The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-28 00:00:00

THE SUN, LON3OII, THURSDAY Ev'ENTINI, AUGUST 28, 1862.

not made lay hand. One of the first things you
perceive is that the workman's hand never touches
the bread: The flour is shot from the sack
into the large globe where it is mechanically made
into dough, from thence it is forced by the pressure
of the d6ndensed air within ; it is received into
mouldsi as it slowly issues forth, cut off when the
mould is filled, and the exact weight requisite
adjusted with a suitable knife and fork. It is
then ready for the oven, and from beginning to
end the possibility of anything unpleasant is abso-
lutely precluded. Were the workmen not neat in
their habits, they must put themselves out of the
way to soil, or in any way pollute the bread ; and
as to cobwebs, dust, or beetles, if there, it is hard
to see how they could get into it.
This alone. is worth something, worth a great
deal too, if our readers' stomachs are at all like our
own ; nor IN ill we suppose them indifferent to the
life and health of those who manufacture their
food—but the process must be a food-saving one.
We must not suppose, we fear, that the majority
of readers have even an elementary knowledge of
chemistry, but they will all understand that the
lightness of bread is entirely due to air bubbles.
To produce these with certainty and without
deteriorating the flour, or introducing undesirable
compounds into the bread, is the object. Most
baking powders, for instance, do the latter.
To generate air within the dough with
which , they are mixed, carbonates are
decomposed, leaving some neutral salt which
we were better without. The common pro-
cesses of fermentation by yeast or leaven,
which are substantially the same, also generate
carbonic acid gas, but they do so by a partial
destruction—indeed, corruption of the flour. They
thus create a real impurity. So well was this
known to even early antiquity, that leaven was
the symbol of impurity, and is regarded as such
by the Jews to this day. Every one is familiar
with the-smell of fermented bread long kept in
closed vessels, which is entirely due to the cor-
ruption of the particles of flour in fermentation.
The aerated bread which we have kept several
days is, hoWever, as sweet to the smell as on the
day it earner from the oven.
This is due to the bubbles of carbonic acid gas,
generated in the bread by the other processes,
being by that of Dr. DAUGLISH mechanically
forced into ••it. The dough is made mechanically
in the large globe, with water impregnated
strongly with the gas, and under a very heavy
pressure of the gas itself within the globe.
Kneaded under these conditions the gas
permeates every part, and when the doughis ex-
truded from the globe by the pressure of the gas,
and the bread has been baked, a loaf is produced
of unsurpassable and equable lightness. But the
great merit is, that the lightness has not been
purchased either by introducing any unde-
sirable " drug," as it would be called,
into the bread, or by injuring the nutritive
quality of a great part of the flour. The
mechanical arrangements which were minutely
explained to us, are very ingenious. They have
been simplified already, but the tendency of all
inventions is to simplification, and though not
complex now, we should not be surprised to see
them, in time, become simplicity itself. Two
things they unquestionably effect—they aerate our
bread without injuring it—and they place it in the
oven without soiling it.
All that we have seen does but confirm our opi-
nion, that Dr. DAUGLISH has succeeded in an ob-
ject of national utility. There is, we think, every
reason to believe that he bas made his invention com-
mercially valuable, as well as theoretically perfect.
We understand that experience so far establishes this
point, and it is difficult to see how it should be
otherwise. The expenses for everything—for work-
man's time especially, also for fuel, and of aeration
by mechanical means, as compared with aeration by
yeast—are all reduced. Of course there is the ex-
pense of the machinery; but the interest of the
money expended on that can never approach the
cost ,of the, workman's health - destroying labour
under the old,s,yetem. We do not know of a single
fact ,thioh; to our minds, creates even a suspicion
that, looked at in itself, the system will not prove
even highly remunerative at the prices charged by
other bakers.

