The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-16 00:00:00

9


..........,,_____,......____,-- e::---2--------:---2-"f;:ecc:___:•....:.,-----.___.gifntr......:,:(„\\_\..et.z:.
~.‹......)
„_.
7...., ....., ~.
. . ' .
...," '
#., 4.177.'0: r=!. V 7! . - ......• 4. E
- • - ...
..-„,7-•-•:..., •
• ..„ . ~.., ,;.T.•-e,- ~... ti Z
•
..-....,..
...-v_.,„ -..; .
.....0,-.7i) ,
~,-,----: •,€•*-4 ,
.., E . _, , . ••,.......,,q. _ . , .
----..„
--N ~ - :__
~.
~,k, 4:- A,;,
I the system. Dr. Smart's formula is two omi.•lSail ~,.z. Pir -4),,
•ie'- ka P ..‘4,
,
''''' @ ---,
V k" . ^4
k• ',i. i .----
:v •v -- A , ~ . ~,...,
-. „... - r...i.,4),,
~...,,1..2,,,,, ...„ ,
. )....,, _ )
4,,..,..Ath:'.1:4!...1-'',,,: ~, ~,
,eibs „i„,..... , ..„„ V (44001' •,..'" ,-..es-111 --7-44',;,), ' ' '''!ili
'''''''''s' -41 --''
\ * 4Dt\N --_,-,_.:7_"w#"--,e, ' '
~.„0......„ . y
....„,
~, \.., ~,,
tftw _____ . gape' •' ' • '
-'‘ V''''..*W,. ... - 1 .
'. ---- - ..7....2ft /A, - ~ A .44N. -..
As„,.. - - , _,,,„,...„...,.. /-, i \i.
. ...Ni,..,,,-. .
~ ~..: , 1 _
______:=.- ...,4): -., - v_ . spirit), with onotounce ...,
this ho combine- 73s a. 7 s
c.
-
1'.....,,,,,6-')'''—‘47.4Z"4-%„—..‹.;,:-.7- ts.t kil z'vz, *,, v-- LZ:b.°4---',l. "4;7 ~ - '..---7:-A6,.'' ' par-,"±:- . rsiz,4>;.,
2,-, 1-2, . 4,,, .„
/4.
„ .
- .
~ „_ • ~, co. • DIE s ;itto, , /„./. lif lillho 16,0t1, ' tr),,l, .•,- ~ ,Z, .49 if; ' j
----,-, ~. ,
...
1." ,
' . '''S'---...' ''''alfir;,lolo ^,, 4e,..- DI T.
,/
•

acetatis ammonia (Mindererus's
sweet spirits of nitre, and with
mulant six drachms of the carbonate of ammonia in nine
ounces of water. This may be given three times in the day.
"20. The loaded state of the alimentary canal, which is
so constant an occurrence in rinderpest, requires to be re-
lived by the use of mild laxative medicines, given very
early in the disease. But strong saline and drastic purga-
tives must on no account be used, as their action wouldnot
only exhaust the animal's strength, but would prove most
injurious by the irritation it would occasion to the mucous
lining of the intestines in its highly congested and tender
state. Professor Dick prefers as a laxative linseed oil in
doses of 16 ounces, to which he adds half a mutchkin of
whisky. Dr. Smart recommends a laxative consisting of
two ounces of sulphur, ono ounce of nitre, one ounce of
pounded ginger, and one pound of treacle with water to
make a quart. Whichever of these laxatives be given, it
must be repeated at intervals of some hours till a full effect
has been produced. In some cases scouring (diarrhoea)
proves a troublesome symptom, for the relief of which Pro-
fessor Dick recommends the use of lime water in doses of a
quart, to which he adds from half an ounce to an ounce of
laudanum, and this he gives three times a day till the
diarrh(ea has been subdued.. The use of stimulants should
follow upon these remedies, or, if need be, they may bo
given simultaneously with them. The carbonate of am-
monia is that which seems to act most beneficially, and this
may be given in six drachm doses three times a day. To
promote cent alescence tonics aro prescribed. These may
may consist of either sulphate'of iron in half-ounce dose;
given twice a day, as, recommended by Professor Dick, or
of powder of cinchona in doses of ono ounce and a half,
given once a day as recommended by Dr. Smart."

