The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-09 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 9, 18b5.

although it has been given in a dignified
manner, and an absence of all parade or ostentation..
The Senate declares that it has not acted in opposi-
tion to the laws of the Free City, and also that it
has not violated the laws of the Confederation.

The Prussians have sent a reply to this Note,
which has not yet been made public, but it is be-
lieved that it denounces the reply of the Senate as
having been drawn up " under the influence of re-
solutions proceeding from unauthorised assemblies,"
and even goes so far as to make out that the inde-
pendence manifested in the spirited reply of the
Senate furnishes another proof of the correctness of
the views already entertained in Berlin, and in which
the Vienna Cabinet coincided. Prussia refuses to
yield an inch of ground, and will consult with Aus-
tria as to the advisability of adopting further mea-
sures. Although it was not deemed expedient at
that juncture to make any decided manifestation,
the Prussian Government deemed it to be advisable
to state the unfavourable impression which the re-
' ply of the Senate had made. Can anything be
more outrageous than the manner in which these
audacious Powers is proceeding ; and, of course,
Austria is only too ready to follow suit, and to add
the weight of her authority to the scales in which are
balancing the rights of the free and ancient City of
Frankfort. The Senior Burgomaster received a
note from the representative of Austria, in which it
was stated that the Imperial Government could not
accept the communication of the Senate as a "reply,"
and goes so far as to declare that the despatch sent
from Vienna had been misquoted. The Senate's
reply to this was to the effect, that the Frankfort
Legislature had only followed the regulations issued
by the Confederation with respect to the associations,
and also in regard to the press; and finally declares
that "in future, as hitherto, its conductwill beguided
solely by the regulations of right and of the laws."
Some remarks are subjoined as to the necessity which
exists at present for a change in political organisa-
tion to take place, and that consequently efforts are
made with a view to the attainment of this desired
end by associations and assemblies of the press. Any
error that may arise from a mistaken course being
adopted, or a too hasty effort made, must fall under
the treatment of the law, but on no account should
any " forcible intervention" take place. This is
quite clear and comprehensive to those who chose
to understand it; and since the movement so bitterly
complained of by the two Powers has certainly
sprung out of a " recognised want," it is the
more inconsistent and inexcusable for them
to make such a confusion and threaten such dire-
ful consequences. It must be admitted that the
Senate of Frankfort has adopted the only course
which could .be called consistent with its ancient
rights and traditionary privileges. It has not hesi-
tated to confront the great allied Powers now in
the plenitude of their unjust and arbitrary power,
and flushed with the great success which they
have met with through the supineness of some and
the treachery of others. Contrary to expectation,
the National Verein was permitted to assemble,
which will doubtless be a great cause of offence to
the jealous and susceptible Government of the two
Powers. It cannot be said, how ever, that anything very
flagrant occurred at this assembly, and only a partial
and prejudiced judge can make anything of the affair
calculated to excuse or justify proceeding to ex-
tremities. Moreover, it will be the manner, and
not the matter, that will provoke indignation, and
no one need feel surprised if the next news is that
Herr Von BISMARCK has been highly incensed at
the unwarrantable proceeding, and persuaded his
complaisant ally to frustrate such efforts for the
future, and make it evident beyond a doubt that the
will of the two great German Powers is from hence
forth to be law. It will not be, however, without a
struggle that the Senate will yield its pri-
vileges ; and the whole of Germany will feel justly
incensed at this interference with national
_ elk) put upon ordinary
assemblages taking place. Already we find
a conference of the minor German Powers
has taken place at Florence with reference to the
attitude of Austria and Prussia towards Frankfort.
This shows the feeling that exists, and even the
mighty Government of Prussia may find it has gone
altogether too far, if not altogether overstepped its
limits, in this new attempt at arbitrary interference.
If there be any lingering remnant of discretion
left in Berlin, the powers that be will not take up
the quarrel with Frankfort in a very decided man-
her, but content themselves with giving hints and
sending despatches which may be interpreted or not
without any very grave results following. Such
sense and discernment have not, however, been so
manifestly displayed of late as to afford us any
certain hope or confident expectation of this course
being pursued, and the nations of Europe may
again have to denounce the tyranny of the Allied '
Powers, and deplore their want of principle.

