The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-22 00:00:00

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reaction may take place, and that APClellan, with
the troops at his command—veterans who have con-
fidence in him, if in none else—may meet the-Con-
federates on the soil of Maryland and defeat them.
But if this is to he done, it must be done quickly.
The moments are precious, and thousands of
people who have-a' blind but passionate faith in the
Union—who lob); upon that and that alone as the
thing worth fighting for, who care nothing about
slavery, and little about principles of Government,
would hail the presence of Mr. Jefferson Davis as a
conqueror at Washington, if lie would assume the
Presidency of the whole Union with an amended
constitution, based upon that of the Montgomery
Convention, and so reunite South and North on a
pro-slavery basis. Boston in such a contingency,
would, perhaps, re-enact the part of Charleston ;
and Massachusetts would become the South Carolina
of a new Secession ; but a large and growing party
in New York and the Middle States would rejoice
at such a solution of the difficulty, and at the oppor-
tunity of turning against the Abolitionists and
against the New England States the arguments
which these have employed against the South, and
of forcing them back into the Union with fire,
sword, proscription, and extermination, such as they
themselves have recommended in Louisiana and the
Carolinas.
Although the perilous position of Washington,
the possession of the State capitals of Maryland and
Kentucky by the Confederate armies, the danger
that menaces both Cincinnati and Louisville, and
the possibility that an attack on General Butler at
New Orleans has led to the recapture or the de-
struction of that city, are events or surmises of such
stupendous importance as to throw all minor mat-
ters into the shade, yet many of these are of a
character to claim the earnest attention both of
Americans and Europeans. In the revolutions of
most countries it has been found that the tyranny of
Governments increases in proportion to the danger
of the State. This has also been the case here.
Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Stanton, unable to touch the
"treason" of the Southern leaders, have displayed
what energy they possessed in acts of oppression
against very small traitors, only occasionally ven-
turing to arrest an antagonist of note—such as
General Stone, who was kept in captivity for a
twelvemonth, without any specific allegation against
his loyalty or his honour, and then discharged with-
out trial ; or Mr. Pierre Soule, of New Orleans, who
is still a close prisoner in Fort Lafayette, for real
or supposed offences, of the nature of which he has
never been informed. But in consequence of indi-
cations—neither few nor faint—arriving at Wash-
ington from all points of the compass within the last
fortnight that the frantic desire of the Northern
people to subdue the South, and hold it on the prin-
ciple that England holds Gibraltar and Malta, had
not entirely driven out of their minds the love of
their own liberty, the Government seems to have
made a pause in its career of illegality. The arbi-
trary arrests so constantly made were not suffered
to pass without remonstrance. Mr. Ingersoll, who
was arrested the other day in Philadelphia, and
who would undoubtedly have been consigned to
Fort M'Henry or Fort Lafayette, to pine for months
if not until the conclusion of the war, without trial,
has been suddenly released, because it came to the
knowledge of Mr. Lincoln that the people of Phila-
delphia, irrespective of party, were indignant at the
outrage on the liberty of free discussion which had
been committed in his case, and were organising a
mass meeting to protest against it. The 10 insur-
ance brokers arrested in this city have in like man-
ner been discharged, after a week's detention in
Fort Lafayette—not because the Government was
unwilling to keep them in durance, but because the
arrest was too much for the patience of the people
or the subservience of the press to tolerate. Go-
vernor Olden, of New Jersey, remains firm in his
