The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-04 00:00:00

ROSES.

Class 10-36 Roses distinct varieties, one truss of each—
£3, Messrs. Paul and Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt.
Class 11-24 Roses, distinct varieties, single blooms—
£2, Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough.
Class 12-18 Roses, distinct varieties, singlo blooms
(Amateurs only)—L2, Mr. A. Moffatt, gardener to Vis-
count Maynard, Easton Lodge, Dunmow.
HOLLYHOCKS.

Class 13-12 Hollyhocks in Spikes, distinct varieties—
Norwood.
£2 10s, Messrs. Paul and Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt.
Class 14-24 Hollyhocks, single bloom, distinct varieties
—42, Messrs. Paul and Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt.
ClasslEs—socinl.l,2yß)He_uloxlahly4h.hilo3lrkis:' single blooms, distinct varieties
(amateurs
Shorpe,
IL Smalls, gardener to W. J.
VERBENAS.

Class 16-24 Verbenas, distinct varieties, five trusses of
GLADIOLUS.
each variety—Ll, Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough.

Class 17—For the best collection—£2lox, Messrs, Youell
and Co., Great Yarmouth.

Class A—Collection of eight dishes, distinct kinds—£6,
Mr. A. Henderson, Trentham, Staffordshire.
Class B—Collection of six dishes, distinct kinds—.C4, Mr.
A. Henderson, Trentham, Staffordshire.

Class C—Pine Apple, Queen, single fruit—X2, Mr. W.
Chapman, Streatham-common.
Class D—Pine Apple, single fruit, any variety but Queen
—V, Mr. A. Henderson, Trentham, Staffordshire.
Class E—Grapes, boxes of 121 b weight—X3, Mr. J. Mere-
dith, Vine-cottage, Garston, near Liverpool.
Class F—Grapes, Black Hambro', three bunches—£l 10s,
Mr. J. Meredith, Vine-cottage, Liverpool.
Class G—Grapes, any other Black kind, three bunches—
£l 10s, Mr. W. Hill, gardener to R. Sneyd, Esq., Keele-
hall, Staffordshire.

Class H—Grapes, White Muscat, three bunches---£llos,
Mr. T. Frost, Preston-hall, Aylesbury, Kent.
Class I—Grapes, any other White kind, three bunches—
£l 10s, Mr. J. Wills, Outton-park, Tarporley, Cheshire.
Class J--Grapes, the largest bunch of any kind—£l, Mr.
J. Pottle, gardener to B. D. Colvin, Esq., Woodbridge.
Class K—Peaches and Nectarines, four dishes—£3, Mr.
A. Henderson, Trentham.
Class L—Peaches,one dish—£l, Mr. A. Henderson,
Trentham.

Class M—Nectarines, one dish-41, Mr. J. Monro, Rab-
ley Gardens, Barnet.
Class N—Melons, green-fleshed, single fruit—X2, Mr. R.
Webb, Cullam House, Reading. _ _

Class o—Melons, scarlet-fleshed, single fruit—Q, Mr. T.
Westbrook, Abingdon, Berks.
__

Class F—Figs, two dishes, 12 fruits each, distinct—£l
10s, Mr. A. Eman, gardener to Miss Troster, Epsom,
Class Q— Cherries, two dishes, in fifties—L2, Mr, T. Daw-
son, gardener to Earl Cowper, Panshanger.
Class It—Plums, three dishes, distinct kinds, 10 fruits
each—X2, Mr. S. Snow, gardener to Countess Cowper, Sil-
soe, Beds.

Class S—Apples, dessert, six dishes, distinct varieties, 12
fruits each—X2, Mr. T. Frost, Preston Hall, Kent.
Class T—Apples, kitchen, six dishes, distinct varieties,
12 fruits each—X2, Mr. R. Heather, Ember Grove, near
Kinston. •
Class U—Pears, six dishes, distinct varieties, 12 fruits
each—X3, Mr. C. F. Harrison, Oatlands Place, Weybridge.
Class V—Pears, three dishes, distinct varieties, 12 fruits
each—Xl 10s, Mr. C. F. Harrison, Oatlands Palace, Wey-
bridge.
Class W—Pears, single dish for weight-15s, Mr. T.
Frost, Preston Hall, Kent.
Class X—Pears, single dish, for flavour-15s, Mr. C.
Harrison, Oatlands Palace, Weybridge.
Class Y—Vines, in pots, four plants—X4, Messrs. H.
Lane and Son, Great Berkampstead.
Class Z—Miscellaneous—£l 10s, Messrs. H. Lane and
Son, Great Berkampstead (vines in pots).

CARDINAL ANTONELLI ON
_ECCLESI-

ASTICAL SPOLIATION.

Cardinal Antonelli has addressed the following
circular to the diplomatic body :

" Rome Aug. 6.

" The genius of rapacity which animates revolutionary
governments has at all times manifested itself, more or
less, by the war it declares against the Church, with a
view to rob it of its temporal possessions. To drive monks
from their cloisters in order to appropriate those buildings;
to confiscate ecclesiastical property, under the pretence of
its belonging to the state, to be arbitrarily disposed of—
such is the system pursued by governments framed on the
subversive principles of the revolution. Withthe misdeeds
of the governments which have preceded it, the conduct of
that government which, by an unjustifiable invasion and a
flagrant outrage against the immutable laws of justice, and
by trampling under foot the rights of their respective legi-
timate sovereigns, has subjected to itself several states of
Italy, thoroughly agrees.
" The arbitrary measures of that aggressive power, seiz-
ing on the property of religious establishments (treated by
it so hostilely and dispersed), furnished the subject of the
note which the undersigned Cardinal Secretary of State ad-
dressed in April, last year, to the hon. members of the dip-
lomatic body at the Holy See. That communication had
for its object the prevention of the inhabitants of the coun-
try as well as foreigners from purchasing any of the pro-
perty which the said government might offer for sale, by
warning them that all such purchases were null and void.
On that subject the undersigned pointed out how iniquitous,
as regards justice and honesty, the purchase of such pro-
perty would be. He afterwards mentioned the provisions
of canon law which, with a view to defend and render in-
violate the patrimony of the Church, visit with censure and
other severe punishments, both the usurpers of ecclesiasti-
cal property and all wbo in any manner assist or participate
in those sacrilegious spoliations. At the same time he ob-
served that every one had been warned against those pur •
chases by the solemn words of the Pope in the allocution
of the 17th December of the previous year, an allocution
in which his Holiness complained of and protested
against the projected sale of ecclesiastical property, and
loudly reproved and declared null and void all that
might be done by the usurping government, regardless of
the sacred rights and inviolable patrimony of
the Church, and to the detriment of the religious corpora-
tions and of their properties. From that declaration evi-
dently results the nullity and the absolute invalidity of the
purchase of property made by those who have usurped it
without any right.
" Since, however, in spite of the just protests of the
august Chief of the Church, the government which projected
that unjust spoliation persists in carrying it into execution,
and that in consequence it puts forward different plans for
effecting sales of ecclesiastical property, the undersigned
finds himself compelled to return by the present note to a
subject so much to be regretted, and once more to declare,
in the name of the Holy Father, that whoever shall con-
clude any contracts with the usurping government, touch-
ing ecclesiastical property, whether it be sold or let on lease,
or given as guarantee to the creditors of the said govern-
ment, or otherwise disposed of, will render himself an ac-
complice in attacks against the legitimate property of
another, and in a sacrilegious violation of the ecclesiastical
patrimony, and incur the canonical censures above alluded
to, and find himself liable to have all the contracts com-
pletely nullified conformably to the solemn warning above-
mentioned of the Holy Father, warning to which his Holi-
ness intends to give full confirmation. To that end the
Holy Father declares, in order that it may serve as a gene-
ral rule and close the door against any pretext, that the
religious corporations, ecclesiastical establishments, and in
general all institutions who are unjustly despoiled, that they
always retain their rights over the property taken from
them, and that the Church will never cease to claim the
restitution from their unlawful possessors.