As to the quality of the bread and its acceptable-
ness to the public, every individual can easily
judge for himself. Islington Green is in a part of
the Metropolis sufficiently accessible. Speaking
from actual trial; we cannot conceive how any one
who can 'easily procure it, would submit to use
again the Ordinary baker's bread. A correspondent
in a contemporary, G. A. M., points out indeed
that -the English taste for bread has been perverted,
and requires education. This is true, no doubt, to
a large extent; but Dr. DAUGLISH is able without
difficulty, and without serious injury to his loaf, to
produce itiose flavours which habit has taught many
to prefer in bread: This however, is hardly to be
recommended. When persons understand that
they have more nutriment for their money, when
the whiteness is beautiful, and the taste such as we
should think the' great majority must prefer, and
when it will keep for days we know, for how much
longer we -cannot tell, as sweet and pleasant as at
first—it is impossible that the demand should not
become very extensive. To the really labouring man
the question is a serious one. His muscular strength
is his sonrceof livelihood, and his strength depends
on the' nutriment it receives. Dr. LETHEBY has well
pointed out the enormous and cruel frauds practised
on the working man's strength by the deterioration of
his flanrAnd his bread. Dr. DAUGLISH unquestion-
ably gives him all the nutriment his flour contains.
We are informed that so practical is this result, that
working men,tafter their families have lived on the
bread a shorttime, and overcome the first induce-
ment to eat largely of a new and pleasant article
of food, actually have used one loaf less in five or
six, finding themselves equally satisfied, and
nourished, by the smaller quantity of so much
higher quality. • We have never had more pleasure
in calling publin attention to what we think a truly

Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston left their
residence in Piccadilly yesterday for Melbourne Hall, Der,
by shire.

Lord and Lady Rendlesham have left Seamere-
place, Mayfair, for Rendlesham Hall, Suffolk.
MARRIAGE OF VISCOUNT HOLMESDALE, M.P.—
Yesterday the marriage of Viscount Holmesdale, M.P.,
eldest son of the Earl Amherst, and Lady Julia Mann
Cornwallis, only child of James, fifth Earl Cornwallis, and
heiress of Linton-place, was celebrated at the villagi3 of
Linton, near Maidstone. A large circle of the relatives and
friends of bosh families were present, among whom were
the Earl and Countess Amherst and Ladies Amherst, .Lord
Hotbam, M.P., the Earl of Brecknock and Lady Augusta
Pratt, Lady Sarah Williams and Miss Hay Williams, Hon.
Mr. and Lady Mary Egerton, Captain the Hon. Windsor
&c. The park entrances and church porch were
gaily decorated with flags and evergreens, and a crowd
from the neighbourhood had assembled in the village, The
marriage service was read by the Rev. Thomas Gamier
Carter, the vicar. The bride was given away by Mr. C.
Wykeham Martin, her guardian. Captain the Hon. George
H. Windor Clive, M.P., acted as Viscount Holmesdale's
best man. The newly-married couple left for Montreal,
the Earl Amherst's seat, near Sevenoaks, to pass the
honeymoon.

ADMIRAL FITZROY ANTICIPATED.—A singular
fact on the subject of electricity is mentioned by Bian-
chini. There had existed from time immemorial in one of
the bastions of the Castle of Cuino, situated in the Frione,
on the banks of the Adriatic, a pointed iron rod, standing in
a vertical position. In summer, when the weather had the
appearance of being stormy, the soldier who mounted guard
in this bastion examined the iron rod, and presented to it
the point of an iron halbert, which was always ready for this
purpose, and whenever he perceived that the iron rod gave
sparks, or displayed a small gerb of fire at its point, he rang
a bell, to give notice to the country people who were work-
ing in the fields, or to the fishermen who were at sea, that
stormy weather was approaching. This custom was of
great antiquity, and is mentioned by Imperati, in a letter
dated 1602.

THE SUCCESSION TAX.—The Inland Revenue
returns do not state the amount of the succession tax, but
they show that in 1852, the year before it was imposed, the
legacy duty produced £1,380,335, and last year the legacy
duty and succession tax together produced £2,277,724, be-
ing 65 per cent. more than the legacy duty of 1852. But
part of this is due to the natural increase of the produce of
the legacy duty. The probate and administration duty,
which was £1,419,166 last year, has increased £283,854
since 1852.

