The Sun.
London, England, 1862-11-18 00:00:00

he has received an Oder from his Majesty the Em-

In order properly to appreciate the bearing of
this important document which we publish to-day
in a textual translation, it is indispensable that
we should add some facts which are not known
beyond diplomatic circles, When the Minister of
the King of Italy at the Court of the Tuileries
remitted, on the 19th of September last, to M.
Thouvenel the circular of General Durand°, dated
the 10th of September, the Emperor Napoleon was
at Biarritz. The Minister for Foreign Affairs
hastened to send to his Majesty the circular of Gen.
Durand°, when he received from Biarritz an order
to confine himself, as the only answer to M. Nigra,
to simply acknowledging its receipt. M. Nigra
having been invited to the fetes on occasion of the
marriage of the Queen of Portugal, endeavoured,
before his departure for Turin, to obtain another
and longer reply. By order of the Emperor M.
Thoweenel announced to him that the French reply
would appear within a few days in the Moniteur.
This was the cause of the pub]Lication of the letter
of the Emperor, dated the ceoth May, and of dis-
patches relative thereto written, by M. Thouvenel
and the Marquis L.avalette, inserted in the Moniteur
of the 25th of .4eeeptember last. That publication
showed an eateential divergence of opinion between
the Emreaeror and M. Thouvenel. While his Ma-
jesty set forth in his letter the,point of departure of
negotiation for the solution of the Roman question,
M. Thouvenel wished to consider the Imperial letter
as an ultimatum. The Cabin et of Turin understood
so well that difference in its political consequences
that, after the publication of the Moniteur, it drew
up a second despatele, dated the Bth of October, des-
tined to lessen the bad impression which the circular
of General D arando had produced in the mind of
the Emperor of the French.
It wars on the subject of the reply to be made to
the teecond Italian despatch, dated the Bth October,
that the difference between the views of Napoleon
and. M. Thouvenel arose.
The Emperor parted with his Minister, who was
replaced by M. Dronyn de Lhuys. M. Nigra took
care to remit to the hew Minister a copy of the des-
patch of the St.ti October, which had been commu-
nicated already to M. Thouvenel; but M. Drouyn
de Lhuys formally declined to enter into any eon-
vers'"cion thereupon until he had received the orders
of the Emperor, and had maturely examined the
subject. The result of this examination is precisely
the despatch which we produce below, which M.
Drouyn de Lhuys addressed, on the 20th of Octo-
ber, to the Cabinet of Turin :
UN MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO THE CHARGE
D'4-PFAIRES OF FRANCE AT TURIN.
Paris, Oct. 26, 1862.
have laboured, since my entry on the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to obtain an exact ac-
count of the present situation of Italy and of the
state of questions which the new organisation of
the peninsula has raised. The occupation by our
troops of the Roman provinces, regarded from the
point of view of our relations with the Italian Go-
vernment, demanded on my part the most serious
examination, Two documents of recent date, in
the first 'lace, fixed my attention—l mean the (sir-
eider e.)f General Darando of the 10th of Septem-
ber last, and a despatch of his excellency which
he addressed, on the Bth of this month, to the
Minister of Italy at Paris, a document of
which my predecessor had already received a
confidential communication. The Chevalier Nigra
read it, and also emitted a copy of it to me, in con-
formity with his instructions. You will receive a
copy annexed hereto. On receiving this document
from the `sands of the Italian Minister, I found my-
self be,ond to decline all immediate and official con-
versation upon its contents, reserving the right to
examine it maturely before replying to it and taking
the orders of the Emperor. I have to make you
acquainted this day, sir, with the result of that
study, and to indicate to you the order of ideas by
which I mean to guide myself in replying, con-
formably to the views of his Majesty, with respect
to the communication of the Italia° Government.
In order to establish clearly the situation of the
Government of the Emperor, and the necessities
'which his engagements impose on him, and the
part -which he has taken in the events which took
place during the last 14 years in the peninsula, I
believe it to be necessary to recall the principal
occurrences in that agitated period, and to set forth
the declarations by which the Emperor himself and
his Government have on all occasions characterised
the policy of France, and loyally indicated the end
which she proposed to attain.
'When Pope Pius IX., after having taken the
initiative in the regeneration movement of Italy,
was driven from Rome by the revolution, the emo-
tion of the Catholic world immediately caused the
Active intervention of the Powers, and the Cabinet
cf Turin did not forget that King Charles Albert
had already entered for the enfranchisement of
Italy on his heroic enterprise, and, seconded by a
Ministry which was presided over by M. Gio-
berti, took, along with France, the initiative of a
proposition having for object to assure the domain
of the Church, and to guarantee, if necessary,
by the Piedmontese arms, the rights of
the Holy See against any attempt to infringe
upon them. France was the first to hasten to the
rescue, and had the honour to restore Rome to the
rule of the Holy Father, and the foreign powers,
not less confident in her strength than in her
loyalty, remitted to her the care of consolidating
the work in which many among them were ready
to concur. Tne government of the Emperor is con-
scious of having worthily fulfilled the task which
was given to it, and its work being accomplished, it
was on the point of recalling its troops when the
war broke out between Austria and Piedmont, and
this created new duties for it, inspired before all
considerations by the interests of France ; but,
yielding to his sympathies for Italy, the Emperor
did not hesitate to accept a war from which the
independence of the peninsula would result. The
task which France assigned to herself was to
conquer that independence, respecting, at the
same time existing rights as much as the events of
the war would permit, According to the idea of the
Emperor the independence of the peninsula was
assured by the stipulations of Zurich, and should be
consolidated by the intimate union of the Italian
States. Thus, when hastily yielding to a pressure
which might bring into question the results of the
war of 1859, the Cabinet of Turin decided on taking
the direction of the movement which agitated the
Italian population, and to proceed to the annexation
of the duchies, the Government of the Emperor re-
solved to withdraw from all participation in a policy
which had ceased to be its own, and while pointing
out to his ally the difficulties and dangers in the
path on which it had entered it declined for itself
all responsibility.
Ina
dispatch addressed on the 24th Feb., 1860,
to the Nei
oieter of the Emperor at Turin, and corn-
rnunicM34 to the Count de Cavour, my predecessor
this expressed himself :
"Rave
I any need to give long details in order to
explain to you what would be our attitude if the
Cabinet of e
-tinning all Turin,
the free to make its option, preferred
risksd h
which I have pointed out, and
which I conjure
which his Sardinian lul
lst/o avoid ? The hypothesis in
tiesty
and it would be painful would have to count
only on his own forces, des itself in some sort,
I confine myself, therefore me
tto enlarge thereon.
of the Emperor, that
we shouideinting you, by order
assume the responsibility
of such aot at any price,
ever may be his sympathies situation. What-
notably
for S.ardinia, which has mixefor Italyd
its blooda witiheaour
own, his Majesty will not hesitate to testify h
and irrevocable resolution to take the interests mof
France for the only guide of his conduct."
The Cabinet of Turin disregarded these counsels
and accepted on its own account the responsibility
of itii detorninm ion. Soon after, however, the en-
terprise of Garibaldi against Sicily end the King of
IVzples, in drawing on the Cabinet of Turin to in.-
tervene in Sont;rern Iral9,engaged it in a conflict
f the Holy Father, and
with the Government od•s disavow acts against his
oleliged us solemnly to
l
860 B
sovereignty which we cove 18
with
aron f alleyrand
our protection.
Oa the 10th of Sept( mber, 1 ,
received an order to address to Count de Cavour the
following note :
"'!'he undersigned, &c., has the honour to an-
nouuce to his Excellency the Count de Cavour that

