London, England, 1865-02-11 00:00:00

General Sherman and the Negroes.

The following order has been issued by General
Sherman :

Headquarters, Military Division of the
Mississippi, in the field, Savannah,
Ga., Jan. 16.

1. The islands from Charleston south, the aban-
doned rice fields along the rivers for 30 miles back
from the sea, and the country bordering the St.
John River, Florida, are reserved and set apart for
the settlement of the negroes now made free by the
acts of war and the proclamation of the President
of the United States.

2. At Beaufort., Hilton Head, Savannah, Fernan-
dina, St. Augustine, and Jacksonville the blacks
may remain in their chosen or accustomed voca-
tions ; but on the islands and in the settlements
hereafter to be established, no white person what-
ever, unless military officers and soldiers detailed
for duty, will be permitted to reside ; and the sole
exclusive management of affairs will be left to the
freed people themselves, subject only to the United
States military authority and the acts of Congress.
By the laws of war and orders of the President of
the United States, the negro is free, and must be
dealt with as such. He cannot be subject to con-
scription or forced military service, save by the
written orders of the highest military authority of
the department, under such regulations as the Pre-
sident or Congress may prescribe. Domestic ser-
vants, blacksmiths, carpenters: and other mechanics
will be free to select their own work and residence ;
but the young and able-bodied negroes must be en-
couraged to enlist as soldiers in the service of the
United States, to contribute their share towards main-
taining their own freedom and securing their rights as
citizens of the United States. Negroes so enlisted
will be organised into companies, battalions, and
regiments, under the orders of the United States
military authorities, and will be paid, fed, and
clothed according to law. The bounties paid on
enlistment may, with the consent of the recruit, go
to assist. his family and settlement in procuring
agricultural implements, seed, tools, boots, clothing,
and other articles necessary for their livelihood.
3. 'Whenever three respectable negroes, heads of
families, shall desire to settle on land, and shall have
selected for that purpose an island or a locality
clearly defined, within the limits above designated,
the Inspector of Settlements and Plantations will
himself, or by such subordinate officers as he may
appoint, giving them a license to settle in such island
or district, and afford them such assistance as he
can to enable them to establish a peaceable agri-
cultural settlement. The three parties named will
subdivide the land, under the supervision of the
inspector, among themselves and such others as
may choose to settle near them, so that each family
shall have a plot of not more than forty acres of
tillable ground, and when it borders on some water
channel, with not more than eight hundred feet
front, in the possession of which land the military
authorities will afford them protection until such
time as they can protect themselves, or until Con-
gress shall regulate their title. The Quartermaster
may, on the requisition of the Inspector of Settle-
ments and Plantations, place at the disposal of the
Inspector one or more of the captured steamers to
ply between the settlements and one or more of the
commercial points heretofore named, in order to
afford the settlers the opportunity to supply their
necessary wants and to sell the products of their
land and labour.

4. Whenever a negro has enlisted in the military
service of the United States he may locate his family
in any one of the settlements at pleasure, and
acquire a homestead and all other rights and privi-
leges of a settler as though present in person. In
like manner negroes may settle their families and
engage on board the gunboats, or in fishing, or in
the navigation of the inland waters, without losing
any claim to land or other advantages derived from
this system. But no one, unless an actual settler as
above defined, or unless absent on Government ser-
vice, will be entitled to claim any right to land or
property in any settlement by virtue of those orders.
5. In order to carry out this system of settlement
a general officer will be detailed as Inspector of
Settlements and Plantations, whose duty it shall be
to visit the settlements, to regulate their police and
general management, and who will furnish person-
ally to each head of a family, subject to the approval
of the President of the United States, a possessory
title in writing, giving, as near as possible, the
description of boundaries, and who shall adjust all
claims or conflicts that may arise under the same,
subject to the like approval, treating such titles as
altogether possessory. The same general 'officer
will also be charged with the enlistment and organi-
sation of the negro recruits, and protecting their
interests while so absent from their settlements, and
will be governed by the rules and regulations pre-
scribed by the War Department for such purpose.
6. Brigadier-General R. Saxton is hereby ap-
pointed inspector of Settlements and Plaiitations,
and will at once enter upon the performance of his
duties. No change is intended or desired in the
settlement now on Beaufort Island, nor will any
rights to property heretofore acquired be affected
thereby.—By order of
Major-General W. T. SHER3IAN.
L. M. DAYTON, Major and Assistant
Adjutant-General.

The American Blockade.

lIAVANNAH, Jan. 21.

