The Sun.
London, England, 1865-09-13 00:00:00

TBE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 13, 1865.

gallon of water is made. For the lair of one animal from
six to ten gallons of such fluid should be prepared. This
fluid is now distributed over the whole surface to be disin-
fected, gradually, by squirting from a syringe, or by pump-
ing through a force pump, garden engine, or by watering
from a watering pot or can with a finely pierced rose. All
woodwork, stones, bricks, cement, mortar, all fixtures of
whatever material,should be well wetted with the solution,
and immediately be scrubbed with a hard brush. Floor
and ceiling are also scrubbed, and the whole is left in this
wet state covered with the chloride of lime solution for at
least one hour, during which time care is taken that no
parts become dry.
3. As the chloside of lime and the products of its decom-
posing action upon infectious matters may be hurtful to
cattle, these matters have to be carefully washed off by a
second and final flushing. For this too much water and too
much scrubbing cannot be employed. Care should be taken
to apply the clean water always to the highest parts, so as
to cause it to flow thence to the lower parts, and to wash
away the waste from the lower parts before applying any
fresh water to the upper parts.
4. Care should also be taken to rinse and flush every
broom which has worked away sediment and waste from
the lower parts into and through 'the gutters and drains
before applying it again to the clean upper parts. Care
should also be taken that the working persons should not
step from the dirty or partially cleaned places on to the
clean ones, as this may suffice to bring infection back to
the disinfected place.
5. Lastly, all persons employed in this work, having
swept and flushed the gutters with the same care as the
lairs, are collected, together with all engines and tools which
they have used, as near as possible to the sink or place of
final egress of water from the premises, and there disin-
fected as will be described.
The tools, such as hooks, forks, spades, hoes, barrows,
ecc., are scrubbed with the above solution of chloride of
lime, and subsequently water until clean ; they are then
repeatedly wetted with the solution, and after it has had
time to disinfect the entire surface of them, they are washed
clean and laid up, or hung up to dry.
The workmen, then, having finished the disinfection and
flushing of all objects and surfaces, effect their own disin-
fection in the following manner ;—They wash their boots
most carefully with chloride of lime and water, scraping
the soles and scrubbing the same where the soles join the
upper leather. They wash their hands and arms, and by
means of clean rags or sponges they remove any splashes
from their clothes. After this they go indoors, remove all
clothes from head to foot, wash their bodies, particularly
their hands, faces, hair, and feet with plenty of soap and
water, and put on fresh clothes and linen. The clothes and
linen which they have taken off should be treated as infected,
set to soak immediately in boiling water and afterwards
disinfected, or in water containing two ounces of chloride
of lime to the gallon in solution, or containing four ounces
of Condy's red permanganate of potash fluid in solution ;
or the clothes and linen should be put in a copper and boiled
and subsequently washed. All articles of little value which
are much soiled should be burned on a bright fire.
Disinfection of Live Stock.-1. Live cattle may carry
infection in two ways—first, by being themselves infected
with the plague and reproducing the poison; and, secondly,
by accidentally carrying the poison from other animals in
a dormant state upon some part of their surface, their hair
and particularly their feet. These latter animals may
therefore infect others without being or becoming them-
selves subjects of the plague. All persons therefore buying
new animals should disinfect them before allowing them to
enter their premises. In a similar manner, if in a stable
there has been a case of plague, the healthy or apparently
healthy animals should all be disinfected.
2. The mode in which live animals may be disinfected
consists in washing them with disinfectant solutions of such
strength as will destroy the contagion without injuring the
surface of the animal. A solution of two ounces of chloride
of lime in a gallon of water is a proper solution for wash-
ing the coat of animals. A mixture of four ounces of
Condy's red permanganate of potash fluid, with one gallon
of water, is also a proper disinfectant solution. For full-
sized cows and bullocks, &c., several gallons of either of
these solutions should be used. Great care should be taken
to keep the solution away from the eyes, nostrils, mouth,
and tender parts. When the entire surface is washed and
disinfected, all disinfectant is removed by the application
of great quantities of clean tepid water to all parts.
The animal is given a warming and refreshing drink,
and is conducted by a clean attendant to the clean quaran-
tine shed. There it should receive fodder, both dry and
green, and sop, and plenty of purecold water, and be rubbed
dry with whisks of straw and hay.
The Quarantine Shed.-1. The quarantine shed is in-
tended to keep the new and suspected cattle separate for a
period of at least tan days, in order to afford the security
to be obtained by observation alone, that it is not actually
infected with plague. While, therefore, disinfection of the
surface of cattle removes one kind of danger, another,
which cannot be removed, can only be kept circumscribed
or penned in, and this is done by the quarantine shed. But
the keeping of cattle in the quarantine shed would not dis-
infect its surface with certainty even during a much longer
period than ton days; disinfection of the surface therefore
cannot supply the precaution of the quarantine shed, and a
rigorous quarantine cannot supply the effect of surface
disinfection. Both precautions are necessary for perfect
security, althonel either of, them_ nrith..* LhA ob
-Tr.-ours-a particular umantiw a s lair azuouut vf
2. The quarantine shed should be situated in an isolated
part of the premises. All manure and urine from it should
flow and be carried to a particular place separate and dis-
tant from the common dung-heap, and be buried daily.
The utmost cleanliness should be observed in the shed.
All tools, pails, currycombs, &c., used in it should be used
in it exclusively and nowhere else. Tho person attending
the quarantine shed should not be allowed to go into the
shed where healthy stock is kept, or permitted to approach
healthy stock. No person attending healthy stock should
be permitted to approach quarantine cattle, or to go near
or into the quarantine shed. But should, unfortunately,
only one person be available for both duties, that person
should be allowed to approach quarantine cattle only when
clothed in the safety dress to be immediately described.
The Safety Dress.--1. This consids of strong water-boots
reaching up to the knees, well greased all over; of a water-
proof coat, buttoned close all the way up in front, and
closing tightly round the neck and wrists. The head is to
be covered with a cap which takes the hair well in.
2. Every person having occasion to visit sheds in which
there is diseased cattle, or suspected cattle, or quarantine
cattle, should be provided with the above dress, put it on
when entering the place, take it off when leaving theplace,
and have it disinfected immediately. This precaution
should be strictly observed by all inspectors, all veterina-
rians or others called in to attend sick cattle, by all dealers
and butchers entering sheds, yards, or meadows, for the
purpose of sale or purchase, and ty all other persons com-
ing on the premises on business in connection with cattle.

