The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SAT[TgDAY EVENING, AUGUST 2, 1862.

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TIL SUN.

LONDON, SATURDAI, AUGUST 2, 1862.

The Premier 1,-----.
in his best cue last night.
It was better, to not
It
sure, than getting in a pas-
sion, and calling
naeu like t
M r. COBDEN dunces;
still, whatever the merit
his case, his speecb,
fora wonder, reads somewhat
'those of 3lr. COBDEN and Mr, DisRAELL The
first had, indeed, the advantage of
choosing his
line of attack, though Lord PALlaxas
Tozi could

hardly doubt what it would be, and Mr. DISRAELI
that of the summing up, as judge, after hearing

"the leading counsel in this great controversy
between the Liberal party and the Reform Go-
vernment." Still, we must say that we expected
something cleverer from the yet merry Premier of
three score and fifteen. He is, of course, always
stronger in banter than in argument ; it is
his constant and successful fence ; but on the
' present occasion, though good retorts were not
wanting, they were fewer than usual. His speech,
on the whole, produces the impression that the
" counsel for the Reform Government" felt that
that of the " counsel for the Liberal party" might
tell more than he wished, on the jury which
would hear all next morning, and which would
deliver its verdict at the next election.
But let us hear the counsel for the Liberals. His
speech was long, but certainly not wearisome. The
principal counts of his indictment were—the failure
of the Government to fulfil the pledges by which it
obtained office, and turned out the Tory Govern-
ment—on three points, Economy, Non-interven-
tion, and Reform. In regard to the first it was
pleaded that a return to Parliament showed the
PALMERsTON taxation to be the heaviest yet known
in time of peace. In 1830 taxation amounted to £2
4s. 11d. per head ; in 1840, to £1 18s. 2d ; in 1850,
to £2 ls. sd. ; and in 1860, to £2 Bs. ld. The Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer himself showed that the
taxation had increased in a duplicate ratio to the
wealth of the country. But that was not all, the army
and navy estimates this year are larger by £8,000,000
than those proposed by Mr DIsRAELI in 1858-9.
And while the other members of the Cabinet had
each their fair share of responsibility for them, yet
it was also fair to regard the Premier as theprimum
mobile of all this expenditure• Mr. COBDEN
rightly thought that Lord PALMERSTON would take
credit to himself for being so. And recounting the
details of the noble lord's policy, dating from the
Syrian war, which occasioned the first rise in our
estimates, he reckoned the noble lord had cost us
about £100,000,000 !
The sincerity of the noble lord was admitted,
but it was the sincerity of monomania, and it was
a monomania which had led to ceaseless agitation
on the naval expenditure, or rather strength of
France; for whatever strength France had, or has,
was gained at a small expenditure compared with
ours. Then came the clever illustration from
WHATELEY'S " Historic Doubts relative to NA-
POLEON BONAPARTE," from which Mr. COBDEN
quoted a passage amusingly descriptive of the way
in which the speaker wished to represent Lord
PALMERSTON as unloosing the pockets of the people
by the bugbear of a French Invasion_ So the
absurd and comic reasoner in WHATELEY represents
the Minister for the day doing in the time of
BONAPARTE. But this, says Lord PALMERSTON
and some of the press this morning, was rather a
satire of those who used such arguments. In Mr.
COBDEN'S speech, however, we do not perceive a
trace of reliance on the justice of the application of
the argument. It was quoted as a happy descrip-
tion of what Prime Ministers might do at any
time—if it did not fit WILLIAM PITT it does fit
Lord PALMERSTON, is how we understand the quo-
tation. We are afraid the cap does fit, for Lord
PALMERSTON only got rid of it by saying it did
not fit Mr. PITT. This, with his good leave, was
not the question. Which was—whether it fitted
him.

