The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-28 00:00:00

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'E FRRNOH

'RS.

PRICE .4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

sity of removing from the national territory a
foreign functionary who decidedly came to favour
the chief fosterers of a rebellion against the lawful
authorities of the republic. The Government then
used a right which all nations possess and exercise,
and which Spain has repeatedly put iu practice,
but declaring at the same time that that determina-
tion in no wise affected the good relations which
were then existing, and which the Government
desired to preserve, with the Spanish nation.
"Neither can the violence committed against
Spanish subjects be offered in refutation of the in-
tention to maintain the best harmony with the Go-
vernmbnt, because those violences have been not only
the inevitable consequences of the social revolution
which the nation commenced and prosecuted in
order to extirpate abuses which had been the per-
petual cause of its misfortunes, but consequences
which both foreigners and natives have suffered
without any distinction of their respective nation-
allies. And if a greater share of those misfor-
tunes has fallen upon Spanish subjects, has
it not arisen from the fact that the num-
ber of those residents is greater than that of thoie
of any other nationality ? Could not this have arisen
from the fact that the Spaniards, more than any
other foreigners, have taken and still take part in
our dissensions, in which many of them have shown
a ferocious and sanguinary character ?
"Nevertheless, the different Administrations
which have succeeded each other have always
listened, to thesornplaints of the Spanish Legation,
and have favourably received those which appeared
to be supported by some principle of justice.
" Long before the recognition of our indepen-
dence the Mexican Congress nationalised the debt
contracted by the Spanish Government, although
a large part of it had been employed in combating
that very independence, and a no less considerable
share had been intended for European obligations
of the Spanish monarch.

" Subsequently the character of agreement was
given to the settlement of the Spanish claims ; but,
it coming to light afterwards that some of the
Spanish subjects interested in them, abusing the
good intentions of the Government of the Republic,
had introduced a great number of credits which
evidently had not the qualities required by the
agreement, the Mexican Government has earnestly
endeavoured to correct these operations by reducing
them within just and equitable bounds.
" For the rest, the Government has been and still
is disposed to satisfy all just claims, as far as the
national resources will permit—a fact well known
to the Power which now invades us. All nations,
and more especially Spain, have passed through
times of penury and want, and almost all have had
creditors who have waited for better times in which
to secure themselves. From Mexico alone are sac-
rifices beyond her strength required.

" If the Spanish nation cloak other designs an-
der the financial question, and with the pretext of
groundless insults, her intentions shall soon be
known. But the Government, which must prepare
the country for any event, proclaims, as the basis of
its policy, that it does not declare war, but will
repel force by force as far as its means will permit;
that it is disposed to satisfy the claims against it
founded on equity and justice, but without accept-
ing conditions which cannot be admitted without
offending the dignity of the nation or compromising
its independence.
" Mexicans, if such upright intentions be despised
—if it be intended to humiliate Mexico, to dismem-
ber her territory, to interfere in her internal policy
and government, or perhaps extinguish her nation-
ality, I appeal to your patriotism, and urge you
that, laying aside the hatreds and enmities to which
the diversity of our opinions has given rise, and
sacrificing your properties and your blood, you rally
united around the Government and in defence of a
cause the greatest and most sacred among men—
the defence of our country.

" Exaggerated and sinister reports from the
littemica'.4,-Mexiea,kave preset ted us before the
world as uncivilised and degradeu.
" Let us defend ourselves in the war to which we
are provoked, observing strictly the laws and usages
established for the sake of humanity. Let the de-
fenceless enemy live in peace and security under
the protection of our laws. Then shall we repel
the calumnies of our enemies, and prove ourselves
worthy of the liberty and independence bequeathed
us by our fathers. " BENITO JUAREZ.
" Mexico, Dec. 11, 1861."

EMPEROR.
lONDAY, 1 O'CLGCK.

Jers were opened to day by
the Emperor in person, who delivered the follow-
ing speech:—

Gentlemen Senators,
Gentlemen Deputies,
The year which has just passed away has,not with-
standing certain misgivings, seen peace consoli-
dated. All the rumours designedly propagated, re-
specting imaginary pretensions, have disappeared of
themselves before the, simple reality of facts.
My relations with foreign powers give me the
most entire satisfaction, and the visits of several
sovereigns have contributed again to draw closer
our bonds of friendship. The King of Prussia, in
coming to France, has been able to judge for himself
of our desire to unite ourselves still more to a Go-
vernment and a people who march on with a calm
and firm step towards progress.
I have recognised the Kingdom of Italy with the
firm intention of contributing by sympathetic and
disinterested counsels to conciliate two causes the
antagonism of which everywhere troubles men's
mind and consciences.
The civil war which desolates America has come
to compromise gravely our commercial o(crests.
However, as long as the rights of neutrals sfiall be
respected, we must confine ourselves to wishes that
these dissensions may speedily cease.
Oar establishment in Cochin China has been
consolidated by the valour of our soldiers and
sailors. The Spaniards associated in our- enter-
prize will find, I trust, in those countries, the
reward of their courageous assistance. The Anna-
mites feebly resist our dominions; and we should
not be in conflict with anyone, if in Mexico the
conduct of an unscrupulous Government had._,.
not obliged us to unite with Spain and
England to protect our compatriots, and repress
attempts against humanity and the law of nations.
Nothing can arise out of this conflict of a nation
to diminish confidence in the future. Free from
exterior pre-occupations I have more specially
directed my attention to the state of our finances.
A candid exposition has made you acquainted with
their real condition. I shall only say a few words
on this subject. The public has been startled at the
amount of 963,000,000 f. which the floating debt
has reached ; but this debt, its further progress
being arrested, has in it nothing to alarm, for it
had already reached this amount before 1848, at a
time when the revenues of France were far from
approaching to what they are now. Besides,
if we subtract from this amount, first, the
652,000,000 f., which were incurred at an epoch
anterior to the Empire ; then the 78,000,000 f.
repaid to the fundholders at the period of the con-
version ; and finally, the 233,000,000 f. of uncovered
outlay in the last two financial statements, caused
by distant expeditions, and which it would have
been possible to cover by a loan, it will be seen
that since the establishment of the Empire—thankq,
it is true, to the excessive consolidations effected—
' the deficits have not increased in proportion to the
necessities which it was imperative to provide for,
and the advantages obtained during the last ten
years.

