The Sun.
London, England, 1865-04-25 00:00:00

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE—This day.

LosmoN, April 25.—Wind this day at noon—North-
Easterly; moderate breeze and fine weather.
PLYMOUTH, April 24.—Wind S.E.—Arrived—London,
screw steamer, from Melbourne. Sailed—Lima, for Porto
Rico.

CARDIFF, April 24.—Wind N.E.—Sailed—Tangier, for
Bomberg ; lda Jardine, for Callao; Lucie and Harriet, for
Bombay.
LIVERPOOL, April 24.—Wind E.—Sailed—The Emerald
Isle, for Havannah ; General E. Lee, for Sydney; Cecilia,
for San Francisco.

OFF PORTSMOUTH, April 24.—Wind S.E.—Arrived—
from London for -.

MUMBLES, April 24.—Wind N.E.—Arrived—Polar Star,
from Caldeira.
SWANSEA, April 24.—Wind S.W.—Arrived—Countess
of Bective, from Cuba.

(BY MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.)
GRAYEBEND, Tuesday Morning.
Arrived, April 24—Christiana Maria, from Larvy ; Mar-
gre tha, from Ettendorff ; Ernesto Zuana, from Trieste
Two Friends, from Guernsey; Carl XL, from Gothenburg.
Arrived, April 25—Haabet, from Prederickstadt.
sailed, April 24—John Gilpin, for Boston ; Ann Rindill,
for St. Kitts.

DEAL, Tuesday Morning.
Passed, April 24—Don Pedro, screw steamer, of Glasgow,
from London, for Alexandria ; Clothilda, from Shields, for
shanghai; John, from North, for West.

THE PRITCHARD CASE.—The Glasgow Herald
says :—The prisoner retains the same amount of
self-possession that he has exhibited since the night of his
apprehension. It may be mentioned that on that occasion,
after having been conveyed from the railway station to Mr.
Superintendent Wean's apartment, the doctor, previous
to retiring to rest, and before the room was vacated by the
officers, engaged in prayer. His subsequent behaviour, we
have reason to believe, has been of the calmest possible
description. A day or two after his incarceration iu the
North Prison he seemed to feel a little annoyed that he
could not be favoured with a supply of pomatum for the
trimming of his beard and hair. The prison regimen has
not at all suited his taste, but he does not seem to have lost
flesh, and his pale appearance may be ascribed to the con-
finement, which in the case of a person occupying the
position he did, and taking much exercise, must in a very
short time produce some palpable effect. In fact, so far as
we learn, Dr. Pritchard has all along taken matters very
coolly. It is said that on the day when his wife died the
prisoner talked in a sort of off-hand way to persons whom
he met regarding that melancholy event. We are told that
to a lady whom ho met in the street shortly after Mrs.
Pritchard died he remarked " that his beloved wife was
gone, that her death had resulted from au attack of typhoid
fever, that he had called in three doctors to visit her ou
the day prior to her death, but that it had been of no use."
4, Too many cooks," he added, "spoil the broth." In point
of fact, only one doctor, viz., Dr. Paterson, saw Mrs. Prit-
chard on the day prior to her death.

r--
• -

THE CIV.

AMERICA,

(From the Times' Corresp&ndent.)
NEW YORK, April 11.
It must have been with a heavy heart that General
Lee surrendered to his grim and successful opponent
the brave and for four long years the victorious
army of Northern Virginia. Oppressed alike with
private and with public sorrows, for he had lost one
son by death and another by captivity in the series
of unavailing struggles against superior force which
ended on Saturday last, he resolved to prevent the
further effusion of blood, and to descend from the
lofty position of hero and patriot, in which he
formerly stood, and accept from his countrymen,
and perhaps from the world, the lower but not in
his case the disgraceful place of discomfited rebel.
With the small remnant of force at his command
there was no alternative that it would not have been
foolish, perhaps criminal, to adopt. Whatever may
be thought by the Americans, it is difficult for a
foreign spectator of the great event to decide to
which of the two Generals the highest meed of praise
should be accorded for true nobility of character, in
circumstances that might well have filled the mind
of the conqueror with elation, or depressed that of
the conquered with a feeling akin to humiliation.
But the truly brave man is bravest in adversity, and
even in our prosaic time, when heroism is rarely ex-
hibited and still more rarely recognised, there are
few, whatever their political opinions may be, who
will withhold from General Lee their sympathy and
respect, or who will not indulge in the hope, if the
American Republic is to be reconstituted on the
basis of true liberty for all men, that the services of
such a patriot and statesman as he should not be
lost to his country.
In surrendering the Army of North Virginia
General Lee seems to have guarded himself against
the assumptian of any powers that he may still con-
sideras rightfully vested in Mr. Jefferson Davis, as
President of the Confederacy. Though Comman-
der-in-Chief of all the armies of ,the South,
he surrendered to the enemy only the one army
under his immediate control, leaving to his superior
to hold aloft the banner of the Confederacy, if still
able or disposed to do so, and to the other armies in
the field under Johnston, Kirby Smith, or Forrest,
or make or refuse such terms as the fortune of war

