The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-20 00:00:00

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THE: SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENI`* G, AUGUST 20, 1862,

QREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-
On SATURDAY, Auo'nst 23, an EXCURSION TRAIN
will leave PADDINGTON at 2.25 p.m., and Reading at 3.35
p.m., for CI ItENCESTER and Stroud (12a. and 65.); Glou-
cester and Cheltenham (14s. and 78.)• Rosa andugu Hereford
(16s,
(16s, and Bs.) ; returning at 5 p.m. on Tuesday, A

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-
On SUNDAY, August 24, an EXCURSION TRAIN
will leave Paddington at 8.40 a.m. for TAPLOW Os. and
2s. 6d.), Twyford and Henley (ss. 61 and 35.), Pangbourne,
Goring, Wallingford-road (6s. and 3s. 6d.), Abingdon and
Oxford (6s. 6d. and 45.), returning the same day at 7.30 p.m.

packet-boats on the Lago Maggiore; and at Turin,
' steam-mills for grinding corn, and a manufactory
for chemical products ;" and "he formed a rail-
way company and founded the Bank of
Turin." He also materially aided in estab-
lishing the Agricultural Society of Piedmont,
the bye-laws of which were in great part his work
—in fact, his energy was inexhaustible. In the
autumn of 1834 he went to Genoa, and thence
visited Paris and England : his stay in the latter
country, however, was short. At that time he did
not understand the language ; but he nevertheless
made use of the opportunity to thoroughly study
" the great question of pauperism ;" and he pub-
lished, " at the request of the Prime Minister, an
extract from the report of the Commissioners
charged by the English Government to inquire
into the state of the poor, and to prepare a new
law on the subject." At that time, and, indeed, up
to 1848, the Court of Turin was governed by the
Jesuits, and both political and intellectual freedom
were as far as possible annihilated. Indeed, Cavour
at that time compared Turin to "an intellectual
hell"—" science and intelligence," he said, " are
looked upon as inventions of the devil by those who
condescend to govern us." It may be imagined,
then, how little scope the arena of politics offered
him at that period. In 1843 he paid another visit
to England l- when he became acquainted with Mr.
Davenport, a large landed proprietor of Cheshire,
on whose estate he had ample opportunity to study
the English system of agriculture, his remarks
on which, as expressed in a letter to M. Naville,
are extremely sensible, and he also seems to have
been greatly struck with the advantages of railroads.
On his return he published two articles, one being
on the condition of Ireland, and the other on the
abolition of the corn laws. In a letter to the writer
he said, " I am a great admirer of the English ; I
have a sincere sympathy for them, for I consider
them as the advanced guard of civilisation. Never-
theless, I have not the slightest confidence in their
politics. When I see them holding out one hand
to Metternich, and with the other pushing on the
ultra-Radicals in Portugal, Spain, and Greece, I
confess I am but little disposed to believe in their
political honesty." Thus his admiration of Eng-
land was not that of a mere partisan, and his re-
marks on the state of public feeling on the Conti-
nent with regard to us are worthy of attention.
" It must be admitted," he says, " that public opi-
nion on the Continent is not in general favourable
to England. Extreme parties, opposed in every-
thing else, are agreed in entertaining a violent
hatred for that country. The moderate party like
her in theory, but in reality they have no sympathy
for her. A few individual men who rise superior
to the praises of the multitude, and to popular in-
stinct, alone feel that. esteem and interest for the
English nation which is due to one of the greatest
nations who has done honour to mankind, who has
powerfully contributed to develops the material
and moral resources of the world, and
whose civilising mission is still far from
being ended. Let it not be supposed that
this is the feeling of France alone. In that
country it may be expressed in louder tones and in
a more lively manner ; but substantially it is com-
mon to all European nations. From St. Petersburg
to Madrid, in Germany as in Italy, the enemies of
progress, and the partisans of political subversion,
look upon England as their most formidable adver-
sary. The former charge her with being the hot-
bed of every revolution, the secure refuge, the cita-
del as it were, of propagandists and levellers. The
latter, on the contrary, with more reason perhaps,
consider the English aristocracy as the corner-stone
of the social edifice of Europe ; and as the greatest
obstacle in the way of their democratic views. The
hatred which animates extreme parties against
England ought to make her popular with interme-
diate parties, with the friends of moderate reform,
and of the gradual and regular progress of mankind;
with those, in a word, who are, on principle, equally
opposed to sweeping changes in society, and to its
remaining stationary. But this is not so. The
motives which might induce them to sympathise
with England are met by a host of prejudices, re-
collections, humours, the effect of which is almost
always irresistible. I do not pretend to condemn
all the causes of this ill feeling ; I simply record
them." In 1847 Cavour, in conjunction with several'
others, established a newspaper called the .Risor-
giniento, the organ of the moderate liberal party,
and of which he became editor, and as the reform
granted by Pius the Ninth at the close of the year
threw Italy into a ferment, he at a meeting of the
liberal party at Turin, proposed to ask the King
for a constitution. This motion was, at the
time, rejected ; but a month later Charles Albert,
irresistibly impelled by the progress of events,
granted it, and to the special commission appointed
to draw up the electoral law Cavour belonged.
Shortly after this he was elected for Turin, became
absorbed in politics, and henceforth his career be-
longs to the history of Europe—of the world. The
brain of Italy he collected, as it were, to a focus the
scattered energies of his countrymen, inspired them
with confidence, united the party of order with
those of progress, and boldly claimed and won for
her a place among the nations. Inflexible in pur-
pose, undaunted by difficulties, indefatigable in
exertion, he possessed the talents and energies of a
multitude of men—he was in himself a host. Italy
for centuries has not produced his like. From
chaos he brought forth order ; out of a small State
he created a great kingdom. To thoroughly esti-
mate his character in all its grand proportions, the
time is not yet ripe ; but to those who feel interest
in the career of not merely an Italian, or of a states-
man, but of, in the fullest sense of the term,
a man,
we commend the present work. We envy not him
who can read parts of it without emotion. It
heightens our respect for human nature, and few
we think can rise from it without feeling
wiser and
better.

