The Sun.
London, England, 1862-07-21 00:00:00

The British Quarterly Review.

The writer of the article on "France and Italy"
appears to consider the Italian question is in a
state anything but satisfactory or even hopeful.
" As far as we can judge," he says, " who have en-
joyed the advantage of a close inspection, the
union appears to be one of benefits to be enjoyed
rather than of burdens to be borne, or of work to
be accomplished. Sardinia has been allowed by
her new subjects to assume the honours of govern-
ment on condition that she will spare their muscles
and not tax their purse. All the advantages of
liberty they are quite willing to share, provided
Sardinia will take to herself the whole of the ex-
pense ;" thus, " the Piedmontese are taxed at double
the rate of the Neapolitans, while the contributions
to the revenue of the central States fluctuate be-
tween both." The cession of Savoy and Nice has
also, the writer considers, placed Piedmont at the
mercy of France. "Formerly a few regiments at
Esseillon could have kept at bay a large army. A
few forts along the river Var, or by the Cornice
Pass, would have been equally effective on the
side of the sea. But now the keys of both these
strong positions are in the hands of France." The
result is thus summed up : " Commerce crippled,
Government works suspended, public credit shaken.
No person will embark capital in a country which
may change its rulers in the course of twenty-four
hours. No merchants will extend old or inaugurate
new commercial enterprises in a land which is liable
any day to be blasted by internecine war.
Who is so chivalrous in this economical generation
as to build upon a territory which is one moving
series of moral earthquakes ! The Italian Govern-
ment, in their despair of loans, offers such ruinous
interest and bonuses as Pitt offered immediately
after the battle of Marengo ; but the only difference
is,
stha
they that
Pitt
got the money and they cannot.
Though hold out seven per cent., with a pre-
mium corresponding to the amount lent, their funds
are below 69, and few persons will come forward
to save their country even with this prospect of
making a rapid fortune The Minister
for the
currenteyteoarmoefe
tsoiot ,otohoa,nooothlievrt3casieanodt hatshenopoutbhleicr
of Finance has just announced a deficiency
As a remedy for this state of things,
the writer recommends the Government to establish
industrial centres in which the population may
obtain remunerative employment, to introduce one
Common system of currency, and to develope the
vast natural resources of the country. There is an

The London _Review.
Under the head of " The Mormons at Home," we
find an examination of the relative trustworthiness
of the two recent works on that people by M.
Remy and Captain Burton. Of the latter gentle-
man the writer says—" Mormon polygamy is all
but defended in his pages ; or, at any rate, he lays
almost as much stress as a Latter Day Saint on the
fact that the majority of mankind are in favour of
this institution, ant seems as if he would have
small objection to mn with the multitude. He
appears to have little respect for one system of re-
ligion more than another, and is continually mak-
ing comparisons of tie most flippant and irreverent
kind." To M. Remy the writer gives credit for
more earnestness, btu states that his religious views
disqualify him from pronouncing a satisfactory judg-
ment on the doctrines and religious tendencies of
Mormonism, though he is at the same time by no
means its apologist.
Both agree, however, that
Utah clean-
liness, comfort, and industry, are the most obvious
characteristics
place to a stranger ; and we
are bound to say tiat a closer acquaintance only
is a model
of city,tn " Order, tranquillity,
serves,to confirm tlis agreeable impression. Work
is the order of tht day. With the exception of
perhaps the President—and he is neither unable
nor unwilling to lend a hand now and then—every-
body works. Masons, carpenters, blacksmiths,
gardeners, reapers, farriers, herdsmen, woodcutters,
woolcombers, ditchers, tailors, shoemakers, brick-
makers, potters, makers of gunpowder and saltpetre,
millers, surveyors, gunsmiths, turners, in a word,
all sorts of labourers and handicraftsmen are found
here, and all are as busy as the working bees in a
hive. The very children are utilised and taught
from early years the worth and dignity of labour.
The result of all this is that the infant colonies
supplies all its actual wants, and has attained, in
spite of unheard-of difficulties and obstructions, a
truly marvellous prosperity." It is not surprising,
then, that the creedcbtains many converts,especially
as there is a " Perpetual Emigration Fund" for the
purpose of assisting the poor on their journey; and
the total number of Mormon emigrants from
Europe from 1840 up to 1849 was 30,584. " But,"
says the writer, " a more organised and systematic
effort to elevate the lower classes—to promote their
material comfort—to improve their sanatory con-
dition—to give their children a good, serviceable,
and Christian education ; and, above all, a deter-
mined evangelising aggression upon the spiritual
ignorance and depravity which are the bane and
disgrace of the older homes of Christian civilisation.
would soon render it impossible for the coarse,
vulgar, and blasphemous rant of Mormonism to
obtain even a hearing among us.” The re-
views of 31_ Esquieros' work on the English
and of " Froude's History of England, vols. v. and
vi.," will attract the general reader, and the topics
of the remaining articles are " Renan on the She-
mitic Tongues," " The Portal Family," " Vocation
and Training of the Christian Ministry," and
" The Bicentenary of Nonconformity."

