The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-06 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6, 1862.

THE WAR IN AMERICA.

We are enabled to lay before our readers the fol-
lowing very interesting intelligence from America,
in anticipation of the mail from Queenstown. The
most important document brought by this arrival
is the text of President Lincoln's proclamation in
reference to slavery :

"BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF

AMERICA.
"PROCLAMATION.
" WASHINGTON, SEPT. 22.

"I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United
States of America, and Commander-in-Chief of the
Army and Navy thereof, do hereby proclaim and
declare that hereafter, as heretofore, the war will
be prosecuted for the object of practically restoring
the constitutional relations between the United
States and the people thereof, in which States that
relation is or may be suspended or disturbed, that
it is my purpose, upon the next meeting of Congress
to again recommend the adoption of a practical
measure tendering pecuniary aid to the free accept-
ance or rejection of all the Slave States, so called,
the people whereof may not then be in rebellion
against the United States, and which States may then
have voluntarily adopted, or thereafter may volun-
tarily adopt, the immediate or gradual abolishment
of slavery within their respective limits; and
that the efforts to colonise persons of African
descent, with their consent, upon the continent or
elsewhere, with the previously obtained consent of
the Governments existing there will be continued;
that on the Ist day of January, in the year of our
Lord 1863, all persons held as slaves within any
State, or any designated part of a State, the people
whereof shall then be in rebellion against the
United States, shall be then thenceforward and
for ever free; and the Executive Government of
the United States, including the military and naval
authority thereof, will recognise and maintain the
freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts
to reprets such persons, or make any of them in
any efforts they may make for their actual freedom;
that the Executive will, on the Ist day of January
aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and
parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof
respectively shall then be in rebellion against the
United States ; and that the fact that any State, or
the people thereof, shall on that day be in good
faith represented in the Congress of the United
States by members chosen thereto at elections
wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such
States shall have participated shall, in the absence
of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed con-
clusive evidence that such State and the people
thereof have not been in rebellion against the
United States.

"That attention is hereby called to an Act of
Congress, entitled An Act to make an additional
Article of War,' approved March 13, 1862, and
which Act is in the word and figure following :
" Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembled, and hereafter the following
shall be promulgated as an additional article of war
for the government of the United States, and shall
be obeyed and observed as such:—
"‘ Article.—All officers or persons in the military
or naval service of the United States are prohibited
from employing any of the forces under their re-
spective commands for the purpose of returning
fugitives from service or labour who may 'have
escaped from any persons to whom such service or
labour is claimed to be due, and any officer who
shall be found guilty by a court-martial of vio-
lating this article shall be dismissed from the
service.

" ' Section 2.—And be it further enacted that this
Act shall take effect from and after its passage.'

" Also to the ninth and tenth sections of an Act
entitled ' An Act to suppress insurrection, to punish
treason and rebellion, to seize and confiscate pro-
perty of rebels, and for other purposes,' approved
July 17, 1862, and which sections are in the words
and figures following :

" ' Section 9.—And be it further enacted that all
slaves of persons who shall hereafter be engaged in
rebellion against the Government of the United
States, or who shall in any way give aid or comfort
thereto, escaping from such persons and taking
refuge within the lines of the army, and all slaves
captured from such persons, or deserted by them,
and coming under the control of the Government
of the United States, and all slaves of such persons
found on (or being within) any place occupied by
rebel forces, and afterwards occupied by the forces
of the United States, shall be deemed captures of
war, and shall be for ever free of their servitude,
and not again held as slaves.

" Section 10.—And be it further enacted that
no slave escaping into any State, territory, or the
district of Columbia, from any of the States, shall
be delivered up, or in any way impeded or hindered
of his liberty, except for crime or some offence
against the laws, unless the person claiming said
fugitive shall first make oath that the person to
whom the labour or service of such fugitive is alleged
to be due is his lawful owner, and has not been in
arms against the United States in the present rebel-
twin, nor in any way given aid and comfort thereto ;
and no person engaged in the military or naval
service of the United States shall, under any pre.
tence whatever, assume to decide on the validity of
the claim of any person to the service or labour of
any other person, or surrender up any person to the
claimant, on pain of being dismissed from the
service.

