The Sun.
London, England, 1862-07-31 00:00:00

TliE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY ILVENING, JULY 31, 1862.

It is a very easy course to treat such a question
as our present and future relation to Canada as one
which may be settled by a stroke of the pen, or a
smart, off-hand sentence ;—the misfortune is, that
such a mode of settlement really settles nothing.
It merely represents one, generally obvious, view
of the case, ar.d complacently passes over—
" ignores" is the word now-a-days—many other
views, equally important, though some of them
may be less obvious. Mr. ADDERLEY does not care
much to keep the colony—Mr. ROEBUCK would
evidently like to give her notice to quit; at least,
to let her know that NVP do not care a straw to keep
her. He wants " the Canadians to understand
that England would not be sorry to see them de-
part from her to-morrow ; they do us no good, at
least no more than New York; they do not even
receive our manufactures, and they treat us like
aliens." Even the most thoughtful and best read
man in our Cabinet, if not in the House of Com-
mons, Sir G. C. LEWIS, "looks forward without
apprehension and without regret to the time when
Canada may become an independent State," though
he does not think "England should cast Canada
loose, or send her adrift, before she has acquired
sufficient strength to assert her own indepen-
dence." As to the Regius Professor of History at
Oxford, he, of course, would rejoice to see our co-
lonies all set up for themselves.
Both the present Leader of the House and its
ex-Leader, however, take very different views of
the subject. Mr. DISRAELI" thinks that a great
empire, founded on sound principles of freedom
and equality, is as conducive to the spirit and
power of the community, and as valuable as com-
mercial prosperity or military force; and, there-
fore, he would be very sorry under the present
circumstances, after all that has occurred, to sup-
pose that the connexion between the mother
country and this important colony should end."
Lord PALMERSTON, who followed Mr. DISRAELI on
Friday, entirely agreed with him on this point. He
said—" I quite concur in thinking that we should
look upon our colonies as part and parcel of the
British empire. Our fellow-subjects when they
remove from this country do not cease to be our
fellow-subjects; their spirit is the same as outs;
their interests should be our interests; we should
be each to one another a source of mutual honour
and mutual strength. I also quite concur with the
right hon. gentleman in wishing that the day may
be far distant when, from various causes, those
great communities may deem it to be their inteiest
to separate from us, because I do not think such a
course would conduce to their benefit, while I feel
assured it would not tend to the advantage of the
Mother country."
There can be no doubt that all the views just
mentioned, as expressed in the House of Commons,
are fairly representative of opinions outside of it.
That the immediate cause of the late debates should
be the commencement of a separation between us
and the colony, no one could wish. By all means
let not the separation be made in an undignified
squabble, or in any way which should gender in
the minds of the new born nation the miserably
splenetic temper of Yankees towards their mother-
country. The defence question is one to be settled
by fair conference between ourselves and Canada.
Where we think Lord GREY, Mr. ADDERLEY, Mr.
ROEBUCK, and those who think with them are

...
likely to err is, in not allowing the Cdnadiins.. to
form an independent judgment on what
amount of defence they need. Under Lord

PALMERSTON'S inspiration, our Legislators

have been almost defence crazy ; the)
seem to forget that the Canadians have no panic

orators in their Parliament; and that they may have
the best grounds for thinking invasion a very re-

mote danger. The affair of the Trent was an im

perial one, but we cannot expect them to be

guessing the probabilities of England provoking a
war with the Federals. Canadians know that

they themselves have no intention to do it. They
know, too, that a victorious North, with a South to
garrison, would have quite enough on its hands
without troubling them ; and that, in the other
case, an exhausted North, weary with a long
Rtiuggle and overwhelmed with debt, would be in
uino condition to attack Canada,with an English fleet
no.. bick ground. Canadians not having lis•
must ut least giving f
tl,
purotbab.yl ears past to alarmist oratory, and, seeing 1
furore aboute "e4IY
notion that, tobeir
(hte
the Jewish workra,
hand and a trowel in
hilt of its sword, or Canadians time to imbibe the
the
standing the after dinner
near, do not understand all the I
which has seized us here. We
eP7dent, a nation must live like
the
Canadians
M
oldh, with a dagger in one
its
aer, with its hand on the
talk of
fired. Notwith-
standing
of
Montreal, xra have no doubt that
are
thoroughly Willirq t do all
.that its Ilettiful for