PRICE 4d.
STAMPED sd.

Bank there, and this is about the difference between
the diminution of coin in the Bank now and two
years since. In 1863
14th
dbouclltoer to
bullion was on 23d Sept— £15,432,838
14,573,611
It fell coin
on

£859,227
This year—
The coin and bullion was on 20th Sept... £14,219,842
The coin and bullion was on 11th 0ct.... 12,736,346

£1,483,496
The difference between this year and 1863 does not,
of course, exactly coincide with the amount of the
Irish demand. But £lOO,OOO or so is of no mo-
ment in such calculations as the present. And it
is very possible that more coin may have gone to
Ireland than is known. Very much larger sums
that are constantly added to and constantly taken
from both the note circulation and the coin
without exciting remark or being susceptible of
explanation. It is to be observed that this Irish
demand, though ultimately a demand for coin only,
also lowers the reserve of notes. To get the coin
the Irish banks, by the sale of securities or other-
wise, first obtain a credit at the banking department,
then change that credit into notes, then cash those
notes at the issue department, and this additional
cause amply explains why the demand for notes in
1865 is greater than in 1863. This Fenian disturb-
ance is an influence, happily infinitesimally slight,
acting on the credit of the country, and the
periodical demand for circulation is a cause acting
on the cash and coin of the country, but there
has been a larger cause in operation acting on
our capital, This is the cotton speculation.
This affects- £he rate of discount in the simplest
of all ways ; it brings new bills and securities into
Lombard-street. The man who wishes to buy
cotton must get a credit at his bankers to buy it
with, and he must raise that credit by borrowing
upon or selling some property. Accordingly, during
the first ten days of October there was a sudden
access of bills into Lombard-street, conspicuously
evinced by the rise in the private securities, to which
we last week very pointedly drew attention. It is
known to every person who has studied the subject
how wholly separate this demand for discount is
from the demand for actual cash. But it is not
often easy to set it before common persons by an
effective illustration. It so happens, however, that
a few weeks since a very clear and concise paper
was read by Sir John Lubbock before the Statistical
Society, which gives almost exactly the information
required. Sir John Lubbock examined £19,000,000
of payments by the London customers of the Bank,
and found that they were effected as follows :
By cheques and bills £18,395,000
Bank notes 408,000
Country ditto
Coin

The committee add that they " entertain no pre-
judice for or against any particular system of treat-
ment; they do not believe in any specific for the
cure of rinderpest. They believe that in this as in
all other diseases sound pathological knowledge of
the disease constitutes the only reliable basis for
safe or successful treatment. They believe further
that the treatment they have recommended can only
prove successful if all the items be carefully and
faithfully carried out in practice, whether as regards
diet, regimen, tending, or medicine."

£19,000,000
So that only about a thirty-third fractional part, or
less than eighteenpence in the pound, of this large
sum of transactions was effected in what would
commonly be called cash. The pettiness, so to
speak, of the sphere in which alone coin and Bank
notes are used could not be made more evident, and
any one who considers these instructive figures will
have no difficulty in understanding that a very
great augmentation could take place in the business
of Lombard-street without any appreciable increase
in the active circulation of notes and sovereigns.
These three causes wouldnot have caused so great an
effect if they had come at an ordinary time, but
they fell upon a perid predisposed to aggravate their
consequences, as we have so often shown. The
capital market of the country is in an unusually
delicate state. The investments in which it has
been embarked, especially in 1874, though not above
its strength, were sufficient for its strength, and the
new companies, whose characteristic use is to act as
borrowing brokers for other nations, are sure to
keep us low, as far as their credit extends, and
begin to act with effect so soon as the rate
of interest has long been low. As we have
said, the trade of many districts has been ra-
pidly starting forward. In the early part of Octo-
ber, any cause for creating an unusal demand for
capital was sure to produce an uncommon effect.
Unhappily, the cash market, if we may so speak,
was more delicate still. The reserve of notes, which
in 1863 ranged from £8,500,000 to £6,400,000,
without producing an important effect, has now
fallen from £6,600,000 to £4,300,000, and the result
is what we see. So soon as the reserve of notes is'
under £5,000,000 the public begin to feel nervous,
if not alarmed, and the Bank Directors have learned
by severe experience that it behoves them to act
promptly and effectually. These influences acting
upon a world so predisposed to receive them are
quite enough to explain the rise in the rate of dis-
count. How far these influences are due to irreme-
diable nature, and how far to improvable policy or
alterable legislation, we shall discuss in our next
issue.

