The Sun.
London, England, 1862-06-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JUNE 10, 1862.

TO the SOCIAL CONGRESS now sitting in
London.
GENTLEMEN,—How say you on the question of compulsory
vaccination ? Doctors are now crying out for a repeal of the
Act of last session.—See Lancet, May 17, 1862, page 522.
Think of the 46 children infected with a loathsome disease
by vaccination, reported in the Lancet of the 16th November,
1861.

Yours, &c.,
THE MEMBERS OF THE BRITISH COLLEGE
OF HEALTII.
For the Society of Hygeists.
Euston-road, London, June 7, 1862.

DR. CITTLVERWELL'S LAST NEW WORK,
OURSELVES.
On Spermatorrhcea, Syphilis, Stricture, Hiemorrhoids,
Gleets, Nervous Debility, Palpitation, &0., &c.

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CONTENTS: , ondon.
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Phvsio
Structure and Functicns of the Reproductive (*gals logical
CHAPTER ll.—Canses of Spervnatorrhcea and In;
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• ,

THE CIVIL WAR IN Al

ME_RICA

(From the Times Correspondent.)
NEW YORK, MAT 27.
There has been a furious boiling up of the war
cauldron since Sunday last. Every one was calcu-
lating on the evacuation or capture of Richmond,
or in some other triumph of the Federal arms,
either under the walls of that city or at Corinth,
when suddenly there came the news of a defeat
from a quarter where nobody expected any danger
—a defeat that has created something like a panic
in Washington and in this city, if not throughout
the whole North. Sunday has of late become so
especially the day for the arrival in this city of
important war news, that before going to church in
the morning most people make up their minds to
hear either of a victory or a defeat on coming out
of it, and many stay away altogether from Divine
service that they may be earlier informed. Three
Sundays ago came the evacuation of Norfolk. The
Sunday before last brought intelligence of the re-
pulse of the Monitor and the Galena in the James
River, and the day before yesterday New York re-_
ceived a still greater shock in the news that Gene-
ral Banks had been defeated at Winchester by a
large force under General Jackson, after an obsti-
nate engagement of six hours, and that the Federal
army or the Shenandoah was in full retreat across
the Potomac. The news was generally credited,
and created a very uneasy feeling in the minds of
the large class who are weary of the war, and look
with alarm on any Confederate victory that may
tend to prolong it. The despatches and details
that arrived yesterday confirmed it to the fullest
extent, and added other particulars of a nature to
cause some apprehension for the safety of Balti-
more, and even of Washington. The friends of the
South are so many and so influential in Baltimore
—though the " rowdy" mob is on the other side—
that not even the presence of a large Federal
army under General Dix—who occupies the city
after the fashion in which the Russian Generals,
occupy Warsaw is sufficient to restrain
the expression of their delight whenever the
Northern fleets or armies sustain a reverse.
The first intimation of the danger in which General
Banks was placed reached Baltimore and Washing-
ton on Saturday, on which day a portion of his
command, under Col. Kenley, a Marylander, at the
head of a Maryland regiment, was defeated with
severe loss at Front Royal, a position on the She-
nandoah on the line of the Manassas Gap Railroad
to Alexandria. Some over-zealous Secessionists
were imprudent enough to express in the streets
their satisfaction at the event, and to call it a befit-
tin gjudgment upon recreant Marylanders, who were
traitors to the cause of the South'. This led to ill-
blood, and to poralar gatherings in the streets. The
passions of both parties were violently,aroused, and
it was by the merest accident that bloodshed and
murder did not result. And when the news of the
following up of the first little victory of the Confe-
derate arms by the defeat of Banks arrived, in the
midst of the excitement, the thermometer of the
popular temper went up from blood heat to fever
heat at one bound, and there was imminent danger
that Baltimore would be the theatre of events of
which the parallel is only to be found in the blood-
stained annals of Paris during the " Reign of Ter-
ror." " Judge Lynch," that ominous public func-
tionary, who bids fair to override all law but his
own in many cities of the Union if this vindictive
war is allowed to linger much longer, paraded the
streets in the shape of a furious Union mob. Having
caught hold of a Southern "sympathiser" in Monu-
ment-square, there were loud cries to hang him upon
a lamp-post, and, a rope having been procured, pre-
parations were made to carry the threat into execu-