have further evidence before we can believe that
the Government at Washington contemplates any-
thing so rash and foolish as a rupture with this
country, even although to humour the fanatics it
may in a little bravado.
Another Confederate general has been elevated
to the State Governorship, General, now Mr.,WADE
HAMPTON having been by a large majority elected
Governor of South Carolina. This is in many
respects an advantage, since it serves to reconcile
the people to the restoration of the Union, while it
secures a degree of independence to the State, and
shows that the PRESIDENT has no desire that the
local government should be merely a form repre-
sented by creatures of his own. The trial of
JEFFERSON DAVIS is said to have been decided upon
for the crime of treason, though whether it is to
take place in Washington or Richmond is not yet
fixed. From what Mr. JOHNSON said to the Caro-
lina deputation it is not impossible that such a
course may have been decided upon, preliminary
to the granting of a free pardon. The trial of
the unfortunate Captain WIRZ is at last
over, and sentence of death was expected,
though not actually passed, when the mail
left. If the revelations of the Northern
prisons could be given to the world, what would be
the result? We may, for one thing, remember
that it was by no means uncommon for half-a-dozen
Southern prisoners to be shot in retaliation on the
enemy for the death or capture of any man. But
" success is virtue and misfortune blame," all the
world over, and the United States do not certainly
offer an exception to the rule.

In these days of change and vicissitude, when
new projects and institutions are constantly push-
ing the old out of notice, an association which
can celebrate its seventh anniversary possesses
some claims to respect. The festive occasion was
observed with due honour at the Guildhall, Cam-
bridge, on Tuesday evening, when the prizes won
by the successful competitors in the Cambridge-
shire School of Arts were distributed by the
Countess of HARDWICKE. The noble Earl and
Mr. POWELL, M.P,, delivered two very interest-
ing addresses on the occasion, Lord HARDWICKE'S
being chiefly upon the advantages offered to
the young art student by the establish-
ment of such schools, while Mr. POWELL'S
was an artistic oration, taking for its subject,
" Truth as the Foundation of Art." Lord HARD-
WICKE remarked, in considering the character and
advantages of these schools, that everything which
tended to refine the mind and to civilise the people
must be highly valuable, and that these institutions
had an especial tendency to do so by cultivating a
taste for art in the young. They were indirectly
friends to good government and social order also,
by giving young men a pleasant and profitable re-
source for those idle hours which, as the old mo-
ralist so quaintly tells us, are so likely to be
turned to bad and mischievous uses. But these
schools of art have, as Lord HARDWICKE
reminded his hearers, another and more practical
purpose. There is undoubtedly plenty of artistic
talent of the lower orders among our industrious
classes, but our art-manufacture, though rapidly
improving, is not yet all that it might be. The In-
dustrial Exhibitions, which have lately become so
general, have given ample evidence that the eye for
form and the taste for colour exist largely among
our mechanics ; yet in many departments of art-
manufacture there is a demand for laboUr which is
not supplied. Lord HARDWICKE instanced the
colouring of china, which he said was a beautiful
study and well remunerated, but labourers in that
field were wanting, though there must undoubtedly
be somewhere the requisite talent and application.
Painting on the flat was another profitable branch
of art, of course much higher in its character, which
was much neglected in this country, though, we
hope, when these art• veen a te w years
longer in existence all these wants will be gradu-
ally supplied. An artist is not made in a day,
whatever his natural talent or industry, and how-
ever encouraging his progress ; and, until within a
recent period, art education for the lower ranks was
entirely neglected in this country. There is no fear
of a retrograde movement now, for gradually, as the
taste of the people becomes more cultivated,
there will be an increasing demand for
artistic manufacture for articles of graceful form
and beautiful colour, even though the material may
be cheap and common. Mr. POWELL'S address was
eloquent and learned, giving useful and interesting
advice to the young aspirants of the schools, and
bidding them to endeavour, above all other objects,
to make truth their first aim and constant study. I

VALUE OF LAND IN TIIE CITY.—The site, in
Gracechurch-street, of the old Spread Eagle Tavern,
which building was pulled down recently, was sold by
auction yesterday. The sale, which was conducted by
Messrs. Fox and Bousfield, created an unusual excitement

