The Sun.
London, England, 1865-09-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 25, 1865.

TO BRISTOL COLSTON BOYS.—A Bristol
Colston Boy, who is now in great DISTRESS (through
severe domestic calamities), would be glad to receive any
ASSISTANCE in the shape of Money or Postage Stamps,
which can be sent to EDWARD COLSTON, No. 6, James-
street, Covent-garden.

GREAT ST. JAMES'S-HALL.—WORLD of
MAGIC, Second Sight, and " Begone. Dull Care,"
every evening. at 8. A Day Performance, Saturday, at 3.
The most varied entertainment in the metropolis."—Vide
the Press. Admission, is. •

PROFESSOR and the Misses ANDERSON.—
Farewell season. World of Magic. Second Sight, and
the original Indian Basket Trick, in conjunction with Fre-
deric (the great) Maccabe, the unrivalled ventriloquist, mimic,
and character actor.

VREDERIC MACCABE, Ventriloquist, Mimic,
tico., in his original entertainment, "Begone, Dull Care,"
"Miss Mary May," " Early in the Morning." Balcony, 2s. ;
reserved seats, 3s. ; stalls, ss. ; at Ur. Austin's office, St.
James's • hall, 28, Piccadilly.
A. NIMMO, Acting Manager.

°HANG, the Great FYCHOW GIANT, and
NJ Suite, at the EGYPTIAN HALL, Piccadilly. First
LEVEE THIS (MONDAY) EVENING, 2511, from Eight
till Ten o'clock.

STODARE.-175TH REPRESENTATION.-
THEA ELLE OF MYSTERY, EGYPTIAN HALL.
MARVELS in MAGIC and VENTRILOQUISM. by Col.
STODARE. The REAL INDIAN BASKET TRICK, and
INS CANTANEOUS GROWTH of FLOWER TREES, as
introduced for the first time in this country on Easter Mon-
day, April 17, 1865, by Colonel Stodare, and only performed
by him and the Indian Magicians.
Every evening at 8 (Saturdays included), also on Wednes-
day and Saturday Afternoons at 3. Stalls at Mitchell's, 33,
Old Bond-street, and Box-office, Egyptian Hall. Admission,
Is., 25., and 3s.

Almost miraculous."—Vide Times, April 18,1885.

11" 0 X F O R D.
,6, OXFORD STREET. W.
The Orford and Canterbury Hall gompany (limited).

SIXTY-SIX, by J. Offenbich, performed by
Misses Russell. Barrie, Walmesley, Tyrell, Ellen Reid, Ma-
dame Maria, and Miss FitzFlenry ; Messrs. A. bt. Albyn,
Husk, acid Green, with full Bandland Chorus.
Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans.

Ballet, Comedy, Burlesque. &c., by_ the celebrated D'Au-
bans, Messrs. Duriah and Davis, and the Misses TE3SY
and SARA. GIJANISS. .

NO PILE.—The Oxford has been entirely Redecorated,
Altered, Newly Lighted, and Ventilated, and now is one of
the most agreeable places of resort in the kingdom.—OPEN
EVERY EVENING at Eight o'clock.

The Classical Ballet, entitled THE BRIDAL of BEAUTY,
in which the Misses TESSY and SARA GUNNISS will
make their reappearance THIS EVENING.
Admission—Area, 6d.; stalls and balcony, ls. ; private
boxes, 10s. 6d. •

CANTERBURY HALL.
KO KO RI KO.

This wonderful entertainment, having proved the greatest
hit ever made, will be repeated EVERY EVENING, in ad-
dition to the Operatic Sele3tions, supported by the whole
talent of the establishment.

Comedy, Burlesque, and Ballet by Mrs. and Mr. Randall,
Messrs. Duriah and Davies, the D'Aubans, and Arthur
Lloyd.
Director, Mr. F. Jongmans.

. ..
All visitors to London at this season should see the above
entertainment.

IV7ADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION.-
IIL Established 30 years, at the Bazaar, Baker-street.

