The Sun.
London, England, 1862-03-25 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TITES9Vir EVENING, 'MARCH F,25, 1862.

and which he thought ought not to be allowed by tho house
to be taken away.
Clauses 1 to 8 inclusive were then agreed to.
Mr. M. GIBSON said it was proposed, upon considera-
tion, to give up the proposed amended clause.
The clause was accordingly abandoned.
Clause D, as amended, was ordered to stand part of the
bill, as were clauses 10 to 17 inclusive.
Clause 18 was then agreed to, as were also clauses 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26,
On clause 27 being proposed, several objections wero
urged against the powere which this clause conferred upon
the Board of Trade.
Mr. M, GIBSON defended the clause as it stood.
Captain JERVIS opposed the clause., and hoped the
committee would reject it altoiether.
After some further discussion, in which several members
took part,

Captain JERVIS moved the omission of the clause, and
on a division, the numbers were—
For the clause
Against it . „ 7l
Majority
The clause was consequently negatived, and the Govern-
ment defeated.

Several other clauses having been agreed to,
Mr. M. GIBSON moved an additional clause, which ho
said was simply intended to save the rights of the Duchy of
Cornwall, and did not confer any new rights upon it.
Mr. A. SMITH moved that the clause be withrawn.
The committee divided—
For the clause
Against it

Majority for it
The clause was then ordered to stand part of the bill.
Mr. A. SMITH explained that the opposition to the
clause ju.§t passed was fOunded upon the underhand con-
duct of the Government in a previous bill relating to the
duchy.
The house then resumed, and the CHAIRMAN reported
the bill with its amendments.
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS ACTS (1861) AMEND-

tened 13 bullocks, kept seven or eight horses and
ponies, and an indefinite number of pigs. It has
increased the value of the sewage lands. After
deducting the charge for the sewage there was a
net increase in the value of the crops per acre of
£2 7s. 6d. The quantity of sewage which I obtain
per day is from 00,000 to 80,000 gallons—about 270
or 280 tons. The cost is from a penny to five far-
things per ton. I believe sewage might generally
be drained off for three farthings per ton, and in
some eases for one halfpenny. At three farthings
per ton it will pay well ; but at a halfpenny per
ton it will pay uncommonly well. I should have
had greater success if my operations had been pro-
perly conducted in the first instance. In very hot
weather some evaporation takes place, but in wet
weather it is very small. The sewage manure has
a permanent influence on the land, and I can see
the benefit of it for two or three crops. The land
increases in value in consequence of a continuous
system of sewage. In spreading a large quantity
there is an offensive smell, but that may be in a
great measure avoided by applying it near to the
ground instead of from an elevation ; and after it
has been five minutes on the ground the smell is
not at all offensive. The health of the men by
whom the sewage has been applied has not saffered
in the slightest degree. The whole of my estate
would ,be increased in value if the tenants had a
constant supply of sewage. There can be no doubt
as to the inherent value of sewage. I agree with
the observations in the report of the Royal com-
missioners that the disposal of sewage would in
many towns solve the question of drainage.
By Mr. Ayrton—The sewage is conveyed from
the town in close pipes underground. When there
is a decided downfall of rain I can cut it off
from the tanks, and then the storm water
goes off into a stream. I cannot state exactly the
increased value of the land to which the sewage
is applied, but I can speak positively as to the de-
cided improvement of all the crops.
Dr. Robert Angus Smith, of Manchester, exa-
mined.—l have given a good deal of attention to
the question of sewage, and have examined the
sewage of many districts. The most complete exa-
mination which I made was that at Carlisle. The
amount of ammonia, was seldom more than 11 grains
to the gallon. In Londota..the quantity is seven
grains per gallon. Notwithstanding the fact of the
quantity of ammonia at Carlisle being so small, the
effect of putting it upon the land has been very
decided. The Carlisle sewage contains about five
grains of solid matter per gallon. The sewage of
London contains about 300 grains per gallon. Cattle
can be fed on sewage land with great advantage.
They seem to prefer it to other land, and thrive
upon it very well. I believe the annual value of
the sewage of London is about £1,450,000. The
application of sewage to land is in some respects
injurious to health. It takes some time to get com-
pletely absorbed into the soil, but when it is com-
pletely taken into and mixed with the soil, it is
totally disinfective.
The committee then adjourned.