The remains of the Republican General Pichegru,
who committed suicide in the prison of the temple in 1804,
and was buried in the cemetery at Clamart, then appropri-
ated to the interment of executed criminals, have this week
been exhumed, at the instance of one of his relatives, and
conveyed to the burial-place of his family, at Arbois (Jura).
Although buried without a coffin, and merely wrapped in
a shroud of coarse canvas, the skeleton was well preserved,
and the hair, which was platted in three long tresses—the
military coiffure of the day, still retained its colour, and
adhered to the skull.

LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, Aug. 27.—The
cotton market has been extremely excited to day, and the
sales reach fully 30,000 bales; 25,000 on speculation and
for export. Prices of American, Brazil, and Egyptian are
Id. to 12d per lb., and Surats id. to Id. per lb. higher than
yesterday's rates.
BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, Aug. 27.—With a
very small supply of West India sugars offering the sales
are necessarily small, but for the quantity sold very full
prices have been paid. A considerable business has been
done in floating cargoes of foreign sugars at somewhat
higher rates. Rum—Nothing doing.

A SCOTCH VISIT TO THE INTERNATIONAL EXHI-
BITION.—Last week a Scotchman resident in Liverpool paid
a visit to the Great Exhibition. His trip is worthy of re-
cord, seeing that it surpasses anything of the kind we ever
remember on the score of cheapness. Our Scotch excur-
sionist left Liverpool on Monday night, at a quarter-past 11
o'clock, reaching the metropolis at 6 on the following morn-
ing. After a walk of 10 miles, during which the traveller
inspected Regent's Park and some of the other places of
interest, he visited the Exhibition. He remained four hours
in the Exhibition, and on leaving at a quarter-past 4 in the
afternoon, proceeded direct to the i ailway station, starting
at 5 upon his journey to Liverpool, where he arrived at 11
the same night. All he spent in London was one shilling,
being the admission to the Exhibition, and three draughts
of water constituted his only refreshment during the day.
His recollection of the Exhibition appears to have been
somewhat imperfect, for he could only tell his friends one
thing he had seen, and that was the milking machine.
Whether the trip of the Scottish excursionist was plea-
surable or otherwise, it is certainly noticeable as having
been conducted with unparalleled economy.—Liverpool

Mercury,
A NOVELTY IN THE NEW WORLD.—We have

been accustomed in America to our satires about English
taxation, but a walk up Broadway reminds us that we are
now quite as much taxed as our " down trodden" cousins in
Europe. A tax gatherer's promenade n Broadway is by no
means unsuggestive. Leaving Bowling• green, he sees seve-
ral taxed hotels which pay licences of at least 100 dole. The
bonded warehouse, a few steps further, reminds us that 50c.
duty is paid for the entry into or withdrawal therefrom of

