The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-04 00:00:00

The War in the Brazils.

Subjoined is a more detailed account of the re-
cent operations by sea and land between the allied
forces and the Paraguayans than has yet been
published :
" The junction of Paunero with General Flores
tooleplace upon the 13th of August at the ford called
Sant'Anna, 22 miles from Passo dos Livres (Re-
stauracion), in which last place the Paraguayans
were, in strength about 3,000 or 3,500 men, with
four pieces of cannon. -
" The forces of the allies consisted of :—Argen-
tines, six battalions of infantry, two militarytlegions
(chiefly foreigners) ; the Ist battalion of national
guards ; the battalion of the St. Nicholas national
guards, and the Ist battalion of Correntine national
guards ; 3 squadrons of artillery ; the let regiment
of cavalry of Correntes under General Madariaga.
They comprised four divisions. The Ist under
Col. Ignatio Rivas consisted of four battalions and
a squadron of artillery ; the 2d under Col. Arre-
dondo, of a similar force ; the 3d under Colonel
Mathias Rivera, of a squadron of artillery, the Ist
regiment of cavalry, and the Corrientes battalion ;
the 4th, under Gen. Madariaga, comprehended the
militia cavalry of Corrientes, consisting of the regi-
ments of Col. Paiva and Col. Reguera ; in all,
4,500 men.
" Brazilians—The sth and 7th battalions of in-
fantry of the line, forming a brigade under Col.
Coelho Kelly, and the battalion of volunteers raised
among the Brazilians in Uruguay ty the Rio Gran-
dense Col. Fidelis ; about 1,200.

" Orientals---Two battalions; Bustamente's legion
of volunteers ; a squadron of artillery with 8 rifled
guns ; the cavalry escort of Gen. Flores under his
son, and various other bodies of cavalry; in all about
3,200 men. The two battalions, the legion, and
Fidelis's corps formed two brigades under Colonel
Leon de Palleja. The artillery was under General
Nicasio Borges, and the cavalry, except the regi-
ment of the cavalry escort, was commanded by
General Gregorio Soares.

" The militia cavalry of General Madariaga were
sent in front to watch the enemy's movements, and
on the 16th the whole army marched in the direction
of Restauracion (Basso dos Livres), the Orientals
and Brazilians forming the vanguard, and advanced
as far as the Capiquise, leaving the rearguard under
Paunero two miles behind, General Madariaga
having brought intelligence that the enemy were
advancing, General Flores sent word to General
Paunero to hasten his march, and join the vanguard,
and decid d to give battle at the place he was in—
that is beyond the Capiquise. However, a quarter
of an hour afterwards he received another notice that
the enemy were retiring to Basso dos Livres. All
precautions were taken during the night to guard
against surprise.

4 4 A on +ha 17*1.
wards Pass dos Livres, six miles from the Capiquise,
in two parallel columns, with sufficient distances to
deploy in line, keeping in the advance the division
of G eneral Soares. When three miles were marched
over news was Brought by the advance that the
enemy had left town, and were on the Ombusito,
miles to the north of it. Turning a little to the left,
the march continued, and after a little time it was
ascertained that the enemy, learning of the ap-
proach of the allies, were preparing to resist. The
advanced cavalry then took position on the left.
The enemy, concealed on the other side of the deep
ravine of Ombusito, took their position, occupying
some farm-houses in groves, and surrounding it
with ditches four feet wise and six feet deep, plac-
ing their line in the bottom of the ravine, having in
front and on the flanks a circuit of ditches.

" General Flores in person gave orders to General
Paunero to take the command of the Argentine army,
increasing it with the Brazilian brigade ; and that,
in the same formation in which they were, he
should form in the line of battle which he
was going to establish with the Oriental infantry.
With those troops General Paunero advanced a
little further to discover the enemy's line, to do
which he sent out the Chasseur companies of his four
battalions, who drove off those of the enemy whom
they found in the first ditch. At this moment, and
while forming the line of battle, the enemy's forces
inclined towards P4unero's right, which obliged the
latter to bend towards the left. This movement was
done at quick step, throwing out the Chasseur com-
panies of his four battalions as skirmishers. The
corps halted to form line of battle whilst the Chas-
scum who had advanced to the second ditch kept up
a fire upon the enemy, who responded with a steady
battalion fire. The squadron of artillery under
General Borges was embarrassed in its advance by
the first ditch, and delayed in entering into line at
the precise moment. Seeing this General Paunero
ordered the squadron of artillery of the first division
under Major Macdon to advance by the right of the
other squadron, avoiding the ditches, and. to enter
into the line then formed. Major Macdon advanced
with his eight pieces at full gallop, and entering the
line by the point indicated opened fire upon the
enemy at 500 paces distance. This fire and that of
the skirmishers made the enemy recoil. The line
advanced. The squadron of artillery under Nelson
as soon as it entered into line opened fire again at
the same distance as the former, and caused the
enemy to retreat, but while attempting this their
formation by battalions was converted into a shape-
less mass, without any regularity to give it the
name of column, in which were mixed up their
cavalry, artillery, &e. A few more shots from the
cannon rendered their retreat decided ; but, how-
ever, it was not without losing the ground foot by
foot and fighting heroically. The companies of
Chasseurs crossed bayonets with them ; all the
battalions advanced in column, supporting the
Chasseurs to the ditches, which prevented the re-
gular march of the troops. The al division, which
was Paunero's left, having no more enemies in its
front, made a diversion to the right, taking with
this movement the right flank of the enemy, and
cutting off 500 or 600 prisoners, among whom
was the commander-in-chief, Major Duarte. The
artillery fired no more, because the infantry, almost
surrounding the enemy, kept up upon them n
a spitevery
heavy fire, which was returned with vigour,of their having lost ground. At this moment the
Ist regiment of cavalry made a superbcthhae cavalry
euarlryon
them, but was repulsed, as was likewise
escort of Gen. Flores, which charged several times.order
The enemy inclined ttohweaordnslythperaaeltliiecadblleeftioirnd,
to pass the Yatay by but
found themselves deceived in the attempt, as the
cavalry of Madariaga and Soares prevented them,
cutting off their crossing. Entering among the
overflowed lands, they remained shut up in a corner
formed by the confluence of the Yatay and the Uru-
guay, and then the artillery of the 3d division, under
Major Viejo-Bueno, advanced so as to fire on them
without injuring the allied infantry, and discharged
some rounds of grape, which obliged them to throw
themselves into the rivers. The two Oriental batta-
lions did much towards this result, as they pene-

