The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-05 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, - FRIDAY EVENING, SE PT.. 5, IS&2

of Maryland or little Delaware? Already in pos-
session of the two last, the North made a vigorous
effort this sprin g to secure the other great border
States. They fought fiercely and well for them.
Their gunboats were every where their strength.
They opened the way to victories, and saved the
Federal arms when hard pressed ; and the rivers,
on which, for commercial reasons, the towns had
been placed, facilitated their capture. By the
termination of spring, with the exception of the
eastern part of Tennessee, the great border states,
West of Virginia, appeared to be entirely in
Federal hands.

Accouuts are somewhat conflicting as to the
battles in these States; but it seems plain that
the mere fact, that the Confederates are raising their
heads there again at all, is in their favour. In the
early part of the year they lost every battle and
every stronghold. They at least, now, so harass
the Union troops that the latter are frequently de-
feated. By the Scotia, just arrived, we learn that
the Federals have sustained a defeat in Tennessee,
which compelled them to fall back on its capital.
The mention of this incident seems to make clear
the interpretation of the otherwise somewhat con-
tradictory telegrams. In the important State of
Missouri also we find the Confederate Generals
somehow got back again. And though the Union
General ROSENCRANTZ is stated to have double the
number of men, the result of the battles soon
to be fought there, will be the only safe
test of the truth or falsity of the Federal
accounts. All attempts of the Federals to establish
themselves in Arkansas, the next State to Missouri
southwards, have quite failed ; and though the
number of slaves in Missouri itself is small, it seems
as if it woald be no easy task to retain it for the
Union. On the whole, JEFFERSON DAVIS is en-
titled to adopt the language which our readers
probably notice, yesterday, and, though without
boasting, to speak of their armies as not having
faltered in the trials to which they have been ex-
posed, as having foiled the enemy, and as affording
a reasonable hope of their final success. We only
wonder, indeed, for DAvis is an American, at the
moderation of his language.

Both parties are, however, bracing themselves
for yet another severe contest. At last the North
seems likely to get a new army. It will be, in-
deed, at an enormous cost. The 300,000 volun-
teers, whom the fears of conscription have
driven to enlist—what with the Government
bounty, the bounties offered' by the several states,
and the subscriptions of individuals,—are computed
to have received, on an average, not less than £5O
each as bounty ! This will make the cost of the
whole levy amount to fifteen millions sterling for
enlisting bounty atone ! Such an army ought to
achieve something, if its services are to be measured
by its cost. But will they be ? Will these mercena-
ries be better than so many conscripts ? We know
no reason why they should be. Alen who have
waited for such enormous bribes, and waited like
the prudent voters at our contested elections, till
the fear of losing all, alone induced them to act, can
hardly be the most patriotic of soldiers. The PRE-
SIDENT, however, resolved to have the conscription
in addition, so that he will ultimately have six
hundred thousand additional men with which to
renew the contest in the late autumn and spring.
Mr. DAVIS, on his side, appears not to shrink
from meeting these imposing levies. He has found
the South competent to hold at bay the first
700,000, and he does not appear to dread meeting
the new army. We do not know why he should.
We all thought, at first, that the North must crush
the South by the overwhelming greater means at
its disposal, and by an army which appeared to be
intended to proclaim that all resistance was hope-
less. We expected to see the South almost swal-
lowed up b 3 its more populous and wealthy
neighbour. The result has so falsified all anti-
cipations, both in the Northern States and in this
country, that the expectation is now all the other
way. We look upon the South as capab!e of de-
fence, and even of victory, under the greatest diffi-
culties. It will create no surprise now to find that,
in another campaign, the South has both vindicated
its independence and pushed the North unusually
hard. It may indeed be exhausted ; the difficulty of
manufacturing its awn military stores, having never
been accustomed to do it, and of providing itself
with almost all those necessaries of civilised exist-
ence which it had always procured from the
North, may at last press so severely, that general
discouragement may compel them to give in. Yet
all we can learn appears to show the opposite spirit.
To be a poor man for one's country is only second to
dying for it. Vanity will boast of threadbare
coats, mended gowns, and cobbled shoes. To be
clothed in what must have come via New York
will, unless it be supposed to be smuggled through
the blockade, be looked on rather as a dishonour
than otherwise.