"In addressing to your excellency, as well as to your
honourable colleagues, the present communication, the ob•
ject of which is above mentioned, the undersigned avails
himself, &c.,

"G. ANTONELLI."

CABMEN ON CAB-LAW.

(From Punch.) I.
The Cabmen of the metropolis, desirous only of obtain.
ing their just rights, and of obtaining them by legitimate
means, have abandoned the idea of a strike (on -Mr.
Punch's hint about licences), and new wish to act reason-
ably. They have therefore drawn up the following heads
of the Law, as they wish it to stand, and if public opinion
is with them, they hope to get the Cab-Act amended next
Session in conformity with the following memoranda :-
1. Free trade in cabs. Every driver to charge what he
likes.

2. Tradesmen in other departments stick one price on the
goods in the window and take another, and the Cabman
ought to be allowed to do the same.
3. No person to ask for a ticket.
4. No number or badge of humiliation to be worn.
5. No number to be affixed to the cab.
6. No Magistrate to hear a case against a Cabman unless
the complainant has at least four witnesses, and gives
security for costs.
7. No Cabman to be obliged to go in a direction contrail
to his wish.
8. No stranger to interfere in any dispute between a
Cabman and his fare.
9. No gentleman, or male person, to interfere, When
cabman has brought home ladies, and there is a differ° cu
as to the fare. be guilti of
10. Any person under-paying a cabman to
felony. cabnou to be
11. Any person using harsh language to a
guilty of misdemeanour. otablished, to sit
12. A court of retired cab drivers to be 0
ti, decision of such
hear any complaints by drivers, all.
court to be final. a wet or hot day, or on.
13. Treble fares to be allowed 00051 d court shall ordain.
a holiday, or at any other time the

wine is no
_.----=-----
.w....00.....f.Ag1a5s of
CHEAP AND GOODpro:;t7 0 the rich, goodfo
longer the exclusive persons with
wirii be
theenabled to take advantage of
very moderate incomes
excellent sherry at 18s per y,
the inducements held out by Vintage Wine comp=
ineludes other sherries, dozen.of high who are now suppiliog an
The trade of the a2PanY
and also a good sound Spanish port at 20s. per
character,
wines are really excellent.--City Press. [The
ee
dozen. The
referred to can be had
wines here only at the company's
offices, 14, 131001nOUry-strset.]

(From the Times' Correspondent.)
NEW YORK, AUG. 21.
Whatever may be the case at public meetings and
recruiting offices, Wall-street does not ardently
believe in the present good fortune or the future
prospects of the Republic. Yesterday and to-day
the air has been thick with rumours of disaster to
the army of General Pope. Stocks have gone down,
and gold has gone up, under the influence of evil
reports ; and, as Mr. Secretary Stanton and the
Military Supervisor of the Telegraph have not per-
mitted the transmission of any news that might
tend to allay public anxiety, rumour has had
the town to herself and made the most of
the opportunity. One or two things, how-
ever, have been made certain by the concurrent
testimony of letters from independent and uncon-
nected authorities received from the seat of war
during the last few days. The first series of facts
to be received as authentic is that General M'Clellan
has safely withdrawn his whole force—sick and
wounded, bag and baggage, stores and ammunition
—from Harrison's Landing to Williamsburg and
Yorktown; that he was neither harassed nor pur-
sued in the difficult operation ; and that he has
already commenced the evacuation of the Peninsula
and the transport of his forces to Fredericksburg to
co-operate with the army of Virginia under General
Pope for the defence of Washington. The second
series is that the Confederates were thoroughly
apprised of his plans—that if they did not attack
him it was not because they could not, but because
they would not ; that their object was to allow him
to get away southward from Richmond, while they,
by a sudden movement northward, bore down upon
Gen. Pope, with the hope of crushing him before he
could be reinforced either by Burnside or M'Clellan.
It is the fear that this operation, conducted by the
redoubtable " Stonewall" Jackson, has been success-
ful, which has filled New York with uneasy fore-
bodings. The friends of the South—who are very
numerous in New York, in spite of the Provost-
Marshal and Fort Lafayette, and who may be de-
tected without the utterance of a treasonable syllable
or wish, and simply by the unctuous gusto with
which they detail the news that seems to be un-
favourable to the Federal cause—believe that if
Jackson defeat Pope he will make an easy prey of
Burnside the next day, and of M'Clellan the day
after—on the principle of " one down, the other
come on ;" that this done, Washington will be at
his mercy, and that Mr. Lincoln and his Cabinet
will have nothing better to do than to take refuge
in New York while there is yet time for them to
escape—or, to use the favourite American slang of
the day, to " skedaddle." The friends of the North,
though not without misgivings, believe that Halleek,
who directs the new movements, and ordered the
retreat of M'Clellan, may be safely trusted to defeat
the bold strategy of Jackson ; and that if the worst
come to the worst, there will be a drawn battle for
the defence of the national capital. They argue
that the result of such a battle must be much more
favourable to the North than the South, because it
will allow time for the new levies to be brought
into the field, after which the combined armies of
Virginia and the Potomac, increased to 500,000
men, may march upon Richmond through the old
road of Manassas, and take it at their leisure.
But far more calculated to excite alarm than
even the news from Virginia is that which comes
from Kentucky and Tennessee. Mr. Lincoln needs
all the men he will raise under the new draught
for the retention of the Border States, and he
must levy, not alone 600,000 mercenaries by ex-
travagant bribes of bounty money, but a million
of stanch patriots, if he would bring the very " big
job" which he has undertaken to a successful close.
Kentucky has been invaded by the Confederates
at several points. General G. W. Morgan, of the
Federal army,—not to be confounded with the
dashing guerilla leader, General John Morgan,—
is sorely pressed in front and rear. Buell's rail-
road communication at Huntsville, Alabama, are
cut off, and the whole of the conterminous States
north of the 35th parallel of latitude swarm with
guerilla bands, well trained and mounted, and sup-
ported by the ardent sympathy and ready encou-
ragement of the people. Ohio and Indiana are
alarmed, and both are sending rapid reinforcements
to the support of the Unionists across the Ohio,
so that bloody events may be daily expected in
those rich but unhappy countries. In Tennessee
a body of Confederates, 900 strong, under a
guerilla leader named Woodward, have taken
the important town of Clarksville, at the con-
fluence of the Red River with the Cumberland,
and but 50 miles from Nashville, where Governer
Johnson, formerly a tailor and afterwards a
senator, endeavours to rule with as inflexible a rod
as Butler at New Orleans. There is also a report
that Fort Donelson— of which the capture by the
Federals in February last was the commencement of
a run of luck that now seems to have turned in
favour of the Confederates—has been abandoned as
untenable. The names of guerilla chieftains new
to fame are continually appearing in the journals,
each at the head of hundreds, and in some instances
of thousands of men. They take towns and vil-
lages not marked upon the maps, but which are re-
presented as thriving and populous, and valuable in
a strategic point of view, from their command of
important lines of railway communication. It is
palpable that hard work has to be done in this
region, and that all the efforts of Mr. Lincoln's Go-
vernment and Generals, and all the men he is in a
position to levy, will be needed to keep those States
in the Union, and that the boast of the Southern
President that he could protract the war for 20
years after the fall of Richmond was not uttered
idly, nor without a full knowledge of his mean/rinds
opportunities and the temper of the people.
h to
no wonder that Wall-street is alarmed, th
foreign eyes it is a wonder that Americo°aa:ene-
__.ate the
rally do not fully understand and apr-
teey are en-
magnitude of the contest in which
seem quite
gaged, and from which their own hatid
incompetent to extricate them.
...efortiter in re,
General Butler, having tried P`
t be recalled from
without any suaviter in mod°ed
by General Dix.
New Orleans, and to be suPer'°--,cever, that General
0
It is not to be assumed,
bb the Government has
Butler is in disgrace, altbesg
the gold at the office of
disapproved his seizured
ordered it to be restored.
the Dutch Consul, ae done all the good he can
The assumption if.; he ban that he is needed else-
do in the Gulf eig: peculiar genius in the eoer-
where to y displa
,„, It is even hinted that he may
cion of the 10.°1:—.governor of New York, in which
be made !Olt'
Vette will not be large enough for the
Fort Tompkins,
inmates Fort
be send to it ; and
osipleted, and looking
inmates
at its sister Bastille
nearly c
fopposite shore on Staten Island, will have
rorn prepared
with all haste for the accommoda-
tion U'of the countless rebels whom he can pick up in
Broadway, if he has a mind to be severe. New
York has as yet felt none of the miseries of the war,
but if General Butler be appointed to supersede its
legal authorities it may fare hard with the men of
the Empire city, to say nothing of the ladies; and
both may learn to their sorrow, that a dress parade,
flaunting banners, and martial music in Broadway
are but one side of the war medal, and convey no
idea of the gloom and horror of the other.
All the contractors--saddlers, harness-makers,
sutlers, shipbuilders, gun manufacturers, powder
millers, ironfounders, army clothiers, and shoe-
makers, provision and cattle dealers,—in fact, all
the nouveaux riches who have profited by the war
and {r. Chase's illimitable paper issues—from five
cents upwards—are exceedingly anxious that hosti-
lities should continue, and consequently that volun-
teering, rather than the draught, should fill up the
ranks of the old Army of the Potomac and form
two or
three new armies of double the number.
That enormous bounties—Federal, local, and indi-

