The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-18 00:00:00

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THE SUN.

LONDON, .MONDAY, AUGUST 18, 1862.

Solemn lectures on the inconsistency of English
men leaning to the cause of the South have no
yet ceased. But the reply to these homilies is
plain—the North itself must answer for it all. Both
parts of the name under which we are accused of
inconsistency compel a kind of sympathy with the
South. We are English; therefore, we resent the
special ill-treatment we get from the North. We
are men, therefore, we feel for men who fight so
bravely with their hands tied. We do not deny
that blockades have been and are held to be lawful
in war. But we also hold that the American
blockade is a confession that the North cannot fight
the South on equal terms. The twenty millions
cannot fight the six millions (of whites) unless they
keep the latter out of the arms and ammunition
which Europe can furnish.. This may be lawful
fighting, but it is not equal fighting. We do not
know an Englishman who has not, therefore, as a
man, felt an irrepressible interest in the marvellous
skill and courage with which the party, whose
hand is tied by the Northern navy, has fought its
battle. It is not in human nature not to wish for
s
cuss to DAVID with his sling against the mailed
giant with his sword and spear.
And as to the rude Yankees and their rude Secre-
tary of State--where is the Englishman who does
not share the feelings uttered so honestly by Mr.
ROEBUCK at Shesuiv
We may permit our Go-
vernment to hesitate and be cautious about recog-
nition, and we may in our cooler moments despise
the contemptible insults 13- f
Yankees too much to
make them a ground of national action, but the feel-
ing of irritation will remain, do What
we will, and
the Northerners take care
it shall not cool. The
very latest accounts tell us of uamosta scious and
cowardly attack on the British steamerthaßerald,
and of an insolent boarding of another mail stearner,
as if the Trent affair had not been enough. The
British light.
Herald was at half-speed in sight of a
house, and because she would not stop after hoisting
the British flag, the Adirondac,Yankee frigate,steers
cif her four hundred yards, fires a broadside into
her, and continues the firing till she was within
two miles of the lighthouse. The British Queen
is also reported to have been boarded, and her cargo,
destined for Nassau, a British port, is detained at
New York. And all this is done by the men who
almost made it a case of war that our gun-boats
should examine whether slavers carrying the Ame-
rican flag were really American vessels ! Is it to
encourage such intolerable pretensions, that we are
to sympathise with the North rather than the
South? With fellows who not only show No cour-
tesy to English vesoels, but who, consciously unable
to fight a well-armed South, treat unarmed Bi itish
ships with desperate violence and spiteful rudeness ?
The survey of the state of affairs indicated by the
voluminous news just arrived is, indeed, still any-
thing but encouraging for the Northerners, and we
make some allowance for the soreness they must
naturally feel under the collapse thus far of their
first of thirty daps,expectations,then of a ninety
days' settlement- A people
must be somewhat
provoked to find the army, whiehwm to have taken
Richmond, almost as likely to be taken itself; and
the fleets, which were to clear the lc
ob-
liged to retire before extemporised defences at

---_,-----7---
Vicksburg ; again reminding us that Sebastopol,
Fort Darling, on the James River, and Vicksburg,
are all illustrations of the sufficiency of fortifications
thrown up when and where wanted, to turn
back a powerful invader. The successes on
the Confederate side, in Missouri, and on the Fede-
ral side in Virginia, were both too much
of the guerilla character, to be of any
weight whatever in determining the course of mili-
tary events. The most favourable thing for
M'CLELLAN is that he has been able to clear the
other side of the James river of the Confederate
batteries and troops which molested his shipping.
This looks as if he were yet master of the river, and
could remain or leave at his pleasure.
The PRESIDENT has actually come forward and
spoken at a public meeting at Washington. Some
difference there certainly is between an American
president and an European monarch ! He came
out, also, to explain to the nation cabinet secrets.
The rumoured quarrel between the SECRETARY AT
WAR and M'CLELLAN was his topic. It had be-
gun to tell discouragingly on public spirit, so
"honest ABE" takes to the platform, and explains
all to his masters. He accounted for the chief dis-
crepancies between the friends and the enemies of
Mr. STANTON by the difference between the number
of troops in the lists of those sent to M'CLELLAN,
and the number of effeetives. The friends of
STANTON laid stress on the former, his enemies on
the latter. Moreover it sometimes happened that
the General would be right in asking for
what he wanted, and the Secretary right
in refusing what he had not to send. The Pre-
sident had faith in his Secretary of War as an
able and brave man, and, as justice required of
him, took on himself what had been charged on
his Secretary. We suppose, therefore, the con-
clusion of the whole affair of the Federal defeat
at Richmond is, on the authority of the Presi-
dent, that M'CLELLAN was not strong enough on
the spot to hold his position, and that Mr. STAN-
TON was not strong enough in reserves to send
him the requisite reinforcements.
The grand topic, therefore, now with all the
papers is the enlistment, and as diverse as their
inclinations are the representations both of the
press and of correspondents. Some deocribe
dranghting, or compulsory service, as what the
Free States will never submit to. The very
numerous foreigners also who, though they may
have lived in the States ten or twelve years, are
still British or German, sometimes Norwegian
citizens, assert their technical and legal nationality.
Many, it is said, of the Irish have already de-
camped for Canada, whither more threaten
to follow them. Others represent the draught-
ing as not likely to be so unpopular ;