THE INTERNAIIONAL EXHIBITION.

The remarks which we felt called upon to make
upon the tardiness of English exhibitors in sending
in their goods have produced very good effect. All
are apparently now hurrying forward as fast as
possible, and during Friday and Saturday the goods
came in briskly. Great activity is also being
shown (though not a day too soon) in fitting up
courts and counters ; and on Saturday partitions
and enclosures for the English side were being
made in all directions, and the whole building
rang with the noise of saws and hammers. If the
work is carried on in this spirit the English may
still recover the ground they have lost by their
own procrastination, but,there must be no relaxa-
tion in their efforts between this and the day for
opening. The snow has shown that many parts of
the glass ridge-and-furrow roofs are still far from
water-tight, and the northern courts, especially along
the walls of the refreshment rooms, are very leaky.
These defects must be made good at once, for it will
be quite useless to urge on the delivery of goods in
places where the water during heavy showers drips
through the sashes on to the cases beneath.
An immense mass of the eastern dome scaffolding
is now down, sufficient to allow much of the effect
of Mr. Crace's decoration to be seen. It more than
realises the expectations which were formed when
the preliminary attempt was made on a small model,
and comes out remarkably well. The capitals of the
great main columns have been richly gilt, while the
columns themselves are painted of a deep Venetian
red or chocolate colour, which shows their massive-
ness very well, and renders them conspicuous for
what they really are, the chief supports of the dome
above. It has been proposed to paint a wreath of
flowers twining like a garland down these pillars,
but such a decoration would have the effect of di-
minishing their apparent bulk, and destroying in
appearance their architectural purpose. They can-
not look better than they do now, and Mr. Crace
would be wise to let well alone. The sunlike orna-
ment at the apex of the interior of the dome does
not have all the effect that could be desired, but the
walls beneath the dome belt, the belt itself, and the
ribs above are all that can be wished. It is to be
hoped that now this last and most difficult of the
decorations is finished, the remainder of tha scaf-
folds themselves will soon be removed. The refresh-
ment saloons in the upper story of the arcades over-
looking the Horticultural Gardens are nearly
finished. The view from the windows of these over
the gardens will be one of the most charming in
London. The flower show in the gardens ou Wed-
nesday last gave a good idea of what the scene will
be from this point during summer.
The superintendents of the various classes are
now working almost day and night to get up their
different departments to the highest perfection. On
their care and diligence the success of the Exhibi-
tion greatly depends, and the Commissioners have
been most fortunate in their selection of these gen-
tlemen, each of whom is eminent for his skill and
knowledge of the arts, sciences, or manufactures
committed to his care. As there is little to record
in the daily progress of the building, a short ac-
count of the principal objects expected by the
superintendents in each class will, we think, be
interesting to our readers. As however it is barely
possible to give more than one or two classes in a
single notice, we shall take occasion to resume the
subject from time to time, taking them in the order
in which they stand in the official catalogue. Mr.
R. Hunt, F.R.S., has sole charge of Class 1, which
includes mining, minerals, and mining materials, all
of which 'will be shown in a portion of the eastern
annexe. In this class one of the most important and
prominent groups will be examples of the applica-
tion of the beautiful new metal aluminium, by Bele,
of Newcastle, which will include several most elabo-
rate works of art. The examples of iron will be
remarkable as comprising every possible variety of
specimens of rough and hammered ironwork, and
one foundation is being laid to receive a double
throw crank weighing upwards of 25 tons, made at
a single forging by the Mersey Steel Works. Rail-
way metals of enormous length, rolled in a single
piece,
'without a weld, will be exhibited among other
things by the Blaenavon and Butterley Companies.
One rail is upwards of 80ft. long, and another no
less than 117 ft., made without joint or weld, at a
single rolling. Enormous armour plates and sheets
of wrought iron will illustrate the strides made in
this branch of manufactures since 1851 ; and Lord
Dudley is sending some wonderful examples of bars
of iron tied cold into perfect Gordian knots and
tangles. Messrs. Schneider, of Ulverston, will
show a very large and costly model of their
ironworks, so as to illustrate the most recent
improvements in the blast furnace. The Northum-
berland,
and flesh= Coal Trade A4'06:1601'1 are
sending models to exhibit the best methods of
ventilating mines, and of the newest and meet ap-
proved underground engineering appliances. The
Sunderland Committee will be represented by a
model of their docks with all their admirable ap-
paratus for loading coal. These models wil . be ac-
companied
by fine examples of the mineral products
of each district. Nearly all the great coalfields
send specimens of coal, and some of the single
Weigh
blocks Specimens
upwards of three tons.
of copper, tin, and lead, with fine collections of the
ores of these metals, will come from Cornwall,

