The Sun.
London, England, 1865-04-04 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, APRIL 4, 1865.

A. PHOTOGRAPHY:C CURIOSITY.-
With a copy of THE S [TN Newspaper is presented
GRATIS (with a Supplement) a MINIATURE PHOTO-
GRAPHED FAC-SIMILE of tl le FRONT PAGE of THE
SUN of MONDAY, the 2d Jan- uary, 1865.

*** For the convenience of S abscribers wishing to pre-
serve the Photograph a suitable :frame is provided, and may
be had at "The Sun" Office, Price ls.

The Photograph, on card, m ounted In frame, is 6d.

REMEMBER, YOU WILL SEE YOUR
FRIENDS at " EVAI\ " After the Opera we
shall Sup there!

KIiNAHAN'S LL WHISKY v. COGNAC
BRANDY.
This celebrated Old IRISH: WHISKY rivals the finest
FRENCH BRANDY,
It 14 Pure, Mild, Mellow, Da aims, and very Wholesome.
Sold in Bottles, 3s. Bd.,'at the Retail Houses in London; by
the Agents in the principal tate as in England; or wholesale
st
8, GREAT WINDMILL-I;TREET, LONDON, W.
Observe the Red Seal, Pim% Label, and Cork branded
"Kinahan's LL Whisky."

CRYSTAL PALACE.—WET or DRY.—
ki Always charming.—To-4110RROW (Wednesday).
Performances by Orchestr U Band at 12.30 and 4.30, and
Great Organ Performance at 3.30. Picture Galleries, Fine
Art Courts, Shakspere House, Chinese Collection, Fish-
Hatching Apparatus, Skating Hall, Chimpanzee, Armour
Plates (lent by official auth arity), and the thousand and one
other attractions of the Crystal Palace.
Open from Ten till dusk.. One Shilling; children under
twelve, Sixpence.

Note.—The hyacinths. tulip s, and other flowers round the
basin of the Crystal Fountain aro now in full perfection.

R. and Mrs. GERMAN REED, with Mr..
JO FIN PARRY. will appear in their new entertain-
ment, entitled A PECULIAR FAMILY, by Mr. William
Brough. New scenery by T. and H. Grieve. Every Evening,
except Saturday. at 8. Saturdt. y afternoon, at 3. ROYAL.
GALLERY OF ILLUSTRATI ON, 14, Regent-street.

Unreserved seats, ls , 2s. ; ; stall chairs, ss. May
be secured at the Gallery without fee.

OPERA. DI CAMERA. every Tuesday and Thursday
Morning, and Saturday at 8.

THOXF O R D,
6, OXFORD STREET, W.
The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).

ORPHICE AUX ENFERS, FAUST, and NORMA will
be performed during this week. Principal artistes : —Mons.
Lavessiere, Signor Spagnoli, Mr. Green, and Misses Ellison
and Barrie, with full Band and Chorus, conducted by Mr. F.
Jonghmans.
Comedy, by Mr. George Hodson (the celebrated Comedian
and Mimic). W. Randall, Little Bob, Miss Kate Balte, Les
Freres Talliott, and the Grotesque, D'Aubans.
Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
- • -

Every Evening at Half-past Seven. Admission—area, 6d.;
stalls and balcony, 18.; private boxes, 10s. 6d.

CIANTERBURY HALL.
The Oxford, and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).
HODGE PODGE,
(According to Act of Parliament).
CANTERBURY HALL.—EVERY EVENING
at half-past Nine o'clock.

ROYAL CAMBRIDGE MUSIC HALL,
Commercial-street, Shoreditch.
(Close to the Great Eastern TerminusN
Sole Proprietor, Mr. G. W. NUGENT.
Operatic Selection, SONNAMBULA. Prima Donna, Miss
ELLISON.
Comic--NELLY POWER, HARRIETT COVENEY.
G. PORDE. WEST, FRED. FRENCH, M ;dile. CERITO
SYLVES fER. The BROTHERS ALTOFF, from the
Theatre Desarts, Isouen, and the ELLISTRAIS, from the
Crystal Palace.
Stalls, is. ; balcony, Gd. ; area, 4d. Open every evening at
Seven o'clock.
Manager and Conductor, Mr. C. GREVILLE.

