The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-09 00:00:00

rHE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, .N OVEMBER 9,18€ E,

Sir P. Kelly on Leal Education.

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The third session of the Articled Clerks' Society
was opened last evening at the Great Hall, King's
College, Strand. This society was formed about two
years ago for the purpose of giving articled clerks
an opportunity of improving their legal education,
and of acquiring those powers of public speaking
which are so essential to the proper discharge of
many of the duties devolving upon attorneys and
solicitors. The attendance was numerous, and the
chair was taken by Sir Fitzroy Kelly, M.P. A. con-
siderable number of honorary and ordinary mem-
bers having been admitted,
The CHAIRMAN rose, and said—As this is the
first occasion on which I have had the good fortune
to appear amongst you as a member—and, I am
proud to say, a vice-president of your society—and
as I really take the very deepest interest in all its
proceedings, and in its ultimate prosperity and suc-
cess, I think I ought to make sonie observations on
the general objects of the society, and the means by
which those objects will be most effectually attained.
You belong to a profession which I do not hesitate
to say is the greatest and most powerful in this
great and powerful country—(cheers)—and which
exercises an influence over the destinies of the nation
beyond any other class. The class of attorneys, by
common consent, are admitted to be, practically
speaking, the most powerful class in the community
in every relation in life, and in every transaction to
be found within th 3 limits of the kingdom. Just
look for a moment at the position of the attorney.
From the highest to the lowest, no one can purchase
property without him. The largest estate, fit to be
the chief residence of the highest nobleman, down
to a single acre of land, a hut, or a cottage, cannot
change owners without an attorney to negotiate or
to complete the purchase. No one can make a
family settlement, looking perhaps forward into a
distant futurity, or to nearer obligations, or decide
what it is his duty or inclination to do, or within
his power to do, without consulting and employing
an attorney. In the wide sphere of our universal
commerce the transactions of mercantile men are
conducted by themselves while all is fair and
smooth ; but directly a difficulty arises, or a
doubt, or a trouble, the merchant or trader has re-
course at once to his attorney. And in all such
cases, no matter what are the transactions involved
in this vast and populous country, the attorney
must be confidentially and intimately introduced
and trusted, and without him nothing can be done,
and on him the result depends. It is to his
integrity, judgment, and knowledge that a great
proportion of the transactions between man and man
in this country owe their propriety and legality.
(Hear, hear.) And, when we consider that all of
you are destined to become attorneysand solicitors,
that you are to be trained for that position in which,
day by day, you must be called on, in the ordinary
discharge of your duties, to have the greatest con-
fidence reposed in you, while you are receiving what
are called " instructions," but which are really only
intimations of fact, and that on the mode in which
you conduct such transactions thus introduced to
you depends your own character, your honour, and
your success in life—it is obvious that that training
should be as perfect as possible. And, again, if we
collect all this mass of individual cases into one great
aggregate, it is obvious that on you must depend
the justice, the integrity, and the legality of all the
transactions, in business and property, of this mighty
empire. What, then, are the qualifications we must
look for ? What is it that is required for these im-
portant duties to which you are to be brought up, to
which this society is but ancillary and introductory,
and whatever benefit you derive from the most use-
ful institution, " law classes for articled clerks "
(cheers)—are but means to an end. Let me say, in
a word, that it is not the perfecting of your educa-
tion, for nothing human can be perfect, but doing
your best to improve and complete your education.
(Hear.) And what ought that education to be?
Here we come to a difficult subject. Of late years
much discussion has arisen as to the mode in which
the great masses of the people are to be instructed.
I do not enter into that large subject--I do not
enter into questions as to what is best for the
highest or the lowest classes, but I come to the
middle classes, and, not generalising too much, what
are the elements of an education which would best
befit young men in your position in life, with your
prospects and your intentions, and with the great
ultimate object of fitting you for those special
duties -which attend the path of life to which
you are called ? I will not go too much into de-
tail, but I wish in the first place to get rid of a
question which has more or less entered into every
discussion as to middle-class education. At least it
has done so lately in the county I have the honour
to represent, and where we have established an ex-
cellent institution known as the " Suffolk Albert
Middle-class College." That question is, whether
in such schools, classics ought or ought not to be
introduced as part of the system of instruction. I
do not expect that the articled clerks, or even the
great body of solicitors themselves, have, or will
have, the high classical training which is given at
Oxford or Cambridge, or at the universities of Lon-
don, Edinburgh, or Dublin ; but I would advise no
young man who has a little time at his disposal—
however little—to consider his education complete
until he has acquired, at least, a sufficient know-
ledge of Latin to be able to read with facility—and
confidence that he understands what he reads—the
ordinary prose writers of antiquity. Without this
no man can ever hope to rise higher than a solicitor
or attorney in his profession ; because if it should
befal him (as it has befallen a great number of in-
dividuals, some of whom have attained great emi-
nence) to come to the bar, he will find that, without
a knowledge of Latin, he will be subject to number-
less modifications, troubles, and embarrassments
throughout his career. I would recommend all here,
whether men or boys, who are articled clerks, or in-
tend to become solicitors, or who entertain the most
shadowy hope of rising higher, to study Latin, so as
to make themselves tolerable masters of the language,
sufficient for the requirements of the position they
will have to fill. And a time will come to us all, when
we retire from the more active pursuits of life, and
seek to enjoy, in the bosom of our families, that repose,
and that comfort, and that recreation which belongs
to those who have run a successful course, and
then the value of classical learning and the power
to recur, in the morningorin the evening, orbeneath
the shade of a tree in the noontide. sun, to the
unfading writings of the immortal authors of anti-
quity, will be found an enjoyment of unspeakable
value. Next, and perhaps it is of more practical im-
portance, you should study the modern languages.
No one can go through the business of life as a so-
licitor or attorney, or even as an articled clerk, with-
out some knowledge of the modern languages. It is
only within the last three days that I was applied to
in order to recommend a solicitor to go to three con-
tinental countries in respect to a cause of great im-
portance which has lately arisen, and which will
probably become a cause celebre. It was necessary
that the solicitor required should speak French with
fluency, and beable to understand and answer letters
in that language. I have as extensive an acquaint-
anceship as most men with solicitors, and I assure
you I had to apply to no fewer than 16 individuals
before I could meet with one who could do what
was required, and after all I have not met with the
person I want. Boys at school are taught the French
grammar and to speak a little, but as to writing
letters or maintaining an argument, or persuading a
man who is not quite willing to do what you want,
or to answer objections to something you propose,
they are utterly incapable.
I do not believe there
exist at this moment 20 solicitors who could dis-
charge such a duty. I now address myself to the
young lads who are articled clerks, and I tell you all
to sit up two hours every night, deprive yourselves
of a, portion of your natural rest, throw yourselves,
whenever you have or can make opportunities,
the society of French people, with whom 0 intocan
talk, and from whom you may obtain a fluency and
a facility in speaking French, and youfind the time,
whether it be months or years, woll laid out. of
the other languages, German is the next in import-
ance, and Italian and Spanish are easily acquired
if you have a good knowledge of Latin. I now
pass on to two other subjects, geography and his-
tory, which are indispensable. I once remember
blushing--although not much given to blushing—