" And I do hereby enjoin upon and order all per-
sons engaged in the military and naval service of
the United States to observe, obey, and enforce
within their respective sphere of service the act and
sections above recited.
" And the Executive will in due time recommend
that all citizens of the United States who shall have
remained loyal thereto throughout the rebellion
shall, upon the restoration of the constitutional rela-
tion between the United States and their respective
States and people (if the relation shall have been
suspended or disturbed), be compensated for all
losses by acts of the United States, including the
loss of slaves.
"In witness whereof I have hereunto set my
hand,
and caused the seal of the United States to
be affixed.

"ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
"Done at the City of Washington, this 22d day
of September, in the year of our Lord 1862, and of
the Independence of the United States the 87th.,
6, By the President,
"WILLIAM IL SEWARD, Secretary of State.'

The following is th
dent, dated September 24 :
President Lincoln's " e summarycorrespon of our New York
1863,
slaves of rebels and
the Ist of January, proclamation to free the
the
ezbcyiteasllgreexactepdtisecxutsrseiomne.
It is considered a blunder
Abolitionists. It sent down the price of all seen-
cities yesterday and increased
to 181 per cent, and on
silver
to it as illegal, to 15 per cent. The
Democratic party are
opposed
un-
constitutional, ill-timed, and unjust, while the in
Re-
publicans are divided opinion.
" The battle at Antietam Creek b
less of a victory in the public estimatione comes less and
are made known. A large Confederate force asthe facts
is still on
the Maryland side of the Potomac, and those which
retreated to the Virginia side retreated l
eisurely,
with all their arms, ammunition, artillery, baggage,
and sick and wounded. They have posse •
smon of the
valley of the Shenandoah, and captured at Harper's
Ferry as many stores, and as much artillery, light
and heavy, as recompensed them for all the perils
and losses of the Maryland campaign- The total
loss on both sides continues to be estimated at
20,000 men.
" Commander Treby has been summarily dis-
missed from the naval service of the United States

for allowing the British steamer Ovieto to escape
the blockade at Mobile. His friends deny the right
of, the Secretary of the Navy to cashier an officer
without a trial, and demand a court-martial. The
public sentiment and naval and military men sup-
port the demand.

" General Braxton Bragg, in command of a Con-
federate army of 30,000 men in Kentucky, has
avoided a battle with General Buell, and marched
upon Louisville. He has demanded the surrender
of that city. Gen. Nelson, the Federal commander,
has refused, and notified all the women, children,
and non-combatants to depart, as he intends to
defend his post to the last extremity. It is not
believed he can offer effectual resistance.
" General Buell is reported to be in pursuit of
General Bragg, while General Kirby Smith is
marching after Buell, who may thus be placed be-
tween two fires and forced to capitulate.
" Mr. Morgan, Governor of the State of New
York, has ordered the draught to commence on the
15th of October, 40,000 men, the quotas due under
the two calls of the President.
" Notwithstanding the enormous heavy bounty,
£9O money, and the vigorous efforts made to fill
up the numbers, the city of New York is 8,000 men
in arrear on the second call, and the State of New
York, 32,000."

" QUEENSTOWN, OCT. 4.

" The Royal mail steamship Australasian, from
New York on the 24th ult., arrived here at 12.30
p.m. She brings 47 passengers and 808,739 dols.
She landed 82 sacks of mails and six passengers,
and proceeded immediately. All well. She expe-
rienced very foggy weather.

"NEW YORK, SEPT. 23, MORNING.
(Per Australasian via Cape Race and Roche's

Point. )

"It is rumoured that the Confederates have
crossed Blackwater River in force, and are threat-
ening Norfolk and Suffolk.

"An engagement occurred on the 19th inst.,
south of Juka,
Mississippi, between General Rosen-
cranz and General Price. The Confederates re-
treated South during the night. The Federals cap-
tured 250 prisoners.
" The Federals are preparing to attack the forts
at the entrance to Mobile.

