The Sun.
London, England, 1865-04-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 25, 1865.

I NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF " COUSIN GEOFFREY."
Just ready, in 3 vols., post Bvo.,
. _

AFAITHFUL WOMAN.
By the Author of " Crousin Geoffrey," &c.
Also now ready, in 3 vols.,
VIOLET OSBORNE. By LADY EMILY PoN-
130NRY.

Fcap. Bvo., neat cloth binding, 38. 6d.,

MANUALS ON PROPERTY.
By THOMAS MORRIS, Architect.

1. A CLUE TO RAILWAY COMPENSATION, the
Value of Estates, &c.
"Exceedingly cogent."—Railwdy Times.
2. A DISCOURSE UPON DILAPIDATIONS their
Nature and the Principles of Assessment succinctly de-
monstrated.
"Handy and c'early written."—Churchman,
"Compact and well arranged."—i utding\News.
Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., Stationers' Hall Court, E.C.

Just ready. price Is: 6d.,

MURRAY and CO.'S BOOK of INFORMA-
TION for RAILWAY TRAY ELL ERS, RAILWAY
OFFICIALS, &c., Illustrated with Anecdotes, by B•. Borth,
Sup G. W. Railway.
Murray and Co„ 13, Paternoster-row; and all booksellers
and railway bookstalls.

The BOOK of the DAY and EVERY MAN'S BOOK.
Just published, price is. 6d , by post, free, is. Bd.,

REVELATION of QUACKS and QUACKERY.
By DhTECTOR.

For notices of this startling work see the "Saturday Re•
view" of April 1, entitled "Quacks and Quackery ;" the
" Weekly Dispatch" of April e, " The Quacks and their
Crimes ;" "The Sun" of April 12, "'Detector's' Broadside
on Quacks and Quackery."

GUIDE TO THE QUACKS OF LONDON.
A Series of Papers relative to Quacks, which appeared in
the " Medical Circular," with the signature of "Detector,"
has been republished in the form of a short pamphlet. The
reader of " Punch" should read this pamphlet also. He has
often read, in the pages of "Punch," of certain Quacks, frau-
dulent and noisome, who obtain money by false pretences,
and more money by menaces and extortion, from green
young men. For their names, which " Punch" would not
advertise, he has referred his readers to the lower corner of
the advertising columns of low newspapers, amongst which
too many of Mr. '• Punch's" contemporaries, especially in the
country, may still be enumerated. But now he begs to pub-
lish the information that a nominal list of these ntiscreants,
with copies of their puffs and other particulars concerning
them, needful to be known, will be found in the pamphlet
above referred to, which is entitled " Revelations of Quacks
and Quackery," and is to be had at the "Medical Circular "
Office, 20, King William-street, Strand, W.C.
The vile practices, the monstrous impudence, the cruel
rapacity, and the enormous gains of the obscene tribe of
Quacks, the mischief they do, the ruin they work, even to
the causation of suicide, are sully set forth in " Revelations
of Quacks and Qackery." And mark especially that, as
aforesaid, the names of the Quacks are published. The
pamphlet in question thus constitutes a regular Quack Di-
rectory. by consulting which every young man may know
where he may go if he wishes to get plundered and destroyed.
::Buy, therefore, reader, by all means buy "Revelations of
Quacks and Quackery." Its contents will astonish and amuse
you, whi,e they invoke your indignation and disgust. 01
course you do not want it on account of its warnings for your
own sake, but you doubtless do for that of the many simple-
tons with whom you must be acquainted, it your acquaint-
ance is large. "Who are the Quacks that `Punch' means I"
Consider what it is to be able to answer this question of the
young and inexperienced, and, for charity's sake, if for no
other, go and provide yourself with "Revelations of Quacks
and Quackery," by Detector.—Punch, April 12.

Demy Bvo., extra cloth, 6s. 6d.,
LIFE : Its NATURE, VARIETIES, and
PHENOMENA. By LEO H. GRINDOII. Third
Edition.