the richer and middle classes are very decided for I
a grand and final effort; the poorer classes know
that, as substitutes, they shall obtain a much larger
sum than the highest bounty offered for enlist-
ment. The only hardship would fall on the poor
man selected by the ballot, who could not afford a
substitute, however much he might wish it. The
ballot, however, we are told, will be managed so as
to take the richer classes chiefly, and hence the
great majority of those who actually serve will do
so, as substitutes, of their own free choice. This is
certainly adroit Yankeeism. The success of the
scheme will, however, depend upon the possibility
of stuffing the ballet-box adversely to the rich.
It would seem likely that this last proposal will
be the last great Northern effort—that if it suc-
ceed, and the South be crushed, well; if not, pro-
bably no further great attempt to conquer will
be made. It stands thus, that 300,010 volun-
teers having been called for in vain, the
PRESIDENT demands 300,000 of the militia
for nine months' service. These latter he
can require the several States to furnish, and
r already, we are told, the North Western States
have shown considerable alacrity in responding
to his call. The immediate object of the draught-
ing is, of course, to obtain the first 300,000. If
any State therefore fails to furnish its number
of volunteers, it is to make good the deficiency by
draughting from its militia. Besides the bounties
a new bid is made for recruits, such an one as
was probably never made before—the Secretary of
War informs the public that "the regulations will
provide for ridding the service of such incompetent
persons as now hold commissions," " preventing the
appointment, in the military service, of incompe-
tent or unworthy officers,"—and the consequence
is to be promotion by merit !—as the Secretary
expresses it—" the promotion of officers of the army
and volunteers for meritorious and distinguished
services." We commend Mr. STANTON'S order of
the 4th to the special notice of Sir G. C. LEWIS
and the Duke of CAMBRIDGE. A similar one would
assuredly not a little "flutter the Horse Guards."
Looking at the temper of the people, and their call
for energetic measures, there seems reason to believe
that by the late autumn, the ranks of the North
may be again pretty well filled.

