The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-01 00:00:00

how ever, to the consideration simply of this last
qua rter ending yesterday, as compared with the
cor responding quarter of last year—after mention-
in t. the deficiency by £617,000 under the Excise,
an d by £17,000 under the Property Tax, we have
to note, on the other hand, only a steady increase
ender all the other heads of revenue ! Under that
of the Customs, for example, the quarter's increase
is to the tune of £219,000. Under the Stamps it
is to the extent of £167,000. Under the general
head of Taxes, the increase is one of £6,000. The
Post-office returns for the quarter show an advance
of £25,000, and an increase upon the half-year
of £50,000. There is a small item of
increase in the return for the Crown Lands,
namely, for the quarter, of £521, and for the
half-year, of nearly three times that amount,
or £1,521. Finally, under the head of Miscellene•
ous, the increase during the last quarter is very
nearly as much as the increase for the last half-
year—the latter sum being £271,540, the former
being £216,230. Upon the whole, therefore, to
sum up once more, the estimated net decrease,
giving the three gradations, namely, for the last
year, for the last half-year, and for the last quarter,
we find the sums set down in this way upon the
tables growing happily "small by degrees and beau-
tifully less." For the year a decrease of £120,620—
for the yalf-year one of £ll,o6l—for the quarter one
of £249. Seeing which, who shall say that the
returns are not, in the fullest and truest sense of the
word, satisfactory ? Remembering the American
War, the Southern Blockade, the interrupted cot-
ton supply, the closing of the Lancashire mills, and
so forth, the result is, upon the whole, unquestion-
ably satisfactory. While such,however, is the state
of things in regard to the income, there is that other
side of the shield, not the golden, glittering side,
but the black and gloomy side, the side not of the
income, but of the expenditure. There certainly
remains matter for most weighty, and
anxious, and even painful consideration. Can
any one venture to gainsay the necessity for some
early and sagacious revision of oar Expenditure,
when the one simple fact is borne in mind that
during the last quarter, ending, only yesterday, the
amount of Expenditure has exceeded that of the
Revenue by £3,429,902. The Commons of England
have reason to look keenly to this increasing and
alarming increase of expenditure over income, and
they will look well to it, we may be tolerably
certain, when the Legislature is brought together
again in February. The Great Champions of
economy, Mr. COBDEN and Mr. BRIGHT, are no
longer in this matter to be trifled with, even by
Lord PALMERSTON. And they have, to aid them
and to co-operate with them, a powerful and am-
bitious Opposition.

Englishmen may look with hopeful interest on
the second failure of an invasion in America. So
may all invasions end ! So an invasion of England
would assuredly end ; and this, to us, is the great
lesson of tho campaigh before Richmond and the
campaign in Maryland; both were invasions, inva-
sions by powerful armies—invasions with every-
thing in their favour, and both miserably failed.
Every one expected that the ill equipped, half
starved defenders of Richmond could never resist
the well appointed and larger army of M'CLELLAN,
but they drove him ignominiously back. Again,
when the two victorious Federal Generals, LEE and
STONEWALL JACKSON, led their victorious soldiers
into Maryland, none thought that the defeated
General at the head of his defeated soldiers, would
prove more than a match for the triumphant Con-
federates. But again, invasion of his country made
a General of M'CLELLAN, and heroes of his soldiers,
and after fighting from the Sunday till the Friday—
for the Confederates were not willing to retreat —be
compelled even LEE and JACKSON to take them-
selves back to their own side of the Potomac. Of
course much may be said on the details in each case
but the grand fact remains. Defence of Fatherland
has given the victory to the least hopeful side.
That it would be so in England we may be con-
fident. The inspiration of fighting for home and
fireside would create soldiers and generals when
nothing else could do it.

We now see pretty plainly the course of this last
campaign. The Confederates, moved both by poli-
tical and commissariat reasons, determined to in-
vade Maryland ; many of their own representatives
in Congress were opposed to their doing so, but the
expectation, in which they were deceived, that the
Marylanders would join them, and the want of
supplies, decided them to cross the Potomac. The
Conft.derate Generals easily effected their passage,
and took possession of Frederic city, issuing thence
their manifesto as liberators. It appears, however,
that but a small part of the people viewed them in
that light, and M'CLELLAN'S march from Wash-
ington led them to retreat westward to the
to the stronger position of Hagerstown. Here
M'CLELLAN came up with them, and after hard
fighting fairly beat them on the 14th, the Sunday,
and drove them from their strong positions on the
heights. On the Monday and Tuesday we now
know that the fighting consisted merely of skir-
mishing, while the two armies were getting into a
position for the great battle which was fought near
the Potomac, at Sharpsburg, whither the Confede-
rates had retreated. This battle of the Wednes-
day was evidently a bloody one, and the Feda-
rals mast have fought with great courage. One
General was killed, and we have a nominal
list of thirteeen wounded ! The Confederates
were the attacking party, and the battle raged from
the morning till 4 p.m.; the effort it coat the
Federals to beat back their assailants was very evi-
dent
ust from
pp
suffering among the Generals; for we
m
they were wounded in the uni-
versal effort to cheer on their men in a deadly
struggle. suppose that