?he Medical Critic and Psychological Journal.
A lengthy review of the evidence and arguments
in the Wyndham case will be sure to attract atten-
tion. In " Counter Practice" we find a discussion
as to the propriety of chemists prescribing as well
as making up medicine. " Romantic Psychology"
touches on "A Strange Story." " The Health of
the Royal Navy" is an important article on the
ventilation of ships of war, and especially of iron
steamers; and " Drunkenness, Psychology, and In-
sanity" form the topics of the remaining papers.

The Journal of Agriculture, and the Transactions of
the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scot-
land.

Among the contents of this number will be found
,' French Views of British Agriculturists," and
"Notes on Novelties at the Agricultural Machine
Department of the Great Exhibition of 1862, by
Robert Scott Burn," as well as an elaborate paper
on " The Effects of the Severe Frost of December,
1860, and January, 1861, on Trees and Shrubs," by
Robert Hutchison, of Carlowrie, Kirkliston.

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

(From the Times' Correspondent.)

NEW YORK, JULY 4.
New York was yesterday in a state of panic. The
facts relative to Gen. M'Clellan and the series of
bloody battles on the Chickahominy, as published
in the papers—all the correspondents agreeing in
the main incidents—threw a gloom over the whole
city. The struggle that commenced on Wednesday,
June 25, and was continued every succeeding day
until Tuesday, July 1, and which may have been
renewed at this hour, is one of the most obstinate
recorded in the history of any people. The details
of the carnage are sickening to read of. Mr. Secre-
tary Stanton, though he would allow no facts to
be transmitted by telegraph, is not yet the lord and
master of the post-office. He permitted the one
agency to designate the result as " a substantial
victory" for the Union arms ; a piece of ambiguity
that set the public thinking and that alarmed Wall-
street so much as to send down the prices of Go-
vernment and every other kind of stock. The United
States Six per Cent. Bonds of 1881 fell two per
cent. ; the 7 30 Treasury Bonds five per cent. ; and
every kind of railway and other share partook of
the contagion of consternation and receded from
three to six per cent. The Post-office, over which
the Government exercises no discretionary power,
represented the matter in a clearer light. News-
paper reports and private letters confirmed and
augmented the bad impression produced by the
War Secretary's telegram, and showed M'Clellan to
have been out-generalled as well as out-numbered ;
to have taken up, in the first instance, an untena-
ble as well as a most unhealthy position in the
swamps between the Pamunkey and the Chickaho-
miny, and, in shifting his base of
operations to the
line between Chickahominy and the James River,
to have lost upwards of twenty thousand men;
and this, not according to the report of his op-
ponents, but by the confession of his own friends
—spectators of the series of bloody encounters by
which the change was effected. His army is repre-
sented to have numbered 95,000 men, so that his
forces were doubly, or more than doubly, decimated.
One man out of every five in his army was either
killed, wounded, a prisoner, or a deserter, and the
whole force only escaped annihilation by consum-
mate luck rather than consummate skill. The Fede-
rals, brave as they were, do not
appear to have
desperate yet orderly courage of
fought with the
the Confederates on any one day of the murderous
struggle, if the reports of the Federals themselves
are to be depended upon ;
and as yet no statement
has come to Richmond to throw a light on the tardy
but great sucCCS" which has rewarded the Confede
rate cause. The two most furious battles of the
series appear to have been fought on Friday, the
27th, and on Monday, the 30th of June. Friday's
battle was fought at a place called Gaines's-hill,—
a mill ; where a panic, almost equal to that of Bull
Run, was, with the greatest difficulty, prevented.
" Scores of
gallant officers," says the Tribune's cor-
respondent, "endeavoured to rally and re-form the
stragglers, in vain 3 while many officers forget the
pride of their shoulder straps and the honour of their
manhood and herded with sneaks and cowards."
Elsewhere, the same correspondent speaks of the
" frightened host " and the "poor bewildered men;"

