The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-20 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDor, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 20, 1862.

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GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-
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LITERATURE.

Eenuniscences of the Life and Character of Count
Cavour. By William De La Rive. Translated
from the French by Edward Romilly. Long-

man and Co.

The work before us is a translation of one
which appeared in five successive numbers of
the " Bibliothique Universelle of Geneva,"
and which, written by a relative and intimate
friend of Cavour, bears every mark of trust-
worthiness. Without assuming to be a com-
plete biography, it nevertheless traces his career
from its commencement to its close, conveys a very
vivid idea of his character, and is among the most
interesting works of the kind that have of late ap-
peared. At present the writer intimates that a
biography perfect in all its details could not be
written. "Too many pages must be left in blank
which another generation may be entitled to fill up
with those secrets which official documents can
alone reveal, and which we in the present day must
be contented to guess at. Neither can the memory
of Cavour be so quickly disengaged from the in-
fluence of those conflicting passions which were
called forth or fomented by himself." But if, as a
diplomatist, it is as yet impossible to do full jus-
tice to his genius, the same objection does not apply
to his character as an individual. Of the latter,
those about him and his intimate friends were the
best judges; to this their testimony is invaluable,
and few would seem to have possessed more favour-
able opportunities than the writer of the present
volume. Camille Benso de Cavour, born at Turin,
August 1, 1810, is described as being, when about
three years of age, a" good romping boy ; stout,
obstreperous, and always ready for play." At first
he seems to have had little taste for study.
Indeed, he expressed a horror of it. Never-
theless, he was destined one day to be-
come the hardest of workers. " In 1816,"
says the author, " his parents brought him and
his brother to Geneva. They spent some time
at Presinge, at my grandfather's. I am tempted
to allude to this visit, in consequence of my father
having more than once described to me the im-
pression produced by Camille de Cavour, on his
first visit to Presinge. He was then an arch
little fellow, with a countenance full of animation,
indicative of decision of character; very enter-
taining in his ways, and with an endless flow of
childish frolic and fun. He wore a little red coat,
which gave him a droll, and, at the same time,
a 'determined look. On his arrival, he was under
a good deal of excitement, and stated to my
grandfather that the postmaster at Geneva had
given them such execrable horses that he ought
to be dismissed. I insist upon his being dismissed,'
he repeated again and again. But,' replied my
grandfather, cannot dismiss the postmaster;
the first Syndic alone has that power. Well,'
then, I must have an audience of the first Syn-
dic.' You shall have it to-morrow,' replied my
grandfather; and he at once wrote to his friend,
M. Schmidtmeyer, then first Syndic, and told
him he was going to send him a very amusing
'little man;' and, accordingly, the next day the
child appeared at M. S.'s, and was received in
due form. With perfect composure he made three
profound bows, and then, in a clear voice, pre-
ferred his complaint, and called for judgment.
On his return, as soon as he perceived my grand-
father, he exclaimed, Well, he will be dismissed.'
He was then hardly six years old; his taste for dis-
missals, therefore, began early." Intended by his
father for a soldier he went, at ten years of age, to
the Military Academy, and was soon after made
a page at the palace—an honour reserved
for youths of high birth, but which to