(a laugh)—for a man at the bar, who, in some
questions as to the old statutes, made Edward
111. come before Henry 111. ; and I would recom-
mend you to study history chronologically. Style
is of less importance ; but you will do well to mark
the style of such writers as Swift, Clarendon, Addi-
son, and Johnson, and to come to our own time of
Erskine, Brougham, and Macaulay. And as to
geography, you ought to know where all the principal
ports are situated and the commodities usually
shipped at them without wasting time to look any
particular place up in gazetteers or elsewhere. And
then, to complete your education, you should be
good mathematicians, which means also good ac-
countants ; and you ought all to be good English
scholars. Ido not say for the purpose of making
speeches. It may be the fortune of some of you to
be members of the Legislature ; but this is certain,
that if you become attorneys, and have to make out
briefs, you should be able to express yourselves in
good, clear, concise English. To do that you must
first of all be master of the grammar and the syno-
nymes, and then read the best authors. By writing
out a page at a time of writers like Addison or Mac-
aulay, their words will become familiar to you, and
the collocation of words in sentences will become
almost habitual, so that you will insensibly become
good writers and perhaps great orators. This is not
to be done without dedicating your days and your
nights to study, giving up many pleasures, and sac-
rificing now and then an entire vacation. In con-
clusion, let me remind you of what is within the
knowledge of us all. I have spoken of the high
positions to which some have risen, but it must be
that the greater number will remain solicitors and
attorneys; but if you follow my advice, none of you
can fail to realise a moderate degree of indepen-
dence--that is to say, comfort for yourselves, and
peace, contentment, and prosperity to your families.
It may be the fortune of some I address to rise
higher, and I will put before you the example of
Sergeant Wilde. He commenced his career as a
simple clerk, then he became an articled
clerk, and eventually a solicitor. He did
his work so well that he was advised to become
a barrister, which he did. He then gained the
coif, and became successively Sergeant, Queen's
Sergeant, Solicitor-General, Attorney-General, and
Lord Chief Justice of Common Pleas, and after he
had held that office with great ability and dignity,
he then, with the approval of the whole country,
became Lord High Chancellor—the highest digni-
tary of the law in this kingdom. (Cheers.) And yet
he had many disadvantages. He not only laboured
under physical disadvantages, but he met with an
accident which threw a great cloud over his name
and reputation; but the honour and integrity of his
character, and his great and splendid abilities, bore
him up aloft—he passed through the cloud into the
sunshine of perfect prosperity. (Cheers.) Try to
follow his example—practise his perseverance, imi-
tate his integrity and honour, and you may, if you
do not reach so high, attain the respect and admi-
ration of your countrymen. (Cheers.)