determination to maintain the laws of that State,
invaded by the illegal detention of Colonel Wall ;
and the civil authorities of Vermont are in open con-
flict with the Provost-Marshal and the Secretary of
War. This last case is perhaps the most important of
the many that have occurred. It shows that even in
New England, which has done so much to support
the Government, and which has sent so many
thousands of unreasoning patriots to perish in pes-
tilential swamps and useless battle-fields, there is a
determination to resist the encroachment of arbi-
trary power, and to make a straggle for the liberties
of the Republic. Three persons, named Lyman,
Barney, and Field, were, it appears, arrested by
the Provost-Marshal a month ago, at a place called
Jericho, near Burlington, in Vermont, on a charge
of disloyalty, and committed to prison. Applica-
tion was made on behalf of Mr, Field to Judge
Smalley, who thereupon issued a writ of habeas
corpus to the Provost-Marshal, returnable on the
28th of August. That functionary, not knowing
what course to adopt, telegraphed to Washington
for instructions, and received a reply from the
Judge-Advocate, by order of the Secretary of War,
to the effect that he should pay no attention to the
habeas corpus for the liberation of Lyman, Barnes,
and Field, and that if any attempt were made to
rescue them he should resist to the utmost, and
transmit to the Secretary at War the names of all
concerned. The Marshal thought it expedient to
appear, though without his prisoners. He was
accompanied by his counsel, and pleaded the orders
of the Secretary of War in justification of his ree
cusancy. The Judge held that the Secretary of
War had no power to suspend the execution of the
writ, and that it was a grave question whether the
President himself could exercise it without the posi-
tive sanction of Congress. Declining to enter upon
the question at that time, he directed the Marshal
to produce the men within four hours, adding that
if he refused the Court would issue a further order
requiring him and the Sheriff to show cause, at the
next term of the Circuit Court on the 3d October,
why an attachment should not be issued against
them for contempt. The Marshal failed to produce
his prisoners, and, unless the Government shall in the
meantime be wise enough to back out of the conflict,
the case will enter into its second stage at the date
appointed. Most likely the Government will give
way. It strives to strike terror, but, not having the
courage to persevere in a course that it knows to be
illegal, it always breaks down before the decisive
moment without having inspired any other feeling
than anger and contempt. It would seem from a
War Gazette published yesterday morning that
Mr. Stanton is alarmed; though not a moment too
proceedings.siving that it may
fare ill with him ; of
soon, at the violence of his
in this and
other cases, and filet he has a misgiving
when outoffice, however
broad may be the aegis of
the President,
do
of the Constitution he .
the pbaythsehe Judge-Advocate
states
not return to
enrolment of the militia, and
document signed
the
ofVolunteers h
truthfully that
untruthfully, that the quota
the necessity
avin having
been completed in the several States,
"
for stringent enforcement of the orders of the War
Department in respect to volunteering and draug
g no hts
longer exists," and that for the future ia ait
"ar-
rests for violation of these orders and for disloyal
practices are only to be made upon express warant
/Vac
of the Judge-Advocate, or by direction of the mili-
tary commander or Governor of the State in which
such arrests may take 1
P ace-" Had this order been
issued a month ago Messrs, Barnes, Lyman, and
Field might have escaped captivity. Under the
circumstances of Mr. Stanton's repentance it is not
easy to see how they can be detained. This morning
it is further announced that the Judge-Advocate
has received instructions to visit Fort Lafayette,
examine the prisoners, and discharge such of them
as he pleases. Time will show whether some of them
will not be able to call Mr. Stanton to account be-
fore the legally established tribunals of the country
for the wrong they have suffered,

