The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-03 00:00:00

THE SUB, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 3, 18(95.

LONDON; FRIDAY, NO IT. 3, 1865.

-t-

Mr. GLADSTONE'S speech in the evening at
Glasgow was as successful as that in the earlier part
of the day, and the right hon. gentleman touched
upon many points which interested his audience,
and led them on to consider the leading questions
of the day. The working men of Glasgow pre-
sented an address to the right hon. gentleman, they
being desirous to pay him a compliment similar to
that which they offered to Lord PALMERSTON some
years ago. After disclaiming many of the flattering
allusions to his services which had been mentioned
in the address, Mr. GLADSTONE admitted that there
was truth in that part of the President's discourse
which called him a " working man." As such, he
was proud of being presented to an assembly
of working men. There was great force in
the observations made subsequently to this by the
right hon. gentleman, who, in stating the benefits
that accrued from " personal contact" between
public men, and the masses of the population, he
said that the nineteenth century, whatever else it
was, " was undoubtedly in a new and peculiar sense
the century of the working man." This is an ad-
mirable definition, and contains more truth than
many of the fine-sounding phrases and flowing sen-
tences which we hear at meetings and assemblies.
In many important respects we realise the justice of
Mr. GLADSTONE'S explanation, for many events
have occurred recently which our forefathers would
never hare believed to be possible. The labouring
classes of the kingdom have made steady progress
within the last few years, and their industrial ex-
hibitions, their institutes, and various minor mat-
ters have testified to the extent and importance of
their efforts.

Mr. GLADSTONE took the propefview of the great
Social question of the doings and position of the
working men, neither over-estimating nor
unduly depreciating it, but according it its
true and honourable place. He said that
by the laws of PROVIDENCE the working men and
their families „lil;,t
ever constitute the great
majority of the community, and therefore all who
had right feelings must consider those circumstances
of the deepest interest which appertain to their
welfare. Yet we must avoid conveying the impres-
sion that what has been done for the benefit of the
working classes as a favour, as the Chancellor of the
Exchequer rightly plirased it, we have only been
performing a dutyin so doing. The review
which
we here meet with of the various circumstances and
several influences which have changed and moulded
ne position of the working men is most interesting,
and may confidently be commended to the attention
of the reading public, as affording an admirable
epitome of events which have made our age memo-
rable, and insured it an honoured place in the his-
tory of the future.

Free Trade, of course, occupied a conspicuous

place in these causes, and the right hon. gentleman
carefully explained how some years ago the labour-
ing classes suffered great hardships on account of
the many taxes which pressed so heavily on their
resources, and greatly increased their " legitimate
cares and anxieties" regarding their means of subsis-
tence. The materials for the construction of houses
were all heavily taxed, bricks and wood, and even
iron, being subject to heavy duties, while
glass, so important for cleanliness and com-
fort, was enormously increased in price.
Compared with the past the present con-
dition of affairs has improved in a wonderful
degree, and the working man finds that nearly all
the duties on the necessaries of life, bread, meat,
cheese, butter, fresh fruit, eggs, &c., are entirely
and absolutely free. Mr. GLADSTONE created
amusement by stating that he hoped they would all
consume a great deal of sugar, because that would be
to his interest. The eloquent expounder of these
happy influences on the course of the lower classes
did not forget the Minister in the Statesman, and
while he acknowledged that it would be a very con-
summation to arrive at, if all the " comforts " of
life were as free as the " necessaries," he would not
compromise himself by any awkward admission.
" I do not come here to flatter, or mislead, and
am bound to say that whether my great grand-
child may, or may not, live to see that consumma-
tion arrive, I have not the smallest expectation of
seeing it myself."

The consideration of the articles called " stimu-
lants" next engaged attention, and in pursuance of
this theme the right hon. gentleman expressed
himself very sensibly. He said that he did not
come among them in an ascetic spirit, for as
he did not deny himself the use of these articles
he could not, in consistency, declare that his hearers
should be prevented from enjoying them. The con-
clusion drawn from these subjects of inquiry is, that
the State is in a very satisfactory condition, its pros-

perity contributing to the necessities of the Exche-
quer as well as its greatness, and we find that what
is required for decency is left untaxed,w.nd even

the comforts of the population are not subject to
such large imposts as they were. Fifty years ago
the taxation of the country amounted to £3 10s. per
head, but now it is very little over £2. Still this
is not quite a correct estimate of the progress made,
becaUse more money is spent in proportion
nowadays, and all wages have considerably increased.
The more easy access to the periodical press was
mentioned by Mr. GLADSTONE as a great boon to
the working classes, forming, indeed, a new era in

the existence of the lower orders of this country, for
what was at one time the luxury of the rich has
now become the privilege and " accessible enjoy-
ment" of the community. The right hon. gentle-
man concluded his impressive speech by giving some
wise advice respecting labour. The efforts of the
Legislature have frequently been directed in the
humane attempt to prevent undue labour of an
exhausting kind among the young and feeble, but
much still remains to be done in this respect. Mr.