" Mr. Grindon's book has reached, but will not stop at, the
third edition. It is the work of a scholar, a Christian, and a
man of real science."—Horning Herald.
" To those who delight in the exercise of their intellectual
powers, these very thoughtful and beautifully-written reflec-
tions will be a welcome boon, and the source long afterwards,
we may rest assured, of many fruitful meditations and plea-
sant memories." —Sun.

" The reader will find in it much thonzht and much read-
ing. There is plenty to think upon, plenty to study, plenty
to entertain."—lllustrated London News."

London: F. Pitman, 20, Paternoster-row, E.C,

Crown Bvo., cloth, 400 pages, price 55.,

HIDDEN
ASRPKREI .m cßh zterthe Rev. J.

"The sermons of Dr. Packer are especial y noticeable for
clearness of thought and language. All seems as if it were
written with a pencil of rght. . . . • Nature is every-
where in the ascendant, and hence its matchless force
There is no spealtin 4 for speaking's sake, no display of any
kind ; every word is an arrow directed to the mark."—Bri-
tish Standard.

London: F. Pitman, 20, Paternoster-row, B.C.

280 pp., cloth, lettered, price 30.,

ATEGETABLE COOKERY. Pastry, Pickling,
&o.

This volume supplies a want long felt. Cookery books
exist in abundance, but they relate alp ost exclusively to the
preparation of dishes from animal food. his work is devoted
entirely to the proper cooking of vegetable,i, to preserving,
pickling, the preparation of sauces, soups, beverages, &c., &c.,
and forms a complete treatise upon the subject. Vegetables,
fruits, &c., constitute tit, half of our daily food: here is an
essay upon the best possible preparation of this half.
London : F. Pitman, 20, Paternoster-row, E.C.

MUDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY.
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Purchasers of Books for Public or Private Libraries, Mer-
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of Bishop Blomfield—Stanley's Sermons in the East—King-
lake's Invasion of the Crimea—Life of Edward Irving—Our
Old Home—Howitt's History of the Supernatural —A Lady's
Visit to Manilla and Japan—Lowth's Wanderer in Western
France—Lord William Lennox's Biographical Reminiscences
- Earl Stanhope's Life of Pitt—Queen Mab—Rachel Ray
and more than One Thousani other Works of the past and
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CHARLES EDWARD MUDIE, New Oxford-street,
London.

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From its commencement great care has been taken to ren-
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Revised Lists of Works recently added to the Library, and
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New Oxford-street, London, April, 1864.

MUDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY.
FIRST-CLASS SUBSCRIPTION,
For a constant succession of the best New Books as they appear.
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SCIENTIFIC AND ORNAMENTAL PRESENTS.

ORNAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library,
aid Dining-room, consisting of a new and eLee.ant assort-
ment ,t VASES, Figures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks, Ink-
stands, -,eautiful inlaid Tables, Paper weights, &c., in Italian,
Alabas er, Parian, Marble, Bronze, Derbyshire Spa, Arc.
Imported and manufactured by JAMES TENNANT, Mine-
ralogist to her Majesty, 149, Stand, W.C., London.

Mr. Tennant arranges elementary collections of ROCKS,
&I INERALS, and FOSSILS, to illustrate the new edition
of Lyell's Elements of Geology; they will greatly tacilitate
the interesting study of MINERALOGY and GEOLOGY,
and can be had at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to 100 guineas each.
PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GEOLOGY and MINE-
RALOGY is given by Mr. TENNAN r. at 149. Strand W.C.

XTOTHING IMPOSSIBLE. The greatest and
LI most useful invention of the day, A GIJA A MARELL A.
Messrs. JOHN GOSNELL and CO., 12, Three King-court,
Lombard-street, London, Perfumers to her Majesty, respect
fully offer to the public this truly marvellous fluid. which
gradually restores the human hair to its pristine hue--no
matter at what age. The Agua Amarella has none of the
properties of dyes ; it, on the contrary, is beneficial to the
system, and when the hair is once restored one application
per month will keep it in perfect colour. Price one guinea per
bottle, or in half bottles, 10s. 63. Testimonials from artistes
of the highest order, and from Individuals of undoubted re-
spectability, may be seen on application. Messrs. John
Gosnell and Co. have been appointed Perfumers to her Royal
Highness the Princess of Wales.

