The Sun.
London, England, 1862-03-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LOSDON, TUBS 01 EVENING, MARCH si2s, 1862,

and which he thought ought not to be allowed by the house
to be taken away.
Clauses Ito inclusive were then agreed to.
Mr. N. GIBSON said it was proposed, upon considera-
tion, to give up the proposed amended clause.
The clause was accordingly abandoned.
Clause 0, as amended, was ordered to stand part of the
bill, as were clauses 10 to 17 inclusive.

Clause 18 was then agreed to, as were also clauses 19, 20,
b
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26.
On clause 27 being proposed, several objections were
urged against the powers which this clause conferred upon
the Board of Trade.
Mr. M. GIBSON defended the clause as it stood.
Captain JERVIS opposed the clause, and hoped the
committee would reject it altogether.

After some further discussion, in which several members
took part,

Captain JERVIS moved the omission of the clause, and
on a division, the numbers were— •
For the clause
Against it . „ 7l
Majority
The clause was consequently negatived, end the Govern-
ment defeated.

Several other clauses having been agreed to,
Mr. M. GIBSON moved an additional clause, which he
said was simply intended to save the rights of the Duchy of
Cornwall, and did not confer any new rights upon it.
Mr. A. SMITH moved that the clause be withrawn.
The committee divided—
For the clause ....
AgOnst it
Majority for it
The clause was then ordered to stand part of the bill.
Mr. A. SMITH explained that the opposition to the
clause just passed was founded upon the underhand con-
duct of the Government in a previous bill relating to the
duchy.

The house then resumed, and the CHAIRMAN reported
the bill with its amendments.
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS ACTS (1861) AMEND-

MENT BILL.

This bill passed through committee, after an explana-
tion from the Home Secretary that it was intended to re-
main in force till 1867.

MUTINY BILL.

The house then went into cotnniitt•ze on the Mutiny
Bill.

Clauses to 21 inclusive having been agreed to,

On clause 22,

Mr. WHITE said that flogging in the army had, he was
happy to say, greatly decreased during the last few years,
and he went into the statistics of the subject to prove the
statement. He said it appeared from the returns that 179
men were flogged in 1861; and in 1860, 512. In the year
1858 there was no flogging in all but 69 regiments; in 1859,
in all but 34 regiments; and in 1860, in all but 19 regi-
ments. Believing, however, that flogging was detrimental
to the army, and degrading to the national character, lie
moved the omission of the clause ; and he begged to state
that so long as he was honoured with a seat in that house,
he should never cease to do his utmost to abolish that bar-
barous practice.
Sir G. C. LEWIS said this decrease was attributable to
a general order issued at the end of 1359, by which no sol-
dier could be flogged until he had been degraded from the
first class into the second of the two which it created. The
effect had been to reduce the number of lashes, and the
clause itself limited the number to 50. He hoped the com-
mittee would adhere to the clause.

Mr. PEASE observed that the statement of the right
hem gentleman himself was conclusive against the pro-
priety of retaining the punishment, and he hoped the com-
mittee would throw out the clause.
The committee divided and the numbers were—
For the clause
Against it
Majority for ...

The clause was then ordered to stand part of the bill.
On clause 26, providing for branding soldiers with the
letter D, or with the letters B C, on the breast, to signify
" deserter," or "bad character,"
Mr, HENNESSY moved to omit it, but did not divide
the committee, and the clause, with the remaining ones,
was agreed to.
The house then resumed.
MARINE MUTINY BILL.

This bill passed through committee.
:PUBLIC-HOUSES (SCOTLAND) ACTS AMEND-

MENT BILL.

Mr. MUIR moved the second rsading of this bill, which
he said he hoped would be allowed to pass, as it had been
framed in accordance with principles which had received
the sanction of Scotch members generally.
Mr. BUCHANAN said ho had no intention of opposing
the bill, and he gave credit to the intentions of the holl-
and learned gentleman who had charge of it. He had in-
tended to improve it by consolidating it with the other two
bills on the subject, but did not intend to offer any impedi-
ment to its progress.
The bill was then read a second time.
BLEACHFIELDS (WOMEN AND CHILDREN
EMPLOYMENT) BILL.
This bill was road a third time and passed.
The house then adjourned at half-past one o'clock.

PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES.

TRADE MARKS.

The committee on this bill met again yesterday.
Mr. Roebuck in the chair. The other members of
the committee are—Mr. Milner Gibson, the Attor-
ney General, Sir H. Cairns, Mr. Alderman Cope-
land, Mr. Crossley, Mr. Hassard, Mr. Crum-Ewing,
Mr. Selwyn, Mr. Potter, Sir F. Goldsmid, and Mr.
Warner.

Mr. Rylands, a member of the council of the Bir-
mingham Chamber of Commerce, and ex-mayor of
the borough, was the first witness examined. He
said—The Chamber of Commerce are very anxious
to see some statutes passed which shall prevent
fraudulent imitations, by something more than the
mere payment of costs and damages. They wish
the offence to be made a misdemeanour, subject to
fine and imprisonment. Registration ought to be
made part of any act that may be passed on the sub-
ject. I would register the trade mark. It appears
to me unnecessary to register the names of the
manufacturers who do not adopt a mark. There aro
many manufacturers who depend upon their names
alone, and if any one imitates their names with a
fraudulent intention, a new remedy should be given
in such case, because the object is either to simplify
the evidence againstoffenders or to give warning to
manufacturers who may unwittingly adopt a mark
used by other persons. In the case of a manufec-
turer of the same name as myself I should consider
an emblem necessary, and should have to register.
The emblem and the name should be both registered.
1 The remedies proposed in the bill aro simple and
inexpensive, and I do not see why they should not
be extended for the benefit of persons who use their
names only without trade marks. There would be
no difficulty in adopting an efficienl system of re-
gistration, and I believe it would pay its expenses.
Mr. Bartlett, needle manufacturer of Redditch,
produced a book showing the genuine labels used by
his firm and some counterfeit labels. The latter, he
said, are made in Germany. They are engraved at
Aachen, and the object is to enable the Prussian
manufacturers to get rid of a bad article at a good
price. My firm has never taken legal proceedings
because we were told that there being no law in
England enabling foreigners to obtain redress they
could give us none. I believe it to be of the utmost
importance to have a system of registration along
with the name, accompanied by a summary juris-
diction.

Mr. James Wright, button manufacturer, of Bir-
mingham, believed the adoption of trade marks by
manufacturers would become general. Ho had
adopted one, but was not aware whether it was a
new one, or whether any other person had a prior
right to it. An act of Parliament which would
enable him to ascertain such a point would be very
desirable. He know of an expensive Chancery suit
now in progress, which had been caused by the
adoption by one of part of the compound mark used
by another. That suit might have been avoided
under an efficient system of registration. He thought
the magistrates would form a competent tribunal
for the decision of trade mark cases.
The committee then adjourned.

SEWAGE OF TOWNS.
The select committee appointed to inquire into
the best means of utilising the sewage of the cities
and towns of England, with a view to the reduction
of local taxation and the benefit of agriculture, met
yesterday for the purpose of taking evidence. Dr.
Brady presided. The other !umbers of the com-
mittee are—Mr. Adderley, Mr. Adertne,Mr. Ayrton,
Mr. Bristow, Mr. Blencowo, Mr. Ducane, Colonel
Farm, Mr. Gregson, Mr. Gore Langton, Viscount
Holmcsdale, Mr. Roupell, Sir F. Smith, Mr. Paget,
and Mr. Whitbread.
The Earl of Essex was the first witness called. In
reply to questions by the chairman ho said_l re-
ceive on my estate the sewage from Watford. The
population amounts to about 4,000 persons. I have
eels' e l
t n
applied the sewage
to Italian rye grass, wheat,
usag°l
thesew utcl a zs
In all.
d portion of park grass.
was applied with very great
success. On seven acres of Italian rye grass I fat-
i
n
l