3/I.ADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION,
established 29 years at the Bazaar Maker-street.

NEW ADDITIONS.—A Full-length PORTRAIT MODEL
of MULLER, taken from life, and corrected from the Cast
taken by Doctor Donovan; also a full-length MODEL of
KOHL, taken at his trial —are now added to the Chamber of
Physiognomy.
•

Open, it till dusk, and 7 tilllo evening.
Admittance, One Shit ; extra rooms, Sixpence.

ARGYLL ROOMS.-NOTICE.---RE-
ENGAGE %TENT of J. LEVY, the celebrated Paga-
nini Cormt-a- Piston, will appear EVERY EVENING, at
Nine, Ten, and Eleven o'clock, and perform on Dlstin's
Patent Light-Valve Cornet.

Conductor—M. LUIGI CURTI.
Manager—M. GRENET.

(1
CITY SII 0 W-R 00 M
FOR
GLASS AND CHINA,
147, lIOUNDSDITCH.

tDEFRIES and SONS' TABLE GLASS,
• Cut and Engraved. of the choicest designs.

T DEFRIES and SONS' DINNER, DESSERT,
• and Tea Ware, of the newest patterns.
---
T DEFRIES and SONS' LUSTRES, TAZZAS,
f9' • and Flower Vases for the present se4son.
---
T DEFRIES and SONS' -CHANDELIERS,
el • the Dining-room, in Bronze, Ormolu, and Silver.
---
T DEFRIES and SONS' CHANDELIERS'
• in Crystal, for the Drawing-room, for Gas or Candles.
T DEFRIES and SONS' CHANDELIERS,
• in Crystal, in the Venetian and Grecian designs, for
India.
T DEFRIES and SONS' SPECIAL DESIGNS
t.l • in Lamps for India.
T DEFRIES and SONS' WALL LIGHT
ti • Cnandeliers, in Crystal, for India (Registered).
T DEFRIES and SONS promptly execute CLUB
ei • Mess, and General Furnishing Orders of-China, Glass,
&c.

T DEFRIES and SONS supply MERCHANTS
• with Pattern Books and Special Designs.

PDEFRIES and SONS have just added Five
. New Snow-Rooms to their extensive Manufactory.
They have now on show the largest tosortment in the world
of the above goods of their own manufacture.
MANUFACTORY AND SHOW-ROOMS.
147. Houndsditch.

FAIR-CURLING FLUID, 248, High Holborn,
London.—ALEX. ROSS'S CURLING FLUID curls
Ladies' or Gentlemen's hair immediately it is applied. Sold
at 3s. 6d.; sent free for 51 stamps. Ross's Toilet Magazine,
Is. 6d., or 20 stamps.

GREY HAIR.-248, High Holborn, London.—
ALEX. ROSS'S charges for Dyeing the hair perma-
nently— Ladies' Hair from 7s. ed. ; Gentlemen's from ss.
The Dye is sold at .33. 6d, or sent free for 51 stamps. It 1 s
most easy of use.

HAIR DESTROYER, 248, High Holborn,
London.—ALEX.`ROSS'S DEPILATORY removes,
without effect to the skin, superfluous hair from the face,
neck, and arms. 3s. 6d.; sent the same day.as ordered by post
for 51 stamps.

SPANISH FLY is the acting ingredient in
ALEX. ROSS'S CANTHARIDES 0 IL, which speedily
produces whiskers and thickens hair. 3s. 6d.; sent free fors4
stamps.—ALEX. ROSS, 248 ,13%h Holborn, London. Essay
)n Hair, Id.

DIMPLE REMOVER. All diseases of the skin
are improved by one dose of,ALEX. ROSS'S VEGE-
TABLE SKIN PILL. They remove redness, sallowness
&e. 28. 9d.; by post for 40 st.tmps.—ALEX. ROSS, 248, High
Holborn, London.

ALEX. ROSS' FACE POWDER, Is. ; sent for
14 stamps ; Eye Colour, 3s. 6d., or 51 stamps. Skin
tonic produces a transcendent complexion, 45_,. or 60 stamps.
Bloom of Roses, 3s. 6d., or 54 stamps.--ALL. ROSS, 20,
High Holborn, London.