TOHN GOSNELL and CO.'S CHERRY
ej TOOTH-PAST: is greatly superior to any tooth
Powder: :rives the teeth a pearl whiteness, protects the
enamel from decay, and imparts a pleasant fragrance to the
the breath. Price Is. al.-12, Three King-court, Lombard-
street, London.

ARMY CONTRACTS.
Commissariat Office, Aldershot, April 9, 1865.
TENDERS will be received at this Office, until 12 o'clock
(noon) on Wednesday, 26th April, 1865, from persons who
may be willing to enter into CON T RACTS for the supply of
FLOUR (Ration and Hospital), AND MEAT,
in such quantities as may be required, from Ist Juno to 30th
November, 1865, for the Ilse of her Majesty s Forces stationed
at Aldershot Camp, and within the command.
These being three distinct Contracts, separate Tenders are
required for each description of Flour and for Meat.
Forms of' Tender and Conditions of Contract may be ob-
tained on application at th s office, by letter addressed to the
Senior Commissariat Officer, or in person, between the hours
of ten and four o'clock.
The Tenders must be properly filled up, signed, and deli-
vered at this office (under closed
,envelope, marked on the
outside "Tender for Army Supplies '), by the hour appointed,
and no Tender will be noticed that shall not be in compliance
with then conditions.

APHOTOGRAPHIC CURIOSITY.—
With a copy of THE SUN Newspaper is presented
GRATIS (with a Supplement) a 3IINIATURE PHOTO-
GRAPHED FAC-SIMILE of the FRONT PAGE of THE
SUN of MONDAY, the 2d January, 18,55.
*** For the convenience of Subscribers wishing' to pre-
serve the Photograph a suitable frame Is provided, and may
be had at " The Sun" Office. Price ls.
The Photograph, on card, mounted in frame, Is 6d.

RYSTAL PALACE.-NOW VISIT THE
‘..) PAL ACE.— Delightful Spring Appearance of Gardens
an3l'Prk. Nature in earl' beauty.

pRYSTAL PALACE.—The AMUSEMENTS
provided for the Easter Holidays having proved so at-
tractive and amusing, particularly to children, they will be
continued from Tuesday to Friday, when they must positively
terminate.

Under the direction of Mr. Nelson Lee,. the Martinetto
Brothers, and tr e I unny little Grimaldi, in their clever per-
formances ; and the very laughable pantomimic Ballet by the
Lauri Family will be continued daily.
The IN izard of the North and Miss Anderson, also for the
above four days only, in their " World of Magic and Second
Sight" in the Concert•room. Admission. Sixpence.
These additional attractions cannot be continued after
Friday.

Skaiing Hall, Chinese Collection, Chimpanzee, Bowls,
Archery, Cricket, boa+ s, etc.
Doors open at 'Ten. One Shilling ;.• Children, Sixpence.

GREAT HA.NDEL FESTIVAL. NUMBERED
STALLS at 'the Crystal Palace and at 2, Exeter Hall.
The alterations in the Corner Galleries were completed and
tested on Good Friday, with the most satisfactory results.
Hundreds of additional excellent seats arc now at disposal.
The Side Galleries and the front rows of raised seats, S and
SS, will also be on ;ante. Sets, Two-and-a-half Guineas ;
Single Tickets, One Guinea.
REHEARSAL—Friday, June 23.

A limited number of Admission Tickets will be issued
this day at Five Shillings. When these are sold the price
will be raised to Seven shillings and Sixp lace, or by pay-
ment on the day Ten Shillings and Sixpence.
Centre blocks of numbered reserved seats, C and CC, and
G and GG, for this Rehearsal, Five Shillings each. The seats
on the se blocks will be arranged tile same as on the Festival
days. Early application essentiai.
Full particulars of E.:fairsion Trains from distant parts,
including admission to this Great Rehearsal, will be duly
announet d.

