The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-15 00:00:00

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THE SUN.
LONDON,:WEDNESDAY, OCT. 15, 1862.

Another argument was afforded yesterday in
favour of the long talked-of project of bringing
together all the various Law Courts under the
roof beam of one grand Palace of Justice. If any
additional illustration of the need there is for some
such consolidation or centralisation of these hitherto
widely-scattered Courts of Justice were needed, it
would certainly be found ready to hand in the in-
stance to which we are here desirous of directing
very particular attention. It is an instance—of
course we are aware of that—the like of which has
often and often before now been brought to light
very painfully. Let any student of our manners
and customs in this civilised age, go in quest of
authentic particulars of the way in which Justice
is administered in this country, and he cannot for
the life of him help stumbling upon scenes and
occurrences excessively resembling, having a deci-
didly strong family likeness to—what chanced to
fall out yesterday in the Court of Bankruptcy !
There, in that forlorn street, known distressingly

,o so many thousands as Basinghall-street, at
eleven o'clock in the forenoon, Mr. Commissioner
FONBLANQUE, one of the most respected
among our learned Bankruptcy Commis-
ssioners, a veteran official (as the law re-
porter reminds us), forty-three years and upwards
in the service of the Crown, a gentleman half-a-
dozen years beyond what is termed upon the autho-
rity of Holy Writ the allotted age of man—Com-
missioner FONBLANQUE having passed his seventy-
sixth year—is habitually offered, and this in the
discharge of his public duties (what he himself
termed in so many plain words yesterday), a choice
of different modes of sugocation. Half stifled the
day before yesterday in the court below (on the
ground floor of the building in Basinghall•street),
the learned Commissioners clambers, yesterday,with
some not very surprising difficulty considering his
age, up several successive flights of stairs to the top
of the edifice, in the hope—unhappily the vain hope
—of finding there some slight approximation in some
way to a semblance of something like ordinary
comfort and convenience. The choice, however,
proved to be, as already intimated, something very
much like HOBSON'S. It was tacking from Scylla
to Charybdis. It was—after the fashion of Mr.
WINKLE at the beginning of one of the later chap-
ters of " Pickwick
"—coolly and quietly -walking
•
from the frying-pan into the fire. The upstairs
Hall of justice at Basinghall-street turned out,
when it had been reached yesterday, if possible,
more insufferable in some respects than the—re-
gions, we were almost tempted to say the infernal
regions—down below ! The sky-
parlour in which
Commissioner For BLANQUE—forty-three years in
the public service, recoliect ! himself setat lxxvi.—
is, we learn, in its dimensions not
more than
twenty feet square. The ventillation of this apart-
ment is provided for by means of a small window
that is constructed to stand refreshingly partially
open. There is, moreover, benignantly provided in
this magnifieent and commodious Hall of Justice
seat accommodation for exactly ten persons ! These
ten persons, as the reporter again reminds us, in-
cluding among them—the Commissioner him-
self, the Official Assignees, Counsel, Attorneys,
Clerks, Bankrupts, Witnesses,
Reporters, and
that " noun of multitude signifying
Public, the plebs, the neXXob. Ten seats for
the
or sixty
--110 t long benches, observe, many,"
them all
accommodated but ten
individual seats, and among them the Tb
upon which fifty
people might be accom
of
in
feet
Justice for the learned Commissioner. Ten sreoantes,
a room twenty
square, with one small window
partially open by way
of providing proper venti.
lation.

No wonder possibly can it be that in such
an atmosphere, and with such accommodation,
many are observed from time to time retiring from
the pressure under the effects of sudden illness !
Why, having regard to the human species merely 4§

