The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-02 00:00:00

Mr. Sumner on the South.

Subjoined are excerpts, comprising the most
important points, from Senator Sumner's speech,
delivered to the Massachusetts Republican State
Convention on the 14th ult. Senator Sumner
spoke as president of the Convention, and his ad-
dress occupied in delivery one hour and a half :
When last I addressed my fellow-citizens on public affairs,
at the close of the late Presidential election, as we were
about to vote for Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson,
I undertook to show the absolute identity between slavery
and the rebellion, so that one could not end without the
other. As I finished my address, I said to friends near
me, that it was "my last anti-slavery speech." I so thought
at the time ; for I anticipated the speedy downfall of the
rebellion, carrying with it slavery. I was mistaken.
Neither the rebellion nor slavery is yet fully ended. The
rebellion has been disarmed, but that is all. Slavery has
been abolished in name, but that is all. As there is still a
quasi rebellion, so is there still a quasi slavery. The work
of liberation is not yet completed. Nor can it be completed
until the equal rights of every person once claimed as a
slave are placed under the safeguard of irreversible guaran-
tees. It is not enough to strike down the masters, you must
also lift up the slave. It is not enough to declare that
slavery is abolished. The whole black code, which is the
supplement of slavery, must give place to that equality
before the law which is the very essence of liberty. It is an
old principle of the common law, recognised by all our courts
as announced by Lord Coke, that "where the law granteth
anything to any one, that also is granted without which
the thing itself cannot be." So also where a piece of land
is granted which is shut in by the possession of the
grantor, a right of way is implied from common justice and
the necessity of the case. Until all is done in every parti-
cular and beyond possibility of question, it is in vain to say
that emancipation has been secured. The good work is
only half done. It must be continued to its assured con-
summation. There is another object kindred to security, or
perhaps embraced in security ; and that is the national
faith. This, too, must be placed beyond cavil, or even " sus-
picion." No nation can be powerful enough to disregard
this sacred bond. Character, fame, and pi osperity itself are
dependent upon its observance. But the national faith
is engaged, first to the national freedmen, and secondly to
the national creditors. No undertaking can be more com-
plete and inviolable, because it constituted the considera-
tion for those services and supplies by which the life of the
Republic has been preserved. The national faithis pledged
to the national freedmen, not only by the act of emancipa-
tion, which in its very essence and from the very nature of
the case is a " warranty of title," but also by the plain and
positive promises of the proclamation, that " the executive
Government of the United States, including the military
and naval authority thereof, will recognise and maintain
the freedom of such persons." Words could not b 3 more
binding, and the history of their introduction testifies to
their significance and efficacy. They were not in the ori-
ginal draft by president Lincoln, but were inserted at the
suggestion of Mr. Seward, when the proclamation was
read to the Cabinet; and there they stand without any
limitation of time or place, binding the republic in its na-
tional character, through its Executive, including the mili-
tary and naval authority, not only to recognise but to
maintain the freedom of the emancipated slave ; and this is
to be done not in any special locality, but everywhere, and
not only for a day or a year, but for all time. Our obliga-
tion to the national creditors is of the same validity, ap-
proved by successive acts of Congress, ratified by the popu-
lar will, and fixed beyond recall by the actual enjoyment of
the precious fruits for which the debt was incurred. Repu-
diation of our bonds whether to the national creditors or to
the national freedmen, would be a shame and a crime, and
the national faith is irrevocably plighted to the two alike.
Here is the proclamation, and here is the Treasury note.
Look at the signatures and look at the terms. The former
is signed by the President himself, Abraham Lincoln ; the
latter is signed by an unknown clerk whose name I cannot
decipher. The former is stronger and more positive in its
terms than the latter. The Treasury note simply says that
it is "redeemable after a certain date," and that "this debt
is authorised by act of Congress." The binding terms of
the proclamation, which I have already read are solemnly
enforced by that memorable invocation at the close :—"And
upon this act, siecerely believed to be an act of justice war-
ranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I in-
voke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious
favour of Almighty God." Thus religion comes to confirm
the pledge with sanctions of its own. That pledge is as
enduring as the republic itself.