trated intelithe swamps as far , QM,
footing., Eirtim that time forward , to dispersion of
the eMl4was complete. On the opposite side of
the Yatah tllose who swam over were completely
naked, and the cavalry which had cut them off from
the ford was ordered to the t left to capture them,
while the cavalry on the right wing followed those
who fled along the Uruguay. The battle, having
begun at five minutes to 11 a.m., was over at 12.15.
This fact, and that of there being more than 4,000
cavalry in pursuit, 1,500 of them being Correntine,
makes it likely that not one would escape.
" The foregoing is chiefly extracted fram the ac-
count of the Argentine Major Uribiru, Adjutant-
General of General Paunero, which is the only cir-
cumstantial account yet received, and naturally
dwells chiefly upon the actions of the Argentine
contingent. Neither Flores, nor the Brazilian bri-
gade commander's official accounts have been yet
received, but it would seem that the Orientals under
Flores made the first advance, and were closely fol-
lowed by the Argentines and Brazilians.
"It is said that the Correntine militia cavalry
gave no quarter during the pursuit, being infuriated
by the invasion and sacking of their provinces. Col.
Fidelis was severely wounded by a lance thrust, and
a ball broke his leg. Two of the flags captured and
sent to Gen. Mitre were forwarded by him toMonte-
video. Immediately after the battle Flores opened
communications with Gen. Caldwell, and prepared
to cross the Uruguay, and with the aid of two Bra-
zilian steamers and some launches which had suc-
ceeded in ascending the rapids at Salto, and that of
the steamers and launches on the river, and the
various flagboats captured from the Paraguayans,
crossed over on the 23d and 24th 6,1300 infantry and
40 pieces of cannon, to undertake the siege of Urn-
guayana, in which the Paraguayans, numbering
7,000, with five pieces of cannon, were shut up by
the Rio Grande troops. Gen. Mitre had sent up a
considerable quantity of munitions, and the siege
was soon to commence' The report was that after
two days' bombardment, an assault by land, co-ope-
rated in by the flotilla on the river, would take
place.
" In descending the Parana the squadron had a
very severe engagement with the Paraguayan bat-
tery on the high bluffs of Cuevas, and received con-
siderable injury in the rigging and hulls, losing 15
killed and 28 wounded, seven of the latter seriously.
It being of importance that the fleet should remain
as long as possible high up the river, to prevent any
attempt of Lopes to take advantage of the discon-
tent and disturbances among the western provinces
of the Confederation, and send troops there, it was
not until the 9th that orders arrived from Admiral
Tamandare to descend below Cuevas, where it was
suspected the Paraguayans were planting cannon.
"The following is Commodore Barroso's official
account :

' Command of the Ist Division of the squadron of
Brazil in the River Plate on board the Amazonas

