The Sun.
London, England, 1865-04-20 00:00:00

guineas for the purpose, to which the society
added £5O, thus raising the value to £155. In
1864 the plate was awarded to Mr. Thomas Butler,
of Ballycarron, Golden, county of Tipperary, for
his shorthorned bull Soubadar. The Irish Rail-
way Challenge Cup, of the value of £l5O, is
the result of the joint subscription. of Irish railway
companies. It is awarded, in the terms of the
conditions, to " the best bull, of any breed, over two
and under five years of age, the owner to produce
satisfactory proof to the committee of agriculture,
by a certificate from the owners of the cows that the
bull had got 20 calves within twelve months preced-
ing the show." Mr. Thomas Barnes of Westland,
Moynalty, carried off this cup last year by his short-
horned white bull, Dr. Mac Hale the second. This
year it has been won for Mr. Mulholland, of Bally-
waiter, by his shorthorned bull Defender, a beautiful
roan, calved January 11, 1862. This animal was
also awarded the Irish Railway Challenge Cup. Mr.
James Ganly, of the firm of Ganly, Sons, and Par-
ker, the eminent stock salesmen, also presented a
challenge cup, valued at £5O, for the best yearling
bull, of any breed, which was won in 1864 by Mr.
W. T. Crosbie, of Ardfert Abbey, Tralee, for his
shorthorned bull Ravenswood. It was carried off this
year by Mr. James Anderson, for his shorthorned
bull Brilliant Lamp. In addition to these special
prizes, the society award a gold medal each for the
best of all the prize bulls and the best of all the prize
breeding heifers, besides the very liberal prizes, both
in money and medals, awarded in the several sec-
tions. This year the committee of agriculture have
placed at the disposal of the judges 12 first and 6
second silver medals, and a similar number of cer-
tificates for the encouragement of such novelties in
implements and machines as may be considered by
them useful and advantageous to the country. For
the purpose of promoting the cultivation and pre-
paration of flax, they offer this year to manufac-
turers of flax-scutching and breaking machines of a
cheap and portable kind, which, in the opinion of
the judges, are best adapted to the requirements of
flax growers—for the best flax-breaker a large gold
medal and five sovereigns, and for the best flax-
scutcher, a similar prize. For the encouragement
of the woollen manufacture, the committee of manu-
factures co-operating with the committee of agri-
culture with a view to carry out the purposes of the
show this year, offer 10 first and 10 silver medals for
specimens of Irish woollen manufactured goods.
The English exhibitors in the farming implements
and machinery department are numerous. Messrs.
Richard Garrett and Sons, Leiston Works, Sax-
muudham, Suffo,k, show steam engines, with single
cylinders, adapted to drive thrashing, general agri-
cultural, and other machinery ; patent portable
combined thrashing and dressing machines, with
treble and double blast, as may be required; and also
single corn and dressing machines, lever horse hoes,
manure;distributors, and corn drills. Messrs. Ashley
and Jeffrey, of Stamford, have haymakers, horse-
rakes, chaff cutters, oil cake mills, rotatory and chain
harrows, turnip pulpers, locust bean mills, corn drills,
hand rakes, and hose, thrashing machines, circular
saw table, and portable steam engines. The Reacting
Ironworks Company, Limited (late Barrett, Exall,
and Andrewes) have a three-horse portable steam en-
gine, invented and manufactured by the exhibitors,
giving increased boiler capacity, enlarged cylinder,
and extra length of stroke ; 42-inch steam-power
combined thrashing machine, fitted with patent corn
elevator, wood-hangers, double shaker, crank, and
patent perforator wrought-iron beater, drum, and
breasting ; a " barley hummeller," made entirely of
iron, and consisting of a cylinder, with wire at the
bottom, in which revolves a spindle, fitted with steel
knives to break off the awns of the barley ; chaff
cutters, oil cake mills, broadcast sowing machines,
and combined sack-cart and holder for holding open
sacks without the use of nails or hooks. Messrs.
Picksley, Sims, and Co., Bedford Foundry, Leigh,
near Manchester, show a four horse power combined
vertical steam engine and boiler, with improved
water-heater, to economise fuel ; a four horse-power
bone-rasping and grinding mill, reaping and mow-
ing machines, chaff cutters, washing and mangling
machines, cattle troughs, corn crushers and grind-
ing mills, gorse cutting and bruising machine for
steam power (Handley's patent), turnip cutters and
garden chairs, in various patterns. Messrs. Hill
and Smith of Brierlyhill, Staffordshire, show iron
fences, gates, posts, garden seats, tree guards, and
barrows. Messrs. Smith Brothers, of Thrapston,
have haymakers, horse rakes, drills, grist mills,
winnowing machines, and sheep cribs. Messrs. A.
and T. Fry, Temple-gate, Bristol, show an improved
American horse rake, with 23 teeth, which will
collect, ready for loading, from three to four acres of
hay per hour ; sheep racks, mounted on wheels,
capable of feeding 24 sheep at once, and having a hay
rack and trough for corn or roots ; grass drills, &c.
Mr. J. P. Dodge, of Upper Thames-street, London,
shows a variety of articles invulcanised indiarubber,
such as sheets, valves, hose, covers, bands, washers,
rings, springs, packings, &c. Messrs. Richmonds
and Norton, South John-street, Liverpool, have
some highly-finished and effective flax-cutting ma-
chines, corn crushers, drills, rakes, ploughs, mowers,
&c. On Stand No. 26 Messrs. J. and F. Hancock,
of Tipton, Staffordshire, exhibit a most ingenious
machine, and one which to a country circumstanced
as Ireland is in respect to the produce of the dairy
may be said to be of almost national importance, for
anything that tends to improve the flavour of butter
must of necessity commend itself to public attention
Dr. Rae on the Arctic Regions.

