The Sun.
London, England, 1862-03-25 00:00:00

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- .-
- ' '-- ir Storks's speech :
Parliamentary Session was open fqtalls

The following is Sir H.. ;pei
" Mr. President and Gentlemen,—Various im-
portant measures await the consideration of the
12th Parliament.

PR1CE.....—..4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

" Elected by the unfettered choice of the people,
and presided over by one of your own body, freely
selected by yourselves, you will, I trust, devote to
those measures that care and sedulous attention
which the nature and condition of your misoion
imposed on you as sacred duties.
" The Most Illustrious the Senate will lay on the
table of the Legislative Assembly within the period
and in the manner prescribed by the Constitution,
the Civil List of these States and an approximate
estimate of the extraordinary expenditure to be
incurred during the ordinary recess of Parlia-
ment. I invite your earliest attention to this most
important portion of your duties. The estimates
have been prepared with a due attention to economy,
and I trust to your liberality to make adequrte
provision for the public service.
_ _

fall. A good strong stream playing upon the face
of the hill will disintegrate a great quantity of
" pay dirt" in a short time. The floating rubbish,
or " dirt," is caught in a long sluice at the base,
provided with " riffles" on the bottom, and spread
with quicksilver to catch the gold. This mode of
mining is called by the miners " hydraulic mining."
Such is the wealth of Cariboo that no quicksilver
was used, for the miner could afford to lose all, the
" fine dust" and be satisfied with the " lumps."

Leaving the Fraser at Fort Hope, 100 miles from
its mouth, and following in the track of the miners
to the southward and eastward for 60 miles, we
come to the Similkameen. These mines yielded
last season, 16 dols to 17 dols a day to the hand
occasionally. A party of three men took 240 dots
in three days' work from " sluice diggings ;"
and the "rocker," used in "wet diggings," yielded
4 dols, 5 dols, and up to 8 dols. a day to the hand.
Number of miners 200, of whom 150 were Chinese.
A waggon road for 25 miles from Hope, and a
bridle road of 15 miles in continuation approaches
this district.
I have already stated that the Fraser yielded 3
dols to 15 dole a day on the various points on which
it has been worked, for a space of 270 miles, I shall
therefore omit all _further detail of the river from
the point where Bridge River empties into the
Fraser, about 20 miles below the 51st parallel of
north latitude, up to the point where it receives the
Quesnelle River a little below the 53d parallel.
This river has two branches, ono of which drains
Quesnelle Lake, lying a degree and a half to the
eastward of the Fraser, and which is 50 miles long.
The other branch drains Cariboo Lake, which re-
ceives Swamp River and Lower Cariboo Lake, into
which Keithley's Creek, one of the Cariboo streams,
empties. At the junction of the two branches a
town, the nearest to Cariboo diggings, is built,
chiefly for the supply of the latter. The place is
called " the Forks of Quesnelle."
Governor Douglas was good enough to furnish
me with the following statement in writing, taken
down by himself from a Cariboo miner, Mr. Steele;
but I received it after I had finished my letter :
Steele's company consisted of five partners, of
which Mr. Steele, an American, was one. Their
claim was on William's Creek (Cariboo, of course).
In the summer they sawed the lumber themselves
and made their own sluices. Their claim did not
prospect as good as many other claims". Neverthe-
less, they went at it with a will; made noting the
first three days; persevered, and the fourth day
made 4oz. ; the fifth day 100 z.; and the sixth day
day 41oz. (the market value of 41oz. of gold in
sterling is £290 4s. 2d). From that time, after the
sixth day's work, when the return rose to 41oz.
a-day, it kept increasing until it reached 3870 z.
a-day ; and the last day's work yielded a return of
4090 z. The five partners employed " four hired
hands" to assist them to clear away the tailings.
The claim was one of the most difficult to work, as
it required 8 feet to 18 feet of top-stripping of super-
incumbent earth which covered the auriferous
stratum, or "pay dirt." This latter was composed
of a blue clay, six feet thick, mixed with gravel
and decomposed slate. The whole area of the mine
worked was only SO feet by 25 feet, and the yield
amounted to 105,000 dols., equal to £21,875. That
so much gold was dug out of so small a space as 80
feet by 25 feet is a pregnant fact. It proves that
the wealth buried in this remote regiod lies concen-
trated in masses thick and plentiful, which is cor-
roborated by the shortness of the period of labour
—not over two months' actual work. This is a short
period to have earned £21,175 in, certainly, yet the
exuberance of the gold of these mines is more clearly
demonstrated by the rapidity of the acccumulation.
I shall show this result more clearly by converting
Mr. Steele's gold ounces into American currency.
The produce of the labour of the first day that the
claim yielded anything was 68 dols. ; that of the
next day, 170 dols ; of the following day, 697 dols. ;
and so on, increasing until it reached the astounding
sum of 6,579 dols. in a day ; and culminated in a
" return " of 6,953 dols. on the " last day's work."
To prevent any exaggeration in my conversion
of the gold-dust, I have taken the money value of
the ounce at 17 dole., although the average value of
Cariboo " dust " is 17 dols. 65c. and 37-I,oooths, so
that lam under the mark. In other words, this
company's gold produced to the partners more
money in the market than I have valued it at. Their
gold may have been worth 18 dols. the ounce.
To show still more clearly to your English readers
the prospects and rewards of labour in British
Columbia, I will paraphrase Mr. Steele's statement,
which will place it in another and perhaps more
practical light. I will suppose that the five miners
who owned this mining claim were Englishmen, and
that they had sent their earnings home. The gold
would, by the rule of trade, go to the Bank of Eng-
land, and be converted into sterling money—say in
London. I will deduct all the charges of remitting
the bullion (gold-dust), and then see what the
miners would have net money in London. The fruit
of their first day's "yield" would be £l3 lOs 2d ; of
the next day's yield, £34 14s 2d ; the following day's
yield, £1,343 4s 3d; and the last day's yield would be
£1,419 lls sd. The mine would have been to them a
prolific mother, for the last day's return shows an
increase of £76 7s 2d over and above the general ,
run of the yield of " lucky days," as the miners
term their successful and satisfactory periods. Mr.
Steele's return of the gross yield was corroborated
by the quantity of gold-dust brought to Victoria,
where he remained for some time.
In the foregoing sketch I have continued my obser-
vations to such portions of the country as have been
proved to be auriferous. To give a perfect descrip-
tion of the goldfield is out of the question. In fact,
much of it is still undiscovered, and must continue
unexplored in a country of such dimensions as
British Columbia, extending over five degrees of
latitude and embracing a great portion of ten de-
grecs of longitude, and which contains some 200,000 ,
square miles of surface. Such an extent of country, '
and having such resources of gold, silver, and other
metals, and a large quantity of agricultural and
pastoral land, is an empire, and will require a large
population even to explore it thoroughly. Suffice
it to say, that as gold has been discovered at many
points all over this vast surface and in quan-
tities ohitherto unequalled, the goldfield of British
Columbia is practically, illimitable and its wealth
inexhaustible.

