The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-10 00:00:00

SOUTHERN ACCOUN7 OF 7HE GREAT

BATTLES.

(From the Richmond Whig of Sept. 20.)

We are kindly permitted by Governor Letcher to
publish the following extracts from letters received
by him yesterday :
" Winchester, Tuesday, Sept. 16.

"After the advance of our army to Frederick,
and the issuing of the admirable proclamation 'to
the people of Maryland by Gen. Lee, a movement
took place with our troops, seemingly in the direc-
tion of Pennsylvania, but really for an important
movement into Virginia. After sending a portion
of his troops to occupy and hold the Maryland
Heights, Gen. Jackson was directed by Gen. Lee
to cross the Potomac at Williamsport, take posses-
sion of Martinsburgh, and then pass rapidly behind
Harper's Ferry, that a capture might be effected of
the garrison and stores known to be there. The
movement was admirably conducted. Martins-
burgh fell, with the capture of 150 prisoners and
some stores, the most being taken to the Ferry.
The investment of Harper's Ferry was effected on
Saturday. Sunday morning there was some firing,
and it was renewed yesterday morning, and the re-
sult the unconditional surrender of the garrison-
-10,000 men, with all the arms, 50 pieces of artil-
lery, ammunition, 100 waggons, quartermaster and
commissary stores, and many cars, some of them
laden, and 600 negroes. This important conquest
was effected without the loss of a man on our side.
So much is official. It is reported that the cavalry,
1,000 in number, escaped by Shepherdstown. It is
said the enemy were repulsed twice, with a loss of
5,000 in killed and wounded. Our loss was heavy.
Our troops fell back towards the Potomac from
reasons that can be easily conjectured. Jackson
will now recross the Potomac at Harper's Ferry,
circumvent the enemy, if he has the temerity to
follow our advanced corps, and we shall capture or
disperse the whole concern. God grant that this
conjecture may be verified. Gen. Garnett is cer-
tainly killed. His body arrived here this morning.
" F. H. SMITH."
(BY TELEGRAPH.)
" Gordonsville, Sept. 19.

" At Harper's Ferry we paroled 11,090 privates,
425 officers, took 2,000 negroes, 15,000 stand of
small arms, 40 pieces of cannon. Col. Walker's
battery took 500 horses. Our loss was three killed
and 40 wounded. The battle commenced on Sun-
day morning and opened again on Monday at day-
light. Their dead were covered in the ditches ;we
could nit tell how many. In the fight at Sharps-
burgh we took 3,000 prisoners. Gen. Garland and
Col. Strange were killed. Gen. D. H. Hill was
roughly handled, but managed to hold the enemy in
check."

THE ADVANCE INTO MARYLAND.
Narrative by a Lieutenant in General Jackson's
army :

" Frederick City, Maryland, Sept. 6.
" My dear Mother,—l am brimful of matter as
an egg of meat. Let me try to outline our progress
since my last letter—date not remembered—from
Racoon Ford,.you bearing in mind that I am in A.
P. Hill's Division, in Jackson's corps, that corps
consisting of Jackson's own Division, Ewell's and
Hill's. You will not think me egotistical for speak-
ing of this corps and of the corps of Hill's Division,
for of them I know most, and in truth their share
was, to me at least, the most memorable in the
almost incredible campaign of the last fortnight.
Crossing Racoon Ford, Jackson in front (remember
Jackson, so used, includes Hill,
Ewell, andthe
' Stonewall Division'), General Lee, without muchfew
opposition, reached Rappahannock
River,
a part of
fight. -
miles above Rappahannock Station, where a
On ,
Friday
Longstreet's troops had a sharp b
and
evening, August 22, Jackson bivouacked in Cal-
the same
springs?
pepper, opposite Warrenton . The
evening threw over two of .
d e. Saturday the
river rose and destroyed the bri g
night the two bri-
gades, was rebuilt, and that
fighting, were
harp
Ewell's
gades, after some s
ing the enemy appeared
with-
drawn. On Monday brigades.
th:lb"tnteries of Hill's Division
in heavy force, and the
put in position
infantry, and, bringing up
anda shelled their infantry.
try,
threw a storm
They retired
shell at us—we not replying.
of shot and d several thousand rounds,
e explode
a large. numbetrheof
They must
have
sheltered were we, our killed did
and in all, se batteries,
not reach 20. That evening Jackson's whole force
moved up to Jefferson, in Culpepper County, Long-

