The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-03 00:00:00

STAMPED ....51

The following letter of M. Kossuth appeared in
the Italie of Aug. 31 :
" I was informed, some time ago, that General Gari-
baldi was about to address an appeal to Hungary to take up
arms.
" The deplorable complications into which Italy has just
been plunged render but too evident the extreme inoppor-
tuneness of such an appeal.
"Reposing, thee, on the good sense of the Hungarians—
a good sense which is habitual to them, as is their courage
—I thought that I might pass over in silence this inconsi-
derate step of the illustrious general, although I was pro-
foundly astonished at it.
"I have, however, received from Hungary itself intelli-
gence that my compatriots have been induced to believe this
call to war of General Garibaldi was given to them with
my consent and approbation.
"I cannot but attribute this abuse of my name to the
manwuvres of the Court of Vienna. It is not the first time
that its busy agents have abused it in order to cause the
Hungarians to engage in desperate emeutes. Austria acts
in this manner at all times when feeling herself free from
any danger of an attack from without she considers herself
sure of being able to repress any such movement.
" I am not astonished, therefore, at beholding her active
agents lay hold of the proclamation of General Garibaldi;
for much as Austria fears a combined action by Italy and
Hungary, she would be more pleased at seeing an isolated
insurrection break oat in Hungary at a moment in which,
in consequence of regrettable dissensions, Italy, trembling
on the verge of a civil war, would not only find herself com-
pletely paralysed, but what is worse still, placed in danger
of engaging in a conflict with the conqueror of Magenta
and Solferino.
" Thus, the abuse of my name which has just been men-
tioned to me, imposes on me the duty of cautioning against
a fatal error those political friends who do me the honour
to confide in my guidance, and obliges me to declare
openly that not only am I a perfect stranger to the appeal
to arms which General Garibaldi has addressed to Hun-
gary, but that I entirely disapprove of it in the most posi-
tive manner as supremely inopportune and inconsiderate.
" What a moment has the general chosen for making
this appeal. Is he at war with Austria, and at the head of
forces which he commands, whatever they may be ?
" If this were the case, I could approve or disapprove
of his enterprise, according as he was acting in concert or
otherwise with his chivalrous King ; but in any case I
could understand his logic if he had said to Hungary, ' I
combat with Austria; combat with her also on your side.'
"But Garibaldi is far from being at war with Austria.
His war cry is 'Rome or death It is with the cry of war
that 'he defies the authority of the patriotic King of Italy,
puts his country in disorder, arrests its organisation (which,
alas I was only too slow in its progress), embroils its
finances, compromises its future, risks the horrors of civil
war, and all for war ? To bring about a collision with the
Emperor of the French—a collision which would inevitably
involve the ruin of Italy. The cry of Rome or death l' if
it signifies anything, signifies war with the Emperor of the
French, since he it is, and not Austria, who mounts guard
at the Capitol.
"Such is the conjuncture which the situation presents
to us in support of the appeal to arms addressed to Hun-
gary. The reasons for making this appeal may be thus
summed up Since the Montenegrins are fighting with
Turkey ; since the relations of the Servians and the Turks
are inimical, I (Garibaldi) propose to embroil myself with
my King and the Government of my country in order to
embroil them with France, and then the moment will have
arrived when Austria will have nothing to fear either from
the Turks, the Montenegrins, the Servians, the Italians, or
from France—then will be the precise moment for you,
Hungarians, to attack Austria, for, happily for your glory,
she will then be prepared to receive you warmly, not being
engaged upon any side; more than all, I (Garibaldi) have
taken care to put forth my proclamation.'
" We may admire the singularity of this reasoning ; but
we ought not to be astonished that Hungarian good sense
prefers waiting for the moment when Austria shall be
engaged or in danger of being engaged on some point ; or
at least, until some European conjuncture may present
Hungary with the possibility of arming and ranging her
forces in order of battle. Every patriotic Italian must
rejoice at this determination. I know betterthan any other
person that Hungary is decided on profiting by the first
occasion of freeing herself from the domination of Austria.
" If the Hungarian nation thinks herself able to engage
alone in a supreme struggle, without regard to exterior
conjunctures, I am ready to partake her risks and her
perils. But in such a case, as she will act without any
support from abroad, honour and my conscience tell me to
leave with her the responsibility of the resolution and the
choice of the moment.