On the 14th arrived the English steamer 2ephine,
Captain Smith, six days from Galveston, with 1,400
bales of cotton and 11 passengers. January 19, one
and a half days from Nassau, Confederate steamer
General Whiting, 425 tons, in ballast, to M. A. Her-
rera and Co. The English steamer Denbigh, hitherto
so successful, left this port on the 17th inst. for Gal-
veston, though she cleared for Bermuda. We had a
report from Key West yesterday that she had been
captured and carried in there a prize, and a valuable
one. 11.30 a.m.—The Yazoo has just arrived. By her
papers of the 14th inst. rsee, among other items, the
Colonel Lamb (a very fast iron steamer) is reported at
Nassau, and this is false, as even while I write she is
steaming off the harbour. It is generally reported she
is to become a corsair or piratical cruiser. She car-
ries the Confederate flag at the gaff, and the Pal-
metto at the fore. I have.counted 42 men, evidently
her crew. She is reported to have cannon in her hold,
and I also saw large boxes of coal on the deck, abreast
the engines, forward of the guards. There is, I think,
no doubt that she is intended for a privateer. It is
just reported to me that this vessel has 140 men on
board, cleared as passengers for Nassau. About 11
p.m., on the night of the 18th inst., the famous steamer
Harriet Lane, then called the Lavinia, was discovered
to be on fire. The flames broke out in the bows.
After considerable delay, the fire pumps from the
arsenal, the navy, and the men-of-war in port were
brought to bear upon the vessel, producing, however,
little effect. She was finally towed ashore on a shoal
and scuttled. The following vessels are in port :
Mary Virginia (Confederate), Williams ; General
Whiting (Confederate), Jones ; Lavinia (Confede-
rate). Halifax, Nova Scotia, Jan. 25.—The royal
mail steamship Alpha, from St. Thomas and Ber-
muda, has arrived here. The blockade-runner Owl
succeeded in reaching Fort Caswell the night it was
evacuated. She immediately returned to Bermuda,
arriving on the 24st, with the news of the capture of
Fort Fisher, and stopping the Maud Campbell, Old
Dominion, Florence, Deer, and Virginia, all ready
to sail. The Charlotte and Stag sailed for Wilming-
ton at the same time with the Owl, and the Rattle-
snake, Chameleon, and Snag between the 13th and
20th, and had had not since been heard of.

The exhibition of the remaining works of the late
David Roberts, R.A., comprising finished pictures, draw-
ings, and sketches in oil and water-colours, will be opened
now in a very few days at the rooms of the Architectural
Association in Conduit-street.—The Reader.

it Cfrobt

HER MAJESTY.

The Queen took an airing yesterday
and drove out again in the afternoon with Pine
Helena.
Princess Louise and Prince Leopold also dr(Yie
OysenTy Fe
rab.o:eslg,
out.

The Prince and Princess of
Wales.
The Prince of Wales hunted with his harriers
major Tees.
near Windsor yesterday, attended by

dale.
The Princess of Wales took a carriage drive, at-

tended by the Hon. Mrs. Stonor. dinner
The Prince and Princess of Wales had a ---, his
party in the evening. The company included
Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, his Sereilu
st.
Highness the Prince of Leiningen, the Duke Ist.
Albans, the Marchioness of Ely, the Earl e't Less
Germans, the Earl of Dalhousie, Earl and Collniris..
Spencer, Viscount and Viscountess SydneY.ifenry
count and Viscountess Castlerosse, Sir "-at-
Howard, the Hon. Mrs. F. Stoner, Lielltenitt,
General and Mrs. Knollys, Colonel TYrw the
Equerry in Waiting to his Royal Highness
Duke of Cambridge, and Major Teesdale. ' rag,
During dinner the band of the Grenadier Gila ed
under the direction of Mr. D. Godfrey, Pericirill
a selection of music.

