The Sun.
London, England, 1862-12-01 00:00:00

. .
_
• •
e.•l •
• • ) • r V`, r '
0""10
•
e • t .45 .
, - Vat 'o* •••• _ . . .
\\l "• #l,‘ '
,
, 4W
i
. .
'y
t); , •
d obzi
.tions
• air '4"L
, 4l -0,0 • '
' • -♦
ROiT ••V mond
. ft,nd t'
..... • `l2
existe.

SIT

which took the first prize in class 2 also obtained the Pre-
sident's.prize for the best animal, shown by an exhibitor
who was also the breeder. Thii was Mr. George Pitt,
Chadnor-court, Dilwyn near Leominster. In class 3 (cows)
to the animal which gaineil the first prize was also awarded
the £2O, as the beat Hereford in the yard. Class 7, for
short-horn cows, was a very fine class, not an inferior ani-
mal in i 1; the winner of the first prize was also awarded
the £2O extra as the best short-horn exhibited, and the gold
medal. For this distinc*n there was a formidable compe-
titor in Mr. SwinnertOniKshort-horn ox, which obtained
the first prize in class and which gained a prize in
Bingley-hall last year, d was also the second best ani-
'nal exhibited on that OCCASIon. Class 8, short-horn heifers
—No less than 16 animal were shown,;Mr. Robert Ten-
nant, of Scarcroft,..near Leeds, taking the first prize. The
Devon classes were rather better filled than usual. To the
winner of the first prize for animals exceeding three years
and three months old was also awarded the extra £2O; the
exhibitor was. Mr. W. Smith, of Southernhay, near Exeter.
In the class for Devon steers not exceeding three years and
three months old the second prize was awarded to an animal
exhibited by. Major-Gen. the Hon. A. N. Hood, his late
Royal Highness the Prince Consort being the breeder. In
the class for De'ven-cows the first prize was withheld. In class
15, for pure breeds (except Scotch and Welsh) and cross
breeds, the prize and gold medal, as the best animal in the
yard, was awarded to Mr. James Stewart, of New Market,
Aberdeen,
Inn-
keepers'. Cup, ..••
The Scotchub .
to whom Was also awarded the prize' of the Inn-
Sitas,,lrere4tAli'epresented. The first pfize
in class 18 ( or steers) was awarde/b to Mr. James
Stewart, of New Market, Aberdeen. To this animal was
also awarded the extra £2O as the best Scotch breed shown,
but there was a very formidable competition for this ; a hei-
fer Shown by Major Wollaston, of Shenton Hall, Nunea-
ton, which obtained the prize in class 19. The Welsh breeds
were poorly represented as to numbers, and in the extra
classes there was no entry. , The competition in all the
classes was very great, as was evidenced by the number of
times the judges had the 'animals out; also by the lateness
of the hour—past seven o'clock—before the labours of the
judges of cattle had concluded. The commendations were
numerous.