It was after this battle that M'CLELLAN, not
knowing probably the full extent of the injury he
had done his assail tnts, thought that yet another
struggle would be requisite to decide who should
be masters of Maryland. LEE, however, knew
his own position. He seems to have at once
commenced his final retreat, Stonewall JACKSON
appears to have conducted the retreat and to
have performed also the duties of rear guard. As
usual, the Southern fugitives had the dexterity to
elude the enemy who had just beaten them, and
their army was got across the Potomac with but
little loss. M'CLELLAN did advance a battery and
shelled them in their retreat, but as they crossed not
only et shepperdstown bridge, but by two fords
also, • is not likelyaoath t he did thera much harm
from his safe distance. Indeed it looks as if M'CLEL-
LAN had suffered to ucincito pursue them very hotly.
Thus ended the al
vehbut
here invasion of Maryland.
It was a bold dash,
nothing,
to be an impru-
:
dent one. They gained ot but lost a great
deal. Not only did they lose
last stores, but
prestige. They are no longer thel
victors. Their
greatest generals have suffered et
defeat
general whom they hod defeated. The fiturho of ueni the
cess will be with the side they attacked;
andtheya.
have raised the spiirits of a disheartened arnY.
Maryland now shown to prefer the Union to-
Secession, and its Secessionists will have a harder
time of it than ever. The Confederates return
home again to live on their heroic " green
r cull and apples," villa may become less plOkAnt

food in retreat, than it was in advance to the land,
which, they were told, flowed with milk and honey.
We cannot doubt that the invasion of Maryland
will prove to have been in every light a great
disaster for the South. It has failed in every object
which could have led them to undertake it; they
have proved the loyalty of the State to the Federa-
tion, instead of raising it in rebellion; they have lost
rather than gained supplies; they have turned the
tide of victory against themselves; they have
breathed fresh courage into the North instead of
frightening it—they went there hungry, and re-
treated to fast.

And now, what next ? We cannot pretend to
prophesy. The Federals have had their minor
losses, notwithstanding the great success in Mary-
land. They have lost a garrison at Harper's Ferry,
another in lientucily, but they have also taken
towns on the Mississippi. These have little to do
with the main issue; and that seems, as far as we
can see, uo nearer decision than before. The pos-
session of the Border States, and the preservation
of the territories as Freesoil, are what we trust the
North will never concede to the great Southern
curse. If slaveholders must be left to themselves,
so let them ; but all civilization is interested in
checking the spread of their hateful social cancer,
which these blooded tyrants cherish as a Heaven-
sent gift! If the North cannot bring itself to
emancipate the existing slaves' we trust it will yet
succeed in the object only second to that—of shut-
ting up slavery in the planting States ; leaving to
the planters their fill of their Divine Institution.

To us Englishmen it would certainly appear that
the King of ITALY has just missed his opportunity.
His second daughter, H.R.H. the Princess MARIA
PIA has been at length married to the King of
PORTUGAL. Her MAJESTY, the fair young bride,
has taken her departure for her new dominions.
The KING, her father, bids her adieu at Genoa—
watches the vessel that carries her away from her
old home to her new home disappear in the dis-
tance—returns with his suite of attendants to
Turin: and yet, when ail is over, when the
whole courtly pageantry is completed—lo and
behold there is no Amnesty ! GARIBALDI still,
nominally at least, awaits his trial for high treason,
as a wounded and defeated State Prisoner in his
dungeon at Varignano. The meaning of this extra-
ordinary reticence on the part of King VICTOR
EMMANUEL, we take it, the meaning of this appa-
rent indifference of his in regard to the treat-
ment of the most illustrious of his subjects,
any one, however, can recognise surely
upon the surface. General GARIBALDI, at the
commencement of his late unfortunate and most
mistaken enterprise, spoke words that were very
daggers—daggers keenly sharpened and steeped
in poison—in respect to the Imperial ally (we
had almost said patron) of King VICTOR EM-
MANUEL, NAPOLEON 111., in his autumnal retreat
at Biarritz, has to be borne especiallyin mind by the
Italian Monarch, Hislmperial MAJESTY'S good will
and pleasure have to be taken very seriously always
into consideration at those ministerial councils at
Turin, which are (unhappily for the popular party
in Italy) presided over by Signor URBAN RATTAZZI.
Hence the retention still of General GARIBALDI as
a Prisoner of State in the fortress of Spezzia. Hence
the completion of all the courtly festivities at Turin
in connexion with the marriage of the daughter
of VICTOR EMMANUEL to the King of PORTUGAL,
without the signalisation of those nuptials by the
timely concession of the graceful boon of an Am-
nesty. A little later on, the concession of any
Amnesty at all by VICTOR EMMANUEL, of any
Amnesty that is to include within it the glorious
name of General GARIBALDI, will be deprived of
any appearance whatever of either grace or mag-
nanimity. To us, we repeat, it does seem all this,
like the missing by the KING of a golden and
precious opportunity.