iN EWS PA I' E il'
...-....
Lvidual—should not attract a 811ifidi t'frOl*ttOPlCin'i,,f
-,... :' ',:, • 4: AA
tract the war for another year w‘niltZ,o`.highiart;-,',..?„.
jurious to the proipects of these ge. -t-elf:''satiiiti-i'.". -;"
that a conscript should be allowed t o ft wat S
voluntary exertions had failed to accomplish would
be equally unfavourable to their hopes; for the
certain effect of a conscription in a country whteh
is in no danger from a foreign foe is to inclin e
men's thoughts to peace. The result of these feel-
ings throughout the North has been to give a great
impetus to voluntary enlistment. Bounties have
gradually increased from 150 dollars to double, and
in some localities to treble that amount, and those
among the rich who have not acquired fortunes by
war contracts, and who fear that an impartial con-
scription may force them from their homes to share
the unwelcome perils of the fled, have exhibited a
liberality that may be called either patriotic or selfish
at the option of the critic, and offered inducements
of huge pecuniary amount, with the hope of render-
ing a conscription unnecessary. Meetings are daily
held in every great town in the North with this:
view, and the result already appears to he that the
first draught of 300,000 men will be obtaixed at a
cost of something like £5O a head, partly at the
expense of the Federal and State Goveinment and
partly at that of cities, corporations, and individnals;
and that in some districts where labour is not in
great request, and where rich men, or perhaps men
who are both timid and rich, are amorous, the
quota of the second, or compulsorf 300;000; will.
also be filled by volunteerii:* The first draught will
thus cost £15,000,000 sterling!, irrespective of pay
,
and appointments; 'and the seCen d, if the immense
exertions of the rich are successful in preieriting
the infliction and..scandal 01 a dringht, will certainly
cost a much larger, sum. Fifty,poinias down, good
pay while the war:lasts, a merry lir.-',if a Short
one,—these are the inducements, fiavour'ed with a
spice of glory, and witliinuch "buncombe"_ about
the " stars and stripes,'".and the 'future destinies .of
our great and invincible Republic, pre-ordained to
rule the world and toredude Etigland to her natura.
position of a third rate Power, which` are held out-
to the youth and middle-age of America. The prin-
cipal recruiting officers for these new levies, in
addition to the almighty dollar, which is the main
agent, are Archbishop Hughes and Generals Sickles,
Meagher, and Corcoran. All of these, by a remark-
able coincidence, are as violently anti-British as
they are violently pro-Federal. Archbishop Hughes
shares the theological as well as political hatred
of the Irish Roman Catholics towards Great Britain,
and blows the war blast with no uncertain note in
that direction. General Sickles is the person who
a few years ago, when attached to the United States'
Legation in London, refused to drink the health a
the Queen at Mr. Peabody's table. From this little
incident his animus against Great Britain may be
inferred. General Corcoran is the person who,
when the Prince of Wales was in this country, re-
fused to turn out with his company of militia to do
his royal highness the honour that everybody else
was anxious to bestow. From this episode in his
caree his animus may also be inferred with equal
certainty. General Meagher is " Meagher of the
Sword," who shared in the dangers of Mr. Smith
O'Brien's revolution, and is a gentleman who bates
England in proportion to the mercy extended to
him on that occasion. With the dollars of contrac-
tors and others to aid them on the one side, and the
fear of the conscription on the other, these four in-
fluential persons have wrought to good purpose
within the last 10 days; and members of the Go-
vernment at Washington have been known in the
unguarded moments of social and convivial inter-
course to congratulate themselves and the country
on the good luck that not only sent Archbishop
Hughes from London and Colonel—now General—
Corcoran from long captivity at Richmond, to aid
them so opportunely, but that permitted Generals
Sickles and Meagher to be simultaneously available
for stirring up the Irish. Altogether the prospects
for another million of men to be cast into the de-
vouring maw of the War Demon are brighter than
they were a fortnight ago, and the inevitable end,
so far as American agencies are concerned, is ad-
' ourned sine die.

EXIBAORDINARY ROBBERY FROM A
LOAN OFFICE.

(From the Liverpool Mercury.)
William Lewis, the young man remanded on the
charge of being concerned in the robbery of £219
in gold from the office of the Liverpool Loan and
Investment Company, Duke-street, and Ann Jones,
his aunt, also remanded on the charge of receiving
part of the money knowing it to have stolen, were
again brought up. Mr. Superintendent Kehoe,
stating that the young fellow Thomas had not been
apprehended, asked that the prisoners might be
further remanded. He also informed the magistrate
that an officer of the London police had been dis-
missed in consequence of not having apprehended
Thomas when he had an opportunity of doing so.
As this statement requires some little explanation,
it may be mentioned that a few days after the rob-
bery took place Mr. Kehoe received information
from the metropolis that a person answering the
description of the young man forwarded from Liver-
pool was then staying at the Tavistock Hotel,
Covent-garden, and was passing under the name of
Trevor. Mr. Kehoe immediately telegraphed to
London requesting that an active intelligent officer
might be sent to the Tavistock to apprehend Mr.
Trevor, at the same time forwarding, for his gui-
dance a correct and most minute description of the
gentleman " wanted." It should be stated that a
day or two after the robbery the detective police of
Liverpool intercepted a telegram from Thomas, sent
Tavistock Hotel, and
to his mother—the female prisoner—informing her
of Trevor, and directing
that he was staying at the
had assumed the name
Trevor
her to give
money" Bill - mteoa ni
takeng the
there was not the slightest
Lewis sufficientptorisLononer-
don ; so that there
doubt that/1,03as the Liverpool thief, were one
at the Tavistock,
and Thomas
and the same person.
According to Mr. Kehoe's
opposed intelligent officer was sent to
the
requesthot,el for the a
purpose of apprehending the
There he found the so-called Mr. Trevor
with a young man from Manchester.
sincocounwdorsety
The manner in
which the functionary went about
08.
~i 0 business certainly does not exhibit much acute-
;oBo on his part. He saw at once that Thomas was
the fellow he wanted, went up to him, and inquired
if his name was Trevor. The thief said it was, and
the officer then told him that he wanted him for a
robbery of £219 at Liverpool. With the greatest
effrontery Thomas replied, " Oh, you are mistaken,
officer ; I am Captain Charles Trevor, residing near
Llandudno." The detective told him if he was
Captain Trevor he had a message to apprehend him.
" My good fellow," said Thomas, " I assure 3 on you
are mistaken; bit I don't blame you for trying to
do your duty. What will you have to drink ?"
Mr. Detective took some porter, remained drinking
for some time with Thomas and his friend, and at
length departed from the hotel, leaving the young
men there puffing their cigars. When he was gone
Thomas told the young man that he had purposed
going to the Exhibition, but he thought he should
not go then, and Wished him good night also tell-
ing him he might see him in the morning, or he
might not see him again for ten years. Thomas
then proceeded to a barber's shop, and was there
divested of his moustache and a slight hirsute ap-
pendage to his chin, and nothing has since been
heard of him. Under these circumstances the police
officer—a sergeant of detectives—was very properly
dismissed. The prisoners were remande.