South Wales, Shropshire, Yorkshire, Northumber-
land,
and adjoining counties. A most interesting
collection of British minerals is coming from the
lead hills of Scotland, with specimens of all the
most remarkable products of that mining district.
Nor in this list must British gold ores be forgotten.
A fine collection of auriferous quartz is to come from
Merionethshire, and auriferous gasman from Devon.
Ireland sends specimens of her fine granites and
beautiful marbles and serpentines, with some good
minerals. Iu this division of the class the polished
granites and serpentines of Cornwall, and the varie-
gated ornamental marbles of Derbyshire, will be
most conspicuous objects. There Will also be a
large collection of the various descriptions of stem
used in building. Classes 2,3, and 4, are under the
superintendence of Mr. C. W. Quin, F.C.S., who,
like the rest, has worked indefatigably in obtaining
the best possible subjects for exhibition in his de-
partment. These three classes are devoted respec-
tively to chymistry, food, and raw materials. The
ehymico-pharmaceutical section of the Exhibition
(Class 2) can boast of a collection which, for variety
and excellence, bas never yet been equalled. The
exhibitors include more than 200 of the greatest
manufacturers in the country. Hardly a name of
eminence is missing in any breach of chymical
manufacture, from Magenta and borax down to
matches and blacking. A complete series of drugs,
systematically arranged by a committee of the
most eminent members of the Pharmaceutical So-
ciety, assisted by Professor. Redwood, has been
prepared. This collection will be particularly in-
teresting and instructive to pharmaceutists, and
its:value will be still further enhanced by the
society's permission to allow specimens to be
handled and examined, under the care of a cura-
tor. A very interesting collection of chymicals,
illustrating the improvements made in calico print-
ing and dyeing since 1851, has been formed, at the
suggestion of Dr. Playfair, by Mr. It. Rummy, of
Manchester, whose practical knowledge as a chy-
mist and manufacturer renders him admirably fitted
for the work. In no department of applied chy-
mistry have such strides been made within the last
ten years as in dyeing and calico printing ; and in
the history of these useful arts, perhaps no similar
period has been so fruitful in good results. A col-
lection of products illustrating the discovery of the
coal tar dyes formed by the first workman in this
fertile field, Mr. W. H. Perkin, is also to be shown,
and all the various dyes will be admirably repre-
sented. Fine collections of cinchona and alkaloids
are shown by Messrs. Howards and others, and a
trophy is in course of formation, consisting of large
crystals of copper, alum, &c., arranged artistically
together so as to form splendid masses of colour.
One single block of alum which is said to weigh no
less than seven tons is coming from the Metropolitan
Alum Works. Dr. Stenhouse, F.R.S., and Professor
Brodie each exhibit collections of rare chymical
substances discovered by themselves. Mr. Church,
Dr. Muller, Mr. De la Rue, and others, also send
largely. Windsor and Newton send a case of
coloUrs and ultramarine of different qualities, worth
upwards of £1,000; Smith and Co. send fine ex-
amples of orchil and ether lichen dyes; and among
the odds and ends is an article called " concen-
trated fish manure." A circular drawn up by the
superintendent, is about to be issued to the exhibi-
tors, subjecting them to most stringent regulations
as to alcohol, ether, or corrosive acids and salts.
In class 3 (food) there will be an immense collec-
tion of preserved animal and vegetable provisions of
every conceivable description. All the great tea-
dealers send samples of teas, coffees, and cocoas,
many of them containing specimens quite new to
this country. A complete collection of dried and
preserved fruits of every kind comes from Fort-
num and Mason's and there will be every known
variety of hops, with pickles, preserves, beer, and
• biscuits. Some giant corn, with ears, eight or nine
inches long, is shown by Mr. Hallet, of Brighton,
which he calls "pedigree wheat," having raised
it by constantly selecting the grains of the
largest ears year after year. A fine collection of
agricultural seeds will also be shown, with speci-
mens of cereals from all the chief corn dealers.
Preserved meats have a great many representatives,
which shows how vastly this trade has recently in-
creased. But a short time since it was almost un-
known. Fentum, of Bond-street, and others,
exhibit some most exquisite ivory carvings and
turnings, and there will be a very beautiful collec-
tion of wax flowers. One lady exhibits a copy in
wax of a large bank of wild flowers. There will,
of course, be every variety of soaps, with wax,
stearine, composite, paraffin, and tallow candles.
Gutta-percha, indiarubber, and vulcanite in every
possible variety of form and article will be shown.
A large collection of wools is sent by the Agricul-
tural Society, and the Duke of Marlborough also
exhibits wools and a pair of blankets. There will
be a splendid show of hardwoods, tusks, mother-
of-pearl, and shells, with horn and tortoiseshell
goods, paper, and paper-making materials. The
food trophy of Class 3 will be erected in the nave,
from the designs and under the direction of Messrs.
Gilbert. There will also be an exceedingly hand-
some trophy of raw materials (Class 4), from the
designs by Mr. Leighton, F.S.A., also in the nave,
to correspond with that of food. Both these have
been got up, and the expense of their erection
borne, by the sub-committees of the metropolitan
committees of the respective classes.— Times,

