The Sun.
London, England, 1862-11-05 00:00:00

THE SUN) LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEIIIIEII, 5, 1862.

view to the discovery, if possible, of something
like a rational solution to it. Thanks
to this energetic person the difficulty now referred to
has at length for ever been (in parliamentary phrase)
thoroughly ventilated. It can no longer be blinked.
It must be taken into account frankly and seri-
ously as a matter to be discussed in sober earnest.
Before penning, however, another syllable in re-
ference to Miss GARRETT and her doings in the
Northern University, we will let our contemporary,
the Scotsman, :recount in precise terms the exact
nature of these proceedings. Says the Scotsman,
" A young English lady, Miss ELIZABETH GAR-
RETT, the daughter of a gentleman of independent
fortune, who has educated herself highly in classics
and in some of the physical sciences with a view to
the study of medicine, visited St. Andrews during
the summer, and intimated her desire to become a
student in several of the classes during the winter."
A proficient already in classics and in some of the
physical sciences, the would-be physicianess on
arriving at St. Andrews, we learn, " Received de-
cided encouragement from some of the professors,
and others were understood to say that they would
offer no opposition to her becoming a student. They
were all very gallant except, we believe, Professor
FERRIER, whose strong conservative tendencies led
him to oppose, and to intimate his opposition with
that candour which extorts the respect due to a
trusty opponent as to a trusty friend. Relying on
the encouragement which she had received, this
lady arrived in St. Andrews a few days ago, and on
Wednesday last applied to the Rev. Mr. MACBEAN,
Secretary of the University, for a matriculation
ticket, paid the usual fee, received the ticket, and
signed her name in the matriculation book." All
this showing the young lady to be perfectly in
earnest. "Next day," it is added, "she presented
her ticket to Dr. HEDDLE, the Professor of Che-
mistry, and asked leave to attend his lectures. He
stated that he had no personal objection, and gave
her a letter to Mr. IRELAND, the Secretary of the
United College, authorising him to give her a
ticket for the chemistry class. On presenting this
letter and pa 3 ing the class-fee, she, according to the
usual course, obtained the ticket. In the same way
she obtained a ticket for Dr. DAT's Class of Ana-
tomy and Physiology, he having no objections to her
being a member of it, but, on the contrary, giving
her a cordial welcome." So far, as the Scotsman
goes on to remark, " all this was very well, and
just what might have been expected from the dis-
tinguished and accomplished Professors of this
ancient and celebrated University. But unluckily
they seem somehow to have become alarmed at the
idea of being the first to take the lead, or rather
to permit of its being taken, in regard to this so-
called " innovation" of educating women in a Col-
lege, and in those branches of education that have
been generally confined to men or at least not sought
after by women. Accordingly on Saturday the
Senatus met and passed a resolution to the effect
that the issuing of the matriculation-ticket and the
class-ticket to Miss GARRETT was not sufficiently
authorised; that this novel question raised ought
to be deliberately considered and decided ;
that the opinion of other Universities and of
lawyers should be taken if thought expedient,
and that in the meantime Professors should be
enjoined to defer allowing the attendance of
this lady on the classes of the University."
Consequently, so far as relates to Miss GARRETT
at the present moment, the authorities have
brought that lady's movement in favour of extend-
ing the advantages of education to women, to a dead
stop. But thanks to the originator of that as yet un-
successful movement, the question of Female Edu-
cation must now, however reluctantly, be seriously
and completely taken into consideration.
With the decision of the St. Andrews' Senatus

we cannot in reason feel in way disposed to quar-
rel. It is the only conclusion they could as men of
common sense have arrived at. The Professors who
aided Miss GARRETT so chivalrously in her advance
towards the realisation of her object, must in truth
be acknowledged to have allowed their gallantry
to overmaster their discretion. Until some Female
University shall have been thoroughly organised
in the vague future•—shall we say in No Man's
Land somewhere about the epoch of the Mille-
nium—Miss GARRETT and her fair sisters with the
cerulean stockings, would probably do much better
to follow the advice of the old nursery ditty, to
" Sit by the fire and spin !"—dreaming dreams, if
they will, of the halcyon time to come, when some
as yet uncreated Alma Mater, having daughters in
lieu of sons, may flourish in arts, and letters, and

pain occasioned to the patient, and failed to esta-
blish the presence of the projectile, yet from the cri-
tical signs obtained by examination and otherwise,
it is the present opinion of the doctors assembled
in consultation that the ball exists in the wound.
It will therefore be necessary to repeat the exa-
mination at a more opportune moment, and deter-
mine the precis© position of the ball ; and, if possi-
ble, extract it without occasioning dangerous con-
sequences or serious lesions. At present the case
calls for no surgical operation whatever." Still
more it calls, on the contrary, for what is now be-
ing conceded abundantly to the illustrious patient
, —rest, fresh air, nutritious diet, cold water dress-
; ings, and fewer visitors.

