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THE S701?1 OF THE LEASE OP

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LITER,ITURE.

pices, and heard on the winds that :rushed down
smiling valleys, came the same despairing strain,
Great Pan is dead!' The ocean, as he ran his
waves hoarsely in the rude shore and into the
resounding caverns took up the universal cry,
• Blush, 0. Zidon, saith the sea,' was formerly the
exhortation, when vile rites polluted and human
sacrifices terrified the Syrian shore ' • but now, as
the coming tide sent in her white breakers and
boomed !over the coral ledges of Hawaii, the tri-
umphant song 'which mingled with the roar of
waters had the same burthen,--‘ Great Pan is
dead !" But although paganism was thus aban-
doned, the Christian religion did not immediately
supply its place. The people indulged for a season
in infidelity, till the missionaries effected a change,
and large numbers of the people were in a certain
sense, converted. Since then the chief events
of 'Moment that have taken place in these
islands have been of a political character.
Thus the King, in 1840, voluntarily conferred on
the people a constitution, and the independence of
the kingdom has been guaranteed by the principal
European Powers. The present monarch, Kame-
hameha the Fourth, seems a patriotic sovereign,
whose whole thought is bow to benefit his subjects,
but it is greatly to be feared that his successors
will have none left to govern. The Polynesians
seem a doomed race. The inhabitants of these
islands have diminished to one-third of what they
were in Captain Cook's time, and the destroying
agencies are still at work. Of their nature Mr.
Hopkins gives some indications, and he expatiates
at considerable length on the 'intrigues of the
various missionaries who have settled here, and the
results produced by their teaching. In, fact, the
account of all connected with these islands is as
complete as could is desired. The matter is ex-
ceedingly well arranged, the style is easy and fluent,
and the book is entertaining as a novel whilst
being instructive ae a history.

MONTAGU-HOUSE.