animals, looking at them from the philosophic point
of view familiar to the later day dreams of Professor
OWEN, taking each of them into account simply
as a smoother or less hairy sort of ape, grandson to
the baboon and cousin-german to the gorilla—we
should be almost disposed to claim for theirprotection
in future in instances like those which are occuring
from day to day in Basinghall•street, and in others
of our noble Courts of Law—our stately Halls of
Justice—we should almost be inclined to claim for
their protection in these distressing instances the
operation of MARTIN'S Act. For, if anything is,
this certainly is something very like Cruelty to
Animals. One of the most eloquent passages ever
penned, even in his masterpiece—the magnum opus
of his " Critical and Historical Essays"—by Lord
MACAULAY, was, beyond any doubt of it, his de-
scription of the Black Hole at Calcutta. The de-
scription occurring in the early part of his noble
essay on Warren Hastings. But Lord MACAULAY
need not have gone all the way to the banks of the
Ganges in older to find a theme of this character
upon which to dilate in words of burning scorn
and indignation. The horrors of the kind repro-
bated there by his pen of fire, were concentrated, it
is true, into the narrow compass of one hideous
night. But, when this night was passed, the worst,
at any rate, was over ; the evil was done with, so
far as related to its endurance by a living creature.
Here the evil is, no doubt, in one sense, most mer-
cifully diluted. But it is an evil that though diluted
is not restricted in its application to any one isolated
group of individuals, being applied systematically,
it almost seems, to crowds of many persons, during
the lapse of many years, to the learned and un-
learned of many successive generations. It has
flourished from time immemorial—going back
probably, far beyond the days of the Wittenage •
mote : though our remote ancestors had happily
the wholesome practice of living very much
out of doors, even when sitting for the administration
of justice, or when prostrating themselves in
Druidical worship, among enormous boulders, in
wide open plains, as upon the giant plain of Salis-
bury, still rendered picturesque by the fragments of
Stonehenge. Standing, elbowed, crowded, half-
stifled, nearly vomitting, utterly nauseated in one of
our small, inconvenient, crammed-full, unventilated
Halls of Justice, who has not sighed before now for
the robust and healthful air of even some nearly
barbarous antiquity. Almost for that Arcadian
Epoch sung by Dryden—
" When wild in woods the noble savage ran."

It is a disgrace to our civilisation that such things
can "be"—"overcoming us" less " like summer
clouds " than like pestilential vapours from the
nether halls of Rhadamanthus, and certainly not
" without our special wonder." A noble benefactor,
in every respect, will be the man who sweeps clear,
not any Augean stable, but our English Halls
of Justice—bringing all the various courts of law
together upon one spot, and housing them there
under the roof beams of one Stately Palace. Let
us hope that something practically tending to
bring about this good result may at length next
session he attempted in real earnest. The site
has already been selected—the requisite funds are
already in our possession—all that is now needed
is so to apply those funds judiciously upon that site,
that the Laws of England may at last have a
fitting home in some grand and lofty pile worthy
of being pointed to as our Palace of Justice.

Austria and Prussia are both in their respective
ways bestiring themselves to obtain their object—
Austria is aiming to obtain recognition by Hun-
gary of a sham Constitution, Prussia is proving her
Constitution to be a sham. The latter will be a
lesson for the former. If the Hungarians needed
any further proof of the folly of parting with old
national constitutions for paper ones octroyed by
Royalty, she may now appeal to the example of
the Right Divine King of PRUSSIA; nor can we
doubt that the Prussian example will have its
weight with the great Magyar people in inducing
them to stand firm by the demands of the DEAR
manifesto. We are told that the EMPEROR is to
be Crowned, the Diet to be assembled for that
purpose, and then Hungary is to be left to fill up
her place in 'the Austrian Reichsrath at her
pleasure. How the Diet can be persuaded to
crown the King without his swearing to observe
those laws, which are the undoubted law of the
land, but which the centralising Germans so de-
test, is the question. We cannot imagine that
one year more of illegal imperial despotism can
have reconciled the Hungarians to the surrender of
their venerated constitution, or induced them to
accpt in its place the paper trumpery of Count
RECHBERG ; and, till we see the contrary, we shal

believe that they will set the timid Prussians an
example, following which would raise the latter
marvellously in the scale of nations.

The King of PRUSSIA has committed, in-
deed, a great loyal crime. Ho has resolved to

be a despotic revolutionist.