NEW ADDITIONS.—In accordance pith the season, the
Exhibition has been entirely re-embellished. The whole of
the ancient Court Dresses of the most costly description,
faithfully cooled from the most minute pictures, have been
renewed. Modern Court Dresses of the most splendid de-
scription, selected from the first houses in Paris and London,
and probably never equalled or surpassed, are now on view.

Life-size Models of DOCTOR E. W. PRITCHARD and
CONSTANCE KENT are now added.

Open from 11 a.m. tllllO p.m.
Admittance, One Shilling; Extra Rooms, Sixpence.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
Piccadilly.—GßAND CASINO and MUSICAL PRO-
MENADE is DT( )W OPEN for the Season.
Musical Director, M. LUIGI CURTI.
Manager, Mons. 0-BENET.
The Band plays nightly Selections from the most eminent
Composers.
Doors open at half-past 8 o'clock; close five minutes to 12
o'clock.

MONEY SPECULATION.—
To obtain 200,000,100,000, 10 .000, 50,000. 30,000, 20,000,
15,0, 0, 7 of 10,000, 2 of P,OOO, 2 of 6,000, 4 of 5,00), 4 of 4,000,
18 of 3,000, 50 of 2,000, 100 of 1,010 Marks German 4 urrency,
guaranteed by Government beginning:of the drawing on
ith October.
ONLY PRIZES are to be drawn.

- -
The price for three Original Government Tickets is £l.
Orders executed with remittances in c trrcnt money or in
bills on the Bank of London, or in Freemarks of the Post-
office, and the original list of drawn numbers shall be trans-
mitted i unctually by
LAZ. SAMS. COHN,
Banker in Hamburg (Germany).

JOHN G °SNELL and CO.'S CHERRY
TOO ril PASTE is greatly Superior to any tooth
powder; gives the teeth a pearl hiteness, protects the
enamel from decay, and imparts a pleasant fragrance to the
the breath. Price ls. 61-12, Three King-court, Lombard-
street. London.

DR. SCOTT'S LIVER AND BILIOUS
PILLS.—A NEVER. FAILING REMEDY.—Pre-
'Jared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr.
Scott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who
,uffer from bilious and liver complaints, indigesticn, wind.
ipaBMS, giddiness, elizzinew of the eyes, &o. For habitual
•ostiveness, as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier
A the blood, they are truly excellent; mild in their opera-
tion and grateful to the stomach, they create appetite, pro-
mote digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system.
Sold by W. Lambert, B. King William-street, Charing-cross.
London, and by most druggists, in boxea,ls. lid., and three
times the quantity in one, 2s. gd. Be sure to ask for Dr.
Soott's Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square
green package. with " William Lambert." engraved on the
stamp.

