The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-04 00:00:00

TILE NAVY.

The Mersey, 40, screw, Capt. 11, Caldwell, C. 13.,
according to latest advices from Bermuda,was under
orders to sail for Vera Cruz, to land there a body of
500 men.

Letters received at Portsmouth by the last C.tpe
mail from her Majesty's sloop Espoir, Commander
Douglas, dated at St. Helena, state that she was
going to sail immediately for Ascension, where
several vessels had been ordered to meet to enable a
court-martial to be held. The Espies crew had
suffered greatly from fever, as in addition to the
loss of her senior lieutenant, she had at one time 35
out of her crew of 60 in hospital.

The Vigilant, 6, screw, Commander J. W. Pike,
remains at Spithead, awaiting orders. She made
her official trial of speed at the measured mile in
Stokes-bay on Thursday, under the superintendence
of Mr. G. Murdoch, Inspector of Machinery Afloat,
and Mr. Miller, Second Engineer of her Majesty's
Dockyard. Her draught of water was 12ft aft and
11 ft forward ; pressure of steam, 151 b ; vacuum,
211 b; revolutions of engines, maximum, 84 ; mean,
80; mean speed of six runs, 9.833 knots. A complete
circle was made under full steam in 5 min 39 sec.
The Black Prince, 40, iron frigate, at Portsmouth,
is ordered to be fitted with a spare fishhead abaft
her present cathead, on nearly the same principle
as that adopted in the French Imperial navy, by
which means, when getting up her anchor, she will
be enabled to transfer and carry it its full length
abaft of its present position. The value of the pro-
posed improvement will be at once understood by
all Win) have aiiflieL4l'otit liffergAntifrigateErayrder
full steam, burying their bows in the immense
wave they drive before them, diminishing their
speed, straining them in every part, and drenching
their decks with water. In the old sailing liners
the anchors were well water-borne, although their
eatheads were well over the bows ; but in the War-
rior, Black Prince, and other fine bowed craft the
ease is very different. The Chanticleer, 17, screw,
Commander C. Stirling, lying off Osborne, is the
first vessel that has been fitted at Portsmouth on
this plan. A great improvement, as affecting their
sailing qualities and stability, it is allowed by all
competent to judge of such matters, might have
been made in the forms of the hulls of both th e
Black Prince and the Warrior, in giving each of
them less rise of floor and 12 inches of keel. They
would probably then have sailed on equal terms
with such ships as the Revenge,and would certainly
have rolled less than they do now in a seaway.
The Prince Regent, 86, screw, in the steam
basin at Portsmouth, got up steam yesterday to test
joints, &c., on her machinery being got together by
the contractors.

The Sutlej,lsl, screw,was removed from the steam
basin at Portsmouth yesterday, on her completion
for the pennant.
The Foam, Cracker, Earnest, and Pheasant gun-
boats, at Portsmouth, each received their 100-poun-
der Armstrong, with its equipment, at Portsmouth
yesterday, To complete them for sea they have now
but to receive their 40-pounder Armstrongs, which
they will do at sunset to-day.
Yesterday the screw steam gunboats Britomart,
60 horse power, and Sandfly, 60 horse power,
attached to tho first division of the steam reserve in
the Medway, went alongside the Ordnance wharf
at Chatham for the purpose of taking on board their
Armstrong guns. The Britomart was furnished with
one 100-pounder Armstrong, one 40-pounder Arm-
strong, and two 24. pounder brass howitzers; and
the Sandfly with one 100-pounder Armstrong, and
one 32-pounder cast iron smooth bore gun. Each
gunboat also shipped a large quantity of Armstrong
shot and shell, together with a miscellaneous assort-
ment of stores. They are both equipped for sea, and
will proceed, it is understood, to one of the Irish
ports.