OUR DUCAL HousEs.--With the exception of
those two ducal titles which have been won by a Churchill
and a Wellesley respectively, and to some extent at least, a
few others which owe their existence to King Chatles IL,
the rest of the titles which stand in the highest rank of our
nobility are mostly the tesult of the fusion of two, three, or
more fortunes together by the marriage of heiresses, Thus
the proud Dukedom of Norfolk has absorbed into itself the
castle and broad acres of fife Fitzalans, Earls of
Arundel, and the Duke of Richmond has added a large
Scottish rent-roll to his English estates, through his
grandmother, the heiress of the Dukes of Gordon ;
thus, the noble house of Buckingham (we speak of half
a century ago), had grown great in the same way, by
the addition of the Temple to the Grenville property,
and, subsequently, by absorbing the inheritance of the
princely Chandos, and that of the old Earls Nugent; the
Duke of Bucclench has united in himself, by a similar pro-
cess, the wealth of the Queensberries, the Douglassos, and
the Moßtagues ; and thus, too, the Duke of Sutherlan f
d, o
more recent times, has incorporated together with the
ancient inheritance of the Levesons of Staffordshire and
the Gowen; of Yorkshire, the entire estates belonging to
two Scottish heiresses, who brought as their marriage
portions the lordship of nearly
the latter
the whole of two northern
and unable to digest a further
counties, those of Sutherland and Cr°lnartY* Indeed, so
vast has been the absorbing process ill
mostous aemply endowed, in the
ease, that,
has thrown off two
as if sated with its wealth,
youngersupply, teahodeltasbtr-annacmhesed,
eacdnoalb
persons of the Earl of 011eamere and Earl Granville.—
' Once a Wolk

THE SUN.
LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPT. 4, 1862.

In the midst of all our bitter anxieties in regard
to the Cotton Famine in Lancashire, it is curious to
note the splendour of the Festivities which have just
taken place in one of the most distressed localities
in that county Palatine. The operatives have long
been thrown out of employment by hundreds—in
consequence of the unavoidable closing of the local
factories. These factories being closed for the simple
reason of their lack of the raw material—no longer
supplied to them from the blockaded coasts of the
Confederate States of America. The impoverish-
ment, therefore, already long noticeable among the
industrial population of Preston has been something
quite deplorable. In many families it has for some
time past reached a stage bordering upon that of
destitution. All the pecuniary resources of that
systematically thrifty race of factory operatives,
have long ago been drawn upon, and for the
most part exhausted. That is to say, the
little funds laid aside by the more provident
among them periodically for years back have
been lifted from the savings banks and ap-
plied to the immediate purchase of the actual
necessities of existence. Superfluous articles of fur-
niture and apparel have been deposited at the pawn-
brokers. SubscriPtilns have been received for the
relief of those more deserving folks who have ap-
peared to be the worst off. Assistance both in money
and in kind has been applied both from far away and
from the immediate neighbourhood. And still the
failing funds and the increasing destitution have
together contrived to darken more and more the
prospect opening up, more or less gloomily, for all
Lancashire in the on-coming wintry perspective.

In the midst of all which anxieties Preston is sud-
denly holding high holiday. The mass of its popula-
tion has turned out into the streets in gala costume
either as spectators of, or partici • • pators in, a grand
festive demonstration. Yesterday and the day be-
fore were the dates set apart for this same
public
demonstration. The church towers were gay with
streamers. The church bells rang forth maul a
merry peel. The windows along both sides of the
principal thoroughfares were crowded with gaily-
clad lookers on. For hours an immense and varied
procession., carrying all sorts of emblazoned banners
and quaint insignia, passed along between the
double line of spectators. Preston in effect has • t
lug
been the scene of more than one demonstration sug-
gestive of holiday-making. It has this week 'wit-
nessed the laying of the foundation stone of its New
Town Hall—a building designed by Mr. G. SCOTT,
the eminent architect. And a noble structure it
when complete—costing
gives promise of Toying
in its erection some thirty thousand
Pounds al-
together—and comprising under its ample roof
a mercantile exchange, a public concert-room,
an assembly-room, suitable committee rooms, and
all the requisite offices for the corporation. No
wonder a pile like that should be calculated to cost
in the raising of it the sum of £30,000. No wonder
that towards the laying of the foundation stone of
such an edifice in the heart of a great manufacturing
borough like Preston, a procession such as wound
through the streets of the old town but two days
since, should have comprised within it, in members
of the different Masonic lodges alone, as many as
seven hundred! All the friendly societies in Pres-
ton turning out as well, and parading the streets
for many hours with flags and bands of
music—the men marching thus with wands of
office and bands and rosettes, numbering up
thousand upon thous and! Besides, the laying of
th© foundation stone of the New Town-hall of
Preston, that old town had other reasons for forget-
ting its sorrows for a while, for two or three days'
rejoicing. Upon the very morning of the day set
apart for the chief and ,central ceremonial, there
mere athletic sports upon the Moor for the working
men of Lancashire. During the evening there was
a"?"b Masonic Banquet, presided over by the
Mayor in .
the Corn Exchange. During the day

there were trials of steam ploughs, of reap-
ing machines, of mowing machines, and of
other field implements about four miles away
in some fields near Penwortham. These latter pro-
ceedings being apropos to the annual show (just
now taking place at Preston) of the Royal North
Lancashire Agricultural Society. In the Corn
Exchange, moreover, there was a Grand Concert—
the proceedings of which are to go towards the relief
of the existing distress at Preston and the adjacent
localities in that part of Lancashire—a concert in
which such attractive names appeared as those of
Madlle. TITIENS, Mr. SIMS REEVES, M. SAINTON,
and Madame LEIIMENS SHERRINGTON. The words
italicised in this last sentence will serve to "point the
moral and adorn the tale" of these otherwise appa-
rently ill-timed and incongruous rejoicings at Pres-
ton, in Lancashire. Most of the country magnates
were there to take part in the future proceedings
—conspicuous among them, being the Earl of
DEBBY, K.G., and his popular son and heir,
the Right Hon. Lord STANLEY. Merely to know
for certain that men like these are there at their
post of duty, in the midst of all these growing dis-
tresses in the manufacturing districts, is fraught
with encouragement and consolation. As the Autumn
advances and the Winter approaches, darkening the
prospects there in Lancashire, more and more de-
plorably, those who can help will do so, we
may be sure, not in the North alone, but through-
out England, and will help, too, confidingly and
cheerfully. Conscious of course the while, from
their mere knowledge of the magnitude of the
evil that has to be contended with, that their own
unaided efforts must no doabt prove wholly inade-
quate to the emergency. Yet, while painfully
conscious of that, aware nevertheless that, as the
grand old adage has it, GOD helps those who
help themselves !