at Rincon de Soto, 13th of August, 1865.
" Illm. e Ex. Sr.—ln pursuance of the orders of
your Ex., received by the steamer which came to the
squadron in the night of the Bth inst., I took in
hand to arrange all for descending on the following
day (10th) going in the uncertainty of yet finding
water on the ford of Bella-Vista. Happily there
was, due to its having deepened, while the others
that were deeper had less water than that one.
After having passed these fords we met some families
emigrated from Bella-Vista, and some workers on
the Chaco side, who, with importunity besought me
to delay a day in order to get on board their families
and withdraw the cattle and horses with which they
worked in taking wood from the interior to the
bank of the river, preventing in this manner their
sufferhig robbery by the Paraguayans who neces-
sarily would go to follow them. Finding this sup-
plication reasonable, I anchored to delay for the
11th only, and started on the 12th. The informa-
tion which we had from these people was that the
Paraguayans were at Bella-Vista loading their carts
with the sack of the shops, and carrying all to
Empedrado or Corrientes, and that they had only
four or five field pieces; but another who had that
day come from Bella-Vista told me that a woman
had told him that some days previously there had
gone many pieces to Cuevas, and that he came to
me. This made me resolve to send a boat
within a stream that goes out below the batteries,
by which I sent the Tguarey to observe what there
was. Returning, they told me they had seen the
pieces placed on the edge of the bluffs and many
troops. I was then aware that what the woman said
was true. All being suitably arranged, at 9.45 a.m.
of the 12tliweweighedwith some merchant schooners
in tow, the wind being from the south, and pro-
ceeded downwards. Turning in the narrow chan-
nel caused delay, the vanguard on this account
advancing, borne by the current. At ten o'clock
the gunboat Ivahy, which was in the advance,
opened fire, finding the enemy in reach of her heavy
artillery. On approaching I made the signal to
" steam at full power." The fire commenced from
one part to another when the position of the ships
permitted, the crews being sent below to prevent the
losses which they would necessarily suffer from the
grape and musketry poured down during the space
of 15 to 20 minutes that each ship would take to
pass the line of batteries placed from place to place.
I judge that there were from 25 to 30 pieces of can-
non, and more than 2,000 musketeers. By the balls
collected on board the steamer on which I was, and
which received in the hull alone more than 40, there
were 6,9, 12, and 32 pounders, and likewise there
were some rifled shot whose calibre could not be de-
termined from their being in fragments. It seems
incredible that the Paraguayans had transported to
these heights pieces greater than 9 and 12 pounders,
not only from the weight of them, but of the muni-
tions that they require. We sustained a steady and
tenacious fire which was well observed before it was
our turn to suffer, by what was done with those who
went in front. Happily, there was no misfortune
to lament on board this vessel, merely one soldier
who was in the hospital receiving a small contusion.
There are in all the squadron 41 men, including 13
killed, hors de combat, amongst whom are Lieutenant
Marcellino Barboza Leal, 14th battalion of Volun-
teers (of Cachoeiras), and the marine cadet Joaquim
Candido do Nascimento. It is to be noted that a
good part of the killed and wounded were standing
on the deck below. lam informed that the Argentine
steamer Guarda Nacional had an officer and two mid-
shipmen wounded, the latter dying afterwards, and
among the crew two dead and four wounded. She suf-
fered damage also in the hull and rigging. This vessel
passed gallantly without ceasing to fire with her artil-
lery, returning what she got, with which I rest very
satisfied. All our vessels passed, returning the fire
of the batteries, doing in this manna their duty.
This is what I have the honour to report to your
Excellency, recommending the petition which the
commander of the gunboat Araguary makes with
respect to the convict Jose
Maria Ferreira, of the
corps of Imperial Mariners, who is fulfilling a year
of imprisonment. God preserve your Excellency.
FRANCISCO MANOEL BARROSO, Commander of
the Ist Division.'
The position of the Paraguayans was well
chosen ; not only were the bluffs high and immedi-
ately on the river, but this made three turns, at
each of which a battery was placed, which raked
the ships at all sides as they approached and passed.
"The Parnahyba, from her slow speed, suffered
considerably ; and the Argentine steamer, from the
same reason, and because she seemed to be a special.
mark, was injured relatively the most. The losses
of the Paraguayans are unknown, but could not be
small, as they were in bodies, on which the ships
poured shot and shell.

" The fleet went down to six miles above Goya,
upon the Chaco side, where they remained and re-
paired damages; and the Apa, went to Buenos
Ayres with the sick and wounded, numbering 120.
The health of the squadron was still improving."—
Anglo-Brazilian Times.

TIIE " FREIGHT" QUESTION.--The draft project
of law respecting " freight," drawn up by Messrs.
Theodore Engel and Edouard Van Peborg, representatives
of the Belgian Government at York, will come on for dis-
cussion before the Social Science Congress, at Sheffield,
on the morning of Thursday the sth inst. ; and the follow-
ing commercial bodies have intimated their intention to be
represented at the meeting :—The Antwerp Chamber of
Commerce, the Hull, Bristol, and Gloucester Chambers of
Commerce, and the Sunderland Shipowners' Association.

LUADON, IFEDSESD-11, OCTOBER 4, 1865.

