The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-23 00:00:00

FIIE SUN, LONDOB, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 23, lEEF.

LONDON, MONDAY, OCT. 23, 1865.

FUNERAL OF LORD PALMERSTON.

As announced by ourselves exclusively on
Thursday evening, in The Sun, the homage of a
Public Funeral in Westminster Abbey is about to
be accorded to the venerable remains of Lord PAL-
MERSTON. After commenting upon his career and
character in our leading columns that evening,
Thursday, the 19th instant, we went on to remark
--,‘ And it is this Great Man, this Famous Eng-
lishman, this Patrician-Gentleman, this fore-
most Statesman amongst his Contemporaries, who
has but just now passed from amongst us, and to
whose dead body the Nation will have to accord suit-
able sepulchral honours, under the roofbeams, we
presume, of Westminster Abbey. He had secured
all the honours he could reasonably have aspired
to in life. We must bestow upon him that
last and crowning honour, now that he is dead."
And further, by way of conclusion, we observed
as follows :—" The least we can do, now that he
has gone, the least we can do as a last evidence
of our appreciation for one so venerable in years,
so lofty in character, and so illustrious in position,
is—that we should inter his dead body with all appro-
priate funereal magnificence among the kindred great
ones who already lie buried there in the old Abbey at
Westminster."

That what we thus early indicated as alone suit-
able in regard to the scene and manner of Lord
PALMERSTON'S Funeral Obsequies, is now, after all,
really and truly going to be done in reference to
his sepulture, will be matter, we believe, of very
general satisfaction. A strictly private interment
of the late Prime Minister would have been almost
painfully unsuitable under the circumstances.
That momentary design, it is now gratifying to
learn, has been, at the eleventh hour, abandoned,
and on Wednesday next, the day after to-morrow,
the remains of the Great Premier will be deposited,
with all appropriate solemnity, in the only fitting
Resting-Place for a greatman, so universally popular
among all classes of his fellow-countrymen as
HENRY JOHN TEMPLE, the third and last Viscount
PALMERSTON.

Few sciences have made more rapid progress of
late years than the science of meteorology ; never-
theless, there is, perhaps, none in which we have
more to learn. Our savants may foretell storms or
trace the course of hurricanes, they may measure
the density of a fog, or estimate with marvellous
accuracy the amount of the annual rainfall, but
there still remains a great deal that as yet they can-
not do. They find it impossible to measure those
intangible atmospheric forces which carry on their
invisible course, the seeds of disease and
death from one country to another. They
are unable to tell us in what consists that
inalific agency, which with so little apparent
cause produces suddenly and Simultaneously in very
opposite conditions of life the same apparently un-
controllable effects. The summer which has just
passed has been brilliant and beautiful, warm, and so
lengthened that second crops have, in some instances,
appeared. 'Yet there has evidently been some
unkind agency at work, most formidable to animal
life, while the devastating march of the cholera
seems to indicate that it has been likewise
unfavourable to human life and health. At
the opening oT the year there were
rumours °- f
new and formidable diseases
n Russia, and even in Germany. Considerable