GLADSTONE wisely considers that the Stat© cannot
enforce prudential habits, and that it is
wiser to afford people the opportunity for prac-

Using carefulness, and then leave them free to avail
themselves of it, or not, as they are inclined. For

this end have been constituted the Post-office
savings-banks, and the bill for facilitating the sale
of annuities, and the granting of life assurances for
small sums. The struggle between capital and
labour is a very serious matter to engage considera-
tion, and the right hon. gentleman did wisely to ad-
vert to it in a discourse which embraced so many
topics of interest and importance to the working-
man. lie did not apprehend any evil consequences
so long as it was conducted by fair and above-board
means, and a full recognition by each party of the
rights and claims of the other. Speaking as a
Minister of State, and as a representative of law and
authority, Mr. GLADSTONE does not see what they
have to complain of in the working-classes—but

they have yet to learn the " great lesson respecting
the rights of minorities." What is involved in the
consideration of this subject, and among the defini-

tions, may be ranked the privilege of introducing
machinery wherever it may be substituted benefi-
cially for human labour. Again, in some trades, the
men are so short-sighted that they stop the labour
of women and boys ; the labour of strangers is also
prohibited. Mr. GLADSTONE denounced these prin-
ciples as " unsound" where general prejudices and
claims interfered with the moral right of individuals,
and he confidently predicted that as progress Was
made by the working community in everything that
tends to dignify human nature, that so would these
vexatious restrictions disappear.
The right hon. gentleman will, to-night, deliver
his valedictory address as Rector of the University
of Edinburgh, which will no doubt afford great
interest and excitement to his auditory. Yesterday
the Lord Provost of Edinburgh presented to the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, as Rector of the
University, the bust of Prince ALFRED, which has
been given to the University. The right hon. gen-
tleman made some appropriate remarks upon the
suitability of this elegant gift, and expressed his
conviction that the Lord Provost, in according a
tribute to the meritorious conduct of the young
Prince while a member of that. University, had only
done justice to his Royal Highness. Mr. GLAD-
STONE also commented upon the wise course pur-
sued by her MAJESTY and the late PRINCE CONSORT
in the education of their children. The " young
scions of the Royal House have partaken of the
studies of their fellow-countrymen," and thus
gained an insight into the spirit of the people, that
cannot but provo of inestimable service to them in
after years, whatever may be their responsibilities.

Another of those political banquets which, at this
season of the year, begin to break the dulness of the
Parliamentary recess, has been given at Oxford,
where several members of the two Houses of Par-
liament delivered addresses in the course of the even-
ing. The loss which the Liberal party has sustained
filled naturally a Prominent place in their remarks ;
and Mr. CARDWELL, especially the colleague of the
late Minister, confined himself principally to it. He
observed that for one-tenth of the history of the
House of Commons Lord PALMERSTON filled a pro-
minent place in its councils ; and he added an
anecdote which proved how remarkable were the
circumstances of his career. Mr. CARDWELL 'was
walking to the House with Lord MACAULAY
one evening when Sir ROBERT PEEL was in the full
zenith of power and popularity, and Lord MACAU-
LAY observed that it could not last, for Sir ROBERT
PEEL was 60 years of age, and all the precedents
of the Commons forbade the idea that any man
could be First Minister and Leader of the House
long after that age. Lord PALMERSTON'S career
has been a forcible contradiction of such a theory ;
and indeed, if we accepted it, we should consider-
ably narrow the circle of our foremost statesmen.
Mr. CARDWELL, in a mixed company, naturally
avoided the identification of his lamented leader
with any particular policy or party, but he said,
with justice, "If it be true, as the great historian
of Greece said of Pericles, that Athens under his
government was not so mucb a democracy as a
monarchy under the first of her citizens, it has been
scarcely less true in the days of Lord PALMERSTON,
that it was not his success as a party leader so much .

