The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-29 00:00:00

faith required they should not be broken eff, and
pressly disclaiming any wish on the part of the
British nation to force any dynasty on is reluctant
people. The chief miAske, say: Sir Archibald
Alison, cooatuitt:al by Lord Castlereagh was lie
concurrellee in the monetary changes,
produced so much suffering in 1819. This is the
more remarkable, as he had vigorously and sliccess.
fully opposed the fatal proposition of the Bullion.
Committee in 1810, recommending the compulsory
resumption of cash payments within two years.
The report was dated June 8, 1810, and the first
debate on it took place May 15, 1811. Had the re.
commendation of the committee, says the historian,
been adopted on the first occasion", the
crash would have came in England when Welling•
ton was preparing to commence the Salaananca,
campaign, and Napoleon's forces were converge
nag towards the Niemen for the invasion:of Russia;
if, on the second, it would have come on the eve of the
triumphant march of the English general to Vit-
toria, immediately after the battle of F.Jittleh, and
just before the armistice of Pleswitz; -" W 9 have
only," he goes on to say, "to figure the monetary
crises of 1825, 1838, 1847, and 1857 happening on
any of these occasions to form a conception of. what
must have occurred if the recommendation Of the
Bullion Committee liad been carried into effect."
The author justly observes, in another plade; that
by Lord Castlereagh's establishment of a paper
currency, guaranteed by the allied Powers in
1813, he provided the necessary funds for the
gigantic armaments then afoot, and had the same
wise and enlightened system been followed' after
the peace under proper safeguards against undue
extension, there can be no doubt that the general
distress and discontent would have been averted.
We have not spoken of the memoir of Sir
Charles Stewart, afterwards the late lamented
Marquis of Londonderry. His public career
is closely associated with that of his brother,
and it is not often that two such near relatives
acquire contemporary distinction, the one in the
field, the other in the Cabinet. Sir Charles
Stewart's communications from the seat of war
were often of great value to his brother, for his
sagacity enabled him to makethe most of his oppor-
tunities of observation. He was one of the first to
maintain that Elba would be no lasting resting
place for the ambition that had set the world on
fire. His descriptions were often so animated and
brilliant that their authorship was attributed to
others with more leisure, but their authenticity has
been proved by the discovery of the original letters.
He was mainly instrumental in forcing on the reluc-
tant Bernadotte and his Swedes—always two days
march behind the front rank of the allies. His
official career ended with his brother's melancholy
death; but his sphere of utility was not closed, for
on his marriage with the heiress of Sir H.
Vane T
Tempest, her large estates came under
his spirited yet judicious control. Their biographer
draws an interesting comparison between the two
distinguished brothers.

LORD CASTLEREAGH AND SIR C. STEWART.
Descended from the same line of ancestors, born of the
same father, and inheriting the same religious and political
principles, the second and third Lords Londonderry were
yet essentially different from each other. Both had the
firm character, the moral and physical courage, the, iron
will, which in civil and 'military life are essential to great
achievements, and both directed their dispositions in their
several professik ns to the support of the ancient constitu•
tion, the upholding of the old ideas, in Church and State.
Both united with these qualities the kindliness of disposi-
tion and warmth of heart which rendered them the idols of
their families, the objects of affection and esteem to a large
circle of relations and friends. Both had that high-bred
and chivalrous courtesy of manner, which softens so Much
the asperities of national and political conflict, and which is
never acquired in such perfection as by those who, like
Marlborough or Sir Charles Stewart, unite militaryeom-
mand with important diplomatic appointments. Both were
for a considerable part of their lives misapprehended by
their contemporaries, and rendered the objects of impas-
sioned party and political invective, which has been extin-
guished by the more impartial judgment of subsequent
times. So far their characters and destiny in life were simi-
lar, it might almost be said identical ; but in other respects
of the passive kind
thLeyorddiffeeared stioNid
rveaegthy,strcoomureaagcoh
Novtahse.
morer
—his character appealed chiefly in his power of resistance.
This arose, in a great degree, from bi,s political situation,
and the public duties to which, as a Cabinet Minister, he
was called. With the exception of the affair of the Irish
Union, in which he was the right hand of Government, and
engaged in the active prosecution of a great, and, as it has
turned out, most salutary political change, he was all his
life stationed on the defensive. He was the warder on the
tower, to descry the enemy when yet afar cff, and arrange
and head the garrison which was intrusted with the defence.
Whether in resisting the encroachments of France at the
Congress of Chatillon; or-throwing the weight of England,
with decisive effect, into the scale, to push up the allied
forces before the battle of Laon ; or in withstanding the
flood of democracy which, fed- by public suffering, so vio-
lently surged up after the peace of 1815, he was always
charged with the duty of resistance. His life was one con-
tinued battle with the democratic principle, whether ap-
pearing in its early stages of public discontent and seditious
meetings, or in its last form of a terrific and conquering
military despotism, threatening destruction to every inde-
pendent Power, and prepared to stifle separate discontent
in the stillness of universal dominion.
Sir Charles Stewart's mind was in some respects of a dif-
ferent cast, and his destiny in life was peculiarly fitted to
call forth its most brilliant qualities. A soldier by profes-
sion, and incessantly engaged, from early youth till the
termination of the war, in military duties and dangers, ho
was called upon not to resist, but to attack; not to defend
his own position, but to press forward and assault that of
the enemy. His mental disposition and chivalrous turn of
mind qualified him in a peculiar manner for the discharge
of these duties. Brave, active, and enterprising, he was
equally fitted to lead a headlong charge of horse, and to
combine the military movements which were essential to
the success of a p reat campaign. We know not whether to
admire him most when, on the banks of the Esla, at the
head of his own regiment of huzzars, he routed the cavalry
of the Imperial Guard, and made their commander Lefebvre
l)esnouettes prisoner ; when, in single combat, he disarmed
the French colonel of cuirassiers on the field of Fuentes
d'Onoro ; when he bled alongside of the Russian Guards
on the plain of Culm ; or when he overcame the scruples
and conquered the irresolution of Bernadotte, and brought
up the Army of the North with decisive effect on the field,
of Leipsic. We recognise the same energetic character and
determined will, when, after the peace of Paris, he turned.
his sword into a ploughshare. It was the same man who
had headed the onslaught on the French squadrons, who
twice over reared the princely halls of Wynyard, bridled
the Northern Ocean amidst the rocks of Seaham, and mid-
way between the mountain and the main, aloft in air,
reared up the enchanted castle of Garroa.