Sir CHARLES WOOD'S intolerable wilfulness, for
we can hardly think it mere dulness and stupidity,
in his arbitrary dealings with Mr. LAlNG—will
ultimately do something towards abating the nui-
sance of governing, or administering the Indian
Government in England. When a man, like Sir
CHAS. WOOD, of notoriously inferior capacity—and
who but for his connection with a noble Whig
family, would assuredly never have reached a higher
post than a clerkship in the Government service—
overrides, by his dictum merely, such a man as Mr.
LAING, in the department of which the latter is a
master, and drives the troublesome superior from
office—it is time for Indian Reformers to open their
eyes. We observe iu the ablest Indian journal, that
the first saucy rebuke of the worthy baronet,—the
debate, and Mr. LAING'S letters not having yet
arrived—is calling forth severe condemnation at
Calcutta. They guess what Sir CHARLES will deem
mistakes, and chuckle, absolutely, over his supposed
blunders; and, as they have guessed correctly, we
may suppose they will have a second heartier laugh
when Sir CHARLES'S defence of them in Parliament
reaches them.

Thus the Friend of India says—" The vague an-
nouncement by Sir CHARLES WOOD to a deputation
of Preston operatives, that there is a deficit of a mil-
lion sterling in Mr. LAING'S Budget for the current
year instead of a slight surplus, has caused some
wonder and more amusement in Calcutta. In the
absence of all details in justification of a statement
calculated so seriously to affect the money market
for the time, it is not forgotten that the Secretary
of State for India made a precisely similar state-
ment this time last year which turned out to be
altogether incorrect, while he is somewhat notori-
ous for the inaccuracy of his own budgets. The
announcement is received accordingly with so
much incredulity in Calcutta as hardly to have
affected the price of stock. Mr. LAING must have
himself followed so close on the discovery of
this ' mare's nest' as it is called, that Sir CHARLES
would be soon put right as he was last year."
Again, the same journal asks—" Why is it that
the bearing of Sir CHARLES WOOD towards both
Mr. WILSON and Mr. LAING has been so insolently
irritating ? What is Mr. LAING'S offence that
pains have been taken with an air of superior intel-
ligence to lecture and tutor him, and to degrade
him in public estimation P Simply that he has
been honest as well as successful, that he has dared
to sneer at ' official priggishness,' to prefer the
real good of India to the interest of the civil ser-
v:ce and the prejadices of Sir CHARLES WGOD.
What Sir BARNES PEACOCK was in legislation and
Colonel DURAND in military administration, that
has Mr. LAING been in finance, and their fate has
been the same. Sweep them out of the path of the
Whig Secretary whose acts they dare to criticise,
whose insincerities and blunders they have the au-
dacity to expose, between whose mistakes and the
wrong such mistakes would otherwise do to India
they conscientiously interpose. Put in their place
men trained by years of subservient mediocrity,
withered by the despotic uniformity of a bureau-
cracy and all will go well with the Secretary of
State whatever may happen to India."
Here in England an old Indian reformer, Mr.
JOHN DICKENSON, has also spoken out, and has
shown not merely that Mr. LAING was certainly
right in the matter of account, but that it would
have been impossible for him to coerce the Indian
Board of Audit to pass his accounts with a disburse-
ment charged, for which no voucher could be pro-
duced, but " only an order of Sir CHARLES WOOD
to pass an entry." Lord ELGIN, we are sorry to
observe, has learned the lesson of obedience to a
member of the old Whig family clique, and has ac-
tually submitted Lord CANNING'S last and most
valuable Act on the Sale of Waste Lands, and the
Redemption of the Land Tax to Sir CHARLES WOOD!
Alreadyhe has in a great measure nullified it, and
engagements formed on the faith of Government
Acts at Calcutta, to the damage of Government
faith, will now be tampered with.
Mr. DICK-ENS"'
however, above alluded to,
introduces to public attention an abuse for which
Sir CHARLES I"(in is not responsible—at least
he will be so, only
for permitting its continuance
after attention is ca,-e
11 dto it. Spices have been
from of old a favourite subject of monopoly. The
Dutch used to burn them in the East, rather
then import too large a quantity, and so lower
s bad
the price; and something a is just now
practised in regard to one favourite condiment—
taluna—in India. It seemscarda that, for £1,600
a-year, as the the Govern-
mentvery highest profit,
farms the this valuable
whole growth o.f --
plant, at the Spot by far are
where the best
grown, to one Ina this
n• The Collector sells to
" Publican," as the Jews have
and Romans would
called him, Ist. The '
right to the whole crop ;
2d. The right of
compelling
in the grower to fit
it all respects for market; 3d. To take it
from the grower at the price fixed by the Go-
vernment Collector. That price is
£3O, for what
fetches, in London, with little cost for carriage,
£l5O at least ! 4th. The Publican has the -
right
to use his own weights and measures •
, and sth.
' Of having the estates watched and guarded by
armed peons, and of having any place searched
for secreted cardamums !

In our innocence we had really supposed that such
extravagant, unrighteous, and mischievous monopo-
lies had vanished with the Old Company, with
which this and many similar inventions began. Of

course the cardamum grower is a born smuggler, as
an Englishman would certainly be, were he in his
place, and is, therefore, trained to hate the Govern.
ment and to defraud it, if he can. But this is not
all. English coffee planters have settled near the
poor native cardamum grower, and, exclaim the
writer of the communication—" ' Look on this pic-
ture and on this !' The English coffee planter of
yesterday pays a tax of 4s. an acre on his full-
bearing land; he sells his crop to whomsoever he
pleases, or he exports it free to any part of the
world. Living and labouring side by side with him
in the same country is the native cardamum grower.
He is compelled to deliver up his whole crop, under
a penalty if he conceals an ounce; he is forced to
receive for it a fourth of its value : it is then charged
export duty. And this has been his treatment for
63 years, at a money-profit to the Government of
£320 a-year."
But this is not all. Mr. F. C. BROWN, the writer
of the letter to the Madras Government which
Mr. DICKENSON introduces by a preface, shows
that throughout export and import duties are ar-
ranged in favour of the Englishman, and to the
oppression of the native grower. Thus in the India
Customs Act of 1860, out of twenty-five articles
mentioned eighteen are declared free. But these
are all of English use, trade, and consumption. All
other non-enumerated articles pay 10 per cent. ad
valorem. Here is another specimen—it ought to
be read by us all:

" The complement of the Customs Act, namely,
the Indian import and export tariff, was published
nine months after in a notification, dated December
10, 1860. In the import tariff the dutiable articles
enumerated amount in number to 515, full 450 of
which, unknown by name to the Englishman, are
exclusively articles of native trade ! With regard
to exports, Schedule B of the Customs: Act first
enumerates 23 free articles, 17 of which are the
chief articles of English growth and trade. They
are sugar, rum, spirits, tobacco of all kinds, tea,
coffee, raw silk, cotton, wool, flax, hemp, jute,
hides and skins, books, maps, prints and works of
art, horses and animals, Rangoon and Eastern teak
of all kinds. In the export tariff of dutiable articles
the number enumerated is 165. In this list are
grain and pulse of all kinds, and about 40 others
which are really articles of food and native neces-
saries of life. Who starved in last year's famine ?
Was an Englishman stinted in a meal ?" And to
make all sure, a general clause lays an export duty
on every article of native produce not enumerated.

We will not detain the, reader with unwelcome
details. The general fact is that export duties,
when they press on natives only, are the rule in
India! What would be said of such a burden laid
on the commerce of England ? If such repression
of trade would create an insurrection here, how can
we think it does not gall the feelings of all in India
who are aware of it ? and the natives are keen
enough to percieve such partiality. here is a field
worthy of Sir CHARLES WOOD'S critical ingenuity.
In reforming all this he will do more good than in
driving his superiors from subordinate offices.

