The Sun.
London, England, 1862-05-16 00:00:00

PU BLICATION

NEW NOVEL BY THE HON. C, S. SAVILE.
Just ready, in 3 vole.,
WALTER L ANGLE Y.
By the Hon. C, STUART SAVILE.
Also now ready, in 3 vols.,
OWEN. By the Author of " High Church," &c.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

Uniform with "THE WOMAN IN WRITE."
Just ready, price 65., with Illustrations,
EASTL Y N N E.
By Mrs. HENRY WOOD.
*** Orders received by all Booksellers throughout the
kingdom.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.--
TIIE POPULAR GUIDE,

Price ls.

W. H. Smith and Son, 186, Strand, and the Railway Book
Stalls.

Ma. CHARLES KENT'S NEW POEMS.
Just published,
DR EA M LAN D. With other Poems.
By W. CHARLES RENT, Barrister-at-Law.
Fcap. Bvo., price ss.
" The author of Dreamlant' and Aletheia' has risen to a
height so very close to the summit of genius, that he may be
commiserated for h's inability to grapple with the last peaks
of its elevation. There is abundance of talent, a delicate
taste, an endless richness and diversity of image. topic, and
Illusion : the landscape is most luxurious • and the music of
verse excellent."—Literary Budget.
"Mr. Kent has undeniable merits—warm and high-toned
feeling, a pleasant combination of grace and humour, and no
small power to individualise. Pope at Twickenham' is a
cabinet picture. ' Marianne' will =mend itself to all
mothers by its gush of parental tr_nderness, and its acquaint-
ance with baby wiu uu mytilenCti. ' Yructidoi • .buvv. what
Dutch fidelity of word painting the author can master when
he tries. Ais fruit is as vivid and well characterised as if
Lance had painted it."—Athenmum.

"The charm of Mr. Kent's poetry, as it is the first condi-
tion of success to all poets, is that he is in sympathy with his
subject and not only with himself ; that he is truly poet and
not egotist. lint it is by no means his only merit. He is a mas-
ter of versification. The flow ce his verse is smooth and me-
lodious, and enriched with a copious and ornate vocabulary.
Shelley at Marlow' is a painting exquisitely delicate. The
vision of Shelley with which Mr. Kent presents us is almost
perfect. DREAMLAND'' is a work conceived in a noble
spirit, and executed with scholarly taste, frequently with
flashes of true poetic inspiration. ' the Dying Bridegroom' is distinguished by a genuine pathos, which leads us to be-
lieve that Mr. Kent would succeed eminently in some story
of the affections."—The London Review.
"Mr. Kent's poems come before the world with the advan-
tage, not only of an author's name, but of a name already
agreeably and musically known in the metrical literature of
the day. His `Aletheia' was very favourably received by the
public, and has no doubt been the companion of many
thoughtful readers who will gladly welcome another volume
from his pen. A series of portraits drawn with true poetic
sympathy and veneration. The best of all, we think, is that
of Scott. There is something in the lines that will remind
the reader of the chime of Scott's own verse."—John Bull.
" Verses, many of them extremely tender and harmonious,
and all indicating a mind caretuily cultured and imbued with
elegant tastes."—Daily News.
"Poems of very considerable excellence. Fructidor 'is a
very close and vigorous word-painting of an orchard. Mr.
Kent's volume is healthy and vigorous in sentiment, correct
in composition, and contains many happy touches of true
fancy, very gracefully expressed."—The Critic.
"The pictures Mr. Kent makes are carefully drawn and
effectively coloured. Ilis work is on the whole in good taste.
It possesses the undeniable, yet, in these days, rare merit of
intelligibility, and is, moreover, very readable."—The Art-
World.

"We like some of Mr. Kent's minor poems even better than
`Dreamland.' He is a real poet, unquestionably, and often
versifies with extreme felicity. Of his poetic power the
• Monody on Lord Strangford ' affords ample proof : while
his capacity to make word-music is shown in • The Morris
Dance's.' "—The Press.
ALETHEIA ; on, THE Doom OF MYTHOLOGY.
With Other Poems. By the same Author. New Edition.
Fcap. Bvo., price ss.

London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.

_ -
THE PRESENT DISTRESS IN TRADE
fully explained in J. GROSSMITR'S
" GOVERNMENT UPON FIRST PRINCIPLES."
The cause is there predicated of the monetary difficulties ex-
perienced in 1860. The Crisis is at hand. Anxiety in busi-
ness has now become the grim torture. Purity of motive.
intelligently exercised, must animate all Governments, or all
is lost, All denominations of Constitutions are carefully
examined in J. Grossmith's "Government upon First Prin•
oiples."

