The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-23 00:00:00

houses engaged in the Chilian trade have since pre-
sented a memorial to the Earl of CLARENDON.
A reply was received from Mr. HA3I3IOND
yesterday, in which the Under-Secretary stated
that Her MAJESTY'S Government were fully sensible
of the injurious effect likely to be produced upon
British commerce by the blockade. Instructions on
the subject were sent to Her MAJESTY'S Minister
at Madrid on the 18th inst., according to Mr. HAM-
MOND'S statement, and he adds that the Government
are fully resolved to use their best
.endeavours to
bring the matter to a speedy conclusion. It is to be
hoped that the strong remonstrances which have
been addressed to the Cabinet of Madrid will in-
duce the Spanish Government to moderate its ex-
travagant pretensions. M. TAVERA, in his recent
letter, seeks to exonerate his chiefs, and to throw
the blame upon Admiral PAREJA, since he
declares that he has been continually as-
sured of the anxiety of the Spanish Government
to maintain amicable arrangements with Chili,
saving only the dignity of Spain. We. fear, how-
ever, that this excuse can hardly be accepted. It
is likely enough, indeed, that should the remon-
strances of other nations prove too strong for Spain
to disregard, her Ministers will find it convenient
to make Admiral PAREJA their scapegoat, but it is
not likely that a man in so important an office
should so greatly exceed his instructions ; neither
is it probable that the Spanish Government would
have appointed a new Ambassador without
giving him fully to understand their intentions
towards Chili. The very facts of Admiral
PAREJA superseding M. TAVERA, and of his
combining the functions of Admiral and Ambassa-
dor, are significant enough. He can supply his
diplomatic dictation by his naval authority, and ex-
cuse his aggression as an Admiral by his duty as
an Ambassador. The truth is no doubt that Spain
finds it very convenient to reconcile her exhausted
treasury at the expense of the South American
Republics, and having succeeded only too well with
Peru, she now thinks it expedient to extend her pro-
ceedings. Admiral PAREJA'S communication was
addressed to the Chilian Government on the
fiftieth anniversary of their independence, a
wanton insult, which was not without meaning.
The Spaniards are likely, however, to find they
have gone too far. The merchants of Havre have
addressed the Emperor on the subject, and the
Paris merchants have convoked a meeting, while
the Americans are also likely to take the matter up.
If they do so there will be little chance for the
fleet of Admiral PAREJA. The Chilian Government
has, it is said, already issued letters of marque, and
it is said that many of them have gone to the United
States, so that it is more than probable the attempt
to enrich the Spanish exchequer will be a very dis-
astrous one. Half a dozen privateers from Liver-
pool and New York will make short work with
Spanish commerce, and there will be no unnecessary
delay should the Americans accept the letters,
which they will most probably do, being at no loss
for efficient vessels or daring spirits to man and
lead them. Chili has assumed a most resolute atti-
tude, and the aggressor will find that she has a
more troublesome customer to deal with than she
had when attacking Peru. The Chilians are de-
termined neither to part with their independence
nor to sacrifice their treasure and encumber their
resources to satisfy a demand which may be re-
peated next year on equally frivolous pretexts.
The rule that is of universal application in private
life holds good also in the affairs of nations.
If a man once begins to buy off an aggressor,
or an importunate claimant who for some
reason or another seeks to coerce him, his
contributions are never ceasing. Having once
weakly yielded he has added to his own difficulties,
and the chain on his resources increases year by
year. Spain would end by extorting a species of
tribute from the Republics whose independence was
long ago recognised by the European Powers if she
could proceed in her unscrupulous course un-
molested. Chili probably relies on foreign assist-
ance, and reckons on the interference of England
and France, knowing the detriment to their com-
mercial interests involved in the blockade, but the
spirit of the people and the bold and resolute course
adopted by the Government are no less to be com-
mended. "No sooner," says a Valparaiso journal,
" were PAREJA'S intentions fully disclosed, and his
determination to enforce the demand of Spain by
hostilities, notwithstanding all efforts to the con-
trary, looked upon as settled, than the Congress of
Chili, in both houses, passed a declaration of war.
A loan of $20,000,000 has been authorised, and un-
limited power granted the executive for raising
troops and procuring ships for the defence of the
country." Notwithstanding this unanimity and
resolution, Chili has of course suffered severely.
Business at Valparaiso has been paralysed, and a
regular panic produced. The news of the crisis
occasioned an immediate run on the banks, but
the Congress—who seem fully equal to the
difficulty of the situation—at once passed a
law allowing the banks to issue a million and a
half of bank-notes under certain restrictions. This
will of course tend materially to impror e the finan-
cial situation even in face of Admiral PAREJA'S
threats, that if Chili does not yield in 45 days, he
will proceed to stronger measures, meaning, pro-
bably, the bombardment of Valparaiso. The Ad-
miral himself, however, may be in a different posi-
tion before then, and his Government may have
found it expedient on many grounds to recall him
before he can fulfil his kind intentions. We have
seen the Chilian authorities, having declared war,
mean something more than mere verbal defiance by
such a proceeding, and already there are some
ominous movements. A corvette and a steamer
well armed, fully manned, and provisioned for a
long cruise, succeeded in getting out through the
blockading fleet. Their destination is unknown, but
it is not difficult to guess. The blockade is indeed
ridiculously inc2ffectual, and that of itself would
constitute a quite sufficient reason for disregarding
it. The Chilian Government have thrown open all
the minor ports to foreign commerce, and taken I
off all import and export duties,advaavnaitlagesof
-w
which foreign merchants ill promptly
them-
selves. Four smart steamers, it is said, were to
leave New York on the 10th inst. with the inten-
tion of running the blockadeza
Consuls maintain
maywm.tainill be
very likely to accomplish. l
their protest against the unwarrantable conduct of
Spain, a course in which they NN ill of course be
supported by their Governments. Altogether, Spain
has got herself • into a difficulty from which it is
very improbable that she will extricate herself
without material sacrifice as well as loss of re-
putation.

