The Sun.
London, England, 1862-05-01 00:00:00

ITALY.

A communication from Turin, of the 25th ult.
aays

" At San Rossore, the King, when on his way.to
Naples, paid a visit to one of the finest of the estates
belonging to the Crown. San Rossore is a magni-
ficent farm, founded by the Medicis, which many
superb palaces might envy. It is situated on the
saa coa.,,t, in the midst of immense plantations,
which afford extensive hunting grounds, and is ap-
proached by an avenue of elms and poplars more
than two miles in length. The revenues of this
property must be immense, as in cows alone it pos-
sesses more than two thousand. Another pecu-
liarity of the place is that camels live there, and
multiply as if they were in the desert; about 20 are
occupied in the labours of the farm, whilst the others
are living in a savage state in the wood. M. Ra-

tazzi has been to Sienna to visit the numerous victims
of the late accident at Asciano, from the collision
of two trains on the Florence and Sienna Railway.
The King charged him to deliver 5,000 fr. to the
committee formed to relieve the wounded, and the
families of those who perished. The cure of Vit-
toune, near Milan, has discovered a means of has-
tening the solution of the Italian question, and this
is what he proposed at one of the last assemblies of
the Ecclesiastical Society at Milan, which is the
most numerous Liberal society in all Italy :—That
the committee should place itself at the head of a
petition addressed to the Pope, entreating him, in
the name of religion, which is menaced, to renounce
the temporal power; that the petition should be
sent to all the priests in Italy, with the request to
give their adhesion to it; lastly, that a deputation
of Lombard priests should proceed to Rome to lay
the address at the feet of the Holy Father. The
idea is good, and will, it is said, be carried into
execution. It is thought impossible that the Pope
should refuse to receive the :deputation, and the
more so that it will be composed of honourable men,
who, as priests, are irreproachable."
The .Espero of Turin announces that the Minister
of Marine, Admiral Persano, has ordered the con-
struction of eight more iron-cased frigates. The
cost of these vessels is to be defrayed partly in the
current year and partly in 1863.

DISEASED CATTLE.—In a report just issued by
the Registrar-General of Scotland he calls the attention of
the public to the fact that ever since the pleuro• pneumonia
broke out among the cattle of this country a few years since
the returns of mortality have shown that carbuncle, a dis •
ease formerly very rare, has become comparatively com-
mon. Dr. Livingstone observed in Africa that if the flesh
of animals who die from pleuro-pneumonia is eat en it causes
carbuncle in the persons who eat it, and that neither bailing
nor roasting the flesh nor cooking it in any way gets rid of
the poison. It is true that if such cattle are ever sold for
food they are killed before they fall victims to the disease
naturally, but still the poison is in them. The report sug.
gests as a subject of inquiry whether the new form of dis-
ease which we term diphtheria may not be partially induced
by the use of diseased flesh.

The new flag of the United Principalities, accord-
ing to the pattern decided on by the convention of Paris,
has been officially recognised by the Porte. 4is 1.4 yel-
low, and blue, placed horizontally,

OPENING OF THE GREAT
I EXHIBITION-THIS DAY.

