The Sun.
London, England, 1865-08-19 00:00:00

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THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 19, 1865.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.—The fuller particulars of the voyage of
the Great Eastern confirm the conclusion forced
upon us by the telegraphic summary from Crook-
haven. Her attempt to lay the Atlantic Cable be-
tween Valentia and Newfoundland was indeed beset
with perils, but all of them would have been, as far
as man can judge, successfully overcome had the
machinery provided for hauling in the cable upon
the discovery of a fault been of sufficient strength.
From first to last, however, this machinery proved
defective. When the first failure of insulation was
detected, at a distance of 50 miles from Valentia,
and steps were taken to recover the cable which had
been paid out, it became apparent that the hauling
in apparatus was insufficient. The boiler of the
steam-engine which supplied the hauling-in power
could not keep up steam enough for the purpose,
and the hauling-in itself was feeble and intermittent.
On that occasion, however, and again when the se-
cond fault occurred, the cable was fortunately got
back up to the points where the faults lay,
but on the third loss of insulation the machinery
broke down entirely, - and the cable was broken. It
was in consequence of the absolute stoppage of the
steam-engine, and the consequent necessity that the
Great Eastern should almost hold on at the cable
itself, tbat the chafing took place at the bow which
occasioned the fracture. The subsequent efforts to
recover the lost end were admirable as examples of
perseverance and of skill in seamanship, but these
also failed from imperfect machinery. The hauling-
in engine was not strong enough for its work, and
the wire rope to which the grapnel was fastened was
not strong enough for the pressure upon it. It broke
again and again as it rose through the water, and
the weight upon it increased, until at last the fact
that the store of rope itself was expended sent the
Great Eastern back to our shores. The story of
the attempt of the Great Eastern to lap the second
cable is the story of a failure, but of a failure which
proves the possibility of success. When the first
fault was detected, on the 24th of July, after
84 miles of the cable had been laid, and the in..
sufficiency of the hauling-in apparatus became evi-
-1 dent, a feeling of profound gloom was not unnatu-
rally experienced on board the ship. It was found
that the cable could not on an average be drawn in
at a greater rate than a mile an hour, and sometimes
the operation had to be entirely suspended. The
electricians on board were, moreover, wholly un-
n an approximation to the distance able to agree upon
at which the fault lay from the ship. Under such
circumstances an immediate return might have been
excused ; but fortunately it was resolved to perse-
vere in the enterprise, for the after experience must
prove invaluable when the next attempt is made to
lay the cable. A bit of iron about the size of a
straw and two inches long was soon found sticking
on the cable, and the expedition proceeded in better
heart than ever. A second fault, due to a like cause,
and detected in the same way, was more discourag-
ing, for it presented the appearance of a. malicious
injury rather than of an accident, but this, too, was
cured, and precautions were taken to prevent any
third flaw of the same kind from being paid out un-
observed. Men were stationed to watch the cable
as it left the tank, and on the 2d of August they
heard a suspicious rasping noise, and signalled to the
men on deck. Unfortunutely the signalling was
imperfect, and the fault was paid out before the
machinery was stopped. The electrical tests showed
a slight loss of insulation, but it was so slight that
it was debated whether the paying out should be con-
tinued, and after some hesitation it was resolved to
take the prudent course of hauling in the cable. The
tedious operation which had twice been successfully
performed was commenced once more. The end of
the cable was carefully shifted from the stern to the
bow, and the great ship swung around so as to ride,
The
so to speak, to the cable. e drawing in of the
cable was begun, but the steam-engine completely
broke down. For some time the picking up ceased
altogether, and, to add to the misfortune, the ship
began to drift athwart the line of the cable, and to
forge against the portion hanging over the bow. Then
the cable got entangled in a hawse-pipe, and it was
necessary to free it by lowering a wire rope,
which was fastened to it in a bight below the
pipe. By this time the machinery was once
more in motion, and it was possible to pick up.
the cable again, but the delay had done its
worst. The ship had drifted out of the line of the
cable, the hauling-in was done askew, and it had
scarcely begun before the cable parted just inboard
of the bow and slipped in a moment overboard to
the bottom of the Atlantic. The Great Eastern was
then in 1,950 fathom soundings, and 1,180 miles of
cable had been paid out. The efforts to grapple and
bring up the cable which followed were efforts to
accomplish what men might well deem an impossi-
bility, and yet they were almost successful. Two
miles and a half of wire rope, with grapnels at the
end, and with swivels at every fifty fathoms of its
length to prevent its getting twisted, were lowered,
and the Great Eastern drifted slowly over the line
of the cable. After one or two false alarms the
strain on the dynamometer' on the morning of the
3d, showed that the cable had' been caught, and the
process of hauling up
recommenced. One half of
the rope had been recovered when a swivel broke.
The rope had been made to bear a strain of ten tons,
and the dynamometer never showed a greater ten-
si▪
on than four tons, but as one of the swivels rose
to the bow the bolt of it was fairly pulled through
the collar, and the half which was not drawn up sank
down to the cable. It had been shown, however, that
the cable could be
grappled, and it was determined
to repeat the attempt to get at it and haul it up.
But now a thick fog set in, and all that could be
done was to mark the place with a buoy. The
Sphinx had already been some time lost sight of,
and, as she never reappeared, she is supposed to
have quietly gone on with the sounding apparatus
to Newfoundland. The Terrible and the Great
Eastern parted company, and for two days the
latter dri▪ fted to the east. When the Terrible came
up to the buoy again she found it guarded by a
li▪ ttle schooner, the First Fruits, of Bridport,
the captain of which had hove to in spite of a fair
wind, thinking that the buoy must have something
to do with the cable. But the patriotism of the
skipper and all that skill and seamanship could do
on board the Great Eastern proved in vain. The
cable was grappled, indeed, unmistakably a:second
and a third time, but on each occasion a swivel on
the wire rope gave way, as it had before, and grap-
nels and miles of rope
were lost. The attempt to
fish up the cable was not finally abandoned until
the wire rope was wholly exhausted, and even an
ordinary
if
hawser had been fruitlessly passed into the
service. Even
perfect machinery were at hand,
it would now, we fear, be too late to lay the Atlan-
tic Telegraph this year, though sanguine spirits may
remind us that after the equinoctial gales are past
the month of October is often calm, and further
delay must cause the total loss of the portion of the
cable whic• h has been paid out. But it is evident
that before a lost end can be recovered, the hauling-
in machinery of the Great Eastern must be reno-
vated, and wire ropes must be manufactured stronger
than those carried on the last voyage, if not of a
strength hitherto unknown. The experience of the
voyage shows, however, not only that a cable can
be laid, but that if broken it can be grappled for
and caught, and therefore can be recovered. So far
it is full of encouragement for the future. There is
no casualty which cannot be guarded against, and
no accident which cannot be repaired. The only dis-
couraging circumstance connected with the enter-
prise is the apparent inability of electricians to dis-
cover a serious fault in a cable before it is paid over
the side of the ship. The delay for another year
will not be thrown away if it enable them to devise
better tests of the excellence of the electric cable
borefo
Telegraph established, and look forward to the day
.
as certain, even distant, when England and
America will throb with one pulse of life.
notre w it
e is
must submerged,beheve though whether they do so
the possibility of an Atlantic
POST.—Considered with reference to circum-
stances, the present policy of Austria is intelligible
only in so far as it appears to be based on a misap-
prehension of theirmea ning. The Emperor, it would
seem, does not despair of conciliating the Italians
who are still subject to his sway. It is proposed to
pad the Venetian yoke with some municipal freedom.
There is nothing original in the expedient ; it has
been tried before, and has failed. That, however,
which was just possible 18 years ago is now wholly
out of the question. Austria was at that period in
a position to adopt measures which might have been
accepted, and she was earnestly advised, in words
which have been remarkably confirmed by events,
that " in ordinary times slow reforms may answer
well enough, but in grave circumstances, when the
very life of the community !s in danger, such homoeo-
pathic doses are of no avail." The Venetians have
long since ceased to respect the Austrian Govern-
ment, and they can hardly be said to fear it. Nor
is it that they have been merely oppressed and held
in bondage--they have been trampled upon and
i
wantonly insulted. One instance of Austrian m-
policy will suffice as a specimen of the whole, and it
will be freshly remembered in the presence of the
cholera. In 1836, when this terrible disease was rag-
ing at Vienna, the Vebnetians entreated the Govern-