The Prussian

constitution is not, indeed, a very old one, but he
found it in existence, and swore to maintain it, and
govern by it. He has, indeed, always shown himself
somewhat restive under it, and he has magnified
theßoyal power and prerogative in silly ceremonies,
and in language quite as childish. Still there was
his oath, and we suppose oaths have a right as
Divine as that of the Hohenz )11erns to be despots.
This obligation he has shamelessly, irreligiously,
immorally, repudiated. He acknowledges that
what he has done is unconstitutional, and he might
have added, convicts me distinctly of perjury. Yet
he coolly persists in defying the nation's rights and
the obligations of oaths, that he may force on the
taxpayers of Prussia the maintenance of sixty
thousand more soldiers than they wish for, as the
instruments of his despotic will and pleasure.
The nature of this coup d'etat is unfortunately
but too clear. It has not even disputable legality
House,
m
iieneeessimofilathrepeCsirtoiewent,
as a temporary screen. The Prussian Upper
e d gne ot
7composed chiefly of poor nobles, mere re-
centga regard to
Lords. the
B
oiosUrinHoreus
e
The King of PRUSSIA lays his Budget before the
Lower, not before the Upper House ; the Lower
House sends it with such modifications
as it sees fit
(
to the Upper House. There it
can be rejected as a
whole, as a money bill can by our House of Lords,
but it cannot be amended. The Upper House knows
nothing, indeed, formally and legally, of
any budget
but that which is sent up to it by the Lower House.
Yet in this case the Prussian Ministry instigated
the Upper House to amend the budget, by voting
the one originally offered by Ministers to the
people's representatives. This was confessedly
illegal, The act was, as it was unceremoniously
voted by the Lower House, null and void, as being
competency of the Prussian Lords. Yet
beyond the competen
is
this illegal act
made by the infatuated monarch
what is, if possible, still more
the reason for doing
illegal—determining to keep up an army vastly
larger than the country thinks safe, and more costly
than it chooses to pay for. If this be not the sic
volo sic jubeo style of government, we should like
to know what is.

The Prussians have now a bard struggle before
them, if they intend to secure the respect of Europe.
Thus far they have done well—will they succumb
in the last trial? Their last Parliament voted for
the eme policy 415 their prelent one, The EINQ

appealed to the country. The country gave as
unanimous a verdict as it could, by electing the
present Parliament to do precisely what it has
done. The KING openly refuses to obey the
people's representatives, after asking the people's
opinion. Why did he appeal to them, on
the difference between himself and the former
Parliament, if he never intended to abide
by his country's decision ? IL is not easy to con-
ceive of a grosser insult offered by one man to a
whole nation. It is plainly telling them that he
regards them as so many sheep to be fleeced at his
royal will and pleasure, for his own dynastic pur-
poses. The King has the sword, the people have
the law. We shall see now whether Germans can
equal Hungarians in their firmness for constitu-
tional rights—for rights which have become
the recognised basis of all free and civilised Go-
vernments.

We had a letter to notice yesterday from a New
Orleans lady, one, of course, well filled with pas-
sionate invective against General BUTLER, but con-
veying strong evidence on cross-examination that
the ungallant General is, after all, regarded by the
negroes as their friend. Had counsel for the South
and slavery had my lady in the witness-box, he
would certainly have prevented much of her evi-
dence from appearing in England. We notice to-
day a second letter from a very different person,
the Honourable W. Dow, Brigadier-General in the
Federal army, and in command at St. Philip of
the forts protecting the mouth of the Mississippi
and the country about seventy miles up to New
Orleans. His letter confirms strongly and directly,
and in the same district what we gather only in-
directly and by cross-questioning from the lady.
Louisiana has, however, never been so rabidly se-
cessionist as a whole as the cotton States. Its
sugar is a protected manufacture, and hence it can-
not be opposed to protective tariffs. Free trade
would break up its plantations. The General
writes :—" The inhabitants up and down the river
for 60 or 60 miles come in great numbers to take
the oath of allegiance, and all declare that they
abhor the rebellion and were always opposed to it,
though they were forced to take an oath of alle-
giance to the rebel Government. I explain to them
that it is a voluntary matter so far as our Govern-
ment is concerned. Many of these persons are free
negroes of property, bright, intelligent, and active
men, who understand perfectly that this dreadful
war is for the benefit of their race ; and they assure
me that when the PRESIDENT'S proclamation shall
come, offering freedom to all the slaves, they will
flock to our standard en masse. Such a proclama-

