The Sun.
London, England, 1865-08-18 00:00:00

'ED STATES,

(prom the Times Correspondent.)

PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 4.

The long-promised statement of the Federal debt
has at length appeared, and the Secretary of the
Treasury announces that hereafter the statements
will be published every two months. On the 31st
of July the debt was as follows :

Bearing Dollars ota. Dollars ots.
Interest in coin l,lOB 662 641 80 Int. 64,521,837 50
Interest inpaper 1,289,156,545, 5 Int. 74,740,630 78
No interest 357,906,968 92
Interest ceased on 1,527,120 9

Total debt $2,757,253,275 86 $139,262,468 28
The number of legal tender notes in circulation is
$685,236,269 ; currency under $l, known as frac-
tional' currency, $25,750,000 ; amount in Treasury
on the 31st of July—coin, $35,338,000 ; paper,
$81,402,000 59c. ; total, $116,739,632 59c.
The last statement of the debt was made on the
31st of May, and since that time it has increased
about $122,000,000. The amount of legal tenders
in circulation has increased $26,075,700. Since the
beginning of last March about $165,000,000 have
been paid to the army, and for several days past the
amount paid from the Treasury has averaged five
or six millions daily, and this enormous outlay will
continue for some time to come. Even with this
large expenditure, the payments to contractors are
much delayed, and the amount of claims now out-
standing is estimated at $175,000,000. So strait-
ened has the Treasury been that nearly $80,000,000
of Seven-thirties have been paid out directly to
creditors, on condition that they are held four
months without being put upon the market. Secre-
tary M'Culloch, however, as he ought, puts a good
face upon the matter, and has written a letter, in
which he says, " The Treasury is in a comfortable
position, and I expect, by concentrating the avail-
able funds and economising the tax receipts, to meet
all obligations without pressure until the meeting
of Congress." What Congress will do, no one can

foretell, but it is reported on all sides that a tre•

mendous effort will be made to add at least
$200,000,000 to the amount of currency authorised
for the national banks, and to declare all national
bank notes legal tenders. The prospect will not be
very promising if the latter scheme succeeds.
There is a painful rumour current that the state-
ment of the debt is not correct, and the total amount
has been made too small by about $150,000,000.
This difference is made by not adding the whole of
the later subscriptions to the 7-30 loan to the debt,
and if the rumour be true, the debt really amounts
to over $2,900,000,000. It is to be hoped, how-
ever, for the credit of the Secretary, that the rumour
is untrue.

It is idle to deny that there is a strong feeling in
many parts of the country against the national debt,
and it appears to exist in its greatest intensity in
the New England States. The opposition has taken
a positive form, and in two of those States the Legis-
latures have assessed heavy taxes upon all persons
holding Government loans. In New Hampshire a
tax of 25 per cent. has been laid on all incomes from
Government bonds, and 15 per cent. has been laid
in Connecticut. In Vermont the: issue of the
coming town elections turns entirely upon this
point, and the people will vote for or against the
candidates as they wish the loans to be or not to be
taxed. Secretary AP Culloch has decided these taxes
illegal. Some of the Eastern journals regard it as a
little singular that this phase of opposition to the
debt should have been first developed in Republican
States, and that Wendell Phillips should be among
the leaders in the movement. Yet it is so, and it

only illustrates that New England, after securing
its darling wish, the abolition of slavery, is very
anxious by Yankee tricks to avoid paying for it.
The condition of the South is not materially
changed from what has been currently reported for
some time past. There has been lately a perfect
storm of proclamations and orders from all the
officers, big and little, scattered over the South,
and they rival any of the documents promulgated
when the war was raging. In Virginia, no less
than five Generals have given reasons for the
recent annulling of the Richmond election, and three
of them say that they cannot for prudential reasons
yet publish the main cause of that arbitrary pro-
ceeding. It is insisted that the election was an-
nulled with the consent of President Johnson, but
this makes very- little difference, for the people being
all of the same stripe will always elect Secessionists
to office. At Lynchburg, General Gregg, imitat-
ing his brethren at Richmond, has issued a procla-
mation, commanding all Confederate soldiers to re-
port themselves at headquarters within 24 hours and
make known their means of living. The poverty
of the country is the burden of all our advices, and
it is said that Governor Letcher, once among the
wealthieit men of Central Virginia, has now scarcely
a dollar he can call his own.

In North Carolinia proclamations are as plentiful
as in Virginia. Governor Holden has issued an
" official telegram," stating that he apprehends no
trouble in North Carolina when the military
are removed ; that Union men will not be
hanged, nor negroes maltreated. This is pub-
lished to contradict various reports that have
been current of threatening disturbances. Yet the
people still talk very defiantly, and the most out-
spoken are those recently appointed to Federal offices.
William A Graham, formerly a United States sena-
tor, declares he will not consent to the return of
North Carolina to the Union if negro suffrage is
made a condition. The coming State Convention
will contain a large majority against Holden, who
favours negro suffrage and Radicalism generally.
The Fayetville Daily News lately said that North
Carolina would stultify itself if it adopted the con-
stitutional amendment abolishing slavery, and the
military authorities at once threatened it with sup-
pression. The Daily Union Banner, published at
Salisbury, North Carolina, has already been sup-
pressed, and the order directing its office to be closed
is so remarkable that I quote it :
" Headquarters Department of North Carolina,
Army of the Ohio, Raleigh, North Caro-
lina, July 21.

