The Sun.
London, England, 1865-09-22 00:00:00

THE UNITED STATES.

(From an American Correspondent of the Times)

PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 8.

One week ago I informed you there was indubita-
ble evidence that the Mexican Republic was nearly
at an end, and although since then there have been
some vague rumours of Juarist successes in minor
contests in the neighbourhood of Matamoras, the in-
telligence of the waning fortunes of the Liberals in
their last stronghold, the north-western Mexican
States, is overwhelming. Some time since Juarez,
with a devoted band of followers, retired to Chihuahua
and fortified himself in the city. Maximilian's troops
gradually closed around it, and although we have yet
received no details of the final contest, the latest news
we hear is that Chihuahua has fallen ; the Impe-
rialists have occupied it, and Juarez, with a hand-
ful of troops, has fled to El Paso. Thither his
enemies are following him, and the probabilities
are strong that he will soon be driven even from
this last halting-place, and forced to take refuge in
the United States. The days of the Mexican Re-
public are numbered, for not only in the north-west
but everywhere else, excepting around Matamoras,
its cause is waning. Its supporters are dispirited
and mutinous, and in several cases have joined the
Imperial standard ; and the States that once ad-
hered to Juarez are being overrun by French and
Austrians almost without opposition. Cortinas,
near Matamoras, has succeeded lately, inhis erratic
wanderings, in capturing a small Imperial waggon
train with its guards, but this solitary victory is
blotted out by the swelling tide of misfortune else-
where. Guerilla bands, such as will always infest
Mexico, wander over the country, but Maximilian
is now the only ruler of Mexico, though the people
will always be on the look-out for a chance to raise
another revolution.

Juarez's misfortunes have not suddenly come
upon him, for he has been fearing a forced flight
to the United States for some time. Part of his
family have for several months resided in New
York, and one of his younger children died there
about a month since. There is very little doubt
that he has long before this laid up provisions in the
United States for an honoured retirement, and the
people of the North, who hate rebellions in their own
country so cordially, but are always ready to encour-
age rebellions elsewhere, will receive him with
marked distinction. But the most significant fact
connected with the fall of the Mexican Republic is
the virtual death of ali attempts by the United
States to practically enforce the Monroe doctrine.
Hereafter it will be a subject to prate about, but be-
yond that no one will go ; the newspapers will be
filled with fierce denunciation of England and
France, and earnest appeals to President Johnson
to send huge armies to redeem Mexico, but except-
ing as a sort of safety valve to let off some of the
extra excitement America is always so full of, the
Monroe doctrine will be a thing of the past. Secre-
tary Seward, and possibly some other members of
the Cabinet, are full of the idea of recognising
Maximilian's Government, and putting Mexico in a
fixed and certain position towards the United
States. Although the Republic has much sym-
pathy in the United States, and Juarez is regarded
with high favour, no one here has been willing to
send him any material aid. All the Mexican sym-
pathy meetings have ben failures financially, and
should President Johnson, who keeps aloof from
the question, lean towards Seward's way of think-
ing, recognise Maximilian and receive his Minister,
there will be a little grumbling on the part of the
Radicals, but that will be all. The ship-owners
will start lines of steamers to Vera Cruz, the
Yankee cotton and woollen manufacturers will turn
a penny by sending goods there, and so long as
trade is prosperous Radicals and all will hail Maxi-
milian as the lawful rater. Juarez will be handed
about the country a travelling show ; he will be dined
and toasted, Maximilian will be " resolved" the
usurper, but his usurpation will be considered the

lawful Government. The bugbear of the Monroe
doctrine need no longer frighten foreign countries.

Several prominent English merchants and finan-
ciers arrived at New York on Sept. 5, by the Scotia,
and their visit has created much interest. On Sept.
6, some of them, Sir S. Morton Peto and Messrs. M.
Henry, Satterwaite, and Kinnaird being among the
number, had a lengthy interview with the directors
of the New York and Erie Railroad, in which they
urged the construction of a double-track broad
gauge railway from New York to St. Louis, and
offered to furnish the money necessary to build it.
The New York and Erie road will of course be the
beginning of this new railway, and the English
gentlemen urged that its extension should be at once
begun. They also announced that it was their in-
tention to double the track of the Atlantic and
Great Western Railroad, and they wish it and the
Erie to be integral roads and placed on an equal
footing. The gentlemen are now in the oil region
of Western Pennsylvania, and before they return
to Europe they will visit and closely examine all
the railways in the United States and the British
provinces.

