The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-14 00:00:00

THE SALARIES OF THE OFFICERS.

A report was brought up from the Main Drainage Com-
mittee, recommending that a gratuity of £lO5 be awarded
to Mr. Creasy in consideration of extra services rendered
by him in the preparation of plans and specifications and
supervisloc-of the construction of the threo gas meter test-
ing houses. The report stated that he had dovoted a deal
of time to the subject, and had worked after his usual
office hours.

Mr. FREEMAN moved the adoption of the report, and said
the committee thought at first of employing some extra
person, but afterwards decided that it would be better for
Mr. Creasy to do the work, and ho had done so, and that
after his usual office hours.
Mr. PECKETT seconded the motion.

Mr. SuAs TAYLOR thought it rather a peculiar sort of
proceeding, but after he heard that Mr. Creasy had worked
after his usual office hours he should not oppose the motion.
Mr. FREEMAN replied, and
The CHAIRMAN put the motion, which passed unani-
mously.

The Main Drainage Committee brought up their report,
recommending that the salary of the chief engineer (Mr.
J. W. Bazalgette) be raised from £1,500 to £2,000 per an-
num; that he be allowed £2OO per annum for travelling
and incidental expenses, as heretofore, and that the rejoin-
tion of the Board of the 21st of November, 1862, be altered
and varied accordingly. That the salaries of the engineers,
Messrs. Lovick, Grant, and Cooper, be raised from £5OO to
£BOO per annum each ; that they be allowed £2OO par
annum each for travelling and incidental expenses, as
heretofore ; and that the resolution of the Board of the let
of November, 1861, be varied and altered accordingly.
Mr. FREEMAN moved the adoption of the report, and
Mr. PECKETT seconded the motion.

Mr. SAVAGE objected to the report being received, and
moved an amendment—" That the salary of the chief en-
gineer be raised from £1,500 to £2,000 per annum; that
he be allowed £2OO per annum for travelling and incidental
expenses, until the completion of the Main Drainage works
and those works already ordered by the Board, for the im-
provement of the main sewers under Schedule D to the
Metropolis Local Management Act, when such allowance
shall cease and determine, and that the resolution of the
Board of the 21st of November, 1862, be altered and varied
accordingly. That the salaries of the assistant engineers,
Messrs. Lovick, Grant, and Cooper, be raised from £5OO to
£BOO per annum each ; that they be allowed £2OO per an-
num each for travelling and incidental expenses, until the
completion of the Main Drainage works and those works
already ordered by the Board, for the improvement of the
main sewers under Schedule D to the Metropolis Local
Management Act, when such allowance shall cease and
determine ; and that the resolution of the Board of the Ist
of November, 1861, be altered and varied accordingly."
After some discussion the amendment was negatived on
a show of hands by a large majority.
Mr. H. L. TAYLOR moved a second amendment, to the
effect that Mr. Bualgette's salary be raised to £l,BOO per
annum, and after an animated discussion it was negatived
by a majority of 25 to 9.
The original motion was then put, and upon a division
carried by a majority of 28 to 5.
work of the Board
enTginheeemreofe
triennifxormionctree
masionogpethr eanstatinamriewsaoefthtehne
proposed,
and after an unavailing attempt to reduce the proposed
increase by £lOO, the original motion was agreed to.
of
him-
self and the assistant engineers to
Mr. J. W. BAZALGETTE said he begged behalf
vote it had just passed. It should
be
Binoamrdinfdorththaot
thanhketlinee
they were not getting younger. The
• • that it would increase s 1
come to them
tembeeat
experience in the work
next ten years. They had more
ago,
hhaisdogrinmeatolny increased during the last tentll ymeearres,
dannrdinitgwthaes
now than they had ten years and, indeed, they were
itlalhwaadybes
Board, and under any circumstances they
would continuo to do so. However much the work might
increase, they would never be found to grumble at it—
energies to the
lnaobwo
usro enthusiasticof
delight.
hear)—but would get through it to the best of their
Theyin iit that
had
a(bbeilairties. (Hear.) It was gratifying to them to find that
their energies had been appreciated in such a manner by
the board, and it would encourage them to persevere in
the same course with greater energy. (Hear.)

