The Sun.
London, England, 1862-11-06 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, rHURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 6, 1862.

PUBLICATIONS.

Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
`LAVES OF THE RING;
Ki DR, BEPORE AND AFTER. By the Author of
"Grandmother's Monty," &c.
" A very good story. The reader cannot but feel interested
in the loves, the joys, and sorrows of the Sl4ves of the Ring.'
It is no small praise to say that the present talepossesses,
in
almost every respect, tiie good qualities of the author's pre-
vious works."—Observer.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great lfarlborough-street.

ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF " LES MISE itABLES."
Second Edition, Now Ready, Complete in 3 vols., 31s. 6e1.,
LES MISERABLES. By VICTOR Huoo.
The Authorised English Translation.
" The merits of Les Miserables' do not merely consist in
the conception of it as a whole ; it abounds page after page
with details of unequalled beauty."—Quarterly Review.
" Having carefUlly ex mined Mr. Wraxall's translation of
this celebrated novel, we can conscientiously recommend
it to the public as a perfectly faithful 'Version. In its present
form 'Les Miserables' stands a very fair chance of having as
wide a sale as the French edition."—Examiner.
Hurst and Plackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

Now ready, in 2 vols. crown Bvo., price 245., with Portrait
and Graphic Illustrations,
"OHRISTOP HER NORTH:"
A MEMOIR, OF JOHN WILSON,
Late Professor of' Moral Philosophy in the University of
Edinburgh.
Compiled from Family Papers and other sources, by his
Daughter, Mrs. GORDON.
"This glorious book has come to make a sunshine in the
shady place of a season which is already making its dreari-
ness and bleakness felt.—Daily Review, October 24.
"From his infancy to the hour of his death he displayed a
force of character, a vigour of intellect, and a rectitude of
conduct deserving of' admiration, and every portion of his
life has been worthily recorded by his daughter "—Observer,
October 26.
" The authoress has related its details with so much f9el-
ing and pathos, that, as a trite expression of natural affection,
to praise it would be impertinent."—Times, October 27.
Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. London: Hamil-
ton, Adams, and Co. ; and all Booksellers.

This Day is published,
THE NORTH BRITISH REVIEW.
No. LXXIV. NOVEMBER, 1862.

CONTENTS.
I. Christian Individuality.
IL The Austrian Empire in 1862.
111. Poems by A. B. Clough.
IV. Assimilation of Law.
V. France and Scotland.—M. Michel.
VI. Popular Prophetical Literature.
VII. Syria and the Eastern Question.
VIII. St. Clement's Eve.
I. The American Conflict
Edinburgh ; T. and T. Clark ; London : Hamilton, Adams,
and Co.

TICE SOLICITORS' JOURNAL.
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Is. Office —59, Carey-street, Lincoln's-inn, W.C.
EDWARD J. MILLIKEN, Proprietor and Publisher.

from Cork third, made her own running into theiMoors
where she increased her lead at every fence, and jumped
into the open about 200 yards in advance of Broomstick.
She then cantered home with the field widely spread be:
hind her. She finally won by 10 lengths, Greenwich Fair
was a bad third, and the judge placed them all.
Match for 50 sous. 12st each. Three miles.
Mr, Jones's Tyrone, aged (B. Land, jun.) 1
Capt. DixGn's The Friar, aged (Mr. Thomas) 2
Betting-7 to 4on Tyrone.
The Friar made running to the hurdles before the water
jump, which he refused and knocked Tyrone over the ropes.
Land was quickly in the saddle again and followed at a dis-
tance of about 100 yards, not approaching his adversary
until he had gone through the enc osure and came urn
the open; he then gradually caught him, jumped the last
hurdle at his side and won easily by 20 lengths.
A Handicap Plate of 40 sous for all ages. The second re-
ceived £lO. Five furlongs. Yr inner to be sold for
£5O.
Lord Coventry's Mousetrap, 4 yrs, 7st 131 b.. Adams), 2
1
Mr. Lincoln's Gasconade, iyrs, sst 91b.. Grimsuawi -
Mr. J. Parkes's West-ender, 5 yrs, 7st 101 b (car. 7st 121 b)
u.s tance) 3
Mr. Sadd's Commander, 3 yrs, 6st 81b ........ (States) 4
The following also ran :—Jessie Brown, Vesper, Mar-
celine, Warrener, Paresseuse, Maydew, Lord Chanellor,
Crown Diamond, and Strawberry Hill.
Betting—Even on Mousetrap, 4 to 1 agst Gasconade, 7
to 1 agst Paresseuse, and Bto 1 agst Strawberry Hill.
The race was run after dusk, and Gasconade was restive
at the post. The horses then got of together at the first
attempt, and, as soon as they were near enough to be seen
the two favourites were espied in front. Mousetrap won
easily by a length ; West-ender was a length from Gas-
conade, and Commander three lengths from the third.
Maydew was fifth, Jessie Brown sixth, and Vesper
seventh. The winner was sold to Major Hope Johnstone
for 155 guineas.

