The Sun.
London, England, 1865-07-05 00:00:00

ESSEX.

Every seat in Essex will be fiercely contested. In
North Essex Mr. Du Cane and Major Beresford
(Conservatives) have to deal with Sir T. B. Western
(Liberal) ; in South Essex the two Conservative can-
didates, Mr. H. J. Selwin and Lord Eustace Cecil,

are opposed by Mr. R. B. Baker (Liberal). At Col-
chester, Mr. P. 0. Papillon and Mr. T. J. Miller,
the Conservative sitting members, are assailed by
Mr. J. Gurdon Rebow (Liberal) ; at Harwich, Capt.
Jervis and Mr. J. Belk, who are in the field as Con-
servatives, have to cope with Mr. M. Wills and Mr.
Fitzjames Stephen (Liberals) ; and at Maldon, Mr.
G. M. W. Peacocke and Mr. R. A. Earle (Conser-
vatives) are struggling with Mr. T. Sutton Western
(Liberal).

Yesterday being the 89th anniversary of the De-
claration of Independence of the United States, the
event was celebrated by the Americans in London,
atWillis's-rooms. Upwards of 200 ladies and gentle-
men sat down to dinner in the large room, which was
decorated by a profuse display of American flags,with
which were intermingled the British ensigns. A por-
trait of Washington hung above the chairman's head,
and a bust of the same illustrious man was exhibited
in the centre of the room. The chair was filled by
the Hon. F. H. Morse, United States Consul at Lon-
don, and among the distinguished Americans present
were Mr. Moran, United States Secretary of Lega-
tion ; Professor Day, of Cincinnati ; Lieut.-Colonel
Audenreid, United States Army ; Mr. C. Field, and
others. The English visitors included Professors
Goldwin Smith and Cairnes, Mr. T. B. Potter, M.P.,
Sir J. Murray, &c.
Upon the withdrawal of the cloth,
The CHAIRMAN briefly reminded the company of
the event which they had met to celebrate. That
event, he said, was one ever to be remembered, not
only by all Americans, but by all the world of freemen.
That event had enabled them to establish a Govern-
ment which was not intended solely for the benefit of
the governors, but for the welfare of the governed.
Good men in all ages had devoted themselves even
unto death for the liberties of their country, but
never until the Declaration of Independence by the
American States had any nation been built up on the
principles of inalienable rights of man. Upon the
present occasion after four years of intestine warfare
it was a peculiar happiness for them to be able to
meet together to commemorate not only the day
which gave birth to their country, but the great vic-
tories which had restored its Union and abolished
slavery. (Cheers.) America had now tried the
strength of its institutions, and had found them suf-
ficient for the trial. Their noble banner had some-
times during the late struggle been dragged in the
dust ; but the valour of the nation's heroes had up-
borne it until now, and once again it enclosed the
whole country within its sheltering folds. (Cheers.)
A number of letters of excuse for non-attendance
were read, and, among others, from Mr. Adams, the
American Ambassador, whose absence was caused by
a family bereavement ; from Mr. J. Bright, Mr. J.
S. Mill, and the Rev. B. Noel.
The CHAIRMAN then proposed the toast of " The
day we celebrate," and accompanied it with the fol-
lowing sentiment :—" The Declaration of Indepen-
dence, proclaimed by our patriotic fathers on the 4th
of July, 1776. Its principles of self-government have
been tested by the trials of both peace and war, and
have made America great, prosperous, and free.
May her sons ever maintain them unimpaired !"
In calling upon Professor Cairnes, of Dublin, to
respond to the toast, the Chairman remarked upon
the fact that all the professors of political economy
in this country had ever been friendly to the cause
of the United States.
Professor CAIRNES briefly responded, avowing
that his sympathies had always been with the United
States in their great trial, as he believed had also been
the sympathy of the great body of the people of this
country.
The CHAIRMAN then gave " The President of the
United States," with the sentiment—" Called unex-
pectedly to great and arduous duties, we have full
faith in his patriotism and confidence that he will
prove equal to every emergency."
Mr. T. B. POTTER, M.P., responded, and said
that from the moment when he learnt the sad cala-
mity which had deprived the United States of their
Chief Governor, he had felt convinced that the man
who had been elected by his fellow-citizens to fill
the second post in the Government would be found
worthy of the position, as the people of America
never selected untried.men. (Cheers.) He rejoiced
at being present on that occasion to congratulate
the American people as being able at last to celebrate
the complete Declaration of Independence which
would make their country what it ought to be—the
home of the free, and of the free only. (Cheers.)
The strongest feelings of friendship towards Ame-
merica were entertained in this country, and he be-
lieved those sentiments were reciprocated. He had
no apprehension of any disturbance of the present
amicable relations, nor ought there ever to be any,
for the two countries were not foreign countries to
each other, but were branches of the same great
family, speaking the same language, having the same
institutions as the basis of their Governments, and
having the same destiny to fulfil—the spread of civil
and religious liberty wherever the English language
is spoken. (Cheers.) The great bulk of the people
of this country had stood by the people of the United
States in their late awful struggle, and although
there might still remain among us a class which
viewed democratic institutions with horror, and which
might have been willing to enter upon a crusade
against them, yet that class of late years received a
check from the increased intelligence, or from the 1
generous instincts, of the unrepresented working-
classes. (Cheers.) As an Englishman he would say
now that the horrid war was over he hoped soon that
the gaping wounds caused by that war might be
healed, that the United States would be one people
again, and that the victorious people of the North
forgiving their erring brethren might lead them to
renew their affection for a Government which had
never been cruel to any. (Cheers.)
The CHAIRMAN next gave "The Queen," with the
sentiment, " First in the affections of her people
and equally respected by all true Americans."
The toast was enthusiastically received by the
company standing, with prolonged cheering and
hearty accompaniment of the National Anthem.
The toast of " Washington" was then given by
the CHAIRMAN, and in accordance with the usual
custom it was drunk by the company standing, in
solemn silence.

