The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-08 00:00:00

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THE SUN.

LONDON, MONDAY, SEPT. 8, 1862.

The most industriously circulated calumny of the
against the mother country will surely
be heard no more. President LINCOLN has him-
self refuted it. It ran thus, that England was
" guilty of damnable hypocrisy,"—such was the
language of an official man—in pretending to any
concern for negro emancipation, since she looked
coldly on the North. In every form this calumny
has been repeated ; our inconsistency has been
bitterly denounced again and again. It has been
alleged that we must have a special spite against
the North, because we declined, as a Government,
to take her part more than that of the South; and
because with all our professed antipathy to slave-
holders, we could not withhold our admiration for 1
the skill and courage with which, under the greatest
difficulties, the South had sustained its defence.
Mr. LINCOLN has, however, set the matter for
ever at rest. The North, he distinctly says, is
fighting for the Union and for nothing else. His
friend, Mr. HORACE (FREELY, publishes a long
letter to him in his journal, Tke Tribune, and
claiming to write in the name of twenty millions of
people argues, at length, for the necessity of an
Emancipation policy. Mr. GREELY is not only a
personal friend of Mr. LINCOLN'S, but a very
influential man in the Republican party which
elected him. Mr. ,„I".iNcoLN, therefore, who seems
to have not a touch of the Royal indifference to
what people write, nor anything like so much
as an English Premier, actually answers the letter
—just as the other day he made a speech at a public
meeting at Washington. Mr. LINCOLN opens his
whole political heart to his old friend, and the
avowal is unmistakeable—in the last sentence he
says that his personal wish is that "all
men every-
where could be free."
Perhaps half the South
itself would say as much. But his letter,
in every
conceivable form of iteration, says—The Unl°ll is
the idol of my policy. If the partial abolition, or
the entire abolition of slavery would save the Union,
then partially or wholly abolish it. If the reten-
tion of slavery would save it, then keep slavery.
The Union is his Alpha and Omega, and slavery is
to be dealt with without the slightest regard to
negro rights ; it is to be weighed in the Union
balances, and judged of by the Union entirely.
And yet there are English journals who affect to
rebuke all who have long seen through the utter
hollowness of Northern pretensions. Not, indeed,
that it required any particular sharpness of vision
to do so. We cannot say that the North ever said
or did anything at variance with the •
Palley marked
out by Mr. LINCOLN. The Anti-Slavery cloak was
only thrown over the Union policy when England
was to be abused. Some things have, • d
wad, been
done to mortify the democratic party, and to rid the
North of some of its disgraceful homage to slavery,
but nothing whatever has proclaimed the slightest
sympathy of the powers that be, in the North, with
negro emancipation—negro expatriation is rather
their cry. For this the Congress votes money, for
this the PRESIDENT makes speeches, and for this
expeditions are organised to New Grenada, to carry
the blacks to its coal mines—negroes and coals are
the PRESIDENT'S negro policy. As to negroes and
freedom, his treatment of FREMONT and HUNTER,
and his approval of HALLECK, have been evidence
enough of his views,

The war, then, is what we are thrown back on
as his means of raloring union between the dis-
severed portions of the Union. Though, how it is
politically to reunite them, no one yet has attempted
to show. Nothing but victory, conquest, and sub-
jugation seem to be thought of; the question how,
if conquered, the forced union is to become a unity
is not even mentioned. What shall be the issue of
the war, is a question which present appearances
make it more difficult than ever to answer. The
full particulars of the bite fights which have arrived
to-day tell both ways, If the Confederates were
successful in
attackhrig POPE and harassing his
retreat, POPE
he great body ofn,ile o ther hand succeeded in joining
the Federal forces. Again, though

the Federals have united their forces on the north
of the Rappahannock, their enemy is attacking them
at so many points along their line, that they know
not where he will attempt to cross the river and to
cut their line. The Federals ought now to be
strong enough for the attack and advance, but
they seem afraid to make it. They do not know
where the terrible " Stonewall" JACKSON
is, and
they cannot hazard leaving him in their rear or
flank, for aught they know. The Confederates
have failed to take POPE in flank ; but by one of their
clever raids, 12 miles in his rear, they have not
failed to get possession of his whole staff equip-
ments—spare horses, papers, plans of the campaign,
military'correspondence—and a considerable amount
of Mr. CHASE'S " greenbacks !" It is even sup-
posed by the Federals that they will have to change
the plan of their campaign, on account of the know-
ledge of their plans which General LEE has thus
acquired.

We cannot therefore venture to prophesy as
things now stand. Virginia has become again the
grand theatre of action. If the Confederates cannot
succeed there now, they know that a month or two
hence their work will be yet more difficult. Hence
their present vigorous efforts on the offensive. Time
is gala to the North under present circumstances ;
and both parties know it. So determined have the
Cnnfederates been that probably Washington has
just been in greater danger, if indeed it has yet
escaped it, than ever since the war began. The
position, therefore, at the moment of the last des-
patches was—the South eager to fight, the North
desirous to avoid fighting, and to await reinforce-
ments—both separated only by a river: Any day
we may hear of a fearful attack by the South on
the North.