immediately fell, and paper twinned
former vahue.; owing, however, to the 1)141p:A
discussion in C:.ngthess as to ihe vque3tion of the
capital and • the' f;rorts. made by a party whose
actions are in direct hostility to the interest of busi-
ness, the money market, has been subject to con-
siderable. fluctuations. From the interior of the
provinces there.nre large rewitlanees of specie and
produce.

Nearly all our importers are holders of Federal
eh igations, which have been hypothecated to them
as security for the goods they sold to the provincial
trade; these documents, as evidences of debt by a
are now being recognised by
dtheeruirtircet government,
present, and ina few days it is expected the in-
terest and. 21 per cent. of the principal will be paid.
The honest, straightforward manner in which the
present government has met not only its own lia-
bilities, but also those of Parana, has gained for it
the countenance and support of all influential
foreigners ; and the petition signed by our city mer-
chants in favour of Senor Riestra's financial scheme
is unprecedented in the history of the Argentine
Republic.
•
Some slight disturbances have occurred in Cata-
marca. The province of Santiago interfered im-
properly, and as dangerous complications might
ensue the President elect has dispatched General
Roja to arrange pending difficulties.
There has been a revolt in Coorientes, but it is
not against the nation, merely a conspiracy of the
actual party in power to substitute another go •
vernor in place of Pampin. Gen. Mitre has, how-
ever, thought it necessary to inculcate order by
sending the Minister of War with troops to the
scene of action. General Urquiza has also pro-
mised aid in suppressing the mutiny.
Oar produce market, which had been consider-
ably depressed by the unfavourable news from
Europe, has shown greater animation this fort-
night than for some time past.
Currency has experienced no sensible fluctuation
since last mail. The price to-day is 421. Present
rates of exchange are—Bolivian silver, 21-3; per oz ;
England, 654 to 65 ; France, 82 814 811 ; .Antwerp,
811 to 811; Hamburgh, no transactions ; Genoa,
811; Spain, 3 per cent. prem. ; United States, -.1,
per cent. die.
RIO DE 'JANEIRO, AUGUST 25.
There has been but a limited supply of provi-
sions imported.

Exchange on London opened-on the 12th at 26
to 261 ; after arrival of this steamer (Estremadure)
prices remain firm at 26 to 261, closing at these
quotations ; France, 356 re. to 364 rs. ; Ilamburgh,
680 rs.

BAHIA, AUGUST 28.
Sugar has been in fair demand; prices are firm.
No sales of coffee of importance have been effected,
but holders are demanding higher prices ; the last
sales of Nazareths was at mils. 5,700. Small lots
of cocoa have been disposed of.
Freights for the Channel and British ports 47s 8d
and 458. per ton. Exchange has varied between
261 26Z and 261 ; on Paris 36 ors. Transaqlons
by the Estremadure amount to 50,000. DA the im-
port market last sales of Irish butter, 680 rs. and
660 rs. per pound; French ditto., i3O rs. to 620 rs.
per pound.

cearlierpresent t
k :to r
1p
usual the
aukted,
PERNANBUCO, AUGUST 30.
Thehaving greatest
of tragar
stock at the sugar estates are almost exh ,
and the new sugar cannot appear at market before
are nominal restenptatrot
m of
mar
theke t
October. Quotations for whits and yellow qualities
, as there is no stock at hand.
beena
Freights.—There are but few vessels in port ;
produce is scarce, and only one charter effected for
Liverpool at 225. 6d. per ton. For sugar, ballast,
and cotton, K.I. per pound. In exchange about
£50,000 has been negociated on London at 264 per
milrie ; and 100,000 f. on Paris, at 360 re. per
franc, all at 90 days' sight.
MONTEVIDEO, AUGUST 16.
The Senate has adopted the Anglo-French con-
vention.