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE

WEEK.

(From the Repstrar-Ceneres Weekly Return.)
It appears from the weekly return of the Regis-
trar-General that the total number of deaths in
London in the week that ended last Saturday was
1,228. The average number for corresponding
weeks in ten previous years (after correction for
increase of population) is 1,319. The deaths actually
registered last week are less by 91 than the number
obtained by calculation; but it will be observed that
the latter is raised above its normal amount by the
epidemic cholera of 1854, which at this period of
the year had made considerable progress. It may,
however, be stated generally that the health of
London is at present quite as good as that which its
inhabitants usually enjoy in the middle of August.
The births of last week exceeded the deaths in
the same period by 420.
Diarrhoea is on the increase, as is usual at this
season of the year. There were 116 deaths from it
last week, all of which, except 12, occurred amongst
infants. Besides these, 12 were referred to cholera,
which, with the exception of 3, occurred to very
young children. At 55, Grove-street, Regent's-
park, a letter-carrier, aged 58 years, died of cholera,
after a day's illness. A widow, aged 55 years,
died at 3, Horse Shoe-buildings, Shoreditch, of
English cholera. A woman, aged 42 years, died
of "subacute gastritis (8 days), caused by eating
roast pork out of season, which acted as an irritant
poison." A coal-whipper, aged 65 years, died sud-
denly from exhaustion, Caused by a hard day's
work and want of sufficient nourishment. And a
child, the son of a shoebinder, died at 29, Mason-
street, Kent-road, from "disease of the lungs, acce-
lerated by want of proper nourishment and medical
attention." Measles, which was fatal in 61 cases,
appears to prevail much in Holy well (Shoreditch),
Hackney-road sub district, and Spitalfields.
Last week the births of 826 boys and 822 girls,
in all 1,648 children, were registered in London.

1 In the 10 corresponding weeks of the years 1852-61
the average number (corrected) was 1,805.
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 29.'778 in.
The barometrical reading rose to 30.01 in. on Tues-
day, and it fell to 29.59 in. on Thursday. The
mean temperature of the air in the week was 58.7
deg., which is 2.8 degs below the average of the
same week in 43 years (as determined by Mr.
Glaisher). The mean daily temperature was below
the average throughout the week. The lowest
night temperature was 47.3 degs. on Sunday. The
highest day temperature was 74 deg•. on Tuesday.
The range of the thermometer in the week was
26.7 degs. The mean daily range was 17.1 de-
grees. The difference between the mean dew-
point temperature and air temperature was 3 1
degs. The mean degree of humidity of the air was
91, complete saturation being represented by 100,
which point was actually attained on Saturday.
The wind was W.N.W. on the first two days ; it
was afterwards in the south-west till Saturday,
when it turned to north-east. The mean of the
highest temperatures of the water of the Thames
was 63.9 degs.; the mean of the :lowest was 61.7
degs. The amount of rain measured was nearly an
inch, all of which fell on the last three days.