as it has been the pre-eminence willingly conceded
by members of all parties to an individual states-
man whom they regarded as the full exponent of
his countrymen."
Lord ABINGDON and Mr. HENLEY were naturally
more political than personal in their speeches, and,
as is very often the case at these provincial ban-
quets, while deprecating the introduction of any
controversial topics, they both plunged in medial res
with very little delay. Lord ABINGDON'S speech
was principally an eulogium on Lord RUSSELL, and
laid the credit of even the Commerial Treaty to his
share. Who was it, asked Lord ABINGDON, that
held the seals of office of the department through
which that negotiation passed ? And, of course, he
answered his own query by bringing forward the
name of Earl RUSSELL. Ile professes the greatest
confidence in the future of the Government, and
especially in the noble lord who is at its head, though,
as Lord ABINGDON expresses great indignation on
the German question, it is marvellous that he should
think Lord RUSSELL a competent Minister to deal
with those unscrupulous Powers. Mr. HENLEY, of
course, thinks very differently, and is far less san-
guine. Indeed, he tells us plainly that it is a
singular coincidence thattwo great misfortunes have
marked the advent of the noble lord to power.
Nineteen years ago he succeeded Sir ROBERT PEEL,
and the potato famine heralded his advent to office.
Now he is attended by the cattle plague, but as that
has unfortunately been raging for a good many
months the noble earl need hardly have the credit
of it. Mr. HENLEY remarked that Mr. CARDWELL
had been discreetly reticent, but that Lord ABING-
DON, not being burdened by the responsibilities of
office, was less careful. However, from neither of them
could he obtain any indication whether "Rest and be
thankful," or " Move on," is to be the watchword.
Mr. HENLEY has a good many sharers in his per-
plexity, and he may be pretty certain that if the
noble earl and his immediate followers consult their
own inclinations, " Rest" would be the motto ;
while, if he has any regard for the necessities of his
position and the requirements of the time, " Move
on" must be the cry. Which of these influences
will be in the ascendant is a problem which we
must leave next February to solve, contenting our-
selves with the reflection that the new Parliament
will not display such amiable unanimity on domes-
tic questions as sanguine Ministerialists profess to
believe.

The China has made another of her rapid pas-
sages, and has brought us news down to the 26th
ult. The Fenians, according to the latest intelli-
gence, have remodelled their organisation on the
plan of the Federal Government. A President, a
Cabinet, a Senate, and a House of Representatives
are henceforth to form the constitution of this in-
tangible nation. Buildings in New York are to be
engaged for Government purposes. The Fenians,
apparently, have never sufficiently studied the
moral of the fable of the frog and the ox,
and they are going to take the trouble to
learn for themselves what they might have
learned by the experience of others. We
are threatened with another raid into Canada, this
time by the illustrious Fenians ; but unless the Fe-
deral Government thinks proper to second their
efforts pretty vigorously, there is not much reason
for apprehension. It is said that President JOHN-
SON, in his interview with Mr. STEPHENS, de-
clared that universal negro suffrage would pro-
duce a war of races, but that he favoured a gradual
introduction of qualifications for the suffrage of
negroes. In this view he will be supported by wise
and temperate men of all parties, since it is mani-
fest that, to force so complete a change upon
an unwilling people and untrained, uneducated
negroes, would be to bring a curse upon the
blacks rather than a blessing. The emancipation
of the slaves has been effected by a violent convul-
sion of the States, and a complete overthrow of the
social system. Surely then it is wise to allow time
for the people to get reconciled to the change, and
to let its most startling features die out before
attempting anything further. This is the more
necessary and advisable since the negroes, as a race,
are ignorant and uneducated, and political influences
or privileges are as yet to them but empty words. It
would be unreasonable to expect him as a race
to form an intelligent, unbiassed opinion on
public affairs, and the real consequence of
negro suffrage would be, that it would give an
immediate ascendancy to that New England
party which is already too strong for the internal
tranquillity of the nation. We find Mr. WENDELL
PHILLIPS, one of their most vehement members,
has recently been making a speech recommending
the House of Representatives to impeach President
JOHNSON for his leniency to the South, and for his
neglect of the interests of the freedmen. The ques-
tion is whether Mr. JOHNSON was elected to serve
the interests of the New England party or to take
heed to the welfare of the whole nation. If the
latter, he is certainly doing his duty best by follow-
ing a course which is slowly, but surely,
reconciling the Southern States to the su-
premacy of the Washington Government, and is
blotting out the feuds and antagonisms left by the
terrific struggle of 1861-65. Mr. WENDELL
PHILLIPS, we know, favours extermination and
confiscation in the purest interests of humanity and
equality ; but the Democratic party has
some almost equally troublesome members.
President JOHNSON has a great deal to contend
against in the North as well as in the South, and it
is only fair for his critics to weigh his difficulties
before they pass judgment too hastily on his pro-
ceedings. He has at least escaped the charge of
harshness and cruelty in his dealings with the South,
and before long, perhaps, the North may acquit
him of disregard of their interests.

