The Sun.
London, England, 1865-09-22 00:00:00

rHE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 22 1865.

tor of nuisances, but those worthies are too apt to
remain at home waiting till the nuisance finds them
out instead of their finding the nuisance out. The
landlords are, in many instances, both in town and
country, most grievously to blame ; but what can '
we expect when the holder of an estate can contrive
to defy the law which requires him to keep his
cottages in a decent and habitable state? The
landlords of the fever nests of the metropolis must
be perfectly well aware of the condition of their
property, but they do not seem to feel that every
death caused: by preventible evils in their property
lies at their doors. Complaint after complaint is
made in vain. The owner pushes them off with
the assertion that those sort of people. are always
grumbling, and think of nothing less than of calliug
in plumber and painter to -his aid. There is not
much chance for a poor man in complaining about
the bad drainage, the deficient water, or other evils.
If he does not like the place he may move ; Alvin
not be long empty. Plenty more will be ready to
lead the forlorn hope against the fever if he is un-
willing ; and so case after case of sickness occurs
and poisons the air of the district. Low food and
ignorant treatment perpetuate the infection, and a
regular fever nest is kept up. It is surely not too
much to expect that the law, which is always
prompt enough in coming to the assistance of
landlords against refractory tenants, should enforce
the plain public duty that every man who owns a
house shall keep it fit for human habitation.
Whether or no any clause or statute provides this
now, it is quite certain that the rule is not ob-
served, but that many house and land-owners re-
ceive rents for houses and cottages in which
health is almost an impossibility. The local
authorities of those districts in which fever and
malaria are so common as to be recognised fea-
tures should at once begin instituting inquiries.
They should look to the drainage, the water sup-
ply, and the means of ventilation. They should
see to the dust-bins, the refuse heaps, the unpaved
yards, the nuisances of the neighbourhood. Why
do they defer these duties till cholera is knocking
at the doors ? Typhus has been with us long
enough without rousing them into action, yet if
the district authorities had set about the work as
heartily as they are now confronting the cattle
plague, the state of the public health might have
been far more satisfactory. Our mortality does
not decrease in proportionate ratio with the in-
crease of our scientific knowledge ; but how can
we expect it to do so when we refuse to act upon
well-ascertained discoveries. The general public is
indifferent on the matter, and' it needs the whole
course of the immortal fable in which it was
necessary for the bull to drink the water before all
the machinery could be set in action to get the old
woman's pig over the stile ! Public feeling must
be aroused and set to work to stir up the rate-
payers to induce them to influence the municipal
authorities and obtain the efficient administration
of the laws. If those laws are not sufficiently
stringent another session should not be allowed to
pass without obtaining the necessary powers, for
the present condition of many of our courts and
alleys is a disgrace to the civilisation of the age.

AUSTRIA.

VIENNA, SEPT. 21, Evening.

The Abendpost (evening edition of the official
Wiener Zeitung) in a leading article upon the Im-
perial Manifesto, states the motives for suspending
the validity of the fundamental law upon the Re-
presentation of the Empire•
TheAbendpost points out the impracticable nature
of the fundamental law upon the Representation
proclaimed in the February patent, and declares the
course now about to be pursued to be the only pro-
per mode of arriving at an understanding with
llungary mad. Croatia :
_

" The suspension of the fundamental law on the
Representation by no means involves the suspension
of the Constitutional state of things throughout
the Empire generally, for the February patent does
not of itself form the constitution of the monarchy,
which, as is even expressed in Art. 6 of that Patent,
consists of the collection of fundamental laws, some
revised that were previously in force, and others
others newly enacted.
" That the constitutional state of things through-
out the monarchy will not be suspended is also gua-
ranteed by the provincial diets being called to con-
stitutional activity at the moment of the suspension
of the fundamental law. But the suspension of the
working of the Reichsrath necessarily involves that
of the lesser Reichsrath, whose continuance would
be absolutely impossible. The constitutional sys-
tem granted by the Emperor will now only become
a fact, and the obstacles which have eposed its
realisation will be removed."

VIENNA, SEPT. 22.

The official Wiener Zeitung of to-day reproduces
an article of the General Correspondenz, stating that
a new Austrian loan will be contracted through
M. M. Rothschild and some English capitalists.

