The Sun.
London, England, 1862-11-27 00:00:00

COMMERCIAL.

Our Commercial Summary gives—Exports checked;
imports encouraging; money dearer; stocks drooping;
shares steady ; exchange lower ; freights advanced.
Exports.—The advanced rates of freight now ruling
exercise a considerable check on business. Our market con-
tinues moderately supplied, and prices are steadily main-
tained in most cases. Transactions since the re-opening of
business en the 10th have been chiefly in jute and linseed.
Indigo at full prices. Sugar, 4to 6 annas dearer. Salt-
petre, 4 annas up.
Money.—The Bank of Bengal on the 25th ult, raised its
rates of interest and discount 1 per cent. The market in
the Bazaar has been gradually tightening owing to the
absence of remittances from the North-West and the re-
quirements
of
entosatpoirtal available.theDoorga holidays. We have still a full
Government Securities.—Prior to the holidays transac-
tions in Four per Cent., for delivery after the vacation,
continued at about the rates we last gave, which were
5-12 to 6.4 discount. The alteration in the Bank rates of
interest on the 25th ult. checked speculative operations.
Subsequent to the holidays, in expectation that the Bank's
rates would be again raised, business was very limited and
prices generally drooping. There having been no change
made on the 16th, quotations have rallied and there is
again more doing. Five-and-a-Half quote at 12.0 to 12.4.
Fives have ruled from 4.0 to 4.4 discount. Fours 6.10 to
6.4, Siccas 8.0 to 8.2 discount.

CHINA.

The Overland China Mail says :

" The past fortnight in China and Japan has
been marked by one or two incidents that may
affect the future current of events in some degree.

"At Yokohama one of our countrymen was 1
mnrdered in cold blood and two others wounded
while riding along the high road from Yedo to
Miako. [Particulars will be found below.] It
has, we ought to state, always been the practice
for the Japanese authorities to intimate to us a few
days previously the particular day on which any
nobleman with his retainers intended to travel along
the road to a foreign settlement. Our authorities
have then made the matter public, and advised those
under their care to avoid giving cause of offence by
going in the way of the procession. On the present
occasion there had been no notice given on either
side. The tendency of events like this is to confine
foreigners more and more to the particular spots
conceded to them for the purposes of trade.
" From Peking there is no intelligence of im-
portance. _ _... .

" From Ningpo, however, we learn that General
Ward has been killed while operating against the
Taepings in the neighbourhood. In our last sum-
mary of news we spoke of a lamentable catastrophe,
brought on by a French officer, at Yu Yoau, a town
up the river from Ningpo. The Cantonese, who
then deserted and went over to the rebels, appear
to have conveyed to the latter an erroneous impres-
sion of our force and intentions, for the Taepings
began to move about the country more freely and
burn down the hamlets as usual, plundering and
murdering on all sides. They came to the town of
Tszehee, but were completely repulsed by the shells
from the Confucius and the Hardy, and by Ward's
Legion. Here the Taepings left 700 killed on the
field, and all their flags. Ward was viewing the fugi-
tives through his glass when a bullet entered his belly
just above the navel; he was brought down in the
Hardy, and died the following day in Dr. Parkes's
Hospital. He had his senses to the last, and made his
will, leaving Sir James Hope and the Hon. Mr.
Burlingame as his executors ;
he leaves some two
or three hundred thousand dollars. His loss is
perhaps to be regretted, as he bad great influence
among his troops, who are said to have reposed the
highest confidence in their leader. No successor
to Ward has yet been named.
" A correspondent writes us from Ningpo, stating
10 miles from Ningpo ; he had
rebels are reported to
that some of the gaudily dressed boys who abound
have appeared about
was, that between
not seen anybody
p there was still a re-
spectableNingpo and the rebel
who had seen them, but his
The native drilled troops at
distance.
2,500 bayonets, and the Taepings
Ningpo amouut to
liev
e that consular ports are no
are beginning to bye
M. Giquel, of the Customs,
longer to be taken M. Giqil, of the Customs,
has been spoken of
as
a successor to Ward, but the
has been spokes
with
wa isnunit ions
authenticallyof war.re .
probably unfounded founded ; nevertheless, this gen-
un .
considerable activity in a mili-
tarytleman has shown considerable
direction for some .
time past, The party who
Eni:rgieitn,preohvoeletroabehatihsdeeaaclomnotisnt
went over to the rebels, in consequence of French
A considerable rising of the Mahomedaen
the ex-pirate. Attempts continue to b
idea is pro
4; At Shanghae, all is profoundly quiet.
g disappeared.entofAPak'
I 11
popula-
tiona de
b tradersy
in the
e supply
province the
of Shensi
e niy
ported soon after the departure of
further intelligence has reached us as to its pro-
gress or character.

