The Sun.
London, England, 1865-09-06 00:00:00

HEALTH OF LONDON.

It appears from the weekly return issued by au-
thority of the Registrar-General, that in the we
that ended on Saturday, Sept. 2, the births regis-
tered in London and 10 other large towns of the
United Kingdom were 3,773 ; the deaths registered,
2,477. The average rate of mortality was 23 per
1,000 persons living.
In London the births of 1,002 boys and 1,017
girls, in all 2,019 children, were registered in the
week. In the corresponding weeks of ten years
1855-64 the average number, corrected for increase
of population, was 1,899.
The deaths registered in London during the week
were 1,131. It was the thirty-fifth week of the year,
and the average number for that week was, with a
correction for increase of population, 1,248.
In the week 89 deaths by diarrhoea, and four by
cholera were registered. Two men died of cholera ;
one a chairmaker, aged 24 years, is said to have died
of " English cholera;" another, a painter, aged 25
years, of "choleraic diarrhoea,'' after 24 hours' illness.
Cholera is not a new disease. It is described in
the earliest medical writings ; and cases occur
sporadically every week in summer in every
country of Europe and Asia. During the last ten
been
where still
weeks 127 deaths from cholera have been registered
in London; and the deaths from the disease in pro-
the causes of death are either unrecorded or populationunre-
mpoortionto
numerous
inh
t e
other
have
cities undoubtedlyof E
en
e
vealed.
re
Europe,

This form of cholera, called here English, or more
correctly summer cholera, when fatal, differs little
in appearance from epidemic cholera ; which is,
however, well characterised by the short duration
of fatal cases ; by its attacking and destroying great
numbers in its progress.
The matter of cholera, therefore, exists in nearly
every ill-conditioned population, and under unfa-
vourable circumstances, it assumes periodically the
active form ; which is diffusive, and travels far
from the centre of its origin.
An epidemic of cholera broke out in England in
the years 1831-2 ; another epidemic prevailed 17
years afterwards, or in 1848-9 ; and passing over
1853-4, we are at the end of another cycle of 17
years in 1865-6, threatened with an epidemic which
has already ravaged some of the unclean cities on
the shores of the Mediterranean.
The epidemic has generally begun in the autumn
of one year, and raged in the autumn of the year
following; but up to the present date there have
been no traces of the epidemic in England, which
may escape, with a slight visitation.

But against such an enemy no precaution should
be neglected ; an 1 the defences should be com-
menced, and completed without any delay.
The conditions on which this disease is fatal are
now well known ; and its causes and its progress in
the diarrhceal stage are more completely under con-
trol than those of any other epidemic. A supply of
pure water to every house ; drainage ; the abolition
of cesspools and of all accumulations of dirt; the
chemical destruction of choleraic matter (cholcrine)
—house to house medical treatment—do not exclude
the entrance of the poison into districts, but de-
prive it of nearly all its dangers.
The death of a man, aged 30 years, was caused
by " bronchitis, accelerated by exposure and desti-
tution." He died in the Ratcliff Workhouse.

The rate of mortality last week was 20 per 1,000
in London, 27 in Edinburgh, and 21 in Dublin ; 29
in Manchester, 30 in Salford, 21 in Birmingham, 26
in Leeds, 17 in Bristol, 33 in Hull, and 27 in Glas-
gow. The rate in Vienna was 27 per 1,000 during
the week ending the 19th ult., when the tempera-
turewasL4o.n4ddoeng: h
Fahrenheit
the
nlitrahitge was 20
higher than
piner 100.
the, game
week in
In Manchester the births 232, the deaths 195 ; in
Salford the births 86, the deaths 63 ; in Birming-
ham the births 219, the deaths 132 ; in Leeds the
births 162, the deaths 111; in Bristol the births
116 ; the deaths 52 ; in Hull the births 50, the
deaths 65 ; in Edinburgh the births 112, the deaths
89 ; in Glasgow the births 305, the deaths 216 ;
and in Dublin the births 123, the deaths 130.
There were 289 deaths in Vienna during the week
ending the 19th ult. The return from Liverpool
has not been received.

At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 29.956 in.

The mean temperature of the air was 61.4 deg.,
_ _

which is 2 deg. above the average of the same week

in 5.p years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher.) The
mean degree of humidity of the air was 78, com-
plete saturation being represented by 100. Only
the smallest amount of rain fell. But on Monday

there was much in the north of England.

The Herring Fishing•

DUNBAR, Sept. 4.—The herring fishing appears
to be at a close here, as none of the boats that came

inth this
ca
Aebomveacksi
extreYl.
fishing, with from sixteen to thirty dozens each,
which were readily sold to the buyers for the Eng-
lish markets at 3s. 6d. to 4s. per dozon.
boats tcaneoin itghis had
afternoon any
success.fm
WICK, Sept. 2.—The John o' Groat Journal Her-
ring Circular says :—." Our fishing, we regret to
say, has done nothing since our last publication,
and the season's average stands at the same figure
as in the Journal of Thursday-76i crans, making
a total catch for the season among 977 boats of
74,470 crans. This, though a very short fishing at
this advanced period of the season, is not unpa-
ralleled, for we had at this date only 68,000 crane
in 1852 ; 72,000 in 1862 ; and 65,000 in 1863.
There was no encouragement to the fishermen to
prosecute the fishing with spirit this week, owing
to the broken weather and dead tides ; but, as
most of them are engaged to fish till the Bth, we
have still another week with better pro-
spects, as the tides will be more favourable,
and appearances indicate that there is no
want of fish on the coast. Lybster is in the
same position as regards this week's fishing, not
a cran having been added to the general average,
which still stands at 74 crans for 206 boats. At
Helmsdale, the state of matters is still worse, the
fishing there being virtually over, and the crews
leaving with not more than half an average fishing.
At the stations on the Banff and Moray coasts the
fishing has proved very unsuccessful this week.
With the exception of Gardenstown, at which there
was a very heavy fishing—the average for Tuesday,
Wednesday, and Thursday being 15, and 18
10
crans respectively—there was absolutely. nothing
done, and there are indications that the fishing in
these districts is about over for the season. Markets.

were made of full crown brands at 315., and 245.
for crown spouts. On Thursday, with the appear-
-On Tuesday and Wednesday last some purchases
ance of no fishing, and the break-up on the Latheron
coast and Helmsdale, the price rose to 325. for full,
at which rate, on that and the following day, several
hundred barrels were bought. Offers of 245. for
spent were freely
made, but refused, and few would
sell now at either of the above prices. Some un-
branded full were sold at 31s. Gd. per barrel.
Various estimates are made of the quantity for sale
here, and we believe 10,000 barrels may be about
the figure, but there are orders in town to cover the
whole if they are to be had at reasonable rates.

THE RUSSIAN NAVY.—A Russian steam frigate
has put into Harwich harbour this week short of coal. The
frigate, which carries six guns, fell short of fuel when
within a few miles of Harwich, and in order to get up sufll.
dent steam to reach that port was compelled to burn nearly
every available article of furniture on board.

eskiv
1,1
as dear. The demand for brorc. agglfr4
inactive, and prices remainedkr.
change.
ROCHDALE, 4th. —To-day's flannemarket has
been rober more animated than has been usual of
..,t,Laudance being large of buyers who had
really business purposes in view. The sales have
been in the plain and fancy departments, but espe-
cially in the latter, without any appreciable change
in prices. There is again to-day a pretty good in-
quiry for Yorkshire goods of the best quality, but
the commoner sorts are very difficult of sale, even
after offers of concession by the sellers as to price.
The wool-market is firm, and price compels those
who are driven to make purchases to act with great
caution.