The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 8, 1862.

BURY-LANE THEATRE ROYAL,
Lessee, Mr. E. T. SMITH.
CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS,
GRAND MORNING PERFORMANCE of the PAN-
TOMIME every WEDNESDAY, at Two o'Clock.
THIS EVENING (Sth January) her Majesty's Ser-
vants will perform the popular Farce, by J. B. Buckstone,
Esq., entitled AN ALARMING SACRIFICE. Bob
Ticket, Mr. Atkins ; Pugwash, Mr. Barsby ; Mr. Skinner,
Mr. Hope; Susan Sweetapple, Miss Kegjay. ; Miss Wadd,
Miss Stuart ; Miss Tibbit, Miss Bland; nlas Gimp, Miss
Hartlour ; Deborah, Mrs. Dowton. •
After which will be produced, with that attention to com-
pleteness in every department by which the Christmas
Annuals of this Theatre have been so pie-eminently dis-
tinguished, the New Grand Comic Pantomime, entitled
HARLEQUIN and the HOUSE THAT JACK BUILT;

or, Old Mother Hubbard and het onderful Dog.
"If a man do build a dwelling upon common land fr,-,m
sunset to sunrise, and enclose a piece of ground, wherein
there shall be a tree, a beast feeding, a fire kindled, a chim-
ney smoking, and provisions in the pot, such dwelling shall
be freely held by the builder, anything herein to the con-
trary nevertheless notwithstanding."--Old Forest Charter.
The Novel Effects and Splendid Scenery by
WILLIAM TIF,VERLEY,
_ -

Assisted by Messrs. C. Pitt, Craven, Brow, &c., &c.
Masks, Symbolic Devices, Personal Appointments, and
Designs for the Costumes, by the celebrated Dykwynkyn.
The Overture and Music composed and arranged by Mr.
3. H. T ULLY. The Machinery by Mr. Tucker and As-
sistants. The Tricks, Properties, Changes, and Transtor-
mations, by Mr. Needham, assisted by Messrs Glindon, H.
Adams, H. Langham, &c. The Costumes by Miss Dickin-
son, Mr. Lauri, and Mr. Palmer. The Gas Appointments
by Mr. Hinckley. The Choregraphic Arrangements by
Cormack. The Harlequinade and Comic Scenes by
Messrs. Cormack and B. Jones. The Perfume of the
Flowers supplied by Bimmel's process.
The Grotesque Burlesque Opening invented and written
by E. L. BLANCIIAR O.
And the whole arranged and produced under the imme-
diate superintendence of Mr, ROBERT ROXBY.

Synopsis of Scenery, Incidents, and Characters,
OLD MOTHER HUBBARD'S COTTAGE,
With Rural Landscape, and Rookwood Manor Hall in the
Distance ( Daylight).
"Old Mother Hubbard, she went to the cupbo
theard, to
boar get
her poor Dog a bone; when she got there, cupboard
was bare, and so the poor Dog had none."—A.ncient Nur-
sery Legend.
Old Mother Hubbard, Mr. Atkins ; Her Dog, Signor
Lorenzo ; Jack (the " Man all tattered and torn"), Miss
F. Hunt ; the Squire, Mr. Tom Matthews ; Dame Wiggins
of Lee, Mr. Dixon ; Dame Trot, Mr. Barsby ; Her Won-
derful Cat, Master Waggles ; the Great Goose, Master
Sageaninguns ; Constables, Messrs. Grib and Grab ; Parish
Beadle, Mr. Bumble ; Villagers, Messrs. Yokel, Pumpkin,
Whackstraw, Chawbacon, &c., &c.; Rosetta (the " Maiden
all Forlorn"), Miss Stuart. How Mother Hubbard has a
certain " party" to tea and turn out, and of the remarkable
pranks played by her comical Dog—The Head, the Hat,
and the Hose—The Dog's Tale and Mrs. H.'s Narrative--
Arrival of the Squire—Proclamation of Witch Burning—
Threatened incremation of Mother Hubbard on her own
hearth, and her Mystic Flight upon a Broomstick.
THE WITCHES' GLEN AND WATERFALL,

- -
in the Valley of Perfumed Flowers, by Moonlight.
Will-o'-the-Wisp .. Miss Lanza.
Ignes Fatui—Mdlles. Sidney, Travers, Barnes, A. Barnes,
Livermore ; Webb, Taylor, Braithwaite,Hammilton, Stap-
ley, Harris, Candy, Copeland, Archer. Hawkins, Delaney,
Wilson, Williams, Robinson, Wood, Watson, and Hamel-
ton.
Grand Ballet, Chagne-a-Lanterne, by the Misses GUN-
NISS and the Ladies of the Corps de Ballet.
The Invocation! The Incantation ! and the Evapora-
ti I I

THE VILLAGE GREEN AND ROADSIDE ALE-
HOUSE,
Old Grype (the Steward), Mr. Glindon ; Old Scratche
(his Clerk), Mr. Tanner ' • Tenantry, Messrs. Cringe,
Scrape, Shaffie, Cut, Packoff, Moonraker, and Runaway ;
Tailor, Mr. Snipshears ; Bootmaker, Mr. Tightfit ; Mum-
mies, Messrs. Grinner, Joker, Magger, Cracksides,
O'Reilly, M'Phun, &c. ; St. George, Mr. E. Roe ; the
ration, Mr. Scalyfellow ; Valentine, Mr. Febbyerry ;
Orson, Mr. Wildman ; Still-Walker, Mr. Longl
ins egs; Be
and-
ar-
Warden, Mr. Smuggins ; the Bear, Mr. Hugg ; L
lord, Mr. Treblex ; Morris-Dancers, Messrs. Trip, Tap,
Flip, Flap, &c., &c. • Jack Padding, Mr. Merryman.
How the Squire celebrates his birthday, and the Village
Revel that follows—Coming of Age in the Olden Time I
How the Tenantry treated in one way and how Jack is
rested in another—the Dog's instinct and Mother Hub -
bard's reason.
THE " CAGE" ON THE COMMON (Sunset).
Grand Scena Comique and Pas de Broomstick, by
Mother Hubbard.
The Dreamer and the Worker—The Vision of Pleasure
and the Division of Labour—Figures of Fun (from the
Fancy-store of Dykwynkyn) - Messrs. Mason, Drainpipes,
Carpenter, Hodman, Old Brick, and Yonne, Shaver, Lilli-
putian Labourers, Pigmy Plasterers, TinfTilers, Minia-
ture Masons, Baby Bricklayers, Short Sawyers, Dwarf
Drain Makers, and Child Carpenters by a Host of Juvenile
Auxiliaries.
THE HOUSE THAT JACK BUILT,
The Rat, Master Longwhisker ; The Cat, Miss Mouser ;
The Dsg, By Himself; The Cow, Madame Brindle ; The
Priest (" All shaven and shorn"), Mr. Jollyman; The
Cock (" That crowed in the Morn") Master Cocky-doodle-
doo.
Realisation of the famous Picture in the National Gal-
lery of Little Britain, taken (by permission) for Boys, from
a rare work in the collection of Master Smith, London.
FROGP OOL IN THE MARSHES (Twilight).
Song, " Will o' the Wisp," composed by J. H. Tully, Esq.
How the Squire goes Hunting and loses his way and his
temper, and what follows in consequence—Another curious
instance of Canine sagacity—Bull-frogs, Masters Hop,
Skip, Jump, Creak, &c.
SQUASH-HOLLOW SWAMP AND BED OF
BULRUSHES.