Kent and Co., Paternoster-row.

ORNAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library,
nd Dining-room, consisting of a new and elegant assort-
ment Di VASES, Figures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks, Ink-
stands, beautiful inlaid Tables, Paper weights, &c., in Italian,
Alabas er, , Marble, Bronze, Sr, Acc. Imported a ndParian manufactured by JAMESDerbyshire TENNANTpa, Mine-
ralogist to her Majesty, 149, Stand, W.C., London.
Mr. Tennant arranges elementary collections of SHELLS,
MINERALS, ROCKS, and FOSSILS, which will greatly
facilitate he interesting study of MINERALOGY, CON-
CIIOLOGY, Ind GEOLOGY, at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to 100 guineas
each.
PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GEOLOGY and MINE.
RALOGY is given by Mr. TENNANr, at 149, Strand, W.C.

The hill-country pnhlin, annnetnynpri to only ralna
sional overflows of brooks and the winter-flooding
of river margin meadows, can have no idea of the
dismay and consternation which have fallen upon a
large portion of the Fen population, through the
disaster to the middle level sluice. The great plain
of peat fens and marine marshes, stretching 70
miles from Lincoln almost to Cambridge, with an
area of nearly 700,000 acres, lies so low and hori-
zontal that its surface is beneath the level of the sea
at high water, though above the datum line of low
water mark. On the map it appears like an en-
largement of the great bay of the Wash ; and a
shallow inland bay it would be if the ocean were not
held out by massive barrier banks. The Ouse, Nene,
and other large rivers, bringing down the drainage
of an upland tract five times larger than the Fen
plain itself, have reached the sea level when they
enter this district, and are conducted across it (a
distance of 20 to 35 miles) between lofty embank-
ments, which give the surface of the sluggish
streams a fall of some few inches per mile. The
downfall or drain-water of the flat land is collected
and carried to the seaward channels and estiaries
in artificial cuts, issuing through sluices having
valve-doors, which exclude the rising tide, but open
when this has fallen below the head of drain-water
slands)land
in
thet he
highest whole os ft a
t t
inside. So that (excepting a few insular high
eh i so
f immensecultivation, d istr
with i i ctfrieths
crops, flocks, herds, its farmyards, innumerable
vil-
lages, and thickly-peopled towns, exists upon the
ability of its banks to withstand
the hydrostatic
pressure of high-rising fresh waters and
the assault
of stormy spring tides, and also upon the
security
of the capacious sluices which pour out its drainage
into the large tidal rivers. In the present acci-
dent of the bursting of an important sluice the
consequences are already extensive and alarming,
and the danger of most widespread ruin is becoming
painfully apparent. The site of the sluice is four
miles south of Lynn, at the junction of the middle
level main drain with the broad and deep Ouse ;
and this drain is a straight cut from the sluice 11
miles in a south-western direction to the district
of the middle level, 140,000 acres in extent,
of which it is the main artery and outfall. But the
tract of country flanking the cut for 11 miles above
the sluice does not drain through the cut, having
outfalls of its own into the Ouse, and this neutral
district is at present the greatest sufferer. Three to
four miles from the destroyed sluice, the west bank
of the cut gave way, precipitating the rapidly in-
flowing tide upon the fen land ; and though some of
the minor holes were cleverly taken or stopped up
with sacks of earth, the main breach continues open,
being on Tuesday 40 yards in width. Such is the
volume of water pouring through this gap that on
Tuesday night the extent of ground inundated was
estimated at 15,000 acres, and two tides since then
have probably spread the deluge over 20,000 acres.
The districts at present flooded are Marshland Fen,
the Smeeth, Bread and Short Fens, and parts of
Magdalen Fen and Bardolph Fen. Farmyards are
full of water, the straw floating about; barns have
been hastily cleared of grain, and, where possible,
ricks of wheat and beans are being carted to the
higher spots of ground about the Marshland vil-
lages. Here also the sheep and cattle from the
threatened or drowned fens have been collected.
Cottagers have been driven at short notice from their
homes, some moving their downstairs furniture into
the chambers ; others being able to carry off most
part of their moveables in carts, and house after
REVIEWS OF THE house is WORK, to be seen with waves lapping at the brick
"Curtis on Manhood.—This is a trulT luable work, and walls and wetting the doer-handles, while hedge
young and old ' Sunday Times,"
hould be in the hands of tops den3d Tetarch, 1856. ote the site of the garden and its submerged
"The author has conferred a great boon by publishing this vegetables. Where the flood is dee-
Utile work, in which is described the source of those diseases pollard, t the rows of
pes
which produce decline in youth or more frequently premature willow, or thorn bushes
old age."—" Daily Telegraph," Mara. 27, 1856. of gates imr
lease where en,' the top bars
and
This work, which fort enty years has stood the test of and on the outskirts_..,iosures of cropping lie ;
professional criticism and empirical hostility, treats in aplain
and sympathising. manner on the various disqualifications you see fine wh- - of the bright sheet of water
hid impediments arising from nervous excitement and de- forward - -eat crops
with their rank green flags,
; and to invalids suffering from youthful errors and yeas and beans, ridges
Condon
it win be found valuable and usetul."—Reeord. arCs but lately where the potatoes
; Published by J. &lien, 20, Warwick Lane, Pater- - planted,' fellows half re ared for
noster-row; Mann, :91 Cornhill' A Mangold and turnip Bowl P P
near' of Consultation-10 to a and oto 13! tilluairo -40 till 2 water is steadily creepingng—over all of which the
and killing all with its