A discussion on " Circumstantial Evidence" fol-
lowed, and at its close a vote of thanks to the chair-
man terminated the proceedings.

The Earl of Hardwicke and Mr. F. S. Powell,
M.P., on Art and Architecture.

The seventh anniversary of the Cambridge and
Cambridgeshire School of Art was celebrated at the
Guildhall, Cambridge, on Tuesday evening last, by
a soiree, whereat the prizes and medals obtained by
the variouspupils during the past year were distributed
by the Countess of Hardwicke. The Earl of Hard-
wicke presided. Her ladyship. was conducted to the
platform by the Rev. the Master of Trinity College
(Dr. Whewell), and there were present, in addition,
Mr. F. S. Powell, M.P., the Rev. the Master of St.
John's (Dr. Bateson), the Yen. Archdeacon Emery,
the Rev. Canon Carus, and a number of other
members of the university. The body of the large
room was well filled by an audience composed of all
classes. In another room the subject that had ob-
tained the prizes, with a large collection of other
cbje-As of interest, were exhibited. Amongst the
objects that attracted more than usual attention
was asollection of beautifully preserved caterpil-
lars, and other objects of natural history, contri-
buted by Mr. Baker, naturalist, of Cambridge.
The caterpillars, both in regard to position, colour,
and permanency, are preserved in a way known
only to the exhibitor, and similar specimens have
excited the curiosity and attention of naturalist
Ea vans in all parts of England and the Continent.
It should be mentioned that the soiree was a joint
one between the School of Art and the Architec-
tural Society.

The Rev. W. FAWCETT, one of the hon.
secretaries, having read the report, which was of a
most congratulatory character,

The Earl of lIARDWICKE, after some introductory
observations, said he presumed that on that occasion
he was about to address the parents and friends of
the pupils, and also sonic of the pupils themselves
and it would probably find a place in the minds of
many of them, as it had occurred to him, that in
' addressing them on art, on science, or on education
in reference to art, on the spot where art, science,
and education predominated, he should place him-
self in such a position as to be liable to severe criti-
cism, and would come off, as all men in his position
must do, second best. They had had the advan-
tage of supporting that excellent institution many
years, and in the course of the time the advan-
tages they had derived had been squared and
cubed, and double cubed. During that period
they had presidents of various character and
abilities, and various conditions in life. They could
not expect to have on every occasion the most
illustrious in the land, the Prince of Wales, to pre-
side over them, or the noble President of the Coun-
cil, who presided over the peculiar institutions of the
country under which that school was formed. They
could not always expect the most eminent mathema-
tician in the land—that bright star in the firmament
of Cambridge—so the presidency must naturally oc-
casionally fall to such humble individuals as he who
then stood before them. They would be prepared to
receive a greater or less amount of scientific instruc-
tion, and would be satisfied to overlook any defi-
ciencies—while they praised the great and illustrious
in rank or science—to overlook the shortcomings of
those who, like himself, were willing but humble.
Art was not the especial vocation of a seaman, but
though that class might not stand high in their esteem
as great promoters or lovers of the fine arts, they were
little acquainted with the characteristics of the service
if they were not aware that there were few classes
of men who knew and valued more the importance of
art than seamen. Graphic illustrations of the most
important discoveries and the most dangerous and
interesting incidents of marl time life were continua y
brought home by seamen themselves; and as one proof
he need only refer to the valuable drawings of an
offi-
cer lately returned from the northern seas. They
might believe him that the seaman highly valued the
capability of conveying to his fellow-countrymen at
home the representation of what he had seen in foreign'
countries. Whoever had seen the drawings of the
officer he had alluded to, would see not only the value
of the acquisition, but also the value attached to it in
the artist's mind. Therefore, they might feel assured
that he, in presenting himself before them, though
he did not know enough of the subject to enable him
to properly descant upon it as he could wish, highly
appreciated it. The school they were now called
on to support was one of great value in the edu-
cation of the people. Anything that would gain the
attention of the mind and draw it from the ordinary
pursuits of life, whether for the purpose of recrea-
tion or profit, was highly valuable ; and one of the
most important movements in this country was that
which encouraged the establishment of those insti-
tutions which tended to beautify the mind and civi-
lise the subject, tended to harmony among the people,
to instruct them, and to render them easily governed.
All this tended to the amelioration of the laws; and
the nearer approach to that desideratum, in the
minds of all right-thinking men, was the making the
laws of governance the mildest. These institutions
tended more than anything else to the profitable
and rational amusement of the people, the improve-
ment of the laws, the increase of the pleasure of the
people, and to that point which all strove to attain
i --a share in the government of the country. The
subjects of painting and drawing might to many

