The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-10 00:00:00

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THE SUN.
LONDON, FRIDAY, OCT. 10, 1862.

During several years past Sir EDWARD BULWER
LYTToIi has conspicuously represented his own
county in the House of Commons. As one of the
representatives of Hertfordshire the right hon.
baronet has sat alternately upon the Treasury Bench
and the Front Seat of the Opposition. Since first
returned as M.P. for Herts, it is true that not very
much more than a single decade has elapsed. A
considerable period no doubt in the life of any one
individual, but, in the history of nations, very little
more, so to speak, than one single stroke of the
pendulum. Yet, within that narrow compass,
within the time consumed by that solitary vibra-
tion, how much has there not occurred at home and
abroad, in Europe, Asia, Africa, America, and Aus-
tralia, alike in the old and in the new hemisphere,
to alter, to modify, to advance, and to
develope the destinies of the human race!
Reflexions—these--which are not unnaturally
suggested by that momentary glance of retrospect,
within the scope of which so many notable events
in the history of the world were embraced as in a
microcosm, when Sir EDWARD LYTTON, at the
commencement of his speech yesterday at Hertford,
recalled to the recollection of his hearers his first
political address to them as his constituents, in
that same room, in that same town, the homely old
Town Hall of Hertford. Summing up together in
a very few words the most salient among these
events, a task readily accomplished within the com-
pass of two or three sentences, the right hon-
ourable baronet can hardly be thought, even
by the most matter-of-fact amongst us, to have
spoken of them in any way, in terms of exaggera-
tion—where he observed that " they constitute one
of the most remarkable epochs in the history of the
world." When it is remembered what is revealed
upon the enumeration of even a comparatively small
proportion of these memorable occurrences, it will
certainly be apparent that the estimate thus formed
of their importance, so far from partaking, in any
way, of the characteristic of exaggeration is, in
simple and literal truth, very much indeed within
the mark. " Since then," said Sir BULWER LYTTON,
referring to the date of his first participation in the
public affairs of that county, " Since then [among
other things] France has undergone three revolu-
tions—the fall of the constitutional monarchy, the
stormy interlude of a democratic republic, and•the
restoration of a military empire. The old rulers of
Lombardy, of Tuscany, and of Naples have
disappeared, and the map of the world has
been altered in order to admit of the intro •
duction of the kingdom of Italy. Austria,
long
cipl; tol? haughtiest representative of the prin-
'absolute monarchy, has commenced the
experiment of
constitutional government. And
Russia has laid the foundation of a new political
and social existe
labour and nee in recognising the value of free
abolishing the institution of serfdom.
China has opened her Ports to our merchants, and
her capital to our -
ambassadors. We ourselves have
twice gone through the
siege of Sebastopol calamities of war in the
and the suppression of the
Indian revolt. And We have
been twice reminded
this evening that the great republic which boasted
a superb exemption from the perils perils and the evils
which beset ancient states and
that
ar
struggle,i monarchical 1 t
wf o
ar
imin
in
of government has been violently
rent s
p a a
sio n a te
Ai.d whatever may be the issue of h
which we see at present only a lavish expenditure
of blood end treasure, still there is no i
bystander who can believe that the Union can ever
be restored, and no fir-sighted politician who can
Suppos.e that the curse of slavery can long survive
that separation, of which it is the most ostensible
though not the only, nor perlops the most powerful,
cause." A marvellous record, this, even of itself :yet
one which by no moans contains within it the
whole of the wonderful occurrences which the his-
torian of after times will have to relate as having
illustrated so resplendsely, and advanced so ap-
preciably, in the very heart; of the nineteenth cen-
turYi the onward me Irch of modern civilisation.

Those three revolutions of France, which Sir BIM-

WER LYTTON has so aptly characterised as the fall
of a Constitutional Monarchy, the interlude of a

Democratic Republic, and the restoration of a Mili-
tary Despotism! That transformation of the Map of
Europe, to admit of the introduction of the Italian
Kingdom in lieu of the effete and now abolished
rule of Austria in Lombardy, of the Grand Duke
in Tuscany, and of the BOURBON King in the Two
Sicilies! That commencement (at least) by Austria
of a change from Absolute Monarchy to a resemblance,
however feeble and remote, to ConstitutionalGovern-
meat ! That spontaneous emancipation by the Rus-
sian Autocrat of 20,000,000 of serfs ! That Crimec n
repulsion of the late Czar (NICHOLAS) by the
Western Powers, in armed alliance, to prevent the
calamity of a Russian occupation of Constantinople !
That reconquest of our vast Asiatic Empire, a
reconquest literally effected by the suppression of
the deadly mutiny of the Sepoys in Bengal ! That
successful accomplishment of our third war against
the Chinese ! This fierce and lamentable Civil War
now raging in the American Republic, rending
the Confederation in twain, and thus preparing (we
are no less persuaded of the fact than Sir EDWARD
LYTTON avows himself to be), for the inevitable
abolition in the end of the accursed institution of
Slavery! Important to the last degree though
these events are they are not by any means

the only occurrences which have marked the epoch
within the narrow interval of which they have
been massed together.