RUSSIA.
ST. PETERSBURG, SEPT. 22.
The Journal de St. Petersbourg of to-day says :
" The views expressed by the 31oniteur respecting
the reserve maintained by Russia on the question of
the Duchies are unjust. Russia has from the be-
ginning not Concealed her opinion of the conflict
between Denmark and the two German Powers,
which she csmsidered had not remained on the ground
of European trpties. She did not, however, think
proper to encourage the Danish Government in
illusions that could not be realised. Russia does not
like words where corresponding deeds no not follow.
Russia will act as she did two years ago, whenever
her interests shall require it, But it is her own
affair to judge whether the necessity for acting
exists."

FRANCE•
PARIS, SEPT. 22

The Moniteur of to-day says : •
" The newspapers are occupied with predictions
of a change in the members and policy of the
Government, and go so far as to fix the 14th
October as the day when these events will take

MYSTERIOUS DEATH OF A LADY FROM POISONING.
—Yesterday Mr. C. J. Carttar, coroner for West
Kent, resumed an inquiry (which had been three times
adjourned), into the circumstances attending the death of
Mrs. Elizabeth Reeve, aged 40, the wife of a veterinary
surgeon, residing at 52, Ashburuham-grove, Greenwich. '
The death is alleged to have occurred through the admi-
nistration of a certain deadly. poison known as veratria, or
white hellebore. The jury on the previous occasiong had
merely met, but did not hear any evidence, owing to the
analysis ordered by the coroner not having been completed
by Professor Rodgers, of the London University Hospital.
Mr. Norton, solicitor, of Clifford's-inn, attended on.the part
of the deceased's husband. The inquiry was again ad-
, journed ; but the coroner called upon Mr. Reeve, the hus-
band, to enter into recognisances of £lOO to appear at the

place.
"We are authorised to declare that these
rumours have no foundation whatever.

---
" They are the invention of evil-disposed persons."
BOURSE, Sept. 21.—Two o'clock.—An official
telegram from Bordeaux quotes the French Three
per Cent. Stock at 67f. 55c. (?) This sudden fall
has created a certain sensation on the market here,
the more so that on referring to Bordeaux the qua-
tation has been confirmed. The market is bad.
Threes, for the Account, have fallen per cent.—
to 68f. 35c. Italian Fives have a similar decline,
their quotations being 66f. 10c. Report says that
the Finance Minister of Italy has issued an unfa-
vourable account of the Budget, which makes the
reader disagreeably acquainted with the term " de-
ficit." Credit Mobilier Shares have declined 7f.
50c., the present price being 822 f. 50c. Three
o'clock.—Reports are current, of important and un-
satisfactory news from Vienna, which have con-
siderably affected the close ; it took place as fol-

next examination.
SUICIDE IN THE SURREY CANAL.—Yesterday
morning- the body of a young woman, about 19
years of age, named Wood, was found in the Surrey Canal,
the deceased having committed suicide on the night of
Sunday last. It appears that the deceased, who was in
service, had permission from her mistress to go out on
Sunday evening, and called upon a friead near the Old
Kent-road. Having stayed some time she was told it was
getting late, when she said it did not matter as she was
not going back to her situation, and that she intended
to drown herself. She then left, and as she was after-
wards missed the canal was dragged, with the result
above stated. Some unhappiness between the deceased
and her mother is alleged as the cause of her destroying

.owe :

4i per Cents 96 25
Do. end month —
3 per Cents. 6B 25
Do. end month 6B 30
Credit Mobilier
Do. end month
Bank Shares 3595
Credit Foncier 1325 --
Italian Loan 66 05
Do. end month 66 05
RAIL'

herself.
WEALTHY PAUPERS.—A fire broke out in one of
several cottages that stand on Gus Green, Chelten-
ham, on Sunday night. One of the cottages was occupied
by an old man named Henry White, but better known by
the appellative of "Old Harry, the gravedigger at the old
cemetery." Nearly £3OO in gold and silver coin was rescued,
from the old man's cottage, and was carried to the police-
station, and carefully counted over in the presence of Mr.
John Nicholls, the deputy chief constable. Since then the
money has been removed to one of the banks of the town,
whethor the old man allowed it to be conveyed after consi-
derable persuasion by the police authorities. It is currently
reported that " Old Harry" has been in receipt of parochial
relief, and it appears that he has been "excused" from pay-
ing his quota of the poor rate. Tho public will in all pro-
bability hear more of this matter. We may add that a few
months ago an old man, who had been for many years en-
gaged in repairing the roads, was compelled from sheer in-
ability to relinquish work, since which time to the time of
his death he subsisted upon private charity. During his
illness the members of the town commission, to the number
of 30, handed the old man over ss. each, believing him to
be completely destitute. After his death, however, a bank
book was discovered, and it was found that he had placed
in one of the local banks upwards of .£2oo.—Birmingham
Gazette.

