The Sun.
London, England, 1865-04-03 00:00:00

reason that the requisite number of men will be
obtained by volunteering, if a little extra exertion
be made by the citizens ; but, in reality, because its
rigid enforcement would seriously endanger the
peace, if not the safety, of the city. It also deserves
mention that, after long and patient search, the
military authorities and police of New York have
discovered one person on whom to fix the charge of
attempting to burn down the hotels and other places
of public resort in November last, and that he has
been sentenced by court-martial to be forthwith
hung on Governor's Island. The name of the de-
linquent is Kennedy, and he was at one time a
captain in the Confederate service. Whether he
was commanded by any superior authority to per-
form this treacherous and cowardly task, in which
he so egregiously failed, he has not undertaken to
say, and if he hold his peace to the last there will
probably be no means of knowing. That his en-
terprise was fiendishly wicked and that he richly
deserves his fate no reasonable man will deny.
The ignorance of the chiefs of the Republican
party in Congress, and of the Administration itself
(Mr. Hugh M'Culloch alone excepted), on all
questions of political economy, is well known to
every European student of American history and
to some few members of the Opposition. It is an
ignorance which is not confined to the Legislature
and the Government, but which extends, unfortu-
nately, to the leading merchants and bankers in
this great city, and which pervades and permeates
all classes of society. It is thought that economic
laws do not apply to a new and large country like
the United States in the same manner as they do
to the older and smaller kingdoms and empires of
Europe ; and that America, in fact, is so young, so
strong, and so rich that, like a robust youth, it
may make inroads upon its health which would be
fatal to the life of a septuagenarian, or a man in
middle age. When English writers have accused the
Americans of this ignorance, the result of no inca-
pacity to be taught any better, but of sheer arro-
gance and conceit, the reply has always been that
Englishmen were prejudiced and unfriendly, or that,
at all events, they were not competent to understand
" our great country." When the better informed
among their own countrymen have made the same
charge, the reply has usually been that the objectors
were " Copperheads," " Traitors," " Secessionists"
or " rebels." If there be one man above all others
who has a chance of speaking upon questions of po-
litical economy to the American people with the
certainty of being respectfully listened to it is Mr.
Richard Cobden. In a private letter to the Federal
Minister at the Court of Copenhagen, published
this afternoon for the first time, that gentleman,
after expressing his views upon the war and the pro-
gressof hostilities, concludes with the following im-
pressive warning and rebuke
" You will have a task sufficient to employ all your ener-
gies at home in bringing your finances into order. There is
a dreadful want of capacity at your head in questions of
political economy—you seem now to bo in the same state of
ignorance as that from which we began to emerge 40 years
ago. The labours of Huskisson, Peel, and Gladstone seem
never to have been heard of by Messrs. and Co. De-
pend on it that, as there is no royal road to learning, so
there is no republican path to prosperity. Youmust follow
the beaten track of experience. Debt is debt, whether on
the west or east of the Atlantic, and it can be paid only by
prudence and economy, and a wise distribution of its
burdens."

The Republican journals which reprint this letter
have considerately left a blank for the names of the
ignorant financiers and legislators to whom he drew
the especial attention of his correspondent. There
is, however, no difficulty in filling up the gap with
scores or hundreds of names, beginning with Mr.
Lincoln, Mr. Morrill, of tariff notoriety, and Mr.
Chase, and ending with Mr. Fessenden and Mr.
Thaddeus Stevens.
Naval and Military Intelligence.

The 23d company of Royal Engineers, under the
command of Capt. Reginald G. Thorold, will pro-
ceed from headquarters, Chatham, this week, to
the Government rifle-range at Milton, for the pur-
pose of going through a course of ball practice
prior to the embarcation of the company for the Cape
of Good llope. Orders have also been received
directing the Ist company of Royal Engineers to
be held in readiness to leave the camp at Alder-
shott and embark for service in Canada on or about
the 27th of this month. The officers who will proceed
with the company are Capt. J. M. 11. Maitland and
Lieut. H. Robinson. The 25th company of Royal
Engineers has received orders to be held in readiness
to proceed from Brompton Barracks, Chatham, to
Weymouth, while it will be employed in the repair
and reconstruction of the defences on that part of
the coast. The whole of the companies will be aug-
mented to their full strength from the depot com-
panies at headquarters. An order from the Horse
Guards directs that no man of bad character is to
be allowed to re-engage for service in the corps of
Royal Engineers on the expiration of his period of
limited enlistment.