"From Anoy, Fuchau, and Swatow, there is no
news of importance.
"At Canton three officers and 42 men of her
Majesty's 99th and Royal Artillery are at present
quartered at the Heights ; their business in Canton
is to drill Chinese troops for the protection of the
city against the Taepings, who were lately found to
have conspirators at word to produce disaffection
and internal disorder in Canton, and so, probably,
prepare it for easier capture. The Chinese troops
are said to take kindly to their drill ; the present

. .-,18 sPAPER
. ,
:meat is no doubt the restrOWtrri AM. Vn.
Peking. We are glad 0034. iiiiiijiV4k-,„.:31'4'1
mises to work well ;it is the leasittif4iidiiii4 'ii:,l4,
4
eviig, the other being the aZ.lmiss Tiji,,rj.:w.io, ,
.7 - ,(07/1
into our neighbourhood, 4ncl the fr rttititliii,AL,sl
thriving towns ititn military camps con ninflnenS
- • Avowedly have no :egular pay, but subsist on
sir plunder, and who, morZover, have no real end
in view but subsistence itself, Laid the practice of
cruelty and wantonness.
"It was mentioned some time ago that intelli-
gence had been received of the murder by the go-
vernor of the province of Kweichow (in the south-
west of the Empire) of two Roman Catholic mis-
sionaries and some of their 'converts;' and we now
learn that the Pekin Gazette of August 5 contains
an Imperial edict, removing the governor, Tiern-
Hing-shoo, from his pest. General arbitrariness of
conduct is alleged, in this manifesto, egainet tt:e
official in question, in addition to his persecui ion of
P:e Christians, as a reason for 'moving him, aid
dirctting the superior boards to decide upon au
oppiopii,;_ie punithment. His succtssor in cflico is
not designate; -
" Cholera is aba,:_ing in Macao. Arrangements
are on foot for the e,qtablishment of the foreign
customs in this city, were irregularitiLs have
hitherto been the rule_
~ In Hong Kong everything g,,,es on smoothly."