that they had atdod,
fitrahoeneni
dditrcaatnlaosnt became general, in spite of the exer-
tionsly
ingh
fight
aa extenuationone
against
ga
no
sf t theirthree panic,e
to
oenf
desperation
eoehrvteahet
others
ortanPrincehtteoh they
ynodurensteJteßhomioun
ttvti
aiodl
elhe. ,awvGaesseetnivhnenorrvuaa lgal
ihßno
tf
fin. ttcrot
hee,
The
se
-t
actually discharged their revolvers at their own sol-
diers Division was beaten ; and the men knew it. In
they might as well die by the hand of their own
officers as by that of the enemy, and resisted all
threats as well as all blandishments to renew the
hopeless fight. On Saturday, the 28th ult., the bag-
gage trains of the army were started through the
dense forest called " White Oak Swamp," and the
army continued its retreat, harassed at every step by
the fire of the relentless enemy. " Sunday morning
came," says another correspondent who witnessed
oetwhbnhsdetai m
otnfaahsttehse describes, " and soon brought with it a
strange stampede of hundreds of mule teams with
their waggons attached. The terror that impelled
intoe
alni
line
animals,
frantic nst,thi
coupled
motionother.by
yAatthe
ss
eselectric,sac n
ih
aefrrgionemas t
aofnonrte:
tawhnaudrndwd,
ei
scatteringtrhs
ot fh eths
eq uar
drivers,e
waggonsfron ao
nf
soldiers,da
thecavalry
nd
s ffi
carieb
officers.
fg
the
hed
ree
s The
team-
sters, these
misunderstood by the soldiers in advance,
shook the nerves of the timid, and, in a moment
othomeriengar:er tuheered,etmooor, atlhiseinoffig
ocerrya,
w' The
among rebels
tahr
ae
first to run, and the correspondent indignantly adds
that if he knew the names of any of them he would
certainly publish them." And how did the Con-
federates behave ? " Mark me, Northern friends,"
says the same eyewitness, " the rebels fight with a
desperate courage. They go with orderly joy upon
the muzzles of our guns. Neither French nor Bri-
tish infantry ever charged z field batteries with
steadier fury." And whence, it may be asked,
" comes the difference between the two ?" The
Northerners—so many of whom are not Americans,
but Irish and Germans, fight for pay, and have no
real or abiding interest in the struggle. The South-
erners, on the other hand, fight with indomitable
pv
ar idde ed ano
soil,
1, a
fte orfolribheormtye;
afnord coinudnetyo
pron, for
independence. This
in-
This
is an element of the conflict that the Federal Go-
vernment ought to understand, and which if
thoroughly present to the minds of the Northern
people ought to predispose them, even at this last
hour, to receive with gratitude the friendly offices
of any European Power that shall be generous and
chivalrous enough to help them to untie the knot
which their swords cannot cut through, and solve a
difficulty that will admit of no other solution so
little galling to their pride or so little perilous to
their future happiness as a nation.
The last battle of which a detailed account has
been received was on Monday, June 30. It is de-
scribed as the most,terrific of the series,and to have cost
the Confederates 4,000 men in killed and wounded.
They have no deserters. No estimate has been made
of the Federal loss, but it must have been at least
equal to that of the foe, and was probably superior,
for General M'Clellan had to leave his dead and
wounded in the possession of the enemy, and to
spike his siege guns and leave them on the field
after burning the carriages, circumstances that are
not consistent with any explanation save that of an
overwhelming defeat. A later despatch from Gene-
ral M'Clellan to the War-office, brought by the
Prince de Joinville, and dated on Wednesday, July
2, reported that he had made good his new position
on the bank of the James River on Tuesday July 1,
that his men had behaved splendidly, and that he
had only lost one gun. People willing to be com-
forted and to look at the bright aide of things
plucked up their spirits at this news ; Wall-street
took neart of grace, and stocks went slowly up again
though not to their former height. On -Wednes-
day, the 2d, and Thursday, the 3d, the fighting was
not renewed.

