The Sun.
London, England, 1865-01-06 00:00:00

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deer, Which rag wrecked ditri
Fife Ness. Various other reward. 'l;irie.,...4i-3.0*"8,/,'2.
to the crews of fishing boats anAtit 1-01i4•41_!4';',)-
saving or attempting to safe, life trgm diferei
wrecks on the coast of the United Kingdom. 1t wa
reported that two lifeboats, built under the supe-
rintendence of the institution, had been sent to the
lifeboat societies of South Holland and Marseilles.
The governor of New Zealand, in a letter to the in-:
stitution of the 7th Oct., stated that the valuable in::
structions of the institution for the restoration of the
apparently drowned would he extensively circulated
throughout the colony. Legt, cies of 400/. from the
late Hon. Mrs. Fitzroy, 1001. from Mr J. Marchant
of Guildford, and 19/ 19s. from Mr. C. Icinm of the
National Debt-office, had recently been left to the
.institution. Dr. Watson,
.of Derby, had sent to the
institution the cost of a lifeboat promised by his late
sister—Miss Watson, of that town—who had died
intestate and somewhat suddenly. 15uring the past
month the institution had sent new lifeboats to Piel,
Lancashire, and to New Quay., Cardiganshire. The
cost of the former had been collected by the com-
mercial travellers, and that of the latter by the
Ancient. Order of Foresters. Messrs: Forrestt, of
Limehouse, had lifeboats building for the insti-
tution, the cost of which was between
2,000/. and 3,000/. .The cost of a lifeboat
station was altogether 600/., and 50/.. a year
were
.required to maintain it in a state of effi-
ciency. New lifeboats were ordered to be
stationed at Sunderland, and-at Maryport, Cumber-
land. Reports were read from the inspector and
the assistant-inspector of lifeboats to the institution
on their recent visit to the lifeboats of the society
on the coast of North Wales, Cornwall, and Devon.
Everywhere they found the loats in excellent order,
and their crews perfectly satisfied with them. Pay-
ments amounting to nearly 1,400/. were ordered to
be made on various lifeboat establishments. Votes
of thanks were given by the committee to the chair-
man and °thews- of the instftrititgiMid the proceed-
ing terminated.

1~, _

Dr, Livingstone in Notts,

MANsnELD, Wednesday. -
For some time past Dr. Livingstone and Dr. Kirk have
been staying at Newstcad Abbey, the Seat of the late Lord
Byron, and now of Mr. Webb. A crowded meeting was
held in the Mansfield Townhall last night, under the aus-
pices of the Mechanics' Institute, at which Dr. Livingstone
and Dr. Kirk, naturalist, of the Zambesi expedition, were

present.
Dr. TATINGSTONE, on rising, was received with great
cheering. He said if they looked on the map of Africa they
would observe that it contained 'an almost unbroken and
simple coast-line, and that no branches or arms of the sea
ran into it, and this probably was the . reason why Africa
had remained so long unexplored. The sea was the great
highway of nations, and Africa, having no sea running
into it, remained comparatively unknown until within the
last 20 years. Dr. Livingstone then adverted to his own
expeditions and ;exploration of the interior. In the first
they travelled through a well-watered country, and were
crossing streams almost every day. They also passed
through dense forests of gigantic timber, and among people
who had never seen a white man before. They had heard
of them, and had- even seen some of those prints which were
hey* supposed were the work
onfiafcaleiriaet Ms,oarnscollneSetebr, ein-Ugistienlot
tt
htuuan in their character tAll
tra-they heard of us was that we were white, and came
out of the sea. His men were rather fond of showing hint
as a real white man who had come out of the sea, and then
.pointed to his hair as offering a proof that it had been
straightened down by the action of water. From there
they came back to the Makololo country, taking with them
a good supply of beads and calico, but. when they got to
their destination they had lost all, and only possessed a few
new ideas. Then they tried the east coast, with the •view
of finding a path into the sea down the Zambesi river. In
the interior the river was as wide as the Thames at Rieh-
mond, and a number of branches ran into it before it reached
the east coast. The people through whom they trivellCd,
who had not been engaged in the slave trade, were civil .
kind, and;not at all the savages which they imagined them to
be. These people were generallyagriculturists. There were
very few who devoted themselves entirely to hunting.
Amongst them they, found blacksmiths and smelters of iron
from the ore, who .also forged hoes, Drives, handles, and
shears. He. took a sheep-bell, down to the Cape with him,
and the people there would not believe that it wets made by
black Men, it was welded so well ;' but he had' seen them
Make it. They were also good coppersmiths; and made
copper from malachite. They cultivated cotton, not in a
very large way, but as our forefathers cultivated wheat—
in little patches, when each family, had its little patch.. So
they had their little patele,s ,if e• ; on, and the Ineli spun
and weaved it. In almost. every village persons could. be
seen sitting weaving and spinning cotton. They also cul-
tivated a great many kinds of oa•a-io,•,a wi the soil in many
parts was exceedingly rich. ts• p,ople als., were exceed-
ingly. fond of trade. ;old they 1,-,:velle•t great distances in
order to exchange the productions ilvy raised for some-
thing else. Th•ro was an alonslan.• • i.f tobaeco, and they
were fond of enjoying, 'the fumes of that favourite weed.
Now, finding people so far civilised, anxious to trade, and
skilful in the art. of cultivation, it appeared to him (Dr.
Livingstone) that tls•ir disposition to trade and work might
be turned to advantage both to themselves and to this coun-
try. They saw that, on the west coast the efforts of the
Government cruisers had been very sneeessful indeed in
suppreSsing the slave trade, and giving eneouragement to
missionaries and traders, and in that. respect Lord Pal-
merston's policy had been attended with considerable suc-
cess. But they found that the ports on the east, side had
been shut up by the Portuguese Government. The Zam-
besi liver seemed to be a fairway into the interior, and
the portuguese were quite willing and professed them-
selves anxious that he should do what he could to bring
the different tribeS to a. state of Civilisation, and a better
aequaintance • with their fellow-mon. That was the
object -of Alto/Zambesi expedition, and with that idea
they went .by the Shirwa River, and 300 miles up
they came to a lake with the same name, with brakish
water, but with plenty of fish and hippopotami ; 300 miles
farther they came to the lake Nyassa, and they sailed up
that lake 280 miles. It was a. lake of fresh water from 20 to
60 yards broad, and surrounded by mountains. When they
ascended these mountains they found that they only formed
the edgo of avast. table land, 3,000 feet above the level of •
the sea. The continent of Africa was of such vast size that it
was difficult to give any accurate idea of it. to strangers.
On some of the hills ice and frost were seen ; in one place
grain was planted so plentifully that it could be obtained
at the cheapest rate ; while in another part food could not be
obtained for love or money. In any place where the rainfall
amounted on the'average to 35 inches per annum, they could
cultivate without irrigation ; but the crops, if allowed to re-
main, run rapidly into seed. Cotton would go on for three
years without replanting. The crops were of good quality,
and never injured by frost. Indigo plants reached the height
of a man, and sugar in some places was as prolific without.
guano as it was in the Mauritius with it. After alluding to
the tempting but delusive offer of laud at a low rate, which
the Portuguese Government made, but which land really be-
longed to a Zulu tribe, who regularly exacted tribute from
the Portuguese. Dr. Livingstone went on to notice t helabour
supply question, and said whenever you come to a slave
colony you find labour dear. It was so in the neighbourhood of
the Zambesi and the Shirwa, because all the labour that
could be obtained was exported into slavery, and so—like
the goose and the golden eggs—there was nobody left
to do the necessary labour at home. A gentleman had
been lately endeavouring to prove in the papers that
slavery was the right sort of thing for us, and indeed for
all the world. Now let them -take the article of coal. In
this country there was considerable difficulty in working
it ; they had to go to immense depths and make a great:
outlay in machinery. But in Africa, and by the Zambesi,
they found a very extensive coalfield which was believe to
behundreds of miles in extent, and to extend into the in-
terior. The late Dom Pedro the Fifth employed a small
steamer and a lot of slaves to get some of that coal, auct
the officer in charge gave them some accurate information
as to the expense, thus incurred, and they found it very
much dearer to have the work done by slaves than by.
Englis n
English
free
labour.a undersell
Wecould
uldccoals to the mouth of
the Zambesi, Portuguese, who had only U./
bring the coals down the river. The effect of slave labour
upon the slave was also worthy of remark, for they, poor
fellows, did the best they could, and that was never to de,
anything if they could help it. (Laughter.) It was very
natural, and he should do the same himself. But when
they hired them by the mouth, they were the most oblig-
ing and civil servants possible. Slavery was altogether
a great mistake. Dr. Livingstone concluded by describing
some of the other productions and characteristics of Africa,
and protested against that narrowness Of mind which,
while continually crying out, " Charity begins at home,'
neither exercised the virtue there nor anywhere else,. and
by urging the claims of Africa upon this country.
Dr. KIRK afterwards addressed the meeting.

FROM THE SEA.—A fisherman recently hauled up
a silver fork, marked " Atlantic," near the spot in Long
Island Sound where the steamer Atlantic wns wrecked on
November 27, 1846. It. is described as a very heavy old-
fashioned silver fork, hearing marks of long immersion in
water.

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