The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-22 00:00:00

eyes. The biddings of Toryism will be desperate.
Every recruit, which sacrificing the nation's money
and the nation's Protestantism, and the nation's
sympathy with Italy and the Romans can obtain,
will be unscrupulously bought. Toryism means
to fight a thorough out and out battle. So much
the better. We have been asleep long enough.
Let us have a North and South at St. Stephen's,
and not to have look across the Atlantio to gratify

our natural pugnacity.
The least we could expect is that America would
be dragged in to display the miseries of Repub-
lican Government—there is nothing, of course, to
cast a shade on its opposite in Poland, Hungary,
Venetia, the States of the Church, Berlin, and
Paris. But we beg to remind W. B. and Essex
Conservatives that it is their own party
who are the cause of all its troubles. "The Southern
chivalry"—the "Aristocratic South"—the States,
which under the Republican forms are as completely
governed by an oligarchy of slaveholders—the
Feudal party, the lords of 4,000,000 black serfs—
these are the men who have plunged the Republic into
war. On them reste the guilt of attempting to sever a
great nation ; and though Englishmen, generally,
think the separation an advantage to other nations,
the Free States would certainly have disgraced
their English origin if they had not resisted the
breaking up of their empire. W. B. informs us
that he now sympathises altogether with the South,
and wishes them success. He admires their gal-
lantry, and hopes they will establish themselves as
a separate nation. He could not go so far as Mr.
GLADSTONE, and say they had done it, but he hoped
they now would by their valour and determination.

We must say we think so too,,but it is with a re-
servation which does not seem necessary for Essex
Toryism. We should be ashamed of ourselves as
Englishmen, were one word of ours capable of being
fairly construed into sympathy with slaveholders,
or even into overlooking the accursed crime which
they avowedly make the corner stone of their con-

federacy. Let Davis and his colleagues employ
what euphemisms they please, they are fighting for
slavery and for nothing else. They are fighting to
perpetuate slavery where it exists ; they are fight-
ing to extend slavery over the yet free part of the
southern half of North America. The indepen-
dence they ask is, independence of all moral
and Christian obligations. They want to be
free to oppress, and free to extend oppression.
On this point there is no mistake. They openly
say of slavery, likening it to our LORD himself,
"That the stone which the builders rejected, the
same is become the head of the corner." They
openly avow an eternal difference between the
black and white races—one which consigns the
latter to eternal slavery.
Surely all English speakers of mark should be
express and explicit on one point. They should
publish to the North and to the South that there
could be no recognition of the South as a slave
power. It would be a lasting infamy to England
if she could admit to a place among the family of
nations one which is built on slavery, which is eager
to curse with it the free soil of the States and the
republics of Central America, and which carries on
the infamous internal slave trade between the bor-
der and the planting States. We would not recog-
nise such a nation as this till Doomsday. The war,
however, is not yet concluded. We hope it will
never be till either the North emancipates the slaves
by its arms, or the South has the wisdom to
forestall the North, and emancipate her slaves her-

self. To our humble judgment at present nothing
could be a happier solution of the present struggle
than a universal voluntary emancipation, and then
each of the States voting freely as to which of the
two federations they would join.

Our attention has been invited to a scandalous
case of Papal persecution which we ought to have
noticed sooner. Cardinal WISEMAN and Father
BRUNDRITT speak of their head-breaking lambs as
having to suffer deep wrong, wrong which half ex-
cuses head-breaking, if in open parks, and in
church schoolrooms, sympathy is expressed with
GARIBALDI and indignation that France should
violate international law for thirteen years together
to deprive Catholics at Rome of the right of self-
government, and to uphold the most odious, petty
despotism in Europe. What now do these postles
of meekness and forbearance think of the Spanish
case which the present Sir ROBERT PEEL first in-
troduced to our notice. He and the ladies travel-
ling with him in Spain saw the victims, and we
hare his testimony and that of the ladies, that more
simple-minded Christian men they had never met
with. These two men—MATAMORAS and ALUAMA
—are now sentenced to nine years and to eigh i; years'
imprisonment respectively, and their offence, as
stated by the Court itself, is, that they endeavoured,
by reading the Bible to their fellow-countrymen, to
teach its truths to the best of their ability. For
this they are sentenced for nine years to the galleys.
They are to be taken to a convict settlement in
Africa, and there worked at degrading labour in
striped clothes as felons—for the FELONY of TEACH-
ING} THE BIBLE.
They had been condemned by an inferior court.
' It was hoped that an appeal to the superior court at
Grenada might reverse this scandalous judgment.
The QUEEN also was visiting Grenaila, and it was
thought that she would either stay proceedings or
pardon the men if the court condemned them.
Every effort was made. Our Ambassador even in-
terceded, but all was in vain. The Queen of SPAIN,
who, whatever virtuous British ladies think of her,
is the favourite and the abettor of Romish priests,
and whose conscience is at the mercy of an interested
confessor, refused to interfere. Her laws, or rather
the laws of popery, pronounce the Bible reader
a felon, and her heart, steeled by Spanish
popery, mercilessly sends her peaceful sub-
jects to the galleys. The only excuse
is, that it is against the law in Spain for any
man but a Papist to profess his religion. Just so;
and that is the measure of what Popery is, where
it can do as it likes. The gravamen of the charge
is that Papists in the nineteenth century enact such
laws and administer them if they exist. When it
became known that laws almost as bad existed in
Sweden against all dissenters from the State
Church, Roman Catholics included, and that some
of the latter suffered in consequence, Protestants
everywhere blushed for it; they remonstrated with
the Swedish Government, and succeeded with the
King at least, and with the classes who had any
education. Yet those Swedish laws were the re-
vulsion from the Popish atrocities which their great
hero had witnessed in Germany during the thirty
years' war. Magdeburg lay at the base of them.
In Spain, priests, judges, and the QUEEN herself
exult in the law which makes MATAMORAS a felon.