THE SEWAGE UTILISATION ACT.
It was stated with regard to the Sewage Utilisation Act
that the 11th section, while very important as affecting
streams and watercourses outside the metropolitan area,
does not appear to affect those within the area under the
jurisdiction of the Board.

After the usual routine business had been disposed of the
Board adjourned.

DEATH OF A FRENCII VETERAN.—The Monitcur
de 11 Armee announces the death of Colonel Andrew
Kennedy, Commander of the Legion of Honour at Lander-
nau, where he fixed his residence when ho retired from the
service. Colonel Kennedy was appointed to the command
of the 33d Regiment of the Line in 1860, and was indebted
for his elevation solely to his own merit. Born at Kilcock,
in the county of Kildare, in Ireland, in 1804, he entered
the Regiment of Hohenloho as a private in 1825. He made
four campaigns in the More, and fourteen in Algeria. Ho
particularly distinguished himself in the expedition against
Kabylia in 1857, under Marshal Random

LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER.I4, 1865.

~ -

The journey of Herr VON BISMARK to Biarritz
has caused great surprise, and of course given
rise to many speculations, some of a likely nature,
and some rather extravagant in their character. In
fact, Prussia has by this time become so much
involved in matters of contrivance, and pursues so
tortuous a line of policy, that it is only natural for
men to regard all the actions of her statesmen with
distrust and suspicion. .The prevalent idea seems
to be that compensation is required by France,
which indeed it has been for some time past, and
therefore the Prussian Minister has gone off to
make the initiative, a.sit were, and to commence
negotiations of an important character. It is not
likely that anything at all of a definite nature will
be settled just yet, for at present all is comparatively
quiet, and there is no valid reason why the French
EMPEROR should insist upon any immediate advan-
tage being given to France, or why the Berlin
statesman should agree to it. It is by far the most
likely solution of the mystery •to believe that a
Congress is again on the tapis, and no doubt the
Emperor NAPOLEON will not object to that scheme,
since he was the first to propose it himself two
years ago ; and had it not been for the blundering
of Lord RUSSELL it would have been carried out,
and no doubt have led to a better issue
than was arrived at in the question of the
Duchies. Certainly it could not possibly have
conduced to a worse; end, and perhaps Herr VON
BISMARK thinks by conciliating France in this
movement he will ward off dangers, since his most
formidable opponent is certainly in that direction.
So far as we are concerned it would seem as if our
Government had given carte-blanche to Prussia to
pursue any possible course of opposition and carry
on any system of extortion. At any rate if Herr
VON BISMARK believed it wise and prudent to con-
cede in time, it is not likely that he would be able
to overrule the objections of others, or stem the tide
of opposition that would indubitably het in if any

proposal were made to relinquish the territories
under the sway of King WILLLL&M. The people
of Prussia, from the highest to the lowest, are just
n3w inflated with the idea of aggrandisement, and
it is not at all probable that in the first flush of suc-
COSS they would give way or cede their own.

In all human probability France will eventually
become possessed of the Rhenish provinces, but not
just yet. Herr VON BISMARK has no doubt gone
to France to smooth matters and pave the way
for future plans, or else if he sees any great aversion
exhibited to his proposals, to draw back in time and
avoid provoking wrath he may not be able to with-
stand.