CRUMLIN VlADUCT.—Considerable alarm has
been manifested for some weeks past in consequence of ru-
mours that Crumlin Viaduct was not in a secure state.
These rumours soon reached the ears of Lord Llanover,
Lord Lieutenant of the county of Monmouth, who consi-
dered it his duty to communicate on the subject with the
Board of Trade. The authorities very properly, and
without delay, deputed Captain Tyler, one of their most
eminent inspectors, to make the necessary examination,
and to apply the requisite tests, with a view of as-
certaining the stability of the bridge. This examination
took place on Thursday morning. There were present Lord
Llanover, Capt. Tyler, Mr. Owen, C.E., Great Western
Railway; Mr. G. Armstrong, district locomotive superin-
tendent; Mr. Jas. Kelly, superintendent of the South Wales
division; Mr. J. F. Relton, district superintendent, and other
officers of the company, by whom the matter was regarded
as one of great interest and importance. The first test ap-
plied was that of running a train of seven engines and their
tenders (weighing together 210 tons), from one end of the
viaduct to the other at different rates of speed. This train
exactly covered two spans of the viaduct, and the appear-
ance of so many engines linked together, with their polished
work reflecting the rays of a bright sun, was a spectacle re-
markable even to men experienced in the railway world.
The moment, as might be supposed, was one of no ordinary
excitement, but the results, as will be seen, were as
gratifying as the most sanguine could desire. After this
great load had been many times passed and re-passed over
the line, as already described, and the effect duly noted
by the inspector, a much severer test was resorted to.
Seven engines with their tenders were placed on one line,
and one powerful engine and its tender attached to 15 large
trucks heavily loaded with coal and iron (each truck and its
contents weighing 15 tons), were placed on the other line.
Those enormous masses, the greatest that could be put on,
were simultaneously moved backwards and forwards at
various rates of speed, the deflection and lateral oscilla-
tion being carefully noted. It is pleasing to find that after
eight years' wear, the deflection of the girders does not
exceed what it was when the viaduct was first tested prior
to its being opened for traffic purposes. It appears that
there has been some slight wear upon several of the bolts,
which had been in course of repair, and this will probably
account for the prevalence of the alarming reports upon
which the Lord-Lieutenant so promptly acted. The public
will heartily rejoice to hear that there was not a shadow
of foundation for such reports, and the scientific tests now
applied are well calculated to inspire increased confidence
in the safety of this remarkable structure, which has so
appropriately been designated the chef d'oeuvre of the
Messrs. Kennard Brothers. During the examination all
traffic on this part of the lino was suspended, but it was
resumed immediately on the termination of the experi-
ments. The official report will of course be sent direct to
the Board of Trade, and will probably not be made public
for some days.—From the Star of Gwent.
ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION.—M. Dabry, French
Consul at Han Keoo, in China, has just published an inte-
resting paper in the Bulletin de la Societe de Acclimatation
on the process employed by the Chinese in hatching eggs.

AMERICA.

By the arrival of the Africa we have received our
private correspondence and Ales of papers from New
York to the 12th of September, and by telegram to
the 14th.

The following is the letteX of our own cOrrespori-

dent :

" WASHINGTON, Sept. 12.
~ There are more traces here than 'in any other

Northern city of the misery and distress occasioned
by the late war. The place is full of persons from the
South who come to make application for pardon, and
almost every woman one meets is clad in deep black.

It is a literal description of Washington that ' the

mourners go about the streets.' The President's
ante-rooms are crowded with ladies whose worn, thin,

white faces tell a painful history of the suffering and

wretchedness they have experienced. They wait
there day after day, going early in the morning,

and leaving only when the White House is.elosed to

visitors, and returning next day, and so continuing

she dreary round until their turn has come to see

the President. It is no fault of Mr. Johnson's that

their cases cannot be disposed of more quickly. The
rule is that all applications for pardon should come

to him through the office of the. Attorney-General ;
but many hope to prevail upon the President by
personal supplications, and hence his house is be-

sieged by Southern visitors who, a few months ago,
thought no language too hard for Mr. Johnson and

his advisers. The President of the United States is

at this moment a harder worked man than any

porter in the streets of London. I had an interview

With him on the morning of a Cabinet Council,
when the throng of applicants is excluded from the
White House, and his appearance was that of a man
who finds no rest night or day, and who is con-
sumed with anxiety and care. ' There is almost more
than one man can do,' was his.simple description of

the never-ending duties of his post. He spoke with

hope and confidence of his efforts to complete the
work of restoration in the South ; and it happened
that later in the day I had an opportunity of judg-
ing by Southern testimony how that work was

