The Sun.
London, England, 1865-09-01 00:00:00

out of all proportion to the income received. The
Governor-General in Council has already ordered
many important reforms to be adopted in the Pro-
vinces with the hope of obtaining some return from
the Canals for the capital spent on them ; but the
faults of construction of the Ganges Canal threaten
to prove a source of constant expense, and to thwart
every effort of the Administration. There can 2
no reason in the nature of things why Reproductive
Works undertaken in one province of India should
be eminently successful, and in the next as eminent
failures, and we are driven to the conclusion that
the diversity of results is directly due to the diver-
sity of skill in those who plan them and superintend
their construction. The Governor-General in coun-
cil is obliged to trust to subordinates, and the latter
are not always of the same ability. The enormous
profits which are derived from works properly con-
structed may, however, point to a way of escaping
from the dilemma of doing nothing or of working
in the dark as to results. There seems no reason
why Irrigation Works in India should not be under-
taken by incorporations of capitalists, just as rail-
ways are. The experience of the last few years has,
indeed, shown that in India it. elf there is great
readiness among the wealthy natives to combine to-
gether for the prosecution of any work that pro-
mises to be profitable, and with a little encourage-
ment at starting private enterprise would take up
the work of irrigating the peninsula to such an ex-
tent that the Imperial Government might almost
retire from it. Some jealousy might at first be felt
of intrusting such important works to independent
speculators, but jealousies of this kind are fast pass-
ing away, and the development of Irrigation Works
would be one of the best possible means of making
English capital useful to India.
HERALD.—The minor German Powers, on whom
rests so large a share of the responsibility of the
Danish war, are by no means content with the solu-
tion of the question which Prussia and Austria have
offered them. The two latter States have not only
eaten the oyster and given Germany the shell, but
they have completed their repast in a manner so os-
tentatiously contemptuous of the sentiments of every
German who is not a Prussian or an Austrian, that
the outsiders are beginning to feel anxious about
their own rights, and to look with grave misgivings
on the brilliant example of successful force which
Herr Von Bismarck has been setting them. As yet
it is true the two great German Powers have only
profited at the expense of the foreigner, and that
foreigner the weakest and most disliked of all their
neighbours. For, although indirectly, the Duke of
Augustenburg has been quite as much despoiled of
his provinces as the King of Denmark, his sove-
reignty never actually existed. But when the Fede-
ral Diet is quietly ignored, and the claims of the
pretender in whose cause the war was actually un-
dertaken are snuffed out, with as little consideration
as if neither the Diet nor the Duke were in exis-
tence, we can understand that the petty potentates,
who have so long played off Austria and Prussia to
their own advantage, and who evidently hoped to
make them their mere tools in their aggressions
against a neighbouring State, already scent mischief
in the air, and feel the necessity of some kind of
action to avert the distant but still threatening
danger. The truth is the real union of Austria and
Prussia means unmistakeably the reduction of the
power, if not of the pretensions, of the rest of the
German Confederation to comparatively insignifi-
cant proportions. And if it be true that that union
has been cemented by them which oettfirms Prussia
in the undisturbed possession of the territory wrested
from Denmark, and gives to Austria a Prussian gua-
rantee for the security of her non-German provinces,
then the rest of Germany may reasonably feel some
apprehension. Bavaria has been the first on the
present occasion to sound a note of alarm, if not of
absolute defiance. The official organ of the Bava-
rian Government announces that Bavaria is no
party to the policy of the great German Powers
upon the Schleswig-Holstein question; that she will
oppose it in the Federal Diet ; and that she still
maintains the right of the Duke of Augustenburg
to the sovereignty of the Duchies. Whether the
other minor states will follow her example remains
to be seen. The organ of Von Beust in Saxony used
remarkably strong language a week or two since in
regard to the ambitious projects of Prussia. Possi-
bly the example of Bavaria may stimulate the Go-
vernment of Saxony to a similar course of action,
and Wurtemburg is tolerably certain to follow suit.
We shall then have a strong opposition in and out-
side the Federal Diet, and the result of the divided
councils can hardly be very satisfactory for any one
of the powers engaged in the spoliation of Denmark.
We cannot say we sympathise with the opposition.
Neither Prussia nor Austria are primarily responsi-
ble for the aggression upon Denmark. Both powers
have in their turn incurred considerable unpopula-
rity in resisting the aggressive fever which possessed
Germany, and nowhere is their inaction so violently
censured as in Saxony and Bavaria. If, after all,
the result of the war is to strengthen the two great
powers at the expense of the rest of Germany, the
rest of Germany has only its own crooked and foolish
policy to thank for the unpleasant change. One
thing is certain, the opposition will effect little.
Prussia is not likely to relax the hold she has gained
on the Duchies. She has fleshed her sword, and felt
her strength. She has apparently made Austria safe.
She has no fear, as she might have had some years
ago, of a coalition between the small German States
and a foreign power. The time i 3 gone by for that.
So she may proceed quietly to digest and assimilate
her spoil, while Bavaria and Saxony amuse them-
selves with empty protests, which can only serve to
bring every day into stronger relief the fiction of
power they exercise in the councils of the Diet. At
present the Schleswig-Holstein question appears to
have received a definite solution. We see, or think
we see, the end of it. Whether from its ashes there
will not arise a serious complication in the internal
affairs of the German Confederation is a question on
which every one who watches the tendency of poli-
tics in Germany must entertain very grave doubt.