XTOTHING IMPOSSIBLE.—The greatest and
most useful invention of the da, AGUA AMARELL A.
Messrs. JOHN GOSNELL and CO., 12, Three King-court,
Lombard-street, London, Perfumers to her Majesty, respect
fully offer to the public this truly marvellous fluid. which
gradually restores the human hair to its pristine hue—no
matter at what age. The Agua Amarella has none of the
properties of dyes; it, on the contrary, is beneficial to the
system, and when the hair is once restored one application
per month will keep it in perfect colour. Price one guinea per
bottle, or in half bottles, 10s. 6i. Testimonials from artistes
of the highest order, and from individuals of undoubted re-
spectability, may be seen on application. Messrs. John
Gosnell and Co. have been appointed Perfumers to her Royal
Highness the Princess of Wales.

JOHN GOSNELL and CO.'S CHERRY
TOOTH-PASTE is greatly superior to any tooth
powder; gives the teeth a pearl whiteness, protects the
enamel from decay, and imparts a pleasant fragrance to the
the breath. Price is. td.-12, Three King-court, Lombard-
street, London.

11- AMBERI"S ASTHMATIC BALSAM.-AN
KJ EFFECT CAL ItEM E DY, without confining the bowels
or affecting the head, truly efficacious and pleasant, is ad-
mitted to be the best medicine for immediately relieving
coughs, colds, confirmed cases of asthma, and incipient con-
sumption. It frequently cures persons whom tie faculty
pronounce incurable, admirably allays the tickling which
provokes frequent coughing. In approaching consumption
its effects are truly beneficial. Persons deprived of sleep, or
even lying down for fear of suffocation, may depend on relief
in a few minutes after taking it. Preparea on iy and sold by
W. LAMBERT, Chemist. 8, King-Wallam-street, Charing-
cross, London, and by all druggists, in bottle', 131 d., and
three quantities in one, 2s. 9d. each. Be particular, and ask
for Lambert's Asthmatic Balsam. The name and address are
engraved on the stamp.

ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road,
in the immediate vicinity of the Great Northern Rail-
way Terminus. King's-cross.
The Committee earnestly solicit the ASSISTANCE of the
benevolent, as the premises of this Hospital are capable of
coutaining several hundred more beds, had the Committee
the requisite funds to maintain them.
Contributions are received by the Treasurer, Edward Mas-
rerman, Esq., Nicholas-lane; also by Messrs. Coutts and Co. ;
Drummond and Co. ; Glyn and Co. ; Herries and Co. ; Ransom
and Co.; Prescott, Grote, and Co.; Smith, Payne, and Co. ;
Barclay and Co. ; W 'Maras, Deacon, and Co. ; Overend, Gur
ney, and Co. ; Nisbet and Co. , Berners-street ; L Barned and
Co 2 Liverpool ; and at the Hospital. from 10 till 5.
STANFORD Sf&ITH, Secretary.

CiREAT FIRE IN LEICESTER-SQUARE.
SALE OF THE SALVAGE STOCK.

STA 73G and MANTLE respectfully announce V; their
Numerous customers and the public that they are now SELL-
ING OFF, at a farther immense rcduc,ion, the remaining
portion or the SALVAGE STOCK of Silks, Shawls, Mantles,
Dresses, Calicoes. itibbons, Hosiery, Trimmings, &c., which
must be immediately cleared to make room for the new
Spring Goods. Doors open at Ten o'clock.

THE PROVIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL
LIF.E ASSURANCE ASSOCIATION.

Established,
TRUSTEES
Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P.
llhomson Haukey, t.bq., M.P.
William George Prescott, Esq.
Bar,M. L. N. de Rothschild, 31. P.

The whole of the Profits divide I among the Drembers.
Every description of Lilo Assurance and Annuity busine s
transacted. •
Annual Income £50,000
Invested Fund ... ••• ••• 250,t( 0
Claims have been paid exceeding
Bonuses have been added amounting to 100,000

Full information may be obtained at the Chief Office, 15,
Bloorgatc-street, E.C.
Wm. 111031 AS LINFORD, Secretary,
April, 180.

TEETH.—Mr. ALBERT, Dentist, 34, Great
Russell-street, Bloomsbury. ARTIFICIAL TEETH
of the best quality, fixed on the improved principles, without
pain, from £4 4s. to £8 Bs. the Set.
Decayed and painful Teeth rendered useful, and irregula-
rities corrected. (See Testimonials.) Established 33 years.
Consultations free.

