The Sun.
London, England, 1862-04-29 00:00:00

EVENING, APRIL 29, 1862.

Even Russia with her black spot of Poland is not
disposed to be left quite behind. Besides her
emancipation of her serfs now in progress, the CZAR
has actually determined to create a substantially
representative assembly. The really higher ranks
in Russia, are by no means unqualified for such
work, a middle class has been slowly forming, and
there seems every reason to believe, that sick of
a bureaucracy incurably corrupt, the EMPEROR
may be disposed to interest substantial power to
the hands of the higher classes of landowners.

We have given the brighter side of things, in
regard to some facts of the hour; but, we incline
to hope there is more than this behind. Public
opinion in Europe now is a different thing from
what it was fifty years ago. The mechanical means
of making known all that passes in one nation in
the course of a few days or hours, by telegrams,
letters, and newspapers, among all other nations, has
produced a very different sensitiveness among the
rulers to what the people think. All nations know
that England sympathises with free institutions,
but how much more influential is the fact
when every important illustration of it reaches
them almost as soon as it occurs. Libe-
rals in Italy and Liberals in Prussia are
fighting, cubstantially, the same battle but
with how much more encouragement, when they
quickly learn each others successes. Even the Poles,
in their passive heroism, felt the effect of all
Europe's eye upon them, and it is obvious that their
oppressors are at least sensible to shame, however
reluctant they may be to forego power. LOUTS
NAPOLEON is not widenf the mark in declaring that
public opinion in Europe is now a power which no
one can defy. We only wish that he could see it
bidding him to cease the occupation of Rome. He
stays, however, because he says that public, Roman
Catholic, opinion demands it of him.

The closing sentence of the French Ambassador's
funeral oration the other day at Athens appears to
demand from us, however cursorily, a passing
glance of retrospective regret. After observing as
evidence of the unconquerable energy of the de-
ceased even under the enervating influence of dis-
ease, " quand id est mort, it est mort debout," the
French Ambassador says with pathetic significance
—" Dieu lui tiendra compte des douleurs sous le
poids desquelles it a enfin succombe." Words im-
plying more perhaps in the way of mournful sig-
nificance than the majority of those listening to
them had even a glimmering notion of. " After
life's fitful fever he sleeps well !" As KENT sighs
over the dead friend in SHARSPERE. He sleeps
none the less " well," too, from having died in
harness—doing to the last, in the station in which
GOD had placed him, that Duty which England
expects from all her citizens, but more particularly
from her Public men in all Departments, and
which England has seldom had occasion (she cer-
tainly had none here) to look for in vain.

1 Her Royal Highntss the Grand Duchess of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz arrived at Dover last night, by the
John Penn, mail steam-packet, under the superintendence
of Captain Smithett. On landing, her royal highness pro-
ceeded to Birmingham's Lord Warden Hotel, where she
slept. Her royal highness was met at Dover by Lady
Caroline Cust. Her royal highness proceeds this morning
to London.
The Duke and Duchess of Wellington have re-
turned to Apsley House from Strathfieldsaye, where they
have been passing the holidays.
The Duchess of St. Albans and Lady Diana
Beauclerk arrived in town yesterday from Redbourne Hall,
Lincolnshire.