progressing.
" The amount of labour which is accomplished
every day by the President and his principaladvisers
is almost incredible. In this respect, at any rate, Ido
not think the Old World yet surpasses the New. It
must be remembered that, in addition to the severe
routine work of the office, a crowd of persons flock
all day to the chief public officials, and in America
the heads of departments must not set up barric;des
of policemen, porters, or clerks round their doors.
Thp frayed carpeting of the staircase which leads to
the President's chamber gives some idea of the
number of feet which are constantly ascending and
descending. There is a room set apart for ladies,
and thus they are partially protected from that ex-
temporized carpeting of tobacco juice which the men
are always laying and renewing for themselves in
the hall where they stand about and wait. In the
Treasury is the Attorney-General's office, also
thronged with men and women anxious to be purged
of their offences and get back to the South. When
the day's work is limited to 12 hours it must be a
sort of holyday to Attorney-General Speed. The
pardoning business, indeed, overworks all the offi-
cials, and no doubt it also causes great irritation to
many who have to dawdle about this stifling and
uncomfortable city. It arises, as you are aware, out of
the clause of the proclamation of amnesty which ex-
cepts from its benefits all persons whose incomes
exceed $20,000 a year. As that exception clause has
been misunderstood in England, as well as in some
parts of the States, an explanation of it, which you
may accept as representing the true views of the
Administration, may not be unserviceable.

" When the clause was introduced the Govern-
ment was quite aware that it would give rise to mis-
conception of its purposes at home and abroad. It
was also aware that the clause would for a time tie
up the resources of the South, check enterprise, and
delay the recovery of
.the lately seceded States from
the blow they have received. The Government did
not wish to produce any of these results ; on the con-
trary, it earnestly wished, every member of it, from
the President downwards, to bring the South back
again into the Union as early as was consistent
with safety. Its motives, then, for introducing
the clause in question must obviously have been
very pressing and cogent. They may be
briefly described. If, when the war was over,
an action was brought in the Supreme Court to test
the legality and authority of Mr. Lincoln's proclama-
tion abolisoing slavery, it is doubtful whether the
proclamation could have been sustained. Each State
has a right to make its own laws ; the President can-
not make laws touching their internal organisation.
Now, the only persons who could have brought such
an action as that I speak of were the persons pos-
sessing over $20,000 a year. It was resolved to de-
prive
the
me ofany power, here or hereafter, of re-
viving question of slavery, by requiring each one
to apply separately for pardon, and in the pardon
which they receive, a copy of which lies before me,
there are these two conditions 1. This pardon to
be of no effect until the said— shall take the oath
prescribed in the proclamation of the President dated
May 29, 1865. 2. To be void and of no effect if
the said shall hereafter, at any time, acquire
any property whatever in slaves, or make use of slave
labour.' Should, than, any planter question the
validity of the Emancipation Proclamation, and at-
tempt to revive slavery in any form, he at once
brings upon himself the pains and penalties of trea-
son. Thus individuals are secured, and States are
not admitted back into the Union until they have
passed an ordinance declaring slavery abolished
within their limits—as Mississippi has just done.
None, I suppose, will blame Mr. Johnson for taking
care that the object and end of the war on the part
of the mass of Northern people should not be jug-
gled out of their hands at the moment of victory.
" There is no difficulty in obtaining these pardons.
The system is purely one of routine, and I was as-
sured that the Attorney-General now very seldom
even reads the applications. The applicant takes
signs
s his acceptance of the
pardon is given (the two
just quoted); and the whole
tuck as the process is it takes
temho
most
sd yti
mie so
pnc r ios r
tbn ena dnd
te oaths,rlwhich
have
taiffmaeirtiso caotmanpleetendit, bQut twenty pardons, and often
a larger number, are got through every day. And
as to the States returning, they can do it just as
soon as they please, and the Government cannot
help them forward by a single hour. During my
stay here Mr. Seward kindly gave me the oppor-
tunity of meeting a large deputation of Southern
as they said, to pay
They represented all the
tgheenirtle
ee
rme se
States lately in arms as the Confederacy,' and
every man in the company—there were about
60 of them altogether—was a prominent and lead-
pnts who
to desired,him.,
lead-
ing man in'his State. Many of them belonged to
the old Whig party,' and consequently were for-
mer friends of Mr. Seward's, and they were all re-
ceived with the dry pleasantry and plain speech
which the Americans understand better than any
other form of communication. We have come,'
said the spokesman, to pay you our 'respects.'
' Well, gentlemen,' replied Mr. Seward, you will
not object to my saying that it is pretty nearly time
you did.' They all laughed, and confessed that it
was. Mr. Seward to them, ' When I told my son,
Mr. Frederick Seward, that I was about to receive a
deputation of rebels, he said that unless they came
with a very different object from that which prompted
the last rebels he saw he would rather not be pre-
sent.' The laSt rebel' thus referred to was the
man who nearly murdered Mr. Seward and his son,
and whose handiwork is still seen in Mr. Seward's
disfigured face and in his son's still feeble health.
We mean what we say, sir,' said a gentleman from
Georgia ; ' we intend to be loyal and good Union