What the Italian Ministers are to do with GARI-
BALDI is still problematical. They affect to be still
solicitous to bring him to Open Trial before an
Extraordinary High Court of Justice. Yet that
they will actually venture to do anything of the
kind is almost beyond belief. If they want in the
most effectual way possible to stultify themselves,
they will follow precisely this very course. Cer-
tainly not otherwise.
It is related of our own modern VERRES—the
Right Hon. WARREN HASTINGS, Lord DAYLESFORD
that ought to have been—that in the midst of his cruel
and prolonged trial—a trial prolonged through
many years, and that yet, after the lapse of all
those miserable years, resulted only in his acquittal
—it is related of WARREN HASTINGS that, in the
midst of his Great Trial, the gifted and wronged
Pro-Consul, raising his voice and lifting his hands,
exclaimed one day to the assembled Lords and Com-
mons of England—" I gave you India—and this is
my reward !" As few, as simple, as overwhelm-
ingly unanswerable, might be the reproachful
words addressed in turn to his accusers by General
GARlBALDl—supposing those accusers afford him
the opportunity, by arraigning him at the bar as
one guilty of high crimes and misdemeanours. " I
gave you Italy," GARIBALDI might say : "I gave
you the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, I gave you
the hope of an United Italy and this is my
Reward !"

If they go no further than they have already
gone, the " powers that be" at Turin are even
now touched with a certain taint of the infamy of
ingratitude by the wounding of GARIBALDI and
by the simple fact of his imprisonment. It will be
well for them if they go no further. If they
bring the Hero to Trial and then do not punish
him, they will render themselves ridiculous. If
they bring him to Trial and then punish him—they
will complete their infamy, they will brand their
ingratitude indelibly upon the page of history
now turned—they will render inevitably their own
speedy humiliation. _ _ _

At the extraordinary Councils of Ministers held
on Tuesday last, the 2d inst., at Turin, two of the
Ministers present are said to have pronounced in
favour of an Amnesty. Besides the members of the
Cabinet, who were there assembled, there
were present Signori PALEOCAPA, ALFIERI,
D'AZEGLIO, TECCHIO, FARINI, DESAMBROIS,
and CASSIMI. Yet there were only Two who
had the courage, the wisdom, and the modera-
tion to pronounce, as we have said, in favour of
an Amnesty! It will be well for the fair fame, as
well for the ambition of King VICTOR EMMANUEL,
if his Majesty decides for himself in the emer-
gency. Let him by a royal act of grace pronounce
the mandate, and the wounded Hero, now cruelly
and absurdly held in custody in the Gulf of Spezzia,
at Varignano, will pass into honourable exile,
either here in England, or yonder, in the New
World, among scenes familiar to him in his
youth, upon the opposite shores of the Atlantic.

THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO GERMANE

BRUSSELS, SEPT. 3.

Her Majesty the Queen and the Princesses Helena,
Louise, and Beatrice alighted yesterday at Laeken.

To-day the Princesses visited Brussels, accom-
panied by the Duchess of Brabant.
The Princes Arthur and Leopold have also visited
this city to-day with the Count of Flanders.
At noon to-day a grand dejeuner was given in the
Palace at Brussels, at which the Prince Royal of
Denmark, Earl Russell, Lord Howard, and other
distinguished personages were present.
Her Majesty remained at Laeken with the King
of the Belgians.
A grand dinner will be given this evening at the
Palace.

The departure of the Queen for Germany will
probably take place to•morrow.

THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.

The visitors at the International Exhibition yesterday

was :
By season tickets
By ls. day season tickets BOl
By payment

Total

LIVERPOOL COTTON-MARKET, Sept. 3.—The
business transacted in cotton to-day has been small, and the
sales do not exceed 5,000 bales-4,000 on speculation and
for export. Prices are firmly maintained for all descrip-
tions.

Wilkin, the Dublin stockbroker's clerk, who some
time ago forged a cheque on the Bank of Ireland for £2,000,
was committed for trial at Dublin, on Tuesday.

Telegrams were despatched yesterday by Admiral
Fitzroy to the different outporte, intimating probable suc-
cessions of gales along the coast,
GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY.—The directors of
this company have accepted the tender of Mr. Brassey for
the 48 miles of new line about to be commenced in Suffolk
and Cambridgeshire. The sections extend from Sudbury
to Haverhill, from Haverhill to Shelford, and from Melford
to Bury St. Edmund; and they are to be completed by
July 1, 1864.

PETROLEUM STORAGE IN LIVERPOOL.—At the
meeting of the Liverpool Town Council, yesterday, it was
stated that there were at present 50,000 barrels of petroleum
in the town, but that the American and Canadian dealers
were hesitating in making more shipments, in consequence
of the restrictions placed upon its storage in Liverpool. It
was arranged that a committee should be appointed to con-
fer with the Mersey Dock Board, in order, if possible, to
obtain increased facilities for the storage of the oil.

ACCIDENT AND LOSS OF LIFE.—For some time
past workmen have been employed by two or three con-
tractors for enlarging the premises of Messrs. Gooch and
Cousens, and the houses adjacent in London. wall. Among
the buildings under repair were several houses of business,
which covered immense superficies of land. Suddenly whilst
the men were yesterday engaged the ground fell in and
engulphed the whole of the unfortunate parties. One man
was got ont after the lapso of an hour and a half, and he
was then able to speak, but soon expired, his ribs having
been fairly crushed into his lungs. Another poor fellow
was also badly, but, it is hoped. not fatally, injured, and
was conveyed with others similarly hurt to St. Bartholo-
mew's Hospital. The deceased man was Joseph Gibbs,
aged 22, ai.d whose friends 'wide in Islington.
CRYSTAL PALACE.--ONE SHILLING DAY, WED-
NESDAY.—Admission on payment, 12,571; ditto by season
tickets, 1,705. Total visitors, 14,276.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.—The gar-
dens of this society continue to be most; numerously at-
tended ; a very perceptible increase in the number of visi-
tors from the International Exhibition having taken place
since the establishment of the system of readmission to the
building. The excellent performance's of military music
which are given daily form a constant source of attraction,
and the flowers in the ribbon beds and parterres are just
now in great luxuriance Several remarkably interesting
plants and other objects have lately been added to the so-
ciety's collection, and may now be seen in the conserva-
tory. Among others we may mention some cocoons of the
Ailarthus silk worm, a cactus plant covered with the cochi-
neal insect, same specimens of the cotton plant, and last,
but by no means least, a truly magnificent• American aloe
in full bloom, the plant that is said popularly to flower once
in 100 years. On Wednesday next will be held the show
of autumn flowers, when, from the great and increasing
popularity of the society's fetes, and the large number of
entries already made, a very large attendance of visitors is
confidently expected.
THE ENGLISH OPERA ASSOCIATION.—It is ru-
moured that negotiations are going on whereby the Eng-
lish Opera Association may commence operations at her
Majesty's Theatre during the winter season.

There is upwards of £2,000,000 sterling worth of
goods in store and afloat in Nassau, New Providence, des-
tined for the Confederates.

Guano in immense quantities has been discovered
in Newfoundland.