How the Squire comes to grief and afterwards to repent-
ance, and how Jack is recognised as the rightful heir—The
reward and harmonious movements of the Fairies on a
Grand Chromatic Scale towards
WILL 0' WISP'S HOME BENEATH THE
WATERFALL.
The Transformation.

Harlequins Messrs. CORMACK and ST. MAINE.
Columbines
Pantaloons Messrs. G. TANNER and MORLEY.
Clowns
GroteFque
1861-1862
SPRITES by the RIDGWAYS and SUWELL
FAMILY.

1.-EXTERIOR OF TWO
TRE T SHOPS IN " UP-OR.
DO WN" SE.

Messrs. Huline, St. Maine, Tanner, and Miss S. Gunniss.
Christmas Presents—every Man (and Boy) to his Post,
even the Post-Man—Clown rides the high horse, which
proves his rock a-head—Two Young Men from the Country,
and Clown gets over them—a Sewing Machine (not a poor
Needlewoman)—a thorough Blow out—a Man in very re-
duced circumstance—Clown finds the Fruits of stealing
Apples in an elephantine way—a Band of Brothers—the
Police in Great and Small Force—Clown gets into a row
and blows up a policeman—the end of this scene is all
Bustle—N.B. Not Crinoline.
2.—THE GREAT SENSATION KITCHEN.

Messrs. Forrest, Correack, Morley, and Miss Gunniss.
Harlequin seeks Protection, although a Free-trader—
The Cook's Guide—Clown tries to take the chair—the head
dish of the table—Harlequin goes through a Deal, and
Clown becomes a Board-er—Silence those dreadful Bells—
Clown and Pantaloon make an ap-Peal to the Audience on
the Merry Musical Bells—Pantaloon rather hard pressed—
arrival of a distinguished Foreigner—Clown falls into his
own trap, and kills a Blue-bottle, which proves a bad
Buzz-ness for him—a Lecture on the Gorilla, by a ell-
known character—Clown meets with a few Friends (not
Quakers)—this Scene ends at the finish of it.
3.—TIIE INTERIOR OF A RAILWAY STATION.
Eight hours at the Sea-side for 2s 6d—Duty off Paper—
" The Times" reduced and the Times on the rise—a book
that takes leafe of Clown—Harlequin gets his horse from a
Stall and sets up a trap. No Smoking a•Loud, only on
the Quiet—Clown makes a Tremendous Christmas Tree—
late arrivals—Messrs. Neverintime, Toolate, Dearme, and
Blessme—Clown burns his fingers (not the only person
that has done so)—Clown gives Good Bail and finds a Bale
of goods.

4.—The SEA-SIDE.
The Sands I The Sands! I The Sanest! I
Come unto these yellow sands.

A Sailor telling a Yarn and a boat Lying too—the Pier
Master's ap-Pierance—Clown makes a Man's hair turn
sandy and proves himself in the wrong box—by a slight
Miss-Take, which a certain Miss won't Take—Pantaloon
gets some shell-fish in a very Selfish manner—Clown asto-
nishes the Natives—Sailors that use their Cut-Lasses but
don't Cut Lasses when they can join with them in a
National hornpipe—Clown gets a Sensation Leader—The
Great Donkey Stir St. Leger—Clown and Pantaloon's
Concert—fine ears for Music—they fish in troubled waters
—a Divided Interest—a sudden Squall (Children and all)
—The latest Novelty in Parrchutes.
Scene—A DISMAL SWAMP—After a storm a calm
appears, a HARLEQUIN'S HOME ON HIS THRONE
OF SPLENDOUR.

Doors open at half-past six, to commence at Seven
o'clock. Tickets for Boxes, Pit, and Galleries, may be
had at the Box Office before the opening.

ROYAL ENGLIsri OPERA,
COVENT GARDEN.
Under the management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W.

Harrison.

THIS E VENING, THE PURITAN'S DAUGHTER, Miss
Louisa I'yne, Miss Susan Pyne ; Mr. Santley, Mr, 11. Corti,
Mr. George Honer, Mr, Patey, Mr. A. St. Albyn, Mr, T.
Distin, Mr. Waliworth, Mr. Eugene Dussek, Mr. C. Lyall,
and Mr. W. Harrison.

Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON.

After which will be produced (written expres•ly by J. M.
Morton), a Grand Comp Christmas Pantomime, entitled
HARLEQUIN GJLLLIVER ; or, A Trip to Brobilignag, a

Peep at Lilliput, and a: Fliinw Visit to Lapu6

Gulliver, Mr. W. 1.1. Payne ; Mrs. Guliver, Mr. I'. Payne.
Principal danseuse, Mdlle. Lamoureux, supported by the
Ladies of the Corps de Ballet. The Harlequmide sustained
by the eminent Pantomimists, Messrs. IL Payne, F. Payne,
IL Lauri, E. Lauri, S. Lauri, and Jenny Lauri.