any goods. The splendid stores of the wholesale dealers are
each worth 50 dols. a-year to Uncle Sam. Every clerk stand-
ing in the doorway of these stores must peg 3 per cent, of
his income ever 600 dols. At the express office you observe
that for every receipt for goods to be transmitted there is a
charge of from lc. to sc. That portly stockbroker turning
out of Wall-street is worth 50 dols, a year to his Govern-
ment in licences, while that carriage and horse driving up
near the corner represent another 4 dols. As he goes past
the nest of lawyers at Trinity-buildings it is a satisfaction
to the tax gatherer to know that each of them has to pay a
licence of 10 dols. Ile glances into the auctioneers' stores,
and complacently remembers that every one must contri-
bute 10 dols. to the Government, The druggist, where he
stops for soda water, has to pay his share, and on the eat-
ing-house where he takes a nibble there is a similar claim.
If he passes a newspaper office he reflects that for every ad-
vertisement the proprietor pays 3 per cent. on the gross
receipts. Every physician whose little tin sign he may see
on his route, must disgorge 10 dols. The cigars smoked
along the streets are taxed accordingly to their value. If
it rains and he puts up an umbrella, he need not pay for the
privilege unless it is a silk umbrella, in which case
he must pay 5 per cent. of its value ; consequently, cotton
umbrellas will be in active demand. The theatres, whole-
sale sad retail stores, and the incomes derived from every
building on your Broadway route are taxed. People's
clothes and what they eat are taxed. The glass they look
through and the gas they see by are taxed. If we wish to
slaughter hop and sheep for our own consumption, Uncle
Sam permits us to hang ourselves for nothing, as hemp is
taxed 3 per cent. If we wish to leave the city and go to
New Jersey, we can do so freely; but if we prefer other
climes, and think of Europe, we must pay 3 dols. for the
passport and a dollar tax for the privilege of buying a pas-
sage ticket.—. New York Evening Post.
THE DARK COURT IN THE GREAT EXHIBITION.—
What a mystical and becoming light is over all the objects
contained in that court! It is dark, not because the light
cannot get to that part of the building, tut b'ecause the light

has been wilfully shut out—just aq the designs are quaint

and uncouth, not because the designer could not make diem
otherwise, but because he wilfully drew a curtain over his
brains. The white neckcloths and the spectacles gleam in
that obscure court, like meteors. They were better out of
it. It is not helping the ecclesiastical cause to ally it with
darkness and with obsolete modes of expression, as if it
had no part with the age, and as if modern light and
modern knowledge and modern ways of thought must
be banished before Church matters can be discussed
at all. This is the loose screw here. Many of the
designs are pretty and elegant, but they are all tainted with
affectaticn and dilettanteisrn—bad things to mix up with

anything, but very very bad things to mix up with religion.
How tired one gets of the altar-cloths and fald-stools, the
trefoils and fleurs-de-lis, and all the rest of this church up-
holstery : What a thing to have opinions which cannot be
held comfortably unless their iSroprictorhas a sofa to match.
Such a sofa as that in one of the corners of this court,
straight and angular, and stuffed, possibly, with discarded
horse-hair shirts, It is pleasant, by the way, to observe

that medimval tendencies are not inconsistent with an ap-
rreciation of the creature comforts ; for, hard by this same
angular sofa, with decorations looking, like bars of music,
are a couple of uncompromising spirit-stands, with bottles
of very comfortable dimensions duly labelled. It almost re-

conciles one to this absurd court, to sea gleaming in the
corner among all sorts of strange and uncouth matters, the
prosaic word " Kum."— Dickens's " A:1 the Year Round."

CRICKET.-SURREY V, ALL ENGLAND.—Yester-

day morning this match was resumed on the Surrey
Ground, Kennington-oval. The difference of the previous
evening was left as a "bygone," and the Surrey eleven con-
tinued their innings, G. Street taking the place of John
Lillywhite as umpire. Mr. Burbidge and Mortlock were
the "not outs," and went on with their innings. Mr.
Burbidge marked 20 when he was "c. and b. Willsber."
who started bowling with Mr. V. E. Walker. In Mr. Bur-
bidge's 20 were a four, a three, and two twos; two wickets
and 41 rues. Caffyn came next, and scored 23, including a
five (drive), three fours, and a three; " c. b. Walisher"
again ; three wickets and 67 tuns. Jackson took the ball
from Mr. V. E. Walker, and the next stand was made by
Griffith, who scored 11, The fourth wicket fell for 67,
figi for 74, sixth for 75. seventh and eighth for 92, ninth
and tenth for 102-401 in a minority. Surrey, according
to "cricket law" was of course put in against the runs that
were to be rubbed off—that is, they soon after went in for
their second innings. There was no chalice for Surrey
winning the match by runs, but they were determined not
to lose it by time, and the defence made was admirable, till
the drawing up the stumps. " Time" was called at half-
past 6, and this extraordinary match, which will long be re-
membered in the annals of cricket, was left drawn, Surrey
having six wickets down for 154. Throughout the match
the cricket waslperfeetion on both sides,but Surrey, although
strong enough to play most county competitors—and they
play extraordinary matches sometimes, and sometimes win
them—in this were over-plat

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA,

"DINORAII."