! at the feelings lurking in GARIBALDI's
great, but stormy, and misguided heart—feel-
ings now so passionately blurted out in words
i that are suggestive of nothing, if they are not Bug=
ls
that G Ami Bf ANL DA
}.l
OkLn
Eo
:Ns
mgensttnivdeioeftiWnnatrlyanthdaßneavnoyluotifonn
has unwittingly given him and his Garibiudians
oefore now their opport unity—of which opportunity
hey have ever hitherto so marvellously availed
hemselves—His MAJESTY has beheld GARIBALDI
working out " his" destiny with anything rather
• r Lan with sympathy. Every step that GARIBALDI
ries taken in advance, he has taken in advance
• in spite of the French EMPEROR. Sicily
ind Naples were liberated iu his despite.
Genoa was quitted, Marsala was gained,
he Bourbon troops were fought and conquered at
Calataficni, Naples was entered by GARIBALDI and his
oersonal attendants—in very despite of the Emperor
NAPOLEON 111. Worst of all, GARIBALDI remem-
bers full well, is never likely to forget to the hour
of his death, that to the " lust of empire," to the
greed of territorial aggrandizement lurking in the
heart and brain of NAPOLEON 111. are owing the
pitiful shuffling into that monarch's power of his
G
own
birthplace and fellow-coun-
tryamiteinu—ALsrsv
i'so)y and the Savoyards. The wonder
(a
thatishenha: nowatt spoken
p
is not
spetahkaitag GoAultt:BbAuLtDt
onuOltdltyhuslainly long ago ! That is our only
real- wonder in regard to the impetuous
words now being uttered from day to day
by GARIBALDI. Knowing the matchless audacity
of the man, and knowing equally well how long
and agonisingly he has been deceived and thwarted
by the tortuous policy of the French EMPEROR,
who can marvel that—while still protest-
ing his loyal'y to the interests of VICTOR
EMMANUEL—GARIBALDI should evince a readiness
at length not merely to cast a look askance,
but to hold out a hand of fellowship towards MAZ-
ZINI and his followers.? It is the last stage of their
struggle that the Italians are now manifestly
about to enter upon. Well will it be for the per-
manence of the happy issue of that fast approach-
ing contest, if these 25,000,000 Italians look
henceforth confidingly for their Liberation, not to
the specious magnanimity of the French EMPEROR,
not to the prowess and ambition of their own
Soldier KING, not to t`le crafty intellect of MAZ
ZINI, not even to the heroism of GARIBALDI, but
simply and solely, reverently and manfully, to GOD
and to themselves.

their military defence. They see no danger just
now; their finances are in a bad state, iht.,y wanted
to get rid at once of a bad and costly militia bill,
and a bad ministry too, they effected both at a
stroke—and to give themselves financial breathing
time, they are content with militia and volunteers
to the number of 23,000. And who shall say that,
by next summer, they will not be quite as safe, as
.f they had complied with Lord PALMERSTON'S
notion, and embarrassed themselves with the cost
of 100,000 militia ? If so they will have saved the
heavy cost ; and will have time to think deliberately
Lefore they incur it.

Lord MONCK, who is on the spots does not think
the Canadians will fail in their duty. He spoke
thus, with applause, to the citizens of Montreal:—
, "I am perfectly satisfied, from the spirit I have
witnessed among the people, and the exertions
which with their limited means they have made to
put themselves in a position of defence, that they
will not be found wanting should the day of danger
lunhappily arrive. (Applause.) Gentlemen, what
I should wish to impress upon Canadians is this,
not that they should raise a standing army, or en-
gage in any large expenditure, but that they should
take such measures as will enable them in a sudden
emergency to put forth their strength to meet any
attack. (Applause.) I speak in the presence of a great
mercantile community, and I only ask you to take
the common precaution of every merchant in the
case of venture to insure against risk or loss. But,
gentlemen, the insurance which I ask you to effect
has this advantage over the ordinary commercial
transaction, that not only will you repair loss should
it take place, but in all probabi:ity the moral effect
produced by the insurance will prevent the risk
ever taking place." (Applause.) These, we may be
confident, are the real sentiments of Canadians.
They do not think the subject presses this year, but
they cherish no unmanly wish to be independent
by relying on British arms, as well as on our Navy,
whose aid all are willing to furnish.
As to the general question we share rather Lord
PALMERSTON'S and Mr. DISRAELI'S feelings than
those of the other speakers. We would not retain
the connection one hour longer than the Canadians
wished—but we should much prefer that it should.
be long before they wished to break it. We should
least of all relish their becoming the twentieth State
of a Northern federation, We believe they
do not covet that doubtful honour. They remain
Royalist rather than Republican, and see little in the
twenty millions of Northern Sovereigns to lead them
to prefer increasing their number to twenty-three
millions. They know better than we do that where

every man is his own Sovereign, every man &so
must surrender his liberty to a hard, domineering
majority of Sovereigns. And for their sakes, and
for ours, we hope the Canadians will long prefer
the hereditary sovereignty of one to the quadrennial
election of a supreme magistrate, with all the inter-
vening four years of corrupt plotting to instal him.