Meanwhile we must follow Congress in the present ex-
clusion of all rebels upon political power. They must not be
voted for, and they must not vote ; on this principle I take
my stand. Let them buy and sell, let them till the ground
—and may they be industrious and successful. These things
they may do ; but they must not be admitted at once into
the copartnership of our Government. As well might the
respectable Mr. Ketchum reinstate his son at once in the
powers of a co-partner. The father received his son with
parental affection, and forgave him, but he did not invite
the criminal to resume his former desk in Wall-street.
And yet Edward Ketchum, who had robbed and forged on
an unprecedented scale, is as worthy of trust in the old
banking-house as our rebels in the Government of the
country. A long probation will be needed before either
can be admitted to his former fellowship. The state of
outlawry is the present condition of each, and this condition
must not be hastily relaxed. Congress has already set the
example by excluding from " any office of honour or profit
under the Government of the United States," and also by
excluding as councillor at law from any court of the United
States, every person who has given "aid or countenance "
to the rebellion, or who has "sought or accepted any office
whatever" under it, or who has yielded to it any "voluntary
support." This exclusion, thus sanctioned by Congress,
must be the polestar of our national policy. If rebels cannot
be officers under our Government, they ought not to be
voters. They should be politically disfranchised, purely and
simply, as a measure of self-defence, and in order to
prepare the way for those guarantees which we seek.
" Vipers cannot use their venom in the cold." These are
words of political wisdom as well as of scientific truth, and
a great Italian writer did not hesitate to inculcate from
them the same lesson as I do now. Still further, in obtain-
ing guarantees we must look confidently to Congress, which
has plenary powers over the whole subject. Congress can
do everything needful. It has already begun by excluding
rebels from office. It must continue its jurisdiction ;
whether, through tho war powers, or the duty to guarantee
a republican form of government, or the necessity of the
case, as in territories, is a matter of little importance. It
is of less importance under which of its powers this is done
than that it is done. Continuing its jurisdiction, Congress
must supervise and fix the conditions of order, so that the
national security and national faith shall not suffer. Here
is a sacred obligation which cannot be postponed. All these
guarantees should be completed and crowned by an amend-
ment of the Constitution of the United States, especially
providing that hereafter there shall be no denial of the elec-
toral franchise, or any exclusion of any kind on account of
colour or race, but all persons shall be equal before the law.
At this moment, under the just interpretation of the Consti-
tution, three-fourths of the States actually co-operating in
the national Government are sufficient for this change. The
words of the Constitution are that amendments shall be
valid to all intents and purposes " when ratified by three-
fourths of the Legislature of the several States;" or, accord-
ing to practical sense, by three-fourths of the States that
have Legislatures. If a State has no Legislature it cannot
be counted in determining the quorum of either House of
Congress, where precisely the same question occurs. Any
other interpretation recognises the rebellion, and plays into
its hands by conceding its power, through rebellious con-
trivance, to prevent an amendment of the Constitution
essential to the general welfare.

For myself, fellow-citizens, pardon me if I say that my
course is fixed. Others may hesitate; others may turn away
from those great truths which rnake the far-reaching bright-
ness of the Republic; ethers may seek a temporary favour by
a temporary surrender. I shall not. The victory of blood,
which has been so won, must be confirmed by a greater vic-
tory of idea, so that the renowned words of Abraham Lin-
coln maybe fulfilled, and "this nation under God shall hare
a new birth of freedom, and goVernment of the people, by
the people and for the people, shall not perish from the
earth." To this end I seek no merely formal Union seething
with smothered curses, but a practical, moral, and political
unity, founded on common rights knit together by common
interests, and inspired by a common faith, where our Con-
stitution, interpreted anew, shall be a covenant with life
and a league with Heaven, and liberty shall be everywhere
not only a right, but a duty. John Brown, on his way to
the scaffold, where he was to atone with life for a deed of
self-sacrifice, stooped to take up a slave child. That closing
act was the legacy of the dying man to his country. That
benediction we must continue and fulfil. Thelasotssthpaolnled,be
first ; and so, in this new order, equality, long postponed,
shall become the master principle of our system and the
very
frontispiece of our Constitution. The rebellion was to
boat clown this principle by founding a Government on the
alleged " inferiority of a race." Taking up the gauntlet,
I now insist that the insolent assumption of the conspirators
shall not prevail. This is not the first time that I have
battled with the barbarism of slavery. I battle still, as
the bloody monster retreats to its last citadel, and God
willing, I mean " to fight it out on this line," if it takes
what remains to mo of life.