The Nova Scotian brings us intelligence up to a t
adjournmentG ft r raw ay
to '
sthe .Se
greatermany
pearcscoonsmoaon of the London
appearedti to bid that an
d
the 27th ult. that there is no very striking news. Tavern was necessary. There the plot was sold. It con-
The American press is busying itself in comment- tained in all 12,600 feet, 5,600 of which was leasehold for
ing upon the correspondence between Earl RUSSEL
a long term, and the rest freehold. The first bid was
£50,000, and the final one £95,000.
and Mr. ADAMS, and, as might be expected, the THE CASTLE OF HURSTMONCEAUX.—The ancient
remarks are not always very flattering to this coun- house fell by marriage into the possession of Sir
try. We are naturally prepared for a good deal of John de Fiennes, a scion of a Boulonais family derivingt its
bombast respecting the power of America, and it
son of thisfro sair John
little
vilwholageiunttiltahtedistrict. It
of was
hurstmoengc7a dux,
is rather amusing to notice how completely the and whose son married Joan, heiress of Lord Dacre, and
New York journals speak of England and the Eng- was in her right declared Baron Dacre, and styled Dacre of
lish de haut en bas. It is only fair to remember, tshetueSeedutnlie,atre distinguishGilleland,
in
the family
Cumberland,from
however, that the American press is by no means Dacre, with many a spear," written of by Sir Walter Scott
anotherhe " Hot Lord
branch
so completely a reflection of the public mind and in the " Lay of the Last Minstrel." It was a n unfortunate
temper as our own. It aims at a " sensational" descendanteihlnfs Park, was be
.of hers chargedwho;2edae at
s witht.
Werin
poachingatg ins, Sir John
pa place of
style, and instead of addressing itself to the execution for the counties of Surrey and Sussex, and so
more intelligent and moderate thinkers, it called because of the brook
e beingthe
dedicated Tto . Thomas
on
ask
seeks rather to inflame the popular passions, and
Becket;
w'ay
to ChaucerstatesCanter it to
bury paused to terewpaet whey©
their plgrihorses. The
to encourage the excitement of the moment. It young Lord Dacre, whose execution may be more properly
would not consequently be just or reasonable to a called . politichal murder, was
Dassucceededtebyd
Ehiasrlbrooftshuerr,raenyd
suppose that the statesmen at Washington are likely
hwehOgsapenint by
Thom.
princely L
fortune in 'eornamenting the castle ;
to show the same unreasoning intemperance and but as ho died without direct heirs, the property was sold
self-conceit that we find reflected in the columns of and purchased by George (sometimes called Chancellor)
Naylor, to whom succeeded Francis, son of the famous
the New York press. The World quietly says that
Bishop Hare, of whom Pope speaks in his poems more than
the general usage in making peace treaties is to sur- once.—Once a-Week.
render conquered territories, but that in case of a IMPORTANT SALMON FISHERY CONVICTION.---At
war between England and the United States, the Worcester Petty Sessions.yesterda y, beforetheßev.
States would take the Canadas and keep them. J. Pearson,
,lMarn.
and General mpColMe, Herbert Webb,
.;
Mr.
J. G. Watkins,
mwars.
T. R.
"In that way," it adds, "we will secure com- charged with using a certain fixed engine for catching
pensation for the whole of our losses by the
fhth
sham neutrality of England." This is an
salmon in the River Severn, near IdVotrctehster,
instanceon the 27th
sham
uulnt.itedTAhesspereoiasteiceuntifoenr
twhaespi
rnosttei to t
it
on o‘f the Fisherieseof tthee
interesting piece of information, and in face Severn and its Tributaries, and the case was an unusual
of the recent statistics respecting the one and one of some importance. It appeared that since
1
Birmingham trades it is rather amusing. Certathe erection of the navigation weirs on the river Severn it
'in y
England's neutrality washad become a practice with the fishermen to place putcheons
in some measure a sham, or wheels—a wicker contrivance—for taking lamperns on
but it was a sham of which the Northern States the weirs at the angles where the salmon commonly pass
should be the last to complain. The Times, after 11P In this way way
clit istbheelie2vietdh tohfatos:tlomhoenr hthale,edbeefeeondflrnet-
ge ntl
enlarging on the national honour, declares that
placedy ttwo such wheels on the south-cast corner of Diglis
" the principles of international law" cannot "be weir, near Worcester, which were fixed to a pose fastened
disregarded," as England in her own interest seeks tßoratdhleeybathnek
head
dthleoorkil-kere.epelr`harteephigoluis,rsoahfsteerr,w,eadrdtshaMt Mr.
to disregard them," without turning every war into salmon was caught in the wheel. It was found to have
a universal conflagration." Certainly, if statesmen becometh so jammed
b
in the wheel that it could only be
wheelshe taken
o
and politicians generally did not possess more sense by the
e
had been latterly made much laerggerreatth faenr w.as l
necessary
and temper than the writers in the New York press for taking lamperns, so that salmon could be caught in
we should have the tread of armies and the thunder them. The facts having been proved, and the secretary
of the association having proved that the diameter of the
of cannon never out of our ears. Happily, how- first " inshin," as it is called, of the wheel (where the fish
ever, there are wiser councillors, and perhaps this became fixed) was 31in., whereas in the wheels used at
general outburst of frenzied patriotism may have
Tewkesbury they were only liin, in diameter, the magis-
trates decided on convicting, but as this was the first case
relieved the troubled minds of the victims of Anglo-
of the kind brought before them they fined the defendant
phobia. It is rumoured at Washington that the in a nominal penalty (Is.) and costst. At the.l same time
Secretary of the Navy has directed all available
wheels
the y h
expressed
weirs
wastheir
opinionthat he
illegal, and thaptl for placingthese
future
steam vessels of war to be immediately got ready
they should deem them so, whether they were proved to
for sea i but this is not authenticated, and we must hays taken salmon or not. .

