The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-14 00:00:00

Liverpool Cotton Market—This Day.

Lifeboat Services.

DISCOVERY OF A PIECE OF FOSSIL IVORY IN A
CAVERN IN PERIGORD BEARING A REPRESENTATION
OF A MAMMOTH.—On 21st August last M. Milne Edwards
communicated a letter from M. Lartet to 'the Academy of
Sciences of France, on the discovery (May, 1864), in the
ossiferous deposit of La Madelaine, of fragments of a plate
of ivory, upon the surface of which rude lines of the figure
of some animal had been cut. The late Dr. Falconer, who
was present with M. Lartet and Christy when the
drawing was found, at once recognised the head to be that
of an elephant, and, from a number of lines on the neck,
that it was intended to represent an elephant with
a long mane—in fact, the "mammoth." As a
figure of this interesting relic has not yet been
published, it wouid be unwise to pronounce finall
upon its authenticity; but wo have the favourable opiuio
of MM. Lartet, Milne-Edwards, Quatrefages, Desnoyers,
and of our own distinguished countryman, the late Dr.
Hugh Falconer, and Mr. A. W. Franks, President of the
Society of Antiquaries (who have seen and examined it.)
The importance of this positive evidence of the contem-
poraneity of man with the mammoth in the south of
France cannot, we think, be too highly estimated. Nu-
merous carvings on bone and horn, accurately representing
the reindeer, musk-ox, horse, and other animals, found
in these same caverns of Dordogne, afford ample proof
of the artistic skill of these ancient people, and
of their ability to represent the wild animals with
which they were familiar inthe chase. It is extremely
improbable that they would have drawn an elephant
from imagination; how much more inprobable that they
should, without knowing the mammoth, have depicted not
only his general form, but represented him as a hairy
beast with a thick mane !—as dewribed by M. Adams in
1799, from the specimen found imbedded in ice at the
mouth of the Lena in Siberia, some of the long hair of
which may be seen in the British Museum.—Geological
Magazine.

, DEATH OF A. B. HOLLINGSWORTH.—This once
most popular comic favourite of the London Music
Halls died on Tuesday morning last, the 10th inst., at the
early age of 36. Although afflicted since June, 1863, with
total blindness, caused by partial paralysis-of the brain,
through over study and exertion in his profession, and sub-
ject at times to severe fits of an epileptic nature, his demise
was very sudden and unexpected, he having been in pretty
good health, and sang before the public at the Bedford Music
Hall (where he was, through the kindness of Mr. Thorn-
ton, the proprietor, fulfilling a trial engagement to see
whether he would be enabled to carry on his profession)
so late as the Thursday previous. He first appeared at
Wilton's Music Hall as a Negro singer in 1853, remaining
there for a period of five years, since which time he has
I been in various engagements at every music hall in the
metropolis, and his name will be associated with " the
Oxford" for having sung the first comic at that establish-
ment. During his affliction he received the greatest marks
of sympathy and substantial benefits at the hands of his
brother and sister professionals, all of whom will hear of
his premature decease with sorrow and regret. He will
be buried at Finchley Cemetery, 3 p.m., on Monday next,
and leaves a widow and son to lament his loss.

THE WHITE HART INN, SOUTHWARK.—The old inns
which have long characterised Southwark can scarcely
hope to keep their place much longer. The large area they
occupy in the shape of courts surrounded by buildings,
with land at its present value, is too tempting a bait to
owners and speculators to be resisted. The Tabard—
Chaucer's Tabard—as we said was about to be the case
some months ago, has been sold, and is probably doomed
to give way to modern buildings. The White Hart Inn,
close by it, has been partly demolished within the last few
weeks, and on the south side of the yard new buildings are
being erected. The White Hart was the headquarters of
Jack Cade when he held London, briefly, in the reign of
Henry VI. Shakspere makes (him say, "Hath my sword,
therefore, broke through London gates that you should
leave me at the White Hart in Southwark ?" The late Mr.
G. R. Corner quotes a contemporary account of some of
Cade's doings in Southwark, and " The Chronicle of the
Grey Friars" records that—" At the Whyt Harte in South-
warko one Hawaydyne of Sent Martyns, was beheddyd."
Jack Cade's Inn, however, was burnt down in the great
fire that consumed about 600 houses in Southwark in
the year 1676, but was rebuilt soon after on that
model of the old one. It was in the present inn yard that
Mr. Sam Weller waft first introduced to an admiring pitb-
lic.—Builder.

