The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-04 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVEINIIVG, NOVEMBER 4, 18€5.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.This Day.

COURT OF PROBATE AND DIVORCE.
(Before Sir J. P. Wilde.)
EDWARDS V. EWER-EXTRAORDINARY WILL CASE.

This was a suit promoted by the plaintiff, a sailor, who
had formerly been on board the Miranda, man-of-war, to
establish the validity of a will alleged to have been duly
executed by a Mrs. Edwards, who had lived at Copen-
hagen-street, Islington, in the same house with the
plaintiff.
Dr. Travers Twiss, Q.C., and Mr. Clarkson, were coun-
sel for the plaintiff, and Dr. Tristram appeared for the
defendant.

From the evidence it appeared that the testatrix was a
widow, and that during the lifetime of her husband the
plaintiff had been employed by him as a carpenter. She
had no family, and according to the statement of one of
the witnesses had been at variance with her relations for
some yeaas prior to her decease, and was heard to say that
she would leave her property to the plaintiff in consequence
of the unkindness of her own family. She died possessed
of about £350, the bulk of which she left to plaintiff,
whom she appointed sole executor. She died in January,
1865, a short time subsequent to the execution of the will
in dispute, which she had re-copied by the plaintiff after
he had enlisted and when on board the Miranda. The
testatrix was unable to write, and the attesting witnesses
were in the same condition, so that they had to affix their
mark to the will, which was in the handwriting of the
plaintiff. The plaintiff served during the Crimean war, and
on his return to this country in 1855, he became acquainted
with the fact that the testatrix had died, upon which he
commenced, according to his statement, to adopt proceed-
ings to prove his claim. The defendant was the niece of
the deceased, and pleaded that the will was not duly exe-
cuted, and unnecessary delay in the prosecution of the suit
All the attesting witnesses were dead, and it was elicited
in the course of the evidence that one of them, of the
name of Tubbs, was described as belonging to the 2d
battalion of the Coldstream Guards, but on reference to the
list of privates at the date in question there was no such
man.

The learned judge, in delivering judgment, went care-
fully through the facts of the case, which, ho remarked,
presented some very peculiar features. The court in this
instance was not called onto pronounce on the question as
to whether or not a fraud had been committed by the pro-
pounder of this will, but the question to be decided was
whether the evidence he had called in support of the in-
strument was sufficient. The property of the deceased
would have gone to her relations in the event of her hav-
ing died intestate, and the onus probandi devolved on the
party propounding the will. It was indispensable that the
evidence called in support of the will should be of the most
satisfactory character, which was not the case in the pre-
sent instance. In the first place, there was not a scrip of
writing in the document but that of the plaintiff, who
drew up the will himself, and carried it about with him
until he commenced proceedings; it being remembered
that, with the exception of some trifling legacies, the whole
of the deceased's estate was left to him, and that he was
appointed sole executor. His lordship having referred to
the constitution of the old court, and to the vigilance
it exercised in regard to the circumstance of the custody of
a will even when a testator could write. That vigilance
was founded in wisdom, and should be particularly exer-
cised in a case like the present. Under all the circum-
stances he felt bound to refuse probate of the will.
Mr. Tristrim applied for the costs.
His lordship said that he did not feel bound to make any
order on that point.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE,—This Day,

-+ -

MARLBOROUGH-STREET.

A SCENE IN THE HAYMARKET.— Reginald Johnson, of
14, Pakenham-street, King's-cross ; Thomas Smith, 13,
Jewin-crescent, Aldgate-street, City ; Daniel Hara, of 6,
Claremont-square ; Theodore Fennell, Bartholomew-close;
and Wm. Jones, 17, Great Corara-street, were charged
before Mr. Barker with being drunk and behaving in a dis-
orderly manner in the Haymarket. Edward Johnson, of
14, Great Percy-street, was charged with being drunk and
assaulting police-constable Reeves, 24 C, and Albert Bus-
carlet, of 78, Guilford-street, Russell-square, was charged
with assaulting police-constable Langham, 108 C.
All the defendants were described as gentlemen, with
the exception of Buscartel, who was described as a doctor,
and who was also charged with attempting to rescue one of
the other defendants from custody.
Lawrence Poole, 305 A, said that at a little after one
that morning he met five of the defendants walking arm-
in-arm in the Haymarket, and pushing against every one
they came near. He cautioned them, when they all got
round him. One of them told him to go to —. The
five defendants, who were all drunk, then walked up and
down the Haymarket, shouting and singing all the way,
and making a great noise. The last time they walked up
the police Inspector Draper and Sergeant Ward remon-
strated with them, but they would not leave, and they were
obliged to take them into custody.
In answer to one of the defendants, the constable said he
could swear they were all drunk.
Inspector Draper said that about 20 minutes to one that
morning he was in the Haymarket, and saw Reginald
Johnson, Buscarlet, and Edward Johnson coming down
the place. Reginald Johnson knocked his helmet over his
head. He cautioned him, and the defendants, who were
all drunk, then went down the Haymarket, shouting and
making a great noise. He spoke to the defendant again,
requesting that they would go away, but about 10 minutes
afterwards he was spoken to by the last witness, and find-
ing the defendants again making a great noise, he, with
the assistance of several constables, took them into
custody.