apprehension was felt, and the matter was thought
serious enough for direct official inquiry. When the
alarm had a little subsided it soon became manifest
that a well-known enemy was advancing westward,
and although happily we have as yet been spared
the visitation, it has been so busy in other parts of
Europe that we have good grounds for uneasiness
on our own account as well as of anxiety on our
neighbours. An outbreak of yellow fever, limited
indeed in its area and brief in its duration, likewise
made itself felt in a part of the kingdom,
while all over the county in the south, in the north,
in Edinburgh as in London, in Lancashire as in
Norfolk, a fatal and most contagious disorder has
been decimating our herds. As is usually the case on
the outbreak of a new and virulent pestilence, there
have been active discussions respecting the origin of
the disorder. Some have attributedit to importation,
some to the ill-treatment of cattle, and some to
atmospheric agencies. Whichever theory be the
true one, there must certainly be some condition of
the atmosphere which is especially favourable to its
development, otherwise we should not find it intrud-
ing itself into the carefully-guarded retreat of the
Zoological Gardens, or ravaging Holland, or last
not least, breaking out far away on the Neilgherries!
Yet the latest Indian news brings us this curious
and unwelcome piece of intelligence. It is only to
be hoped that the disease may spread less widely
and prove less destructive in that part of the world
than our own. Possibly among the recondite know-
ledge of the Hindoos there may be some tradi-
tionary mode of treating it which may prove
more effectual than the resources of European
science and skill have yet done. The great
problem of the day is not how the cattle
disease originated, but how it is to be cured, and
in waiting to solve this the case of the cattle
owners is certainly a very hard one. Their pro-
perty is taken away from them at a single stroke.
Fatal as the disease has shown itself
to be, the owners may naturally believe they
have a chance of saving some of their animals,
but very often they are forced to have them
slaughtered without making the experiment. Lord
WINCHELSEA has addressed a letter to a contem-
porary on this subject, in which he argues, very
justly, that Government is bound to offer some
compensation to the owners of the stricken
property. He illustrates his case by supposing an
instance of a large manufactory employing hundreds
of men developing some pestilence, and the owners
consequently receiving an order to destroy their
buildings and burn their machinery. Were no
ideemnity offered in such a case, he says, what an
outcry would follow. Yet the proposition of the
cattle owners is precisely parallel. We cannot
but hope that this injustice will be remedied, since
£lOO,OOO would have very little effect on our annual
disbursements, but might to thousands of tradesmen
constitute the whole difference between competence
and ruin.

At this period when the discussion of sanitary
measures occupies the attention of the well-informed
to so great an extent, it is lamentable to reflect upon
the sad cases of grievous neglect which here and
there are a scandal to the good senses and good
taste of the community. The shocking condition
of Bethnal-Green has for a long time been the
theme of much comment, and, perhaps, some san-
guine persons had indulged in the hope that by this
time things had got better, that the careless were
more cautious, and the ignorant better informed.
Such hope will, however, be grievously disappointed
by the perusal of the report of an inquest
held on Thursday last at the Nelson Tavern,
Hackney-road, on the body of a little girl
eleven years of age. The occurrences that then
took place are enough to surprise any one not accus-
tomed to the insolence of parish officials and the
shameful neglect of landlords. The details that
were mentioned by the witnesses were of so start-
ling a character, thatthey certainly realise the adage
of truth being stranger than fiction. It seems diffi-
cult to believe that human beingsshould be expected
to pay any money at all for living in the places here
described, for the house in which. the poor little girl
met her untimely end was not in a fit state for cri-
minals, if half of what was said of it be true. It
appears that some time ago JOANNA BUTLER fell
and broke a rib, but Dr. CHAMBERS said that if
she had been properly treated she might
have recovered, but that the removal of
her family to Nelson-place was very inju-
rious, and no one will wonder that he should
have made this remark when they learn the reasons
for it. He stated that the " effluvium from the
premises affected his throat for hours after he visited
the court," and that there were " foul emanations
and effluvium from the houses, the dust heaps, &c."
'I he houses consist only of two rooms, and for these
a charge is made of five shillings a week. In fact,
so pestilential is the atmosphere of the place that
Dr. CHAMBERS believes that a case of "smallpox
which he is treating in one of these houses has come
from poison in the houses, as it is not like an ordi-
nary case." Then followed other witnesses, all
corroborating the statement of the medical man,
and telling the sad tale of wrong and neglect.
HARRIET BUTLER, the mother of the deceased,
stated that the child got much worse after she was
removed to Nelson-place. " The house was a step
lower than the ground back and front, there was no
dust-bin or cover to the water-butt, the yard was
covered with stagnant water, and they had to place
the wash-house door down to walk dryshod over
it." It certainly appears that five shillings a week
was exorbitant to pay for such accommodation, and
that, taking all things into consideration, those who
valued their health or the lives of their children
would rather pay double that sum to be outside
such premises.