(From the Illustrated London News)

ment to take steps to protect them from its contagion,
and were told that the expense of a sanitary cordon
" would exceed that which the mortality would
entail on the Imperial Treasury." It is not in
the natural of things that such ;wrongs should be
forgotten or forgiven ; and though the Emperor
may be acting in good faith, lie cannot hope that
his sincerity will be appreciated. The people who
have seen their country rise up out of its grave
will not compromise the aspirations which they
legitimately entertain. Venice has heard the pro-
clamation of her emancipation, and she believes
that, in the fullness of time, " Italy will be free from
the Alps to the Adriatic." Her course, therefore,
is clearly indicated, and for Austria there is really
but one way of escape from 'an entanglenent which
paralyses the whole empire. It is idle to attempt
to govern the Venetians as the Hungarians may be
governed. The conditions are not the same. Hun-
gary is loyal at heart ; Venetia is on principle irre-
concilable. The Government of Vienna has shown
that it recognises its obligations, but also that it is
not competent to fulfil them. This is a position
which is rightly regarded as untenable, and the Em-
peror has resolved to fortify it. It may be assumed
that his Majesty has reluctantly postponed the set-
tlement of his dispute with Prussia, for, after all, it
will be found, we apprehend, that any arrangement
which is made will be provisional only. Austria
would renew the discussion when she can take part
in it more conveniently • and although Herr von
Bismarck is about to " utilise" Kiel without further
ceremony, it is not impossible that he will be com-
pelled to a forbearance foreign to his nature, Not-
withstanding what has been said it is perfectly well
understood by the German Powers that their pro-
ceedings are vigilantly watched. So that it may not
be too late for Austria to repair more than one mis-
take. By whatever non-natural interpretation of
international relations Prussia and Austria have
come to the conclusion that they are entitled to revise
the map of Germany between themselves, it is cer-
tain that their assumed authority does not extend
beyond the frontiers of the Germanic Confederation.
The Venetian question, at all events, concerns other
Powers, and it was evident enough before Austria
underlined the fact, that the satisfactory adjustment
of the German difficulty depended on the settlement
of the Italian claim. Indirectly, but coercively,
Prussia makes Venetia the pivot of her operations.
Hence it is -incumbent on Austria to look the inevi-
table alternative in the face. The case may be put
categorically as it now stands. If Austria is able
to maintain her position in Germany without war,
then it is supererogatory for her to seek to do that
which is impracticable in Venetia. On the other
hand, if it is probable that eventually the ambition
of Prussia will have to be controlled by force, Aus-
tria has to consider whether she could hold Venetia
against the Italian army and Frankfort against the
Prussian army at the same time. This is the cal-
culation on which Herr von Bismarck proceeds, and
virtually it is accepted by the Government of Vienna.
The Italian Prime Minister is reported to have said
that he was persuaded he could convince the
peror Francis Joseph that it would be for his in-
terest to surrender Venetia to Italy ; but at present,
if the Prussian Premier has failed to prove the ne-
cessity of the measure, it may be doubted if General
La Mamora could realise his sanguine expectation.
The Austrian apology for submitting to the dicta-
tion of Prussia is substantially this—that her trea-
sury was empty, and that she could not count on
the neutrality of Italy. It is obvious, therefore,
that if her German rights are compromised, and if
they are worth preserving, the means necessary to
their vindication might be obtained, and further,
that the abatement of the Italian obstacle would
amount to a pacific settlement of the German
quarrel. Prussia would not push the difference to
war if Austria were ready to fight, and Italy can
well afford to come to terms for the completion of
her unity. No doubt Austria may think that it is
better to keep Venetia and trust to the chapter of
accidents in Germany. That is for her to decide •,
but, in coming to a decision, it should be recollected
that while her German position is morally impreg-
nable, Venetia can only be held, as it were, in suf-
ferance. War between Austria and Prussia on the
German question could not be tolerated. The mat-
ters in dispute would in that event have to be sub-
mitted to another arbitration, and in the award
Austria could not well lose, if she did not gain.
Moreover, if the German question presses for a
solution, as it undoubtedly does, Venetia would al-
most certainly be included in any ratification of
frontiers that might result fromhostilities, or threat-
ened hostilities. In short, Austria would not. save
her Italian dependency by abandoning her German
position, and whether other Powers are or are not
prepared to intervene for the purpose of maintain-
ing peace, it is competent to Austria to demand
their intervention on that ground, and, in all pro-
bability, she would have done so before now if
Venetia had not stood in the way.

Cheltenham, the sole executor. The will is dated June
30, 1863, and the testator died on the Gth of May last. He
leaves the whole of his property, real and personal, to his
executor, in trust for the sole use and benefit of his relict.

The Great Eastern.

RECENT WILLS AND BEQUESTS.

The following extract from an article in Newton's
Loudon Jolirnal of Arts and Sciences may be found
of interest at the present moment :
Having had an opportunity of inspecting the Great
Eastern just before she sailed, and also the ship Caroline,
which carried the shore end of the cable, we may, per-
haps, be able to give an idea of the arrangements that
have been adopted for packing the cable, and for facili-
tating the delicate operation of paying out. This has
heretofore proved a very difficult, not to say dangerous,
operation, by reason of the tendency which the cable
possesses of running into " kinks " when uncoiling—that
is, of taking a permanent twist, which dislocates the in-
ternal arrangement of the cable, forcing the copper wire,
which forms the core, into contact with the metallic coat-
ing that is laid around the insulating material to give
strength and durability to the cable. Whenever this ac-
cident occurs the paying out has to be stopped and the
kink cut out ; the ends of the copper wire are then
carefully spliced to restore the electrical condition of the
cable, and proper precautions are taken to strengthen the
junction. To form kinks, it will be understood, is there-
fore a serious matter, and too much care cannot be
taken to avoid them. At an early' period of submarine
telegraphy, Mr. R. S. Newell, of Gateshead, being prac-
tically acquainted with the risks attendant on the paying-
out of telegraph cables from the hold of a ship, hit upon a
very simple way of facilitating their delivery, and in May,
1855, he patented his plan. It consists simply in building
up a cylinder in the hold of the intended ship to receive
the coil of cable, and fixing a cone in the centre of the cylin-
der. This cone forms a core for the cable, which is care-
fully coiled around it in horizontal layers, beginning from
the outside next the cylinder, and coiling towards the
cone. When the cable reaches the cone, the " bight " of
the cable is taken back to the outside of the coil, and a fresh
layer is commenced. The cylinder and cone form a secure
packing for the coil of cable, which, if once displaced by
the tossing of a rough sea, would have to be taken to port,
unshipped, and recoiled, before the paying out could be
commenced. Now, in the Caroline, the cable, which was
made very strong, to resist the abrasion of the rocks was
laid in the form of a long oblong coil, supported on the out-
side by strong uprights, and secured at the eye or middle
of the coil by a strong timber framing, so contrived as to
offer no points of obstruction to the delivery of the cable as
it is drawn up out of the hold. In the Great Eastern, how-
ever, a somewhat different arrangement has been adopted.
Instead of the strong uprights which supported the exterior
of the coil in the Caroline, the great ship has been fitted with
three enormous water tight iron tanks, into which the cable
has been coiled after Mr. Newell's manner. The cable ap-
pears to have been coiled into the three tanks around a
temporary core, which was then removed to give place
to a telescopic arrangement of skeleton framework, de-
signed by Messrs. Canning and Clifford, the engineers
engaged In the important work of paying out the cable.
These telescopic frames fill the eyo of the coil, and pre-
vent any portion of the cable falling into the eye of the
coil and getting entangled during the paying out. Wind-
lass barrels aro placed at the bottom of the framework,
and leading down to them through guide pulleys are wire
ropes attached to the several sliding or telescopic frames,
apparently with the view of drawing down these frames
one within the other, as the depth of the coil decreases,
"thus forming," as it has been described, "a sinking core
around which the ascending cable might run." This was
precisely the arrangement which a jury determined, in the
case of Newell v. Elliott, in February, 1864, was an in-
fringement of Mr. Newell's patent, but which, from being
applied at sea beyond the jurisdiction of his patent, was
ultimately declared to be no invasion of the inventor's
rights, Without going so far as to say that this adapta-
tion of Mr. Newall's principle will not answer as well as
the fixed cone, we may confidently affirm that it is in no
respect better, On the contrary, it involves more trouble
and expense in coiling and packing the cable, and being
but at best a skeleton core, it renders it possible for a loose
piece of timber falling within the eye to obstruct the as-
cending line of cable, and produce a " fault" of some kind
that will necessitate the stoppage of the operation of pay-
ing-out to make good the injury. In a national undertak-
ing like the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cable, it was
highly important that every precaution should have been
taken to secure success, even though the managing director
of the company had been reduced to the mortifying posi-
tion of acknowledging merit in the invention of a rival
manufacturer. Had a reasonable proposition been made by
the company for the use of Mr. Newell's apparatus, we have
no doubt it would have been heartily received ; or if the
determination had been adopted to brave the consequences
of a lawsuit, and avowedly to invade the patent, the
public would have had nothing to say to that course; but
to jeopardise, to ever so- small an extent, a national
undertaking, by omitting to use the best known form of
apparatus for laying down the submarine telegraph cable,
for fear of consequences independent of the enterprise in
hand, is altogether indefensible. Besides the outer cylinder
and cone which Mr. Newell employs to form an annular
space for the reception of the coil, he uses suspended rings
for guiding the cable upwards out of the hold to the brake
apparatus, which delivers the cable over the stern of the
ship into the sea. No guides of this kind were fixed in
either vessel at the time of our visit, but since she sailed
the Great Eastern has evidently been provided with a con-
trivance of that kind, for the Time correspondent, in his
communication, dated July 24th, says :—" The circular
guards, called crinolines, to be suspended over the cable
tanks, and through the centre of which the cable will be
paye out, have been fixed." If, therefore, tho laying of
the cable should prove no mere evanescent success, Mr.
Newell must share in the credit which will rightly belong
to those whose united exertions shall have resulted in "a
consummation devoutly to bo wished."