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S EXPRESS.)

ITALY.
FLORENCE, Nov. 9.

The King, accompanied by General La Marmora,
leaves to-day for Naples, where the cholera is upon
the increase. His Majesty is expected to return on
the 14th instant.

Wishing to utilise her talents and acquirements, Mlle.
Rengguer applied to the Dean of the Faculty of
Medicine at Montpellier for permission to follow the
course of medical instruction in that university, but
met with a refusal on the ground of her sex. The
lady appealed from that decision to the Minister of
Public Instruction, who received her demand
favourably, but proposed the following compro-
mise :—That as Mlle. Rengguer could speak the
Arab langiage, she should be exceptionally autho-
rised to study for the diploma of doctor in medicine,
but on condition that she should engage to practise
only in Algeria, where the Arab women have a
great repugnance to the attendance of male phy-
sicians. The lady declined to make the engage-
ment, and persists in her claim as a free citizen. So
the affair stands for the present.

It is believed that the opening of the Chamber
will be adjourned until the 18th, on account of his
Majesty's journey.

At a meeting of English physicians in Paris, Dr.
John Chapman, of London, lately gave an exposi-
tion of his discovery of a new method of treating
disease by controlling the circulation of the blood in
different parts of the body, through the agency of
the nervous system, by ice. Ilis auditors promised
to give the method a trial.
BOURSE, Nov. B.—Two o'Clock.—Rentes continue
buoyant, while other Securities are held with com-
parative indifference. The advance on Three per
Cents. is 10c. for the Account, the quotation being
68f. 35c. Credit Mobiliers have advanced to
868 f. 75c., a rise of lf. 25c. Spanish Mobilier have
the same advance. Three o'Clock.—The market
closed at the following improved quotations :-
4-1 per Cents 96 75

15o: and month

Ditto Threes
Roman
Mexican Loan 49 50
Do. Bonds 325
Russian —
Austrian
Spanish Threes -
Home Debt
Deferred

3 per Cents. 6B 40
Do. end month 6B 35
Credit Mobilior
Do. end month
Bank Shares 3700
Credit Foncier 1325
Italian Loan 64 70

Do. end month 64 85

VAYS.
Cash. Acct.
... 818 75
1097 50
... 816 25
562 50
- ... 532 50
515 -
212 50
408 75
... 402 10
... 187 25
... 242 50

Orleans
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona
Roman

.--. ----. • ••

The Breadalbane Succession.

151 75

An important matter is now being argued in the
Edinburgh Court of Session ; the subject at issue is
the title and estates of Breadalbane. There are two
claimants. The one, Mr. John Alexander Gavin
Campbell of Glenfalloch ; the other, Lieutenant
Charles William Campbell of Boreland, formerly
in the 19th, now in the 2d, Regiment of Bengal
Cavalry. On the death of the late marquis the
succession opened to the heirs male of the body
of the deceased William Campbell of Glen-
falloch. The claimant, Mr. Campbell of Glen-
falloch, claims as being descended from James
Campbell, second son of William Campbell, of Glen-
falloch. The claimant, Lieutenant Campbell of
Boreland, claims as being descended from John
Campbell, sixth spn of William Campbell of Glen-
falloch. The failure of the eldest son of William
Campbell and the heirs male of his body is un-
doubted, and it is not disputed that if Glenfalloch
is the legitimate descendant of James Campbell, the
second son, his alleged grandfather, he is entitled to
be served heir of entail to the exclusion of Boreland,
a more remote substitute. On the other hand, it is
not disputed that if the claim of Glenfalloch to be
legitimately descended from James Campbell, the
second son, is not well founded, the five eldest sons
of William Campbell of Glenfalloch and the heirs
male of their body have all failed ; and it is not dis-
puted that Boreland is the eldest heir male of the
body of John Campbell, the sixth son, his grand-
father, and is in that event the heir entitled to be
served. The ground on which Boreland maintained
that he, though descended from William Campbell's
sixth son, has a preferable right to Glenfalloch, who
is descended from the second son, is that Glenfal-
loch's grandmother was never married to his grand-
father, or, at all events, that if he was ever married
to her, it was after the birth of Glenfalloch's father,
William John Lamb Campbell, in England, when
the parents were domiciled there, and that CODSC-
qucilciy the subsequent marriage could not have the
effect of legitiinising him. The competition thus
depends entirely upon questions as to the legitimacy
of W. J. Lamb Campbell, Glenfalloch's father, and
the alleged marriage of his mother to his father.

