The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-10 00:00:00

THE SUB, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENIIW, OCTOBER 10, 186 E.

By this means England would have great part of her engross the attention of those who appear at
raw material in her own hands, and need never
again be placed in the humiliating position of being
entirely dependent on a foreign source. The
Americans on both sides reckoned on the assistance
of King Cotton, but while the famine did not pro-
duce the effect anticipated, it has served another
purpose, by awakening our merchants to a sense of
the folly and insecurity of relying wholly on a
foreign source, and putting one of our most impor-
tant manufactures at the mercy of the caprices or
the vicissitudes of another State.

the ,se meetings, and foremost among these is the
c ondition of the labourers. Lord LEICESTER was
-fortunately enabled to congratulate his hearers upon
- the improvement that had taken place in the condi-
--tiOn of these valuable members of society, and so far
-this was a set-off against the long list of grievances
-which the summing up of the year brought before
them. The great improvement of the labourer in a
moral sense is an additional matter for rejoicing,
and in Norfolk it is conspicuously the case
that changes for the better have testified to the
advance of reason and the spread of enlighten-
ment. This part of the country also was the first
to set the example of a " union settlement," which
Parliament has since sanctioned, and from whichl%
many good results are expected to follow. Nothing
but evil can ensue from the position of affairs which
is truly described here as an apparent antagonism
between duties and interests. Unless labourers are
housed within a reasonable distance of their works
it is impossible to gain all the advantages from their
service ; and the best ones will not submit to the
imposition of such a tax on their powers, and such
an innovation of their rights. It is perfectly true
what is here stated that when all the legislative
enactments that are possible have been passed, the
condition of the labourer, as regards his physical
and moral improvement, " must still mainly
depend upon his landlord and upon his em-
ployer." Mr. BRIGHT, and those of his party,
whose advanced intelligence has discovered that all
the upper classes conspire to cheat and defraud the
other ranks of society, will doubtless be surprised,
in perusing this speech, to find that Lord LEICESTER
has come forward to make known an injustice in
the existing law of rates, whereby a portion of
his property is exempted from bearing the burden.
" I see no reason," says the noble Earl, " why the
2,000 acres of wood which I hold in this county, re-
taining them, as I do, for the purposes of game or
amusement, all of which, if converted in pasture or
arable land,would be subject to rates, should not pay
their quota to the poor-rates." Certainly there does
appear to be no valid argument to show why such
an exemption should be made, but such candour as
that of the noble Lord is not often met with, and
ought to be proportionately appreciated when it is.
Nothing is more difficult than to equalise the
rates and taxes, so as to produce the greatest
amount of equality, and to obviate the chances of
hardship on the one hand and neglect of opportunity
on the other. This suggestion of the Earl of
LEICESTER is worthy of notice, and great credit is
due to him for making it. Great advantages would
ensue if more care were taken to inquire into the
working of things, and to make sure which
arrangement most conduced to meet the de-
sired ends. There is no foundation for the Lear
which some have expressed that if any such pro-
posals were to be carried out, the destruction of
the wooded districts would follow. Such a con-
summation would be in every respect 'deplored, and
all the country would lose one of itt most beautiful
peculiarities, which has been rendered famous
among foreign nations, and which is materially
prized at home. But as the noble Lord here puts
it plainly enough, " The love of sport, and the
desirable appreciation of ornament that exists in
all Englishmen's hearts, is such that, in my opinion,
there would be no danger of any material decrease
of the woodland districts of this country." All that
tends in any way to prevent injustice or inequality
should be put a stop to as much as possible ; and
although, as the noble earl stated, the difference
would not be considerable in the rate, still an
anomaly would be removed, and discontent among
the various classes rendered less likely to arise. In
many respects this speech of the noble lord's was
very serviceable to those whom he addressed, while
the frank and manly tone which he adopted greatly
redounded to his credit, and he has set an example
of straightforwardness and elevated notions which
cannot be too widely followed by all who speak at
public meetings.