Although there is a largo amount of work re-
quiring to be executed in the Resistance, 18, iron
steamer, at Chatham, before she is fully for sea,
that vessel is, nevertheless, in a much forwarder
state than the sister ship Defence was when docked
in the same dock at Chatham. Must-or the heavy
portion of the work on board the Resistance is com-
pleted, and the attention of the workmen employed
on her will be turned to completing and arranging
her magazines for the heavy stores:of gunpowder
and shell she will carry, besides the other internal
fitments. Her pumps are all fixed. With extra
exertions she could be ready to be undocked in
about a month or six weeks' time.

The following vessels have been chartered by the
Government for the c covey ante of stores to India
and the colonies :—The Rockliffe, 680 tons, for Ma-
dras; the Onward, 571 tons, for Calcutta; the Un-
rivalled, 812 tons, for Bombay ; the Veronica, 322
tons, for Hong Kong ; the William, 703 tons,
the David Malcolm, 590 tons, and the Alert, 212
tons, for St. Helena; and the Caroline Elizabeth,
505 tons, for the Cape of Good Hope. The follow-
ing ships have been chartered by the Emigration
Commissioners for the conveyance of emigrants to
the colonies :—The Abyssinian, 1,072 tons, for
Sydney ; the Mary Harrison, 781 tons, for Fre-
mantle; and the Nipisiquit, 340 tons, for Natal.

THE ARMY.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge is
recovering from an attack of gout. Yesterday, al-
though his Royal Highness was much better, he was
unable to attend at the Horse Guards.

On Wednesday morning one of the Citizens'
River Steamers Company's steamers conveyed from
Cork to Queenstown No. 8 battery of the Royal
Artillery, numbering 250 men and 7 officers.
Among the latter were Capts. Morris and Shackely,
Lieuts. Jago, Budgeon, and Younger, and Dr.
Stacker, Veterinary-Surg. They embarked at
Queenstown on board the Mauritius transport, en
route to Canada. The headquarters of the 69th,
which arrived on Saturday from the Curragh, under
the command of Col. Schovel,will proceed to Canada
by the same vessel.
Several officers and 200 non-commissioned officers
and privates of the 15th Regiment left the King's-
bridge terminus, Dublin, last week, by special train
for Cork, whence they were to proceed to Queens-
town and embark on board the transport Adelaide
for Canada. The main body of the 15th Regiment
were to proceed to Cork, on Thursday, by train for
the purposes of embarkation. Orders have been
received that all the troops leaving Ireland for
Canada are to embark at Queenstown.

Col. R. P. Haynes, Bth Regiment, has been ap-
pointed Brigadier-General to the 3d Infantry
Brigade, vice Brigadier-General D. Russell, pro-
ceeded to British North America.

Contrary to the usual practice at this season of
the year, no cessation whatever has taken place in
the field-work operations of the Royal and Indian
Engineers at Chatham, the whole of the officers and
men who can be spared from their other duties
being daily employed on the Royal Enginners'
practising ground in the various operations con-
nected with the formation of earthworks and the
construction of saps, parallels, galleries, and batte-
ries, in order that the men may be fully competent
to take field whenever despatched from England for
foreign service. By the end of next week 200 men
will have completed their different courses of in-
struction, and be in readiness for embarkation for
wherever their services may be required.

The subjoined detail of officers, non-commissioned
officers, and gunners of the Royal Artillery assem-
bled last night on parade at Woolwich, and left at
7 o'clock per special train for Liverpool to embark
in the Cunard steamship Arabia for North America.
The force comprised three brigades of garrison
artillery, consisting of Col. Graydon, Major Hope,
Capt. C. E. Sterling, Capt. F. N. Cromartie, Lieuts.
R. J. Millet, H, W. Rooke, W. J. Scott, F. W.
Carey, and W. R. Molesworth, 14 sergeants, and
220 rank and file, and Major Child, Capt, Brown,