USEFUL RESIDUES.—A singular instance of the
advantages which may result from an intelligent
application of the principles of chemistry in the manufac-
ture of various substances on a large scale may be seen in
a paper recently presented to the Academy of Sciences by
M. Kopp. Chloride of lime is prepared for the trade by
exposing slacked lime thinly spread upon hurdles to the
1 action of a current of chlorine evolved from black oxide of
manganese treated with hydrochloric acid. The liquid and
acid residues of this process flow, according to M. Kopp's
system, into large basins, where they find a sufficient quan-
tity of the refuse of raw soda to destroy the chlorine
existing in the free state, and to reduce the per-chloride
and sosquichloride of iron and manganese, also contained
in the residues, to the state of protochlorides by depriving
them of a part of their chlorine. This leads to the preci-
pitation of sulphur derived from the refuse of soda, and the
evolution of a small quantity of sulphuretted hydrogen,a
which is brought into contact with hydrate of
liquid has
of iron in order to be absorbed by it. The
this
now lost its chlorine, but it is still acid ; and
state it is led off into a special appara
finds a fresh quantity of soda refuse. "Jul ,E, erraet itn
which ensues causes the development of a large quan-
tity of sulphuretted hydrogen, whichis burnt so as
to yield at pleasure either sulphur and water or sulphur-
ous gas and water. The
tit re
changesa_, that of sulphuret of
which take place in conse.
are—i,
quence of this arrangement
limo into quicklime and hysulphuret of limo; 2, of the
latter into hyposulphite of lime ; 3, of this into a mixture
of sulphite of limo and sulphur; and 4, of the
sulphite into sulphate, while the free sulphur trans-
forms a new quantity of sulphuret of lime into
,bisul-
phuret. From the heaps of refuse derived from these
various reactions, and exposed to the lixiviating influence of
rain, there flows a yellowish or orange-coloured brine,
which is highlyalkaline and sulphurous, containing various
polysulphurets and hyposulphites of limo and soda in dis-
solution.. This liquid, which is hurtful both to plants and
animals, and had hitherto never been turned to account, is
exposed by M. Kopp to the open air in shallow vessels,
where it spontaneously absorbs the oxygen of the air
during summer; or else he heats it with sulphurous gas,
in either way obtaining neutral precipitates of chlorides of
manganese and iron, or polysulphurets to be applied to the
manufacture of sulphuric acid.

The cotton market continues very firm at har-
dening prices. Sales, probably 20,000 bales or
more.

DUNBAR, N. 8., (Friday Night).
Mr. Itume, Lloyd's agent at this place, reports :—" I
have just time to say that the lifeboat of the National
Lifeboat Institution on this station has been .the moans of
saving five men from a vessel Ivrecked this morning."
This boat is the gift of Lady Cuninghazn-Fairlie to _ the
institution, and it is named the " Wallace,":after the well-
known patriot and hero of Scotland.

BAItMOUTII, IVALts (Friday Night).
At 10 o'clock this morning a large ship was seen to
strike on St. Patrick's Canseway some miles off this place.
The lifeboat of the National Institution was immediately
launched and put off with the view of rendering assistance
to the ship. After the vessel had remained about twenty
minutes on the rocks, the ship fortunately got off and pro-
ceeded on her voyage down Channel.

BALLYCOTTON, IItELAXD, Oct. 12.
A ship having been observed in Ballycotton Bay in
distress (reports the Rev. D. O'Siillwan), the lifeboat of the
National Institution was launched as soon as practicable,
and proceeded to her assistance. She remained by the
vessel all night, as the crew feared thy would be com-
pelled to abandon her before morning. However by that
time the ship had come to arplace of safety.

,
UNITED, TATES' Chops.--The Hon. Isaac Newton,
Commissioner of Agriculture, has authorised the following
statement as to the coadition of the crops on the Ist of Sep-
tember. Tfie quality of the wheat crop is not good, espe-
cially in the Western States, where it was affected by blight
and rust, as well as by the wet weather during the harvest.
Of the old wheat on hand, there is not as much as supposed
in the hands of the farmers. The oat crop received no
great deal of injury from the wet weather, and it may be
regarded as one of the largest oat crop ever raised in the
country. The injury to the hay in the west was very great,
in the east it received but tittle damage from wet weather.
Generally the quality is good, except in the States of Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. The corn crop, owing to
the continued heat and moisture of the weather; has escaped
material injury. In the west it may be regarded as the
greatest crop yet raised in the loyal States. Tho condition
of the tobacco crop was favourable, the weather helping it
very much, but the amount planted is less than last year.
Sorghum, like the corn crop, is excellent. Buckwheat, if
not injured by a premature frost, will be good. Potatoes—
In many localities there were indications of tho rot, and in
some places the crop was much injured by it. The continued
hot and moist weather since the Ist of September occasions
apprehensions that this disease may prove very injurious,
but still the yield may be good, as the amount planted was
so much greater than usual. In all the States except New
York hops have ripened well, but in that State the crop has
sustained an injury of 44 tenths from lice ; the crop is
therefore injured seriously, for in 1860 New York produced
9,750,0001 b. of the 11,000,0001 b. raised in the whole country.
Roots and gardens were never better. Every State returns
a 'decrease in the number of fattening hogs. The general
decrease is about 1-10th from the number last year. So far
as returns were published of the number packed last year
in the West, it was 2,422,779. A tenth decrease on this
number would be 242,277. Letters accompanying the re-
turns of correspondents indicate that the hogs are younger
and smaller than usual, but in good condition.—New York
Times.