In answer to Buscarlet the inspector said they were al:
walking together—four in front and three behind.

Police-constable Reeves, 44 C, said that Reginald John-
son said, " Here's the police," and tried to kick him.
He told the defendant he bad better be careful or he would
be locked up. A little after, seeing the defendant in
custody, he went to assist the police and took Jones,
when Edward Johnson said, " What are you going to do
with my friend," and struck him a violent blow on the
chest. He again said "He (the constable) should not take
Jones," and struck him again, and he then took him into
custody for the assault.
Faulkner, 340 A, corroborated Reeves.
Langham, 108 C, proved assisting in taking one of the
defendants, into custody—the defendants being all drunk
and making great noise—when Buscarlet came up and
said, " What are you going to do ?" He told Buscarlet not
td interfere, when he replied, "I'm if you take bim
(meaning the defendant he had in custody) to the station,
and then pushing him tried to rescue his prisoner.
Buscarlet denied either being drunk or disorderly, and
said be wished to call witnesses.
Mr. Barker fined the whole of the defendants 20s. each,
with the exception of Buscarlet, whose case was adjourned
for a few days that he might call witnesses.
Mr. Adolphus Murray, who gave the address 1, White-
hall, was charged with being drunk and behaving in a dis-
orderly manner.
Holman, 826 1, having proved the case, the defendant
•
was fined 10s.

Sept. 16, Oct. 14,
1885. 1865. Increase. Pecrease.
Bank of England 21,617,745 21,965,5141 £347,769 --
Private Banks 2,861,915 3,122,0021 260,087
Joint-stock Banks 2,774,785 2,919,154 144,369
I--
Total in England. 27,254,44 28,000,670' 752,225
Scotland 4,305,01 4,5 5,4 4! 2(.9,843
Ireland 5,938,593 6,607,715' 669,122
United Kingdom 37,438,591 39,129,78911,831,1901

And as compared with the month ending the 15th of
October, 1864, the above returns show an increase of
£1,161,098 in the circulation of notes in England, and an
increase of £1,170,888 in the circulation of the'Vnited
Kingdom.

On comparing the above with the fixed issues of the
several banks the following is the state of the circulation:—
The English private banks are below their
fixed issue ... ... ... ... ... £1,017,467
The English joint-stock banks aro below their
fixed issue

307,103

Total below fixed issue in England ... £1,324,570
The Scotch banks are above their fixed issue... 1,766,133
The Irish banks are above their fixed issue ... 253,221
The average stock of bullion held by the Bank of Eng-
land in both departments during the month ending the 11th
of Oct. was £13,525,211, being a decrease of £771,938
as compared with the previous month, and an increase of
£451,028 when compared with the same period last year.
The following are the amounts of specie held by the
Scotch and Irish banks during the month ending the 14th
of October :

Gold and silver held by the Scotch banks ... £2,442,017
Gold and silver held by the Irish banks ... 2,320,559

£4,762,576
Being a decrease of £307,176 as compared with the pre-
vious return, and an increase of £410,533 when compared
with the corresponding period last year.

FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE SOUTH-WESTERN RAIL-
WAY.—On Thursday a fatal accident occurred at Hounslow
railway station. One of the porters, James Wallen, aged
23, was in the act of coupling one of the vans to a luggage
train when by a sudden movement of the train he came
between the buffers and was instantaneously killed.
The deceased was a quiet, civil man, and was much re-
spected,

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

LINCOLN AUTUMN MEETING.-FRIDAY.