THE DISCOUNT MARKET.

The activity in the discount market continues,
but there are as yet no signs that it is otherwise
than exceptional. There has certainly been no such
revival of general trade as to cause an extra absorp-
tion of money either in London or the provinces,
and the foreign loans lately contracted can have had
but a limited influence in bringing about the presen t
alteration, since such sums as have already been sent
away in connection with them have been chiefly sup-
plied by the arrivals from other places, and their
effect, therefore, has simply been to prevent a great
increase of ease which would otherwise have taken
place. If the half-million sterling which has just
been despatched by Messrs. Rothschild to St. Peter-
sburg had not been wanted for that destination, it
would have swollen the amount already in the
Bank of England, and, to the great joy of all con-
coctors of companies and of those extensive and
active classes who can never get credit when money
is at its normal rate, might have sent the terms of
that establishment down to 2 per cent. But the
mere fact that this fresh inflation has been pre-
vented will in no way account for the movement in
the opposition direction. Again, the circumstance
that, owing to the discount allowed for prepayment
on the recent loans, several millions have been
promptly paid up cannot create any actual scarcity
in the discount market until these amounts are
sent away. If the holder of £lO,OOO Egyptian
Scrip chooses to pay up all the instalments at once,
and draws a check for the purpose on Messrs. Jones
Lloyd and Co., the resnit is simply that the balances
held by Messrs. Jones Lloyd and Co., are reduced to
the extent of £lO,OOO, while these of the Bank of
England, who are the bankers to the agents for the
lose, are increased by that amount. Just as the
lending power of one bank is diminished that of the
other is augmented. So also if a prepayment on
Russian scrip is made, the check which the holder
gives is paid in by Messrs. Rothschild to their
bankers, and the operation in like manner is nothing
more than a transfer between kindred establish-
ments. In cases, however, where any large sums.
are paid to the Bank of England, as in that of the
£BOO,OOO already paid on the Egyptian loan, the
effect is produced of bringing the market rate for
money more nearly to the level of that of the Bank
of England, since the sum thus absorbed by this
establishment will not again be let out, except to
those who are willing to accede to its minimum terms.
So far, therefore, as the equalisation of the rates in
the open market with those of the Bank of England
is concerned, an explanation to some extent can
thus be furnished. As regards any tendency to a
further advance, the solution must be found-1, in
the momentary increase in the activity of the note
circulation during the days when payments on loans
or shares are in progress ; 2, in the possible desire
of the banks to act just now with especial caution
until they can better estimate the probable influence
of the foreign commitments incurred, and the
rapidity with which the sums paid will be des-
patched ; and, lastly, in the natural disposition of
the discount houses to exaggerate to their customers
the upward aspect of the market, so that for all
paper having more than three months to run, and
which is not negotiable at the Bank, they may be
able to make full charges. The question really is
whether the receipts of specie from America, Aus-
tralia, and elsewhere are likelyduring the next six
months to be sufficient to meet the artificial outflow
that our loan instalments will cause. At present,
it looks as if such would be the case, but our re-
quirements will not be limited to the loans and
schemes already brought out. There will be a
daily continuance of them to long as they can be
made to float at any premium, and meanwhile the
contingencies of the harvest and of American poli.
tics may introduce elements to control all other cal-
culations.— Times.

THE GREAT FLOOD 1N I.HE FENS.

TEA.—STRACHAN and CO.'S Strong 110,01
" Domestic" Black at as. 10. per lb.-26, Cornhill,
London, E.C.