Lieut. Gillies, and Lieut. Brother, 7 sergeants, and
110 gunners, intended for duty in Halifax garrison.
They were escorted to the wharf by the regimental
band, the music, ordered to cease playing after the
death of his Royal Highness the Prince Consort,
having been permitted to perform as usual. The
passage of the troops through the town was hailed,
as on the former occasions, by,the cheers and accla-
mations of the people, and the conduct of the troops
was remarkably good. The statement contained in
some of the morning, and copied into the evening
papers of Thursday, of the departure of Royal Ar-
tillery from Woolwich for America, was incorrect,
a detachment having left for Tilbury Fort only.
A quorum of three field-officers, consisting of

Lieut.-Col. W. P. Radcliffe, 2d battalion, 20th
Regiment,, president, Lieut.-Col. Dickson, 16th
Lancers, and Lieut.-Col. Furness, Royal Artillery,
assembled at the Victoria Library, Aldershot, on
Thursday, for the purpose of drawing up a report
upon the condition and working of the library, for
the information of his Royal Highness the General
Commanding-in-Chief.

The deaths of the following military officers have
been officially reported at the War-office since the
Ist of December :—Field Marshal his Royal
Highness Francis Albert Augustus Chas. Emanuel,
the Prince Consort, Duke of Saxony, Prince of
Saxe •Coburg and Gotha, K.G., K.T„ K.P., G.C.8.,
and G.C.M.G., Col. of the Grenadier Guards, Col.-
in-Chief of the Rifle Brigade, Governor and Con-
stable of Windsor Castle, and Col. and Capt.-Gen.
of the Hon. Artillery Company of London ; Gens.
Sir E. Bowater, K.C.H., Col. 149th Regiment, and
A. Armstrong, late iloyallitsh. Artillery;
_Lieut.-
Gene. the Hon. Y. Finch, C. 8., 24th Regiment, and

D. Daly ; Lieut.-Cols. R. Daly, 3d Buffs; J, Ward,
81st Regiment; W. Ready and H. North, 14th
Regiment ; Captains W. C. Grant, 2d Dragoon
Guards, and I'. M- Mottley, Royal Artillery ;
Lieuts. R. B. Stone, Royal Artillery, W. F, A. E.
Presgrave, 17th Regiment, E. Penfold, 12th Dra-
goons; H. A. Mosse, 94th Regiment; W. V.
Riet, Cape Corps, J. Grant and F. W. Vieth ;
Ensign C. J. Wix ; 11th Regiment; Paymaster R.
W. Kyffin, 12th Regiment ; Commissary-General
W. Fielder, C.B. ; Deputy Commissary-General T.
Stiekney ; Inspector-General of Hospitals W. Daw-
son, M.D. ; Surgeon W. M'Andrew, M.D., 57th
Regiment; Deputy-Assistant Superintendent of
Stores A. G. Crawford; Solicitor, W. G. Carter,
Coldstream Guards.

MR. BEECROFT,j!LP., ON FEMALE

EDUCATIOW.

At the annual soiree of the Wodehouse Me-
chanics' Institute, Leeds, held during the present
,week, under the presidency of the Mayor J. Kitson,