The trial of the Salamis paddle despatch-vessel,
835 tons, 250-horse power, Commander F. G.
Suttie, took place on Thursday over the measured
mile in Stokes Bay, near Portsmouth, under un-
usually favourable conditions of wind and weather.
The wind had a force of from 1 to 2 only from
W.N.W., and the water was quite smooth. The
trial of the Salamis was attended with unusual inte-
rest, from the fact of her being the trial vessel se-
lected by the Admiralty to compare results with the
Helicon, a sister vessel in tonnage and with engines
from the same patterns, but with her fore-body con-
structed on Mr. Reed's elongated U plan, a form of
construction that has also been adopted in the
French Imperial marine by Depuy De Lowe in the
Solferino, Magenta, and other vessels. The Salamis
and Helicon are two out of four vessels of a new
class recently introduced into her Majesty's navy as
fast paddle despatch-boats, the other two being the
Enchantress (Admiralty yacht) and the Psyche.
The two latter vessels carry the old regulation
figure-head and gear, with bowsprit, &e., project-
ing beyond their stems ; but the Salamis and Hele-
con have nothing outside their stems, and carry
their stays from foremast and foretopmast down
to their stern-heads. The Salamis has an upright
stem, and her old lines abaft the stem, but the Helicon
has her stem thrown inboard (thus giving her the
" swanbreast" form of stem) and her lines aft as
designed by Mr. Reed, the Chief Constructor of her
Majesty's navy. The Helicon will make her trial
in about six weeks from this date. The Salamis
drew 10ft. 4in. of water forward and 10ft. sin. aft.
with 180 tons of coals on board, and complete in all
respects for six months' sea service, with the excep-
tion of a few cask of provisions. The results of the

trial were as follows :--With full-boiler power.—
First run—revolution of engines, 31.75 ; time, 4m.
19sec. ; speed of ship, 13.900 ; steam, 26 ; vacuum,
25. Second run—revolutions of engines, 31.75 ;
time, 4m. 31sec. ; speed, 13.284 ; steam, 26.5 ;
vacuum, 24-5. Third run—revolutions of engines, 32;
time, 4m. 13sec. ; speed, 14,220; steam, 26.5; vacuum,
24-5. Fourth run—revolutions of engines, 32 ; time,
4m. 371 sec. ; speed, 12.996 ; steam, 26.5 vacuum, 24.5
Fifth run—revolutions of engines, 32 ; time, 4m.
ssec. ; speed, 14.694 ; steam, 26.5 ; vacuum, 24.5.
Sixth run—revolutions of engines, 32 ; time, 4m.
52sec. ; speed, 12.329 ; steam, 26.5 ; vacuum, 24.5.
The mean speed of the ship with full-boiler power
was 13.682 knots. With half-boiler power a speed
of 11.433 knots was obtained as a mean of two runs,
the revolution of the engines being 26.5 and 27 ;
the pressure 26, and vacuum 25. In making circles
with full power and turning to port 27 seconds were
expended in getting up the helm and bringing the
rudder to an angle of 25, with three turns of the
wheel and four men to man it, the half circle being
made in 2min. 39sec., and completed to the full
circle in smin. 6sec. In turning to starboard, the
time occupied in getting up the helm was 32 secs.,
the angle of the rudder being 24.5, with three turns
of the wheel, and the half circle made in 2 min.
40 sec., and the full circle in 5 min. 13 sec.
In both instances the revolutions of the
engines before putting up the helm were 32 deg., and
lowered to 30 deg. afterwards. With half-power
the circles were made in less time than with
full power, as will be seen by the appended figures :
—Turning toport—Half circle made in 2 min. 5 sec.;
full do., 4 min. 15 sec. ; angle of rudder, 291 deg. ;
do. to starboard, half circle made in 2 min. 4 sec. ;
full do., 4 min. 5 sec. ; angle of rudder, 30 deg. The
temperature during the trial were,—On deck, 58