Many persons affirm that the leave of France is
sought for to annex the Duchies altogether to the
rule of Prussia and Austria, and although this is
stoutly denied by others, no doubt there is much
truth in it. Although nominally settled for the
time being, in case of a very strong opposition, there
might be some changes introduced which might
materially alter the complexion of things. It would
indeed be a very dangerous game for Herr VON
BISMARK to play to endeavour to put Austria alto-
gether out of possession: and to induce France to
consent to any terms. Such an arrangement would
be a very suicidal one, because Austria is the natural
ally of Prussia, and can be of great service to her
both in peace and war. If the project is carried
out of buying off the claims, real or imaginary, of
the Vienna Cabinet, there will still lurk in the back-
ground an irritated feeling and a latent bitterness
that it will take long to suppress. All surmises as
yet can be but vague and indefinite, although this
visit to Biarritz is one of such great importance and
so significant at the present juncture that it is not
to be wondered at that many different reasons are
assigned for it. Meanwhile the Prussian Go-
vernment is doing its utmost to consolidate
its rule in Schleswig, and is ingeniously
contriving matters so that, directly or indirectly,
it may be an acknowledged theory that the King of
Prussia is the virtual ruler in that province. All
the internal arrangements are gradually becoming
altered, and every effort is being made to increase
the accommodation and develope the resources of the
Duchy. We doubt, in a material point of view, the
introduction of Prussian rule in the place will so far
be an advantage, although nothing can in reality
compensate-for the loss of liberty and the complete
absorption of all individuality as a race, and inde-
pendence as a people, which will inevitably ensue if
the schemes of the Berlin Government are carried
out to a successful issue.

Whatever else may impede the progress of Herr
VON BISMARK'S policy, it is very certain that no
very formidable obstacle will be interposed by the
smaller States of Germany. These are too busy
squabbling among themselves, and too intent on
their own individual notions of aggrandisement,
that very little of a practical nature will be done.
No doubt the plans of the scheming Minister are
formed with all the more hardihood on account of
this want of unity among the several States who
interfere with his projects, but are powerless to do
so effectually. The Assembly of Deputies at
Frankfort was a decided failure, for there is
no end to the variety of plans and confusion
of purposes now set forth. Of course, out of
this melee the crafty Minister, who rules both the
KENO and the Government of Prussia, can draw his
own advantage, and while secretly deriding their
pretensions fulfil his own designs, surely if slowly,
and steadfastly if with caution. An effective speech
was made:by M. BAUM, the Nassau deputy, against
the proposal made for a closer alliance of the secon-
dary States. He denounced it in strong terms, and
said that the idea was identical with the former
scheme of the " Confederation of the Rhine,"
which had already in other days involved such mis-
chief. It was a " tool of corruption" in the hands
of foreigners, which had led " thousands of their
fathers and forefathers to the battle fields of
Europe in French pay, and for French interests,"
to the disgrace of the German name, and enslave-
ment of their countrymen." The fact is that no
progress can be made in Germany while there is so
much diversity of opinion and so little evidence of
public spirit among the people. We hear an im-
mense deal about unanimity, but there is hardly
any in reality, and the interminable jealousies
that exist in all directions pave the way for the
success of an adroit manoeuvre like Herr vox BIS-
MARK, who is indefatigable in the pursuance of his
projects, while his opponents of a smaller rank
waste their energies in talking, and never concen-
trate them in any definite plan of action. The
policy of Prussia at present is one that is a
disgrace to all at home or abroad, whether
friends or allies ; but it is a very daring
one, and can only be carried on by the
greatest assurance and audacity ; and in these re-
spects Herr VON BISMARK is certainly not wanting,
for he is ready for everything, and always eager for
action, whether he seeks to annex a province, face a
hostile Chamber of Deputies, or travel off Tost
haste to arrange the preliminaries for a Congress. .