~sq.,

Mr. BEECROFT, M.P., one of the members for the
borough, spoke on the value of female education.
The hon. member, who was received with applause,
said—The 'when we come to ana-
lysei idea
assumes
ofe education,
rpresuppeses, I
think, that, in the
existing economy of the world, some things there
are which have not perfection impressed upon them
primarily, or at once, but which are made to depend
for the attainment of their perfection upon the
gradual application of human instrumentality. We
observe in this respect great diversity in the opera-
tions of nature. Some of the laws which the
Supreme Being has impressed upon the universe are
wholly and entirely beyond the power, the direc-
tion, the influence, the will of man. Certain laws
—such, for instance, as those which regulate the
motion of the heavenly bodies, and determine the
time of the seasons—are what we may call absolute
laws. Like gravitation, or pulsation, they arc, so
far as man is concerned, perfect involuntary—being
in no wise dependent upon man for their origin, their
scope, their continuance, or any circumstances what-
ever. In reference to laws like these the idea of
training or education has no place. We do not in-
form our hearts how to beat. We do not instruct
matter to gravitate. The times and seasons are not
trained by us to observe their appointed round. Nor
do we educate the planets to move in their respec-
tive OThits. Hein the law, which is Divine, is from
the first complete and perfect, lacking nothing, and
leaving nothing for man to supplement. Other
laws, however, there are, which in the very
order of God's providence, are, to a considerable
extent, brought within the reach of human
influence, and subject to modification at the
guiding or disposing hand of man. Of these the
law of growth, or the law of development is ono.
In the growth of fruits, vegetables, and cereals,
man has to perform an assisting process—he
trains them. This regulative training, when ap-
plied to the law of the growth or development
of the human being, constitutes, in fact, education.
For, in truth, education is nothing more or less than
this, the right training of the human species in its
growth or development as a compound being, con-
sisting of body, mind, and spirit. Education is the
proper training of the growing human intellect.
Education is the proper training of the growing
human effections. Education is the proper training
of the development of our spiritual .ature. Thus
in man, at his birth, no part of his . .plex being
is perfect ; but everything requires to be educated
—his physical being, his mental being, his moral
being, his soul. And thus also is it of necessity a
providential dispensation that each generation is the
trainer or educator of that which succeeds it. But
now, sir, I must observe, that as education is the
proper training of the whole being of the individual,
so also is it the proper training of the infant, of the
child, of the adult. Education is the proper train-
ing of the rich ; and it is the proper training of the
poor. Education is the proper training of the man
and to come to the sentiment entrusted to me, it is
the proper training of the woman. (Hear, hear.)
Female education, like any other form of class edu-
cation, has some special characteristic features of
its own, and one which it possesses in common with
the other divisions of education. If it is not the
education of the dominant sex; if it is not the educa-
tion of the sex out of which the members of our
learned professions are taken ; if it is not the educa-
tionwhich supplies cur ministers, our statesmen, our
judges, our magistrates, our clergy ; if it is an edu-
cation which looks rather to private life than to
public or to political life, it is nevertheless an edu-
cation which has to do with a most important class
of the community, with those upon whom we are
dependent for the supply of our domestic necessities
and our home comforts; with those who in our family
circle are our pleasant companions, our loving
friends, our help-meets, our ministering angels;
with those who are the bearers of the rising gene-
ration, and who, more than any others, by their
sweet influence on the infant and the child, deter-
mine the future of the man. Under circumstances
like these the education of woman cannot be other-
wise than a matter of paramount importance ; and
I wish we might venture to assume that this educa-
tion was perfectly satisfactory, both as to the direc-
tion which it takes, and the degree to which it pro-
ceeds. (Hear.) But recent investigations have, I
fear, proved (see the report of the Education Com
missioners) that the popular education of girls (as
well as boys) is defective—being ambitious and
superficial rather than useful and solid. As an ex
treme illustration of this, I suppose, ono school is
cited in which it appeared that almost every girl
had a crinoline, but hardly any girl possessed a
pocket-handkerchief. (Applause and laughter.)
If popular female education so missed the mark in
other respects, what a burlesque it would be Hap-
pily this is not tho case; but still there are some
errors to be deplored, and some mistakes to be rec-
tified ; and we need more than ever to work by this
rule, that education, in so far as it is common to all
ranks, should be useful and solid ; and that where
it is special for any rank, it should be appropriate to
that rank. I am not quite sure that the physical edu-
cation of woman is appreciated or attend4,o as it
ought to be, Health, and exercise as l "iliaeans to