}Tealth of Cardinal Wiseman.
that
Yesterday morning the bulletin issued state- to
Cardinal Wiseman had had a quiet night, bateW.
in a very low state. In the afternoon the b It
indicated no improvement. At 11 o'clock last n.Ol,
the Cardinal was stated to be in the same COildipt,ic;is
Many of our leading aristocracy left their; no
during the day. The telegraphic messages
have been discontinued for the last few days'
4>
the
THE C 0 U R.T. —Her Majesty, accompanied",", 610
younger members of the royal family, and attended of
Court, is expected to leave Osborne on or about the ld`d.
18th inst., and return to Windsor Castle, where the reel
1
site preparations have been Made. 4.1.kil ded
His Royal Highness Prince Arthur, aThyee
by Major Elphinstone, visited Woolwich DocitYgrip'
day, and went on board the Admiralty steam-vesse-rel
chantress, which is being prepared to convey hls n the
highness on a cruise to the' Mediterranean dariliT
spring. The vessel has been repainted and decorated' der
her cabins have been fitted up in a superb In:bnocirgull.rdege
r
the direction of Mr. Wakelin, the Admiralty
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of COtrioce,
is expected to leave her residence at St. James's orjet
towards the close of the next month, for StrelitS,
to be present at the confirmation of the Ileredit3l-I,lll'
Duke Adolphus of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Tier
ness and the Princess Mary will return home Willie
afterwards. oapto
The Countess of Derby, accompanied by -; a
the Hon. A. F. and Lady Constance Stanley, is OPe-stielir.
arrrive in town to-day from Knowsley Park, Lail or(14
The Earl and Countess Russell have issue
for '
dinner parties on the 16th, 17th, and 23d inst. 0813
Viscount and Viscountess Bury and fanlilY,,,,F,A
returned to their residence, 48, Rutland-gate, for the Stir,' 0
Lord Bloomfield arrived in town last Diglitiroo
his seat in Ireland. The noble lord will leave f°, d.l tie.'
early in the ensuing month to resume his diploutve
145