CONSULT Mr. A. ESKELL'S popular and
N..) reliable TREATISE on the TEE isH. before having
recourse to the Dentist. " The expense is not great, and it
will well repay perusal."
Published by John Clements, Little Pulteney-street ; and
may be had through any booksel er, from Simpkin, Marshall,
and Co., Stationers'-hall-court. Price, 7d. ; in cloth, 13d.

TN THE SPRING many suffer from SCOR-
BUTICAL AFFECTIONS ; and if any other disease be
hid in the system it will be sure to show itself at this season.
No medicine can be used with more perfect confidence than
PARR'S LIFS PILLS. They clear from the body all that
is hurtful, and produce health and comfort.—May be had of
any Chemist.

THE Invigorative NERVINE ESSENCE.—
The most scientifically prepared and most powerful
nutritive cordial ever introduced ; restores to their normal
condition a 1 the secretions, on the int, grity of which perfezt
health depends. It is a specific for debility of all kinds; and
from its containing, among other ingredients, pepsine and
phosphate of soda, will prove highly beneficial to the nervous
and dyspeptic. Price Bs. per bottle, or four qu,ntities in one
for 22s.—Sole agents, Messrs. Baumgarten and Co., 520, New
Oxfoal-strcet, W. C.; and 133 A, Penchurch -at , E C., London.

engineer, Mr. Bazalgette. This intercepting system
consists of three great main lines of sewers, or rather
tunnels, which run from the extreme west to the
extreme east of the metropolis, and which are laid at
right angles to all existing sewers and a little below
their levels, so as to intercept their contents and
convey them to an outfall 14 miles below London-
bridge. As large a proportion of the sewage as
practicable is by this means carried away by gravi-
tation, and for the remainder a constant discharge
is effected by pumping. At the outlets the sewage
is delivered into reservoirs situate on the banks of
the Thames, and placed at such a level as will en-
able them to discharge into the river at or about the
time of high water. By this arrangement the sew-
age is not only at once diluted by the large volume
of water in the Thames at high water, but is also
carried by the ebb tide to a point in the river 26
miles below London-bridge, and its return by the
following flood tide within the metropolitan area is
effectually prevented. A series of experimenti has
demonstrated that the delivery of sewage at high
water into the river at any point is equivalent to its
diScharge at low water 12 miles lower down the
river ; therefore the construction of the 12 miles of
sewer to Barking, so laid as only to discharge there
at high water, is virtually equal to taking the sew-
age to a distance of 24 miles from London. Before
these sewers were built, however, many subjects had
to be carefully considered—such as the population,
their habits, water supply, &c., the incline at which
the sewers should be laid, and the rainfall to be pro-
vided for. The quantity of sewage flowing from a
given population varies but little from the water
supply with which that population is provided. The
water supply to various parts of London in 1856
varied from 20 to 25 gallons per head per diem ;
but a more liberal supply is contemplated, and that
supply is likely to be further augmented by an in-
crease in the population in districts not then wholly
built upon. It has been ascertained that a district
of average density of population, when wholly built
upon, contains 30,000 people to the square mile, so
that in districts containing that, or more than that,
number of people to the square mile the numbers have
been ascertained and provided for ; but in districts
where the population is below that number provision
has been made for an increase of population up to
30,000 people to the square mile, except over the
outlying districts, where provision has been made
for a population of only 20,000 to the square mile.
An improved water supply, equal to 5 cubic feet or
31i gallons per head of the contemplated increased
population, has also been anticipated.
In providing for the rainfall an averagewas taken
of several years, which shows that in London there
are no less than 155 days in the year in which rain
falls, though out of thisnumber there are only about
25 on which the quantity has amounted to a quarter
of an inch in depth in the 24 hours. But there are
every year exceptional cases of heavy and violent
rain-storms, and these have measured one inch, and
sometimes even as much as two inches in the hour.
These exceptional storms, however rare their occur-
rence, have been provided for by the construction of
overflow weirs at the junctions of the intercepting
sewers with the main valley lines, which act as
safety-valves in times of storm. On such occasions
the surplus waters will be largely diluted, and, after
the intercepting sewers are filled, will flow over the
weirs, and so by their old channels into the Thames.
To carry out all these works three great main lines
of intercepting sewers have been necessary—a high,
a middle, and a low level sewer—on each side of the
Thames. It is the low level at the southern outfall
which the Prince opens to-day, and all the works
are now complete, save only the northern low level,
which, as having to run under the Thames Em-
bankment, cannot, of course, be yet constructed.
This northern low level sewer, however, only diverts
about 1-7th part of the northern sewage, so that
virtually from this day forth the Thames may be
said to be tolerably pure. It can never be made as
clean and sparkling as in bygone times, but at least
we may be certain that it will never egain become
offensive.