men.' Several repeated this very emphatically, and
then they referred to the $20,000 exception clause.

The Secretary of State told them that they knew as
well as he did that it was the $20,000 men who got
up the rebellion, and who supported the war. Did
the Government ask too much whenitrequired some

proof that they were loyal now ? 'lf you want this
clause rendered harmless to you,' he continued, in
God's name, gentlemen, go home and organise your

own States—repeal your Act of Secession, and pass
an ordinance abolishing slavery—do as Mississippi

has just done, and there will be no one in all the
South more glad than I to have every one of you
back again.' Several of these gentlemen came up to
me to tell me their opinions, knowing and intending
that I should repeat them. They one and all said,
' We want to get to work again, and we cannot do

it till this clause is done away with.' But you can
get pardon easily ?" Yes, but while the Govern-

Ment think we are not sincere in our professions of

loyalty, there will be delays. We want it to under-
stand that we are sincere, and that is why we are

•
here to-night.'
" These gentlemen had an audience with Mr.
Johnson yesterday, and from the President they
heard a few home truths, but withal theywere kindly

received. He told them that it was not long ado
they were battling against the principles he held,
but that he bore nothing but good feeling towards
the whole South. And he also said, in a passage
which I quote from the reports :
" Gentlemen,—We have passed through this rebellion.
I say we,' for it was us who are responsible for it. Yes,
the -South made the issue, and I know the nature of the
Southern people well enough to know that when they have
become convinced of an error they frankly acknowledge it

in a manly, open, direct manner, and now in the perform-

ante of that duty, or, indeed, in any act they undertake to

perform, they do it heartily and frankly ; I stand to-
day, as I have ever stood, firmly in the opinion that
if a monopoly contends against this country, the monopoly
must go down, and the country must go up. Yes, the issue
was made by the South against the Government, and the
Government has triumphed; and the South, true to her

ancient instincts of frankness and manly honour, comes

forth and expresses its willingness to abide the result of
she decision in good faith, While I think that the rebellion

has been arrested and subdued, and am happy in the con-
sciousness of a duty well performed, I want not only you,
_ _

but the people of the world, to blow that while I dreaded
and feared disintegration of the States, lam equally op-

posed to consolidation or concentration of power hero,
under whatever guise or name they bear ; and if the issue
is forced upon us, I shall endeavour to pursue the same
efforts to dissuade from this doctrine of running to ex-

trenles, but I say, let the same rules be applied. Let the
Constitution be our guide. Let the preservation of that

and the union of States be our principal aim.'

" One other passage is important :
" Tha institution of slavery is gone. The former status
of the negro had to be changed, and we, as wise men, must
recognize so potent a fact and adapt ourselves to circum-
stances as they surround us. (Voices—'We are willing to
do so." Yes, sir, we are willing to do so.') I believe you
are. I believe when your faith is pledged—when your
consent has been given, as I have already said—l believe it
will be maintained in good faith, and every pledge or pro-
mise fully carried out. (Cries—' It will.) All I ask or
desire of the South or the North, the East or the West, is to
be sustained in carrying out the principles of the Constitu-

tion. It is not to be denied that we have been great
sufferers on both sides. Good men have fallen on both
sides, and much misery is being endured as the necessary
result of so gigantic a contest. Why, then, cannot we come
together, and around the common altar of our country heal
the wounds that have been made ? Deep wounds have been
inflicted. Our country has been scarred all over. Then why
cannot we approach each other upon principles which are
right in themselves, and which will be productive of good
to all ?'

