The Sun.
London, England, 1865-09-09 00:00:00

Railway Traffic Returns for the Week.

Miles Opened. Receipts.

Railways.

1865 1864
£ L
Belfast and N, Counties 931 90! 2,360 1.818
pelfast and Comity Down 49 49 744 605
Blyth and Tyne 23 28 2,638 2,189
Bristol and Exeter l2ll 1215 7,912 7,654
Caledonian, Scottish Central 4OB 408 27.682 26,771
Cambrian
Cock ermouth K & Penrlth .. 314 - 448 -
Cockermouth and Workin .. 9 9 373 331
Cork and Bandon 2O 20 455 358
COrk, Blackrock, &Passage 65 65 277 107
Cork and Youghal
Cornwall 665 655 2,146 2.064
Deeside l7 17 511 519
Dublin & Belfast Junction 63 63 1,313 1.517
Dublin and Drogheda 75 75 2,221 1.713
Dublin and Meath
Dub. & Wicklow and Wexld lO6 911 5,035 4,137
Forth and Clyde Junction
Furness, &c 5O 5,) 3,686 3.355
Glasgow & South-Western
Gt. Eastern,Nrik~&E.Union
Great Northern 404 365 37,972 36,011
Great North of Scotland 99 99 8, 23 3.153
Gt. Northn. & Westn. (Irel.) 7lt 711 785 671
g-t.Southn. & Westn.(lrind.) 3871 11871 10,017 8 437
Great Western l2BO 1236 78,175 76,770
Hull & Hornsea
Highland
Irish North-Western 146 145 2,115 1,548
Lancashire & Yorkshire 403 403 44.988 43.387
Limerick and Ennis... l'7 187 214 21,
Limerick and Foynes 261 261 103 95
46i 749 735
Llanelly 461
Llynvi Valley
London & North-Western - 1222:243322 1127:125151
London and Blackwall 4
London & South-Western
27,938
Loud. Brighton, &S. Coast 272 2 26,264
14,563 12,620
London, & Dover; f 134
12 127 67 -1
111 5 28:907000 2_415
all Metropolitan Extension t
Do. Kent Coast
421 421 2,508 2 440
Lon., Tilbury, & Southend
Man.,SheffielcL&Lincolnsh
Manch. &Jan.& Altrincham
21 . 1,:98 1,449
(dN'ar..llwBleettern), 6721 611 55,012 52,147
28 1,691 1.6 4
Si 31 2,705 2,120
Metropolitanslllladan dr t(iand
n oi .
Midland Gt. Westn. of Irind 2604 ear,'
.1
-- 6.203 6,904
bfonmouthsh. Rail. & Canal ft 41 3,101 2,991
North British, Edin., Perth
and Dundee
N-Eastern and Stock. at Darl ll9ll
North London 9
North Staffordshire
Pembroke and Tenby
Rhyne y 194
Scottish North-Eastern
sSooumtehropeetvanond l3oorset ... :.... ..
South-Eastern ........... 308
Taff Vale ........ 61
Ulster .t .... . .............. 1054
Vale of Clwyd ..............
• ...
Waterford and Kilkenny 3l
Waterford and Limerick 77
W'haven,Cleator,& Egrmnt to
Whitehaven Junction l3
Whitehaven & Furness Jun 35
FOREIGN AND COLONIAL.
Austrian B2B
Bahia and San Francisco
Belgian Eastern Junction 261
Bombay, Baroda, & c en. India 306
Detroit and Milwaukie 181)
Dutch Rhenish lOBl
Eastern of France 1176
_ _ _

1865.

1864.

6564 27,968 27.038
11601 74,219 71,249
9 3,562 3,373
258 8,084 8.378
11{ 180 132
191 1,117 1.031
138 6,285 6,054
66 1,100 962
794 5.115 4,787
306 33,658 31.6 2
61 6,729 6,027
1051 2,896 2.444
10 2 5 255
81 398 449
77 1,4:6 1,358
10 736 712
13 1,036 :1.053
35 911 997

828 41,849 39,074
761 346 327
26i 320 M 6
185 i 5,535 2,954
189 7.341 5,664
1(.81 8,076 7,282
1428 87,183 75,006
110 2,214 1.588
1065 22,80: 20,918
1335 23 997 22,432
261 7,2 1 6,258
553 10,833 6,304
134 5,816 4.903

