The Sun.
London, England, 1862-11-06 00:00:00

to become so reduced in their physique, that when
trade revives, they will be unable to resume their
occupations. The formation of a national com-
mittee, combining all the chief local authorities
throughout the Kingdom, the committee then
to organi©e a regular system of communication
with the Established and Dissenting Clergy in
every parish, and where needful to get local col-
lecting committees formed, is the obvious mode
for rating the voluntary generosity of the country.
Both the extent to which application must be made,
and the length of time during which it will be ne-
cessary, demand that such systematic operations be
commenced without delay.
Already three Bishops—those of Salisbury, Lon-
don, and Hereford—have addressed the clergy of
their dioceses. Advertence is made by them, also,
to the continuance of the contributions through the
winter months, and this is the course which all the
arrangements of congregations and individuals
ought to take as much as possible. As Lord
LINDSAY says in his admirable letter to the Mayor
of Wigan, looking to the noble conduct of the
operatives, and their distress being caused by cir-
cumstances so entirely beyond their control, " I
think we shall consider not how little, but how
much, we can each of us supply towards the great
and crying necessity before us."
The point on which Lord LINDSAY lays the
greatest stress is, we think, one which should be
made prominent in all appeals. We believe it
will be found easier to obtain the larger sum of
money requisite for the generous object he aims
at, than the smaller amonnts sufficient to pre-
vent bare starvation. The knowledge that
by giving double what would just sustain
life, but not repel disease and uphold health and
strength—we might maintain the poor sufferers in
something like comfort, and save them from fever
and debility—would make the double contribution
a more pleasant sacrifice than the smaller one.
This, we are persuaded, would be the general feel-
ing, from those who could afford but one shilling a
week to those who, like Lord LINDSAY, can offer one
hundred pounds a week. We cannot do better,
however, than give his lordship's views of the
duty of the Wigan people in his own words.
Having adverted to the generous, and to a groat
extent the successful, efforts made by all persons
at Wigan, he proceeds thus—
" The principle proceeded upon has been, as I understand
it, to maintain the people not merely on such a pittance as
can keep body and soul together, but so that they may
emerge from the trial in unimpaired health and bodily
power. As yet, through the effect given to this principle,
they have not materially lost ground in this respect ; but I
have been much struck on returning here after some weeks'
absence with the shadow of care and diminished hope im-
pressed upon their countenances, and, from all I have heard,
as the result of much inquiry, the suffering, notwithstand-
ing every alleviation, is very great. Ido trust, Mr. Mayor,
that the good principle thus far carried out will continue to
keep this merely comparative well-being up to the mark.
It is a well-known fact that in cold weather the body re-
quires more food to maintain.it than during the warm, be-
aides clothing by day and bedding by night, the absence of
all which and the consequent huddling together in small
rooms—the consequence again of inability to pay rent—
generates low and typhus fever, the latter of the most ma-
lignant character."
Another practical suggestion of his lordship
points to an obvious necessity. In addition to

his promise of a weekly djnation of £lOO a week,

he says for himself and his father—" And we will
pay at once £5OO to the fund for the purpose of
redeeming or providing clothing and bedding, pay-
ment of sent, or any such necessary demands,
leaving this sum to the approved discretion of the

committee." With the winter approaching, can
anything be more important than to recover for
the operatives the warm clothing and bedding with
which they have parted during the summer months
to obtain food, rather than go to the parish or
accept charity. Indeed warm clothing renders less
food necessary, it being well known that a great
part of our food is consumed in the creation of
animal warmth. To clothe the poor is, to a great
extent, not mere comfort, but equivalent in its re-
sults to feeding them.
Hitherto, through various causes, the health of
the distressed districts has not suffered on the
whole. The Registrar's reports have almost taken
us by surprise, but he warns us to expect, speedily, a
very different result, if the distress continues, as it
certainly will, through the winter, and it would be
almost criminal neglect, if warned thus, and warned
by general principles too, some decided effort be

not made to enable Lancashire to pass through the
winter without falling a prey to the malignant
fevers which are the too sure concomitants of wide
spread want. Immediate attention to the sugges-
tions of Lord LINDSAY and Mr. COBDEN can alone
avert this fearful result.