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS F°"-t Bjl
ENS DING WEE K .-Monday-Geographieal:, visit co
" Basin of River Mahanuddy," Mr. Temple, and,r-,,,,1ai"
Ruined Cities of Cambodia," Dr. Bastian. 4fee
Actuaries, at 41, Council ; Royal Institution, at ra, „pits
tricity," Professor Tyndall ; Syro-Egyptian, at 4,', 1,101;
Discoveries at Church of Holy Sepulchre," Rey. 0 DO";
Anthropological, at 8, " Hadgis and Dervishes Of „erg t),:
Asia," M. A. Vdmbdry-" Physical, ex., Clial-aipti
Viti Islanders," Mr. Pritchard-"Fetish WorshiP7
Mr. Mackenzie-" Account of Rude Tribes, °leg 0'
Aborigines of South India," and " Leaf-Wearingll.,l, 1,1 r•
India," Dr. Shortt-" Anthropology of Linna3ns'
r, ~
Bendyshe ; Engineers, at 8, " Grifford's injecto
England ; Zoological, at 81, " Present State of IN:11°,, 4ecie
Dff
of Salmo," Dr. Gunther, and "Rare Birds Ell 41;
Newton. Wednesday-Society of Literature, gyead
Meteorological, at 7, "Mean Temperature from 5° t 6'
Observations," Mr. Glaisher ; Society of Arts,
Thursday-Royal Institution, at 3, "Electricity, inter'
fessor Tyndall ; Linnean, at 8, " Minute Aninl3l;„,s' ogee
mediate mediate between Sponges and Polycistina," CaP,,t9" ,eOO-
- Notes on Pueraria," Mr. Bentham-
te.:t•
Monstrosities," Mr. Dickie ; Geological, at 4, Gene ;PO;
mismatic, at ; Royal Academy, at 8, " Senl,,,,Ptinoa ~f°
,-
fessor Westmacott ; Chemical, at 8, "New I,ioAsr
preparing Anhydrides and Ethers," 31r.Brouglit°'1,
Silica
mistry of Calabar Bean,,, Dr. Fraser-,, Action.
and Carbonate of Soda on Cotton Fibre," Mr. C•
iGhleS
" New Electrical Lamp Regulator, &c.," 311.' t4F
" Oxidation of Indiarubber," Mr. Spill& ; 141:8, Stn,
Antiquaries, at 81. Friday-Royal Institution, s •
stitution of Fixed Stars and Nebulm," Mr. 1:1144'illtio ns -f
rola
logical, at 1, Anniversary; Philogical, at 8,
Languages of Ancient Gaul and Britain," gr•
turday-Royal Institution, at 3, " Nervous BY53*
fessor Marshal-Me/mom. eclbi
,s 'Ol •
PAUPERISM.-The monthly return rt I, of °,
the Poor-law Board shows that at the end i„EIW
vember the number of paupers in receipt of relic), aalie
land and Wales was not quite 3 per cent. less than a 00-
ber at the corresponding period of 1863. There he port
siderable reduction in the numbers relieved in t'„retise
western division, nearly 13 per cent., but the det
most other divisions of the kingdom was but trail:4808;
in two (the west-midland and the metropolis) thert tfloosf
slight increase. But it may be well to mention th%.96 p!
the numbers relieved in Nov., 1864, were onlY
NTO 10.
cent. fewer than in Nov., 1863, the numbers ill
were 13.56 per cent. less than in Nov., 1862.
89
ECLIPSES IN 1865.-There will be four ec'iof the
the present year-two of the sun and tWO
0,0 of
moon-the first being a partial eclipse of 0° WV,
which will take place early on the morning of tb° of the
April. It will commence at 3.45 a.m., the nliddi:sll he
eclipse being at 4.38 a.m., and ending at 5.31, tp°(-03 e
moon will set at London at 5.11, or 20 min.
,ipme- of the
eclipse ends. The moon at the time of the n'ju--,(3laci!icio
eclipse will be in the zenith of a place, the leaflifitplo
which, east of Greenwich, is 691 dog. nearly', 311",„ of "ft
less than 91 deg. S. The second, a total eclfiti O. of
sun, invisible in England, will take place on A"Pfill ?As
will be visible from the Great Southern Ocean, fr'9, 407
South America, the Atla.ntic Ocean, and part a
a partial eclipse it will be also visible at theCaP° st I°A:
Hope. The eclipse will begin at 37 minutes of occeot
Greenwich time, in longitude 88 deg. nearly
wich, and in latitude 411 deg. S. The contra. 10.--40
noon will be 4 minutes to 2 p.m., Greenwich o°l6 cistijo
tude 291 deg. W. of Greenwich, and in latitude vicli (10
min. S., and the eclipse will end at 4 p.m., Grcellial ,
nearly, in longitude 311 E. of Greenwich, e'n'A
clips° 0
41 deg. S. At the Cape of Good Hope the e 1101 E
begin at 13 minutes after 2 p.m., thefiddcl,le,io 00, 01'
12 minutes after 3 p.m., when rather less t'""a at
i
of the diameter will be obscured, and it will thifth,„Def•
nutes past 5 p.m., Greenwich mean time. of Oe'th
be a partial eclipse of the moon, on the Oil his clai
This will be visible from England. On I°,t 21
moon rises at a quarter past 5, and is due P-Deia
nutes before midnight. The eclipse Will Deloretiliti
minutes to 10 p.m., and will end at 19 rafulltes niy a so °`
night; but the whole extent covered will barne•-• clip
e
part of the moon's diameter: The fourth is nallo fi.oo
the
someplacesn, on the 19th of October. This I)°se otk e",t
ps, but will be visible as a partial ee"P oillatewtite"
England. At london the eclipse will begin at 12 la 9 alLttV
I p.m., while the middle of the eclipse will " oe0:
past 5 ; but on this day the sun will set at 4 '-'ll,otiloite;
greatest phase, less-than one-third of the sun, T`rti 0 0 reo
The eclipse will commence at Cambridge
past 4 p.m., at Oxford at 6 minutes past 4 te sto 00;
at 4 minutes to 4 p.m., at Edinburgh at 8 nliunlocal
and at Dublin at 20 minutes to 4 p.m., in theA at 4A. COI,:
three places. The sun will set at Edinionr'.ll and TP-
Dublin and Liverpool at 4.53, and at °sf°t'roP°l".alia'
bridge about a minute sooner than in theme_, are a ea
30,ci
40040
central eclipse begins at 19 minutes to
time, in long. 123 deg. nearly W. of Green_ tio rep f
47+ deg. N., nearly. It will be central in 'ltie 0, de
from North America, over the North I°l°l,l a Wit.. •Sr.,
Africa, and joining places the longitude 5'471 dego'ia
which are :-W. long. 123 deg. and N. 814 deg;
long. 105 deg. and N. lat 43 deg.; W. lon', 27
lat. 34 deg, ;W. long. 691 deg. and N. 77 17 deg 't,
long. 51 deg. and N. lat. 17 deg. ; I°ngi,T 24j
N. lat 141 deg. ; and W. long. 71 deg. aud,
PLYMOUTH, Friday.-The barque Pr-
to Ivieoileg
belouginigos 000 tr 9
tons, Captain George Ellery,
T. and C. Nichols, of Leadenhall-streetl4oding.,,,.sr,
oy
south-east of the Lizard at noon yesterday' bags Ye,
shore. She is bound to London, with 1,12
leaded ~toici:F,
bales sheep's wool, six bales cotton, &0' and
Natal, and 760 bales wool, and sundry 811 Novell
•
loaded in Algoa Bay. The Braintree iteoticiiecle.'o Poi
rounded the Cape of Good Hope D°0.41 andslo°
sion on the 26th, crossed the lino Jan. ,
~rtinti~ Jan
HP'
3d, in lat. 352 N., long. 26 16 W., he
83111 •
'
to
eIS
showing Hanoverian colours, bound l2reN
lat. 5 38 N., long. 23 30 W., the iron 514
London for Calcutta.

tiv
ist
,

itar.

Feb. 1O

morning,
rh Prince's

also dr°C°

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haulers
,is haul'
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drive at-

I a Diller
eluded his
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