Eastern Bengal ..... llO
East Indian
Grand Trunk of Canada 1:177
Great Central of Belgium 285
Great Indian Peninsula 590
Great Luxembourg 134
Great Southern of tudia
Great Western of Canada 345
Madras 571
Madrid, Saragossa &Micant 689
Northern of Canaaa .. 94
Northern of France 728
Norwegian Trunk
Ottoman
Paris, Lyons. & Medlterrn 1967
Paris and Orleans 1616
Recife and San Francisco, &c. 774

79 680 505
3;5 13,326 11,35 f
498 7,111 5,70
650 17,2;9 17,566
94 1,3 ;5 1,733
724 67,751 61,71
41 1,325 1.185
481 44:3 395
116781: 14758,.240926 1475117862'3)
77.4 717 59'i
105 1,6:34 1,098
22 1.212 3F9
1527 81.164 54,512
770 33,2 c 0 33,050
196 9,383 8.128
25 1,494 414
959 ;,78,355 71,611

Sande ltg
Do. Punjab, (Sze 253
South Austrian, (te .. . 2'07
Southern of France E23
__.

Victoria — 251.
Welland 25
West & N-Wn. of France

A journal published at Alost (BelgiuM) Rays
that the cattle plague has made its appearance in the
neighbourhood of that town. Six oxen attacked with the
disease were immediately killed and buried, and twelve'
more, which had been grazing in an adjacent field, were
also killed by order of the goveriuneitt. Mansteattle have
also died within the last, few days at. Sattoilet, where,
great numbers of pigs have been carried of by this fatal
distemper.

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;VIEETING OF TFIE METROPOLItetp C •..
PLAGUE CO3IMITTET— .1
Yesterday afternoon a meeting of the Metropolitan Cattle
Plague Committee was held in the Council-chamber of the
Guildhall, at which Mr. Gibbins (Chairman of the Markets
Committee) presided, in the absence of the Lord Mayor.
Among others present were—Messrs. Haines, Han, Taylor,
Helps, Straker, Rudkin, Burkett, Hoppe, and other mem-
bers of the committee ; also Dr. Tripe, Mr. A. J. Lord, Dr.
Griffith; Professor Gamgee, Dr. Kiend, Dr. Hilliers, Dr.
Burges, Dr. Ansell, Dr. Iliff, Dr. Barclay, Dr. Ellison; Dr.
Puckle, Dr. Baker, Messrs. Games, Giblett, Guerrier,
Brewster, and others.
The minutes of We former meeting having been read and
confirmed,
The CHAIRMAN described the object for which they had
met, and the anxious desire of the committee that the medi-
cal gentlemen present, whom they had wished to be present,
would aid them in their deliberations. He had received
several letters of some importance to the committee, to two
of which ho begged to draw special attention—the first from
Mrs. Nicholls, of Laycock's Dairy, Islington, and the other
from Dr. Bourgu ign on, of which the following are abstracts—
Mrs. Nicholls, addressing the Lord Mayor, says—" Being
informed that you will graciously preside at a committee of
gentlemen who meet for the purpose of raising a fund to re-
imburse the metropolitan cowkeepers for their heavy losses,
I take the liberty of laying before you a case that has already
met with some public notice. Towards the latter end of
June the cattle plague first appeared in my sheds. The
little time that the virulent nature of the disease allowed
for medical treatment was unceasingly employed in admi-
nistering physic prescribed by Mr. Priestman. Your lord-
ship is, however, aware that no treatment has yet proved
efficacious in arresting the progress of this fearful malady,
and being ignorant at first to what cause to attribute such
fatal results, the greater part of my stock were suffered to
die or be slaughtered on the premises. In less than a fort-
night 85 cows were sacrificed, at a loss of £2,042 10s. 11d."
Dr. Bourguignon, also addressing the Lord Mayor, says :
" The works upon comparative pathology which I have
published, and the bonds of friendship which at prevent unite
England and Franco will not allow me to remain an indif-
ferent spectator of the epizootic malady which at present
extends its ravages over tiro: faces of Great Britain. It.' ii:'
nearly 0, month Side that, -,C.cing no-Important work upon
this disease among cattle had appeared, I determined to
take up my pen; and writing a pamphlet which I trust will
be of actual service in this matter. I had not intended
publishing anything before finishing my work, but the
unsatisfactory articles which appeared in the daily papers
induced me to break silence. This epizootic is not so little
known, or so incurable as people would appear to believe.
A century ago your countrymen described it with remark..
able talent, and what is more, proposed a mode of preser-
vation or prophylactic treatment, viz., inoculation so effi-
cacious that at the present time it is used with the most
complete success in some parts of Russia. To cure a disease
is without doubt a noble mission for men of science, but it
is to its prevention that all their efforts should tend ; and
as we possess the precious means for this end, it only re-
mains for us to apply it. We can no more cure typhus
in cattle than we can cure typhoid fever and smallpox in
man. When these diseases are developed we assist nature
in her curative process. As regards typhus in horned
cattle we do the same, and thus diminish the number of
victims; but the true remedy is inoculation, practised ac-
cording to a rational and scientific method, by transmitting
to animals inheal th the virus which is the result of a second
or of a third generation of this virus."