and, certainly, we have as yet seen no
beneficial effects result from the constant:rause of
the " pole-axe." Surely it is time that the Go-
vernment made some alteration in this plan, for it
is adding to the distress already too keenly felt
in all parts of the country. In many places influen-
tial persons have condemned the " wholesale slaugh-
ter," but with no avail. This is one great disad-
vantage which we have had to contend against in
this calamity of the cattle plague occurring at a
time when Parliament is not sitting. The
force of public opinion then has full weight in
influencing the decision of the Legislature in such
cases, but, as things have now turned out, the
unfortunate possessors of cattle have had to
run the risks of experimental doctoring that
are begun in haste, and yet not changed or modified
to suit the tests of experience. It was all very well
at first to adopt the extreme measure of the Govern-
ment inspectors having power to slaughter all ani-
mals they thought proper, but the very reason which
then sanctioned the adoption of the course now
operates against it, because the chance of stopping
the progress of the disease by this means is lost,
since the plague has spread in all directions. If,
however, it be resolved upon by the authorities
to continue this course of destruction for
an indefinite period, it is of national im-
portance that some compensation should be
given to those who suffer so greatly by the continu-
ance of this experimental process. In the letter
referred to it is said with great justice that if this
butchery is intended to protect other herds, and thus
to conduce to the advantage of the public, " the
public ought in equity to compensate the farmer for
all beasts doomed by the public officer to the bul-
let or the pole-axe." It is always a false system to
pursue to make some individuals the chief sufferers
by any national calamity, and this case of the cattle
plague is, above all others, one in which the loss
should be borne by the whole community, and not
confined to particular parts. As soon as Parliament
meets there can be no doubt that the matter will
receive due inquiry, but in the meantime there is no
excuse for the arbitrary course now in vogue being
continued. Injustice is always doubly hard to bear,
and it certainly is unjust to insist upon the whole-
sale destruction of animals not affected, and yet to
refuse any compensation. What makes it the more
objectionable is that as it is the losses entailed upon
the owners of cattle by the prevalence of the disease
are already so numerous and heavy that they can ill
afford to bear an additional burden.

Over work is one of the chief evils of the present
day, and in all classes it is carried to a great excess.
Nothing is more injurious to health and strength,
nor so short-sighted a principle, for it defeats its
own purpose in the end. The work cannot possibly
be so well done, and, what is of far more conse-
quence, the energies of the worker must sooner or
later fall a sacrifice to over-pressure and constant
excitement, without dtle rest and relaxation. Mis-
taken and mischievous as such a habit is among
those classes who are more or less independent, it
is with those who are compelled to labour inces-
santly for their own support and those of their
families that the public have to do. Last year there
was a great outcry raised concerning the mis-
management of dressmakers' assistants and appren-
tices, but it is to be feared with very little practica
result or real benefit accruing to the sufferers. The
length of time which some of those employed on
railways are kept at their posts has often been re-
ferred to, and it will be remembered that in the
memorable accident on the Brighton line some time
back it was ascertained that some men were en-
gaged for far too many hours at a stretch. No
doubt, however, in this instance, as in many others,
the examinations relative to the disaster brought to
light a practice only too prevalent in other directions.
On Tuesday Dr. LANK ESTER held an inquiry on the
body of a man who was killed on the London'and
North-Western Railway, while he was passing a
truck from one line to another by means of a turn-
table. There was nothing extraordinary in the
accident, but the jury would not return a verdict
until further investigation was made, on account of
some of the witnesses stating that deceased had been
overworked. A young woman, who appeared on
behalf of deceased's wife, declared that before the
accident the unfortunate man had worked, without
intermission, for two nights and one day. In proof
of this she said that she had gone with the wife to
get the week's salary, and that these " two days and
a half overtime were credited on the bill." The
ordinary night hours were justly censured by the
jury as being far too long, from six one evening to
seven the following morning was stated by one of
the witnesses as the time which he (deceased) and
the other men worked, and the accident happened
during the last hour of work. The jury properly
remarked that it was no wonder the deceased had
made the mistake which cost his life in scotching
the wheels of his truck before it was fairly on the
turntable when they considered how the man had
been overworked. It will be a great point gained if
this melancholy occurrence prove the means of
ameliorating the management of work on railway
lines. The safety of the public is greatly endangered
by those employed in fulfilling important duties
being wearied and worn out, and it is not the ques-
tion whether the men are not free agents to engage
in extra work. Their own safety and the safety of
tho public demand that no more than ordinary
duties are undertaken in such perilous work as
railwaytravelling often necessitates. Any attempt to
do too much is very likely to prove fatal as in the
instance above recorded, and if it does not invari-
ably happen so, that is no excuse for those who
incur the risk, nor for those who allow them to
do so.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