peror, thtt if he is not given the assurance that the

note addressed by the Sardinian Goveroment to
the Court of Rome will not be fa' owed by

any consequence, and that the Sardinian army
will not attack the Pontifical troops, France will
be under the necessity of breaking off diplomatic

relations with the Cabinet of Turin, and thus pub-
licly disavowing a policy which she judges to be
dangerous for the repose of Europe and fatal tor the

future of Italy."

This note not having modified the resolution of
the Italian Government, M. Thouvenel wrote, on the
13th of September, to M. de Talleyrand :
" Monsieur le Baron,—l have the honour to an-
nounce to you that the ]mperor has decided on your
immediate departure from Turin, in order thus to
testify his firm will to decline all solidarity with
acts, as well as counsels, dictated by the interests of
Italy, which, unfortunately, he could not prevent."
I shall pass rapidly over the events which fol-
lowed the annexation of the Neapolitan provinces

and the constitution of Italy. Those events eould
not modify the appreciations of the Govern-
ment of the Emperor; but a great evil was
about to strike Italy. The death of the eminent

statesman who directed the Cabinet of Turin, and
whose personal authority had powerfully contri-
buted to arrest in Italy the overflow of anarchical

passions, mast greatly aggravate the situation of
affairs, and have the most fatal results for the gene-
ral peace. I need not express anew the considera-
tions which then determined the Government of the
Emperor to acknowledge the kingdom of Italy ; I
wish solely to recall the reserves by which that act
was accompanied as to what specially concerns the
Roman question. The Emperor, replying to his
Majesty King Victor Emmanuel, who had demanded

from him the recognition of his new title, wrote, on

. .
July 12, 1861 :
" I must dealare frankly to your Majesty that
while recognising the new kingdom of Italy, I

