The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-18 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING,

THE SUN,

not less. But we must riot ask such questions

now.
The third case was a hal! ludicrous one. Again
official information was not wanted, for the navy
department had been inform ally apprised that Com-
mander WOODHALL, of the United States steamer
Connecticut, recently exacted as a condition of the
release of members of the crew of the British
schooner Adeline, captured for breach of the blockade,
that they should enter into an engagement not to
be employed in a similar proceeding in future.
The engagement seems to have been demanded in a
solemn way indeed, for Lord LYONS, adverting to
Mr. SEWARD'S letter, says, "it refers to the circum-
stances of an oath having been ,exacted as a con-
dition of release, by the Commancter of the United
States steamer, from three British seamen, captured
for breach of blockade, to the effect that they should
undertake not to be employed in tiimilar proceed-
ings for the future." Happily Lord LYONS could
add, " Your Lordship will see that Mr. SEWARD
strongly condemns this act, and relea;aes the seamen
from the obligation taken by them."
Mr. SEWARD'S reasoning, addressed to the Sec-
retary of the Naval Department, is as sound
as could be wished, and again it is spontaneous ;
he argues thus :—" It may be lawful to
detain such persons as witnesses, when their
testimony may be indispensable to the admi-
nistration of justice; but when captured in a neu-
tral ship, they cannot be considered, and ought not
to be treated, as prisoners of war. ANGUS SMITH,
JOHN MOONEY, and JOHN H.III`IIENRY, the alleged
British subjects above referred to, are consequently
to be considered as absolved from the obliga-
tion represented to have been required of
them by Commander WOODHALL.
Macte Yirtute, WILLIAM H. SEWARD ! We
shall certainly have no more such months
as that of this year's midwinter, if you
proceed as you have done since your Trent
dispatch. A few such acts are worth fifty
long lawyerlike letters. We may wish that they
had preceded a threatened quarrel, but it is not in
Englishmen to forgive by halves. If the quarrel is
shown by acts to be really over on the side of the
aggressive party, we aro just the people heartily to
accept a better understanding, and to act upon it
as if nothing had happened. Federal commanders
will soon know the better policy of their Govern-
ment, and prompt explanations and redress will be
quickly followed, by avoiding all occasion for them.

Mr. TIIWAITES' last document upon the subject
of a Southern embankment of the Thames, appears
to us not only very remarkable but—as nearly as
possible —conclusive. It is closely reasoned through-
out, And it is reasoned throughout, moreover, quite
calmly and dispassionately—not as if upon a fore-
gone conclusion. Let any indifferent member of the
general public turn to the perusal of this argument,
given in extenso in another column of our impression
of this evening—and glance through it, however
cursorily, and it will be impossible for him not to re-
cognise the cogency of the various reasons adduced
in favour of adding at once to the project of a
Northern embankment, the companion scheme of a
Southern embankment. The embankment upon the
North shore of the Thames is a thing, as we all
know, decided upon. The arrangements are all
marked out. The funds are calculated and
for that matter tolerably well provided for
already. A Commission has scrutinised the
whole difficulty from first to last, and, aided by
the wondrous powers of modern engineering skill,
has come to the recognition of the precise manner
in which that same difficulty is to be vanquished.
C'est un fait accompli. Time alone is now want-
ing—as time advances funds will be daily forth-
coming—and gradually, bit by bit, the Northern
Embankment of the Thames will rips from the
ooze, and mud, and litter, and squalor now dis-
figuring so frightfully the margin of the noble
stream bisecting the grandest city in the world—
the grandest not, alas, architecturally, but in dimen-
sions, in wealth, in industry, and in population.
As the northern embankment rises, however, into
existence it will absolutely necessitate a southern
embankment. Mr. TIIIVAITES' whole argument
goes quite clearly, and to our thinking, quite un-
answerably to prove this. It is visible already,
upon the mere anticipation of what will follow from
the effects of a northern embankment of the river
Thames, that a southern embankment must—by ne-
cessity—confront it. And in maintaining this much,
we are not alluding to the force of appearances.
That alone, we are satisfied, would prove in the end
imparative. But we set aside the consideration of
the painful contrast that would glare upon us im-
mediately upon the completion of the northern
embankment. We set aside that as a matter
for after consideration. We tarn rather to exa-
mine into the actual necessities of the case as
they are already recognizable. And we there sec
to begin with—we can't possibly help seeing—that
it is a positive question of safety, not of appear-
ances merely, not of simple convenience, but a posi-
tive question of safety our at once coupling with
the scheme (already decided upon) of a northern
embankment, the scheme (not yet decided upon) of
a southern embankment.