------41.----

Dr. John Rae, RN., delivered a lecture on Tuesday
night on the Arctic Regions to the members of the Leeds
Philosophical and Literary Society. The lecturer began by
stating that he had at first intended to give a general view
'of the arctic regions connected with the different expedi-
tions which had been sent there, but ho had found that
such a course would occupy so mnchtime that he preferred
to speak of them only so far as he had acquired a knowledge
of them by his own experience. He would, without fur-
ther preamble, begin by stating that his first visit to the
Arctic Sea was in 1846, and his object was to complete
the survey of the northern parts of North America. The
coast to be examined extended for about 500 miles, and
was that of a supposed passage separating Boothia Felix
from the main land. In this expedition he made use of
open boats in preference to larger vessels, because they
could be hauled over the ice. They were undecked, and
the party had to sleep in them uncovered by anything but
an oil cloth. After reaching the spot where they proposed
to commence the land journey they had to pull one of the
boats over 40 miles of land. This they accomplished with
ease, but further progress was rendered impossible by ice,
and he was compelled to go back to the coast to winter.
Their position in those circumstances was by no means
satisfactory. They had no material for building houses,
they had to be absent 15 months, they had with them only
four months' provisions, and they wore not certain that
they would be able to find food. The mtni, however, whom
he had with him, who had been well trained to such life in
the Hudson's Bay territories, readily agreen to his proposal,
and at once made preparations for wintering. They ran up
some small walls, covered them with the sails of the boat
and with a deer-skin formed a dobr. In the month of
September the deer began to flock in from the north ; and
in that and the following month they secured a large
number of thorn. They also now collected fuel in the shape
of moss and plants. The most uncomfortable part of
their position was the moistness of their house, and the
consequent looseness of the stones of which it was built.
The frost, when it set in, froze every7part of their dwelling
to such a degree that the lecturer had to take his books to
bed with him and thaw them with the heat of his body before
he could open them. (Laughter.) During the whole expedi-
tion they made use of no spirits, with the exception of a glass
or two at the Christmas season. His experience was that
these liquors had first an elevating, succeeded by a depress-
ing, effect. Ho attributed one half of the cases of death in
those cold regions to the use of them. Their occupation
during the winter was almost entirely negative, and the most
of his own time was spent in educating his men. With the
Esquimaux by whom they were joined they were on the
most friendly terms, and Dr. Rae's experience of the tribe
led him to form a highly favourable opinion of them. He
had never seen any people so admirable in their domestic
relations. Ho found that the father was kind to his child-
ren, the husband tender to his wife, and the children duti-
ful to their parents. The Esquimaux treated his wife as his
equal—in fact, she was generally the best man—(laughter)
—and was careful after he had made the acquaintance of a
stranger to introduce her and his children. They were
most delicate also in their relations with strangers ; they
never accepted presents without offering something in
'
ey were exceedingly grateful, and they were
ruiy courteous in not intruding too far upon the domestic
arrangements of others. In these respects they were vastly
superior to all other savages. Of their-houses the lecturer
gave a minute description, stating that they were built in
winter of the hard packed snow, which was cut into blocks.
These were arranged in circular tiers, each block being cut
away obliquely at one end, so that all above it might have
a secure rest, the effect being that the whole building was