Cheques and Post-office Orders payable to George Grove.

THE NEW SEASON TICKET will admit
on Saturday next. •

Mvcrrripto9earpov.
. _ _ .

•
EGYPTIAN HALL, PICCADILLY
(THE LATE ALBERT SMITH'S ROOM).
OPEN EVERY NIGHT at Eight, and Saturday after-
noonl at Three, with Colonel STODARE'S entirely New
AGIC and VENTRILOQUISM.
Entertainment, ;1'
Stalls, 35.; Area, 25.; Gallery, Is.
A. NI3IMO, Acting Manager.

HR. and Mrs. GERMAN REED, with Mr.
JOHN PARRY. will appear in their new entertain-
ment, entitled A PECULIAR. FAMILY, by William
Brough. New scenery by T. and W. Grieve. To conclude
with AIRS. ROSELEAF AT THE SEASIDE, by Mr. John
Parry. Every Evening, except Saturday, at 8. Wednesday
and Saturday afternoons, at 3. ROYAL GALLERY OF
ILLUSTRATION, 14, Regent-street.

Unreserved seats, is., 2s. ; stalls, Zs. ; stall chaits, ss. May
be secured in advance, without lee, at the Gallery.
OPERA DI CAMERA, every Tuesday and Thursday
at 3, and Saturday at S.

T HE O X FORD,
6, OXFORD STREET, W.

The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).
ORPHEY: AUX ENFERS, FAUST, and LA CIRCAS-
SU:NNE will be performed during this week. Principal
artistes : —Mons. Lavessiere, Signor Spagnoli, M. Marini, Mr.
Green, and Misses Ellison and Barrie, with full Band and
Chorus, conducted by Mr. F. Jonghmans.
Comedy, by Mr. George Hodson (the celebrated Comedian
and Mimic), W. Randall, Little Bob, Miss Kate Balte, Les
Freres Talliott, the Grotesque, D'Aubans, Madame Rams-
den, and Les Freres Stonette.

Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
Every Evening at Half-past Seven. Admission—area, 6d.;
stalls and balcony, is.; private boxes, 10s. 6d.

CANTERBURY HALL
The Oxford, and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).
HODG.E PODGE,
(According to Act of Parliament).
CANTERBURY HALL.—EVERY EVENING
at half-past Nine o'clock.
In addition to the other attractions of this wonderful
establishment.

VASTER HOLIDAYS.—Mdme. TUSSAUD'S
EXHIBITION. Established 30 years, at the Bazaar,
Baker-street.

A full-length Portrait model, life-size, of the late
RICHARD COBDEN, M.P., taken during the period of the
Great Anti-Corn Law League Agitation, may be seen in the
Hall of Kings.

NEW ADDITIONS.—ModeIs, life-size, of the YOUNG
KING of GREECE, and MURRAY, who was Regent of
Scotland in the time of Mary Queen of Scots.
Open from 11 a.m. till 10 p.m.
• Admittance, One Shilling; Extra Rooms, Sixpence.

ARGYLL ROOMS.—NOTICE.—RE-
ENGAGE WENT of J. LEVY, the celebrated Paga-
nini Cornet-a-Piston, will appear EVEItY EVENING, at
Nine, Ten. and Eleven o'clock, and perform on Biotin's
Patent Light-Valve Cornet.
Conductor—M. LUIGI CUETI.
Manager—AL GRENET.