Cash.

Amt.

Orleans
Northern _
_.

- - ... 850 -
- - ... 1090 -
- - ... 870 -
- - ... 565 -

- _
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona
Roman

- - ... 533 75
- - 235 -
- - 410 -
- - 451 25
- - 215 -
310 -

- - ... 220 -

ITALY.

FLORENCE, Sept. 19.

TRUE NOBILITY.—A writer in the Oxford Chro-
nicle argues that incivility caused the downfall of Lord
Westbury, and civility the exaltation of Lord Cranworth.
Lord Cranworth (says the writer) has always been civil to
everybody—he was even civil to Bloomfield Rush when he
tried him for his life. Rush, as perhaps you may remem-
ber, was very tedious and prolix in his defe-nee, so much
so as at last to exhaust the patience of his judge. Lord
Cranworth (then Baron Rolfe) interrupted him and told
him so, when Rush turned furiously round and cried out,
"My lord, if you were on trial for your life, you would
expect a little indulgence." .6.nother judge would have
been furious, but Baron Rolfe mildly said, " You are right,
and I was wrong ; 1 beg your pardon."
THE CONDEMNED CONVICT CumtlE.—The pri-
soner Currie, convicted on Wednesday at the Cen-
tral Criminal dourt of the cnurder of Major de Vere, was
removed on the evening of the same day to the Kent county
gaol at Maidstone. He spoke but little, and appeared to be
in a dejected state of mind. He was at once placed in the
condemned cell, where he will be watched night and day,
till the sentence is carried into effect, which, following the
usual custom, would be on the 12th October. The convict,
at his own request, will be visited by the Rev. Mr. Greener,
the Presbyterian minister at Maidstone. It is not yet
known whether the execution will take place at the county
prison or at the barracks at Chatham, where the crime was
comm COB
BDEN AND " THE NATIONALITIES."—It acquits
him of the charge—one by no means unfrequently
brought against him—of being indifferent and callous to
the progress, the struggles, and the wounds of liberty
abroad. He was, it must be admitted, extremely cautious
as to the overt expression of sympathy for the oppressed
peoples of the world. For he had seen how out-spoken
utterances from Englishmen had fed such unfortunates
with vain hopes of English interference, and thereby in-
citing them to the prolongation of struggles whose failure
e e
that.
w Thee think- remarkit, may see
pilule their woes more grievous than before, and entailed
upon them additional exasperated strokes of dynastic ven-
ganerous, but
fess
to say t the u
e nleast,gen very questionable
whether the Ci rcasstans are not to-day in a worse plight
than if Mr. Urquhart had never been born, or employed at
the Turkish Embassy—whether Lord Dudley Stuart's
speeches and Earl Russell's despatches may not have
heightened the agonies of the Poles, and whether the
vengeance of the Czar and the Kaiser upon the Magyars
rnigb t not haVejbeen less severe had some one else than Lord
Palmerston been at the Foreign Office in 1848. Be that
as it may, Mr. Cobdeu's course in such matters was at least
logical, and not only self-consistent, but perfectly compa-
tible with the warmest love of liberty, the most intense
hatred of enthroned wrong, and tenderest cotnmiseration
f.7.r enthralled rigbt.-I.f‘Gilai*T i, cy'Calakm.
TEE NUMBEF. a F4TrINEEOIRS.—Ati present
time there are, as appears from an ofa:lial paper, 3,646
paw/ broken La the United &act they 1 last
yea; iQr t:Q4 licieWor), £0,728.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE' plenipotentiary.
the quality of envoy extraordinary and minister
(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) "The manner in which you have rendered your-
self the interpreter of the gracious sentiments of
the Queen permit me to hope that, in the exercise of
your functions you will be guided by the instruc-
tions of your august Sovereign, and upon this
you may henceforth reckon upon my personal
goodwill on your behalf, and upon the most sincere
assistance of my Government."