return

spiral. A house of this description could be built in an
hour. The window was formed by the insertion of a piece
of pure ice in a hole on the south side. In the interior
above the door, where the cold air could not readily reach,
was built a platform which, when covered with skins, they
used as a bed. Dr. Rae stated that he had never slept
better in his life than in such a house, with only one
blanket, and with the temperature thirty degrees below
zero. In the month of April, when the spring had set in,
the party started once more, travelling along the coast
without finding a passage, and continuing their journey
till they came to Lord Mayor's Bay, which had been sur-
veyed by Sir John Ross in 1831-2. From his examina-
tion the lecturer knew at once that by the agreement of the
coast with the account given by Sir John Ross that he had
joined another survey. They then travelled up to a point
which connected them with Sir E. Parry's survey, thus
making the examination of the north-east point of Ame-
rica complete. The deer were beginning then to come in
great numbers to the north, and they killed some. They
retained the flesh for future use, cutting out the stomach
and intestines, which they were not teo particular in clean-
ing—(laughter)—and making soup of them, which was re-
markably good, though somewhat greenish from the con-
tents of the stomach. (Renewed laughter.) They could not
imagine the appetite a man got in these cold climates. (A
laugh.) They were, however, frequently reduced, both in
food and fuel, and from the want of the latter necessary
they had sometimes to take their kettles to bed to melt the
snow they employed in cooking. They returned to their
winter quarters after having walked something like 1,200
miles, and hauled each about 2001bs. weight. The spring
they spent among their Esquimaux Mends, and when the
ice broke up in the month of August, they put back to
York Factory, whence they returned to England. His next
expedition was that undertaken in 1848, at the request of
and in company with Sir John Richardson, a man renowned
not less in science than in Arctic exploration. (Cheers.) In
boats conveyed from England they descended the large and
beautiful Mackenzie River, at the mouth of which they
found a hostile tribe of Esquimaux, who would have pil-
laged them had they not kept out to sea. Thither they were
followed by some of the smaller canoes. It became stormy,
however, and the effect was that the canoes, the nature of
which is that the person who is in one cannot get out of it,
and that if he is overturned he must remain head down—
(laughter)--speedily left them. The object of the expedi-
tion was to explore 400 or 500 miles of coast and to search
for Sir John Franklin. When they reached the mouth of
the Coppermine River they were frozen in, and compelled
to cross the country under the most disagreeable circum-
stances, in overcoming which Sir John Richardson parti-
cularly distinguished himself. After a most trying march,
and without finding any traces of Sir John Franklin,
they arrived at Fort Confidence, their winter quarters,
and one of the coldest places known, the temperature
being 72 deg. below zero, or 104 deg. below freezing point.
Dr. Rae had to return from this expedition without having
obtained any information. He was again appointed by Go-
vernment in 1850 to search this coast. In that expedition
he was at one point within4o or 50railes of the place where
Franklin's party were, and at another they found two pieces
of drifting wood which had belonged to a Government
vessel. In 1853 he was again sent out by the Hudson's
Bay Company, to attempt further exploration, in which
they did not succeed. They, however, did obtain such in-
formation from Esquimaux as left them in no doubt of the
fate of Sir John Franklin and his party. After an amusing
description of some of the animals of the Polar regions, Dr.
Rae concluded his lecture by reference to the proposed
Arctic expedition. There were, he stated, two plans, that
of Capt. Sherard Osborne's, to send out two steamers, one
to winter in Smith's Sound as a depot, and the other to go
as far north as possible and then to endeavour to reach the
Pole by sledges ; the other, and that most favoured by naval
men generally, to send a steamer towards the Polo by way
of Spitzbergen. No journey had yet been accomplished
equal to that proposed by Capt. Osborne. Capt. M'Clintock,
in his journey in 1853,0 f 1,030 geographical miles, had been
able to kill a large quantity of game ; and each man had
only a small sledge to haul, the former of which could not be
depended on, and the latter of which would not be the case
in this plan. On the whole, he thought it not perhaps im-
practicable, but far more difficult than Captain Osborne
thought. By the other plan he thought it quite practicable
to reach the Pole in one season, whereas the difficulty of
reaching Smith's Sound was so great that they would take
as long to reach the winter quarters as they would to reach
the Pole by the second route. The lecturer concluded
amidst loud applause.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE-April 19

WORSHIP STREET.