An interesting ceremony took place in Dublin on
the occasion of the announcement of the " awards
of jurors." The Duke of LEINSTEE was the chair-
man, and a brilliant assemblage appeared to do
honour to the affair. The LORD MAYOR proposed
that the thanks of the assembly and of the city of
Dublin should be given to Earl RUSSELL for his
honouring them with his presence at that eventful
epoch. He truly observed that the magnificent
building in which they were assembled would re-
main as a monument of the energy, wealth, and
perseverance of Dublin. It must be a source of
great satisfaction to those concerned in its constitu-
tion that Ireland in this respect possesses an
advantage over other cities in having such a mag-
nificent winter palace and grounds as the Exhibi-
tion affords. Lord RUSSELL remarked that he had
great pleasure in writing to foreign Governments
in respect to this Exhibition, yet he had done no
more than his duty in this respect. This is another
proof afforded of the great benefits conferred by the
establishment of these exhibitions, for they induce
the different peoples and nations to confer together,
and thus a neutral ground is formed on which they
can meet. They are, indeed, a triumph of peace,
and a herald of an advanced and enlightened period
of the world's history. Lord RUSSELL remarked
upon the success which had attended the cause
of these undertakings since the fourteen years that
have elapsed from the period of the first great one
in Hyde Park. They have promoted " competitive
examinations," as it were, of the products and
manufactures of different countries, and, by com-
parison, they increase knowledge and promote im-
provement.

The noble earl gave some wise advice at the con-
clusion of his speech. After mentioning that peace
abroad was a necessary adjunct to the success of
these Exhibitions, he went on to say that another
desideratum was that
" tranquillity should be main-
tained at home." This is strictly true, and the hint
may be taken with advantage by those who
are more or less concerned and mixed up
in disquieting affairs in Ireland. It is
indeed in every respect satisfactory that an Exhibi-
tion of this kind should have succeeded so well in
this country, for the more men's minds are drawn
off from the contemplation of irritating subjects the
better, and the more likely are the people to main-
tain that order and consistency of purpose which
can alone make them respected and admired.
Sir ROBERT PEEL made a few observations, which
were well received, on the occasion of proposing
thanks to the gentlemen who had given such ardu-
ous and gratuitous services to the exhibition as
,4 jurors." The lion. baronet ably summed up
the result of their efforts, and also commented
upon the difficult nature of their work. They
had before them a vast collection of the
products of the world, and had to discri-
minate between them. " They had not merely to
separate the good from the indifferent, but they had
to stamp with their approval the intrinsically meri-
torious from the flashy and less creditable produc-
tions—productions no doubt attractive to the eye,
but wanting in that perfection of workmanship and
design which characterise the intrinsically good."
There is indeed no more difficult or insidious task
than that of holding the position of jurors in
51161
"I
air, and therefore the AuCcuz Which

has attended the labours of those who presided
over the Dublin International Exhibition may be
regarded as considerable, for they have had much
to contend against, and yet have triumphed over
obstacles.

Lord HOUGHTON, in some eloquent remarks,
mentioned the advantages that would be conferred
upon mankind by these exhibitions ; they were
" great manifestations of power, which was being
exhibited in the world by bringing all classes on a
great level of intelligence and art."

The Association for the Promotion of Social
( Science is venturing this year into new and untried
quarters. instead of retreating to some of the
quiet old cities sacred to philosophy, science, and
reflection, they have betaken themselves to the
crowded streets of one of the busiest centres of our
manufacturing industry. Whether they have been
actuated by the desire to extend their own practical
knowledge, or whether they wished to impress
a greater regard for social science on those classes
who do not ordinarily trouble themselves much
about matters beyond the immediate range of their
daily duties, is uncertain, but the course is not
without some advantages. One of the great objects
of social science is undoubtedly to improve
the condition of the working man—to remove from
him unnecessary burdens, and to urge upon society
his claims for clean and wholesome habitations, his
right to exemption from unnecessary dangers, and
to protection, as far as possible, from any
injurious influences common to his trade. An-
other important branch of Social Science is
the management of the young. The youth of a
nation, as Mr. DISRAELI, has wisely said, are the
trustees of posterity, and if we suffer the youth of
our generation to grow up in ignorance of all men-
tal and moral training, with dwarfed and crippled
forms, and health enfeebled by too early labour,
those who come after us will assuredly reap the
bitter fruits. It may be said that much more is
being done for the youth of this age than was
ever done before ; but then it must be remem-
bered that the physical dangers of the young are
greatly increased. Mills and factories, of a size
and number never dreamt of by our grandfathers,
are springing up on every side, and adult labour
is still sufficiently valuable to make employers eager
to engage the services of little things, who, by right
of age, should not have left the school-room and
the playground. We may be indignant with the
parent who thus sacrifices his child's health and
education to present gain, and who even falsifies its
age to evade, the beneficent act which protects it
from labour, but in many cases poverty presses
very heavily on the heads of families. A few shil-
lings a week are a great temptation to men and
women who are too ignorant themselves to appre-
ciate the value of schooling, or to know the injury
done to the tender frame of a little child by con-
tinuous labour. The reformers must not, therefore,
expect any very cordial assistance from the poorer
classes themselves, who will, indeed, most probably
resent any legislative interference with their chil-
dren's earnings ; still less can they hope for the
hearty co-operation of the masters. Still the
matter is too vital to the best interests of
the State to be suffered to remain in
abeyance because it is surrounded with difficulties ;
and, perhaps, the best means that could have been
devised for settling some wise and trustworthy
principles of action are those which are, it is said,
to be tried at the Sheffield meeting. A thorough
investigation into the practical workings of the
question can readily be made in a town like
Sheffield, and the two Employment Commissioners,
whose revelations have contributed so much to
direct public attention to the matter, are to hold a
discussion with two working men who advocate the
opposite view. We shall, therefore, hear both sides,
and our legislators may learn some of the practical
difficulties surrounding any reform before they
propound a remedy. Another important topic con-
nected with the working classes will be brought
under the consideration of the Health Department,
where an essay on the unnecessary exposure of
workmen in collieries, mines, and manufactories,
will, it is said, be read by a gentleman, who, in
the course of his profession, attends annually
many thousands of men suffezing from
the disease peculiar to grinders. Very many of the
dangers incidental to trade and manufacture might
be averted or lessened by the observance of a few
precautions. The structure of the buildings is
often unfavourable, and the men themselves are
very apt to neglect ventilation or other matters
which seriously affect their health. The spread of
contagious diseases, and the contamination of the
air in towns, are also to be brought under discus-
sion, and we hope that the question of preserving
our rivers will not be altogether overlooked. The
state of the public health, although not
at present unfavourable, is calculated to give rise to
some uneasy anticipations, and the threatened visi-
tation of cholera has so thoroughly aroused attention
that our sanitary reformers have a good op-
portunity of enforcing their theories with
some chance of being heeded as well as heard.
Commercial questions will naturally come in for a
share of attention ; and the Jurisprudence Depart-
ment will have to consider the propriety of establish-
ing a uniform international law of freight, which
will be discussed by some delegates from several of
our principal chambers of commerce. The debate
will be rendered more interesting by the presence
of two delegates from Antwerp, who will be able to
express the continental views on the matter. If
foreigners can be induced to take part in discussions
of these general questions, it will go far to remove
the prejudices with which commercial reforms are
regarded in many quarters, and will serve
to disseminate those principles of free trade
which all Englishmen wish to see established
throughout the Continent. The Emperor of
the FRENCH had much to contend against before
he could introduce the wedge among his manufac-
turers and merchants, and a less powerful and reso-
lute ruler would probably have abandoned the task
in despair. A great deal has, however, been gained
by the experience of the last few years, and the
commercial mind in France, at all events, is con-
siderably enlightened, and we may hope that
through its agency a greater liberality of feeling
will be introduced into the commercial policy of
neighbouring states. The Association is not likely,
therefore, to want work or lack topics of interest,
and we hope that the meeting which assembles to-
day to listen to the management address of its
venerable President will not disperse without having
achieved some practical good, if only by collecting
facts and comparing opinions.