The impressions vary that were produced
upon the minds of different beholders by
the imperial spectacles witnessed by vast
multitudes on the eve and on the day
itself of the Fete NAPOLEON. Says one cor-
respondent—the EMPEROR was looking in excel-
lent health. Says another—speaking of his MA-
JESTY—" he looked much thinner than he was last
spring, and as though old age was coming rapidly
upon him." Remarking, also, "The change that
has lately taken place in his appearance is very
striking. But," adds the writer, "Notwithstand-
ing a certain fatigued air he still seems as though
a great deal of stamina remained to him." One
eye-witness and ear-witness of the review remarks
(as though it were significant and almost sinister)
that the crowd of civilians " whenever the EMPEROR
showed himself in any of the avenues leading to
or from the Champ de Mars"—substituted exclama-
tions of le Voila! Le Voila ! for the usual cries of Vive
-I,' Empereur ! So far, however, from our being
disposed to regard those substituted exclamations
a
indicative of diminished loyalty on the part of
the
multitude, we should rather feel inclined to
accept them
of a dwindled tokens of an increased rather than
interest. And such an estimate of
the popular feeling in
itdc
ohheueanrrtcna
oaco
if:
:eas,rti was,i
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when
: hl lei : referenceincident
te,on No
moved
NAPOLEON oi
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by
would seem to be ; stifled
tia,end borne out by an inci-
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mieous and unpremeditated
meet characteristic and
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1 x longer3:.):tits says
sf
held that
in it no
the most touching
programme, Precipitate
.
by the official
.B•She was
by his escort,
retiring surrounded
the Champs de Mars before. the Em
emotions which popular
enthusiasm is Privi.
ledged to utter, made the EMPEROR one
of
those ovations which would b
ordinary event in the annalse an extra.
of any i
other reign, fill 80 many
and which already
pages in those of the second Empire'
Thisr
is
romantic colouring of enthusiasm,enthusiasm,howeve ,
cruelly rubbed off, like the gilt from the ginger-
bread, by another and a wholly uncourtly
looker on, who protests that the "ovation" here
talked off by the Conetitutionnel was nothing
3 more than a rabble rush signifying
nothing.
Altogether the descriptions dropping in upon us noW

one by one, are so various and so conflicting that
it is difficult to reconcile them one with another.
These extraordinary diversities of opinion having
reference as the extracts already given, indicate,
on the one hand, to the appearance of the Eli-
PEI3.OR, and, on the other, to the bearing of the
population through the midst of which his
MAJESTY passed. One would think it almost
impossible that there could be too diametrically
opposite opinions produced by the aspect of
one and the same man ! His countenance
indicating perfect health to one observer, and be-
traying the rapid advance of old age to another !
One remembers, however, that pretty much the same
thing has often before occurred. Quot homines, &c
•
Each eye forms its own picture : and philosophers
in the science of optics are agreed that no two
reflections of the same object can possibly be strictly
speaking identical. After the campaign of Waterloo,
after the close of the Reign of a Hundred Days—the
Great NAPOLEON looked, in M. DE LAMARTINE'S
account of him, " fat and as yellow as an orange."
While not long afterwards the Exile of St.
Helena was described by Captain BASIL HALL
as one whose countenance was a perfect model
of elaseic beauty—his complexion, the very tex-
ture of his skin, being comparable only, in the
eyes of BASIL HALL, to the surface of marble
or of alabaster. As yellow as an orange," re-
collect, was the description of LAMARTINE—who
goes on to speak (it is in his " History of the
Restoration") of the Great EMPEROR'S form and
features having been flattered, ever since then,
alike by painter and sculptor ! Simply because
he (the annalist) looks back to the original
with jaundiced and unloving eyes ! No wonder
is it when we call incidents like these to
mind—that the very appearance of the reigning
Emperor of FRANCE, on Thursday and Friday
last, is matter of dispute between his partisans
and his antagonists. No wonder, certainly, that
the bearing of the multitude is described vari-
ously as having been cold and enthusiastic, ac-
cordingly as the wishes of the beholder prompted
him to recognise in what occurred tokens of loyalty
or of indifference.

Altogether the Fete appears to have passed off—
setting aside the conflicting opinions, and looking
simply to the bare facts—in every essential respect
most satisfactorily. The mere circumstance of
30,000 of the National Guard of Paris having been
passed in review by his MAJESTY, has about it
anything but a sinister significance. Not an acci-
dent is reported to have occurred during either of
the two days set apart for the public rejoicings.
That, again, of itself looks well. Particularly when,
it is remembered, that all Paris was out of doors,
young and old men—women and children. Besides
which the population of the capital was increased
by the presence of thousands from the suburbs and
even from remote provinces of the empire—to say
nothing of the always easily distinguishable throng
of foreigners. And this too with seventy thousand
men in arms collected together there in the Champ
de Mars ! As tokens of the imperial clemency at
the close of the Fetes upwards of a thousand forgats
were released either from the hulks or from durance
vile in the gaols—nearly 200 culprits of the
National Guard and nearly 800 peccant soldiers of
the line having, moreover, each his otherwise in-
evitable punishment remitted. •