" If, on the contrary, it is intended to drive to arms the
Hungarian nation by excitement from abroad, I do not
hesitate to declare that it does not belong to any person,
and still less to any foreigner, however highly he may be
placed, to rouse up a nation without offering it a support
which, joined to the resolution of the nation itself, would
promise a reasonable chance of success. And what is it
that General Garibaldi has offered to the Hungarians
proclamation.

Such a policy is not mine. My nation knows woll that
I shall never cease to labour for the deliverance of my
country ; but she knows also, and I repeat it in the most
solemn manner, that neither the impatience of exile, nor
the irreconcileable hatred of Austrian domination, will
ever induce me lightly to cause the shedding of the blood
of my compatriots, or to risk the future of my country.
KOSSUTIF.
"Lausanne, Switzerland, August 8."

21-1 E GARIBALDI-ANS IN NAPLES.

(From the Times' correspondent.)
NAPLES, Arm. 28.
Instead of an account of stirring events, you get
to. lay a chapter of personal adventure:, Which,
however, gives a true picture of the state of Naples,
We arrived here on Tuesday, in the afternoon,
and driving to cur hotel saw on every corner the
bill putting the town and all the sixteen provinces
of the late kingdom in a state of siege. I sought
for my letters, found them at one of my friends'
who lives out of town on the way to Posillippo, in
his marine villa, and returned late at night, not
aware that in the meantime the police had had a
scuffle with the people, which had led to bloodshed.
Yesterday I wrote my letters, and was just about
to drive to the port to reach the steamer in time,
when I entered for a moment Mordini's room to
ask him whether he was going with me. A police-
man was seated in his room, of whom I had taken
no notice, until Mordini told me that he was ar-
rested. I took leave, and was about to open the
door, when I was told by another policeman, just
stepping in, that I too was a prisoner, his orders
being explicit to arrest the two members of parlia-
ment, Mordini and Fabrizzi, and to detain any per-
son who should happen to visit them. I began to
laugh at the strange event, wrote down my name
as that of a casual visitor, offered the police agent
cigars, which he seemed to enjoy, and waited for
the development of the adventure. Having re-
minded Mordini that his colleague Brioschi, Under
Secretary of State for Public Instruction, was
lodged in the same hotel, he dropped a line to him,
which the delegate of public safety promised at
once to deliver. After a while Fabrizzi too entered,
when not less than six carabinieri suddenly made
their appearance, and the delegate declared that he
had orders to convey them both to the Castel Nuovo,
one of the Bourbonic state prisons, which so pic-
turesquely rises on a small peninsula in the centre
of the shore of Naples. The two members of par-
liament appealed to their inviolability guaranteed
by the constitution ; the delegate said he had to
fulfil his orders. Alordini and Fabrizzi then drew
up a protest against this arbitrary infraction of the
constitution, took leave of me, and were carried
away, whilst I had to wait for the decision of the
Qumstor (chief of the police) as regarded me. I
told the delegate I pitied him for the position in
which he stood. "It is indeed shameful," he
said ; " under the B ourbons I myself have been in
prison, three of my sisters were killed by the
Swiss in May, 1848, my father's house was
pillaged, and now I have to arrest gentlemen for
whom I feel the deepest respect." In about half
an hour another delegate arrived telling me I
was free on condition of my leaving Naples at
once, and being conducted to the steamer by an
agent of the public force, This exactly met my
wishes, and with great pleasure I consented to be
conveyed on board the General Abbattuci. Installed
in my cabin, the delegate said he had orders to
watch me up to the moment of the departure,
but if I promised not to return to town he would
leave me at once. I promised him, of course, to
remain in my cabin, and he went away_ Soon came
the steward, telling me that the greatest conster-
nation reigned on board—the ship had been seized,
then released, the captain minutely questioned
about every detail of Garibaldi's passage to Calabria,
the carabinieri were again coming. The passengers
were in the meantime arriving, and presently my
delegate likewise made his appearance; for, feeling