The case is in the form of competing petitions for
service advocated from the Sheriff in Chancery.
The petitions have been conjoined, a record made
up and closed, and a voluminous proof led by both
parties. In July last the Lord Ordinary (Barcaple),
after hearing parties, found it proved that J. A. G.
Campbell of Glenfalloch is nearest and lawful heir
of tailzie and provision in special of the late Marquis
of Breadalbane, and dismissed the petition for Lieut.
Campbell of Boreland.
Against this judgment the latter has reclaimed,
and the hearing began accordingly. The debate
was opened on behalf of the reclaimer by Mr.
, Fraser,whose speech occupied the whole day, and in
the course of which he went over the documents
recovered and evidence led in the course of the
proof, for the purpose of showing that these esta-
blished that there was no valid marriage between
Eliza Maria Blanchard and James Campbell, the
grandfather and grandmother of Glenfalloch, and
that his father was therefore illegitimate. The re-
claimer's case, stated shortly, comes to this—that
an ineffectual ceremony of marriage was gone
through by the parties at Edinburgh in September,
1781, when Eliza Maria Blanchard was the lawful
wife of Christopher Ludlow, of Chipping Sodbury,
in Gloucestershire, who survived till 1784—that
Eliza Maria Blanchard eloped with James Campbell,
and that the pretended marriage in Edinburgh was
a mere screen to cover their adulterous intercourse ;
and finally, that there never was any marriage
between them after the death of Ludlow, and that
whatever intercourse they had thereafter was illicit,
and continued on the same footing as before that
event. In support of this view several letters are
strongly founded on by the reclaimer, which have
been recovered from the War-office, written by
Eliza Blanchard in 1807, the year after James
Campbell's death, in which she claims a pension as
his widow, and states that, though the certificate of
their marriage had been lost by them in America, it
took place in 1781. If this should be held to be the
date of the marriage, it could not then be legally
entered into, Ludlow, Sarah Blanchard's first hus-
band, being then alive.
Mr. Fraser, in resuming his argument on a subse-
quent day, contended at great length that the cohabi-
tation of Eliza Blanchard and James Campbell,
the grandfather and grandmother of Mr. Campbell of
Glenfalloch, having at its commencement been adul-
terous, did not raise any presumption of marriage,
as in the ordinary case of cohabitation, and that
its adulterous character at the outset shifted
the onus of proof, laying it on the party alleg-
ing the marriage. He also contended that where
the cohabitation is originally adulterous, however
long it may continue after,both parties are free, and
however universal should be the repute of marriage
the original taint of the connection adheres to it,
depriving it of a legitimate character, and thus ren-
dering it incapable of constituting a marriage by
habit and repute. He maintained, further, that sub-
sequent acknowledgments of marriage passing be-
tween parties who were cohabiting must be referred
to the original connection, and were therefore of no
effect as constituting a marriage, where the position
of the parties at the commencement of the connec-
tion rendered their marriage at that date impossible.
Applying these principles to the facts of the case, he
contended that, Eliza Blanchard being the wife of
Ludlow when the marriage ceremony was performed,
and she began to cohabit with James Campbell, their
subsequent cohabitation, actings, and correspondence
were all to be construed relatively to the fact—as
forming an incident to a mere continuation Of the
same illicit intercourse, and not as facts implying
the intention of the parties to become married per-
sons and creating a marriage by habit and repute.
On these grounds he contended that the Lord Ordi-
nary's interlocutor should be reversed. The case is
not yet concluded.