SIR DAVID BRETVSIER'S ANNUAL

ADDRESS.

The winter session of the University of Edinburgh
was opened on Monday afternoon by the Principal,
Sir David Brewster, who, as usual, delivered an
introductory address, in the course of which he
touched on many topics.

PHYSIOGNOMY.ofthe He said that one characteristics of the age
in which we live was its love of the mysterious and
marvellous. "I refer to the so-called science of
physiognomy, but more especially to
the morbid
expansion of it called the physiognomy of the
human form which has been elaborated in
Germany, and is now likely to b '
o tam pos-
session of the English mind. In want of
any other arguments, our physiognomists assert
that it is simply probable that the outer form
would be designed on purpose to represent the
mental character, and on this ground they dogmati-
cally declare that the expressions of rage, or grief,
or fear have been ' divinely designed on purpose
that the inner mind may be known to those who
watch the outer man.' The persons who use such
arguments and have recourse to such assumptions
never propose to make an inductive comparison of a
certain number of well-measured forms with the
well-ascertained mental phases with which they are
associated. Were such experiments made, they
would yield no result. No two physiognomists,
acting separately, would agree in measuring and
characterising the forms and indications of the
head, the features, the hands, and the feet of the
patient; and no two individuals—neither the saga-
cious judge on the bench, nor the shrewd counsel at
the bar—could determine his real character were
they to conjure with all the events of his life. In
this new physiognomy, a head large in the mid-
region indicates a predominance of the feelings over
the other faculties. A proneness to superstition and
fanaticism is shown by a little increase in the ele-
vation ; and a head large behind evinces practical
ability, and, as Dr. Carus says, characterises a race
which will give birth to great historic names!
Small heads, however, are not to be despised. They
indicate talent, but not genius, while very small
ORES belong, he says, to the excitable class, from
whom ' a great part of the misery of society arises.'
In the varying expressions of the human face, the
physiognomists find a better support for their viewi;
That the emotions of the past and the present leave
permanent traces on the human countenance is
doubtless true, and to this extent we are all physi-
ognomists, often very presumptuous ones, and, ex-
cepting accidental coincidences, always in the
wrong, when we infer from any external appear-
ance the character and disposition of our neighbour.
In every class of society we encounter faces which
we instinctively shun, and others to which we as in-
stinctively cling. But how frequently have we found
our estimates to be false ? The repulsive aspect has
proved to be the result of physical suffering, of
domestic disquiet, or of ruined fortunes; and un-
der the bland and smiling countenance, a heart de-
ceitful and vindictive, and ' desperately wicked,'
has often been found concealed."
THE PATENT LAWS.
Later in his address he alluded to the patent laws,
and the recent attempts that have been made to pro-
cure their abolition. " You are all aware that the
author of any literary work, however small be its
dimensions, and however frivolous its subject, en-
joys by the laws of E
En land the sole right of pub-
lishing it for 28 years, and during the rest of his
life. The only tax exacted by the law, and that
only for the benefit of the public, is the presentation
of five copies to the principal libraries of the king-
dom. The artist, the engineer, the draftsman, the
geographer, the hydrographer, and the sculptor
enjoy the same valuable right, and so complete is
the protection afforded by the law that piracy is
almost unknown ; and works thus secured consti-
tute a property which can be as safely transferred
as land or money in the funds. It is otherwise,
however, with the inventor of new machines, new
instruments, and new processes in the fine and uSe-
ful arts. While the author can instantly dispose of
his work, or draw the profits which it may yield,
the inventor must devote himself to the deve-
lopment and practical application of his invention.
When his arrangements are complete he applies for
a patent, and he receives a right to use his invention
for 14 years by paying fees and expenses which half
a century ago amounted in many cases to £4OO or
£5OO. The right thus obtained was entirely
illusory. His parchment, indeed, bore the Great
Seal of England; but the patent could be reduced,
and the price of it forfeited, either from want of
complete originality in the invention, or from frivo-
lous defects in his own description of it. In this state
of the patent law, injurious to the interests of the
public, and ruinous to' inventors, our distinguished
Chancellor, Lord Brougham, directed his attention
to the subject, and carried two bills through Parlia-
ment which reduced the price of patents, and re-
moved many of the more obnoxious provisions of
the former law. These improvements were generally
acceptable, and though inventors were still dissatis-
fied with the large sum of about £l5O or £2OO,
which they had to pay, and with the imperfect pro-
tection which their patent secured, they nevertheless
submitted to the operation of the law, in the hope
that future legislation might improve it. Under
these circumstances, men of science and inventors of
all classes were startled with a proposal made by a
distinguished engineer, that the patent law should
be repealed, and that there should be something
like free trade in inventions. In addressing an as-
sembly of civil engineers at Sheffield, Sir William
Armstrong said 'that the dauntless spirit which, in
matters of commerce, had led this country to cast off
the trammels of protection, had resulted in aug-
mented prosperity to the nation, showing the inju-
rious tendencies of class legislation when opposed to
general freedom of action ;' and he expressed a hope
' that the same bold and enlightened policy might
be extended, in some degree at least, to matters of
invention.' For his own part, he was inclined to
think the prestige of successful invention would, as
a rule, bring with it sufficient reward, and that pro•
tection might be entirely dispensed with. Under
the free trade of the present day, thus highly and
justly appreciated, we receive the corn and the wines
of one country in return for the iron and the coalof
another ; but it exceeds our comprehension how