pupils be a source of profit, while others might only
study them for the pleasure they afforded ; so that
they might be looked at from two different points.
One class, then, would have no object but the crea-
tion of a pleasurable emotion ; but this was highly
valuable and important, as he felt sure there was not
a person in that room who, as a parent, did not feel
that it was highly important to their sons that they
should have something in their minds which should
destroy the tendency to indulge in idle hours. Music
and painting no doubt offered the greatest obstacles
to that idle tendency, and where youths took to
those arts, they might depend upon it that they
would become not only more refined in their minds,
but more virtuous in their conduct,from the fact that
they had resources that others lacked to fill up
their time, and so were not tempted to viciously
use it. (Applause.) Their minds were softened
by such pursuits, which led them to a study of
nature, and so on to a due appreciation of God's
works—(loud applause)—they were led on step by
step to a higher consideration and appreciation, and
thus to the exercise of those virtues which were
most essential to happiness in this world and that to
come hereafter. (Loud applause. With regard to
females he could not employ the same language.
They had naturally more resources than man for the
passing what would otherwise be idle time, the chief
of them, whether employed for pleasure or profit,
being the needle. Thus, though art would lead them
to the same appreciation of the works of nature as
the male, it was not so valuable as an essential part
of education to the girl as to the boy, where it was
to be practised merely as an amusement ; though he
knew by experience the value of the arts when cul-
vated for amusement alone, the great sustentation
of virtue of conduct they afforded, and the great ap-
preciation of the works of the Almighty that they
led to. But when they turned to another class—
those who relied upon art for a living—it came home
to all. He had heard the congratulatory tidings
that there was an opening for all who studied art
with a view to recuperation. In portrait and land-
scape painting none but those possessed of great
genius could do what would bring back a respect-
able living ; but in the lower grades of art, in what
might be called mechanical art, which was highly
interesting, and also highly remunerative, there was
a great want of hands. In the colouring of that
beautiful fabric, china, for instance, there was
great room for labourers at a probably high amount
of wages. It was a most beautiful study ; and,
as an illustration of its value, he might point
to the fact that he had seen vases, specimens
of ancient art, hardly larger than the water
carafe before him, bought at 800 to 1,000
guineas. Labourers were wanting in that field, and
were not at present to be found. Somewhere there
must be genius and application, and for these and
attention in that walk, there was an opening. Again,
turning to the walls of that room, he would observe
that at the present day there was no one to compare
with Sir James Thornhill or Rubens in the art of
painting on the flat, or the ceiling, though he ob-
served on a second glance that the artist had ren-
dered it unnecessary there, for he had plastically
decorated the ceiling. This painting on the flat was
at present hardly understood ; at any rate not suf-
ficiently practised in England, and there was a great
opening in that direction. If they wanted to see
one of Sir James Thornhill's best works, they would
find a specimen in the chapel at Wimpole House—a
specimen that would be freely open to their inspec-
tion ; they would there see -what art could do on
the flat. He had no doubt great progress would be
made by reason of these schools ; that they would
produce men and women able to grasp and master
subjects, such as Angelica Kaufman, and others—.
others who had by genius and application made
their names familiar to this generation—had dealt
with. He would not trespass more upon what, to
him, was so delicate a subject—one on which he had
already gone further than he intended ; but they
would at once proceed to the distribution of prizes
by Lady Hardwicke, assisted by himself. (Ap-
plause.)