health, are too much ignored, especially amongst
the higher classes. In our more elevated women,
delicacy and refinement are great charms ; but
delicacy and refinement are pushed too far when
obtained at the sacrifice of the bone, muscle, sinew,
nerves, and all that goes to constitute the physical
conformation of the motherhood of young England,
(Hear, hear.) lam not proposing the fast young
lady as a model to her sex; nor do I suggest that
our maidens, like our young men, should play at
cricket, or take an oar, or follow the hounds. But
I do venture to think that in every bodily exercise
which consists with feminine pre priety, there is
that which ministers to their own comfort and hap-
piness, and which conduces to the wellbeing and
elevation of posterity. As to that part of female
education which consists in the cultivation of the
mind, there are I think three things requiring spe-
cial consideration. 1. The subjects of education.
These should in general be useful rather than am-
bitious. To read well, to write fairly, to have a
sufficient acquaintance with accounts, to have some
knowledge of the earth on which we dwell, and of
the inhabitants thereof—this I suppose ought to be
the minimum of any one's education. 2. The next
point to be attended to is the kind of education.
This ought to be solid rather than superficial.
Whatever is done, let it be well done. Depth is
better than extent. 3. The last point I shall notice
is the extent of education. This of course depends
upon the rank, condition, and future prospects of
the woman. Education must be special as well as
general, must fit the woman to do her duty in that
particular state of life to which God's providence
calls her. (Hear.) This at once defines the extent
of education. To the female children of the
working classes, the ability to cut out, to sew, to
make clothes, to cook, to bake, to wash, is of far
greater importance than any skill of fancy work,
in crochet, in embroidery. For 'the industrious
classes, we want a special industrious education.
Then, again, as to those who are to become wives
and mothers, not under "limited liability," but at
any rate with limited means, what education so
important as that which teaches them the value of
money, how to make much of a little, how to rear
children, how to guide a household ? Accomplish-
ments are not to be excluded from the idea of female
education. They are to be excluded, indeed, from
the education of those females who have time and
opportunity only for what is useful. In all other
cases they are admissible, except that education
must not consist of ornament and accomplishments
only. Neither must these be put first; they must
be preceded by, and built upon, the solid super-
structure of useful education. I see no reason why
men should be jealous of clever women. If God
bestows upon a woman great intellectual power and
free leisure to cultivate it, there is plainly a call to
the work. Nor need we assign any limit to the
mental culture in this case, which we should not
assign to the intellectual culture of a man similarly
placed. (Hear, hear.) The degradation of woman
is the degradation of man; her elevation is his ele-
vation. Educate woman, and you secure the intel-
lectual progress of posterity, and the true aggran-
disement of your country.

MR, AIRTON, 111. P., AND HIS CON-

ASTITUENTS.