there can be free trade between two parties, one of
which is the small class of discoverers and inventors,
inventors at all, and who,
with
profit
i t all
every the
discovery and the other the whole mass of society, who are not
numbers, wealth, and position, would instantly ap-
propriate and turn to o
science that had a practical bearing,and
influence
in of
every me-
chanical idea that could be embodied in an instru.
merit or a machine. Between such parties as these
there can be no interchange of ideas and no reci-
procity of interests; and as there can be no dealings
between them, there can be no freedom of trade in
any sense analogous to that great commercial doc-
trine to which reference has been made. But even
under the present patent laws, as they exist in every
part of the Old and New World, there is already
something approaching to freedom of trade. Every
foreigner can obtain a patent in England on the
same terms as an Englishman, and an Englishman
enjoys a similar right in return. The producers of
ideas, therefore, are in every country in the same re-
lative position nearly as the producers of those com-
modities which are interchanged under free trade—
the non-producers of ideas and the non-producers
of commodities deriving analogous advantages under
the law—the one from the importation of useful in-
ventions, and the other from the importation of the
necessaries and luxuries of life. There is still, how-
ever, another variety of free trade in inventions
which we think is the only one that deserves the
name. Were a patent right granted at the cost
merely of its registration to every applicant, and
continued with equal security during the same
period as copyright, every new idea—every scheme
of ingenuity or adventure—would be brought be-
fore the public, and elaborated for the use of man.
Such a scheme may be expected in some future age,
when statesmen may have learned to face problems
before which they now quail, and appreciate inte-
rests to which they are now insensible."

STAMPED ....sd.