The CHAIRMAN said that one great object of this meeting
was to discuss the propriety of establishing sanatoriums
for the reception of diseased cattle ; a motion that was
spoken for and against by several gentlemen present.

Ultimately, however, a series of resolutions were adopted,
of which the following is an epitome
1. That one or more sheds or sanatoriums be provided,
in such places as may be approved of by the medical officer
of health for the district, for the reception of animals
affected with the cattle plague; and that no animals be
received into such sheds except under a certificate from
the inspector of the district.

2. That a committee be formed for the regulation and
management of the sanatoriums.

3. That a compensation committee be appointed, for the
purpose of investigating the reports of the inspectors, and
settling the amount to be paid to the owtirt*of cattle handed
over to the committee, and that such committee be autho-
rised to draw cheques for the payment of the amount to be
agreed upon.

4. That inspectors be appointed by the compensation
committee to visit the premises of such persons as may give
notice of tho outbreak of the disease, and that such inspec-
tors report to the committee forthwith the circumstances of
each case, and their opinion as to the value of each animal
affected.

5. That the committees be empowered to obtain the ex-
clusive use of so many carts as may be found necessary for
the conveyance of diseased animals to such places as may
be considered advisable.

6. That application be made to all the bankers, merchants,
brewers, salesmen, and others in the metropolitan district
for contributions towards the fund.

7. That circulars be sent to all the proprietors of horned
cattle in the metropolitan district, informing them of the
objects of the committee, and inviting their co-operation.
8. That a record of the reports of the inspectors, and of
all particulars and statistic forwarded to the committee,
be kept by the secretary.
The meeting then adjourned.
It is understood that the future gatherings u.
mittee will be held at the Mansion-house:

the coni-

STATE OF TRADEL

ANCHESTER, Sept. B.—ln shipping yarns the
amount of business to-day has again been consider-
able, and it is reported that some fair sales have been
made for China, a market which has not taken any
for some weeks past. Full prices have been paid for
any business done to-day, in consequence of the
scarcity of yarns and the deep engagements under
which spinners already find themselves. A telegram
received in the morning and posted on the Exchange,
purporting to be from the Times' correspondent at
New Orleans, stated that the quantity of cotton on
hand there was 2,700,000 bales, and that 740,000
bales perweek were coming to hand, had a bad effect
on the market for a time ; but it was afterwar4
discovered that the Telegraph Company had given
the figures incorrectly, and that the stock on hand
was only 270 bales, and the receipts 40,000 per
week. But for this mistake it is believed the busi-
ness e in
g yarns would have been larger to..
daythan
s preferred
oi
any previous day for months past, but
by
waiting in some cases for fart
ur shipping in
further
advices from America after seeing this statement.
In home trade yarns the market has been strong, but
usThinesesfuollffeprrinicge.s oflnthcaltothdaythaerreedheasmanbcelened
there has not been quite so much business as on
for Tuesday.
the l
a good steady demand since Tuesday, and a fair
business has been done at well-maintained prices,
and in many cases at an advance. To-day our
market is very steady, and the inquiry is pretty
brisk, but the requirements of buyer' having been
to a great extent already supplied, the amount of
business has been rather smaller than on the preced-
ing days of the week. Prices are very firm, butthere
are no symptoms of a further advance. There have
been some inquiries for cloth suited to China, and
the Greeks have also been operating pretty freely.
India goods are not so much in rivirteqt.
BRADFORD, 7th.—A good deal of wool has been
sold e
se
eekn and at rather improved
ad deep-grown wools are
prn
ep amasat week,
to the comparative neglect
rates
til di
pmy g
in the
Bright-haired
d
of the higher sorts. Hogs are particularly in re-
quest, and wethers are somewhat more in demand
than they were. The tendency of prices is still up-
wards. In some classes of wool there has been an
advance of id. per lb. during the past week. Lin-
coln hogs will command fully 2s. 3d. to 2s. 6d. per
lb, and wethers about 2s. lid. The accounts from
Bristol fair are indicative of a similar state of things
there. A brisk business was reported both yester-
day and to-day, and at prices better than had been
expected. The demand for yarns for home use is
very active. Manufacturers are at present requir-
ing
There is also a,
export. Spinners
sese.ekThhiegrheeirs
a considerable quantity of yarn to cover the
large orders recently received.
respon
odwae vwe ri 1,
ji
nogf higher rates being
rates,
tt
et
se
,r
bdupetmr
prospect,
endeot ft, ofiri
in demand. The piece branch con-
cyhieiekfileyd. 28's and 30's single and two-fold
3sap6e,gseodaoirldey
tinues exceedingly brisk. The American merchants
with large orders engage all the avenues to supply,
to the exclusion almost of the home and foreign,
whose offers are comparatively small. Prices are
hardening.
NormouAm, -Bth.—The demand for lace yarns
was firm, and coarse numbers were ld., and medium
ditto 3d. per lb. dearer than on Tuesday. For
hosiery yarns prices tended upwards. Silks of all
kinds very dear. Coarse qualities of brown nets
were a better sale, and prices were rather higher ;
medium and fine sorts command extreme prices.