Probate of the will of the Right Hon. George Augustus
Frederick Henry Bridgman, Earl of Bradford, of Castle
Bromwich, Warwickshire, Weston Hall, Staffordshire, and
43, Belgrave-square, has been granted by her Majesty's
Court to his eldest son, heretoforo Viscount Newport, P.C.,
M.P., now the Right Hon. Orlando George Charles Earl of
Bradford, ono of the surviving exeeutors ; the other sur-
viving executor, Wm. Lacon Childe, Esq. (formerly M.P.
for Wenlock), having renounced. The personalty was
sworn under £140,000. Lord Bradford succeeded to the
title in 1825, on the death of his father, the first earl ; was
twice married, and died on the 22d March last, at the ago
of 76. His lordship executed his will in 1849, and added
thereto nine codicils, the last dated April, 1860. These
documents extended to 348 folios. His lordship bequeaths
to his relict, the Dowager Countess of Bradford, who was
the daughter of 2Eneas Mackay, Esq., and widow of Sir
E. Moncreiffe, Bart., beyond her provision on marriage, an
immediate legacy of £l,OOO, and all the plate, books, linen,
china, and other effects that belonged to her ladyship be-
fore his marriage ; he also leaves her ladyship his droitska,
with one carriage and the selection of a pair of horses,
and that her ladyship may enjoy, as her residence, the
mansion of Castle Bromwich. The diamond necklace,
having 44 brilliants, and the diamond ear-rings usually
worn by the lady possessing the title of Countess of Brad-
ford, he leaves in trust, to be held by the person who
shall be the first tenant entail of his Warwickshire and
Lancashire estates. He devises to his eldest son the
estate of Windermere, together with all other his real
estates, and appoints his lordship the present earl
residuary legatee of the personalty ; having made
a provision for his younger children, which his lordship
had increased at various periods by the codicils. By the
will there is an annuity of £lOO to the late governess of his
daughters; also legacies and annuities to his domestics.

Railway Traffic Returns for the Week,

Miles Opened. Receipts.

Rail'

:ways. ,„......._,______,,......--....______,
1865. 1864. 1865 1864
£ Z
Belfast and N. Counties 9Ol 991 2,265 2.120
Belfast and Comity Down 49 49 990 882
Blyth and Tyne 213 28 2,600 2,446
Bristol and Exeter 1215 1215 8,267 8,144
Caledonian, Scottish Central 4OB 408 28.533 28,028
Cambrian
Cockermouth K & Penrlth' .. 314 - 437 -
Cockermouth and Workin
Cork and Bandon 2O 20 375 370
Cork, Blackrock, & Passage 65 ei 255 255
65174 01754 2,7071
Cornwall
Deeside
Dublin & Belfast Jtmction
Dublin and Drogheda 75 75 -Au.- •
1 61,10: 11:5093.1003
Dublin and Meath
914 457 3 S
Dub. & Wicklow and Wextd. 106 ,r 1 2, i 52100
Forth and Clyde Junction
Furness, &c
aLlazsgiostwern&,NSoriuktl.l4-WEe.ustentronn MI
865g3
4312g...355611227
331073.:05717971
Great Northern 149 4,01' 3.451
Great North of Scotland
tit. Northn. & Westn. (Ire].) 7ll 381 10,301 0 247
'it.Southn. & Westn.arind4. • ___..- 1236 79.431 79,412
Great Western .............. . Izpy 3874
13 221 205
Hull & Hornsea
Highland 145
14156 145246 111111 I:nt44
403 46,770 45,222
Lancashire & Yorkshire .....
241 241 170 780
Limerick and Ennis... .
284 261 151 115
Limerick and Foynes
461 161 778 07
Llanelly
204 201 336 400
Llynvi Valley ,
1228:228500 1221,507924
26,0213094 3241..913,71
11,611 13.373
London
nn
and&Noßritacit-krwv eafitern ... 1275.;1 125521
uoiLzitiiundddar&ig.Shotountl.ii,- Wse.sgral...... 4297025
24567454
all Metropolitan Extension t 134 127 j 2,750 2,725
Do. Kent Coast
Lon., Tilbury, & Southend
Man.,Sheffield.&Lincolnsh .. 2464 216 19,946 18,448
Blanch. S.Jun.&Altrincham.. 91 91 1,793 1,665
Maryport and Carlisle
Metropolitan .. Bl 81 2,641 2,169
Midland (incl. N.-Western).. 664 641 50,291 48.686
Midland G L Westn. of Irind... 2101 2501 4.744 4,451
Monmouthsh. RaiL & Canal.. 44 44 2,776 2,996
North British, Edin., Perth
and Dundee
N-Eastern and Stock. & DarL 11941 11601 75,016 72,3 0
North London 9 9 3,588 4,426
North Staffordshire 258 268 9,820 9,863
Rhymney l9/ 191 1,080 983
Scottish North-Eastern l3B 138 7,450 7,225
Somerset and Dorset 66 66 1,130 962
South Devon •••••• 98 755 5.174 4,528
South-Eastern 3OB 306 80,7i3 29,397
Taff Vale ' 61 61 5,903 5,738
Ulster 1055 1055 2,535 2,462
Vale of Clwyd..
Waterford and Kilkenny 3l 31 546 439
Waterford and Limerick 77 77 1,37 t 1,256
W' haven,Cleator,& Egrmnt lO 10 628 65,6
Whitehaven Junction l3 13 1'032 1., 56
Whitehaven & Furness Jun 35 35 8 0 1,000
FOREIGN AND COLONIAL.
Austrian B2B 823 33,217 31,467
Bahia and San Francisco
Belgian Eastern J unction 265 261 483 417
Bombay, Baroda, & C'en. India 306 1854 6,134 3,476
Detroit and blilwaukie lB9 189 7,488 4,3 0
Dutch Rhenish lOBl It 81 6,885 6,497
____ _ ..._ ...,.