Mr. TIIWAITES in his way of putting this is very
plain spoken indeed. He says, " The plan already
reported on for the northern side demands the remo-
val of very large quantities of deposit frcm the shoals
in the river many of which immediately adjoin the
southern shore. The operation will have a great
tendency to cause a constant settlement towards
the deepened portion of the river's bed, and conse-
quent injury to the piling, wharf walling, and
other defences on that side. Some of these are
already old and decayed, or were originally but
imperfectly adapted to their situation, and hence we
may conclude that it will be necessary to provide a
solid wharf wall along all that part of the southern
shore which fronts the embankment previously
recommended." There is nothing whatever to be
said in answer to this. It is the most reason-
able argument that could well be brought
forward. And it certainly does appear to us as
forcible as could be wished. But it is not all.
" There is," writes the Chairman of the Metropo-
litan Board of Works, " another urgent reason for
a southern embankment, which must exercise a
considerable influence on the framing of any scheme
for that side, namely, its constant liability to in-
jury from flooding. The extent of this evil, its
heavy pressure on the large labouring popula-
tion of the parishes adjoining the river, the misery,
sickness, and death produced by its periodical
recurrence, with the consequent heavy charges
on the rates, can only be thoroughly appreciated
by those who have themselves witnessed its
effects." Now those two arguments alone—in
favour of the southern embankment—supposing
we could recognise no other, we should deem in
every way sufficient. Yet are they very far, indeed,
from being the only ones. Thre is the certainty—
already hinted at in the outset of thew remarks— •
the manifest certainty of a contrast of the most lamen-
table kind being presented to view immediately upon
the completion of the embankment of the river upon
the north. Discreditable though the delapidation
and filth bordering the Thames must be allowed
even now to be—contrasting as the solitary dilapi-
dation of the southern bank will then do with the a'

stately and orderly effect of the northern embank-
ment, we shall have no choice whatever before us

as to the construction of the southern embankment
with all convenient speed. But meanwhile the
already perilous weakness of the walls and so forth,
along the southern shore, will have been dread-
fully enhanced, the periodical floodings will have
been miserably multiplied, and the general
wretchedness, and insalubrity, and discomfort of
the adjacent densely populated quarters of the
metropolis will have been deplorably increased.
By taking time by the forelock in this matter
we shall ward off from nearly one moiety of the
capital a dreadful series of miseries and expensive
I makeshifts. It will be as well to remember be-
times, therefore, in regard to this still undecided
question of a Southern Embankment, one or two
points really worthy of serious consideration.
Let it be remembered, for example, that
the localities to the south of the Thames, while
they are, all things considered, poorer than those to
the north, are more thickly peopled, and at the
same time lie much lower than the level of the
river. The expense of carrying out the double
scheme is as nothing. It will be an economy in
the end.

FLAG PROMOTIONS 1N THE .ROYAL

NAVY.

In consequence of the death of Admiral of the
Red Sir Edward Durnford King, Kt., K.C.H., the
following promotions will take place, dated from
the 15th inst. :

Admiral of the White Sir Thomas John Cochrane,
G C. 8., to be Admiral of the Red.
Admiral of the Blue Henry Hope, K.C.8., to be
Admiral of the White.

Vice-Admiral of the Red the Right Hon. Maurice
FrederickFitzhardinge, Lord Fitzhardinge,G.C.B.,
to. be Admiral of the Blue.
Tice-Admiral Hayes O'Grady, on the reserved
list, to be Admiral on the same list.
Vice-Admiral of the White Sir James Hanway
Plum ridge, K.C.8., to be Vice-Admiral of the Red.
Vice-Admiral of the Blue Sir Henry Sohn Leeke,
K.C.8.„ K.H., to be Vice-Admiral of the White.
Rear- Admiral of the Red Thomas Bennett to be
Vice-Admiral of the Blue.