FRANCES BLOIA3I stated that she had often com-
plained to her landlord of the dust being thrown
out and left in the middle of the court, " dead
cats, &c., being thrown on it," and he replied,
4. You should put it in your yard, I will get any
one three months who puts the dust in front." It
would certainly be an anomalous proceeding for a
landlord to get three months for a lodger who put
the dust in front when there was no dust-bin on
the premises. It was mentioned that the • dust
heaps were but seldom removed, became the dust
contractors generally avoided narrow streets and
courts in low neighbourhoods, as they were not
likely in such quarters to receive the twopence
beer-money for their trouble ; and the consequence
of such neglect is that heaps of refuse are left for
weeks at a time, which " decompose" and greatly
injure the health of the inhabitants. Dr. GREEN-
WOOD, whose assistant had attended the child,
certified that he was well qualified to do so, but
when he went there he found the child lying on the
boards, as the landlord had seized all the things for
rent, but on condition of the family removing he
returned the bed. Under these circumstances it
was therefore impossible for the medical attendant
to do otherwise than consent to the removal of the
child, but he advised her being taken to the hospital.
The inhuman course pursued by many of the land-
lords in these wretched habitations cannot be too
- _
severely censured. To take the bed from under a
sick child who had met with an accident is a piece
of barbarous cruelty unpardonable in any man who
dwells in a civilised country. No wonder some
of the jury remarked that the state of the

neighbourhood of Nelson's-place was so bad
that it was necessary to take some steps
concerning it, for it was very dangerous to the
health of all who resided there. Upon the delivery
of these very pertinent observations there ensued a
scene almost unparalleled for effrontery and indiffer-
ence on the part of Mr. CHRISTIE, Inspector of
Nuisances for Bethnal-green. He began by stating
that he served " no notice" on the landlord of the
houses just referred to, and, will it be believed, he
added, there was no occasion for him to do so, for
there was no complaint made. A juror truly stated
that it was a startling admission that these poor
neighbourhoods were not to be visited or inspected
except when complaints were made, and that such
a system might satisfy the vestry, but would not
content the public. Henceforth this enlightened in-
spector of nuisances replied he had nothing to do with
the public. "I do not care whether the public are
satisfied or not. Ido my duty according to my
instructions. You should go and do it yourself."
It is really too much to submit to that such intol-
lerable impertinence should be permitted in a witness
before a court of inquiry. The conduct of Mr.
CHRISTIE was about as unseemly as it could be, and
the reproofs of Ile jury only seemed to make him
worse. In fact, he became quite outrageous.
When the assistant inspector appeared to give evi-
dence, he contradicted him in the most barefaced
manner, and when Mr. BURROWS stated that
such an entry was in- the book in his own
handwriting, Mr. CHRISTIE exclaimed, " I don't
believe it ; it is not in your handwriting."
A juror very properly remarked at this juncture,
" Mr. CHRISTIE, you are not here now as relieving
officer among paupers ; your manner is most in-
sulting." It is indeed very unbecoming that such
conduct should take place when an important inves-
tigation is taking place, and the whole tenour of
Mr. CHRISTIE'S course shows him to be utterly
unfit for his place, and it will be a great act of
neglect to their duties and an insult to the public if
he be not immediately dismissed by the proper
authorities. But the matter should not be suffered
to rest in their hands, and if they choose to
tolerate the offender, surely the Home Secretary
will think it proper to interfere. If such a style of
conduct be suffered io pass unchecked, it will be
holding out an encouragement to other inspectors
to slight their work and insult those who call them
to account. It was in Bethnal-green that a reliev-
ing-officer once told a jury, who passed a verdict
that contained a censure upon his treatment of a
pauper, " that their verdict would not do him a
halfpenny-worth of harm." An improvement will
never take place in this locality unless some more
vigorous measures are adopted, and it is high
time that something be done speedily, or the
condition of the poor will be frightful during the
winter. What with hard relieving officers, incom-
petent inspectors of nuisances, and scheming land-
lords, it would seem that the condition of Bethnal-
green is about as bad as it can be. The death of this
unfortunate child has once again brought before the
public the sad state of this part of the metropolis, and
the honour and interests of the community alike call
for some searching investigation to be made, and
some striking changes to,be introduced. It is of
no use for juries to return verdicts if no atten-
tion is paid to them. And how often have
such protests been made against the system
pursued in Bethnal-green ? The time has arrived
when action should succeed to words, remedies be
substituted for complaints, and a vigorous change
for the better afford some chance of life and health
to those now pining in sickness, and sinking into
premature graves in consequence of the foul air
they breathe, and the noxious condition of the
houses they dwell in.