The volunteer returns are in the highest degree
satisfactory. They show in no single direction
anything like a falling off. On the contrary, there
is a slight but steady increase in numbers, and every
where quite unmistakeably in efficiency. Looking
to what the late member for Montrose used to call
the " tottle of the whole," we find that whereas in
April, 1860, the volunteers amounted altogether to
119,283 in Great Britain—they consisted in the
,400—and in the April of 1862
April of 1861 of 161
of 162,681. Very probably before the April of
1863 has arrived the aggregate of volunteers will
nearly have approximated to a grand total of
170,000 altogether.
The total force enrolled seven months ago in
Great Britain alone amounted, as we have said,
to 162,681. This, of course, including the diffe-
rent arms of the service—consisting of 662 Light
Horse, of 24,363 Artillery, of 2,904 Engineers, of
656 Mounted Rifles, and of 134,096 Infantry Rifle
Volunteers. Examining the distribution of this
force of 162,611 Volunteer Riflemen, it is interesting
to note the proportions in the several counties.
Middlesex, as a matter of course (with one exception
afterwards to be mentioned), bears away the
palm from all competitors—comprising within it
alone 16,505 Rifles. But then the populousness of
the metropolitan county, the little county containing
within it the chief part of this huge wen of Lon-
don and Westminster, must be taken into account
when turning from the mention of those 16,505
Riflemen for Middlesex, to a poor, little item of no
more than 404 Riflemen for Buckinghamshire. The
West Riding of Yorkshire yields also a very large
return, as indeed, considering its area, it
ought to. Kent comes next to it on the list
as befits it, remembering the propinquity of Kent
to the European continent. Recollecting that
upon that coast line, the salient point, or spur of
which, is Kent, it has been—thereabouts, upon
some part of those sea-beaten shores—that our
island forefathers have had to withstand invasion
_ after invasion, the Danish VIKING, the Roman
Britain the patriotic
U AR, the Northern WILLIAM—it is well to
note that especially
that one along these parts of Great
movements
be been
n e 8
paeredioaul
lry of the
manifested. Rife
Hence,
looking has ,
looking to
part of our
Thanet, it is satisfactory
numbered up a
Surrey, again, returning
point, censt,particular, and prominent
has 4,425 Riflemen.
nearerf 6,672 Volunteers.
Kent, including the Isle of
goodly jotalto see that there is
to the central
Lancashire, however, is the exceptional county
we have alluded to above in parenthesis, though

without naming it in that parenthesis. It is the
one exceptional county—yielding a greater body
of Volunteer Riflemen than that contributed
by Middlesex ! Lancashire, now the scene
of so much distress and destitution, has an
army of 17,1461 Cheshire has as many as 3,612
—to her honour ba it said. Staffordshire has
3,474. The rest may thus be massed
together Bedfordshire, 449; Berkshire, 1,250 ;
Cambridgeshire, 1,251; Cheshire, 3,612; Cinque
Ports, 1,332 ; Corn wall, 2,062; Cumberland, 1,252 ;
Derbyshire, 1,366; Devonshire, 4,358; Dorset,
1,114; Durham, 3,186; Essex, 3,120; Glocester-
shire, 2,802; Hampshire, 2,730; Herefordshire,
546; Hertfordshire, 974 ; Huntingdonshire, 304 ;
Isle of Man, 283 ; Isle of Wight, 527 ; Leicester-
shire, 636; Lincolnshire, 1,852; London, 3,051 ;
Monmouthshire, 1,739 ; Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1,041 ;
Norfolk, 2,047; Northamptonshire, 956 ; Northum-
berland, 1,628 ; Nottinghamshire, 1,482 ; Oxford-
shire, 1,070; Shropshire, 1,350 ; Somerset, 2,282 ;
Suffolk, 1,802; Surrey, 4,425 ; Sussex, 2,087 ;
Tower Hamlets, 2,693; Warwickshire, 1,725;
Westmoreland, 402 ; Wiltshire, 1,494 ; Worcester-
shire, 1,680; East Riding, 1,692 ; North Riding,
1,545. Such tire the numbers even now in this
time of profound tranquillity, and when there is no
longer a moment's further serious thought of a
probable invasion. Let but an alarm be raised in
earnest, and our National Guard, now 160,000
strong, would within a fey,• weeks, we may rest
assured, be fast multiplied into an auxiliary army
of defence, numbering (almost at the reverberation
of the first signal) 200,000 or a quarter of a million
Riflemen!