Commence at Seven.

yr EATR g•lit) Y AL, HAYMARKET,
1,4›,,4pp. Mr. J. B. Pull-aro,-
VII EVENING, to commence with THE HONEYMOON.
Juliana, Miss Jane Coombs (her 4th appearance in Eng-
land).
After which, a Comic Christmas Pantomime, LITTLE
MISS
MUFFET AND LITTLE BOY BLUE ; or, Harle-
quin and Old Daddy Lon2ls. Louise L
Rosine.eclercq, Charles Le-
clercq, Herr Cole, G. Becket,eg and Miss
Commence a 7.

111 OYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
manaffer--Mr. Edmund Falconer.
THIS EVENING, Jan. 8, the new and original Drama,
entitled PEEP O'DAY ;_ or, Savourneen Declish. Messrs.
Walter Lacy, Hermann Vezin, Charles S' Iby, Edmund Fal-
coner ; Mrs. D. P. Bowers. Miss Clara Weston.
After which, a new and orinin al Burlesque Extravaganza,
entitled LITTLE BED RIDING HOOD; or, Th Fairies of
the Rose, the Thistle, and the Shamrcck. Princiral charac-
ters by Mr. Chas. Selby, Mr. Warlow, Miss Cicely Nott, and
Miss Lydia Thompson.
•

------
Acting Manager—Mr. F. B. Chatterton.
Prices as usual. Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at
7 Box-office open daily from 11 till 5.

THE SUN.
LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JAN. 8, 1862.

The newspapers and letters which have just ar-
rived by the Europa are more unfavourable to
peace than the telegrams which preceded them.
New York, the merchant's and banker's city, was
much more in favour of surrender than Washington,
the politician's city. The responsible politicians
have not indeed yet spoken, but the noisier ones
cannot be disregarded, for they dictate too com-
monly the policy of the Government ; and, up to the
time when our advices left, the Cabinet appeared to
be waiting to see what the masses would allow them
to do. At New York, and with the more thought-
ful at Washington itself, the opinion seemed to be
that the prisoners must be surrendered, as a neces-
sity of the hour, but under a protest or
TOW of eternal enmity to England. Some
of the papers describe this feeling, with
too much truth we fear, as the one most
deeply seated in the American breast. The news
of the death of Prince ALBERT has not lessened
their inclination to quarrel with a nation in mourn-
ing; but only nurtured the hope that we shall be
too loyally sad for our QUEEN to trouble ourselves
further about the Commissioners.

We notice with regret that Dr. RUSSELL, whose
opinion is certainly of no little weight, is by no
means confident in his hope of peace. Writing on
the 23d, the day on which Lord LYONS at last
communicated his despatch officially, he says :
" My impression is, that Mr. SEWARD will endea-
vour to open a correspondence, and that failing,
as he necessarily must, in that, he will refuse on
the part of the Government to surrender Messrs.
MASON and SLIDELL and their secretaries. In
that case Lord LYONS leaves the United
States with the members of his legation. Then
follows a declaration of war—a sudden, destructive,
and sanguinary war between two nations, of which
the one is already engaged in a desperate conflict
with an internal foe, and of which the other is an
ancient monarchy, jealous of its honours and its
rights, but which has, nevertheless, endured so long
the threats and menaces of its powerful offshoot that
forbearance has been construed into ' dare not,' and
endurance has been mistaken for pusillanimity."
He acknowledges that we should suffer greatly by
the war, and that England and France would pur-
chase cotton and tobacco at a dear rate, but he
shewa, what, indeed, had been obvious to us all,
that the Federals would be in an almost hopeless
position between the two fires. As one effect of
the apprehension of war with England, there is an
g increased impatience to gain some great Federal
success on the Potomac, before Great Britain shall
become the virtual ally of the South. The weather,
however, makes military operations exceedingly
difficult ; and the South seems to be better prepared
than ever to resist an attack. The fight would pro-
bably be a desperate one, and under every disad-
vantage to the Federalists, On the whole, the
fuller details we receive this morning give much
cause to fear that the cunning of SEWARD, and the
technical special pleading of the Lawyer-President,
may have devised some evasive reply, of which, of
course, Lord LYONS will be himself the bearer.

How alarming the position is out at Washington,
the following remarks in our able contemporary
the Morning Post, the organ of Lord PALMER..
STON, if not of his Government, will sufficiently
indicate. The Post says :
" Any day may now bring us the American deci-
sion ; but every hour's delay in its arrival dimi-
nishes our hope of a favourable answer, and in-
creases our expectation of seeing Lord Lyons on
next Sunday or Monday. His Excellency was to
leave Washington, with the Legation, on the 30th
ult., unless, by noon of that day, the American
Government had complied with our demands. We
may as well recapitulate what we have already
stated, and what is confirmed in every detail by the
intelligence now received. Lord Lyons' instruc-
tions reached him on the night of the 18th ult. He
sought Mr. Seward on the 19th, and explained to
, him unofficially their object. This proceeding be

was enjoined to pursue in order to give the Cabinet
of Washington an opportunity of volunteering to
satisfy our just requirements, and of avoiding any
humiliation in making concessions to what they
might regard as peremptory demands. Mr.
Seward, as we have understood, acknow-
ledged the courtesy and wood intention of
our mode of procedure, stated that he would
consult the President on the following day,
and would communicate with Lord Lyons on the
next day after that, which would be Saturday, the
21st. Our temperate and even generous overtures
appear to have failed. The President declined to
avail himself of the means of retreat which we
deemed most honourable to him, and on the 23d
Lord Lyons formally presented the official demand
for the immediate surrender of the prisoners and an
apology for the insult to our flag. Up to the morn-
ing of the 26th Lord Lyons had not received any
answer to his communication of Lord Russell's
despatch. He was to wait till the 30th. The French
Minister, M. Mercier, had delivered to Mr. Seward,
on the 25th, M. Thouvenel's despatch, which has
been already published. And we understand that
other Ministers had offered advice quite in accord-
ance with the tone taken by their Governments in
the despatches which have been lately written. It
is difficult to imagine obstinacy greater than that
which the American Government has hitherto exhi-
bited. We can hardly suppose, however, that they
will return a direct negative to our demands. It is
more probable that they will, before the 30th, offer
some unsatisfactory compromise, which will not,
however, be for a moment entertained."