The commencement of a season is often like that
of a battle, in which the force on one side, has
gradually to deploy into position before the attack
can begin. The opening nights of our National
Opera seem to sustain this analogy. There were
three several movements necessary to bring on the
ground, the various " contingents," so to speak,
which form this powerful company. We need not
carry the image further than to add that the good
generalship so long displayed by the management
is a sufficient guarantee of the way their force
will be " handled" and their victory won. We
have duly chronicled the good impression produced
by their opening performance. Nothing could b
wiser than its presentment of the crowning success
of the past season, which was so certain to
be received as a tolerable pledge of that of
the present. The "Lilly of Killarney" brought
before us Miss Pyne in a character highly adapted
to exhibit some of those qualities of mind and voice,
which, it is perfectly needless to say, she enjoys
without rivalry. It is the great distinction of this
lady that she can assume with equal ease the
directly opposite traits of a peasant or princess.
She can display all the naturalness and frankness
of the one, and the thoroughly graceful refinement
and dignity of the other. We have often seen in
our time this combination attempted; but we can
remember no other instance in which we have
known it so realised. And in harmony with this
dramatic is her vocal capacity, which ranges from
the truest utterance of the simplest and tenderest
ballad to the most perfect expression of the most
brilliant bravura. Even in a purely ph3sical re-
spect she can claim a distinction, for we have
had no voice in our time which has combined
in the same degree the ordinarily opposite
qualities of flexibility and sweetness. Ei!y
O'Connor brings into play just one half of her
powers—the simple, trustful, tender girl—the true
young Irish peasant—whose whole being, like her
climate, seems made up of sunshine and moisture,
could find no where an exponent more expressive
than herself, in her power to mingle smiles and
tears, whether in look or in utterance. Thus her
acting and singing were equally perfect. Quite as
much praise extends to the peasant Miles, of Mr.
Harrison, which testifies nit more to the usual
range of his conceptions, than to their vigour and
truth. In a dramatic respect it is an effort
almost unique, for it not only gives us all the
humour and simple ease of an Irishman, but mingles
with them his tenderness—a quality in which its
actors are usually sadly deficient—not omitting, we
are compelled to say, the renowned Mr. Boucicault
—and his vocal claims in this character are on a
par with his dramatic. " The Lilly of Killarney "
also gives us again Mr_ Santley—whose recent
and striking development, both in singing and
acting, has been a gratification to the public equally
sincere and surprising. In the rugged ardour of
Danny Mann, with its mingled devotion and re-
morse, Mr. Santley displayed an excellence that
could scarcely be surpassed.

The " Rose of Castille," on Tuesday evening,
further deployed the strength of the company.
Here we had Miss Payne in her opposite phase of i
the youthful Queen, refined and dignified, in union
with her happy assumption of the mirthful Spanish
peasant. Here we had Mr. Harrison in one of his
manliest and most genial impersonations—his noble
Muleteer—here we had Mr, Weiss in his original
character, after an absence of four seasons—
who returns to complete the company with the
finest bass the stage possesses—and here we had Mr.
Rouse instead of Mr. Honey, a very good comedian
whosa vocal merit, we believe, will prove to be on a
par with his dramatic. The execution of this plea-
sant opera, one of Mr. Balfe's chef d'oicvres, had all
the freshness of its first performance. Miss Pyne's
brilliancy was as great as ever, and just as strik-
ingly contrasted with the exquisite simplicity and
tenderness of her delightful " Convent Cell." Mr,
Harrison delivered his muleteer song with all his
accustomed vigour; whilst Mr. Weiss poured into
his principal ballad—" The Future darkly
o'er me frowns"—a depth of feeling which
procured for it a very genuine encore. His noble
voice and artistic spirit were never heard to more
advantage. A Mr. and Mrs. Aynsley Cook were
also successful additions—in the character of the
Innkeeper and the Duchess.