the independent spirit of the young Camille
seems to have been by no means agreeable. " Orab
day," says the writer, " when 1 happened to ask
him what dress the pages wore, Parbleu!' he re-
plied in an excited voice, ' how do you suppose we
could have been dressed, except as lacqueyi, which
we were ?' It made me blush with shame.' As page
he had been attached to the service of Prince.Carig-
nan, afterwards Charles Albert, for whom he always
entertained a rooted dislike, which seems to have
been mutual. At the Military Academy, however,
he distinguished himself, especially in mathematics.
" I owe a great deal to mathematics," he said, " it
forms the mind, and teaches one to think!' Still,
he afterwards regretted that his education had not
been wider in scope. So marked were his abilities,
however, while at the Academy, that when he left
it at sixteen, he was made sub-lieutenant of engi-
neers, although, by the rules of the service, it was
not before twenty years of age that an officer's com-
mission could be obtained ; but an exception was
made in his favour, and as sub-lieutenant he served
in various garrisons. Some imprudent, or as we
may suppose, liberal expressions he made use of
while at Genoa during the events of July, 1830,
brought him into disgrace, and forced him to resign
his commission, and it was now that, in default of
other employment, ho took to agriculture, and with
complete success. "It is right you should know,"
he says in a letter to M. Naville, "that I have be-
come an agriculturist for good and all ; it is now
my vocation. On my return from England I found
my father occupied with public affairs, and, there-
fore, no longer able to attend to his own ;
he suggested that I should take charge
of them, and I most readily consented,
for when it has been decided to undertake the
management of one's own property, unless it is
carefully looked after, one's fortune is at stake.
These occupations, which I undertook at first out of
duty, I now follow from inclination ; by degrees I
have acquired a taste for agricultural pursuits, and
I could not now give them up without much re-
gret." It was in 1833 that he undertook the
management of Leri, a large and neglected estate
which by his energy and sagacity he appears to
have brought to the highest degree of productive-
ness. " At sun rise, he was at his work, inspect-
ing his cattle sheds, present when the labourers
went to their work, and superintending their work
during the dog-days under a burning sun ; net
satisfied with giving general orders, but providing
for the minutest details, alive to all the discoveries
of chemistry and mechanical invention, multiplying
his experiments, and recording their results with
that good sense which never failed him, abandoning
one set of experiments and repeating others, upon
an immense scale, and with a degree of boldness
which frightened his good neighbours, who came
to him with fear and trembling for an
opinion." To agricultural chemistry, and especially
to the u
manures,
he seems to have paid
great
e atattention.
ts
tebnj
teicotn of .
"Manures,"
he says, "is the basis
of agriculture ; if it cannot be obtained, all effectual
t
no
progress is at once arrested. It is like building a
house with no foundation." And
exceptional in
English here
or
we
practical cannot
help
oretmhai:kminingdt—heaptuecruliana
the Italian aristocracy, who, as a general rule, leave
their estates entirely in the hands of their stewards,
and have sunk in consequence, many of them, into
a state little above pauperism. Nor did the estate
alone absorb all his activity. " At one time he was
superintending the clearing of a forest, at another
he was undertaking to supply the Pacha of Egypt
with 800 merino sheep, which after wards he did not
know where to get (though he soon found the
means to do so), then making canals, introducing
the cultivation of beet root, and projecting a manu-
factory of sugar." Moreover, (4 He established

