The Sun.
London, England, 1865-08-23 00:00:00

Commnee at 7.

NEW THEATRE-PUPAL ADELPHI.
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
1 his popular theatre will RE-OPEN en MONDAY, Sept.
4, next, entirely re-painted and re-embellieled, and the seats
throughout re-stuffed and re-covered. in costly material, in
order to increase tha comfort and accommailation of the
numerous patrons of this establishment. 'the season will
open with the engagement of Mr. JOSEPH JEFFERSON
who will make his first appearance in this country in a new
and original., D a•na, written expressly for him by Dion
13oueicault, Esq. Further particulars will be published in a
few days.

LAST EDITION OF TIIE SUN,'
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HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.

THIS DAY.—Morning, 3h. 20m.---Afternoon, 3h. 38m.
To-Moiutow.-Morning, 3h. 54m.—Afternoon, 4h. 10m,

. F,, fd, .-,
~,, M. llIii•
I

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1865.

The cessation of outward hostilities in America
does not appear to have restored internal tran-
quillity. It is one of the evils of civil war that it
leaves so much bitterness and contention behind it.
Not only is there the lingering feud between the
two great antagonistic parties, but there arc a
thousand different feelings called into action—
rival ends to gain, rival policies to forward, and
rival methods of subduing the vanquished into total
submission. All these agencies seem now to be at
work in America, where circumstances render the
task of re-organisation especially difficult. The
very nature of the constitution of the State fosters
division, while the great problem of slavery in the
background adds tenfold to the natural difficulties
of pacification. To add to these obstables—the
sudden change in the leadership of the Government,
the transfer of power from tried to untried hands,
and the uncertainty felt by all parties as to the
exact views and intentions of President JOHNSON
and his friends, are serious elements of discord. It
is no great wonder that Mr. JOHNSON himself finds
the cares of State somewhat burdensome, or that
his physical health should show traces of their
effects. In his own Cabinet even there are dissen-
sions, and a great difference of opinion is said to
exist respecting his reconstruction schemes. He
is apparently determined at present to ad-
here to his own policy, though whether
time and reflection will induce him to modify the
obnoxious $20,000 clause remains to be seen. If
he is really in earnest in his wish to tranquillise the
Southern States, and to restore order and prosperity
to their industrial and commercial classes, he must
certainly alter that exception to the amnesty most
completely. As it stands it bears the appearance
of loyalty to the Union, being a mere cloak for
aggression, and the love of country being made to
serve the purposes of private greed or malice.
Allowing the clause to be intended to exclude all
who were in any way disaffected, it is strange that
the mere limit of $20,000 should be such a marvel-
lous test ! The poet tells us that—

" Success is virtue, and misfortune blame ;"

but the Transatlantic doctrine reverses the order,
and, like the patriotic " citizens" of the Reign of
Terror, its advocates are disposed to see treason in
any one by whose possessions they may profit. The
excessive stringency of these conditions appears
rather to be producing recklessness than caution.
After the fashion of all arbitrary severity it drives
the people to the opposite extreme ; and, accord-
ingly, in North Carolina, we are told that "wealthy
leaders of the late rebellion" have been feting re-
turned rebel soldiers, and that a public dinner was
proposed to be given to the latter, but it was pre-
vented by the authorities. This was certainly an
interference which might have been reasonably
expected, but we find another paragraph showing
that official interference in the States sometimes
passes the prescribed limits. In Kentucky it seems
the military authorities have controlled the election,
and the opposition voters have been " driven from
the polls by the military officials." Is this Mr.
BRIGHT'S idea of a new Reform Bill ? His poli-
tical model has taken an energetic mode of securing
purity of election , • I,
per aps he will suggest its
adoption in this country as the newest American
position I Notwithstanding this new mode of em-
ploying the superfluous militaryenergies of the idle
c
troops, the taxpayers of America, may rejoice
too sees forces.
the reduction which has taken place in the f
700,000 men have
behowever,
Since the first of May
been taus-
tered out of the Federal service, leaving
so vast was the army, still more than 300,000 on
the pay rolls ! Certainly when the Americans take
up any new line they sooner eclipse the older and
more cautious nations, and with such figures at
the War-office we need not wonder that their na-
tional debt has grown like the beanstalk of famous
memory, even without the frauds and defalcations
which in too many quarters have crippled the
national resources. Frauds in the States are, like
everything else, gigantic, and a defalcation which
has just been discovered at New York is quietly
estimated at a quarter of a million. Acci-
dents, too, are on the same scale, and a
steamer collision on Lake Huron has just
resulted in the loss of one hundred lives. Among
ourselves the death of eight o; ten persons on a
railway, or the misappropriation of forty or fifty
thousand pounds, are considered to be startling
events, but in the country of the Mississippi and
Niagara the scale of proportion seems to be different.
Happily, the energies of the people and the resources
of the country are on the same scale as ice draw-

