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London, England, 1865-11-01 00:00:00

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dence.'

,

PRICE- 4 d.
STAMPED 511

The Captives in Abyssinia.
(Fi•ont 11w London. Gazette of rueAhry, Oct. 31.)
FOREIGN-OFFICE, Oct. 31.

The foll Owing despatch has been -addressed by
Earl Russell to Col. Stanton, her Majesty's Agent
and Con,ml-General in. Egypt :

" Foreign-office, Oct. 5.

" Sif,---Altheugh it is too late to give you miy
directions for the guidance of Mr. Bassain. beyond
those which I haVe already transmitted by telegrapll,
it may be useful, in order to prevent misconceptions
that I should enable you to state upon any proper
occasion what his been and is theipolicy of the
British Government regarding Abyssinia..
" It should -be borne in mind that Abyssinia is
composed of several distinct provinces, some of
which are separated from each other by lofty inoun-:
tains and
_by.riveri 'which are impassable 'during a
portion of the year. . _

c, Hence these different provinces have often been
ruled by separate princes or chiefs (Dedjatch) hide=
pendent of each other.

" In 1841 Capt. Harris was sent from Bombay-to
the King of Shoa, with whom he concluded a treaty
of friendship and commerce on Nov. 16, 1841.
" In the same year the ruler of Tigre Bas Oobeay,
or Übie, called Ras of Abyssinia, sent Mr. Coffin,
an English traveller, with a letter and presents for
her Majesty.-_ -
" On Mr, Coffin's arrival atCairale,w.as informed,
through Col. Barnett, in Dec., 1841, by direction
of Lord Aberdeen, that he need not proceed further
on his journey to England, and that might deliver to
Col. I3arnett any letter with which he was charged.
" Mr. Coffin accordingly deliver the letter from
Ras Übie (together with presents) to Col. Barnett,
who sent the letter to England, but it cannot be
ascertained whether the presents were also sent, the
only allusion to them being found inn despatchfrom
Col. Barnett, dated Sept. 19, 1841, in which he says
they were mill with Mr. Coffin, at Cairo.

"No reply, however, was returned to this letter,
and Ras Übie was thereupon so angry that he
threatened violence to Mr. Coffin for not bringing
him a return present from the Queen.
"In January, 1848, Lord Palmerston, with a
view to establish commercial relations with Abys-
sinia, appointed Mr. Plowden Consul for that coun-
try, and directed him to reside at Massowah.

" Mr. Plowden was informed in his letter of ap-
pointment that he was sent to •Massowah for the
protection of British trade with Abyssinia and the
countries adjacent thereto.
" Consul Plowden proceeded to Gondar and con-
cluded a Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with
Ras Ali on the 2d of November, 1849.

" By this treaty it was provided that ' his Majesty
of Abyssinia would receive an Ambassador from her
Britannic Majesty, and her Britannic Majesty
would, in the same manner, receive and protect any
Ambassador, Envoy, or Consul, whom his Majesty.
of Abyssinia, or his successors, might see fit to ap-
point.'

" But in 1854 Ras Ali was overthrown by one of
his sons-in-law, who induced the Coptic Bishop to
crown him Emperor of Abyssinia. This person was
the present Emperol:. Theodore, who, so far from
insisting on the observance of the Treaty of 1849,
refused altogether to recognise that treaty.
" Consul Plowden was told by the British Go-
vernment in 1857 that the Emperor was bound in
good faith to recognise that treaty, and that if he
objected to any of its provisions he should propose
modifications.

" nose instructions remaiustill in force:
- Coming-now- to the -imprisonment of Consul
Cameron; it, appears froth- the papers' presented tor
Parliament that after ho conveyed my letter, writ,
ten by order of the Queen, and some few pres,9Utt
to the Emperor of Abyssinia, he went to the min trAY--
of Bogos, where he employed him3elf in reconciling
sonic rival ehiefk sending on the Emperor's letter to
the Qneen to I.lafssowah by the Abyssinian mes-
senger.

"-It_appears,..turther, that the chief cause of the
Emperor's -angerC: lA' Consul-Cameron was this
journey to Bogos, coupled With the Emperor's sus-
picion. that
.Consul Oat neron had intrigued to set
the Turks and Egyptians 'of the frontier against him,
and aggravated in some degree by the • return of
Consul Cameron to Gondar wiiheut 'ally answer to
the Ethperor's letter to the Queen.-

" But from the triumph of the Emperor Theo-
dore in 1856, to the present day, the treaty has been
a dead letter.