packet-boats on the Lago Maggiore; and at Turin,
steam-mills for grinding corn, and a manufactory
for chemical products ;" and "he formed a rail-
way company and founded the Bank of
Turin." lie also materially aided in estab-
lishing the Agricultural Society of Piedmont,
the bye-laws of which were in great part his work
—in fact, his energy was inexhaustible. In the
autumn of 1834 he went to Genoa, and thence
visited Paris and England : his stay in the latter
country, however, was short. At that time he did
not understand the language; but he nevertheless
made use of the opportunity to thoroughly study
" the great question of pauperism ;" and he pub-
lished, " at the request of the Prime Minister, an
extract from the report of the Commissioners
charged by the English Government to inquire
into the state of the poor, and to prepare a new
law on the subject." At that time, and, indeed, up
to 1848, the Court of Turin was governed by the
Jesuits, and both political and intellectual freedom
were as far as possible annihilated. Indeed, Cavour
at that time compared Turin to "an intellectual
hell"—" science and intelligence," he said, " are
looked upon as inventions of the devil by those who
condescend to govern us." It may be imagined,
then, how little scope the arena of politics offered
him at that period. In 1843 he paid another visit
to England; when he becamikacquainted with Mr.
Davenport, a large landed proprietor of Cheshire,
on whose estate he had ample opportunity to study
the English system of agriculture, his remarks
on which, as expressed in a letter to M. Naville,
are extremely sensible, and he also seems to have
been greatly struck with the advantages of railroads.
On his return he published two articles, one being
en the condition of Ireland, and the other on the
abolition of the corn laws. In a letter to the writer
he said, "I am a great admirer of the English ; I
have a sincere sympathy for them, for I consider
them as the advanced guard of civilisation. Never-
theless, I have not the slightest confidence in their
politics. When I see them holding out one hand
to Metternich, and with the other pushing on the
ultra-Radicals in Portugal, Spain, and Greece, I
confess I am but little disposed to believe in their
political honesty." Thus his admiration of Eng-
land was not that of a mere partisan, and his re-
marks on the state of public feeling on the Conti-
nent with regard to us are worthy of attention.
in general favourable
" that public opi-
nion" It mustnn t
the
ee aContinentdmi t admitted,"
is h e
notsays,
to England. Extreme parties, opposed in every-
thing else, are agreed in entertaining a violent
hatred for that country. The moderate party like
her in theory, but in reality they have no sympathy
for her. A few individual men who rise superior
to the praises of the multitude, and to popular in-
stinct, alone feel that esteem and interest fcir the
English nation which is due to one of the greatest
nations who has done honour to mankind, who has
powerfully contributed to develope the material
and moral resources of the world, and
whose civilising mission is still far from
being ended. Let it not be supposed that
this is the feeling of France alone. In that
country it may be expressed in louder tones and in
a more lively manner; but substantially it is com-
mon to all European nations. From St. Petersburg
to Madrid, in Germany as in Italy, the enemies of
progress, and the partisans of political subversion,
look upon England as their most formidable adver-
sary. The former charge her with being the hot-
bed of every revolution, the secure refuge, the cita-
del as it were, of propagandists and levellers. The
latter, on the contrary, with more reason perhaps,
consider the English aristocracy as the corner-stone
of the social edifice of Europe ; and as the greatest
obstacle in the way of their democratic views. The
hatred which animates extreme parties against
England ought to make her popular with interme-
diate parties, with the friends of moderate reform,
and of the gradual and regular progress of mankind;
with those, in a word, who are, on principle, equally
opposed to sweeping changes in society, and to its
remaining stationary. But this is not so. The
motives which might induce them to sympathise
with England are met by a host of prejudices, re-
collections, humours, the effect of which is almost
always irresistible. I do not pretend to condemn
all the causes of this ill feeling ; I simply record
them." In 1847 Cavour, in conjunction with several
others, established a newspaper called the .Risor-
gimento, the organ of the moderate liberal party,
and of which he became editor, and as the reform
granted by Pius the Ninth at the close of the year
threw Italy into a ferment, he at a meeting of the
liberal party at Turin, proposed to ask the King
for a constitution. This motion was, at the
time, rejected; but a month later Charles Albert,
irresistibly impelled by the progress of events,
granted it, and to the special commission appointed
to /draw up the electoral law Cavour belonged.
Shortly after this he was cleated for Turin, became
absorbed in politics, and henceforth his career be-
longs to the history of Europe—of the world. The
brain of Italy he collected, as it were, to a focus the
scattered energies of his countrymen, inspired them
with confidence, united the party of order with
those of progress, ana boldly claimed and won for
her a place among the nations. Inflexible in pur-
pose, undaunted by difficulties, indefatigable in
exertion, he possessed the talentiaaand energies of a
multitude of men—he was in himself a host. Italy
for centuries has not produced his like. From
chaos he brought forth order; out of a small State
he created a great kingdom. To thoroughly esti-
mate his character in all its grand proportions, the
time is not yet ripe ; but to those who feel interest
in the career of not merely an Italian, or of a states-
man, but of, in the fullest sense of the term, a man,
we commend the present work. We envy not him
who can read parts of it without emotion. It
heightens our respect for human nature, and few
we think can rise from it without feeling
better. 'wiser and