take place at nine o'clock this morning, at an early i
hour large crowds began to collect in the vicinity of
the hall, but such wore the admirable arrangements
of the chief constable, Mr. Fox, that all those who
had business to transact in the court were comfor-
tably seated before the " crush" were allowed to
enter. The trial excited great interest, particularly
co it was stated that a course of defence would be
ran pu ,•
od that would reduce the crime to man-
slaughter.
The prisoner, after A short hesitEition, pleaded
not guilty.
Mr. Manson and Mr. Huish appeared for the pro-
secution, and Mr. leatman for the defences
Mr. Manson then stated the case for the prose-
cution. Mr. Joseph German, surgeon, Derby, was, 1
on the night of the 13th February, fetched to the
i house of a woman named Eliza Morrow between
eight and nine o'clock. He found Morrow with her
throat cut in several places, and, from the natare of
the. wounds, they could not possibly have been in-
flicted by the deceased's own hands. The wounds in
the neck were deep and long, one of them extend-
ing from the back of the head to the front of the
throat, whilst another laid open the large vessels of
the neck. The woman died in about a minute after
Mr. German's arrival. One of the wounds was a
particularly jagged one, and whoever inflicted the
injuries must have met with considerable resistance
on the part of the victim. The last time the mur-
dezed woman was seen alive she was standing at
the top of the Court No. 4, Agard-street, Derby,
talking to the prisoner. Subsequently. a man was
seen by some b )37g who were playing in the street
at the top of the yard to put his arm rolled the neck
of the deceased, and iead her i',?
wards the top of the
court. The man asked one of the lain;
namedlira)-
berley, what they were doing there, and so fright-
ened them that they ran away. Direetly afters, Ards,
however, Wibberiey beard a scream and returned
to the top of the yard, when he saw a man
forcingn, woman up against the wall. The woman
struggled and fell down, and the man on the
top of her. The woman's screams were heard by a
female named Underwood, and also by a female
named Boswell, both of whom ran out of their
houses into the court, when they saw the deceased
upon the ground and a man upon the top of her.
That man they would swear was the prisoner Thor-
ley. The man got np and ran away. Mr. German,
surgeon, was sent for, and quickly Mended, but the
poor woman died in about a minute after his
arrival. A razor was picked up close to the spot
by the woman Boswell, who handed it to Mr. Ger-
man, and that gentleman gave it into the custody
of Inspector Fearn, of the Derby police. Search
was then made for Thorley. About a quarter-past
eight o'clock the same evening he went to the Spa
Inn, Abbey-street, Derby, kept by a Mr. Chapman.
He appeared very hurried and agitated, and his
hands and face were covered with blood, and one
of his hands between the forefinger and the thumb
was cut. The company in the public-house asked
him what he had been doing, and he replied that
he had been in an Irish row at the Abbey Inn, in
the same street, and after drinking two bottles of
ginger-beer, he shook hands with all the persons
present, and bade them farewell. The statement
about the row at the Abbey Inn was not true, and
the landlord of the house would be called to prove
that it was not. Eventually, about 10 o'clock the
same evening, the prisoner was taken into custody
in Canal-street by a detective officer, to whom he
made a statement.