The recipients of medals and prizes then passed
across the platform, their honorarium being handed
to each, accompanied by a few pleasant and con-
gratulatory words by the Countess of Hardwicke.
The Yen. Archdeacon EMERY congratulated the
meeting on the fact that the establishment of another
branch—one at Wisbeach—had been solicited by
the inhabitants there during the past week, so that
Cambridge might, if it pleased, become a very wide
centre of art. The Yen. Archdeacon eloquently
advocated the adoption of the proposition of
Earl Granville, that a professorship of modern art
should be established in the university. He would
not detain them further, because he had no doubt
they were anxious to hear Mr. Powell, who had
kindly announced his intention to favour them with
an address.

Mr. F. S. POWELL, M.P., then proceeded to de-
liver an address on " Truth the Foundation of Art."
He was loudly applauded on his rising, and indeed
throughout, but more particularly when he referred
to the vandalism of so-called " restorers" of ancient
architecture in our churches. He said—The accu-
racy of the proposition thus laid down will be suffi-
ciently proved by reminding you that the design
and intention of art is representation, not deception.
The artist who brings before the spectators a brave
soldier, a stout sailor, a gifted senator, or the scenes
in which they acquired fame, does not attempt to
create a belief that his breathing brass and living
marble are men, or that the scenes are again acted
in our midst—his brass and marble remain brass
and marble still--quick as be the emotions they
excite, lively as be the conceptions which they create.
He has within his own mind a truth which he de-
sires to communicate, and to adopt truthful means
as the channel by which the information is given.
It is in communing with nature that this truth is to
be learnt. Doubtless technical knowledge must be
acquired in the school, skill in manipulation, theories
of perspective, power of arrangement and of group-
ing. But it is on the lonely mountain, on the glacier
pass, in the slumbering woodland, by the rushing
stream, in the market-place, on the village green
that the highest lessons are conveyed. It is thus
that the great American School Of Art is receiving
development. Witness those wondrous pictures of
South American and Arctic scenery ; witness the
statues which have amazed and delighted Europe.
It is thus that Rosa Bonheur has, attained her ex-
cellence in representing scenes of animal life. The
great dispute between the Pre-Raphaelite brethren
and their fellow artists may be partially closed by
assertion of the principle that there is no question
whether truth should be followed, but that the point
in debate is the measure and quantity of truth which
the picture should contain—whether such details
should be added as may satisfy the patient and
accurate observer, or whether the artist should rest
content when he has communicated his lesson to the
crowd. It is not safe to assert that his canvas ought
to be so occupied as not to disappoint the diligent,
while he abstains from such accessories as hide and
conceal his meaning from the casual passenger.
Each genuine artist in the spirit of truth tells out
truth according to his opportunities and the enlight-
enment of his age. What one man has executed in
obedience to the genius of his century another living
in a later generation, actuated by other influences,
cannot reproduce. Take as an illustration familiar
such examples—a laughing satyr ; Hercules in his
massive might; Mercury, strong of limb, ready to
speed forth in fleet career at the behests of his gods;
or, coining to a later period, a mediaeval knight, and
a king in barbarous splendour. Endeavouring to
reproduce such works as these, the artist is lost in
hopeless failure. Compare the best cast with the
marble. What a lifeless reproduction, though accu-
rate in each detail ! Compare an old block print
with a modern fac-simile. What a loss of quaint
force and stirring vitality in your mechanical copy !
The old artist tells you truth as he best knew truth;
the modern workman repeats to you as accurately as
he may that which appeared truth to the man of an-
cient days, but which to his mind is no truth at all, but
a departure from truth and falling off from faithful
representation. Borrow a lesson from architecture,
how each age infused with its own proper Bpi/it its
own proper architecture. The strong Roman archi-
tecture of Italy, the more graceful Roman buildings
of the provinces, the Romanesque ; the fortified
churches which are embodiments of the spirit be-
longing to those who, priest and knight, at once
practised and sheltered religion during rude and in-