The Cornhill Magazzne has an article in this
month's number on " Indian Cotton and its Supply,"
which is of special interest at the present time.
It is written by one who has the most thorough
knowledge of the subject, and makes use of infor-
mation as to the quantity of cotton grown in India,
which, singularly enough, has been overlooked by
all, though it is quite conclusive. Though for-
gotten now, the writer observes that it was with
Indian cotton WYATT, PAUL, ARKwRIGIIT, HAR-
GREAVES and CROMPTON first produced the yarns
which banished all fear of competition from Indian
goods. He answers the question how New Or-
leans cotton has driven out the Indian cotton in
the usual way—superior cleanliness being the chief
reason. It works thus :
" When it is considered that the produce in yarn of a
pound of American cotton averages thirteen and a half
ounces, while that of a pound of Surat is twelve ounces, it
will be no matter of surprise that the one should be pre-
ferred to the other; and when to this is added the fact that
the spinners obtain threepence halfpeLny for converting a
pound of Surat cotton into yarn, while for the yarn from
American cotton they receive but threepence farthing, the
only wonder is that Indian cotton has been used at all
while American was obtainable."

The shortness of the staple does not appear to
be of the importance frequently imagined ; and the
colour of the Indian cotton is so beautiful as to
cause it to be mixed with badly-coloured Orleans
cotton to improve it in that respect. All these
defects, indeed, hitherto noticed, are easily cor-
rected. Nothing is needed, but the certainty of
a reasonable price to insure extensive cultivation.
How important a part price plays in the matter
is seen by comparing the cost of cultivation of an
acre of the lowest kind of grain, maize, by a native
ryot, compared with the returns. These are
minutely given. The result is that the clear profit
on the cotton, as now cultivated, is 12s. 6-1-d., while
from the maize it is Ll ls. 6d. There are certain
local reasons which induce the ryot, notwithstand-
ing this difference, to cultivate cotton, but of course,
it could not be, under the circumstances, a largely
grown crop.

Interesting evidence is given of the perfection to
which native Indian cotton may be brought, merely
by reasonable care in the cultivation. The case of
a gentleman is mentioned who made this evident by
properly attending to a few acres in the very midst
of the neglected fields of the native growers. His
produce was treble theirs, the quality equally
superior, and by selecting the seeds of the best plant
he grew the next year cotton quite equal to that of
New Orleans, and surpassing it in brilliancy and
colour.

The price needed to bring a large supply from
India is not the extravagant one which now rules.
The cultivator has a profit on his crop at 2d. per lb.
on the spot; at 3d. he would have the inducement
to grow it considerably. And it could in that case
be landed at Liverpool, all charges included, for 51d.
Hence at 6d. a pound, as a steady price, we might
lock for a fair supply from India. The great thing
needed would be, to introduce European local
superintendence and direct dealing with the ryots;
the frauds to which they are subjected by the native
dealers being one principal reason why the grower
is somewhat shy of the crop, and why the Liver-
pool merchant finds it does not answer his purpose.
The quantity actually grown in India is very
fairly ascertained, through the transit duties, now
abolished; these duties from the province of Ben-
gal amounted to 1500,000, at a rate of a shilling
for every 801 b., " showing an annual export from
the provinces which furnished it of 800,000,001 b."
Estimating the surplus of the other cotton produc-
ing districts at the same amount, it would furnish a
total of 8,000,000 bales of 3001 b. each, as the total
of what India produced 40 years ago in excess of
the demands of the cotton districts themselves. It
is remarkable that this amounts to just the six
millions of bases spoken of by Lord SHAFTESBURY
as the produce of India; but then this was not all
disposable for foreign markets, it only shows what
India actually grew—a considerable surplus, how-
ever, going to China and England.

LATEST NEWS.

LISBON, Nov. 4.

The Cortes were opened to-day by a commission.
The royal speech was unimportant.
Don Jose Estevado, the great orator, has died
suddenly.
The news from the island of Fayal is bad. Earth-
quakes continue to occur.
The Duke of Saldanha will leave next Monday
as Ambassador to Rome.

ST, PETERSBURG, Nov. 5.

Count Victor Panin, Minister of Justice, has
been dismissed. The affairs of the Ministry have
been entrusted to his subordinate, Senator Zami•-

at nin.

An Imperial decree has been issued repealing cer-
tain taxes in Poland hitherto paid by Jews only,
but increasing the duties on brandy.

TURIN, Nov. 4.

The iTlonarchia Nazionale of to-day says :
" Rumours are current that the Ministry wishes
to dissolve the Chamber ; but, as the present state
of affairs requires rot only the activity of the
Ministry, but the participation of the entire coun-
try, in promoting internal organisation and further-
ing the aims of external policy, the agitation of
fresh elections bould not be regarded as opportune.
On this account the Government would not resort
to such a measure, unless compelled by events
which it could not prevent. If, therefore, a coali-
tion of hostile parties should succeed in forming
a fictitious majority, it would probably become the
duty of the Government to appeal to the electors for
the preservation of liberty and constitutional in-
stitutions. Let us hope that this complication will
not occur, and that those sections of Parliament
which uphold similar principles will remain united
to resist the attacks of parties of extreme opinions."