Of course in impugning the waste and extrava-
gance at the Admiralty and in the Dockyards, Mr.
COBDEN had easy work—but the point of the
charge was that the Liberal Government, in gettimg
rid of £30,000,000 of money had to she w for it but
one or two of the class of ships which are now con-
fessed to he the only efficient ones in a naval con-
flict. The cry is continually raised that the
French are outbuilding us, but we never hear of
any investigation into the doings of the men who
have spent such an incredible amount of
money, leaving us still so little superior
to our rival. A chief clerk of a mer-
chant, who had filled his own department
of the warehouse with unsaleable goods would be
cailed to account for it by the merchant. The
Liberal party, under the leadership of the noble
lord, will in like manner be called to account for
thirty million's worth of ships, which the Americans
openly tell us they do not fear. The Chinese wars
were naturally adduced by Mr. COBDEN as evi-
dence that the non-intervention pledges of the
Government, and indiscreet haste was alleged in
the case of the Trent. That the present war in
China has alone upset Mr. GLADSTONE'S budget
seems to be certain—as the troops kept there will
more than swallow up all Lis surplus.

But where the indictment on behalf of the
Liberal party against Lord PALMERSTON was best
sustained, was on the question of party. Indeed,
Lord PALMERSTON could offer no reply to it, but
that of throwing over party. It is now matter
of notoriety that the advanced Liberals, disgusted
with the Toryism and large expenditure of the
Premier, were ready to unite with Mr. Disraeli and
the Tories to turn him out of office. The result
was, that the greater part of the Tories deserted
their leader. " Some one got at Mr. WALPOLE in
the stable," as Mr. OSBORNE said of him, and
he who was to have been the Tory winner
threw up, because he, and other Tories with
him, thought Lord PALMERSTON a more effi-
cient Tory than any of their own number. It
could not be denied that under the leadership of
the noble lord every Liberal measure had retrograded
—the Ballot, Church Rates, Marriage Law, Burial
Grounds, Grammar Schools Bill, had all gone back-
wards, as well as Reform Bills. Even the night
poaching Bill had only one vote from him, and that
one to help it. Led as the Liberal party now is, its
conduct becomes slack, and the principles advocated
by the party lose ground. Counsel for the Liberals
says therefore, better than go on so let us go
into opposition. Our position now is that the
present Opposition have all the advantages
Ot Power, with none of its responsibilities. Con-
servative reaction there is none—it is an absurdity.
1314 there is such a thing as a Liberal Government
triumphing
over the great body of the Liberals by
the help 0
he Conservatives.
The defence
Lord PALMERSTON
may be almost
summed up in
in Ile sentence—the House and the
country went with bat.
made the main
point this • On what Mr. COBDEN {
1414 true. To every argument I
of M •
r COBDEN'S the PremierTile:tad reply that he
t for the Minister of aIS
d the most votes.
frmuch, too, in this
argument Country. The
will be, did
only
raustere
question the Minister
mislead the country
Lord PALMER
oN evaded
hether he had or had not main question, w
of invason, on whic played
hdanger sub.
toed by the people to haveject a Minister is presumed
the beat information. He appealed to the Voian_
teers, forgetting how he bad snubbed the movement
at the beginning, and forgetful, too, that it Was
very much advocated by many as a
means of rem.
dering unnecessary such an extravagant military
expenditure. He denies, and we only hope events
will justify the denial, that we shall be led into a
war in China ; and we may hope, after the warning
he has had, that ho will confine himself carefully
to the protection of the trading rorts. The
icharge of practical Toryism the Leader of the

House seemed little disposed to repel ; and
altogether we must think Lord PALMERSTON'S
speech of last night one of his tamest per-
formances.