THE LOSS OF LIFE IN THE LATE GALE.—
Down to Tuesday evening no intelligence had been received
of the fate of the new iron screw collier the Addison Potter,
which sailed from the Tyne coal-laden before the gale of
'Sunday fortnight. There is little, indeed no hope of her
safety, but every reason to believe that she has foundered
with the loss of her crew of 17 hands. Information has
also reached the Tyne that the collier brig, the Adelphi,
belonging to North Shields, which also left that port just
before the gale came on, coal-laden, for London, and of the
safety of which there has been the greatest anxiety, has
foundered, and that her crew, nine or ten in number, have
perished with her. A black painted board, with " Baze-
lius" painted upon it, has also been cast up on the Dutch
coast. This is the name of a collier brig belonging to
Shields, which left the Tyne before the gale, and has not
since been heard of. It is feared that she has foundered
and all her crew been drowned. So far as can be estimated,
about 50 seamen are known to have been lost with Tyne
vessels during the late fearful gales. The Loyal Standard
and other seamen's benefit societies, with the Shipwrecked
Mariners' Royal Benevolent Society, will be called upon
somewhat heavily to advance from their funds to their
families, and they are also making liberal payments to
those seamen who have lost their effects through ship-
wreck. Shipowners and underwriters are very anxious
with regard to the fleet of vessels that are on their passage
from the Baltic to North-east ports. The ports of Norway
were crowded,according to the latest intelligence,with ves-
-1 sels that had sought shelter.
CITY OF LONDON COLLEGE.—The Rev. Alex.
D' Orsey, of Cambridge, gave a lecture on church reading
last Monday to a numerous audience of the clergy of Lon-
don and neighbourhood. The lecturer spoke of the wide
spread dissatisfaction with the present style of reading and
preaching, and contended for special courses of instruction.
He said—" I do not think that the quiet instruction of the
public speaker in a small room is equal to the practical drill
in a large hall, similar to the scene of his future labours. I
admit that inaccuracies and provincialisms might be cor-
rected, just emphasis and modulation communicated, and
general taste successfully cultivated; and were graceful
reading in the family circle the object in view, the system
proposed would no doubt prove effectual. But a great
church, whether full or empty, is a very different field,
and the pleasant reader in the drawing-room, untrained in
the management of his voice, would certainly fail in the
larger arena, just as the amateur singer is unequal to the
concert-room, and the polished peer, easily heard at his own
table, is "inaudible in the gallery" of the house. The ex-
perience of many years warrants me in asserting that can-
didates for the ministry should be trained in large rooms ;
and that, after the preliminary lessons in articulation, pitch,
time, emphasis, modulation, &c., the text-books should be
the Bible and Prayer-book. The more the rehearsal in all
its features resembles the performance, the better will the
performance be.'
A letter from Rome in the Paris Presse says :
"Your readers have, doubtless, not forgotten the little
' Jewish Mortara, who was shut up, after his baptism, in the
I convene of St. Pierre-aux-Liens. lam assured that he has
just had conferred upon him the minor orders."
A meeting of the Public Schools' Commissioners
was held yesterday at No. 2, Victoria-street, Westminster.
The Commissioners present were the Earl of Clarendon, the
Earl of Devon, Lord Lyttelton, Sir S. H. Northcote, M.P.,
the Hon, Edward Twisleton, the Rev. Professor Thompson,
M.A., and Mr. H. H, Vaughan. Mr. Bernard, the secre-
tary, attended.
THE ALABAMA.—An adjourned meeting of the
Council of the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce was held
yesterday for the purpose of considering the destruction of
shipping by the Confederate man-of-war Alabama, Captain
Semmes. Considerable discussion arose with regard to the
expression of any opinion upon the legality of the proceed-
ings of the Alabama, several members urging that, as no
statement of the fact had been submitted to the Council,
they were not in a position to assert that British property
was destroyed by Captain Semmes, Mr. S. G. Rathbone,
of the firm of Rathbone Brothers and Co., explained that
British property was destroyed, but they had not made any
written communication to the Chamber, as they had already
written to the Foreign-office on the subject. Some mem-
bers of the Chamber expressed their opinion that the Ala-
bama had committed a breach of international law in de-
stroying neutral property on board an enemy's ship, while
others contended that, as the Confederates had no ports into
which to take their prizes, it would be a manifest hardship
upon them to prevent their destroying a large amount of the
enemy's property because a small amount belonging to neu-
tral parties was on board of the prize. In the end a resolu-
tion was uanimously agreed to, directing a letter to be
written to Earl Russell, calling his attention to the de-
struction of the ships in question and the capture and re-
lease of others under ransom bond, by an armed cruiser sail-
ing under the Confederate fie g, and desiring to know, for
the information of the commercial cammunity, what is the
opinion of her Majesty's Government as to the position of
the owners of neutral property.