the clergy, especially those of the Rotnish faith. It
is absurd to talk of such a word as earnestness being
applicable to the coloured race, but to the fulleet
extent of their powers detestation of the Yankee is
expressed by the negroes. I trust, hereafter, to
have full opportunities of collecting details of
negro fidelity under trying circumstances during
this war; for the present it will be enough to
state that not one of those prophecies which we
have all believed and been deluded by in
England with regard to the weak spot of slavery
festering at the heart of the South has found one
tittle of realisation. Women and children without
one adult white male have constantly lived in the
voiceless solitudes of the South surrounded by
negroes ; in no instance known to me has anything
but the greatest loyalty and affection been evinced.
Again and again the slaves have fled from the
Yankee army into the swamp to escape from com-
pulsory freedom, and there is abundant evidence
that if a being so morally weak and nerveless as
the African could be made to fight for anything, he
would fight for slavery much rather than for liberty.
President Davis's slaves all escaped into the swamp
when his plantation was devastated by the Federals
rather than Accept the manumission which was'
eagerly proffered, not because the Federala love the
slaves, but because they hate Jefferson Davis.
It seems to me that half an hour in Richmond
would satisfy the most rabid Unionist of his own
infatuation ; but if that half-hour was passed in the
society of President Davis, and any faith in the
restoration of the Union nominally survived, the
only inference would be that the Union was either
knave or fool, In a former letter from the North I
expressed the opinion that Mr. Davis was the ablest
living American ; that impression is more than con-
firmed by intercourse with him. The President is
one of those calm, firm, undemonstrative men, in-
clining to reticence, but if interested easily led on
to animated conversation, who belong to a type
which, strange to say, seems to abound in the South,
and is at variance with the imputed impulsiveness
of these children of the sun. In many interviews
with Northern men of rank it has never been my
fortune to encounter one whose mind was not made
in the same mould with that of his fellows, who had
not travelled along the same macadamised road of
learning along which, though pursuing it to diffe-
rent lengths, the 20,000,000 of the North undeviat-
ingly advance. An interview with President Davis
reveals to you an American with striking originality,
whose mind has made its own road as it journeyed,
who has thoughtfully profited by its own experi-
ences,aud got beyond the set phrases and the primers
which circumscribe vigour and reach of thought.
Each word is slow, weighty, and luminous, the coun-
tenance and voice agreeable and convincing, the
mouth one of the firmest that ever were set in mor-
tal head. The President looks spare and worn, but
speaks cheerfully of his health. There is nothing
to justify the repeated allegations of Northern
papers that he is physically at his last gasp.
A month in the Confederacy has taught me what
a tremendous power, beyond the unanimous resis-
tance of the inhabitants, the North is contending
against in the vast dimensions of the area it is
striving to subdue. I have hitherto but grazed the
edges of the great State of Virginia, but in order to
do this day after day has been spent in the saddle,
hundreds of miles have been ridden, and a notion of
the difficulty of advancing an army has been gained
from the experience of a single horseman seeking
food and shelter for his horse and himself. From
Gen. Lee's advanced posts four days (three in the
saddle and one on the railroad) are required for the
journey to Richmond, though the distance is less
than 200,4niles. But _the rocky road of the Blue
Ridge Make 30 miles on horseback a good day's
journey. As for food and forage, it is almost as
difficult to procure as in Central Africa. It is into
this country, rendered additionally ineccessible by
the destruction of the railroad from Harper's Ferry
to Winchester, and of more than 30 miles of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railway, that the clamour of
the North will probably compel Gen. M'Clellan,
keeping open vastly extended lines of communica-
tion, to advance upon an enemy which will fall back
as he approaches, and fight him exactly in the posi-
tion which best suits the views of Gen. Lee. If an
advance had been made by General M'Clellan any
time during the last month, there is excellent
reason to think that it would have immediately
been countered by a corresponding advance of
General Lee into Maryland. But now that the
Potomac is daily rising, and the fords are,
generally speaking, impassable for artillery,
fresh tactics are required, and General M'Clel-
lan's advance will bo responded to, not by a corre-
sponding advance into Maryland, but by a retreat
into the heart of Virginia. The confidence gene-
rally entertained here that if General M'Clellan
should advance it will be to his ruin is based upon
the fact that no such army as that now commanded
by General Lee has ever been in the field to oppose
him since the birth of the Confederacy. Whenever
the history of this war is fully written, the world
will be aghast at the disparity of forces with which
battle after battle has been won by Southern gene-
rals, and especially by General Jackson. Perhaps
no greater instance of daring is recorded in civi-
lised warfare than that exhibited when, at the end
of last August, General Jackson threw himself at
the head of 18,000 men behind General Pope's vast
host, and gained decided successes, to be converted,
when General Longstreet joined General Jackson,
into headlong routs. The same confident self-re-
liance was displayed when General Lee, at the head
of not more than 35,000 men, preferred to fight the
battle of Sharpsburg rather than retreat without a
battle, as he might have done. The best commen-
tary upon the Maryland campaign is found in the
two facts that Harper's Ferry, with 12,000 men
and an untold number of guns and abundant muni-
tions of war, fell almost without costing a life into
the hands of its assailants, and that seven weeks
have this day elapsed since the battle of Sharps-
burg without any serious attempt being made by
General M'Clellan to provoke another battle.
Perhaps there is no spot in the Valley of Virginia
which tells its tale of the desolations of war more
forcibly than the junction of the two forks of the
Shenandoah river, in the immediate neighbourhood
of Front Royal. The beautiful and abounding
river, of which one branch runs along either side of
the bluff mountain of Massanutten, until the two
come together at its north-eastern base, rushes
rapidly over the limestone rocks of its channel and
was once traversed by three bridges, whereof one
carried the Manassas Gap Railroad over the trunk
stream, and the other two spanned the two forks
before their junction, and carried the mountain road
from Front Royal to Winchester. The forlorn and
mutilated piers in the centre of the stream are
now the sole relics of what once must have been
noble bridges. Everywhere along this mountain
road the ravages of war are more clearly perceptible
than between Staunton and Winchester. Every
farmer has his story of horses and kine stolen by
the Yankees, and cornfields and forage devoured by
both armies. But such is the wealth of nature here
that after two brief years of peace the whole face of
the valley would smile as of yore, and little visible
evidence of the shock of men would remain to tell
,h
the tale. In a short time the two forks of the .1 e••
nandoah will scarcely be fordable, and the com-
munication between the forces at Gordonsville and
the forces at Winchester mast be sustained by roads
higher up the valley. Reports represent General
M'Clellan as threatening to advance at Berlin and
Lovettsville, on the eastern side of the Blue Ridge.
It will be obviously dangerous, even though the
Potomac may be ever so d
General Jackson and General
eJe.Pt for him to have
E. B. Stuart on the
western slope of the Blue Ridge ; but in any case
he will find it " a far cry" from Lovettsville to
Richmond. Any advance from this quarter would be
laughed at in this city were it not simultaneously
sustained by a threatened advance from Suffolk and
Petersburg.
It would appear that the campaign in gicutuekv

'ED ....sd.