TEA.—STRACHAN and CO.'S Fine "
Inter-
mediate " Black at 3s. Bd. per lb.-26, Cornhill, Lon
don, E.C.
TEA' STRACITAN and CO.'S Delicious
" Drawitn-,r Room " Black at 4s. 2d. per lb.-26, Com-
mit, London, E.C.
Dr. Rassall's Certificate of Purity, and a Price Current
tree on application, 26, Cornhill, London, E.C.

R. TTLVERWELL'S LAST NEW WORK,
OURSELVES.
On Spermatorrhcea, Syphilis, Stricture, Ifwmorrholds,
Gleets, Nervous Debility, Palpitation, ctc.

MARRIAGE :
Tts Expectances and Disapp- intments.
Impediments removed, and Healthy Offspring secured.
Price Is., by post Is. td. ; of Mann, 29, Cornhill ; or Author,
3, Great Marlborough-street, Oxford-street, W.
Consultations daily from 12 a.m. till 9 p.m.

Just published, Bvo, In cloth, price 55., by post free, ss. Bd.,
ON THE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT of
STRICTURES of the URETHRA; showing why they
so often appear Incurable, when in reality they might be
removed by the most simple means.
By P. B. COURTENAY, M.R.C.S.E.,
And formerly Surg-eon to the Metropolitan Infirmary for the
Cure of Strictures of the Urethra.
" This work is the production of a surgeon whose special
attention has been directed, through a long professional life,
to the treatment of strictures of the urethra. The cases
which Mr. Courtenay has given supply ample evidence of his
great discriminative power in the diagnosis of the various
kinds of stricture, and of the scientific principles upon which
their management is founded. By his systematic management
an immense mitigation of pain to the unhappy sufferers is
attained, and future mischief prevented. The work we can
most unreservedly and confidently recommend as a valuable
contribution, both to the general and professional reader, and
ought to be four d in the private study of all who are subject
to stricture."—Aledical Circular.

deep irrigation of brine. The loss of property it is
impossible to calculate—perhaps £6 to £lO an acre
for the cropping, now totally destroyed; but who
can value the whole damage, except by saying that
scores of farmers have bad suddenly swept away
every vestige of vegetable produce on their farms,
and of course have all the year's expenses to meet
with no haytime and no harvest. The greater por-
tion of occupiers of the flooded fields have other land
not likely to be reached by the salt deluge; but
nevertheless it is probable that the greatness of the
destruction will ruin hundreds of families. That
the breach will not be closed for some time is pro-
bable, because it operates as a safety-valve, reliev-
ing the drain of the incoming tides, and, by thus
diminishing the pressure, preventing more destruc
tive breaches of the eastern bank and further in-
land. Piles are being driven at the first bridge
above the sluice, with a dew of checking the iniow
of the tide and forming a dam ; but when the cut
has thus been stopped up it will only be the tidal
enemy that has been set at bay. The Marshland fens
having outfalls and steam-engines of their own, will
soon bale out the present flood ; but the cut is the
means of egress for the middle lever drain-waters
far inland to the dried Whittlesea Mere and the
foot of the Huntingdonsaire hills ; and in a rainy
season the delay unavoidable in securing a drainage
pro tent. will slowly, but not the less surely, swell the
quantity of water in main drains and ditches, and
soak and then overspread the magnificent crops now
pushing forward and altut,r,t spindling for the ear.
The rebuilding of the sluice at a cost of some £40,000
is an insignificant item in comparison with the pro-
digious sums that will be sacrified in case a wet
time should now ensue. In the year 1841 the inner
portions of the middle level were flooded owing to
imperfect drainage, the damage sustained exceeding
£150,000; and by Acts of Parliament of 1844 and
1848 £450,000 were raised by taxation of the lands
for executing the present cut, erecting the sluice,
and remodelling the entire system of drainage. The
results were so satisfactory, in giving many localities
a drainage by natural fall in lieu of costly steam and
fitfull windmill drainage, in lowering the head of
water against which the few still necessary
wheel had to throw, and in reclaiming Whit-
tlesea Mere, that the old lines of drain have been
❑eglected, the old main arteries are much choked
up, and it is now a difficult question by what
means the immense body of drain-water in the
140,000 acres is to be discharged while the sluice
is being rebuilt. In any case it seems necessary to
erect very powerful steam pumps or wheels ; and
woe be to the middle level population if a cloudy
summer should sympathise with their woes by
undue weeping. The fen districts, which are now
under water, have no claim upon the middle level
for redress ; and the latter will probably suffer with
little less severity ; and whether or not any charge
of dilatoriness or unskilfulness may be brought
home to those who had the watching and repairing
of the sluice, the existing and prospective distress
of this sudden visitation is extensive and profound
enough to receive a share of public sympathy.

