The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-24 00:00:00

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On the 7th inst. the Hon. Edward Everett de-
livered a lecture in the Hall of the Academy of
Music, New York, under the auspices of the Mer-
cantile Library Association, on the origin and cha-
racter of the war. The ball was crowded to excess,
and the Mayor of the city, the Hon. a Opdyke,
was in the chair. The report of the address occu-
pies four columns of the New York papers. The
following is the concluding portion :-
1 sczuple not to say that all the Powers of Europe
united could not in seven years have brought the
scourges or evils of war so near to the vitals of the
people as this execrable secession has done in seven
or eight months. Then for a moment let us try to
look into the future. If the South has not been wil-
ing to live in-peace under a Government which Mr.
Stephens (the Vice-President of the Confederation)
has declared to be the most beneficent of which
history gives any account, but for the frivolous pre-
text which we have been considering chosen to
plunge into the gulf of war, how, when, and on
what terms can we ever expect to live in peace
hereafter any longer than may be necessary to
accumulate the means of a new war, and to find a
pretext for plunging into it ? Do you say the dif-
ferent sections of the country can make treaties ?
Treaties! I should like to know whether treaties
are more binding than constitutions—whether acts
of ratification are more sacred than oaths of alle-
giance, which every one of these leaders now has
upon his soul. Why, the great practical grievance
of which the South is complaining is that the North
claims, in virtue of all the traditions of the Govern-
ment, running back to its very foundation, embodied
by Jefferson in projecting
an ordinance for the
North-western territory, as long ago as 1784—the
North plead for the general Government the right
to prohibit the extension of slavery into the
five territories of the United States north
of.‘the—Missouri-01ine.' Deets anylittfiadi being
suppose that if secession prospers and the
confederacy. should be established and acknow-
ledged, these free millions of the North will allow
slavery to extend itself beyond the Missouri line ?
No, no; not if Chief Justice Taney should live to
the age of Methuselah, and should issue a Dred Scott
decision every year of his life. (Laughter and
cheers.) Mr. Everett then spoke of the complaints
which the South made about Northern pulpits and
the Northern press, and said if the rebellion were
successful every cause of irritation would be in-
creased a hundredfold. He then spoke of the advice
which English statesmen gave to our government
in persisting to resist secession, that we were very
unwise to encounter the evils of civil war, instead
of letting the country quietly go to pieces. I won-
der, said he, if these political doctors would like the
taste of their own medicine? If this breaking up
of powerful governments is such an excellent thing,
why were such spasmodic efforts made six or seven
years ago to put down the Sepoy rebellion at the
antipodes ? Why was the Irish rebellion of '9B re-
sisted ?—the Scottish rebellion of '45, and the older
one of 1715 ? Why do they not avail themselves
of their great historical precedent P These political
doctors think it would be a good thing if Spain
should become as it was—independent kingdoms.
The whole civilised world, within two or three
years, has clapped its hands in joy, as it has seen the
various states of Italy abdicating their separate in-
dependent governments, and, what is harder to do,
forget the feuds and differences of ages, and come
together in one beautifal Italian nationality. (Ap-
plause.) Germany, in the middle ages, was broken
up into more than three hundred and forty indepen-
dent Powers; and would those who sympathised
with the leaders of Southern rebellion, and saying
that secession and disintegration are so desirable
for America, say to the Prince of Germany, " Plant
yourself on your reserved rights, and recover your
medimval independence ?" Is it not enough, my
friends, to make an angel weep, I had almost said
tears of blood ? Here are men of common sense,
you must admit—of education and experience in
affairs—men who aspire to what ought to be the
honoured name of statesmen---to see them not only
so recreant to the memory of their fathers and the
hereos of the revolutionary age, but so dead to the
voice of history, so blind to the experience of all
other nations, so reckless of the great lessons of
history, as to think that in a country like this the
path to prosperity can lie through the bloody gate
of treason and rebellion, and that the permanent
welfare of a great confederate republic can be pro-
moted by its being broken up into 30, 40, or 50
independent jealous principalities. But it cannot,
it shall not be. (Loud cries of " No," and cheers.)
This glorious framework of national government
shall not be allowed to erumble into dishonourable
fragments. (Renewed applause.) This seamless
garment of union that folds the country like a Holy
Providence shall not be allowed to be torn into
tatters by traitorous hands. (Cheers.) No, no, no
—a thousand times no. Rise, loyal millions of the
country, hasten to the rescue of the Union. Come,
old men and children, young men and maidens;
come as the winds come when forests are rended ;
come as the waves come when navies are stranded;
come with your strong hands; come with your cun-
ning hands ; come with your swords ; come with
your knitting needles; come with your purses, your
voices, your pens, your types, your prayers—come
one, come all to the rescue of the Union. (Loud
applause.)

