The Sun.
London, England, 1862-02-13 00:00:00

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POLAND.

FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.
WARSAW, FEB. 5.

I made in my last letter a passing allusion to the
declaration which the Government asserts to have
been written and signed by the Canon Bialo-
brzewski, after his trial by the court-martial, to
the effect that he had ordered the churches of War-
saw to be closed, in order to avoid the profanation
of them by the singing of the pz ohibited political
hymns. As this declaration was published in the
official journal, and the authorities are parading it in
other papers, both here and abroad, it is but just to
remark that such a declaration on the part of
this worthy prelate would be in manifest
contradiction with the letter which, on the
16th October last, when enjoying his liberty, and
with the advice of the assembled chapters of the
diocese, he addressea to Count Lambert, the Gover-
nor of the kingdom.
" The acts of profanation," wrote Canon Bialo-
brzewski, " committed yesterday in the Cathedral
and other churches by the Russian soldiery have
filled with horror and indignation the minds of the
inhabitants of this city, and of the whole country
to whatsoever religious creed they may belong. In
view of such facts I cannot remain silent. Placed
at the head of the clergy, it is my duty to inform
your excellency of the gravity of such a crime, per-
petrated at the time when people were engaged in
singing religious hymns approved by the Church.
" The sanctuary of God was surrounded by the
troops ; nearly 2,000 persons kept in it during the
whole day and night, without nourishment and
without any regard to their natural necessities, the
church door broken in, and the house of God en-
tered in the night by the soldiers armed and with
their shakos on their heals, striking with the butts
of their muskets all those who would not go away,
for fear of being arrested immediately. These are
the undeniable facts which are a disgrace to the
soldiers of a Christian Government, and would
make us believe that the days of Attila have
returned.

"I have, therefore, in conformity with the rules
of the Church, thought it necessary to take mea-
sures which, while restraining from despair this
justly indignant and exasperated people, would
make it:feel, however, the barbarity of the per-
petrated acts."

And it is after putting this man several times in
prison—after condemning him to death—and then
transporting him to a Russian fortress, that the
Government publishes a document in which the
canon throws all the blame of profanation on the
people, and calla the hymuz revolutionary. the

prelate really made the statement contained in the
Government document, why then sentence to death
or to confinement in a fortress, so able a defender of
the Russian rule; why not recompense him by
raising him to the dignity of the Archbishop, in-
stead of appointing a young priest, who spent all
his time in St. Petersburg, and is comparatively
a stranger to the so-called kingdom of Poland.
The matter is clear—the Russian authorities
wanted to create an impression upon the people
unfavourable to this patriotic clergyman, but it has
miserably failed in the attempt, as no one will be-
lieve one iota of this fabricated document,
The state of siege which was to have been raised
at the commencement of this year continues in all
its terror. The court-martial is permanently in-
stalled in the citadel, and the judges being hand-
somely paid make it their interest to prolong the
proceedings, and to increase the number of the
victims consigned to their tender mercies. Every
one is asking how long is all this to last, and ru-
mours are afloat that the Emperor Napoleon, who
hitherto has remained gilent on the Polish affairs,
intends to represent to the Emperor Alexander the
necessity of changing the system, if he does not like to
follow into the footsteps of his brother monarch the
late King of Naples. Though the Poles do not place
any reliance on the promises of Princes, yet the
marked attentions of which the late Prince Czar-
toryski was, and now his son Prince Ladislas
Czartoryski is the object, on the part of Louis Na-
poleon, may lead to this supposition.
As ever, the Russians endeavour to indispose the
peasants against their proprietors, and several mili-
tary officials betrayed their zeal in that respect, but
it is consoling to observe that the peasants invari-
ably turn a deaf ear to all insinuations, and show
confidence and respect for their masters. The mea-
sure regarding the property to be given to them is
still under the deliberation of the Council of State.

The son of the Marquis Wielopolski, who was
made Chamberlain of the Emperor, has, it is said,
by high inspiration, written a long article in the
Russian organ, le Nord, published at Brussels,
showing that the Emperor would willingly restore
to the Kingdom of Poland its rights, constitution,
and the national army, as guaranteed by the
treaty of Vienna, but the Imperial mind
has a doubt whether in the present deter-
mination of the Poles to see their entire
country restored, such a concession would prove
acceptable. This is regarded here as a feeler
what the Poles would really accept—and the
general opinion on this point is, that the Emperor
would not object to the restoration of the rights
provided the Poles would accept for their Lieu-
tenant one of the Russian Grand Dukes.

In the Russian circles it is loidly talked that the
Emperor attached much importance to the English
Parliamentary debates on Poland last year, and
that to avoid the repetition of them, he is full of
promises, which are most readily made, but they
may never be performed.