While the French EMPEROR is indulging his
whims and fancies down in the little camp in the
vicinity of Vichy, now leisurely smoking a cigar-
ette, now good humouredly taking part in a dance
with a young village girI—GARIBALDI is still raving
against him in words of flame and fury among ex-
cited mobs of Sicilians. The " situation" in respect
to the Italian Question is, upon all sides, and to
the very last degree, equivocal. Ostensibly the
Government at Turin is, as we know and see by
each successive telegram, directly and flagrantly in
opposition to GARIBALDI. When the Popular Hero
denounces NAPOLEON as a Tyrant and a Traitor'
one after another the Ministers of King VICTOR
EMMANUEL rise immediately after the tidings of
these intemperate words have been
orfectehivelNG'S
received to re-
gret, in the name, and on behalf
Government, the lamentable fact of their
utterance—speaking in the very opposite way of the
French EMPEROR as a potentate to whom Italy and
the
an
Italians
te
have
eternal substantial reasons for acknow-
ledging debt
enunciation o f gratitude.of
opinions ayso
not
diame-
trically sat s
fied with
osed to those put forth (in the South)
opposed
by GARIBALDI, the Ministers of the Crown (in the
North) give instant orders for the dismissal, or for
the acceptance of the proffered resignation, of one
after another of those officials who have compro-
mised their responsible positions as representatives
of the Italian SOVEREIGN, by listening in silence
to the insulting language thus directed, in their
presence and in their hearing, against one of the
most august of that Sovereign's most intimate
allies ! Nor is this all, as indicative of
the opposition, at any. rate ostensibly mani-
fested, we repeat, to the present proceedings
of GARIBALDI, by King VICTOR EMMANUEL and his
Government. The troops bearing the flag of that
King, and receiving the pay of that Government,
are rapidily hastening in huge masses southwards to
withstand there any warlike attempts that may be
rashly adventured upon by GARIBALDI against the
ally of the de facto Italian Sovereignty! That
Sovereignty which so many renowned patriots have,
during so many years, ambitioned to render a sove-
reignty—one and indivisible. And now—when so
much has been actually accomplished in that direc-
tion—when provinces and principalities and king-
doms even (thanks to NAPOLEON in the
North ! and to GARIBALDI in the South !)
have been massed together under the bold
and vigorous kingship of VICTOR EMMANUEL :
now when all this has been trium-
phantly secured—is disunion again to be carried
into the Italian Camp by an untimely collision be-
tween the Popular Hero and the very Constitutional
Government he himself has been mainly instru-
mental in establishing ? Thousands upon thousands
of the Italian race, both in Italy and in Exile, are
beginning to ask each other this, to them, really
Momentous Question : with their,"whole heart in the
inquiry, and—every day be it said—with increasing
trepidation! When so much as been gained—is every-
thing now to be jeopardised? It seems so incre-
dible that it should be so, that the thought has
naturally suggested itself to many of the more keen-
witted lookers on in surrounding countries—as to
whether all we are now witnessing on the one
hand in Turin, and, on the other hand, in Sicily, is
not a mere pretence ?
It is remembered quite well that when
GARIBALDI sailed southwards from Genoa with
his few hundred armed followers the expedition
was as distinctly repudiated by the Govern-
ment of King VICTOR EMMANUEL as the Hero's
present designs are. Ministers at Turin when
asked as to the destination of the petty squadron
of the Great Italian Filibuster nrotested that they
knew nothing whatever about it—that they were
directly opposed to it—that they repudiated it. The
expedition afterwards being accomplished—as the
whole world knows—triumphantly nevertheless !
GARIBALDI—as CESAR had done before him—
going, seeing, conquering ! The ulterior con-
sequence of the exploit, moreover, being
that GARIBALDI, at its Close, with a sub-
lime disregard for that recent repudiation of him
and his proceedings—handed over the kingdom
of the Two Sicilies to VICTOR EMMANUEL and his
Government ! May not the same wily and specious
game that has been so well played before by the
Italian Ministers at Turin, be played by them once
more as adroitly, and with the like happy issue ?
Alas ! the circumstances,as they were then,and as they
are now, are so entirely different ! Then GARIBALDI
had opposed to him a faineant sovereign, whose hold
upon the last remnants of power was relaxing
under the influence of a sort of political
,paralysis.
Now, he would have immediately confronting him
and his little band of followers—no matter how
daring or how devoted—the representatives and
the avant garde, so to speak, of the might of the
whole Imperial army of France ! Besides this—
when GARIBALDI was meditating his former ex-
plea, the courts and the families of the KING and
EMPEROR were not so intimately allied as they are
now. Anything on the part of GARIBALDI that might
outrage the dignity of the French ruler, would (" it
needs no ghost to tell us this !") seriously compromise
the Italian ruler, under existing circumstances. The
more the actual "situation" comes to be scrutinised
in ail its bearings, the more anxiously must all
those who are really interested in watching the
secure and successful advance of the Italian cause—
the more solicitously, we say, must all those feel at
heart now that GARIBALDI is giving' fall utterance
to his burning words of indignation. And what
adds to the sinister effect of the whole crisis, is the
fact that, again, open allusions are being made,
very day more and more frequently, to the ominous
name of MAZZINI.