backs and disasters. Just now, however, these
superabundant energies seem to be turning in a
very undesirable direction, and for want of some
more pressing interest the old complaints against
England are being raked up. A considerable party
in the North employ themselves in soothing the
general feeling of irritation by every means in their
power, and some of the more reckless and unscru-
pulous organs of the Northern press do not hesitate
• openly to advocate a rupture with this country.
The wiser and more enlightened portion of the com-
munity, indeed, shrink from such a course, while
they do not recognise the wrongs of which the
' Americans have to complain, and the Government
is naturally adxious not to be forced into a gigantic
and suicidal strife. But the turbulent spirits who
seek to gratify their interest, their ambition, or
their restlessness, by a fresh war, are sufficiently
numerous to be troublesome, and no pru-
dent man will watch their proceedings
without regret. The Americans have always mani-
fested a tendency to quarrel with us, to misrepresent
our actions, to malign our policy, and to suspect us
very unjustly of envying or depreciating their
greatness. They seem to forget that a considerable
school of British politicians accept America as the
model constitution of the day, while the grandeur
and prosperity of the nation, the energy and skill
of the people, and the rapid growth of their mate-
rial wealth, are rather sources of gratification than
of envy to the general body. Englishmen are too
' much attached to their own forms and institutions
to wish to exchange them for others ; but at the
same time the American constitution is, in many
respects, so kindred to our own that we cannot
but watch it with the deepest interest. The course
of the momentous struggle bas been followed by
us with an anxiety and eagerness only second to
that felt in the States themselves, while our con-
duct, which the South has certainly some reason to
complain of, has been only too favourable to be
just towards the North. It seems, however, that
the lack of sympathy generally shown to the
Federal cause is the grand cause, the fact
being that Englishmen had so thoroughly
learned the American doctrine of State Rights
and self - government that they could not un-
learn the lesson all in a moment. They were slow
to understand that, instead of a partnership, the
compact between the States was a mutual despotism,
that the Federation of the West bad in reality all
the fetters of an amalgamated kingdom, without the
advantages of one compact body. Many of the
Federals themselves refuse to acknowledge the right
of one state to make war upon another for purposes
of government. Such a doctrine is, indeed, contrary
to the whole spirit of American history, but it is
distinctly opposed to the constitution of the Union
itself. The Americans, after boasting that they
tolerate all opinions, seem just now very unwilling
to listen to any that do not accord with their own.
It must be hoped, however, that there is a large
body of calmer and less prejudiced thinkers, who
have not yet found a spokesman.

Now that the terms of the Convention that
Austria and Prussia have made are fully known
their iniquity becomes more and more apparent,
and we may well be indignant at the manner in
which the Prussians have been allowed to have their
own way, and monopolise so much of the spoils to
themselves. Really this affair of Schleswig-
llolstein, from beginning to end, is one of the most

disgraceful episodes that have ever darkened the
annals of a nation and dimmed the lustre of its
fame. It stands out per se in the records of this
generation for shameless effrontery and remorseless
extortion. The English people are now thoroughly
undeceived as to the character of the Prussians,
about whom at one time so much was said, and from
whom so many expectations were entertained.
They may now see that all was a mere subterfuge
about their progress in constitutional rights and

,heir love of freedom. It has turned out on trial

that they reverence none of the rights of others, and
do not care for any advantages for themselves in
comparison with the love of conquest and the
acquisition of territory, by fair means or foul, as the
case may be. Such selfishness and want of prin-
ciple will for ever alienate from them the respect,
the confidence, and the sympathies of high and
noble natures of whatever creed and clime they may
be ; and it is not too much to say that, by her per-
sistence in plunder, and her scorn of the opinions of
other nations, Prussia has set herself apart from the
goodwill and cordial sentiments of her allies, and
given great cause to her enemies to gainsay her
actions. By the terms of this treaty, which are
skilfully worded, it is evident that Prussia has
appropriated an immense share of power and profit;
and what a contradiction is this to the assertions
of those who recently declared, and of those who
really believed, that all would come right at last,
and that the inhabitants of the Duchies would be
sure to reap great permanent advantages by the
timely interference and salutary arrangements of
the two great German Powers. Prussia has shown
that she emulates the renown of those who eat the
oyster and divide the shells, and all the fine-sound-
ing phraseology of national rights and inherent
privileges resolves itself into the ultimatum of

" He shall take who has tho power,
And he shall keep who can."

A greater mockery was never witnessed than the
manner in which the Duchies have been bandied
about during the last year, the Princes and Dukes

have been put up as puppets at a show, and taken
down when it suited the purpose of the exhibitor
to displace them, and try his conjuring feats in
another direction, and with other materials to work
upon.