And it was while this news was fresh in the pub-
lic mind•—while every one in New York was de-
vouring the newspapers with grief and rage—some,
perhaps, not without secret joy, that the great holy-
day of the Americans was celebrated. At the time
at which I write, this memcrable day—the 4th of
July, the anniversary of national independence, the
day by which it was fondly hoped the great rebel-
lion would be crushed for ever ; the day upon which
vengeance was to be taken on the Southern leaders
and the hand of forgiveness to be stretched out to
the Southern people, has come, and almost gone.
But, alas for the pride of the north ! It has not ful-
filled any of the hopes in which its people indulged,
even so lately as a month ago, or verified any of
the prophecies which the statesmen of Washington
have not wearied of uttering for the last twelve-
month. If it did not dawn upon an overpowering
and decisive defeat, it dawned upon a costly reverse
and a sad humiliation. Did any loyal American, as
loyalty is undersood by the Federal party, asks him-
self this glorious 4th of July what the day meant?
Did he reflect that " Independence Day," as it is
called, was but the commemoration of an act of
treason that, in being successful, acquired
the high name of patriotism ? Did he re-
member that New York and the North
stand in a position similar to that occupied by
George 111, and his Ministers ; and are engaged, as
he was, in combating what is called a " rebellion,"
though not by so strictly legal a right as George
111. had to employ the word ? Perhaps not. The
people celebrated the day in the customary manner,
with parade of soldiers, with salvos of artillery,
with drum and fife, and martial music, with waving
flags, with frantic oratory, and superabundant
" Buncombe," and with displays of fireworks in the
streets and squares, for the delight of small boys and
drunken " rowdies," but to the sore annoyance of
every one else, and not less so because paid for at
the public expense, and costing 8,000 dols. How
the day was passed in the South will be known
hereafter. The Southern loaders and people no
doubt remembered that what George Washington
and his fellow-patriots were, 86 years ago, they are
now ; that as he fought they are fighting ; that
they owe no such allegiance to the Federal Power
as their forefathers owed to the King of England ;
that as Washington's great enterprise might have
failed had it not been for the aid afforded by a
foreign Power, so they also, if true to themselves,
as he was, will sooner or later receive the assistance
of Europe, or otherwise secure their independence.
This heavy and sanguinary blow to the fortunes of
the republic, though it allowed children to enjoy
the y
the day as if nothing had happened, deprived
of all heartiness in the eyes of men, and rendered
it at the best but a miserable mockery of rejoicing.
Every rocket, every Roman candle, every ca
he
4
wheel that was employed in celebrationoooo meno,fentheee
day was a burning shame, while
'
citizens of the same proud land,
lnuried, and the
dying unattended. Were the Americans
dead or dying
I on the battle-field—the dead u
a kindly and patient people, the er
st cry of
. officials who
in nodtiatagtnheiaornt
that is everywhere heard again
bring upon him and his
thwart APClellan, and so
Secretary
have used their power and influence to cripple and
na army ye
even
ne dangeryet nniihigilhattioenanfrsoemmwr.h.
Stanton and others to tremble for their necks or
esc aopf escaped,
t to feel for these who
liberty. Even as it is, and with all the toleration
are only a shade more or less corrupt than that corrupt politicians are ap
them-
selves, a heavy reckoning will yet be demanded for
the disasters of Richmond, unless General M'Clellan
should in the meantime be fortunate enough to re-
trieve them. But this is not likely. The slow en-
gineering work of the last two months has to be
done over again in a new position before Richmond
can be captured. But if the Confederate Generals
have still as much dash in them as they had on Fri-
day and Sunday last, or as General Stonewall Jack-
son had in the Shenandoah, or Commodore Ferro-
gut on the Mississippi, \PCI ellen s army may be
doomed, nOtWithetanding all the superior advan-

Cages of his new base of operations; and all his splen-
did engineering may come to naught.
The President's call for 300,000 men is highly
approved. But will it be successful in raising the
men ? Or, if raised, will the number, large as it is,
be sufficient to end the war ? Tempted by a month's
pay in advance, by a personal gratuity of 2 dots.,
and by an immediate payment of 25 doh'. on ac-
count of the bounty of 100, amounting altogether
to 40, or 18 English per man, it is possible that
40,000 or 50,000 Americans and 250,000 Irishmen
and Germans may present themselves at the re-
cruiting offices. But it will be a long time before
I such a raw and motley multitude can be converted
into an available army, or before experienced offi-
cers will be found to lead them into action. Mr.
Chase has not been consulted in the matter, Nor
was it necessary. Although before such an army
can exist, except in regimental rolls, it will cost no
less than 11,700,000 or 2,340,000 sterling—the price
of getting the men together; what signifies the
cost ? Is there not a steam printing press at Wash-
ington printing off paper dollars, night and day ?
And is it not as easy, time being allowed, to print
off 100,000,000 as it is 11,000,000 ? Were the North
in danger of invasion by the South, or were there
any real peril to the national capital, the President
would only have to ask for 500,000 or 1,000,000 of
men, with bounty or gratuity ; and they would
rise to the stamp of his foot ; but it is not quite
so certain, even with all the pecuniary induce-
ments so freely offered, that 300.000 men will
obey his summons for the invasion of the South.
The truth is, that the people are losing heart in the
war. The difficulty of subjugating the South does
not seem to impress them so vividly as it does the
Government, with the necessity of making effort
upon effort, each stronger than the one before it, to
bring it to an issue ; but, on the contrary, appears
to strengthen the idea that subjugation is hopeless,
or, if not hopeless, that it is not worth its cost,
either in blood or money. For this reason the sug-
gestion is put forward by all who are in favour of
a l'outrance that if the men cannot be raised by
voluntary enlistment, sweetened with a liberal
bounty money, it will be necessary to resort to a
conscription. It is not probable, however, that the
Government will adopt a course so hazardous. The
nation is not in danger. No Power in the world
threatens its independence. The only attempts upon
its liberty come from within, from such people as
General Butler and Secretary Stanton ; and a con-,
scription for the sake of conquest is something so
new in our day among a free people that any one
may be excused for his incredulity who refuses to
believe in it. The suggestion, however, is a sign
of the straits to which the North is reduced, not-
withstanding its late naval and military successes,
and shows how effectually it is undermining its
own liberties in the vain attempt to subjugate its
neighbours.