tion, when a large posse of police opportunely
arrived, and rescued the man from death, with the
noose around his neck. "Judge Lynch," thus baulked
of his victim, retired in bad humour to other quarters
of the city,and amused himself by beating Secession•
ists with sticks and hunting them through the
streets. All the most prominent citizens who had
identified themselves with the South kept prudently
out of sight, and many of them barricaded them-
selves in their house, and stood ready armed with
their whole household to resist any attack that might
be made upon them. Such is the popular frenzy,
exasperated as it is by the violence of the women of
all classes, high and low, that General Dix will have
a harder tax than ever to keep Baltimore in order,
even should Jackson, elated with his victory, not
suddenly make his appearance at the gates to de-
mand its surrender.
The President, on Sunday afternoon, on receipt
of the telegrams announcing the retreat of Banks
and the mischief brewing at Baltimore, issued a pro-
clamation by which he took military possession of
all the railroads in the United States, and directed
the officials to hold themselves in readiness for the
transport of troops and munitions of war, to the
exclusion of all other business. The Governor of
the State of New York was equally prompt, and
immediately on the arrival of the news at Albany
ordered the sth New York Volunteer Artillery and
the 7th Regiment of the New York State Militia to
proceed to Washington on the morrow for the
defence of the capital.
Last night at 8 o'clock the 7th Regiment—the
deflyi
flying
nragtnhdea
nvde
work,r ydrp drums
usd
ma rs—r
beating,e wh eads
and
flags
there s
crackf
u l fully equippedregiment
down Broadway,
amidst the enthusiastic plaudits of an immense
crowd that lined the thoroughfare, and of a crowd
of ladies, equally enthusiastic, who filled every win-
dow and balcony commanding a view of their
march. It thence proceeded to the ferry at the
foot of Courtland.street, across the Hudson river to
the 'railway station, and travelled all night to
Washington. The same eagerness is displayed in
other States and cities, and it is certain that the
President can gather around him a quarter of a
million of militiamen for the defence of Washing-
ton if he needs them.
In the meantime everybody is asking how Gen.
Banks was brought into this scrape. No one seems
to blame him in any way for the defeat he has suf-
fered, seeing that he had but 4,000 men, and Jack-
son from 15,000 to 18,000. The result is traced to
the interference of Mr. Secretary Stanton, who de-
prived General Banks of two-thirds of his army at
a time when he ought to have known that the Con-
federate force in the valley of the Shenandoah had
been largely increased, and taken up a position alike
strong for attack or defence. It appears to have
been deemed expedient at Washington to reinforce
Gen. M'Dowell at Fredericksburg—probably with
the view of enabling him to co-operate with
M,Clellan in some movement against Richmond;
consequently the divisions of Generals Shields and
Geary were withdrawn from Bank's army on the
15th, and Banks left with 4,000 men. The Presi-
&tit seems to have had some misgiving about the
matter, after the mischief had been done, and started
suddenly from Washington on Friday last to visit
General M'Dowell at his head-quarters. He had
scarcely returned to Washington on Saturday when
the first intimation of the impending evil reached
him in a despatch from Gen. Banks at Strasburg, to
the effect that Col. lienley'had been defeated at
Front Royal. This news was known in New York
early on Sunday morning, as well as in Baltimore
and Washington, and led most persons who had
studied the map, and who knew anything of the
state of matters in the Shenandoah valley, to an-
ticipate further disasters. Gen. Banks has been
already reinforced, and, unless Gen. Jackson be too
doubtlessterym e na n
attemptd
cNvetsotleogianitne
rhis
st
loaelatid forground. him,
have long
tOcivilian G: beendnmeriat accustomedhba ut t
his
it
shey successfulhave
n eaet r
rl aae tts
rt Be
baaetne:ni
ns
cafosam.
pelled c ae
of such enormous
ammunition, difficulties,
and,o without f h
itshe
whole loss
in, deedwt ho
command, is one of the most creditable achieve-
ments of generalship that the war has yet exhibited.
Banks was originally
a journeyman blacksmith,

afterwards a Member of Congress, Speaker of the
House of Representatives and Governor of Massa-
chusetts. At the outbreak of the civil war ho was
engaged in the management of a Western Railway,
which position he relinquished to volunteer his ser-
vices as a soldier in support of the Union. He is a
strong anti• slavery man, but, unlike Generals Fre-
mont, Hunter, and others, has never allowed his
sentiments on that question to interfere with his