THE TRAGEDY NEAR YOKOI,!:AMA.
The following is an account of the recent mur-
derous attack upon a party of foreigners in the
neighbourhood of Yokohama; it is from the japan
Express of Sept. 17:—
" We have again to record more victims to the policy
pursued by the treaty powers and the conduct of Colonel
St. jo'hn Neale, in flying from Yedo. About 3 o'clock this
day (Sunday, Sept. 14) a party of gentlemen and one lady,
composed of Air Marshall, Mr. Richardson, and
Clark (of
.
Aug. Heard and Co.), aid Mrs. Borradaile, were quietly
riding on the Tokido towards Z.awasaki, about four miles
-:ed a train of followers
from Kanagawa,when they encounte.
dressed in the uniform of the Prince*: Satsuma. - The
okith;:. and without
Japanese spread themselves across the T
r.zrty. The
any warning made a deadly attack on the entire
unfortunate Mr. Richardson was mortally woundea; but
stuck to his horse for some time, when he fell to the gotta
lifeless. Mr. Marshall, wounded as he was, remained same
minutes with the body. The whole party were wounded,,
except, we are happy to say, Mrs. Borradaile. The unfor-
tunate Richardson had his head fairly severed from his
trunk, and was cut in several places—he must have been
attacked by mere than one person. Mr. Marshall's wound
was from a spear to all appearance ; he is, however, not
dangerously wounded. It required but little more force to
have entered his left lung, Mr. Clark is, however, in a
more precarious situation. He was cut across the left
shoulder, and will lose the use of his arm, if he escapes with
his life. Mrs. Borradaile escaped unhurt, but sadly un-
nerved. The gentlemen, in shielding her, exposed them-
selves to the blows of the assassins. The French Minister
was promptly on the spot, with his guard and men in arms
from the war ships. The body was escorted by a large
number of the citizens, as well as the officers and men of the
ships in the harbour. The feeling was very strong against
Colonel Neale. The in-Ipression was that he lacked nerve
or courage to act with 11,5eision or promptness. The
wounded parties were taken to the American consulate in
Kanagawa, where Dr. Hepburn was promptly in attend-
ance, and all was done that was possible for them. Later
they were conveyed to Yokohama. They are doing well.
The French guard was attacked by a Japanese pn horse-
back. He was bayonetted and shot at. It is not kNown if
the Japanese was mortally wounded.

" September 15—This was a gloomy day in Yokohama.
All business was suspended ; the vessels about to leave
were detained; sorrow and grief were depicted on every
countenance. The day before was one of intense excite-
ment, this was one of serious dejection. Here was the
lifeless body of a gentleman who but a few hours previous
was in the prime of health, life, and promise. Having
realised a fortune, Mr. Richardson was on a visit to his
friends in Yokohama. It is said that he had secured
a passage in the St. Louis, but was persuaded to re-
main a fortnight longer. Instead of the gay and happy
Richardson, his mangled corpse was all that remained. He
was frightfully wounded—one cut diagonally across the
back, from which his lungs, heart, and stomach protruded.
Another cut from the shoulder down the side fairly severed
his arm from his back. There were several other wounds,
one across the abdomen, from which the intestines pro-
truded. Much speculation prevails as to the manner of the
attack, the wounded parties being yet too much excited to
give a very distinct account of it. The nearest to the truth
as far as we have been able to gather it is, that the party
met the cortege of a third or fourth-rate of Damlo. They
were permitted to pass along a line of about ;.00 men un-
molested. They then encountered a man of giant propor-
tions, who motioned for them to turn back. Having a
lady with them, there was no other alternative, and they
immediately turned their horses to retrace their way to
Kari2gawa, As soon as Richardson turned his horse, he
received the deaaii wound across his back. The attack
then became general ca.; all the party. Mrs. Borradaile
was struck at with a sabre, which took with it the front of
her hat and a portion of the haft from the front of the
head. She fortunately received no serious injury. Mr.
Marshall told Mrs. Borradaile to save herself by riding off
at the greatest speed, which she did, not knowing for a
long time after that the entire party was not killed. She
rode for the American Consulate, but when she reached
the entrance her horse shied and ran ,towards
Yokohama at his utmost speed. Mrs. Borradaile
reached the residence of Mr. S. J. Gower exhausted,
having ridden seven miles without anything on her head.
This was indeed a trying ordeal for the lady, whose pre-
sence of mind and courage prabably saved her life. A Ja-
panese boy, who says he witnessed the whole affair, saw
Richardson sitting on the ground, and begging for a drink
of water. At this moment a noriman stopped, and the oc-
cupant asked ' what was the difficulty.' He was answered,
' Only a foreigner' (' R'yo-zin bakara'). This man got out
of the noriman and inflicted several wounds. It is possible
that he received the fatal wounds at the time. There are
many incidents connected with this fiendish assassination
—meetings of citizens, address to the Earl Russell, form-
ing a military corps from among the residents, cowardly
and mean conduct of Col. Neale, with the noble course
pursued by M. de Bellecourt, Captain Vyse, Lieut. Applin,
and others—all of which it is impossible to publish in time
for our • Extra,' having no type at our command. In our
next regular issue we will give all the particulars referred
to.