The great meeting of the Democratic, the pro-
slavery, or the pro-Southern party, which was held
on Tuesday evening, the Ist inst., in the large hall
of the Cooper Institute loses much of its interest after
the mighty events upon the Chickahominy ; but as
a sign of the revolution that is working in the public
mind deserves notice. The ostensible object of the
meeting was to advocate the vigorous prosecution
of the war, with a view to the restoration of the
" Union as it was," consequently with the institu-

tion of slavery re-adopted and re-affirmed in the Con-
stitution. Its real object was to express a covert
sympathy with the South. Several meetings have
been held at the same place by the Emancipation
League under the leadership of prominent members
of the Republican and Anti-Slavery Party, also with
the ostensible object of vigorously prosecuting the
war, but with this difference, that the promoters
and speakers did not desire the restoratio❑ of the
old Union, but the establishment of a new Union, a
Union as it ought to be, without slavery. All those
meetings have been thinly attended, the room never
having been more than half filled upon any occasion.
The speakers have sometimes been women, and
oftener clergymen—rarely politicians or statesmen
of any note. But the meeting of Tuesday night
was of a different character. The hall was crammed
to suffocation by men. The Sunday School element
was absent, and the overflowing candidates for ad-
mission finding it implssible to obtain entrance
constituted a meeting of their own in the open street.
The principal speaker was Mr. Fernando Wood,
ex-Mayor of New York, and brother of the Hon.
Benjamin Wood, one of the members for the city,
whose bold but undelivered speech to Congress has
only been taken up by the New York papers since
it was brought to their notice in the Times. Mr.
Fernando Wood fills in relation to the Democrats

• ___
the position held by Mr. Thurlow Weed among the
Republicans. He is the wire-puller of the party--
a kind of Coppock in elections, a sort of Secretary
of the Treasury for the dispensation of patronage,
a man to whom all the secrets of party organisation
and all its personnel are familiar, who keeps a list
of all who are to be bought and all who will buy
them ; who knows the exact price of every needy
and corrupt knave in this city, and the liberality
of every rich and ambitious Democrat who desires
to purchase their aid or their votes. If any one
could fancy that the late Mr. Coppock combined
with the anomalous functions of the office he held
those exercised by Sir Wm. Hayter, or the present
Whip of the party, and that in addition to these
he was the highly popular Lord Mayor of London
and a first-rate speaker, he would have some idea of
the claims of Mr. Wood to the attention of a public
meeting and the confidence of his party. Nobody
was listened to before he appeared. Nobody re-
ceived any attention afterwards. lie was the
great gun of the occasion and fired red-hot shot.
He was received with vociferous enthusiasm, and
pleaded the cause of the South as effectually, if not
quite so boldly as his brother, with the additional
advantage of appealing to his audience byh voice
and eve and impassioned oratory, so much
more
convincing to the multitude than the colduer.oratory
of the pen or the printing-press. The as 't
was, with the South the master of the
situation and
of the Republic, and perhaps Mr. Jefferson Davis
as next President after Mr. Lincoln—such was the
drift of Mr. Wood's argument, which most people
could understand, although none of these things,
except the first, was openly avowed or even named,
That such a meeting could be held at all, and that
it should be the greatest and most enthusiastic
meeting that has assembled in New York
since the
battle of Bull Run, are significant facts.
The Orleans Princes have either seen enough of
the war, or they have objects to serve in Europe
which render their further stay with the Federal
army inexpedient or inconvenient. Their convey-
ance of General M'Clellan's despatch of Wednes-
day, the 2d inst., is to be their last service to the
cause they espoused, and they return to England
immediately. Although
they owe no one any ex-
planations of their movements, an explanation is
eagerly sought for. Who shall give it ? The
Emperor of the French will doubtless form his
own opinions and take his own course, if' the matter
refer to him, generally , as it is supposed to do in
this country.

The report
of the. National Discount Company, to
be r-
-
t., esented on the
23d inst., recommends a dtvi• •
dend at the rate of 6 per cent. per annum.
[ADVEICTISEMENTI—HoIIoway's Ointment and ill—
Treatment.—These medicaments
boldly face
the evils they propose to remedy; local relief and general
purification progress together—the diseased portion is
cured—the foul whole is cleansed.
Holloway's Oint •
ment, rubbed on the throat and chest, exercises the most
beneficial influence over sore throats, d' iptheria and coughs,
whether resulting from catarrh, asthma, or bronchitis.
This unguent acts miraculously in arresting the extension
of sores, healing ulcerations, e •
letely :stopping all destructi:rin' g skin diseases and com-
b its excintmolglowcaauvses, c inflammation,
(cparacter, situation, duration, or
severity.
most remarkable and m intruent, aided by his Pills, gives
itchings and painful most marked relief to those irritating
mercury or latent SNyellings of the skins occasioned by
syphilitic virus. .

