The Sun.
London, England, 1862-04-14 00:00:00

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THE SUN.

LONDON, MONDAY, APRIL 14, 1862.

At last the east winds have permitted ns to have
Something from Ammice—it is, however, but three
days later news. is.hme interesting facts neverthe-
less are melationed. First of all, the now celebrated
Island No. 10 holds out. A balloon reconnaissance
estoblithed the fact that the shells had been fired
at it from too prudent a distance—a mistake which
is, of course, remedied. The Confederate steamers
belonging to the defence were, however, endea-
vouring to escape, which looks as it the island were
not likely to hold out long.
The Nashville, of which our Southampton Merida
know so much, instead of being burnt, as reported,
at Beaufort, has langb ed at the blockade and slipped
past two armed blockading ships in the night by
her superior speed. The belief is that, as she can
do little now by privateering, she is about to turn
herself into money at Nassau, New Providence, in
the Bahamas, and in that form contribute to the
Confederate cause. The New York press are
furious at her escape, and the Secretary of the Navy
is soundly abused for placing only two vessels to
watch her. The Americans cannot forget the
burning of the Harvey Birch. It was a wanton
piece of barbarism, yet we are afraid the precedents
of all nations would justify it.
The Monitor and the Merrimac have not yet met
again. Onr curiosity is not even now satisfied as
to the nature of the injury sustained by the latter.
Vae accounts received about her are from two
deserters and two " contrabands." According to
them she looked very mach used up when she got
btt6l to Norfolk, and had evidently had the worst
(if ;it was admitted that she had found her match
in the Monitor. The contrabands assert that the
Commander, BUCHANAN, the lieutenant in command
'on the Sunday, and seven seamen, had died, and
that many were
wounded. The vessel herself was
so much injured, that she had six feet of water in
her, and the fires
Were extinguished soon after she
got away from the Monitor ; they feared she "would
sink before the extra
pampa could be got into her,
:and at last she was takers in tow
by six steamers.
Altogether, it seems as if the
Monitor's 180 lb shot
had told, and that the injury „as
not merely that
of crushing in her bows by the impact of her beak
on the Monitor. She is now thoroughly repaired,
-strengthened, and the Jamestown and
orktown
have also been strengthened, to accompany her
in
another visit to Hampton Roads. The " little Moni-
tor," Lieut. JEFFRIES commander, stands out in the
Roads, with steam hp, ready at any time for 'ale 1
Herc, it is quite possible!, we may
I-con have another story for the House of Commons
to discuss 'after Easter; the second round of the
Monitor and the Meirimac. At present the Moni-
tor unquestionably has the belt.

We hear nothing further of the movement of the
main body of the army of the Potomac down to
Fort Monroe, there to settle accounts with Norfolk,
or toinare
a up between the hives and York Rivers
to Richmom, or both. It will be remembered that

.

by the last arrival wit learned that Mr. RUSSELL
himself was hurrying off with the army in this
direction. On the other side of Washington, in
the direction of Harper's Ferry, the Confederates
who had been repulsed by General BANKS beyond
Strasbourg were boldly venturing up to the Federal
camp and pitching shells into it ; this was done
by only a small body, but the Federals could not
manage to cut them off. On the Lower Potomac
also, the Confederates were sufficiently active to
prevent their opponents from doing much mischief
by landing. Two boats' crews who landed to seize
some abandoned artillery had to decamp, having
but very partially succeeded. Thus the summary
appears to be, that on the Mississippi at Island No.
10; at Strasbourg near Harper's Ferry; on the
Lower Potomac, and at Norfolk, so far as repair-
ing the Merrimac goes, the Confederates are holding
their own. For how long, we must look to an-
other mail to tell us.