MR. HARRY COPELAND, the author of the now
universal song " Slap Bang," is recently deceased.
MORISON'S PILLS OF THE BRITISH COLLEGE OF
HE ~LTII, EUSTON-ROAD, LONDON.-All persons should
know that the above medicine can be sent by post on receipt
of 30 postage stamps for two boxes, Nos. 1 and 2, I.3id size.
--EA dvcrtisement

•
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HER MAJESTY.

BALMORAL, Sept. 29.

The Queen drove out in the morning with Prin-
cess Louise ; and in the afternoon her Majesty went
out with Princess Louis of Hesse.

Their Royal llighnesses the Prince and Princess
Louise of Hesse, Princess Helena, Princess Louise,
and Princess Beatrice went to a gillies' ball at Aber-
geldie, given by the Prince of Wales, in the evening.
Baroness de Schenck, Baron de Rabenau, and
Colonel the Hon. D. de Ros were in attendance.

The Earl of .Dalhousie and Lady Christian Maule
arrived at the Castle on a visit, and had the honour
of dining with the Queen and royal family.

SEPT. 30.

The Queen, accompanied by Princess Louise
and Princess Beatrice, and attended by Lady Ely,
drove yesterday to Alt-na-Guitha-sack.
Princess Louis of Hesse and Princess Helena
went out driving in the morning ; and in the after-
noon Princess Helena drove out with Lady Chris-
tian Maule, the Hon. Mrs. Grey, and Miss Grey.
The Earl of Dalhousie, Lady Christian Maule,
and Sir Charles Wood had the honour of dining
with the Queen and royal family.

Foreign Courts.
PARIS, Sept. 30.

The Emperor and Empress, letters state, intend
in returning from Biarritz to pass a day at Bor-
deaux. A request made by the inhabitants of
Rochefort for a similar favour was obliged to be
refused.

General Baron Chazal, Belgian Minister of War,
now resident on his estate of Usez, near Pau, has
had the honour of a private audience with the Em-
peror Napoleon at Biarritz.

Baron Saillard, sent by the Grench government
on a mission to Tunis, arrived in the waters of the
Regency on the 19th inst.

The Duke of Northumberland and Lady Louisa
Percy will leave Alnwick Castle to-day for Nor-
thumberland House, on their way to pass, the win-
ter at Torquay.

The Duchess of St. Albans and Viscount Falk-
land, accompanied by Lady Diana Beauclerk, have
arrived at their residence at Princes-gate, Knights-
bridge, for a few days.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Clanricarde
left their residence in Stratton-street, on Saturday,
on a visit to the Earl and Countess of Cork, at
Marston House, in Somersetshire.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Waterford will,
during the ensuing week, receive a distinguished
circle at Curraghmore, the family seat in the county
of Waterford, to celebrate the coming of age of the
Earl of Tyrone, M.P. The rejoicings will extend
over several days; and all persons connected with
the extensive landed estates of the Beresford family
in the county will participate in the celebration.
The marriage of the Marquis Townshend and
Lady Anne Duff, eldest daughter of the Earl and
Countess of Fife, is, we hear, appointed to take
place on the 17th inst.

The Marquis of Ormonde attains his majority on
Thursday next, when there are to be grand enter-
tainments at Kilkenny Castle to the tenantry and
the labourers, employed on the Irish estates of the
family.

The Earl and Countess of Erroll are entertaining
a select circle at Slains Castle, Aberdeenshire.

Viscount and Viscountess Chelsea, who arrived
at the Earl Craven's house, in Charles-street, Ber-
keley-square, on Friday, have since gone to Ash-
down Park, Berks, on a visit to the Ear] and
Countess Craven, who are entertaining a select
family party.
Lady Francis and Miss Gordon have arrived in
town from Germany.
The Right Hon. B. Disraeli and Mrs. Disraeli
have returned to Hughenden Manor from Woburn
Abbey.

QUEEN EMMA OF TIIE SANDWICH Islands is about
to visit the Isle of Wight, and during her residence in the
island she will pay a visit to Mr. Alfred Tennyson, at
Freshwater.

MARIO AND GRISI IN THEIR OLD HAUNTS.—The
rumour that Signor Mario as well as Madame Grisi will
sing next season for Mr. Mapleson gains ground ; Mr. Gye
having had the unlucky fortune this year of dissatisfying
every one—unless it be those disposed to bow down and
worship Mdlle. Lucca.

TilE TEMPLE CHURCH was re-opened for Divine
service yesterday.

