The Sun.
London, England, 1862-07-30 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, EVENING, JULY - 30, 136.1

during the last thirty years, of the
North Riding of Yorkshire. Three of the
old seats, so long left unoccupied in consequence of
bygon 1, bribery and corruption, have, moreover,
during the present session been filled up once more
—one of them by the election of Sir JOHN HAY, as
member for the borough of Wakefield; the re-
maining two by the return of the Hon. C. BER-
KELEY and Mr. J. POWELL, the barrister, as col-
leagues in the representation' of the city of Glou-
cester. Five seats are transferred from old to new
members, in consequence of the former having
resigned. Among these resignations the Liberal
party muse still look back with regret to one,
namely, to the withdrawal into private life of Mr.
W. J. Fox, late M.P. for Oldham, and in his time
one of the most gifted orators of the Anti-Corn

Law League.
A single vacancy only, out of the Sixteen, is attri-
butable to tne advancement of the late member
.
from the Commons to the Lords upon the demise of
his patrician father—this solitary instance being
that of the late M.P. for Great Grimsby, Lord
WORSLEY, now the Earl of YARBOROUGH. Imme-
diately upon his lordship's removal to the House of
Peers in succession to his progenitor, then recently
deceased, it can hardly yet be forgotten how Mr.
HENEAGE, thisenplMac.eP(.afsorheLvi nacionllyn,
hdoroppepde)dasLtinhceoreln..
there-
presentative nassumetat his
of the Great Grimsby constituency.
Theerial candidate (Mr. CHAPMAN) being, however,
elected by preference by the undiscerning Great
Grimsbians ! And Mr. BRAMLEY MOORE having,
in the meantime, slipped in quietly to the vacated
seat at Lincoln. Su that poor Mr. HENEAGE was
left as completely in the lurch by his attempt at "a
rise" as the present Lord Mayor was last ses-
sion, when he threw up his constituency to
court the favour of the City of London. Mr.
CUBITT being consoled, however, for his Parlia-
mentary disappointment by his re election not long
afterwards to that civic chair which he has filled so
admirably well since the date of his first installa-
tion in it. A similar disappointment to that which
befel Mr. HENEAGE, befel also Col. LUKE WHITE
(late M.P. for the county of Longford), upon his
nomination by the Premier as one of the Lords of
the Treasury. After as sharp a contest in its way
as any that has been witnessed in Ireland for years
past, Major O'REILLY was preferred to Col.
WHITE by that excited constituency though
Major O'REILLY was no more than the gallant
leader of a miserably discomfitted Brigade
of Irishmen lately in the service of the
Pope, and certainly, to say the least of it all,
not of very much use to his HOLINESS—whiIe
Colonel WHITE had been until so very recently
M.P. for the county of Longford, and actually was
then one of the Lords of her MAJESTY'S Treasury! As
things fell out, however, as affairs happily chanced
tor Colonel LUKE WHITE, or—may we venture
to say it ?—as they were comfortably arranged
for him by the powers that be—Colone!
WHITE'S name having more favourably and cer-
tainly very appropriately on the tapes down at Kid-
derminster. Mr. BRISTOW, then M.P. for that
borougb, not unwillingly resigned it to accept the
remunerative office of Solicitor to the Admiralty—
whereupon the rfjected of Longford became the
, accepted of Kidderminster. Enough now if we
add to the foregoing analysis of these seven-and
twenty Parliamentary Changes that have actually
occurred since the close of the last session of Parlia-
ment, that Captain BUNBURY bas but very recently
resigned his seat as member for the county of Car-
low, and that though the writ has been since then
duly issued, his successor has not yet been returnee.

It will not be denied that Earl GREY did well in
calling attention to our change of policy in China.
Quite apart from all the political squabbles and
irritations connected with Chinese ware, we are in
constant danger there of serious leaks in our finance.
It is but too well verified that the indiscretion of a
public servant at that vast distance, may, especi
ally by incurring a repulse in some unwise attempt,
land us in a war, and a costly one, too, without
our knowledge. We very much question whether
the profit' on our trade with China have paid the
expenses of our wars there, even iwiluding the_ so
called indemnities paid by the Chinese. And of
these profits how small a portion have reached the
great body of taxpayers. A contemporary observes
that the only thing now requisite to bring on a
Chinese war is an attack on Shanghae by the Tae-
pings. A defeat we should never brook; and
although we have unquestionably provoked the
attack, yet we should forthwith send an army, from
India probably, and a fleet, to annihilate the Tae
pings.