"At 4 p.m. the remains of Mr. Richardson were taken
to the grave, followed by a large cortege, led. by the band of
the Le Monge ; then followed a number of armed soldiers ;
the Episcopal minister, the Rev. M. Buekworth Bailey;
then the corpse borne on a litter with four pall bearers—
Captain F. Howard Vyse, Mr. S. J. Gower, and Messrs.
Aspinall and J. H. Bell. Instead of the pall bearers, as a
guard of honour to the corpse were files of French and
English soldiers under arms. Then the French Mini-
ster, the English Charge d'Affaires, the Count
d'Harcourt, English Admiral, Commodore Buys, of
the Vice-Admiral Koopman, and other officers, consuls,
&c., then the residents of all nationalities ; the rear was
brought up by the English guard, the whole forming an
imposing and solemn procession. At the grave the burial
service of the English Church was impressively read by the
Rev. Mr. Buckworth Bailey."

THIS NEWSPAPER,
“THE SUN,"

To be SOLD by AUCTION, by a Decree of the Lord
Chancellor and with the approbation of the Master of the
Rolls, on THURSDAY, the 4th December. 1862, at the
AUCTION MART, London, unless previously disposed of
by Private Contract.
The property may be viewed by cards, to be obtained from
the auctioneer, Mr. Edward Lumley, of 67, Chancery-lane,
London, 'Ol C., and of the undersigned; of each of whom
printed particulars may also be had, and to whom proposals
for purchase by private contract may be made.
ADAII RIVE ti S STEELE, Solicitor,
44, Bloomsbury-square, London, W.C.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tars DAY.—Morning, sh. 48m.—Afternoon, 6h. 12m.
TO,MORROw.-Morning, Oh. 40m.—Afternoon, 7h. 10m.

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THE SUN.
LONDON, THURSDAY, NOV. 27, 1862.

The condition of Lancashire must enforce atten-
tion to the International Law of Blockade. The
distress there arises so directly and with so many
aggravations from it that the question will be asked,
more loudly than ever, Is the existing law right.?
It is acknowledged that we cannot raise the blockade
to avert a cotton famine, as we repealed the Corn
Laws to avert a famine of bread ; but we can open
our eyes to the lesson of this dreadful calamity, if
indeed it has a political lesson for us. -We could
not with a spark of honour, after having always
haughtily insisted on our right to blockade a belli-
gerent's commercial ports, refuse the Federals that
right when we, contrary to their wish at the time,
acknowledged the Scuth as a belligerent. Had we
not done this we might have insisted on their ad-
herence to their own refusal to admit that any
power could blockade its own ports. In which
ease, however, they would doubtless have refused to
continue the Southern ports as ports of entry. So
that complications would have arisen in that way.
As the matter stands we have no decent alternative
but to feed our people, starved by the blockade, as
best we may.

For ourselves, we must confess that we desire
time for the most careful and impartial considers.
tion. As no one contemplates breaking the'present
blockade, there is time, ample time, we hope, before
the question of another commercial blockade will
arise. Let the subject, therefore, be discussed both
in and out of Parliament. It is comparatively new
to the country, and it is not easy yet to hold the
balances impartially. The very calamity which
raises the question—Are " commercial blockades"
requisite to the safety of our homes ai.d firesides ?
is apt to bias our judgments. When such a blockade
has filled so many homes with untold misery, it is
natural to ask whether their safety really requires
such suffering. It is useless to dogmatise on such
a subject. No one can pretend that he has yet fairly
appreciated all the probable consequences of either
course. The journals and the statesmen who at
present are most positive for either view will be
held by impartial men to have judged from old pre-
possessions, or one-sided pondering of facts. For
ourselves, we may own that the scale preponderates
in favour of abolishing " commercial blockades; "
but we see so much to be alleged on the other side,
that we would on no account, yet, give unqualified