some scruples about my good faith, he had returned
once more to keep his eyes on me. At two o'clock
the screw began to revolve, the delegate went away,
but in a few seconde the steamer was stopped once
more, the delegate, with a large force of carabinieri,
came again on board, the passengers were identified,
and had to go on shore ; the steamer got orders to
go to the military port, the captain was arrested,
and I was conveyed to the queestura. I had to
wait for about an hour until the Secretary of Police,
Signor Amore, made his appearance to question me
about my name, occupation, the object of my visit
to Naples, and about all I had seen during the last
few days. Having a letter from the Minister Mat-
teucci in my pocket, I could easily justify myself
about my loyalty. I told him I was the correspon-
dent of the Daily News, and if he waited for a few
days he would read the most detailed account about
all I had seen and heard. He treated me with the
greatest civility, excused himself repeatedly, put
my answers on paper, and inquired particularly
about the conduct of the two Government frigates
in the port of Catania. I could not help telling
him that I did not understand the strange policy of
the Government ; they put Sicily under blockade
when Garibaldi had left the island; they arrested
the steamer which had conveyed the Garibaldians
to Calabria on her return to Naples, or the way to
Genoa, and they detain me here, where they believe
me to be dangerous, at the moment when I am
leaving for Turin.
I was conducted to one of the offices on the first
floor, with the 'intimation that I was the padrone
during my detention, which would not last long.
I got a good dinner and a bad camp bed, with the
permission to write letters, receive friends if I had
any, and take a walk along the corridor ; in fact, I
could do and order whatever I pleased. I had ac-
tually the intention to make use of my privileged
position as a prisoner of state, and after a while
asked the policemen who were on guard for a glass
of water. Upon being rather rudely told that the
man who sells the water was to come later, I as-
sumed an attitude of command, and desired the
gagster or his secretary to be called. Two dele-
gates hastened to me to inquire what I wished for.
I told them I wished to see their chiefs. The secre-
tary came, and excused himself, when I told him
required him to teach his subordinates politeneseca
the interest of the government, which has no over
title to the kingdom of Naples than the goodo:ted
the population, and so on. He then comae °.
had
to me the report he had drawn up about id
explained
j„P' for
o such
told him in my first interview, but IP!otested
against the too humble and anti-GariXidian tone
inwhich he had couched my words.
to me that such was the proper ety a
and
Prmised to
document, but I remained firm, 011
alter it.
ada the acquaintance
To-day, after breakfast, I fai
was a late Garibal-
cce in the regular
of my fellow-prisoners. Thaerepted
bee:eeen months for having
given in his resignation
dian surgeon, who has
army, detained alreadyiev,,'
when
ordered to proceed
oun_
g man of good family,
to Alessandria ; aleff:r;eilles, and suspected of hay_
and the Pope. There
just returned fro.easotion
with the French legitimists
ing had comelunge ex-King
bean arrested during the
conspiring with
„ monk, who had s
arrested
influence
had
had killed a friend of his and
withathe
°pale ionedjee:
;1.0 he
y Lastly, there was the father
erer, scuffle of wh
of a Inaj
hacked ,h corpse to pieces in order to hide it. In
another svi g
of the
Queatura is M. Lagros, the
President of the Garibaldian Association, arrested a
fortol • ht ago, but his arrest being anterior to the
g
state of siege he had appealed to the Court of
justice, and was found not guilty of any crime
against the State. Accordingly he is to leave us in
the course of the day. The day before yesterday a
M. Calliehio was likewise here, seriously wounded
by the police. His brother, a capo popolo—that is
to say one of
been the leaders of the Lazzaroni— having
arrested, he sought to rescue him; in the
scuffle which ensued he got a ball in his neck, a
passer-by was seriously wounded, a boy killed, but
the capo popolo fled. The wounded man lay in one
of the offices of the Qumstura, next door to my
room, above an hoc' -without being able to get a
glass of water or medical aid; but the Garibaldian
surgeon tried to stop the blood with his handker-
police took notice of him.
chief before the

