The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-19 00:00:00

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lIOYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road,
Way ~, hi the immediate vicinity of the Great Northern Rail-
Patron—Her Most Gracious Majesty the QUEEN.
`ft -Patron—His Royal Highness the Prince of WALES, K.G
President—His Grace the Duke of BUCCLEUCH. K.G.
TM
heii,,-.8 Hospital, foundel in the yea 1828, the first to estab-
„ u the principle of free admission to the sick pioor, without
delay and difficulty of Governors' orders. is wholly de-
Pepdeut for support on voluntary contributions and I tg•acics
...4. Wards relief to a large number of in-patients, and, In
Tulition to this, the average number of attendance of the
:eatitute 0000si as for a con tiderable period averaged between
°AO and 4,weekly.
~ The Committee earnestly solicit the ASSISTANCE of the
oe.ettevolent, as the premises of this Hospital are capable of
,peain -
leg several hundred more beds, had the Committee
the requisite funds to maintain them.
, t?mtributions are received by the Treasurer, Edward Mas •
,Trhlan, Esq., Nicholas-lane; also by Niessrs. Coate and Co. ;
tilLi urnmond and Co. ; Glyn and Co.;[Terries and Co. ; Ransom
adrelC4.; Prescott, Grote and Co. Payne, and C
u. and Co. ; W 111ara's, Deaccn ;, aSnalditCo' • verend, Gut'. :
hey, and Co. ; Nisbet and Co. ,Berners-street'; T. [tamed and
"•0.. Liverpool ; and at the Hospital, from 10 till 5,
STANFORD SMITH, Secretary.

lONO MORE PILLS OR ANY OTHER MEDICINE.
U BARRY'S delicious health-restoring Invalids'
, and Infants' Food, THE REVALENTA ARABICA,
nourishment
three times as much assimilating* and strengthening
nourishment as the best meat. and restores perfect digestion,
stron—
i g- nerves, sound 'ult.'s, healthy liver, refreshing sleep,
.11netional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or
removing,,,nee speecNy and effectually indigestion
110 Z eP, a\Cough, asthma, consumption, habitual constipa-
, utarrhces, all gastric derangements, hemorrhoids, liver
F'nPlaints, flatulency, nervousness, biliousness, fevers, sore
I.n',oats, diphtheria, catarrhs, colds, influenza, noises in the
"e ti and ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, erruptions,
hYst
tats eria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palpi-
bh, °o, heartburn, headache, debility, dropsy, cramps, spasms,
ronchitis, scrofula, tightness of the chest, pains in the pit of
tib, ()mach and between the shoulders. It is the most diges7
„,, eof all foods and suitable for invalids and infants in all
s'nnPlaiats '
We •
the ~- quote a few out of 62,000 Cures : —Cure No. 58,216, of
n,, Marchioness de Breh in of seven years' liver complaint,
oas away, debility, nervousness,' irritability, with, a ner-
es4 palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleepless-
',Pod the most intolerable nervous agitation. Cure No.
1),,,c1. he most
from the Right iron. the Lord Stuart de
Defies Lord Lieutenant of the diunty of Waterford :—1
Stt,' Oerived much benefit from your excellent food.
eurtrf
Noes Decies Dromana, Cappoquin, county Waterford.
5t,11„,,,. B', from the Rev. James T. Campbell, Sycir-
(ll,'-twctory, near Fakenham, Norfolk—ln all cases of in-
ltsii,,lon, and particularly when the liver is more than
4elat`.9 afTe:ded, I consider it the best of all remedies. It re-
itth„,lTs the bile, and makes it flow in cases which would not
tliV,of mercury in any shape, In short, a healthy flow of
to is one of its earliest and best symptoms. You can
geat, what use you please of this communication.— I am,
Ite,'enlen, James T. Campbell. Cure No. 52,.?2.—Bridge
6Pittle' l'riolle37, Surrey.—Thirty-three years' diseased.luong.s,
the og' of blood, liver derangement, deafness singan, in
:Ars,
been debility, shortness of 'breath, and
4,ltlti,rhettavt,eabneteininryemoved by your Revalenta Arabtca. My
i, "A. liver, s'omach, head, and ears are all right, my hear-
ncrs is a mar el to all my a:quaint-.
01 tif.:-.l_.atnet
.Roberts, Timber Merchant. Cure. No. 49,8'12•
heB4,
~73,ears indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nt
s.ic .
.I‘llets tna, cough, constipation, flitulency, spasms, k
0. 47 and,, "Miting—Nlaria Joly, of Lynn, Norfolk Cure
:.'lliadiLprr:','•---Nliss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness,
viteeKr.idon, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.
56;St4.—Mr. Samuel Laxton,Leicester, of two years'
ls Gd ; 4,. rhe Food is sold in canisters. lib., 2s 9d; 21b.,
243 '., 41b., 218. ; 241 b., 40s. Super-refined quality. , lb., 6s ;
eanisic'_; 51b., 22s ; 01b., 335. The 101 b., 21b., and 241 b.
!tarry ~7 carriage free on receipt of Post-Office Order, by
-oliiiii„ 4 ,Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London : also
6' q 'l--• i'ea Dealers, 8. King William-street ; likewise at
I...ichtiiiee treli•street ; 4, Cheapside, 49, Bishopsgate-street
lIPPer ! 61' s°, and 208, Oxford-street ; 330, Strand ; 54,
stet).f IF styer- et ; 01, Tottenham-court-road ; 96, Upper-
-65 I 1.• Notting-hill ; Close Brothers,
Upper-
b° Nh-street ; and Stubbs, Queen's-terrace, St. John's-
te— Ldnog::;n'anNd.a.llllrars;Y:table Crocers and Chemists.--
ware of 8,, .
otrioUs imitations.