General Sherman on the Late War

--

(From, the Huntsville Advocate, Aug. 31)
Mr. D. M. Martin has handed to us the following
Letter from General Sherman to him (Mr. Mania),

which we beg our readers to read carefully :
" Head-quarters Military Diiiisioti of the Mississippi,

_
in the Field near Atlanta.
" Georgia, Aug. 10, 1864.
Daniel M. Martin, Sand Mountain,
opposite Bellefonte.
"My dear old Friend,—When in Larkinsville

last winter I inquired after you and could get no

positive answer. I wish you had sent me your letter
of Jan. 22--which I have just received, for I could
have made you feel at ease at once. Indeed, do I

well remember our old times about Bellefonte, and
the ride we took to the corn-mill and the little farm

where I admired the handsome colt mid tried to buy
it. Time has worn ou, and you are now an old
man, in want and suffering, and I, also, no longer
young, but leading a hostile army on the very road

I came when I left Bellefonte, and at this moment

pouring into Atlanta the dread missiles of war—
seeking the lives of its people. And yet lam the
same William Tecumseh Sherman you knew in 1814,
with as warm a heart as ever, and anxious that peace

and plenty shall prevail in this land ; and to prove
it I defy Jefferson Davis, Gen. Lee, or Gen. Hood
to make the sacrifice for peace that I will personally
and officially. I will to-day lay down my power and
my honour—already won—will strip myself naked,
and my child and wife—stark naked in the world as we
came, and begin life anew, if the people of the South
will but cease the war, elect their members of Con-
gress, and let them settle by argument and reason
the questions growing out of slavery, instead of try-
ing to divide our country into two angry halves, to
quarrel and fight to the end of time. Our country
cannot be divided by an east and west line, and must
be one, and if we must fight let us fight it out now,
and not bequeath it to our children. I was never a
politician, but resigned from the army and lived in
California till 1857, when I came back with my wife
and three children, who wanted to be near home—
Mr. Ewing's, not Mr. Corwin's—but I bad the old
army so ground in my composition that civil pur-
suits were too tame, and I accepted an offer as Pre-

Ditto Threes —
Roman 74 75
Mexican Loan 5ll
Do. Bonds 333 75
Russian -
Austrian
Spanish Threes
Home Debt —
Deferred

Don Augustoloa, the new Spanish Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the
Italian Court, was officially received by King Vic-
tor Emmanuel, at 11 o'clock this morning.
After having been presented with the usual cere-
mony, the Minister placed in his Majesty's hands
the reply of the Queen of Spain to the King's letter
announcing his assumption of the title of King of
Italy, as well as the letters by which her Catholic
Majesty accredited him to the Court of Florence,
in the quality of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary.
In presenting these documents the Minister
said :
" SIRE,—I .have the honour to place in your
Majesty's hands the letter of the Queen of Spain,
my august Sovereign, replying to that of your Ma-
jesty; notifying that you have assumed for yourself
and your descendants the title of King of Italy.
" At the same time I have the honour to deliver
to your Majesty the letters accrediting me to your
august person in the quality of Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
of pain
" The old alliances that have existe
Sd at
and thavarioust
periods between the Royal Family
of your Majesty, and the interests, common to the
nation, having the same origin and now governed
by similar political institutions, are a certain pledge
that the good understanding, now happily re-esta-
blished between them, will daily become more
consolidated.
" In expressing to your Majesty the wishes and
sentiments of my Queen and country for your
Majesty's prosperity, and that of your Royal family
and people, I venture to hope that I shall be able,
by my conduct, to maintain those friendly rela-
tions, as well as your Majesty's goodwill and esteem."
The King replied as follows :
" Signor Ministro,—l receive with, true pleasure
the letter in which her Majesty the Queen of Spain
graciously replies to the cominunication I made to
her of the new title 1 have taken, sanctioned by the
Vote of the Italian Parliament, and which is at pre-
sent annexed to my crown.
" The ancient alliances between my family and
that of her Majesty Queen Isabella 11. are at the
same time that agreeable recollection for both and
the pledge of a durable affection between two kin-
dred nations ruled by homogeneous institutions,
allied by traditions of friendship for generations,
and happy in glorious common memories.
" With the sincerest feelings of my heart I ex-
press my good wishes for the prosperity of the
Queen, her faziiy, and her people.
"As regards
yourself, Signor Ministro, I atn
very well satisfied to see you charged with this
special mission, and to learn that your august
54,xvivahas §4,:;:tayoli to r=4.4,5 at 44 CQust, is