We have, as Lord GREY observed, made a great
change in our policy. It may be a right one, but
it is so momentous—since it is so likely, compared
with the prior one, to embark us in costly undertak-
ings—that the country is entitled to understand it,
and express its opinion on it. Up to last March we
had enjoined on our authorities in China the
strictest neutrality between the Chinese bellige-
rents. Since that time the orders have been to
de end the treaty ports, and Shanghai especially.
Orders which our military and naval authorities,
in association with those of France, considered to
require our driving the Taepings from a semi-
circle of thirty miles distance around these ports.
It was this determination which necessitated the
capture of places from which the allied forces have
have had to fall back. Transferring the policy to
a civilised country, it would be the same thing as
our holding ports for trade in the Northern States
of America, while the Con federates were overrunning
adjacent parts, and aiding the Federals to repel
the Confederates should they approach. This
would sarely be pretty effective intervention, how-
ever disguised under the plea of protecting our
trade at the ports.
As China is but a semi•civilised country, we
may deal with her according to an international
law of our own making, or rather according to
the old Holy Alliance principle of putting down
external commotions in foreign countries for the
benefit of their Sovereigns. Still, little defensible
as our fighting is in theory, in China, there is but
one objection to it in practice—its being likely
to draw us into a larger war. Difficult as
it is to decide among the conflicting accounts
respecting the Taepings, we cannot doubt that
they are unable to establish, like the Confederate
States, anything worthy the name of even a pro-
visional Government, while it is certain that the
hordes who accompany them are no better than a
host of human locusts, destroying property, trade,
and life wherever they go. Tae inhabitants prefer
the old rule corrupt and tyrannical as the Man-
darins may be, and if we wish to maintain our
trade, it must be through the permanent Govern-
-1 raent, and not through a wandering mass of
marauding devastating rebels. Under these cir-
cumstances we do not, with present information, see
that
the Government could do much better than
forbid themto come near the ports set apart to
European t,„fa
the only point is to watch
jealously, gut.%
be not drawn into the war
with the rebele2T;
settled, so it is t() 28
.°llt
neither of these widely •
terfere without inflicting
to cure; and certainly America
to see China
'-olerrca at peace, but in-
dliterent cases can we in-
a great, .
r ants than we see k
not 'Without entailing
heavy

charges on ourselves. As to permitting our officers
to take service under the Chinese Government it is

about the greatest kindness we can do them. The
Chinese under European leaders make efficient
followers—as good as Sepoys.

PUBLIC MEETINGS TO UPSET THE
GAME ZAWS.

TO THE EDITOR Op TEE SUN.

SlR,—The unconstitutional bill now being inde-
cently pressed upon the House of Commons at the
close of the session shews the revival of the old Tory
serpent and the animus of that party. LI t Eng-
lishmen read the bill through with a determination
means of any strategy to have an
should
dGait passmeL byaw Society, and not rest till the whole
system is swept away. When members appear
before constituents to render an account, let electors
bear this nu -English private concerted bill in mind.

How was it contrived to pass it so very quietly
through the Lords (first). We want a national con-
vention to sit simultaneously during every session
and watch the introduction of unconstitutional bille,
to give the alarm and summon public meetings.
All honour to Sir George Grey and the members
who have denounced this nefarious scheme of " Cur-
few Bell."—Yours respectfully,

LATEsr NEWS.I

PARIS, JULY 30.
The Moniteur of this monair:g publishes de-
spatches from Vera Cruz, dated Ist imst. 1!

The health of the naval force on the Mexican
station was generally satisfactory. The hospital
transport Amazon contained only 12 patients suffer-
ing from yellow fever. Unfortunately, M. Rideau,
the principal medical officer, and Surgeon Gaymard,
were dead, having fallen victims to their devotion.

The avi®o Marceau had captured a Mexican cor-
vette.

Despatches from General Lorencez, to the 24th
ult., from Orizaba, give detailed accounts of the
fight of the 13th and 14th. Great heroism was
displayed by two companies of the 90th of the
Line, who beat and dispersed the corps of General
Ortega, inflictir,g upon him a loss of 250 men,
and taking three mountain howitzers, a tidg, three
guns, and 200 prisoners. The result of the combat
was the withdrawal of the Mexican army from
before Orizaba. The health of the force was
excellent.

The liloniteur also contains a notice of the
bravery displayed by the French troops in China.

FRANCE.