tion will come."
The letter was written on the 13th of September,
and of course the General had not then heard of
the proclamation which is not to take effect till the
let of January ; but he seems fully assured that
emancipation cannot be long delayed. "This re-
bellion," he says, "commenced by a few leading
and unscrupulous politicians, in the interests of
slavery, to extend and perpetuate it, will most cer-
tainly result in the overthrow of the institution.
The time is now very near when the PRESIDENT
will be chstrained to proclaim universal emancipa-
tion." He was not then aware how soon his
prediction would be partially verified. But what
is most interesting of all is the refuta-
tion practically given by his experience to the
Southern falsehoods respecting the negro love of
slavery, on the one hand, and the danger of their
murdering their masters, if free, on the other; his
experience also refutes the wicked and interested
charge of negro indolence. In slave indolence we
believe ; slavery and indolence by the very appoint-
ment of our common Maker, go together, but if any
reader could believe the absurdity of freedom
making black men murderers and idlers, let him
just hear the facts mentioned by the general;
he writes—l have at these two forts about 500
slaves (that were, but who are now free). The
masters now frequently send off their slaves as no
longer of any value. Nowhere within reach of our
troops will they work for or obey their masters ;
and for 70 miles between here and New Orleans
slavery is practically extinguished. In some cases
the masters hire their servants. Several masters
have come here and ask permission to hire the ser-
vantswho are at the forts to go and help them to get
in their crops. Of course, I consent, and the servants
go very willingly. Some plantations with large '
crops on the ground have no hands at all to harvest
them.

Do not these simple facts speak volumes. Here,
in the very focus of slavedom, the slaves like com-
pulsory labour for another's sole benefit so well
that they renounce it as soon as they dare ! Yet
the masters who are willing to hire these very men,
find the men, on their part, willing to take off their
crops. On the other hand, the crops of some mas-
ters, doubtless those who are too proud to submit
to employ hired free negroes—are rotting on the
ground. It was and is just the same in Jamaica.
Scores of planters were too proud to pay free la.
pourers, and their estates went to ruin. Those who
treated and paid well the emancipated negroes have
prospered and do prosper. Wo cannot have the
least doubt, that but for the universally despotic
feeling of the Southern whites, and their unwilling-
ness to renounce their absolute control over the race
they have subjegated—they might, without a
dollar of compensation, emancipate the whole
of their negroes, and be great gainers.
There may be one exception indeed—that
of the LEGREE class; but no one will deny that
if emancipation reduced them to beggary they would
but have their reward.

England should know that there are men of worth
and judgment in America itself, who share the pre-
valent sentiments of this country, in regard to both
the folly of seeking to conquer the rebels by a pro-
slavery policy, and the guilty complicity of the
North with slavery. It does one's heart good to
read such language as this from a Federal General.
" The great difficulty with us has been, that we
have been trying to carry on the war so as not to
offend the rebels too much, while they have been
desperately in earnest. Our policy will change, has
changed. The politicians and statesmen cannot see
that this war is a dealing with us by Providence,
on account of our great and dreadful national sin of
slavery, and that we cannot have peace until we
repent and abandon it. Northern people have flat-
tered themselves that the South alone was respon-
sible for the sin and shame of slavery, whereas our
complicity in it has been open and constant. I do
not mean to say that this is true of all Northern '
people—far from it. There have always been large
numbers who have deplored the existence of slavery
in the country, and have anxiously desired its over-
throw. This class has rapidly increased in three
or four years, until, at the last Presidential election,
the idea of opposition to it triumphed at the ballot-
box. And now God's command is to let his poor
and oppressed children go—and we must and will.
Until then
should be waeevcearnedhaiv.ne niotspeanectet,ioenvaeln fitiy.the csolua:terry
y
abolished, and
with all its vast int
w© should have a glorious country,
erests harmonious, and the people
perfectly contented and
happy. Slavery preserved,
and with a restored U •
en, we could not possibly
Union,
ha:e peace among ourselves. Slave institutions are
essentially All 4 necessarily despotic, and Own On

never be concord between them and freedom. The
conflict between slave and free institutions, existing
in the same country, must and will be bitter and
irrepressible. In America they have at last come
face to face with swords drawn, and one or the other
must die."