duties as an officer.
Till late last night the city was kept in alarm by
rumours, which no one could trace to any authority,
that General M'Dowell had been compelled to re-
treat—no one knew how or wherefore. This morn-
ing, however, there is certain intelligence that in-
stead of retreating he has advanced eight miles from
Fredericksburg on the road to Richmond, to carry
out, it is to be supposed, the plan of co-operation
with M'elellan which led to his reinforcement at
the expense of General Banks, and thus pranced
the paroxysm of war fever that has convulsed the
whole system. M'Clellan makes no sign, but
everybody has. such confidence in his patient saga-
city and good , fortune that all delays are excused,
and he is cheerfully allowed his own time to do his
own work, untroubled by any criticism or com-
plaint. No one seems to think that any calamity can
befall him, except, perhaps, the Southern Generals
at Richmond and the whole Southern people.
It is not likely that many persons in England
remember the name or existence of, Governor
Andrew of Massachusetts, though there was a time,
in the midst of the excitement that arose out of the
stupid act of Commodore Wilkes in seizing Messrs.
Mason and Slidell on board of the Trent, when his
name was known in England in connection with a
very violent and foolish speech, in which he " en-
dorsed" that illegal proceeding, and did his little
utmost to stir up discord or war between Great
Britain and the United States. The Governor has
again made his appearance before the world, and
again made himself ridiculous. In answer to the
1; President's demand for additional troops, addressed
to him in common with all the other Governors of
the Northern and Western States, this egregious
person took it upon himself to read Mr. Lincoln a
lecture on the ethices of the war, and virtually to
deny the riglit of the President to call upon Mas-
sachusetts for any more soldiers, unless he would
" sustain General Hunter" and emancipate the
negroes of the South. He said that the call upon
Massachusetts was so " sudden and unexpected,"
that " he had not the materials for an intelligent
reply," that the young men of the State " were
pre-occupied with other views," but might be got
together in "forty days," provided the Govern-
ment at Washington would send them arms and
equipments .; and that they did not want to go to
the South " unless they could fight with God and
human nature on their side"—in other words, un-
less the Southern negroes were armed and set free
to fight alongside of them. From all this it
was abundantly clear that Mr. Andrew is one of
those who only care for the restoration of the
American Union if it can be restored after his own
fashion ; that he either does not understand that
to make the war an abolition war would certainly
which President
spite of defeat and
Davisprolong d e itel
afroer thhee
5250 e yearsw wage
g e
it daringm
discouragement, or that he considers the emancipa-
tion of the negroes in the South and the ruin of the
Southern planters to be results worth the unspeak-
able miseries that such a war would entail, and not
the least of them the loss of the liberties of white
men, both of the North and the South ; and that,
in short, he is as much of a Secessionist as Mr.
Jefferson Davis himself, though he bases his argu-
ments on an opposite theory. The Boston papers
have been warmly repudiating all participation in
the Governor's opinions, and declare his statements
to be a libel upon the people of their State. But
the Governor, it appears, had some bowels of com-
passion after all. It was only in the day of pros-
perity that he thought he could snub his superior,
and at the first reverse to the national arms he
hastened to show himself merciful, and to let the
question of emancipation drop for awhile, or as long
as Washington was supposed to be in danger.
On Sunday evening, in the first flush of excitement
at learning by telegraph the defeat of General
Banks, he issued a second proclamation, without a
word on the slavery question or any of the irritating
topics which he touched upon in his first, and called
upon the men of Massachusetts " to oppose with
fiery zeal and courage patriotism the progress of the
foe"—" that wily and barbarous horde of traitors
to the people, to the Government, to the country,
and to liberty, who had routed Major-General
Banks and were marching upon Washington." The
people, who were angry at the first proclamation,
found time to laugh at the magniloquence of the
second, and the young men of Boston, to the num-
ber of upwards of 3,000, assembled yesterday even-
ing on Boston-common, fully armed and equipped,
to take the rail for Washington, thus stultifying the
Governor's first proclamation, and teaching him—if
he have a mind to be taught—that the Abolitionists,
whom he represents, are but a small and unin-
fluential class.

THE NAVY.