" The Governor of Pennsylvania has recalled the
State militia home.

"The Confederate Governor of Louisiana has
threatened General Butler with retaliation if the
misconduct of the Federal troops should be con-
tinued outside the limits of the City of New
Orleans.

" General Butler replied that if the threat was
carried out he should also retaliate.

,4 SEPT. 23, EVENING.

"The Federal army is reported to be rapidly
crossing the Potomac at Williamsport, under the
superintendence of General M'Clellan.
" It is rumoured that Generals Heintzelman and
Sigel are in Virginia to stop the Confederate retreat.
" General Bragg is rapidly marching on Louisville.
He has summoned the Federal commander to sur-
render, but this the latter has refused to do.
Women and children have been ordered away.
General Bragg is close to the city. An attack is
expected immediately, but the Federal commander
is confident he will be able to repel it.

" General Kirby Smith is to hold General Buell
in check during Bragg's attack.
" The Republican journals approve President
Lincoln's proclamation, but say that it will have no
effect. It has caused no public excitement what-
ever.

" The prize steamer Columbia has arrived at
New York. The Scotia, Borussia, and Etna have
arrived out.

" SEPT. 24, MORNING.

" The Federals made unsuccessful efforts on Fri-
day and Saturday last to cross the Potomac, at
Shepherd's•town, into Virginia, but were each time
repulsed.

"Gen. Stuart's Confederate cavalry crossed into
Maryland on Saturday last, but afterwards returned
to Virginia.

"None of Gen. M'Clellan's army has yet crossed
the Potomac.

" The Confederates do not show in force on the
Virginia banks of the Potomac, but are supposed to
be lying in ambush a short distance from the
river.

" The Southern journals state that the Confede-
rates captured 46 pieces
of artillery at Harper's
Ferry.

" The Governor of New York State has issued an
order for a draught of 40,000 men on Oct. 10.
" Mr. Foote has introduced a resolution in the
Confederate Congress, to the effect that the success
of the Confederate Generals justified the Confede-
rate Government in sending Commissioners to
Washington to propose the terms of a just and
honourable peace.

"The Journal of Commerce thinks that President
Lincoln's proclamation can only lead to a continua.
tion of the war.

" Public opinion is divided on the merits of the
proclamation.

t, SEPT. 25, AFTERNOON.
" President Lincoln has suspended the writ of
Habeas Corpus, and declared martial law through-
out the United States with respect to all persons
arrested for aiding the rebellion or hindering the
draught.

" The Secretary of the Treasury has intimated
that he will receive deposits of gold returnable in
gold with 4 per cent. interest. The deposit must re-
main 30 days, with 10 days' notice of withdrawal.
" SEPT. 26, EVENING.
"No Federals have yet crossed into Virginia.
" It is supposed that if M'Clellan should attempt
crossing, a battle will ensue.
" The Confederates remain on the line of the
Upper Potomac, and are destroying the Baltimore
and Ohio railroad between Harper's Ferry and
Cumberland.

"A portion of General Buell's forces has arrived
at Louisville. The city is considered safe from
attack. Th© Confederates had seized Salt River
Whisky Distillery, 30 miles from Louisville, and
are advancing on the city.
"The Anglo-Saxon passed Cape Race at 3 a.m.
on the 27th inst.
" Exchange, 132."

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
NEW YORK, SEPT. 23, EVENING.
Money easy. Gold advancing. Present quo-
tation 182 premium. Exchange rather firmer.
Bankers' bills, 1291.
Stocks lower. New York Central, 961 ; Illinois,
671 ; Erie, 43g.
Cotton rather firmer ; middling upland, 54c.
Flour and corn firmer. Wheat in good demand for
export. Provisions dull. Coffee steady. Sugar
advancing. Molasses very firm.
SEPT. 24, MORNING.
Money easy. Gold and exchange advancing.
The former is quoted 18 to 191 premium. Bankers'
bills, 130, Stocks advancing. Cotton buoyant.
Middling Upland, 58c.
SEPT. 25, AFTERNOON.
Money abundant. Gold, 201 premium.
Exchange advancing. Bankers' bills, 132.
Immense excitement prevails in the stock-market,
and stocks have risen 3 to a per cent.
at a
single
board.
Cotton very firm.