up :he bank of the river on Monday, the 25th, we
marched through Amosville, in Rappahannock
County; still ili:ther up, crossed the Rappahannock,
within 10 miles of tLe Blue Ridge ; marched across
open fields, by strange celintrY paths and comfort-
able homesteads, by a little town in Fa'iquier,
called Orleans, on and on, as if 7e would never
cease, to Salem, on the Manassas-b.2P Railread,
reaching there after midnight. Up again by day
dawn, and still on, along the Manassas Gap ,ltoad,
meeting crowds, all welcoming, cheering, stariej
with blank amazement. So all day Tuesciay,
through White Plains, Haymarket, Thoroughfare
Gap, in Bull Run Mountains, Gainesville, to Bris-
tor Station, on the Orange and Alexandria Rail-
road, making the distance from Amosville to Bristor
(between 45 and 50 miles) within the 48 hours.
We burnt up at Bristor two or three railway trains,
and moved on to Manassas Junction on Wednesday,
taking our prisoners with us. Ewell's Division
brought up the rear, fighting all the way a force
Pope had sent up from Warrenton, supposing us a
cavalry party. Upon reaching Manassas Junction
we met a brigade (the Ist New Jersey) which had
been sent from Alexandria on the same supposition.
They were fools enough to send a flag demanding
our surrender at once. Of course we scattered the
brigade, killing and wounding many, and among
them the Brigadier- General ( Taylor), who has since
died. At the Junction was a large depot of stores,
five or six pieces of artillery, two trains containing
probably 200 large cars loaded down with many
millions of quartermaster and commissary stores.
Besides these, there were very large sutlers' depots,
full of everything ; in short, there was collected
there, in the space of a square mile, an amount and
variety of property such as I had never conceived
of (I speak soberly). 'Twas a curious sight to see
our ragged and famishing men helping themselves to
every imaginable article of luxury or necessity,
whether of clothing, food, er what not. For my.
part, I got a tooth-brush, a box of candles, a quan-
tity of lobster salad, a barrel of coffee, and other
things which I forget. But I must hurry on, for I
have not time to tell the hundredth part, and the
scene utterly beggars description. A part of us
hunted that New Jersey brigade like scattered par-
tridges over the hills just to the right of the battle-
field of the 18th July, 1861, while the rest were
partly plundering, partly fighting the forces coming
on us from Warrenton, Our men had been living
on roasted corn since crossing the Rappahannock,
and we had brought no waggons, so we could carry
little away of the riches before us. But the men
could eat for one meal at least; so they were
marched up, and as much of everything eatable
served out as they could carry. To see a starving
man eating lobster salad and drinking Rhine wine,
barefooted and in tatters, was curious; the whole
thing was indescribable. Our situation was very
critical. We were between Alexandria and War-
renton—between
the hosts of M'Clellan and Pope,
with over 18,000 jaded men, for the corps had not
more than that. At nightfall fire was set to the
depot, storehouses, the loaded trains, several long
empty trains, sutlers' houses, restaurants, every-
, thing. As the magnificent conflagration began to
subside the ' Stonewall,' or first division of Jack-
son's corps, moved off towards the battle-field of
Manassas, the other two divisions to Centreville, six
miles distant. As day broke we came in sight of
Centreville, rested a few hours, and towards even-
ing the rearguard of the corps crossed Bull Run at
Stonehridge—the scene of the great slaughter of
last year—closely pursued by the enemy. A
part of the force came up the 'Warrenton turn-
pike, and in a furious action of two hours—the
last two daylight hours of Thursday, the 28th of
August—disputed the possession of a ridge running
from Sudley Church Ford to the Warrenton turn-
pike. We drove them off, and on Friday morning
we held the ridge, in front of which runs an incom-
plete railroad cut and embankment. Now we had
made a circuit from the Gap in Bull Run Mountains
around to the Junction and Centreville, breaking
up the railroad and destroying their stores, and re-
turned to within six miles of the Gap, through which
Longstreet must come. The enemy disputed his
passage and delayed him till late in the day, and
meanwhile they threw against our corps, all day
long, vast masses of troops—Sigel's, Banks's, and
Pope's own division. We got out of ammunition ;
we collected more from cartridge-boxes of fallen
friend and foe ; that gave out, and we charged with
neverfailing yell and steel. All day long they threw
their masses on us ; all day they fell back, shattered
and shrieking. When the sun went down their
dead were heaped in front of that incomplete rail-
way, and we sighed with relief, for Longstreet could
be seen coming into position on our right. The
crisis was over ; Longstreet never failed yet ; but
the sun went down so slowly. Friday.—Hill's
division took, perhaps, the most prominent part in
the fight ; on Thursday Ewell's and Jackson's,
though all were engaged on Friday. Saturday
morning—day ever memorable! for it broke the
back of the great lying nation—our corps still held
that ridge, and Longstreet formed on our right,
obtuse-angled to us, so that if they attacked, upon
forcing us back, their flank would be exposed to
Longstreet ; and if they forced him back
their flank would be exposed to us.
This arrangement was concealed from them so
far that they suspected our strength to be to our left.
Skirmishing and distant cannonading lasted till 1
p.m., when the action commenced, and soon grew
infinitely furious. But they were outgeneraled and
beaten from the start, and at half-past 4 or 5 p.m-
it was plain that they were terribly whipped. The
fight was by far the most horrible and deadly that
I have seen. Just at sunset our wings swept round
in pursuit ; Jackson swinging his left on the right
as a pivot, and Longstreet in the reverse method.
Their dead on the field were in such numbers as to
sicken even the veterans of Richmond and the
Shenandoah Valley ; they 'left 2,000 dead, rotting
clay, and almost innumerable wounded. Their dis-
cipline and night saved them from a rout. They
retreated in tolerable order to Centreville. 'Twas de •
cisive ; their whole army engaged--Onlytwo corps of
ours—and their loss, I think, ten to one 2don our side.
Starke's Louisiana Brigade and the. Brigade
of Jackson's division (their ammunition
being
u°nd. iosut
)
fought with the stones fronig it is said, was
with
know to be a fact.
seen to kill one man Lewis
Randolph,
a stone. We lost many
valuable men. was
shot early, in the breast.
i
I found him at the hospital, very dirty n dust and
blood, but in good hands.
y:hands. I took off my shirt and
an
gave it to him,
sent him on his wa rejoicing,
I ihnaßppuelln,sednutohonavFeroidnaya
clean shirt,
toward Midlidalevsibngurbathed
morning and changed my clothing. On Saturday
I had the narrowest escape yet ; two cannon balls,
within a minute of each other, passed so near me as
almost to take away my breath. Strange to tell, it
put me in the wildest spirits. On Monday our corps
moved to Ox-hill, between Chantilly and Fairfax
Court House, where, in the afternoon, we had,
under a driving thunderstorm, a smart but indeci-
sive fight with three divisions of the enemy. In it
were killed General Kearney and Stevens, valuable
officers both. Thus the corns fought six days out
Or seven, after enormous marches. On Wednesday,
the 3d inst., we marched to Drainsville; on Thurs-
day to Leesburg, where we met D. IL Hill's corps,
Ripley's division, and perhaps others. On yester-
day the army crossed the Potomac, D. H. Hill a
little earlier in the day than we, and at a different
ford. We marched till half-past 12 last night,
started to-day before day, and reached this town by
1 p.m. or earlier. It is 24 miles from Leesburgh,
and within 18 of Pennsylvania. Of the scene at the
passage of the Potomac I have not time to speak,
i nor of the battlefield of Leesburgh. Saunders,
coming on in an independent way, captured the
telegraph operator, turned him over to General