The LATE W. M. THACKERAT.—The honorary
monument to Wm. Makepeace Thackeray has been
erected in Westminster Abbey. The memorial consists of
a fine bust, by Baron Marochetti, upon a base of red ser-
pentine, and mounted on a bronze support. The inscrip-
tion simply records the name, with the dates of birth and
death. The bust is slightly toned. It is fixed against a wall
column in the south transept, behind the statue of Addison.
The work was uncovered on Monday morning, the daughters
of the lamented author, the Dean of Westminster, the sculptor
and the honorary secretary of the Memorial Fund, Mr.
Shirley Brooks, attending.

A letter in the Times of to-day calls attention to
the question of compensation, which is one that just
now engages a considerable share of notice, and
well deserves it, on account of its importance and
interest to many. It is quite true what is stated
by the writer, that the time has now passed when
there existed a chance of " stamping out" the
disease by the sweeping course pursued ; but, not-
withstanding this, the " Inspectors continue to
decree wholesale slaughter of anim ils that may be
the companions of those attacked." It stands to
reason that the continuance of this course must be
productive of immense loss to ii concerned,

TRANSPORT OF TROOPS BY RAILWAY.—To show
the great facilities which railways now afford for
the transport of troops to all parts of the country, Lieut.-
Colonel Palmer, of Nazing Park, lately offered the Secre-
tary of State of War, at any time he might desire it, to
place the battery of six guns attached to the Essex Yeo-
manry Cavalry with 100 men upon the railway at Walt-
hamCross, and to convey them within 24 hours to any part
of
ofy tehree
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of gt ehnt a
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yl one(lancers)
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North of Ireland, to act in support of and with these guns,
f it should be required.
basarustpoßeAcTuirireOdFa At
AG.bu:rt.d.—areAGreiamnalorrkgaabnleshaccident
t
is a common practice in colliery districts for the poorer in-
habitants to provide themselves with coals from such frag-
ments as fall about on the roads and tramways from the
various passing trucks and waggons. On Saturday
' morn-
ing a girl about 16 years old, named Eliza Price, was sen
by her parents 'before daybreak in search of coal, and she
succeeded in possessing herself of a lump weighing between
60 and 40 lb. Having placed it on her head she was car-
rying it home, when, upon passing down one of the cinder
tops, her foot slipped, and she was thrown backward. The
block of coal fell forward, and came with its entire weight
upon her chest and stomach. On recovering herself a
little she contrived to stagger home, and on entering her
parents' cottage exclaimed "Mother, I got the coal, but I
fell down, and it has killed me." Her mother was terribly
alarmed, but on the poor girl exclaiming " Oh, I am dying,"
she carried her to an up-stairs room, where, in a very few
minutes afterwards, she expired.—Cambrian Daily Leader.

FRE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 23, HU!.

LA TEST INTELLIGENCE.

SPAIN.
MADRID, Nov. 22 (Evening).

Marshal Narvaez arrived here yesterday.
The Progressists of Barcelona, not being willing
to continue in the policy of abstention, have put
forward Senor Madoz as their candidate for Congress.
Negotiations for a treaty of commerce between
Spain and Italy will be commenced at Madrid.
Yesterday three cases only of cholera occurred at
Seville, and two others throughout the rest of Spain.

AMERICA.
SOUTHAMP roN, Nov. 23.

The North German Lloyd's steamer Bremen
sailed hence this morning, with the English, French,
and German mails for New York, with a full com-
plement of passengers and a large cargo, including
French jewellery value 252,500 fr.
The heavy south-westerly gale prevented the Bre-
men from sailing yesterday.