The ceremony of opening the Great International
Exhibition took place to-day with all the gorgeous.
ness, grandeur, and solemnity indicated in the
official programme.
Fortunately the weather was most propitious, an
unclouded sky, a bright sun, and a genial atmos-
phere contributed in no small degree to lend a charm
to the day which was to witness the assemblage
of the people from nearly every quarter of the globe
in one immense splendid structure, to compete for
honour in peaceful and friendly rivalry. Those
who had secured their privilege of entering the
building were stirring at a early hour, and although
the time for opening for the admission of
company was half-past ten o'clock, long before that
hour vehicles of every description filled the princi-
pal routes to the different entrances of the Exhibi
tion—the occupants seemingly content to wait with
patience until the doors were open.
The stream of carriages coming across Hyde Park
from the Bayswater-road, and from thence through
Queen's-gate into Prince Albert's-road was im:
mense, and the same remark will apply to those
proceeding by the Knightsbridge and Brompton-
roads—in fact it was a stream of conveyances which
we may venture to say, for length, was never wit-
nessed on any former occasion—not even on the
opening of the Great Exhibition in 1851.
Notwithstanding that it was generally known
that her Majesty would not take part in the pro-
ceedings of to-day, the crowd that assembled in
front of Buckingham Palace was very great. Spec-
tators also lined either side of Constitution-hill—
in fact, the same was the case throughout the whole
route of the Royal Commissioners, from her Ma-
jesty's Palace to the Exhibition at Kensington.
The ground was kept by the Life Guards,
but the arrangements by no means seemed very
perfect. The crowd, from the circumstance that
the military were posted on either side one of the
gates, near the Gretn-park, imagined that that
would be the one through which the Commis-
sioners would pass, but about a quarter of an hour
before that the military were hurriedly ordered off
to the next gate at the extreme end of the iron rail-
ing, but on the same side. This, of course, created
some confusion, but the crowd appeared good
humoured, and some laughing and joking about the
loss of good places was the only result.
At a quarter to 12 his Grace the Archbishop of
Canterbury arrived. Lord Palmerston followed at
about .ten minutes past twelve, and his Royal High-
ness the Duke of Cambridge, attended by the Hon.
James Macdonald and several military officers, in
two of the Royal carriages drove up at twenty-
five minutes past twelve.
At twenty minutes to one the words "draw,
present," were given to the Life Guards, and in
a few minutes after the procession started.
The Speaker of the House of Commons, Lord Pal-
merston, the Earl of Derby, the Lord Chancellor,
and the Archbishop of Canterbury, rode in their
own carriages.
The Duke of Cambridge and his suite occupied
two of the royal carriages, the attendants being
dressed in the full State livery.
The next three royal carriages were occupied by
the Crown Prince of Frussia and the other distin-
guished personages now visitors at Buckingham
Palace. There was a slight cheer raised as the
Prince of Prussia passed by. The black liveries of
the footmen seemed to remind the crowd that silence
would be the best way of showing respect to his
Royal Highness.
The great point of attraction for the sight-seers
appeared to be the Cromwell-road, as it was gene-
rally known that all who had received "special"
invitations would enter the building by the South
Entrance, situate in that locality.
As the process of " setting down" the company
was extremely slow, and fearfully tedious to those
who were a long way off and were obliged to wait
their turn, it may easily be imagined that their pa-
tience was taxed to the utmost; but nevertheless
they bore all with the best possible good humour.
In other directions marked out by the authori-
ties in Scotland-yard for the approach of visitors,
there were also long lines of vehicles all slowly but
steadily advancing towards the grand rendezvous.
A vast number of visitors arrived on foot, and they
appeared to be more fortunate than the others in
gaining admission to the interior in time to secure
the most eligible seats in the divisions to which
their tickets applied. But for this convenience
they had to pay the penalty of remaining standing
amongst an immense crowd for a considerable time
outside the building. At the first opening of the
doors the crowding, notwithstanding the entreaties
that had been made by the executive committee,
was to all appearance terrific. All thought of in-
jury to dress was forgotten, and the main object of
each of the strugglers appeared to be how best he
could elbow his way through the crowd. After a
short time, however, force seemed to give way
to good sense and consideration, and at the time we
left that part of the Exhibition they seemed to be
going on in the most amicable manner.

For upwards of two hours after the opening of
the doors there was a continued stream of elegantly
dressed ladies pouring into the building from every
entrance. The coup d'cell presented by the crowd
was very singular, but brilliant in the extreme.

Shortly before one every person was on the tip-
toe of expectation. Crowds of visitors who had
been unsuccessful in obtaining seats were rushing
about in all directions—ladies separated from their
husbands, lovers from their fair ones, seeking
about on the very verge of despair—officers
striving to keep clear the passages, and evidently
perplexed by the unwonted character of the
immense assembly with which they had to deal,
scarcely venturing to give directions opposed to
the wishes of many of the fair supplicants. We
feel bound to say, however, that there appeared a
great desire for mutual accommodation, which, in

an assembly so vast, where all were endeavouring
to press close to one particular spot, contributed
materially to preserve order and regularity. As
the time wore on, and the time for the arrival of
the Royal Commissioners approached, each person
appeared to have settled into their right places, or
as near so as possible, and the groups that had been
hurrying to and fro subsided into a settled order.
The scene presented at this point was of the most
splendid description, the sun shone forth on the
rich uniforms which were mingled together, of all
colours and of all nations.
A flourish of trumpets announced the arrival of
the Queen's Commissioners—his Royal Highness
the Duke of Cambridge, K.G., his Grace the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, the Lord High Chancellor,
the Earl of Derby, K.G., the Lord Chamberlain,
Viscount Palmerston, K.G., G.C.8., and the Speaker
of the House of Commons. They entered the
building, according to previous arrangement, from
the Cromwell-road. Her Majesty's Ministers, the
Foreign Commissioners, and others taking part in
the procession, who had been waiting the arrival of
the Queen's Commissioners in the South Central
Court, joined the Commissioners, and a procession
formed in the following order :---
Trumpeters of the Life Guards in State Uniforms.
Contractors' Superintendents.
Her Majesty's Commissioners'
Superintendents of Building
Works.
Contractors, Decorator, and Architect.
Superintendents of Exhibition Arrangements.
Alfred Tennyson, Esq., D.C.L., Poet Laureate.
The Lord Mayor of York, the Lord Frovost of Edinburgh,
The Lord Provost of Glasgow, and the Lord Alayor of