Mr. Dow believes that the war is to recommence
with fresh vigour under some bolder leader; he
holds that the nation will bear its losses and suffer-
ings joyfully as the " avenue through which
4,000,000 of down-trodden slaves are to march from
their prison-house into the sunshine of personal
civil and religious liberty." Slaves are already, he
says, ceasing in Louisiana to be a merchantable
article—in New Orleans and Louisiana, where they
were dearest, masters are actually turning them
off, and even the New Orleans papers are beginning
to discuss the greater cheapness of free labour.
Were all Northern leaders like the General Dow,
we might well hearken to his closing request—

" Let English friends, who are truly anti-slavery
and friendly to our country, but who have feared
the war would not issue in benefit to the poor
slave, have patience with us. The disenthralment
of an entire race, the overthrow of the social condi-
tion of a great people, the destruction of the entire
industrial system of eleven millions of men, in a
territory ten times larger than Great Britain, is a
work so mighty that our friends may have pa-
tience with us if we do not accomplish it in a year.
This work, mighty and glorious, will certainly be
accomplished by this war; and our joy will be so
great that our losses and bitter experiences is it
will be regarded as cheap for so wonderful a
result.

Again we would urge upon the attention of Mr.
PARTRIDGE the advisability of his allaying, or at
any rate endeavouring to allay, in some measure
the reviving anxieties felt here in England by the
friends of GARIBALDI in regard to the Hero's suf
ferings. The Professor can easily do this. He has
seen GARIBALDI repeatedly since he was wounded
at Aspromonte and imprisoned in Varignano. He
has carefully examined, and this more than once,
the most serious of the illustrious patient's wounds.
He has had leisure since then, since his return to
this country upon the completion of his autumnal
excursion to Spezzia, to review dispassionately the
opinion he arrived at in regard to the nature, the
extent, and the condition of the wound upon the
ankle. Professor Partridge can at any rate say
now deliberately whether his own firm opinion still
is that there is really no bullet lodged in the ankle
requiring extraction. It is almost incumbent
upon him, as the one professionally engaged
by England to administer relief, if not to GARI-
BALDI himself upon his bed of suffering, at least to
the minds of the friends of GARIBALDI here in this
country by dissipating all doubt as to the actual
extent and the probable duration of the hero's
malady. We are induced to revert to this subject
again to-day, and once more to urge upon Professor
PARTRIDGE the need there is for his again break-
ing silence, no matter how briefly, either to confirm
as to modify the opinions he has already expressed
—because day by day we see the rumours becoming
more alarming as to the condition of GARIBALDI.
This afternoon, for example, the latest tidings tell
us that the General is much worse—that the impres-
sion is growing stronger there that the rifle ball
is still there in the shattered ankle—and (worst
of all) that there has been a consultation, and
at the close of it, issuing of a bulletin signed by
seven Italian Doctors ! All this may be error, we
grant. All this may be, as we sincerely hope, a
monstrous exaggeration. Still, after the expendi-
ture of several hundreds of pounds in sending a
surgeon of the eminence of Mr. PARTRIDGE all the
way to Spezzia to see GARIBALDI, and to judge
exactly how he is—England ought not now to be
left in such complete uncertainty as to the present
condition of the sufferer.

VARIETIES.

(From Fun.)

The vocalist who was seen "pitching his voice," be
smeared himself with the tar he used.

A QUESTION FOR THE DENTIST'S COLLEGE.—DO
"false teeth" and a "lying tonguo" generally exist in the
same person ?

The what class do hens belong P—The la(y)ity.

" THE DROP THAT OVERFLOWS THE Cur."—The
Federal Government has stopped the sale of liquor in the
camp, and cut off the grog of the navy. This last measure
(a short measure) is surely unnecessary. There can be no
harm in a drop in the ocean, nor does it follow because the
army is disorganized, that the fleet should be dispirited.
THE BISHOP OF LONDON'S MOTTO.—" York, you're
not wanted."

WE SUPPOSE so.—May not the extremes to which the
Americans are carrying matters be looked upon as instances
of " North and South latitude ?"

What is the difference betweeen the Prince of Wales and
water from a fountain ?—The one is heir to the throne,and
the other is thrown to the air.

When people reflect, do they use a looking-glass ?

. -
THERE'S NOTHING LIKE ASKING IN TlME.—Should
crinoline ever be discarded, might it not be designated
th e excluded circle ?"

Might not bakers' apprentices very appropriately be call©d
the alumni.

MZN or MAux..—ls the branding of deserters to be con.
sidered a natural D-warcation.