EXTRAORDINARY COMMITTAL FOR MURDER—The
Liverpool Mercury states that a man named Goulding, a
lodginghouse keeper at Tarporldy, in Cheshire, has been
committed for the murder of his wife, who was found in a
yard near the house lying in a fit, with blood in large quan-
tities flowing from her body. There was evidence that the
husband was in tne house at the time with his shoes and
stockings off, and that he was industrious and steady, and
was never seen or known to lift a hand on his wife. There
were no marks of injury on the deceased, except a few slight
bruises on the back. The medical men were of opinion that
death wascaused by natural hemorrhage of the womb, and
the jury at the inquest found a verdict to that effect; and
it was also proved that at the time Mrs. Goulding had been
drunk five nights in succession, was subject to fits, and the
day before her death fell down stairs and hurt herself ; but
notwithstanding, on the statement of two boys that he was
seen beating his wife with a stick, he was committed on
Saturday last by the magistrates at Liverpool for -wilful
murder. The boys, it is further said, were prompted by an
old woman, a neighbour, who had a grudge against Goul-
ding. Supposing their statements to be true in every parti-
cular, the crime was ,only one of manslaughter; but the
evidence of the medical men, that death was occasioned by
natural causes, puts even that charge out of the question.
If the prisoner had been committed for manslaughter, he
might have been able to obtain bail, but, as it is, the assizes
for Cheshire having just concluded, the poor man will have
to remain in gaol, awaiting his trial, till next spring.
li6RRINGER FAlR.—This important Suffolk fair
took place on Tuesday. The number of sheep penned was
smaller than in former years, but a tolerably brisk trade
was done and high prices were realised. The supply of
lambs was short, and middling descriptions, which a month
since were worth only 26s or 27s cash, were quoted at 30s
per head. A number of Hampshire and Wiltshire ewes
were shown, and there were also a great many tups on the
ground, including some improved Suffolks penned by Mr.
G. Debit° ; the tups averaged from £7 to £lO each. Mr.
Simpson sold by auction 16 shearling and two-shear long-
woolled rams, bred by Mr. H. Aylmer, of West Dereham,
which average& £8 each. Messrs. Newson and Sexton also
sold at an average of £5 58 each 15 shearling rams, the pro.
perty of Mr. J. Clarke, of Long Sutton, Lincolnshire.
Among the general sales effected during the day may be
mentioned wether lambs at 28s 6d ; crone ewes at2Bs; black-
faced ewe lambs at 38s ; shearling ewes at 45s to 46s ; half-
bred Down and Leicester Lambs at 30s ; seconds, 255; three
and four .shear half-bred Leicester at 438 ; half-bred Down
and Leicester Lambs at 23s to 30s; and black-faced wethers
at 27s per head. .

Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Gateshead are about
to petition the British Government to use their influence in
favour of Garibaldi and his companions. In the former
borough, a public meeting will be held to memori lise the
Foreign Secretary to use his official influence in obtaining
the withdrawal of the French troops from Rome. It is also
intended to send an invitation from the meeting to Gari-
baldi asking him to take up his residence in England. The
Gateshead meeting, over which the mayor will preside, is
intended to influence the 'team Government through our
own officials in favour of Garibaldi and his followers.
At a meeting of the governors of King Ed-
ward's School, Birmingham, held yesterday, the Rev. Chas.
Evans, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, assistant mas-
ter at Rugby School, was unanimously elected head master,
in the room of the Rev. Dr. Gifford, resigned.

Mr. Woodin, whose "Entertainment" is among
the great attractions of the town to our country visitors,
gives his 100th performance this evening.
THE DISEASE IN SHEEP —A writer in a con-
temporary says :—The disease in sheep is still spreading,
and an incident occurred at Marlborough fair which should
be a warning to purchasers elsewhere. Mr. Neate, a large
tenant farmer, sent for sale 200 sheep, which were purchased
by Mr. Lousely. Mr. Neate, on his return home, found
that the small-pos had broken out in the unsold portion of
his flock, and at once communicated the fact to the pur-
chaser of the remainder. Tho purchase money was repaid,
and the sheep were returned, but in the meantime they
had b'en two nights with 500 other sheep also pur-
chased at the fair, all of which are now probably infected.
From the state in which Mr. Neate found his flock
when his attention was drawn to them, there is little doubt
that the eruption was fully developed in the '2OO sheep at
the time of his taking them to the fair. The amount of
infection communicated by a
single case of this kind can
scarcely be estimated, and when we consider that the value
of our stock of English sheet) is not below £100,000,000
sterling, one is surprised that the Government cannot even
take the precautions of the Act of 1848. Where the di-
sease exi9ts, it cannot be too widely known that inoculation
has been very successful. Of Mr. Harding's flock, of 446
inoculated 400 lived, and og 500 lambs only two died. A
neighbouring flocknaaster has
been equally successful.
While vivre the disease was taken naturally 60 per pent.
were loat4

The intimation in the American news that a bill
has been introduced into the Confederate Congress
for imposing an export duty of 20 per cent. on
cotton demonstrates further the hopelessness of ex-
pecting an supply of the article from that quarter
until after the termination of the civil war.

The usual monthly biddings for the billson India
took place at the Bank of England yesterday, and
the amount offered on this occasion was £450,000, in
stead of £300,000, consequent on the sums pre-
viously left over. The minimum rates declared
were the same as those of last month—namely, ls.
llid. per rupee on Calcutta, and ls. ll d. on Bom-
bay and Madras, and owing to the great demand
for remittances to India to pay for cotton, the ten-
ders within these limits reached an aggregate of
£1,500,000. Those on Calcutta above is. 11 Id.
will be accepted in full, while those at ls. lltd.
will receive only about 55 per cent. Those on Born.
bay at 2s. 011-d. will receive in full, and at 2s. about
41 per cent., and those on Madras at 2s. will re-
ceive in full, and at ls. ll d. about 70 per cont.
ECLIPSES FOR THE 'YEAR 1863.—Next year there
will be only four eclipses—two of the sun, and two of the
moon. The first will be that of the sun on the Ist of May,
partial and visible, beginning at 5.42, and ending at 7.12.
The second takes place on the 2d of June, that of the
moon, total and visible, beginning at 9.46, and ending 1.6.
The third will be that of the sun, November 11, invisible.
And the fourth that of the moon, partly visible, begins at
7.16, and ends at 7.32.
A WORD ABOUT LEMONS.--The lemons from the
Lake of 'Garda are considered the best in Italy for purposes
of exportation, as they can bear even the longest voyage
without injury. The best are sent to Germany and Russia,
and are sold from 7f. to Bf. a hundred ; the second class
lemons are sold in Lombardy and Venetia; and the third
class (those which fall from the tree) have always been re-
garded as the lawful property of the women of the families,
who sell them at the low price of 50 or 60 centerimi a hun-
dred, and consider the profits their pin-money. The
lemons that are packed for exportation are wrapped one by
one in clean paper, before being put in the cases prepared
to receive them. It is a pretty sight to see the women doing
this: sometimes 20 or 30 together, sitting on low chairs
in large rooms with myriads of lemons forming a golden
carpetall round them. They wrap them completely and
effectually with a clever twist of the soft paper in an in
stant, and sing in chorus as they sit at work. Garibaldi's
Hymn was always the favourite tune; one heard it from
every house when packing was going on. I used to wonder
how they could sing for the smell of the fresh lemons, so
delightful in a small quantity, is dreadfully oppressive
when they are gathered together by thousands in hot
weather. Each case, packed for exportation, generally con-
tains about 4,500 ; they are sent across the lake to the Tyrol,
to proceed, via Austria, to their destination.—Once a Week.
Our food department, though more important
than those of clothing, convenience and luxury, is always
in the dark—voluntarily and needlessly. Our farmers
have surmounted many prejudices in their generation, and
their art of food-manufacture has advanced most strikingly
since the repeal of the Corn Laws : but they have not yet
got over the mischief and unreasonable prejudice which
makes them refuse to allow returns to be made of the
use and productiveness of their land. To the rest of
the world this looks very strange, because their industry is
pursued in the open air, and under the broad sky, so that
it is not in their power to conceal the state of any one field
or any one farm, from end to end of the kingdom.—Once a
Neck.

A WORD OF COMFORT AS TO OUR FOOD.—On the
whole there can be no fear of our being disappointed of any
supply of corn that we may be able and willing to pay for,
at the price that the circumstances of the year will deter-
mine. Since the corn trade of the world has been thrown
open, there has been an end of all apprehension of famine in
a country like England. There is always enough to be had
by those who have ports to receive it, roads for its transit,
and money to pay the price that it may bear,—Once a Week.
A consulting committee, charged with the exa-
mination of all questions relative to the public health and
the medical service of the hospitals, has just been established
by decree, under the presidency of the Minister of the
Interior.