One of the most interesting items of intelligence I
which we receive from Bombay is the account of
the grand Durbar held by Sir BARTLE FRERE at
Poona, at which the hereditary chiefs and land-
owners of the Deccan assembled with considerable
state. The Durbar was held on the sth of Sep-
tember, in a line of tents pitched on a great plain.
Sir BARTLE FRERE was attended by a guard of
honour, and the civil and military officials of the
Presidency. All due arrangements were made to
give full effect to this imposing ceremony, of which
the Eastern magnates think not a little. The most
notable feature in the Durbar was, however, the
delivery of his Excellency's address in the vernacular
tongue. It is a suggestive fact that our chief re-
presentative in India should be able thus, as it were,
to meet the people on their own ground. It shows
how much the sense of our obligations and respon-
sibilities has increased, and that we look upon our
vast possessions rather as a great country to be
governed than as a mere field for the display of
superfluous energy, or for the acquisition of wealth
more easily and more quicklf than is possible at home.
The native princes can hardly fail to be impressed
by hearing their foreign rulers address them in their
own tongue. It breaks down the barriers between
them, and gives them a common meeting ground.
There will be no longer the great gulf which yawns
betweens the rulers and the ruled, if the wants
and wishes, the sentiments and convictions of
either side can be made known to the other
without the medium of an interpreter. Sir BARTLE
FRERE, in his address, urged strongly upon his
hearers the importance of their studying the Eng-
lish language and, indeed, of education of all kinds.
Travel, he said very truly, is an education in itself,
and he regretted very muchthat the expensive custom
of taking a large retinue debarred very many of the
chiefs from making the attempt. Some of the native
princes have set an excellent example by breaking
through this old rule, and only taking with
them such attendants as were absolutely
necessary, instead of a long and costly train. It is
to be hoped that the immense increase of the facili-
ties for travel which has lately taken place in India
will, by degrees, work a beneficial change in this
respect. A wider range of observation would go
'tar to remove those prejudices which so greatly re-
tard the progress of the native races, and if their
chiefs and Sirdars would set the example the lower
ranks would learn to emerge from their ignorance
and exclusiveness. Sir B. FRERE, in addressing the
assembly of native princes, boldly asked them how
many of them could read the laws of their country
in the language in which they were enacted ; how
many could make themselves acquainted with the
official correspondence respecting themselves and
their rights ; how many could tell a traveller, even
if he spoke their own language, anything of the
history, geography, or politics of any state or
province beyond their immediate neighbourhood.
He pointed out to them the anxiety of the English
Government to secure the assistance of the native
princes in council and government, and asked how
it was that among the Sirdars of the Deccan so few
could be found who possessed enough knowledge to
be trusted even with the government of their own
people ? There was no natural impediment in their
way, nothing but the mere lack of education which
hindered them from rightly discharging the duties
of their station, and occupying that position to which
they are entitled. It was, he assured them, no longer
possible to perform their duties by delegates ; and
although a powerful Government now protected the
weakest and the strongest alike, so that no man might
be unjustly despoiled of his possessions, yet there
was an enemy against which they could only pro-
tect themselves. The inevitable course of events
would destroy that power, which was merely sta-
tionary, which did not adapt itself to the require-
ments of the times. Great opportunities and advan-
tages are undoubtedly offered to the native chiefs
under the present system, opportunities which, in
former times, under their own Sovereigns, were
never even dreamt of. They are fortunate, too, in
having at the head of affairs men like Sir JOHN
LAWRENCE and Sir BARTLE FRERE, who are inti-
mately acquainted with their habits, customs, and
history. It only remains for them to avail them-
selves of the chances put before them, and if our
statesmen can succeed in penetrating the thick
gloom of ignorance and exclusiveness which has so
long wrapped the native princes of the hills in a
kind of half savage state, they will be effecting a
great work towards the regeneration of India, and
conferring an incalculable benefit on the rulers
and the ruled.