deg. to 60 deg. ; engine-room, 65 dog. to 62 deg. ;
forward stokehole, 70 deg. to 68 deg. ; after do., 73
deg. to 75 deg. The engines and boilers worked
most satisfactorily, and the diagrams on the indi-
cator cards were above the average. The engines
are constructed on the ordinary oscillating principle,
the cylinders having a diameter of 61in. and a 4ft.
6in. length of stroke. The paddlewheels have an
outer diameter of 20ft., 6in., and 17ft. from the
centre of motion. They are fitted with the fea-
thering floats. Messrs. Ravenhill and Salkeld are
the makers of the ship's machinery. The indi-
cated horse-power developed by the ship's engines
was 1,385, or nearly six times their nominal power.
Notwithstanding the smoothness of the water and
the absence of wind, the Salamis carried a rather
large furrow of a wave on each bow, but this
was very considerably less in volume than was ex-
hibited by the Enchantress or Psyche on their trials,
or by the Royal yacht Alberta.
The screw frigate Bristol, 39, 600-horse power,
fitting for the first division of the Chatham Steam
Reserve, is ordered to have her armament altered by
the substitution of four 110-pounder rifled Arm-
strongs, in lieu of eight of the 40-pounder Arm-
strongs. Instructions have likewise been received
at Chatham for the armament of the Undaunted,
Newcastle, Forte, Arethusa, Phaeton, and Eurotas
to be altered in the same manner.
The Challenger, 22,1,462 tons, 400 horsepower, re-
cently paid off into the 3d division of the Chatham
Steam Reserve, after being in commission four years,
is again being brought forward for commission, and
has been placed in No. 3 dock at Sheerness, where
the work of preparing her for sea is being carried
forward as rapidly as possible. The repairs to the
engines and machinery are ordered to take prece-
dence of those of the other vessels. It is reported
that this fine corvette is again intended for service
with the North American and West India squadron,
the Admiralty being in favour of employing vessels
of this class for that station as being more healthy,
and at the same time more economical, than any
otheb. The Challenger is fitted with a spar deck,
which is a great improvement to the corvette class
of ships.
The sailing ship Nile, Commander Owens (one of
Messrs. Green's fleet of Indiamen), the arrival of
which in the Channel from India with dates from
Calcutta we reported on Thursday, arrived at Ports-
mouth next morning with the left wing of the 52d
Regiment on board, consisting of Major Crosse, in
command ; Captains Keyworth and Parry ; Lieu-
tenants Wingfield (and Mrs. Wingfield), Mickel-
burgh, and Barwell ; Ensigns Blakeney, Scott, and
Adams ; Assist.-Surg. Goharty, 243 men, 11
women, and 28 children. The Nile was towed into
Portsmouth harbour on Friday afternoon, and im-
mediately afterwards the troops were landed at the
dockyard and marched into the Cambridge-barracks,
Portsmouth, to join the headquarters. The disem-
barcation of the troops was effected in one hour and
a half from the time the ship entered the harbour,
at the end Of which time she had sailed again for
London.

On the 11th ult. a seaman fell from the mainyard
of her Majesty's ship Shannon. The vessel was
going at the time ten knots an hour, with a heavy
sea running. A boat was instantly lowered, man-
ned by volunteers, under the command of Lieut.
Law. The tackle unfortunately fouling she was
stove against the ship's quarter. The crew were,
however, saved by lines promptly thrown to
them. Lieut. Law was the last to leave the
sinking boat. While hanging to a rope he sustained
a severe fracture of the leg by the damaged craft
being hurled against the ship's side by the sea,
and crushing him between the two. He was ulti-

mately rescued from his perilous position by two
men who at great risk to themselves hauled him in
at a porthole. The sailor who fell overboard in the
first instance, notwithstanding further efforts made
for his recovery, was drowned. Lieut. Law, who is
a nephew of the Earlof Ellenborough, is progressing
favourably at Portsmouth.
The following appointments have been made at
the Admiralty :—Lieut. Lawrence A. Bell, to the
Rattlesnake ; henry B. Long, midshipman, to the
Achilles ; Silas 11. Liddell, second master, to the
Dasher ; John Kimber, acting second-class assist.-