t:43441i0';;
, .1
Many very interesting observati, : A
by Mr. Glaisher during the hour an' • 411
hours that he was in the air on Thuralliy. 1111, e
have been favoured by that gentleman with an in=
speetion of his book, and the number of those
observations, and the large number of remarks
which it contains, all made during the short time
that the balloon was in the air, evince an amount
of industry on his pant which can only be explained
by his absolute devotion to the work which he :had
consented to undertake.
The balloon left the earth at 9_43 a.m., with the
barometer at 29.50, and the temperature 55 deg.
At 9.47 they got a temperature of 45 deg. At this
time the air was dry, and the temperature began to
decrease, till at 2 minutes after 10 it was 26 deg.
The sun was then shining on the balloon with great
brilliancy. At 3 minutes after 10, when Mr.
Glaisher and his aeronaut (Mr. Coxwell) weri3
about two miles high, they heard the strains of a
band of music. At about the same time they got a
peep at the earth, and the sight was molit plea.
Even w ith the naked eye the fields looked like a.
tessellated pavement, possessing a combination of
beautiful colours, and the roadways were as sharply
and clearly defined as though the observero had
been but a little height over them. Gazing through
the thin attenuated air at this altitude did not vres
sent the difficulties which were offered by tile
thicker stratum below. In Eve minutes the tem-
perature began to increase to 31 deg., and at a.
quarter past 10 it was 37 deg. On starting Mr.
Coswell's pulse was beating at 75 and Mr. Glaisher's
at 76, but at this time (10.15) Mr. Coxwell's had
risen to 86, and Mr. Glaisher's to nearly 100. At
this time the gas in the balloon, which previously
had :been opaque, became perfectly transparent,.
and, the neck being open, Mr. Glaisher could see
right through the gas to the top of the balloon.
The proportions of the machine were observed to be
accurate, and the netting clung tightly around it.
Here also a striking change was observed in the
. From the pale light blue
surrounding scenery.
colour of the sky below that which now surrounded
them was an intensely deep Prussian blue. The
cumuli clouds far below were very rocky in appear-
ance, and the sun was shining 'qua their surface,
The strati cloud was then at the same elevation as
the balloon. The barometer at this time read 16
inches ; and the temperature, continuing slowly to
increase, was 38 deg. at 10.30. Now the barome-
ter was reading less than 15 inches, showing that
the aeronauts were nearly four miles high. Here
palpitation of the heart was very susceptible, so
much so that each man could hear the beating
in the breast of the other. The ticking, too, of
Mr. Glaisher's watch was remarkably loud, rever-
brating like a chronometer beating upon a sounding
board, and the rustling occasioned by the turning
over the leaves of his notebook represented the rush-
ing of a high wind. At 10.35 the temperature had
increased to 42 deg., and they were at a height of
four miles. Here the air was very dry. At this
time it was remarked that the hands were dark blue,
and the lips also blue, but not the face. Now the
temperature began to decrease with wonderful
rapidity. In four minutes it was reduced to 36 deg.
and by 10.47 it was down to 31 deg. At 11.1 the
highest elevation was reached. The barometer
reading a little above 11 inches, it was evident that
the voyagers had ascended to very nearly five miles.
Here the temperature was 16 deg., and the breath-
ing, which was observed to be interfered with when
heart palpitation commenced, again became affected.
A deep blue sky was to be seen at this point, with
clouds below, and the cold was felt. At 10.57 the
feeling of sea-sickness, with its uncomfortable mani-
festations, came over Mr. Glaisher, and at 11.7 the
same feeling returned, but it was not so prolonged
in duration. Mr. Glaisher had been warned that at
this height blood would issue from the nose, that
the eyes would bo affected, and there would be a
tingling in the cars ; but in neither the case of Mr.
Coxwell or himself were either of these manifesta-
tions perceived. Mr. Coxwell only found it neces-
sary to throw on one additional coat while they were
up, and Mr. Glaisher, after wrapping a cloak around
him for a short while, soon threw it off. The fin-
gers were not benumbed, nor were either of the
voyagers uncomfortably cold. When they were be-
tween three and four miles high Mr. Glaisher sug-
gested that the balloon should make its first " dip,"
Mr. Glaisher, it will be remembered, desiring, in
order to the perfecting of his experiments, to descend
to the earth two or three times before making his
final ascent to the highest altitude; but Mr. Cox-
well, having felt certain that they were proceeding
too near to the Wash, to enable them, if they made
a dip, to get up again, the attempt was abandoned,
and the ascent to the highest elevation was made at
once. Having attained it, the voyagers, in a style
most characteristic of Englishmen, sipped at the
small quantity of sherry which they had taken with
them in order to drink to the health of the Queen ;
to the British Association, associating with
it the name of Dr. Fairbairn (its president) ; suc-
cess to the town of Wolverhampton, associating
with the toast the name of Lord Wrottesley ; and
the directors and engineer of the gasworks, with
thanks to them for kindness and attention in con-
nection with the ascent. During the "speaking,',
as indeed often before, Mr. Coxwell spoke in terms
of astonishment at the collectedness of Mr. Glaisher,
that gentleman's deportment being all that of an.
experienced aeronaut, instead of a traveller in mid
air for the first time. As we have befere remarked,
unless Mr. Glaisher bad had displayed this col-
lectedness, it would have been impossible that so
numerous and much diversified observations could
have been made as his book now bears upon its
pages. During the last mile there was the extra-
ordinary change of 26 deg. in the temperature. On
the earth, it will be remembered, it was 55 deg., at
half a mile it was 45 deg., at less than a mile it was
from
43 deg; it then decreased to 26 deg. ; at about two
miles it increased constantly till the height of four
miles was reached, when it was 42 deg.; and be-
tween four and five miles it rapidly decreased
42 deg. to 16 deg, The air was dry throughout. At
the highest elevation it Was 80 deg, below zero.
The dry bulb read 16 deg
aNt dewth e wasw e t deposited.
bulb 9deg. Reynaulvs
at zero had Lo dew ; nor had
zero. No dew could be
any dew at 8 deg, below
meters. elevation at either of the hygro-