On the first of November the Exhibition will bo
at an end. 'P le immense collection which has been
prepared with so much anxious forethought, and
which has given every visitor a grander and more
com2rehensive idea of universal industry than could
possibly have been inspired by any other means,
will be bt'oken up and dispersed to the four corners
of the world. From America to China—from Ice-
land to Natal—every land which has contributed
will reclaim its treasures. It is sad to think that
such a collection should ever be dispersed, but as
the date of closing the Exhibition is now positively
fixed, there should assuredly be no delay on the
part of those who desire to gain either amusement
or instruction from a survey of its contents. The
last few days will undoubtedly be marked by the
same over-crowding which characterised the final,
week of the Exhibition in 1851. Excursion trains,
organised by all the great railway comphnes, will
bring up a host of visitors ; and so great will be the
throng that a quiet and careful inspeetie,n of the
Exhibition itself will scarcely be possible. Those
who wish really to see it, and not to be harried
along almost blindly by a crowd, should make up
their minds to—Go at once.

Go at once. We address this exhortation to all
classes alike. Let the young go at once, for their
visit will assuredly be one of those things of which
they will be glad to think and speak as the years
roll on. Let the old go at once, for such a sight
will probably never gladden their eyes again. The
neglect to visit it now will be a source of deep re-
gret hereafter. A careful examination of its con
tents would be almost an education in itself—an
education which can be given by no other means,
and another opportunity for which will certainly
not occur for several years. Its advantages are
confined to no one special class. Whether the
visitor be engaged in the more important branches
of industry, or in the production of the number-
less appliances of domestic use, either simple or
elaborate ; whether his employment be agricultural
or mechanical; whether he desires to study the
complex machinery which has given England so
much of its greatness, or to gaze upon those exqui-
site creations of art which have given to all Europe
so much of its glory; in any case, a visit to the
Exhibition will be of incalculable interest and im-
portance. No man who does net wish to fall be-
hind his neighbours in the ran of life should suffer
such an opportunity for self-instruction to pass by
unheeded.

