The Sun.
London, England, 1865-04-15 00:00:00

which remained with the Emperors of the East,
and believed it became independent in separating
from Rome, was enslaved. None would submit
to its yoke, and it became divided into so
many different separate churches. The reli-
gious sovereignty thus placed near the political
sovereignty is servitude. It is said, but the Church
will be free in a free State. M. Thiers considered
that this theory would lead to a spectacle of this
kind. On Sunday would be seen in every church
the Mayor in his official seat, the priest in the pulpit,
and beneath him a Commissary of Police, taking
notes. With regard to the question of the right of
the Romans M. Thiers recognised that the greater
part of the Roman population were not favourable
to the Papal Government. But a people in revolu-
tion should never be taken at their word. That
would too greatly embarrass them. The right which
M. Thiers fully concedes to the Romans is the right
of being well governed. In demanding reform they
are therefore justified. But the right of modifying
their Government or of giving themselves another
master is another thing.

" M. Emile 011ivier, replying to the speech of M.
Thiers, said that when a cause honest and believed
to be just, was powerfully attacked, it was a duty to
defend it without regarding the inequality of strength
in the contest. He fully concurredin what M. Thiers
had, with admirable talent, just remarked with regard
to the respect due to religious creeds. But the Con-
vention of September 15 was in no respect a matter
of faith ; it only raised political and free question
open to all opinions. ' The Convention,' M. 011ivier
continued, ' has two distinct effects. It defines and
consolidates Italian unity, and modifies the attitude
of the French, Italian, and Papal Governments,
by introducing a new element into a question
long since debated upon.' The hon. member ex-
amined this act under its double aspect, and then,
replying to the censures of M. Thiers, he said that
the great element of union existing in Italy was
the hatred of foreigners, which the child learnt
from its mother, and which every Italian might
perceive in the great poets of his country, and in
the annals of her history. Did not France herself
include in her strong unity Alsatians, Proven-
cians, Bretons, Languedocians, and the Gallic race'
mixed with the Teutonic The unity of Italy,'
continued the speaker, would, it is said, be an ob-
stacle to the alliance of France with Austria. But
are the destinies of France bound up with this alli-
ance? Our most illustrious Kings opposed the
power of Austria. The misfortunes of the First
Empire may have arisen with him who placed the
hand of France within that of Austria. Between
Austria and France comes the principle of nationali-
ties—Hungary and Venetia who suffer and protest.
Touching the Roman question, M. 011ivier said
that, before the Convention of September, it was
placed between Mazzini, Garibaldi, and the Uni-
tarians, demanding Rome by the right of Italy, and
the school of :Count Cavour, awaiting the com-
plicity of circumstances to go to Rome. So long
as the question remained under these conditions
any arrangement was impossible. .To Italian
necessity could be opposed Catholic necessity.
The Convention of the 15th of September, con-
tinued M. 011ivier, has replaced the sovereignty
of the Pope under the normal conditions of all other
sovereignties, in affording it all the guarantees which
it required for endurance. Will this Convention
save, or will it destroy the temporal Government of
the Pope ? Its destiny will depend upon itself. M.
Thiers acknowledges that the Roman people have
the right to ask to be well governed. Have they
the necessary liberties that the eminent orator so
earnestly claims for France ? Religion and liberty
are flames, neither of which can be extinguished.
Let them blend and there will be a new light at
which the world will rejoice. (Applause.)
"M. Rouher, Minister of State, who then rose,
said it was for the Chardber to decide whether the
debate should be continued to-day, or Whether he
should not address them until Saturday."
The Chamber agreed to the adjournment of the
debate until Saturday. The sitting terminated at
5 45 p.m.

The Kingdom of Greece.

ATHENS., April 6.

This day is the great national festival of the
Greeks, for they date the commencement of the
War of Independence from the raising of the Cross
against the Crescent on the 6th of April, 1821. A
bright sun gives Athens a joyous aspect. Everybody
wears a happy look, and I believe that the rest of
Europe cannot show a more prosperous looking po-
pulation than is now streaming out of town to wit-
ness a review of the National Guard.

The King attended a Te Deum in the Metropolitan
Church, and was received with great enthusiasm, for
the rumours of revolutionary plots which prevailed
during the last month have lendered the loyalty of
the Athenians unusually demonstrative.

The Cabinet of Mr. Koamoundouros is now com-
plete, and presents a strong front to its opponents.
The Prime Minister, who holds the Finance Depart-
ment with the Presidency of the Council, is a man
of ability and experience. He has held every port-
folio in turn, except those of War and Marine, and
he has served with every party, under King Otho,
during the interregnum, and under King George.
The Minister next in experience and influence is
Mr. Krestenites, who has held the portfolio of the
Interior, of Justice, and of Finance, under King
Otho, and who is now Minister of Justice. Three
of the Ministers enter the Cabinet for the first time.
Hadgi Anarghyros, the Minister of the Interior,
occupies at this moment the most important office in
Greece, for it is his duty to direct the conduct of the
Central Administration during the critical interval
until the general election on the 26th of May. Public
opinion gives him credit for honesty. andimpartiality.
Sir Peter Brailas, of Corfu, is Minister for Foreign
Affairs, and Mr. Lombardos, of Zante, Minister of
Religion and Public Instruction. Both are men of
ability, but in their political principles and opinions
they are as opposite as Caesar and Cato. M. Bou-
douros moves to the Marine, and Colonel Karnales
retains the War-office.

This Ministry is so heterogeneous that it will
probably do little more than keep things quiet until
the general election decides whether Greece istohave
a policy as well as a Ministry. The political statistics
of Greece are curious. Imagine England with 300
ex-Cabinet Ministers, which is about the proportion
in Greece. At the expulsion of King Otho there
were 84 ex-Ministers. The interregnum added 22
to the number, and the reign of King George has
already given the country 12 new men as Cabinet
Ministers. So that there are now about 118 ready
for service, .and of these upwards of 25 have held
the portfolio of Foreign Affairs. Greece cannot with
any justice be called a poor country, for this is surely
l'embarras des richesses, the very plague of wealth.
During the reign of King Otho a large sum of
money was placed at the disposal of the Greek
Government for the purpose of building a Museum
of Antiquities, but Otho could never make up his
mind to adopt a site, decide on a plan, or take an
interest in Greek art. Had the Government done
its duty, the museum would have been finished like
the university. Last week there was a step in
advance. The eminence which conceals Athens
from travellers who enter the city by the Pirmus
road, and through which the railway has been cut,
was selected as the site, and workmen commenced
digging the foundation. This work brought a change
in the antiquarian administration. The work was
stopped, and it was announced that the museum was
to be built at the opposite side of the town, in the
midst of the fields which extend southward from the
Palace garden. There has fortunately been another
change, and while I am writing I hear that an admi-
rable site for the museum has been found at last,
milting a central position, with ample
space for a
collection as large as that in the British Museum,
and the best approaches on every side. The ground is
now occupied by the Royal stables, which his
Majesty would willingly remove to a spot where he
can communicate through the Palace garden. Mr.
Lombardos, after all these long delays and frequent
changes, will have the honour of settling a vexed
question in a way to secure general approbation.
Athens possesses many interesting remains of an-
cient sculpture, and has the means of forming a
museum better adapted for illustrating the history
of Greek art by monuments of the highest excellence
chronologically arranged than any now in existence.