The sheep pens were well filled. Of Shropshires and long
wools the display was probably the finest ever seen at this
exhibition. South Downs were not quite so good as usual.
The pigs will bear comparison with any previous exhi-
bition here, and it has always been first rate in that depart-
ment. The Berkshire breed maintained its ascendancy.
Of poultry there is a magnificent display, every species of
domestic fowl being represented. There is also a good col-
lection of pigeons.

711 E SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY.

(From the Times Correspondent.)
RICHMOND, Nov. 5.
It is very obvious that the next 30 days are to be
momentously eventful in the history of this war.
It is probable that the last and most desperate effort
of the North, mad© simultaneously by an army
somewhere in the neighbourhood of the position
now occupied by Gen. M'Ciellan, by another ad-
vancing from Suffolk, by another under Gen. Rose-
crans in the West, by another advancing along the
Mississippi River, and finally sustained by naval
attacks upon Vicksburg, Charleston, and Mobile,
and, perhaps, elsewhere, will fall like an avalanche
upon the Southern States and strain every joint in
their harness. They are fully alive to the danger,
and confidently prepared to meet it. It is idle to
expect that they will not meet with reverses ; but
one thing alone may be incontrovertibly asserted,
they will never be subdued and never brought back
into the Union. It is of very little moment to assert
that Richmond will never fall, although such is my
confident belief; but no man with eyes and ears
open can doubt that the fall of Richmond will bring
Mr. Lincoln not one whit nearer to the restoration
of his supremacy over the 800,000 square miles
which are lost to him and his successors for ever.
Gen. Lee is in Richmond, and has been here for
the last three days, but returns to-day to his post.
A portion of his army is falling bacVtowards
donsville, iri the neighbAhoodtif winch place Gen,
Longstreet's corps d'ardiee :s already posted, hiving
crossed over to the east of the Blue Ridge. General
Jackson and a considerable force still protect Win-
chester and the valley behind it; but the whole
army is sufficiently held in hand to be rapidly con-
centrated on Richmond if occasion demand. The
danger is (as has long been expected)from the South.
A very considerable force of Federals is assembling
at Suffolk. They already number from 30,000 to
40,000, and are constantly being increased. Their
obvious design is to seize Weldon, and thus inter-
cept Richmond from its chief link of connection
with the South, and then to advance upon it from
the South, while M'Clellan makes a simultaneous
attack from the North. Gen. Lee's difficulties are
obvious. If Richmond was off his shoulders he
would soon give Gen. M'Clellan and his army
enough to do on the Potomac, but with the im-
mense facilities of Water carriage commanded by
the North, an enormous Federal force can at any
moment be thrown into Suffolk, and before any-
thing like an equal force can be assembled to meet
them the railroad can be cut at Weldon, Richmond
isolated from Charleston, and an attempt made to
turn the flank of Drewry's Bluff and attack from
the southern side. Gen. Lee must keep his large
and finely appointed army-1 mean finely appointed
in comparison with its condition on many previous
occasions—within reach of Richmond, and can ven-
ture upon no aggressive operations against Gen.
M'Clellan's army (which under other circumstances
would be greatly relished both by Gen. Lee and
his inferiors), because of the prc I.ection which he is
forced to extend to Richmond.
N irapidlyte
n at s h
s the o
f true
the
The danger may appear imm:. nent, but diminishes
n
troops oapffsatirhsrowis ncoinnstiodesruedf_.
Suf-
folk are green recruits, and the experience of this
war has reversed such precedents as Waterloo, and
shown that en the Federal side raw recruits are
worthless. There is good reason to think, if well
officered, they would fight decently, but the raw
officers have always set the most pernicious example
to their troops. There have of course been indivi-
dual exceptions, but generally speaking the officers,
as soon as they are brought under fire, have been
the very first to throw down their arms and demo-