Evidence was then called in support of the above
facts, after which Mr. Yeatman addressed the jury
for the prisoner, and Mr. Justice Williams having
summed up,
The jury returned a verdict of " Wilful murder
against Richard Thorley."
The prisoner was not at all moved.on the verdict
being pronounced.
The Clerk of the Arraigns then said—Richard
Thorley, what have you to say why sentence of
death should not be passed upon you?
Prisoner—lt will make no difference in my sen-
tence, but I wish to say that three of the witnesses
have spoken falsely.
Sentence of death was then passed in the usual
form.

WESTERN CIRCUIT.—MARcu 24.
CROWN COURT.
(Before Mr. Justice Byles.)
THE ALLEGED MURDER BY A FARMER NEAR
BRIDGWATER.

Wm. Chard, 40, farmer, was indicted for the
wilful murder of Parnell Howe, at Weston Zoyland,
on the 15th February.
The prisoner surrendered to take his trial, and
pleaded not guilty in a firm voice.
Mr. Thring stated the facts of the case. The
prisoner, it appeared, was an opulent farmer, living
upon his own estate, at a farm called Andersea Farm,
in the parish of Weston Zoyland, near Bridgwater.
The deceased was 21 years of age, and had been in
prisoner's service a year and nine months. He had
been in the habit of ill-using her frequently, and
on the day in question he shot her—accidentally it
was alleged on his behalf, he being then under the
influence of drink—with a double-barrelled gun,
the injuries causing almost immediate death. At
the inquest on the body of the deceased the jury
found a verdict of accidental death.

The evidence on behalf of the prosecution was of
considerable length. At its conclusion,
Sergeant Kinglake addressed the jury for the
prisoner, contending that the evidence would neither
bear out a charge of murder nor manslaughter, but
was proof of the death of the girl having resulted
from accident. _ _

The jury retired for about ten minutes, and re-
turned with a verdict of Guilty of manslaughter.
The learned Judge, in sentencing him, said he had
been convicted of the crime of manslaughter, and in
the verdict of the jury he entirely coincided. He
'did not believe from the evidence that he deliberately
intended either to kill the deceased, or to do her
grievous bodily harm by shooting. But at the same
time he had been guilty of a brutal assault combined
with gross negligence, ending in the death of an un-
offending and innocent person. He then sentenced
him to 12 months' imprisonment, with hard labour.

NIDDLESEX SESSIONS-11arch 24.

The adjourned general sessions of the peace for
the county of Middlesex commenced yesterday at
the Court-house on Clerkenwell-green, before Mr.
Bodkin, Assistant Judge ; Mr. Payne, deputy; Mr.
Pownall, chairman, and a bench of magistrates.
The calendar contains the names of 87 prisoners,
of whom 15 are charged with ;misdemeanour, and
72 with felony.
The Assistant Judge delivered the usual charge

and made an assertion, which was contradicted, that
he had been brought to his present position throUgh,
a father who had souander,d. roo,coo,
He was sentenced to two years' hard labour.

---
POLICE INT.E'LLIGENC.E.—March 24.

MARYLEBONE.—WaIter liilit
aged 24, resid•
ing at 17, Hall-park, Paddingtofl, paper hanger►
was charged with wilfully stabbing 3.3:rederick Allenand William Richardson, with intent .to murder.
Mr. Herring appeared on behalf of the prisoner!
and said, as one of the men who had be, en stabbed
was not now in attendance, he should ret'ere stabs
remarks ho might have to make for a futare