But the real strength of the South and the weak-
ness of the North is the agreement of both on the
slave question. On this point, indeed, Mr. DAVIS
shows his fear by his unmeasured language. No-
thing evidently terrifies him so much as the thought
of having to face negro regiments. He well knows
that if they were created, the South might as well
give in at once. Hence the descriptian of the em-
ployment of coloured men by the North, as soldiers,
as a crime, to be met by measures of retaliation, such
as shooting or selling the privates and hanging
their officers ! He needs fear but little, however, on
that score. The North hates the negro race too much
to be indebted to it for success. The few gene-
rals and governors who take the other view
have been unable to contend with the tide. There
will not only be no negro regiments, but even the
two Governors of States where coloured men are
citizens, and who have, therefore, declared their
intention to treat them as such in balloting for the
Militia, will find these coloured recruits returned
as not eligible. In fact, the ungenerous aversion
of the North to the African race will prove, we
fully believe, the cause of its defeat. A telegram,
indeed, to-day reports Mr. LINCOLN as declaring
himself so "emphatically for Union"—that he
would retain or destroy slavery, wholly, or in part,
if Union could be obtained by either means." But
Mr. LINCOLN will never think it necessary. He
will
always be afraid of making reunion with
slavery
impossible. His object all along has
been to restore the Constitution as it
was—that is,
as a Slavery Constitution. He
has always impressed on the Border States,
as well as on the South generally, that his policy
was to reconstruct a great slave republic, in which
its Federal Government should give every reason-
able guarantee for non-interference with slavery.
The which he differed from the South
has been, that he would not allow the introduction
of slavery
into new states, so that all increase of the
Republic should be the increase of liberty not of
slavery: And to the present time he sticks to this
only point on
fights for it. Give him his main point
no
of the area of slavery, and he
card. He
Ting to let the original seven
would
almost
Im extension
os
states form an insignificant republic by themselves.
This, ho what the South wants. It
however is not
desires to with its loathsome in-
stitution, curse soil, yet free,
t be WI
In this senseof the stt
slavery is at the bottom
The North B+.• e
emigrant th
Warta free soil for its
and to carry the Border States with it.

South wants slave soil. The North could va'aquish
the South in a campaign if it declared all the: South
free soil, and enlisted its negroes. The South suc-
cessfully resists, because those negroes do its work
and allow its white population to fight.

Yesterday the ball was still kept up with won-
derful spirit by poor, gay, suffering, and rejoic-
ing Preston. Torrents of rain failed, it would
seem, to keep the holiday-makers within doors.
Forth they marched, at a smart pace, through the
rain, under the cover of crowds of umbrellas—as
TOM MooRE has it in his whimsical " Diary," like
so many " mad mushrooms"—thousands upon thou-
sands of the members of the various Friendly
Societies (we now have their names) the Ancient
Order of Foresters, the United Order of Free Gar-
deners, the Independent Order of Mechanics, the
Loyal Order of Shepherds, the Order of Druids,
the Catholic Brethren, the United Order of Odd
Fellows, and the Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows.
Most of them, by the way, having a
certain right, one might be disposed to argue,'
to that last designation. Particularly when one
knows that the members of one society--namely,
that of the Free Gardeners " were headed (in this
wet procession) by a lorry, on which a couple re-
presenting Adam and Eve stood hand in hand
under a tree loaded with apples, and immediately
behind, as if to give a key to the tableau, which
probably would not have been intelligible without
it, came a painting of our first parents in the
Garden of Eden." 'While "at another point
two of the Loyal Shepherds, dressed in sheep-
skin and carrying crooks, pranced along on horse-
back :" these being " followed at no great dis-
tance by one of the Druids, admirably made up,
apparently, for the part of ' Merlin.' " Now that
these fantastic festivities are all over, we may
hope that fresh efforts will be made in more than
ever serious earnest to deal with the surrounding
distress and destitution, Otherwise the remem-
brance of those wild merry-makings yonder in the
very midst of all that dreadful Cotton Famine will
be for Preston like the remorseful recollection of a
strange and heartless Saturnalia.

LAT ES r NEWS.

AMERICA.

(Per Scotia, via Roche's Point.)
NEW YORK, AUG. 26 (Evening).

Active skirmishing and fighting, with varied suc-
cess to both sides, continues in Kentucky, Ten-
nessee, Arkansas, and Missouri.
The Confederate Genezal Morgan has defeated
800 Federal troops, under General Johnson, near
Galatin, capturing 300 prisoners, including Johnson
himself. The remainder of the Federals retreated
to Nashville.

The Federal General Rosecranz has proceeded
with 30,000 men towards Juntown, Missouri, to
attack 15,000 Confederates, under General Arm-
strong. General Price is expected to make a junc-
tion with Armstrong, when it is believed an engage-
ment with Rosecranz will take place.
The progress of recruiting in the North is favour-
able. The enlistments still increase.

Mr. Charles Ingersall, a prominent Pennsylvanian
Democrat, has been arrested for making a speech
at a Democratic meeting in Philadelphia, in which
he declared that the North was no more ad-
vanced in the conquest of the South than at the
beginning of the war, and denouncing President
Lincoln's Administration as the most corrupt that
ever came into power.

President Lincoln has replied to Mr. Horace
Greely's recent letter to him. He says that he is
emphatically for union, and that he would retain or
destroy slavery wholly or in part, if Union could be
obtained by either means.
Another war meeting has been ,called in New
York for to-morrow.

The first colonisation party of negroes will leave
for Central America, under Government auspices in
October next.

The Ariel, from Aspinwall, with over 1,000,000
dols. in specie, has arrived at New York.
The Sonora, with 1,500,000 dols in specie, sailed
from San Francisco on the 21st.

The prize steamers Emily and Ladona have been
condemned in Philadelphia.
The steamer Ironsides has made a successful trial

trip.