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA.

FRA DIAVOLO.

This ever delightful comic opera was revived
ast evening at Covent-garden, after a slumber of
some three seasons, and with a merit which im-
parted to it the utmost animation. The no-
velties of the occasion were the first appear-
ance of Mademoiselle Parepa, in the character
of Zerlina, and also of Mr. W. H. Weiss in that of
Lord Alleash. It gratifies us to add that both
experiments were fortunate. If for physical
reasons Mdlle. Parepa could not convey to us the
exactest notion of the apprehensive tavern maiden,
which, in the stretch of an inconvenient memory,
it is in our power to recall her vocaliza-
tion on the other hand was so perfect and
so delightful—so full of the vividest expression, as
well as appropriate ornament, that we could not
wonder at the gratification she so abundantly be-
stowed. Her " Diavolo" song alone was a suffi-
cient testimony to her merits. Mr. Weiss, whom
we have always had to associate with tragic
opera hitherto, made his first incursion into a comic
region with indisputable success. His pictare of
the shallow, selfish, figetty, and slightly jealous
English traveller, had the merit of being humour-
ous, without the least defect of taste. His Lord
Allcash was a gentleman—if also somewhat of
a fool, and his absurdities were not the less manifest
because they were made natural. It was not only
a very pleasant but a very sensible performance,
sustained throughout by singing that was just
as meritorious, Miss Tlairlwall was rather
over weighted with the character of Lady
Allcash, for which she wants sufficient
force—a deficiency which also marked the Briga-
dier of Mr. C. Lyall—a personage which we fancy
would have been better entrusted to Mr. St. Albyn.
Mr. Lyall, however, has the advantage of a fresh
and pleasing voice, which with c :re and practice
may be ripened into good service to the theatre.
On the other hand, the two Brigands were as good
as could be desired—more especially the Beppo of
the pleasant and facile Mr. Corsi---whose sketch of
the budding genius of a Calabrian rascality was
as natural and laughable as could possible be seen.
The true feature of the night, of course,
was Mr. Harrison's Fra Diavolo—a character
which it will be admitted is now entirely become
his own. The happy genius of Eugene Scribe,
which in its strong sense of reality has enlivened
the modern drama with the proper brigand of our
day—the robber of refinement—who can enter
society and
adopt its forms, in order to defeat
its safe.- 2,s
and makingis. woman rather than man the vic-
timaru—
of his new strategy, courtier can add the
can
the manners of a
the sagacity of a priest,
dI
iamonds
--hwahsilstsuphi p
I liedlla
Mr. Harrison is peculiarly s soul
apidscraoeptnbteeeendencipt ttitooounpewoxi lowpr ashhhni which
y intov7 h which hu
nh
ieo
nh aosf disciplinedease
phl ye
aa...
The comic sympath
true artistic study,
sentry, that as just as plastic as it is balanced—en-
dews him with the capacity of drawing the exact
line that is required between the earnestness and
artifice which
is so essential to i
thiseenare y idea.su p
In nothing more distinctively does he show his
sctlaagitne.s tollbise
seine
onsinidge,rewde
ntleleedlynroitcnnnaa n of our
add,
ported his cap. .
tti acting. His serenade especially
winning a very warm encore. Of the band and
chorus it is scarcely possible to say a word too
much—the overture as may be supposed being very
heartily redemanded.

Mr. Charles Mathews is about to make a tour for
the purpose of giving his " At Home," in the provinces.
lie will be accompanied by Mr. J. L. Hatton. The com-
bination of two such artistes will unquestionably afford a
n'"t auttuainn• entertainment, which wii! prove everywhere
immr."lY attractive. During the tour Mr. Charles
'"vEs will return to the stage and play a round of his
most ed celebrat
. characters e some of the principal provin-
CNA y 4 Atm,. .