The Sun.
London, England, 1862-04-17 00:00:00

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THE SUN.

LONDON, THURSDAY, APRIL 17, 1862,

At last we may congratulate America on the
azttual commencement of emancipation by law—by
an itct of the Federal Government. Our readers
must be all aware that the little district of Colum-
bia, in which Washington stands, is under the
direct government of Congress. The Federal Go-
vernment is, we may say, its State Government. It
was originally but ten miles square, and was equally
divided by the Potomac, the southern part in Vir-
ginia, the northern in Maryland. The southern,
or smaller part, was, however, ceded back again to
Virginia in 1846 ; the remainder, on the Maryland
side of the river, is the State in which Congress has
now resolved to emancipate its slaves, and the bill

for that purpose having passed the Senate, only
awaits the PRESIDENT'S signature to become the
law of the United States and of Columbia.
We are but too well aware of all the deductions
and qualifications and exceptions which will 'be
made or taken by the pro-slavery party, a small one,
Happily, in this country, and by their organ, in re-
gard to the significance of this act ; but it has great
significance after all. It would not have been ac-
cepted even a year ago ; had the South not seceded
it could not have passed through either hone, and
under BUCHANAN no one would have dreamed of
such a thing. It has long been the strenuous de-
mand of the abolitionists as a point of national
honour, and it has been as long resisted and resented
by the alaveholders as a public stigma on their
heaven-oestowed institution of slavery. The free-
dom of Columbia was, therefore, the outwork battle
ground of the two great parties. The slave-
holders
were in possession. The Abolitionists are
now in their place ; and they have a right to hoist
and salute their flag, as the omen of future successes.
The telegrams to-day vary a little from those of
yesterday in respect to the amount of compensa-
tion to be given. The last information we may
assume to be the latest amendment. Three hun-
dred dollars, or about .£6O, is to be the average
price paid by the Government for converting
human cattle into free men; and twenty thou-
sand pounds seems to be voted for their depor-
tation to Liberia or to Hayti.

How the slavery party regard the Act in Ame-
rica itself, is apparent from the fact of all the Bor-
der States representatives voting against it, just as
they did a
of the against the resolutions, offering, on the part
Federal Government, to co-operate with the
States in emancipating their slaves by pecuniary
compensation. The slaseholders well comprehend
the damaging effect on slave institutions, of votes
and acts of the Federal Government which revert
to the old view of the times of WASHINGTON and
JEFFERSON,—that slavery is a social evil to be got
rid of as soon as possible, and even at a heavy cost.
On the other hand, the Anti-Negro feeling of the
North is painfifilY manifest, in the effort
to get rid of the negroes by colonization
or expatriation. It is doubless Cthe old story,
that the too groat parties in
America
equelly contemn the poor negro ; but,
the South
would despise and use—the North despise and
banish. The difficulty of ficcomplishing the latter
is, perhaps, the great difficulty with the North.
Were it possible to sweep America of negroes, the
North would probably not hesitate to do it. What'
it dislikes is. being cumbered with Free Negroes.
There is not, forsooth, room for them, any more than
for Indians, in the midst of white men. They must
be improved away.

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The great desire in the North, even by the verY
latest accounts, is to secure a restoration of the
Union without erthAncipation. It is not concealed
that even Mr. LiNoox.,N would gladly make any