The Sun.
London, England, 1862-05-22 00:00:00

NOTICE.

All remittances arehenceforth, to be made to
Mr. JOHN CHAPLIN, at The Sun office, 112,
Strand, who has been appointed, by the Lord
Chancellor, Receiver and Manager of The Sun
newspaper, and the outstanding debts due in
respect thereof.

,----___
csr
,-, - I,Ait4 ~-,e
Ac*,g;,.- vi. -,Titt,:,i .
~ ::::.;,A.
M , , c -,...6
e-. yr , .4#
v4...4%5 - /,/:], i ~..-?")."'”,...,,
,4&4lte
- • r.. r,, WI -='-' b., ' ......',. 'Ye s,3s ..,-,..fr.
..,,,, ' n • ''-', .......

THE SUN.
LONDON, THURSDAY, MAY 22, 1862.

Austrian bankruptcy t—alas it is an old topic
yet an ever new one. It does rot much distress
Euglishmen, unless, it moy be, Mr. ROEBUCK and
the Mayor of Southampton, We may add perhaps
..Nl7. DISRAELI and Lord RUSSELL, who each seem
as if they could not renounce their youthful love for
Austria. For the rest of us, we believe vira only
express correctly the general sentiment when we
utter the very harsh wish, that she may soon be
without a florin, unless she can use her money to
better purpose than keeping up an army for the
distinct purpose of oppressing one State, Venetia,
to which she has only a treaty right, no moral one;
and another, Hungary, which ho overpowers in the
clearest defiance of all law and treaty.

French financial difficulties are nothing compared
With Austria's. ,Even America's are not, for Govern-

went paper there is now again at par, and she has,
therefore, no difficulty in borrowing all she wants.
But to Austria no one will lend from abroad, and
no one at home unless by some kind of compulsion.
How can it be otherwise ? Lenders do not like
borrowers who return every year, and generally with
increased demands. In 1857 Austria fell short, in
round numbers, by four millions a quarter. In
1858, by three millions and a half. In 1859, the
year of the Italian war, by twenty-four millions and
a half. In 1860 by six millions and a half more.
In 1861, having estimated her deficiency at four
millions, it turned out to be ELEVEN MILLIONS!
And now this year she furnishes a paper esti-
mate of revenue and expenditure which again
exhibits a deficiency of close upon six millions.
Her total estimated revenuelis £29,659,980. Her
expenditure, £35,458,600, and of this twelve
millions and a half are absorbed in meeting the
charge for the national debt of two hundred and
ninety-six millions.
The reader who will have but the moderate
degree of patience required to note these few finan-
cial facts will ask, what in the world this ever-
bankrupt State means to ,do ? She is said by Mr.
ROEBUCK and Mr. JOHN LEVER ORELL to be rich
beyond cur imaginations. A second Turkey, with
wealth enough for an empire double her size—only
—the wealth does not come out. It is wait-
ing to be "developed," these hopeful autho-
rities tell us—how long it has waited, and
bow much longer it is likely to wait, they do
not add. There are mineral treasures, and agri-
cultural treasures, they say, almost without limit.
' True. but so much the worse for a Government
which wastes its subjects' resources on armies main-
tained for no purpose on earth but to govern despo-
tically and against their will a large proportion of
the people where these treasures lie hidden, and
where they will lie hidden, till the Austrian incu-
bus is removed.
At this moment, as for a long time past, Ven etia
and Hungary are the cause of Austrian bank..
ruptcy. No one doubts that simple justice to both
would restore everything. The pride which per-
sists in regarding the Italian quadrilateral as an
outwork to the rest of the Austrian conglomera-
tion of States, costs her an immense army, not less
than one hundred and fifty to two hundred thou-
sand men there ; to which must be added the hand.
some price Italy would willingly pay for entering
on quiet possession. Then Hungary, to which she
has not even a treaty right, costs her, though dis-
armed, a large army. Hungary only asks her
clearest rights, and with becoming national dignity
and sense refuses to accept anything less. She
would treat honourably after their restoration, not
before. To withhold these rights this beggared
Empire is put to an enormous expense, while could
she humble herself to renounce brute force, and
concede them, she would find in Hungary a right
arm in war, and a mine of wealth in peace. Till in-
deed these rights are conceded, Austria will but go
on from bad to worse. It is freedom only and con-
tentment which can develop the resources of Hun-
ger?. Illegal taxation, the exclusion of the coun-
try from the sea, the turning of all trade through
the channels of protected and costly manufactures in
the German provinces, and the suppression of self-
government—a policy of this kind it is which keep;
Hungary comparatively nnfertile and poor.
It is much to be regretted that all the influence
of our Government on this question goes the wrong
way. Lord RUSSELL, and we suppose Lord PAL-
MERSTON, still seem quite content to sacrifice Hun-
garian independence to Austrian despotism. They
cannot conceive of an Austria without Hungary,
and Huneary herself does not ask for a separation
of the Crowns. But our ststesillan's sesame error is,
that they yield to Austria; in her wish to
amalgamate Hungary with her German provinces