SAITCE.—L E A and PERRINS'
WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE.
This delicious condiment, pronounced by connoisseurs
"THE ONLY GOOD SAUCE,"
Is prepared solely by LEA and PERRINS.
The public are respectfully cautioned against worthless
imitations, and should see that Lea and Perrino' names are
on wrapper, label, bottle, and stopper.
ASK for LEA and PERRINS' SAUCE.
Sold wholesale and for export by the Propr'etors, Wor-
cester: Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell; Messrs. Barclay and
Sons, London, &a aro. ; and by Grocers and Oilmen uni-
versally.

SPANISH FLY is the acting ingredient in
ALEX. ROSS'S CANTHARIDES OIL, which speedily
produces whiskers and thickens hair. 3s. Bd, ss. 6d., and tOs.
High
8d..; sent free for
London.
84, and 144 stamps.—ALEX. ROSS, 248,
Holborn.

WONDERFUL DISCOVERY.—Corns cured
in one day by using ALEX. ROSS'S CHIROPO.
Tnis preparation gradually dissolves the corn in a few hours,
removing the very root. Price 4s , sent by post for 80 stamps'
—248, High Holborn, London.

HAIR- CURLING FLUID, 248, High Holborn,
London.—ALEX. ROSS'S CURLING FLUID ourle
Ladies' or Gentlemen's hair immediately it is applied. Sold
at 35. 6d., ss. 6d., and 10s. 6d. ; sent free for 53, 84, and 144
stamps. Ross's Toilet Magazine, Is. 6d., or 20 stamps.

GREY HAIR.-248, High Holborn, London.—
ALEX. ROSS'S HAIR DYE produces a perfect colour
immediately it is used. It is permanent, and perfectly na-
tural in effe.t. Price 3s. 6cl , ss. 61., and 10s. 6d. ; sent by
post for 54, E 4, and 144 stamps.

WIR DESTROYER, 248, "High Holborn,
London.—ALEX.'ROSS'S DEPILATORY removes,
without effect to the skin, superfluous hair from the face,
neck, and arms. 3s. 6d., ss. 6d.. and 10s. 6d. ; sent the sameday as ordered by post for 54, 81, and 144 stamps.

Lately published, id., sent free by post for two stamps,
AN ESSAY upon the HUMAN HAIR : Its
Close Analogy to Veaetation, and its Reproduction by
the Stimulant Spanish Fly or Cantharides.—By ALEX..
ROSS, 218, High Holborn. London.

PIMPLE REMOVER.--All diseases of the skin
are improved by one dose of ALEX. KOSS'S VEGE-
TABLE SKIN PILL. They remove redness, sallowness,
&e. 2s. 9d. and 7s. 6d. 4 or by post for 40 and 100 stamps.—
ALEX. ROSS, 248, High tiolbign, London.