engineer, to the Asia ; Rear-Admiral C. Frederick,
to be senior officer at Cork, vice Sir L. Jones,
whose period of service has expired ; Captain
I'. Miller, to the Royal George, vice De Courcy,
whose period of service has expired ; Commander
G. L. Norcock, to the Hibernia, vice Hervey, whose
period of service has expired ; Lieut. C. D. Inglis,
to the Hastings, to be Flag Liieut. to Rear Admiral
Frederick ; Lieut. Francis Stirling, Lieut. Henry J.
Carr, Lieut. John R. T. Fullerton, Lieut. Henry E.
Mandeville, and Lieut. H. Hamond to the Nar-
cissus ; Frank Inglis, master, to the Cumberland,
for the Minotaur ; James H. G. Brown, paymaster,
to be secretary to Rear Admiral Frederick ; William
F. Barry, master's-assist., to the Hector ; Goo. F.
Clark, master's-assist., to the Rattlesnake Henry
A. Eastber and John C. Houghton, masters'-assists.,
to the Edgar ; Henry E. Weaver and J. W. Bar-

nard, masters'-assists., to the Dasher; J. Sanders,
chief engineer, to the Cumberland, for the Minotaur ;

J. Hopwood, first-class assist.-engineer, to the Cum-
berland, for the Minotaur ; Thomas Vickery, Jas.
M‘Millan, and Alexander Dewar, promoted to
first-class engineers ; Edward J. 0. Lanham,

acting second-class assist.-engineer, to the Asia ;
Capt. C. A. Campbell, to the Narcissus, commis-
sioned ; James S. Watts, master, to the Narcissus ;

Sub-Lieut. Arthur S. Phillpotts, Sub-Lieut. James
B. Haye, and Sub-Lieut. Arthur G. Fullerton, to
the Narcissus ; the Rev. T. E. Gutteres, to be chap-
lain and naval instructor to the Narcissus ; Thomas
S. Hoghton, Francis H. N. Harvey, Henry P. T.
Skinner, Edmund S. Poe, Charles V. Strange, Henry
C. Bierge Richard G. Day, Charles E. Morison,

Arthur Forlonger, Francis E. Ramsden, Charles C
Drury, Charles G. Prater, and Frederick A,

Blackett, midshipmen, to the Narcissus ; Charles A.
Stephenson, Digby J. H. Hamilton, George F.
Hall, Thomas Mac Gill, and James N. Hill, naval
cadets, to the Narcissus ; James D. Gilpin, pay-
master, to the Narcissus ; Charles S. Marsh, assist.-

paymaster, to the Lion ; John S. Andrdws and
_ __

Arthur Hodson, assist.-paymasters, to the Nar-
cissus ; Charles Heyward, Thomas M. Moffat, and
Edward Leah, master's assistants, to the Narcissus ;
John W. Bown, master's assistant, to the Geyser ;
and Francis H. Trollopo, assist.-clerk, to the Nar-
cissus.

THE VOLUNTEERS.

THE EASTER hIOND NY REVIEW.

On Saturday Colonel Erskine, inspector-general
of volunteers, the authorities of the War-office, and
those of the Brighton Railway Company and Cor-
poration finally completed their arrangements for
the forthcoming Easter Monday volunteer review on
Brighton Downs.
It has been determined that the chief command
at the review shall be given to Major-General Sir
R. Walpole, K.C.8., commandant at Chatham,
who will be assisted by an efficient staff, including
the new volunteer inspector-general. The brigadiers
on the occasion are to be distinguished by a crimson
sash, and will be chosen from the following com-
manding officers, viz.—The Duke of Wellington,
Viscount Ranelagh, Lord Itadstock, Lord Elcho,
Lieutenant-Colonel T. E. Biggo, Viscount Bury,
Earl Grosvenor, Lieut.-Colonel J. 11. Macdonald,
Lieut.-Colonel W. B. Barttelot, Lieut.-Colonel G.
E. Thorold, Lieut.-Colonel E. D'imsmore, and
Lieut.-Colonel J. S. Walker.