judgment against them.
It is,- indeed, a case of nearly balanced advan-
tages and balanced evils. To an insular, commer-
cial, manufacturing country, one-third of whose
food is imported, and bought with the manufactures
's7'e export, what advantage can equal that of being
certain that no war between other powers, and no
war between ourselves and them, could interfere
with the inflow of our food and the outflow of our
means of purchase ? But, on the other side, sup-
pose we were at war with any other country, rela-
tivcly small as our large army is, what advantage
could be greater to us than the power of destroying
the commerce of our rival. As the greatest of naval
Powers, to sweep the commerce of a rival from the
ocean, and to close his ports, is one most efficient
means of compelling him to come to terms. These
are the two great advantages, implying correspond-
ing evils, of the old system and the proposed new
one.

The advantages of the new system
thatarethey
. s°
- ~
ey
are not
that it is only requisite to show
not
neutralised by those of the old ore. One grand
consideration mucit not, however, be Ireo overt°o a
; the
advantages of abohshing commercial blockades re-
late to cases which must happen with many times
greater frequency than those of retaining them.
They are advantages to be enjoyed in the case of
every war conducted by any naval stet© against
another, when we should of course be neutrals, as
'well as when we were ourselves at war. The ad-
Vantages claimed for us 1)y the old system would
only be felt when we ourselves were at war. We
are surely not so pugnacious, but that we may hope
that we shall be neutrals molly times where we
at_ koula be once belligerents. It certainly ought to
be so. As we now see, also, one of these blockades
du •
ring which we
are perfectly neutral may bring
uPou us more •
misery than perhaps we ever inflicted,

or ever shall inflict, by blockade., on any nation
Blockades, ordinarily, could exclude other nations
from luxuries only—they exclude us from our life
itself, as " that by which we live."
The serious question then ariscs, and on the
answer to it everything hangs, are " commercial
blockades" necessary to our security ? If they are,
all discussion is at an end. We must be safe. The
argument is, that if we are so unfortunate as to go
to war with a great Power, we cannot invade it
with a large army—we could only distress it by
destroying its commerce. It should be observed,
first, that this argument relates only to offensive
war, which is by far the less serious question. We
should, under the new system, be even better pre-
pared to blockade all the ports and arsenals whence
an invading army could sail, since we should need
no ships away to protect our commerce. Are we
willing, then, to retain blockades like the present
one, not to defend ourselves, but to attack others ?
Secondly, the blockade, except of America, must
now be at best imperfect. Railroads have so far
alter©d the relations of Europe that in almost any
war some neutral Power would enable a continental
enemy to reach the sea. He would suffer, but not
as he would have suffered before the construction of

railroads. Thirdly, as we are by far the greatest
commercial nation, our own blockade would hurt
ourselves as much at least as the nation assailed,

probably more. When these considerations are

added to the one exemplified by Lancashire, suffer-
ing during our present neutrality, they surely de-
tract very largely from the value of commercial
blockades as' a means of safety from invasion. In-
deed it would almost seem as if they, in connection
with the always associated right of seizing pro-
perty of belligerents at sea, facilitated invasion;
we mean, from the circumstance above mentioned,
that the present system abstracts so many of our
ships from their proper task of shutting up the
enemy's men•of-war and transports in his own war
ports.
•

We think but little of some secondary arguments.
It is said that if neutrals are distressed by the war
they will compel the belligerent nations to peace.
This seems at best far-fetched and problematical,
while the evils of the old policy, as English and
French workmen too well know, are but too certain

and at hand. France, England, and Russia do not
in any case think of compulsion; and two out of
the three are unwilling even to offer mediation.

Again we are told that the new system will equa-
lise the power of small States without a navy with

that of large States with one. Are then the states-
man who are always talking of the " balance of
power," afraid of the reality when it appears in
sight? But the argument is not founded in fact.
We, for instance, could do what FARRAGUT did at
New Orleans—we could enable a small body of
troops, protected by the fire of our gunboats and
ships, to bold a large city. At present the chief
questions before the public seem to be, are the value
of a powerful means of aggression—not of defence—
and the power to distress an enemy's commerce
more or less worth the suffering which commercial
blockades bring upon us either as neutrals or as
belligerents ?