NOTHING IMPOSSIBLE.—The greatest and
most useful invention of the daz, AGUA AMARELL A.
Messrs. JOHN GOSNELL and C ~ 12, Three King-court,
Lombard- street, London, Perfumers to her Majesty, respect-
fully offer to the public this truly marvellous fluid. which
gradually restores the human hair to its pristine hue—no
matter at what age. The Agua Amarella has none of the
properties of dyes ; it, on the contrary, is beneficial to the
system, and when the hair is once restored one application
per month will keep it in perfect colour. Price one guinea per
bottle, or in half bottles. 10s. 61. Testimonials from artistes
of the highest order, and from individuals of undoubted re-
spectability. may be seen on application. Messrs. John
Gosnell and Co. have been appointed Perfumers to her Royal
Highness the Princess of Wares.

THE RESCUE SOCIETY wishes to add another
home to the 12 now in operation. Last year no fewer
ban 455 poor, friendless, young females were rejected from
want of FUNDS and room, making a total of 3,087, who have
been sent away in five years. Here are brief details of a few
of the most recent cases :
F. IF., aged 16, fallen, mother dead, deserted by her father.
M. A. F., aged 13, homelesl, both parents dead.
A. 8., aged 17, fallen, father dead, deserted by her mother
S. D., aged 15, fallen, mother dead.
C. 8., aged 15. fallen; mother dead,
A 8., aged 16, fallen, both parents dead.
11. S., aged 14, homeless, deserted by her parents,
M. H., aged 17, fallen, both parents dead.
C. IL, aged 17, fatten, both parents dead.
A. G., aged 18, fallen, father dead.
E. K„ aged 18, fallen, both parents dead,
S. 8., aged 17, fallen, both parents dead.
M. A. W. aged 17, fallen, both parents dead.
S. D.. aged 15, fallen, both parents dead.
The new home the Committee wish to form woald be for
young girls, almost children, from the age of 8 to 15, who
have been led astray from the path of virtue.
Contributions will be received gratefully by the Secretary,
Mr. Daniel Cooper, 85, Queen .street Cheapside; or by Messrs
Barclay and Co., Lombard-street

[ADVERTISEMENT.] - Holloway's Pills. The Best
Friends.—When bad health overtakes mankind, what
would not be given to be freed from it? Holloway
pre-
sents to all invalids the means of recovering their health
and renewing failing strength fora merA- trifle. His pills
invariably produce the most satisfactory results where tho
digestion, circulation, or nerves are at fault. They purify
the blood, balance its circulation, strengthen the stomach,
induce healthy action in the liver, and overcome all pain-
ful affections of the intestines, upon which they gently but
effectually operate as aperients. Illnesses of the most
alarming character, which have withstood all other treat-
ment, have gradually yielded to a course of Holloway's
pi ls, which will ever prove the invalid's afeet friend.