If anything could add to the absurdity and
impertinence of the conduct of
the
lthweFoln courseederalG of theovern-
ment at Washington during
American struggle, with respect to the vexed
nuexwedqlduebse-
tion of the neutrality of this country,
the recent revelations that have taken place in
Ireland. There is now no doubt that America was
the soil on which Fenianism flourished in the first
instance, and while the authorities were hurling
invective against our unfriendly conduct, and
assuming a menacing attitude because of our in-
difference,
they were allowing the growth and pro-
gregfi of a_ conspiracy which, if not dangerous, was

at all events of a serious nature. It is evident,
from the discoveries that have been made,
that there was no lack of aid and sympathy afforded
to their undertaking beyond the Atlantic. This
inference:is not drawn from hearsay, but from posi-
tive facts. For, during the time in which a strict
surveillance has been made, considerable sums have
been intercepted that were sent from America, and
it has been ascertained that many adherents to the
cause are in the ranks of the army of the United
States. It is not of course to be supposed that all
or any of the malevolent designs of these aspirants
could possibly, under any circumstances, have been
attended with danger to existing institutions,
but at the same time the subject is worthy
of consideration. The manner in which some
of the Yankees amuse themselves in crying
out against everything English has long been a
matter of comment among all judges of the matter,
but we were not exactly prepared for their becom-
ing active agents in fomenting disloyalty and
disaffection. It is some time now since anything
of a treasonable nature occurred in Ireland, and it
is certainly no credit to the Americans that, slight
as it may be, it should have originated with them.
They may now, perhaps, be more moderate in
their demands as to compensation for losses oc-
casioned during the war, and such-like absur-
dities, with which their press was so rife
a short time since. Perhaps it is as well, in one
sense, that the discovery of these unkind inten-
tions on the part of some of the American sub-
jects should have been delayed until the comple-
tion of the American struggle has allowed more
time for its contemplation by some of those sapient
judges who have here so freely criticised our
management, and the conduct of our Govern-
ment, under difficult circumstances of a peculiar
character.

Earl Russell's Visit to Ireland.

DUBLIN, Tuesday.