While our attention is more particularly directed
just now towards the opposite shores of the Atlan-
tic, it will be well to keep a watchful regard upon
the old European seat of war—upon the position of
things generally, that is to say, in the Roman
peninsula. Everything at length seriously begins
to indicate there the probably speedy renewal of
hostilities. The very quietude of the attitude
assumed by the National Government at Turin is
in itself ominous. It is significant, also, that we
hear no more from that capital of the continuance
of the old bickerings between the advocates of dif-
ferent schemes for the reorganisation of Italy.
Party contentions, in fact, have ceased there almost
entirely. There have been mutual concessions
made, and there has been, in many an instance, no
merely fugitive or feeble display of magnanimity.
One cry has absorbed all others—the name of
VICTOR EMMANUEL. One banner has been
accepted as the oriflamme of Italian Unity—the
tricolour first effectually unfurled by the RE
GULANTUOMO. Even the Great Condottiere,
GARIBALDI, the only chieftain who could possibly
have appeared in rivalry to the KING, has, by his
magnificent self-abnegation and his most opportune
withdrawal for awhile from the public scene to the
silence and obscurity of his island home at Caprera,
dissipated the sole difficulty that might have
stood between the personal prestige of VIC-
TOR EMMANUEL and the loyal enthusiasm of
multitude at large. Very recently, however, the
Liberator of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies has
emerged from the obscurity overshadowing his life
at Caprera, has broken at length the silence of his
voluntary exile. And to what effect? To sound a
trumpet note of preparation that is even now echoing
far and wide through all that beautiful land, from the
spurs of the Carpathian range to the brine-washed,
extremity of Cape Spartivento.
GARIBALDI'S summons to his compatriots is distinct
enough in all conscience, He tells them to arm, one
and all, every man of them, to take each his sword in
hand, or any other weapon that may more readily
fall within his grasp—and to do this immediately.
GARIBALDI says this not once—but again and again
within the last few weeks. He speaks not so much
of a possibility, not so much even of a probability,
as of what he himself regards as an absolute cer-
tainty. He tells the whole twenty-three millions
of the Italians that the time for their crown-
ing and final conflict is at hand. Lombardy
has no doubt been completely wrested from the
possession of Austria. The grand army of France
under NAPOLEON, as the Emperor-Commander-in-
Chief—VICTOR EMMANUEL and his Sardinians co-
operating with him in the exploit, and (in spite of
NAPOLEON) GARIBALDI and his Free Lances, also
between the shores of the northern lakes and the
mountains—accomplished that work of emancipa-
tion. Tuscany, Parma, Modena, and the rest
of the little continguous principalities were
shaken free by the mere concussion of that
brief, hut fierce and decisive struggle. They
were all absorbed in the growing dominions of the
new King of Italy, the new wearer of the iron
crown of NAPOLEON and CHARLEMAGNE. Then, as
the last and the grandest coup of all, come the trans-
ference en masse of the whole Neapolitan territories,
including among them the glorious Island of Sicily,
from the sovereignty of FRANCIS 11. to the sove-
reignty of VICTOR EMMANUEL. A transference this
effected not by a gigantic army led by his Imperial
Majesty the French EMPEROR, but one accom-
plished by a little band of Italian heroes led by
a Savoyard Captain mere remarkable in many ways
than all the Kings and Emperors among whom he
has almost single-handed, and in spite of enormous
odds, been triumphantly working out his achiev-
ments. The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies passing
as by a sleight-of-hand, from the unsafe keeping of
FRANCIS 11. to the "safe keeping" of VICTOR EM-
MANUEL at the hey presto of GARIBALDI and his
Garibaldians. And now it is the author of this
political marvel who speaks to Italy with a voice of
authority, telling the sons of Italy that tl• e hour
is upon the very verge of striking, that Hour the
sounding of which is to be nothing less than the
tocsin of their final liberation. And all this while

the Italian Government, the National Government
of the Roman Peninsula, has been energetically,
unceasingly, and systematically preparing for the
very emergency now at hund. It is as if all the
rival parties had with one consent sworn a truce
to their old and apparently implacable enmities
over the grave of Cavour.
An unanimity so complete and so long sustained
augurs well for the hopes of those who are

still bent upon realizing in their own way the pro-
gramme announced by NAPOLEON 111. in the famous
Milan proclamation, but afterwards abandoned by
His Imperial Majesty —when the victory of Solfe-
rino had been followed up by the anticlimax
of the Treaty of Villafranca. That programme
being simply--Italy for the Italians, Italy
free from the Alps to the Adriatic. It is something
auspicious for the Italians to remember that, at
the head of those whom we have spoken of as still
bent upon realising this magnificent daydream, if
the world fails to see any longer the astute intel-
lect of Count CAVOUR, it still can recogniso,facile
prrnceps, the matchless heroism of General GARI
BALDI.

Simultaneously with the appearance of Sir
JOSHUA JEBB'S annual blue book, giving a condensed
report of the working of the convict system in this
country—the learned Recorder of Birmingham, in
his charge to the grand jury, takes occasion to ccm-
ment very seriously upon the evils incident to the
present Ticket-of-leave system, and the deplorable
increase of crime, shall we say in consequence!
Whatever Mr. M. D. HILL has to say upon matters
of this vital importance—agree with him as we
may or not—what he says is always worthlistening
to. He is a man of too large experience, of too sound
a judgment, of too humane and generous a tempera-

meat—not to take the kindliest, and the most
philanthropic view of these matters, and to speak
of them invariably from the depth of his own
earnest conviction. He has done this undeni-
ably in the present instance, and while so doing,
according to his wont, has spoken this time
more than ever impressively. Among the
more suggestive of these remarks, we take
the following to be eminently worthy of
consideration. Speaking of the Ticket of Leave
System as it is, Mr. M. D. HILL observes—" It is,
I am sorry to say, of much less importance than
could be wished, whether the convict be discharged
because he has completed his sentence, or upon
ticket-of-leave before such completion ; because, as
we have been repeatedly informed in the speeches of
Sir GEORGE GREY, the grant of a ticket-of-leave
by no means implies reformation in the recipient.
And so long as, in addition to this defect in our
practice, the Executive Government in England
shall take no steps to enforce the good conduct of
the ticket-of-leave man by the revocation of his
license until he is convicted of a new offence, but,
on the contrary, whatever be the profligacy of his
life and the notoriety of his want of any visible
means of subsistence, shall still leave him at large
to follow his evil courses, so long will the presence
of discharged convicts in any town be a severe
calamity to its inhabitants, stimulating vete-
ran criminals to pernicious activity, and aug-
menting their forces by the addition of many
a recruit." Nor is this all: the Recorder of
Birmingham going on to acknowledge—" Under
any circumstances it would be painful and humi-
liating to expose to the world our shortcomings in
prison discipline. But I cannot express to you the
mortification I endure when I compare the state of