At half-past 11 Mr. Colwell became uneasy as to
their position
in relation to the coast, and at 11 42,
when they
were above the clouds, the earth i was
visible, and the Wash in the distance. The voyagers
then brought their balloon and themselves down as
quickly as possible. In descending the shadow of
the balloon was seen on the clouds, and it continued
to increase as the clouds were neared. In passing
through the cloud the balloon could not be seen
from the car, so dark was it. It was stated that
they landed at Laegham, near Oakham. The pre-
cise spot at which terra firma was again touched
was a meadow near the boundary of the parishes of
Langham and Ashwell, in Itutlandshire.
They were seen descending by the residents in the
neighbourhood, and by Mr. E. G. Baker in parti-
cular. So rapidly were they coming down that
Mr. Baker prepared restoratives, and gave such
orders as he feared would be called for on account
1
of what be expected would be the personal injuries
which the voyagers would suffer, Happily. how-
-1 ever, Mr. Baker's kindness in this regard was
scarcely necessary, as Mr. Glaisher sustained only a
slight injury to the face and hand, the inconveni,
{,c,?i
tte:fli rapidity
:Oil
wio,d,
iui
clouds.
The once from which yesterday was merely
and Mr. Colwell escaped altogether. The instru,
meats, of' course, were consiiiera'oly injured, but not
so much so as on the last octcasion.
which the descent was made
t was
rou
to the effect upon the gas of the cold in the higher
with
altitude, and on passing down
The warmest hospitality was shown to the voyagers
by Mr. Baker, who did not lea • them till, f
NC &der-
having provided them dinner at his own table, he
had taken them in ilis carriage
_to the railway
sta-
tion,
whence they arrived at about midnight an.
Wolverhampton. The next ascent will be made
when the wind direction
has attainedwesterly
a
The balloon prallexpected, and
07ed that could be
Mr. Colwell feels satisfied that with it he can reach
an altitude of nearly six miles.

..,'"

No. 1.
BALLOON ASCENTS without a DIP-FALL
rARAcEturE PRECAUTION.
MEMO.—The " Cruelty to Animals Act" advances as a
prevention, the stoppage of these foolery association excite-
ments, without wisdom being made manifest in the case of
collapse at the over-three-mile rarification of gas within.
the balloon, as witnessed on rhursday last.
Mr. Coxwell's omission to take up with him the pure
oxygenic wax taper flame (as made by Jackson, of rieefil-
dilly), used within its vehicle " the lamp of life,"
inhalation—as other mronauts use against the 151 b. square
for nasal
inch atmospheric pressure on the lungs—accounts for the
Blue. lip'd Glaisher suffering from the descent of the hy-
drogen gas-weight circumvent in attraction.
Whence the ' clear-sight' point of expansion and absence
of fog within the motive power, ought to have evidenced,
by the blue drowning-like effects on the system, that they
were entering the Paradise " where the first pair meet,"
orW in other words, the Z-overhead region of the Whyre-
'ulfra' Hampton of EDGAR'S sister's Nip-seite--prior to
the Pha3ton-like collapse bull's run, to the Lang-ham-
lot of Oakham.
ht default of the authorities for
However I_This over-sig
prevention, on known gaseous change' at giddy heights—
as well as to man's re-aeriform-within, as a timely
cation of of the breath, for purification of the blood against any
4 Prussian blue' discolouration of the skin ' at four miles
loftiness', absence of Winged life—shows a preoedent.
. . * 24.1 Atkyus- Montague C. IA ACKERLET, Ex6c.
. • 1-2 W. Iv., xa. 54, Chamberlayne' @ie-sworn.
sit. • PETER BASQUET, Income-tax chief (1842 nnpai4 .
• China Buff wall circuit horizon of,-,London, July 21.
••:„. ar, 1862) its Monteauma'd red flag of a. Ind.-us., not in
VI: Brant's power to give up IMP. 1793 China, to Mrcy,
and cause of Captain's xi-yr support. tho' kirk- Qll'a
ministers use his veto, and mock him &c to death.
(See Sun April 19, 28, May 16, & July 1.)
" F U N "