" General Orders, No. 111.--The publication of the Daily
Union Banner, Salisbury, North Carolina, will be suspended
until further orders, for the publication, on the 19th July,
1865, of an article headed The Freedmen,' containing
matter disloyal in spirit, and also the following paragraph,
which is in substance false :

" General Ruger, General Howard, and generals gene-
rally are fulminating their peculiar views. If these gentle-
men are to fix the status of our coloured fellow-citizens of
African descent, where then is the necessity of holding a
convention ? The same power that gives them this right
would entitle them to say what we should do in every other
relation in life. They have already assumed the power to
say what we shall drink and wear.'
"An order prohibiting the wearing of insignia andbadges
and
of ran
one k by
fo r persons lately officers of the insurgent forces,
the prevention of the sale of liquor as a police
regulation, cannot honestly be construed as assuming the
power to say what we shall drink and wear. Brevet Bri-
gadier-General G. W. Schofield, commanding the First Division 23d Army Corps, is charged with the execution
of this order.—By command of

" Brevet Major-General BAT "
South Carolina also has its proclamation generals,
The first is General Gillmore, who has abolished by
one stroke of his pen the entire judicial system, and
ordered that military provost courts shall try all
cases, civil and criminal. In South Carolina they
deal with. troublesome newspapers in a way that
strikes at the root of the evil. General Hatch has
issued another proclamation, that no one shall begin
publishing a journal without first obtaining his con-
sent. Governor Perry by a third proclamation has
reappointed all the Confederate State and local
offieers, and ordered them to continue the discharge
of their duties. Still another proclamation has been
issued in South Carolina, and this time for a good
purpose, to prevent Federal military officers from
charging $2 50c. for administering the amnesty
oaths to the people. South Carolina is a unit in op-
position to negro suffrage.
Kentucky is, perhaps, the most unfortunate of all
the States. An existing canvass for Congressmen
is progressing, and the election will take place on
August 7.
,Were the people let alone a ticket

strongly opposed to the Government would be
almost unanimously chosen, but this must be pre-
vented, and resort had to the inevitable proclama-
tions. General Palmer has issued one declaring
martial law to exist in Kentucky, and ordering
all persons who, by word or deed, directly or in-
directly aided the rebellion, to keep away from
the polls under penalty of arrest and trial before

a military Court. By this sweeping disfranchisft-
ment it is hoped to elect Congressmen favour-
able to the Government, yet so strong is the
Democratic majority that scarcely a I epublican
candidate will be returned. The exodus of negroes
from Kentucky on General Palmer's emigration
passes is greater than ever. Over 25,000 crossed
to the North bank of the Ohio during the week
ending July 30. General Palmer denies that he
gives " free papers" to the negroes, but when the
negroes all manage to get into a free State by means
of his passes it is hard to discover the distinction
between them and free papers. These passes read
as follows :

" Head-quarters United States Forces, Paris,
Kentucky, —, 1865.
" To all whom it may concern.
" In pursuance of general orders No. 49, Head-quarters,
Department of Kentucky, July 19, 1865, (coloured)
is authorised to pass at will in search of employment. All
public carriers will respect this pass.
" Commanding United States Forces at
Paris, Kentucky."
General Palmer, it seems, does not rely wholly
upon his proclamation to carry the Kentucky elec-
tion, for in one day he arrested seven candidates
for the Legislature in Central Kentucky on charges
of disloyalty, and he has given a memorandum to
his subordinates of the persons who are to be arrested
if they attempt to vote. This includes all who
served in the Confederate army, or have aided any
one who did serve in that army, and all who have
rejoiced over Confederate victories or possessed
Confederate flags. Were such an order promulgated
at an election in Philadelphia, half the voters at
least would be deprived of their rights, and it strikes
at nine-tenths in Kentucky.
In Mississippi the politicians have announced their
intention of going into the State Convention and
reconstructing the state with slavery, and the con-
sequence is that the military have been ordered to
keep a sharp look-out on election-day, and over-
throw all candidates for the Convention who enter-
tain such ideas. General Sharkey, in order to
defray the expenses of the Convention, recently
imposed various taxes, among them $1 upon each
bale of cotton sent to market. The owners have in
nearly every case refused to .pay this assessment,
and their cotton has been seized, and will be sold
to pay it. I have already written of the efforts being
made by the Bishops of the Episcopal Church in
the North to bring back the Southern Bishops to
the general Convention at Philadelphia. The first
response has come from Bishop Green, of Missis-
sippi. He says he is opposed to a reunion with the
Northern Church, but has instructed the clergy
under his charge to resume their prayers for the
President of the United States when the military
shall be withdrawn. Bishop Wilmer, of Alabama,
has given similar instructions.
It is reported that only about one-fourth of the
old lawyers of New Orleans have submitted to the
order of the Government requiring them to take an
oath of allegiance before they are allowed to prac-
tise law in the United States' courts. They prefer
to abandon their business, and the consequence is
that strangers from abroad come in and secure it.
I hear of no proceedings in confiscation outside of
Virginia. In Florida all sales of property confis-
cated heretofore have been indefinitely postponed ;
but in Virginia new property has been seized, and
the stocks and bonds owned by wealthy citizens are
daily libelled.
The Virginia negroes are making themselves
heard throughout the country by means of a Con-
vention held at Alexandria. It was called to ex-
press the opinion of the negroes in favour of suf-
frage, but black men as well as white ones will
wrangle in public assemblies, and nearly all the
time was consumed in an angry quarrel whether
three Washington negroes, who claimed to represent
the negroes of Fredericksburg, should be admitted