PR1CE.....—..4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

officers of districts, or, in the case of head-quarter
recruits, through the Assistant-Adjutant-General,
Royal Engineers, before any men are enlisted for
drivers, there being but one troop in the Engineers,
in
,w,
ihviFchAlivTancayn.Lieis seldom
ieig occur.ht,from
sft Gin and upwards,
and between the ages of 17 and 25 years.
"Infantry in India, China, New South Wales,
and St. Helena.-r--Height, from sft Gin and upwards,
and not under 18 years of age nor above 25.
" GOTH REGIMENT ANDRIFLEBRIGADE.—Height,
sft Gin and upwards. Chest measurement, 34in.
" Chest measurement for Infantry (Rifle regi-
ments excepted) recruits, sft 6in and upwards, the
same as for gunners, Royal Artillery.
" The recruit is to be measured round the chest
in a line over the nipples, with his arms placed
straight above his head, the backs of the hands
touching each other, and the edges of the feet to-
gether, and at-the same time made to count the
numbers from one to ten in a loud tone of voice,
and slowly. The superintending officer, and not
the surgeon, will be held responsible for the correct-
ness of this measurement.
" Whenever a difference of opinion arises of the
headquarters of any corps, depot, or recruiting dis-
trict as to the chest measurement of a recruit, a
special report is be made to the Adjutant-General,
fbr submission to his Royal Highness the General
Commanding in Chief, as to the final disposal of
the men.
" CAPE MOUNTED RIFLEMEN.—To be attested as
infantry. Height, sft. to sft. 3in. ; age, from 16
to 18 years.

" Boys not under 14, and lads not over 16 (except
for the Royal Engineers, who are not to exceed 15),
of good character, may be enlisted, by special
authority as heretofore, to be trained as trumpeters,
&e,, in proportion of one to every 100 rank and file
borne on the establishment of a regiment or corps,
but on attaining the age of 18 they are to be consi-
dered eligible for the ranks.

" Soldiers enlisted for unlimited service, and who
have obtained, or may hereafter obtain, their dis-
charge free or by purchase, may be re•enlisted for
that arm of the service from which they were dis-
charged, up to the age of 38 for the Cavalry, Artil-
lery, and Engineers, and up to 36 for the Infantry,
providing they are in all respects eligible under the
recruiting regulations.
" Soldiers who have been, or may hereafter be
discharged after the completion of their first term
of limited service, and who wish to re-enter the
army, are not to be enlisted as ordinary recruits,
but should be re-engaged for that branch of the
army in which they had previously served, under
the provisions of the Mutiny Act, and on making a
declaration in the form given in the schedule annexed
to that Act, and also on production of their discharge
proving them to be eligible for re-engagement under
the regulations annexed to the Royal warrant of
Oct. 30, 1861.