secure days; the Gothic developments ; then, as the
world became luxurious, and the history of Europe
a melancholy alternation between the wars of reli-
gion and bloodshed arising from intrigues of flat-
terers and corruption of courtiers, the false and
meretricious and tricky Renaissance accurately cor-
responded with the spirit of the time ; lastly, when
France recovered her force and spirit and solidity
under the first Napoleon, there was an endeavour
to return to the vigorous structures of old Rome in
such buildings as the Madeleine and the Pantheon
at Paris. At home there was a similar coincidence.
The respectable brick of Queen Anne told of a prime
age. The tasteless deformities of the Georgian era
reflected the spirit of a nation engaged in a struggle
for national life. Observe the influence of new
discoveries on the progress of art. How powerful
was the interest excited when the tombs of Egypt
were explored ; kings passed in procession; captives
were borne in triumph ; old Egypt revealed to a new
age. Faint and feeble efforts were made to borrow
the style ; those efforts failed because there was no
response in the spirit of the 19th century to the
spirit of Egyptian kings. how powerful the inte-
rest when Athens was made known by prints and
by books. One temple was seized by capitalists,
and transformed into a bank ; the Temple of the
Winds became, by a less violent adaptation, a sum-
mer house ;
_a third was elevated to the ambiguous
dignity belonging to a parish vestry ; but they
passed away. The informing spirit was absent ;
the forms fell into disuse. But we have one style
born in these northern climes, diverse in diverse
times ; different amid different people ;. still ever
the same, at home on the Rhine as on the Rhone,
on the Danube as on the Thames ; most correct
when most irregular ; most instinct with its own
true spirit when least rigid, and most readily lend-
ing itself to the necessities of site and the ca-
prices of the builder. Need I say that reference is
made to the Gothic style ? It is as old as England's
palmiest days, younger than the buildings not yet
risen from the ground. It is the servant of Leeds
when an infirmary is demanded ; of Preston, in the
new town-hall ; of utilitarian Manchester, when a
noble assize court springs up, under the accomplished
hand of the Gothic architect, Mr. Waterhouse. It
lives and grows because lending itself to each age.
Truth must be also sought in the use of material.
We may descend into the mine, carry the produc-
tions thereof to the furnace, and by fusion produce
the most rich and varied colours at command. But
our work is then done ; our iron must show itself as
iron, whether in the stout pillar, in the delicate
foliage, or the classic shield. Our gilding must
show itself as gilding, not as solid gold ; our mosaic
will remain mosaic, and not affect the manner be-
longing to the pencil. Again, we must adopt truth
in our manufacture. In a mechanical age wo should
avail ourselves of mechanical processes, and not
emulate the irregular forms and dull colour of Vene-
tian glass, but produce perfect forms, and metal as
lustrous and transparent as our chemical skill can
devise. Nor must we forget truth in construction.
It is a safe canon that the decorative must not ap-
pear constructive, but that the constructive may aid
in decoration. Lastly, there is another form of
truth, viz., historical truth. It is chiefly in the re-
storation of ancient buildings that this principle
finds application. A Gothic cathedral, built in suc-
cessive ages, bears in the stonework a record of the
spirit which animated society during centuries. To
destroy any portion of this masonry under the
impression that you are restoring the early fabric,
is to destroy the record, and cause your building
to depart from original truth and to become a false-
hood. I will illustrate my remarks by the cathedral
of Sens, in France, which I had the fortune,
or I might say rather the misfortune, to visit in the
course of the late autumn. The building has rare
interest to Englishmen. Father S. Thomas a Beckett
fled there for refuge : there memorials of him in the
form of vestments are preserved. Thence came a
Frenchman " William of Sens," to rebuild Canter-
bury cathedral after the fire of 1174: thence his
successor as master mason of Canterbury followed,
viz., an Englishman named William of Sens. The
two cathedrals of Canterbury and Sens carry in
style memorials of this interesting association of
workmen. During the present year chapels open-
ing out on the aisles of the nave, occupying the
spaces between the buttresses of the aisles, and un-
doubted twelfth century work, have been ruthlessly
destroyed, although sound and safe, in order to
erect what an architect in the 19th century imagines
that an architect in the 12th century ought to have
built. He knows not what his predecessor actually
did ; he produces that which he conjectures he ought
have done. He changes the building from a truth-
ful history of the past into a mere pretence, a delu-
sion. To complete his work he must destroy the
towers ; remove the roof ; demolish the clerestory ;
and when he at last rests he will have blotted out
truth and converted his building into a lie. The
old record is departed ; the true past has perished ;
his new building affects to be what a 19th century
building can never become—viz., a work executed
during the twelfth. In contrast with the cathedral
is the town-hall, the exterior of which, after cen-
turies of insult and ravage, is piously restored, each
detail carefully filled in where former work was cut
away, carefully preserved where the old had sur-
vived. Thus the next age will receive from the present
not the ancient structure in the form which the 19th
century by crude conjecture and rash guess im-
pc sed upon it, but the very building of the 13th cen-
tury. In conclusion, I have but to remark that as
truth leads to successes and triumphs in the rela-
tions of citizens, in the intercourse of nations, in
commercial theories, in the researches of science, so
in art we follow the same guidance, and know that
in the pursuit of truth we best attain excellence
and most closely approximate to perfection in
cultivation of the art which we love.