Another of Lord BROUGHAM'S contemporaries
has just disappeared from the scene. Professor
THOMAS STEWART TRAILL, born in 1781—and con-
sequently:when he died on Wednesday more than
an octogenarian—was the fellow-student of Lord
BROUGHAM and his set towards the end of the last
century at the University of Edinburgh. His
career as a Physician was of itself so successful as
to win him an eminence and a consideration that
he enjoyed increasingly during upwards of half a
century. Taking his degree as M.D. in 1801, and
settling (as such) in Liverpool in 1803, Dr. TRAILL
soon rose to distinction as a practitioner. What is
principally worthy of note in his regard, how-
ever, so far as his reputation with the public
at large throughout the United Kingdom is con-
cerned, is the circumstance that as recently as
ten years ago, and that at a period of life, conse-
quently, at which he had already passed the allotted
is more
of man, Professor TRAILL undertook, and what
fuie successfully accomplished, the herculean
task of
—ditiog the Eighth Edition (that is, of
( course, the
last
edition yet published) of THE
I ENCYCLOPZ
BRITANNICA For the discharge of
the heavy weight
ds devolving upon him in that
capacity, the venerable
and learned Professor, but
just now deceased,
Was
ooderfullv well qualified
He was qualified thus mainly,
of
*
course, by reason
of the variety and depth of
414 knowledge, more

particularly of the physical sciences. His parti-
cularextending beyond the boun-
daries proficiency praofFieonrcy Forensic
Medicine to the com-
paratively modern sciences of Physical
Geography and Meteoro!ogy. As befitted him,
in his leviathan-like capacity, as Editor of the
last Edition "Encyclopaadia Britannica,"
hewas known,
who knew him the most familiarly, as what is called
of the
and best of all by those
(but seldom with so much reason) " a veritable
walking cyclopedia!" Lecturing, only the week
before last, he stood during the whole hour occu-
pied by the task of his prelection. The fact of the
old man of eighty-one having done this, marks his
vigour to the last, both physically and intellectually.
Yet, at intervals, nevertheless, his health had for
some time past been failing him gradually, and on
Wednesday last, the 30th of July, 1862, he tran-
quilly expired, after a course of more than forty
active years' professoriate—keeping up, through all
his routine duties, we are told, his relish, as well
as his knowledge, both of the classics and of the
mathematics.

.RUMOURED MARRIAGE OF THE
PRINCE OF WALES.

Rumours prevailed at the various clubs yester
day, and so confidently stated that they more
resemble recognised truths than flying reports, that
the visit which her Majesty intends paying to Ger-
many in September is in some way connected with
the marriage of his Royal Highness the Prince of
Wales, the heir to the Crown of England. Whether
there is any ground for the rumours which so
widely prevail, or whether they are merely the re-
sult of ingenious speculations, we do not pretend to
determine. The statement which has found most
general currency is, that negotiations are in pro-
gress on the part of the Prince for the hand of
Princess Alexandrine, daughter of Prince Albert
of Prussia, who was born on the Ist of February,
1842, and who is, therefore, not quite three months
younger than the Prince of Wales. Another re-
port is that the King of the Belgians is desirous
that his Royal Highness should form a matrimonial
alliance with the Princess Alexandra, daughter of
Prince Christian of Denmark, who is heir pre-
sumptive to the Crown of Denmark. This lady
was born on the Ist of December, 1844, and is con-
sequently not quite eighteen years of age. Both
ladies are represented by those who profess to be
acquainted with them, to be worthy of the proud
position assigned to them, and calculated to obtain
great popularity with the people of England. If
the statement be correct that the King of the Bel-
gians favours the Princess Alexandra, no doubt she
will be the chosen one, and the alliance between
England and Denmark will be more closely than
ever cemented.