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE

WEEK.

(From the Regatrar-General's Weekly Return.)
thethe weekly
total
number return .
t r alrt - appears
slof the Regis-
trar-general of deaths in
London in the week that ended last Saturday was
1,228. The average number for corresponding
weeks in ten previous years (after correction for
from
mat
increase of population) is 1,319. The deaths actually
registered last week are less by 91 than the number
obtained by calculation; but it will be observed that
the latter is raised above its normal amount by the
epidemic cholera of 1854, Which at this period of
the year had made considerable progress. It may,
however, be stated generally that the health of
London is at present quite as good as that which its
inhabitants usually enjoy in the middle of August.
, _

The births of last week exceeded the deaths in
the same period by 420.
Diarrhoea is on the increase, as is usual at this
season of the year. There were 116 deaths from it
last week, all of which, except 12, occurred among. t
infants. Besides these, 12 were referred to cholera,
which, with the exception of 3, occurred to very
young children. At 55, Grove-street, Regent's-
park, a letter-carrier, aged 58 years, died of cholem,
after a day's illness. A widow, aged 55 yearn,
died at 3, Horse Shoe-buildings, Shoreditch, of
English cholera. A woman, aged 42 years, died
of " subacute gastritis (8 days), caused by eating
roast pork out of season, which acted as an irritant
poison." A coal-whipper, aged 65 years, died sud-
denly from exhaustion, caused by a hard day's
work and want of sufficient nourishment. And a
child, the son of a shoebinder, died at 29, Mason-
street, Kent-road, from "disease
of the lungs, acce
lerated by want of proper nourishment -
and medical.
attention." Measles, which was fatal in 61 cases,
appears to prevail much in Holyvvell (Shoreditch),,
Hackney-road subdistrict, and Spitalfields.
Last week the births of 826 boys and 822 girls,
in all 1,648 children, were registered in Loudon..

lln the 10 corresponding weeks of the years 1852.61
the average number, (corrected) was 1,805.
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was '29.778 in.
The barometrical reading rose to 30.01 in. on Tues-
day, and it fell to 29.59 in. on Thursday. The
mean temperature of the air in the week was 58.7
deg., which is 2.8 degs below the average of the
same week in 43 years (as determined by Mr.
Glaisher). The mean daily temperature was below
the average throughout the week. The lowest
night temperature was 47.3 degs, on Sunday. The
highest day temperature was 74 degs. on Tuesday.
The range of the thermometer in the week was
26.7 degs. The mean daily range was '17.1 de-
grecs. The difference between the mean dew-
point temperature and air temperature was 3.1
degs. The mean degree of humidity of the air was
91, complete saturation being represented by 100,
which point was actually attained on Saturday.
The wind was W.N.W. on the first two days; it
was afterwards in the south-west till Saturday,
when it turned to north-east. The mean of the
highest temperatures of the water of the Thames
was 63.9 degs.; the mean of the lowest was 61.7
degs. The amount of rain measured was nearly an
inch, all of which fell on the last three days.

NOTES
United
InNited"StEa-Rtesi,CoAnly
COOutUoNE
of
T 1
,38
253 have escaped the attempts at imitation by one
1 bankslr E i r
in the
or other of the many species of frauds ; and, out of
this 253, at least 143 are not worth counterfeiting;
so that, in round numbers, out of 1,300 bank-notes
issued but 100 are not counterfeited. The rule is
that the better the bank the more the counterfeits.
All the New York City notes are counterfeited ex-
cept
three, and of these two are closing institutions,
and one does not issue any notes! The only State
(besides lowa, which has but one bank) whose bank-
notes are not counterfeited is Florida. The reason
is plainly because the genuine notes of the four
banks in that State are all of doubtful value. So in
all the Seceded States, where the paper currency is
much depreciated, counterfeiting is at a low tide.
Maryland has only four bank-note issues not coun-
terfeited out of 33, and of these four one is at a
heavy discount. The great State of Massachusetts,
with her 182 banks, has only seven whose issues are
not counterfeited. And yet Massachusetts is the
only State where there is an association for the
prevention of counterfeiting. Of the 295 banks in
New York State the issues of only 45 are not coun-
terfeited. After deducting from the list of banks
whose issues are not counterfeit the " wild-cat,"
the " shaky," the closing, the closed, the worthless,
those not yet in operation, and those which are
new, the list of uncounterfeited bank-notes grows
small and (not beautifully) less. The total num-
ber of kinds of counterfeits in circulation is
5,902, so far as those most interested in keeping
the record can determine. How many thousand of
each of these kinds, or of many other kinds, are in
circulation, is known, of course, only to the origir•
nators of the frauds.

