The Sun.
London, England, 1862-06-07 00:00:00

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THE SUN.
LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 7, 1862.

The Social Science Congress, it will be observed,
is now in full activity in its several departments.
The noble and learned President's advice is being
follos p
ed with a will. The proceedings in each
several section are conducted from day to day, in
th*ir respegtie chambers, promptly and energeti-

.-~ _.._

cally. In the Second Department, that is, the
Department of Education, for example yesterday,
the Very Rev. the Dean of ST. PAUL'S, the poet,
dramatist, and man of letters, Dr. MILMAN,
opened the proceedings most effectively by the de-
' livery of an inaugural address on Education.
Among those who were present upon the occasion
being Lord BIGHAM, Sir J. KAY SHUTTLE-
WORTH, Mr. J. G. BOHN, and other distinguished
persons at once recognisable even in that very
numerous audience. In the course of his observa-
tions upon the system of " cramming" for " show
purposes," the very rev. prolocutor remarked,—
" That the ostentatious exhibitions of schools, how-
ever necessary to keep up public interest—which,
after all, was the most vigilant inspection—seemed
to have a tendency to become mischievous. If,"
said Dean MILMAN, " school examinations was
made a spectacle to the neighbourhood which
was to be excited and astonished in order
that its support might be gained, it
was too much to expect that the innate vanity of
the best of men would not be tempted to sacrifice
to the brilliant proficiency of a few the less effective
progress of the many. It inevitably became a
kind of flower show. The rare and beautiful plants
would be selected for exhibition, put in the best
light, and watered up to the highest perfection,
while the rest were left to pine, and dwindle, and
grow downwards into skilfully-managed obscurity."
Is it not a grave reminder to us, this, of that truth-
ful but grotesque comment by Mr. DICKENS upon
the " forcing system " in Dr. BLIMBER'S Classical
Academy for young gentlemen ? A system the evil
consequences of which are aptly illustrated in the
person of our old '• young friend," Mr. TOOTS, who
there (under Dr. BLIMBER'S fostering care, or rather
under that moral cucumber-frame of his forcing sys-
tem) was made to blow, and blow, and blow, until
he was at last only a stalk! Speaking of the
education anterior to that of the schools Dean MIL-
MAN appeared to be pretty much of the same opinion
with NAPOLEON the Great, who attributed the
manifestation of great intellectual powers in the
man in so considerable a degree to the tender care
of the mother in childhood, Every great man, he
maintained, had inevitably a mother in some way
remarkable. Heartily glad are we to note in this
portion of the Dean's oration the particular stress
laid by him upon the necessity of a good sanitary
code for the nursery. " The first duty of national
education," he insisted, "was the health of the
children." According to WORDSWORTH, " the
child is father of the man :" and in the develop-
ment of the intellectual powers both of the child
and the man, the sedulous attention at all times
paid to the preservation of the mens sana in corpore
sano is always of the very first importance, and is
always repaid by the happy results that invariably
and inevitably 'follow it. "A sickly child," the
lecturer argued, "might be very intelligent,
over-intelligent, but in general, quickness of
intelligence would be much affected by
universal spirits, and universal spirits rested on
healthfulness." It is especially noticeable by the
way in regard to many of those who were remark-
able during their after lives, brief or lengthened as
the case might be, that they were at the outset of
their career, especially remarkable for their appa-
rent dullness and stupidity. It is actually recorded
thus by MOORE, in regard to RICHARD BRINSLEY
SHERIDAN, that brilliant and accomplished genius
who succeeded, just to perfection, in so many de-
partments—

" Orator, Dramatist, Statesman, who ran
O'er each string of the lyre—and was master of all ?"

An "incorrigible dunce" he was pronounced to
be by his first schoolmaster: so, at least, we are
assured by hits biographer. And, if it be in any

way possible, still more extraordinary is the cir-
cumstance of the like opinion having been expressed
by his first schoolmaster upon " the marvellous
boy who perished in his pride"—THoMAs CHATTER-
TON. A fact related by all his biographers alike,
from DAVIS and Dix down to the last of them—

DAVID MASSON. As a contrast to all which evidences

of seeming slowness in the growth of even the most
precocious intellects, there is the evil consequences
resulting from the injudicious encouragement of a
totally opposite manifestation ! There is the
blowing, and blowing, and blowing of the Mr.
TOOTSES "known to fame" for their short interval
of intellectual life and soeial renown—those per-
fectly intolerable ephemerides (as they may be
called) of celebrity—wretched little imps of
popularity each recognised in turn as a pheno-
menon ! Who ever heard that the Calculating
Boy was in after life renowned for his skill at
logarithms ? It is a matter of absolute notoriety
that Master BETTY, who some seventy years ago