THE KING OF ITALY'S VISIT TO NAPLES.

A letter from Naples, dated May 10, says
a recent letter I ventured to suggest the probable
reason of the tardy arrival of Sir James Hudson in
Naples, as also of the absence of a larger British
fleet on this important occasion. You will permit
me in my present letter to enlarge on this subject.
It is well known that the policy of France as re-
gards Southern Italy has, to say the least, been
doubtful. Fabricators of Francis ll.'s impossible
constitution at the eleventh hour, for it was all con-
cocted in the house of the French Minister, they 1
next endeavoured to oppose the landing of Garibaldi
on the coast of Calabria. At a later date they pro-
posed landing a body of men in Naples from their
fleet—a proposition which only failed through the
firmness of our Admiral. Their conduct before
Gaeta is matter of history, for all the world knows
that but for the vexatious presence and intervention
of their fleet that stronghold would have fallen
much earlier. Thwarted in every effort to embarrass
and to retard the attainment of the great object on
which every Italian is now bent, they give at last a
very modified acknowledgment of Victor Emma-
nuel as King of Italy ; but, at the same time, if they
do not sanction, they at least permit the assem-
blage in Rome of the offseourings of every country
in Europe, who cross the Papal frontier with im-
punity and keep a great portion of Southern Italy
in continual agitation. Providence has, however,
watched over the destinies of this interesting land,
great difficulties have been surmounted, and some
of its best friends, who at first had' their doubts,
now not only admit the possibility of an united
Italy, but that this is the only solution of a ques-
tiaoinnfwulheiexhpehnatsatinsn. Theolongkept Europe in a state of
p
sympathies of England
with the Italians during their long struggles are
too well known to require any additional expres-
sion, and, though it may be the fashion of some to
laugh at moral support, yet the turn which events
have taken has proved all its value. It was, how-
ever, of the greatest importance to elicit a strong
expression of sentiment on the part of the French,
and this has been dyne most effectually: They have
taken the leading part on this occasion. While we
have had not more than three ships-of-war here at
any time during the last fortnight, they have had
nine ships of the line and three Admirals. The
absence, too, of Sir James Hudson has given the
first post in the Diplomatic body to M. Bene-
detti. Nothing has interfered with the complete-
ness of the French demonstration, and the Em-
peror is now too far compromised, even if he
17n
weieasnhed to draw back from his avowed support
of Victor Emmanuel, as King of United Italy
made
eailn allthe theßay sotfroNngaperleaf.romlf iitts
washa theving
policy of our Government to bring about such a
result, it has succeeded most effectually, and, truth
to say, it is difficult to suppose that such was not
the case.

I must observe, however, that with their usual
tact the French are making the best of the circum-
stances to redeem themselves in the opinion of the
Neapolitans. The magnificent and unique spectacle
which was offered to them last Sunday night was
just the thing to dazzle the imaginations of this
people, and this week it has been seriously dis-
cussed by the French commanders whether or not
to land a portion of their men on the coast and take
them a passeggiata into the country ! The motive
given out was the health of the men, but there is
reason to believe that the whole affair was to
be a little imitation of the landing of men from
the Exmouth last year in the Bay of Castella-
mare,—a manoeuvre which, however simple, called
down the wrath of the French press. Nothing
has as yet been decide& but I repeat that the idea
has been seriously entertained this week. I have
already communicated to you the intention of the
King to establish the residence of Prince Humbert
in Naples. On very high authority I can assure
you that it was the wish of Ricasoli to send the
Prince here for six months, and that the proposition
only failed because his Majesty, influenced by those
around him, opposed whatever Ricasoli proposed. I
believe that the measure will be highly gratifying
to all classes.

There is very doubtful wisdom in much of the
charity of the Neapolitans, and an instance of it 1
remark in the distribution of '72,000 loaves by the
bankers and merchants. Six thousand were distri-
buted on the Bth, 5,000 yesterday, and the work
will go on as long as the Ring remains.
All these
things tend to break down the self-respect a.nd self-
dependence of the poor. Imagine this vast nuLnuer
of persons rushing, hat in hand, if they have ono,
to receive a morsel of bread. "Le mangio a faccia
sna," shouted a woman the other day, holding up
her loaf. Freely translated, it means " I eat 'em
and no thanks for 'em." Such charity elicits tlo
gratitude, while it ruins character. But what chs"