TIMES.—One of the most popular statesmen, one
of the kindliest gentleman, and one of the truest
Englishmen that ever filled the office of Premier is
to-day lost to the country. The news of Lord Pal-
merston's death will be received in every home
throughout these islands, from the palace to the cot-
tage, with a feeling like that of personal bereave-
ment. There is not a province in our vast colonial
empire, and there are few civilised nations in the
world, which will hear without an emotion of regret
that Lord Palmerston no longer guides the policy of
England. Never again will that familiar voice be
heard in the councils of E4rope, or in the British
Senate, of which he almost seemed a part ; never
again will that native gaiety of spirits enliven the
social circle in which he loved to move. The death
of no other subject could have left such a void in
the hearts of his countrymen; for no other has been
identified so long or so closely with our national life.
Born in the first year of Pitt's first Administration,
and some yearsbefore the downfall of the old French
monarchy, he had witnessed the whole drama of
European politics in the nineteenth century, and in
the most important scenes of it bad taken a leading
part. He belonged to the age of 'Wellington and
Napoleon, of Nesselrode and Metternich, of Castle-
reagh and Talleyrand, of Liverpool and Canning,
no less than to our own. He was already in office,
as Secretary at War, when
..Mr. Gladstone was not
yet in his cradle, and four years before Lord Rus-
sell, then barely of apes returned for Tavistock.
He continued to hold same post under six Go-
vernments in gueccaziou, ancteotnaore than 20 years;
"he was Foreign Secretary for more than 14 out of
the 20 years from 1831 to 1851, and he had been a
member of every Cabinet, except those of Sir
Robert Peel and Lord Derby, since the accession
ofLMr. Canning to power. So extended and so
various an experience in State affairs is almost
without a parallel in history, and the vigour of
mind and body which enabled him to lead the
House of Commons when he had passed the age of
eighty, has certainly been given to very few in
ancient or modern times. He has left none like
him—none who can rally round him so many fol-
lowers of various opinions, none who can give us so
happy a respite from the violence of party-warfare,
none who can bring to the work of statesmanship so
precious a store of recollections. It is impossible
not to feel that Lord Palmerston's death marks an
epoch in English politics. "The old order changeth,
yielding place to new." Other Ministers may carry
into successful effect organic reforms from which he
shrunk. Others may introduce a new spirit into
our foreign relations, and abandon the system of
secret diplomacy which he never failed to support.
Others may advise her Majesty with equal sagacity,
and sway the house of Commons with equal or
greater eloquence ' • but his place in the hearts of
the people will not be filled so easily. The name
of Lord Palmerston, once the terror of the Con-
tinent, will long be connected in the minds of
Englishmen with an epoch of unbroken peace and
unparalleled prosperity, and cherished together
with the brightest memories of the reign of Queen
Victoria.
HERALD.--The cold so heartily prayed for as a
safeguard against pestilence has come at last, and,
hardly here, has exacted a sacrifice in which every
Englishman bears a heavy part. The announcement
of the death of Lord Palmerston will be received
with universal regret, aggravated and intensified by
the suddenness with which the calamity has come
upon us. That an old man of eighty-one should be
carried off by the first access of winter's cold is so
much in the ordinary course of things that no one
could wonder or murmur at his removal. But before
the public generally had even learnt that the veteran
statesman was ill his long career had closed, and
the nation is deprived of its favourite before it has
had time to contemplate the possibility of its loss.
England has had statesmen whose names will
occupy a more glorious page in her history than
Lord Palmerston's, whose genius far transcended
his talent, whose devotion to their country's
service fully equalled, if it did not exceed, his;
but there never was an English Minister who was
so thoroughly the idol of his countrymen, because
there never was one who so perfectly understood
their character, shared so closely their feelings in
their strength and weakness, and secured so largely