The Right Hon. the Secretary for Foreign Affairs
has been amongst us for the past few days. His
lordship is staying at one of the Kingstown hotels,
but during his brief visit he has been the guest of
the Duke of Leinster and also of Lord Wodehouse.
Last evening he took part in the ceremonial of
announcing the awards made by the several juries
in our Industrial Exhibition. The occasion was, of
course, availed of for the delivery of several speeches.
Amongst the speakers were Earl Russell, Lord
Houghton, and Sir Robert Peel. As your readers
may be anxious to hear Earl Russell's opinion on
our International Exposition, I append it in full.
His lordship, who was warmly applauded on rising,
said—

If in order to be entitled to your thanks it were necessary
to have any scientific knowledge of the beautiful objects
that have been displayed in this Exhibition, I certainly
should be one of the last who were entitled to those thanks.
And although the Lord Mayor has been pleased to say that,
by the letters which I wrote to foreign courts, I promoted and
facilitated the objects of the Exhibition, I have to say that
that was no more than the simple duty of a member of the
Government which takes a hearty interest in the welfare and
prosperity of Ireland. But in another sense I may perhaps
not inappropriately appear on this occasion, as I can tell
you how delighted her Majesty will be—taking an interest
in every exhibition of this sort, as it is natural that her
Majesty should do—at hearing of the complete success of
this Exhibition. (Cheers.) And of that complete success
I believe there is but one unanimous voice, not only
throughout Ireland, but on the part of every person from
foreign countries who has had the pleasure of visiting
this Exhibition. (Hear, hear.) And now, after fourteen
years' experience, we can see how much these exhibitions
tend to excite industry, to foster what we may call a com-
petitive examination of the products and of the manufac-
tures of different countries, and how much they tend to
improve the taste, which, if it is lagging behind in ono
country, may see by comparison with other countries in
what point they failed, and are thereby greatly facilitated
in their course. In that respect there is no Exhibition, I
believe, that can surpass the present. At least lam sure,
from the specimens I have seen of the sculpture andpaint-
lug which adorn the walls of this Exhibition, that it is
one highly to the credit of those who have exhibited,
and highly to the satisfaction of all who take an in-
terest in the of Industry and In the progress
of art. With regard to the success of the Ex-
hibition I will make but two observations. The one is,
that it is necessary, for the success of such exhibitions,
that nations should be at peace with one another. (Cheers.)
In those times, now happily 50 years removed, when all the
nations of Europe were in arms to combat against each
other, it would have been folly, and worse than folly, to
have proposed any exhibition in which the various nations
should exhibit the works of industry and manufacture, the
produce of different countries, and, above all, the works of
the fine arts. Another observation I must make is, that it
is likewise requisite, for the success of these peaceful arts,
that internal tranquillity should be maintained. (Hear,
hear.) It would be quite impossible that men should devote
themselves to industrial pursuits, that they should culti-
vate and pursue those inventions which distinguish our
age, those marvellous productions by which we are en-
abled to go so quickly over the whole space of the conti-
nent, and to convey our thoughts in a minute some 3,000
or 4,000 miles distant—l say it would be impossible that
such arts, such inventions, such discoveries should be made
unless those who made them could be secured that they
would enjoy the fruits of their industry, and could rest in
peace that what they were enabled to do would be secured
to them, and that they could enjoy it. I beg only to say
further, that I am sure, by making progress in these arts,
you will promote the welfare of the country, and give satis-
faction to all who desire the success of such undertakings.
(Applause.)

DEATH OF MR. DUDLEY COSTELLo.—Literature
has sustained a loss in the death of Mr. Dudley Cos-
tello, who died at his residence at St. John's-wood, on
Saturday last, in the 63d year of his age. Though origi-
nally intended for a military profession, he soon showed an
inclination for a literary life, and followed that vocation to
his death, manifesting considerable industry and versatility
in his writings. We take the following nctice of the prin-
cipal events in his career from the new edition of " Men
of the Time," which has just been issued :—" Mr. Costello
was the son of an English officer of the line. He was edu-
cated for the army at Sandhurst, and, obtaining a commis-
sion, served with his regiment and on the staff in North
America and the West Indies. Having relinquished the
army, he turned his attention to literature, pursued his
studies on the Continent for some years, and, while in Paris
(1829-31), was associated with the labours of the icthyolo-
gical department of the Regne Animal,' under Baron
Cuvier. Returning to London in 1833, he became succes-
sively foreign editor of the Morning Herald (1838), and
Daily News (1846). Besides a volume of travels, A Tour
through the Valley of the Meuse' (1845)—Mr. Costello has
produced the following works of fiction Stories from a
Screen' (1855); The Joint-stock Banker' (1856) ; The
Millionaire' (1858) ; ' Faint Heart never won Fair Lady'
(1859) ; and Holidays with Hobgoblins ' (1860), repub-
lished from Bentley's Miscellany, the New Monthly Magazine,
and Household Words. He has also been connected with
the Examiner newspaper since 1845, and for 30 years has
contributed to many of the periodicals of the day. Mr.
Costello's latest separate publication is from the
Alps to the Tiber,' an illustrated work in two volumes."
To this we may add that Mr. Costello was a few years ago
placed on the pension list, with a pension of £lOO a year,
on account of his literary ability.