" The first thing that will be urged in answer to
all this by those who still fancy they see the fire of
Secession smouldering in the South is this—' Of course
these men speak thus because they want to save
their money and estates, and when they have done
that they will go away and hate -the Government
worse than ever, and prepare secretly for another
struggle for independence.' Does anybody suppose
the Government at Washington is so blind as not to
see that there may be this scheme in view ? It does
see it fully, but in spite of it the President resolves,
if I may be allowed to quote his own words to me,
to go squarely on in the work of restoration,' as-
suming that the South mean to act in good faith. It
is a wise and noble resolution, for any other would
carry ruin and despair into every corner of the South.
The position of the Government was put even more
forcibly by Mr. Seward to some of the deputation
I have spoken of. The Southern gentlemen were
pressing upon him their intention to beloyal. '.Well,
gentlemen,' said Air. Seward, 'lmust tell you frankly

that I am not much concerned about the sincerity of
your professions. I hope you mean them as I receive
them ; you have done what you could against us,
and all I can say is that if you mean fair play I am
your man, and if you mean cheating we are not
afraid of you.' There was not a man in the crowd
who did not understand Mr. Seward perfectly when
he said this. My own impression is that many
Southern men who are loud in their professions of
loyalty are not sincere. But what is that to -the Go-
vernment ? Should it hang such men, or pardon them
and let them go ? It chooses the latter course. I hope
English people will not think that it is blameworthy
for doing so. Is the United States Government strong
enough to keep down disloyal men should measures
of repression ever be called for? That is the essence
of the whole matter, and let the results of the last
four years answer the question. Any one who sup-
poses that Mr. Johnson or his advisers are going to play
any risks in provoking a war with France on account
of Mexico, or with England on account of anything,
is foolishly mistaken. The Government can see its
way better than that. It means to keep out of mis-
chief abroad, and settle its difficulties at home. No
doubt—let it be acknowledged 20 times over—there
will be for years many in the South who would
gladly see the Government overthrown. But what
can they do? It does not matter what they say. As
to England, there will never be war between Ame-
rica and her while Mr. Seward is alive. Strange as
it may sound to some English ears, there is no man
in America who understands better the necessity and
advantages of keeping at peace with us, and who
desires more earnestly to see the entente cordiale re-
stored between the two countries, than Mr. Seward
at this moment.
" Before closing this letter I must allude to a very
serious cause of irritation which the English Go-
vernment still gives to the Government and the
people of the United States. Every week there come
tidings of whole fleets of whalers destroyed by the
Shenandoah—a British cruiser,' as the papers de-
light to impress upon the popular mind. These poor
wretches of whalers find their boats taken from
them, and all their means destroyed, months after
the war is over, and no one can lay hold of the
Shenandoah to stopher. Several of the captain's cap-
tives have told him the news of the fall of the Confe-
deracy, but he says he refuses to believe it.' Only
within the last fortnight another batch of ten or a
dozen vessels are reported to have been destroyed
by this craft, and thus the anger of the Northern
people towards England is constantly beingkept alive.
What is specially complained of is this : While Spain,
France, and other Power's have withdrawn their re-
cognition of the South as belligerents, England still,
gives ' Confederate' vessels the benefit of 21 hours'
shelter in her ports, ' so that,' as an officer of the Go-
vernment said to me, ' even if our vessels followed
the Shenandoah into any of your ports, in any part
of the world, we should not be allowed to tak her.'
I cannot exaggerate the ill feeling which this occa-
sions. If it be donein accordance with international
law (which of course is denied here), it is not the less
to be regretted that this miserable ship still stands
between the English and the American Governments.
I believe (and Ido not speak without reason) that
you would have heard no more about Alabama
claims had the Government at home withdrawn
fully its recognition of belligerent rights, instead of
keeping a 24 hours' sore running. It tends to defer
the realisation of that hope which President John-
son expressed to me, that England would shortly
understand the American Government and its ob-
jects better than it had done hitherto."