The Blankney Stakes (handicap) of 100 sous, added to a
sweepstakes of 5 sous, 2 ft to the fund, for all ages ;
winners extra ; second to save his stake. One mile. 25
subs.

Mr. C. Peck, jun.'s Exceller, 3 yrs, 7st 101 b (Carroll) 1
Mr. G. Mather's Papoose, 3 yrs, 7st (Elphick) 2
Mr. F. H. Jennings's Lady King-horn, 3 yrs, Gst 121 b
(J. Grimshaw) 3
Mr. G. Little's Pegasus (h.b.), 4 yrs, 7st (carried 7st 21b)
(Dunbar) 4
Mr. Buckley's Wynnstay, aged, Bst 101 b (Britton) 5
Mi. L. Peckitt's Zenobia, 3 yrs, 7st 41b (Gurry) 6
Betting-7 to 4 agst Lady Kieghorn. 7to 2 agst Excel-
ler, and 5 to 1 agst Wynnstay.
Won by a head; threelengthsbetween second and third;
a length between third and fourth.

Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs ; 3-yr-olds, Bst 91b ; four, 9st
71b ; five and upwards, 9st 111 b. Two miles.
Mr. Graham's Regalia, 3 yrs, Bst 91b (Carroll) w. o.
The Lindum Nursery Handicap Plato of 10 sous, for 2-yr-
olds ; winners extra. Six furlongs.
Mr. C. Peck, jun.'s, Aldcroft, Est 101 b (Dunbar) 1
Mr. B. E. Dunbar's Tormentor, 7st 31b (inc. 71b extra)
(carried 7st 41b) (Loates) 2
Mr. R. Osborne's Miss Haworth, 6st 810...(R. Challoner) 3
The following also ran : —Retrousse, Dart, The Danne-
brog, Black Tulip, and Globule's dam filly.
Betting—Even agst Tormentor, 4 to 1 (at first 5 to 2)
agst Aldcrolt, 4 to 1 agst Misa Haworth, 5 to 1 agst Re-
trousse, and 10 to 1 agst Dart.
Won by half a length ; a bad third.
The Consolation Scramble (handicap) of 3 sous each, with
20 added, for all ages; winners extra. Six. furlongs.
Mr. G. Little's Pegasus, 4 yrs, 6st 121 b (Gurry) 1
Mr. G. W.. Morris's Siva, 4 yrs, 7st 111 b (Whiteley) 2
Mr. Mather's Papoose, 3 yrs, 7st 21b (Elphick) 3
Mr. Kirby's Malta, aged,
.7st ...(Carroll) 4
The following also ran :—Charming Woman, Balder-
dash, Nelly Grey, and Pink.

Betting-100 to 30 agst Charming Woman, 4 to 1 agst
Papoose, 5 to 1 each agst Siva and Malta, and 7 to 1 agst
Pegasus. Won by a length and a half ; two lengths be-
tween second and third ; a length between third and
fourth.

The Innkeepers' Selling Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 30
added ; weight for age ; selling allowances, &c. One

mile.
Mr. Chaplin's The Turner, (h b), 3 yrs, 7st 121 b (£2O)
(Griinshaw) I
Mr. L. Peckitt's Mrs. Lirriper, 3 yrs, 7st 91b (£2O)
Credulity and Missile also ran

(Carroll) 2

Betting-5 to 2on The Turner, who won by six lengths,
Credulity and Missile were left at the post. The winner
was bought by Mr. Wilkins for 175 guineas.

The Great National Autumn Steeplechase (Handicap) of
10 sous each, 5 ft, and only 3 if declared, with 80 added;
winners extra ; the second to save his stake. About
four miles. Nineteen subs, eight declared.
Mr. T. Bancroft's Elsham (h b), 6 yrs, lOst 121 b
(Mr. G. Walker) 1
Mr. J. S. Bygott's Bridegroom, (h b), aged, 11st Glb
(Mr. G. Harland) 2
Capt. Machell's Acrobat, aged, 11st 81b (Captain Smith 3
Mr. Summer's Arlescott, 6 yrs, list 71b (inc. 71b ex.)
(Mr. Rickaby) 4
The following also ran :—Rook the Gardener, African,
and Harbinger.