We observe, it is proposed respectfully to
memorialise the Queen of SPAIN from this coun-
try. Cardinal WISEMAN is a Spaniard. Will he
and the Roman Catholic priests of England sign
the memorial—or, which were better, will he origi-
nreamteema
remember
rie liberties
memorial himself,
enjoyed by past
beseechingtphieQsUEEN to
here at
the hands of a nation which believes in, hears, and
reads the Bible ? Will he tell her that he had to
preach forbearance to Irishmen here, who desired
to do by Lynch law to Protestants here, what she
does by Papal law to Bible readers in Spain ? Can

he not inform her that he and his are as free as the
day to make all the converts they can, to profess

their religion, and to spread their religion ; and
that he thinks it but just, if only from gratitude,
that Spanish Papists should be as generous as
English Protestants ? Unless he resents the felon's
penalty of INIATAMORAS al a scandal to his sect, and
takes his part in seeking a reversal of the sentence,
this country can but believe that his late pastoral is
—what its peculiar language makes it appear to
Englishmen—a mere piece of canting hypocrisy,
and that at heart he likes to Lynch Protestants in
London, as well as to consign them to galleys in
Spain.

From the able and comprehensive Report of the
Metropolitan Board of Works, just published by
authority,* we are enabled to recognise almost at a
glance the progress, already made in carrying out,
among other important works, at the head of them
all—the Main Drainage of the Metropolis. Recol-
lecting that the Main Drainage Act only received the
Royal assent on the 2d of August, 1858, the first
contract being let on the 17th of the December fol-
lowing—and bearing in mind the magnitude and
obvious difficulties of the improvement thereby pro-
jected, it must, without any hesitation or reserva-
tion, be admitted that much, very much indeed, has,
within the last three or four years, been accom-
plished with a view to the completion of this
gigantic and, we cannot but also designate it,
this eminently humane enterprize. As to
its dimensions the enterprize (it will be
sufficient to remark) involves the task of effectually
accomplishing the drainage of an area of over 100
square miles ! The Report gives the precise ex-
tent of the area as 117 square miles! It describes
this great public work also as involving the clear-
ing away perpetually by these new arrangements
(when they have come to be perfected) of the
sewage and refuse waters of a prospective popula-
tion of 31 millions of persons ! When finished, ac-
cording to the plans laid down, and now rapidly
being carried out, it is estimated the main inter-
cepting works will have cost exactly £3,000,000—
nearly a million for each million of the inhabitants of
the metropolis. As is already known the projected
works are to consist of High Level and Low Level
Sewers, on the right and left of the northern and
southern sides of the Thames. The total length of
these sewers will be not less than 821 miles. Turning
our attention for a while to the more important
of the two great divisions, and glancing at the
records given in the newly published Report of the
Board entrusted with the management of the un-
dertaking we are enabled to perceive very readily
the speed, and skill (and economy even) with
which the Works have already advanced
towards the completion of the Northern Drain-
age. The High Level Sewer, for example, running
to the length of 8 miles from the foot of Hampstead
hills, at Gospel Oak-fields, to the river Lea at Old
Ford, has already been completed at an outlay of
£152,430, and is now in actual operation ! Again,
the Middle Level Sewer, extending along a dis-
tance of 121 miles from the neighbour-
hood of Kensal-green, at the Counter's Creek
Sewer, and intended to reach Old Ford, via
the Uxbridge-road, Bayswater-road, Oxford-street,
Bloomsbury, and Bethnal-green—though still far
from completion, has already been so far carried in
that direction that there had been expended upon
that portion of the works, up to the end of June,
£145,000. The Acton Branch of the Western
Sewers, again, to the length of 7,350 feet, and
at a cost of £9,820, has been finished.
Besides which the Ranelagh Overflow Sewer
to the length of 5,700 feet, and at a total
cost of £29,000, has been finished—diverting the
filth that hitherto defiled it from henceforth pollut-
ing the Serpentine. Enough has, however, been
here remarked already to elucidate plainly enough
the extent of the advance even now made in carry-
ing out this grand work of the main drainage of the
metropolis.