recommends itself to the councils of the people, there
will yet be a noble chance in the great and fertile
regions that lie between the Rocky Mountains and
the Atlantic Ocean for the perpetuation of a repub-
lican form of government. Foreign wars, which,
at this moment, when the great civil war cannot
fairly be considered so wholly at an end as to be
beyond the possibility of revival, and the creation of
a Poland or a Venetia in the cotton States, will but
render this the moment of victory the moment of
greatest peril to the stability of the Commonwealth.

might present. There are few, however, in this
_ _

city and throughout the North who do not believe
that the Confederacy is a thing of the past ; that the
rebellion is at an end, and the Union re-eAablished
beyond the power of man to destroy or shatter it.
There has been a vast amount of very natuaal re-
joicing over the result; but as, in the commercial
parlance of this city, the surrender of Lee was " dis-
counted" as soon as the news arrived of the evacua-
tion of Richmond, there has been much less "bun-
combe" and fewer fireworks than were let off a

week ago. The Doxology has again been sung in
the streets, in the Corn-market, and even in the
" Gold-room;" the guns have been fired in the Park
and on the Battery, and orators have hurled the
usual amount of invectives against European Powers,
especially against England; but as yet all these cele-
brations have been but a comparatively faint echo
of the sturdier and heartier jubilation which burst
forth with irrepressible energy on Monday.
With few exceptions, among whom such persons
as Gen. Butler, Parson Brownlow, of Tennessee,
and the unhappy Vice-President are scandalously
conspicuous, there is a general inclination among
men of all shades of opinion to act generously
towards the Southern people and their leaders in this
their day of sorrow. There is a disposition not only
to mercy, but to magnanimity, and if some would
except Mr. Jefferson Davis, and none but him, from
the complete amnesty which the President is urged
to offer, on the sole condition of the immediate dis-
banding of all the remaining armies of the Confede-
racy, even those who make the exception express
the wish that he may not be captured, but may
escape to Mexico, and thence to Europe, and so
spare the Federal Government the painful necessity
of dealing with him according either to civil or
to military law. The proclamation so earnestly ex-
pected has not yet appeared ; but Mr. Lincoln is to
make a speech this evening, which will probably
contain some disclosure of his intentions, and inform
the Southern people whether they are to expect such
treatment as the Poles receive from the Russians,
and the Hungarians from the Austrians, or whether
they are to enter into the full enjoyment of equal
citizenship. Mr. Lincoln being called for by an im-
patient crowd at Washington refused to make a set
speech, on the plea that he was not prepared, and
that he was bound to be cautious, inasmuch as every-
thing he said " got into print." 'With characteristic
humour, he called upon the band of serenaders, whose
harmonies had drawn him to the balcony, to play
him " Dixie," the popular air of the South, adding
that it was one of the best tunes he had ever heard,
and that he considered it now belonged to the North,
having been duly captured with other spoils of the
war. The request was complied with, and " Dixie"
having been given with all the honours, was followed
by " Yankee Doodle," after which Mr. Lincoln
withdrew to his own apartments, and the crowd with
the musicians repaired to General Butler's hotel, with
the object of extorting a speech from him, or some
one else, if the President chose to be reticent. They
were as successful as they expected ; and the General
—who won no battle to give him a shadow of right
to dictate terms to the vanquished—delivered a little
speech, in such bad taste and in so truculent a spirit
as to make it a matter of thankfulness to his
countrymen, if not to the world, that not he, but a
better man, is at the head of the Republic.
The premium of gold fell but five per cent. yes-
terday morning on the news of Lee's surrender, or
from 49i to 44i. It rallied again slightly in the
afternoon, maintained the advance this morning and
throughout the day, and closed at the hour of post
at 47i, with every prospect of an advance to 50.

