The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-21 00:00:00

7HE WAR IN AIIfERWA.

We extract the following from a letter which
appears in the columns of a contemporary :
" As it is improbable that any very decisive events
will occur before winter sets in, it is important to
consider what will be the relative strength of the
armies next March, should the war unhappily con-
tinue. Suppose that the nominal force of the North
at the opening of
.this campaign will exist in reality
next year. It is, indeed, difficult to imagine how
the Washington Government will support and handle
in the field 700,000 men. Whatever the number of
men, there are limits to the supply of arms, stores,
transport, and the power of floating paper money.
Were the North next month to call for and obtain
another million of men, this, so far from adding
to its strength, would weaken it. They must be fed
and paid, and they could neither be brought into
the field nor used there to advantage in a country
so ill adapted for the operations of very large
armies. But, taking 700,000 as the number on the
one side, what will be that on the other ? It may
he safely estimated that the Confederates have now
300,000 men under arms, and that in March next,
after the new levy has come into action, they will
have 450,000, including irregulars and all branches
of the service. If, then, the attempt to subdue
the country has proved futile when the propor-
tionate strength was as 500 to 150, what will be the
prospect of success with the numbers as 700 to 450?
%%Tith these elements, and basing a judgment upon
the experience of the past, there cannot be a reason-
able doubt of the ability of the South to maintain
its independence."

Mr. Chase informs us that he is spending at the
rate of £155,000,000 sterling a year. The whole in-
come of the Federal Government when the war
began was £11,000,000.

EAST CUMBERLAND AGRICULTURAL
SHOW.

At the dinner of the East Cumberland Agricultural
Society, G. H. Head, Esq., of Rickerby House, presided ;
the Hon. Charles W. G. Howard, M.P., officiated as vice-
chairman.

Mr. R. FERGUSON proposed the health of the members
for the city.

Mr. LewsoN, M.P., in returning thanks on behalf of his
absent colleague and himself, said be did not know that
during the last session of Parliament there were any sub-
jects discussed having a particular bearing on the agricul-
tural interest. The last session, if not one of the most in-
teresting, was certainly one of the most unexciting and
uneventful of any they had seen for years past. At the com-
mencement they seemed of such friendly dispositions and
so quiet, and seemed so to agree with one another, that the
old simile of the happy family seemed perfectly applicable.
(Laughter.) But this blessed calm did not continua the
whole session. (Laughter.) After a while the trump of
war was blown, the battle was set in array, and the hostile
forces faced each other—(laughter)—but when they ex-
pected the shock of battle the opposing party left the field
find left them in possession cf it. (Laughter.) It was one
of those things which would have given the greatest plea-
sure to his volunteer friend—a sham fight. (Laughter.)
Members of Parliament were in the habit of getting up and
confessing their faults and saying they had done very
little, but he did not know that any great complaint had
been made of this. Some were of opinion that the House
of Commons was a perfect reflex of the national wishes,
and the reason why they did not carry any great measures
was that they were not wanted. (Laughter and cheers.)
He congratulated the gentlemen who held that opinion
that the theory was consistent with the prac-
tice—the theory being that the country wants the
House of Commons to do nothing, and the prac-
tice that they do it uncommonly well. (Laughter.) One
thing they never neglected—they never neglected raising
the revenue. (Hear, hear.) Their rulers wished them tobe
well prepared against any foreign foe, and the cheerfulness
with which the country bore a taxation unheard of in times
of peace was most extraordinary, and in some respects most
gratifying. (Hear, hear.) But they could not conceal from
themselves that if bad times should continue, and if the con-
flict across the Atlantic should not be brought to a conclusion,
they would have great difficulty in raising the enormous
revenue. (Hear, hear.) No Legislature or bad Govern-
ment had conduced to the distress they saw, and he did not
know that any measure of the Government could afford relief;
and although they could do nothing to stop the miserable
conflict which was now going on in America he was sure
he expressed the feelings of this meeting when he said
they most earnestly longed for a message to arrive which
would proclaim the restoration of peace on the other side of
the Atlantic, and restore prosperity to our own suffering
classes. (Cheers.)

The Hon. C. HOWARD, M.P., proposed " The Mayorand
Corporation of Carlisle." There might be times of diffi-
culty in Carlisle, and it would require all the energy of the
Mayor and Corporation to do what was in their power to
relieve those who have been hitherto employed in the cot-
ton manufactures. He hoped the time might soon come
when peace would prevail between the North and South.
(Hear.) Enough bloodhad already been shed, and he hoped
the North would now see it was not in their power to make
conquest of the South. (Cheers.) But while he said this he
did not wish his feelings should be misunderstood. It would
be a grievous thing to humanity if the South, in addition to
obtaining their independence, should acquire any consider-
able extension of territory—(hear, hear)—as it would be
likely to lead to the greatest evil that can happen mankind
—the extension of the system of slavery. (Cheers.)