Betting.-7 to 4 agst Acrobat, 7to 2 agst Bridegroom,
5 to 1 agst Elsham, 8 to 1 agst African, and 100 to 8 agst
Harbinger. Won by five lengths; a bad third.

BROOK-HILL (EAST BARNET) STEEPLECHASES

FRIDAY.

The Stand Plate (Handicap) of 40 sous; winners extra.

About two miles and a half.
Mr. Ellison's Sportsman (late Zodiac), aged, list 71b

(Owner) 1
Major Flinche's Objected, 5 yrs, 1 Ist 71b (B. Land) 2
Mr. B. Land's Stiletto, 4 yrs, lOst 71b (States) 3
The following also ran: Ballycasey, The Rogue, Bravo,
Paleface, Tonic, Brown Bess, and White Surrey.
Betting.-3 to 1 agst Sportsman, 4to 1 each agst Ob-
jected and Ballyeasey, 5 to 1 agst The Rogue, and 10 to 1
agst any other offered. Won by four lengths ; Stiletto
was a bad third.

A Selling Handicap Steeplechase of 3 sovs each, with 25
added; the winner to be sold for 40 sovs. About two
miles.

Mr. B. Land's Strike, 6 yrs, 12st ((States 1
Mr. Riley's White Stockings, aged, lls.c, 41b .(Daniels 2
Mr. Clifford's Diana, 5 yrs, 11st 41b .........(Mr. Castles 3
The following also ran : Idiot, St. Maximus, Scribbler,
Traverser, and Hydrogen.

Betting : 5 to 2 agst Strike, 4 to 1 agst Scribbler, and
sto 1 bar one. A good race, won by a length and a half ;
the same distance separated second and third. The winner
was not sold.

The Barnet Open Steeplechase (Handicap) of 10 sovs each,
. . .

G ft, with 70 added ; winners extra. About three miles

and a half.
Mr. W. W. Baker'slMorocco, 6 yrs, 11st 21b (Mr. Edwards 1
Mr. B. Land's The Wasp, a yrs, list (States 2
Mr. J. Smith's Jack, aged, list (Mr. Buckley 0

Betting-6 to 4 on Morocco. Won by half a mile.
Jack fell.

A £4O Plate ; weight for age, with selling allowances.

About three miles,

Mr. Clifford's Diana, 5 yrs, 11st 51b (.£40)...(Mr. Castles) 1
Mr. Tarrant's Cassock, 4 yrs, lOst 101 b (X6O) ...(Knight) 2

Mallet and Louth also ran.

Betting-5 to 4on Diana, 2to 1 agst Mallet. Won by
four lengths. The winner was bought by Mr. Handford
for 80 guineas.

A Scurry Handicap Steeplechase, of 3 sous each, with a
purse added. About two miles.

Mr. Hawkins's The Rogue, aged, 12st 51b (Picket) 1
Sailor and White Stockings also ran.
___ _

Betting-5 to 4on The Rogue, 2to 1 bar one. Won by
a field ; White Stockings bolted, and Sailor was pulled up
after going about a mile.

MARKETS—This Day.
• -
COVENT GARDEN.

Fair supplies of vegetables are on sale, and the show of
fruit is seasonably good. Most kinds of pro-duce are in
steady request, as follows :

- -
FRUIT—Pine-apples, 5s to 8s; hot house grapes, 2s Od to
6s; foreign do, 9d to is 6d; filberts, 9d to is 3d per lb;
apples, 1s 91 to 3s 6d ; pears, 2s Od to 3s Gd per half
sieve ; lemons, 3s 6d to 8s ; oranges, 14s to 18s ; walnuts,
is to 2s 6d per 100.
VEGETABLES—Red cabbages, is Gd to 3s Od; white do.,
9d to is Gd; celery, 8d to .10 9d; horseradish, is to 2s
per doz heads ; greens, 3s to 3s 6d ; turnips, 2s to Bs Od ;
carrots, 4s 6d to 5s 6d per doz bunches ; cucumbers, 6d to
is each.