SIR HENRY LYTTON BULWER.—The late ambas-
sador leaves to-day on board the Caradoc for Malta,
where, or at Palermo, he purposes to pass the winter. On
Monday Sir Henry had, by special invitation, another
wholly private audience of the Sultan, at which Mr. E.
Pisani, first dragoman, alone attended. The interview was,
we have reason to believe, most cordial on the part of his
Majesty, who expressed himself in terms of gratitude and
personal esteem seldom if ever before addressed to a foreign
representative. The audience lasted nearly an hour, and
at its close Sir Henry proceeded direct from the palace on
board the Caradoc, where, shortly afterwards, he received
the separate adieus of every leading member of our com-
munity, and of many who, without pretending to the
epithet, shared as cordially as the most prominent the
general regret at his departure. To-morrow, Lord Lyons
will receive the merchants and other members of the Bri-
tish community who may desire to be introduced to him
by her Majesty's Consul-General.—Levant Herald, Oct. 25.
The former Ministers of Austria, M. de Schmer-
ling and M. de Plener, will sit as deputies in the
Diet of Bohemia.

A letter from Graz, in the Fremdenblatt of Vienna,
states that General de Benedek is to return to Italy
to resume the command of the Austrian army in that
country, immediately after the expiration of his
leave of absence.

Baron de Soden, who for the last ten years had
been Attache and Secretary to the Legation of
Wurtemburg at Munich, has been appointed Secre-
tary of Legation at Berlin, and at the same time
Charge d'Affaires for Wurtemburg at the Court of
the Kingdom of Saxony.
Accounts from Berlin state that M. May had
made an application to cease to be a citizen of
Prussia, but that his demand was rejected. The
prosecution of the deputies Twesten and Frentzel
for speeches delivered by them in the Chamber,
having resulted in their acquittal, the affair has
been carried before the superior court.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE INSURRECTION IN ALGERIA.
PARIS, Nov. 3.

The Moniteur of this morning says :—" Rumours,
evidently exaggerated, have been circulated relative
to the state of affairs in Algeria. The only facts
certain are that on the 9th of October Si Lala made
his appearance in the southern districts of Algeria,
with 2,000 horsemen and 1,400 soldiers on foot.
Eunez has been beaten, and is in full retreat, and
will be pursued as far as the season of the year will
allow."

THE GREEK MINISTRY.
ATHENS, OCT. 31.
M. Bulgaris has persisted in his refusal to form a

Ministry.
M. Deligergis thereupon, after having had severs:
audiences of the King, has accepted the task of
forming a Cabinet.

The King has promised that Count Sponneck
shall leave the country next spring.

DEAL, FRIDAY MORNING.

A large steamer is reported to have been sunk off
the South Foreland at 5 o'clock this morning by
collision with the French war steamer Dix Decembre,
Capt. De Veva. Part of the crew are on board the
French man-of-war, which has taken a pilot, and
proceeded to Gravesend.

FRANCE.
MARSEILLES, Nov. 2.

The Messageries Imperiales steamship Said, with
the India and China mails, arrived here at 9 p.m.
to-day.

The Moniteur gives an account of the ceremony
of inaugurating the People's Library at Trouville,
an institution created by M. Emile de Bonnechose,
the historian, with the co-operation of the principal
inhabitants of the country. That gentleman, as
president, occupied the chair on the occasion, and
was supported by M. Edmond Blanc, Sub-Prefect
of Pont-l'Eteque ; M. Leclerc de Lannoy, Mayor
of Trouville ; M. Brenay, Mayor of Deauville ; M.
Dalloz, Deputy for the Jura ; Count d'Hautpoul,
Sir Joseph 011iffe, and other persons of note. The
chairman delivered a very able address, pointing out
the advantages of the institution to the working
classes, who, by having well-selected books at
their disposal, would be able to increase the infor-
mation which they had begun to acquire at school.
The grand object of the society which had founded
the library was to develope the intellectual and
moral condition of the people, and so render them
more capable of fulfilling their duties in life. When
M. de Bonnechose, who was frequently applauded
during his eloquent observations, had terminated,
several other gentlemen spoke, all approving in
the most unreserved manner of the new institu-
tion, and bestowing the highest praise on the Pre-
sident for his unwearied exertions in forming the
library. In the course of the proceedings a list was
read out of the works already collected, 500 in
number, and among the names of the principal
donors were those of M. Duruy, Minister of Public
Instruction, and Mgr. de Bonnechose, Archbishop
of Rouen. The society has already established two
prizes for the teachers in the arrondissement who
shall obtain the best result in the classes of adults,
and has decided on opening during the coming win-
ter a gratuitous class of drawing applied to the arts
and another for orpheonists.