It is not for itself alone that it is desirable that
the present Exhibition should be an admitted suc-
cess in its results. The future has also to be cared
for. The example set by the 1851 Exhibition has
during the last eleven years been fructifying and
yielding the best results. The stimulus is again
applied in 1862, and the Industrial and Art objects
collected together are universally proclaimed to be
alike worthy of the age—worthy the interval which
has elapsed. It is not that the prize medal of
honourable mention is a greater stimulus than the
reward gained by successful application of industry
or art, which renders Exhibitions so useful. It is,
that they afford all who choose to avail themselves
of it the opportunity of becoming acquainted in a
concentrated and combined form with all that is
doing, in all the varied employments of life and in
all climes. The epitome of human occupation in tha
whole world may be seen at a glance in this way,
but in no other.

Only four weeks now remain in which it will be
posible to do so. Very seriously and earnestly
therefore do we urge it upoi the clergy of all per-
suasions, upon all employers of labour, upon all in
places of power or command, to uCie their influence
and means in such a way that all may pay at least one
visit to the great International Exhibi,:ion of 1862.
The metropolis, perhaps, has never hat.,' so many
attractions for the stranger as at present. Second
indeed to the Great Exhibition, but second to that
alone, the Crystal Palace should not be left unvisfed
by any of those who throng to South Kensington.
Kindred in its origin, and almost as varied in its con-
tents, it has special attractions for the sight-seer as.
well as for the student. So far from being a rival to
the Exhibition it may be regarded as its supplement.
A host of exhibitors have already announced their
intention of transferring their stalls to Sydenham at
the end of the four weeks to which we have referred.
In a great measure the advice, Go at once, applies
to the Crystal Palace as well. The nights of Octobo
are brilliant but they are cold; and the first hard
frost will rob the gardens of much of their beauty.
To the magnificent floral display which adorns the
grounds no small portion of the steadily increasing
popularity of the Crystal Palace may fairly be attri-
buted. Every day, however, has now its special
attraction, in addition to those presented by an
almost unrivalled collection of works of industry
and art within the building, and by pleasure
grounds arranged with such taste and judgment as
to call forth the warmest praise from those who are
most competent to judge. Either Blondin takes his
marvellous journey along the rope, or Leotard flies
gracefully through the air; the great fountains,
confessedly the finest in England, are displayed;
and when the autumn evening begins to close
around the Palace, a sudden burst of light tells
the visitor that he need not hurry his departure.
Constructed on the plan, of those erected at Paris
for the Emperor's last fete, some handsome gas
candelabra have been placed in the nave ; and the
effect produced by their brilliant light, shining
through tropical foliage and filling the whole place
with a mellow lustre, is in itself a sizht well worth
seeing. There can be no doubt that all this will be
fully appreciated by the crowds who will go to Lon-
don during the next four weeks. Excursion trains
were never cheaper; and to one and all of our
readers, whether their stay be long or short—
whether they have time for careful study, or have
only a morning to devote to the Exhibition, and an
afternoon and evening to the Crystal Palace—we
would repeat our advice,—Go at once.

THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.—The daily
numbers at the Exhibition seem to show a slow but steady
rising tendency, which is likely before the closing to lead
11P to the long expected and long wished for 100,000 pc r
diem. Only 12 more shilling days now remain, so that,
now, if ever, the great crowds may be looked for. There is
still but too wide a margin between the actual numbers and
what it is said they ought to be, and unless a spell of fine
weather comes to the aid of the Commissioners, and so in-
duces a popular rush to South Kensington, the supposed
deficit may turn out to be a more serious affair than when
the estimate was made a month ago, under the pleasant
auspices of 60,000 visitors a-day. Yesterday the total
admissions rose to 47,373, of which 4,419 were season
tickets, 1,011 shilling-day tickets, and 41,943 payments at
the doors. These are by no means large numbers, but
they are at least as high as they have ever been since the
extension of time was announced, and higher by nearly
12,000 than the average of last week. More than double
these numbers, however, are required daily to make the
final settlement of accounts smooth and pleasant to all
parties, and especially to the Commissioners and the con-
tractors. What the amount of the deficit is likely to be, as
matters are now going on, none but the Commissioners
know with certainty.
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LEOTARD CAN ONLY BE SEEN AT THE
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.* For full particulars of amusements see first page.
ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN.
This Evening, DINO RAH.
Commence at 8.

THEATRE-ROYAL, DRURY-LANE.
'lbis Evening, PARENTS AND GUARDIANS. And
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NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPIII.
This Evening-, THE GREEN BUSHES. Followed by
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ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street, Hay,
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CANTERBURY HALL.—EVERY EVENING.—
Zteckel, the great Trapeze performer—Grand Operatic Selec-
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usual —Unsworth, Kugene, and Duley, the great comio
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