3. Tho owners of stock should not allow any strangers
to enter their sheds, yards, or meadows, except in disin-
fected safety-dresses ; and in case this should give rise to
difficulties, they will do well to have themselves one or two
such safety-dresses at hand, and to cause all persons
whose business compels them to enter their sheds to leave
their own boots behind, and to put on the long boats,
waterproof coat, and special cap. Only thus can they hope
to exclude all ordinary and obvious chances of infection
from the previously healthy sheds, yards, and meadows.'
Measures to be taken on Premises where Plague has
actually appeared.—When the plague has actually ap-
peared in any shed, yard, or place, the sick animal should
at once be removed with all due precautions. It is cer-
tainly the safest and best to pole-axe the animal at once,
and to bury it entire, and then to disinfect the particular
lair as above described, clear out the stable or shed, disin-
fect the whole of it and all apparatus, also all the animals,
and only to let the animals enter the shed, &c., again
after it is completely sweet and dry.
2. If, however, a proprietor is desirous of keeping a
sick animal because its illness does not appear severe or
fatal, he should place it in a separate shed, which must not
be the same as or near to the quarantine shed, and be dis-
tant from all healthy animals, and so situated that the pre-
...

Tailing wind does not blow from this hospital shed towards
the healthy or quarantine shed. The water should also
never flow from this hospital shed towards the others, or
the yard, or any meadow, but should be carefully drained
away and sent off the premises by a special sink.
3. To prevent the scattering of faeces by infected ani-
mals (and also by suspected animals and all animals
. _

suffering from diarrhoea), their tails should be so tied to one
or other of their horns as tq protect them against being
soiled by the intestinal discharges, and to prevent them
from distributing such discharges by the ceaseless motions
peculiar to these organs. The spattering of faxes should
be prevented by a copious supply of rough straw, with some
sand, sawdust, or ashes placed behind and underneath the
animal. The straw and feces should be dealt with as has

been described. Animals affected with plague or diarrrhcea

should not be led along streets, highroads, and paths, as
they would be certain to drop infectious feces, which would
then be distributed over the entire length of these roads by
the feet of men and animals, and the:wheels of vehicles.
4. The sick animals should be disinfected repeatedly ;
their pens should be cleaned and disinfected repeatedly,
during the course of the illness. This should be done by
persons either guarded by the safety dress, or—and this is
safest—by such as may not come into contact with healthy

cattle, or have to enter healthy sheds. All tools, pails,
fodder, &c., to be used in the hospital shed to be kept for
that purpose only, and never to be used with healthy, or

quarantine or only suspected cattle.
5. If the proprietor of any dead piece of cattle, whether
it has died naturally or been killod, should decide upon die..
membering it instead of burying it entire, and upon utilis-
ing the hide, horns, hoofs, tallow, and bones, he should dis-
infect the skin, horns, and hoofs, by steeping them for one

- -
hour in a strong solution of chloride of lime, containing one

pound of the powder in each gallon of water, and afterwards
washing them. The tallow should be thickly powdered with
chloride of lime all ovor, and be sent directly to the boilers.
It should not be boiled in any
vessel employed on the farm.
Under all circumstances, it is advisable to let the dismem-
berment of dead and fallen cattle be performed at the
knacker's yard.

6. Flesh, blood, guts, lungs, and the bones of the head of
infected animals should not be trafficked with, as they can-
not easily be disinfected. They should always be buried.
Disinfection of Meadows, Fields, Roads, Bte.-1. Meadows