It does not appear to be more than a very brief
period since, with all due poinp and pride of cir-
cumstance, the Wakefield Exhibition opened its
doors to the eager and admiring multitude. Yet so
rapid is the succession of events that divert the pub-
lic attention that forty days have elapsed during
the interval between its inauguration and its close.
The experience of those six weeks has been, as far
as the exhibition itself was concerned, pre-eminently
satisfactory. It is not very often that so encourag-
ing a verdict can be given as to the results of any
largo undertaking as that given by the secretary in
Making his final report. "The whole course of the
exhibition," he said, " had been one of unqualified
prosperity and complete success." So far from the
intere of the public diminishing with time, it ap-
peared steadily to increase, for the weekly attend-
ance became gradually larger and larger. The
average daily attendance was between four and
five thousand, the total number of admissions hav-
ing b&n 185,723. The exhibition was not of that
showy and superficial character which might at its
opening attract crowds for the fashion or the
amusement of the hour. It contained works of art
and skill which elevated the mind and enthralled
the interest of the spectator, and bade him return
again and again to worship at the shrine of beauty
and of invention. Despite the social and finan-
cial success of the undertaking there hung over
the closing ceremony the gloom cast by the national
loss of the week, and by none of those present could
it have been more deeply and painfully felt than by
the kindly and accomplished nobleman who has so
cordially befriended the movement from its outset.
Yet though Lord lIOUGHTON confessed his inability
to enter so cheerfully as he would otherwise have
done into the spirit of the occasion, his closing
address showed his usual facility in dealing with
questions of art and education. An exhibition of
this kind is, he justly observed, an educational ad-
vantage to the people. Who, he asked, could mea-
sure its influence or benefits ? Who could tell the
germ of art which may have entered the mind of
some peasant student in looking for the first time at
the fine paintings in this very Wakefield Exhibition,
or the dim notion of invention which might pass
through the mind of the intelligent mechanician
examining the models exhibited in its rooms. But,
in addition to this aspect of the advantages of throw-
ing open such opportunities to genius and talent in
the lower ranks, we must remember the more certain
and extensive, if less conspicuous, result produced
upon the minds of the many who have no claim to
either inventive or artistic pre-eminence. The
gradual refinement and cultivation of the taste
of the many is not less vital to the progress and
social welfare of a nation than the development of
the gifts and faculties of the few, and it is not one
of the least significant or gratifying signs of the
times that so wide a range of persons should be able
to find pleasure in these artistic exhibitions. Art,
as Mr. LEATHAM truly said, may minister to virtue
as well as to vice, and the pleasure felt in an inno-
cent and elevating recreation of this kind is of itself
beneficial to those classes who are too apt to derive
their gratification exclusively from material sources.
Mr. LEATHAM quoted appropriately enough the
familiar thought of BEATS—" A thing of beauty
is a joy for ever," and expressed his be-
lief that many of the visitors -to Wakefield
who had snatched a brief holiday to spend in its
Exhibition would carry away with them bright
and enduring memories. Mr. LEATIIAM made a
very sensible suggestion as to the disposal of the
surplus funds in the hands of the Committee, and
we hope his hint will be taken. He proposed that

they should be devoted to the establishment of a
School of -Design in Wakefield ; a scheme which
would be very advantageous to the town and it:
various branches of industry, from the improvement
it would be likely to effect in the designs of the
textile fabrics and of the china manufacture. Such
a practical result would tend to keep alive the
pleasant memory of an
,Exhibition which has been
during its existence an unqualified success, and
would help to train the taste and talent of the rising
generation, so that Art and Industry, instead of
being, as too often believed, opposing forces, may
assume their more natural and beautiful position
as kindred and congenial benefactors of humanity.