Little by little good is coming in the way o:
army reductions. It was but very recently that
the imperial ruler of France resolved upon dimi-
nishing by 30,000 men the vast aggregate of that
Standing Army of his, which is necessarily, of
course, a perpetual Standing Menace to the rest of
Europe. And now we have tidings of the reduction
_____ _ I of the gigantic army of Austria by very nearly a
Just now, when foreigners are about to visit us quarter of a million, i.e. by 2,000 cavalry, and 20,000
min every part, it is gratifying if, turning to infantry. At the very least it is a good beginning.
the Continent for a moment, we can observe any In this way, if in no other, every one almost will
hopeful indications in regard to civil and religious look back with complacency, for once, upon the
liberty. We invite the Continentals to come and gradual, and certainly the beneficial, working of the
look at our productions, and we ask them to place system of bit by bit reform. Why, in point
theirs side by side with ours ; and, under the libe- of fact, although as compared with a grand
ralising rule of free trade, we look with no envy on army of some 600,000 soldiers of all ranks,
their superiority in many productions of art and infantry, cavalry, and artillery-30,000 men, more
skill; we regard them rather as articles of impor- or less, may appear to be a difference of compara-
tation—sure to be paid for, ultimately, by corre- tively small consideration—thirty thousand men,
I
spondfng exportations. But in one thing which after all, would make up a formidable army enough
all Continentals will see here; the fear no Compee-i lin any pitched battle. Again, the same propor-
tion—we know that we shall be their envy. Our tionally might be said of the Austrian diminu-
perfect personal freedom, and the freedom of our tion by 22,000, as we have just remarked in regard
political institutions, we know must excite the to the French diminution by 30,000, Viewing
admiration of all our guests. Timidly will many either of those bodies apart—hero 30,000 of the
of them shrug their shoulders, and wish that disciplined soldiers of France, here 22,000 of the
they, too, were Bt to be trusted to do what they white-coated veterans of the Kaiser—it would
pleased, and go where
_they pleased.; while nobler be the merest affectation to grumble over
spirits among them will protest that they are fit the insufficiency of either diminution. In each case
Lordson. and Lady John Thynne arrived in town
perfect order.
—that if their rulers gave them fair play they it is, beyond a doubt of it, a visible and appreciable
season.
too could solve the problem of perfect liberty and step in the right direction. More, considerably yesterday from Haynes Palk, Bedford.
more, remains to be done before the wished-for goal Mr. and Lady Augusta Fiennes have arrived
Now, though there arc dark spots enough in can be reached ; but already it would be idle to
at their residence in Queen's-gate terrace for the season.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Mrs. Glad-
her© every European State, it is yet true that in deny that much has been done, even now, towards
stone arrived at their residence on Carlton-house-terrace
most there are some bright ones. To begin in the bringing us all onward in the general yearning yesterday afternoon, from Hawarden Castle.
South--there are no dark spots there except what after economy and comparative confidence in the THE REHESENTATION OF LAMBETH.—Ttie con-
are created by the direct oppression of Austria, and non-disturbance of European tranquillity. It is asrepresentation of this borough may now be said
the indirect cr'n earnest. The only two candidates at re-
uelty of France—the atrocities she well, moreover, that both France and Austria have to htavbefbegm,:thie
elect . p
test for the represen
sen e ore ors are Mr. F. Doulton, a resident
perpetrates by the
King. The Italian kingdom bands of the POPE and the ex- alike internally the strongest incentive to a steady manufacturer, and Mr. Campbell Sleigh, the tarrister—
ngdom itself is free ; Eng- persistance in this now inaugurated march towards Mr. Montagu Chambers having taken no further steps sinoe
land herself is hardly freer. the publication of an address to the electors in the early
And, the telegrams of economy and general tranquillisation. The respon•
this morning tell us of
part of last week. Both the candidates profess extreme
a bright burst of sunshine
bible financier of each empire has cognisance of the Liberal principles.

The Marchioness of Salisbury and family arrived
in Arlington .street yesterday from Folkestone, for the
season.
The Earl and Countess Somers have left Princes-
gate for Reigate Priory, Sussex.
The Earl of Normanton comes to town to-day
from Somerley, Hants, for the season.
The Earl and Lady Constance Grosvenor come to
town to-day from visiting the Duchess (Dowager) of Suther-
land, at Cliefden House, Berks.
Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston arrived in
town yesterday from their seat, Broadlands, Hants.
Viscount and Viscountess Doneraile have arrived
at Claridge's Hotel from Ireland.

Lord Aveland has arrived in Belgrave-square
from Normanton Park, Rutlandshire. Her ladyship will
return to town to-day for the season.
Lord and Lady Henniker have returned to their
residence in Grafton-street from their seat in Suffolk.:
Lord and Lady Portman are expected in town
to-day from Bryanston Hall, Dorsetshire, for the season.
Lord and Lady Proby have arrived at their
residence in Halkin-street West, from Elton Hall, for the