their confidence. Political differences did not lessen
the esteem and goodwill with which he was generally
regarded, and Sir Robert Peel expressed the senti-
ment of the whole nation when, in the last speech
he was fated to deliver—a speech directed against
the noble lord's policy, and followed by a vote in-
tended to drive him from office, he exclaimed, 6, We
are all proud of him." The pride and the affec-
tionate regard have grown immensely since those
worde were spoken, and we have seen of late years
confidence in the noble lord even do the duty of a
political creed.
POST.—Pain and deep sorrow fall upon the coun-
try. Every family in England will learn with keen
regret that the great statesman of whom the nation
was proud has ceased to exist. In the fulness of
years and of honour, witnessing the triumph of his
policy, Lord Palmerston has, almost suddenly, been
called from among us. He has died, as he should
have died—in harness. The end of that glorious
life is complete. From youth to manhood and to
old age every day has seen him battling for his coun-
try. The veteran preserved the tire of his youngest
days, and none can reproach him with faltering
voice or failing thought. He has gone from us,
still in the plenitude of his intellect and in the
strong ability to fulfil the arduous duties of his post.
The greatness of the man will command its tribute
from all, far and near. By friends and opponents,
and in foreign lands, he is acknowledged as a
great representative man—emphatically " the Eng-
lish Minister." But though the loss be great,
nationally and politically, Lord Palmerston was so
good and kind-hearted that those who personally
mourn him can only appreciate how severe is
the bereavement to his thousands of friends.
The House of; Commons loses its leader, whose
voice its oldest members have listened to always
with respect, and often with enthusiasm. How that
manly form, with the folded arms, will be missed
from the Treasury bench ! How that clear loud
voice, enunciating strong facts or exposing the
absurdity of an adversary, will be lost from the
debates, only those can tell who know how in public
life sincere affection and true friendship are widely
felt in our great popular assembly I
DAILY News.-_A ripe statesman, a veteran diplo-
matist, the most experienced of party leaders, the
link of two periods of history, and of the old and the
new habits of thought, was yesterday taken from
among us. Europe will listen no more to the sound
of a name which has so often caused it to startle, if
not to tremble. The Parliament, which in the full
tide of his undiminished power Lord Palmerston
summoned to approve and continue his policy, will
never see the chief who guided so many of its pre-
decessors. Its party conflicts, its clashing of prin-
ciples, will rage unappeased by the great master who
has stilled so often the murmur of opposition and
the anger of discontented supporters. Better per-
haps that it should be so. The future will be less
acquiescent than the past, and better that a life
prolonged so far beyond the usual term should sink
calmly into the grave than that it should wear itself
out amid the storms of impending conflict. Better
that the sere leaf that has dallied in the long summer
sunshine should flutter gently to the ground in the
autumn stillness than that it should still adhere to
the topmost bough, to be tossed and torn in the
wild gusts of a rude coming winter.
ADVERTISER.—The nation isin profound sorrow.
singvhsaan
tianttel
whichall Yesterdayist-
the telegraphthfosrk
if lsnoa sgmdheoe
mdiadyi ssTtprhaessste
ohgcaeells cbeetedeon.aalinaltPicaierpt:t°feofdremost man in England has
tye has
as
been taken from us. Lord
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nahnneorshre by Palmerston is
ndateurade.
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One of the leading master
passed
during the last
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Advanced in years as the noble
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his fine manly person shall be no more seen, nor his
Our
sure, without one solitaryex-
ception, readersl
eepatr
itoy n
will,o ic
concurw bee
areanywith
more heard among us.
us when we say that, beyond
have occasioned such profound and
the
amongcirc le of
the
s thirtyth e Royalmio Family,millions
g
ofh
subjects, would erthemdsejastshtyo,sf -Bnorttoinshe
universal grief as is felt at the loss of the noble lord,
whose decease it is our painful duty this day to re-
cord.