Although every now and then some wretched
assassin and poisoner is undoubtedly hung for
murder at Newgate and elsewhere, it would cer-
tainly appear that through some singular flaw in our
criminal code the majority (and those among the
guiltiest) of these wretched creatures contrive to
escape all adequate punishment. CATHERINE
WILSON, for example, has expiated her frightful
series of cold - blooded crimes -rery recently
upon the gallows. Others, from time to time,
have gone the same awful way to their doom.
But, in spite of such instances of the law
still, occasionally, dealing rigorously with the
convicted murderer or murderess, the present age is
essentially one in NI hich men and women, clearly
proved to have been guilty of slaying their fellow-
creatures under circumstances of peculiar atrocity,
have every imaginable and unimaginable chance
of passing scathless not only through their public
trial and deliberate conviction, but from under the
solemn sentence of death formally pronounced upon
them by the learned judge who may have presided
over the proceedings. Dr. SMETHURST, found
guilty and sentenced to death for the poisoning of
Miss BANKES at Richmond, is not only released from
prison after a brief interval, and placed thenceforth
at complete liberty, but is enabled eventual ly to claim
the property left behind her by the unfortunate
lady whom the law has emphatically declared to be
his victim. Several years back there was that so-
called Irish Gentleman—who was tried for murder-
ing his wife one fatal day (for her at any rate) on
the sea-beat promontory, or stretch of land called
Ireland's Eye—who was found guilty and sentenced
to death as formally and deliberately as ever was
Dr. SMETIFURST, and who nevertheless was after-
wards (with not one iota of better reason) snatched
from the fate to which he had been thus formally
condemned.

In the recent instance of SAMUEL GARDNER,
the sweep, there was, it must be allowed,
every conceivable reason for the commutation of the
sentence—a commutation of the sentence eventually
decided upon in an hour of more than his customary
sagacity bj the right hon, the Home Secretary.
The jury, it will be remembered, had strongly re-
commended the unfortunate man to mercy when
delivering in (after much hesitation) their verdict
of guilty—a verdict that they would hardly, by
any circumstances, have delivered in at all without
much hesitation.

In the case of JESSIE XPLACHL AN the
circumstances are in every way different. And
here, in the instance of this execrable murder at
Sandyford-place, Glasgow, Sir GEORGE GREY has,
from first to last, blundered—flagrantly, notoriously,
egregiously ! Never, perhaps, was there a more
brutal murder—a more treacherous murder—a
murder more clearly brought home to the ac-
cused by every imaginable circumstance ! By her
own perjuries and contradictions. By her posses-
sion, after the crime, of the goods stolen from the
deceased herself, and from the keeping of the
deceased ; goods belonging to herself and her
master. By the clothes of the accused herself
being found hid away in a secluded field, saturated
with blood and torn to pieces. By the accused
pawning the stolen property directly after the
murder, and doing this in an assumed name.
By the accused totally failing in what
was shown afterwards to have been

her
nilyinggt
of h attempt
t e prove an an
these alibi n
tP
murder!
par-
ticulars and by a mass of other corroborative evi-
dence,
all clearly fixing the guilt upon the prisoner
at the bar—JEssiE NPLAcHLAN was pronounced
guilty by a jury of her countrymen (without the
faintest hint of any recommendation to mercy com-
ing from the lips of the Foreman of the Jury when
death by the jud
he handed in the verdict), and was sentenced to
ge who tried her in language of
the strongest condemnation, perhaps, ever heard
from the bench upon a similar occasion! Yet this
is the wretched woman Who has been snatched from
the gallows •by the !Lame Secretary_because, in
addition to the aetreonctgouaislt—myuradnerd of which
which (havingwhich she was
proved to have
been
solemnly condemned to
been so proved) she was