The will of the Right Hon. Sir Charles Edward Grey,
G.C.H., formerly of Southwick-crescent, Hyde Park, but
late of Tunbridge Wells, was proved in the London Court,
on the 9th inst., by Edward Grey, Esq., one of the sons,
power being reserved to his other sons, Jervoise, Henry,
and George, who were also appointed executors, to prove
hereafter. Sir Charles died, on the Ist of June last, at
the age of eighty, a widower, having married, in 1821,
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir C. Jervoise, Bart. (she died in
1850). Sir Charles was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn
in 1811, and had been Chief Justice at Bengal, and a Com-
missioner for Canadian affairs, and also Governor of Bar-
badoes, Trinidad, Jamaica, &c. ; and was M.P. for Tyne-
mouth, 1838-41. The will bears date Nov., 1864. Sir
Charles, having a power of appointment over £lO,OOO,
under settlement and by assignment of the estate of the
late Thomas E. Jervoise, he apportions the same amongst
his sons and daughters, leaving to his sons Jervoise, John
Grey, and Edward Grey, each £15,000; to Henry Row-
land Ellison Grey, £1,200; George Grey, £2,200 ; his
daughter, Jane Lucy Grey, £5OO ; in addition to any other
appointments made to them, and divides the remainder
equally amongst them. Bequeaths his books to his four
sons, and his furniture, ornaments, and household effects
to his four daughters. To his eldest son, Jervoise, he
leaves his landed estate at the Blue Mountain, Jamaica,
consisting of about 300 acres. The residue of his property
he leaves equally amongst all his eight children.
The will of Pautia Ralli, Esq., of Connaught-place,
West, Hyde Park, was proved in London, on the Ist inst.,
by Peter Pautia Ralli, Esq., the son and solo executor,
who is also residuary legatee. The personalty was sworn
under £400,000. The testator, who died on the 9th ult.,
executed his will on the Ist of the same mouth. He has
made a liberal provision for his daughter, Mrs. Monk, and
her children, and has left a legacy of £5,000 to his son-in-
law, 0. J. Monk. Thore are also somo legacies and remem-
brances to other of his relatives. To his servants in London
and at his chateau at Marseilles he has left legacies, and
to some annuities ; and to the poor of Bonneveine
£lOO. Ho has made the following further charitable
bequests :—To the college of the island of Scio, £l,OOO, the
interest to be distributed annually in prizes ; £2OO to the
church of St. Victor, Scio, and £lOO to be distributed
amongst the hospitals of Scio (his native country); £l,OOO
to the University of Athens, and £5OO to the Phileopedeutic
Society there; and directs the sum of £5OO to be divided
amongst such of the charitable institutions in London as
his executor may think proper. All legacies to be paid free
of duty.
The will of John Remington Mills, Esq., of Brookbank,
Broadway, Worcester, was proved in the London Court on
the 25th ult., by Theophilue Bartlett Goddard, Esq., of

Eastern ol France .. t 1176 1428 88,555 81,533
Eastern Bengal ......... . llO 110 2,135 1,59#
East Indian
Grand Trunk of Canada 147 1435 24 138 21.739
Great Central of Belgium 295 255 8,847 5,733
Great Indian Peninsula 590 5531 14,757 8,330
Great Luxembourg 142 134 5,867 4.812
Great Southern of India
Great Western of Canada 345 3,5 11,892 10.032
Madras.
Madrid, Saragossa &Alicant 5(781) 46180
176,,?5733
18.10846
Northern of Canada ....
572:025331
Northern of France 728 723 61,782
Norwegian Trunk
Ottoman
Paris, Lyons. & Mediterrn 1967 1781 133,247 132,201
Paris and Orleans ... . .... .
Recife and San Francisco. &0. 776 776 978 688
Scinde... ... .
Do. Punjab, &c 253 32 741 355
South Austrian. &a ......
Southern of France 123 770 31,683 30—
,809
Victoria
Welland 25 25 885 42Z
West & N-Wn. of France

MAILS DUE.

Xll\. S PAPS R

_
The Naval Fetes at
At the banquet given here on t .L.
the Lords of the English Admiralty, hassitoups
Laubat, Minister of Marine, in his speeproposing
the toast "Her Majesty Queen Victoria and the
British Navy," said the time of hostile rivalry be-
tween the two countries had passed away. There •
now only remained emulation in doing everything
that could advance the cause of civilization and
liberty. " The freedom of the seas, pacific contests
in labour, and the beneficent conquests of COM-
merce " were Meant by the union of the flags of
England and France.

The Duke of Somerset, replying to the toast,
thanked the Minister for the sentiments he had ex-
pressed, and said they accepted the toast as a proof
of the cordial friendship of the Emperor and the
French nation for the English Queen and the Eng-
lish people. They also, on their part, entertained
the same sentiments of esteem for the Emperor of
the French. They trusted his Majesty might long
continue to enjoy his present good health. This
they desired, not only because it was for the wel-
fare of the two countries, but also because it tended
to guarantee the happiness and the pacific progress
spoke not
of Europe. In proposing the health of the Emperor
he
pinartthye, name einofthtehenGamoveeror
eveneryt oreno-
lightenedf
any
Englishman.

The Frauds on the Birmingham Banking
Company.

Benjamin Taylor and Henry Kell, who stand charged
with having conspired to defraud theyßirmingham‘Banking
Company of a large sum of money, by moans of forged bills
of exchange, were yesterday again placed at the bar of the
Mansion-house, before the Lord Mayor, in the custody of
Detective-sergeant Webb, to undergo a further examination
upon that charge.
l
appeared to presocuto ; Mr. Montagu
Williams,
is
appeared for Taylor, and Mr. Beard
appeared
Kelly.w

Rebecca, RI-May said•she lived at 50, Wood-street, Cheap,
side, and let out part of her house as offices. In the be-
ginning of 1864 she had a paper up that the office was to
be let, and the prisoner called and said ho wanted to take
an office merely for his samples. He ultimately took an
office in her house at £2O per annum, and gave the name
of " Campbell and Kelly," and signed the agreement " C.
Kelly and Co." The prisoner gave up the office in July,
1864, and had only paid her one quarter's rent. She never
saw any Mr. Campbell at the office.

Robert Aldred, master of the Union, Wandsworth, said
his wife was possessed of a house, 285, High-street, Camden
Town, which was let to a person named Runsdale, who left
the house in the early part of 1864. Early in December
last Kelly called on him and said he had taken the house
from Mr. Runsdale, and had called to see if he would be
accepted as a tenant. He said he had done certain repairs
to the house, and he had accepted him for the remaining
portion of the time, which was until Midsummer this year.
He gave the name of Henry Kelly. He still occupied the
house at the present time, and owed two quarters' rent.
Charles Burgess said ho lived in the service of Messrs.
Brown and Sons, bootmakers, 81, High-street, Birmingham.
He knew both prisoners, and had known Kelly about five
years. He first katew him as Kelly, and knew that he took
an office, 424, in Oxford-street, London, in the name of
Campbell, Kelly, and Co. Witness was then employed at
the shop over which the prisoner had his office. The house
was rented by Benjamin Nichol, who was the prisoner's
brother-in-law, and carried on the business of a leather-
seller and bootmaker, and the prisoner had his letters ad-
dressed there as Campbell, Kelly, and Co. At the same
time he knew him to be carrying on business at 285, High-
street, Camden-town, in the name of Ross and Co. He had
seen Kelly write on several occasions. The acceptances to
the two bills produced, drawn by Taylor on Ross and Co.,
he believed were in 'Kelly's handwriting.
Mr. Lewis was about to put some bills also drawn by
Taylor, and accepted by Ross and Co., and which had been
issued to other parties, into the hands of witness.
Mr. Montagu Williams objected, inasmuch as they were
irrelevant to the charge of defrauding the Birmingham
Banking Company.
The Lord Mayor ruled that they could not be evidence.
Witness continued—He maniged the shop in Oxford-
street, which was carried on by Benjamin Nichol. The
name over the door was witness's namo—Burgess and Co.
Kelley had had conversation with witness and Nichol, and
Kelly said it would be to witness's advantage to have his
name up, as he would ono day be made a partner, and be
was induced to allow him to use his name. Ho believed
the premises belonged to Nichol and the prisoner Taylor.
He used to see Taylor there at times. Witness never au-
thorised them to accept bills in his name, nor was he aware
that they were doing so until he was told so by Mr. Lewis.
He never accepted bills as C. Burgess and Co., and the two
bills which were produced, purporting to be accepted by
Burgess and Co., were not accepted by him. He was never
asked to accept bills. He signed receipts to bills Burgess
and Co., and paid the money over. The handwriting of
C. Burgess and Co., across the two bills, he believed to be
Nichol's. Nichol was carrying on a business at 2a, Dean-
street, Soho, as Nichol and Co. The acceptance, B. Nichol
and Co. to a third bill produced, was also in the handwrit-
ing of Nichol.