made the town ring with his plaudits under his
histrionic name of glory, " The Young Roscius,"
grew up to be about the dullest actor anywhere
discoverable, the veriest stick of a used-up walking
gentleman ! And so on through a deplorable
variety of instances. Perhaps the Infant MOZART
being the one exceptional case (the reader but too
well remembers the corollary) justifying by such
exquisite outpourings of his ripened intellect as
the " Magic Flute" and " DON GIOVANNI," the
marvels of his premature improvisations upon
the piano while yet an inhabitant of nursery. No
wonder can it be in any way felt amongst us
that Dean MILMAN, in his admirable address yes-
terday upon Education (an address, by the way,
which was delivered in the Council Chamber at
Guildhall), should deprecate so very earnestly the
exercise of moderation in the efforts made " first
of all," both at home and at school, to develop the
powers of the child's intellect. The Address of
Dean MILMAN yesterday, it should be remarked,
had reference, from first to last, exclusively to the
Education of Childhood. And so graceful, so
genial, so enlightened was it throughout that it
eminently well deserved the earnest commendation
pronounced upon it at its close by the venerable
President.

of Soule
Wong our contemporaries have surely put a
construction on the rejection of the Militia
Bill by the Canadian Parliament, and the consequent
changewiehhor,tvMe inistry. On the face of the accounts
arrived there were two causes for it—
one, the desire
to unseat a Ministry ; another, a
general opinion that
said
bill was in many respects
a bad one. It Wasattd
to be both costly and cum-
brous, and not to mah®
enoughlll
very defec-
of the volunteer
element. In a colony, far
than at home,
beent tl
tive, indeed. We cannot imagine that volunteers must be a prime reliance
did not recognise this, it must
haver and if the bill
of this particular bill has anything moreet do with
rejection
o
the rejection of the principle of colonial self-a fnee,
than had the rejection of Lord Russtws scheme
for that of Lord PALMERSTON'S, which had also the
effect of upsetting a Ministry—with the rejection
of the duty of home defence.

The Canadian press itself adverts to the possi-
bility of the defeat of the bill being misunderstood
in England, especially as the Lower or French
Canadian members were the greater part of the
majority against it. They advert to the possibility
of the loyalty they showed when the Prince of
WALES was there, and especially when, during the
Trent affair, the French Canadians, with their
ecclesiastics at their head, took the lead in provid-
ing most hospitably for our troops during their ,

passage westward being thought evanescent. But
they quite take it for granted that we shall soon
perceive their real object—to provide, namely, for
their defence only in the cheapest manner, and in
the way best adapted to the habits of the colony.
On the other hand, we cannot think with others
of our contemporaries, that no danger menaces
Canadian independence from the side of America.
It is true that, if this war lasts as long as it quite
probably may, the States,whether United or divided,
must come out of it much exhausted both in men
and money. But the danger of war from a nation
depends quite as much on its temper as on its means.
The revolutionary wc.rs of France were carried on
without money, and by a conscription which drained
every village of its young men. And if America
leave off the war exhausted, she will long retain
the excitement, unsettlement, and belligerent tem-
per generated by it. Her bitterness against Eng-
land seems to have been increased rather than
diminished ; indeed, in proportion to the gratitude
the North owes us for not insisting on our moral
right to our cotton supply, seems to be its annoy-
ance at having anything to thank us for, The one
solitary act of good will we have to thank her for
in return—the passage of troops through Maine, a
state filched from English territory—was ill-
received by the people; and as to the slave-trade
treaty we must thank their military and party
necessities, not their good-will to us, for that.
For ourselves, though no mortal can foresee
how the war will end, and in what condition it
will leave the States, we must think that Canada
has quite as much to fear as to hope from its ces-
sation. Every thoughtful man can easily conceive
two or three possible and not unlikely terminations,
which might render the North alone, or North and
South united, willing to apply the Monroe doctrine
northwards, and to complete the re-united Federa-
tion, or to compensate the maimed Northern one, by
attempting to stretch the United States to the North
Pole. We are told, and we must say we believe it,
that the dream of these Northern States, in which
the South, before its secession, joined, is, that
the Grand Republic is to include the whole of
North America, from the Isthmus to the Pole.
That it is to be the great military and naval re-
public of the world, that it is to give law to Europe
itself, and indeed, in the Yankee phrase " to whip
all creation." The swaggering joke, like many
another joke, being but the laughing representation
of a grave sentiment or purpose.
Does Canada, even French Canada, wish to be
one of the States which sends representatives to
Washington ? We never knew the respectable
Canadian yet who did. Independence, either with
or without England, Canada is as little disposed to
to part with as New England itself. Of inde-
pendence, the essential condition is to be pre-
pared to resist all who would invade it.
Hitherto we have nurtured in Canada the idea of
military dependence on us, and if she has not has-
tened the arrangement which would enable her to
sustain the first shock of an American attack, we
must thank ourselves for such being the case.
Canada, however, by this time understands that
now she must be her own chief defender. We can-
not again provide her chief military strength. We
can be a most efficient ally—we can co-operate with
our fleet—we can furnish a quota of troops, but
there must be an available Canadian army ready,
on fair warning, to defend Canadian territory.
This is the price of the independence she
actually enjoys. We are sure she will be
willing to pay it. She shows us no favours
now, commercially or otherwise. Her revenue is
largely and unwisely, we think, derived from taxes
on the productions of our industry ; she has, in
fact, set up for herself, though she makes good use
of her connection with the old firm ; and, as the