Last evening the opera of " Dinorah" completed
the array of the company's forces. Mr. Santley in
resuming Hoel gave still more decisive evidence of
the substantial ripening of his powers. Whilst his
acting may now be placed on a direct level with Mocs.
Faure's, his singing—thanks to his superior voice
—if not his superior taste and feeling, is even more
acceptable. His great aria in the first act and the
exquisite solo of the last—the burst of remorse and
passion over the lireless form of Dinorah—presented
evidences upon this point that were not to be dis-
puted. Mr. Harrison resumed also his admirable
assumption of Corentin, a piece of comedy so
genuine in its mingled naturalness and humour,
that it could not fail; to be attractive if wholly di-
vested of its music. The two novelties of the perfor-
mance lay in the Dinorah and the young Goatherd.
Madlle. Parepa, whose return to the company
with an improvement in some respects almost as
marked as Mr. Santley's, is an addition to ics
strength that will be generally acknowledged—
scarcely attempted, as it seemed, to develop the
dramatic aspect of the demented Breton maiden,
and so of course escaped comparison with her other
and illustrious rivals; but into its music she threw
all her force, and it is but justice to her to
say that her clear, pliant, and certain voice
combined with her admirable delivery, won
a success for her which was as marked as it was in
every way deserved. Her Shadow Song, especially,
had a freshness and facility that well entitled it to
the encore which she so engagingly complied with.
Almost as great a success, however, was that of
Madame Laura Baxter, in the minor character of
the young goatherd—to which is allotted but one
aria, the charming canzonetta " Fanciulle the it
core," but which Madame Baxter, despite her
nervousness, delivered with such taste and spirit,
and such a superb display of power, as to obtain also
a load encore, which she complied with in a manner
that still more strongly warranted the honour.
With her amount of gift and culture, her Loble voice
and her musical knowledge, Made. Bairtsisonght to
supply that desideratum on our lyric stage, which
has lasted since the days of Mrs. Alfred Shaw—a
true dramatic contralto. Of the merits of
the band under the direction of Mr. Mel-
lon—in all these performances we can have
no occasion to enlarge. It forms, as we
have already said, as great a distinction of this
house as does Mr. Costa's
of Covent Garden, and can-
not be heard without a sense of pride that so much
talent, so directed, has at length been brought into
the service and interpretation of a national opera.
The. house we have only to add has been quite full
on each occasion.

DRAUGHTING IN THE STATES.—Among the
many most interesting results of draughting in the United
States the most important to Canadians is the extraordinary
exodus across the lines which it has produced. Our towns
and villages, not only on the frontier, but inland, are
crowded with motleygroups of fugitives from the draught,
who intend to remain among us till after the 15th, when it
is supposed
they may
Treturn in safety. So great has been
the e,odus that the II ashington Government has been in-
duced ti issue an absurd and tyrannical order designed to
prevent the escape from the country of persons liable to be
draughted. The order is impolitic as well as unjust, be-
cause,
after all, the number of persons who can leave their
occupations and reside in a foreign country, even fora short
time, is not great, and it is only the most craven-hearted,
and incapable,
who are likely to have recourse to
such on expedient. Moreover, the duty of preventing their
escape must be excealingly difficult to perform upon so ex-
tensive a frontier as that between Canada and the United
States- The spectacle of a cordon of officers stationed along
the line to prevent the people of the United States from
running away to avoid the performance of their public duty
is surely one of the most ludicrous that can be conceived.
mid we no other evidence that Mr. Stanton is a man sin-
gularly wanting in sound judgment and common sense,„we
should find ample proof in this order—Toronto Globe.
Two young girlQ, minding sheep in the commune
of Lagrauliere (Cori eze), who had sought shelter under a
tree during a storm a few days back, were killed by light-
ning. Five sheep, a pig, a donkey, and a dog were also
deStroyed by the electric ituid4