The Sandwich Islands. By Manby Hopkins,
Longman and Co.
This work, by the Hawaiian consul-general,
gives an extremely interesting account of that
group of small islands, more specks in the map of
the world, one of which is notorious as having been
the place at which Captain Cook was killed. Since
then their progress in civilisation has been rapid.
They have adopted European customs and clothes;
have learned to read, write, and cast accounts; pos-
sess a constitutional government, a free press, and
an agricultural society ; have accredited agents
at the European Courts ; and rank among the
kingdoms of the earth. It is this transition from a
simple to a sophisticated state that Mr. Hopkins
has set himself to chronicle, and the ability with
which he has performed his task will be widely re-
cognised. "The importance of the Sandwich
islands," he says, " politically and commercially,
arises from their particularly central situation.
They lie in a diagonal position from south-east to
north-west, in a parallelogram rather exceeding one
formed by the 19th and 22d degrees of north lati-
tude, and the 155th and 160th meridians of west
longitude; and it will be seen, by reference to a
map, that the group is nearly equidistant from the
coasts of America and Japan, and that a radius
from its centre would touch in succession the shores
of Central America, the North-West States, the
Russian territory, the Aleutian Archipelago, Japan,
the Phillippine Islands, Torres Straits, New Zealand,
and the Feejee Islands. And whilst Australia is
just beyond the ambit, California and Vancouver's
Island are within a shorter distance of the Ha-
waiian Islands." Their origin is volcanic, though
the ceaseless labour of _thetcoral insect has tended
-to increase their size or to produce reefs at greater
or less distance from the shore. They have no
metals, but possess dense forests, rich valleys, and
many rivers, whilst on the pasture lands large
herds and numbers of horses are raised, many of the
latter being in a half wild:state. The climate is tem-
perate and equable; there are no noxious• reptiles,
but insects and vermin have entered with civilisation.
The people are strong, well-made, and highly cou-
rageous. "Kamehameha I. would allow six of his
warriors to throw their spears at him, himself armed
only with one of the javelins, with which he would
turn aside the flying weapons, each ready to let out
his life-blood." They are daring swimmers and bold
riders, do not hesitate to attack the shark, and
will "plunge down the waterfall into the ocean
when the leap is forty feet and upwards in height."
The seenery is thus described :
" On approaching the group from certain directions the
the first objects which meet the sight are the two lofty
peaks on Hawaii, each 14,000 feet in height—two miles
and a half—one of them capped with perpetual snow, which
contrasts with the deep blue the tropical sky above, and
with the darkness of the lava forming the sides of the
mountains. A rude and irregtlar outline of high lands then
presents itself ; and on the north side are seen, on a
nearer view, the dark forests vhich clothe the lower region
of the mountains ; whilst gidcy precipices front the sea, of
from 1,000 to 3,000 feet in ?erpendicular height, against
whose walls the waves beat, aid surge, and thunder through
the caverns which they have hollowed 'for themselves in
their ceaseless war. In some places, streams, which have
'United their waters on their way, rash together over one of
those palls, or precipices, into the ocean. Still nearer, the
white foam is seen pouring in sheets,over coral reefs, of
which there is sometimes an outer and inner ridge. The
islands are generally lofty ; the small'. isle of Lehua, near
Niihua, having an elevation cf 1,000. feet. The upland
region of Mimi las an uniform height above the sea of
4,000 feet. Once through the reefs, r anchored in a lee-
ward roadstead, Scenes of gentler beaity are disccivered—
pleasant bays, with sandy shores, a native village often,with
its small chapel, and generally with its scb.ool, sheltered
by groves of palm and cocoa-nut, and the ,Eleeper'green of
the bread-fruit.tfee; rivers running down to<the sea, down
some of whose cascades the native girls and youths cast
themselves with laughter, and take a bath; which must
exceed any
-douche ever experienced at the severest of sour
water-cure establishments. At the mountain foot grassy
plains meet the forest, roamed over by herds• of cattle,,
which," in many' instances, have become v Coffee
plantations and sugar-cane give their verdure to the culti-
vated districts."
Theyolcanic features are very remarkable. The
crater of Kilanca is the largest active one in the
world, the-circumference of the orifice being esti-
mated at from six to nine miles, and its depth at 400
to 1,000 feet. In this pleasant place was supposed
to dwell, in heathen times, the Goddess Pele, who
with attendant divinities of equally unaccountable
tastes, bathed and sported in fire and sulphur.
Eruptions sometimes take place on a scale of terrific
grandeur. "If," says an eye witness, on some moun-
tain with% the largest fire that ever .siestssaitea St;
Francisco could be reproduced, and four or five
hundred domes, like that of St. Peter's at Rome,
when illuminated, be dotted about on the slopes be-
low, the general effect might be that of a very pretty
miniature on ivory of the eruption on Mauna Loa.'"
The capital of the islands is Honolulu, a city of
about 12,000 inhabitants, remarkable for being
built without a single chimney. In other re-
spects it appears to have quite a European
character, " people of all nations are meeting
in the wide streets; English, American, French,
German, Chinese, South Polynesians, are repre-
sented here ; busy with commerce, with politics,
with dinner at the very excellent hotels, or, in
that rest-inviting climate, busy doing nothing."
The presant King Kamehameha the Third is a
very intelligent and enlightened sovereign, who has
travelled in Europe and America, and has turned
his experience to good account. " On a small scale,"
said he to Mr. Hill, " I am endeavouring
to do with the blessing of God, what Peter the Great
of Russia, did on a large :scale "—a remarkable
sentiment for the King of the Sandwich Islands to
utter. Although the Islands had been undoubtedly
touched at before Captain Cook's arrival, he was
the first to discover them, in the common sense of
the term, and the fact of his having been killed at
Hawaii, has indissolubly connected his name with
them. This renowned navigator seems to be no
great favourite with Mr. napkins, and the version
he gives of the intercourse between the English and
natives, and the cause of the conflict does not
wholly redound to the credit of the former. Their
arrival created great astonishment. "The appear-
ance and get up the 'British Seaman' of that day
was a peculiar one ; it was especially wonderful in
the eyes of the Kamaka (native). The cocked hat
adhereing to the head, was to them identified strictly
with the wearer, so that the spies who went to ex-
amine the ships described the people on board as
having heads horned like the moon.' They had
fires burning in their mouths,—no doubt cigars;
they ate the raw flesh of men; this was the red,
juicy watermelon brought from Monterey ; they
took, like Peter Schlemmit, anything they wanted
out of their bodies,—such was the first impression
of pockets on the native mind ; and what was more
laughable than all (for the Hawaiians are essenti-
ally a risible people), was the utterly unintelligible
gibberish the strangers spoke. All these circum-
stances, together with the firing of some
guns, made the natives conclude that their
visitors were gods." They thought, in fact, that
Tono, the Hawaiian Hercules, who, having killed
his wife through jealousy, had become frantic, and
turned wanderer, had returned, as he had promised,
" on an island bearing cocoa-nut trees, swine, and
dogs." They, therefore, at first, paid Captain Cook
divine honours, which he seems, by this account, to
have unhesitatingly accepted; but misunderstand-
ings gradually arose; the islanders lost faith in the
divinity of their visitors, and the tragedy of Keala-
keagua Bay was the unlucky result. The most re-
markable native who has appeared in these islands
is Kamehameha the First, styled by Mr, Hopkins
the Bonaparte of the Pacific, and who " had the
unusual advantage of having two fathers. He was
at once reputed to be the son of Keona, brother of
the King Kalaniopun (Cook's Tereobu), and he was
equally claimed as the offspring of Kahikili, King
of Mani, As he received inheritances from both
claimants to his paternity, he could scarcely object
to an arrangement which in many cases might be
felt embarrassing." This chieftain signalised him-
self by conquering all the neighbouring islands, and
his administrative talent seems to have been of a
high order. Still he remained an idolator to the
last, as the arguments of the missionaries were not
sufficiently convincing to induce him to change his
creed. He seems to have been a practical man of a
humorous turn, for, " at the conclusion of a highly-
coloured appeal about the power of faith," he
pressed on them the crucial test of throwing them-
selves, in faith, from the top of a neighbouring pre-
cipice, his belief to be dependent on their safe ar-
rival at the bottom of it." So deep was the grief at
this great king's death that one of his chiefs pro-
posed, as the right way of testifying it, that they
should eat the corpse raw, but as the majority de-
murred, probably thinking it would be disrespectful,
the deign was abandoned and the king's remains
were " tied up in a bundle of tape and put safely
away." So safely indeed that they could never be
found after. The national religion now began to
decay, the people lost faith in their idols, the high
priest led the van, and at length, strange to say,
they burnt and destroyed them all. "Then," the
writer eloquently says,
" to fancy's ear, came moan-
ing along the rocky shores, murmuring in the
passionate mountain torrents, and sighing in the
winds, the melancholy wail, ? Great Pan is dead .'
through the old primeval forests clothing the
flanks of the volcanoes, echoing from dread. preci-

THE FRENCH IN MEXICO.