But the analysis of the different -species teaches
us a wholesome lesson as to the facility for frauds
which our paper money presents to the counter-
feiter. But a very small portion of our bad bills is
composed of " imitations," or bona fide counterfeits
of the genuine notes. This is accounted for by the
difficulty of producing counterfeits in the same
way that the originals are manufactured. Even of
the 461 " imitations" out of 5,902 different kinds of
fraudulent notes, the great majority is set down as
badly done, poorly executed, engraving coarse, &c.
The frauds are, however, effected in many other
ways—viz., by alterations from one bank to ano-
ther, or from a lower to a higher denomination ;
by spurious notes, well engraved, but unlike
genuine except in name, by photography, litho-
graphy, &c. The alterations number highest on
the list, and count up 3,039 varieties out of the
total number of 5,902 frauds, or more than half of
our bad bills consist of altered notes. One cause of
this multiplicity of altered notes is the remarkable
similarity of names occurring among the banks in
this country.
We find 24 Union banks, of which eight are in
New York State; 23 city banks, of which four are
in New York State ; 23 farmers' banks, of which
seven are in New York State. There are eight
people's banks, six traders' banks, 14 farmers' and
and mechanics' banks, 10 market banks. Then' we
have mechanics' and manufacturers,' mechanics'
and traders,' mechanics' and farmers,' mechanics'
and merchants', mechanics' and planters' banks ad
libitum, and all those titles transposed. Likewise far-
mers' and citizens', farmers' and manufacturers',
farmers' and merchants', farmers' and mechanics',
farmers' and exchange banks, all tending to con-
fuse by the similarity of title, especially since the
name of the State is often placed in an obscure
corner of the note, so as not to attract attention,
and give a poor bank the benefit of the circulation
of a good bank of the same name. Thus, when a
New Yorker sees the Orange County Bank, his
mind will naturally revert to our land of milk and
butter, and he may take the note, not thinking there
is an Orange Bank in New Jersey, and an Orange
Bank in Vermont, or perchance an Orange Bank in
Washington, D.C. So, in the palmy days of the
Washington shinplasters, bogus banks were started
with names similar to our best city banks, by which
means many citizens were swindled, they having
supposed, on taking the bills, that they were tak-
ing city money. The evil was greatly heightened
by the fact that the same engravers who engraved
the good money engraved the bad, so that in many
cases it required the closest scrutiny to distinguish
the good from the bad ; so close was the resem-
blance, in fact, that when some of the bogus banks
collapsed, the bad money was easily altered so as
to be more like the good by simply changing the
name of the State. This is indeed one of the most
fruitful sources of altered notes, the bad notes of a
popular name being available for frauds of good
banks of the same name in other States. The beauti-
ful and apparently; secure style of engraving bank
notes generally adopted in this country in reality
facilitates counterfeiting, because the small de-
nominations can be easily erased and larger
ones substituted. The practice, which has prevailed
to a great extent, of using parts of bank-notes for
other purposes, has enabled counterfeiters to obtain
possession of denominational figures, which are
readily printed into any required spot of a note to
be altered.