The question of middle-class education is un-
doubtedly a very wide and a very important one.
At no time of our history has the middle class
occupied a more important position. At no time
has it possessed more privileges, more responsi-
bilities, more advantages. The welfare of a state
is always pretty accurately represented in its middle
ranks, and it is they usually who determine whether

the condition of the country shall be one of progress
or of retrogression. They serve to keep the nation
steady, and are, or ought to be, a bulwark of
the national liberties, alike against demo-
cratic convulsions from below, and aristo-
cratic aggression from above. The English middle
classes have never been deficient in good common
sense or in patriotism and right feeling, anJ they
have reaped their reward by acquiring. a large
amount of influence. The Reform Bill of 1832 has
been described as a middle-class measure, and, in
fact, many of the improvements and beneficial
changes of our day have been brought about through
a similar agency. Middle-class men have worked
our scientific and engineering marvels ; middle-
class men have enriched our literature and our art,
have adorned our senate and our schools ;
middle-
class men have founded our hospitals and our col-
leges, they have peopled our colonies, and it is to a
body of English merchants that we owe our rich
and mighty Eastern Empire. They have pressed so
closely on the ranks of those above them that they
have stimulated the aristocracy to renewed efforts
in order to preserve more than a nominal superiority;
and the tide of progress has flowed so fast that it is
now incumbent on the middle ranks themselves to
remember how rapidly those beneath them are ad-
vancing on their track. There is a little too much
disposition on the part of the middle ranks to ,4 rest
and be thankful," and to retain their position
rather by retarding the progress of those below
them than by making the exertion necessary
to keep their position in the race. Such a
course would be as suicidal as it would be in-
jurious to the best interests of the country. It
would be opposed to the spirit of the age, and the
inevitable law which dooms to destruction any rank,
institution, or community which refuses to obey the
law of progress. In political matters the middle
ranks have shown themselves as unwilling to share

their power with those below them as the
aristocracy of the last generation were to
admit them to any portion of their privileges.
In education the deficiency of the middle class has
chiefly concerned themselves. Thanks to the great
and continuous efforts made of late years on behalf
of the working classes, the mechanics' institutes, the
national schools, and kindred institutions, the demon
of ignorance is being rapidly scared away. But
hitherto, from one cause or another, very little has
been done towards securing a really good educa-
tion for the middle ranks. There is no probability
of any one in a decent position remaining abso-
lutely untaught, but the question is whether the
general knowledge, the mental training, the cultiva-
tion of the taste of the middle ranks is commen-
t surate with their important social and political
position? Our great schools and colleges were, for
the most part, designed for their benefit in days
when they occupied a far inferior rank in the social
scale ; but owing to the gradual changes of time and
circumstance, they have altogether ceased to profit
by them. The aristocracy and the higher ranks
have adopted them as their own, and certainly there
is no chance of a man of the commercial class, the
tradesman, or clerk, or small manufacturer, sending
his boys to Eton or to Harrow. Yet upon the edu-
cation that these boys receive a great deal may de-
pend, and in these days of intelligence and learning
it will not do for England's staple ranks to be II
ignorant, narrowminded, unsympathetic, and half
taught. Yet a deficient education will pro-duce
these defects—it will not only fail to give the boy
those rudiments of learning always more easily
acquired in early youth, but it will deprive the man
of those powers of reasoning, of mental discipline
and self-control, of intelligence, and comprehension,
which are such valuable weapons in the battle of
life. A great part of our insular narrowness and
intolerance, our impatience of any manners and
customs but our own, has been due to the lack of
an enlightened education. The higher ranks,
who learn more, study more, and travel n. ore, are
usually much better able to understand and to
appreciate the merits of other countries and other
races than their own. If a man only knows France
or Germany as a name on the map, he will take
very little interest in its people or their doings ; but
if he has read something of their history—if he is
familiar with the names and the works of their
great men—if he has read travels and sketches of
domestic life among them, he will understand some-
thing of a Frenchman's ways of thinking and acting,
and not be disposed to believe religiously that there
can be nothing good said, done, or thought out of
England. The efforts to extend the benefits of uni-
versity education and the establishment of schools
of art, &c., are all steps in the right direction ;, and
on Thursday last the inauguration of the Surrey
County School betokened another important move-
ment. At the breakfast given on the occasion, the
Earl of CARNARVON made a sensible address, in
which he observed that the higher classes owed the
middle ranks a debt for having unconsciously stepped
into the enjoyment of their rights. The new esta-
blishment is intended very wisely to add to a sound
commercial education some classical instruction,
by this means opening to the boys a wide range of
knowledge, which they can profit by if they like,
while it gives them that cultivation of taste and
mental training which only classical instruction can
give. As Lord CARNARVON wisely observed, in
many branches of commercial life a knowledge of
Latin is most valuable, and in no case will the
study fail to be of service. At the same time
something of scientific learning is indispensable in
these days, while a knowledge of French at least
should be inseparable from a sound commercial
education. Mr. BUXTON, M.P., made some sen-
sible observations on the study of English litera-
ture, though he was disposed to underrate classical
study. He justly said that it was a great mistake
to make the course of study too humdrum and too
tedious, for such a course disgusted the boy with
book-learning instead of stimulating him to fresh
effort. If the Surrey County School keeps up to
the spirit of its inauguration, it will supply a great
blank in our educational establishments, and de
servo an extended success.