shall leave my troops at Rome as long as
it (Italy) shall remain without being recon-
ciled to the Pope, or that the Holy Father shall be
menaced witk having the States which yet remain
to him invaded by a force, regular or irregular."
When notifying to the charge d'affaires of
France at Turin the resolution of the Emperor, M.
Thonvenel said—
" The Cabinet of Turin will note the duties which
our position has created towards the Holy See, and
I believe it to be superfluous to add that in renew-
ing official relations with the Italian Government
we do not intend in any way to weaken the value
of the formal protestations of the Court of Rome
against the invasion of the several provinces of the
Pontifical States. No more than ourselves can the
Government of King Victor Emmanuel dispute the
power of the considerations of whatever nature
which may affect the Roman question, and neces•
sarily dominate over our determinations, and it will
understand that in recognising the King of Italy
we must continue to occupy Rome as long as suffi-
cient guarantees do not cover the interests which
have taken us there."
At the same time that it took care to discharge
from responsibility and render precise the charac-
ter of itsresolutions the Government of the Emperor
was pleased to state that the renewal of diplomatic
relations with the Cabinet of Turin would permit it
to labour at last with success at the work of concilia-
tion to which, according to it, is attached the defi-
nitive consecration of the new order of things in the
peninsula. Its sympathetic interest for Italy, its
solicitude for the Holy See, and above all, its duty
towards France, prescribe to it the pursuit of its
efforts with perseverance that ought not to become
tired either with the obstinate resistance or unre-
flecting impatience which sufficiently explains the
importance of the interests involved in the Roman
question. The Emperor has taken upon himself to
explain in a letter recently inserted in the Moni-
teur the principles which guide his policy, and to
demonstrate to Italy as well as to the Holy See the
aim to be attained and the means to attain it.
From the moment that the Emperor thus indi-
cated the difficulties of the task and the conditions
of success his government has not ceased to renew
his attempts to reconcile men's minds and to restore
to troubled consciences and suffering interests peace
and security. The results have not, unfortunately,
up to the present time, responded to his wishes ;
but if we have to regret on one side the persist-
ence with which the Court of Rome has refused
to seek with us bases on which to effect an accept-
able transaction, important events, which I cannot
pass over in silence, have happened on the other
side to confirm its resistance, and, by authorising
its doubts, places the government of the Emperor
in new difficulties. Gen. Garibaldi, substituting
his individual initiative for the regular action of the
public powers, organised an expedition notoriously
directed against us, and claiming with arms in his
hands the possession of Rome, placed under the
safeguard of our flag. The government of the King,
I hasten to acknowledge it, with a resolution and
energy to which it is only just to do honour, and
which demonstrated his loyalty, happily suppressed
that attempt. Its conception alone, and the com-
mencement of its execution which followed, re-
vealed, however, in Italy a situation troubled by the
fermentation of anarchical passions. At the same,
time, in a great neighbouring country, tumultuous
manifestations were organised of which the avowed
object was to affect the resolutions of the govern-
ment of the Emperor. It appears to me superflu-
ous to recal the fact that the flag of France never
retires before any menace. I believe I have no need
either to claim for the policy of my country the
most entire independence from all exterior pres •
sure. Nevertheless, sir, these facts which I cannot
pass over in absolute silence, would not have stop-
ped the government of the Emperor in its perseve-
ring efforts to arrive at the conciliation of the two
great interests in Italy, which are the objects of his
constant solicitude, if the official communication
which was made to us in the eircular of Gen.Darando,
of the 10th of last month, and the publication which
that document received, had not, for the moment,
destroyed the hope that we wished to found on the
disposition of the Italian Government to effect the
transaction which we wish to bring to bear. In
effect, after having referred to the suppression of
the attempt of Garibaldi, General Durand() appro-
priates it in his programme ; and asserting the
right of Italy over Rome, claims in the name of his
Government the delivery of that capital and the
dispossession of the Holy Father. In presence of
this solemn assertion and this peremptory revindi-
cation, all discussion appears to me useless, and all
attempts at an accommodation illusory. I state it
with sincere regret, the Italian Government, by its
absolute declarations, which I have just recalled to
mind, is placed on ground on which the permanent
and traditional interests of France, not less than
the actual exigencies of her policy, interdict us
from following. I do justice to the friendly and
moderate form of the communication which has been
made to me in the last place by the Minister of
Italy, but I in vain search therein for the elements
of a negociation to which we can lend ourselves.
According to our view, this
negociation can only
have for object to conciliate two interests which re-
commend themselves to our solicitude by different
titles, both equally respectable for us, and we should
not know how to saw ifice the one to the other. The
Italian Government knows, besides, that it will
always find us disposed to examine with deference
and sympathy all the combinations which it may
suggest to us, and which would appear of a nature
to accomplish the object which wisdom, we would
hope, will at last aid us to attain.
Will you please, sir, to read this despatch to the
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Italy, and leave a
copy with him. Receive, &c.,
DROUYN DE DEM.

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