BOURSE, July 29.—The market continues firm,
and with even a slight improvement on yester-
day's closing prices—Threes, for the Account,
being now at 68r. 80c., with a fair amount of
business doing. [he Rai
been also animated wii
maintained. The market
the close, and left off as
11 per Centb....... 97 60
Do end ►uonth..,.
3 per Cents
1)0. end month 68 90
New 3 per Cents
Do end month....
Nlobther , 840
rm. end month.... 838 7.5
RAILWAYS.

ilway Share Market has
,h previous prices well
continued to improve to
lollows :
Bank Shares 3180
Credit konmer 1180
Pieriniontest Fives 71 90
Italian Loan 72 40
Roman
Austrian
Apani,h Threes 5Ol
Opine Debt

Cash. Account..
Orleans lOl5 .. 1011 25
Northern
New ditto
Lyons and 11,1 edit(erranean 1096 25 .. 1098 75
GPLAva
Southern
Western
Eastern ... ,
89 Mini an 368 75 .. 370
Austrian
Lon.bard

JOURNEYMEN RAKERS.

Mr. Tremenheere was instructed last year, by the
Home Se etetary, to investigate the nwure of the
complaints made by the journeymen bakers of the
metropolis concerning the circumstances ad verseto
health under which their labour is carried on, and
to report whetoer their ;;-rievances might be re-
moved or mitigated by legislation ; and he has now
made his report. That there is ground for the com-
plaints is well known. The bread of London is
generally made in what is in most houses the kitchen
and the coalhole ; the temperature ranges from 75
deg. to 90 deg. ; here the journeyman baker has to
work nearly ad night, and many hours of day work
in the shop or abroad. In a large proportion of
the bakehouses the ventilation is very defective,
and many are in an extremely dirty state. Some
are infested with vermin. The space between the
rafters will often be found almost covered with
masses of cobwebs weighed down with accumula-
tions of flour dust, and frequently falling into the
dough. 'i hese places are often sd close to the drains
that they smell very badly. The bread must during
the process of fermentation get impregnated with
the noxious gares surrounding it. The public
have a right to insist that their bread shall not be
made in such filthy places, and that means be taken
to put a stop to the injury that 'oust be caused to
the health of the men. Night-work in such a tem-
perature is especially unsuitable for young persons,
and Mr. Tremenheere recommends that no youth
under 18 years of age be allowed by iaw to be em-
ployed in a bakehouse later than 9 p.m. or earlier
than 5 a.m. This would be little more than extend-
ing to them the protection which magistrates would
give them if they were apprenticed and required
to work both in the night and a considerable part
of the day. It is further proposed that the Legis
lature should give the sanitary inspector some
power over the condition of the premises in regard
to ventilation and clean;iness, and that the Act for
preventing the adulteration of articlesof food should
be made more effectual. The use of alum prevails
very extensively in the lower branches of the trade,
and is highly iujutious ; and flour is made less
nutritious by an wimnoure of barley-meal, tice,ann
Indian corn. The prevention of these adulterations
would put an end to the trade of those undersellers
who now live by defrauding the public and by get
ling 18 hours' work out of their men. These trea-
sures would do much, and it may be much also wilt
be done by the introduction of machinery. Even
under the most favourable conditions the process of
bread-making is such that no one would wish to
witness it a second time. "Even on a cold day in
November," says Mr. Tremenheere, "in a large and
cool bakehouse on the level in an open yard, I saw
the perspiratiou drop'. ing from the face of the men
into the dough ; what must it be in warm weather
in the small, c,ose, hot bakehouses undo ground?
There is probably no art which in a civilised coun-
try has remained so long in a primitive state as that
of bread-making. Machinery is now being intro-
duced for mixing the dough without manipulation ;
and in Dr. atuglish's process for making unfer-
mented bread the whole of the work is done by
machinery, without the hands coming into contact
with the bread at all. Tne whole process is per-
formed in a quarter of the time at present required ;
there is no flour dust for the men to inhale; the
bread is more nutritious, and the saving by preven-
tion of waste is most enormous. The time may
come when this handicraft may be turned into a
manufacture.

VARIETIES.

(From Fun.)
YANK EE NOTIONS.
NEW WORDS TO AN OLD Am.
I sing first of the officers,
M'Clellan, never funky,
Who druv' right back the rebel curs
Across the deep Paniunkey :
That is, he would have druv' em back,
And gained both fume and pelf, sirs,
But a little matter stopped him,—he
Was druv' right back himself, sirs!
Bow wow wow 1

That's the way !hat victories are won just now!
And whilp, the foe with fearful hearts,
The river banks till' r,en on.,
Ile took their standards, baggage-carts,
Shot, powder, shell, and cannon :
That is (and here my song, I own,
Some explanation begs, sirs)—

He would have ta'en their artn,—if he'd
Not taken to his legs, sirs!
Bow wow wow I

That's the way that captures are effected now !