DISTRIBDTION OF THE LEVY MONEY AT HOME
AND ABROAD.--BOUNTY.--TO the Cavalry, Artil-
lery, and Infantry recruit, on joining his corps, and
being finally approved by his commanding officer,
in cash, without deduction, £l. To the Royal En-
gineer recruit, on joining his corps, and being
finally approved by his commanding officer, in cash,
without deduction, £2. Boys and lads enlisted by
special authority to be trained as musicians,trum-

peters, buglers, or :drummers are not entitled to

_ .., . .
bounty. A complete kit of necessaries to each man

and boy. To the superintending officer, on final ap-
proval by the inspecting field officer, to cover the

expense of postage, stationery, &c., ss. ; for attest-

ing, ls. ; surgical examination, 48. The fee to pri-
vate medical practiticners to be paid in conformity
with the directions cf the War-office circular,
No. 1,173, dated Jan. 5, 1853. To the party, in-
cluding bringer, on final approval by the inspecting
field- officer, including 3s. 6d. to be paid to the
bringer, 55.; on the recruit leaving the district, in-
cluding 4s, to be paid to the bringer, 10s. For
conducting the recruit to his corps, ls.
" Soldiers enlisted for limited service who, while
serving, renew their engagement for a further term,
or who, having been or may hereafter be discharged
after the completion of their first period of limited
service, re-engage to serve for a further term, in
accordance with the provisions of the Mutiny Act,
and the regulations and restrictions annexed to the
Royal
bounty
Warrantanda freedatedk
Oct.i
t(or an
t 0,1861, will be entitled
to allowance in lieu
thereof), but no rewards will be granted in such
cases, nor for boys or lads enlisted by special au-
thority to be trained as trumpeters, buglers, drum-
mers, or musicians.

MR. DAVID URQUHART ON INTERNA-
ANYAL LAW AND RIGHT OF SEARCH.

Lad night Mr. David Urquhart delivered an address in
the lower room, Whittington Club, on " International Law"
as bearing on the contest in the United States and the De-
claration of Paris, the object being to show that " the effect
cf that declaration will be to deprive England of the means
of defending. her own shores, to render her inoperative for
the purposes of war, and be the accomplishment of the aim
of the ' Armed Neutrality' of 1780, brokenthen by England
through the exercise of the right of search."

" The recruiting regulations and bounty for the
West, India Regiments, Gold Coast Artillery Corps,
Royal Malta Fencible Artillery, St. Helena Regi-
ment, Cape Mounted Riflemen, and Ceylon Rifle
Regiment, to continue tho same as at present."

Mr. BEALES (barrister) was called to the chair, and
briefly opened the business.

LECTURE ON GARIBALDI AND ITALY
BY SIGNORA MARIO.

Major STEWART ROLLAND explained that he took upon
himself the responsibility of having induced Mr. Urquhart
to address a public meeting on this important subject at the
present momentous crisis of national affairs, from a pro-
found conviction that he was, above all men, the best qua-
lified to lay before the country the true bearings of ques-
tions in which we were so deeply intetested.
Mr. URQUHART'S address lasted for nearly three hours,
the earlier portion being devoted to an antiquarian and
thatea time i m
ofe
Viennaa dsubsequently
all
former
critical examination of the origin of all law. Thence he
proceeded to show that in 1780 a Confederacy of Maritime
Nations was entered into, with the object of coercing Eng-
land into the abandonment of the right of search. That this
country
she had the world against her, and a d
lone and single-handed
resistedth that right. it ght. even
when
e the Peace m
ptreaties were annulled, and a fresh foundation for interna-
tional relations was established in the treaty then concluded,
and that right was fully recognised. At the breaking out of
the Russian war in 1854, however, Sweden and Denmark
again announced an armed neutrality, and tbeEnglish and
French Governments consented to it under certain restric-
tions. When the war was concluded, the Treaty of Paris
practically surrended tho very object for which Russia had
been contending ever since 1780. The " declaration" ap-
pended to tha treaty abolished privateering, and stated
that the neutral flag covers enemies' goods with the excep-
tion of contraband of war. That " declaration," however,
had not the force of law, and it had never received the for-
mal sanction of Parliament. In order to force from the
people and Parliament of this country such a sanction, Mr.
Urquhart contended that the affair of the Trent had been
preconcerted—that those who had designs against the in-
tegrity and greatness of this country had entered into a
conspiracy, in the hope that amidst the excitement and
passion of the moment the long-coveted object might be
attained. Russia had her diplomatists and agents in the
Court of Washington as well as at Vienna, Berlin, Paris,
and London, and unless England was on its guard the one
great safeguard of its independence and greatness would be
swept away. The hon. gentleman was applauded at the
close of his address.
Mr. DEAN moved that the Minister who would surrender
the right of search was a traitor.
Major ROLLAND said he would willingly second such a
motion, but at this late hour such an important question
could not be fully and properly discussed, and he would
suggest an adjournment.