_______.
HE CONDITION OF GARIBALDI.

A private letter has been received from Mr. P. A.
Taylor, M.P., dated Spezzia, Sept. 17 ; the follow..
ing extracts from which have been forwarded to us
for publication :
" We went by boat to the fortress this morning, some five
miles off. The general's room and surroundings are too
barrack like for any idea of comfort as an Englishman un-
derstands it, but to a soldier these things neither seem nor
are what they would both seem and be to us under similar
conditions ; still I think there is too much bustle, too many
managers and so forth. I felt a want to put a despot there,
who should rule with a firm hand and with unseen and un-
heard authority--a Florence Nightingale or a Jessie Mario.
The main elements, however, of interest and affection are
evidently there, and probably to hardly any other man
could the little overmuch of bustle be so innocuous ; his
calm, his wonderful serenity of demeanour seem not to heed,
still less to be excited by the surroundings.
When Mr. Partridge went into his room to examine the
wound, &c., I remained in an ante-room, not liking to add
another to the already sufficient number. Presently, how-
ever—the examination being over—Garibaldi sent for
lale,
and held out his hand. I have already given you above
in two words the impression produced at the moment, and
returning after—wonderful serenity. Calm, courteous,and
tranquil; thankful for the least service rendered by any of
his attendants ; an utter absence of anything like the
peevishness of a suffering man, yet without any appearance
of pressure or the exorcise of control over himself. It was
an
atmosphere of moral elevation.
,4I expressed in a few words the profound symPathy
we all feel for and with him, and which I felt justified in
rowing was shared by all England. He thanked me
warmly, or rather earnestly, and said it was not tho first
time he had had to express his thants to my country. I
expressed also the hope that ho would be able to main-
tain that quiet and rest so ev.,ential to his early recovery,
as Italy and all of us would have much aced of him. Re
acquiesced, :old presently pointed to a seat by the bedo
hoping Would
Tki, doctor, soon
conclpardonuded their consultation, talk much.'
leave, and we took
that he could not
"He appears less ill than I was prepared to
but his limbs are, they say, much fallen find him,
away. Whilsg
were there he was supporting himself in a Bitting posture
we
osture
by grasping a rope stretched above him. Ile the bear no
motion of the leg without great sufferifag, and there is evi-
dence that the necessity of remaining in one posture is pro-
ducing that soreness so distressing to the invalid. A kind
lady, Mrs. Sehwabe, has already obtained a water bed from
Paris, and it is also to obviate this danger that I asked you
to send out
telegram. the surgical apparatus mentioned in
my
"The injury consists of a gunshot wound, half an inch
in length, over the internal ankle, which has been broken
off and the joint laid open. Some portion of the garments
were driven into the wound, but the ball did not enter, The
wound is free from inflammation, and the patient is, as
regards his general health, in a not unsatisfactory condition.
The great necessity is perfect quiet.
" There have been rumours of an intention on the part of
the Government to move him. It can be but foolish
rumour. There can be no such intention. It would be
murder. Months must elapse before the injury can be
cured ; and there is fear that there may remain a stiff joint,
The appearance of the wound is healthy, and the suppura-
tion is also free and satisfactory. His condition is a little
under the maik, and I think Mr. Partridge will gradually
try if he cannot stand a more generous diet. There has
been no bleeding, which is a mercy ; merely the application
of leeches.

"The Government arc acting very unwisely in main-
taining—as I hear in several quarters they are—much
mystery about Garibaldi's condition. I have seen a gentle-
man from Naples, who says that much irritation prevails
in the south, and especially in Sicily, under the idea that
their hero is being intentionally neglected. lam persuaded
that there is no ground for this. Two or three of his medi-
cal attendants are personal friends and fellow-prisoners, so
that there is not room for such suspicion, and the conduct
I have referred to on the part of the Government ig the
more incomprehensible and weak."

The number of visitors to Ostend this season
seems likely to exceed that of the exceptional year 1857.
On the Ist October of that YeAt the number attained was
15,000; in the present year at the present time 14,643
have been inscribed,

Azor,"
principal character, in which she made a de:
Gretry's pretty operetta," Zetnire and
has just been revived at the Opera-Cota Nue, with Atine
Baretti in the i
de-
cidedly favourable improssam, and
prOD3iBCB to become a
valuable aoq
ttisition.

VSPAPEIt

*'l/4 14,
0444
I.l,tzakitlM. •
(Per French mail steamer Estremadure, ziufibtl , S
Beaux.)
" BUENOS AYRE, AUGUST 14.
sltteOhe sailing of the British packet
Congress
hus.beedko engrossed in the capital question that
01l measures of an industrial natpro.am bought iu
a stand-Ail!.
Senor Ricstrar re vonding to the appeal of the
governor and of the whole commercial body,- both
foreign and native, in this city, has resumed sitgoe
as 11 inister of ll:teienda.