Another aid to alterations of bank-notes is the
repeated and frequent use of the same devices on
the notes of different banks, and often of different
banks of the sathe name. A counterfeit of one note
is a counterfeit of parts of many others, so that the
labours of the counterfeiter are greatly simplified.
These peculiarities of the present system of bank-
notelaengraving were strikingly illustrated !v7O
of the most successful counterfeiting operations

ever known.
In the first instance a United States Treasury
note was actually engraved by the engravers who
executed the original, who were, without suspicion
on their part, employed by the counterfeiter to do
the counterfeit. The same dies or stamps were,
therefore, used to do both the original and counter-
feit. In the second instance (the great Austrian
bank forgery of 1858), some of the most respectable
and capable artists of the city were, unknown to
themselves, engaged in executing the counterfeit.
In both these instances the plan pursued was
exactly that of the first counterfeiter of the Bank
of England note, more than 100 years ago. In all
three cases the counterfeiters were not artists.
From the time of Vaughan, who was a linendraper,
down to Jerry Cowsden, the most successful of
American counterfeiters, the greater number and
most dangerous counterfeits have been produced
by men who were not artists.
Next in number to the altered notes come the
spurious, and it is curious to observe the relations

STAMPED ....nd.

which these two species of fraud have to each other
as compared with their relations in past years.
Spurious notes resemble only in name the notes for
which they are intended to pass. The counterfeiter
relies upon the ignorance of the public as to the
appearance of the genuine note. He uses broken
and bogus bank plates, sometimes carefully altering
the states and signatures so as to have the fraud
present the semblance of goodOss. While only
about two-thirds of our bank-note issues were coun-
terfeited in 1856 about four-fifths are counterfeited
now. There is a decrease of imitations or real coun-
terfeits, because the facilities for alterations have
increased to such an extent that, instead of 1,119 in
1856, we have 3,039 different kinds in 1862. The
spurious notes have also increased from 224 to
1,685 varieties, and the miscellaneous frauds from
142 to 717 varieties. The total increase in the
number of banks was only about 72, while the in-
crease of counterfeiting of all kinds was nearly
3,000 varieties. How many of each variety was
issued, as already remarked, is known only to the
counterfeiter. Making the moderate estimate of
1,000 dols. of each variety in circulation, we have a
total amount of nearly 6,000,000 dols. (and possibly
60,000,000 dols. are afloat) of bad money constantly
passing from hand to hand, destroying confidence
in the circulating medium, embarrassing trade, and
presenting an appalling evidence of moral turpi-
tude.—New York Times.

THE RIGHT OF FREE SPEECH VINDI-

TED IN MASSACLIUSETiZ

We take from the Boston Courier the following
full report of the trial mentioned in our New York
correspondent's letter. It will be found extremely
interesting, and certainly the speech of the prisoners'
counsel was " free" enough :
" At the examination of the Gordons for treason
in Boston, R. H. Dana, jun., the District Attorney,
appeared, and said in substance that there was no
statute of the United States under which the
Gordons could be held merely for expressions of
hostility to the Government, or for receiving intel-
ligence from the South ; that such things were not
actually treason, there being no overt acts proved ;
that the line must be drawn somewhere, and that,
although the conduct of the Gordons was pretty
close up to it, he must enter a nolle prosequi in the
case.

" Mr. H. M. Parker replied that, after what had
been said by the Attorney, it was his duty to pro-
test against any disposition of the case, except by a
hearing and determination by the magistrate. He
said that no one of the five Gordons had been guilty
even of improper talk, except Henry, the youngest.
He warned those self-constituted committees that
the community would not tolerate such inferences
as they had been guilty of. He thought the counsel
for the defendants ought to have an opportunity to
vindicate the character of these men. He had not
himself preferred to argue this case, having from
the beginning left that to the junior counsel, Mr.
Sennot.

"Mr. Dana said that an argument in the case
after Government had abandoned it would be use-
less; but if anything could be said in vindication
of the Gordons it would be quite fair to allow it.
" Mr. Sennott was obliged to fhe District Attor-
ney for that. He said that, after what the Gor-
dons had suffered, it would be no advantage to
them to argue their case. What they wanted
their counsel to do was to vindicate their charac-
ter, and to expose the meanness of their prose-
cutors. This he proposed to do now.