BOURSE, Nov. o'Clock.—The settle-
ment on Rentes is taking place very favourably,
and the market is remarkably calm. The price
paid for carrying over (report) is moderate, though
dearer than last month. It has varied from 13c. to
7c. on the Three per Cents. On Italian Fives the
price paid is 27c., 2f. 50e. on Immobiliere, 2f. 75c
on Orleans, lf. 50c. on Lombard, and 2f. on Spanish
Mobilier. Credit Mobilier Shares have a de'port of
The. The deport on North of Spain is 75c. Threes,
for the Account, are doing without variation at 68f.
Credit Mobilier have advanced 6f. 25c.—to 875 f.
Italian Fives have declined 10c.—to 65f. 10c. New
City Bonds are in great demand at 487 f. 50c.
Mexican 49g. The tours de compensation is fixed as
follows :—Rente Three per Cents. at 68f., Four-
and-a-Half 96f. 75c. Treasury Bonds 458 f. 75c.
The weekly returns of the Bank of France show a
further decrease of more than 12 millions of francs
in the bullion account, and an increase of nearly
43 millions in the pertefeuille. Three o'Clock.—
Stocks and Shares have been firmer, and have closed
at the following higher quotations :

41 per Cents 96 50
Do. end month —

3 per Cents.
Do. end month 6B 10
_ _

Credit Mobilier ... 882 50
Do. end month ... 878 75

Bank Shares 3660

Credit Foneior 1325
Italian Loan 65 10

Do. end month 65 05

RAIL),

Ditto Threes —
Roman
Mexican Loan 5O
Do. Bonds 317 50
Russian —
Austrian
Spanish Threes
Home Debt
Deferred

Orleans
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard

Acct.
- ... 820 -
- ... 1092 50
... 845 -
- ... 557 50
... 530 -
- 531 25
... 218 75
398 75
... 425

...
North of Spain 2OO
Saragossa — ... 237 50
Ditto to Barcelona — -- --
Homan

- - ... 173 75

BANK OF FRANCE.

PARIS, Nov. 2.
The following is the return of the Bank of France
for the week ending to-day, together with the cor-
responding figures of the previous account :

AMERICA.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)
ARRIVAL OF THE CHINA.
( Vici Crookhaven.)

NEW YORK, Oct. 26 (Evening).
The Georgia State Convention assembled yester-
day. The Governor announced that the State debt
incurred before the war must be valid, but the rebel
debt would be ignored.
The court for the trial of Captain Wirtz has been
adjourned, and the verdict has been submitted to
the President for final action.

Wendell Phillips has made a speech recommend-
ing the House of Representatives to impeach
President Johnson.

The Teutonia and the Hansa have arrived ou.
and the Africa at Halifax.

NEW YORK, Oct. 24 (Evening).
The Fenian Congress has remodelled the Fenian
organisation after the plan of the Federal Govern-
ment. There is a President, a Cabinet, a Senate,
and a House of Representatives. Colonel John
Mahoney has been elected President. A committee
has been appointed to draft an address, embody-
ing the recognition of the Irish Republic, which
will have buildings in New York for Government
purposes. The Fenian Senate is now in session at
New York.

The Toronto correspondent of the Herald asserts
that the Fenians will organise a raid into Canada.
The North Carolina Convention has passed a re-
solution to raise a State militia force to prevent
anarchy.

President Johnson, at a private interview with
George Stevens, declared that if universal negro
suffrage was allowed it would breed a war of races.
He favoured a gradual introduction of qualifications
for the suffrage for negroes.
General Grant has recommended a plan for the
increase of the regular army to 75,000 men.

The Hibernian has arrived out.
COMMERCIAL.

NEW YORK, Oct. 26 (Evening).
Money tight. Gold, 145+. Exchange on London,
158 ; on Paris, 3.58. Stocks advancing. New York
Centrals, 974; Illinois, 13:41 ; Erie, ; Five-
Twenty Bonds, 103 f. Cotton very firm : Mid-
dling Upland, 59. Flour declining. Wheat quiet.
Corn slightly firmer. Provisions heavy. Coffee
and sugar quiet. Molasses steady. Petroleum dull.
Crude, 36 ; refined, 59.