DR. SCOTT'S LIVER AND BILIOUS
PIL LS.—A NEVER FAILING REMEDY.—Pre-
,aren without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr.
Scott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who
mffer from bilious and liver complaints, indigestion, wind,
.pasms, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, &o. For habitual
'ostiveness, as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier
:4 the blood, they are truly excellent; mild in their opera-
tion and grateful to the stomach, they create appetite, pro-
mote digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system.
sold by W. Lambert, 8, King William-street, Charing-cross.
London, and by most druggists, in boxes.ls. lid., and three
times the quantity in one, 2s. 9d. Be sure to ask for Dr.
S iott's Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square
green
stamp. Package. with " William Lambert," engraved on the

LEVEL RAILWAY CROSSlNGS.—Yesterday an in-
quiry was held by Mr. C. J. Carttar, coroner for Kent,
at the Bell Inn, Sydenham, respecting the death of Emma
Chant, aged 47 years. Tho deceased was the wife of a gar-
dener living at 5, Crown-place, Bell-green, and on Thursday
last she proceeded with a friend and two children to the
Lower Sydenham station to come up to town. It was neces-
sary for her to cross the line to get her tickets at the
booking-office. Upon coming back to her companions she
was run down by the express train and cut to pieces.
Mr. Magnus Morehen, C.E., said that he crossed just after
the deceased to get a ticket, and as ho saw a train coming
up he asked for his ticket in haste, thinking that it was the
up-train for London. The station-master who gave him the
ticket, however, said, " Oh, that is a special train ; you
must not cross." The witness immediately afterwards saw
the deceased knocked down. There was a down-train at
the platform just previously, and the deceased was pre-
vented by it from seeing the express coming along. She
began to cross as soon as the down-train moved on from
the platform. Mr. James Hyde, station-master at Lower
Sydenham, said that he had closed his window and gone
on to the platform (whence he saw the express approach-
ing) ; the deceased applied to him for a ticket, but he cau-
tioned her, saying, " Don't cross, the up-express is com-
ing." The Coroner said that a caution that an engineer
would understand would bo quite unintelligible to a
woman knowing nothing about " up" and "down" ex-
presses. It was evident she imagined when the down train
moved on that the line was safe. The witness said that he
could not help that. The Coroner said that he could have
helped it. He should have seen that she did not cross. The
witness said that he had to deliver the tickets to the pas-
sengers, and he had only one junior porter (a lad of 17) to
assist him ;ho could not be in two places at once. The
Coroner said that thero ought to be a bridge for the cross-
ing. Tho witness said that would bo of no use, for the
passengers all came at the last moment for their tickets,
and they would not have time to cross the bridge ; they
would cross the metals. It would never do to offend
the passengers by refusing tickets for a minute before
trains were expected to come up. It was proved that when
deceased was already on the line a signal-man (the porter
was collecting tickets) called out to her, but she did not
hear him. The jury returned a verdict, " That deceased
was killed by a certain express train on the Mid-Kent Rail-
way, but that no person or persons wilfully caused her
death, and they recommended that a foot-bridge should be
erected to save the passengers from the danger of crossing
on the metals." The same Coroner held an inquest at the
Foresters' Tavern, Forest-hill, on the remains of John
Hayward, aged 54 years. The deceased was a porter in the
employ of the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway
Company, at Forest-hill station.. He had been in the com-
pany's service 23 years, but was only a week at the station
in question. On Friday last Charles Stanford, a ticket
collector, and the deceased proceeded to cross the line as a
down train was expected at the further platform. The
station is a double one, there being a platform in the
centre, having two lines of metals on either side. The
witness saw the Dover express coming, and he shouted to
deceased " Make haste, Dover express up." The deceased
jumped on the centre platform, and escaped the Dover
express, but he then jumped down on the further line of
metals, and was instantly
in struck and cut to pieces by
another up-express, belonging to the South-Eastern Com-
pany. Stanford Was the act of jumping too when he
caught sight of the express ; he threw himself down on
the platform, and thus saved his life, the engine actually
touching his trousers. There was a tunnel for passengers
at this station to cross by, but the servants of the company
always crossed on the level. The express engine did not
whistle according to the rule. The jury returned a verdict
" That deceased was killed by being run over by an express
train, and not by the wilful act of any person or persons
whatever."

THE LATE LION KILLER !—A subscription hav-
ing been set on foot to relieve the aged mother of the late
Jules Gerard, it has met with so much success that the
poor old lady has been enabled to quit the house of cha-
rity at Nice, and rent a small home of her own. Some
11,000 f. have been collected for the grandmother and
grandchildren.