sident of the Louisiana Military Academy. There
fore, at the time of Lincoln's election I was at
Alexandria, on Red River. I saw, and you must have
seen, that the Southern politicians wanted to bring
about secession, separation. They could have elected
Mr. Douglas, but they so managed that Lincoln's elec-
tion was made certain, and after they had accomplished
this was it honest and fair for them to allege it was a
cause of war ? Did not Mr. Breckenridge, as Vice
President, in his seat declare Mr. Lincoln the law-
fully elected President of the United States ? Was
it ever pretended the President was our Govern-
ment ? Do not you know the Congress make the
laws, the Supreme Court judges them, and the Pre-
sident only executes them ? Do not you know that
Mr. Lincoln, of himself, could not take away your
rights ? Now, I was in Louisiana, and while the
planters and mechanics and industrial people were
happy and prosperous, the politicians and busybodies
were scheming and plotting, and got the legislature
to pass an ordinance of secession, which was sub-
mitted to the people, who voted against it, yet the
politicians voted the State out, and proceeded to
take possession of the United States mint, the forts,
I the arsenal, and tore down an old flag and insulted
it. That, too, before Mr. Lincoln got to Washing-
ton. I saw these things, and begged Bragg, and
Beauregard, and Governor Moore, and a host of
personal friends, to beware. In that was high trea-
son. But they answered, the North was made up
of mean manufacturers, of traders, of farmers, who
would not fight. The people of the North never
dreamed of interfering with the slaves or property
of the South. They simply voted, as they had a
right to do, and they could not understand why the
people of the South should begin to take possession
of the United States forts and arsensals until our
Government had done something wrong, something
oppressive. The South began the war. - You know
it. t and millions of others living in the South know
it, but the people of the North were as innocent of
it as your little grandchildren. Even after forts had
been taken, public arms stolen from our arsenals and
distributed about the angry militia, the brave and
honest freemen of the North could not realise the
fact, and did not until Beauregard began to fire on
a garrison of the United States troops in a fort built
by the common treasury of the whole country.
Then, as by a mighty upheaval, the people rose and
began to think of war, and not till then. I
resigned my post in Louisiana in March, 1861, be-
cause of the public act on the part of the state in
seizing the United States' arsenal at Baton Rouge,
and went to St. Louis, where I readily got lucrative
employment, hoping that some change would yet
avert the war. But it came, and I and all of mili-
tary education had to choose. I repeat that then,
as now, I had as much love for the honest people
of the South as any man living. Had they remained
true to the country I would have resisted, even with
arms, any attack upon their rights—even their slave
rights. But when, as a people they tore down our
old flag, and spat upon it, and called us cowards,
and dared us to the contest, then I took up arms
to maintain the integrity of our country, and punish
the men who challenged us to the conflict. Is not
this a true picture? We must maintain
the integrity of our country. And the day will
come when the little grandchild you love so well
will bless us who fought that the United States of
America should not sink into infamy and worse
than Mexican anarchy by the act of Southern
politicians, who care no more for you or such as
you than they care for Hottentots. I have never
underrated the magnitude of this war, for I know
the size of the South and the difficulty of operating
in it. But I also know that the Northern races
have ever since the war began had more patience
and perseverance than the Southern races. And so
it will be now—we will persevere- to the end. All
mankind shall recognise in us a brave and stubborn
race, not be deterred by the magnitude of the
danger Love to Mrs. Martin.
" W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General."

THE CASE OF THE REV. SAMUEL HAWORTH.-
With reference to tho conviction of a Norfolk clergyman
for assaulting a young woman, reported in our Tuesday's
impression, it is understood that the Bishop of Norwich
has suspended the defendant, the Itev. Samuel Haworth,
from the exercise of his ministerial functions, pending an
inquiry which his lordship has resolved upon instituting,
regarding the allegations made against him by the
complainant in' giving her evidence when before the
magistrates.

The Courrier de Marseilles relates a curious
story :—" A noble lady, owner of a chateau not far
from Aix, has been taking against the epidemic certain
precautions of which she had little need, considering the
distance of her residence from infected places, and the
salubrious air of her fertile valley. Her property is sur-
rounded by a wall, with which a town in the middle ages
might well be content. The gates have loopholes, and
armed peasants, sharing the terrors of their mistress, keep
a constant guard. Things are managed as at Messina and
Palermo; wrienever any imprudent person knocks at the
gate, he may have the satisfaction of seeing through the
loopholes a number of guns pointed at him, and of hearing
a ruugh invitation to pass on. Letters directed to this
antique manor-house are picked up with a pair of tongs,
and fumigated. Near the gate there is a pavilion, where
relations and friends pass quarantine, and it is only after
repeated purifications that they are admitted into the
chateau."

GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION.—The Emigration
Commissioners chartered yesterday the Africans,
1,587.10n5, belonging to Mr. G. W. Roberts, 'Liverpool, for
the conveyance of emigrants to Sydney, New South Wales,
at £1.2 9s lid per statute adult. The Africans will sail
from the Mersey about the 21st of November. The com-
missioners will receive tenders on Thursday next,- the 28th
instant, for a ship to sail with emigrants oil the lest week
in 1'141'0;00r for Driabauo, Clumagarivi.