ELECTION EXPENSES.—In both North and South
Essex there were severe contests at the late general
election. The election auditors have now made up the
"little bills" of each candidate. In South Essex two Con-
servative members were returned—viz., Mr. IL J. Selwyn,
M.P., and Lord E. Cecil, M.P., while the unsuccessful can-
didate was Mr. R. B. Wingfield-Baker. Mr. Selwyn is
stated to have disbursed £2,594 ; Lord E. Cecil, £2,605,
and Mr. Baker, £6,373. Mr. Baker's committee-room ex-
penses amounted to £1,276, while his canvassing expenses
exceeded £1,300, and about £1,400 was paid for agents.
The same rather mysterious item cost Lord E. Cecil and
Mr. Selwyn about £740 each. All the expenses of Mr.
Selwyn and the noble lord were shared in common, with
the exception of personal expenses, to the extent of £ll.
The outlay on the Conservative side may thus be set down
at £5,197. In North Essex Mr. C. Du Cane, M.P., ex-
pended £1,496 ; Sir T. Western, M.P., £3,946, and Major
Beresford, the unsuccessful Conservative candidate, £1,491.
Mr. Du Cane and Major Beresford made virtually a joint
purse, and appear to have expended between them £2,987.
Professional services and expenses cost Sir T. Western
£1,542, while Mr. Du Cane and Major Beresford expended
£5BO each in the same direction. Altogether these county
contests are admitted to have involved an expenditure of
£18,505.

MURDER BY A POLICEMAN.—At the Glasgow
Circuit Court on Friday a policeman named Robert
Sinclair was tried for assaulting a lad named John Broad-
foot and thrusting him into a canal, whereby he was deprived
of life. The principal evidence was given by James Wil-
son, an apprentice baker, who said—ln the end of August
last I was living with my aunts, Catherine and Eliza Wilson.
Sometime about the end of that month I had a quarrel
with them, and left them, and did not sleep in their house
for several nights. On the night of Thursday, 24th August
last, I went to sleep at Mr. Watson's char or coke kiln;
near the Forth and Clyde Canal, at the end of Bank-street.,
Port Dundas. I went there at 10 o'clock on Thursday
night. Thre were some boys—George Hunter, Angus
Campbell, and the deceased John Broadfoot—there when I
went. There were some one-wheel barrows close by. I lay,
down to sleep on one of these barrow; the other three lying,
down together. We all went to sleep. Interrogated—What
was the first thing that wakened you? A policeman's baton.
(Laughter, instantly suppressed.) It struck me a hard stroke
on the breast. I then got up on my feet, and stood for a mo-
ment. Campbell went east, and I made to follow him, but I
was turned by the policeman. I cannot say whether the
policeman who turned me was he who struck me. The other
lads would be about two or three yards from me when I was
turned. Broadfoot, the deceased, was running before me,
and a policeman running after him. They were running in a
northerly direction towards the basin. I also saw Hunter
running away in that direction. Hunter 'was in advance of
Broadfoot, who was several yards behind. I followed after
the other policeman, and there was one behind me. I was
running and I heard the policeman in front of me cry,
"You —, I'll drown you," when ho pushed Broad-
foot into the canal. That was the policeman who was fol-
lowing Hunter and Broadfoot. I would be from four to
six yards distant from Broallfoot when I saw this. The
policeman pushed him on the middle of the back with the
point of his baton. I saw Broadfoot tumble in, and heard
the splash. Hunter by this time had gone round the corner
of one of the kilns to the right. When I saw the constable
do this I got up on the top of one of the kilns and ran away.
After the constable pushed deceased into' the canal I saw
him down on his knees on the bank of the basin. I cannot
say what he was doing. The water of the canal is about a
foot down from the bank. I afterwards, found Campbell on
the top of a kiln. I told him about it, and he said ho had
heard the splash too. I lay down and slept till morning.
The occurrence happened about two o'clock. In the morning
I told James M'Cluskey about it. He is a kilnsman. He
came at four o'clock, and searched the basin till the break-
fast hour, but without finding any body. This was on the
Friday morning. On Saturday, M'Cluskey, Hunter, and
other men, and myself, again searched the canal, but with-
out success. The search was renewed on Sunday. On
Sabbath afternoon I told Thomas Boomer, a constable,
what had happened. He took Hunter, Campbell, and
myself down to the Northern Police-office. We told there
what had happened. On Monday morning I pointed out
the place to Inspector Smith, and, on the canal being
dragged, the body of Broadfoot was found. I was taken
back to the police office and locked up. I saw Broadfoot's
body in the police-office on the Monday afternoon, and
identified it in the presence of the doctors. George Hun-
ter, one of the boys who had slept at the kilns on the
night in question, corroborated the evidence of the previ-
ous witness. After a long trill Sinclair was found guilty
of culpable homicide, awl sentenced to ten years' penal
servitude.