The doings in Congress are not of a very hopeful
character. The Compensation Message of Mr.
LINCOLN, for which we were willing to give him
all the credit we honestly could, still meets with
opposition in the Senate; and the Kentucky Legis-
lature has passed a resolution, by a large majority,
against even entertaining the question of emancipat-
ing the slaves by pecuniary compensation. Neither
do we hear anything whatever of the bill for
abolishing slavery in the little district of Columbia,
where Congress reigns supreme. Free State Ameri-
cans must therefore forgive us in England, if we,
even now, cannot feel that interest in their side
of this fearful quarrel, which we should instantly
do if they showed the least concern for the rights
of the negro. So long as we see only extreme
reluctance to do justice to the slave, and no con-
cern for anything but to restore the territorial
vastness of their loosely-jointed Republic—so long
Englishmen will care little whether the North suc-
ceeds or not. On this side the water, indeed, if
slavery be not abolished, we have a strong suspicion
that it would be better for America herself, and for
the world, that the South should achieve its inde-
pendence. That it would be better for English
commerce we have not a doubt.

On the fundamental question of money, nothing
has yet been done. The GoveTnment is still living
on its incontrovertible paper. The tax bill seems to
linger in the House, as if it were never to be passed.
It will when passed, if pass it ever does, make the
tax-collector a universal visitor—the items under
discussirm by this last account were " gas, coal, oil,
gro-und mustard, sugar, gunpowder, printers' ink,"
&c. Coffee and tobacco of course, but also "ready-
made clothing, hats, caps, hoop skirts, &c. three
per cent., and umbrellas and parasols, five per
cent." The latter taxed most heavily, we may sup.
pose, because by preserving the former they lessen
their consumption. The question with a Yankee
in a shower of rain, or of his wife when the sun
would cause colours to fade, would be whether it
was good economy to protect an article taxed only
three per cent., by another which had paid five.
But what a taxed people will the Americans become
whenever the war is over ! Everything eatable,
drinkable, or wearable will be taxed—first, directly;
secondly, by protective duties in favour of native
manufactures ; and thirdly, by those duties being
demanded in specie, when the inconvertible paper
is at a discount, perhaps a heavy one. America
may have vast recuperative energies, but taxation
and protection together must almost paralyse them.

The enormous amount of the subscription raised
so spontaneously and so immediately for the relief
of the sufferers from the accident at Hartley has
hardly occasioned any surprise. During those six
anxious days in which the fate of the miners re-
mained doubtful, the heart of the whole nation
vibrated with one emotion of agonised suspense.
From the highest to the lowest one unanimous sen-
timent pervaded all. Every hand would have been
eagerly proffered to lend its assistance, if possible.
Unhappily we could do nothing. We could
only wait. When the sad result became known,
it appeared only natural that the highly-wrought
sympathies of the community should find a vent in
the only way practicable to them—in the melan-
choly consolation of providing for the widows and
orphans of the doomed men. Hence the £75,000
so plentifully poured forth occasioned, as we have
said, little surprise. Another practical benefit
should, however, result from the recently excited
popular enthusiasm. As THOMAS HOOD, the Poet
of the Poor, so emphatically sung—

" Evil is wrought
By want of thought,
As well as by want of heart I"

A multitude of evils exist and accumulate from day
to &Ay only because their very existence is unknown
or unrecognised, until some" great fact," like this
recent calamity, awakens and directs public atten-
tion.v We and, for instance, on the authority of
ter 'MAJESTY'S Inspectors of Mines that, in the min-
mg districts,' there are hundreds of isolated acci-
dents which prove fatal every year, against
which no provision is made for the widows and
children, and ten times the amount of suffer-
ing, for the relief of which only the scanty
pittance of the parish can be doled out."
In the ten years following 1851, it appears that
the number of lives lost in working coal gives a
fearful total of 8,436; in the year 1861 alone the
number sacrificed was 1,109. Such an amount is
truly appalling and almost incredible ! Shall we,
then, content with our abundant liberality to-
wards the comparative few who have suffered
at Hartley, fold our h ands and leave
this greater and, alas ! this continuous evil
unprovided for ? It is our duty, and an inevitable
one, to repair, as much as may be, a calamity
already incurred ; but it is a duty as important
and as inevitable to avert, if possible, the recur-
rence of similar and impending afflictions.
With this praiseworthy object—an object emi-
nently deserving of public sympathy—in view, the
President of the National Association for tkz
Benefit of British Miners has addressed a letter to
the public appealing for assistance. lie
envoi
" The National Association has beer, -formed to atnetiorate
the moral and physical ccluftion of the miners, It will
comprise within its responsibilities a 'consideration of the
appliances of scielce in relation to its capability to prevent
operations ; education as a means to
aP'dthbe sane
es
emucl
miningbyencouraging a proper sense of the duties
which attach to persons holding positions of trust, upon
whom are dependent many lives, and by making the great
mass of the mining population aware of the dangers to
which they are exposed, as well as a relief fund, to be raised
by contributions from the public, from mine owners, and
from the operatives themselves.