A letter yesterday from Mr. P. SAUNDERS,
" late Cotton Commissioner," confirms from pf r-
, sonal experience so strongly the advice we have
often tendered to the Manchester manufacturers,
that we can but call attention to the testimony of
such an authority. Like us, he was struck with
the thoughtless applause awarded to Mr. COBDEN
when with his unadorned eloquence he maintained
that it was nct the manufacturer's business to
grow cotton, any more than a miller's to grow
corn. He, too, remarks on the irrelevance of
the illustration. The Manchester man is not
asked to grow, but to buy cotton—only, if through
any cause he cannot buy it in Liverpool, we main-
tain that it is his business to buy it where he can.
If the London miller could not get the corn he
wanted in Middlesex markets he wou!d soon hare
his agents in Wakefield, or even in New York or
Chicago. We have all along only maintained that
they ought in this emergency to have their agents
in every cotton growing district in India.
Now, what says Mr. SAUNDERS ? Precisely the
same from personal observation, as we have
gathered from numerous other sources. His is, at
least, not second knowledge. He has seen the
shrewd ryot in his own fields, so late as last May ;
he questioned him on the subject, and what is the
Indian's answer ? " Sahib, we hear of high prices,
lilt there are no buyers or contractors here ; when
the sahibs want indigo or sugar, or oilseed, they
come among us and build factories (kothees), and
make advances and contracts; but in the case
of cotton, which is said to be so much wanted,
there is not a single sahib buyer or contrac-

tor. There is something wrong. We won't
grow more than we want for ourselves, or our native

merchants."

Is the Ryot wrong? He knows nothing about
political economy and free trade principles; but he
knows by experience that if the European sahibs
want an article he can grow, and are sure they can
command a price for it when grown, he is sure to
see them near him, offering him every facility. Had
Manchester been wise in time, had it sent forth its
agents in adequate numbers at the time of cotton
p:anticg with advances, and prices, and simple
apparatus, it would have supplied its mills at a far
less cost than it will now incur for poor-rates. It
would have merely had to extend some way further
the operation of the very principle which takes its
agents to the Liverpool Cotton Market. That is all.
We acknowledge that the mode of purchasing would
be somewhat diverse, but surely not too much so for
the intelligence of Lancashire.

Every master cotton worker in the North will,
however, see Mr. SAUNDERS' letter. It is, as he
observes, too late to increase the area of cotton cul-
tivation this year, but it is not too late to establish
agencies at once, and to secure what may be obtained
of this year's crop, and to prepare for a large increase
next year. Will the manufacturers be so perfunc-
tory as to make no effort of this kind. If the great
body of them cannot be moved, will no individuals
come forward, put themselves in communicatio❑

with :Mr. SAUNDERS, and others competent to give
them the practical information required, and by
leading the way in supplying their own factories,
show all what each may do. It wants but a brgin.
ning ; only for the sake of a starving population it
will be matter of deep regret if Manchester cannot
originate, at once, an extensive cotton agency in
Inland India.

HER MAJESTY'S VISIT TO GERMANY.
Her Majesty the Queen and the Princesses and younger
Princes will, upon their return from Scotland, proceed
upon the Ist of eptember aoroad. Her Majesty will pay
a sari, tly private visit to the King of the Lelgiatis for two
or three days, and will subsequently pass some weeks in
seclusion at the Castle of Rheinhsrdtsbrunn, near Gi,thm,
which her brother-in-law, the Duke of Saze-Cuburg and
Gotha, has placed at her disposal.
Her Majesty will travel in the strictest incognito, under
the title of Duchess of Lancaster. The Prince of Wales
will join her Majesty at Rheiuhardtsbrunn a few days after
nroPcereindc ess of Prussia.
A p
naturally
r arrival, and after spending some time with the Queen
will
upon a visit to his Royal Highness's sister, the
no f2stivities coull take place upon that
occahßoyal Trion, his highness's bitthday, when he come::
of age, will not be celebrated by the Royal Family, and
his Royal Highness will remain abroad beyond that day
with his sister and brother-in-law.
Crow
s

MINISTER/AL WHITE BAIT DINNER.---Her lifa-
jesty's Ministers proceeded down the river yesterday even-
ing, on ooard a C itizen steamboat which was
colours, and 'disembarked at the Trafalgar-stairs.
Gmenwich, at a quarter to seven o'clock, for the purpose of
attundig the annual whitanit dinner at the Trafe-gar
IstiNiarn, gaily decorated

.EIXETER HALL.