At the annual meeting of the Dorking Agricul-
tural Association on Friday, the Earl of LEICESTER
made a very interesting speech, in which he dis-
cussed the chief topics of importance that now en-
gage attention. The noble lord had no very cheer-
ing details to give, and indeed in some respects the
prospects of those around him were most gloomy.
A very bad wheat crop had been harvested, and
the early frosts in the spring did great damage.
All the changes of the weather this year seem to
have militated against the prosperity of the
agricultural districts. It was hoped that the
root-crops would be good, in consequence
of the wet, which had its drawbacks in
injuring the barley, but] that expectation was not
realised, because there has been such unexampled
drought lately. Under all circumstances, it is evi-
dent that great patience and perseverance will be
required to head up at all against the adverse tide
which has set in, at a period, too, when everything
seemed to promise fair for the national welfare.
Lord LEICESTER adverted to the cattle disease, but
in that part of the country where he spoke the cala-
mity has not been so great, chiefly owing to the
adoption of that caution which was so unfortu-
nately absent in other places. The prompt and
vigorous measures which were taken to prevent
diseased cattle from infecting the healthy were
truly cited ty the noble lord as most important
instruments in warding off the most of the trouble,
and it is to be regretted that in many other quar-
ters similar care was not taken. It is always wise
to endeavour to draw a useful moral, and deduce a
sage reflection from all striking charges, and thus
Lord LEICESTER displayed some judgment in seek-
ing to improve the occasion by pointing to the gain
which might be derived from the losses so
deeply incurred and so widely spread about.
lie said that they had learned something
from this dark epoch which would prove of service
hereafter, and that continued prosperity caused the
energies to be dormant, and in the trials and diffi-
culties they lately had to contend with they had
imbibed some useful knowledge.
Besides these. more immediate subjects of in-
_ tereg other important considerations naturally

LATEST' INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

the party shall be duly convicted ; and be it further
ordained that the constitution be amended by strik-
ing out all provisions in relation to slaves and
slavery; and be it further ordained that it shall be
the duty of the Legislature, at its next session, to
pass such laws as will protect the freedmen of this
State in the full enjoyment of all their rights of per-
son and property, and guard the State against any
evils that may arise from their sudden emancipa-
tion." The ordinance was passed by a vote of 89
against 3.
At the South Carolina State Convention, after
adopting certain changes in the constitution rela-
tive to State and local elections, the delegates re-
pealed the secession ordinance by a vote of 103
against 3. Resolutions were introduced endorsing
President Johnson's policy, declaring slavery to be
perpetually abolished in the State, granting negroes
the right to testify in court, and earnestly pleading
for the immediate pardon of Jefferson Davis, Alex-
ander 11. Stephens, Governor Magrath, and ex-
Secretary Trenholm. A committee was appointed
to proceed to Washington to secure these pardons.
Some public journals attach much significance to
the President's response to the address of the new
Brazilian Minister, Azambuja, who was formally
received in Washington on the 23d inst. After
some complimentary allusions to Brazil, Mr. John-
son said :

AUSTRIA.

VIENNA, OCT. 10.

Rear-Admiral Baron von Wullersdorff-Urbair,
in assuming his functions as Minister of Commerce,
addressed the staff of his Ministry in a speech lay.
ing particular stress on the necessity for unity of
action. The Minister further said :—" It is neces-
sary for Austria that all commerce should be free,
and that labour should receive a better remunera-
tion. All obstacles which oppose the free develop-
ment of material interests ought therefore to be
removed. The centre of our action does not lie in
our offices alone ; we must seek it in the world
beyond."
The Oesterreichesche Zeitung says:—" The con-
clusion of the new loan may be regarded as an
accomplished fact."

POLAND.
WARSAW, OCT. 9.

The Commissioners of Justice at Warsaw have
received a communication from Herr von Trapow,
the Minister of Police, announcing that the state of
siege in the kingdom of Poland will be raised at the
opening of the new year.

The Commissioners are therefore instructed to
fix legal punishments for those offences which are
brought before the police tribunals for adjudication.

FRANCE AND ITALY.
PARIS, OCT. 10.

The Journal des De'Lats of to-day says :

" It is stated as certain that Count Walewski
is about to proceed to Florence on a political
mission."

BOURSE, Oct. 9.—Two o'Clock.—The feeling of
the market is decidedly better, though no important
improvement has taken place in the different quota-
tions. The London market is also telegraphed as
much stronger, and Consols have recovered I per
cent. French Three per Cents. are doing at 67f.
70c.—a fractional advance. The Shares of the
Credit Mobilier, Credit Foncier, Comptoir d'Es-
compte, and the principal speculative values, are
steady, but without any material variation in prices.
In the Railway Share Market an advance has taken
place in several companies. Lyons have improved
5f., Northern 2f. 50c., Austrian 2f. 50c. Italian
Fives have advanced 121 c., having attained 65f.
Three o'Clock.—The Bank of France has raised the
rate of discount to 5 per cent. Prices have gene-
rally improved, the last quotations being as fol-
lows : . .
per Cents

Do. end month —

3 per Cents. 67 65
Do. end month
_67 72}

Credit Mobilier 832 56
Do. end month 835
Bank Shares 3595

Credit Foncier 1295
Italian Loan 64 80
Do. end month 65 15

Ditto Threes —
Roman 75
Mexican Loan 471
Do. Bonds 315
Russian -
Austrian
Spanish Threes
Home Debt —
Deferred

'AYR.

Cash. Amt.
„• ... 813 75
... 1085
... 853 75
... 562 10

Orleans
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona

"I regret that in times past no closer relations were al-
lowed to exist between Brazil and the United States ;
holding similar positions on the two parts of the American
continent, they ought not merely to be good neighbours,
but should be intimately associated together in political as
well as commercial intercourse. It is my strong desire to
contribute to that association. Our policy is one which is
simple and easily understood. We wish to promote the pro-
gress of civilisation in this hemisphere, and for that pur-
pose the development of material resources, the improve-
ment of commerce, and the introduction, as fast as pos-
sible, of free, intelligent labour into the virgin fields of
the continent. Instead of weakening the American States
in our vicinity, we wish to impart strength to them by
reposing in them a generous confidence rather than by
indulging jealousies of their prosperity, or a querulous
disposition as to the manner in which their Govern-
ments are administered. Above all, we wish to im-
press them with the conviction that all the nations of
America, if they would continue to exist, must aspire to
absolute self-sustaining independence, and to a perfect
political equality with the other nations of the earth. If
Brazil will.agreo with us in this policy, wo shall hereafter
be not only close friends, but practically firm and fast
allies."

Roman

- - ... 530 -
- - ... 232 50
- - ... 400 -

- - ... 430 -
- - ... 192 50
- - ... 270 -

200 -

Colonel S. A. Thomas, assistant-commissioner
of the Freedman's Bureau of Mississippi, has fur-
nished recently a lengthy report. The colonel
states that no property has been libelled for confis-
cation in Mississippi, and that the bureau has
made no attempt to distribute land in small lots
to the freedmen. Citizens having been pardoned,
were returning to the State and claiming their
property, and any attempt to distribute confis-
cated lands among the negroes could only be suc-
cessful through strong military assistance, as even
naval men were opposed to such distribution, as
were the national military forces. The Missis-
sippi Bureau was supporting only about 4,500
negroes, and was issuing rations to some 2,500
white persons. The report states that the organiza-
tion of the State militia, under the recent order of
Governor Sharkey, approved by the President, was
creating a great panic among the freedmen. Colonel
Thomas says that he believes the negroes will make
armed opposition to the execution of the militia en-
rolment, they being highly excited and partially
armed. lle also predicts trouble between the white
and negro populations in case the Federal troops
are withdrawn. The planters were, however, get-
ting along very quietly with their former slaves,
who were working in great numbers for themunder
contract.

AMERICA.
(Per the City of Boston via Crookhaven).
NEW YORK, SEPT. 30 (Morning).
The Alabama Convention has repudiated the
whole Confederate debt.

The South Carolina Convention has adjourned,
after repealing the secessional ordinance, and pass-
ing a resolution abolishing slavery.
The South Carolina Convention have adjourned,
after repealing the Secession ordinance, abolishing
slavery, giving the election of governor and presi-
dential elections to the people, unanimously en-
dorsing the administration, and directing a commis-
sion to submit a code to the Legislature for the

protection of the negroes.
The election of members to the Legislature is
fixed for October 18. James S. Orr has been nomi-
nated Governor. The members for Congress will
be elected in November.

SEPT. 28.
The Washington correspondent of the New York
Herald says :

Resolutions were passed declaring that the people
having been defeated by political majorities, as well
as by the sword, it was not wise to continue the
contest, and they therefore resolve that the Union
was the paramount consideration of the people.
The sovereignty resides in the people, the Federal
Government being its authorised representative
within the Constitution. The late war arose from
an apprehension on the part of the weaker section
of future oppression, and in a belief in the Consti-
tutional right of Secession. The war, therefore,
not having been strictly in the nature of a rebellion,
the Convention suggests to the President not to
enforce the penalties legally fixed to a rebellion.

" There is a growing probability that the balance of the
Ten-Forty Loan, which amounts to $27,000,000, will be
called for."

The New York Herald says that the cotton and
corn crops in Mississippi are a failure, that the
people will have to draw rations from other States
for another year. The railroads remain unrepaired,
the whole country is devastated and the people are
idle and thriftless.

General Howell Cobb hasbeen arrested on charges
involving him in the Andersonville atrocities.
The New York papers publish the following :
" Fort Laraime, Sept. 26.

" Information was received to-day from General Con-
ner's eighth column, under Colonel Colo, to the 21st inst.
It has been encamped near Fort Connor since the 20th.
He has lost 600 horses and 200 mules, which were frozen
to death in one night on the Ist September. He was
attacked by a war party of Sioux Cherokees and Wapahoes
on Powder River. They were repulsed with heavy loss.
Our loss was four killed and two wounded. Tho Indians
appeared in force and were driven 10 miles. Tho next
day the engagement was renewed, and lasted until noon.
The Indians were again defeated with great slaughter,
their loss being from '2OO to 600 killed and wounded. The
Indians fled in every direction. Our troops were unable
to pursue on account of the poor condition of our stock.
Our loss was one killed, and one officer and two men
wounded. The Indians lost a large number of horses.
The Indians again attacked our troops on the Bth, and
after a short and spirited engagement they were totally
routed and beautifully cleaned out. Their force was
estimated at three thousand. They lost many of their
principal chiefs. Our total loss reported in the three en-
gagements was seven killed, and ono officer and two men
wounded. Another battle was expected on Powder River,
but the Indians suddenly disappeared. Colonel Cole will
camp at Fort Connor until information is received from
General Conner."

According to the same paper President Johnson
will shortly relieve Kentucky from martial law.

The Massachusetts Democratic State Convention
has endorsed President Johnson's policy and pro-

raised him support.
Captain Hall has written from the Arctic Regions,
under the date of December, 1864, stating that he
had information from the natives, leading them to
believe there may yet be three survivors of Frank-
lin's expedition, including Crozier, who succeeded
Franklin on his death.
COMMERCIAL.

NEW YORK, Sept. 30 (Morning).

Money easy. Gold, 144. Exchange on London,
157; ; on Paris, 3.57 k. Stocks dull. New. York
Central, 95 ; Illinois, 129 ; Erie, 88 ; Five-Twenty
United States Bonds, 107 i. Cotton slightly firmer;
Middling Upland, 45. Flour advancing. Wheat
firmer. Provisions quiet. Sugar buoy ant. Mo-
lasses steady. Petroleum good inquiry ; do. crude,
40 ; do. refined, 63 65,

At the First Board to-day New Yokk Centrals
were quoted 951; Illinois, 1281; Erie, 881; 5-20
Bonds, 1071.

NEW YORK, Sept. 26 (Evening).
President Johnson has, during the past week,
granted a large number of special pardons, among
them some to prominent Virginians. It is generally
believed that Alex. H. Stephens will soon be par-
doned ; and even in Mr. Davis's case the public
journals are beginning to discuss the probabilities of
a pardon, as the President, it is thought, can hardly
turn a deaf ear to the numerous petitions coming
before him in behalf of the Confederate leader,
especially as those petitions, signed in many cases
by very prominent persons, urge the President's
consideration of the fact that Mr. Davis was in no
manner personally responsible for the rebellion,
being but the representative of the almost unani-
mous will of the Southern people.
At the reorganisation State Convention of Ala-
bama in session at Montgomery, on the 23d inst.,
the following ordinance was adopted :—" Be it or-
dained by the people of the State of Alabama, in
Convention assembled, that the institution of slavery
has been destroyed. in the State. Hereafter there
shall be no involuntary servitude in Alabama,
otherwise than for the pitnikment of crime, whereof

The following despatch has been received from
Newbern, South Carolina, dated 23d inst. :
" The Southern Advocate of the 18th inst. says :—' The
following extract, which has just been published, is from
tho late President Lincoln's letter to General Wandsworth,
who fell in the battle of the Wilderness. The letter, which
is of a private character, is to be sent to General Wands-
worth's family. It shows that Mr. Lincoln, who desired
the bestowal of the elective franchise upon the blacks, was
also at an early day in favour of granting universal
amnesty, which, for some strange and unaccountable
reason, is still withheld from the South, notwithstanding
it is known that it was his intention to grant, without any
exception, a general pardon. His wishes in this particular
the American people cannot afford to disregard. Congress
will no doubt exact the right of suffrage for the blacks.
Why universal amnesty should be withheld until that
time wo are unable to see. This was certainly not Mr.
Lincoln's plan, whose intentions all parties should sac-
redly observe.'
" The following is the extract referred to, in which Mr.
Lincoln says :—' You desire to know, in the event of our
complete success in the field, the same being followed by
a loyal and cheerful submission on the part of the
South, if universal amnesty should not bo accomplished
with universal suffrage. Now, since you know my
private inclinations as to what terms should be granted
to the South in the contingency mentioned, I will here add
that if our success should thus be realised, followed by
such desired results, I cannot see if universal amnesty is
granted, how under the circumstances I can avoid
exacting in return universal suffrage, or at least suf-
frage on the basis of intelligence and military service.
How to bettor the condition of the coloured race has long
been a study which has attracted my serious and careful
attention ; hence I think I am clear and decided as to what
course I shall pursue in the premises, regarding it as a re-
ligious duty, as the nation's guardian of these people, who
have so heroically vindicated their manhood in the battle-
field, where, in assisting to save the life of the Republic,
they have demonstrated in blood their right to the ballot,
which is but the humane protection of the flag they have
so fearlessly defended.'"