THE EVACUATION OF RICHMOND•

(From the Times' 'special Southern Correspondent.)
NEW YORK, April 11.

Consunzmatum est. After a siege unparalleled in
the annals of modern warfare ; after enduring con-
version from a little country town officered by six
policemen into a frowning camp girdled with 40 miles
of earthworks and defended by tens of thousands of
men ; after inscribing its name as one of the most
famous of beleaguered cities indelibly upon the page
of history ; after 'demanding for its reduction a
period of no less than 1,452 days, or in other words
compelling Mr. Seward 17 times to renew his 90-
day bill ; after exacting at least a quarter of a mil-
lion lives spent in assaulting or defending it ; after
adding to its beautiful cemetery 50,000 new graves;
after seeing its tobacco warehouses converted into
loathsome prisons, its manufactories creating no-
thing but war material, its ironworks changed into
cannon foundries, its public edifices into depart-
mental bureaux, its men turned into soldiers, and
women almost without exception into mourners ;
after an expenditure upon its attack and defence
of a weight of iron and lead hardly inferior to
that of every building which its streets contained
—Richmond has fallen. Nor can it be pretended
that in the mind of those who have for some
months been behind the scenes in the Confederate
capital any other feeling rises at this moment so
prominently as astonishment that Grant's multitu-
dinous hosts, with all the vast resources of the North
available at City Point, and poured into :their lap
by railroads stretching along Grant's lines, should
for nearly ten months have been held at bay by Lee's
ragged veterans, shrunken in numbers, scantily sup-
plied with food or clothing, tethered down to lines in
which the winter's frost, the summer's vertical sun,
the rain, dew, or snow had, without the stimulus of
coffee or spirits, or even of adequate food, to be un-
complainingly endured, and finally, dispirited by the
thought that all the valour which had so long baffled
the army of Grant had served but to bring upon
their backs the auxiliary army of Sherman.
It is far too early in these passionate times to enter
into a disquisition accounting for the events of the
2d and 3d of April. It is obvious that the causes
which led to them must have been manifold and di-
versified, and in some cases so subtle and mysterious
as to defy human analysis. But, speaking broadly
and briefly, I believe that the failure thus far of the
insurrection may be attributed to three principal
causes—first, and most materially, to the failure of
Johnston and the Western army to keep Sherman
out of Atlanta in the same manner as Lee and the
Eastern army kept Grant out of Petersburg and
Richmond ; secondly, to the imbecility of the Con-
federate Houses of Congress ; thirdly, and finally,
to the inherent weakness of President Davis's Go-
vernment, and to the inability or indisposition
evinced by him or General Lee to assume, at any
risk, the dictatorial powers which a jealous and
short-sighted Congress denied to either, but which
are alone adapted to the successful management of
revolutions. Reserving some further reflections
upon the philosophy of this revolution for a future
occasion, I desire at once to state that, without in
the least undervaluing the admirable tenacity of
Grant, the eager, impulsive earnestness of Sherman,
the soldierly qualities of Meade, and the valour
generally of the Federal armies, it is my deliberate
conviction that Lee has been defeated more from
the rear than from the front, and that nothing
but the possession of the very highest personal attri-
buties by its commander has averted from his army
the crushing blow which, according to all human
foresight, ought to have overtaken it some six
months sooner.