things in England with that in Ireland. I have
made two visits, at the distance of four years, to

that island for the purpose of scrutinising with care
and diligence the working of the Irish convict sys-
tem, under the superintendence of Captain CROF-
TON and his meritorious colleagues. There you will
find the grant of a ticket-of-leave is never made ex-
cept on strong proofs of reformation ;' but as the
strongest proofs may be deceptive, and as even a
convict truly reformed may relapse, when he be-
comes entirely his own master, the work of super-
vision is not nominal, but real, and is most effi-
ciently continued during his whole probation—that
is, until the sentence passed upon him by the judge
has expired. If before that period he is found to
deviate into courses suggestive of relapse into a crimi-
nal career, or of proclivity towards crime, his license
is instantly cancelled, and he is carried back to
gaol." In a later part of his address to the Grand
Jury, at Birmingham, Mr. HILL comes frankly to
the point thus :—"The objections periodically urged
against assimilating the English to the Irish sys-
tem—the conclusive answers to which are also peri-
odically withheld—produce less and less conviction
on the popular mind with every repetition. The
Congress for the Promotion of Social Science held
in Dublin, during the last summer, drew there a
concourse of English, many of whom were con-
versant with the treatment of criminals and deeply
interested in its amendment, and a large number of
persons, including many magistrates, all competent
to form a trustworthy opinion upon the subject,

came away convinced of the great superiority of the
Irish over the English method of treatment. Their

report has sent other magistrates to Ireland, who
have, as I have ascertained, returned expressing
the most lively satisfaction with the result of their

inquiries." Knowing all which—as we cannot fail
to do, if we but open our eyes to its recognition—
let us not (here in England) be too proud to learn,
even though the teaching comes to us from
Ireland.

The Duke and Duchess of Wellington are abou
to receive a select party tut Strathfieldsaye.

The Duke and Duchess of Argyll returned to
their residence at Campden-hill, Kensington, from spend-
ing a few days with the Duchess (Dowager) of Sutherland,
at Cliefden, near Maidenhead.

The Marquis of Lansdowne and the Earl and
Countess of Shelburne are expected in town in a few days
horn Bowood.

The Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter are
shortly expected in town from Ireland.
The Earl and Countess of Chesterfield have left
Grosvenor-square for Gedling Ledge, Nottingham.

The Earl of Dalhousie is residing at Cannes for
the benefit of his health, which has greatly improved since
his lordship sought that mild climate. The noble earl is
expected to return home by Easter.

Viscount and Viscountess Vaughan have arrived
at Thomas's Hotel, Berkeley-square, from Tredegar Park

Lcrd and Lady Burghley have left town on a
visit to the Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter, at
Burghley Hall, Stamford.

Lord
and Lady Blantyre have come to town
from visiting the Duchess (Dowager) of Sutherland, at
Cliefden.

Lady William Powlett has arrived at her res
dence in Curzon-street from Downham Hall, Suffolk.

Sir George and Lady Julia Villiers are passing
the winter at their seat in Yorkshire. The Countess of
Jersey is staying with Sir George and her ladyship.
Lieutenant-General and Mrs. Robbins have
arrived at the Burlington Hotel, Cork-street, from Mal-
wood Castle, Lyndhurst, Hants.
On Saturday, at the Institut de France, Paris, M.
Mignet gave an oration in praise of the late Mr. Hallam,
author of " The Constitutional History of England." M.
Mignet was very pathetic in his allusions to Mr. Hallam's
loss of his two sons, and Tennyson's elegy upon the eldest
of them. M. Mignet was warmly applauded.

The Order of St. Maurice has been recently con-
ferred by the King of Italy on one of our countrymen, Mr.
Thomas A. Trollope, son of the authoress of " Widow Bar-
naby," and brother to the author of " Framloy Parsonage,"
who is well known in Italy as the writer of " Filippo
Strozzi" and " Tuscany in '49 and 's9:' Mrs. Irollope
now of a great age, still resides at Florence, which city now
also contains the consul of Spezzia, better known to the
world as the author of " Charles O'Malley."
THE LATE PRINCE CONSORT.—We have reason
to believe that an address of condolence to her Majesty is
about to be circulated among all the branches of the Per-
manent Civil Service. This token of sympathy has met
with the approval of the Heads of Departments, and, no
doubt, will meet with a hearty response from all quarters.

EXPORT OF COAL FROM GREAT GRIMSBY.—The
following is a return of coal exported from the port of Great
Grimsby during the month of December, 1861:—To France,
3,817 tons; to Denmark, 643 tons; to Hanover, 146 tons;
to the Hanseatic Towns, 1,156 tons; to Prussia, 163 tons ;
to the West India Islands, 29 tons ; to Norway, 91 tons;
total foreign, 6,045 tons; total coastwise, 795 tons; grand
total, 6,840 tons.
THE ST. LAWRENCE.---A letter from Toronto,
dated Dec. 19, states:—"l see the English Government are
sending out troops to Canada. It would be a great thing if
they knew what a wonderfully mild season we have, and
that at the present time troops could be sent out by the St.
Lawrence without the slightest danger."
PROPOSED WIDENING AND ENLARGEMENT OF
THE LONDON AND BLACKWALL RAILWAY.—The plans for
the widening and enlargement of this company's line show
that the proposed improvements will commence at Church
lane, Whitechapel, and St. George's-in-the-East, passing
over Frederick-street, and terminating at Sarah-place,
further extending over Cannon-street-road, running by
Cross-street on the east, and Charles-street, and terminat-
ing at Little Union-street, St. George's-in-the-East. Ad-
ditional lands are also to be taken for the accommodation
of the increasing goods traffic and in connexion with the
various stations, buildings, and the branch line now in
course of construction to the London Docks ; the cost to be
defrayed out of a sum of £300,000, which the company are
already empowered to raise by issue of preference shares.
A prospectus has been issued of the London and
South of Ireland Direct Telegraph Company, with a capi-
tal of £lOO,OOO, in £lO shares. The line will cross from
Milford to Wexford, Cork, and Queenstown, and the com-
pany have obtained an exclusive concession for a station at
Roche's Point, at the entrance to Cork harbour, where the
pilots reside, and whence they board the steamers, thus
enabling telegrams to be sent so as to reach London a con-
siderable time before the mail tender can arrive at Queens-
town. The submarine cable is to be constructed by Messrs.
S. W. Silver and Co., under their patent for indiarubber,
which was declared by the late G Nenament Committee on
Submarine Telegraphy to surpass all other materials in the
principal qualites essential to such works. The whole line
will, it is said, be ready for use early in the spring, and its
maintenance will be guaranteed by tho contractors,