It is estimated that 300,000 of 'out countrymen are en-
gaged in mining operations in the United Kingdom.

Per annum.
The small subscription of one penny per week
from each Would realise .. .. £65,000
There are 3,009 collieries in the United King-
dom ; :say each colliery owner subscribed
°I":19 £lO a year, and we get .. • • 30,000
Assuming that the public subscribe annually
It is
be established
one.tenth of the Hartley Fund, and
Nye get 7,000
would willin •• •• •• •
schools•
• •
, moreover proposed that schools should
he'd, topwhich many of the miners
gly subscribe : we assume one-
fourth only of the w,
uole 75 000 one penny
each per week,.... "

_ ......................... 16,250
Giving a total of
e ... ......v ........ £118,340
or •awvoeuld prove amply sufficient
an amount that it is belie
to provide permanently f
e of accident arising
in mines ; for those incapacitatLefas,
?zivforking by age or
: Whose husbands
riainfirfaitt
jaye;rBfonravtheep widhoedws
iraind _
th:
"u'ue elivicatiou for all,

together with such appliances as science can bring to bear
for the safety and benefit of the mining population."
The various items above calculated on might pro-
bably require mature consideration and possible
revision ; but the association itself is one that emi-
nently deserves support, and it will, we trust, meet
with due encouragement. An isolated act of public
generosity has been nobly carried out. It remains
for us to substantiate that generous emotion into
an abiding monument that may attest not the
ebullition of an impulsive sentiment, but the endur-
ance of a Benevolent Principle.

Our Foreign Secretary has not been long in
meeting the complaint of Mr. HENNESSY, one of the
POPE'S junior counsel in the House of Commons—
that it was not usual to quote from despatches not
before the House. Our readers may find time to
glance at them to-day—and they will see what
contemptible tales have have been trumped up to
gull such willing dupes as Messrs. BOWYER, and
the rest of the special pleaders for enslaving
Romans and filling Southern Italy with brigandage.
We might well wish the credulity had stopped with
gentlemen of this class in the House of Commons,
but the credulity of Lord DERBY finds its exposure
also in these papers,—a credulity doubtless arising
less from love to the POPE, than from party spleen,
and from the desire to deliver in time a party
manifesto to the electors of Longford. That purpose
it effectually served—and the electors responded to
the DERBY declaration of sympathy with the POPE'S
brigands (for this was what it all came to) by
sending the hero of Spoleto to the House of Com-
mons, to take his place among the independent
Liberals ; there to vote for the ballot and all the
points of the Liberal creed, but also to vote against
Lord PALMERSTON and the Government, in every-
thing.

In the first of these papers Mr. Consul BONHAM
on the 14th of January reperts from Naples on the
excellent crop of the staple agricultural produce of
the country and the general quiet. In the next
he describes, on 10th of February, a public dew
monstratien directed against the temporal power
of the POPE. He sends not only his own account,
but an inclosure from a Neapolitan journal, and
the two show pretty plainly, what not only Ro-
mans, but the Neapolitans really think of the
POPE and his Cardinals. Mr. BONHAM says—
" There can be no doubt the feeling of this people
is daily becoming more and more hostile to the POPE,
whom they are learning to look upon as the chief
opponent of the settlement and tranquillit of the
country. In Sept., 1860, Padre GAVAZZI first
preached in the Palace-square in this city against
the Pope Kock, and his remarks were received
with applause; since that time the feeling then
aroused has continued to gain strength, and the
supporters of the temporal power have greatly
diminished. Nothing could be so detrimental to
the influence of the Papacy, whether in its spi-
ritual or temporal character, as being constantly
quoted and looked upon as the one principal
obstacle to the prosperity and consolidation of
Italy."