THE CONDITION OF SIGNOR GI ITGLINI.—The
Diritto of the 25th August gives the following sad
account of the great tenor's state of mind :—" Poor
Giuglini ! the first physicians have examined him, and
there remains no longer any hope of his cure. This
famous tenor, who held so long the first rank at her Ma-
jesty's Theatre, has still, indeed, a ray now and then of
reason, but it is only of short duration. Three days ago
two Italian gentlemen whom he hadknown at Milan came
to see him at the house of the doctor who has the care of
him. Giuglini was sitting upon a couch, in a dressing-
gown, with a portion of 'Faust' in his hands. When they
entered the greawsinger rose to meet them, grasped them
by the hand, and spoke for 20 minutes about London, Paris,
Naples, and Milan. During the conversation ho expressed
himself with clearness and good sense, and nobody would
have thought the unhappy man was mad. No sooner,
however, did ono of the Italians pronounce the words ' St.
Petersburg' than his eyes began to glitter and stare, and
he said in a strange tone to his old friends, ' Will you go
to the opera to-night ? I will find you seats.' The Italians
humoured him, and said, ' Yes ;' whereupon he gave them
each a chair and went out of the apartment. By-and-
bye he returned in the costume of Gennaro, and sang in
his own sweet manner the romance, Anch io provai le
tenere.' Then he wont on all alone to give the last scene;
his chest heaved, his face was lit up with pleasure ; his
voice, plaintive with sighs, struck pity to the mind as he
sang, with extraordinary tenderness, the words—
' Madre, se ognor lontano
Vissi dal materno seno
A lui unisca Iddio.'
. _ _

After that he stood up to his full height for a moment, his
arms grew rigid, and he fell flat like a man struck by
lightning. The medical attendant was summoned directly,
and found Giuglini in a state of the most complete prostra-
tion : nor from that time has he as yet recognised any
one."

ELECTION OF LORD MAYOR OF LONDON.—The
ceremony of electing a Lord Mayor of the City of
Loudon, in succession to Mr. Alderman Warren Stormes
Hale, the present chief magistrate, will take place on Fri-
day, the 29th inst. Those members of the Court of Alder-
men who have passed the shrievalty are alone eligible, and
those who have not passed the chair stand in the following
order :—Mr. Alderman Benjamin Samuel Phillips (Faning-
don Within), elected 1857 ; Mr. Alderman Thomas Gabriel
(Vintry), elected • 1857 ; Mr. Alderman William Ferneley
Allen (Cheap), elected 1858 ; Mr. Alderman John Joseph
Mechi (Lime-street), elected 1858 ; Mr. Alderman Abbiss
(Bridge Within), elected 1859; Mr. Alderman James Clarke
Lawrence(Walbrook), elected 1860; Mr. Alderman Thomas
Dakin (Candlewick), elected 1861; Mr. Alderman Bosley
(Aldersgate), elected 1861; Mr. Alderman Lusk (Aldgate),
elected 1863. Mr. Alderman Dakin and Mr. Alderman Besley
are the present sheriffs, but their term of office will have
expired before the election for the mayoralty. The other
aldermen below the chair, Messrs. Gibbons, Waterlow, and
Stone, not having been sheriffs, are ineligible for the office
of chief Magistrate. The ordinary course pursued at such
elections is for the livery to return the names of the two
senior aldermen below the chair to the Court of Aldermen,
who select one as the new Lord Mayor, and the Court of
Aldermen almost unanimously select the senior of the two.
In the event, therefore, of the old custom being adhered
to, Alderman Phillips will be Lord Mayor of London for
the year 1865-66. The livery may, however, return any two
of the aldermen below the chair if they please, and an
elector may, if he is so disposed, nominate the present Lord
Mayor for re-election, or any alderman who has passed the
civic chair in addition to those returned by the livery. This
was recently done when Alderman Cubitt was proposed for
re-election in opposition to Sir Henry Maggeridge, who
was the first in order below the chair. When three are
nominated in this way a poll must take place, and the Court
of Aldermen make their selection from the two who re-
ceive the largest number of votes from the livery.
CRYSTAL PALACE.— ONE SHILLING DAY, Thurs-
day, Aug. 31.—Admissions on payment, 7,998 ditto by
season tickets, 2,lsB—total visitors, 10,156.