Mr. Ayrton met a numerous meeting of his con-
stituents last night at the Beaumont Institution,
Mile-end-road, to explain to them the course he
pursued during the last session, and give his
opinions on the present momentous crisis. Shortly
after half-past seven o'clock the chair was taken by
Robert Charles, Esq., who thanked the meeting for
the honour conferred on him, and introduced their
worthy member, who was anxious to explain to
them to his views on the political topics of the day.
Mr. AYRTON then came forward and was very
warmly received. After alluding to his efforts to
promote their local prosperity, and assuring them
of his anxiety to continue doing so, he complained
that the constitution of the Metropolitan Board
of Works was not such as gave a fair representation
to the ratepayers..o.f., She metropolis. It was also a
great cause of jest -amiiPlaint that the city of London
should enjoy the immunities it possessed for centu-
ries. The coal tax, for instance, was an intolerable
burden, They would be surprised when he told them
what went on in Parliament during the last session
with respect to taxation. It appeared, by a com-
mittee of which he was a member, that though the
city of London up to the year 1750 received only
about £l,lOO a year for doing certain duties, yetin
the year before the committee sat that sum increased
to £76,000 a year, and there was besides a sum of
£270,000 which ought to have been placed in the
hands of proper representatives, instead of allowing
it to remain where it stood. The fact was that the
taxes on the people were such that he knew not
how long they would bear them. (Cheers.) He
alluded next to the manifest injustice done to
jurors in keeping them dangling about the courts
from day to day, at great expense and inconvenience,
and expressed it as his opinion that they ought to
have one central court in some convenient part of
the metropolis, where all parties could be accommo-
dated. He believed that that was the great object
of the present Lord Chancellor, and he was glad to
say it was a subject of his most particular attention.
With respect to the question of the Poor-law Re-
moval, they had a measure introduced last session
which he regretted to say was not one of which he
could approve. They had many measures brought
forward on this topic for many years, and yet,
notwithstanding all the experience acquired, and
the inquiries entered into, the bill of last session
was really of a most imperfect description. He
felt it his duty to express his indignation on the
short-comings of that measure, and hoped that, in
the end, the interests of millions would prepon-
derate over those of a few thousands of great
power and influence. Then, with respect to the
Post-office Savings Banks, he was one of the first
to suggest the principle ; but although be thought
the savings of the people were secure in these
establishments, he did not think it wise that the
Crown should undertake such duties, but that
the people should be incited to help themselves,
rather than have these extraordinary aids afforded
them. (Hear.) There were other questions to which
ho paid great attention, such as the improvement
in the law of bankruptcy, although he could not
coincide with the divergency in the law between
the rich and the poor—or rather between the man
who owed large debts, as compared with the poor
man who owed but a few shillings. That anomaly
he promised to have remedied as soon as it was
possible. Then with respect to the question of edu-
cation, he was entirely for a voluntary system, in-
dependently of the state, on the principle put for-
ward by Adam Smith as regarded commerce, so that
the people may be taught in the end that the
instruction of the minds of their children was as
necessary as sustenance for their bodies. To the last
education minute he entirely subscribed, though he
denounced the conditions with which its promoters
clogged its working, believing as he did that it was
not a sound principle to give a million of money to
a committee of the Privy Council, but that it should
be placed entirely under the control of Parliament,
and Parliament alone. (Hear.) With respect to
free trade, it meant an anxious competition to pro-
mote the welfare of the people, and not an encou-
ragement to combinations to put down the working
classes. He was a supporter of the former, and
would on all occasions endeavour to do so to the
utmost of his power. As to India, he had been in
that country, and felt it to be his bounden duty to
take part in the legislation respecting it. Some of
his views and suggestions were adopted by the Go-
vernment, but he could assure them there was no
ground whatever for the reports spread in the Tower
Hamlets that one of their members was to be pro-
vided for. (A laugh,) With respect to a reform bill,
they all knew the history of that question ; and
although he supported measures brought forward