I made friends with the guards—one of them is
an ex-Garibaldian, another a Venetian exile. Both
were deeply affected by the position in which they

TURIN, AUG. 30.
You will have received on Saturday, at the same
hour as the news reached the Bourse in this city,
the telegraphic despatch to the effect that Garibaldi
was defeated, wounded, and a prisoner, and doubt-
less you received this sad news with emotions dif-
ferent from those which were expressed by a rise of
two francs in the funds. Garibaldi, it appears, had
occupied the position of Aspromonte, but as tilke
regiments sent in pursuit approached he abandoned
it by a skilful movement, and the pursuers lost all
trace of his whereabouts. Col. Pallavicini, of whom
I will speak more particularly, w ith a picked bat-
talion of Bersaglieri, whom he had led to victory
more than once before, divining at a glance that
Garibaldi could not have gone on to a point which
was already occupied by a strong force of the royal
troops, turned sharp round, and marched rapidly
back. He was not mistaken. Garibaldi had re-
occupied the position at Aspromonte, six hours be-
fore, with about 2,000 volunteers. The royal force
consisted of 1,800 Bersaglieri.
Col. Pallavicini sent one of his aides to Garibaldi
to enjoin him, in the name of the King and of the
law, to lay down his arms, with an intimation that
he had orders to use force to make the law respected_
Garibaldi returned an absolute refusal. Thereupon
Col. Pallavicini, although his soldiers were fatigued
by the forced march, and had only had a halt of 40
minutes, gave the word, and his battalion, divided'
into three close columns, marched at the double
upon the volunteers, who held their ground reso-
lutely. When the regulars came up the Bersaglieri
fired a few shots, then charged the position with the
bayonet, and a terrible melee ensued. Garibaldi
evidently sought for death. His son fought with
extreme courage and tenacity, and was wounded in
the leg. Garibaldi received a sword and a bayonet
wound. Three officers of the Bersaglieri were
wounded. Meanwhile a battalion of the 4th of the
line came up, but only in tiro to Prevent the volun-
teers from dispersing whey they saw that Garibaldi
and his son Menotti were already wounded and pri-
soners. It only remofued for them to lay down
their arms.
put on board an English
vessel and con,
„fed to England or America. Such,
that he would
Garibaldi askedwcaosbe
his request. Colonel Palla-
I can assure 719111
apply for orders from vicini replied
the Goverment. These orders, after a council of
Ministeo, were that the General should be con-
zzia. N
to Spe
veyed o more than this is known
certain.
here as It is vaguely reported that 200
vo/unteers are wounded and 10 killed. Further
despatches are expected.
M. Thouvenel, on receipt of the news by tele-
graph, sent back immediately his congratulations
"on the valour and fidelity of
of which the Imperial Government had never
doubted."

The King received the news with a mournful
seriousness, which too plainly showed how deeply
he Was grieved by the sad necessity imposed upon
him. After reading the despatches he went into
the country, returning late to preside over a Cabinet
Council.

Colonel Pallavicini is a man a little under forty
years of age, a cadet of a noble family of Ceva, a
little town in the province of Mondvi. He is one
of those men in whom war is an instinct. He has
fought some ten duels, and has received four wounds
in battle. He is covered with orders and decora-
tions for services in Lombardy, the Crimea, at
Acona, and at Gaeta. He is immensely esteemed
by his men, and their trust in him is unbounded.
I hear he is promoted to the rank of general.

It is rumoured that the French Government will
presently declare that it has given the Pope amp is
time to provide for his own security, and that the
French garrison will leave the Papal States and
return to France six months hence.

It is difficult to repress one's emotion sufficiently
to form conclusions as to the good or ill that may
ultimately result from this melancholy conflict.
Garibaldi had been seduced into engagements
from which it was not in his indomitable nature to
recede. Love and hate both urged him on. It
may be that this untoward action may bear good.
fruit in the Southern provinces, if it removes a pre-
text for disorder, and increases the prestige of the
army. On the other hand, it exposes the King
to panful and, I am sure, unmerited imputations.
Certain it is that the Party of Action left Garibaldi
with no more than two thousand ineffective volun-
teers—to represent the people of Italy

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