Rear-A.dmirals Follett W. Pennell, William A.
B. Hamil,';on, Edward Purcell, and Sir Charles
Elliott, K.G.8., on the reserved list,
,to be Vice-
Admirals on the same list. _

Rear-Admiral of the White Joseph Nias, C. 8.,
to be Rear-Admiral of the Red.
Rear-Admiral of the Blue the Right Hon. Lord
Clarence Edward Paget, C. 8., to be Rear-Admiral
of the White. _ _

Captain the Hon. Joseph Denman to be Rear-
Admiral of the Blue.

Retired Vice-Admirals Edward Gambier, Her-
cules Robinson, and Thomas Dick are entitled to
the rank and title of retire d Admirals ; and retired
Rear-Admiral Theobald Jones to be retired Vice-
Admiral.

His Excellency the French Ambassador and the
Countess de Flahault entertained a select party at dinner
on Wednesday evening, at Coventry House.
The Duchess of Montrose and Lady Violet
Graham are on a tour in Italy, Her grace will not return
to England until April.
The Marquis and Marchioness of Bath have ar-
rived at Tottenham Park on a visit to the Marquis and
Mar, hioness of Ailesbury.
Sir George C. and Lady Theresa Lewis enter-
tained a select party at dinner last evening at Kent House.

The expedition against the Confederate batteries
on the Potomac was expected to sail shortly.

The Earl and Countess of Derby have arrived at
their mansion in St. James's-square from Knowsley-park,

Lancashire.

Lieutenant-Colonel and Mrs. Wheatley are
expected in town in a few days from the Continent.
THE NEW CHINESE PREMIER.—The Prince was

of middle stature, his face cleanly shaven, with a naturally
high forehead, which looked still loftier from the manner
in which he wore his turned-up mandarin hat, far back upon
his shaven crown,. His features were good, being far more
regular than is usual with Chinamen, but his eyes were
small and on a level with his forehead, which is the great
peculiarity of tho rac.o7 who may sdranct be said to have no
eyelids, and very small apertures for their eyeballs to ap-
pear through. He looked round upon the assembled "bar-
barians" almost with a scowl, but this supercilious, sneering
expression may have partly resulted from his most strangely
set eyes. He was dressed in mandarin robes, the only pecu-
liarity in his clothes being that there were figures of the
Imperial dragon embroidered upon his sleeves and shoulders,
and that, instead of a coral or other button upon the top
of his hat, he wore only a small twisted knot, made of scar-
let silk, very much like that upon the Emperor's cap found
on his bed in the Summer Palace. It is most difficult to
give an accurate estimate of his age from his face, as the
absence of all hair upon it gave him a youthful air, which,
however, was contradicted, upon examining him more
closely, by a worn-out expression indicative of debauchery,
so very common with Asiatic potentates. He might have
been, in fact, any age from 20 up to 35, and I believe that
his exact number of years was a mean between these two
figures. He looked a boy as well as a gentleman, among
the crowd of bilious, bloated, small-pock-marked and hide-
ous-looking faces of the mandarins who surrounded him,
and with whom ho frequently took counsel during the course
of the proceedings.—Wolseley's War with China in 1860.
MR. SMITH O'BRIEN AND HIS PROPERTY.—
Mr. Smith O'Brien says :—" Applications for money are
addressed to me, day after day, on the supposition that I am
the owner of the estates which were bequeathed to me by
my grandfather ; and even some of my nearest relatives are
unacquainted with the exact circumstances in which I am
at present placed." He has, therefore, published a state-
ment, from which it appears that in 1848, before the out•
break of the Irish rebellion, he executed two deeds, assign.
ing the whole of his property to his eldest brother, Lord
Inchiquin, and Mr. W. Greig, a personal friend—to be held
by them in trust for the use of his wife and children. On his
return from exile, he "lived with Mrs. O'Brien and his
family, at the family residence of Cahernioyle, and was per-
mitted by Mrs, O'Brien to enjoy the rents and profits of the
said estates, and to enjoy the said trust premises as he had
formerly done, tut 'the receipts were given in the form fol-
lowing, that is to say, Trustees of William S. O'Brien.' "
Mrs. O'Brien died in June last, and immediately afterwards
Mr. S. 0 Brien called upon the trustees "to re-convey to
him the estates granted by the deed of 1848, to which de-
mand they declined to accede, as they were apprehensive that
they could not legally or with propriety comply therewith ;
but the said W. S. O'Brien insists that it is against equity
and good conscience that he should be held bound by the
said deeds." He hasthreatened proceedings in Chancery to
compel the trustees 4‘ to execute a re conveyance, and at
other times it has been stated by the said William Smith
O'Brien that he intended to defeat the said deeds by effect-
ing- a sale of the lands comprised in them to a purchaser for
value." Under these circumstances the trustees have filed
a petition in the Irish Court of Chancery, praying to be re-
lieved from further responsibility in relation to the deeds,
and that the trusts may be administered under the direction
of the Court.