A letter from Mexico, dated May 28, says:---The
Government have published a decree, "by which
persons promulgating false reports are to be ad-
judged conspirators and punished accordingly." By
false reports are meant roports unfavourable to the
80-called Constitutional cause. Several respectable
Ctfehrwautz
, theyb ut
asptreiaodtpi
this
ehgihst ahhvaaets
Zaragozale
so ra already beenmehas
dthe
m
ethrownrest
tes
with
ofiatnhtseoe prisonvpeorpe uclh for
stating
population
ieok,
nr
statues.
luffer so.
ni Somever
n is nature's first law," and do not seem at all
disposed to favour us with the details of what has
taken place in the neighbourhood of Orizaba. Vera
have
passengers
theyave become
arrived
wisely
the
d uin
tbtilheaar asst
The correspondence by the French" steamer has
been stopped, and as no letters have been received
from Vera Cruz for upwards of three weeks we re-
main here very much in the dark. Notwithstanding
all these precautions the truth will ooze out, and
although I cannot furnish you with heart-stirring
accounts of battles won and lost, I think the follow-
ing will prove, although a short, still a tolerably
accurate statement of what has taken place since
the date of my last.
After the attack on the Cerro de Guadalupe, the
French general,finding Zaragoza in greater strength
than he expected, deemed it imprudent, with the
small force he had at his command-(not" in-ore Ville
5,000 men), to ciiittinue 14
and he therefore c onineneed a ietitat tiirott Alia%
this retreat, or more properly countainulici, ap-
pears to have been conducted4ti a Most Jeisarely
manner, for on the 18th he was still, at the Cambres
de Acultzingo, having taken 12 days toperform. a
distance of some leagues.. Zaragoza, with about
11,000-men, followed in the same direction, or as
the Government say, in pursuit, and there 'is a
report that Caravtijal, in' command of the Meiican'
cavalry, got very severely handled on the morning
of the 14th, and lost some 300 menin:an attack he
made on the rearguard of the French. OuthalBth
'Marquez, with, about 2,000 men, was endeavouring
to form a junction with Lorencea
,when he was
attacked by a large body ofZaragoza's troops under
General Tapia. The Preach, who had already in'
part descended -the Cunibres, hearing the firing,
countermarched, and taking possession of a small
eminence which commanded the entrance of the
Barranca Seca„a small valley in
,whieh the fight
was taking place, fell with tremendous effect upon
the forces of Tapiap which are said to have been.
almost annihilated.

(From the London Review.)

It is more than probable that the report of the Thames
Embankment Committee will give rise to much animated
discussion both in and out of Parliament. We are just now
dealing with but a small instalment of a grand scheme
which, sooner :or later, will certainly be carried out, and
which will substitute wide public quays, such as adorn the
Seine in Paris and the Arno in Florence, for the mean and
ruinous sheds and foul mud-banks at present degrading and
contaminating the margin of the Thames.
The section of this scheme, which has been lately under
the consideration of a committee of the House of Commons
extends but from Blackfriars to Westminster. We have
learnt with consternation that the report of the committee
recommends that the public road along the embankment
shall extend no further than from Blackfriars to Whitehall-
stairs, and that it shall, at that point, turn up into White-
hall and pour its traffic into Parliament-street. The only
reason given for this extraordinary suggestion is, " that
further time may be thus afforded for ascertaining the best
means of relieving the thoroughfares of the metropolis."
It must, however, be clear to everybody who has attended
the sittings of the committee, that the reason thus given is
not the real reason ; that the motives by which its members
have been influenced are very different from those by
which they say, and we hope, they suppose they have been
actuated.
Between Whitehall-stairs and Westminster-bridge stand
the residences of the Duke of Buccleuch and of one or two
other gentlemen, who possess considerable Parliamentary
influence. If the original scheme submitted to the com-
mittee be persisted in, a public road will be opened in front
of these houses, between them and the river, by which they
will be separated from it, exactly as the houses in Picea-
dilly-terrace are separated 'by Piccadilly from the Green-
park. The Duke and his neighbours object to this intru-
sion; they are desirous that the embankment shall be made,
they are even willing to incur a portion of the cost of
making it—for its construction would be an enormous ad-
vantage to them—but they are determined if they can, that
in front of their housies there shall be no traffic, and that
the new quay—public everywhere else—shall be kept
strictly private in front of their residences.
W e do not propose to discuss the many important ques-
tions opened by this strange recommendation of the com-
mittee, before the report and the evidence on which it is
based are made public ; all we at present propose to do is, to
detail the circumstances under which the site of Montagu.
house—probably the most valuable plot of ground in Lon-
don—was recently smuggled out of the hands of the Crown
into those of the Duke of Buccleuch, who now stands for-
ward, by counsel, as the chief obstructor of the proposed
public improvement.
His Grace holds the ground on which Montagu-house
stands on a lease from the Crown for 99 years, commencing
in 1855. The old mansion, recently pulled down, was built
in 1733 and dlease of it for 62 years, commening in 1806,
was granted to his Grace's father in 1810. It appears from
Parliamentary papers now before us, printed on the 11th of
August, 1854, that the Duke has long been anxious, for
good and sufficient reasons to obtain a renewal of the old
lease granted to his father in 1810, and • that the Lords
of the Treasury,, with whom the matter rested, have been
equally determined not to grant any such renewal, on the
ground that the site of Montagu-house would, in 1868, be
requred for the erection of public offices. ,