MR. GLADSTONE.—It is expected that the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer will arrive in Edinburgh on Thurs-
day, or early on Friday next (unless prevented by sudden
pressure of public business), to preside at a university meet-
ing in his capacity of Lord Rector. On Saturday Mr.

Gladstone is announced to take part in the proceedings of
the annual meeting of the Endowment Association for the

Episcopal Church of Scotland, at which the Duke of Buc-

clench, will preside, and he is expected to assist on the
same day at the laying of the foundation stone of a new
Episcopal church in Leith.—Scotsman.

DEATH OF THE EARL OF YARBOROUGH.—After a
prolonged illness the Earl of Yarborough died at Brighton
late in the evening of yesterday. Since Saturday he had

been in a very precarious condition, and in consequence of
his illness Lord Worsley was telegraphed for, and had the
consolation of being with his father at his dissolution. The
Right Hon. Charles Anderson Pelham, Earl of Yarborough,
Baron Yarborcugh, of Yarborough, county of Lincoln, and
Baron Worsley, of Appulderconae, Isle of Wight, in the
peerage of the United Kingdom, was the only surviving son
of Charles, first Earl, by Henrietta, second daughter of the
Hon. John Bridgman-Simpson. He was born on the 9th
April, 1809, and married on the 16th Dec., 1831, the Hon.
Maria Adelaide Maude, second daughter of the late and sis-
ter of the present Viscount Hawarden, by whom (who sur-
vives) he leaves issue two sons, Lord Worsley, M.P., and
the Hon. Evelyn Cornwallis Pelham, and a daughter, Lady
Sophia Pelham. Previous to September, 1846, the late
peer was in the House of Commons. Before the passing of
the Reform Bill ho was elected representative for Newtons
(Hants), in 1830, and also for the following year. In 1832
he was elected for Lincolnshire, which county he uninter-
ruptedly represented until the death of his father in 1846,
when of course he removed to the Upper House. Several
years back Lord Yarborough was stricken by paralysis, from
which he cannot be said to have ever recovered. In 1854
he was appointed Vice-Admiral of Lincolnshire, and in

1857 was made Lord-Lieutenant of the county. His lord-
ship is succeeded in the family honours and estates by his
son Charles (hitherto Lord Worsley, ALPO, born Jan. 1,
1835, and married to Lady E. Hare, daughter of the late
Earl of Listowel. His lordship has sat in the House of
Commons for the borough of Great Grimsby since 1857,
and by his elevation to the House of Lords a vacancy
occurs in the representation of that borough. The family
name of the late Earl's ancestors was Anderson, but in
compliance with an uncle's will the family adopted the
name of Pelham.

THE CARLISLE MURDER.—On Monday the ad-
journed inquest on the body of Jane Emmerson was
resumed. by Mr. Carrick, Coroner, at the Court-house,
Carlisle. Evidence similar to that given before the magis-
trates was tendered on behalf of Thomas Robinson, the
man whom Charlton had implicated, and a complete alibi
was proved in his favour. Robinson stands acquitted of
all complicity by both the decision of the magistrates and
the veraict of the coroner's jury. In reference to Charlton,
who was very downcast, it was proved that he had got shoes
mended similar to those which had made the impressions at
the scene of the murder. Inspector Douglas, in digging
the prisoner's garden, found two skeleton keys, one of which
opened the old woman's door; and Inspector Taylor de.
posed to having walked from the railway sheds to the cross-
ing in 17 minutes—the object being to show that the pri-
soner, who was seen coming from that direction on the
morning of the murder, had occupied the 20 minutes which
elapsed between that time and his leaving the sheds (to go,
as he said, for his knife) in putting the gates right so as to
let the first train pass. The coroner having summed up,
the jury returned a verdict of " Wilful Murder" against
William Charlton.

THE TRADE OUTRAGES NEAR SHEFFIELD.—The
hearing of the charge against the three r ailmakers—Joseph
Tomlinson and Isaac and James Watson, the two former
of Chesterfield and the latter of Belper—for blowing up
two shops with gunpowder at Thorpe Hesley, was resumed
at the Rotherham Court-house on Monday. On the part
of the prisoners seven or eight respectable persons were
called from Belper, and they united in stating that Isaac
Watson was in that town, which is 35 miles from Thorpe
Healey, at 10 on the night of the 21st of Dec. Neither the
character nor the testimony of any of these witnesses was
impugned in the slightest degree. A witness was also
called to prove that James Watson went home with him

from Chesterfield to Belper by the 10 past 8 train at night.
For the prisoner Tomlinson an inspector and two privates
in the Chesterfield police force stated that on the night of
the 21st, at 10 minutes to 11 o'clock, he was seen by them
in a state of almost helpless intoxication, going towards his
residence in Chesterfield. The witnesses for the prosecution
were equally confident in asserting that the prisoners were
at Thorpe. The solicitors for the prisoners (Mr. J. G.
Walker, of Belper), asked the bench to dismiss the pri-
soners at once, as it was clear the police had got the wrong
men, but the magistrates almost immediately decided to
send the prisoners for trial. They committed them to York
Assizes, and refused to accept bail.