WHAT WORKING MEN MAY DO.—The estab-
lishment of co-operative cotton spinning and weaving asso-
ciations has been considerably accelerated by the high rate
of profits obtained previous to the outbreak of hostilities in
America; and, as might be expected, Rochdale was one of
the earliest, if not the first in the field. The two mills of
that town were erected at a cost of £70,000, and employ
about 300 hands. There are others at Bacup and else-
where. There establishments are conducted for the most
part on the same principles as the provision stores, except-
ing that the workers take the place of the customers in the
quarterly participation of profits, but of late there has been
observable a tendency to act more on the joint stock system
pur et simple, and to pay the workers the current rate of
wages, and no more, leaving the whole of the profits to be
divided amongst the shareholders alone. This has given
rise to much controversy and discussion on the part of those
concerned, which curiously illustrates how the love of gain
proves as insatiable in the case of the humble co-operative
as in that of the wealthy millionaire.--JOHN PLUMMER in
Once a Week.

.n "To PERSONS ABOUT TO MARRY."—Day-dream-
rune off strawy
ivirog is all very well, now and then, on a holiday ; but a
plates, for th
a °l, who gushes with moonshine and romance is seldom
good judge of butcher's meat, or a skilful interpreter of
accounts;
.and a man who aspires at an angel deserves to
before you coeramaitut
whose impulsive toytfoo
his
irss andel
life.
t o
thy under-donsooung romanticmpoatna t, oyetoshu, i
nnogkn
twice
wac
lady,
ycl de,
never enaPbluelshivere
Offerings, and
co
.0p
toidperaolt.of faithfulness and devotion Will i
frayed,
b_uctttoynou from short weight, domestic
less linen.—Once a Week.
eERATIYE ASSOCIATIONS.—
anreer a
1.11 y conducted, is extremely
T hAe
simple.mlo\ mode
OeAßol fli 3 business,
Oi
transactions as
g
err,egiTSaythtereei.nipgrofits are divided
stem is adopted for
allowed ; and a simple but efficioerntcash, no credit being
customer, the amount of
the
purchasespurpos em oa fd
e ascertaining
each
quarterly, five per cent. per annum
Paid-up shares, and the remainder equally
gllallowed on all
Y distributed
amongst the members in proportion to theaa
pur-
chases individually made by them. In thisiouwnt of
working men have acquired large sums, with vaYr many
risk or trouble ; hence it is not surprising to find that these
thittle
associations are rapidly increasing in number and popula-
rity, or that the principles on which they are based should
be applied to purposes of a more speculative nature, such sa
the formation of manufacturing companies,—Joux PLurit-
MER in Once a Week.
THE ACCIDENT TO THE ROYAL YACHT
OsnonNE.—By some mistake no vessel was ordered to
attend the Royal yacht on her voyage, and by the merest
chance the Doris met her at Palermo, when the captain
of the yacht suggested that she should accompany them in
case of accident, and luckily she did, for the yacht broke
down off Cape 800, at the commencement of a gale, one of
her paddlewheels becoming perfectly useless. The Doris
towed her for 47 hours, and on arrival at Malta had only
20 tons
nitons of coal left, or six hours' consumption. But for
th
still be at sea,is'the future Kings of England and Prussia might
paddle
only, The yacht now proceeds to sea with one
and returns to Malta to be repaired.