The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-16 00:00:00

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it it tiso inTiiet*6l4 WieLGUI Ortiri
a preelawation, met with no oppoPitien na
ging of the Judicature, the extinction o, .'ree
cussion, imprisonment as secret charges without
the opportunity of tilt], and the confiscation of
property without legal process, all acts in defiance
of the Constitution, have been submitted to with a
docility that Austria may admire, but never hope
to experience. The Government of the Republic is
now a pure despotism, administered by a committee,
each member of which does what seems good in his
own eyes.

PRICE..... -....4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

leges at Montreal adequate for the temporary occu-
pation at least of several thousand men, and there
are abundance of other substantial and commodious
edifices here which can be made available, in case of
need, for the winter quarters of any number.

MONDAY, DEC, 30.
The greater part of the 16th Regiment arrived
here yesterday at 2 p.m., in one large train, pro-
pelled by two engines, from Quebec. The men were
landed at the point St. Charles depot, and marched
thence through the city to Molson's College, which
had been prepared for them ; they looked remark-
ably well after their voyage, and long rough journey
from Bic. Several thousand persons were assembled
at the station to greet them, and the streets through
which they passed were crowded with spectators.
Being Sunday, the demonstration was as quiet as
possible, but the welcome was none the less hearty
for wanting the noise with which the Rifles will ho
received if they arrive on a week day.
The news of the death of the Prince Consort has
greatly saddened the community ; it has fallen upon
it as that of the Princess Charlotte fell on England,
and there is sorrow in every heart, and the deepest
sympathy with our beloved Queen in this the most
terrible affliction of her life. The provincial press
has been liberal in its encomiums of his acknow-
ledged worth ; and that of the United States has
not been behindhand in recognising his good qua-
lities and pure and useful life, and expressing the
sympathies which even the enemies of England
must feel with the bereavement of a Sovereign
whose virtues have shed a lustre on the throne, and
given a dignity to Royalty which it seldom wore
before.

(From another Correspondent.)
MONTREAL, DEC. 28, 1861.
The past week has been an exceedingly busy one
with the military authorities ; heavy trains, loaded
with cannon, shot, shell, and ammunition, have
been sent westward for the defence of the Welland
Canal ; the new batteries at Toronto have been
armed; the plans for the defence of Montreal, and
other important points, have been prepared, bar-

racks provided for the troops already arriving and

expected to arrive, contracts made for provisions,
and a dozen other equally necessary arrange-
ments made. The following buildings have been
obtained in Montreal for barracks : —Molson's
College, Quebec-suburbs; Roman Catholic College,
College-street; and the new stores erected on
the site of tho Hotel Dieu; and negotiations are
open for the buildings of the Congregational
Nuns, St. Jean Baptiste-street, and the Gray
Nunnery, at the foot of M'Gill-street. The former
residence of Sir John Johnston, opposite Molson's
College, has been hired for a military hospital, and
the row of buildings.in the retxi, on the river bank,

Some excitement has been occasioned this morn-
ing by the receipt of information that the Ameri-
cans are erecting batteries on Croil's Island, in the
Long Sault, commanding the Cornwall Canal,—an
offensive movement out of character with Mr.
Seward's professions of peace and goodwill. The
American steamers wintering at Ogdensburg were
also cut out of the ice on Saturday, and proceeded
up to Lake Ontario. _ _

for officers' quarters. The Persia, with the 16th
Regiment, reached Bic on Thursday afternoon, the
26th, and landed 600 men before night, who were
comfortably housed in the dwellings of the habitans,
and forwarded the next day by detachments in
sleighs to the Riviere du Loup station of the Grand
Trunk Railway. The whole regiment is expected
to arrive here to-morrow (Sunday) at noon, thus
defeating the intention to give them a public web.
come. All over Canada the Volunteer movement
is steadily progressing, to the intense astonishment
and disgust of our American neighbours, who have
left off abusing England to abuse and threaten
Canada.

I, The Melbourne arrived this morning at Cape
Breton, end is coaling there ; she will probably be
ordered back to Halifax, as her stores cannot be
safely landed at Bic.
There is some excitement here to-day on account
of the suspension of specie payments in New York,
which will probably be followed by all the banks of
the United States. Some of the Canadian banks
have a large circulation in the Western States,
which will come back to them for gold ; but the
banks are very strong in specie, and no difficulty
can be anticipated from this cause here.