We are glad to find that Earl RUSSELL has re-
solved to prevent any misunderstanding of his pro-
posal to Mr. ADAMS respecting the appointment of
a Commission to consider the claims for injuries
committed during the war. It bore at first some-
what the appearance of a verbal refusal and a
practical concession, but the noble earl, it seems,
does not intend it to be taken in that light. The
Commission which he proposed was only to consi-
der those claims " which the two Powers shall agree
to the Commissioners." Under this head the cases
of the losses inflicted by the Alabama and kindred
vessels are not included, seeing that the Government
intimates that they would be excluded from its juris-
diction, as it does not admit any responsibility regard-
ing them. This is certainly more consistent with the
language held by Earl RUSSELL and with the dig-
nity of the English nation, though at the same time
it is only shifting the dispute from one ground to
the other. The battle will have to be fought over
again, since the Americans will wish to bring the
claims for these losses before the Commissioners,
and Earl RUSSELL will object, so that we shall have
another diplomatic correspondence ad infinitum.
We aro glad, however, that the noble Earl has as-
sumed a decided position, and we trust he will not
flinch from the responsibility of maintaining it.

Archbishop Cullen.

Sir George Bowyer has written the following
letter to the Times :

" Sir,—Seeing in your second leader to-day a statement
that Archbishop Cullen ' distinguished himself by writing
against the earth's rotation,' I hasten to infOrm you and
your readers that this is'an entire mistake. Archbishop
Cullen never wrote anything of the sort.
" The only foundation for this oft-repeated error is that
some foolish person dedicated to the Archbishop a book
attacking the Copernican system.

" I will only add that the Roman Observatory, directed
by the learned Jesuit Professor Secchi (well known for his
observations of double stars and his photograph of the
moon), is not surpassed in any way by any other observe.--
tory in Europe.
" In that observatory astronomy is cultivated according
to the most recent discoveries and the most advanced data
and principles of the science."

Mr. Hindmarch, Q.C., bas been appointed Re.
corder of York.—Law Times of to-day.

A GEORGIAN PRINCE.—The Correspondance Russo
gives the details of a murder committed on a pawnbroker
named Beck, a native of Thann (Alsace), and on his female
domestic, in their house at St. Petersburg. The assassin is
a Georgian Prince, aged 19, who had served up topic 15th
of August in the quality of standard bearer to the escort of
the Emperor. It appears that the Prince had deposited his
gun in the hands of M. Beck for a loan of 12 roubles, and
that on the day of the crime he went to Beck's house to re-
deem it ; but that having but six roubles to offer he was
unable to get it back. He then asked for a further advance
of two roubles on his cartouche-belt ; and while Beck was
engagedin writing in the register, the Prince, irritated, ac-
cording to his own account, by insulting language, struck
the other two terrible blows with a dagger on the head and
nape of the neck. He then turned upon the sell/ant, who
had rushed into the room, forced her back into the kitchen
and despatched her with 14 wounds from the same weapon.
Returning to the shop, he hastened to collect all the port-
able articles that might be of service to him ; but the theft
was the cause of his ruin, as in his haste he happened to
let fall the leaf of the register in which Beck had inscribed
his name, and which he had torn out of the book to escape
detection. Immediately on the murder becoming known,
the Russian authorities lost no time in giving information
to the French Consulate, and the police soon effected the
apprehension of the murderer.—Galignenes Messenger.