SUDDEN DEATH IN A FIELD.—On Monday after-
noon the body of a labouring man was discovered in
a field at West-end-lane, Hampstead. Deceased had been
at work during the former part of the day in a brickfield
near the Finchley-road, and was discovered to be dead by
a fellow workman. It is curious to notice how little men
of this class know of each other, in this case not even the
name of deceased being known. The following description
may possibly lead to his identification. He is apparently
about 40 years of age, five feet nine inches in height, dark
complexion, black hair, three teeth deficient in the upper
jaw, and one in the lower, and was dressed in a brown-
tweed coat, ditto vest, light cord trousers, one Blucher and
one Wellington boot, and brown check cap.
FATAL AFFRAY BETWEEN Two BROTIIERS. —On
Saturday night a quarrel took place at Norwich
between two brothers named William and George Watson,
which resulted in the death of the latter. The men, who
are in humble life, were at the Plasterers' Arms public-
house, and a dispute arose between them, George Watson,
the deceased, strike his brother two or three times in the
face. William Watson then took up a small piece of iron
and struck his brother a blow over the left eye, which
knocked him down. The landlord and some other people
who wore in the house brought some water and washed
the injured man's face, and he was carried to his mother's
house and laid outside the door. At 4 o'clock on Sunday
morning he was still found lying on the door step, and he
was then carried in, undressed, and put to bed, but at 10
o'clock on Sunday morning ho died, having never rallied.
William Watson was taken into custody on Monday, and
was
deceasedbrought w
beforeae4
itahregelr d moreandocaaulmagistrapotowerfulm
remanded.nathan
The
his brother,

MEN OF THE TIME.

New Edition, Just Published by Routledge:
As an oak appears when compared with an acorn,
so looks this new edition of Men of the Time "
when contrasted with the first issue of the
same book, but a very few years back, at
the time of its original appearance. It has
gradually expanded to its present bulk through we
don't know how many editions. But the contrast
presented to view by the work, as it was and as it is,
becomes, of course, the most strikingly manifest
upon our placing in immediate juxtaposition, the
first issue of it by Bogue and the last issue of
it by Routledge. It would hardly be an extra-
vagance to say that in that first issue of it
the omissions were far more numerous than
the contents. Here, however, in this latest
and amplest reissue of the compilation—in by far
the handsomest form, by the way, in which it has
ever yet made its appearance—it would hardly be
an extravagance to assert that the omissions are
barely anywhere discoverable. In place of the small
red volume of two or three hundred pages—dis-
appointing to the last degree at almost every
turn of the leaf—we have now, in Men of the
Time, a very substantial volume indeed, ex-
tended to as many as 860 double-columned
pages, strongly half-bound in maroon coloured
cloth and leather, and comprising within it
—Thoroughly Revised and Brought Down to the
Present Time—Biographical Notices of Eminent
Living Characters of both Sexes—beginning (this
most comprehensive of contemporary Biographical
Dictionaries) with such a man as the Emir Abd-el-
Kader, and ending with such another man as the
Count Zamoyski. As a table-book for perpetual
reference the value of the work is hardly to be
estimated. Not a newspaper-reader in the land
but would be rejoiced to possess it. And, once
consulted, the book becomes a sort of necessity.
The publishers have evidently bestowed unusual
pains upon it, in every way. Cela va sans
dire, of course, in regard to the mere getting-up of
the volume, such as in reference, for example, to the
mere quality of the paper, or to the general excel-
lence of the typography. What we refer to more
especially, when we speak of the pains bestowed by
them upon the compilation, is the care manifested,
at every turn of the leaf, in the obvious endeavour
there has been throughout to secure to the work, as
far as might be in any way practicable, the two
great merits of Accuracy and Completeness. The diffi-
culty there is in bringing the contents of a volume of
this particular character fully up to a level with the
date of publication, arises clearly from the circum-
stance that the materials of the work, so to speak,
are in constant movement and fluctuation. Else-
where in our impression of this day, will be found
distinct evidence of what we are here speaking of
in the case of one among the " Men of the Time,"
who has within the last few hours breathed his
last, and who has therefore become, as it were,
already, in this newly-published volume, a sort of
anachronism. We allude to Mr. Dudley Costello,
but just now deceased, at St. John's Wood. But,
even that is an instance, alas ! in no way isolated or
even exceptional. While this New Edition has been
passing through the press—how many others of these
Men of the Time have, in the same way as Mr.
Dudley Costello, become, as we have just now ex-
pressed it, anachronisms ? Take but a few of them
by way of illustration—Sam Slick, otherwise Jus-
tice Haliburton—the Champion of England, Sir
Henry Dymoke—Admiral Fitzroy, the Meteoro-
logist—Professor Aytoun, poet, critic, humorist,
novelist, all in one—the brave old soldier, Sir George
Brown—the accomplished statesman, the Earl of.
Carlisle—Sir William Hamilton, the famous philo-
sopher—President Lincoln and the Due de Morny
—Marshal Magnan and Viscount Combormere.
There is Mr. Cobden, too, and there is Sir Joseph
Paxton—to say nothing of others—whose names are
here entered, as among living men of eminence, but
whose lives are already ended before the Messrs.
Routledges' great Contemporary Biographical
Dictionary can be completely passed through
the press and ready for publication ! It is
with the compilers of such a publication as this, as it
is with the Photographers of a Great Living Multi-
tude. However rapid their manipulation—while the
lens is uncovered—sonic individuals amongst that
great living multitudo pro ..rtain to h
_ay° mnved—
before the process requisite to be gone through in
fixing them upon the camera, can by possibility be
completed. Here and there, consequently, the
otherwise all but perfect effect of the whole
is perforce and quite unavoidably marred
or blurred, so to express it, by some casual
flaw or blot. Anyone who has seen Mr. Herbert
Watkins' wonderful photograph of the Grand
Stand and Race Course upon the last Derby Day, a
few seconds before the race was run, will recognise
the force and aptness of our illustration, as applied
to this kindred achievement of another art—this, as
far as possible, instantaneous portraiture en
masse of the Men of the Time. Here and
there—as in the photograph a figure has
moved—there is a blurr ! But that it is so, is
just simply and absolutely unavoidable. No fault
obviously resting, in either instance, hero with the
photographic artist, or here, again, with the bio-
graphical compiler. As skilfully as so difficult a
task can be accomplished, it has, in each instance,
been accomplished. The Photograph is a marvel of
ingenuity, and so is the Biographical Dictionary.
One distinguishing feature of this new edition of
Men of the Time ought here especially to be notified,
being an improvement, as it appears to us, of espe-
cial and exceptional importance. We allude to the
Classified Index prefixed to the volume—showing at
a glance, in so many clusters or groups, Actors,
Agriculturtsts, Authors, Architects, and so forth.
We will give one of these clusters or groups from
the Classified Index by way of illustration, selecting
one that, from its very nature, must obviously be
one of the very briefest :