AFRICAN EXPLORATION. The small paddle
steam-vessel Investigator, recently built at Deptford, and
commissioned by Lieutenant• Commanding B. L. Lefroy,
having received her crew, is to be forwarded for the ser-
vice of Dr. Livingstone in exploring the Zambesi, and the
interior of Africa. She is a remarkably light vessel, and
her engines at full speed will perform upwards of ten knots
an hour.
At the Mansioa-house, yesterday, after the ordi-
nary business of the Cour t had been disposed of, Mr. Fresh-
field, the solicitor to the Bank of England, attended on
behalf of the Governors, and produced an inkstand, made
in porcelain, on the top of which was a fac simile of a £5
Bank of England note, which he stated had been taken to
the Bank of England, by a gentleman who had purchased
it, to know if the manufacture of such an article was an in-
fringement of the law. The gentleman gave the name of
the manufacturer, and he had given every information in
his power. Mr. Freshfield refrained from mentioning the
name, but said inquiries had been instituted, and the Bank
authorities had decided not to take any steFs in the matter,
but merely desired publicity to be given to it, and to let the
public know that it was an infringement of the Act 24 and
25 Vic., cap. 98. The Lord Mayor said that if any such
case came within his jurisdiction he would deal with it ac-
cording to the provisions of the act.
TOTTENHAM-COURT-ROAD.—There is not another
portion of London that offers an easier, a cheaper, or a more
useful occasion for the good offices of the great Metropolitan
Commissioners than this core of ancient, filthy, and crazy
tenements. A line drawn in continuation directly from
Tottenham-court-read would strike in upon the ragged
school at the south-west angle of St. Giles's-churchyard.
Not to do violence to the vested rights of old High-street,
a block of four houses, extending from Denmark-place to
Denmark-street, need only be demolished—thence the line
drawn in direct um would strike in, across an angle of the
burying-ground, upon Church-passage, and so in con-
tinuation upon Great White Lion-street, across Seven-
dials by Little White Lion-street and Banbury's-court, into
back slums, and within 100 yards of King-street, just at
the corner of Covent-garden, and next to Evans's Hotel.
On this direct line one side of these mean streets should
certainly be demolished, and the road enlarged to 70 or 80
feet. The opposite side might be left to improve itself,
while the new building ranges would as surely compensate
the outlay upon the project. In the line laid down, which
would be perfectly straight, from the beginning at St.
Giles's Church, only about 300 yards of new street would
require to be cut open and laid out—one half at the ragged
school end, the other at the issue into Covent-garden ; the
property to be dealt with being of the lowest class, and
therefore the cheapest ; while at the same time there
would be less hesitation on the part of builders to take
plots and erect houses where the street is already com-
pletely built on one side, paved, lighted, and occupied.—
Builder.
SUDDEN DEATH OF A COMEDIAN.—Mr. Mungall,
so well known in Edinburgh and the Scottish provinces
generally as a low comedian and broad delineator of Scot-
tish character, died very suddenly at his lodgings in Leo-
pold-place, on Saturday afternoon. He went to bed, com-
plaining of cold, and was found by his landlady dead a few
hours subsequently. Muneall was more strictly a panto-
mimist of the very broadest school than a low comedian,
and will probably be associated in the recollections of play-
goers with that coterie of rollicking Scottish actors now
almost extinct. He had made a very successful Australian
tour, and, it was made: stood, had acquired a considerable
competency for his age. Muir, gall never belonged, as far as
we recollect, to any stock company, and has had engage-
ments of £6O a week on many occasions.—Edinburgh
Courant.
FRENCH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—A word hav-
ing been omitted in the enunciation of the question pro-
posed for the Bordin prize, it has now been republished as
follows :—" To determine by anatomical research whether,
in the structure of the stalks or trunks of plants, there
exist characteristics peculiar to the great natural families,
thus agreeing with those deduced from the organs of repro-
duction." M. Chevreul has announced that he has disco-
vered the existence rf butyric acid in the fruit of the
Gingko birioba. M. Ch. Saint-Claire Deville, writing from
Naples, states that he has, in the present eruption of Vesu-
vius, ascertained the new fact that carburetted hydrogen
has been evolved by the volcano. Dr. Guyon has sent in
an interesting communication on the effects of the sting
of a horned viper (Cerastes dEgyptiacus) on an Arab
of the oasis of Laghouat, one hundred and twenty
leagues south of Algiers. After the lapse of a month,
during which the wound had healed, the patient was
attacked with paralysis on the side opposite that where the
sting had been inflicted. The author quotes several in-
stances of this curious fact of paralysis ensuing after the
bite of a reptile, and on the side opposite to that which has
received the wound. M. Bertherand announces the disco-
very of the fossil bones of a new and gigantic Saurian in a
cutting recently made for a railway lino near Poligny. The
animal must have been between 90 and 120 feet in length,
and must have existed towards the end of the triasic period.
Marshal Vaillant has communicated to the Academy a
report from the commander of the Alecton, who, on the 30th
of November last, fell in, forty leagues off Teneriffe, with
an enormous polypus, measuring from 15 to 18 feet, with
arms from five to six feet in length. Ineffectual attempts
were made to catch it; for while the crew were hauling it
on board by the tail, which had been caught in a noose, the
weight of the animal caused it to fall into the sea again,
leaving only a part of its tail in the noose.

LATEST NEWS.

REINFORCEMENTS FOR
CANADA.

LIVERPOOL, lAN. 7.
The Persia arrived at Bic on the 27th of Be-

cember.

The Australasian encountered a severe snow
storm on the 23d and 24th, near Anticosti, and it
was, in consequence, considered prudent to put
back to Halifax, where she arrived on the 26th.

It was not known whether the Australasian
would land her troops at Halifax or proceed again

o Bic.

THE MONI7EUR ON THE TRENT AFFAIR.
PARIS, JAN. 8.

The Moniteur of this morning says, in its politi-
cal bulletin :

"In presence of the contradictory news which
the arrival- of the last post from America has put
in circulation, we think it will be useful to ac-
quaint the public that on the 26th December—the
last date on which it was possible to receive news
—no reply had yet been made to the communica-
tion of the British Minister."

THE ITALIAN PARLIAMENT.
TURIN, JAN. 8.
The report that the Ministry had deliberated on
:he dissolution of Parliament ig unfounded.

Baron Ricasoli has demanded a credit of
2,000,000 lire, to purchase arms for the National

Guard.

PESTH, JAN. 8.

Martial law has been proclaimed in the Comitat
of Pesth for trying cases of rapine, murder, arson,
and desertion.