It is rumoured that Earl Granville is about to
marry the widow of Mr. Gosling, the banker.

The Duchess of Roxburghe and Lady Charlotte
Ines Ker have left the Clarendon Hotel for Floors Castle,
N.B.

MISS AVONIA TONES.—This classic and talented
actress is engaged at the Adelphi Theatre, and will make
her first appearance on the 11th of August.—Era.
A curious fresco was recently discovered at
Blunham Church, Bedfordshire, representing the Descent
from the Cross. It displays certain exaggerations of style
and feeling which may indicate it to be a work of date
about the end of the 15th century. The drawing is said to
be excellent, a characteristic of that period.
The memorial to Samuel Crompton, inventor of
the spinning mule, which is to be placed in Nelson-square,
Bolton, will be, inaugurated on the 15th of September,
The peal of eight bells, so well known to visitors
of the International Exhibition, contributed and so often
rung by Messrs. Warner, has been purchased for the Ca-
thedral at Auckland, New Zea;and.

COTTON.—Notwithstanding the falling-off in the
supply of cott&n last year, the amount devoted to its pur-
chase exhibited a large advance. Thus the computed real
value of the American cotton imported last year into the
United Kingdom was £26,549,717, against £26,597,208 in
1860, and £23,627,772 in 1859 ; of Brazilian, £556,652,
against £499,829 in 1860, and £561,947 last year; of
Egyptian, £1,279,840, against £1,246,346 in 1860, and
£1,104,766 in 1859; of East Indian, £7,278,637, against
£2,997,000 in 1860, and £3,204,748 in 1859 ; and of miscel-
laneous supplies, £275,309, against £226,747 in 1860, and
£263,327 in 1859. The aggregate total value of last year's
import was consequently computed at £35,940,055, against
£31,567,180 in 1860, and £28,762,560 in 1859. It will not
escape attention how largely India has profited by the pre-
sent crisis.

INVITATION OF MR. GLADSTONE TO NEW-
CASTLE.—In compliance with a numerously signed requi-
sition to the Mayor, a meeting to invite the Chancellor of
the Exchequer to partake of the hospitality of the metro-
polis of the north was held on Thursday, in the Guildhall,
Newcastle, under the presidency of his worship. About
50 gentlemen were present. A resolution of invitation to
the great Financial Minister was carried. Mr. Jos. Cowen,
jun., suggested that Mr. Cobden, to whom the successful
negotiation of the French treaty was principally due,
should be jointly invited to the banquet with Mr. Glad
stone. The proposition appeared to be favourably re-
ceived, but nothing was done to give effect to it.—New-
castle Ch onicle.

THE LATE SIR WILLIAM DON.—The success of
the talented comedians, Sir William and Lady Don, in
Australia, has never been exceeded or equalled by any
artist except G. V. Brooke; and up to the night before his
death the same proportionate success attended their per-
formances. From a statement of the receipts and shares
arising from the engagements, in Australia, of Sir William
and Lady Don, from 21st January, 1861, to 18th March,
1862, both days included, it appears that the total persons
admitted amount to 236,031; sum received, £26,665 6s 6d ;
from which £9,833 is ld had been deducted for shares to
his agent, managers of theatres, &c., leaving a balance for
Sir William and Lady Don of £16,832 5s sd.—.Era.
NORTH EASTERN RAILWAY: YORK, Friday.—
The following dividends have this day been resolved upon
by the directors of this company :—Berwick, at the rate of
4± per cent. per annum ; York, at the rate of 3 per cent, per
annum; Leeds, at the rate of £1 17s. 6d. per cent. per an-
num ; and Carlisle, at the rate of 6 per cent. per annum.
_ _

MORMON RECRUITS.—About 200 of the disciples
of Brigham Young arrived at New York on the 9th of July
in the packet ship Windermere, from Havre. A New
York paper describes them as all—men, women, and chil-
dren—quiet, inoffensive looking, blue-eyed Swiss, but the
charms of the female portion seem to have been sadly im-
paired by hard manual labour, and, judging from their
round shoulders, hard bony hands, and flat broad feet, they
had spent a considerable portion of their time in perform-
ing tasks for which the rougher sex are specially intended.
They left next day en route for the Great Salt Lake. Since
the beginning
of the present year about 2,500 Mormons
have arrived at New York, and gone West to swell the
number of Brigham Young's followers.
THE WOOL SALES.—The third series of colonial
wool sales for the present year commenced on Thursday.
The catalogue comprised the following :-1,319 bales
Sydney, 978 bales Port Philip, 475 bales New Zealand
279 bales Van Diemen's Land, 67 bales Adelaide—total
3,118 bales. The attendance of buyers is reported by
Messrs. Richard Dutton and Son as large, and the biddings
spirited, and the prices of the last sales are well supported
The present series will continue until the .11th of Septem-
ber, and the quantity arrived to this date is as follows :
Sydney, 31,434 bales ; Victoria, 25,696 bales ; Van
Diemen's Land, 9,792 bales; Adelaide, 9,173 bales; Now
Zealand, 15,800 bales; Swan River, 114 bales; Cape of
Good Hope, 15,206 bales—total, 107,
THE CONSERVATIVE LAND SOCIETY IN NORTH
ESSEX.—A public meeting was held at the Three Cups
Hotel, Colchester, last Wednesday evening, July 30, for
the purpose of hearing explanations a2sltsobtahlees.
mode of allot-
ment of an estate. just purchased
Escio:
M.P., took the chair. the Mersea-Road,
Col-
chester. P. c
Viscount Ranelagh, Col. B. Knox, M.P., J. C. Cobbold)
Esq., M.P., and Col. Meyrick, members of the board, were
unavoidably absent. The deputation consisted of Henry
Pownall, Esq. (Chairman of the Middlesex Magistrates),
Charles E. Newcomen, Esq. (director), Mr. Gruneisen
(secretary), Mr. Henry Smith (solicitor), and Mr. J. Wyl-
son (surveyor) ; and the Mayor of Colchester was pre-
vented by indisposition from attending the meeting, but
there was a large assemblage of the principal inhabitants of
the town. The speeches were principally directed to show
the value and importance of land societies in a social and
commercial point of view. The system of buying land, and
paying for the same by instalments, as also for raising funds
to erect houses oa the land so acquired,were fully gong into
At the conclusion, a Tote of thanks was unanimously passed
to the deputation for their lucid explanations, and the reso-
lution also embraced a vote of confidence in the working of
the Conservati7e Land Society. Aftez the usual compli-
mentary vote t) the chairman, the pi oceedings terminated.
I t is intended by the executive committee to set a part a
piece of land fir the erection of a church on the Mersea
Estate, the freehold being given free of any charge.
REGISTERED LETTERS.—Tbe fee for registering
letters will be reduced from and after to-morrow (August
1) from sixpence to fourpence, and the time of registration
to be Wended until the closing of the letter-bag for each
despatch. Letters containing coin must be registered in
future, or they will be liable to a double registration fee,
or oightpenee on delivery.

LATEST NEWS•

NAPLES, AUG. 1 (Evening).
It is asserted that the number of Volunteers at
Corleone continues to increase.

Garibaldi is daily expected to arrive at Messina.
A rumour is current that an American vessel
laden with arms has arrived at Palermo.

The official Giornale di Napoli of to-day says—
The French have abandoned their positions on
the Roman frontier and have concentrated them-
selves at Terracina, Velletri, and Frosinone. A de-
tachment of Pontifical troops stationed at Alatri has
retired to Fereutino. The French troops posted at
Frosinone have fallen back upon Rome. About a
hundred young men who had been prevented from
disembarking on the coast of Sicily, and from con-
tinuing their way to Palermo, have arrived at
Naples. The Government has despatched reinforce-
ments to Sicily, and energetic measures have been
taken to arrest the departure of any expeditions."

LISBON, AuG. 1, Evening.
The New Loan was sold to-day at 4 per cent.

premium.
The Old Portuguese Stock is quoted at 471- to 48.
There are no signs yet of the mail steamer Mag-
dalena, from the Brazils, now overdue.