Benjamin Wheeler Poulton said he carried on business
as commission agent, at 24, Coleman-street. Ho knew
Kelly. In January last ho told him that he had been
building, and had lodged the deeds with his lawyer, who
advanced him money weekly to pay his men; but as he
was lending his clients' money ho wanted more security,
and asked witness to lend him his acceptance. He told the
prisoner ho could not pay the bills if ho were called upon,
and ho said he would hold him harmless. Ho accepted
four bills, one was for £lOB 18s., and the other throe were
blanks. Two of them had the drawer's name. Three
bills, £45 17s. 6d., dated 25th March, 1865 ; £9l 6s. 3d.,
dated April 11 ; and £62 10s., dated Ist April, were all
threo his acceptances, and were drawn by Taylor.,
Mr. Lewis said the whole of the body of one of the bills
was in the writing of Taylor, clearly showing his connec-
tion with Kelly.

Witness continued—The bills had been presented and
had been dishonoured. Ho had got the small bill back
from Kelly. Ile knew a person who carried on business as
J. Harvey and Co., at 10, Philpot-lano. On the 13th April,
he went to Mr. Harvey's office with Kelly, and saw Mr.
Harvey hand Kelly three blank acceptances on a nine..
penny, a sixpenny, and a threepenny stamp. Kelly paid hitt,
£3 15s. Ho first offered him £3 10s., but Harvey would
not take less than £3 15s. The acceptance to the bill pro-
dueeff on a sixpenny stamp was in Mr. Harvey's hand-.
writing.

By Mr. Williams—He took Kelly to Harvey.
By Mr. Lewis—Kelly never told him anything about
Taylor or the Birmingham Bank.
By the Lord Mayor—Kelly at the time he gave him the
bill said ho was alone, and was engaged in a. large build-
ing transaction.
George Morris, warehouseman to Messrs. Bevington and
Co., leather manufacturers, Cannon-street West, said he
knew Taylor, who had had transactions with the firm.
The bill for £62 10s. produced was received by him by
letter from the prisoner Taylor.
In the course of the examination Mr. Lewis, in answer
to the Lord Mayor, said the whole amount which the Bir-
mingham Company had lost was about £2,700. The
account was opened with a small deposit in money, and
very little money was paid in during the three weeks the
account was open.
The prisoners were again remanded.

Foreign Mail Packet List.

Australia and New Zealand, via Southampton . Aug. 18.
Ditto, via Marseilles Sept 12.
Brazil and Cape Verde. by British packet Sept. 4.
Ditto, by French packet ............. Aug. 22.
Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena....Ang. 21.
China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. •Aug. 18.
Ditto, via Marseilles Aug. 26,
Faikland Islands
Gibraltar, via Southampton ..... ......Ang. 18.
India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton.— Aug. 18.
Ditto, via Marseilles
• • • •Ang.l26.
India (Bombay), via Southampton. Aug. 25.
Ditto, via Marseilles ...Aug. 19.
Mauritius, via Southampton Sept 10.
Ditto, via Marseille 3
Newfoundland
• Aug. SO.'
Sept 4.
Portugal
Ditto, by private ship to Lisbon...
United States and British North America, by Bri-
tish packet ... ...Aug. 24.

Ditto. by United States packet, via Southamp-
ton .....
Ditto, via Cork
Ditto, by Canadian packet, via Londonderry.. Aug.. 25.

TOTAL DESTRUCTION BY FIRE OF A WATER-
PROOF FACTORY.—About two o'clock yesterday
morning a police-constable of the K division noticed smoke
pouring forth from the lower part of the waterproof fac-
tory belonging to Messrs. Spill, White Post-lane, Hackney-
wick. The officer sounded an alarm in the usual manner,
and in a short time several engines arrived. Owing, how-
ever, to the highly inflammable nature of the goods in the
different parts of the premises,
the flames spread with such
rapidity as to envelope the whole of the factory before
sufficient time had elapsed for the engines to get to work.
The flames rose so high as to illuminate tho country for
miles distant, and fire was belching forth from the various
windows, loop-holes, and roof, causing the greatest excite-
ment in the neighbourhood, increased to no small extent
from so many of the workmen employed on the spot living
in the locality. The fire continued its fearful ravages for
a condiderable time, and could not bo extinguished until
the major portion of the extensive works, together with
the valuable stock-in-trade, working blocks, and other
effects, were destroyed. The books, vouchers, and other
' documents wore saved in consequence of being in, a fire_
proof safe. The origin of the fire is unknown.

LONDON, £1 TURDA Y, A Uri UST 19, 1865.

-.► -

The threatened epidemic of cholera naturally
turns one's attention to that theme, and now that
there is a chance of our being visited by that de-
plorable calamity, it behoves us to consider well
what is best and wisest to do. One of the most dis-
tressing circumstances connected with the arrival
of the fearful guest among us some years back was
the reflection that want of care had greatly increased
the evils and added to the miseries attendant upon
it. It will not be consistent if we allow the same
thing to be said again, and, therefore, instead of
indulging in unavailing regrets or giving way to
foolish apprehensions and morbid fears, it will be
right and reasonable for those who are ignorant to
seek information, and for those who are in responsi-
ble positions to acquaint themselves with the man-
ner in which they may best provide for the emer-
gency, and protect those entrusted to their care or
dependent upon their foresight. On Thursday a
Conference of medical officers of health was held in
Adam-street, Adelphi, at the National Association
for the Promotion of Social Science, and the peru-
sal of their reports and comments cannot but prove
most instructive and interesting to all parties. The
Chairman said that there was very little hope that
the "dreaded disease" would not visit this country
in the coming winter or spring, and added, very
truly, that there would be no excuse if the severity
of its visitation was not mitigated by the
adoption of all possible preventive measures,
which may be gathered from the statement of the
sub-committee of health on the threatened epidemic,
which was read by Professor GREENIIOW. It states
that many circumstances conduce to prove the pro-
ticability, if not the certainty, of this dreadful
scourge approaching our shores. The epidemic
affections of cattle are generally regarded as the
common " precursors', of epidemic visitations to
human beings, and that herald has already appeared I

among us.

It is shown by recorded evidence that the attacks
of the last visitation of cholera were much diminished
in number, fatality, and intensity in those places
where timely measures were adopted, and founded
upon the experience gained from careful observation
of previous occurrences. All the most serious
attacks were " forewarned" upon those places where
people suffered then as now from " foul-air dis-
eases," such as are quite unknown, or almost so,
ni situations where proper management prevails,
even in public establishments of the lowest classes
of the population. These diseases, it is said, are
comparatively few and slight in improved common
lodging-houses or model dwellings, and seldom
Occur in the houses of the better classes, but " are
never absent from the wage classes, living in
crowded, ill-drained courts and alleys, ill-supplied
with pure water, and ill-cleansed, close, filthy, ill-
ventilated and foul-aired, and which slay nearly
100,000 per annum of men, women, and children
of Great Britain alone." Surely these words
should be deeply graven upon the minds of all
and every possible precaution be adopted, and
every earnest endeavour used to allay the mischief
where it cannot be stopped, and to check the