At the conclusion of Mr. Powell's address, a pro-
gramme of vocal and instrumental music was gone
through, and after a complimentary vote of thanks
to the president and Lady Ifardwicke, acknowledged
by the noble earl, the company dispersed, after duly
honouring the National Anthem.

MADAME TIISSAUD'S.—Life-size portrait models
of the most distinguished personages are being constantly
added to Madame Tussaud's popular historical gallery in
Baker-street, and amongst tho latest we would call special
attention to those of the late Lord Palmerston, President
Johnson, and General Grant. Her Royal Highness the
Princess of Wales honoured the exhibition lately with a
visit, as did also th 9 Crown Prince of Prussia.

LITTLE-PEOPLE.—In the days of Sir Hans Sloane
there was exhibited at the Mitre and Rummer at
Charing-cross, "a little wildonan, aged 27, and 34in. high.''
And at a coffeehouse in Charing-cross (a famous place for
exhibitions was Charing-cross in those days), a little man,
50 years old, 2ft. 9in. high, and the father of eight children ;
when he sleeps ho puts his head between his feet, to rest on
by way of a pillow, and his great toes in each ear, which
posture ho shows to the general satisfaction of all the spec-
tators. The Liege people boast of an old woman, who
died about a century ago, at the ago of 100, and with the
altitude of 32in. Mary Jane, of the same height, died at
Wem, in Shropshire, 90 years ago ; but the poor thing was
deformed and lame. An advertisement in the time of William
and Mary tells of a German woman, "at the brandy-shops,
over against the Eagle and Child, in Stocks' Market'
(where the Mansion House now stands), "the dwarf of the
world, being but two feet seven in height, and the mother
of two children." This was also the height of "a man of
the least stature that has been seen in the memory of man,"
at the Plume of Feathers in the same locality. One exhi-
bition was of "a little Scotchman, but two feet and six
inches high, near upon sixty years old ; ho sings and dances
with his son ; ho formerly kept a writing-school, and dis-
courses of the Scriptures and of many eminent histories
very wisely"—a pedagogue in a nutshell. The "Journal
de Medecine" notices a man twenty-eight inches high. Mr.
Simon Paap, a Dutch dwarf, who attracted a good deal of
attention in London fifty years ago, was about as many
inches in height as he was pounds in weight and years in
age—twenty-eight. In Queen Anne's time there was "a
little fairy woman, come from Italy, being but two foot two
inches high." There is a record of one Hannah Bounce,
who, although only twenty-five inches high, gave birth to
a child.—Dickens's "All the Year Round."

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way's medicines should be in the possession of all soldiers,
sailors, and emigrants, who will then be in a position to
ease pain and cure disease when medical assistance cannot
be obtained.

City Sewers Commiss'on.

On Tuesday the Commissioners of Sewers of the
City of London met in the. Sewers Court-room, at
the Guildhall, for the despatch of public business.
The chairman of the Commission, Mr. Deputy De
Jersey, presided, and amongst those present were
Deputy Cork, Deputy Bower, Deputy Bone, De-
puty White, Deputy Perkins, Deputy Obbard,
Messrs. George Walter, B. Spitsbury, H. Nind, R.
J. Chaplin, J. Thomas, 11. L. Taylor, IL A. Israel,
S. Straker, &c.
At the commencement of the proceedings,

Mr. R. J. CHAPLIN drew the attention of the
members to the loss which they had sustained by
reason of the death of Mr. Deputy Lorking, who,
he said, had been:connected with the Corporation
as a member of the Court of Common Council and
of the Court of Sewers for nearly half a century.
During that long period he had always given his
best energies to the interests of the Corporation
and the citizens generally, and he (Mr. Chaplin)
asked the members to agree to a resolution of con-
dolence with the family of the deceased gentleman
in the loss they had sustained.