anti-fouling compositions, when on lengthened
foreign service, by the destruction of the compo-
sition and subsequent corrosion of the plates and
rivet heads, together with the necessity for meeting
the threatened want of increased dock accommoda-
tion for our iron ships as speedily and effectively as
possib:es has induced the Admiralty to devote their
immediate endeavours to find some means to render
this docking of iron ships for cleaning and re-
coating their bottoms as seldom requisite as possible.-
Mr. Griffiths has laid before the Admiralty a plan
for sheathing the bet oms of iron ships with Muntz
metal, using a non-conducting material bet wean the
protecting metal and the iron-bottom plates, and
has received an order to sheath a small iron vessel
on this plan as an experiment. The Controller of
the Admiralty has also called upon Mr. Hay,
chemist to the Board, to send in to the Admiralty
a model of his proposed plan for sheathing the
bottoms of iron vessels with copper or Muntz metal.
This plan was first submitted to the notice of the
Admiralty on the annual visit of the Board, with
Lord Auckland at its head, some years since, and
was discussed by the Board on their return to Lon-
don, but its adoption was declined. The decision
had just then been arrived at that iron ships were
quite useless as men-of-war or Government screw
troopships, and that it was even desirable to get rid
of the very few that then were on the navy list.
Other plans besides these of 111 r.
_Hay and Mr.
Griffiths arc also before the Admiralty, all seeking to
attain the same end, although by different means,
several resorting to the process of electro-typing iu
preference to applying temperary compositions, or
the ordinary method of protecting wooden ships by
sheets of copper. The two more prominent r! these
last are known as the " Besley" and " Walen" pro-
cesses. Both profess to deposit a pure metal, or a
combination of metals, by an alkaline process in lieu
of the old acid process. The Besley process is already
partially adopted by the Admiralty at Portsmouth,
tanks and batteries now being at work over the
steam factory of Portsmouth dockyard, depositing
a coating of metal on the iron bolts that are to be
used for fastening the armour plates on the sides of
the Royal Alfred and Royal Sovereign. The success
as yet has not been great ; in fact the alkaline pro-
cess as developed by the Besley system is, owing to
some cause, slow, and may possibly yet be super-
seded by the original acid bath. The Walen alkaline
process is represented by the floating dock in the
Victoria Docks, and its effectual success there seems
to be placed beyond a doubt. Mr. Walen claims,
as the merits of his invention, that he can rapidly
precipitate a pure metal, or a combination of metals,
upon iron of any uneven form, with a perfectly even,
bright surface, of any thickness, and indestructible
as the metal upon which it is deposited. Mr. Walen,
while proposing very much that is evidently simple
and practicable, and which will doubtless be carried
out with little delay, relative to the preservation of
our iron ships in their construction, goes much
further than this, and advocates the adaptation of
one of the new docks now constructing as a huge
bath, in which an iron ship, when delivered to Go-
vernment by the contractors, might be at once re-
ceived, and coated as far above the water line as
required, by one process, with an imperishable co-
vering of copper or other protective metal. Whether
all or any of these plans should be definitively
adopted by the Admiralty, time and experience can
alone decide.
The Government property on which it is intended
to erect a suitable and commodious hospital for the
exclusive reception of the sick wives and children
of the troops quartered at Chatham garrison has
been taken possession of by Mr. A. Stump, the
contractor to the War Department. Workmen have
already commenced the excavations for the foun-
dations of the new structure. The hospital will be
erected in an elevated and healthy situation, be-
tween Chatham Barracks and the inner lines, and
will form a continuation of the garrison hospital,
although detached from that building. The main
building will be 150 ft. in length and of propor-
tionate depth.' The interior will be fitted up in a
similar manner to Melville Hospital for seamen
and marines at Chatham, which is considered one
of the best institutions of the kind in the kingdom.
The want of a hospital for women and children has
long been felt at Chatham.
The following appointments were made yester-
day at the Admiralty :—Lieut. Russell G. S. Pasley,
Flag Lieutenant to Rear-Admiral Kingcome, Com-
mander-in-Chief in the Pacific ; James R. G.
Browne, paymaster, to be Secretary to Rear-Admi-
ral Kingcome; W. E. Filcher and Robert Glasspole
of the Neptune, Valentine Horne, of the Emerald,
and Charles 1). Thomas, of the Scout, promoted
to first-class assist.-engineers ; Henry White (a), of
the Flying Fish, Thomas Murray, of the Indus,
James Croll, of the Arrogant, William B. Owen, of
the Scylla, and Henry Jesse Iles, of the Renard,
promoted to acting first-class assist.-engineers.