EVERY WEEK,
ONE PENNY.

CRYSTAL PALACE.-TO-MORROW.-ALL
THE GREAT FOUNTAINS.-ONE SHILLING.

GREAT FOUNTAINS. AT FOUR, TO-
MORROW.

CRYSTAL PALACE.—TO MORROW.—The
LOFTY WATER TOWERS are placed on a hill level
with the Cross surmounting the Ball of St. Paul's Cathe-
dral. These Towers were built nearly 250 feet high for the
purpose of supplying the two centre jets on y of the large
basins. In TO-MORROW'S DISPLAY of the GREAT
FOUNTAINS these jets will be played their full height.
Country and Foreign Visitors to London should avail
themselves of this opportunity.

CANTERBURY HALL.
The renowned Performe, DEBONNAIRE and
AUG ONARD (from Paris), at Ten o clock.
Grand Selections from
" DON SERASTIEN" and " IL TROVATORE,"
Conducted by Mr. Jonghmans.
Principal Artistes—Miss
Russell, Signor Tivoli, and Mr.
TJnsworth, in his celebrated Stump Speech, " Or any other
man " the original), in conjunction with Eugene and Duley,
forming the greatest Comic Trio in London. Also the
following Comic Talent, viz, Mr. J. G. Forde, 31r. Marshall,
Mr. Hollingsworth, and Miss Georgina Smithson.
Gallery of Modern Paintings.

THE 0X F ORD,
6, OXFORD STREET.
" TPE DAUGHTER OF THE ISLES,"
a Cantata composed by H. LESLIE, Esq., and written by A.
E
MATTHISON. Esq., in honour of the Marriage of her oyal
Highness the Princess Alice, EVERY VENING
in addition to the usual entertainments, which include
operatic selections by Miss Russell, Madame Enderssohn,
Messrs. Morley, Greene, and Albert, with Full Band and
Chorus ; the Comic performances of Miss Carols Parke,
Parkes
and Mr. W. Randall, the Ethiopian odd of Rumsey,
Newcomb, Little Bob, Eugene, and Ui nsworth (the original
Flying
" or
any other man"), and the astounding feats on the
Trapeze of DEBONNA.IttE.
Hall, 6d.; Balcony and Stalls, Is. ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d.

THEATRE-ROYAL, DRURY-LANE.
Mr. D. Boucicault, sole Lessee.
This Evening, THE SPITALFIELDS WEAVER.
Messrs. Atkins, F. Robinson ; Sara Stevens. After which,
THE COLLEEN BAWN. Mr. Boucicault, 3ldme. Celeste
&c. To conclude with Commence Sat
7. IN THE DARK.

THEATRE-ROYAL, HAYMARKET.
Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Buckstone.
This Evening, THE WOLF AND THE LAMB. After
which, OUR AMERICAN COUSIN: Messrs. Buckstone,
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TRABA.NDISTA : PerCeaommenc Nena, ttc.e
at 7 And FAMILY JARS.

NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. Benjamin Webster.
This Evening, MUSIC BATH CHARMS. And THE
DEAD HEART. 31 essrs. Benjamin Webster, J. L. Toole,
; Miss Woolgar,
Commence at 7.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris.
This Evening, THE RENDEZVOUS. After which, at a
quarter to 8, ICING HENRY VIII. • Mr. and Mrs. Charles
Kean, &c. With THRICCo E MARRIED.
mmence at 7.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer.
This Evening, PEEP O'DAY : Messrs. Lacy, Falconer.
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Conclude with 'IHE COLLEEN HAWN SETTLED AT
LAST. Charles Selby and Lydia Thompson.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
Proprietor and Manager, Mr. W Batty.
This Evening, MAZEPPA : Mr. C. Mortimer. Brilliant
Scenes in the Circle by the unrivalled Troupe of British and
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Commence at 7.