In Europe, where the delicate and complicated
machinery of the Constitution of the United States,
as drawn up and agreed to by the men of the
Washingtonian era, is but little understood, the
victory of the North, if it be final, will be considered
the victory over slavery. Doubtless it is that ; and
slavery, if not dead on the North American conti-

vent, is in articulo niortis, never again to be re-

vived, or even to be galvanised into the semblance
of vitality. But the victory is greater and more
comprehensive, and one which must affect the whole
future history of the white race as well as the black

in America. It is a victory of the unity and cen-
tralisation of power, against which, in their horror
of a despotism, the early fathers of the Republic
took especial and, as they thought, effectual means

to provide. It is a victory over the principle of State

rights, which they imagined to be the surest safe-
guard of Republican liberty. By the triumph of

the North—unless in the reconstruction of the

Union the Conservative party should exercise a pre-
ponderating influence—the Republic will become
such a Republic as France made herself in 1848, a
Republic One and Indivisible, with homogeneous
institutions in all its constituent departments, pro-
vmees, or counties ; and not a federation of Re-
publics, as Washington made it, diverse and self-
sustained at home, and only one against foreign
nations. Not only refusing to be warned by the
example of the French, but taking courage from it
to establish unity as
ell as union, although the
result of unity is as likely in their case as in that of
any other, people to be a military despotism, the
North deliberately sacrificed its rich inheritance of
dominion over itself in order to purchase dominion
over others. It was not so much because slavery was
considered a crime or a mistake, for not ten men in
a hundred throughout the North—New England
excepted—were Abolitionists when the war began,
but because the institution of slavery was local and
.would not yield to Federal authority, that the people,
anxious to become a nation for the first time in
their history, waged hostilities against their slave-
holding brethren with such vigour and pertinacity.
The triumph of the North is, in fact, a triumph
of the Revolutionists over the Conservatives. The
war was a war against the ideas, the principles, and

the policy of the colonial rebels who conquered Ame-
rican independence. Washington's Republic was rot
good enough for Mr. Charles Sumner, Mr. Wendell
Phillips, Mr. Henry Ward Beecher, and the Puritan
churches. In the same manner, but from a different
though concurrent reason, Washington's Republic
was not good enough for the active, presumptuous,
ambitious, and ill-informed ultra-Republican mul-

titude, who caught their inspiration from the discon- time reconstruction is fairly commenced enterprise
tented Red Republicans and Socialists of Germany will be quickened into new life, and, with its integ-
and France, as well as from the anti-Anglican Irish rity established, the only drawback upon the national
who swarmed into America at every tide, and con- prosperity, and the only stain upon the national es-
tinually leavened the mind of the North by their cutcheon removed, the great Republic will move for-
European notions. Having no idea of the constitu- ward again on its career of prosperity and honour,
tion on which the great fabric of American liberty scarcely staggered by such a struggle with a gigan-
rested, these immigrants gradually accustomed the tic rebellion as would have broken any other nation
Northern mind to receive with favour and encou- into fragments.
ragement the really un-American idea of a great and " You will perceive by the statement of the con-
indivisible nationality to extend over the whole con- dition of the Treasury on the Ist inst. that the Go-
tinent. As there was a British nation, and a French vernment circulation has not been diminished.
nation, why should there not be an American nation, Whether or to what extent this circulation will be
greater than either, to overcome the world by its reduced depends upon circumstances that cannot
superior power, and gather to its bosom the halt, now be clearly foreseen. I have been and am still
the lame, the blind, the starving of all other coun- of the opinion that it must be curtailed before a re-
tries, and convert them into free citizens of a coun- turn to specie payment can be effected ; but it cannot
try where every man has a vote, where there are no be denied that the course of the market for the past
kings and lords, and where the only true king is the month has been such as to justify a reconsideration
working man, who can command what wages he of the opinions which have been so generally enter-
pleases, or buy a farm for the merest trifle if so dis- tamed in relation to the inflation of the currency.
posed ?To achieve this object—to centralise the The increased demand for money which is the result
power so as to make the Union feared abroad—the of the diminution of individual credits may not have
North, using slavery as a convenient cry, fought the been fully estimated, and it may turn out that
battle of revolution against the South, and won it. no considerable reduction of paper circulation will
Pending the reconstruction of the Union the two be needed for the restoration of the specie basis.
systems and the two schools of ideas must struggle At all events, the Government will have no interest
for the ascendancy. If centralisation gain the mas- in retiring its direct issues if the desired object can
tery, and a foreign war be deliberately provoked by be obtained within a reasonable time without it.
both parties, with a view of cementing the restored " That any valuable interests are to be perma-
alliance of North and South, American libertyislikely neatly injured by a return to specie payments is
to become as much a thing of the past as the Southern hardly credible, and I cannot but think that your
Confederacy or the British Heptarchy. If, however, apprehension of disaster to the manufacturing in-
the cardinal doctrine of "State Rights," disembar- terests of Pennsylvania as the result of it are with-
rassed for ever of the disturbing influence of slavery, out reasonable foundation.