The Australian Mails.

SOUTIIA3IPTON7 Oct. 22.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-
ship Poonah, Capt. Field, with the heavy Calcutta,
China, and Australian mails, arrived this morning.
She brings 89 passengers, amongst whom is the Rev.
Mr. Gardner, chaplain to her Majesty's forces, from
Gibraltar. Mr. Quaife, purser of the company's
steamer Behar, died on board the Poonah on the
18th inst.

The Poonah has on freight eight packages specie,
value £165,000 ; also six packages valuables, and
2,022 packages cargo, _including 1,755 bales raw
silk, value £150,000.

Along the coast of Portugal the Poonah expe-
rienced strong gales from S.W. to N.W., and thick
hazy weather, across the Bay hard northerly squalls,
and up hvinel fin e weather.
Her Majesty's ships Assurance, Pelican, Cocka-
trice, Hibernia, and EnterprisGleußwAeLrTeAant,lla
Oct. IG.

The pleasant change in the weather appears to
have had a beneficial effect on the public health.
Cholera has now nearly disappeared from amongst
the entire population, civil and military. A great
improvement is also reported in the public health of
San Roque. The atmospheric change appears to
have been equally beneficial to the Rock and its
neighbourhood.
According to private letters, the deaths in Seville
from cholera are estimated at about 50 a day.
The following British vessels have arrived here :
—On the 9th, the steamer Morocco, 6 days from
Liverpool; on the 10th, the steamer Delta, 6 days
from Southampton ; on the 11th, the steamer
William Corey, 91 days from Cardiff ; on the 13th,
steamer lonia, 71 days from Liverpool, and steamer
Messina, 8 days from Penzance ; and on the 16th
the brigantine Hawendale, 17 days from Liverpool ;
and barque Enchantress, 20 days from Newcastle.
The British brigantine Research, from Villareal
do Antonio, with sulphur ore for Liverpool, put in
here on the night of the 11th, leaky.
Her Majesty's ship Procris is in the harbour.

Exchanges are quoted on London, 90 days' date,
at 491 to ; Paris, sf. 22c. to 23c. ; Marseilles, sf.
22c. to 23c. ; Madrid, 8 days' sight, I-, to 1 dis.
Cadiz, 14 dis. ; Seville, par to dis. ; Malaga, 1 dis.
These exchanges are nominal.

The Great German Powers and the
Frankfort Senate•

BERLIN, Oct. 20.

The Governments of Prussia and Austria havo,
within the last few days, addressed notes to the
Frankfort Senate upon the subject of the recent
Congress of German Deputies in that city. The
despatches were at first reported to be identical, but
this is denied by the semi-official press. The notes
are said to call the attention of the Senate to the
fact that Frankfort is permitted to become a focus
for political agitation, by means of the meetings
of associations and clubs and the attitude of its
press, and to request that a stop may be put to
these proceedings. In case of refusal, a threat is
stated to be held out that the two great German
Powers will take the government of the free city
into their own hands.

FRANKFORT, Oct. 19.
At yesterday's sitting of the Legislative Assembly
the following motion was brought in with reference
to the notes addressed to the Senate by Austria and
Prussia :
"That the Assembly should request the Senate for
speedy information 'whether communication had really
been received from the Governments of Austria and Prussia
injurious to the independence of the free city of Frankfort,
and especially directed against the method in which the
laws as to the press and associations hare hitherto been
administered. The Assembly also expresses its conviction
that the Senate will upheld the independence of our
State."