The woollen manufacturers of the United States
on September 6 held a council in Philadelphia, at
whichsome very important statistics connected with
the American woollen trade were made public. For
the year ending June 30, 1864, the value of the
woollen goods manufactured in the United States
was #121,868,250. Of course dnring the war the
Government was the greatest consumer of woollen
goods ; for in 1862 it bought 21,715,382 yards of
kersey, in the manufacture of which 51,431,7701 b.
of wool were used, and in 1863 it bought 26,885,515
yards of kersey, in which 61,273,8941 b. of woolwere
used. The amount consumed by the Government in
1864 was about the same as in 1863. The following
are the sheep and wool statistics of the United
States for various years

Sheep. Pounds of Wool.
1850 ... 16,777,468 ... 44,460,380
1860 17,198,219 51,766,439
1862 ... 18,880,340 ... 66,081,190
1864 24,346,391 91,298,965
1865, Jan... 28,647,269 ... 114,589,076
In 1863, 48,744,9011 b of wool were imported into
New York, and in 1864, 56,874,1281 b. In 1865 the
production of wool averaged about 41b. for each
sheep.

The Government has also promulgated some in-
teresting statistics. In August 575 patents were
issued, and 3,902 invalid pensions were granted.
The number of pensioners now on the rolls is 55,000,
and the list is increasing at the rate of from* 3,000
to 4,000 a month. At the last Session of Congress,
the aggregate amount of money appropriated was
$822,076,523. It is now positively stated that the
Government will not have to resort to any loans
until after Congress meets, that the Treasury works
very easily, and that this promising state of the fin-
ances results from the largely increased revenues of
the Government over the estimates that have been
made. The receipts of internal revenue for the
quarter ending Oct. 1 were some time since esti-
mated at $65,000,000; it is now thought they will
amount to $110,000,000. The receipts from sales of
war material no longer needed also add large sums
to the Treasury. During August the revenues of
the Government just paid the current expenses, which
were about $80,000,000, or a little over $2,500,000
a day. The Secretary thinks he can very soon bring
the expenses below the receipts, and he feels confident
that the public debt has reached its maximum.
Mr. Joseph Aspinall, President of the Detroit
Board of Trade, has published some very interest-
ing tables, showing why the exportation of Ame-
rican grain to Europe is not remunerative to the
Western farmer. In Liverpool a bushel of corn
sells for about $1 22c. in greenbacks, while the
freight and charges of transportation from the
Western States amount to $1 11c. in greenbacks.
The farmer thus gets but 11c. for his bushel of corn.
Mr. Aspinall urges the construction of a ship canal
from the Mississippi to the Lakes, so that vessels
can sail direct from the Western States to Europe.
In that case the charges will be but 61ic., so that
the farmer can sell his bushel of grain for 60ic.
This subject has been very thoroughly studied, and
the entire North-w-4 ;.a favour of the canal, but
as they wish Congress to construct it as a " war
measure," the project hangs fire. As the reports
from Europe do not show very good harvest pros-
pects, and nearly all our American grain crops are
enormous, shippers are preparing for an immense
export trade. As the matter now stands, however,
the farmer gets no benefit whatever, and in many
interior counties of the West the small price of his
corn will not pay the expense of reaping it. This
autumn will probably see many a field of corn rot-
ting because the price offered for it will not pay for
the harvest. Such has been the case before this
when crops have been abundant.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.

UXBRIDGE AND RICKMANS WORTH.

The directors in their report regret that circumstances
had delayed the commencement of the works of the railway,
although agreements had been entered into and.some pay-
ments made for land at different points of the line, which
would allow the contractor to proceed with the works. The
original estimates were found to be insufficient for the con-
struction of the railway on the mixed gauge. The directors,
however, deemed it essential for the prosperity of the under-
taking that the narrow gauge should be laid down, to avoid
any break in the through ccmmunication with the important
systems north of their line. After much deliberation this
point was conceded by the Great Western Company, but
subject to the withdrawal of their authorised subscription
of £20,000 toward tho undertaking, and subject also to a
perpetual lease of the line being granted to them, instead
of the proposed working agreement. The directors could
not recommend the shareholders to agree to these terms,
and they failed to induce the Great Western Company to
agree to any alteration of them. The directors much de-
plored this state of things, as the line would complete a
through communication between the Great Western, North
Western, Great Northern and Great Eastern systems, via
Rickma,nsworth, St. Albans, and Hatfield. Since the close
of tho session the directors had, however, renewed their
negotiations with the Great Western Company, with the
strong hope that such an arrangement with that company
might now be made as would enable them promptly and
without further delay to proceed with the works. The call
made in July last was responded to by the proprietors.