Mr. BENDLR responded, and called attention to the fact
that he had not fulfilled his promise of providing a bull, as
the Mayors did of old, for the benefit of the city.
(Laughter.)
Mr. P. H. HOWARD proposed the health of the Presi-
dent of the society in complimentary terms, and in the
course of his speech he alluded to American affairs.
He said he trusted the time had arrived or was very
speedily to arrive, when the intervention of this coun-
try and the other Great Powers of Europe might re-
store peace to that land—so that we should be able to
claim those high promises and blessings bestowed and
proclaimed as belonging to peace makers in Holy
Writ. (Cheers.) We know that unless in a state
of complete exhaustion, neither of those mighty belligerents
van sue for peace, and, therefore, peace must come from ex-
ternal well-wishers. We are by no means so unpopular in
the United States as the more exaggerating portion of the
press of that land would seem to say ; and he believed va
should lose more by any coldness and indifference to their
lot than by anything like active intervention. By thus
restoring peace to that land we should also restore pros-
perity to our suffering operatives. (Cheers.)
The CHAIRMAN replied in a lengthy speech, in which he
traced the progress of agriculture.in the last few years. He
advocated the introduction of improved breeds of stock, and
new machinery, and pointed out the advantages of deep
drainage and other modes by which the fertility of the soil
could be increased.

Capt, JAMES, of Barroch Park, in proposing the health
of the Judges, referred to the remark made by the chairman
about farming by the almanack. He thought our ancestors
were not so far wrong. From his cwn experience he knew
that on fallow wheat SOWD. before Brough Hill, and on
other land wheat sown before Martinmas would be nine
times out of ten better than if sown at other times—(hear,
hear)—and he had also found that oats sown on the I,t of
April would be nine times out of ten better than if sownon
any other day in the season. (Hear, hear.) He called on
the judges not to be mealy-mouthed, but if there was a blot
in the show to tell them what it was, (Cheers.)
Mr. FORSTER haNing replied, speaking highly of his de-
partment, Mr. FAWCETT proposed " The Vice-President,::
who replied. Mr, LAWSON, M.P., proposed "The Press,
suggesting the formation of a farmers' club in Carlisle. Mr.
W. STEEL responded on behalf of the representatives
present. _ _

The SECRETARY read the following report of the Tn-
spectora of Green Crops :
GREEN CROP,—INSPECTOR'S REPORT.
" To the Committee of the East Cumberland Agricultural

Society.
instructions we "Gentlemen,—Agreeable to your i, em etition
pro-
ceeded to examine the different lots entered for
for th, prizes offered for the best competition
num-
ber of competitors was large, beignrgeennoc
and, being spread over a great extent
, and required a good
of fewer
country, th
entailed fi
f te e n
a considerable amount of
deal of time; but for whiclhabour
ded by having to examine crops
o
p ,
we e 5 10: I t r
ewuing
sufficiently
s upe rrieowr a tro-
to the unfa-
what we had expected to mee For witharms above 150 acres
there
vourable nature of the season.
a careful examination of the dit-
there were four entries, and for farms under 150. acres
were 11 entries, and after
orebtne
premiattendedum for
grteoe
green
by c
iaenpy, one who may
we award the
ferent points required
wish to compete for
coin e
as of farms to Mr. Robert Graham,
prize for the larger
the smaller class of farms to Mr. John
Holm Gate, andrtyr. And we feel we should be wanting in
Harrison, Pi e
which, in offering those premiums, hope,'
duty to tholjeoc
)ietYto encourage an improved mode ofculti-
vating f we did not suggest to some of the corn-
to be able thereby
crops,'
greent they might have ha their land more clean,
and that they
andgot This
and the turnips better thinned U. recom-
however, we are glad to say, applies only to a
mendation,
very few, several of the oth.ers, as well as those to whom
we have awarded the prizes, are not only very good
crops, but are well got up and deserve to be highly com-
mended, more especially after the unfavourable nature of
the weather during the past season —We are, gentlemen,
yours
Robert Armstrong." , Thomas Donald, Thomas Wright,
The Chairman, in complimentary terms, proposed the
health of the Secretary (Mr. Thomas James), who re-
sponded.—The Vice-Chairman gave " The Successful Com-
petitors," to which Mr. Birkett, of Broonahills, replied.—
The Chairman gave "The Unsuccessful Competitors," to
which Mr. Ballantyne responded.—Mr. Donald gave " The
Tenant Farmers," to which Mr. Gibbons respcnded in a prac-
tical speech,—Mr. P. H. Howard gave " The Town and
Trade of Carlisle," paying a passing tribute of admiration
to the late Sir James Graham and Mr. Blamire, as two
great columns of agriculture. Mr. Irving responded, and
proposed the health of the Treasurer (Mr. John Dalton)
who acknowledged the compliment.—Mr. W. Lawson pro•
Posed " The Bonnie Lasses of Cumberland," simply saying
" May their shadows never grow less."
The proceedings thus concluded about half-past coven
o'clock,