Dublin.
Macebearer and Swordbearer of the City of London
preceding the Lord Mayor of London, and Sheriffs of
London and Middlesex.
Council of Horticultural Society, and Secretary.
Council of the Society of Arts, and Secretary.
Deputation of ten Guarantors of the Exhibition.
Secretary of Finance Committee and Financial Officer.
Members of the Building Committee, and Secretary.
special Commissioners for Juries, and Secretary.
Chairmen of Juries.
President of the Council of Chairmen of Juries.
Acting Commissioners for Colonies, Dependencies, &c.
Acting Commissioners of All Nations.
Presidents of Foreign Commissions.
Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851,
and Secretary.
Her Majesty's Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1862,
and Secretary,

The Bishop of London, accompanied by the Archdeac ons,
Middlesex, and the Incumbent of the Parish.
Her Majesty's Ministers
(Not being either Commissioners for the Exhibition of 182
or Special Commissioners for the opening).
President of the Poor-law Board.
Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster.
Postmaster-General.
President of the Board of Trade.
Chancellor of Exchequer.
First Lord of the Admiralty.
Secretary for India.
Secretary of State for War.
Secretary of State for Colonies.
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
Secretary of State for Home Department.
Lord Privy Seal.
Her Majesty's Special Commissioners for the Opening.
Royal Personages attending the opening.
Gentlemen in attendance on Royal Personages.
Detachments from the Marines, Grenadier Guards, Engi-
neers, Artillery, Horse and Life Guards, and Seamen.
The procession advanced to the Western Dome,
where a chair of state had been placed, and, after
the National Anthem had been sung, an address
was delivered by the Earl Granville, K.G., chair-
man of the Commissioners for the Exhibition of
1862, and an answer returned by his Royal High-
ness the Duke of Cambridge, K.G., on behalf of the
Queen's Commissioners for opening the Exhibition .
The procession then moved down the nave to the
East Dome, when the special musical performances
took place. The music, specially composed for
this occasion, consisted of a grand Overture by M.
Meyerbeer, a Chorale by Dr. Sterndale Bennett,
and a Grand March by M. Auber. At the conclu-
sion of the special music the procession advanced to
the throne in the centre of the nave. A prayer
was then offered by the Bishop of London, and the
Hallelujah Chorus and the National Anthem were
sung. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge
afterwards declared the Exhibition opened. The
declaration was announced to the public by a
flourish of trumpets, and by the firing of a salute
on the north side of the Serpentine.
The procession then proceeded to the picture
galleries, and shortly afterwards many of the
barriers were removed and the public allowed to
circulate.
Every department, considering all the circum-
stances, made an excellent show, and the appear-
ance of the interior, compared with that which it
presented but twenty-four hours ago, seemed as if
it had been wrought by the wand of an enchanter.

ARRIVAL OF TILE JAPANESE
AMBASSADORS.