AN EXTRAORDINARY PROSECUTION.—Maria Robinson,
young, ladylike, and interesting, the daughter-of a gentle-
man well known in past years as connected with the legal
profession, and now deceased, was charged with robbing
h.r employer, Mr. B. Hartshorn, a draper and haberdasher
carrying on business at Hackney.
It will be recollected that the prisoner had been in the
employ of Mr. Hartshorn as a shopwoman for about three
months ; that from suspicion, as he alleged, of her honesty
he requested one Sunday night to be shown the contents
of her box ; that she refused, and insisted on leaving the
house, which she did, promising to return in the morning
following with her sister, in whose presence the box should
be opened. This arrangement was carried out, and the
prosecutor, having called in a policeman, claimed several
articles found in the trunk as a portion of his stock-in-
trade, which had no right there, and must, he asserted,
have been stolen by the young woman, whom he therefore
gave into custody.
For the defence it was shown that several of these pieces
of goods had been given to the prisoner by her married sis-
ter, who had previously kept a milliner's shop in Hackney,
that others she had bought out of the prosecutor's stock,
and seen by another shopwoman to have apparently paid
for by putting money in the till ; but one item (a handker-
chief) she disclaimed all knowledge of, and could not, she
assured her solicitor, account for having been in her
trunk.
Tho prosecutor was subjected to a severe cross-examina-
tion ; and it was clear, despite his persistency that the
property in question must have been stolen from him
that similar goods could be purchased at other shops
still, Mr. Cooke, the magistrate, evidently felt the neces-
sity of thoroughly sifting the whole matter, which sud-
denly took the following unexpected turn :
Mr. Lewis (to prosecutor}—Was this young lady's trunk
opened during her absence from your house ?
Mr. Hartshorn, visibly confused, began to fold some of
the articles before him, and remained silent.
Mr. Lewis—Now, sir (repeating the question), probably
something more is known of this than you imagine.
Mr. Hartshot n—Well, I believe that it was.
Mr. Lewis—By whom ?
Mr. Hartshorn—My wife.
Mr. Lewis—When ?
Mr. Hartshorn—On the Sunday afternoon.
Mr. Lewis—The same day that you accused her on her
return ?—Mr. Hartshorn—Yes.
Mr. Lewis—Any servant in the house ?—Mr. Hartshorn
—No, myself and wife only. I knew nothing of the, box
being opened at the time, and afterwards was very vexed
but ladies are curious, and—
Mr. Lewis—And you a kindly-disposed man. Noly, sir,
from where did your wife get the key in question ?—Mr.
Hartshorn—lt was on her own bunch.
Mr. Lewis—ls she here ?—Mr. Hartshorn—She is not.
Mr. Lewis (to the magistrate)—Sir, I think, after this
revelation, the "lady" should be present. At personal in-
convenience I will remain while she is fetched.
Mr. Cooke—l quite agree with you.
Mr. Hartshorn—lf you will permit me I will send her.
No one else is in care of the business.
Mr. Cooke—The constable in charge of the case will
fetch her ; it will not occupy many minutes.
This little incident was listened to by a crowded court
in; dead silence. After the first admission respecting the
trunk, and when after a brief space the lady having been
brought in a cab entered the court, her husband was
ordered from it. Upon her oath she detailed the proceed-
ing as stated by him, and when, with a purposed apparent
indifference, Mr. Safford, the clerk, asked her, " Did any
person look into her box ?" she replied " No."
Mr. Safford—You are sure of that, madam ?—Mrs. Harts-
horn—l tried the hasp.
Mr. Safford —When ?—Mrs. Hartshorn—On the Sunday
afternoon.
Mr. Safford—Yes ; not open it ?—Mrs. Hartshorn—No.
Mr. Safford—you never opened the box ?—Mrs. Harts-
horn—No ; I did not open it at all.
Mr. Cooke (sternly)—Are you sure of that ?
Mrs. Hartshorn paused, cast her eyes downwards, and
then said, in a low voice—" No, I am wrong; I did open
it with one of my own keys ;" and the witness, by dint of
further questioning by Mr. Safford, admitted that her
husband looked into the box and perceived all that was
there.

Mr. Cooke finally remarked—This is a very grave charge
against this young person. The prosecutor's evidence is in
most particular instances contradicted by that of his own
wife, who also when pressed contradicts herself. I can
detain the prisoner no longer.
Miss Robinson curtseyed ; unmistakeable sounds of satis-
faction were heard from the body of the court, but these
were quickly silenced ; and the young woman left the
court with numerous friends.

ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOClETY.—Evening meet-
ing, Monday, the 24th inst., at half-past 8 p.m. ; Sir R. I.
Murchison, K.C.8., president, in the chair.. Papers to be
read.-1. On the Bayanos River, in the Isthmus of Pa-
nama. By Mr. Lawrence Oliphant. 2. A journey from
the foot of Chimborazo to Bogota, across the Central Andes.
By Mr. R. Cross.

[ADVERTISEMENT.] - Holloway's Ointment. Painless
Cures.—Sores, wounds, ulcerations, and other diseases
affecting the skin, aro amendable by this cooling and heal-
ing unguent. It has called forth the loudest praises from
persons who had suffered for years from bad legs, abscesses,
and chronic ulcers, after every hope of cure had long passed
away. None can foam an idea of the comfort it bestows
by restraining inflammation and allaying pain. Whenever
this ointment has been once used it has established its own
worth, and has again been eagerly sought for as the easiest
and safest remedy for all ulcerous complaints. In neu-
ralgia, rheumatism, and gout, the same application, pro-
perly used, gives wonderful relief.