OYSTERS AT SOUTHAMPTON.—The first cargo of
Jersey oysters for the season has just been bedded at South-
ampton. Oyster dredging has commenced in Southampton-
water. Enormous quantities of oysters are found there,
and the beds extend down to the coast of Osborne, her
Majesty's residence in the Isle of Wight, These oysters
are small, of superior flavour, and conveyed long distances
to be laid down, naturalised, andatterwards sold as natives.
The shell of the Southampton oyster is much darker
than that of oysters on the Sussex coast. W hitstable in
Kent produces the finest oysters. The oyster dredge used
at Southampton is made of steel, and dreding is hard work,
on account of the tenacity with which oysters cling to
substances on which they have grown. The Jersey oysters
are of immense size, and it is believed of great age. Some
of their shells are perfectly honeycombed, like aged timber.
They have a remarkably saline flavour when first brought
over from the Channel Islands, which goes off after they
have been for some time bedded at Southampton. Dogfish
are now singularly plentiful in Southampton-water.

TOBACCO STATISTICS.—In Cuba there are 10,000
tobacco plantations, occupying 414 square miles, and culti-
vated by 15,000 negro slaves. The capital employed is
nearly three millions sterling, and the average quantity of
tobacco produced yearly is about 17,000 tons. One-fourth
of this is consumed in Cuba. It is estimated that the to-
bacco plants in the island number four thousand millions,
each plant having eight to ten suitable leaves. There are
in Cuba 600 cigar manufacturers; 20,000 workmen are em-
ployed there in making cigars. One man can make nearly
1,000 a week, for which the pay is 30s. The number of
cigars exported from Cuba is worth from 200 to 250 millions.
In the Phillippine Islands 1,200,000,000 cigarettes, or
paper-covered cigarettes, are made annually. A workman
can make 3,750 a day, for which he gets ls. 7d. The annual
consumption of tobacco is, in the United States, 3ilbs. per
head ; in England, 16i oz. ; in France, 171 oz. ; and in
Germany, 32 oz.

The performances of the members of the Savage
Club at Manchester, on Tuesday night, for the benefit of
the fund for the relief of the distress in Lancashire, were
perfectly successful. It is stated that over £5OO would be
realised for the fund.

THE PENNY-A-LINER'S BEST FRIEND.—Fr6m
the number of accidents that are continually occurring we
should say that the very best friend the penny-a-liner ever
had is crinoline. The mere fires alone that have resulted
from wearing that fatal garment must have cooked him
many and many a dinner. In fact we suspect that on seve-
ral occasions, when at a loss for a genuine accident, it
has also fired his imagination, since it is almost impossible
to believe that the innumerable casualties recorded nearly
every day in the papers can all have been founded on fact.
Considering the number of persons it has consumed
alive, crinoline seems to have inherited the secret of the
patent of Nessus' shirt—a secret that we always thought
had been for ever extinguished with the life of its first Her-
culean wearer. It is a cruel fashion, that, judging from the
number of its unfortunate victims, must have had Moloch
for its original inventor. However, though it may have
been death to hundreds of ladies, still to many a struggling
historian of the hebdomadal press it has proved a positive
life-preserver. In fact, our old friend Jenkins declares
that he is reconciled to the fashion, out of gratitude to the
large profit he has derived from it, and candidly confesses
that, if crinoline only continues in existence another year
or two, he shall be able to retire from the prsfession he has
9 g adorned, with a very handsome fortune.—Punch.
"In SCHOOLMASTER COMMITTED FOR BIGAMY.—
Samuel Russell, alias Simeon Grisdale, a schoolmaster and
a Wesleyan local preacher, was brought up on Monday last
before the Tonbridge bench of magistrates, charged with
marrying a female named Fanny Kingwood, in April last,
his former wife being then alive, Fanny Kingwood stated
that in April, 1862, she was living at Reigate Heath, and the
prisoner was living at Redhill, about three miles distant.
She became acquainted with him by his coming to see her
master for the purpose of soliciting subscriptions. She
understood he was a single man, and he went by the name
of Samuel Russell. After several months' courtship, he in-
duced her on the sth of April, to go to London with him,
and the ceremony of marriage was gone through at York-
street Chapel, Walworth. Ann Clarke, the wife of Thomas
Clarke, carpenter, of Harefield, Middlesex, said she had
known the prisoner ten years. He went to Harefield and
opened a school, and shortly afterwards became acquainted
with her daughter Mary Ann Clarke. to whom she was
married, at the Registrar's office, at Uxbridge, nearly ten
years ago. He was married in the name of Simeon Grisdale.
Her daughter was now alive. The prisoner, on being cau-
tioned in the usual way, said, "All that I have to say is, I
am truly sorry for it." He was committed for trial at the
ensuing assizes at Maidstone.

SPECULATORS AND THE COTTON CRISIS.—The
Manchester market yesterday (says the Live? pool Post) was
more excited dim ordinarily, prices, as compared with the
previous week, going up very considerably. It would ap-
pear that everybody is prone to speculate, no matter what
may be the price quoted and the quality and kind of goods
offered. Yarns, mule and water, are higher by from 4d. to
6d. per lb. than they were last week; while goods end
shirtings have gone up in a corresponding degree. Never
was there a time when such a speculative business was done
as now. Everybody aeems to have gone mad with ex-
citement, and the contagion spreads daily.
M. Richard Wagner, the composer, was recently
bitten by a dog which took off a part of the thumb of his
right hand. Fears were at first entertained that amputa-
tion would be.necessary, but happily his medical attendant
has been able to check the inflammation.

The Paris Say ng s Bank during the last fortnight
received 733,092 f.,
and reimbursed 652,2651. The receipts
of the Caisse de Itetraites for the aged during the same
period amounted to 652,2651.
Paris at the present time consumes 12,000,600
cubic metres of gas per day. The consumption in the winter
mouths is almost double that quantity,

LATEST NEWS.

PARIS, SEPT. 4.

The Moniteur of to-day announces that their
Majesties and the Prince Imperial have left for
Biarritz.

The Moniteur also publishes a letter, addressed
by the Empress to Count Persigny, thanking him
for the deliberations of the Council General in
favour of the " Society of the Imperial Prince,"
and requestingiiim to make known this expression
of her thanks to all the Departments.

MADRID, SEPT. 3 (Evening).

A Council of Ministers will shortly take into con-
sideration the question of granting an amnesty to
persons who were condemned to imprisonment
for having been implicated in the insurrection at
Loja.

The following official statement has been pub-
lished :

" The authors of disturbances continue to throw
small bombs into the streets, but the Government
is able to repress any disturbance with promptitude
and energy, although determined to avoid any ex-
ceptional measures."

TURIN, SEPT. 3.

The official Gazette of to-day says:—" Garibaldi
has been removed to Varignano, in the Gulf of
Spezzia, where an apartment has been prepared for
him. His wounds appear to be slight. The Go-
vernment has ordered two distinguished medical
men to atend him."

The Gazetta di Torino says :—" Signor Desam-
brois and Cassimi were present at the extraordinary
Council of Ministers held yesterday. The opinion
which prevailed at the Council was that justice
should be fully allowed to take its course. Two
Ministers were in favour of an amnesty being pro-
claimed. Nothing was decided as to the form of
trial, but the question will be submitted to the con-
sideration of the Council to be held to .day."
Several members of the Chamber of Deputies
have addressed a letter to the President requesting
explanations respecting the arrest of some deputies
at Naples.
The Stampa of to-day states that several deputies
who had been threatened with arrest at Naples had
arrived at Genoa.

THE BOMBAY AND MAURITIUS MAILS.
ALEXANDRIA, SEPT. 4.

The Vectis and Mooltan, with the above mails,
left yesterday, at 10 a.m„ for Marseilles and South-
ampton respectively.
The Mooltan may be expected at Southampton
about the 15th inst.
The Pera (from Southampton on the 20th ult.)
reached Alexandria yesterday morning.