- -
"The question of the general financial condition
of the lonian States will not fail to occupy your
serious consideration. I recommend to your un-
prejudiced deliberation the report of a commission
over whose labours I myself presided, and which I
public burdens.
have directed to be laid before you. The question
of lonian finance has been carefully investigated by
that commission, and the report contains an exact
ao f
rlonian
d j
fu
si
ot
n mwien tt taxationhoft
the
and convincing statement of the unequal pressure
yiNch the Legislative Assembly may
wthhiec h
se attendn Senate,
te,
by the export duties on oil
u I filial' be happy favourably
CODjunci. to consider, in
make for a more ,satisfactory system of taxation,
lurces of revenue to be substi-
tutedrovided that the s.. .
at least equivalent to the
be adequate and
any proposal
and currants.
"In a country where direct ta +ion i
xa, Sso sums at present levied
un-
popular and the levy of duties is so. difficult the
Legislature must pause before adopting financial
changes or practising experiments on sources of
revenue which experience has proved to be produc-
tive and easy of collection.
" The expediency OS establishing agrarian banks
has been prominently brought to my notice. It
would, no doubt, be desirable to institute some means
elinedM:fiet difficulties
Illustrious
of assisting the agriculturist by loans at a moderate
rate of interest. To eiticf" this'object some method
should be devised by which the capitalists or society
advancing the money may obtain solid guarantees.
" High interest on money lent implies indifferent
security. The first step taken by a lender is to
ascertain what means of repayment a borrower
possesses. To obtain this information it is neces-
sary for him to learn the extent and value of the
borrower's property.

I regret to say that in these States,'as no general
urel;her of public or private property exists, it
is
svy difficulte to
ascertain the value of landed security
offered for advAnees of money. The system of re-
s now in existence is, as far
gistration of mortg,ag:l
as it goes, satisfactory. perfect this system, I
-
strongly recommend the Leg,.slature to take steps
for commencing a general survey' of each island.
This would be the first step towards the establish-
ment of agrarian banks.
" The importance also of an accurate and detailed
survey of ecclesiastical and municipal property yan-
not be overrated as exercising an important in-
fluence on the property and general resources of the
country. Every day the property of the municipal
administration is subjectgd to encroachments and
dilapidations, and in time, without the application
of some remedy, the greater part a this property
will be lost.