" The general tariff policy is, I apprehend, settled
by our national debt. The discussion of it, there-
fore, at the present time is unnecessary. That the
present tariff needs revision is undoubtedly true.
This revision it will receive by the commission which
is to be appointed to revise the revenue laws, from
whose labours I anticipate the best results.
" The necessities of the Government will give to
our manufacturing interests all the protection they
will require to shield them from destructive foreign
competition ; and before the close of the present
Administration I confidently expect to see these in-
terests more prosperous than they ever have been.
What recommendations I shall make to Congress
upon the tariff question I am not now prepared to
say. I expect to be able to endorse the bill that
shall be prepared by the:commission, and shall be
disappointed if this bill does not harmonise our
foreign and internal duties, and produce a revenue
which shall be sufficient to meet the interest on the
public debt, and gradually reduce the principal
without being oppressive to the people.
" In conclusion, permit me to say that I see no
cause for discouragement in the present or prospec-
tive condition of the country. Our national debt
is large, but our national resources are sufficient to
carry it without embarrassment. While it would
be foolish to call it a national blessing, it may be so
managed as not to be a national calamity, and in
the worst view that can be taken of it it is a small
matter in comparison with the inestimable value of
the Union, in the maintenance of which it has been
created.—l am, very truly yours,
" M'CULLOCH.
"Mr. H. C. Carey, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."
Naval and Military Intelligence.

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The Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief will
hold a levee at 1 o'clock on Wednesday, the 3d May.
Further experiments with reference to the trans-
portation of troops and horses by railway were
made at the Farnborough-station, on the South-
Western line, on Friday, in the presence of Lieut.-
Gen. Sir J. L. Pennefather, K.C.8., commanding
the division at Aldershot; Colonel Herbert,
Assist-Quartermaster-Gen. ; Major-Gen. Hodge,
commanding the Cavalry Brigade ; Col. Phill-
potts, C. 8., commanding the Royal Horse Artil-
lery, and other officers. The .experiments were
under the direction of Col. Herbert, and on this
occasion were carried out by D and F troops of the
Royal Dragoons, under the command of Col. Rad-
ford. Thirty-six men of the D and 32 of the F
troop, with a corresponding number of horses of