It is worthy of notice that in periods of epidemic
visitations like the cholera there is a wonderful
coincidence between the ravages of the disease
and the ordinary death-rates among the different
classes. In those unhappy localities where
" typhus" is prevalent cholera is invariably present,
and common fever often assumes the character of
typhus in such places. It appears that taking one
year as the average, the deaths of children in Lam-
beth were as follows :—ln the different ranks among
professional persons and gentry, 31 ; shopkeepers
and tradesmen, 57 ; artisans, 60. The sanitary
condition of the dwelling-houses has a great deal to
do with the average rate of mortality, and if no-
thing else could rouse people from their lethargy,
and make them zealous reformers in this respect,
the inspection of the Registrar-General's returns
may well do so. In awful characters the figures are
presented to their notice, and they may read, mark,
learn, and inwardly digest the sad and startling
information which they contain. They will find
that in the heart of this busy metropolis, in the
centre of this teeming industry, and in the midst
of wealth, luxury, and enjoyment, there are spots
which are nurseries of sickness, hotbeds of conta-
gious disease, and where all kinds of foul complaints
abide and flourish. Childhood is blighted, and the
vigour of manhood destroyed, while old age is
seldom reached, or if so, in how pitiable and de-
plorable a state. It is to these places that attention
should be directed, for the enemy is making upon
them, and will slay his thousands and tens of thou-
sands if unmolested in his course. No more forcible
warning can be given than has been over and over
again repeated ; and unless we would willingly see
our streets thronged with mourners, and our ceme-
teries crowded with dead, we shall take heed to the
warning that bids us prepare. There is, indeed, no
time to lose, for much must be done, and it is dif-
ficult work at the best to better the condition or
improve the care of such localities. Still, when a
solemn and sacred duty has to be done, no excuse
can sanction delay, and unwillingness is a crime.
To adopt all possible sanitary measures would seem
the most expedient mode of proceeding in the first
place, and to facilitate this desirable end due care
should be taken to study the reports given by those
well qualified to judge of such matters. We learn
for one thing that ventilation is much neglected in
many places, and that incalculable mischief ensues
therefrom. The evil effects of the close and crowded
workrooms have often been shown in the rise in
health of the working classes when the factories are
closed and their inmates in the open air, as was
especially noticeable at the period of the cotton
famine. It would be well for visits to be paid to
such places, which are so likely to prove violent
auxiliaries to the epidemic, and to suggest any
remedies that are at all practicable. The sooner
this important task is undertaken the better it will
be for the future consequences to all concerned.
As was truly said at this meeting, the most ruthless
invader from a foreign land could not in modern
times inflict so terrible a slaughter as that effected
by the cholera in its last visitation, when " seventy
thousand" perished during its stay among us. This
work of sanitary reform is indeed one in which
no efforts can be too great, and no zeal
thrown away. It is a cause which demands
the greatest skill, the most unselfish feelings, and
the most steadfast endurance, but it is one which
will abundantly repay exertion, and which has for
incentives faith, hope, and charity in its good and
glorious mission. The opportunity is plentiful, and
it is to be trusted that many workers may be found
able and willing to help. It will be a sad thing if the
threatened epidemic should find us unprepared, and
too late we should awaken to the awful truth, that
want of care has been as hurtful as want of heart to
the suffering and stricken community, who, " like
reapers, descend to the harvest of death." Fore-
warned is forearmed, and as it cannot be urged in
extenuation of further neglect that due notice has
not been given of the advancing danger, so now is
the fitting time to be up and doing with the spirit
that cannot command success, but will do more by
deserving it.

One of the principal advantages which a young
country offers to the small capitalist is the easy
rate at which land is usually procurable. The
class which more than any other is recommended
to try a new world, when the old country does not
supply room enough for enterprising competition,
is the agricultural class. Professional men, clerks,
and others accustomed to a studious and sedentary
life, are often warned by well-meaning friends that
they must not think of emigration to any rising
colony, since it is the hand rather than the head
that is wanted in such settlements, the strength and
training to till the soil and speed the plough, rather
than the education and the faculties requisite for
the lawyer, the physician, the litterateur, or
the divine. Strange to say, however, in one of
our most thriving and fertile colonies the farmer
has hitherto met with almost insuperable difficulties.
Thanks to immense advantages conferred by old
and obselete acts when land was of little value ;
some of the best agricultural tracts in Victoria
have been hitherto lying idle for the benefit of the
sheep, the shepherd, and the squatter. The oppo-
sition which has frustrated every attempt to bring
about a better and more equitable state of things
has been the perplexity of successive Australian
statesmen ; and more than one measure has
been Passed with the express purpose of
throwing the public lands open to fair coin- I

petition without producing the slightest result.
Whatever the quality of the laud held by the
squatter, whether rich agricultural soil or mere
pasture land, he held it at a nominal rent, and grew
rich upon it. Naturally he opposed every scheme
which threatened to deprive him of the advantages
he was enjoying, and his agents wero not slow in
devising difficulties which defeated the practical
working of every successive measure. But at last,
when the evil was felt to be growing intolerable,
and the anachronism of Crown lands being held
under a monopoly in a new country was being
everywhere denounced, came the Act of 1865,
which came actually into operation in May last, and
as yet bids fair to attain the long sought for object.

We have previously referred to its details, which all
tend to the same conclusion—that certain lands are
selected and let by lot at fair and easy rates, giving
the tenant the option of purchase at the end of his
term of occupancy. Under this Act large areas in
every district have been opened for selection, num-
bering in some localities over 150 acres, while a
clause which permits selections of 20 acre lots for
homesteads in the mining districts, has been largely
used by working miners. Naturally this change has
given great discontent to the squatters and their
party, but it is not the less certain that it is likely
to be beneficial to the colony, and advantageous to
the immediate occupants of the land. It is
very well for the squatters to wish for
the monopoly of supplying the community
with animal food, and to export wool and hides,
while the breadstuffs are imported ; but such is not
a sound principle of national policy, and it would
be inexcusable to pursue it while Victoria possesses
such rich and fertile tracts of agricultural land.
Some returns have just been moved for in the
Legislative Assembly, which convey some interest-
ing information on this point. The farmers, it
appears, now occupy 2,697,981 acres, and the
squatters 2,856,550 acres of purchased land, in addi-
tion to 28,826,756 acres of Crown land held by the
squatters at a mere nominal rent. The number of
squatters is about eleven hundred, while, with their
employes, they come up to between nine and ten
thousand. The farmers, on the other hand, make
up with their dependents over forty-one thousand.
The relative annual value of the produce of the
squatter class was £3,316,793, and of the farmer
£3,676,250. This is certainly a striking contrast
when we remember the immense difference between
the amounts of ground they occupy. It is also
worthy of notice that the preponderance of value
in breeding horses and pigs is greatly in favour of
the farmer, the value of the horses bred by both
being respectively £102,000 and £64,000, and of
pigs £56,000 and £l,OOO. It must also be remem-
bered that for several years the imports of grain
have averaged one million sterling, so that it cannot
be argued that farmers have no market for their
goods, since the demand for their produce
evidently exists, and with such a rapidly increasing
population must rise rather than diminish, while the
opening of the interior and the rapid improvement
of the roads and means of communication offer
every encouragement to traffic. Another scheme
which promises to be of great service to the farmer,
in common with other industrial branches of the
population, is the bill for providing a system of
reservoirs for water supply throughout the colony.
It,will be of immense advantage to the whole settle-
ment, and will, we hope, be brought safely to com-
pletion. Altogether, the prospects of the agricul-
tural interest in Victoria are most encouraging, and
as it is indispensable to the welfare of the Austra-
lian colonies that they should be able to depend
upon their own resources for the supply of the
necessaries of life, and as there seems to be scarcely
a limit to the bounty of nature towards them, it is
very much to be hoped that a large and thriving
class of tillers of the soil may speedily be ranked
among its population. Like the labourer's children
in the old fable, Australia may hereafter find her
wealth consist rather in the products of her soil
than in the auriferous deposits of her " diggings,"
and if less intoxicating and dazzling, are certainly
more durable and more really beneficial.

The meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society
of Ireland, though not so pretentious an affair as
the periodical agricultural exhibitions in this coun-
try, is by no means devoid of interest and import-
ance. In the first place, it is always satisfactory to
receive evidence of the thriving condition of any in-
dustry in the sister kingdom, more especially an
industry so beneficial to its people, and so well
adapted to its soil, as the agricultural. The society
in question, which has been established for some
( years, holds its annual exhibition in each of the four
provinces in turn, and it numbers among its list of
presidents and vice-presidents several distinguished
names. The site chosen for the meeting, which is
in Munster, is Clonmel, the assize town of the South
Riding of Tipperary, and amid the beautiful scenery
of the Comeragh mountains. The Lord-Lieutenant
and Lady WODEHOUSE, who have gone there to
assist at the meeting, have been very cordially re-
ceived by the people, and altogether there is plenty
of the brilliancy and excitement which Irishmen
love just now pervading the quiet district. The
exhibition itself is fully up to the average, though
the panic on account of the cattle plague has some-
what interfered with the exhibition of the beasts.
The usual banquet was held on Wednesday at the
Court-house, under the presidency of the Marquis of
WATERFORD. The noble Chairman, in proposing
the health of the Lord-Lieutenant, observed that
there were two most important subjects now before
his Excellency—one was the cattle disease and the
continued exodus of the Irish people. Lord WATER-
FORD added that he believed much could be done to
check the tide of emigration by a liberal expendi-
ture on public works and a generous treatment of
the people. Lord WODEHOUSE, in reply, demurred
to the responsibility which the Marquis had laid on
him. It was not in his power, he said, to devise a
policy which should cure the evils of centuries,
though he expressed his conviction that Ireland
must one day assume her proper position, and that
the maintenance of the same wise and moderate
tone which has been adopted during the past six
months would really facilitate that result. lie de-
clared the anxiety of the Government to render it
advantageous for the Irish to remain in their own
country, an end which will scarcely be attained till
more capital is invested in Ireland and more chan-
nels opened to industry and enterprise. With re-
gard to the cattle disease, Lord WODEIIOUSE said
that the number of cattle imported was very small,
not more than 1,500 annually. The Government
had decided in not prohibiting the importation of
cattle, believing that circumstances did not warrant
that step, and that the disease originated in Eng-
land. At the same time, the Lord-Lieutenant de-
clared his anxiety to assist in every way the pre-
ventative measures decided on. In conclusion, his
Excellency expressed his satisfaction with the char-
acter of the exhibition, and commended Irishmen
to forget their dissensions and labour for the good
of their common country. The banquet passed off
brilliantly, and we can only hope that the favour-
able auguries of the speakers will be more than
realised.

A GALLANT OLD VETERAN OF FRANCE !—The
papers mention the death of the Marquis de Bergeret,
a retired colonel of cavalry, which occurred on his estate,
near Chateaudun, at the advanced age of 97. At the age of
13 he received an ensign's commission ; he was 24 years
old when, in 1792, revolutionary France was threatened by
Conservative Europe. Ills family emigrated ; he remained
and enlisted as a private soldier in the 13th Dragoons.
There he soon regained his epaulet. Before doing so he
was one day on advanced post duty in the neighbourhood
of Stockach in Baden, when it came to his knowledge that
his father and brother wore with the advanced guard of
Condo's army. A small river alone separated the opponent
forces. lle asked his General's permission to go and see
his relations, and it was granted, after some hesitation.
The young Republican volunteer hastened to Condo's camp,
and remained there an hour ; in vain did his brother and
his old father employ every argument, every entreaty, to
get him to remain in the Royal ranks; faithful to duty and
the national banner, he tore himself from them andrejoined
his corps. He went through the campaigns of the Rhine
and Switzerland, was at Austerlitz, Jena, Moscow, and
through the campaign disastrous but yet glorious for the
French arms of 1814. He was four times wounded, and
left the army just before the revolution of 1830.

BOURSE, Aug. 18.—Two o'clock.—The reaction
caused by realisation of profits continues ; this
accounts for the slackness of the market in spite of
the continuation of the discounting proceeding,
which to-day demands a supply of 18,000 Rentes
Three per Cent., 850 North of Spain, and 525
Credit Mobilier. These latter Shares have retro-
graded 10f.—to 782 f. 50c. North of Spain have
lost 12f. 50c.—to 225 f., and Threes 5c., their price
being 68f. Sc. The variation is slight in the Rail-
way Share Market. New City Bonds have ad-
vanced to 463 f. 75c. The last quotations are as
follows :

4} per Cents 97 50
Do. end month —
3 per Cents. 6B 20
Do. end month 6B 15
Credit Mobilier 795
Do. end month
Bank Shares 3600
Credit Foncier —
Italian Loan 65 10
Do. end month 65 25
RAIL'

Ditto Threes —
Mexican Loan 471
Do. Bonds —
Russian —
Austrian
Spanish Threes
Home Debt —
Deferred
Roman —

VAYS.
Cash. Amt.
852 50

- - ... 1075 -
- - ... 865 -
- - ... 565 -

Orleans
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean
Souther*
Western
Eastern — ... 527 50
Sardinian , — 270
Austrian — 407 50
Lombard — ... 486 25
North of Spain — 233 75
Saragossa 320
Ditto to Barcelona •••
Roman 222 50

THE WAR IN SOUTH AMERICA.
RIO DE JANEIRO, JULY 24.

The Emperor left this city on the 10th for Rio
Grande, and arrived at St. Catherine on the 12th,
where his Majesty was delayed two days owing to
stress of weather. A heavy pampero, which began
on the night of his arrival, continued to blow till the
14th, when the weather clearing up his Majesty
continued the voyage without landing, and arrived
at Rio Grande on the 16th.

Government have resolved on taking charge alto-
gether of the D. Pedro 11. Railway, receiving the
shares of the few remaining shareholders at par, and
paying them in Government 6 per Cent. Stock, also
at par.

The Paraguayans are in possession of S. Borja,
which place they appear to be fortifying, A column
of 11,000 men is on the"march southward, supposed
to be going to attack Itagiu, in front of which town,
and on the other bank of the Uruguay, they have
6,000 men. On the 26th, an engagement took
place, near S. Borja, between the vanguard of the
Paraguayan army and a brigade under the Brazilian
Colonel Fernandes, which had received reinforce-
ments, and compelled the Paraguayans to fall back,
leaving 700 men on the field, besides 3,000 horses,
mostly saddled, some arms and baggage, and two
flags. The official report states that the Brazilians
had 151 men killed and wounded.

General Canabarro, and Baron Jacuhy appear at
last to be on the march ; the forces of the former
are now estimated at 12,000 men, mostly cavalry ;
and of the latter at 2,600 men, and will arrest the
progress of the invaders. The news, however, from
Rio Grande is so confused, and in many instances
so contradictory, that it is impossible to give the
exact position of the forces and their numbers.
On the Ist a terrible gale did a great deal of
damage to the shipping in the port of Rio Grande,
and several lives were lost.

From Buenos Ayres we have dates to the 14th,
and from Montevideo to the 15th. The most im-
portant is the disappearance of Urquiza's army,
which he disbanded. The fact has been severely
commented on, and the general has not escaped
censure, though many attribute the event to treason
on the part of some of his officers. In the following
letters, which Urquiza wrote to General Paunero
and the President Mitre, he promises an explanation
of this extraordinary occurrence, but gives none.

"Headquarters at Basualdo, July 4, 1865.

"My esteemed General,—l yesterday set out, as
I had announced, to see the President, and had to
return when nearly half-way, having been informed
that a portion of the men of the divisions was
disbanded.
" This event is the effect of some disorder or false
reports respecting my march, but it has been re-
strained, and I hope that those who abandoned
their duty will return. Fearing that at a distance
too much importance may be lent to the occurrence,
I hasten to communicate it to you. Some have
already returned.—Yours, &c.,
JUSTO J. DE URQUIZA.

" TROUTOS, July 7.

"My Esteemed President and Friend,—lt is
with the most profound regret that I inform your
Excellency that I was to-day unavoidably compelled
to return with the forces under my command, and
to disband them for some time, feeling confident
that they will shortly return to their ranks in
greater numbers.

" I shall personally go and give your Excellency
an account of this occurrence and its causes, or
will send competent persons if any unforeseen per-
sonal impediment should arise.

" Your Excellency may rest assured that I took
this grave resolution without awaiting your orders,
because it was not otherwise possible to avoid
making barren by demoralisation and disorder
elements which ought again to contribute to the
national defence, as your Eminence may be sure
they will, and as will I, sacrificing myself alone if
need be.