The loyalty of the Irish Catholic and French
Canadian population has been demonstrated by
meetings at which their political leaders have called
on their people to rally in defence of the flag under
which they have enjoyed perfect liberty and
equality, by the alacrity with which the summons
has been answered, and by the noble liberality
with which the Roman Catholic clergy have volun-
tarily placed at the disposal of the Government all

the secular buildings under their control. In addi-
tion to the buildings already enumerated, the Roman
Catholic Bishop of Montreal tendered his own
palace for barracks. In every parish stirring appeals
have been made by the Roman Catholic clergy to

their parishioners to volunteer for the defence of
the country; and from one end of the land to the
other, among all races and sects, there has been
exhibited a spontaneous outburst of gratitude and
devotion to the Crown, and a determination to make
every sacrifice in defence of its honour, which is a
conclusive answer to those who have doubted the
expediency of the equal favour shown to Roman
Catholics in Canada, and the wisdom of conferring
a practical independence on the people. The British
people threatened by invasion could not have
sprung to arms with more unanimous alacrity than
the inhabitants of this province have done. The
Press has been as unanimous as the people, and the
most powerful nation might well pause and count
the chances against the success of an attempt to
conquer a people so united and determined, even if
they had not at their back the whole power of the
British empire.

It is almost a pity that this good spirit should
be frustrated by the resolution of the Government
of the United States to surrender the prisoners from
the Trent, which has just reached us by telegraph,
and caused quite as much disappointment at the
loss of an opportunity to show the ability and wil-
lingness of Canada to defend her soil from invasion
as pleasure at the escape for the present from the
horrors and sacrifices of war. I say at present, be-
cause few Canadians believe that the war between
the North and South can be protracted without
.numerous new causes of offence arising, likely to
embroil neutral countries. And the danger of
collision is infinitely increased by the class of men
to whom the United States has been compelled to
intrust the command of its cruisers and blockading
vessels ; the majority have been taken from the
merchant service, appointed through political in-
fluence, and, being only in the service for the time
being, they have no sense of responsibility, and no
higher aim than to win popular applause by some
act which will appeal to the passions and prejudices
of the rabble.

But could these dangers be escaped there yet re-
mains the perils which will threaten Canada, Cuba,
Mexico, and Central America, when peace, re-
stored either by the recognition or subjection of the
South, shall let loose upon an impoverished country
three-quarters of a million men now in the military
and naval service of the North—men who have
acquired the habits of the camp, and been spoilt for
those of quiet industry. Of the 50,000 volunteers
called out by the Mexican war, although the gold
discoveries in California opened a vent for their
restless ambition, it has been calculated that 10,000
were thrown upon society, and furnished the mate-
rial of the filibuster raids on Cuba, Sonora, and Cen-
tral America. Where is occupation to be found for
the million and a quarter of soldiers now arrayed
against each other in the Federal and Confederate
States ? What is to prevent their forming new fili-
bustering expeditions on a large scale, under their
favourite leaders, and inaugurating a grand system
of buccaneering, North and South, like the Saxons,
the Danes, and the Normans of old ? In view of
this danger it will be necessary for our people to
relax no exertion to fit themselves for the struggle
which seems inevitable ; and I think they are suffi-
ciently alive to the necessity to do so.

Much angry feeling has been aroused here by the
abominable system of espionage practised by the
Federal Government in Canada upon Southern re-
fugees, Northerners supposed to sympathise with
the South, and on British subjects known to be
favourable to them. Every United States' consulate
is the centre of a system of secret police, which has
its ramifications throughout the district. Besides
the regular paid spies who infest the hotels, many
of which aro kept by Americans, Northerners of
course, and dog the steps, listen to the conversation,
and watch the motions of suspected persons, several
commercial organisations are engaged in this dirty
work ; the chief of these are the railway express
companies, the mercantile intelligence offices, and
the telegraph companies; the principals and enz-
pleyes of the two first, and nearly all the managers
and operators of the last, being American citizens.
They are aided by nearly all the American popula-
tion, and by many persons of American parentage
claiming to be British subjects; and such a subtle
net is spread around the suspecthoefed if
wets it is iovsrikcht,
victim
mrwdhloyof
possible for them to escape arrest they venture to
return to the United States. T
this system was a Mrs. Mayer,
was arrested on the American side shortly after
leaving Rouse's Point en route for home, for alleged
treasonable practices in Canada, and sent to Fort
Lafayette. Her crime consisted in coming to Canada
to see a brother who had escaped from the South
via Havannah. The Federal journals justified her
arrest by alleging that she had in her possession an
immense amount of treasonable correspondence.
The truth is she had not a single sealed letter, and
only three of any other kind, all to herself—two
from her husband at New York, and the third from
her brother before leaving Havannah for Canada ;
the whole containing the usual amount of dangerous
matter to be found in family correspondence.
It is singular how naturally the Northern Ame-
ricans take to despotism, and adopt all its vile ma-
chinery. The destruction of the freedom of the
press not only raised no murmurs, but was accepted
as a boon ; the suspension of the Habeas Corpus,
in direct violation of the Constitution, by the mere