by private individuals, he was of opinion that
the Government of the day should undertake
such questions, and that it was its bounden
duty to do so, instead of giving a mock support
to individuals who could not possibly succeed.
Then, as regarded church rates the same principle
applied, because in point of fact that measure was
destroyed by allowing it to remain in the hands of
private and independent members of Parliament.
But if the Government treated those measures as
they should have done, they would soon become law.
They had shown the liveliest sympathy for vote by
ballot, and other free institutions of the Italian
States ; but though he admired that course of policy
very much, he should like to see the same principle
extended a little more in England. For his own
part he doubted whether, after all, they were not
running here after a shadow, while a great and
powerful neighbouring kingdom had not only re-
ceived already great acquisitions, but would un-
doubtedly get mOre. Then, as to the state of things
at the other side of the Atlantic, he was afraid the
line of demarcation between the contending parties
was too great to give any hope of amicable relations
ever existing between them. Under these circum-
stances, it was the duty of the British Government
to keep the strictest neutrality—and even in rela-
tion to the communications of Mr. Secretary beward
the conduct of her Majesty's Ministers was mild
and conciliatory, which gave the people of America
opportunity to boast and bluster. The belligerent
rights of the Confederate States were acknowledged
both by England and France, and in consequence
such was the assumption of authority on the part of
the Northern States with respect to England that
it was, in his opinion, no longer to be borne. They
repudiated the Queen's proclamation, in the first
instance, and added to the insult by that most ag-
gravating outrage committed on a late occasion.
He hoped, however, the course taken by the Go-
vernment would teach the American people a wiser
lesson, and that Messrs. Mason and Slidell would at
once be surrendered. He was afraid, however,
that that surrender would not put an end to diffi-
culties for the future. They had not as yet
recognised the Southern States, but he would
remind them that the time may come when
they might refuse to trade with this country
in consequence of a want of that recognition.
He believed they were approaching a crisis of
great and unexampled difficulty, for the supply of
cotton was diminishing ; it would, week by week,
grow less, and in a few months the industry of mil-
lions may vanish from the land. To this it may be
added that the crops in America were in such a
condition that no effort on the part of the planters
could send a supply that would give the people in
the manufacturing districts work for even half-
time, and he hoped the Government would remem-
ber that if driven into war it was owing to the
haughty and overbearing arrogance of the North
American people. (Cheers.) It ought to be re-
membered that when the South American States
seceded from the Spanish Crown the Presidents of
America were the first to recognise their indepen-
deuce until the Republics of New Granada, Vene-
zuela, and Equador quarrelled among themselves,
and then they stepped in and recognised the inde-
pendence of each State, because it suited the pur-
pose of an American Congress, and American citi-
zens had large pecuniary demands upon them.
The same course was pursued with respect to
Hungary in 1848, and how could such a Govern-
ment find fault with England for recognising the
Confederate States of America, having a civil Go-
vernment of their own, and being up to this moment
in almost every instance victorious in the field ?
(Cheers.) It must not be forgotten the terrible
risks their manufacturing population were now
subjected to, and he hoped therefore the whole
nation would preserve the honour and dignity it
had at the cost of great suffering and sacrifice ac-
quired, and not abate one jot of what was justly
their right, in defending the honour of the British
flag. The hon. member resumed his seat amid loud
applause.

Mr. BURNIE moved the usual vote of confidence
hon._gentlernan,-which being seconded was
unanimously carried, and the proceedings termi-
nated.

POLAND.

WARSAW, DEC. 24.