I have long known that the continued tenure of
the Confederate lines around Petersburg and Rich-
mond by Lee's army was felt by Mr. Davis, by
Generals Lee and Breckinridge, and by every other
wise military head, to be a grievous blunder. But
to withdraw from those lines, with the Virginia roads
two feet deep in mud, and with Lee's artillery horses
reduced in number and weak from inanition, while
Grant commanded not only any amount of horse-
flesh, but illimitable supplies of forage to feed them,
was obviously impossible. Not only were the Con-
federate artillery horses half-starved, but the Con-
federate cavalry, from want of forage in the Rich-
mond and Petersburg lines, had almost ceased to
exist. Add to this that the shortness of ration oc-
casioned such desertions from the Confederate ranks
as have never previously been remembered ; that in
the month of February alone General Lee reported
the desertion of no less than 1,200 of his choicest
veterans, and it will be seen that the further tenure
of Richmond and Petersburg by Lee's army has
long been felt to be a question not so much of weeks
as of days. Nevertheless, Generals Lee and Long-
street, and many others of their gallant associates,
continued to maintain an undaunted front, in the
hope of some possible political turn in their favour
either at the North or in Europe, and with but faint
expectation that if General Lee should ever be forced
from his lines he would be enabled to keep together
any such organised body of men as could be dignified,
with the name of an army. I may here mention
that if General Sheridan had been able some few
weeks ago to get across the swollen James River
between Lynchburg and Richmond, and to swoop
dawn upon the Danville Railroad, he would probably
have met with little or no opposition, and that the
end would have come some 40 or 50 days earlier.
Upon the afternoon of Saturday, April 1, Rich-
mond, long familiar with the sights and sounds of
war, wore its usual look of unconscious security, and
there were but few persons acquainted with the fact
that Sheridan, with some 6,000 or 8,000 cavalry,
supported by Warren's corps of infantry and artil-
lery, was at work upon General Lee's right, that
he was opposed only by a handful of Confederate
cavalry, and that momentous events were probably
at hand. It should be mentioned that for some days
prior to the opening of April Grant had been mass-
ing troops on his extreme left, near Hatcher's Run,
and that Lee had been compelled to mass corres-
pondingly on his own extreme right. But, in
addition to massing on his left, Grant had with-
drawn all his troops, save two small divisions,
from the north of James River and from the
Bermuda Hundred lines, and had placed them
opposite to General A. P. Hill's corps, at a spot
where, in the immediate neighbourhood of Peters-
burg, it was known that the Confederate lines were
weakly manned. It was not until Saturday, the Ist,
that Gen. Lee discovered that Gen. Ord and his
troops had been withdrawn from the north side, and
that he set to work also to bring Gen. Longstreet
and most of his men across the river to the south
side. My impression is that before Longstreet had
taken position near Petersburg, the Federal attack
of Sunday morning, conducted by Generals Wright
and Ord, had been successfully delivered. Be that
as it may, at 5 upon the morning of Sunday, the 2d,
the Federals swept forward in a fine broad front, and
ran fairly over A. P. Hill's weak lines of defence.
Onward, right onward, the Federals eagerly pressed,
until they got into the immediate neighbourhood of
General Lee's headquarters. I believe that in one
or two spots the Confederates, and especially
Mahone and Gordon, succeeded in re-establiiihing
their lines, but the fact remained that a broad belt
of the Confederate earthworks, including four or
five important forts, was in Grant's possession, and
General Lee immediately saw that the evacuation
of Petersburg, and consequently of Richmond, was
inevitable. He telegraphed at once to Richmond,
desiring that everything necessary for its instant
evacuation should be done (your readers will have
gathered that the first steps towards its evacuation
were taken two months ago), and announcing that
the enemy would probably enter and take posses-
sion the following morning at daybreak. Upon the
arrival of Gen. Lee's despatchin Richmond President
Davis was occupying his accustomed seat during
morning service in the Church of St. Paul's, inwhich
church, served by the same clergyman, the Prince of
Wales
attended divine service
_upon the occasion

PRICE 4d
S TAMP ED sd.