management and profits are wholly hers, she must
see to their insurance against ordinary dangers.
It is an attractive speculation—the future of
America. An obvious possibility is a virtual
French conquest of Mexico, and real rule of that
fine but now wretched country from Paris. A
Southern Confederacy, larger or smaller, according
to the results of the war; a Northern Federation,
and, of course, a kind of British Federal kingdom
more northern still.

We do not believe that such a result is at all to be
deprecated. We have none of Mr. BRIGHT'S and
Mr. COBDEN'S faith in the political virtues of either
North or South, or of both together. We think a
monster republic on the old model would be a mon-
ster nuisance on the earth ; indeed, what we may
call the late Republic was fast becoming so. A
great military republic would be as proud and as
half crazy with the notion of its great strength as
the builder of " great Babylon," and quite as mueh
disposed to annex, or to fight with, "nations
not a few." If the Mexicans should bring
themselves really to welcome a French protectorate
we will not say they could do much better. On
account of the distance it must be always, probably,
a mild and popular one, the country would be saved
from anarchy ; its natural riches would then quickly
develope themselves, and what we think politically
even desirable, the all-grasping republicans would
have a neighbour whom they dare not attempt to
swallow. At present—though the scene might
change in a month—all looks like Mexico occupied
for an indefinite time by a French army ; a Southern
Confederation not to be reunited, though perhaps
vanquished in the field ; a Northern Federation
angry as a hyaena in a cage ; and a Canada for-
bidding it to burst its northern bars.

A Cabinet Council was held yesterday at the
official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury in
Downing•street. The Ministers present were :—Viscount
Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, the Duke
of Argyll, Earl Russell, the Duke of Newcastle, Sir G. C.
Lewis, Sir Charles Wood, the Duke of Somerset, the Right
Hon. T. Milner Gibson, the Right Hon. Edward Card-
well, Lord Stanley of Alderley, and the Right Hon. C. P.
Villiers.

A new society has just been organised at Paris
under the honorary presidentship of the Minister of State.
It is called the National Society of Fine Arts, and its object
is to sell on the most advantageous terms the pictures, sta-
tues, drawings, &c., exhibited in its galleries, and to divide
amongst the existing members of the society the profits, if
any, derived from those works. The president of the so-
ciety is M. Th63phile Gautier, and the director M. Marti-
net, the printseller. The first exhibition commenced last
Monday, and contains several pictures by Hebert, Gudin,
Barrias, Baudry, &c.

A letter from Rome of the 30th ult. says:—
" Mgr. de Merode presented himself at an early hour yes-
terday morning to the Pope. He is not only Minister of
Arms, but the most witty visitor at the Vatican, and the
author of innumerable bon mots. ' I have the honour,' he
said on entering, of announcing to your holiness that the
Spanish fleet has arrived at Rome by the railway.' It was
in that manner that he ushered into the Pope's presence 25
Spanish bishops wearing enormous hats, larger and longer
than the classical one of Basile on the stage, lined with
green, and having exactly the form of a boat. The expres.
sion of Mgr. do Merode was too exact to suit the taste of
the Spanish bishops, who sulked, and did not attempt to
conceal their ill-hum9ur."

--The object of this muster on the 14th inst. is to coy
three p.m, a body of volunteers, supplied with their bown
THE VOLUNTEER ENCAMPMENT AT SOUTHEND.
rations and tents, able and willing to place themselves en-
tirely under the command of any general his Royal High-
ness the Commander-in. Chief may appoint, for 48 hours,
or longer if necessary; but those to whom it may be more
convenient to return to their own homes the same evening
will do so, The London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway
Company will convey such volunteers who may form a part
of this force, there and back for is 6d, the tickets to be
available from the 14th to the 17th June; but these tickets
are only to be obtained through their own eommanding
to be a regatta on the 16th, and
to be followed by a public din-
nert°llfie c dearund eas Tbohfaletlrh.e—eicsCrweleptn find,
are
ball.—Chelmsford
ra Chronicle,

The Royal yacht Osborne arrived here at 7
o'clock yesterday morning.
The Doris and Magicienne followed.
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales landed
at 11 a.m., amid great popular rejoicing.
The Prince will :eavo for Marseilles to-morrow
evening.