" It may be argued that the British Government
ought to have insisted on the validity of the treaty
on the one hand, and to have protected the Emperor
of Abyssinia from the Turks on the other.
" But considering the short tenure of power in
the Abyssinian Kings, whatever be their title, the
difficulty of reaching with a regular British force
their seats of empire, the little value of a victory
gained at Gondar and Shoa, the risk of failure, and
the certainty of expense, it has seemed to the Bri-
tish Government a preferable course to withdraw,
as much as possible, from Abyssinian engagements,
Abyssinian alliances, and British interference in
Abyssinia.
" This course, however, has not been taken with-
out giving rise to groundless reproaches, many un-
founded allegations, and some embarrassing and
painful occurrences.
" Of the former class is the following bold asser-
tion, namely :
" There is reason for believing that the Em-
peror Theodore holds Captain Cameron as a hos-
tage for the recognition by England, already made
in 1849, of the independence of Abyssinia, for the
suppression of Egyptian aggressions along the
frontier, and for the restitution of the Church and
Convent at Jerusalem, torn from him and his
people by the Copts, Armenians, and Turks.
" Now, with respect to the recognition of the in-
deperdence of Abyssinia in 1849, it has been seen
that it was England that asked for the recognition
of the Treaty of 1849, and the Emperor Theodore
who refused it. But the recognition of the inde-
pendence of Abyssinia has never been withdrawn
by England.
" As to the suppression of Egyptian aggressions
along the frontier, England has from time to time
used her influence to prevent such aggressions, but
will consent to guarantee the integrity of the
Abyssinian territory.
" Such a guarantee would be, in the opinion of
her Majesty's Government, an unwise engagement
—impracticable in execution.
" The restitution of the Church and Convent of
Jerusalem is a matter which requires some further
explanation.
" Any one who follows with attention the pro-
ceedings of the Turkish Government in the various
provinces under its direct rule, must be aware that
the Christian sects, subjects of the Ottoman Porte,
frequentlypersecute one another, and that the Sultan
is often appealed to to rescue individuals and com-
munities from the maltreatment or cruelty of their
fellow-Christians.

" It appears from KirigtkcsAore:"s fetter to 111 r.
Rassam, sent- hone by that gentleman-in- his-letter
of the '.3th of SeptetaW, that thb King alleges'that
Capt. Cameron abused and denounced him as a
inurderer,' in consequence of the vengeance he took
on the persons who killed Consul Plots den and Mr;
Bell, and that when he had treated him will and
asked-him to make him (the King) a friend -of the
Queen, . Capt. Cameron went an& stayQd_a_omg
time with the. Turks, and returned to me (the
King) ;' and, inrther, that when the`lCing spoke to
Capt: Canaeron about the letter sent by him to the
Queen, be said haciili_ktFe9eivevLagy 4ntelligence
con cerning

" There is no reason to suppose that Consul
Cameron incited the Egyptian forces on the frontier
to commit aggressions on the territory of Abyssinia.
It is far more probable that the enemies of the Bri-
tish name in Abyssinia should have infused unjust
suspicions into the mind of the Emperor. But cer-
tainly Consul Cameron, in going to Bogos, acted
without orders, and incurred the displeasure of his
own Government.

" It is now to be hoped that :Sir. Rassam's expla.
nation will procure for Captain Cameron permission
to leave Abyssinia. He will be employed hereafter
in a different part of the world, and will never have
occasion to return to Abyssinia.
" I have thus explained to you that the policy of
the British Government has been founded entirely
on the desire to promote trade and intercourse with
Abyssinia.

gclier Majesty's Ambassador at the Sublime
Porte uses his good offices on such occasions, and
generally with success.

In July, 1852, Lord Malmesbury was appealed
to by Bishop Gobat, of Jerusalem, in behalf of Ras
Ali and Dedjatch Oubea, who had adopted at a
meeting at Gondar a resolution to the effect :
" That her Majesty should be required to autho-
rise you (the Archbishop) to protect and superin-
tend their countrymen visiting or residing in
Jerusalem, and to authorise the British agent re-
siding at Jerusalem to lend you (the Bishop) his
assistance for that purpose when required.'
" Lord Malmesbury's answer to this request was
very clear and decisive : _ _ _

"' I have to state to you, in reply, that her Ma-
jesty's Government cannot undertake to protect
officially the natives of Abyssinia who may chance
to be residing in the territory of the Sublime Porte.
But her Majesty's Consul at Jerusalem will be in-
structed to use his good offices for them in case of
need as members of a Christian Church in spiritual
communion with the Established Church in this
country.' "
" You will sec that the Earl of Malmesbury dis-
tinctly refused to protect officially the natives of
Abyssinia who may chance to be residing in the
territory of the Sublime Porte.'
" You. will observe also that the good offices to
be employed in their favour were intended for the
benefit of those who might chance to be residing
in the territory of the Sublime Porte.' Thus a dis-
tinction was made between those who might resort
occasionally or casually to Jerusalem and the in-
habitants of Jerusalem of Abyssinian origin who
might be accounted Turkish subjects.