—while the Hungarians justly feel themselves,
politically, a far greater and nobler nation than
either of the petty German duchies, or than all the
German provinces together. They might justly de-

mand that the Archdukes of Austria should rather
become Kings of Hungary residentially, as well as
in title and fact, instead of Hungary being swamped
in a Reichsrath got together from a host of petty
States. Our perverse Ministers will not see with
all England in this, and they as grossly misrepre-
sent our nation in Hungary as they honourably
represent it at Turin, Rome, and Naples. How
long is this to last ? Our moral support of Austria,
as the facts we have mentioned prove, is
but a support which ends in ruining her
finances almost beyond hope of retrieval; while it

is given in the teeth of this nation. Has Hungary
no one in the British Parliament to call our Govern-

ment to account ? Will not Sir G. BOWYER say
one word for the aged Catholic Archbishop of
Gran, who, at ninety years of age, stands so nobly
by his country's rights ? Are the members for

oppressed nationalities tired of official snubbing,
and the cold shoulder of both Whigs and Tories ?
But really the most slavish English friends of
Austria could not render her better service than to
call upon her to fill her Exchequer, by substituting
cheap political justice for ruinous standing armies.

1 H,R.H. the General Commanding-in-Chief has
no sinecure. Happily, however, he has evidenced be-
fore now his resolute determination to shrink from no
responsibility. And the responsibilities thrust upon
him of late, more than once, have been certainly of
no ordinary character. They have required a ca-
pacity for discrimination so unusual, a tact, a deli-
cacy, and yet, at the same time, a vigour and a
promptitude that might not, very surprisingly for
the moment, have bewildered a man of larger ex-
perience than his Royal Highness. Not withstand-

i.a .11 —1,;.1,, it is lint justice to say at once Unit
H.R.H. has acquitted himself, under these peculiar
and, even in some respects, distressing circumstances

to very general satisfaction.

Deprived, as Her MAJESTY'S Army has now been
or ten years back, of the mature wisdom, the
ripened judgment, the perfect temper, the inimi-
I table
precision, and the inexorable firmness that
combined to
give so much weight to any decision
pronounced by his Grace the Duke of WELLING-
TON—it is 50 far
an advantage for the Royal Forces,
it is, in effect, an appreciable security for their
ready and loyal
acquiescence in every decision pro-
nounced by his Grace's successor, that the latter
should be a Prince of the Blood. As such
he is, in a great measure, removed from the
There is, in
possibility of having imputed
to him any
party or personal predilections.
the mere accident of his birth, a guarantee for the
serene and equable balance of his judgment.
And
beyond any doubt whatever, it will be admittednd
upon all hands, that when a close came at last to
the long rule of the Duke of WELLINGTON at the
Horse- Guards, a very critical and exceptional epoch
may be said to have commenced in the annals of our
military administration. Kings of War there
were, doubtless, before AGAMEMNON. But,
after him, who would not appear diminished ? As
a soldier, raised above all his contemporaries, both
(as it were) by the height of his stature and by the
grandeur of his proportions—a GULLIVER amongst
the Lilliputians—hardly any successor could assume
his place excepting under a very obvious disadvan-
tage. Small discredit would it he even to the most
stalwart veteran amongst them all should he fail, in

dered. His regime at the Horse Guards
serving, in truth, rather painfully, to vindi-
cate the fact by the appalling mismanagement
brought under the observation, not only of England
but also of all Europe, in the glare of the great
contest under the walls of Sebastopol.

A happier, a wiser, a better epoch; in every re-
spect, has, beyond any question dawned upon the
Royal Army within the very interval during which
the post of Commander-in-Chief, or rather of General
Commanding-in-Chief has been held by his Royal
Highness the Duke of CAMBRIDGE. During the
rule of the Duke of CAMBRIDGE at the Horse
Guards it has become a simple matter of fact

that, for the most part, her MAJESTY'S
Forces have been thoroughly reorganised.
In almost every department a more judicious system
has been introduced, Infantry, cavalry, artillery,
engineers, commissariat—all ranks and sections of

the army have been subjected to a searching scrutiny
and a resolute revision. It has been thus simply

from sheer forne. of rirnnwotauves, Tho age
required it. The frightful calamities that befell our
army during the last great war demonstrated its
absolute necessity. But, granting all this, it is to

the credit of his Royal Highness that, from first to

last, he hasTstrentioasly endeavoured to forward,

instead of (as many in his place would probably
have done) retarding this vast reformatory move-

ment throughout every portion of our military

system.

Strange to say, however, while all this has been
happily accomplished—while the Army has, in a
manner, been reconstructed throughout—there have
been startling incidents of a very deplorable kind
of late years, incidents evidencing in a lamentable
manner a very serious and, at the same time, a very
mysterious relaxation or violation of discipline.

