The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-10 00:00:00

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"To see ourselves as others see us," or, ratllcr,
to know the impression which our national habits
and modes of thought produce upon our neigh-
bours, must always be amusing and often instruc-
tive.t, Hence the avidity with chick_ we, peruse every
volume that prufesses to give us a portrait of Eng-
lish life and manners from the foreign point of view.
A new essay of this kind has just appeared froiii
the pen of an American. This time it is the citizens
of Manchester who have had " a ehiel among them
taking notes," and their attitude in relation to the
American question is the subject. of criticism. " Mr.
H. Adams, son of the American Minister in Los-
don," seems to have been deputed, in November
last, to report on the feelings of Manchester towards
the Federal States, and the results of this delicate
inquiry are published in the Boston. Daily Courier.
We had certainly not fancied that the great capital
of the English cotton trade was so much out of the
world as to need a Special Commissioner to bring
its hidden opinions to light. We presume, how-
ever, that the Federal Government thought other-
wise, and decided to gather its information respect-
ing the policy of the millowners from sources more
authentic than newspapers or private letters:
Manchester had been represented as " bitterly
hostile" to the Northern States. Cotton was sup-
posed to have obscured her political vision, and
stopped her ears against the voice of reason and
justice, and it was believed that there was a "pirty
in Manchester forming to bring about the infrac-
tion of the blockade by Great Britain." So
young Mr. Adams was despatched on a voyage of
discovery, and proceeded to take soundings on this
unexplored and dangerous coast. He kept a diary
of his investigations, in which we find entries of
interviews and conversations " with several gentle-
men," " with a member of a large s 'inning firm,"
" with Mr. -• one otthe M P • "*.
Tc, the 'statements. ,„

...4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

cationsoih correspondents,= an we mast
confess having felt some curosity to learn the details
of the alleged Manchester conspiracy against the
integrity of the American Union.
We are sorry to disappoint our readers, but it
really does net appear that the Manchester men
interrogated by Mr. Adams disclosed any views
materially differing from those which the rest of us
have long entertained. The " member of a large
spinning firm," when informed that the belief
was general in America that England meant to
break the blockade, that this belief had caused
great irritation, and that " it was the lowness of
the motive that had disgusted us," replied in
terms which most of his countrymen would be
ready to adopt. He ridiculed the existence of any
such intention, and declared that England had
every wish to give the Federal States a fair trial;
but that if so large a part of the commerce of the
world were to be sacrificed indefinitely to a chimeri-
cal object, an intervention might become justifiable
and necessary. Perhaps he went somewhat too far
in saying that " most Englishmen would prefer to
see a separation accomplished ;" but he was quite
right in pointing out that the strictest neutrality
for the present is compatible with the belief that
this result is inevitable, The mysterious M.P., on
the other hand, was hardly justified in giving the
" strongest assurance of English sympathy with the
North," in any sense that would be inconsistent
with this neutrality. We know nothing of a pro-
posal " among some of the men of position" in Man-
chester "to make a public demonstration of sym•
pathy with, the North," and we do not believe
that public opinion would have supported any such
gratuitous expression of partiality. We cannot
help wondering, however, that Mr. Adams, who
had reminded his previous informant, with some
degree of rudeness, that " the opinions of England
were of no consequence to us except as they
indicated her actions," should have eagerly em-
braced the idea of a Manchester demonstration
in favour of Mr. Lincoln's Government. With his
own view of the bearing of the cotton question
on the staple manufacture of Manchester we
have no fault to find. We agree with him that
India has already obtained a hold on the market
which she will never altogether lose, and that,
whatever advantage America may possess in com-
petition with other cotton-growing countries, she
cannot regain the monopoly which she has lost.
These considerations may enable the Lancashire
capitalists to bear the blockade with more or less
patience, but it is absurd to suppose that the re-
cognition or non-recognition of the Southern States
will depend on a selfish struggle between them and
a confederacy consisting of " the Radicals," " the
Indian and Colonial interests," and "the Anti-
Slavery interest." To do so is to confound two
questions essentially distinct, the one of which may
and probably will, be determined long before the
other.