tened 13 bullocks, kept seven or eight horses and
ponies, and an indefinite number of pigs. It has
increased the value of the sewage lands. After
deducting the charge for the sewage there was a
net increase in the value of the crops per acre of
£2 7s. 6d. The quantity of sewage which I obtain
per day is from 60,0(0 to 80,000 gallons—about 270
or 280 tons. The coat is from a penny to five far-
things per ton. I believe sewage might generally
be drained off for three farthings per ton, and in
some cases for one halfpenny. At three farthings
per ton it will pay well ; but at a halfpenny per
ton it will pay uncommonly well. I should have
had greater success my operations had been pro-
perly conducted in the first instance. In very hot
weather some evaporation takes place, but in wet
weather it is very small. The sewage manure has
a permanent influence on the land, and I can see
the benefit of it for two or three crops. The land
increases in value in consequence of a continuous
system of sewage. In spreading a large quantity
there is an offensive smell, but that may be in a
great measure avoided by applying it near to the
ground instead of from an elevation ; and after it
has been five minutes on the ground the smell is
not at all offensive. The health of the men b,v
whom the sewage has been applied has not suffered
in the slightest degree. The whole of my estate
would be increased in value if the tenants had a
constant supply of sewage. There can be no doubt
as to the inherent value of sewage. I agree with
the observations in the report of the Royal com-
missioners that the disposal of sewage would in
many towns solve the question of drainage.

By Mr. Ayrton—The sewage is conveyed from
the town in close pipes underground. When there
is a decided downfall of rain I can cut it off
from the tanks, and then the storm water
goes off into a stream. I cannot state exactly the
increased value of the land to which the sewage
is applied, but I can speak positively as to the de-
cided improvement of all the crops.
Dr. Robert Angus Smith, of Manchester, exa-
mined.-1 have given a good deal of attention to
the question of sewage, and have examined the
sewage of many districts. The most complete exa-
mination which I made was that at Carlisle. The
amount of ammonia was seldom more than 11 grains
to the gallon. In London the quantity is seven
grains per gallon. Notwithstanding the fact of the
quantity of ammonia at Carlisle being so small, the
effect of putting it upon the land has been very
decided. The Carlisle sewage contains about five
grains of solid matter per gallon. The sewage of
London contains about 300 grains per gallon. Cattle
can be fed on sewage land with great advantage.
They seem to prefer it to other land, and thrive
upon it very well. I believe the annual value of
the sewage of London is about £1,450,000. The
application of sewage to land is in some respects
injurious to health. It takes some time to get com-
pletely absorbed into the soil, but when it is com-
pletely taken into and mixed with the soil, it is
totally disinfective.
The committee then adjourned.