Cardinal ANTONELLI had written, "If the Holy
Father bas broken with the Cabinet of Turin, he
finds himself in excellent relations with the Italian
people." To this the response was that, after the
meeting, a protest was signed by thousands, in
which occur the following passages :
" Down with the Pope King I" " Long live Rome, capi.
tal of Italy 1" The Italian people, jealous guardians of its
dignity and of its sacred rights, protests strongly against
the words of Cardinal Antonelli, and declares :

1. That the above-named cardinal is guilty of calumny
against the nation.

2. That the Italian people is one with the Government
in wishing all Italy to belong to the Italians, and in over-
throwing the greatest obstacle to our unity—the temporal
power of the Popes.

3. And that it will cease to fight against the Popedom
only when Italy shall be recognised in Rome, its legitimate
capital.

Surely Lord PALMERSTON was warranted in tell-
ing the members for Rome that those were the
worst enemies of her spiritual authority who coun-
selled him to no surrender of his temporal rule.
Next we have the official statement of Sir J.
HUDSON, confirming all we hear from other sources
as to the implication of the POPE and his Govern-
ment with the Brigandage in Southern Italy, and
pointing out that it may compel the Piedmontese
Government to risk measures which might light
the flames of war throughout Europe. Speaking
also of the meeting at Genoa of the delegates of
the "patriotic Italian associations," to which
GARIBALDI sent a kind of proclamation, Sir J.
HUDSON, after mentioning the advantage of open
meetings, as compared with dark conspiracies,
says :

" The danger, then, is not in the meeting, but in
the great political fact of the continued occupation
of Rome by foreign troops, when the necessity for
that occupation has absolutely ceased ; and this
danger will be by so much the more augmented by
the fact that brigandage, which has cost the lives
of many an honest conscript and good soldier, which
has widowed some and beggared others, which is a
heavy pull upon the public purse, and which is the
more detested because it would be suppressed it it
were not covered by the presence of foreigners, and
concocted and carried on by foreigners, and com-
posed mainly of the scum of foreign society, is once
more restored, reorganised, and flourishing in that
very city which the entire Italian nation claims as
their common capital." If there could be any doubt
of the veracity and knowledge of regular newspaper
correspondents, these offi3ial statements place beyond
doubt the true character of the brigandage, for
which the POPE and the French are responsible.

A considerable portion of the papers is occupied
with the correspondence relative to the proclama-
tions in which Lord DERBY discovered such an
excellent " mare's nest." It set Ms the Piedmontese
authorities sought in vain for Lord DERBY'S Gene-
rat FANTONI. At last they thought of a Major
F?,NTONI. lie had drawn up something like the
prowamation, and had it printed ; but on showing
it to his generol, it Was immediately set aside. A
pilfered copy was sent to the Armenia at Turin, so
that the splendid discovery of the ex-Premier was
of a foolish paper, written by a subordinate, refused
by his superior, and stolen for insertion in an Op-
position paper ! It was afterwards found that a
Colonel BRIANZA had suggested the proclamation
to the major—the colonel was requested to resign.
We have next the story of the FUMEL procla-
mation. It seems he does not belong to the army,
and had no authority whatever to issue the fierce
proclamation which bears his name: It seems to
have been a device got up to frighten the brigands
—but generally with regard to the treatment of
the brigands by the troops, Mr. BormAm remarks :
—Doubtless the utmost exasperation exists on the
part of the troops towards the brigands; it cannot
be otherwise. The latter put to death, with exces-
sive cruelty any one of the troops who has the mis-
fortune to fall into their power—cut off the musta
chios and chin-tufts off their victims, and wear them
as ornaments in their hats. Having such trophies
it is not possible to suppose they can expect or re-
ceive quarter when they on their part fall into the
To these are added detailed
accounts
f ot the eother troops:'
cru
cruelties and atrocities. Amongst
other things we have a true account of the inter-
ment of the Archbiehop.of Amax; in regard to,