TELEGRApir. _Lord Palmerston is no more !
and to-morrow, had he lived to see its dawn,
would have been his 81st birthday ; yet the news of
his death comes upon us all like a shock. True, in
one sense, it has been sudden, for the last and fatal
illness was rapid ; but what other death could be
called sudden at 81 ? His seems so, because, with
all our unspoken knowledge that his buoyant powers
were sinking, that his career approached its end,

that the than-cc of our ever seeing him take his place
again in council and debate was most unlikely, we

The half-yearly inspections of the Cavalry, Royal Artil-
lery, Royal Engineers, and battalions of infantry in the
Chatham district were brought to a termination yesterday
by Major-Gen. Sir Robert Walpole, K.C.8., Commandant
of the Forces, by the inspection of the Royal Engineers,
including the whole of the service and depot companies,
now at headquarters. The Major-General, accompanied
by the members of his staff,devoted the early portion of the
day to the inspection of the barrack building, non-commis-
sioned officers' and men's quarters, the schools, libraries,
offices, messrooms, &c., at Brompton-barracks. The whole
were found in generally satisfactory condition. Proceeding
to the headquarter offices, the books, accounts, and other
official documents relating to the corps wore examined. At 1
o'clock, after the men had completed their dinner, a parade
of the whole of the companies was formed in Brompton
barrack-square, in front of the men's quarters, whore the
Royal Engineers wore drawn up in open columns of com
panies, under the command of Lieut.-Col. T. B. Collinson,
in temporary charge during the absence of Col. J. L. A.
Simmons, C.B. After inspecting the kits, arms, and ac-
coutrements of each company, Major-Gen. Walpole asked
if there were any complaints to be made by any of the
men, as, if so, he was ready to hear them. No reply, how-
ever, was given to the question. The unfavourable charac-
ter of the weather, the rain falling, more or less, through-
out the day, prevented the customary movements incidental
to an inspection being gone through on the review ground,
Chatham lines, and at about 2 o'clock the officers and men
were dismissed to their quarters.
Orders have been received at Chatham garrison directing
Lieut. Clarke, 2d Brigade Royal Artillery, Ensign Bailey,
and Ensign Quirk, 2d Battalion, 13th (Prince Albert's)
Light Infantry, to embark on board the Isabella Blyth for
the Mauritius to join the head-quarters of their respective
corps.
The Helicon, Commander M. Singer, and the Salamis,
Commander F. G. Suttie, returned from their Channel
competitive trial cruise on Sunday afternoon to Spithead.
Both vessels are of 835 tons, propelled by paddle engines
of 250 nominal horse power (the engines of both being
made by one firm from the same set of patterns), and are
alike in every respect, excepting that the Helicon has the
long plough coulter-shaped bow, introduced into her Ma-
jesty's navy by Mr. E. J. Reed, Chief Constructor to the
Navy; and the Salamis possesses the Admiralty hatchet-
shaped form that was in vogue at Whitehall prior to Mr.
Reed's accession to office. Mr. Reed arrived from Lon-
don at Portsmouth on Thursday evening last, and em-
barked on board the Helicon to witness the trial,
the Helicon being also the senior officer's ship. The
programme laid down for the trial was for the two
vessels to steam ten knots on the first day at sea, and 12
knots on the second day, measurement being taken as far as
might be possible under the circumstances, of the amount
of fuel burnt. The third and concluding trial was to be
simply a ran back to Spithead, each vessel to do its best.
The trials at 10 and 12 knot speeds were duly made, but no
safe inferences can be drawn from the results until the indi-
cator diagrams now at the Admiralty have been marked out
and the indicated power of each ships engine comparedwith
consumption of fuel, &c. With regard to the ship's beha-
viour when steaming at 10 and 12 knots, there was never at
any time a sufficiently heavy sea to bring out decisively the
respective qualities of each vessel in meeting the waves at
full speed. The Salamis flung sheets of spray over the bows
in her usual liberal manner, but shipped no " green seas."
The Helicon, with her longer bow, rode the waves gene-
rally with greater ease than the Salamis, so long as she
kept her head well up, and passed the seas away under her
with the same easy motion exhibited by her on her first
run under steam outside the Isle of Wight, to which refer-
ence was made in The Sun at the date of its occurrence.
When, however, the Helicon dipped her bows deeper in the
waves than usual then she proved much inferior to the
Salamis in disposing of the opposing seas, for, unable to
inclined
bows, rid of the weight of water hanging on her
bows, she flung it bodily inboard in green seas. As has
been observed, however, there were no really heavy head
seas met with to fully test either of the vessels in this res-
pect, and therefore no positively fair comparison between
the two can perhaps be drawn. The 10 and 12 knot speed
runs having been concluded, the two vessels were put under
easy steam until a position, 335 miles west of St. Catharine's,
Isle of Wight, was reached on Saturday at noon. Then the
preparatory flag was hoisted on board the Helicon to start
on the race back, the winning-post being the Warner Ligh-
tship at the eastern entrance to Spithead, and the distance
350 miles. All was soon ready, but the start was delayed
for about half an hour, during which time the Salamis's
pressure of steam fell, her boilers filled with water, and her
fires necessarily grow dull. All this could not be avoided,
but it nevertheless gave the Helicon a decided advantage, as
it enabled her commanding officer to start her at his own
time-1 p.m., under a full head of steam, with clear fires'
and her head set straight on her course ; while the Salamis
had to get her head round from the westward, and start
with steam down to 191 b., and with dead fires. At the end
of two hours from the time of starting the Helicon had
obtained a lead of from two and a half to three miles, but
the Salamis's fires and steam were now all right, and her
engines were doing their best. By 4 p.m. the distance
between the vessels was but trifling, and by 1 a.m. on the
following morning (Sunday) they were fairly abreast of
each other, the green light of the Helicon being distin-
guishable from the fore-deck of the Salamis. At daylight
on Sunday the coal received at Portsmouth in the bunkers
of the Salamis was nearly all gone, and a very inferior
kind of coal, which had been 12 months in the bunkers,
having been taken on board at Copenhagen and Hull,
when the Salamis was in attendance upon the Prince and
Princess of Wales on the occasion of thoir visit to Den-
mark, had now to be burnt in the furnaces. The effect in
this change of fuel was soon apparent in the gradual