In truth, gentlemen, it would be unjust to for-
get the increase of expenditure demanded by pay-
ment of the annual interest of debts contracted for
two wars which have not been without glory.
The 622 millions applied by the Treasury to the
great works of public utility, independently of the
three milliards devoted by the companies to the
completion of 6,553 kilometres of railway, the exe-
cution of the Telegraphic Act, the ameliora-
tion of the condition of nearly all the servants
of the State, the augmentation of the well-
being of the soldier, the effective of the army placed
in proportion with that which the dignity of France
requires in the time of peace; the transformation
of the fleet and of all our material of artillery ; the
renewing and sustaining of our religious edifices
and of our public monuments.
This expenditure has given to all useful works
over the surface of the Empire a fruitful impulse.
Have we not seen our cities transform them-
selves, the country districts become enriched
by the progress of agriculture, and the coma
merce with foreign nations increase from
2,600,000,000 f. to 5,800,000,000 f. ? Finally, by
this increase of the public prosperity alone, the
revenues of the State have augmented by many
hundreds of millions.
This enumeration shows us in their fnll extent
the financial resources of France ; and nevertheless,
whatever may have been the origin of the deficits,
and however legitimate the expenditure, it was pru-
dent not to increase them.
With this object I have proposed to the Senate a
radical measure, which confers on the Legislative
Body a greater facility of control, and associates it
more and more with my policy. But this measure
was not, as anyone may easily convince himself, an
expedient to alleviate my responsibility.
It was a spontaneous and earnest reform, calcu-
lated to compel us to economy. In renouncing the
right of opening supplementary and extraordinary
credits in the interval between the sessions, it was
at the same time essential to retain the power of
providing fn. unforeseen necessity.
The system of transfers (les virements) furnishes
the means, and it has the advantage of restricting
this faculty to wants that are really urgent and in-
dispensable.
The severe application of this new system will
enable us to establish our financial regime upon un-
shakeable bases. I reckon on your patriotism and
intelligence to second any efforts by an earnest as-
sistance. The budget will he laid before you imme-
diately on the opening of the session. It is not
without regret that I have decided to propose to
you the re-arrangement (remanienzent) of several
taxes, but from the increase of our revenue, the
aggravation of those taxes, I am convinced, will be
only temporary.
You will be pleased to take up first the
projects de loi relative to the conversion of the
Four-and-a.-Half per Cent. Rentes—a measure
the object of which is, in equitably conciliating
the interests of the Troasury and those of its
creditors, to prepare the unification of the debt. I
have explained to you, gentlemen, frankly the state
of things.
You are aware that upon every occasion v 1,01.1
reform of a useful character presented itself, I have
resolutely taken the initiative of its introduction.
At the same time, I will maintain not the less intact
the fundamental bases of the Constitution, which
has already represented to the nation ten years of
orler and prosperity. lot of all who are in
pow er,
ia
a s asmn
usv
ee
rl well
troo d aware,he
their most d
is to see theirlan purestabin
tentions acts
misinterpreted by the spirit of party; but all
clamorous voices are impotent when the ruler
possesses the confidence of the nation and neglects
nothing to deserve it. This sentiment, which
manifests itself in all circumstances, is my most pre-
cious recompense, and forms my greatest strength.
Should unforeseen events, such as the dearness
of provisions and the falling off of employment,
cause the people to suffer want, the people ought
not in justice to hold me responsible for their suf-
fering, when they know that all my thoughts, all
my actions, tend without cessation to ameliorate
their lot and to increase the prosperity of France.
Let us not form any illusions as to what remains
for us to accomplish, but at the same time let us
felicitate ourselves upon having traversed 10 years
in the midst of the calm of contented populationsi
aniideotfuthsepuenrsioeNn,eoref thine gnurerattabsokdiwesitohf the
ery,
Sgtateh.ad
place ourselves with confidence in thy handsgnosf
given us visible signs
of who has always
of His protcctioi.

APOTHECARIES'-lIALL.7-The following gentle-
men passed their examination in the science and practice of
medicine, and received certificates to practise, on Thursday,
~
tho 23d of January, 1862:—Walter Tyrrell, St. Thomas's
Hospital ; Thoulas.S. Worboys, St, Bartholomew's Hospi-
Ntaelw;
Newbury,
erks; NI, ilham Dunderdalo, Poulton-le-Fylde,
Lancaster. B Holman, Uckfield, Sussex ; Thomas Joyce,
ry