Roads and Rails, and their Sequences, Physical and
Moral. By W. Bridges Adams, Engineer.
Chapman and Hall.
To make a book readable two things are requi-
site ; first, that the writer be master of his subject,
and, secondly, that he display a certain degree of
enthusiasm in its exposition ; and both these in a
high degree Mr. Adams has here shown himself to
possess. In fact, his enthusiasm will sometime
make sober-minded people inclined to smile. In
his opinion there is nothing like steam. Rail-•
roads, according to him, will reform the
world. And, indeed, the results to which,
he points are so desirable that it is impossible not to
wish that his previsions may prove correct, however
much one may doubt the power of steam to produce
them. When we eonsider the wonderful material
and aesthetic civilisation of ancient times, a civilisa-
tion, of the latter kind especially, of which we are
only beginning to have a faint conception, and
when we consider that all that was produced with-
out the agency of steam, we feel somewhat scepti-
cal as to the peculiar eficacy of that motive power
in producing such results. Nevertheless, we are
far from wishing to detract from the merit of Mr.
Adams's book. It is thoroughly honest, manly, elo-
quent, and eminently suggestive. It is perfectly
free from all taint of snobbish exclusiveness, and its
aim is to advocate and promote the greatest happi-.
ness of the greatest number. Thus, if he err some-
what as to the means, he is perfectly right as to the
end. For instance, speaking of the evil of too
great a subdivision of labour, he says that,." Farm
men, and factory men, and mechanical men, dwel-
ling near each other, and capable of changing to
each other's employment, would not 'be pobr Or
helpless. Their faculties would quicken by variety
and their labours of loathing would becOme labours.
of love." But—" It is only by cheap and convenient
transit, facilitating the aggregation Of persons and
things,. and their dispersion, that this desirable
change can be brought about." To conduce to it
he would have steam supersede common carriages
on common roads. " Long it cannot be ,ere bur
suburban roads and our country roads will .have
iron rails inserted in their surfaces, over vi hich
locomotives with small wheels will work in hilly
districts, and locomotives with larger wheels
on .more level districts," •then " the squalid
huts will pass away and be no more, the easy
means of transit will unlock the latent faculties, and
the labour—both of townsmen and countrymen—
will be convertible to either locality." We fear
there are other difficulties besides mere .ws.nt of
transit ei e this kind of communion can be reduced
to practice. There are few, we imagine, who could
successfully or profitably pursue more than one call-
ing, and the common proverb about the " Jack of
all trades" expresses the general opinion on this
point. " Let the shoemaker stick to his last," is a
still more antique saying to the same effect, and we
suspect it will be applicable to the end of time. But
Mr. Adams considers that it is not mechanical
labour alone that is to benefited by railways, but
art. " Little," he says, "do artists dream of the
high purposes to be wrought out by the agency of
railways, unless, indeed, they dream that high
art and nature's beauties and wonders should be
reserved only for the few, while the many toil to
give them leisure. Would ye build temples, oh, ye
men of art ! temples to God ? Would ye build these
temples only for the rich ? No; the true artist
builds for mankind. Where, then, would ye place
your temples ? In the squalid haunts where men
congregate, in the cities that have grown up in the
days of barbarism ? No, no ; the high places of the
land, the wild heaths and pine groves made by God
ere man was—where the lark sings, and not the
dens where the mouse chirps and the rat burrows—
are the true sites for your temples, where the hand of
the spoiler shall not come to build them round with
dens of iniquity. And how shah the people go to
worship at God's altars thus placed in the pure and
holy air, how—hut by the railway you run down
and scorn ?" Hitherto it has been thought best to
place temples where they could be generally seen
and be most conveniently used, where, in fact,
people "most do congregate." We fear that even
the respectable classes, to say nothing of the lower
orders, would demur at paying a railway fare when
they wished to go to church ; and then what would
the Sabbatarians say to the employment of stokers,
engineers, guards, porters, and other officials on
their day of rest ? If our temples are exclusive it
is not because they are built in town rather than
the country, but because of the peculiarities of the
Church of England. We have no temples for the
poor. With us the road to heaven can only be re-
spectably reached through Sunday clothes and
renting a pew. In Roman Catholic countries it is
different. The church there is as free to the beggar
as to the prince, and the consequence is that whilst
infidelity is widely prevalent among our lower
orders it is there confined to the educated classes.
Not that we advocate Roman Catholicism. Heaven
forbid ! We merely point out to Mr. Adams why
railways alone will not make people lead religious,
sober, godly lives. He continues—" Again, artists,
would ye build temples to the drama, to the muses
—where would ye place them save on the railway
line ? The day has gone by when it was a need for
men to build close cities ; and the time is coming
when, as of old, the tree will again shadow
the dwelling. Time and space have been
vanquished, and the residences of regenerate man
have yet to be constructed. Turn whither we will,
do what we will in art, artistry, mechanism, agri-
culture, exercise, health, knowledge, or, if it must
be, war—in all things henceforth the iron way is
the way of our worldly salvation, of our mental
progress, of our souls' rescue from:degradation."
This is sufficiently comprehensive, and we trust it
may come to pass. Provided our dwellings and
persons be rendered healthy and beautful and our
minds educated and refined, we care little what
means be used in the process. But it is rathere
curious that Mr. Ruskin, who is considered to b
the great apostle of art and the great advocate_,,_ I_°_l;
elevating the workman, should be the deaeYmwe that"
railways, and should consider that it is to them
the iniquity and perversity of this.
should be mainly owing. But it
lsmultitude of
missions of doctors to differ, and ind ma .
Upon one
counsellors there is said to be
wise
°that reform is
point certainly all reformers a
g, rdeisease, are evils too
even eerfa tti ohne
needed. Filth, ignorance,
nd even if the remedy
extent at least, of remedy
one,
directing the mere fact of its
rife among us, and which dvoieuebtless admit, to some
proposed be not a perfect
suggestions the present
directing attention to the.
to good. Of interest'?
subject is sure to conduce
regret is that many of
carried into operation.
ofa uans
an. practical
d A Armour
noduernne ym, and
ermerit
Ntvhoermk
cannotis fnll , and
at p
roensrehnot lbey
as a National Defence"
conclusion, we recommend
tßhuet
chapter
iis sc,), rei&tre v
appendixonln"
aespecialnd t he
this work, not that they will agree with
all to read
attention.
all the writer advances, h but that they cannot fail
to be charmed both wit his enthusiasm and his
integrity of purpose.
e I