Mr. John Mungall, whose sudden death, at
Edinburgh, appeared in the Era last week, has left the bulk
of his fortune, £2,000, to Mr. Gourlay, a brother Scotch
comedian, a native of Ceres, Fifeshire, both being pupils of
the celebrated Mackay. We understand Mr. Mungall ac-
cumulated his property in Australia.—Era•

THE FLEXMOItE MONUMENT.—After many de-
lays, which have originated in the necessity for complying
with the regulations in force at Kensal-green Cemetery,
this memorial of our popular Pantomimist is now completed.
The monument consists of a double plinth, surmounting a
noble pedestal, with base and cornice moulding. The upper
part of the pedestal has, on the angles, four masked head.,
reprezenting Tragedy and Comedy on one side, and Music
and Poetry on the other, suspending on the four sides fes-
toons of oak and ivy leaves bound with ribbons. On the
front is carved, in relief, a tambourine, walking-stick, and
fancy slippers, with an urn entwined with a laurel wreath
The height of the whole monument, complete, is 9 feet 6 in.
The design, furnished by Mr. Richard Wynn Keene, an
artist so fan:iliar to the public under his punning pseudonym
of Dykwynkyn, has been ably executed by Mr. John
Chapman, sculptor, 23, East-place, Walworth. The fol-
lowing is the inscription :

In Memory of
RICHARD FLEXMORE GATTER,
who died August 20th, 1860.
" A fellow of infinite jest."—SHAKSPERE.

This Tribute, in estimation of Worthiness and Talent, is
Erected by Sincere Friends and Fellow Artists.
The day at present fixed for th' last tribute to be paid to
the memory of the clever and esteemed pantomimist is
Wedne,day, the 26th inst., when the monument will bo
placed over his grace.—Era.

THE AMERICAN HOSTILE STEAMERS.—SOUTH-
AMPTON, Friday Evening.—The Nashville (Confederate)
and Tuscarora (Federal) steam-ships, are still quietly lying
here, and there is no appearance at present of either of them
taking their departure. The Tuscarora took a cruise yes-
terday, but to-day she has not left her moorings. The un-
easy feeling existing here during the past week or ten days
respecting them is now quietly settling down.

JANUARY 18, 1862.

LATEST NEWS.

AMERICA.

LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY MORNING.

The Royal Mail steamer Persia, from Halifax on
the 6th instant, passed Holyhead at 9 a.m. She is
expected to arrive at Liverpool between 2 and 3
p.m.

MADRID, JAN. 17.

M. Adolph Barrot, French Ambassador to this
Court, has received the Grand Cross of the Order
of St. Maurice.

It is said that tho official announcement will
shortly be made that the Queen is enceinte.

PARIS, JAN. 17.
Monsignor Chigi has brought an autograph letter
from the Pope to the Emperor Napoleon.

TURIN, JAN. 17

In .to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies
Signor Brofferio addressed a question to the Minis-
try respecting the Peter's-pence contributions. Be
called the attention of the Government to the pro-
ceedings of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, ana
said :—" The activity of Lamoriciere and Chiavoni
is due to these Peter's -pence contributions. We are
in a state of war with the King of Rome. We must
enforce the penal law against those who are in cor-
respondence with our enemies, and who furnish
them with money and arms."
Baron Ricasoli replied :—" These Peter's pence
ruin the Catholic religion. Their object is war
against the nation; but, of all the countries in the
world, Italy has contributed the least. The amount
of the subscriptions in Italy is so small that it is
not worth while to attach any importance to them.
The Pope is no King, but the chief of the Catholic
religion. Our institutions forbid any measures
which might lead to an inquiry into the inten-
tions of those who subscribe."