HEAVY GALE AT PLYMOUTH.
PLYMOUTH, THURSDAY MORNING.

This morning, at high water, two Government
tugs and a merchant steamer started the emigrant
ship Amoor about half her length ahead, when the
tide ebbed, and she grounded again. To-day she
will be further lightened, and to-morrow morning
another effort will be made. The tides are, how-
ever, increasing.

in question were totally destroyed. The loss is said
to be considerable.

The Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce, and
Public Works, has just published the official returns
of the gross receipts of all the French railways for
the first nine months of the present year, which,
for both the old and new networks, amount to
410,484,611 f., showing an increase, as compared
with the same period of last year, of 23,934,031 f.

The Minister of War has decided that the exer-
cises of the Ecole Normale de Tir at the camp of
Chalons shall commence on Dec. 15 for officers, and
on Jan. 15 for sub-officers and corporals. The
course will be closed on May 25. Each corps of
infantry is to send either two sub-officers or a sub-
officer and a corporal.
The Tribunal of Correctional Police has just tried
M. Millaud, proprietor and responsible editor of the
Petit Journal, on a charge of having founded a lot-
tery without authorisation, and announced it in the
public press. M. Lespes, who writes in Petit Journal
under the pseudonym of Timoth6e Trimm, was
charged as an accomplice, in having written and
published articles recommending the said lottery to
the attention of the public. The lottery consisted in
offering for sale, at 35fr. each, one-tenth shares
of Mexican bonds issued at 340 fr. each, but to
be paid off at 500 fr., when drawn by lot. Each
of those tenths was entitled to interest repre-
sented to be equal to 8 per cent., and also to a
tenth part of any prize that might fall to the
bond at . the half-yearly drawings. The Public
Prosecutor maintained that this arrangement was
an unauthorised lottery, prohibited by the law of
21st May, 1836. The counsel for the defendants
maintained that the combination imagined by M.
Millaud was not a lottery within the meaning
of the law any more than was the loan itself,
and that it was not more illegal to sell a bond to
ten persons than to one. The Tribunal, however,
took the same vie w of the law as the public pro-
secutor, and declared that the combination incri-
minated was nothing but a lottery, which the loan
was not, as the prizes offered to the bondholders
were not its principal object; it therefore declared
the charge fully established, and sentenced Millaud
to pay a fine of 100 f., and Lespes one of 50f. It
also ordered the confiscation of all the papers seized
connected with the lottery, and condemned the two
defendants conjointly to pay all the costs of the
prosecution.
BOURSE, Nov. 22.—Two o'Clock.—The market
shows much more animation to-day. Three per
Cent. Stock has advanced 10c., viz., to 68f. 65c.,
and Italian Stock is demanded at 65f. Tic., with an
improvement of Tic. Credit Mobiliers have an ad-
vance of sf. Spanish Mobilier lf. 25c. Immo-
biliere Shares 3f. 75c. Transatlantic 2f. 50c. In
the Railway Department Northern Shares have an
advance of If. 25c., and Lyons 2f. 50c.- Lombards
have also recovered, and are now doing at 393 f.
75c., an augmentation of 10f. Orleans and Sara-
gossa Shares have retrograded lf. 25c. Consols
are telegraphed from London with a rise of e per
cent New Ottoman 5 per Cent. Stock has been in
great demand at 43f. 10c., with an advance of per
cent. Three o'Clock.—The market has closed on
the following quotations :

41 per Cents 97
Do. end month —

3 per Cents. 6B G 5
Do. end month 62 50

Credit hiobilier ;:: 880
Do. end month 877 50
Bank Shares 3740
Credit Foncier 1330
Italian Loan 65 05

Ditto Threes —
Roman 73
Mexican Loan 49 50
Do. Bonds 328 75
Russian -
Austrian
Spanish Threes
Home Debt
Deferred

Do. end month 65 05

RAIL'

VATS.
Cash. Acct.
... ... 821 25
... 1100 -
- ... 825 -
- ... 568 75
... 537 50
... 518 75
... 207 50
... 410 -
- ... 395 -
- ... 178 75
... 210 -
- -- ... 100 -
-- ... 100

Orleans
Northern..
Lyons and Mediterranean
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona
Roman

MARKETS—This Day.

METROPOLITAN CATTLE.

To-day's market was fairly supplied with beasts as to
number. The demand for all breeds was heavy, and the
quotations had a drooping tendency. Tho top figure was
5s 2d per 81b. The show of sheep was moderate, and sales
progressed slowly, on rather lower terms. The best Downs
realised Cs 8d per 81b. Calves, the supply of which was
extensive, were very dull, at the late decline in value.
Prices ranged from 4s to 5s per 81b. The pork trade was
heavy, and prices were not supported. Tho highest figure
was 5s 2d per 81b. Mulch cows were very dull and rather
cheaper.