. .
The Meicicans are reported to have lost 1,000 in",
killed and wounded, besides 2,000 prisoners. In
fact, this "little affair" as it is termed by the Go-
vernment organs, islikely to act as a very cousin
derable damper to that exuberance.of valour which,
after the repulsg. of the. Zouaves in .their reconnoi-,
tring . expedition. of
,the , Cerro de Guadalupe,
threatened Lorencez and 'his army with nothing'
'short of annihilatiOn: ' That something serious heti
occurred is clear from the etainous silence preserved.
.by the eosteinment. That it may act as a warning
to Mexicans generally; andlthus inithe end save the
effusion of mupl4 blond, is: 09 wish plevery humane.
person. , Thegreneh,ComT*ioners showed a sad
want of discretion in putting forward Almonte ank
his party in Surcha Way aitt6 lead the Mexican nai
tidp to believe that -it 'teas the Intention of theti
French' Emperor: to Ireinstata the' Church fmitin4
and the presdneo of.: such A 'ZI4III.m. the . Padre: 34/
rand?: in the Frenc;h•caipplwas of itself snffigient to.
insure them. the •..hostility of- the, while of the
. tiberal party.,,
,Witnonte I beliefelfik be a most 're-
'spectable and Well-meaning man ; Atill he is of the'
Conservative side. What we• want' is ii 'fusion. .6f
parties: and that a foreign force,-Professing to sup-
portneither, could easily haVe brought about ; puce
--irt-oposieerc---of—the t;irgitiriibither party would
have dared openly to oppose its progress, because
each in the end would have hoped to benefit by
its presence. It would be easier to establish a new
form of Government altogether than to establish
either one of the contending factions. All we want
is a foreign force in the capital, and the rest will
follow as a matter of course.
Hitherto we have had but a series of blunders to
deplore. It was a blunder to send an allied force
of 10,000 men, unprovided with the means of trans-
port. It was a blunder to allow that force to remain
inactive at Vera Cruz when a four days' march upon
Jalapa or Orizaba would have provided them with
that transport. It was a blunder to acknowledge the
present Government by sending up Deputy Com-
missioners. It was a still worse blunder, when these
Commissioners had failed in their mission and when
there was no Mexican force in the field, not to take
active measures. It was a blunder to enter into pre-
liminaries founded on falsehood, and which could
by no possibility lead to good results, and it was an
unpardonable blunder for the Commissioners here