POULTRY.
Turkeys, 4s to 7s Od ; Geese, 6s Od to 8s Od each ;
ducks, 2s Od to 38 Od ; tame rabbits, is 3d to 2s Od ; wild
do., is to is 6d ; pigeons, 6d to 9d each ; pheasants, As 6d to
4s 6d ; partridges, is 6d to 2s 3d ; bares, 3s Od to 4s 9d ;
leverets, 3s Od to 4s Od; woodcocks, Os ; grouse, 2s Od to
3s Od ; snipes, Od to is each ; Surrey fowls, lOs to 12s ; do.
chickens, 6s to 98 ; barn-door fowls, 4s Od to 8s per
couple. English eggs, 12s to 138 ; French do., 8s 6d to
10s Od per 100 ; Ostend fresh butter, is to is 3d ; English,
is 2d to is 5d per lb.

BILLINGSGATE.
Eels, Od to Os per lb. ; soles, 1s to 58 Od per pair ; cod,
2s 6d to 20s ; brill, 2s 6d to 10s Od ; mullets, 6d to 3s 6d ;
doreys, is to 10s ; turbot, 5s Od to 25s ; lobsters, Os to Os
Od ; crabs, Os to Os Od each • whitings, 3s to 12s ; had-
docks, 4s to 20s ; smelts, 2s 6dper dozen ; common oysters,
00s to 008 ; natives, 000 s to 000 s per bushel ; herrings, Os
to 105 ; mackerel, 50s per 120.

P
NEWORT.
Beef, from 3s Od to 4s 6d • mutton, 3s 4d to 5s 4d ;
veal, 4s 0.1 to Os 2d ; and pork,' 43 6d to 6s Od per Blbs by
the carcase.

WHITECHAPEL.
Beef, from 35 Od to 4s 6d; mutton, 38 4d to 5s 4d;
veal, 4s Od to 5s 2d; and pork, 4s 6d to Gs Od per Blbs.
by the carcase.

BREAD.
Tho prices of wheaten bread in the metropolis are from
7jd. to Bd. ; of household ditto, 6d. to 7d. per 41bs. loaf.

HIDES AND SKINS.

Market hides 56 to 64 lbs, 3d to 311 • 64 to 72 lbs, 814
to 31d ; 72 to 801bs; 31d to 31(1.; 80 to 881 b-s., 31d to 4d; 88
to 961b5., 4d. to 41d. ; 96 to 1041b5., 41d. to 41d.; 104 to
1121b5., 41d. to sd. Morse hides, 95 to 10s Od; calf skins
(light), 2s to 3s ; full, 6s 6d ; polled sheep, 8s Od to 108 Od ;
half-bred; 6s 6d to is 6d ; downs, 5s Oct to 6s Od.

HAY.
SMITIIITELD.—Meadow hay, £4 10s to £5 10s; clover,
A.£4falisrsdteomlan6dl.2s 6d; and straw, £1 8s to £1 ]Gs per load

CUMBERLAND.—Meadow hay, £4 lOs to £5 15s; clove;
£4 17s to 12s 6d; and straw, £1 lOs to £1 18s per load.
Trade firm.

WHITECHAPEL.—Meadow hay £4 10s to £5 10s; clover,
£5 N to £6 15s Od ; and straw, £1 8s to £1 16s per load.
Supply moderate.

COAL MARKET.
Price per ton at the close of the market.
' s. d.
Holywell Main ... . ..... 169. d.
Hett0n,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23 60
West Hartley ..' - .... 18 6 Tunstall
Oarway and Duffryn South Hetton
Malting 24 0 Pensher Primrose ... 21 9
Hotspur l9 0 West Lambton 22 6
Walls End Haswell-. 23 6 Cassop
N.Staffordshire .......... 17 6 .
Ships at market, 46 ; sold, 37.

PLAYING AT HANGING.—On Monday afternoon,
at Greenock, a boy named M'lnalty, about seven
years of age, nearly lost hislifebayt ehnagnaggining. g wAitrhudoethsecrabffooylas
in the foolish prank of playing
having been extemporised in a coal shed, and a• ropo tied
over a beam, with a noose hanging down, M'lnalty agreed
to personate Dr. Pritchard, while another boy, ten years of
age, officiated as Calcraft. All being prepared, M'lnalty
mounted the scaffold, got his head through the noose, and
when all was in order the other boy knocked away the
scaffold from under him. The poor fellow struggled wildly,
his face became black, and so much alarmed the boys that
some of them ran out and got their mothers. One of the
females held the boy up by the feet, being unable to reach
the rope, while another got up to it by some pieces of
wood. The lad, when got down, was almost dead. He was
carried home, stripped, and put to bed, and restoratives
applied. He gradually came round, but it was some time
before he could speak. lie was yesterday out of clanger.
—Edinburgh Courant.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE—This Day,

VICTORIA CLUB BETTING-THIS DAY.