M. JULLIEN will open her Majesty's with pro-
menade concerts forthwith.

FECHTER, we are glad to hear, has met with
great success in Scotland.
A LIFE OF CHARLES LAMB, by Barry Cornwall,
is said to be preparing for publication by Messrs. yoxon—
as also a new poem by Mr. Swinbourne, the young poet
of " Atalanta in Calydon."

A NEW MASS, BYGOITNOD, is talked of as forth-
coming.

GOUNOD'S ROMEO AND JULIET" will be first
produced in Paris, at the Lyrique, with Mme. Carvalho as
Juliet. The Italian adaptation has been secured by Mr.
Gye for the Royal Italian Opera; Juliet by Adelina Patti.
Mr. BENEDICT IS AT WORK ON A GRAND OPERA
for the German stage, founded on the exquisite psycolo-
gical story of Schiller, the "Ghost-Seer."

Mn BALFE has left Biarritz to enjoy a little boar
hunting on the estate of his son-in-law the Duke of Frias
Estramaduras.

MR. SALA STARTED ON THURSDAY FOR GLASGOW,
where he will deliver three lectures on Europe,
America, and Africa, or, to narrow the subject down to
the capabilities of three short lectures, England, the United
States, and Algiers.

SIR HARRY PARKES, the new Minister in Japan,
is establishing his legation at Yaddo.

A GIANT BIGGER EVEN THAN CHANG, measuring
some 81t., is on his way to England ; and we believe it is
not unlikely the new importation will, under the tutelage
of Professor Anderson, cause Chang's light to pale.

A change in the Indian-office is again talked :of
as imminent. It is said that Sir Charles Wood will retire
next month, and be succeeded by the Duke of Argyll.
THE EXTRAORDINARY CHARGE AT STAFFORD.—
Further particulars have been published respecting
the charge against Mr. G. F. Griffin, son of one of the ma-
gistrates of Stafford, on the charge of concealing the birth
of his housekeeper's infant child, by taking away the body
in a portmanteau, and throwing it into theriver Mawddach
near Dolgelly, Merionethshire. It is feared the charge
will ultimately resolve itself into one of wilful murder
it
was whotable of Me
t h foundro
w ny
the tide. The theb
against the housekeeper, as the post mortem examination
of the body shows that the child was born alive, and met
-
with its deathbiynsvtiowiehnoesee garden •
The
person
wall
body in Wales was gardener to the chief cons
rionethshir
magistrates have admitted both prisoners toe, against
bail,to the surprise of nearly all the inhabitants, who think
the; should have been detained in custody until after the
result of the inquest was made known.
The accounts from the manufacturing districts
for the past week state that business generally has
been active. At Manchester there has been a good
export demand for both cloths and yarns, and
prices have tended upwards. The woollen trade
of Leeds, Bradford, and Huddersfield continued
reasonably active. • The fineness of the wea-
ther, however, has delayed operations on winter
fabrics. At Leicester and Nottingham the hosiery
and lace trades have remained without material
change, while in the hardware districts of Birming-
ham, Sheffield, and Wolverhampton more anima-
tion has prevailed, consequent upon an increased
demand for exportation chiefly to America.

BREAKFAST BLVERAGE.—Elomceopathic practitioners, and
the medical profession generally, recommend cocoa as being
tle most healthful of al, beverages. When the doctrine of
homeopathy was first introducei into this country, there -
were to be obtained no preparations of cocoa either attrac-
tive to the taste or acceptai le to the stomach ; the nut was
either supplied in the crude state, or so uuskiliully manu-
factured as to obtain little notice. J. Epps, of London,
homceopathic chemist, was induced in the year 1839 to turn
his attention to this subje t, and at length succeeded, with
the assistance of elaborate machinery, in being the first to
produce an ar,icle pure in its composition, aid so refined by
the pert .et trituration it te.eives in the process it passes
hrough, as to be most acceptable to the delicate stomach.
For general use Epps' cocoa is distinguished as an invigo-
rating, grateful breakfast beverage, with a delLious aroma
Dr. llassall in his work, "Food and its Adulterations,'s
says—" Cocoa contains a great variety of important nutritive
principles; every ingredient neressary to the growth and
sustenance of the bcdy." Again, "As a nutritive, cocoa
stands very much higher than either coffee or tea." Direc-
tions : —Two teaspoonfuls of the powder in a breakfast cup,
filled up with bailing; wat:r or milk. Secured in tin-lined
-Ib, and lib. pactets, and sold at Is. 6d. per
At). by grocers, confectioners, and chemists.