LATEST INTELLIGEIsTOE.

(REITTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

AMERICA.

(Arrival of the Australasian, via Crookhaven.)
NEW YORK, OCT. 4, 1 P.m.

It is officially announced that the public debt on
the 30th September amounted to $2,745,000,000.
The Secretary of the Treasury has announced
that he is prepared to issue $50,000,000 of 6 per
Cent. 5-20 Bonds, at 103, in exchange for com-
pound interest notes, one and two year Treasury
notes, and certificates of indebtedness maturing be-
fore January 1.
Since the August statement, the public debt has
been reduced nearly $12,000,000, the interest,
$500,000 ; and the legal tender notes afloat,
$6,000,000. The coin in the Treasury has de-
creased $12,000,000, and the currency has increased
$13,000,000.
The Alabama Convention has adjourned after
adopting the new constitution, passing an ordinance
excluding negro testimony in all civil cases, until
the next Legislature makes the organic law of
Alabama, and memorialising the Government for a
general amnesty and the withdrawal of the troops
from the State. The Convention refuse to submit
the State Constitution for amendment to the people
for ratification.

The Governor of Mississippi, acceding to the
proposal of Colonel Thomas, has decided that cases
of freedom shall be adjudicated by the Civil Courts
according to the State laws, except in so far as
they would make a distinction on account of colour.
Negroes will be protected in person and property,
and have the right to sue and be sued, and to give
evidence.

The North Carolina reconstruction Convention
assembled on the al inst.

The Constitutional amendment extending the
suffrage to negroes has been defeated in Connec-
ticut by a large majority.
Governor Brownlow of Tennessee, in his mes-
sage to the Legislature, recommends the amend-
ment of the franchise law, but deprecates any
sweeping legislative changes.
He urges the disfranchisement of rebels for 10
years, and that neither mercy nor forbearance should
be shown to the leaders. He thinks that whites
and negroes cannot live together as political or social
equals. He favours the setting apart a portion of
the national territory for the residence of freedmen.
In conclusion, he supports President Johnson's policy.

Mr. Davis has been removed from the casemates
to other quarters in Fort Monroe.
Rumours are current that the Erin and City of
Boston carried to Europe $1,000,000 in Fenian
bonds, and also a printed Fenian proclamation.
An official correspondence between Secretary
Seward and Mr. Dalton has been published. Mr.
Seward wrote to Mr. Dayton, in February, 1864,
that he would not recognise the Archduke Maxi-
milian in any manner as the Emperor of Mexico.

The United States Government received infor-
mation lately from its Consul at Alexandria that the
Emperor of the French was organising a force of
Egyptian troops for service in Mexico. A Cabinet
discussion was immediately held upon the subject,
and the result is announced in a despatch just sent
to France by Mr. Seward. In this despatch the
United States Government states, in very decided
language, that it will not permit additional troops
to be sent to Mexico Ity. France, and that the
further intervention in the affairs of that country
by the Emperor of the French may lead to a
serious misunderstanding between the two Govern-
ments.

The steamers Allemania, Edinburgh, Belgian
and Persia have arrived out.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Money easy. Gold, 1451. Exchange on London,
159 ; do. Paris, 3.57 f. Stocks advancing. New
York Centrals, 97 ; Illinois, 132 i ; Erie, 891. Five-
Twenty Bonds, 103 i, exNovember Coupon. Cotton
advancing ; middling Upland, 48c. Flour and
wheat advancing. Corn firmer. Provisions steady.
Coffee quiet. Sugar—good inquiry. Molasses
steady. Petroleum steady ; Crude, 39 to 39i ;
refined, 63 to 65.