The punishment of death by hanging is declared
against any person without distinction of rank or
quality, who may be convicted of either of these
offences.

ROME, SAN. 6.
To-day the Pope convoked a Consistory, and ap-
pointed a new Archbishop for Warsaw.
His Holiness will celebrate a funeral service for
the late King of Portugal on the 14th inst.

TRIESTE, JAN. 7.

Advices received here from Athens to the 28th
ult. state that a violent shock of earthquake had
occurred along the northern coast of the Pelopon-
nesus. Athens was uninjured, but New and Old
Corinth, Zgina, and Patras had been damaged.

The Chambers at Athens had voted a sum of
0,000 drachmas to relieve the sufferers by this

catastrophe.

MADRID, JAN. 6, ETENINO.

The Government has decided upon admitting the
Sumter into the port of Cadiz on condition that she
should place the prisoners under the protection of

Spain.

It is rumoured that the American Consul will
leave in consequence of this resolution.

PARIS, JAN 7.

The Patric and the Pays of this evening assert
that the Washington Cabinet had offered to restore
the Confederate Commissioners.
The Patrie adds that this offer was made on con-
dition that England should not recognize the
South.

TURIN, JAN. 7.
A reactionary movement has taken place at
Castellamare in Sicily.

Troops have been despatched from Palermo to
the scene of the disturbances.

The population of Palermo is very excited, and
has offered to co-operate with the Government in
the suppression of the movement.

The reactionary band of Carbone has been dis•

persed.

FRANCE.
The Monzteur publishes the following letter from
Vera Cruz of the 30th Nov. :
" In the midst of embarassments and internal
struggles, the Government of Juarez has, up to the
present time, affected the greatest indifference to
the remonstranees of Europe. At six o'clock in
the evening of the 11th inst., the delay given to
the Mexican Government by the French Minister to
reply to his ultimatum, expired. On that day
only the Minister of Foreign Affairs communicated
the document to the Congress at a private sitting.
A few days after, was made known the refusal to
accede to the conditions which the French Minis-
ter had been charged to demand in the name of
the Emperor's Government. Mr. Corwin, the
United States Minister, endeavoured, it is said,
to bring about an arrangement, but on the other
hand it appears certain that at a national fete
which took place in Mexico on Nov. 3, the French
Minister, while walking in the crowd with one of
his colleagues, was insulted in the most brutal man-
ner by one of the adepts of the Government of
Juarez. The Mexican press has since that time
launched out in the most violent manner against
M. Dubois de Saligny. The Government gave
orders to prosecute the journals which published
offensive articles against the French Minister, but
they only gave way to still greater violence in their
remarks. The situation of affairs became every day
more and more difficult, What is most curious is
that it does not appear at all impossible that before
the arrival of the allies, the Government of Juarez
may be overthrown by his rivals in the country,
and put to flight."
BOURSE, Jan. 7.—The market has shown rather
more buoyancy, and a fair amount of business has
been transacted at an improvement on the closing
rates of the previous day. Threes, for the Account,
are now at 67f 75c. Railways firm.
The following are the last quotations :-
41 per per Cents ... 96 50 Credit Fonder 1167 50
Do end month.... 96 6b' Belgian
3 per Cents
Do. end month 67 90 Roman
Bank Shares 2950 Austrian .. 6B 75

Credit Mobilier 715
Do. Account 717 50

Spanieh Threes
llome Debt

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans 1317 50 .. 1320
Northern
New ditto .. 902 50 .. 905 I
Lyons and Mediterranean 1022 60 .. 1025
G eneva .
Southern 670 .. 672 50
Western
Eastern
Sardinian 323 75 .. 325
Austrian
Lombard 613 75 .. 515

THE EU.ROPA AMERICAN MAIL.

-r► --

The arrangements for expressing the American

mails throughout from Queenstown to London,
which we described as being so successfully executed
with the mails brought by the Africa last week,
have been repeated with still more satisfactory re-
sults in the case of the mails brought by the Eu-
ropa. These results are so exceptional that we re-
cord them in detail. The Europa arrived off Queens-
town, about five miles from the pier, at 9 p.m. on
Monday night. ller mails and the despatches from
Lord Lyons were placed on board the small tender
in waiting, and arrived at the Queenstown pier at
10 5 p.m., at which point they were transferred to
an express steamboat for conveyance by river to
Cork. Leaving Queenstown pier at 10 10 p.m. they
arrived alongside the quay at Cork at 11 15 p.m.,
and 13 minutes afterwards the special train left the
Cork station for Dublin, accomplishing the journey
to Dublin (166 miles) in four hours and three
minutes, i.e., at a speed of about 41 miles an hour

including stoppages. The transmission through the
streets between the railway termini in Dublin and
by special train to Kingstown occupied only 36
minutes, and in four minutes more the special mail-
boat Ulster was on her way to Holyhead, The dis-

tance across the Irish Channel, about 66 statute
miles, was performed by the Ulster, against a con-
trary tide and heavy sea, in 3 hours and 47 minutes,
giving a speed of about 17i miles an hour. The
special train, which had been in waiting for about
48 hours, left the Holyhead station at 8 13 a.m.,
and it was from this point that the most remarkable
part of this rapid express commenced. The run from
Holyhead to Stafford, 1301 miles, occupied only 145
minutes, being at the rate of no less than 54 miles
an hour, and although so high a speed was judici-
ously not attempted over the more crowded portion
of the line from Stafford to London, the whole dis-
tance from Holyhead to Euston, 264 miles, was per-
formed by the London and North-Western Company
in exactly five hours, or at a speed of about 52 2-3
miles an hour—a speed unparalleled over so
long a line, crowded with ordinary traffic. The
entire distance from Queenstown pier to Euston-
square, about 515 miles, was thus traversed in 15
hours and three minutes. or at an average speed of
about 342,1, miles an hour, including all delays neces-
sary for the several transfers of the mails from boat
to railway, or vice versa. The time occupied by the
similar express with the Africa's mails was 16 hours

and 50 minutes, and not 17 hours and 10 minutes,
as was stated in our last account. By means of the
invention for supplying the tender with water from
a trough in transitu the engine was enabled to run
its first stage of 1301 miles, from Holyhead to
Stafford, without stopping.