In the debate which followed, Dr. Reinganum
thought the motion should be postponed for a few
days.
"Dr. Braunfels advocated the immediate passing of
the motion. He said there could be no doubt, after the
statements of the Prussian press, as to the tenour of the
notes ; and it had also transpired that as similar communi-
cations had been forwarded to other Federal States, Frank-
fort ought to precede these Governments with an energetic
protest.
"Dr. Reinganum thought the most marked feature in
the matter was, that the two great Powers had again taken
up a position outside the Confederation. The notes could
therefore not ba regarded simply as harmless objections to
the State and Federal right hitherto observed, but as a
new act of compulsion.
"Dr. Friedleben regretted that no commissioners from
the Senate were present to give explanations, and expressed
his conviction that the honour of the State and their duty
as citizens demanded rapid action. The Senate should be
reminded of the ancient motto of the free city of Frank-
fort, 'Strong in right !' "

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE ABYSSINIAN PRISONERS.
ALEXANDRIA, OCT. 14.

The Comnzercio publishes a letter from Jedda,
dated the 27th ult., of which the following is the
substance :
" Information has been received from Massowah
stating that Mr. Cameron the English Consul, has
not yet obtained his freedom; he even suffers much.
In two years his hair has turned from black to per-
fect white. His legs are swollen, and he is alto-
gether in a very bad way.
" It is said that King Theodorus has written to
Mr. Rassam to come and take Cameron away, his
Majesty's object being to imprison Rassam also, as
Rassam is believed to have formed improper rela-
tions with certain enemies of the Emperor."

ITALY.
FLORENCE, OCT. 23.

The election of deputies to the Italian Parliament
has commenced. Most of the colleges are battling
for the different candidates. A large number of
electors are taking part in the elections, but order
has nowhere been disturbed.

MILAN, OCT. 23.

Yesterday the Prince and Princess Napoleon
arrived here incognito, and were present at the
theatre last evening.

TURIN, OCT. 23.

A despatch received to-day announces that the
King and Queen of Portugal will arrive here on the
26th inst.

INDIA.
BOMBAY, SEPT. 30.
Nothing is known yet as to the proceedings in
Bhootan when the cold weather sets in.

Colonel Campbell has been removed from the
service for mismanagement of the defence of De-
wangire, in Bhootan, but has been allowed a major's

pension.

Armudsen, a notorious rebel of 1857, has been
found guilty at Cawnpore, and sentenced to impri-
sonment for life.
Vardy, the pilot of the Coolie ship Eagle Speed,
which was wrecked at the mouth of the Mutlah, has
been dismissed the service.'
The cattle disease is reported to have broken out
on the Neilgherries.
A collision has occurred between the people and
the police in suppressing hook-swinging at Poore

in Kuttack.
The Exhibition atNagpore is to be opened on the
24th December.

A pension has been granted to the family of the
ex-King of Delhi.
The new organization of the Bombay police com-
mences in October.

The reports regarding the crops are everywhere
very favourable.
The rainfall in Bombay up to this date is 75

inches.

The cotton and piece goods markets are active,
and prices are advancing.

CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS.
ALEXANDRIA, OCT. 20.

The Delta and Tanjore, with the above mails,
left here at noon, to-day, for Marseilles and South-

ampton respectively.

FRANCE.

BOURSE, Oct. 21.—Two o'Clock.—Although
business is now done at lower quotations than were
obtained at the opening, an improvement has taken
place on yesterday's closing rates. Threes, for the
Account, have advanced 10c., and are quoted 67f.
95c. Italiin Fives are at 65f. 45c. Credit Mobilier
Shares are doing at 882 f. 50c., with a rise of 7f. 50c.
Comptoir d'Escompte Shares have attained I,ooof.
North of Spain are unvaried ; the discounting of
these shares has much fallen off—only 375 are an-
nounced for to-day. Paris Gas Shares are doing
between 1,695 f. to 1,700 f Three o'Clock.—The
market became buoyant towards the end, and the
closing prices show a further advance. The last
quotations are as follows
41 per Cents 96 20
Do. end month —
8 per Cents. 6B 05
Do. end month 67 97i
Credit Mobilier EB5
Do. end month
Bank Shares 3700
Credit Fonder 1330
Italian Loan 65 40
Do. end month 65 40

Ditto Threes —
Roman 74 50
Mexican Loan 4B 25
Do. Bonds 2lB 75
Russian -
Austrian
Spanish Threes .... 43
Home Debt —
Deferred