The following comments have appeared on the
President's proclamation in the New York papers;—
(From the Express.)
The President's unconstitutional emancipation
proclamation provokes the question among business
men, when this warts to end and how it is to end i
—if that end is to be n the destruction of the tabour
system of the South, eotton,rice, tobacco, sugar,&e. ;
what our ships freight, what our COMIlliE3gOll

chants make their profits on, and what supports
vast masses of manufacturing labour in the
North. The President's proclamation is twofold
—l. The destruction of all the slave system of
labour, South. 2. The deportation of that labour
to some foreign country. Commercial men, naturally
enough, see in these propositions destruction to
ships and shipping—Northern cotton and tobacco
manufactories, the profits of the interchange of
Northern manufactures for Southern negro labour
—commissions, freights, labour, foreign exchange,
&c. Hence there is great inquiry among commer-
cial men-Ist, What interest has commerce in pro •
scenting a war upon such destructive and revolu-
tionary principles , and 2d, if the Southern States
are to be black, negro States, is a " Union" with
such States worth fighting for on commercial prin-
ciples ? What is must profitable to us, a Hayti or
a Louisiana ? Besides, business men, banking men,
commercial men, now see that the war, prosecuted
upon such principles, must be prolonged indefini-
tively, and at greater expense. A war, to subjugate
8,000,000 of white people to an equality with
4,000,000 of negroes, it is reasoned, involves so
much passion, energy, and furor, that it must last
for years and years. Hence real estate owners and
holders of bonds and mortgages, who are with diffi-
culty realising the interest upon mortgages, bankers,
&c., begin to ask-Ist, What is to be the value of
real estate, especially in New York, if a war is to
be conducted on such revolutionary principles ?
2d, What rents are to be realised from stores, &c.,
it about one-half of the productive property of the
country is to be destroyed--of .which_New York..

city is the representative centre ? 3d, What is
the currency to be during this indefinite war ?
what but paper, paper such as we now see in
Rebeldom, with their " Confederate Treasury
notes," expanding the prices of everything, but
in reality worth little or nothing ? The paper
money system of Mr. Chase, founded upon little
or nothing, was working well, upon the presump-
tion that, under a Constitutional anti-Radical
policy, not only the Union was to be re-
stored, but the commerce and free trade of
the whole Union ; while here is presented to us
war, for the destruction of the labour system South,
and a trade, if trade is restored, only with negroes,
such as are in a Hayti—not such as we have in
Cuba, or had with the old slave labour systems of
the South. Hence, as the war is now to be prolonged
indefinitely—and for purposes very revolutionary
and very destructive to all trade and commerce—
what is to be our currency, founded upon such bases
and for such purposes ? What but inflation, years
after years, endless inflation—with aggravated
prices to all consumers ?

(From the Journal of Commerce.)