on the very spot where the Franco-Papal alliance sore need there is to lessen the expenditure of his
has shed such a gloom over the land. At Gaeta own particular Government. The urgency of an
yesterday morning, the King of ITALY was re- enormous deficit drives either back from the "facile
ceived with the enthusiastic cheers of the people. descent" of a mere reckless expenditure. That in
At Naples a universal illumination, and a serenade, effect constitutes for the rest of Europe the most
on the largest scale, welcomed him the same even- reliable guarantee that the course so wisely entered
ing. French and English frigates paid him honour upon at last, both at Paris and at Vienna, will yet
on behalf of their respective Governments ; and the awhile, must yet awhile in all human probability
short announcement is " the enthusiasm is inde- I be resolutely persisted in.
scribable." Let us hope that the report of his offi-
cers may touch the heart of the Emperor of the
FRENCH, and induce him to remove from Rome that
dark curse, of Southern Italy—the French army.
Let him do this, and we will welcome him to our
Exhibition. Meantime, however, the hearts of
Lord NORMANVY and the Tories may sink at read-
ing this morning's telegrams, all Englishmen,
worthy of their country, will rejoice at this spon-
taneous manifestation of Italian unity, in the person
of a Liberal and beloved Sovereign.
Even Austria herself is not without her brighter
spots. 'We adverted the other day to the extreme
liberality of her proposals in regard to religious
liberty—they are such that not only the honour-
able member for Bucks and his Wednesday subor-
dinates might take a lesson from, but they aim so
distinctly, not merely at religious liberty, but
at religious equality for all confessions, that our
Whigs themselves might study them with advan-
tage. As we have already observed, oven should
the intolerance of the dominant sect hinder their
being adopted by the Reichsrath, it is bat fair to
give this despotic Government the credit of offering
an admirable model to all Europe. But there is
yet another bright spot in Austria—only it is not
in this case to the credit of the Government. We
refer to the firmness of Hungary. Nothing, it seems,
can move her. Harrassed and wearied by the Pro-
visional Government—desirous, consequently, and
strongly so, of coming to some arrangement, when
questioned what she would concede, a trustworthy
correspondent tells us that his Magyar friends met
every proposal to surrender any of their main points
with an unhesitating denial. They would never
surrender their right to vote supplies—would never
send deputies to the Austrian Reichsrath—would
never receive a constitution from Austria as a grant,
they would have their ancient constitution of 1848.
This looks hopeful. If Hungary be both patient
and firm, a few years are little in the life of a na-
tion, and the Hapsburg will be obliged to bow dur-
ing the next European storm, if not before.
Again from Austria's rival proper—from Prussia,
the intelligence is also hopeful. The Liberals still
have the ascendancy in the elections. They have
not been caught with the chaff of reductions of
expenditure proffered, with the avowed purpose of
purchasing ♦otes for the Government candidates.
The Government circulars to officials seem to have
been resented, not only by the distinguished heads of
the universities—men of European fame as scholars
—but by magistrates themselves, in such modes as
they dare adopt. The news, therefore, this morn-
ing is, that both in Berlin and in the country,
so far as the telegrams had arrived, the elections
had been most favourable to the Liberal party. It
is to be remembered that double elections is the
practice in Prussia. The wider constituency, and
it is pretty extensive, chooses the actual electors,
who again choose the representatives. It is the primi-
tiva elections which are now proceeding so favourably
for the Liberals. The prospect therefore is hopeful,
that his Majesty "by the grace of God," will find
that his people have also rights by the same grace,
which they too are determined to assert.

LATEST _NEWS.

MILAN, APRIL 28, EVENING.
A great conspiracy has been discovered here
among the soldiers of the old Neapolitan army.
It is asserted that the clergy had supplied them
with arms and money.
The population is agitated.