Another memorial toast, that of " Abraham Lin-
coln, Patriot, Statesman, Martyr," followed, and
was received in the same impressive manner.
The CHAIRMAN then gave " Our fallen heroes ;
embalmed in the memory of the country they died
to preserve." The world he said had learnt and no
Am

ierican would ever forget the great and glorious
deeds of their Volunteer army. It was painful to
remember how thousands of gallant men who had
patriotically offered themselves for the defence of
the Union had perished in the awful contest, and it
was still more painful to remember how many had
died not from wounds or in battle, but from cruel-
ties hardly ever before perpetrated by civilised men.
It was sufficient to mention Libby, Belleisle, and
Anderson to know that thousands of noble-hearted
soldiers were penned up together, confined in nar-
row spaces within a stockade, where they were left
to burrow like rats to shelter themselves from the
cold, and at last to die from frost or starvation.
Professor DAY, of Newhaven College, briefly re-
sponded.

:he next toast was " The Military and Naval
Forces of the United States." The nation will
ever hold its defenders in. grateful remembrance.
The Chairman, in the absence of the gentleman
who was to have responded to the toast, invited
Lieutenant-Colonel Audenreid, U.S.A., to under-
take that duty.

Colonel AUDENREID, who appeared in uniform,
and received a most enthusiastic reception, said he
had marched through Georgia, but he was afraid to
make a speech—a naive excuse which elicited loud
laughter and applause—in reply to the toast of 'the
Union," established by the wisdom of our fore-
fathers. In its perpetuity consists our strength and
prosperity as a nation.