of his visit to Richmond, and the President was
surrounded by a congregation, of - which the
fairer portion was, as usual, arrayed with an
elegance which has long been an unfailing source of
wonder to those who reflect upon Richmond's four
years of blockade. Suddenly the sexton, approach-
ing President Davis, handed to him a paper, which
was slowly perused. Rising from his seat with
singular gravity and deliberation, Mr. Davis left the
church, and immediately afterwards several promi-
nent citizens were by the same sexton summoned to
follow him. It will be believed that the excitement
among those who remained was at its highest, but
it was remarked by sly observers that the excellent
clergyman, who has endeared himself to his con-
gregation by four years of brave and hearty sym-
pathy with their trials, did not omit to make
the usual collection--possibly with the design of
impressing upon his congregation that nothing
unusual had happened, possibly to give credit
to a currency from which all felt that every
semblance of value was passing away. The congre-
gation was not slow to disperse, and quickly from
mouth to mouth flew the sad tidings that in a few
hours Richmond's long and gallant resistance would
be over. The scene that followed baffles description.
During the long afternoon and throughout the
feverish night, on horseback, in every description
of cart, carriage, and vehicle, in every hurried train
that left the city, on canal barges, skiffs, and boats,
the
,exodus of officials and prominent citizens was
unintermitted. About Bin the evening President
Davis, accompanied by all the members of his
Cabinet, except General Breckenridge, started by
an express train for Danville, with a view to await
further tidings there, and thence to proceed and
form, if possible, the nucleus of a fresh Government
at Charlotte, in North Carolina. Up to the hour
of their departure from Richmond I can testify that
Mr. Davis and the three most prominent members
of his Cabinet went undauntedly forth to meet the
future, not without hope that General Lee would
be able to hold together a substantial remnant of
his army, and to effect a junction with General
Johnston. That hope, your readers are aware, has
been disappointed, nor shall I now attempt to gauge
the future history of those 10 or 11 vast provinces
which are still in heart as rebellious as ever, but of
which the organised resistance seems for the mo-
ment beaten down.

It will be believed that during that memorable
night there was no sleep in Richmond. In front of
every Government bureau, of every auditor's office,
around the Capitol, and upon each side of Capitol-
square, the glare of vast piles of burning papers
turned night into day. As the night wore away
the tramp of Kershaw's division, and of Custis
Lee's local Militia was heard. in the streets, and it
was felt that as the last men were now withdrawn
from the north side there was no longer any-
thing to interpose between Richmond and the
enemy. As the first streak of dawn heralded the
approach of day, several tremendous explosions
seemed to shake every building in Richmond to its
foundations. As I walked up between 5 and 6 in the
morning of Monday, the 3d, to catch the early train
upon the Fredericksburg Railroad, a vast column of
dense black smoke shot into the air, a huge, rum-
bling, earthquake-like reverberation rent the ground,
and the store of gunpowder garnered in the city
magazine passed out of existence. As the eye ranged
backwards along the James River, several bright jets
of flame in the region of Pearl and Cary streets au-
gured the breaking forth of that terrible conflagration
which subsequently swept across the heart of the city.
As the train moved off from the Fredericksburg depot
about 6 o'clock I parted with Mr. Conolly, the mem-
ber for Donegal, who had passed a month in Rich-
mond, and was upon this eventful morning still un-
decided whether to follow Gen. Lee's army or to
strike northwards like myself. About half-an-hour
after my departure Gen. Breckenridge, one of the
last passengers who traversed the already blazing
railroad bridge over the James River, started to re-
join his colleagues. About two hours after my eyes
rested for the last time upon the dingy old Capitol
under whose shadow I have passed so many hours,
the Stars and Stripes floated in triumph from its
rebellious roof. The scene which upon that Monday
morning greeted the incoming Federals will not soon,
I imagine, be obliterated from their memory. Upon
the edge of the roaring crackling flames, larcenous
negroes, crazy Irishwomen, in a word, all the
dangerous classes of Richmond (many of them
infuriated and made reckless by whisky, of which
hundreds of barrels had been emptied into the
streets), danced, and dived into cellars and into
the open and undefended doors of warehouses,
plying their search after plunder, with the
howls of demoniacs. Thousands of hogsheads of
tobacco, and among them, I believe, the ware-
houses which contained the French tobacco, which
has so long been a subject of diplomatic discussion
between Mr. Seward, Mr. Benjamin, and the Em-
peror's Government, added to the volume of the
flames. Never might Prospero's words, " Hell is
empty, and all the devils are here," have been more
appositely spoken. It was a scene unparalleled,
believe, even among the ghastly revelations of this
war.