The long agony of the Radicals is over. They
have pressed for a proclamation, and the proclama-
tion they have to the full extent of their wishes. i
Their curses on the President are changed to invo-
cations of blessing, and they are, or ought to be,
satisfied. We have expressed our opinion of the
document, and it is useless to discuss it. It is pro-
claimed, and cannot be recalled. It is published—
and there is the end of it. It is, of course, not law,
for we have not arrived at that point at which the
President makes laws by proclamation. It is a
voice that has gone out, never to be hushed into
silence, and its effect for good or evil is irrevocable.
What are we to expect from it ? The Radical news-
papers have assured us that it would bring the re-
bellion to a sudden close. We have been over and
over again told in flaming sentences that it would
be the sovereign remedy for all our sorrows ; the
restorer of peace, the tranquilliser of the country,
the forerunner of the millenial day in America. We
have been assured that it would win for us the sym-
pathy of Europe and the world at large, would es-
tablish our national character, and, above all, would
secure the favour of the God of battles. Let us wait
patiently for the accomplishment of these glorious
results. But while we wait may we not perish ?
Will it do to wait ? We resptctfully ask the radical
leaders and newspapers for information on this sub-
ject. Is the proclamation to do all the work and is there
no need of fighting any more ? Shall we go up on the
housetops and look southward for the effect of the
Presidential voice, like thunder shaking the land,
and terrifying the rebellion into silence and nothing-
ness ? Perhaps no radical man can be found who
is so great an enthusiast, so foolish in his faith in
proclamations, as to say anything of this kind,
although thousands of them said it when their
faith was only hope for such a proclamation. But
now the responsibility of a new duty falls upon
these men, and they must assume it at once. They
must enlist in the army, and fly to the support of
their principles. They can no longer hesitate or
excuse themselves. The President pledges the
Executive, naval and military powers of the coun-
try, to maintain the principles of the proclamation,
and every man of them should be in the field to-
day. All the conditions on which they based their
patriotism are answered; all the provisoes of their
devotion to the Government are fulfilled. They
expect to have some fighting to do, and that fight-
ing they ought to do.

(From the World.)
President Lincoln, in his address to the Border
States Congressmen, warned them that the pressure
upon him to issue au emancipation proclamation was
so great that he feared he might yet be compelled
to yield. His distrust of his own resisting power
has since been fully justified. Indeed, this yielding
to pressure is Mr. Lincoln's fatal weakness. He
yielded to pressure in urging General Scott to fight
the first battle of Bull Run ; he yielded to pressure
in giving Colonel Miles another command, when
he should have been shot ; he yielded to pressure
in disconcerting General M'Clellan's plans last
spring, by ordering a premature advance at the
West; he yielded to pressure in so meddling with
the peninsula campaign as to cause it to miscarry.
No man ever yet administered successfully the
affairs of a great nation without a backbone in-
capable of " yielding to pressure." This extraordi-
nary proclamation will bring no advantages to the
negro race at all proportionate to the obstructions
it throws in the way of reunion. It is certain
that the Union will never be restored till this
ill-advised action of the Government is re-
versed. It converts every inhabitant of the
South into a zealot whose all is embarked in
the success of the rebellion. The idea that they will
succumb to threats, that they will vote on compul-
sion, that they will feel terror or misgivings, or
anything but increased indignation, at such a pro-
clamation, shows small knowledge either of human
nature or of the temper of the Southern mind. Such
a proclamation cannot possibly be enforced, and its
only effect will be to strengthen the determination of
the rebels to fight to the very last. They are shut up
in a lane which has no turning. When the military
power of the rebels is broken we have laid before
ourselves a still harder task to perform. At the very
crisis of the contest of arms the President has rein-
forced them as effectually as if he had doubled their
r
squadrons in the field. We may learn from u
will
enemies. They will rejoice. Their leaders
make of this proclamation their ebe fesr go,.
t moral
ood ;
weapon. It is powerless in our hands fo
Our only salv
Iva-
in theirs it will be potent for evil.
tion now is in the ballot-box. that it ere the battle
possible for the people to resort. o
Tb ere alone the
lost to-day may be won tomorrow.titut ion may b© vindi-
insulted Majesty of the Constitution
yet remains
cated by the people against
Times.)
(From the
nd Whig of Satur-
day custodians.
among the captures made by the
day states that ;es Ferry, on Monday of last
Negro Captives.
Confederates at HarP
s Of course, these
2,000 negroe •
week, were
t paroled like our soldiers, but were
--The .Rachnzo
negroes were 11° -
the
driven
at some or military work in aid
South to be put
civilto use, most likely, in
or
rebel awl:

-..4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

of the rebellion, or perhaps to be sold into slavery.
We have no doubt they will be subjected to the most
atrocious treatment by their Southern captors. Many
of them were undoubtedly freemen by birth; many
had earned their freedom by services to our cause
and our army, and all of them were under the
guardianship and protection of the Government.
Most of them were employed in various army work
at Harper's Ferry, under the Act of last session of
Congress, authorising the employment of negroes
as military labourers. We suppose that Govern-
ment will do nothing about these unfortunate per-
sons who had placed themselves under its care,
though by all the laws of war, of national honour,
and of humanity, it is as much bound to see to
their just treatment as to that of any other of its
agents. Three or four times of late the rebels have
taken numbers of the black military labourers with
our army. They took a considerable number on the
Peninsula ; they took a large body who were sent
out grave-digging near Bull Run, after Pope's re-
cent engagements ; and now, at Harper's Ferry,
they made the best haul of all. The rebels, of
course, could not be induced to treat negroes as pri-
soners of war ; but our Government, having become
responsible for their freedom and safety, should
either put them where they will be safe from the
rebel grasp and the horrors of slavery, or should try
by negotiation to save them from the latter doom
and mitigate their misfortunes. It would be better,
of course, if it would make haste to put down the
rebellion, by which these and all questions would
be solved.

With rpgo.ro,, tg_the war, the Evening Express
says:--
" There would seem to be reliable information
that the rebel army has not entirely left Maryland.
On the contrary, they are reported to be in consider-
able numbers in the neighbourhood of Williams-
port. Heavy skirmishing was going on at that
point and on both sides of the river on Monday.
Everything remains quiet at the ford near Shep-
herdstown. The forces on either side of the river
are cautiously watching each other. The rebels
keep their men out of sight, but occasionally a
solitary horseman makes his appearance on the op-
posite bluff, and after a brief observation disap-
pears."

The Sharpsburg correspondent of the Baltimore
American writes ou the 22d :

" There has come a lull, in which the contending
armies are lying quietly, with the Potomac be-
tween them, awaiting developments which will at
no distant day probably bring them again in
collision. Neither will rush unadvisedly to a
new contest, without exhausting all pre-
caution that generalship and military skill can
suggest. Since the reconnoisance across the Poto-
mac at Clarksburg on Saturday last, perfect quiet
has reigned along the lines, scarcely disturbed
even by skirmishing of pickets. We hold the
river at Sharpsburg in strong force, while the
rebels occupy the opposite bank, but not, it is
thought, in force. We also occupy Williamsport.
General M'Clellan's head-quarters are in the vicinity,
and he can be seen several times a thy, moving
about, overlooking and directing movements in pro-
gress. The battle-field of Wednesday is daily
trampled by a small army of curiosity-seekers, from
the west, north, and east. The field is pretty well
cleared of all material evidence of the struggle.
The dead have all been buried, except the black
and putrid bodies of some poor fellows who had
crept into secluded corners and thus escaped the
search of the burying parties. The wounded have
been all removed ; those who could be were trans-
ported to Hagerstown, Chambersburg, Harrisburg,
and other places. A number of the more
dangerously wounded, whom it would have been
death to have removed any distance, still remain in
houses and barns in the vicinity of the field which
have been fitted up as temporary hospitals."
The Express of the 22d contains also the follow-
ing letter from the Potomac :
" Contrary to general impression, it turns out
now that Sigel and Heintzelman have not been
sent up the north bank of the Potomac. They
had such an order given them, it seems, but it
was countermanded—undoubtedly for good reason.
This will explain to the public, who have been
anxiously looking for Sigel and Heintzelman in
force before the retreating rebels, why their ap-
pearance has not been made. Despatches from Fre-
derick as late as 10 o'clock on Sunday night report
thatduring the night previous there was considerable
firing between our pickets and those of the enemy
on the opposite side of the river. At 6 o'clock on
Sunday morning, quite a number of the enemy, sup-
posed to be a brigade, showed themselves on the op-
posite bluff and fired a volley of musketry into our
artillery camp. Our batteries, Captain Waterman's,
Martin's, and Hazlitt's soon opened a concen-
trated fire on the rebels, causing them to disappear.
The enemy have no artillery on the bluff. The 4th
Michigan, with a few men from Syke's brigade,
crossed the river at Shepherastown Ford late on
Saturday afternoon, for the purpose of making a re-
connoissance. They met with a stout resistance
from the enemy, but succeeded in reaching this side
of the river with but slight loss, bringing with
them four pieces of artillery which they took from
the rebels. The occupation of the Viriginian shore
was attempted again next morning, with less suc-
cess. Acting Brigadier-General Barnes, with his
own and a portion of Syke's brigade, some cavalry,
and two batteries, crossed the river and took a posi-
tion on the Virginian shore. Shortly after the
troops had been placed in position, the enemy
emerged from under the cover of woods, with a line
of infantry nearly a mile long. Both troops soon
became engaged, when the order was given to re-
tire, which was done in good order, the enemy fol-
lowing close behind. When the enemy came within
range, fire was opened with 20 pieces of our artil-
lery,eir
effect
posted on the Maryland bank, with such
that they were forced to retire out of reach.
Their
loss from our artillery fire must have been heavy,
e
as the explosion of our shells was seen to mak large
gaps in their lines. Our loss in
killed The troops
(lnded,
and prisoners will reach about
safely returned to Maryland, bringing :fo unded
rebel
with them. It was reported that a Olte of
w that direction
cavalry and artillery had left in
Williamsport, and a force was sent the direction
this morning. Heavy firing was heard in that
direction on Sunday night, which shows that they
have become engaged."