NOTICE.—In answer to numerous inquiries, we beg to
state, once for all, that we believe the peerage, to which the
Honourable Frederick Cadogan is heir, to be the Cadogan
pier-age, and its revenue to be derived from the penny
steamers.

MOST CERTAINLY.—WouId not Close make an appro-
priate poet for a tailor ? and might not one of his effusions
be very properly called a distich ?
LITERARY.—A new edition of " Boxiana,o edited by
James Mace, Esq., P.R., will shortly be published by
Messrs. Blackeye and CO.
GOOD PRACTICE FOR ASPIRING YOUNG SURGEONS.—
To cure the "eruptions" of Vesuvius, or reduce the " swell-
ings of the sea."
LOST I FIVE PUNS REWARD.—Lost on a silly gentle-
man a fine joke ; it was last seen by an intelligent lady,
"HARD LlNES."—Crinolines.

PLYMOUTH, Tuesday Evening.—The Evange-
line, 250 tons, Captain George Wigg, with a full cargo of
wool from Port Natal, July 31, has passed up Channel for
London.

From Italy we have news that Garibaldi is much
worse, and a report signed by seven doctors, to the effect
that they believe the bullet still to be in his leg.

The Poole Herald states that Garibaldi will, as
soon as he is able to leave Italy, visit a gentleman in the
neighbourhood of Lymington, in Hants.

The American papers state that the French
have imported a quantity of telegraph Wire and railway
stores into Mexico.

Yesterday the session of the Faculty of Arts and
Laws was opened in the presence of a large number of stu-
dents and visitors.

An attempt has been made in Italy to rear several
other species of silkworms, the produce of which may com-
pensate for their inferiority to the mulberry silkworm by
reason of their low price, and by the utilisation of plants
and soils hitherto unproductive.

South Carolina, with a population of 715,000
souls, produces 500,000 bales of cotton. In Italy there are
more than 8,000 square .kilometers, perhaps more than
800,000 hectares of land suitable for cotton cultivation, and
if only one third of it were planted with cotton, it would
produce at least one million of kilogrammes, or 559,000
bales of cotton.

no last great horticultural show at Namur was
the most remarkable ever seen in Belgium. There were
more than 30,000 specimens of fruit exhibited, comprising
8,000 varieties. It required 9,000 plates to hold this im-
mense quantity of fruit, The Belgian gardeners produced
the finest pears, the Germans the finest apples, and the
French the finest grapes.
The mildness of the weather is so extraordinary
in the department of the Allier that in the park of Baron
de Vance, near Ebreuil, liliacs and chestnut trees are in full
flower. -Raspberries, both white and red, and strawberries,
are also abundant on the same estate.

WOXRTNG MEN'S COLLEGE, 45, GREAT ORMOND-
sTREET.—The first term of the ninth year will commence
on Monday next, when the Principal, the Rev. F. D.
Maurice will deliver the opening address at 8.30. The
Cl444te will COMPOIIO v Tueldfl

LATEsr NEWS.

INDIA, CHINA, AND AUS-

TRALM.

We have received our letters and papers from
Calcutta to the Bth ult. ; Hong Kong, Aug. 27th ;
Sydney, Aug. 21st ; Melbourne, Aug. 27th. The
following is from the Englishman's Weekly Mail
of September Bth :
" The intelligence from Japan confirms our former
mention of the attack on the British legation at
Yeddo and the murder of two of the guard, but
denies that all the foreign Ministers have left
Yeddo. Unfortunately for our credit, the British
representative is said to be the only one who has
openly displayed his opinion that discretion is the
better part of valour. We hope for the honour of
England that this fact can be disproved, for, to say
the least, it will lower our prestige in the eyes of
the Japanese lamentably.
" The question of the evacuation of the fort of
Gwalior by British troops, and its transfer to the
Maharajah, is now before the government.

" Letters from the Bhopal territory announce the
final dispersion and flight of the rebels from that
state ; but accounts from Central India mention
that the British force sent against the rebels in the
neighbourhood of Bosoda had only succeeded in
driving them across the frontier into Bhisla ; and
the detachment, which by the latest advices were
at Raiseen, had been permitted to return to their
head-quarters, we suppose to recommence their
operations against the rebels next month, when the
season for military movements opens.
" In exchange but very little has been doing.
" Money still remains abundant."