Since our tribute to the memory of Sir THOMAS
WYSE, late her Majesty's Ambassador at the Court
of Athens, a tribute which appeared in the leading
col.gmns of our impression of The Sun of Thursday
last, we have received further and authentic
particulars of the funereal honours accorded to the
remains of his late Excellency by the Greek Court
and by the Athenian population. It appears, from
the terms in which the decease of Sir THOMAS
WYSE is announced in the columns of the local
newspaper of the following morning—that is, on
the 16th instant, the late Ambassador having ex-
pired on the 15th—that suddenly, though the
melancholy tidings came to us here in England by
Telegram, it came not by any means so unexpect-
edly to the knowledge of the Athenians. His
Excellency, the Franco-Greek journal referred to,
announces, " a succombe hier a la suite d'une ma-
ladie prolongee." It is added immediately that the
loss of the deceased Ambassador was severely felt
by the whole Diplomatic Corps at Athens, of which
body he was the "Doyen," or chief, by right of offi-
cial seniority. His ever-conciliatory yet ever-firm
line•of policy was by one and all of them, to the
full, appreciated—the amenity of his individual
character being none the less entirely appreciated
by the highest circles ; in fact, more or less by all
ranks and classes in the Greek metropolis, in proof
of which an eye-witness of the obsequies of Sir THos.
WYSE informs us that so vast was the concourse
attendant upon the cortege that it almost appeared
to embrace " the entire population" of Athens. It
should be observed at once, in regard to this, that the
Funeral—by command of his Majesty King OTHO—
was a Public Funeral ! In obedience to the royal
mandate no exertion was spared in order to evidence,
in a signal manner, the respect with which the me-
mory of the British Ambassador, just deceased, was
regarded by the whole mass of the inhabitants of
Athens, from the Sovereign downwards. A cere-
monial pomp was accorded to the proceedings of the
day hardly inferior to those lavished upon royalty.
The flags half-mast high at the Piraeus, the church
bells of Athens tolling, the minute guns firing
throughout the whole period occupied by the fune-
ral ceremony, the path of the procession lined
throughout by the soldiery, behind whose ranks
appeared the enormous concourse of citizens already
alluded to, having thus shown their sympathy by
their attendance—all betokened the high estima-
tion in which this distinguished representative of
her Britannic MAJESTY was held, both by the
Athenians themselves and by their Sovereign.
It is noticeable that among the more conspicuous
and impressive incidents marking the obsequies of
Sir THOMAS WYSE, was the delivery of a Funeral
Oration over his Tomb, immediately before the
close of the ceremony of interment, a discourse
feelingly pronounced by the lips of the French
Minister Plenipotentiary. It gave, in a condensed
form, an epitome of the public life and political
career of the departed Diplomatist. A verbatim
translation of this harangue, however—though it
was what we had, at the first moment of seeing it,re-
solved upon—we cannot but recognise, immediately
upon a perusal of the discourse itself, as altogether
unnecessary. For, our remarks on Thursday, in the
leading columns of our own journal, had
already, by several days, anticipated the
spoken commentaries of the French Ambassador
at Athens as now reported to us through the
Franco-Greek newspaper already referred to. Stage
by stage in the onward and upward progress of the
career of Sir THOMAS WYSE, the deceased publicist
and diplomatist was followed in the French Minis-
ter's survey of it, as on Thursday it had been followed
in our commentaries upon himself and his achieve-
ments. Anything like a recapitulation—anything
like a twice told tale of what has thus been so
very recently brought under the notice of our
readers, would be consequently to the last degree
superfluous.

CONSTANTINOPLE, APRIL 27.

France, supported by Russia, has formally pro-
tested against the invasion of Montenegro by the
Turkish troops.

The frontier will not, consequently, be crossed.

Negotiations are in progress for the marriage of
the Sultan's niece with the son of the Bey of Tunis.
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales is ex-
pected to arrive here on the 4th of May.

HANOVER, APRIL 28.

The following is a summary of the reply given
by the Hanoverian Government to the proposal of
Prussia to join the Franco-Prussian commercial
treaty :—" In taking into consideration the pro-
posal to join the treaty concluded between Prussia
and France, Hanover will not avail herself of
political reasons, although aware that this question
has a considerable political bearing. But as
Hanover would under no circumstances act in any
manner which might contribute to break up or to
endanger the existeuce of the Zollverein, she hesi-
tates to make any delaration upon that subject
before those States of Southern Germany (Bavaria
and Wurtemberg) which are most interested should
have returned an answer. The assent of the Hano-
verian Chambers is, however, as a matter of course,
required to any resolution of the Government."

TURIN, APRIL 28.

A royal decree published to-day approves of the
organization of the rifle corps of Genoa, under the
command of Genorals Garibaldi and Menotti. The
time of service for recruits is fixed at one year.

GAETA, APRIL 28.

King Victor Emmanuel arrived here this morn•
ing, and was enthusiastically cheered by the popu.
lace.

His Majesty will arrive in Naples this evening.
The city of Naples ie already decorated with flags.

MILAN, APRIL 28.

Numerous Hungarian deserters are arriving here

from Venetia.

Garibaldi has completely recovered from his in-
disposition.
General Turr is about to leave for the London

Exhibition.

ROME, APRIL 27.

The Emperor of Russia having demanded that
the Nuncio whom the Pope was to send to St. Peters-
burg should maintain his relations with the clergy
in Russia only through the Minister of Public
Worship, the Pope has determined not to despatch
the Nuncio to St. Petersburg.

BERLIN, APRIL 28.

The returns of the electors which have taken
place to-day in Berlin are most favourable to the
progressist party. Up to the present the telegrams
received here from the provinces also announce that
the liberal party have gained a great victory.

MADRID, APRIL 28.

The Epoca of to-day contains an article support-
ing the candidature of the Archduke Maximilian to
the throne of Mexico. The other Spanish journals
uphold the principle that Mexico should be free to
elect her own government.