The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-15 00:00:00

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POLAND.
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

WARSAW, JAN. 8.
I told you in my last letter how truly Christian
and national has been the conduct of the Polish
clergy in guiding the people, protecting their reli-
gious rights, and defending the sanctuaries of wor-
ship from sacrilege and profanation at the hands of
the Russian soldiery. The churches closed by order
of the now imprisoned Abbe Bialobrewski have
been, and still are, a subject of negotiation with
the Holy See. The Czar, unable, even with the
citadel at his command, to conquer the unshaken
fidelity of the clergy to their ecclesiastical duty, has
attacked the spiritual head of the Roman Catholic
Church at Rome. The Russian Minister in that
city had presented an ultimatum to the Pope, that
unless his Holiness declared his disapprobation of
the proceedings of the Polish clergy, and orders the
churches to be re-opened, Russia would recog-
nise Victor Emmanuel as King of Italy. The Pope
after a deep and most anxious examination of the
Russian complaints, thought it his duty to return
to his Czarine Majesty a polite but a flat refusal.
Beaten on hi 3 hasty and unjustifiable demands, Mr.
Kiliolew, the Russian Minister, has again returned
to the charge, but meek and penitent. This time he
had represented to Cardinal Antonelli, by way of
solicitation, that it was not his Czarine Majesty's
wish to break off the diplomatic relations with the
Holy See, trusting that Pius IX. would see, in his
wisdom, the necessity of condemning the singing of
the national hymns in Poland, and ordering the
churches to be thrown open again. That, confiding
in the good dispositions of the Holy Father, he will
submit for his Holiness's approbation the appoint-
ment of the new Archbishop. The very laconic
answer returned to the Russian Minister was, that
the Pope saw nothing objectionable in the national
hymns against the creed and the rubric of the
Church, and he could not, therefore, condemn them.
Along with the movement by Russia against the
Pope, came an attack from that haughty and blas-
phemous brother-oppressor of Poland, the King of
Prussia. He also found it necessary to appeal to
Rome for assistance against the Polish clergy in the
Grand Duchy of Posen. His Minister, Mr. Kanitz,
in a diplomatic' note submitted to Cardinal Anto-
nelli, stated that his Majesty (as usual, in his
despotic and stupid way) would shoot the first
priest that dared countenance the singing of the
Polish revolutionary hymns. To this the Cardinal,
with a calmness becoming his dignity, replied that
the Polish clergy were never revolutionary, but na-
tional, and that he hoped the inborn
humanity and magnanimity of his Prussian Ma-
jesty would deter him from following the example
of the barbarities and cruelties practised in War-
saw by the Russian Government. How much both
Russia and Prussia are afraid of the spiritual power
of the Pope, may be easily imagined from the man-
ner, both threatening and conciliatory, they employ
to induce him to come to their terms. Protestants
as we are, and differing as we do on many grounds
with the Pope, we cannot refuse him, in his con-
duct towards the Poles, our tribute of unfeigned
admiration.

The Russian Emperor, while exercising, through
his satellites, an iron sceptre in Poland, finds the
people, as ever, calm and resigned. In return for
that his Russian subjects are not so pliable, and bid
fair to deprive him of peace for ever. The worst is
the breaking up of the discipline in the Russian
ranks, which has been illustrated not long ago in
town of Lublin. A Russian officer on duty ordered
his men to present arms, which command was re-
fused. General Chruszogu, a witness of this act
of insubordination, asked the cause of it, when he
was informed by the soldiers that they would never
submit to any command of the officer in question,
since he had robbed them of their pay and the money
due for their clothing. The officer was arrested,
and several soldiers, for appearance sake, have been
transferred to other regiments, without however
any other punishment having been inflicted upon
them.

How far the efforts of the Russian authorities to
stifle the national spirit have been unavailing will
be seen from an incident that occurred a short time
ago. In the town of liainienice I'odolski, it ap-
peare, the national hymn had not been sung lately
in the churches, for which abstinence the Emperor
ordered thanks to be given to the inhabitants in
his name. The next day the whole of the popula-
tion Went to the church and commenced the intona-
tion of the national hymn, which caused the town
to he declared in a state of siege.
You are aware of the discovery of the patriotic
publication, the Vigil etraznica, and the imprison-
!tient of the editor, Mr.Waoblewski. This was a
great miNfortune for the patriots ; but, undaunted
by any ill-success or calamity, they have started
another clandestine periodical, called Sternith (the
Pitote), which circulates freely, and exercises a
most salutary influence upon the minds of the
people. The lofty n ttion,l feeling, coupled with
the wisdom and moderation it displays, and the
patience it recommends under the present political
circumstances, have already earned for it a high
reputation in the country, and made it the house-
hold paper of every right-thinking Pole. I shall
endeavour to send you extracts from it.