Mr. Adams' diary would not have been deemed
complete by those for whose eyes it was intended
had it not contained a little of that gossip which
our cousins import into their most serious trans-
actions. Accordingly, a document which evidently
purports to be in the nature of a State paper,
contains a smart comparison between London and
Manchester society, greatly to the disadvantage of
the former. " Manchester society seems to be much.
more like what one finds in American cities than
like that of London." The great charm of it is that
the old folks considerately keep in the background,
leaving it in " the hands of the young, unmarried
people ;" that it has no Court to " give it dignity
and tone," and that it does not " slight dancing."
" One is usually allowed a dressing-room at an
evening party," the master and mistress of the
house exert themselves to make things go off plea-
santly, and " it is still the fashion to finish balls
with showy suppers, which form the great test of
the evening." " London society" is the gloomy an-
tithesis of all this ; there stiffness and discomfort
rule supreme ; "the guests shift for themselves, and
a stranger had better depart at once as soon as he
has looked at the family pictures." The suggestion
seems to be that what a French nobleman calls the
massive and granite like pride" of our aristocracy
exacts from their guests an unwilling homage
to the emblems of their illustrious ancestry, without
making the corresponding return of courteous hos-
pitality. Such is Mr. Adams, junior's, experience of
high life in the British Metropolis ; and we can
hardly be surprised that he should look back on it
with little pleasure. Mrs. Stowe's Sunny Memories
gave the brighter side of the picture, and yet, feted
and caressed as she was, she can hardly have had
better introductions than the son of an American
Minister, who is able and anxious to make the
best use of his opportunities.
We have no right to
wince under the social criticisms in which English
travellers so freely indulge, especially as our man-
ners and customs have been quite_ as extravagantly
praised as they can ever be ridiculed. The truth is,
. that what called " society" is as inscrutable to a
stranger as individual character. Even though he
speak the same language and belong to a kindred
stock he must ever be an outsider in this kind of
intercourse. There are few Frenchmen so friendly
to England or have had such opportunities of
studying cur peculiarities as M. de Montalembert ;
yet his works abound,with inaccuracies and
mheeaitsiidneguelsyceadphey
his
very
miscon-
ceptions wherever he touches on this sacred ground.
The very same charge is brought by foreigners,.
doubtless with equal justice, against . English
9olbefuat.r conception of all that he
writers who have undertaken to describe them
as they are "at home." The reason is obvious
enough. Not only do a thousand. traits of cha-
racter
vt
yaHaniod wholefshadesforeigner,
aim is to seize typical facts and
draw inferences from them; he is incessantly gene-
ralising on experience the most inadequate and
one-sided, and ever on principl
e
of look-out fora• • 1
of unity where a native recognises nothing but in-
exhaustible variety. Every well-filled drawing-
room seems to him a representative salon, every
fluent and consequential talker a person with special
means of information, every loose expression of a
public man clothes itself with a deep significance,
every whim of prejudice or caprice of fashion, ekes
out the materials for a sweeping induction. No one
ventures to dogmatise on the habits and opinions of
his countrymen, as almost every one is ready to do
on those of a nation among whom he has spent a
few weeks, or oven a few days. This thought must
be the consolation of those to whom, if to any, Mr.
Adams's strictures apply. He will profess to know
less of us when he really knows more. Let him but
persevere in frequenting the soirees and admiring
the " family pictures," which make London society
" a distinct thing" from that of a provincial to-,vv,
and we shall not despair of reading some day 11, new
diary in the Boston Daily Courier, wherein tho
anzende honorable will be made to the gay world of
the metropolis.— 2 imes.

The range of the Apennines, which yielded the
valuable statuary marble of the Carrara, were formerly con-
sidered by geologists to be the very type of primitive me• li
stone. This was regarded as a rock of the highest anti-
quity, because, firstly, it' was traversed by granite veins;
secondly, it was a crystalline texture; thirdly, there were
no traces of fossils. But the recent disco. verkus have shown
that it is simply limestone of the oolitic trra, such as the
hills around Bath, altered by the presento of plutonic or
fire rocks. As the distancefr from the ditflurbing points in—
creases this very characteristic, fossils of the 'Dolly 4eriodi
the rock ts elf resumes the oolite character.
which is more recent than. the coal, begin to iiheiv'tliein-
way we can satisfactorily demonstrate that the
Isnelvthesis, while I
Apennines and the CQtlwold Bills are of the same age,--
044 a Rai,