" This will be followed by full information.
" Your Excellency's loyal friend and servant,
" JUST() J. DE UItQumZA."

The allied armies, which had been waiting for
this General's forces, was still at Concordia, but cn
the eve of moving, and Admiral Tamandare had
prepared a flotilla of small steamers and launches
to operate in the Uruguay, as soon as this river
became navigable.

Her Majesty's ship Satellite, Captain Crofton,
sailed this morning for England, having on board
the officers and crews of some of the gunboats on
this station, who have been relieved by others
brought out by the Narcissus. The Satellite will
call at Pernambuco on her way home.

TIIE GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY. The half-
yearly accounts of the Great Eastern Railway Company
show a balance which will enable the directors to declare
a dividend at the rate of 1 per cent. per annum, subject,
however, to the question as to the interest upon stock
raised for now works being charged to capital.

At the banquet given in the Hotel de Ville on
the 15th inst., by M. de Chasseloup Laubat, Mini-
ster of Marine, to the Lords of the English Ad-
miralty, Rear-Admiral Dacres, and the principal
naval and military officers, His Excellency delivered
the following speech :
" Gentlemen,—l propose to you the health of
her Majesty Queen Victoria. It is a great honour
and a real satisfaction to me to have to propose
this toast to-day. It is a very great honour, for
I come here in the Emperor's name to welcome the
representatives of the British navy ; and I thank
them, with the French navy, for having joined us
on the fête day of our august Sovereign. It is also
a very sincere satisfaction to me—and this feeling
should be shared by every sincere friend to his
country and humanity. It is a still greater satis-
faction to see this cordial and fraternal union in a
port which has already witnessed the meeting of the
Queen and the Emperor. Thank God, gentlemen,
the time of hostile rivalry is past ; emulation alone
remains in all that can advance the cause of civilisa-
tion and liberty in the world. Believe me, that
will be a grand and noble page in which, nar-
rating the reign of our Emperor and your Sovereign,
history shall tell hew, entering upon an entirely
new era, our flags no longer met but to open in
union new and vaster horizons to human activity,
and how, in our disinterestedness, we summoned all
nations to share the reward of our efforts. That
will be a noble page, also, which shall show old pre-
judices eradicated from the hearts of the two nations,
and their manufacturers hand in hand, advancing
unceasingly to diffuse prosperity among all men ;
and then displaying their wonders in those splendid
tournaments, to which we by turns invite the
workers of the world. Yes, gentlemen, freedom of
the seas, the pacific contests of labour, and the
beneficent conquests of commerce, such is the signi-
fication of these two noble flags to-day united before
us. May God ever protect them ; and for you,
gentlemen, may he preserve to you your gracious
Sovereign. To her Majesty the Queen of Great
Britain."'

After this toast, which was received with applause,
the Duke of Somerset spoke as follows :
" Gentlemen,--I have heard with great pleasure
the toast proposed by the Minister of Marine, as
well as the speech by which it was accompanied.
All Englishmen will feel a strong sentiment of gra-
titude in learning that upon this auspicious day, in
the midst of this select assembly, the first toast
proposed by the French Minister was the health of
the Queen of England.
" We accept it as a proof of the cordial amity of
the Government of France, and I trust the entire
nation feels for our Gracious Sovereign and our

country.
" I reply upon the part of the British Govern-
ment, and I feel confident that I also express the
views of the great majority of the English people
when I say that we are actuated by the same sen -
timents with regard to the Sovereign of France and
the French people.
" We wish that the good understanding which
now exists between the two countries may be of
long duration. We wish it not only because such
a friendship between the two nations tends to aug-
ment the welfare of England and of France, but
also because it tends to secure the happiness and
the peaceful progress of Europe. We accept with
all our hearts the statement of the Minister that
the days of hostile rivalry have disappeared to give
place to an epoch of generous emulatior.
" Whenever the fleets of the two nations have
acted together, as they have recently done in China
and Japan, they have not been actuated by any
egotistical feeling of aggrandisement, but have
solely endeavoured to make the faith of treaties
respected, and to obtain for all other peoples Vie
same advantages they procured for their own fellow-
subjects. I hope that the two countries will always
continue in this course.

" I propose the health of the Emperor, the elect
of the French people, and in proposing this toast I
wish to speak not only in the name of the Govern-
ment of which I am a member, or of any political
party, but in the name of every enlightened Eng-
lishman.

" To the health of the Emperor, the Empress and
the Imperial Prince. Long live the Emperor !"

" After the speech, which was received with the
greatest enthusiasm, Vice-Admiral Dupony, the
Maritime Prefect of Cherbourg, spoke as follows:
" Gentlemen of her Britannic Majesty's fleet,
" The presence at Cherbourg of a magnificent
British squadron such as that now anchored in our
waters would be under any circumstances a happy
event for our port. But when this squadron comes
here • to celebrate the fete of the Emperor, to asso-
ciate itself with cur national manifestations, we
cannot but be doubly sensible of the courtesy which
brings it hither. This thoroughly friendly visit will
be appreCiated by the whole of France as a testi-
mony to the mutual sympathy by which we
are animated. Everywhere, indeed, where our
fleets have met, they have maintained the best re-
lations ; everywhere the most cordial agreement
has prevailed between the officers, who have learnt
to know each other.
" All are penetrated by the sentiments of their
sovereigns. They know that the mission of the
navy in the present day is, above all, to be the
guardian of civilisation throughout the world.
,4 Be good enough then to accept this toast—
Gentlemen of the British Navy, az, a remembrance
of the relations which have always subsided between
two navies in our time, and as a pledge of those not
less agreeable relations which will continue in future,
not only to the advantage of both our countries,
but also, permit me to say, to the advantage of all
other countries."

Admiral DACRES then proposed the following
toast :—Gentlemen, I rise to propose a toast in
honour of the French navy. I am doubly grateful
for having been chosen to fulfil this agreeable
task : in the first place, because I am
sure that the toast will be received with enthu-
siasm by my compatriots, and particularly by my
brothers in arms, the officers of the English navy.
I need employ no eloquence to insure an eager re-
sponse to my proposal. In the second place, from
having been in active service, and having so often
met the French navy in so many parts of the world.
None can testify more authoritatively than I to the
bravery of its members, their generosity, and their
loyalty as allies. Gentlemen,—l drink to the French
Navy, whose gallantry and daring in war, and
whose chivalrous spirit render them the best of allies.

The Bench and the Bar.

(From the Law Times of to-day.)

Baron Channel closed the Oxford Court with a
speech commendatory of the working of Mr. Den-
man's Criminal Procedure Act. It was feared that
its effect would be to lengthen trials by the added
speech. It has not done so. Counsel judiciously
regulate their talk accordingly by abbreviating their
opening, and reserve themselves for the summing up
or reply. It was so within our own experience of the
last circuit, and Baron Channel has made a similar
observation, lie is thus reported :

The learned Baron, at the conclusion of the above case,
said that he was axious to address a few words to the bar.
His Lordship then said that an alteration had b3en made
by the Legislature shortly before the commencament of
this circuit in the criminal procedure of the country. The
object of that change was to give facility for a more
thorough hearing and discussion of criminal cases, but a
fear had been entertained lest the addition of extra speeches
might lead to the consumption of an inconvenient amount
of time over each case. His lordship now desired to say
that in no case on this circuit had the right of the addi-
tional speech been unnecessarily exercised, nor when exer-
cised had it ever been abused ; and ho wished to say that if
the Bar genes ally made so excellent a use of the Act as
that portion of it which went the Oxford Circuit had done
no fear need be entertained that its operation would not be
beneficent.

Beef, from 3s Od to 4s 6d ; mutton, 4s Od to 53 8d ;
lamb, 5s Od to 6s Od ; veal, 3s 10d to 4s 10d ; and pork,
3s 8d to 53 Od per 81bs, by the carcase.
WHITECHAPEL.
Beef, from 35 Od to 48 6d ; mutton, 4s Od to 5s 8d ;
lamb, 5s Od to 6s Od; veal, 3s 103 to 40 10d; and pork,
38 8d to 58 Od per 81bs by the carcase.