. He then swooped swift on Richmond down,
With generalship moss, glori,.us;
By fierce assault he took the town,
And so becarnevictot ions :
That is, he meant advancing, but
He round himself retreating,
So it wowd have been a victory,--if
It had not been a beating I
Bow wow wow !
These are the strategictrts in vogue just now I
A DICTIONARY OF MILITARY TERMS.
VERY USEFUL TO THOSE WHO READ THE AMERICAN

ACCOUNTS OF THE WAR.
For Strategic EL as ,ns —Becausg you can't help it.
A. Masterly Backward Movement.--Running away as
bald as you can.
A C'ever Flank Manceuvre.—Allowing the enemy to
outfl 'At you.
Rel uls,ng the Enemy will Loss —Bolting from them,
and allowing your guns, &c , to fall into their hands.

TRADE REPORT.
Sugar.—A. sweet business was transacted in this market
to-day. Nobody was done brown ; tut, candidly speaking,
sales were effected by :he lump. There were no loafers
about.

Coffee.—There were no grounds for complaint in this
department, for there seems to have been an advance of Is.
per cwt., Ind 4,000 bags got the sack ; Miller, Grinde, and
Co., being the principal buyers.
Rice.—At the early part of the day a great deal of deri-
sive chaff was blown about among buyers, which rather
went against the grain; towards the close of the market
rice gradually rose and remained firm.
Tallow.—The imports from Greece and Wicklow were
considerable; the demand, however, was quiet, scarcely
realising prices of last candlemas. The market snuffed out
at 47-9 to 48 on the spot.

A HINT ro tt THE PUBLIC —Never give a high price for
a horse that has come from Birmingham, for he is sure to
have seen hard-ware,

REAL INN-DEPENDENCE.—Living at an hotel as long
as rat like, and going hway without paying the bill.
LATEST FROM BEER SHEBA.—The .3roming Advertiser
announces the presentation of a desert service to Sir James
Outram. Has Sir James, then, come home as a deserter I
or is this a pun from our beery contemporary ? If so, it is
a most Outra-geou-i attempt.
A GOOD INVESTMENT —Lord Derby has nobly subscribed
£l,OOO to the Cotton Districis Relief Fund. " His party'
cantle', do better than play out their old game of "follow
my leader."

LATEST TELEGRAM The Federals have entered Rich-
tnond in force, as General lellan said they should, and
have established their commissariat at—the Star and Garter.
Wilt the Act of arliarnent called "The Untawful Oaths
(Ireland) Act Continuance Bill," recently passed, throw
any light upon the brutal ou rages now too common in that
unhappy country ? We are often made awate of unlawful
oaths being taken in Ireland (and in Engl,..nd too, for that
matter), but never knew before that such things were of
that paramount imponanoe as to have an act of Parliament
passed for their continuance.
A GREAT IMPROVEMENT IN WESTMINSTER.—" The
Most Noble the ntrquis" has given £l,OOO for the relief
of the poor sufferers in the cotton districts!

SALE OF SOMERLF.IGHTON. —We understand
that Mr. Frank Crossley, M.P., has purchased from Sir
S. Morton Peto the mansion and estate of Somerleighton,
near Lowestof , Suff ,ik. We believe that one of the ob-
jects of Mr. Crossley in making this purchase is to provide,
in conjunction with his brothers John and Joseph, by a
charge upon the Sonierleighton estate, for the endowment
of the Crossley Orphan School and Rome, Skircoat Moor,
near Halifsx—a splendid institution now in course of erec-
tion at the cost of the three brothers.—Leeds Mercury.
THE ELECTRIC AND INTERNATIoNAL TELE-
GRAPH COMPANY.—At a meeting of the board of directors
of this compauy he d yesterday it was resolved to recom-
mend to the proprietors, at the gen-rol meeting to be held
on the sth of August, to confirm a dividend of £3 10s. per
cent. for the last halt-ye Ar.
parli onentazy return just is-ued that from
GOLD, SILVER, AND COPPER COINAGE.—It ap-
Ix ars from a
1852 to 1861 inclusive, thole were 13,403,832 o .956 oz. 4
goi
c.l oilied at the Royal Mint
into 52,385,860 sovereigns
and oz. of gold into
'
and 14,773,863 halt eovete'ggna:'
1,89'
In, the acme period thete were coined 16,471,352 a u-rinQ,
--
23,937,475 shillings, 20,048,996 sispences, 1,849,574 g
41,540 fourpences,
16,420,756 three ences, (59 r"atBY
penny-pieces, 89,642,781 halfpence, P 29' 12 )112,864
things.
and ) 2,516 far,.

LAW-THIS DAY.

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.
(Before Mr. omniissiooer Hotroyd )
THE PATENT PIPE COMPANY.

An adjourns d motion stood on the paper for to-day for
the purpose of winding up the affairs of this company, but
was further adi,urried sub silentio, it being understood .hat
an arrangement W,,IS likely to be tffectel.