LIVEERPOOL HANDICAP.
sto 1 agst Bendigo (taken and offered)
9to 1 agst Nu (taken)
11 to 1 agst Valliant (taken)
14 to 1 agst Accident (taken)
16 to 1 agst Windham (taken)
16 to 1 agst Blithield (offered)
22 to 1 agst Dolby
25 to 1 agst Moldavia
25 to 1 agst Helen
25 to 1 agst Farce

BOMBAY AND MAURITIUS MAILS.

MALTA, Nov. 1.
The Nyanza will leave here at 5 p.m., and the
Mongolia at 10 p.m. to-day.
The former may be expected at Marseilles on the
4th, and the latter at Southampton about the 10th
instant.

--=
LONDON GAZETTE—Last Evening.

UNIVERSITY OP EDINBURGII.

MR. GLADSTONE'S VALEDICTORY ADDRESS AS
RECTOR.

Yesterday afternoon, at two o'clock, the Right
lion. W. E. Gladstone, Rector of the 'University of
Edinburgh, delivered a valedictory address to his
constituency, the students, on the occasion of com-
pleting a second term of office. The place of meet-
ing was the Music-hall, and the admission was
almost entirely restricted to the students and gra-
duates. The hall was crowded to excess. There was a
splendid attendance of all branches of the Univer-
sity. The Court and Professors were on the plat-
form, and the students and graduates in the hall.
Mrs. and Miss Gladstone were present, and were
loudly cheered.
The Rector's reception was most enthusigtic.
The following address, notwithstanding omissions,
took two hours and a quarter in delivery :
Mr. Vice-Chancellor, Professors, and Gentlemen
—The subject on which I desire to address to you
my parting words is the place of ancient Greece in
the providential order of the world. Even the

pointed announcement of such a subject may seem
to partake of paradox. No one, indeed, would think
of denying that the people who inhabited that little
cluster of rugged mountains and of narrow vales
played a part, and a great part, upon the stage of
history,- and left a mark, not deep only, but in-
delible, upon the character of the human race. No
one would deny that they have delivered to us bril-
liant examples of energy in action, and matchless
productions of the mind and band, models in letters
and in art. Nor is there anyP doubt. about the fact
that Christian Europe has during many generations
assigned to Greece the largest share in the cultiva-
tion of the human mind. But this age, which ques-
tions much, questions naturally enough the propriety
of the judgment which has thus awarded her the
place of honour in the career of general education.
Her language, her history, her literature, and
her art are regarded as the privileged delight
and separate entertainment of the few; but there is
no clear perception in the majority of minds that all
these have entered deeply into the common interests
of mankind. Lastly, they are distinguished in so
broad a manner from the teaching of the Gospel--
nay, in certain points and instances they are so much
in conflict with the spirit of the Evangelical code--

that there is a disposition to regard them as belong-
ing exclusively to the secular order as well as to the
secondary, and, if I may so speak, ornamental inte-
rests of life. To its secondary interests, because
Greece does not propose to teach us how to choose
a profession, or to make way in the world :

"Ti Si c'oc6eXicrovcr' of evop.ol rpOs rllcinra ;"
To the secular order, because it is beyond doubt that
we cannot obtain from her the lessons of true reli-
gion. Nay, she has sometimes almost assumed the
attitude of its rival ; for the period of the revival of
learning, and also more modern times, have supplied
signal instances in which her fascinations have well-
nigh persuaded men of genius or of letters, Christian-
born, to desert their allegiance to their faith, and
endeavour to revive for themselves, at least in the
region of the fancy, the worship once in use at her
long-abandoned shrines. Other reasons besides these
have produced a practical indisposition to regard
ancient Greece as having had a distinct, assignable,
and most important place in the providential govern-
ment of the world. Something that may be called
religionism, rather than religion, has led us for the
most part not indeed to deny in terms that God has
been and is the God and Father and Governor of
the whole human race, as well as of Jews and Chris-
tians, yet to think and act as if His providential eye
and care had been confined in ancient times to the
narrow valley of Jerusalem, and since the Advent