The official organ has, no doubt by order of the
Government, denied the condemnation of the priests
and other persons to exile in Russia or to the mines
in Siberia. Nothing can be easier than to give to
this denial the most positive contradiction, for here
are the names of some of the unfortunate victims—
The Rev. Mr. Smolinski and the Rev. Mr. Fisrer
have been sent to Perm ; the Rev. Mr. Wiszniew-
ski and the Rev. Mr. Mleczck to Kostrom ; the Revs.
Teskao, Sigismond, and Borowski to Wiatka ; the
Rev. Mr. Kryniski to Kason ; the Key. Mr. Zakc-
zewski to Takoulok ; the Rev. Mr. Rzewnski, to
Vologoda ; the Rev. Mr. Tastriembski to Volomi-
dir. The destination of the Rev. Mr. Kurzacow-
ski is not known yet, and that of many other eccle-
siastics. Of the workmen and artisans a great
number have also been despatched to the same
quarter—indeed, the official journal has printed a
list of them ; and it is hardly necessary to repro-
duce
it in this short correspondence. Twelve stu-
dents
from the Academy here, and ten other young
gentlemen from Kalisch, among whom are Xavier,
Wolowski, Brukowski, Chlebowski, Skorubiski,
&c., have also been sent off to those pleasant regions ;
and in spite of this clearance the prisons are swarm-
ing with fresh candidates. The most arbitrary
mode of pouncing upon people is adopted. Thus,
Mr. Baumann, a merchant, was mistaken for his
clerk, arrested,
having solicited his release, was
told that until the clerk be produced, her husband
why. His wife, and kept in prison, nobody knows
omrdusetrebdethdeetpariensed.
idehtAotf
tKheolto CownolotonehleNVigmor had
incorporated
in the Russian army, and his head entirely shaved.
The family lodged a complaint against so tyrannical
a proceeding with Mr. Krusenstern,Under Secretary,
of State in the Ministry of the Interior, who re-
plied, that in times of war, military men are not
called upon to account to the civil authorities for
the measures they may think fit to adopt. Mr.
Krusenstern (who I believe is a German) is the same
gentleman that issued a circular enjoining his agents
to arrest all suspected persons and to carry them to
the nearest prison or fortress.
Mr. Hube, who replaced the Marquis Wielopolski,
as director in the ministry of Public Worship, has
entered upon a regular war with the clergy. See-
ing the impossibility of inducing the priests to open
the churches by persuasion, he comp
did not succeed
which was to be
monks who profess the Greco-Latin creed to
hseselllpeodffrttobhmee
i tras tuisotn
come
too openfrom the
z
ot
hp
ee n tills
he iorpc, hwuhr coh
we s
a,
si nf wpressed
he
de
by oa bt
At
theai i
rn. e
Hube,
they
d
jeeorinaml declaration that they
cp
or
no
fip es
cr
at yt e h. e rs c t hh
rpe oa st e
hs so ews ,e
ra
en
rd,
with the Roman Catholic priesthood, who remain
churchesu n m e a b e
without intheir
.eilocefi
fist
ymniun i str a to
know,r
havingo f the
rweipllliendot
tbheaptrotfhaenedd
is still lingering in the
As if not satisfied with this sort of campaign,
the Government is about to levy 20,000 recruits for
Archdeacon Bialobrdiemsaktiih:
,otheasad
beened
toacde
citadel
le of
ff
condemnedwlaVras
ar swtao.w,
the Russian army. This is a pretty fine specimen
of the boasted benevolence and good disposition of
the Czar towards the Poles; and it is surprising
how the European public are credulous in believing
that an autocrat could wield his sceptre otherwise
than by exercising it in the most tyrannical manner.
This opinion is not exaggerated ; it is shared by
even all the enlightened and intelligent part of the
Russian people, who themselves are beginning to
call for a different treatment. In proof of this, I
may cite a wide-spread conspiracy in Russia, whose'

head-quarters are at Moscow, and where a Nirnill
called IVielikorus (the Great Russian), the organ
of this conspiracy, is published, though nobody
knows by whom. It circulates throughout the em-
pire, and is read everywhere. Several numbers
have already appeared, and in the second, three
very important questions are submitted. Ist,
Which is the best way to follow in obtaining the
emancipation of the serfs ; 2d, What course is to
be taken with regard to Poland ; and the 3d, Which
is the best means for securing a constitution The
Secret Committee which presides over the delibera-
tions has determined that the peasants should be
set entirely free, and possess such landed property
as falls to their lot, and that the State should
indemnify the proprietors from the public trea-
sury for any losses they may thus sustain. As
to Poland, the committee declare that liberty can-
not be established in Russia without the restoration
of Poland to its former independence ; that it must
be clear to every Russian that the suljugation of
Poland can only be maintained at the sacrifice of an
immense army, its blood, and a ruinous expense—in
one word, by a most revolting military despotism ;
and that should such a system be pursued in Poland,
and no other can be employed, it is quite incom-
patible with anything like freedom to which Russia
now aspires. The restoration of Poland, among
the Russians, is not a matter of sentimentality, it is
one of justice and sound policy, and as such a fore-
runner of a better future. The third question is not
decided yet, there being a difference of opinion as
to the extent of reforms that could be practically
carried out ; but on one point a perfect harmony
seems to prevail, that the present reigning dynasty
are incapable and unfit for a constitutional govern-
ment,

An address to the Emperor, embodying all these
points, and pourtraying the sufferings of the Rus-
sian people, has been drawn up and widely spread,
and has received thousands of signatures.
Such a state of things in Russia must inevitably
lead to fundamental changes, and perhaps to a
split of this colossal but heterogeneous empire, and
withal to the benefit of the several nations who are
now groaning under the Muidevite oppression.