Mr. Dion AN read an address, in which he stated
that the people of the United States felt no desire
to inflict vengeanCe upon the South, although per-

BERLIN, July 2.
The following is the full text of the above treaty:
His Majesty the King of Prussia, in his own
name, and representing the sovereign states and
territories united to the Prussian system of customs
and contributions, that is to say—The Grand
Duchy of Luxemburg, the enclaves of the Grand
Duchy of Mecklenburg Schwerin, Rossow, Netze-
band, and Schoenberg, the Principality of Birken-
feld, belonging to the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg,
Duchy of Anhalt, the Principalities of Waldeck and
Pyrmont, the Principality of Lippe, and the Grand
Bailiwick of Meisenheim belonging to the Land-
graviate of Hesse, as well as in the name of the
other members of the German Association of Cus-
toms and Commerce, that is to say, the Crown of
Bavaria, the Crown of Saxony, the Crown of Han-
over, as well for itself as for the Principality of
Schaumburg-Lippe, and the Crown of Wurtemburg,
theGrandDuchy of Baden, the Electorate of Hesse,the
Grand Duchy of Hesse, as well for itself as for the
Bailiwick of Homburg belonging to the Land-
graviate of Hesse, the States forming the Customs
and Commercial Union of Thuringia, viz., the
Grand Duchy of Saxony, the Duches of Saxe-
Meningen, of Saxe-Altenburg, of Saxe-Coburg-
Gotha, the Principalities of Schwarzburg-Rudols-
tadt, and of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, of the
elder branch of Reuss, and of the younger branch
of Reuss, the Duchy of Brunswick, the Duchy of
Oldenburg, the Duchy of Nassau, and the Free
Town of Frankfort, on the one part ; and her
Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, on the other part ; being
equally animated by the desire of regulating and
extending the Zollverein and the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, and its Dependencies
have resolved to conclude a treaty for that purpose,
and have named as their plenipotentiaries, that is
to say—
His Majesty the King of Prussia :
M. Otho Edward Leopold von Bismarck-Schoen-
hausen, President of his Ministry of State, and
Minister of Foreign Affairs.
M. Johann Friedrich von Pommer Esche, his
actual Privy Councilor.
M. Alexander Maximilian Phillipsborn, Director
in his Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
M. Martin Friedrich Rudolph Delbriick, Director
in his Ministry for Commerce, Trade, and Public
Works.
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland :
The Right Honourable Francis Baron Napier, of
Merchiston, a peer of Scotland, a baronet of Nova
Scotia, a member of her Britannic Majesty's Privy
Council, her Majesty's Ambassador Extraordinary
and Plenipotentiary to the King of Prussia.
John Ward, Esq., her Majesty's Charg6 d'Affaires
and Consul-General to the Hanse Towns, and
Consul-General in Hanover, Oldenburg, &c., who,
after having communicated to each other their re-
spective full powers, found to be in good and due
form, have agreed upon and concluded the follow-
ing articles :
ART. I.—The subjects of the States of the Zoll-
verein who dwell either temporarily or permanently
in the dominions or possessions of her Britannic
Majesty, and the subjects of her Britannic Majesty
who dwell either temporarily or permanently in the
States of the Zollverein, shall enjoy therein, in re-
spect to the exercise of commerce and trades, the
same rights as, and be subjected to no higher or
other taxes than, the subjects of any third country
the most favoured in those respects.
ART. 2.—The produce and manufactures of the
dominions and possessions of her Britannic Majesty,
which may be imported into the Zollverein ; and
the produce and manufactures of the States of the
Zollverein which may be imported into the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, whether
intended for consumption, warehousing, re-expor-
tation, transit, shall therein be treated in the same
manner as, and in particular shall be subject to no
higher or other duties than, the produce and manu-
factures of any third country the most favoured in
those respects.
ART. 3.—No other or higher duties shall be
levied in the Zollverein on the exportation of any
goods to the dominions and possessions of her
Britannic Majesty, nor in the dominions and pos-
sessions of her Britannic Majesty, on the exporta-
tion of any goods to the Zollverein, than are or
may be levied on the exportation of the like goods
to any third country the most favoured in that
respect.
ART. 4.—The transit of goods to and from the
United Kingdom of Great Britain shall be free
from all transit duties in the Zollverein, and the
transit of goods to and from the Zollverein shall be
free from all transit duties in the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland.
ART. s.—Any favour, privilege, or reduction in
the tariff of duties of importation or exportation
which either of the contracting parties may concede
to any third Power shall be extended immediately
and unconditionally to the other.
No prohibition of importation or exportation
shall be established by either of them against the
be applicable
toot haelrl which
ns hallatio nna o. t a t the same time
The contracting parties engage not to prohibit
the exportation of coal, and to levy no duty upon
such exportation.
The preceding provisions respecting the prohibi-
tion of exportation shall not invalidate the obliga-
tions which the constitution of the Germanic Con-
federation imposes on the German States which
compose the Zollverein.
ART. 6.—With regard to the marks or labels of
goods, or of their packages, and also with regard to
patterns and marks of manufacture and trade, the
subjects of the States of the Zollverein shall enjoy
in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire

land, and the subjects of her Britannic Majesty shall
enjoy in the States of the Zollverein the same pro-
tection as native subjects.
ART. 7.—The stipulations of the preceding Arts.
1 to 6 shall shall also be applied to the Colonies and
Foreign Possessions of her Britannic Majesty. In
those Colonies and Possessions the produce of the
States of the Zollverein shall not be subject to any
higher or other import duties than the produce of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
or of any other country of the like kind ; nor shall
the exportation from those Colonies or Possessions
to the Zollverein be subject to any higher or other
duties than the exportation to the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland.

ART. B.—The present treaty shall come into force
on the Ist of July, 18G5, and shall remain in force
until the 30th of June, 1877. In case neither of the
contracting parties shall, twelve months before the
last mentioned day, have given notice to the other
of the intention to terminate the operation of the
treaty, then the same shall continue in force until
the expiration one year from the day upon which
either of the contracting parties shall have given
notice to the other to terminate the same.

ARTICLE 9.—The present treaty shall be ratified,
and the ratification thereof shall be exchanged at
Berlin in three weeks, or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries
have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the
seal of their names.

Done at Berlin the thirtieth day of May, in
the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and sixty-five.
BISMARCK SCHOIsTHAUSEN.
POM3fER-ESCHE.
PHILIPSBORN.

DELBRUCK.
NAPIER.
JOHN WARD.

The rate of mortality last week was 25 per 1,000
in London, 25 in Edinburgh, and 21 in Dublin ;
30 in Liverpool, 36 in Manchester, 36 in Salford,
in Birmingham, 32 in Leeds, 24 in Bristol, 26 in
Hull, and 29 in Glasgow. The rate in Vienna was
39 per 1,000 during the week ending the 17th ult.,
when the temperature was 1.0 deg. Fahrenheit
lower than in the same week in London, where the
rate was 21 per 1,000.

In Liverpool the births were 435, the deaths 276 ;
in Manchester the births 257, the deaths 246 ; in
Salford the births 115, the deaths 76 ; in Birming-
ham the births 212, the deaths 114 ; in Leeds the
births 280, the deaths 138 ; in Bristol the births
101, the deaths 73 ; in Hull the births 74, the
deaths 51; in Edinburgh the births 127, the deaths
84 ; in Glasgow the births 382, the deaths 238 ;
and in Dublin the births 195, the deaths 130. There
were 415 deaths in Vienna during the week ending
the 17th ult.

At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 29.701 in.
___

The barometer rose to 30.06 in. on Tuesday, and fell
to 29.12 in. on Friday. The mean temperature of the
air in the week was 59.5 deg., which is F 9 deg. below
the average of the same week in 50 years (as deter-
mined by Mr. Glaisher). The mean degree of hu-
midity of the air was 72, complete saturation being
represented by 100. Rain fell to the amount of

1.41 in., almost the whole of which fell on Friday.
On that day the rainfall at Clifton was 1.1 in., at
Birmingham 0.9 in., at Liverpool 0.1.5 in., at Wake-

field there was none.

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