each troop, were engaged, the first object being to
ascertain the time which would be occupied in trans-
ferring the men and horses to the train completely
equipped for service. On arriving at the railway
station the men dismounted, relieved the horses
of their bridles, removed the carbines, and
divested themselves of their accoutrements. They
then led their horses to the trucks and re-
versed the position of the animals, after which
they resumed, their accoutrements, and took
their places in the carriages. On leaving the
train they again divested themselves of their
accoutrements and led the horses from the trucks.
This accomplished, they re-armed, mounted,. and
formed line. The same operations were then re-
peated, with the exception of reversing the horses
in the trucks. Twelve horses were transferred to
two trucks and the•men seated in the carriages in
ten minutes, but the trial was unfavourable in some
respects, and under ordinary circumstances would
be accomplished in less time. The next experiment
was with a view of ascertaining the time which
would be occupied by the cavalry in having the
train completely equipped and ready for service.
This was accomplished in six minutes by the F troop
and seven minutes by the D troop, who were under
a slight disadvantage by being further removed from
their horses. The experiments, which were consi-
dered very satisfactory, concluded with the weigh-
ing of an average trooper and horse. Their com-
bined weight was ascertained to be 13icwt.
Nos. 22 and 24 troops of the Military Train will
arrive at Aldershot from Liverpool on Saturday next.
The 74th Highlanders will arrive at the camp at
Aldershot early next month, from Edinburgh, and
will be quartered in the South Camp.
The headquarters and five companies of the 69th
(South Lincolnshire) Regiment, under the command
of Colonel Mackirdy, arrived on the North Camp,
Aldershot, yesterday evening, from Gosport.
The 83d Regiment, under the command of Lieut.
Col. Hankey, left the North Camp, Aldershot, last
evening for Sheffield, per special train on the South
Eastern and Midland Railways. Five companies of
the regiment are detached for Weedon, whither
they will proceed this morning. Prior to their leav-
ing the camp the regiment was inspected by Major
General David Russell, C. 8., commanding the 3d
Brigade, who expressed his great satisfaction at the
conduct and general bearing of the regiment during
its 12 months' stay in the camp. The strength of the
seven companies for Sheffield is as follows :-26
officers, 37 sergeants, 442 rank and file, 14 drum-
mers, 51 women, and 61 children. The journey was
to be broken at Warwick for one hour for refresh-
ments. The strength of the Weedon detachment is
as follows :—Major Venables in command, 11
officers, 15 sergeants, 271 rank and file, 9 drum-
mers, 34 women, 36 children; and one horse.
The members of the Ordnance Select Committee
of Woolwich Arsenal, !comprising Capt. L. G.
Heath, C. 8., R.N., vice-president ; Col. C. Hogge,
R.A., C. 8., Col. Younghusband, F.R.S. ;
Lieut.-Col. T. L. J. Gallwey, R.E. ; Lieut.-Col. R.
S. Baynes, Capt. H. Heyman, R.A., secretary, and
Capt. K. W. Haig, assistant-secretary, assembled
at the proof butt in the Plumstead Marsh yesterday
morning, at 11 o'clock, and resumed the preliminary
test to which the experimental wrought-iron gun
carriage and slide made after the designs of Lieut.-
Col. Shaw, are ordered to be subjected. The car-
riage was mounted, as on the former occasion, with
the " Big Will," from which ten rounds were fired
in succession. The first eight consisted of car-
tridges of 601 b. of powder and 5141 b. shot, and the
last two charges were increased to 701 b. of powder
and 5591 b. shot. The firing was witnessed by a
large number of Generals and other officers. After
each round the carriage and appurtenances were
carefully examined and searched, with eview of de-
tecting any signs of weakness or defect, and each
time with the most favourable results. Not witstand-
ing the terrible shock occasioned by the heavy
charges, the carriage resisted with admirable effect.
The average amount of recoil was found to be 4ft.
7in. in the eight rounds, and sft. 11-in. with the"
increased charges. The carriage and gun will be,
forthwith forwarded to Shoeburyness., to complete
the destined trial at an elevated range.

The crew of the screw steamship Revenge, 73,-

Capt. the Hon. F. A. C. Foley, at Devonport, will
probably be paid off on Wednesday, and she will be
placed among the steam reserve in Hamoaze.
Instructions have been received at the office of
the Lieut.-Governor o! Portsmouth from the Horse
Guards, directing that a trial shall be made of Com-
mander Fred. Warren's cooking pot, with a view to
ascertain its suitability !or cooking the rations of
men in barracks, and also on active service in the
field, the Assist-Quartermaster-Gen. of the district
being also ordered to prepare a report upon the same
for the information d his Royal Highness the
General Commanding-in-Chief. The chief features
of this new system of cooking and the merits claimed
for it by its inventor tre :-1. That it saves time,
waste, and trouble. 2. That the meat is cooked in
its own juices, and without immersion:or contact
with water, as in the ordinary form of boiling ; 3.
That a saving of 3oz. in the pound is effected in the
weight of the meat, and that its nutritive qualities
are 30 per cent. higher than those of meat cooked
in the ordinary way. 4. That no attention is re-
quired beyond allowing the time for the pot to re-
main on the fire, and that, therefore, the men's
dinners cannot be spoiled by any want of attention
from the cook. Commander Warren's ccoking pot
resembles in its arrangement, more than anything
else we know of, a carpenter's glue-pot. It consists
of a pot within a pot, the outer pot being fitted
with a lifting flange to allow of the escape of surplus
steam.

The following appointments have been made at
the Admiralty :—Lieut. G. S. Brown, to the Cam-
bridge ; F. Inglis, master, J. Sanders, chief engi-
neer, and J. Hopwood, assistant engineer, to the
Asia, for the Minotaur ; R. Widdecombe, assist.-
engineer, to the Indus, for the Scorpion ; W. Stan-
ton, master, to the Seringapatam ; Geo. Roe, engi-
neer, to the Frederick William ; F. G. Julian, en-
gineer, to the Indus, as supernumerary ; W. P.
Guyer, engineer, to the Donegal, for the tenders ;
and John Wood, assistant-engineer, to the Indus,
for hospital treatment.