HERR, SCHACHSER'S ORATORIO.

Sacred musk., within the last century has reached
a height otexcellence which forms for the composer
in this field 48 much to repel as to excite tom.
Whilst public sympathy, especially in England.
encourages his efforts—thai sympathy has been
developed by successive standards of composition,
which only getting of the highest order could hope
to sustain the test of. The Oratorio—the musical
form in which the " Mysteries and Moralities" of
the middle ages took their position in the Roman
Cnurch, and from thence passed into what may be
called the religious cantata of Protestant Europe,—
at the successive hands of Handel, H tydn, and
IVlendelssohn has ascended to a level which,
whether in resp,ct to structure or sentiment,
we can scarcely think will be surpassed. Another
difficulty lies in the comparatively narrow field of
the subject. Though the Bible is for the most part
a highly dramatic narrative, it contains but few
commanding themes which are adapted to lyric
illustration. It treats of events rather than charac-
ters in the ordinary flow of its sublime story, and
in their detail wants the consecutiveness essential
to artistic ends. Such themes as the " Deluge"
and the " Fall of Jerusalem," which we have known
to be attempted, are so purely historical and diffuse,
and therefore wanting in a central human interest,
that scarcely the power of a Handel could infuse
them with a due vitality. The great subjects, on
the contrary, which have a true artistic element,
which deal with men rather than events, and some
central being especially, and so excite the sym-
pathies which must always be converged
and not diffused, have already been so
grandly treated,—and to the inclusion not
only of the sublime founder of our faith, but
His chief foreruaners and succassora,—that t heir re-
petition would be as idle, as it would be mostly
felt to he presumptuous. The Sacred Record,
however, we must remark, exhibits one great
event, and that event connected with a superior
human interest, which, much to our wonder, has
not attracted either of our great sacred composers.
That event is the captivity. Not only in the char -
acter of Daniel does it possess an adequate human
centre for the convergence of the sympathies, but
the event itself has an attraction and natural
division, in its movement, which gives it a charac-
ter that is peculiarly exciting and dramatic. It
opens with Israel's abasement,—tbe picture of
that weeping by the waters of Babylon, which has
passed into the most pathetic as well as most
august, of historical traces—it proceeds with the
manifestation of the divine power, in order to
effect Israel's deliverance—among the instances of
which Belshazzar's Feist at once occurs to us, as
one of the must memorable on record—and it con-
cludes with Israel's triumph, on the return to the
Holy Lind, and the rebuilding of the Temple,
under the enlightened sway of Cyrus. Considered
merely historically, there is scarcely another event
in Scripture which presents such a growth of inter-
est, or so sublime a culmination. Little wonder,
therefore, can be felt if a new and unknown com-
poser should be inspired by such a subject, the
more especially when he knew it was left un-
touch( d by the greatest masters. His ambition
must be considered natural whatever the amount
of his ability. We wish we could have added
that his ability is of a character to war-
rant his ambition, Herr Schachner's new
work (entitled " Israel's Return from Babylon"),
produced last night at Exeter-hall, for the
benefit of the Columbia Female Emigration
Society, can scarcely be said to fulfil
the conditions required by the theme. In the
first place, he has been unfortunate in the book
he has had to work upon, which not only exceeds
the natural divisions that give such clearness to
the subject, and are so stamped by their distinct
sentiments of sorrowing abasement, hope,
and fear, and finally triumphant gladness,
but which commits the further blunder of
associating with the Scripture text, the Scripture
songs of Thomas Moore. These latter are so very
lively, and have such an artificial elegance, that, so
connected, they seem as proper as a fashionable
lady Pusey ite would be in the company of a, Het), e .v
Prophet. Herr Schachner's music, we regret to
add, is somewhat in keeping with the book. It is
not only devoid of originality, but of that distiller-
ness and development which are so requisite to ren
der even the most ordinary strains impressive
Scarcely a theme in it, or even a phrase obtained
adequate expression ; but most of the ideas, such

as they were, were less contrasted than in

volved in a strugg.e Which deprived them of
all power of definite impression. A minor