The railway arrangements will be entirely under
the command of Lieut.-Col. G. Hawkins, the traffic
manager of the London, Brighton, and South Coast
Railway, assisted by other members of tin) Railway
Officers' Corps, who have been invited to join him,
should any necessity arise. The arrangements for
the departure of the troops from the London-bridge
and Victoria stations will be most effective, and the
shed placed at the disposal of the volunteers on
their arrival in case of wet weather will be sufficient
to accommodate several thousands►. For arrival
departure the large amount of space :at the disposal
of the company at Brighton, and -the number of
lines of rail they have at their terminus, will enable
each train to draw up at its own particular siding
or platform, without interfering wiithany other, and
thus facilitate the movements of th 0 volunteers, and
on the return journey to London in the evening

enable the officials to dthpatch the volunteer trains
without the slightoat risk of danger, at intervals of
ten minutes. On reaching Brighton in the morning
it is arranged that the volunteers shall pass out by
the private gate of the railway terminus on its
western side, and march along the Montpelier-road
to the Level, the Steyne, the Pavilion Gardens, and
the other enclosures, to be appropriated to their use
for brigading purposes, prior to the firing of the
signal gun for the march to the race hill to com-
mence, which will be via the Marine Parade and
Kemp Town.

The general railway arrangements with regard to
the conveyance of volunteers were also issued by
Frederick Slight, the secretary, on Saturday, and
they state that no application for tickets will be
attended to except on a form supplied by the War-
office, together with the Secretary of State's per-
mission to attend the review, and none will be
supplied under any pretence after twelve at noon on
Thursday, the 13th of April. Tickets supplied to
commanding officers, and not required, must be re-
turned not later than two p.m. on Saturday, the
15th of April, and all tickets must then be paid for.
Tickets will be issued for volunteers to go down by
specified trains on the Thursday, Friday, Saturday,
and Sunday preceding the review, and are available
till Tuesday, the 17th of April, but those who desire
these privilages must apply for special tickets, as the
tickets issued for Easter Monday will not be avail-
able for any other day ; and no tickets will be avail-
able except fora volunteer in uniform, and bearing
his arms. The fares to Brighton and back on any
of the days will be is. 6d. Guns are to be received
at the goods depot, Willow-walk, Bermondsey, on
any day from Monday, the 10th, Thursday, the
the 13th of April, up to 6 p.m., and also on Satur-
day, the 15th of April, up to one p.m., after which
no guns will be received for conveyance. Officers'
horses can be sent down by any of the ordinary
trains between Thursday, the 13th, and Sunday,
the 16th of April, but those on the morning of the
review can only go from Victoria station at 4.30
a.m.

NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION.—A circular
has just been issued, bearing the signature of
Captain Mildmay, stating in detail the arrangements
for the Queen's Prize at the next Wimbledon meet-
ing, and giving the forms which are to be filled up
at the volunteer head-quarters. The principal pro-
visions are, that on the issue of new rifles to the
competitors for the first stage those previously held
shall be immediately returned into store. All the
new rifles issued will bear a distinctive mark, by
which they can be easily identified. The military
storekeepers at seventeen stations in England, three
in Wales, and funs in Scotland will issue out, after
April 20, 200 rounds of ammunition to each man
selected by his corps as a representative in the com-
petition, at the rate of 4s. 4id. per 100 rounds—
this ammunition to be used for previous practice at
the local ranges. When detached companies do not
send competitors the number to which they are en-
titled may be filled up from other companies of the
same battalion.

LONDON IRISH VOLUNTEERS.—On Saturday a
large number of the above corps assembled at
Somerset House, under the command of Captain
Daubeney, for the purpose of honouring the memory
of Colonel Verner, who died on the 25th ult., uni-
versally regretted by the whole corps. The mem-
bers of the corps, who as a matter of course wore
crape, mustered on the quadrangle about 5.30, and
were under arms whilst the band, conducted by Mr.
Cowen, played in a very effective manner, " The
Dead March in Saul." A large number of specta-
tors assembled, and showed marked respect on the
occasion.

The Lock-ont in the Iron Trade.

BILSTO:si, Saturday.