44 Thus limited, both to the extent of the pro-

"I am well aware that there are persons who
wish her Majesty's Government to interfere in be-
half of Abyssinia as a Christian country, against
Turkey and Egypt as Mahomedati countries.
" But this policy has never been adopted by the
British Government, and, I trust, never will be.

" If we were to make ourselves the protectors of
the Emperor Theodore against the Sultan and his
Viceroy of Egypt, we should become responsible for
his acts, and be entangled in his quarrels with all
his neighbours and rivals.
"The obligations of the British Government are
various enough, and heavy enough, without under-
taking so costly, hazardous, and unprofitable a pro-
tectorate.

" I am, &c.

SPAIN.

" RUSSELL."

MADRID, Oct. 25.

The following circular has been addressed by the
Minister of the Interior to the governors of the
provinces :

" Whereas it has been brought to the notice of
this Ministry that certain provincial deputies show
protection to candidates, by calling attention to those
circumstances which seem most to concur in their
favour, and by endeavouring to influence the minds
of the electors by different means :
" The Government of her Majesty, which has
decided that the most absolute independence on the
part of the electoral body in giving their suffrages
should form the basis of its policy, could not hear of
such proceedings without feelings of surprise.

" Being resolved that, as a means of insuring the
liberty of the electors, no public functionary should
interfere in any way in the ensuing election of de-
puties to the Cortes, the Government cannot permit
those persons invested with official functions to put
in action the influence derived therefrom in order to
restrain the liberty of the electors by counsels, re-
commendations, or by any other means.
" Therefore, and bearing in mind that the pro-
vincial deputies are considered in this respect as
public functionaries, according to Article J. of the
Penal Sanction of 22d July, 1864, it is her Majes-
ty's will that, as has already been said repeatedly,
your excellency, using all means at your disposal,
should be careful not to allow either the provincial
deputies or any other public functionary or official
to influence, directly or indirectly, the minds of the
electors for or against those who may come forward
to solicit the suffrages of your province. Those in-
fringing the stipulations established in the law -of
Penal Sanction aforesaid your excellency will trans-
fer to the tribunals. This Inotify to your excellency,
byroyal order, for due consideration and fulfilment.
(Signed) " POSADA HERRERA.

" To his Excellency the Governor of -."

The Central Progressist Committee has addressej
the following circular to the Provincial Committee
44 To the President and Members of the Progressist
Committee of

Gentlemen,—The Congress of Deputies having,
been dissolved, this committee, whose constant de-
sires continue to be for the best success of the party
which has honoured it with their confidence, con-
siders the moment has arrived for replacing the pre-
sent committee by another which, elected in the
capital of the country, and swelled by the represen-
tatives of the provinces, shall resolve every im-
portant question which may in future arise.

This committee, having carried out the directions
it originally received, must resign its functions to the
General Junta which is to assemble in Madrid on
the 29th of the present month. This resolution
must not, however, induce the other committees to
follow our example, as the difference of their origin
and the duration of their orders, irrespective of the
grave general considerations, require the continu-
ance of their functions.
" As the formation of the new central committee
cannot be effected without the provinces select the
representatives who are to form part thereof, wo
have also thought fit to address ourselves to you, as
the president of the committee of your capital, in
order that, in accord with the committees established
iu your province, you may proceed to the election of
a representative thereof for the central committee.
" On other similar occasions the undersigned com-
mittee used to specify without delay the day on
which the body called upon to replace it should as-
semble for the commencement of its functions ; but
in view of the extraordinary events through which
Madrid is at present passing the committee leavesto
those elected for the General Assembly the appoint-
ment of the day on -which they are to meet the re-
presentatives of thuefoptua of h
provinces."
ol thevintcee p
ro
s.'
(Heree nsignatures.)gressiTt party will
be helde Generalin j
hth
Circo de Prite, on Sunday, the 29th
inst., at midday.

AGNES: By Mrs. Oliphant. 3 vols.—"' Agnes'
will certainly take a high place among Mrs. Oliphant's
writings. It is a story which is full of deep human into-
rest. Tho characters stand out almost like bodily pro-
Ben ces,
and impress upon the reader just such an idea of
their characteristics as he would be able to form did ho
know them in the life. Tho narrative is as simple as it is
beautiful. Moreover, it is pervaded throughout with a keen
humour. To those who read works of fiction for some-
thing more than the amusement of an hour this novel will
be a perfect treasure."—The Star.
THE BIRMINGHAM MAGISTRACY. The Lord
Chancellor has added the names of ten gentlemen to the
Commission of the Peace for the borough of Birmingham.
The list includes the present (Mr. henry Wiggin).
The complete returns from Colorado indicate
the adoption of the State Constitution by a very large
majority. The clause authorising negro suffrage was
defeated.