Austria has so far played into the hands of
Prussia, for the spoil is not so equally divided as
may appear at first sight to be the case by the igno-
rant and the uninitiated. We may notice that

Her VON BISMARCK has at any rate secured half the
coveted prize to his master in getting hold of
Schleswig ; and they are more sanguine than sapient
who put much faith in any professions of a different
arrangement to be made hereafter. It is an easier
thing to keep out the invader than to turn him out,
and the next news will be the stringent rules and
arbitrary measures which the Berlin Government,
in the plenitude of their power and height of their
wisdom, will impose on those provinces committed
to their care. The people of Schleswig may take a
long farewell of all rights and privileges, and pre-
pare to encounter many a bitter struggle and un-
pleasant occurrence. It would seem as if Prussia
had staked everything upon the possession of Kiel,
and made the acquisition of that place an attain-
ment which must be accomplished, no matter how
daring the venture, or how difficult the task. Time
may yet show that the result of such perfidy i 5 not
so prosperous as some suppose, and that the trea-
sure so coveted may one clay turn out a dear bar-
gain. It is difficult to estimate the feelings of dis-
appointment and the sentiments of indignation
which fill the minds of many in the minor
States of Germany ; it is next to impossible to
make manifest the irritation that prevails among
the inhabitants of Schleswig in being handed over
as a conquered State, and not deemed worthy to
raise a voice in its own behalf on the occasion of a
settlezient which so vitally concerns their interests
and privileges, ,Austria has likewise many causes

of dissatisfaction at the impertinent manner in
which she has been treated throughout this trans-
action. It cannot be but that all these unfa-
vourable signs and tokens will one day or other
show themselves more explicitly, and spoil the
grace and glory of this satisfactory solution of
Herr BISMARCK. Again, we find, upon examina-
tion of the text of the treaty, that Prussia will not
only discharge alone the " military occupation and
civil administration of Schleswig," which will give
her immense power, but that Rendsburg is to become
a federal fortress, with a Prusssian garrison. The
significance of this arrangement needs no comment,
and it seems difficult to comprehend how the rest
of Germany can have submitted to this extortion
and monopoly. This is not yet enough, however,
and, accordingly, it is settled that the Duchy of
Lauenberg is " definitely ceded to Prussia, Austria
receiving a pecuniary indemnity for the cession of
her rights in the possession of that duchy." It may
well be asked why Prussia did not take everything
while she was about it, and of what avail it was to
stick at trifles, and stop for shadows, when there
was anything more left to ask or to take, as the case
might be. It has been a very ingenious dodge on
the part of these Germanic Powers to put off in this
indefinite manner the fulfilment of their plans. Of
course people could not go on for ever making the
affair of the wrongs of Denmark and the rights of
the Duchies the paramount subject of thought and
the chief topic of conversation ; hence it was fondly
hoped that the scandalous termination of the matter
might pass comparatively unnoticed, and proportion-
ately disregarded as newer claims and fresh intelli-
gence supervened. It will not be likely, however, that
total indifference will prevail on this point, and it
is evident that our present Government has been
mistaken, and was led from the commencement of
this Schleswig-Holstein question until the last affair
of the new convention between the allied Powers.
Denmark has been sacrificed through the unwilling-
ness of our Ministers to offend Prussia, but they
have thus assisted in a great violation of the rights
of nations, and made themselves tacit accomplices
of ruthless depredators. The vaunted foreign po-
licy of the PALMERSTON Ministry has indeed been
an illustration of the saying vox et preterea nihil,
for we have merged upon a great change in Euro-
pean affairs, the dismemberment of nations and the
spoliation of monarchs; and yet all that this country
can do is to utter protests that are treated with
scorn, and to make proposals that are rejected with
contumely, and then to stand tamely by as lookers-
on while the work of destruction progresses and the
course of injustice is consummated. The Schleswig-
Holstein question has long been the difficulty of
European statesmen, but it has been reserved for
these latter days to see it transformed into their
disgrace ; and so long as history records its eventful
episodes and striking characteristics, so long will
the impartial student regard its chronicles as a dark
epoch in the career of all actively engaged in the
affair, and a shame to those more remotely con
cerned in it.

Death of Major de Vere.

CHATHAM, Tuesday Night.

Major de Vero became rapidly worse this evening,
and died at Brompton Barracks at ten o'clock to-
night.

The Cholera•

VALETTA, Aug. 18.
The cholera does not yet show any disposition to
decline, nor, indeed, to extend itself to any great
degree ; but business is almost paralysed, and much
distress prevails in consequence. The poor continue
to be almost the sole victims. A system of relief
has been organised by charitably disposed persons,
who visit and assist the sick and the bereaved, and
point out to the police such localities as call for in-
tervention on behalf of cleanliness. The following
are the returns for the week :
Attacks. Deaths.
Friday 4O
Saturday 43
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday GI
Thursday 46
There have been also 57 cases and 32 deaths in Gozo
during the week.