The Chamber, on the conclusion of the discus-
sion, passed to the order of the day.

ROME, JAN. 16.
A detachment of French troops has entered
Alatri, and arrested 10 Bourbon officers.
Alatri will be jointly occupied by French and
Papal gendarmes.

CONSTANTINOPLE, JAN. 11.
An Imperial Hatt was read to-day at the Porte
promising immediate financial reforms.
The payment of all official salaries has been
stopped until March.

It is reported that the Bulgarian emigrants in
Russia are ill-treated and universally desire to

return.
The system of farming the taxes has been re-
sumed.
There have been many wrecks in the Black Sea,
attended with great loss of life.
Exchange on London remains stationary.

BOMBAY, DEC. 27.

Shirtings dull, and declining ; mule twist dull,
and quotations unaltered. The cotton-market is
paralysed by the news of the arrest of Messrs.
Mason and Slidell. Copper tile, 56r. ; Malwa
opium, 1,475r5. per chest.
Exchange on London, 2s Oid.
Government Securities—Fours, 861; Fives, 981
Five-and-Halfs, 1051.

Freight for cotton to Liverpool, 47s 6d to 50s.

(BY TELEGRAPH TO BOMBAY.)

CALCUTTA, DEC. 26.

Shirtings tending downwards; mule twist ad-
vancing; copper declining; indigo and rice active
at previous quotations ; linseed quiet.
Exchange on London, 2s lad to 2s ltd.
Government Securities—Fcur per Cents., 87 to
871 ; Five and a Half per Cents., 1051 to 106.
Freights, 65s to 755.

LISBON, JAN. 17.

The Messageries Imperiales Company's steamer
Estremadura, from the Brazils, arrived here at 2
a.m. to-day. She brings.lss,ooof. in specie.

RIO JANEIRO, DEC. 25.
Exchange on London, 254 to 253 ; Paris, 364 to
368.

Coffee—Good first, 6,400 to 6,600 reis; shipments
since the departure of the English mail steamer,
30,450 bags, including 17,300 for the Channel ;
stock, 300,000 bugs. Freights for the Channel, 50s.
to 60s.

At Bahia exchange on London was quoted 251;
Paris, 365. StiE;ar, 2,600 to 2,700 reis. Cotton,
10,500 to 11,000 reis.

PERNAMBUCO, DEC. 31.

Exchange on :London, 26a ; Paris, 360 to 362.
Sugar, white, 3,200 ; brown, 2,000 reis. Cotton,
10,500 reis.

The Royal Mail steamer Tyne arrived at Per-
nambuco on the 251t.h ult.

F -11,ANCE.

BOURSE, Jan. IT..—The market has been very
buoyant, and a rather large amount of business has
been transacted at ;a n advance on the closing rates
of the previous day . Threes are now at 69f 50c.
Railways firm.
The following are the last quotations :
ft per per Cents ... 9 7 10, Credit Foncier 1240
Do. end month.... 25 Belgian 41 —
3 per Cents
Do. end month 69 50 ' Roman
Bank Shares 20.50 —1 Austrian
Credit Mobilier.... 735 i Spanieh Threes 47 75
Do. Account 737 50 home Debt .. 46 75

RAILWAYS.
Cash. Account.
Orleans
Northern
New ditto . 915
Lyons and Died: lerranean 1038 75 .. 1040
Geneva
Southern.
Western ..... . .
Eastern
Sardinian......
Austrian ....
Lombard ..... 530 531 25

POLAND.
(FROM 0 ttR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
WARSAW, 11th JANUARY.
The clnfliet wh ic h for nearly a year has been going
on between the Pc as and their Russian oppressors
is by no means limited to that part of Poland
generally styled '" Russian Poland," it extends to
other ancient dor minions like Galicia and the Grand
Duchy of Posen. Thus in Lemberg, national mani
festations such :as were held in this city are of
frequent occurrt ce, and the patriotic hymns are
sung in spite of th e interference of the authorities,
who, in many hist antes, are compelled4to give way
to the popular oothurst. A certain latitude being
left to the Press, several Polish journals published
here, and particula.rly the Czas at Cracow, keep up
the patriotic flame t 7 diffusing reliable information
on the state of thin gs in Russian Poland. This
freedom of publicati 7n may be ascribed to a not
very friendly feeling that exists between Austria
and Russia, the form e'r having been now convinced
of the heavy fine it is paying for her share in the
partition of Poland ; and lam not the only one to
suppose that she v could willingly abandon her
prey, provided it did: not fall into the paws of
Muscovy.