Frightful murders here and there in the barrack-
yards. Disgraceful scenes of insult and time
and again in the officers' quarters. Incidents these,
of course restricted to two or three strangely ill-
starred regiments. But incidents that—while,
of course, exceptional themselves—have dismayed
the community at large, particularly of

late by th 9 frequency of their occurrence. The
attention of the Legislature, in fact, became im-
peratively directed at last to the subject of the
Military Murders, with a view if possible to the
discovery of some more effectual means for their
prevention than those already supplied by the law.
The attention of the General Commanding -in-
Chief, of the Judge Advocate-General, of the
QUEEN herself, has each in turn, have all simul-
taneously, been directed on the other hand—parti-
cularly of late—to the recurrence among the officers,
now in this regiment, now in that, of contentions
resulting in conduct more or less unbecoming the
position of the offenders in society as Officers and
as Gentlemen. There was that monster court-mar-

tial recently in regard to Captain ROBERTSON and
his brother (!) officers in the 4th Dragoons. A
oourt-martial upon which we have commented at
length before now in the columns of The Sun, and
which court-martial, it will ho remembered, trine()
only the other day so very satisfactorily. Well,
and now Again there is another court-
martial which began sitting only yesterday
(also, like the last, at Dublin), in respect to the con-
(het of an officer in the Eleventh Hussars. The
charges in the instance here referred to being
directed against Mr. PAUL ANTHONY, the veterin
ary surgeon of that regiment in the words sub-
joined :

"For conduct unbecoming the character of an officer
and a gentleman, and to the prejudice of good order and
disc'pline, in the following instances:—
" Firat Instance.—ln having grossly and publicly in-
sulted Cornet Delacour, of the 11th Hussars, on the night
of the 29th April, by calling him ' a liar and a cur,' or
words to that effect.

" Second Instance.—ln having, at or about the same
time and place abeve mentioned, grossly and publicly in-
sulted Cornet Delacour, of the 11th Hussars, by striking
him a blow on the face.

Whatever else may come of this new inquiry,
we may rest satisfied at once that the individual
affected by it will have dealt out to him a full meed
of justice. The sentence of the court will be duly
revised by H.R.H. the General Commanding-in-
Chief, and will be finally submitted by the Judge
Advocate to the QUEEN for her MAJESTY'S approval
and confirmation. For the meting out of that
jastice, however, we certainly cannot but wish that
there were fewer opportunities.

Since we took the liberty to recommend Mr.
GLADSToNE's moral eloquence at Manchester to the
sermons seems to have attraeted no little newspaper
notice of our parish sermon makers, the subject of
_
attention, We do not wonder at it. To hear one

his most strenuous effort to bend, to the required
tension for the sinewy cord, the giant bow of
ULYSSES. There was, indeed, but one reasonable
alternative under the emergency—that is upon the
occasion of the vacancy caused at the Horse Guards
by the sudden death of the venerable hero, the
Duke of WELLINGTON. Either one of that Great
Captain's Lieutenants, or a Prince of the Blood,
who was also a soldier. England has since then
tried each in turn—she has had in succession two
chiefs at the Horse Guards, exactly answering those
two descriptions. At first there was a courtly clamour
from a few of the ever-zealous among the loyal
subjects of the Crown —to the effect that
the vacant post of Commander-in-Chief should be
awarded at once to H.R.H. the PRINCE CONSORT.
The notion, however, was eventually overruled by
the sound good sense no less of his Royal Highness
himself than of her Most Gracious Majesty the
QUEEN. It was soon afterwards felt to be a dis-
appointment by very many that the fidus Achates
of the dead aEneas—that Lord FITZROY SOMERSET
and no other than Lord FITZROY SOMERSET was not
promoted (by but one step !) to the post of Com-
mander-in-Chief. Instead of that he received his
barony of Raglan, his baton as Field Marshal, and
—the most enviable of all the positions he ever at-
tained in life, the one he still held when he calmly
encountered at last his soldierly death—the rank
and responsibility of Commander-in-Chief of her
MAJESTY'S army in the Crimea, the army beleagur-
ing during so many months the great fortified city
of Sebastopol.
If the beloved lieutenant of the Duke of WEL-
LINGTON was set aside, however, in the winter of
1851-1852, another out of the small group yet sur-
viving of those lieutenants of WELLINGTON was
nominated as his successor—though (as still even
in the instance of H.R.H.) not as Commander-in-
Chief, but (as if to mark a respectful distinction for
an uncertain interval) as the General Commanding-
in-Chief. The Duke's first successor in that way
being the late Field Marshal Viscount HARDINGE
—as the Duke's second successor (upon Lord
HARDINGE'S demise) is H.R.H. the Duke of CAM-
BRIDGE. Unless the Horse Guards—as has been
done during many years past at the Admiralty
—had been put in commission, we really do not
see after all what other course could very well
have been adopted than precisely the very course
we have here mentioned as having been adopted
under these difficult, and, for the moment, somewhat
bewildering circumstances. A magnificent cypher,
in a very great measure, we cannot but yet re
gard the earlier of the two Generals-Command
ing-in-Chief to have been, all things cons