Not alone, for example, at the opposite ex-

tremity of this Eastern hemisphere has China,
after an insulation from the rest of the
world during so many preceding centuries, been

opened up at last to the influence of European civi-
lisation—but precisely the same result has been
brought about in regard to the vast, and wealthy,
and thickly peopled, and (in an Asiatic sense) highly
civilised island empire of Japan ! An empire peopled,
at the least it is estimated, by some 30,000,000! The
seas having been traversed and explored in every
conceivable direction—but two regions of the habit-
able globe still remained, until lately, the merest
blanks upon MERCATOR'S Chart of the Two
hemispheres : and these two till recently untrodden
regions have been at length penetrated by ad-
venturous travellers. The benevolent Dr. DAVID
LITINGSTONE has advanced more than once towards
the centre of the great African continent. The ill-
fated O'HARA BURKE, and his companions, have
chivalrously sacrificed their lives, in passing across
the whole width of the gigantic island, or rather
continent of Australasia. The problematic question
as to the existence of a North-West Passsage has at
length been answered in the affirmative, though in
solving this notable problem M'CLURE only did so
by advancing, when too late, along the fatal track
left by the footsteps of tie devoted FRANKLIN.
Within this same interval of but little
more than one decade, of certainly not
more than three ever-memorable lustres—
the interests of commerce have been advanced by
two wholly dissimilar occurrences—first of all, by
the triumph of Free Trade principles, and, secondly,
and in a very subordinate but in a very appreci-
able way, nevertheless, by the discovery in rapid
succession of immense supplies of gold in Cali-
fornia, in Australia, and, finally, in Sir BULWER
LYTTON'S own colony, the noble colony he called
into existence, and rapidly organised, during his
brief tenure of office as Her Britannic MAJESTY'S
Colonial Secretary, the colony of British Columbia.
During this same epoch—no matter for how brief
a time, at any rate for " a time "—science enabled
America and Europe to be in instant communica-
tion under the depths of the mighty Atlantic.
Continent speaking with continent, at the
distance of three thousand miles, through
that magical metallic fibre of the submarine Elec-
tric Telegraph I If for nothing else, the epoch we
have just passed through would be nobly and
affectingly worthy of remembrance for that one
sublime incident—.-when the ends of the earth, thus
brought into instantaneous communication, there
was flashed along the bed of the ocean, as the first
signal worthy of being thus transmitted from
man to man, Gloria in excelsis Deo—a cry
of adoration from Humanity, rising to heaven
thus literally De Profundis ! For the sug-
gestion of these, and many other impres-
sive recollections, the more reflective will have
reason to thank Sir BuLWER LYTTON for that
luminous glance of retrospect with which he intro-
duced his otherwise, for the most part, colloquial,
occasionally humorous, and towards the end (when
referring to the loss sustained by the nation from
the death of the late lamented PRINCE CONSORT)
graceful and genial address to his old friends and
constituents down at Hertford.

The two Chancellors of the Exchequer—the one
who sneered at the Free-trade " wisdom of Par lia -
ment," and the one who has completed the eman-
cipation of trade, have each in his way been re-
ceiving public ovations, and each appropriately.
Mr. DISRAELI has been toasted by the Bucks
farmers, Mr. GLADSTONE by the busy traders of the
north. Each has had three days of it, Mr. DISRAELI
three somewhat distant days, and at three agricul-
tural meetings for his one little county. Mr.
GLADSTONE three corseoutive days for the populous
boroughs connected :with the great trade of the
coal districts. Mr. DISRAELI has lectured on
agricultural matters to those who knew better
about them than himself, and gained cheers by
defending prizes for long and faithful service. His
triumphant competitor could discuss the great facts
of trade and commerce with those who recognised
in him one who could teach them something, and
who, instead of offering degrading prizes to work-
ing men, had done more than any living man to
enable Working men to earn that sweetest of prizes
to us all, good wages for good work. Mr. DISRAELI
could not, that we know of, tell the agriculturists
of more than one service he ever proposed to render
them—that of taking off half the malt duty, which
assuredly would not have put half-a-crown into
any of their pockets. Mr. GLADSTONE this week
could have pointed to tens of thousands of con-
sumers of malt liquors, and have told any Bucks
yeoman, who dared venture so far from home, that
his policy, by making all these men consumers of
malt, had done more to raise the price of barley than
could have been accomplished by
.any reduction of

duty.
If we compare the two demonstrations it might
be a little unfair. The Bucks farmers did what
they could. The population of the Tyne did no
more. Still there was certainly a fundamental
difference between the two sets of men in relation to
their respective heroes. Old Bucks and young
Bucks, at Salthill and other places, could not, if
asked, have told what in the world they cheered for.
The Hon. BENJAMIN DISRAELI is no "good old
English gentleman"—they did not fill their bum-
pers to a representative JOHN BULL. He was no
farrier ; they could not cheer his agricultural
example, He had never rendered them the slightest
fiscal service
; they could not cheer him for stamps
on their cheques.
To be sure, he was, as the monu-
ment raised by his own wife reminded them,
" sixth time knight of the shire," but none knew
better than these worthy yeomen that " the shire"
meant the landlords. He was no knight of theirs.
Had they independent votes—could they appeal to

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