Last evening Signora Mario delivered her first
lecture before a London audience in South-place
Chapel, Finsbury. The chair was taken by Mr.
Mark Marsden.

The lecturer commenced by expressing an opinion
that Englishmen of the present day care for free-
' dom no longer as a useful thing, manufactured and
I patented for their own use, but as a thing good for
all mankind. The year had begun well, with the
news of peace with America, and that news would
carry more joy to every true English heart than the
news of a victory, for though it was uncertain which
side might do the other most harm, it was certain
that that war would be the deathblow to freedom
on both sides of the Atlantic. In looking at the
present state of Italy it would be well to consider
the steps by which the presentposition was reached.
Some said Louis Napoleon and Cavour had done it
all, and only left for Garibaldi to annex Sicily and
Naples. But there were men who went before, be-
ginning with Dante, who nourished the ideas which
had to be forced down unwilling throats at the
point of the bayonet. From the time of Dante the
nation slumbered for 300 years, until one arose
whom our own Carlyle had ranked among the few
martyr souls—Joseph Mazzini—(cheers)—he who
first taught the Italian youth, and among
them Garibaldi himself, to place the unity of
Italy above any form of Government. (Loud cheers.)
The lecturer then gave a vivid description of the
campaign, initiated in Sicily by Mazzini, and
seconded a month afterwards by Garibaldi and his
thousand. There was never any ground for the fear
that Garibaldi meant to do anything with Sicily
but annex it to Piedmont. But his plan was to hold
Sicily till he could seize Naples, and Naples till he
could conquer Rome, and from Rome he could con-
quer Venice. There was a popular notion that the
secret object of Mazzini and Garibaldi was to esttah-
blish, sooner or later, a republic. But
"Italy
Italy—
was, they had most loyally adopted the cryth,e,tl
and Victor Emmanuel," preferring Italian unity t
went on
atonyshfoowrmthofatgotvheerrnemoeonutidThhee lnecotupreearotehinn
Venice were free. Kossuth lately wrote, that the
upon Venice. No
Hungarian question depended_
be followed
doubt a rising in Venice would
aid,by one
which meant peace in Europe—until Rome and
no need of a foreign usurper to drive out the Aus-
trians. In conclusion, the lecturer appealed to the
in Hungary, and with Piedmont_ to
. there was
British public to aid the Italian cause, not only by
moral sympathy but by material aid in the shape
of red shirts and muskets, as Englishmen had done
before. She asked the rich to give their pounds,
the poor their pence, so that Britons might offer up
the prayer, God deal so with Britain as Britain has
dealt with Italy. (The lecturer resumed her seat
amidst a burst of applause.)

The thank; of the meeting were given to Mr. Urquhart,
and the meeting then adjourned till Monday next.

FOREIGN MAIL PACKET LIST.

et BRITANNIA ON THE RAMPAGE.”--Our Ameri-
can cousin's publication, the Budget of Fun, has a carica-
ture bearing this title. It shows an old lady whose bonnet
mysteriously runs into a helmet, whose shawl bears the
cross of St. George upon it, and who carries under one arm
an umbrella, and under the other a trident. She is stand-
ing before the counter of a "nation's" store, saying to a
long lank Yankee who writes at a desk near by, " I want
them two men now you took out of my boat," to which the
Yankee storekeeper replies, by calling to Seward, the shop-
boy, in another part of the shop, " Here, Bill, you attend
to this. Do what's right by this old gal. I can't be
bothered with her just now."

1! OYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Manager--Mr. Edmund Falconer.
THIS EVENING, Jan. 2,, the new and original Drama,
entitled PEEP O'DAY ; or, Savourneen Deelish. Messrs.
Walter Lacy, Hermann Vezin, Charles Selby, Edmund
Mrs. D. P. Bowers, Miss Clara Weston.
After *which, a r.ew and original Burlesque Extravaganza,
entitled LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD ; or, The Fairies of
the Rose, the Thistle, and the Shamrcck. Principal charac-
ters by :Mr. Chas. Selby, Mr. Warlow, Miss Cicely Nott, and
Miss Lydia Thompson.

ActingManager—Mr. F. B. Chatterton.
6, to commence t
Prices as usual. Doors open at half-past
Box.ofnoe open daily from li tills.

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THE SUN.

LONDON, FRIDAY, JAN. 24, 1862.

Further particulars from Hartley only tend to
impress our minds and hearts the more painfully
with a sense of the fearful character and magnitude
of the calamity that has fallen upon the devoted
heads of the widows and orphans of that little in-
dustrial community. Within a single week the
whole adult male population has been swept out of
existence as by the crash of a thunderbolt. It was
literally thus—remembering what was the actual
origin of this dire catastrophe, A ponderons beam
of cast iron, spanning the mouth of the coal pit,

suddenly, in the twinkling of an eye, snaps asunder,
and half of it, weighing, it is estimated by those
competent to form an opinion upon the subject, over
twenty tons, whirls like a gleam of lightning down
the shaft, crashing away all the woodwork and filling
up the one sole orifice of the mine, the one solitary
means of ingress to it, or egress from it, with a
jumbled mass of crumbling earth and shattered
timber. The mainshaft of the Hartley coal-pit is,
in consequence of this instantaneous accident,
sealed up for nearly one whole week, and sealed up
during the first part of that week hermetically.
Efforts more than Herculean, because guided by all
the aid of arts and sciences wholly unknown to
HERCULES, are made during many days and nights
of breathless anxiety in regard to the fate of the 215
men and boys entombed 100 fathoms below the surface
of the earth—and are all made in vain.

The perillous nature of these endeavours on the part
of the gallant fellows who eagerly volunteered their
services on this occasion it wou!d be difficult, if not
even impossible, to exaggerate. A frightful death
seemed to threaten them at every moment while
they worked—heartened at every instant of thought
by the reflection that time was vitally everything
to the poor fellows whom they were bent if possible
upon rescuing. The very walls of the treacherous
abyss over which they were working, appeared at
each instant of their labours to threaten destruction,
by collapsing bodily around them. At every beat
of the pendulum in the neighbouring village church
there was a possibility of what actually came to pass
at last, when the obstruction in the shaft was so
far broken through that the accumulated pestilen-
tial vapours, hitherto denied escape, burst forth upon
the little Forlorn Hope toiling there, mattock and
pickaxe in hand, for the extrication of their im-
prisoned mates. This was the deadly gush of the
" stythe," which all but destroyed the volunteers at
its first outbreak—one of their number, upon
being drawn up out of the poisonous atmosphere,
apparently being for a while at the point of death
in consequence. In all this there was undoubted
heroism : as afterwards, in a still more remarkable
manner, when two or three of the volunteer workmen
were at length lowered far enough down into the pit,
to admit of their entrance into the fatal yard-
seam, where the majority of the unhappy victims
of this dreadful disaster were found huddled toge-
ther, as we related yesterday. The Victoria Cross,
though most judiciously distributed hitherto, has
already been awarded for lesser deeds of heroism
than this. Futile though the effort was in its
result, save inasmuch as it revealed at last the
fate of those whose condition had been up to
then problematical, the conduct of those who
penetrated, at the hazard of their own lives, into
the foul gases still lingering over the clustered
bodies of the colliers the lives of whom
the breath, doubtless, of carbonic oxide had
in every instance destroyed—the conduct of those
noble-hearted Volunteers, we say, was as worthy
of our admiration as though they had brought the r