There is little question that the work before us will
attract considerable attention, and partisans will
probably depreciate it, on account of the opinions
professed. It does not possess the merit of impar-
tiality, for throughout it aims at a -vindication of
Lord Castlereagh's character and policy. It furnishes,
however, an interesting record of an English states-
man whose career has not hitherto been popularly
known, or, perhaps, rightly appreciated ; of one
who filled a prominent part on the stage of life
while he was yet among the players, and who
should not therefore be suffered to remain without
a fitting chronicle. It is well, too, to possess a last-
ing memorial of so true and noble a nature as his
frank, soldier brother, whose name will long be
held in grateful remembrance by the neighbour-
hood of Seaham. Sir Archibald has discharged his
duties as historian and friend with his accustomed
ability, We should suggest, however, a more care-
ful revision of the work, for the elision of occa-
sional inaccuracies. The arrangement of the volumes
with regard to notes, index, and contents, is in
every way adapted to the convenience of the reader,
and well suited to a work which will probably re-
tain its place among standard books of reference.

THE NEW ROAD ACROSS BYDE-PA.RK.

A final decision has been come to as to the road
across the park. The Chief Commissioner of Public
Works went over the ground, and finally decided
upon the plan fora sunk road through Kensington-
gardens. The road on the north will commence in
the Bayswater-road, and run across Kensington-
gardens west of the Serpentine, and parallel with
rtedetnhse, newand entrancetnhoerrtehfo r e
os e toop
upon
the e
the Horti-
culturalE x
the new broad walk, emerging on Kensington-
gore
itself. Its length is b.O e just three-quarters
of a mile, and it is carried across at a uniform level
of 12 feet below the surface.
gore oppGosai
It passes beneath the
carriage drive and Rt o ten-row by means of two
short tunnels. The total width of the roadway is
to be 40 feet, of which about eight will be devoted
to a footway on one side. Both sides of the cutting
Will be formed of gently sloping banks of turf, and
none of the grown timber will be interfered wiih.
The cost of the whole road is estimated at only
£35,000, the Commissioners of Public Works un-
dertaking to pave and light it. The tolls are to b©
the same'as at Kensington-gate-3d. for one horse,
6cl. for two, and a halfpenny for each foot passen-
ger along the pathway. The road is to be open day
and night. Every holder of a £lOO debenture will
receive an ivory, or ticket, which will pass himself
and his cab or carriage toll-free. Application will
be made to Parliament upon its meeting for the ne-
cessary powers, and the act is not to come into
operation till £30,000 out of the £35,000 have been
subscribed for. We believe the plan of the new
road is that proposed by Mr. Page.

THE YELVERTON MARRIAGE CASE.—In the Court
of Common Pleas, Dublin, on Monday, in the case W
" Thelwall v. Yelverton,,, Mr. Whiteside, Q.C., moved
on the part of the plaintiff, Mr. John Thelwall, that ho
might be at liberty to mark judgment, and issue execution
thereon, notwithstanding the bill of exceptions taken by
Major Yelverton, the defendant, and for the cost of the ap-
plication. After some discussion, the Lord Chief Justice
said the best thing to do was to set the cause down for
first day of next term, and they would be all anxious
znako An arraßement so as to dispose them. ‘: