The Sun.
London, England, 1862-11-11 00:00:00

~-

55.

PUBLICATIONS

SECOND EDITION, REVISED,
Now ready, in 2 vols. Svo., with Portrait,
rri HE LIFE OF EDWARD IRVING, Minister
it of the Scotch Church, Illustrated
his JOURNALNationaI and CORRESPONDENCE. Lon
Bdon.y Mrs. OLIPHANbyT.
From the Edinburgh Review, October :—" Mr& Oliphant's
' Life of Edward Irving' supplim a long felt desideratum.
It is copious, earnest, and eloquent. Irving as a man
and as a pastor is not only fully sketched, but exhibited
with many broad, powerful, and life-like touches, which leave
a strong impression."
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

cences of that celebrated academy. At present the
West Point officers ate somewhat out of &tont
both with the President and the public; and the
professional jealousies whieh kept such thorough
soldiers as Generals Banks, Sigel, and others from
the positions to which their natural aptitude and
undoubted zeal and patriotism entitled them to
aspire, are not likely for the future to stand in the
way of military merit which was not fortunate
enough to be first developed in that ambitious little
nursery of warlike brothers. Both Buell and Bragg
have fallen under the displeasure of their respective
Governments; but Bragg, if he did not achieve all
that was expected of him in Kentucky, ought at all
events to receive from the Confederate press and
public the praise of having out-manoeuvred Buell,
of having withdrawn safely into Tennessee with an
immense stock of greatly-needed stores and provi-
sions, filling it is said 4,700 waggons, and of being
furthermore in a position whence the capture of
Nashville is so easy as to be all but certain.
The officious governors who recently met at
Altoona are again it appears bestirring themselves
to perplex, if not to overawe, the President, and
are to reassemble at Washington within a few days.
It is asserted that they have used their influence to
secure the removal of M'Clellan and of Buell ; that
their success in the one case has emboldened them
to presevere in the other ; that it was they who im-
pelled or compelled the President to order the ad-
vance of the army of the Potomac; that they object
to call the Southern army belligerents, to exchange
prisoners with them, or to look upon them in any
other light than as traitors, rebels, and murderers
—just as they consider Captain Semmes, of the
Alabama, and all the other naval officers and men
in the Confederate service to be pirates and outlaws ;
that they desire the prosecution of the war to the
last extremity of extermination, if need be ; and
that they call upon the President to supersede his
proclamation of negro freedom on conditions by a
new proclamation of immediate freedom without
conditions, except compensation to loyal owners.
If such be their aims and objects, Mr. Jefferson
Davis and the Southern people ought to be very
much obliged to them. They are as good as an
army to the Confederate cause. They disgust the
great bulk of the Northern people. They force the
popular mind to consider the probabilities of peace,
and to debate seriously the question which it has
hitherto refused to entertain, whether the loss of
the unwilling South would be a calamity half so
great and so deplorable as the loss of Northern
liberty, and the establishment of a despotism under
the guidance of such sanguinary doctrinaires and
philosophists as these.
The part taken by the clergy in the war has been
marked and decided both in the North and the
South. In the North, while the Episcopalians have
been neutral, the Presbyterian, the Puritanic, and
even the Unitarian pastors have been aggressive,
violent, unreasonable, and vindictive, If the solu-
tion of the difficulty could have been left to their
hands, and they had the means to convert their
bloodthirsty theories into facts, the extermination
of the Southern people would long ago have been
attempted. They have evinced the true spirit of
persecutors, and some of them in this city have
manifested as little reluctance to the use of the
stake and the gibbet against the friends of the
South as inquisitors in Spain would have exhibited
against heretics. In the South the clergy have been
less violent and more charitable, with the single
exception of the renegade Parson Brownlow. The
Episcopalians have prayed for the President of the
Confederate instead of the United States, and in
New Orleans and Nashville, and other places tem-
porarily occupied by Federal armies, where they
have not been permitted to offer up prayers for Mr.
Jefferson Davis, they have refrained from substi-
tuting the name of any other magistrate. This course
of proceeding has in many instances led to the clos-
ing of their churches, and in Nashville to the im-
prisonment of several of the most zealous cleygymen
by order of Governor Johnson. In New Orleans,
with such a man as Butler to deal with, the preachers
have been unusually cautious ; but hitherto that
redoubtable General, foiled, or at all events, damaged
in reputation by his attack upon the ladies, has been
chary of meddling with the church or the chapel.
But the rigour of his rule has been contagious
among his subordinates, and the little Jacks in Office
have taken pride in imitating the insolence of their
master. A recent letter from New Orleans narrates
a curious instance of military tyranny which has
occurred in that city. On Sunday, the 12th inst.,
a person in civilian costume entered the church of
St. Paul, nearly opposite to the head-quarters ofthe
General, and took his seat among the congregation.
The service proceeded in the usual way, until the
preacher c Ime to that portion of the ritual when
prayer should have been offered up for the chief
magistrate. Substituting no other name for that of
the President of the United States, he simply
omitted the passage, and was proceeding to the next,
when the stranger rose up, and with a loud voice
exclaimed, " Hold on !" Amid the flutter of excite-
ment caused among the congregation by the inter-
ruption, he proceeded to say that he had attended
church with the expectation of hearing the service
read without mutilation, that he had been disap-
pointed, that he was a major in the army of the
United States, and that he felt it to be his duty to
close the church immediately, and keep it closed
nutil a " Christian" minister could be obtained to
officiate in lieu of the person who had just nese-
crated the sanctuary. The major, therefore,
ordered the people to " clear out, " and
being obedient, as Americans always are,
they "cleared out" accordingly. It does not appear
whether General Butler approved or disapproved
the proceeding ; but if the church remains closed it
must be supposed that he has sustained the action
of his subordinate. It is not imperative in the
North or West that a clergyman should pray for
the President, or that he should pray at all, if he
have any objection to do so; but in the dominions
of Butler the case appears to be different. The
alliance of Church and State, repudiated all over
America, is enforced in these unhappy regions by
the sword; and Butler, like the Pope at Rome, or
the Czar at Moscow, is not tqnly the temporal but
the spiritual ruler, and claims as much right to re-
gulate men's prayers as to clean the streets, fee run-
away negroes, or hang " traitors" who pull down
his flag. The reporter of the occurrence states that
" after the doors were closed the major left, and the
congregation dispersed one after the other in any
mood but one consistent with the Sabbath day,"
and perhaps, as he might have added, without any
increase of loyalty and good feeling towards the
Northern Government that could authorise or per-
mit such an outrage.

aUILDHALL, 16th October, 1862.—The COM-
MITTEE for LETTING the CITY'S LANDS will
MEET at GUILDIIALL, on WEDNESDAY, the 12th No-
vember next, at One o'clock precisely, to receive PRO,
POSALS for a BUILDING LEASE for eighty, years of
PIECE of GROUND on the North Side of Queenhithe Dock,
in the City of London.

Plana of the Groun may be seen, and further particulars
and forms of tender obtained, upon application at the Archi-
tect's Office, Guildhall,
FERDINAND BRAND, Comptroller.

THE WAR IN AMERICA.

(Prom eke Times' Urrespondent.)
NEW YORK, OCT. 28.
" Hope springs eternal in the breast" of Ameri-
cans. The Republic " never is, but always to be,
blest" and victorious. Though M'Clellan's army is
well known to be in no condition to make an ad-
vance; though his Men complain loudly of the want
of the eommon necessaries of life ; though their pay
is several months in arrear ; though the veterans
who have gone with him through all his bloody and
bootless battles are beginning to desert, to re-enlist
at distant places for the sake of the bounty money,
to desert afterwards perhaps for the second time ;
and though the new volunteers remain in the dis-
tricts where they were recruited because the Go-
vernment has neither blankets nor rifles to distri-
bute among them, the public is daily amused with
anticuncements that the army.of the Potomac is to
march immediately against the toe and " crush the
rebellion" in one final and magnificent victory. Yes-
terday the semi-official announcement was made
from Washington in all the papers that the army
and navy would not much longer remain inactive,
but would commence a plan of operations promis-
ing the accomplishment of the most important re-
sults, the preparations for which were so nearly
completed, and were on such a scale of grandeur
" as to preclude even the probability of failure."
Popular credulity is inexhaustible on this conti-
nent. The crime of despairing of the Republic is
not acclimated. The people are quiet, patient, and
enduring beyond any other people on the earth,
and are content to wait with their eyes shut and
their mouths open for the rewards which worthy
Mr. Lincoln is preparing to drop between their
teeth. If they taste the sweets they will be very
much pleased, and if they get nothing they will not
be greatly disappointed. They have not much
heart in the business either way. They have
been fed upon vain promises too long to be very
enthusiastic about anything except a real, in-
dubitable, and proved success, of which the whole
course of the war has as yet afforded but one ex-
ample—the capture of New Orleans. Political
preachers like the Rev. Dr. Cheever may exclaim
from their pulpits, "In the name of God, let us
fight to the day of doom for the abolition of slavery ;
let our own generation go down to the grave fight-
ing !" but the public does not respond to such fervid
insanity, and, with the instincts of a commercial
nation, begins to count the cost and the advantage,
and to long for the time when the army or the
navy shall gain such a victory as may enable the
Federal Government to retire from the struggle
with the credit of magnanimity and some of the
honours of success.
To-day the public are informed that the army of
the Potomac has actually made an advance along
its whole line in the direction of Winchester.
Rumours were yesterday circulated that General
Lee had vacated that position and retired to Gor-
donsville, where he intended to await attack ; but
it is quite impossible to ascertain the truth of the
report. M'Clellan's advance is positive, but the
retreat of the Confederates and the evacuation of
the Shenandoah valley are not generally accredited.
Bat one thing is certain,—whatever may be the
military reasons for this show of activity, real or
assumed, it will occupy the public mind till the
eh ctions on Tuesday next, and please the impatient
Republicans, who are always crying out for ener-
getic measures, and who imagine that M'Clellan has
only to throw himself upon the Confederate army at
Winchester or elsewhere to annihilate it at a blow.
HA the army gone into winter quarters, as many
believe it ought to have done, considering all the
circumstances, there is no knowing how many dis-
gusted Republicans and Abolitionists would have
refrained from voting or gone over to the Demo-
cratic side. But this movement keeps them in good
humour, and secures their votes to their party. This
may not be the sole reason of M'Clellan's
" strategy" in this instance, but it is scarcely pos-
sible to avoid believing that it has had some in-
fluence on a movement which few suppose he has
made without official prompting.
The naval operations which, like the military
movements promised in the mysterious official
paragraph from Washington, are to be on such, a
scale as to preclude the probability of failure are
understood to refer to a renewrl of the expedi-
tions to clear the river Mississippi which were de-
feated during the summer by the successful resis-
tance of the city of Vicksburg. Gen. Butler has
hard work to feed the daily increasing hordes of
negro paupers in New Orleans, together with a
starving population, without trade or commerce, to
say nothing of the wants of his own army of occu-
pation ; and the Government naturally feels that
the work is both harder and more expensive than it
would be as long as flour and other provisions sell
at New Orleans for double and treble the price at
which they are to be obtained at St. Louie. They
are therefore anxious that the produce of the West
should freely pass down that great artery to the
famishing city. In addition to this great economic
consideration it is not creditable to Federal prowess
and ingenuity that the one great "snag"of Vicksburg
should continue to block the whole commerce of the
West. An immediate attempt will consequently be

DWIN'S
NOTICE.
" AFRICAN HUNTING,"
wnitellxtl:. My Beautiful Illustrations, will be ready on
Monday

Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

NOTICE.
MRS. TIALLIBURTON'S TROUBLES.-
-a_ By the Author of " East Lynne" and " The Chan-
nings," in 3 vols., post -tn., will be ready in a few days.

Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

Now ready, in 2 vois. crown Bvo., price 245., with Portrait
and Graphic Illustrations,
"CHRISTOPHER NORTH:"
A MEMOIR OF JOHN WILSON,
Late Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of
Edinburgh.
Compiled from Family Papers and other sources, by his
Daughter, Mrs. GORDON.
"This glorious book has come to make a sunshine in the
shady place of a season which is already making its dreari-
ness and bleakness felt.—Daily Review, October 24.
" From his infancy to the hcur of his death he displayed a
force of character, a vigour of intellect, and a rectitude of
conduct deserving of admiration, and every portion of his
life has been worthily recorded by his daughter"--Observer,
October 26.
" The authoress has related its details with so much feel-
ing and pathos, that, as a true expression of natural affection
to pr +lse it would be impertinent."—Times, October 27. ,
Edinburgh: Edmonston and Dow las. London: Hamil-
ton, Adams, and Co. ; and all Booksellers.

made by a formidable flotilla of gunboats and other
vessels, under the command of Admiral Porter, to

remove this and other obstructions, if not to pierce
into the heart of the cotton regions through the

great tributary rivers.
And here the question presents itself,—Are Ad-
miral Porter and his captains to confine their opera-
tions to this single achievement, or are they to pro-

claim freedom to the slaves as their gunboats make
their way up the Yazoo, the Red River, and the

distribute the President's Proclamation a
and make known to all the plantations the promise
other streams of the cotton regions? Arse theythe y g too,
to the black and the threat to the white race held
nut for the Ist of January ? Already the slaves in
Louisiana have been excited to revolt, and in one
plantation the negroes have murdered the overseer,
have escaped in a body to the number of 150, either
to take to the swamp and be a terror to the sur-
rounding country, or to find a refuge under the
protecting gis of General Butler. The policy of
piercing the rivers with Federal gunboats on this
particular mission is loudly advocated by the Aboli-
tionist press and pulpit. If attempted before the
Ist of January it will not only be an infamy in
itself, but a breach of faith on the part of the Pre-
sident; whereas, if only attempted after that date
liberationdtheoerfalint
GheeaonvNselrinaseistiseisnti
re sit3podiio
the infamy will not be aggravated by treachery.
The capture of Vicksburg is legitimate warfare.
The
bteyhe allF e
strive
whichattempt to excite servile insurction before or after
vernment, and excite
disposal
ot
saaenta
;r 1 objectl
buts t lya fornty
the new year will react fatally upon the Federal Go-
one half of the North and W as much horror in at least
foist as it will in Europe.
Gen. Buell, whose name for the last three
has excited almost as much ire
as that of months
M General
'Clellan in the gentle tfosonas of the ultraßepub-
licans, and whose game of chess on the great board of Kentucky with Gen. Bragg has been keenly
watched by the bewildered public, which saw but
in no degree understood the play, has been removed
frreommhstisrances aci
command,
in compliance with the urgent
on demands of the Abolitionists
and Exterminators. Gen. Rosencrans, his succes-
sor, is
•not a
graduate of West Point, and is expected
therefore, to be willing to carry on hostilities with-
out regard to the juvenile friendships and rezninis. 4 1

The city of New York, unlike Boston and Phila-
delphia, has not made any formal application to
the Governor to postpone the operation of the
I draught, which is fixed to commence on the 10th
of November. The applications for exemption have
within the last few days been exceedingly heavy.
Many thousands of persons above the age of 45
have been inscribed on the list ; and it is computed
that fully 30,000 Irishmen and Germans who have
never taken out letters of naturalisation are ready
and intend to prove their non liability. The cities of
New York and Brooklyn, notwithstanding the libe-
rality of the richer citizens in addi )g to the bounty
money promised by the Federal and the State Go-
vernments, are still deficient, it appears, in nearly
10,000 men. The bounty having failed to attract
the requisite number, the conscription is inevitable.
What prices the young and wealthy merchants,
bankers, and professional men, upon whom the lot
falls, will pay for substitutes remains to be seen
but they are. likely to be high. In some parts of
the country as much as 3,000 dole. (£600) has
been paid, together with a Weekly prevision for
the wi .fe and family of the substitute as long as
the war lasts. Irishmen and Germans of warlike
taste. A, therefore, will have a fine opportunity of
m lug money. Their nationality exempts them ilk

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from the draught, but does not incapacitate them
from volunteering; and if the lot will only be accom-
modating enough to fall upon the wealthy, and
upon those who are engaged in war contracts and
in cheating the Government, the 10,000 men will be
raised without difficulty. Should it fall upon a
large percentage of poor men, it is not quite so cer-
tain that ultimate trouble will come out of it.

The removal of the quotations of gold from the
official lists has not had the effect anticipated by
Mr. Chase and the bankers and brokers who
yielded to his suggestions in the matter. Gold
maintained itself yesterday at a premium of 311
per cent., and silver at 251, both manifesting a
tendency to rise.

MR. EMERSON ON PRESIDENT LIN-
COLN'S PROCLAMATION.

Ralph Waldo Emerson coutributes to the Novem-
ber number of the Atlantic Monthly the following
masterly review of the President's proclamation of
emancipation, its purpose, and its probable effect:
"In so many arid forms which states encrust
themselves with, once in a century, if so often, a
poetic act and record occur. These are the jets of
thought into affairs when, roused by danger or in-
spired by genius, the political leaders of the day
break the else insurmountable routine of class and
local legislation and take a step forward in the
direction of catholic and universal interests. Every
step in the history of political liberty is a sally of the
human mind into the untried future, and has the
interest of genius, and is fruitful in heroic anecdotes.
Liberty is a slow fruit. It comes, like religion, for
short periods, and in rare conditions, as if awaiting
a culture of the race which shall make it organic
and permanent. Such moments of expansion in
modern history were the Confession of Augsburg,
the plantation of America, the English Common-
wealth of 1646, the Declaration of American Inde-
pendence in 1776, the British Emancipation of
slaves in the West Indies, the passage of the Re-
form Bill, the repeal of the corn-laws, the magnetic
ocean telegraph, though yet imperfect, the passage
of the Homestead Bill in the last Congress, and
now, eminently, President Lincoln's proclamation
on the 22d of September. These are acts of
great scope, working on a long future, and
ou permanent interests, and honouring alike
those who initiate and those who receive them.
These measures provoke no noisy joy, but
are received into a sympathy so deep as to apprise
us that mankind are greater and better than we
know. At such times it appears as if a new public
were created to greet the new event. It is as when
an orator, having ended the compliments and plea-
santries with which he conciliated attention, and
having run over the superficial fitness and commo-
dities of the measure he urges, suddenly, lending
himself to some happy inspiration, announces with
vibrating voice the grand human principles involved
—the bravoes and wits who greeted him loudly
thus far are surprised and overawed ; a new audi-
ence is now found in the heart of the assembly—an
audience hitherto passive and unconcerned, now at
last so searched and kindled that they come for-
ward every one a representative of mankind, stand-
ing for all nationalities. The extreme moderation
with which the President advanced to his design—
his long-avowed expectant policy, as if he chose to
be strictly the executive of the best public senti-
ment of the country, waiting only till it should be
unmistakably pronounced—so fair a mind that none
ever listened so patiently to such extreme varieties
of opinion—so reticent that his decision has taken
all parties by surprise, whilst yet it is the just
sequel of his prior acts—the firm tone in which he
announces it, without inflammation or surplusage
—all these have bespoken such favour to the act,
that great as the popularity of the President has
been, we are beginnin to think that we have under-
estimated the capacity and virtue which the Divine
Providence has made an instrument of benefit so
vast. He has been permitted to do more for Ame-
rica than any other American man. He is well en-
titled to the most indulgent construction. Forget all
that we thought shortcomings, every mistake, every
delay. In the extreme embarrassments of his part,
call these endurance, wisdom, magnanimity, illu-
minated, as they now are, by this dazzling success.
When we consider the immense opposition that has
been neutralised or converted by the progress of
the war (for it is not long since the President anti

cipated the resignation of a large number of officers
in the army, and the secession of three states on the
promulgation of this policy)--when we see how the
great stake which foreign nations hold in our affairs
has recently brought every European power as a
client into this court, and it became every day more
apparent what gigantic and what remote interests
were to be affected by the decision of the President
—one can hardly say the deliberation was too long.
Against all timorous counsels he had the courage to
seize the moment; and such was his position, and
such the felicity attending the action, that he has
replaced government in the good graces of mankind.
Better is virtue in the sovereign than plenty in
the season,' say the Chinese. 'Tis wonderful what
power is, and how ill it is used, and how its ill use
makes life mean, and the sunshine dark, Life in
America had lost much of its attraction in the later
years. The virtues of a good magistrate undo a
world of mischief, and, because nature works with
rectitude, seem vastly more potent than the acts
of bad governors, which are ever tempered by
the good nature of the people, and the incessant

resistance which fraud and violence encounter,

The acts of good governors work at a geometrical
ratio, as one midsummer day seems to repair the
damage of a year of war. A day which most of us
dared not hope to see, an event worth the dreadful
war, worth its costs and uncertainties, seems now to
be close before us. October, November, December,
will have passed over our beating hearts and plot-
ting brains; then the hour will strike, and all men
of African descent who have faculty enough to find
their way to our lines are assured of the protection
of the American law. It is by no means necessary
that this measure should be suddenly marked by
any signal results on the negroes or on the rebel
masters. The force of the act is that it commits the
country to this justice—that it compels the innu-
merable officers, civil, military, and naval, of the
republic to range themselves on the line of this
equity. It draws the fashion to this side. It is
not a measure that admits of being taken back.
Done, it cannot be undone by a new administration.
For slavery overpowers the disgust of the moral
sentiment only through immemorial usage. It can-
not be introduced as an improvement of the 19th
century. This aet makes that the lives of our heroes
have not been sacrificed in vain. It makes a vic-
tory of our defeats. Our hurts are healed ; the
health of the nation is repaired. WWI a victory
like this we can stand many disasters. It does not
promise the redemption of the black race—that lies
not with us—but it relieves it of our opposition.
The President by this act has paroled all the slaves
in America—they will no more fight against us—
and it relieves our race once for all of its crime
false position. The first condition of success
is
we have reco and
se-
cured in putting ourselves right. I
vered ourselves from our false position, and planted

ourselves on a law of nature.
" ' If that fail,
The pillared firmament is rottenness,
And earth's base built on stubble.'
The Government has assured itself of the best con-
stituency in the world ; (woo- spark of intellect,
her, hy
every virtuous feeling, every religious
hilosop eart, ever
the
man of honour, every poets every p
to it
so
fsilt L.
generosity of the cities, the health of the country,
the strong arms of the mechanics, the endurance of
farmers, the passionate consmence of women, the
,vvsteanatre assuming
thus declared. It must not be a a
pBYormt.PaOthfYcooufrsed
policy Per pro-
clamation. We confide that Mr. Lincolnp•
Is in ear-
nest, and, as he has been slow in waking
:up his

/2

PRICE..... —.Ad'

'A3WED

mind, has resisted the importunacy of parties and
of events to the latest moment, he will be as abso-
lute in his adhesion. Not only will he repeat and
follow up his stroke, but the nation will add its
irresistible strength. If the ruler has duties, so has
the citizen. In times like these, when the nation is
imperilled, what man can, without shame, receive
good news from day to day without giving good
news of himself ? Wnat right has any one to read
in the journals tidings of victories, if be has no..
bought them by his own valour, treasure, personal
sacrifice, or by service as good in his own depart-
ment. With this blot removed from our national
honour, this heavy load lifted off the national heart,
we shall not fear henceforward to show our faces
among mankind. We shall cease to be hypocrites
and pretenders, but what we have styled our free
institutions will be such. In the light of this
event, the public distress begins to be removed.
What if the brokers' quotations show our stocks
discredited, and the gold dollar costs one hundred
and twenty-seven cents ? These tables are falla-
cious; Every acre in the free states gained sub-
stantial value on the 22d of September. The cause
of disunion and war has been reached, and begun
to be removed. Every man's house, lot and garden,
are relieved of the malaria which the purest winds
and the strongest sunshine could not penetrate and
purge. The territory of the Union shines to-day
with a lustre which every European emigrant can
discern from far ; a sign of inmost seprity and parr
manence. Is it feared that taxes will dbeck immt-
gration ? That depends on what the taxes are Spent
for. If they go to fill up this yawning Dismal
Swamp, which engulphed armies and populaLions,
and created plague and neutralised hitherto all the
vast capabilities of this continent—then this taxa-
tion, which makes the land wholesome and habi-
table, and will draw all men unto it, is the best in-
vestment in which the property holder ever lodged
his earnings. Whilst we have pointed out the oppor-
tuneness of the proclamation, it remains to be said
that the President had no choice. He might look
wistfully for what variety of courses lay open to
him; every line but one was closed up with fire. This
one, too, bristled with danger, but through it was
the sole safety. The measure he has adopted was im-
perative. It is wonderful to see the unseasonable
senility of what is called the peace party, through all
its masks, blinding their eyes to the main features of
the war, namely, its inevitableness. The war
existed long tefore (the cannonade of Suhiter, and
could not be postponed. It might have begun
otherwise or elsewhere, but war was in the minds
and bones of the combatants, it was written on the
iron leaf, and you might as easily dodge gravita-
tion. If we had consented to a peaceable secession
of the rebels, the divided sentiment of the border
states made peaceable secession impossible, the in-
satiable temper of the South made it impossible,
and the slaves on the border, wherever it might be,
were an incessant fuel to rekindle the fire. Give
the Confederacy New Orleans, Charleston, and
Richmond, and• they would have demanded St.
Louis and Baltimore. Give them these, and they
would have insisted on Washington. Give them
Washington, and they would have assumed the
army and navy, and, through these, Philadelphia,
New York, and Boston. It looks as if the battle-
field would have been at least as large in that event
as it is now. The war was formidable, but could
not be avoided. The war was and is an immense mis-
chief, but brought with it the immense benefit
of drawing a line, and rallying 'the free states to
fix it impassably—preventing the whole force of
Southern connection and influence throughout the
North from distracting every city with endlegs,con-
fusion , detaching that force and reducing it to hand-
fuls, and, in progress of hostilities, disinfecting us of
our habitual proclivity, through the affection of
trade and the traditions of the democratic party to
follow Southern leading. These necessities which
have dictated the conduct of the Federal Governmen

are overlooked, especially by our foreign critics.
The popular statement of the opponents of the war
abroad is the impossibility of our success. If you
could add,' say they, to your strength the whole
army of England, of France, and of Austria, you
could not coerce 8,000,000 of people to come under
this government against their will.' This is an odd
thing for an Englishman, a Frenchman, or an Aus-
trian to say, who remembers the Europe of the last
70 years,—the condition of Italy, until 1859—0 f
Poland, since 1793—0 f France, of French Algiers—l

of British Ireland and British India. But granting
the truth, rightly read, of the historical aphorism,
that the people always conquer,' it is to be noted
that, in Southern states, the the tenure of land and
the local laws, with slavery, give the social system
not a democratic, but an aristocratic complexion;
and those states have shown every year a more
hostile and aggressive temper, until the instinct of
self-preservation forced us into the war. And the
aim of the war on our part is indicated by the aim
of the President's proclamation, namely, to break
up the false combination of Southern society, to
destroy the piratic feature in it which makes it our
enemy only as it is the enemy of the human race,
and so allow its reconstruction on a just and health-
ful basis. Then new affinities will act, the old re-

pulsions will cease, and the cause of war being re-
moved, nature and trade may be trusted to establish a
lasting peace. Wethink we cannot overtake the wis-

dom and benefit of this act of the government. The

malignant cry of the secession press within the free

states, and the recent action of the Confederate Con.

gress, are decisive as to its efficiency and correctness
of aim. Not less so is the silent joy which has

greeted it in all generous hearts, and the new hope
it has breathed into the world. It was well to de-
lay the steamers at the wharves until this edict

could be put on board. It will be an insurance to
the ship as it goes plunging through the sea with
glad tidings to all people. Happy are the young
who find the pestilence cleansed out of the earth,
leaving open to them an honest career. Happy the
old, who see nature purified before they depart.
Do not let the dying die : hold them back to this
world, until you have charged their ear and heart
with this message to other spiritual societies, an-
nouncing the amelioration of our planet.
' lncertainties now crown themselves assured,'
And Peace proclaims olives of e.ndle_ss aagcoe.
which
Meantime that ill-fated, much injured
hat of the
the proclamation respects will lose somewhat
bronzed dejection sculptured for ageliang
of their plaintive
coun-
tenance, uttered in the '
music—a race naturallyvbweeranyevolent, joyous, docile,
miseries sprang from
industrious, and
Usefulness, which in a more
their great talentwfhoorsi
defend their independence,
moral age will not
only
among nations."
but will give them a

IThe French Mediterranean experimental squad.
ro
_, , was to have been sent to the coast of Greece,
willn iai
spvro:biy
in
required t • not proceed there at present, as the vessels
already
the Levant seem sufficient for all that may be
here This abstention, if confirmed, would seem
to indicate that the French Government does not feel much
uneasiness at the chance of success, which. some journals
attribute to the Republican party in Greece.
THE POACHING ACT AND THE SALMON FISH-
EniEs AcT.—A " caution to poachers and others" has
just been posted throughout the county of Hereford by the
authorities, informing all persons of the provisions of these
two new acts et Parliament, and of the powers of the
police to seize game and poaching implements and summon
the possessors. Notice is also given of the provisions of
the new Salmon Fisheries Act, and of the penalties in-
curred by persons who have salmon in their possession
between the 3d of September and the 2d of February—the
fence season.
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