" A thorough survey would doubtless be costly,
and could not be at once effected, but some step
might be taken to achieve so desirable an object. by
devoting, for a series of years, a sufficient sum of
money to carry it to completion.
" Seven Acts of Government have been passed by-
the Most Illustrious the Senate with my approval
during the recess, and are awaiting your considera-
tion and sanction. I would call your particular
attention to Act No. 3, for amending the sys tem of
levying Customs' duties by the substitution of
weight for value. This Act has been passed it;
compliance with a resolution of the Parliament.
The changes thus introduced have been attended
with advantage, Besides the protection secured to
the honest trader, the new system has produced an
augmentation of revenue which promises to become
permanent.
" The subject of public instruction will also occupy
your anxious consideration. This important branch.
of administration is at present in an unsatisfactory
state, and I solicit your co-operation in introducing
some changes and reforms in the existing law,
which experience has shown to be necessary. As
soon as the Senate have had the time afforded them
to consider the question, a communication will be
made by that most illustrious body to your house.
" Bills on other important subjects will likewise
be submitted to you.

" I am happy to be able to congratulate you on
the general condition of the country. The financial
results of the year 1861 are on the whole satisfac
tory. The revenue has been considerably above
the average, ;and expenditure has been limited as
far as was compatible with the efficiency of the pub-
lic service.

" The exhibition of lonian products and works of
industry which lately took place at Corfu hasde-
monstrated the great capabilities of these States,
and the benefits likely to be derived from their
development.
" I am glad to perceive that the trade and pros-
pects of these islands are undergoing that condition
of progress which is at present influencing the
entire globe.

"I earnestly recommend to your attention the
expediency of encouraging by your exertions that
great industrial movement which insures the wealth
and happiness of nations by employing their labour
and opening out their resources.

" It is our first duty to consider the happiness
and welfare of the people whose interests are con-
fided to our care. Those interests can only be con-
sulted by the frank and cordial co-operation of the
different branches of the Legislature.
" On all occasions you may rest assured of such
co-operation on the part of the Most Illustrious the
Senate and myself, and I look to you to respond in
that spirit of calm conscientiousness without which
all social institutions aro impracticable and all
human endeavours are vain."

STEVENS' PATBNT BREAD
/IA CITINERY COIIIPANY.

My advice to emigrants from the old country will
be short, and, while it can easily be remembered,
cannot be misunderstood. British Columbia wants
two classes only—men with money and men with
bodily strength—capitalists and labourers. Both
classes will do well. The one will find lucrative em
ployment for its capital, the other still more profit-
able employment for its labour. If either fails it will
be its own fault. Should either of these two
classes be married, let them bring their wives and
families; the more numerous
the progeny the
better.

The prospectus of a company formed for the purpose of
bringing Mr. Stevens' valuable improvements in the pro-
cess of bread making into general use will bo found in
Ce ru er r ai
it
h has, Hospital,
aeGibraltar,nand
Ba another part of The Sun. The improved machinery has
been adopted by the Government establishments of Alder
establishments,B hrb tt
a' doo s Greenwich
W°,me r
w,
huniversalsevera satisfactionother
A great number of other public establishments have had
the machinery erected, and the result has been that a
great quantity of bread has been produced, with a given
quantity of flour, than could ever have been under the old
system of hand-and-arm kneading. ' That objectionable
process is entirely done away with, and the journeyman
baker is thus relieved of a most severe and injurious
portion of his labour. The object of the company is to
bupply the public with the machines, which are suitable
either fur private families or public institutions, and range
in price from 358. to £3O. Amongst the immense number
of certificates in the possession of the patentee is one from
perfectly satisfied
the Governor of Coldbath-fields Prison, in which that gen-
tleman states that the visiting justices are
with the new machine, which has saved
and the
saving for that period had he weeks,
£207. Ono very sa t. is.ac-
m
than £4 7s. 6d. a week, and, at the datetohfemtheno less a sum
ktie, stimonial,
the machine had been in operation 46
tory announcement in the prosp
ectu'egm iesntthoaft tMher.coSmtepvaennys:
the patentee, remains in the
!anneg um undertaking that he
and such confidence has ho in
; leaves his remuneration entirely dependent on its success.

cation:of
Magnetic to lately,
_the only appli
jure a useful purpose, now We have
the Magnet to anYthing &c. Dr. Hassan states, ‘‘ /
nerring's magnetic brushes'
se ow most perfect brushes hitherto made,
regard them
mechanical construction and their . their magneti-
as respects whav are the remedy for o-
n' action." '--- - „ „ ~roY hair, neuralgia,
~,,,, itas. N.B.—Counterfeit
y----"------Lis were, ant
B are being made.
rheuwa .
0,30 32, E..%iughallitreet, London.
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