Among the military it has almost ontirely ceased
within the last few days.
A Government notice issued on the 16th inst.
intimates that, cases of cholera having occurred at
Marseilles, arrivals from that port with foul bills of
health would be subjected here to ten days' quaran-
tine, and in case of sickness on board to 12 days'.

THE Bnoucaum DINING HALLS.--The extensive
premises Nos. 154 and 155, Fleet-street, until
lately known as the Portugal Hotel, having been taken by
the "Dining Halls Company (Limited)," a private inspec-
tion of the establishment was yesterday afternoon afforded
by the directors to a number of gentlemen who take an in-
terest in the improvement of the condition of the working
classes. The company have had two establishments in full
work for some time in different parts of the metropolis, and
from the success that has attended them, the directors ap-
pear to have proved to their own satisfaction that it is pos-
sible to retail food at the wholesale price with profit to the
shareholders and advantage to the working class. The
" Brougham" has been fitted up for the use of three classes,
with special regard to the requirements of each, thus the
working man will be enabled to enjoy a good and substan-
tial dinner for sixpence, while the more aristocratic portion
of the public will find that in the more elegantly furnished
apartments they can dine at an equally cheap tariff. The
three establishments of the company are capable
of dining 1,400 persons at a time, or 7,000 to
8,000 daily. The average number of customers
.(who
are all respectable working men), at the New-cut Dining
Hall, is about 1,500 and in the Market-street, Edgware-
road, about 2,000. The Brougham Dining Halls are cal-
culated to accommodate 450 persons at once, or upwards of
4,000 daily. Situated in the midst of the great printing
establishments of the metropolis, where men and boys are
at work often throughout the night, The Brougham will be
a welcome addition to their comfort. The halls will be open
for the supply of hot soups, tea, and coffee all night, so that
the compositor, the mechanic, and the engineer will find,
at all hours, a substantial and wholesome meal at the very
lowest market price. At the invitation of the directors the
company sat down to a very excellent dinner, which was
served in capital city style—Mr. Bauwens, the managing
director, presiding. The customary loyal toasts were
warmly responded to, and all present immediately joined in
the toast, "Success to the Brougham Dining Halls," with
the greatest enthusiasm. The establishment will be thrown
open to the public on Monday next.

RESCUED AT SEA.—In the steamship Bellona,
Captain Dixon, just arrived at this port, were two
steerage passengers, concerning whom a most remarkable
incident is related. Franz Meyer, aged 23, and his wife,
Anna, aged 19, from Canton Soleuro, Switzerland, were
passengers in the ill-fated ship William Nelson, recently
destroyed by fire at sea. In the confusion incident to the
efforts to save life, the husband and wife were separated.
The husband was picked up by one of the ship's boats,
which was soon fallen in with by the brig Mercury.
The wife, young and enciente, was not discouraged
at the uncertainty of her husband's fate, but prepared
for her own safety. Self-preservation could not sup-
press her womanly instincts so far as to ignore the feeble
cries for help from an infant only 14 days old, loft to perish
by its distracted parents, but, regardless of her own state,
she plunged, with her self-imposed charge, into the sea.
For two whole days did this brave young girl support her-
self and the infant on the remnant of a ship's spar without
food or water, sustaining the infant's life by the moisture
from her own mouth. Late on the second day tho same
vessel in which her husband was saved, having ceased
cruising, without hope of rescuing more life, fell in with
this heroine, and saved her and her little charge. This
brave woman, who has arrived with her infant child, born
on board the Bellona, is worthy of some aid from the ladies
of New York in her search of a Western home. Dr.Blewitt,
the surgeon of the Bellona, has ascertained the truth of the
statement above given.—New York Times.
THE NEW HOUSE OF Commorts.—ln the new
edition of Mr. Hardwicke's " Shilling House of
Commons," just published, besides the usual biographical
onfo
eachtlCeomf theem bpearroe parentage, ta
thege,
newbirth,Parliament,
we notice, as a marriage, and appointments
novel feature, the number of votes polled by the respective
candidates at the late general election, which adds greatly
to the value of thie alroacly Tory mild publication.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

TURKEY.
CONVERSION OF THE TURKISH DEBTS.

CONSTANTINOPLE, AUG. 21

The conversion of the internal debts of the
empire is proceeding favourably through the Societe
Generale. Upwards of one million pounds of all
descriptions of stock have been converted since the
15th inst., the date on which the conversion com-
menced.

The cholera is decreasing. The deaths to-day
numbered 141.
In Smyrna the disease has nearly disappeared.

CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS.
MALTA, AUG. 22.
The Myanza left here at 4 p.m. to-day for Mar.
seilles, where she may be expected on Friday.