ralise their inexperienced troops by setting an ex-
ample of flight. There is not much danger to
Richmond from twice 40,000 of such troops, unless
Gen. M'Clellan reinforces them with some more
experienced officers and men, who will raise their
tone. If he does this he will greatly weaken his
own army and set Gen. Lee free to act entirely
against the assailants of Richmond from the South,
while Gen. Jackson will be fully a match for Gen.
M'Clellan in the North. Again, in reference to the
attacks upon Charleston and Mobile, it may confi-
dently be asserted that General Butler's reign at
New Orleans will make the resistance at every
ys
he has hoped and iontshteer seaboard
adofinspirciintgy
terror, as
desperate, and that,
in-
tended, he has inspired only such loathing and
aversion as have not been known on earth since the
days of the Duke of Alva. And these are the people
among whom the Union—a union not only of
interest but of affection—is to arise again ! And
these are the people whom Mr. Cassius M. Clay and
other Northern !spokesmen believe would combine
join heart and soul in
g:and, which has
n and to tread the
eawa irwtnhea
sr tt hl
yaegi rstriven
ruetnsoos ffoo rffesne
ndaidnn dg
neither
difficult path of justice towards each, it shows how
little the true state of the South is as yet known
and appreciated by the North.
It
ais n
and
guarded interesting
the to observe how much more reti-
cent Southern
press, wholly unre-
strained by censorship or supervision, is than the
muzzled and stifled journals of the North. General
Lee has been in this town for three days, and every-
body in the streets has known it; not a word to
that effect has appeared in print. Possibly it might
be useful to General M'Clellan to be aware of this
fact, and the instinct of a people whose affections are
in their cause is a truer guide to discerning where
silence is desirable than the surveillance of Mr.
Stanton and his myrmidons. In the annals of civi-

in support of a war has
wonder Tahned admiration to the
lined warfare such harmony
women are a never-
failingnev er been
source

stranger, And next to the women in earnestness are

---1 t

-i- -'

VS P. PER

-

,ervcd in the Lot that utarly Tittass.,
copied into Northern papers from the Rich-
! press are extracted from these two joutuaie,
he appearance of dissension, which has no real
lice, is thus pre2euted t.o Nirthern eyes.

THE 31E77OPOLIIAN RAIL WAY.

Nothing definite has yet. trunspited us to the
opening of this line of railway. The repeated delays
and postponements which have taken plc.co in the
matter have led to some very unfavourable ceia -
merits as to the condition of the line. Mr. Fowler,
tho engineer, in his last report to the directors,
slated most confidently that everything would be
ready for the opening by the Ist of October lust.
Tho bursting of the Fleet Sewer was assighed as a
cause of delay, and when all the damage occasioned
by this accident had been repaired, a further cause
for postponement was found in the necessity for
arranging or adapting the system of working the
signals. Then it was found that the carriages which
had been built for the railway were too wide, and
that the doors could not in consequence be opened
in the tunnel. They were, in fact, made some ten
inches wider than the ordinary carriages of the
Great Western Railway. This blunder has, we be-
lieve, been now rectified by reducing the width of
the carriages. One reason for not opening the line
was, however, put forward, which, unlike any of
those already mentioned, had really no foundation,
viz., that the delay was occasioned by difficulties in-
terposed by the Great Western Railway, who had
undertaken to work the'line. So far from this being
the case, the Great Western Company have been
prepared at any time, within the last three months,
to undertake the working of the railway, and no
blame whatever can be attributed to them in this
respect. The Great Western Company are prepared
to abide by, and to carry cut the working arrange-
ments in the fairest and most honourable manner.
iimong the, rumours which have been current dur-
ing the last week, as to the cause of delay, are some-
of a very grave nature. It was stated that the
works connected with the new Fleet sewer were
not sufficiently strong, that a very large portion of
the bank of the cutting near the Sessions _Rouse,
Clerkenwel, had given way, and that ;the recon-
struction of a large part of the retaining wall in
some other parts near the line of the sewer would
be necessary. This last report, we are glad to learn,
has been considerably exaggerated. There is a
portion of the line between the station and the mouth
of the Coppice-row tunnel, the retaining wall of
which had not been built up in brickwork. It was
a part at which the branch line to run under Smith-
field was to diverge, and here the bank was kept up
only by a short wall and some piling. A portion of
the earth slipped, but it was only to a trifling extent,
and scarcely sufficient to interfere with the line on
the permanent way. There are other reports of an
unsatisfactory nature as to the condition of some
part of the brickwork in the tunnel, but we are un-
able to ascertain whether there is any foundation
for this report. It is impossible to say with cer-
tainty when the line will be opened for traffic. No
day for the official inspection has yet been named.
The directors of the Great Western Company have
done all in their power to complete the arrange-
ments, the station masters and guards and porters
are appointed, and the answer now given to all in-
quiries on the subject is that the opening day will
not be delayed beyond the middle of the month.

CHARGE 01 MURDER IN THE VIC 2 MA. DOCK-ROAD.