South Wales, Shropshire, Yorkshire, Northumber-
land, and adjoining counties. A most interesting
collection of British- minerals is coming from the
lead hills of Scotland, with specimens of all the
I most remarkable products of that mining district.
Nor in this list must British gold ores be forgotten.
A fine collection of auriferous quartz is to come from
Merionethshire, and auriferous gossan from Devon.l
Ireland sends specimens of her fine granites and
beautiful marbles and serpentines, with some good
minerals. In this division of the class the polished
granites and serpentines of Cornwall, and the varie-
gated ornamental marbles of Derbyshire, will be
most conspicuous objects. There will also be a
large collection of the various descriptions of stone
used in building. Classes 2,3, and 4, are under the
superintendence of Mr. C. W. Quin, F.C.S., who,
like the rest, has worked indefatigably in obtaining
the best possible subjects for exhibition in his de-
partment. These three classes are devoted respec-
tively to chymistry, food, and raw materials. The
chymico-pharmaceutical section of the Exhibition
(Class 2) can boast of a collection which, for variety
and excellence, has never yet been equalled. The
exhibitors include more than 200 of the greatest
manufacturers in the country. Hardly a name of
emissence is missing in any branch of chymical
manufacture, from Magenta and borax down to
matches and blacking. A complete series of drugs,
systematically arranged by a committee of the
most eminent members of the Pharmaceutical So-
ciety, assisted by Professor Redwood, hal; been
prepared. This collection will be particularly in-
teresting and instructive to pharmaceutists, and
its:value will be still further enhanced by the
society's permission to allow specimens to be
handled and examined, under the care of a cura-
tor. A very interesting collection of chymicals,
illustrating the improvements made in calico print-
ing and dyeing since 1851, has been formed, at the
suggestion of Dr. Playfair, by Mr. R. Rumney, of
Manchester, whose practical knowledge as a chy-
mist and manufacturer renders him admirably fitted
for the work. In no department of applied ehy-
mistry have such strides been made within the last
ten years as in dyeing and calico printing ; and in
the history of these useful arts, perhaps no similar
period has been so fruitful in good results. A col-
lection of products illustrating the discovery of the
coal tar dyes formed by the first workman in this
fertile field, Mr. W. H. Perkin, is also to be shown,
and all the various dyes will be admirably repre-
sented. Fine collections of cinchona and alkaloids
are shown by Messrs. Howards and others, and a
trophy is in course of formation, consisting of large
crystals of copper, alum, &c., arranged artistically
together so as to form splendid masses of colour.
One single block of alum which is said to weigh no
less than seven tons is coming from the Metropolitan
Alum Works. Dr. Stenhouse, F.R.S., and Professor
Brodie each exhibit collections of rare chymical
substances discovered by themselves. Mr. Church,
Dr. Muller, Mr. De la Rue, and others, also send
largely. Windsor and Newton send a case of
colours and ultramarine of different qualities, worth
upwards of £1,000; Smith and Co. send fine ex-
amples of orchil and other lichen dyes; and among
the odds and ends is an article called " concen-
trated fish manure." A circular drawn up by the
superintendent, is about to be issued to the exhibi-
tors, subjecting them to most stringent regulations
as to alcohol, ether, or corrosive acids and salts.
In class 3 (food) there will be an immense collec-
tion of preserved animal and vegetable provisions of
every conceivable description. All the great tea-
dealers send samples of teas, coffees, and cocoas,
many of them containing specimens quite New to
this country. A complete collection of dried and
preserved fruits of every kind comes from Fort-
num and Mason's and there will be every known
variety of hops, with pickles, preserves, beer, and
biscuits. Some giant corn, with ears, eight or nine
inches long, is shown by Mr. Hallet, of Brighton,
which he calls "pedigree wheat," having raised
it by constantly selecting the grains of the
largest ears year after year. A fine collection of
agricultural seeds will also be shown, with speci-
mens of cereals from all the chief corn dealers.
Preserved meats have a great many representatives,
which shows how vastly this trade has recently ia-
creased. But a short time since it was almost un-
known. Fentum, of Bond-street, and others,
exhibit some most exquisite ivory carvings and
turnings, and there will be a very beautiful collec-
tion of wax flowers. One lady exhibits a copy in
wax of a large bank of wild flowers. There will,
of course, be every variety of soaps, with wax,
stearine, composite, paraffin, and tallow candles.
Gutta-percha, indiarubbcr, and vulcanite in every
possible variety of form and article will be shown.
A large collection of wools is sent by the Agricul-
tural Society, and the Duke of Marlborough also
exhibits wools and a pair of blankets. There will
be a splendid show of hardwoods, tusks, mother-
of-pearl, end shells, with horn and tortoiseshell
goods, paper, and paper-making materials. The
food trophy of Class 3 will be erected in the nave,
from the designs and under the direction of Messrs.
Gilbert. There will also be an exceedingly hand-
some trophy of raw materials (Class 4), from the
designs by Mr. Leighton, F.S.A., also in the nave,
to correspond with that of food. Both these have
been got up, and the expense of their erection
borne, by the sub-committees of the metropolitan
committees of the respective classes.—Times,