Early in 1852 the Whigs were driven from office, and
Lord Derby succeeded them. At this crisis the Duke of
Buccleuch, in no way discouraged by the decided refusal
which he had already received from the Whig Lords of the
Treasury in 1850, again pressed that department tor a re-
newal of his lease. In June, 1852, we find the Duke's agent,
Mr, Frederick. Nicholl, of Carey-street, addressing Mr.
Charles Gore, of the Woods and Forests, on behalf of his
employer, and renewing the very same application that had
been firmly rejected. but two years before.
In spite, holv,eyer, of Mr. Nicholl's importunity, and in
spite of the ,marked and affectionate interest which-Mr.
•.Charles Gore appears to have taken in the subject, the Tory
lords of the Treasury, 'who had just' come into officeo and
probably expecfed,to remain in (for-they anticipated great
things from the impending dissolution of Parliareept), very
properly declined to entertain the gross job suggested to
them by Messrs. Nicholl and Gore, and their refusal is re-
cordedin a Treasury minute, dated Aug. 17, and in to. letter
addressed by Mr. Charlea Gore to Mr. Nicholl,' dated Sept.
11, 1852. "
Hele the subjeci would probably have dropped for ever
had not the general election, which took place in the autumn
of 1852, proved. =favourable to the Tory cause. The new
Parliament Tact en the 4th of November, and while the
aoouo 4,Lz. was girding
himself up tor the onslaught which he knew would be made
on his financial measures by Mr. Gladstone, Mr. Forbes
Mackenzie, the Patronage Secretary of the Treasury, was
exerting himself to prop up shaky votes and to make poli-
tical converts by the usual means found efficacious on such
emergencies. It was well known that if the Tories were
forced to resign, Lord Aberdeen would succeed Lord Derby ;
and the Duke of Buccleuch, a nobleman of vast political
influence, was more than suspected by the Carlton Club of
entertaining dangerous Peelite tendencies. It became there-
fore desirable that he should be well looked after, and con-
ciliated as much as possible.
So, at this critical juncture, the subject of the lease of
Montagu-house suddenly cropped up again, spontaneously
as it were. It does not appear, from the papers before us,
that the Duke himself revived it ; or that Messrs. Nicholl
and Gore bestirred themselves afresh on his behalf, Never-
theless we find that on Dec. 8 (the discussion on Mr. Dis-
raeli's financial measures, on which his Government de-
pended, having been fixed for the 10th), a friendly letter
was addressed by the Secretary of the Treasury to Mr.
Gore, apprising him that "my lords" had reconsidered the
matter of the renewal of the lease so much desiderated by
the duke; that since their last refusal to grant it "my
lords" had obtained information regarding the terms of the
leases of the houses in Richmond-terrace, which had
changed their views ; and this new information, coupled
with the fact that the duke was a very old tenant of the
Crown, had induced them to agree that a lease of 99 years
should be granted to him.
A reference to the plan facing page 2 of the papers be-
fore us shows that " my Lords" did not adhere very
rigidly to the truth in making this communication, in-
asmuch as the information regarding the terms of the
leases of the houses contiguous to Montagu House had
which is the date of the last minute refusing to grant the
proposed renewal, but as far back as the 7th of October,
1850. And, as the last refusal had taken place in Septem-
ber, 1852, the Duke was but three months older tenant
when he got the lease than he had been when the selfsame
Government had flatly refused to grant it to him. Be that
as it may, two days after "my Lords'" conciliatory letter
was written to the Duke the discussion on Mr, Disraeli's
financial measures was resumed in Parliament, and after a
debate which lasted four nights the Tories were driven
from office by a small majority, and the Peelites succeeded
them. We are not in a position to say on which side the
Duke of Buccleuch exerted his influence on that occasion
in the House of Commons, or whether he exerted it at all
on either side ; but such are the more than suspicious cir-
cumstances under which his Grace got a lease for 99 years,
on remarkably easy terms, of one of the most valuable pieces
of land in the metropolis, as proved by official documents
and by dates which cannot be disputed.
The ludicrous manner in which Mr. Disraeli dragged be-
fore Parliament in 1854, with the view of damaging Mr.
Gladstone, the circumstances under which he himself had
sanctioned the minute authorising this shameful job are
now well known. Mr. Disraeli declares that in the hurry
of business he initialled the document in ignorance of its
contents, and we give entire credence to his assertion, for
he undoubtedly had plenty of work on his hands at the time.
But we would ask whether it is even now too late to insti-
tute some inquiry into the job,'and whether the actual per-
petrator of it cannot be, if not brought to justice, at least
ascertained and stigmatized ?
And, although we do not presume to insinuate that the
Duke of Buccleuch did more in the matter than to accept
the bribe which the Tory Government, in the agony of im-
pending dissolution, possibly forced upon him, we are of
opinion that a Committee of the House of Commons, when

to declare null and void a formal convention made
by the three Powers in Europe, and thus afford a
pretext to the Spanish commander for the with-
drawal of the forces under his command. These
unaccountable proceedings have led Mexicans to
believe that the three Powers are afraid to interfere
in the affairs of the country, lest they should bring
down upon them the hostility of the United States.
They have given time to the present Government
to collect resources both in men and money, and

men.

they have, to all appearance at least, satisfied Juarez
and his Government that England and Spain have
retired from the contest, leaving France to settle
the matter as best he may. Now, it is absurd to
suppose that any partial disagreement between their
agents here could ever lead to a coolness between two
such Powers as France and England upon such a
question as it is to imagine that a treaty would be
entered into for objects common to both countries
without those objects being carried out, it would be
bat a mere act of mercy at once to disabuse the
Mexican people and lay the matter before them in
its true light. It is but fair to state that whatev_e_r
.
difference of opinion may have existed between M.
de Saligni and Sir Charles Wyke, the utmost unani-
mity prevails between the French and Englisht resti-
dents. The latter know but too well that any roa y
made with a Mexican Government is not worth the
paper it is written on, and that their very existence
now depends upon the success of the French expe-
dition. It is not surprising,
duct of her Majesty's therefore, that the con_ I
representative and that of
Spain should be universally condemned. Some idea
may be formed
of the state of trade wheniniefohrimn
you that one of the leading English firms, h
ordinary revolutionary times and at this season of
the year sells goods to the amount of 50,000 doll.,
has, during this present month of May, sold only
700 dole. worth ; still it has to pay heavy percent-
ages on capital, forced contributions, double taxes,
and numerous other impostions. The case of ono is
the case of all. To add to their other misfortunes
the city latterly has been inundated with hundreds
of thousands of false dollars, so admirably made
and corresponding so accurately in weight that it is
almost impossible to detect them. Where they are
manufactured, or whence they come, nobody
knows; one thing is certain, that the Govern-
ment have taken no steps to discover forgers. Day
after day are decrees promulgated, subjecting