Baron de Beust has shortened his stay at Gastein.
He arrived on Monday evening at Munich, where
hA is to have a fresh interview with Baron von der
Pfordten. U. de Nostitz, representative for Sony
at the Diet o Frankfort, has also arrived at the
Bavarian capital, and will take part in those nego-
tiations.

LOLVDON, SATURDAY, SEPT. 9, 1865.

The virulence and extent of the cattle plague
still continue to defy the preventive and remedial
measures adopted ; though, great as the evil un-
doubteclly is, it would probably be far greater had
not active steps been taken. The Government, con-
vinced of the urgency of the case, is issuing order
after order, and meetings are being held in every
part of the country, either to report the cases already
occurring or to discuss the best means of avoiding
infection. The loss of so many cattle would, under
any circumstances, be a great national misfortune,
but just now, with cholera threatening our shores,
it is especially lamentable, since the poorer classes,
who are the very ones most liable to epidemic
attacks, must necessarily be the principal sufferers
from the exorbitant price of meat. With meat,
milk, butter, and cheese growing scarce and dear, it
is rather hopeless to tell the working classes that a
liberal supply of good wholesome food is a powerful
preventive of cholera. The disease, as matters at
present stand, has raged chiefly among the milch
cows, and has fairly decimated our dairies, reducing
many large cowkeepers and dairy-owners to abso-
lute poverty. When we hear of 30, 40, and even
CO and 70, cows swept away from one dairy in the
course of two or three weeks, we may well feel that
the disease has assumed a startling aspect, one
demanding every exertion LL
to meet It, every effort
that science, skill, or caution can make, to check
its fearful progress. It is at all events a matter of
congratulation that it has not yet manifested itself
in the sister kingdom, whose prosperity mainly
depends on agricultural sources, and which will
consequently be able to supply us with valuable
stores. The latest order in Council prohibits the
exportation of any of the hides, horns, hoofs, or any
part of the animals from this country to Ireland.
The transport of live cattle was forbidden some
little time since, but this order takes the additional
precaution of preventing the export of any part of
the animal. This caution will gratify the Irish, who
naturally viewed with great apprehension the pos-
sibility of the disease. It is not certain by what
means the disease can be communicated, whether by
contact with the affected animals or by inhaling
their breath, or by means of articles which they
have touched. It is a question upon which doctors
disagree, as they do respecting the origin of the
disease, and the best method of treatment. The only
thing of which we can be absolutely certain is, that
it is infectious, and that, therefore, no precaution
can be excessive, no care superfluous to prevent its
introduction into a yet uninfected district. The
transit of diseased cattle along the roads, the use
of railway trucks or cattle pens where diseased
animals have been placed, may spread the evil
through a healthy and prosperous neighbourhood,
bringing ruin and desolation in its track. Let us
be thankful that the destroyer has paused on this
side of St. George's Channel, and let us not be-
grudge any inconvenience or trouble which may
curtail its operations.