A Consultation of Physicians at Spezzia on
Thursday last looks ill. It increases our anxiety
as to the health of General GARIBALDI instead of
allaying it. And the decision arrived at, after ma-
ture deliberation, by the Italian Doctors, while it is
partially reassuring, is only partially reassuring.
After probing the principal wound, they arrive at
the conclusion that there is no bullet lodged there
requiring extraction. The fear had been that the
ball had penetrated and lay there, deepseated, in the
flesh—endangering life if left there. Bruising and
tearing through the upper portion of the thigh, it
was supposed that this fatal rifle-ball had glanced
upwards (having been fired from below by one of
theßersaglieri) and had pierced the groin. Happily
the physicians think otherwise. They have exa-
mined both wounds carefully, and have come to the
decision here intimated in regard to the upper
wound, that there is no bullet at all to be extracted.
So far—the tidings are good as to the result of
Thursday's consultation. But, unhappily, that is
by no means all the news brought to us in regard
to the state of the wounded hero now stretched upon
his couch of suffering in the fortress of Varignano.
The lower wound—the wound in the foot, appears
to be as severe in its way as it was last week believed
to be. The upper part of the ankle is torn and
shattered—the flesh torn, the very hone shattered.
The fracture is that of the right malleolus of the
tibia—that is a splintering of the protuberent ex-
tremity of one of the principal bones of the leg. It
is a fracture, consequently, of one of the principal
bones of the leg at its point ofjunction with one of the
most complex and delicate joints in our anatomy—
where the bones of the ankle cluster above the arch,
or almost we might call it the osseous dome of the
foot, for the arching of it is in all directions. Know-
ing -t, bus the position and extent of this wound in the
foot of the Italian ACHILLES, we cannot much mar-
vel when we hear that GARIBALDI cannot stand, can-
not even stir without bodily anguish—that fever has
set in—that, lying there prostrate, the lion-hearted
patient maintains an almost unbroken silence—
evidently suffering bitterly both in mind and body.
There is no danger, says the physicians, after con-
sulting together on Thursday—there is no "danger,"
but it will take a long time to effect a cure ! Re-
membering the fatal consequences before now of
bringing together a group of Italian Doctors—it is
with some little anguish that we receive these tidings
about GARIBALDI ! We recall to mind how CAVOUR
slipped through their hands at Turin. We remem-
-1 ber how—nearer home than Turin and Spezzia—
illustrious patients have passed sway somehow,
needlessly, avoidably, from the very multiplicity of
their medical advisers, coupled with an apparently
paralysing sense the while among these medi-
cal advisers of the value of the life entrusted to
their care and skill. Enough, when sorrowful
mention has here been made of the late Sir ROBERT
PEEL, and more recently of his Royal Highness the
late PRINCE CONSORT. It will be a direful day,
however, under existing circumstances, for GARI-
BALDI'S captors, if anything serious should befal the
Hero, struck down by dastardly rifle shots upon
the height of Aspromonte.
It would be a simplification of course in one way
of the Government Difficulty just now in Turin
—were there no GARIBALDI to be tried ! But it
would be a very serious and perilous sim-
plification, we may be quite certain of
that. Better for Italy, for the Italian
King, and for the Italian Parliament, if GARI-
BALDI were to pass from the public scene
there into Exile than if he were to disappear
into his Grave. As the Ministerial difficulty
I
stands even now in reference to GARIBALDI,
it would seem that RATTAZZI and his col-
leagues
are fairly puzzled what to do with the
State
prisoner. After all this late talk about bring-
ing the
General before a High Court of Justice 1
charge of High Treason, it has now been de-
tided that there shall be no Civil trial whatev3r of
upon a ch
GARIBALDI or of his Garibaldians. One and all of
them—to the number of some three thousand—.
are to be brought, it is asserted, before mili-
tary tribunals : eveo GARIBALDI himself ! But
—not surely upon a charge of High Treason !
Scarcely could GARIBALDI and his followers be
arraigned as Traitors before any Military Tribunal !
you will be leze
A proceeding like that
ot of the majesty of
Majeste—and a violation too, LI
the Crown, but of that of which the Crown itself is
but the would if
. . symbol, viz., of the majesty of the law. The
civilised nations of Europe
see it done.f all would,
in any case, be
mon-
strous farce, a monstrous
The Trial of
crimeGARIBALDI not stand by and
at
nothing less than, at once, a
But, part of the
Italian Government.could
on the
at
ought, at least, to be done perfectly
petne d
not by a violation of all the natural rights of man
in civilised communities. In any way that it maye
veriest possibly be regarded, it was th
est gust-opens
that affair at Aspromonte. GARIBALDIre lie,all,and
found him-
self there, when all was over,
struck down—
mutilated, bleeding, and incapable •
of rising to his
feet
in a mountain pass that proved to be a
cul de sac where ho and his followers were
trapped and captured, like so many run
---away
galley-slaves, by the remorseless Bersaglieri
of Colonel PALLAVICINO. How the shooting and
bayonetting went, in that deadly conflict, we may
now recognise rather more clearly
than could possibly be done before
now. Scattered about, when the WA shot was tired
and the last bayonet stab inflicted, there were
found hors de combat at Aspromonte—among the
Royalists, in killed and wounded, some 212—among
the Garibaldians, not less than 600 ! GARIBALDI
being amongst those 600, and the fight having