Mtrit REss.—The wretcL
THE CONDEMNED
Catherine tails is ordered for execution on
lson, who
woman, for the crime of msurucleoronbytinuesto
poison-
Monday, the 20th
ing, under most atrillsocito:usan
ccierocrinsdtianffecreesn' still
and callousness
exhibit the fauna aPPehaor
ever since she has been in custody,
that has characterised
It appears that siliCe her cwohmomriettparlesshenetehads
honerlysebtfeetnovbiseitaend
by one persocnn,da female,
of the prisoner, and she only came to the
intimate fri
000 occasion. From all that has transpired
prison upon to believe that the unhappy Woman has
there is no r
any relations, or at all events any who take the least interest
o one has applied to see her in that capacity.
in her, d" the clear manner in which the crime was
otwithstan
established by the evidence, the prisoner, it appears, has,
upon several occasions, earnestly asserted her innocence of
the offence, and she professes still not to have heard a
single word of the address that was made to her by Mr. J us-
tice 13yles who tried her in passing sentence, when, it will
be remembered, he alluded to other charges of the same de-
scription that had been made against her, and to the proba-
bility of her being guilty of three, if not four, other murders,
by lois, n. She always alludes to the judge as " the gen-
tleman," and says that she did not understand what he
said. She is evidently a woman of a most determined spirit,
and she does not seem at all alarmed at the prospect of
death ; but it is probable that she may be buoyed up to
some extent by the idea that the capital punishment will
not be carried out in her case, although of course every
effort is made to disabuse her mind of such a feeling, and to
induce her to prepare for the fearful and inevitable result
of a conviction for such a crime. It is said that Mr. Neale,
the solicitor who defended her upon her trial, has sent in
a memorial on her behalf to the Home Secretary, but
beyond this it does not seem that any section of the public
has made a movement by petition or otherwise to obtain a
1 commutation of the capital sentence.

:hed

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TILE MANNER IN WH1C1111y.,T424:,`7 ,:".
GOVERNED. 41-k;14.c..%4. ,liiity.z.,;.-:'..6.4..„
.polli.:f.
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(From the Abney Market Rev .r.;(,_-_.--n.. -,,A4p, 4,,,,f
A few more words may be said use ,4#Bl.labiktUr~l/4.
gard to Mr. Laing's speech at Manchestid on pie s
18th of September, in reply to the address from the
Chamber of Commerce of that city on the occasion
of his return from India, Mr. Laing's speech was
a most effective and testing one, and was listened
to with deep interest by a large and influential
meeting assembled by permission of the Mayor in
the Town-hall.