It is worth notice that the disease has broken out
Rolland, where it is raging in many placed,

Active measures for disinfection are being taken
there, and all fairs and cattle markets axe sus-
pended until further orders. It would certainly be
wise for those cattle-owners in England who have
been fortunate enough to escape the malady to
avoid making any purchases at the large markets
at present, and to introduce no new stock into their
fields and sheds. The question of insurance and
compensation is being eagerly discussed at most of
the metropolitan and provincial meetings. The
metropolis itself and its vicinity have been the scene
of terrible devastation. At the meeting of the
Metropolitan Plague Committee yesterday, at
Guildhall, a letter was read from a dairy keeper,
at Islington, in which she stated that towards the
end of June the disease made its appearance in her
sheds. Every means had been tried to arrest its
progress, and Professor SYMONDS had given his
assistance and advice. Nevertheless, such was the
virulence and fatality of the disease that in less than
a fortnight 85 cows had been sacrificed. This is
certainly an extreme case, but in smaller establish-
ments the proportion has been equally great. All
over the country, in the parts where the disease
has shown itself, similar instances have
been reported. At the Chelmsford meeting a
gentleman was mentioned who had 30 cows, and
made a business of supplying milk to London. He
lost every one of these cows by the cattle disease,
and his business was lost with them. To relieve
such a case as this, which every man feels may be
his own, it is proposed by the farmers and gentle-
men of the provinces to establish insurance asso-
ciations. It was doubted at the Chelmsford meet-
ing whether the association should be a county one
or be composed of small district societies. The
larger s,-theme was decided upon after some discus-
sion, in which powerful arguments were adduced
for it. One gentleman observed, as an objection
to the district association plan, that in some places
the value of stock was so great, that the
event of the disease breaking out a united
society could not meet its own engagements. The
value of the cattle in his own immediate neighbour-
hood was over £2,000. If the disease broke out in
a district like that, it would, as he justly observed,
swamp a small insurance association. Another ad-
vantage of the county insurance plan would be that
the nobility and large landowners could subscribe
liberally for the general good, and indeed subscrip-
tions would probably be forthcoming from many
other quarters.

At the metropolitan meeting various plans for the
mitigation of the evil were suggested, and the diffi-
culties of the question were fully and fairly discussed.
Letters were read from eminent foreigners respect-
ing the nature and origin of the disease and
various modes of treatment suggested. The
adoption of sanitoriums, to which all animals
affected can be at once removed, was decided upon,
and it seems to be a very prudent measure, since it
may enable a cowkeeper at once to remove the dis-
ease from his premises without sacrificing his animals
unnecessarily. The best mode of cure can also be
more easily decided upon when the animals are
treated in the aggregate. A committee was also
formed for the purpose of investigating the reports
of the inspectors and settling the amounts to be
paid to the owners of cattle handed over to the com-
mittee. By this means the temptation to conceal the
disease in its earliest stages will be removed, which
will be a great point gained. Altogether we may hope
from the energy and good sense brought to bear
upon the question that a change for the better may
be looked for, and that, unless from some excep-
tional or uncontrollable cause, the worst is over, since
we are prepared for the danger, and have arranged
our means of defence. At all events, we have learned
a lesson of humanity by this infliction, and it is to
be hoped that the conveyance of live stock, whether
by rail or by vessel, will henceforth be conducted
in a manner less disgraceful to our humanity and
our civilisation.