The Cattle Plague,
. .

EDINBURGH.

An interim report on this subject has been pre-
sented to the Lord Provost and magistrates of Edin-
burgh by the Medical Committee, lately appointed
by them to investigate the causes and symptoms of
rinderpest, and the means of prevention and cure.
The report is signed by Dr. Andrew Wood, the
chairman, and may be regarded as embodying
the best available skill of the medical and veteri-
nary colleges of Edinburgh. The following is an
abstract of its conclusions :

'l. That the disease is communicated by contagion
'rom diseased to healthy cattle, and apparently by conta-
gion alone. 2. That the poison of rinderpest is a specific
poison, which filth may intensify but cannot generate. 8.
That the question whether the contagion can bepropagated
by inoculation remains to be tested. 4. That the poison,
as in other zymotic diseases, is introduced chiefly by means
of inhalation into the lungs, from which it passes into the
blood, where it multiplies itself, and is thence carried to
every tissue and organ of the body. 5. That it seems
probable that infection may be carried by the poison ad-
hering to the clothes of persons in attendance on the dis-
eased cattle. 6. That the liability of sheep to take rinder-
pest, or to carry infection, is being submitted to tests in
this city, which may be regarded as decisive. 7. That,
oven during unsuspected incubation, infected animals may
communicate the disease to others. 8. That the period of
incubation generally lasts for six or seven, but may extend
to 10 or 14, or even to 21 days. 9. That there is a great
risk under present circumstances in bringing together
droves of cattle, as at fairs or markets, as animals may
communicate infection which yet show no outward symp-
toms of the disease. 10. That fairs and markets for the
sale of lean or store cattle ought to be for the present sus-
pended, and the greatest caution should be exercised in
regard to the traffic in fat cattle, and where markets for
fat cattle aro unavoidable, they should be held twice a
week, so that the cattle purchased by butchers may be
slaughtered without delay. 11. Tho committee are de-
cidedly of opinion that cases of rinderpest may and ought
to be treated with a view to cure ; that the disease, if seen
in its earlier stages, is amenable to treatment, and that
even where the symptoms have become serious, the case
is not to be looked upon as hopeless or its treatment
abandoned. 12. That the disease may be expected to be-
come milder in its type and more tractable after it had
lasted some time, and the proportion of deaths will become
notably diminished ; 13. That the committee deprecate and
strongly protest against the indiscriminate slaughter re-
commended, and to a large extent acted upon throughout
the country ; 18. That it is of the greatest importance that
persons attending on cattle should be conversant with the
earliest symptoms of the disease, and be on the look-out to
detect it."

The report proceeds to specify the symptoms and
pathological conditions of the infected animals ; and,
remarking that, rinderpest is a disease of low type,
and the tendency to death is by exhaustion, so that
violent and lowering treatment is wholly inadmis-
sible, the report proceeds to offer the following as a
safe and simple mode of treatment, which has led
to recoveries under their own eyes, and which seems
worthy of a fair and extensive trial :
" 18. The animal should as soon as the disease is detected
be separated from other cattle and placed in a comfortable
outhouse, byre, loose box, or stable, well ventilated, but
not cold. If wooden sheds be used, they should be so con-
structed as to admit of being easily kept warm—say at a
temperature of about 70 degrees. The greatest attention
must, of course, be paid to cleanliness. The manure should
be frequently removed, and all of it submitted to the action
of disinfectants, of which the best is the chloride of lime
(bleaching powder).
"19. It is of great importance to promote the circulation
of the skin and to restore the natural heat of the surface.
For this purpose the animal should bo carefully and vigo-
rously rubbed down, and then covered with a warm rug.
Warm drinks of gruel, bran tea, or hay tea, should be
copiously administered, and these should constitute the
only food of the animal in the early stage. The animal,
which is generally thirsty, imay be allowed as much cold
water as it wishes. Stimulant diaphoretics, and diuretics,
will also be found useful as tending to promote the action of
the skin and kidney s,and thus to relieve internal congestion,
and to ad in eliminating the poison of the disease from