Mr. Laing said, in the first instance, that he
would not on that occasion refer to the differences
between himself and Sir Charles Wood, which had
led to his resignation of the office of Financial Mem-
ber of the Council of the Government of India, be-
yond stating that the last mail had brought infor-
mation that the cash balances in the Indian Trea-
suries, at the end of the first quarter of the current
official year, amounted to nineteen millions six
Hun-
dred thousand pounds sterling—a larger amount
than he had anticipated at such an early date, and,
by the way, much beyond the accumulation in the
Treasuries, on the strength of which, some ten
years ago, this same Sir Charles Wood boasted, in
his place in Parliament, that he had ordered the
conversion of the Five per Cent. Government Secu-
rities into Four per Cents.
Sir Charles Wood, in that measure, struck the
first blow at the credit and good faith of the Govern-
ment of India; for when the Government was
obliged, a few months afterwards, without any war
or fresh cause of expense, to open a new loan at 5
per cent., it was felt that all those who had been
forced to exchange into the Four per Cents. had
been unfairly deprived of at least 20 per cent. of
their capital. No doubt a large balance at the
bankers does not of itself prove that a concern is
flourishing, as that balance may consist of money
borrowed ; but when, as Mr. Laing broadly asserts,
all current liabilities have been cleared off, and no
new ones incurred, the balance does then prove that
there is a surplus ; and the steady increase of it
shows that, notwithstanding the remission of taxes,
the income continues to be greater than the expen-
diture.

The opinion expressed by Mr. Laing, that we are
not likely soon to receive a larger quantity of cotton
from India than in the current year, occasioned
some surprise, and we cannot help thinking that he
has understated the quantity at a million and a
quarter of bales. If the war in America continue
up to Christmas, we have little doubt that we shall
have a million and a half of bales next year, for
shipments from India to China will almost altogether
cease; and if there were a reasonable contract law
in India, and the waste lands wore in the posses-
sion of Europeans in fee-simple, the supply would
be enormously increased year by year, notwith-
standing the difficulties which would be encountered
before the immense extent of land necessary to pro-
duce an extra million of bales could be appropriated
to cotton cultivation.

Mr. Laing's anticipations of the glorious future
offering for India, if well governed, appear to us
not too sanguine. Of the enormous sums which
are now being realised by shipments of cotton to
Europe, a considerable proportion will remain in
India, where it will not be left idle. The produc-
tion of tea, of qualities superior to China tea, will
soon be reckoned by millions of lbs., and the
Neilgherry and Mysore coffees fetch the very
highest prices in this market; whilst the first
fruits of this influx of money, and of the high price
of the raw material, will be an increasing demand
for cotton goods, salt, iron, &c.
Nothing can mar this brilliant prospect except
misgovernment and interference from home, such as
nearly ruined Canada, Australia, and other depen-
dencies of the British Crown. Sir Charles Wood
seems determined to follow the footsteps of the old
Colonial-office, but we trust that the spirited de-
nunciation of the system by Mr. Laing and others
will rouse public attention to the subject. Let us
hope, too, that the men of Manchester will take
kindly Mr. Laing's reproof of their apathy in re.
gard to Indian matters, and that early in next ses-
sion of Parliament they will cct in such a way as to
show that Lord Palmerston's position will be ren-
dered uncomfortable and insecure by the wrong-
headedness and incapacity of his Secretary of State
for India. Should the capitalists of Lancashire not
take the question up, we believe that the working
classes will do so, for they will certainly not sub-
mit without a murmer to see their bread in the
shape of cotton from India, when almost within
their reach, pass away from them through misgo-
vernment. Already we see working men's cotton
supply associations being established, and it will be
a sad day for all if their natural leaders, the capi-
talists and millowners, do not take charge of the
movement, but leave it to the less proved intelli-
gence of men whose feelings are sharpened and em-
bittered by the distress of their families and of
themselves, and who may be misled into antagonism
to the wealth and property of the country.