POETS.

Alexandri, Basile
Allingham, William
Andersen, Hans Christian 16
Arnold, Mathew 25
Atherston, Edwin 27
Angier, G. V. E 29
Aytoun, William
Bailey, Philip James 37
Barnes, Rev. W 47
Bennett, W. C 37
Boettcher, Adolf B6
Browne, C. T 118
Browne, Frances ll9
Browning, Robert 120
Bryant, W. C 123
Cook, Eliza 196
Craig, Isa 2131
Dobell, Sydney 249
Dublin, Archbishop of 254
Dupont, Pierre . 293
Freiligrath, Ferdinand 323
Guell-y-Rente, Jose 378
Hallack, Fitzgreene 387
Harris, Rev. T 'L 396
Heraud, John 411
Hervey, Mrs. T. K. 414
Hoffman, Heinrich 424
Horne, R. H. 433
Hugo, Victor 441
Ingelow, Jean 449
Altogether the work ref
upon the distinguished pub
emanates—and it is certai
and enduring popularity, 1
tion both in England and

Ingemann, Bernard 449
Keble, Rev. John 475
Kennedy, C. R 479
Kent, Charles 855
Kingsley, Rev. Charles 483
Kobell, Franz Von 488
Kynaston, Rev. Herbert 491
Lamartino, Alphonse de 495
Longfellow, Henry W 530
Lover, Samuel 534
Lowell, James 535
Lytton, Sir Ewd. Bulwer 540
Lytton, Robert Bulwer 544
Macarthy, Denis Florences43
Mackay, Dr. Charles 552
Manzoni, Alessandro 567
Martin, Theodore 572
Massey, Gerald 575
Very, Joseph 589
Norton, Hon. Mrs 627
Patmore, Coventry 648
Plummer, John 665
Procter, Br) an Waller 674
Reade, John Edmund 685
Smith, Alexander 749
Swain, Charles 774
Taylor, Henry 779
Tennyson, Alfred 782
Townshend, Chauncy 794

Elects the highest honour
blishing firm from which it
in to have not only a wide
but an immense circula-
-1 Ameriea.

A miser, aged 81, has just died at Gaudenzdorf,
near Vienna, in possession of a fortune of nearly two mil-
lion francs, the whole of which he has left by will to the
Pope. lie had for many years lived on a life annuity of
1,000 f., of which he contrived to put by a third. Tho only
condition contained in the bequest is that the Popo shall
pray personally for the soul of the donor.

It is now admitted that 10,000 soldiers will be
requited to protect the overland mail and telegraph route
from New York to California at a cost of $10,000,000 per
annum.—Panama paper.
The Earl of Carisfort, Lady Isabella Proby,
Lady Elizabeth Wills, and Lady Theodora Bailey have
arrived at Farrance's Hotel, from Elton Hall, near Oundle.
SHERIFFSHIP OF MID-LOTHIAN.—The office of
sheriff of Mid-Lothian, vacant by the death of Mr. John
Thomson Gordon, will, we understand, bo filled by the
appointment of Mr. Archibald Davidson, at present sheriff
of Abordeenshire.—Scotsman.

MIRACULOUS ESCAPE.—On Friday a lad fell
down the shaft of the Galmpton iron mine, in Devon, a
distance of more than 60 feet, and escaped with one or two
alight bruises.

FATAL COLLISION AT SEA.—A Devonshire fish-
ing sloop has arrived at Brigham with tho shipwrecked
crew of the brig Aboona, of Lynn, the brig having sunk
in the Channel from being in collision, with a bark, name
unlinoWu.