The High Level Sewer at the north side of the
river commences with a small drain at Hampstead-
hill. It is about seven miles long, drains an area of
about 10 square miles, and intercepts the sewage of
Hampstead, part of Kentish-town, Highgate, Hack-
ney, Clapton, Stoke Newington, and Holloway. A
portion of the district adjoining the Hackney-
marshes is so low that it was necessary to drain it
through a branch passing into the Low Level Sewer.
The form of this sewer is mostly circular, and varies
in size from 4ft. in diameter to 9ft by 12ft., and its
fall is very rapid. Much property had to be tunnelled
under in its construction. One house was actually
underpinned and placed upon iron girders through
the cellar without any further disturbance to the
house. At another part it had to be taken under
the New River, and again through the embankment
of the Great Northern Railway. One of the worst
difficulties, however, was getting it under Sir George
Duckett's Canal, where the crown of the arch of
the sewer is only 24 inches from the water in the
canal. The bottom of the canal and the top of the
sewer are hero formed of iron plates and girders,
with a thin coating of puddle between, and no leak-
age has yet taken place or is likely to occur. This
instance of careful tunnelling is, however, far from
being the only one, or even the most difficult. One
line of tunnel, from Kennington Church to the Old
Kent-road, runs a distance of I,oooft. close under
a row of houses, the top of the tunnell being only
from 10ft. to 12ft. below the surface, and its
diameter is about 10ft. The water was pumped out
of the sand for this length of tunnel at the rate of
about 8,000 gallons per minute. The same sewer
was carried, through similar soil, under the Grand
Surrey Canal, and within Bft. of the water in it ;
and again under the same canal in the Deptford
Lower-road, where the distance between the top of
the tunnel and the water in the canal was only 6ft.
4in., the whole of the soil being gravel and sand,
with Ift. of puddle in the bottom of the canal.
In the Caledonian-road the Regent's Canal was
also tunnelled under, the distance between the top
of the tunnel and the water in the canal being only
2ft., so that the miners could hear the barges as
they passed over their heads scrape against the
ground ; this was, however, executed in clay.
Another tunnel has been formed 33ft. under the
rails of the West London Railway, and under the
Kensington Canal. The sewers were constructed
under the London and Brighton, the North Kent,
and other railways without any interruption to the
continuous traffic on them even for an hour. Per-
haps, however, the most curious instance of success-
ful engineering was shown in taking the Middle
Level Sewer over the Metropolitan (or subterranean)
Railway by a wrought-iron aqueduct, 150 ft. span,
weighing no less than 240 tons ; the depth of con-
struction between the underside of the aqueduct and
the inverts of the double line of sewers being only
2i inches. As the traffic on the railway could not
be stopped during the construction of the aqueduct,
which is actually there only a few inches above the
engine chimneys, the structure was built upon a
stage at a height of sft. above the intended level,
and was lowered into place by means of hydraulic
rams. This stage was necessarily of great strength,
and the sewers were formed by wrought-iron plates
rivetted together.

The Northern Middle Level Sewer drains an area
of 173- square miles. It commences near the Har-
row-road at Mensal-green, passes under the Pad-
dington Canal into the Uxbridge-road at Notting-
hill, along Oxford-street, Hart-street, Liquourpond-
street, and across Clerkenwell-green ; thence by
way of Old-street-road to High-street, Shoreditch,
along Church-street, Bethnal-green-road, and Green-
street, under the Regent's Canal and the North
London Railway, to a junction with the High Level
Sewer at the Penstock-chamber at Bow. The Low
Level Sewer, besides intercepting the sewage from
the low level area, which contains 11 square miles,
is also the main outlet for a district o about 14