In the Grand Duc'hy of Posen, where all satanical
means are employed. to destroy the Polish element,
under the plausible pretext of diffusing among the
Poles the German civilisation, the same feeling of
patriotism, the same national spirit prevails. This
has been exemplified in the recent elections, which
turned out in Xavour of the Poles, and we shall soon,

I dare say, hear them ring their complaints and
sufferings into the ears of their German colleagues
in the Prussian Diet at Berlin. Indeed, as it was
observed by an Austrian Ambassador at Paris, " the
Polonism is raising up its head" over the whole ex-
tent of its ancient land. Not long ago the Rev. Mr.
Tomicki, curate of the parish of Wozniki, had been
brought before the judiciary court at Kosten on the
charge of having pronounced a discourse on the
anniversary of the national fete of John Sobieski.
He offered to defend himself, but in the Polish lan-
guage, to which he was fairly entitled by the royal
patent letters of 1815, and the decree of the Royal
Chancery of Berlin. The court, after a short de-
liberation, refused to acquiesce with the request of
the curate, who retired by protesting against such
monstrous treatment. He was ultimately con-
demned to three months' imprisonment.
Another occurrence with regard to the employ-
ment of the Polish language took place during the
elections. In the town of Kozmin the electors re-
turned, as their deputy,Mr. Niegolewski, one of the
chiefs of the Polish party, who, on the same day,
received an official notice to that effect from the
Prussian Commissary. Mr. Niegolewski declined
to receive the notice because it was
written in German, and the postman was
obliged to nail up the letter on Mr.
Niegolewski's door, who up to this day has not
acknowledged the receipt stamp. This shows
plainly that the systematic persecution of the
Prussian Government is far from being successful.

The Russians who arrive here from St. Peters-
burg (I do not speak of the officials) bring no cheer-
ing news with them, and do not appear to be more
satisfied with the liberal and paternal Government
of the Czhr, Alexander 11., than the Poles are.
These assertions are corroborated by the cruel.
punishments inflicted on several Russian officers
and men of letters who had been discovered con-
spiring against the present system of government
in Russia, by the closing of the St. Petersburg
university, and by stifling the spirit of freedom
which, despite of ukases and knouts, penetrates into
Russia, and pervades the intelligent part of the
population. The Emperor Alexander may no
doubt possess a great deal of bonhomie, but nurtured
as he was in the love of amusement and Asiatic
splendours, he is addicted to them, and can hardly
live without them. Opera court balls, sports of
every kind, engage his attention as much as the
mighty and intricate affairs of his shaky empire.
How, therefore, can he avoid the shoals and dangers
by which he is beset, and willing as one is to make
every allowance for the Emperor's good disposition
it is dreadful to contemplate the catastrophe now
menacing this colossal empire. Such is the opinion
of the Russians themselves, both in their own coun-
try and abroad, and also that the present dynasty
cannot much longer occupy the throne of Russia.
The absorbing matter is still the closing of the
churches. The Government has, in its official organ,
endeavoured to show that the wrong was with the
Canon Prialobrzeski, and published several refuta-
tions of the facts repeated by the press in France
and in England. But as not a single fact has been
disproved, the impression of the Russian barbarities
remains as strong as ever. In some towns of the king-
dom a relaxation from the present state of siege has
been promised; it chiefly relates to the places in-
habited by the German settlers, who are always
favourites with the Russians. As to Warsaw, the
usual daily quondam of sentences and deportations
to Siberia seems to be the only occupation of the
Governor-General and his tools. But for that, the
Russians would be tired of doing nothing, since
balls or other entertainments are impracticable.
The invitations sent to the Polish aristocracy by
General Ludors to a State ball met with so many
polite excuses as to lead to the abandonment of the
same. Efforts are being made to open the theatre,
and the price of the tickets has been lowered; but
the people's hearts here are so filled with sorrow
that they prefer prayer and solitude to any public
amusement. I fear Warsaw, for a long time to
come, will be for the Poles a city of mourning and
desolation.