Will RATAZZI long survive as Italian Prime
Minister ? It is certainly problematical. Who
shall venture to answer confidently—Yea or Nay ?
Those who believe with the Ministerial partisans at
Turin that the Royal Troops have already surrounded
GARIBALDI and his Rebels in the heart of Sicily ?
Or those who believe, on the contrary (with how
many Italians—at Milan, at Naples, at Florence I),
that not all the forces that the Turin Government
can direct against the General and his adherents
will venture to touch him? The Italian
admirers of GARIBALDI and we may be
certain that the name is legion—would hardly care
to stake much upon the lengthened stability of
Signor RATAZZI'S Administration. And it
is not very probable--whatever they may affect
to believe to the contrary—that the boldest
Ratazzians would like the responsibility of
giving the first signal of "Fire !" or of " Charge !"
to the royal troops now sent out in pursuit of GARI-
BALDI and his Garibaldians. It is just sheer folly,
we believe, and nothing less, to talk, as the official
braggarts at Turin have actually been talking re-
cently, about the hero having been surrounded, and
then commanded to surrender in the King's name
by the loyal bearer of a flag of truce ! What says
the moderate organ of the island, not the Mazzi-
nian or republican, but the liberal and constitu-
tional Corriere di Sicilia. Why in one of its latest
issues it speaks thus emphatically—" Every day,"
it says, " the telegraph reports that GARIBALDI is
in retreat, that the volunteers are dispersed, and
that the troops are in pursuit of the fugitives. Let
the Italians know, let Europe know, that GARI-
BALDI never retreats, that his followers will never
abandon him, and that the troops will never
pursue him or his. For be it known
that GARIBALDI is the only friend of Sicily. All
of us, Sicilians, are Garibaldians, and the army is
composed of Italians and not Austrians. And we
understand each other. When the telegraph casts
to the four winds of heaven tidings of defeat,
mutiny, desertion, we reply confidently—lied, lies,
lies! If you hear that the troops have attacked
GARIBALDI, reply—Then Palermo is in revolu-
tion." Words of denial could not be louder,
bolder, stronger, more explicit. And so far as
I mere reported facts go, they remain to this mo-
ment contradicted. GARIBALDI is there still—at
large, at the head of his armed followers ! He is
still slowly conducting them towards Messina. By
the time he has reached Messina—(we shall not have
to wait longer for a knowledge of the probable re-
sult)—the campaign which he has long been threa-
tening to adventure upon will already either have
been prevented or commenced.

The sentence of death passed on the condemned
soldier Flood has been commuted into penal servitude for
life.
The Independance Belge states that the Prince of
Carignan arrived at Turin on the 10th from France and
England, and that immediately on his arrival a council was
held under the presidency of the King, at which he was
present. It was said that the Prince had brought very im-
portant communications from Paris, and described the im-
pression which recent events had produced on the higher
regions of the political world in France.
EELS AND SALMON.—Modern investigation has
proved, as might be expected, that eels are the produce of
eels. There is, as yet, no place in this country of the nature
of a breeding pond, where the natural history of this fish
can be properly studied. There are ponds for storing lobsters
at Southampton, and there is a store pond for white-fish in
Scotland ; but we know of no breeding ponds either for eels
or cod fish, hence much of our ignorance about their powers
of growth or productiveness. We have also a pond on the
Tay, in Scotland, which has been ofuse in determining ques-
tions connected with the growth of salmon, and likewise of ad-
dg the value oftbe river, pond-bred salmon having eon-
amble:ably augmented the natural supplies of that fish; and
c consequence, raised the rental. It is likely that in
ell'accuou ' .
win be with the English salmon rivers breeding-ponds
young from
of fish erected on a large scale. The salmon being the king
and otr
able speenutieoYal value, it will undoubtedly prove a profit-
(;l to protect its spawn from injury and its
quantities of ewejltv:lction. In the natural state amazing
immediately app
are constantly destroyed, and count-
less thousands of IT
teett febmeuningerdatee."t
4heelnl4fieslehsaalree losty tfhreoimr
ewnaenmt
ioefs.prol-t
wou
is well known thaZiMoon of the river Tay, be-
tected in the same way aZlirPrise if other fish were dealt
entage of increase in
eauseiftrom their enemies a lar.rp!ronng animals are pro-
the supplies becomes
ueut.—Once; Week,