cognisant, as they now are, of the disgraceful circumstances
under which the renewal of the lease of Montagu-house was
granted, would not feel disposed to evince much considera-
tion for the objections which its tenant may raise to the
opening of a public highway along the embankment be-
tween him and the river. The time will undoubtedly come
when the proposed quay will be prolonged, in front of the
Houses of Parliament, from Westminster-bridge to Vaux-
hall, the contiguity of Westminster Abbey to the Houses of
Parliament precluding the possibility of widening the
thoroughfare between then.. And when that time does
come, if we give way on this occasion to the Duke and his
allies, we shall have to repurchase back from them, at an
enormous cost, the indusputable right which we now pos-
sess, and which the committee so strangely recommends us
to abandon, of making an uninterrupted public quay from
Blackfriars to Vauxhall. Beyond Vauxhall the quay
already exists.

the unfortunate inhabitants to fresh exactions,
and with such rigour are they levied, that a man
rich to-day may be a pauper to-morrow. Re•
spectable persons are thrown into prison upoi
the most frivolous pretences, and there kept for
indefinite periods. A man even talking of inter-
vention is liable to be shot. This is scarcely a
Government deserving of much considerations. It is
marvellous to find a nation tamely submitting to all
this ; but they are so bound down by tyranny that
any additional outrage only renders them the more
submissive. They are really Worms that will never
turn. Every day may be seen 50 or 100 able-
bodied men, dragged from their homes to recruit
the army, marching through the streets guarded by
three or four soldiers, followed by their ViTeo;

A Suspicious CASE.—It was reported in The
Sun a fortnight ago that a vessel, the Mary of Exeter, laden
with teak, had been picked up floating upon her broadside,
off the Fern Islands, and towed into the Tyne by three
powerful steam tugs.
This vessel having been discharged
of her cargo has been righted. She was surveyed on Sa-
turday morning last in Shields harbour, and holes were
found in her bottom, bored from the inside. In one of
these holes a wooden plug was found, which is in the pos-
session of the Collector of Customs at North Shields.

MULLINGAR, 26TH JUNE.--Three threatening
notices were found posted in Killucan, one on Mr, Moore's
gate, ono on the market house, and the other ow the church
gate, threatening any person who would use mowing ma-
chines with death. Similar notices have been posted in
other parts 0 this comity,

_N NW s P,A„. p I!: R
~,.- • -:.----t-f-_,K-&-:
:era or mothers in agonies of _ -7 i75.,..,,,..m.
is'so common that it affects no on ifill*Stfiiti
themselves seem so utterly indiffe WC** VV.
would suppose them ftalists. HL
ordinary management would it be to govegksuchlt
people. The report that the reactionary chiefs had.
joined Juarez turns out to be unfounded. Marquez
with 2,000 cavalry joined -the French after the
pledn of the 18th, Whether much reliance is to be
on such auxiliaries would odrtainly seem
problematical. There is a report that Tampico is
to be taken possession of. Why this IN,as not done
long ago no one can understand. Genz.ales Ortega
is said to be on his way to this city with the San
Luis and Zacatecas contingents, amounting to 6,000

gr 4 kw,...., ;t .....2; ,e, ,
__,,,,..„.. ‘, ,T. 51? 1
2 'it Umag...---,:z.. -1,..,
..,,..f.,-. 0..
, diffe El . ----I*Ap4; •
S

• MORNING OF 29 TII.
The norrespon deuce by the Frenchrpacket arrived
last night; it was not stopped by the Govertment
as at first supposed. The unfortunate- courier died
of vowito on the road, and for some time no 0170
could he found who would hazard his life by being
the bearer of correspondence. We were surprised:
to find that no farther-French troops Wert; under
orders for thiS country; from the turn things have
taken no time ought to be lost, and reinforeements
ought to he sent without delay. The partial suc-
ccss at the Cerro de Guadalupe has inspired this
party with confidence, and it may require one or
two thrashings to convince them that their troops
are not equal to contend with the heroes of Solfa•
rino. It appears that in the action of the 18th the
French had but two killed and ten wounded, Mexi-
cans upwards of 700 killed and 1,000 taken pri-
soners. General Douet left Vera Cruz for Orizaba
with 1,000 men on the 18th. It is said that he will
be opposed by La Llane at the Chiquihucti. The,
Custom-house of Vera Cruz has been handed over
to the French, and by them delivered to 41.1monte ;
~,thiff,•to say the least,, is. injudieious. It is also
rumoured that afie slitrO4entiOn hast been sign
ed
by the three Powers, leaving the management: to
France ; this would seem to be a move in the right
direction.
The 2lfoniteur of yesterday morning publishesith
following news from Mexico of the 28th of May,
received via Southampton:—
" Marquez, with 2,000 troops, effected a junction
with the French expeditionary corps on the 18th of
May. The Mexican vanguard, consisting of 1,500
men,-endeavoured to prevent this movement, but
was almost entirely destroyed by our troops."
The hloniteur adds :
" We hope that the expected official reports will
hasten to confirm this information."
The following account contains some interesting
details :