Deputy PERKINS seconded the motion.
The CHAIRMAN, as a colleague of the late deputy
in the Court of Common Council, speaking from
an association with him during the last quarter of a
century, bore testimony to the attention and zeal
with which he had attended to his duties as a mem-
ber of the Corporation. _

The motion was agreed to, and was ordered to
be communicated to the family of the deceased
gentleman by Mr. Daw, the principal clerk.
Mr. Deputy BONE called attention to what he
considered a public nuisance, which arose from the
posting of bills on the hoardings erected in front of
premises in the City which were in course of erection.
It seemed to him that obstruction was caused both
by the bill-stickers and by persons stopping to read
the placards, and he considered that wherever a
license for a hoarding was granted a condition
should be imposed necessitating the removal of the
placards.
The CHAIRMAN observed that it would be a ques-
tion for future consideration whether or not the
commissioners had the power to put any restriction
upon the builders to whom they granted licenses to
put up the hoardings.
Ultimately it was referred to the General Pur-
poses Committee to consider the powers of the com-
missioners, and to report thereon to the court.
The question of the removal of the parish church
of St. Benet, Gracechurch-street, was brought under
the notice of the Court by Mr. SAMUEL STRAKER,
who thought that the inhabitants ought to be in-
formed what the present position of affairs was with
respect to the improvement.

The CHAIRMAN said that this subject had been
for a considerable time under the consideration of
one of the committees of the court, who had given
it their serious attention. Notwithstanding re-
peated negotiations they had been unable to come
to any reasonable arrangement with the Ecclesiasti-
cal Commissioners, and he trusted that the paro-
chial authorities would do all they could to bring
about a satisfactory result. (Hear.)
The matter then dropped.
A report was read from the Improvement Com-
mittee upon the subject of the proposed widening of
Great Wirichester-street. They stated that new
lines of frontage had been arranged, by which vari-
ous show posts now projecting into the street were
to be set back, and tho angles of the buildings at the
corner of the street were to be rounded off, without
expense to the Commission. They also stated that,
as any further improvement would involve a very
large outlay of the public money, they recommended
the Court to take no further steps in the matter.
Mr. SAUNDERS strongly urged tho Court to em-
brace the present opportunity of carrying out the
improvement.
The report was agreed to.
THE CATTLE PLAGUE.

The Principal Clerk laid before the Court an
anonymous communication which had been sent to
him by the Lord Mayor, by whom •it had been re-
ceived. It was signed " Humanity," and addressed
from Blairgowrie, and it stated that large quantities
of diseased meat were being daily forwarded, per
railway, from the counties of Forfar and Perth, for
disposal in the London market, and the writer asked
the attention of the authorities in London to the
subject, in order that steps might be taken to in-
tercept it.

Inspector WYLDE stated that recently he had
seized a large quantity of diseased meat which had
been sent from Scotland, and the inspectors appointed.
by Government had sent a communication to Lon-
don, so that the inspectors here might see it on its
arrival.

In answer to questions, it was stated that the
whole of the cowsheds in the western district were
in a healthy condition, and as regarded the eastern
district of the City, Inspector Newman said the dis-
ease had broken out in two of the cowhouses, and in
one of them 17 cows had died.

Mr. IsßAELinquired whether any efforts had been
made to cure the diseased animals.

The Inspector said there had. In one:ca.se the ani-
mal had been kept one day over the time, but even-
tually it died.

Mr. ISRAEL said he saw by one of the newspapers
as many as from 50 to 80 per cent. of the diseased
animals had been cured, and it seemed to him very
strange that a cure could not be effected in London.

The subject then dropped.
Dr. LETHEBY reported that the slaughter-houses
and markets of the city had been duly inspected
during the week, and the officers had seized and con-
demned 3,8861 b. of meat as unfit for human food.
It consisted of 8 sheep, 7 pigs, 35 quarters of beef,
and two joints of meat. He further directed the at-
tention of the court to the fact that on Thursday
last, the inspector seized six quarters of beef in
a very diseased condition in Newgate-market ; and
on its being condemned by Mr. Alderman Abbiss,
he directed that the facts should be reported to the
Commissioners, with a view to legal proceedings
being taken. In one of the cases the meat was sent
to the market by a person who had already been
committed for trial for a similar offence, and he
(Dr. Letheby) thought the facts were of sufficient
importance to deserve further inquiry.
The Court acquiesced in the views of the medical
officer, and referred the matter to the _solicitor to
consider what steps should be taken.