to the Christian pale, or even to something which,
enforcing some yet narrower limitation at our own
arbitrary will, we think fit to call such. But surely
He, who cared for the sixscore thousand persons in
ancient Ninevah that could not distinguish between
their right hand and their left, He without
whom not a sparrow falls, He that shapes, in its
minutest detail, even the inanimate world, and
clothes the lily of the field with its beauty and its
grace, He never forgot those sheep of His in the
wilderness, but as, on the one hand, He solicited
them, and bore witness to them of Himself, by never-
ceasing bounty and by the law written in their
hearts, so, a,n the other Ir.nd, in unseen modes He
used them, as He is always using us, for either the
willing, or if not the willing, then the unconscious
or unwilling, furtherance and accomplishment of
His designs. The real paradox, then, would be
not to assert, but to deny, or even to overlook, the
part which may have been assigned to any race, and
especially to a race of such unrivalled gifts in that
great and all-embracing plan for the rearing and
training of the human children of our Father in
heaven, which we call the providential government
of the world. Such preparation, ascertained and
established upon the solid ground of fact, may be
termed prophecy in action ; and is, if possible, yet
stronger for the confirmation of belief, and yet
more sublime in aspect as an illustration of Almighty
greatness, than prophecy in word. But in this pro-
vidential government there are diversities of opera-
tions. In this great house there are vessels of gold
and silver, vessels of wood and earth. In the sphere
of common experience we see some human beings
live and die, and furnish by their life no special
lessons visible to man, but only that general teach-
ing, in elementary and simple forms, which is deriv-
able from every particle of human experience.
Others there have been who, from the time when
their young lives first, as it were, peeped over the
horizon, seemed at once to

"Flame in the forehead of the morning sky ;"
whose lengthening years have been but one growing
splendour, and at the last who
"leave a lofty name,
"A light, a landmark, on the cliffs of fame."
Now, it is not in the general, the ordinary, the ele-
mentary way, but it is in a high and special sense
that I claim for ancient Greece a marked, appro-
priated, distinctive place in the providential order
of the world. And I will set about explaining what
I mean. I presume that all philosophy, claiming
to be Christian, regards the history of our race,
from its earliest records down to the incarnation and
advent of our Lord, as a preparation for that tran-
scendant event on which were to be hung thereafter
the destinies of our race. Let us, however, examine
more particularly that opinion which has prevailed
in the world, sometimes sustained by argument,
oftener bysufferance,sometimes lurkingunderground,
and sometimes emboldened to assert itself in the face
of day, that although the Divine care extends in a
general way to all. men, yet we are to look for this
preparation, at least for the positive parts of it, no-
where except in the pages of the Old Testament, and
in the history and traditions and patriarchs And the
Jews. This opinion has what some of our fathers
would have termed " a face of piety ;" it has un-
doubtedly been held by pious persons, and urged in
what are termed the interests of religion. But that
face lam persuaded is a face only, a mask which
ought to be stripped off, as it hides the reality from
our view. According to this theory, we are to con-
sider the line of the patriachs and the descendants of
Abraham as exclusively the objects of any Divine
dispensation which, operating in the times before the
Advent, is to be reckoned as part of the preparation
for the great event. To them we are to look as the
guardians of human excellence in all its infinite
varieties ; and when we seem to find it elsewhere, we
are either to treat the phenomenon as spurious, or
else, believing without sight, we are to consider it
as derived, through some hidden channel, from the
stores communicated by Divine revelation to the
favoured race. This theory found perhaps its fullest,
nay, even its most properly fanatical, development
in the " Paradise Regained" of Milton. There the
works of the Greek intellect and imagination are de-

preciated in a strain of the utmost extravagance ;
and,what is worse, the extravagance is made to pro-
ceed from those Divine lips, all whose words were
weighed and measured in the cxactest balances and
lines of truth. First, the proposition is advanced by
the poet that Divine inspiration preclhdes the need
of any other knowledge, even though granted true ;
" but these," so proceeds the speech—
" But these aro false, or little but dreams,
Conjectures, fancies, built on nothing firm,"

The Greek philosophers are dismissed, as a body,
with wholesale condemnation ; while Homer and
the tragedians are stated, with gravity in itself