~5

" CITY OF MEXICO, MAY 28.
" On the 11th of May, at 9 a.m., the French army
commenced retreating from Amozoc, and succes-
sively passed through Acatzingo, Quecholac„ ,San
Augustin del Palmar, Istapa, and over the heights
of Acultzingo, arriving on the evening of the 17th
at Orizaba.
" During the retrograde movement of the French
great discord arose among the reactionary bands
assembled at Atliaco and Matamoras Izucar. Owl-
party of them, headed by Marquez, Cobos, Vicario, ,
&c., resolved to join the French, and act in concert
with them. The others, commanded by Zuloaga,
Zires, &c., determined not to take part in the con-
flict. The forces of Marquez and Cobos consisted.
of from 3,000 to 4,000 men; chiefly cavalry, and,
although undisciplined and ill-armed, they never
ceased to harass the troops-=of teneral Zaragoza,
thieatening them in flank and in rear.
e‘ After the return of the French to Orizaba,
~Gemeral Zaragoza's army remained echeloned along
the road from San Augustin del Palmar to Acult- -
r
(zi go". General Tapia, with two cavalry corps, was
po ted near the latter point, situated at the,:base of .
~-,4„s Cumbres, in order to watch the moyemenis 9p f .
Marquez, who was endeavouring to join the French_,
On the morning of the 18th, General Tapia received • -
information that the forces of, Marque 4 were
debouching by the Barranca Seca, and iminediUelyi
prepared to meet them. ' .. . . ,
" Marquez, in crder to avoid the main body of • ..
General Zaragoza's army, instead of taking the
main road and posing by the Cumbres, entered
the defiles of the mountains between Tehuacan and
the Cumbres with 2,000 men, following paths which
generally are only wide enough for one horseman
to pass at a time. Thus he arrived on the 18th at
Barranca Seca, two leagues from Iligenio, and six
from Orizaba.

;ter

.~-

" The Barranca Seca is a gorge, half a league in
diameter, surrounded on all sides by inaccessible
mountains, with a narrow opening in the direction
of Orizaba. This opening, although very narrow,
is divided by a mamelon commanding the whole
position. At the bottom of the gorge, exactly
facing the opening, the mountains are separated by
a road, affording passage for only a single file of
horsemen. It was through this narrow and difficult
path that Marquez's forces debouched. On learn-
ing this movement Gen. Tapia prepared to meet the
enemy with his two corps of cavalry. He found
the army of Marquez drawn up in battle array at
the bottom of the gorge, and entered the defiles in
order to prevent it from escaping. The conflict
commenced at about nine in the morning, but at
first was confined to skirmishing. Gen. Tapia sent
for reinforcements to Gen. Negreti, who was at
Acultzin go, and Marquez, on his side, despatched
couriers to Orizaba in order to inform the French
of his perilous position. About half-past four a force
of 1,100 infantry, sent by Gen. Negreti, arrived at
the scene of action. Part of this force entered the
gorge and engaged in combat with the cavalr of
f
Marquez. The remainder guarded the passes
to
oeapcieces at the bottom of
reactionary forces would
ethote,elock about 2,000 French
Combat
undoubtedlyw a s havedeadly,
tfiliveeirappearance. Immediately
thetrtroops
egpoeregued, wd
suddenly
aboutmade
on receipt of Marquez's message a body of Zonaves,
Chasseurs de Vincennes, and the 99th Regiment
of the line, had been set in motion to reinforce
him and arrived at the critical moment, occupied
the outlets of the gorge, and took possession of the
doedfotrhoeesw,
ohootleopoolysittihoons.e
of
commanded the whole position.
"Thus all the Mexica
mamelon whichaall
the
Tapia, but also those commanded
by Marquez,
found themselves shut up
frightful carnage ensued. N •
either party had ar-
tillery, and firearms were scarcely used in the
butchery. The battle was fought hand to hand for
the space of two full hours until night closed in.
Towards the doof
the conflict the French, owing
to the darkness, were unable to distinguish the
Mexicans, and charged both the soldiers of General
Tapia and those of Marquez. At length night ter-
minated the conflict, the French withdrawing to
Orizaba, accompanied by Marquez and his cavalry,
and General Tapia's troops returned to the posi-
tion which they occupied before the battle. The
Mexicans suffered immense losses, which, without
exaggeration, may be estimated at 50 per cent. of
their number. Marquez, it is said, lost 600 men.
As for the French their loss must have been equally
severe, although the number is not known. Vicayo
is reported to have been killed in the action.
" The following morning at about nine o'clock
the Mexicans visited the battlefield and carried off
the spoil. The French only arrived at noon aln
of
buried the dead bodies of their comrades, al
nded left on
which were found stripped. The wou
the field all night nearly all died.
•
" The losses of General Tapia are estimated at
from 1,000 to 1,100 men. Hoclaims the glory of
having fought in the proportion of one against two
can hardly be
and a-half, but for reasons which
understood no official reports of this action have
been published, andit is necessary to accept the
Preceding account with all reserve, being derived
ri vete sources.
- exclusively from p

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