Letters received at Plymouth from Vancouver's
Island state that the screw steam frigate Topaze,
51, Capt. the Hon. John W. S. Spencer, had left on
the Ist of May for Valparaiso. The flagship Buc-
chante, 51, Rear-Admiral Sir T. Maitland, was at
Panama. Capt. the Hon. G. D. Keane, of the screw
steam corvette Charybdis, was at Vancouver's Is-
land, where he was likely to remain some months.
Provisions were very dear in the island.
The trip of the iron screw steamship Warrior, 40,
Capt. the Hon. A. A. Cochrane, on Friday last, out-
side Plymouth Sound, was not, in respect of the
speed attained, quite so satisfactory as could be de-
sired ; but her bad trim, the foul condition of her
bottom through her long stay in Hamoaze, and
other minor disadvantages, may possibly account
for this. Capt. A. C. Key, C. 8., at the head of the
Steam Reserve ; Mr. John Trickett, Chief Engineer
from Keyham Steam-yard ; and Mr. J. Edwards,
Assist.-Master Shipwright from Devonport Dock-
yard, were on board. Commander H. Paul, assist.-
master-attendant, navigated the ship through the
harbour. A scutherly wind was blowing with a
force of from 7 to 8, and frequent and heavy showers
fell. Four steam tugs took the Warrior to the
Sound, where they were cast off. She then went
round the Eddystone and back in two and a half
hours, or at the rate of about 12 knots per hour.
The engines worked very smoothly, and, it is said,
attained on one occasion a development of 4,000
horse power. Although it was what is called a
dirty day the Warrior made good weather of it.
There was very little difference on Friday between
her draught of water forward and aft, while on for-
mer trials sha was usually 18in. by the stern, which
seems to be her proper trim. During her stay at
Devonport several alterations have been made, some
of them for the purpose of diminishing the weight
forward. The bowsprit has been reduced in diame-
ter and shortened 24 feet ; the jib-boom has been
shortened seven feet. One cathead and fish davit
have been provided on each side to bring the
anchors 20 feet further aft. The anchors, how-
ever, have not yet been tatted to theta. Side-heads
have been fitted for use when foul weather prevents
the seamen from going forward. The Warrior has
also been supplied with towing bollards on the
quarter-deck, and with two new capstans, much
stronger than those previously on board, one is of
wood, the other of iron, Brown and Lennox's
patent. Complaints having been made by the
crew that there were at times strong draughts of
wind and occasional leakage of the sea through the
ports
those on one side have been made water-tight
,
with indiarubber, and those on the other with fear-
New pipes have also been fitted for con-
ethe slain deck to the bilges the leak-
age which might enter the ports when fighting the
o yu
ignhgt .
from

guns in heavy weather. Some 70 tons of bricks
and mortar have been built into the bottom of the
ship, to prevent the lodgment and consequent stag-
nation of bilge-water. The numerous valves which
are inserted in the lower portions of the various
sections of the Warrior are necessarily shorter down-
ward than the divisions; or, in other words, the
valves cannot conveniently be made to descend to
the angles in the bottom of the ship. Now, the
bilge and waste water which becomes stagnant is
that which lodges in the bottom between the sec-
tions, where it remains undisturbed, and soon be-
comes putrid. Here it is that the masonry has
been applied. All the leakage and waste-water will
now be raised to one common level, and also to one
common suction. Six additional Downton's pumps
have been added to clear the leakage from the
water-tight compartments, and sluice valves have
been fitted to the various bulkheads fore and aft:
By these arrangements it is expected that scarcely
a gallon of water can hereafter accumulate in any
part of the vessel, a very great desideratum in an
iron ship of such immense strength, and, conse-
quently, complicated construction, as the Warrior.
In connection with the engines and machinery, the
only work of any importance executed since her
stay at Devonport has been the fitting of two
pairs of sliding doors to the water-tight
bulkhead in the boiler-rooms ; they are put up
in a very superior manner, and answer
their purpose admirably, one man having suffi-
cient power to open or close them. The funnel
casings have undergone extensive alterations to
obtain improved ventilation in the boiler-rooms;
these casings have been fitted according to the
designs of Mr. Trickett. Daring the run on Friday
a marked improvement was discernible, and the
arrangement is considered to be the most successful
yet tried. The engines and machinery are in a
most efficient state. It is expected that the Warrior
will leave Plymouth shortly for Queenstown.
The following appointments were made yesterday
at the Admiralty :—Lieu`. W. C. J. Sullivan to
the Ajax, additional, for service in the Coastguard;
W. Pitt, chief engineer, and J. P. Lloyd and G.
W. Robins, first-class assist.-engineers to the
Sanspareil.
The undernamed gentlemen were yesterday
nominated to naval cadetships :—Henry O'Neill, T.
E. M. Maxwell, Gordon Glennie, R. Blair Mac-
conochie, W. Edmund. Adderley, Hans Hamilton
Brooke, T. Erskine Cochrane, Alvin Corry, Douglas
Curry, J. Darnford, Francis Anthony, Gilbert Gor-
don, C. Harvey, Herbert Kyffin Heyland, Alfred
Campbell Hallyburton Jones, Arthur H. 0. P.
Lowe, the Hon. J. Scott Napier, T. Robertson, and
C. Vernon Strange.