to seats. There is no end to the dispute yet appa-
rent, for it and the Convention appear to have
closed together. A. claim has been made by several
negroes of Virginia before the Freedmen's Bureau,
and it will no doubt be enforced, for wages from
their masters since the Emancipation Proclamation
of the Ist of January, 1863. If adopted as the policy
of the Bureau, of which there is little doubt, it will
lead to endless trouble and vexation throught the
South. In the early part of this week 10,000
negroes of New York and Brooklyn celebrated the
anniversary of emancipation in the British West
Indies by a pic-nic and public meeting. The negroes
certainly exhibit an astonishing aptitude for imitat-
ing white men in all their doings.
On July 30 the Inman steamer Glasgow sailed

from Liverpool with about 250 passengers and crew
and a large cargo. On the morning of the 31st a
man in delirium tremens rolled overboard and was
drowned, and the excitement had scarcely subsided
when about 1 o'clock fire was discovered in the fore-
part of the ship, and the second-class passengers
flocked aft iu great numbers. Guards were at
once placed at the boats, and a vessel being seen
about eight miles off, a signal of distress was raised
and the Glasgow steamed for her. The vessel, which
ptoved to be the bark Rosamond, of New York,
changed her course and made for the Glasgow, and
they soon met. All the passengers and then all the
baggage were transferred to the bark, and Captain
Manning, of the Glasgow, stood by his ship until
10 p.m., when the hull was wrapped in flames. The
next morning the steamship Erin, from Liverpool,
came alongside, took off the passengers, and carried
them to New York. Strangely enough, they met on
the Erin some of the passengers of the ill-fated ship
William Nelson, who treated them in the kindest
manner. The ability and energy displayed by Cap-
tain Manning, by which every passenger of his ves-
sel was saved, cannot be too much praised.
Although Jefferson Davis is shut up in Fortress
Monroe, he still has friends who arc determined to
see that he is fairly dealt with. A meeting has been
held in New York, at which some of the principal
citizens were present, and it was resolved that money
should not be wanting to provide him with counsel.
The New York Post endeavoured to ridicule the
meeting, but was very quickly made to apologise for
its slurs. Charles O'Conor has publicly stated that
he is Mr. Davis's counsel, and will stand by him to
the last. General Richard Tayler, having procured
the permission of the President, had an extended
interview with Mr. Davis on Saturday last, July 29.
There is a growing feeling in the country, fostered
by the more sensible newspapers, in favour of treat-
ing Jefferson Davis leniently. The torrent of abuse
which ran so strongly a month ago has entirely
stopped. The indications from Washington are that
General Lee and Vice-President Stephens will be
pardoned, though how soon they will receive the
Executive clemency is not yet known. General
Kirby Smith and Judah P. Benjamin, after most
eventful journeys and hairbreadth escapes, have ar-
rived in Havannah. On the night of July 29 a
party of men made an attempt to abduct George N.
Sanders from his residence in Montreal and carry
him into the United States, in order to get the re-
ward offered by the Secretary of War for his arrest.
The men concealed themselves in the cellar, but
Sanders was not at home, and after a scuffle with
some of the members of his family they fled from
the house. The police of Montreal pursued them,
but they escaped.
Some very important shipping statistics have just
been published, by
past 18 months which6oBduring
tonnagethe
thatwt h a
Americant. appearss
liis,
of 328,665, were sold to English owners. It is esti-
mated that during this •
period over 1,000 vessels,
with a half-million tonnage, were sold to foreign
nations. This is apparent by walking along the
wharves of any of our large seaports •
foreign flags
float over a majority of the finest vessels we have
built during the past ten years.

The long-anticipated election for Congressmen in
Tennessee was held yesterday, and we are now re-
ceiving the first reports from the eastern part of
the State. The vote was very light, nearly all the
citizens being kept away from the polls by the mili-
tary. Nashville returns a Democrat in spite of
the soldiers. Nothing decisive has been received
from any other district, though in Knoxville and
Chattanooga the Government candidates will pro-
bably be chosen.
The expedition sent from New York to repa:r the
cable across the Bay of St. Lawrence has begun its
labours. By underrunning the cable it was found
that part of the coating had rusted off about three
miles from shore. Other breaks will no doubt be
discovered as the cable still refuses to work ; but it
will probably be in order by the time the Great
Eastern reaches Heart's Content.

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