"He then addressed the Commissioners in a
speech, from which we make the following extracts:

" THE RIGHT OF FREE SPEECH:

" ' I declare before God that, as I understand that
right, I value it more than Ido my. life ! And I call
this whole country to witness if I have not before
now proved the sincerity of this declaration by my
actions ! And the right I vindicated at the hazard
of my life, before a Southern tyrant, I will not
give up, for the sake of my business, to a Yankee
sneak. Neither shall the Gordons. Their case is ours.
We are tried with them. And in defending them we
defend ourselves and country from a gang compared
with whom Col. Ledbetter is humane, and General
Floyd respectable. Mr. Sumner was once the ad-
vocate of free speech. He claimed to be almost one
of its martyrs ; and in defence of it, or in conse-
quence of it, he certainly was the victim of a cow-
ardly assault, inflicted with a ferocity and endured
with a meekness unexampled in the annals of
cudgelling ! He now changes his opinion, or at
least his language. With that felicity of illusion
which belongs, among the public writers of Ame-
rica, to him and to Governor Andrew alone, he
advises his friends to put their ' heels' upon those
who differ from them, and who dare to speak out.
The advice is given in a letter to the late war meet-
ing at New York. Is this prosecution an experi-
ment made upon poor mechanics, by a few small
conspirators, in pursuance of an agreement between
the principal Thugs at Washington, in order, if it
works well, to sacrifice more important victims to
the Abolition Kalee ? I do not know. I know
that tne gentlemen of the Republican party do not
countenance it, and that it will fail here, because,
to reach their political opponents, they must cut
down their political and personal friends. If free
speech is treason here, our excellent Governor would
speedily be known as the late unlamented John A.
1 Andrew, for his speech is exceedingly free and easy
—quite loose, as you may say. Then, what would
become of Mr. Phillips ? Does he speak in favour
of the Government ? Has he ever said anything in
favour of any Government except that of Hayti?
Did he not lately advise a large and patriotic as-
sembly not to give a man or a dollar to the Govern-
ment of the United States ? And did not that
patriotic society applaud that liberal suggestion ?
Shall we prosecute Mr. Phillips, therefore? Not
with my goodwill. Not without my active. ree'fiti
ante. I should violate the very first prin
anywciPales,.ing
°
Democracy, which is greater to me
did th
not fight for
but the Word of God himself, if I
any fool who
Mx. Phillip's right to talk treason to
an
wants to hear him."
riaSl II TROOPS ON
" WHAT WAS SAID OF TIM --
t of the late Colonel Cass
" ' When the regiment of
of the 2d battalion,
it off, without an escort
hissed in
.State-street, as was the
',wawa
it was not actually
regiment on its return from Mexico,
Massachusetts
ble remark was made and hea d th t
but the agrees r a
of the Irish would be agr trelief
the departure at to
our poorhouses and gaols. The Governor or his
friends way say so about Colonel Cass's countrymen
the Irish, without committing treason or even giv-
er/3n about Mr. Andrew's BOSTON.
jog offence. We are not accused of talking so badly
.—yet we are prosecuted !' men—the negroes

" WHAT MR. SENNOTT THINKS OF SECRETARY

SEWARD.

" Have we arrived at such a state that no one
must find fault with any action or omission of the
Government or any member of it, without having
treason imputed to him ? Cannot you, Sir? Can-
not 1 ? I, for example, have the misfortune to think
that Mr. Seward, our present Secratary of State, is
not as fit, as a statesman, to index the papers of the
late Silas Wright. However little he may be affected
by my thoughts, I do think his want of sense—sober
sense—has made him the laughing-stock of Europe.
I think he is a small ward and county politician,
who writes like a sophomore and acts like a stock
jobber. Every time he speaks about what will hap-
pen in 60 days, in 90 days, he puts me in mind of a
kerb-stone broker, chattering over the approaching
maturity of a dubious note ! I think such men have
been advanced to important places in this country
about as often as they will be, and cannot help re-
joicingprobably be
the last of the Lilliputians.'
" AN ILLUSTRATION—SEWARD AND SINNER:
"'Again, Ido not worship Mr. Sumner. ean-
not admire a person who is so simple as to think it
to think that Mr. Seward will