At a largo meeting of puddlers and ironworkers hold here
yesterday, at which Mr. Samuel Griffiths delivered a long
address, the following resolutions wero passed unanimously
by the puddlers and ironworkers present :
" That the puddlers and millmon of South Staffordshire
have willingly consented to and acted upon the masters' re-
solution of the 22d of December, declaring a reduction in
puddlers' wages of 18. per ton, and millmen's wages 10 per
cent. That the puddlers consented to this reduction mainly
on the ground of the depressed state of the iron trade, which
entailed a reduction in the value of iron. That this meeting
regrets that the North Staffordshire puddlers have not fol-
lowed their example ; but having no power over the North
Staffordshire men to compel the latter to submit to the drop,
this meeting most respectfully, but, at the same time, ener-
getically disavows and protests against the assumption that
they, the puddlers of South Staffordshire, aro responsible for
the conduct of the men in the North. This meeting further
affirms the sentiment that it is hard for the masters to close
the labour market in South Staffordshire on account of ob-
jectionable proceedings on the part of the men in North
Staffordshire, with which they have nothing to do and over
which they have not the slightest control.
"That this meeting, believing the present strike in North
Staffordshire to be the cause of the misery and privation
which exists in the Black Country, honourably and honestly
pledges itself not to subscribe money to the North Stafford-
shire mon as long as they continue this strike, provided
that the ironmasters of South Staffordshire open the doors
for the men of the Black Country to resume their work at
the drop of the 22d of December, next Tuesday morning.
" That as this mooting disavows all connexion with the
North Staffordshire strike, we respectfully ask the masters
to relieve us from the sad consequences of it, and, in full
reliance on the justice and equity which we believe will pre-
vail in the counsels of the Ironmasters' Association, shall
present ourselves in a kind and workmanlike spirit at the
various works in the district, with the view of renewing
our labours in connection with our old masters next Tuesday
morning ; and our fervent desire is that masters and men
may be more united, both pulling together for theprospority
of the trade in our own particular district, which will no
doubt be advantageous to masters and men alike."
WOLVERHAMPTON, Saturday.
When the ironmasters met the Earl of Lichfield at Staf-
ford yesterday the masters of the North of Staffordshire at
first displayed some little reluctance to consent to the inter-
position of a third party in the fixing of the rate of wages
to bo paid. They were reluctant at first to establish a
precedent for allowing an arbitrator ; but they were so de-
sirous that Lord Lichfield's efforts to bring about a settle-
ment should bo successful that they consented to sign the
document which had been drawn up by the clerk of the
peace for Staffordshire, in which they agreed to "submit the
matters in dispute to arbitration,", and,
.subject to the deci-
sion of the arbitrators, to pay their puddlers who might
have returned to work 40s. per week as a draw on account,
and any additional sum which the arbitrators might award.
Moreover, the South Staffordshire and the Derbyshire
masters (the latter of whom wero represented by Mr. J. G.
N. Alloyne, the manager of the Butterley Company's
Works) voluntarily agreed on their part that if the North
Staffordshire men would become parties to the schedule
which their masters had signed, they would open their
works on the following Monday morning. Lord Lichfield
expressed very much gratification at this offer on the part
of the South Staffordshire and the Derbyshire masters.
Upon mooting the men Lord Lichfield enlarged upon the
fairness of the terms to which they wore asked to consent,
and dwelt upon the damaging effect in the minds of tho
public which a refusal of them would produce. All his
Lordship's efforts to induce the men to accept the con-
ditions offered to them wore, however, in vain. Matters
will bo allowed to rcmaain in their present condition
until Wednesday next, when the ironmasters' committee
will again assemble in this town. Influential members of
the trade conceive that the course which the masters in
the North of England have taken has left it less incumbent
upon the masters in South Staffordshire to continuo the
lock-out. But these views aro not entertained by the majo-
rity of tho committee, or by many of the leading. firms not
represented in it. Tho wages demanded, it is impossible
the masters say, can be paid without ruin to tho trade. So
depressed is the market that agents in New York of South
Staffordshire ironmaking firms wrote by the last mail that
it would bo useless to offer British iron in America unless
quite £1 a ton below present quotations could be accepted
for it.

SILEFFIELD, Saturday.

Tho Sheffield ironmasters have determined to accept the
terms of settlement of tho lookout arranged between the
northern masters and their men 10.0. Monday. The secretary
of the northern ironmastors has oi7lcially communicated
those terms to the Sheffield masters, anu7 they have to-day
given notice that their works will be reopOned on Monday
on the same terms. There is thus an end of t:".10 lockout so
far as this town and district are concerned. The Sheffield
ironworkers belong to the Gateshead branch of the Na-
tional Association, and were therefore bound by the terms
agreed upon by their executive. Apart from that, they
approved them, having offered in the first instance to enter
into an agreement to withhold all support from the North
Staffordshire men. The largo iron-houses at Rotherham
who declined to lock out their men havo largely profited
by the state of the trade in other districts.

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