sion. to
Mr. Mansfield—ls the second party go
prosecute
Inspector Mackerell—He is too badly Wounded
to attend.
Mr. Mansfield—Then let us just take enough
evidence to justify a remand.
William Richardson (a young man, and W
appeared with his right arm in a sling)—said I ;
side at No. 1, Church-lane, Po.rtland-town. v 5
Saturday night last about half plzst 12 I le
coming down New Church-street with Allen Lt
man stabbed) and two friends. I Tns a little
advance, and as we passed the Marylebove Theft
I saw the prisoner in company with two feuli,s,:flig.
Shortly after I.heard a disturbance, and on lcr:nli
round, the prisoner said to Allen, "'What m ole -150-
push my wife ?" Allen denied having do:le fig
when he (prisoner) raid " You did, and I'll give to
one that will do for you for a day or two." 14,1 g
went into the road and put himself in a fight ',Ol
attitude, and was followed up by Hill, who stabb
hirt in the face with s knife. There was no atilteo
blow struck. Ailed called out that he was stabbs;
and said ".For God's Ore go and stop him." I too
the knife in his hand. J. ran after the prisoner sof
threw him down on his
back, and exclaimed,
have got you." He replied, " Yes, enielfeit
have got you, you —," at :the same time .1 ter
myself stabbed in the arm. .k. bro
T he'
that he (prisoner) had stabbed one. My
said "You don't mean to say so?" o.od ran after
prisoner, and overtook him in the .I.dgware-r754
said to my brota
when hohreatened to stab my brother 1.. f be t°llcci
him or attempted to apprehend him. The
at this time came up, and he was given into .cu,stp
Mr. Mansfield—What did he stab you wit..q;
Witness--I believe it was a knife he stabbet,'
with. Pog
Mr. Mansfied—Did you see the man A"
stabbed? pi
Witness—Yes, sir, I did. I saw the knife ie
Boner's hand. _a 1
Richardson continued—After I was stabbeuo
went to St. Mary's fjospital to have my welll/0
dressed. (Ho here exh:
bated his arm, which
bound up in hospital int. W beep
-ages. He had
stabbed right in the centre o.l^ the muscle.) ate
Mr. Mansfield—When is it
expected that
other man will be able to attend ?
Dr. Frederick George Graves, of L:l2, St. A—, to
place, Edgware-road, said he would s; of be able
attend for some time yet.
Mr. Mansfield—ls he in any danger ?
Mr. Graves—l cannot say that there is a:1%1 ol
pending danger, although there is a great dt:"
inflammation.
Mr. Mansfield then remanded the prisoner. er?
Mr. Herring— Will you take bail for the pristitier
Mr. Mansfield—l cannot. Was the Pr.'"
drunk at the time ?
Richardson—l think he had been drinking' ell
Mr. Herring—l have refrained from putting by
question to the witness at present. I shall be le.
to show that the prisoner was not drunk at the
Prisoner was then removed to the cells.

SOUTHWARK.—A respectable looking flicie
woman named Catherine Morris wa3 brought.bo
Mr. Burcham, charged with robbing her nil!,
the landlady of the Unicorn Tavern, Black' •
street, opposite the police-court.
Mrs. Mary Smith, the landlady of the ho e4'
question, said that a fortnight ago the prisonsoar
tered her service as barmaid, and three (NY°
wards she found her lying behind the bar th°, void
for liquor. Witness remonstrated with her,gbe
her that y she so misconducted herself sgillells
should discharge her. The prisoner prowls joi
amend, and she passed over it. After that she
to suspect her honesty, consequently she o'oo
some shillings on Friday lost, and put then f
tho till. On Saturday witness missed three.°,,` to
marked shillings, when she communicated vinol4
police. A constable was called, and witness
the prisoner of her suspicions. She adraittecltheto
she had stolen the three shillings, and took ifi
out of her pocket. She had a bottle of go diet
curiously contrived pocket under the front cuttle,3
.dress, and in her boxes were found two other b°rob'
of gin. Witness believed that she commenceljola
bing the first day she entered her service, an
continued to do so to a serious extent. 011
Mr. Burcham asked if she had a character

her.
ti
Mrs. Smith replied that she had an acflviellit
character with her, but she had reason to bel'43l;or
was false. It purported townie from gr.,,6jelac°
Scotch stores, Bayswater-road. Witco.° "—I/0V
ascertained that she had been iurvea eubtaormaidr
Vickress's, in the Strand, where siie was
for drunkenness. heth
•
Mr. Burcham asked the prisoner
sessiot: 8 ? 0
would be tried by him or go to the
The prisoner said she was guilty, and would l
ii
e
toh
at Wandsworth.isworslliptodeal with her. e bather
o obr
Mr.,Burcham sentenced her to four month
labour
it °
______