* Report of the Metropolitan Board of Works. Pursu-
ant to 18th and 19th Vict., c. 120, s. 200. Presented to
the Board, 15th August 1862. (No. 88.) Folio; pp. 36.
Benjamin Pardon : London, 1862.

HER MAJESTY'S VISIT TO BRUSSELS. BRUS-
SELS, Oct. 21.—Her Majesty Queen Victoria is still detained
at Laeken by the boisterous state of the weather. Her Ma-
jesty will leave for England as soon as possible.

The Duke and Duehess of Roxburghe and Lady
Charlotte Innes Ker have left the Clarendon Hotel for
Floors Castle, Kelso.

Earl Granville arrived in town on Monday even-
ing from the Continent.

The Earl of Glasgow, Lord Huntingfield, Lord
Methuen, and Captain and Mrs. Steuart have left the St.
George's Hotel.
'The Earl and Countess of Scarborough and Sir
Charles Temple, Bart., have arrived et the St. George's
Hotel.

THE COTTON FAMINE. Yesterday the Lord
Mayor received the munificent contribution of £lO,OOO to-
wards the relief fund, which had been subscribed at a public
meeting of the inhabitants of Bombay, presided over by the
governor.

The new tax bill before the Confederate Congress
calls for one-fifth of all agricultural produce, incomes, and
prOfits on business.
DEATH OF LORD SHERBORNE.—We regret to
have to announce the death of the Right Hon. Lord Sher-
borne, which occurred at- Sherborno, Gloucestershire, on
Sunday last, in the 84th year of his age.
In Vermont State there were 55,000 horses
before the war. There are now 45,000.

The prizes taken by the Federal fleet since the
war are valued at 20,303,668 dollars. Two-thirds of the

prizes carried the neutral British ensign at the peak.
THE LAST OF THE INDIA HOUSE.—In a few
days there will not be standing a single stone of the East
India House. Indeed, at the present moment nothing but
the façade remains to mark the site cf the official residence
of " John Company," from which he used, in days gone by,
issue his edicts for the Government of what is now her
Majesty's Indian Empire. Already scaffold poles surround
the fagade itself, and workmen are busy in preparing for the
safe removal of the columns.

THE STOCK OF COTTON.—The anticipations ex-
pressed a fortnight since as to the probable movement in
the stock of cotton at Liverpool have been filly justified by
the result. The stock is now much larger than at the corn-
mencement of the current half-year, notwithstanding that
in the autumn the quantity held has usually declined. This,
of course, is attributable, to a very great extent, to the re-
duced consumption; nevertheless, the very cheering fact is
obvious that the receipts from India and other miscellanous
sources of supply have more than kept pace with the cur-
rent demand during the last three or four months :--
1862; 1861. 1860.
Stock Bales. Bales. Bales.

July 4 .. 184,940 .. 1,108,300 .. 1,298,490
„ 11 .. 156,980 1,101,730 .. 1,227,990
, 18 .. 155,490 .. 1,053,710 .. 1,287,520
25 .. 171,430 .. 1,001,090 .. 1,283,230
Aug. 1 .. 161.500 .. 1,019,100 1,241,370
~ 8 .. 158,750 .. 989,940 .. 1,203,740
„ 15 .. 125,310 .. 944,360 .. 1,157,590
„22 .. 82,420 .. 912,130 .. 1,128,210
„29 .. 62,980 .. 887,120 .. 1,093,200
Sept. 5 .. 58,150 .. 886,680 .. 1,022,370
„12 .. 92,330 .. 863,260 .. 941,810
„ 19 .. 90,630 .. 818,200 .. 955,270
84
19 26 .. ,510 .. 751,5i0 .. 903,200

Oct. 3 .. 212,590 .. 712,830 834,650
„ 10 .. 211,660 .. 677,210 .. 786,500
„17 .. 277,990 .. 633,540 .. 754,010
The stock will probably not increase much further, for,
even supposing that tolerably liberal importations continue
to take place, prices would recede from their present undue
level, and the consumption would immediately receive a
stimulus. The total receipts of cotton this year have now
nearly reached 1,000,000 bales, and they will probably
attain a total of 1,250,000 bales by the end of the year.
Next year the estimate is that 1,600,000 bales will be re-
ceived, even if the struggle in the American States is pro-
tracted for another twelvemonths. But 1,600,000 bales,
although better than nothing, will be a poor substitute for
the 3,000,000 or 3,500,000 bales which ought to come to
hand in each year.
Importing Tea without colour on the leaf pre-
vents the Chinese passing off inferior leaves as in the
usual kinds. Horniman's Tea is uncoloured, therefore,
aiWaYs good cdiko. Seld in packets by 2,280 Agents,