. The representatives of the Emperor of Japan
, landed at Dover yesterday, on their arri-val in Eng-
land upon the mission with which they are entrusted.
As already announced, the ambarssailors are three in
number—we will not venture 'co repeat their names
—and they are attended by a long retinue of officers
and servants, and also by their official interpreter,
Mr. Macdonald. The novelty of the visit and of
the personages composing the mission caused a vast
assemblage of spectators to crowd the Admiralty-
pier, where the ambassadors and their suite londed
at about half-past 12 o'clock, from the French war
steamer Le Corse. Upon the vessel steaming along-
side, her passengers, who were clustered about the
deck, presented a singular but not unpicturesque
group, with their large hats, silken trousers, and
other peculiarities of dress—not the least prominent
of which were the carved handles of the weapons,
which all wore by their sides. By their manner
they showed that the immense crowd who had as-
sembled to greet them was no less an object of cu-
riosity to them than they themselves were to the
spectators. They seemed eagerly on the alert to note
whatever might transpire, and the excited jabbering
and wild confusion of the French sailors as they
moored the vessel alongside the pier seemed to afford
them all great amusement—except one of the suite,
in all probability the accredited draughtsman, Rho
stood, amid the hubbub, absorbed in taking a sketch
of the magnificent old pile of beildings forming Dover
Castle, from the batteries of which an ambassado-
rial salute was being discharged. This gentle-
man transferred the scene to paper with great rapi-
dity, and seemed to be so completely occupied that
it might be supposed nothing short of instant ship-
wreck would have diverted him from his task.
After the boat had been moored several military
officers, including the commandant of the garrison,
Brigadier General Garvock, with his aide-de-camp,
the Hon. Captain Chetwynd, and Colonel Cuppage,
R.A., proceeded on board, and were presented to
two of the ambassadors, who occupied covered
chairs on the quarter-deck, and who seemed wisely
resolved to ccntinue such occupation in preference
to trusting their legs to the unsteady roll of Le
Corse. They rose, however, as the officers ap-
proached, and an interchange of civilities took place,
the English officers touching their hats and the
Japanese removing theirs. The members of the
suite appeared to be on excellent terms with one or
two of the Frenchmen, who embraced with much
ardour on their leaving the vessel.
At the landing stairs, the mayor '(Mr. J. Bir-
mingham), the members of the corporation, and
several of, the magistrates, were in waiting to re-
ceive their Japanese excellencies. The corporate
authorities, who were attired in their robes of office,
and preceded by the mace, conducted the ambassa-
dors to the Lord Warden Hotel, where, after some
delay, an address was presented, the principal pas-
sages of which were interpreted to their excellen-
cies by Mr. Macdonald. They replied, through
him, that they heartily reciprocated thelsentiments
of amity and good will which it conveyed.
The members of the embassy with their suite
left Dover by special train of the South-Eestern
Railway at three o'clock.

THE CIVIC PROCESSION.—The aldermen and
commoners of the corporation in their official costume met
the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs at Guildhall this morning,
and proceeded, headed by the City police, through King-
street, Cheapside, Newgate-street, Holborn, and Oxford-
street, to the Marble Arch at Hyde-park-corner, through
which the cortege passed into the park, taking the road
through it over the Serpentine-bridge to the Queen's •gate,
and thence to the western entrance to the Exhibition in
Prince Albert's-road. The cavalcade consisted of 75 car-
riages.

' THE REPRESENTATION OF LAMBETH. The
friends and committees of the two opposing candidates are
carrying on a most active canvass, while the candidates
themselves are actively engaged in meeting the electors in
all parts of the borough. Yesterday placards appeared,
signed " J. A. Wilkinson," the former member, stating, in
reply to several electors, that he had no objection to be put
in nomination, but would pay nothing more than the ex-
penses required by law. It is expected the contest will be
entirely between Messrs. Sleigh and Doulton.
THE TIPPERARY MURDER.—ANOTHER DEATH.
—lt is generally reported through town to-day, and in
itnhaTtiMppresr.aTryh,ieWbhaouslte, the wife of the assassinated landowner
quarters likely to be well informed the report is credited,
melancholy death we only recorded
yesterday, died in the comae of yesterday, This truly
painful death has been, unquestionably, the result of ex-
treme grief—the shock she experienced in the suddenness
and barbarity of her husband's death.—Dublin Freeman.
We are happy to announce that the prospects of
Galway, in connection with the packet station, are de-
cidedly brightening. Within the last two or three weeks
a number of gentlemen interested in the progress of this
enterprise have boldly set about taking the opinion of the
country upon our claims, and we are now prepared to say
that that opinion is stronger than ever in our favour. Our
very able and efficient county member, Mr. Gregory, has
had a memorial to the Prime Minister prepared, which has
already been signed by more than 60 of the Irish members,
praying for the restoration of the subsidy to Galway.—
Galway Express.

The Cork Examiner supplies a remarkable para-
graph on emigration from Ireland. It says that the City
of Washington, the last sailing ship from Queenstown to
New York, " took out a yet larger number of passengers
than did the vessels of the preceding weeks. Upwards of
5 0 emigrants left; these belonged, apparently, not to the
poorer, but to the more comfortable class of small farmers.
Astonishing as it may seem the number emigrating during
the past three weeks is greater than during the correspond-
ing period of last year."

The 300-pounder Armstrong gun was yesterday
proved at Shoeburynes3 as a smooth bore. The proof con-
sisted of four rounds—the first with 601 b. of powder, the
second with 701 b., the third with 801 b., and the fourth with
901 b. After the proof further experiments were carried on
with the same gun, to ascertain the initial velocities ob-
tained with large charges of different kinds of powder.
The Austrzan Gazette states that the Empress of
Austria made an excursion on terra firma on the 23d inst.,
for the first time during her stay at Venice, her Majesty
having gone to Vicenza, lo visit the Archduchess Hilde-
garde,