Christopher North. A Memoir m
Professor of Moral Philosophy iieetiateitte4ll3r4ei
of Edinburgh. Compiled from Fead.ly ?Apei*-elee"
and other sources. By his Daughter, lirsts
Gordon. 2 Vols. Edmonston and Doug'lg'
rgh.
the life of a great man, truthfully told, is at all
times agreeable reading, and the character of few
among the literary giants of whom death of late
years has deprived us will better bear examination
in the broad light of day than that of the subject
of the present memoir; and this because his nature,
mental, moral, and physical, was a peculiarly
healthy one. In him there was nothing morbid.
If ever a sound mind in a sound body was possessed.
by man it was his. Nature cast him in a colossal
mould. He was throughout life a strong man re-
joicing in his strength, though occasionally, in the
early part of his literary career, he used it "like a
giant," tyrannically. He reminds us in vital power
of one of the Scandinavian heroes. He ve is a sort
of literary Berserker. When the fit was on him
he wielded the pen like the himmer of Thore
smiting his adversaries hip and thigh, rejoicing
like the war-horse at the sound of battle, revelling
in carnage like a Goth of old. But this is true
rather of his first efforts, when Blackwood was in.
its youth, and its writers had much of youth's in-
temperance and lack of self-control. much,
also, must be laid to the spirit of the time.
Manners then were coarse. Ilud conflicts wee,
not confined to scavengers. Personality was
considered legitimate in literary warfare. No
privatened arrow of
eharacter
w
man's e
poisocaluamsnyreswpeacstetdoo.
often
d
launched at a politicai opponent. But these
faults Professor Wilson outlived As h
. e grew in
years so he increased, not alone in knowledge, but
He then
in Lana better .part yr charitY,
nobly redeemed his early errors, rendered fall
justice to his former foes, and, crowned Leith years
and honours, died in peace with all men. Nothing
proves more clearly the tolerant spirit with which
he latterly regarded those of an opposite political
creed than his rising almost from a sick bed witiiita
two years of his death, and proceeding to Edin-
burgh to vote for Macaulay. His was a noble
nature, passionate and prompt in utterance, but
free from all taint of malice. His soul was too
great for envy, and he poured forth his thick
thronging fancies with a fervid eloquence
stirs the reader as with the trumpet's sound.
His prose is indeed composed of " thoughts that
breathe, and words that burn." We prefer it
even to his poetry, inasmuch as, unfettered by
rhyme, he can express in it the exuberance
no
of
his nature with unbounded but onereedom. His is
b
narrow, cold, correct style, teeming with.
wealth, and resembling the fruitful earth in pro-
digal liberality. The eldest son of a wealthy re-
tired gauze manufacturer, he was born at Paisley,
in 1785, and was remarkable, as a child, for
beauty and talent. After attending a preparatory
school he entered Glasgow College, whence he
removed to Oxford. Here he distinguished him-
self no less by supremacy in all athletic exercises
than for his classical attainments ; but this period
of his life appears to have been embittered by art
unhappy love affair, which unsettled his mind,
and, after roaming restlessly about Wales and the
Highlands, he bought a small estate called.
Ellerlay, near Windermere, took up his abode
there, and in 1811 married a Miss Penny.
Prior to this he had written " The Isle of Palms"
and other poems, and as his father had left him EL
fortune of £50,000, his worldly position was a pros-
perous one. But a reverse took place. His uncle,
in whose hands the property had been entrusted,
lost it all by imprudent speculations, and Wilson
found himself penniless. Nothing daunted, how-
ever, he entered at the bar, but soon found it an
uncongenial calling ; and, after contributing some
articles to the Edinburgh Review, then in the zenith
of its fame under Jeffrey, he transferred himself to
Blackwood, of which, up to the close of his life, he
formed the main support. In 1820 the chair of
Moral Philosophy itt the University of Edinburgh
falling vacant, he became a candidate, after a fierce
contest obtained it, and held it tilllBsl, when his
declining health forced him to resign it. He was
then awarded a Government pension of £3OO a-
year, and in 1854 he expired from a stroke of para-
lysis. Such is a brief sketch of his career, during-
the greater part of which he was constantly before
the public as a writer and a teacher, being emi-
nently successful in both,whilst his domestic life was
peculiarly happy. He seems to have been gifted
in no ordinary measure with the faculty of acquir-
ing the love and esteem of those with whom he
came personally in contact, and we find scattered
through these volumes numerous anecdotes of hie
kindness of heart and integrity of aim. Indeed his
letters, of which many, written at all periods of
his life, are given, amply illustrates these points of
his character. He is a rare example, too, in these
modern days, of the union of great physical power
and love of sport, with literary genius. Homer
would have delighted in him. The deer-stealing
Shakspere would have claimed him as a kindred
spirit. Not only was he passionately fond of cock
fighting and angling, but he excelled in leaping,
wrestling, boxing, rowing, and walking. Among
" muscular Christians" he deserves the foremost
place. Still, in private life, he was one of the
kindest and most unassuming of men. To know
him was to love him, and this because he possessed
The pathosmdaughter
em o r sire, o fanof thedhasw conclu-
sion h
Christo-
pher shownrvar y
e
not merely strength, but a fund of affectionate ten
derness almost feminine in its delicacy. This phase
to
of his character is brought out in these volumes
hwp eliertashseiulssfri
inewngdotuher
teiahsd ir
yexquisite.troi fb felicity.hu teer
His
illustriousT
h the English tongue is spoken, will be hailed with
North."

No Church. By the Author of " High Church;
and " Owen, a Waif." Hurst and Blackett.
Excellence in quality and variety in subject are
the characteristics of " The Standard Library," of
which this is the latest issue. The author writes
with an earnest purpose, and the work is both
interesting and suggestive.

Piccalilli: An Illustrated Mixture. By Gilbert
Percy. Sampson Low and Co.
This is a quaint little volume, especially calcu-
lated to hit the tastes of little people, for whom
just at this season of the year
.every one is looking "
out for a suitable gift book. Piccalilli " consists
of sixteen very cleverly told tales, all of which con-
vey a moral at once striking and appropriate. The
first tale, entitled " The Toad that went Out to
Tea," is a very humorous little story. "The Spider
and the Bur," " Cottage in the Lane," " Useless
Little Hands," and " Fairyland," although of a dif-
ferent description, are very interesting. The book
is beautifully illustrated by Macqoid and Thomas,
the printing and general getting up is exceedingly
pretty, and its contents fully bear out its piquant
title.