At the meeting of the British Association for
the Advancement of Science, Professor LEONE
LEVI read a paper on statistical dates, in relation
to the representation of the people. He presented
an interesting analysis of the state of the popu-
lation of England in regard to their capabilities
of voting. There are about five millions of males
of twenty-one years and upwards. Physical in-
capacities prevent a large number from being
ranked in the category, and want of culture also
excludes many. An immense number must be
eliminated from the electoral body, for the crimi-
nals and paupers bear a large proportion to the
rest of the population. The men in the army,
the civil servants, and the male domestic servants,
are to be considered also as out of the pale.
The most liberal electoral law cannot, therefore,
include more than three millions. Professor LEVI
went on to touch upon the vexed question as to
how many should possess the privilege of the
franchise, and he very fairly stated the many
complications that attend the subject, and stated
that it would be extremely difficult to adjust the
votes on any precisely equitable basis to meet
the rights of the entire community. The conclud-
ing remarks of this paper were very appropriate,
I and are well worthy of attentive consideration by
those who devote much time and thought to the
mechanism of measures of Reform, and propound
schemes to the community of more or less merit
and feasibility. It is here stated that, as a gene-
ral rule, the privilege of voting should be given to
those men who rise to the surface of society,
instead of granting it promiscuously to those whose
carelessness and intemperance keep them in the
lower state of social life. Thus the right to vote
might be considered as a stimulus to intelligence
and economy ; and the State, if it could not under-
take to elevate and educate the masses, should " at
least show that for the exercise of the higher func-
tions of a free man in a free country the citizen
must prepare himself by a life unstained in charac-
ter, high in moral principle, and well trained and
enlightened in the great school of constitutional and
political government." Sir WILLIAM ARMSTRONG
presided at the department for Mechanical Science,
and delivered an impressive address in an appropri-
ate manner. lie declared that Birmingham was a
fitting spot for the annual meeting of the Mechani-
cal Section of the British Association ; and this is
certainly
true when we come to think of it, for that
town more than any other in the kingdom presents
proofs of mechanical
and manufactming progress,
so that the members of the Association may enjoy
the advantages of examining these trophies of
scientific discovery and evidences of mechanical
genius, and then of meeting to discuss the princi-
ples on which they are conducted, and descant on
the theories so ably put into practice. Such
a 'combination of study and exploration must
naturally conduce to the extension and im-
provement of the general knowledge of the
community, for those who thus benefit themselves
will be able to impart the advantages of their expe-
rience to others, and disseminate the stores of use-
ful and interesting information which this association
and other societies afford the means of acquiring.
The President reminded his hearers that they were
on ground rendered classic by the labours of
WATTS." He adverted to the advantages that will
be gained by the recent discovery of hewing coal
by machinery," and truly added, ti at "whatever I

tends to lessen human labour in the dark and dan-
gerous recesses of a coal mine must be a great bene-
fit to the community." No doubt the adoption of
this plan will at first be regarded with prejudice in
some quarters on account of its throwing many per-
sons out of employment, but this objection must
not be regarded by the political economist as a
valid one, because eventual benefit is of higher
moment than mere temporary inconvenience, and,
besides, it is shown by experience that the establish-
ment of machinery instead of human labour does
not in the end
_cause any diminution of employ-
ment. Mr. BESSEMER read a very instructive paper
on the " Manufacture of cast-steel, its pureness,
and employment as a substitute for wrought-iron."
The interest excited by the perusal of this paper
was very great, and an animated discussion after-
wards followed upon it. It is, indeed, one of
those topics which form the chief subject of
interest among scientific men at the present day,
and the comprehensive manner in which it was here
treated rendered it a privilege for those who heard
it. It is interesting to notice the changes that have
taken place in the production of steel. In 1851 the
jury of the International Exhibition reported that
a " monster ingot" of steel was exhibited, weighing
24 cwt., supposed to be the largest of the kind ever
shown in England. Since then, however, striking
improvements have been made, for the largest
BESSEMER apparatus in Sheffield is " capable of
producing with ease, every four hours, a mass of
cast steel weighing 24 tons, being 20 times larger
than the " monster ingot " of 1851. For the
future, also, we may expect still greater wonders
to be achieved, for when the Bauer Steel Company
have completed their new converting-house the
works will be capable of producing weekly from
two thousand to two thousand four hundred tons of
cast steel. There are now in England either erected
or in course of erection as many as sixty " convert-
ing vessels," and these are capable of producing,
when in regular operation, six thousand tons of
steel weekly, or " fifteen times the entire produc-
tion of cast steel in Great Britain before the intro-
duction of the BESSEMER process." Such facts speak
for themselves, and are incontrovertible proofs
of the advantages gained to the community by
perseverance in the right direction. There
is also to be noticed the desideratum effected in a
pecuniary point of view, as a saving is made of no
less than £6,240,000 per annum, even in this infant
stage of the Bessemer Steel Manufacture. Many
will concur with Sir W. ARMSTRONG in his felici-
tations to Mr. BESSEMER upon the great success
which had attended his " long-continued and per-
severing labours," and the interesting and instruc-
tive subjects he had given for reflection and dis-
cussion. It is, indeed, always a satisfaction when
those who devote time and thought to an under-
taking of this sort are in any degree fortunate
enough to realise their expectations ; for such
success is their own desert, and it serves to
encourage others in the same road of arduous
endeavours to benefit their generation.