The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-14 00:00:00

WANDSW ORTH.

MR. COBDEN IN EAST LOTIIIAN.

On Saturday, a display of the steam plough took place on
the farm of Mr. Sadler, Ferrygate, East Lothian. The
plough was Fowler's, with a 10-horse power engine, and
the work gave the utmost satisfaction to a large assemblage
of the practical farmers of the Lothians. After the trials,
the company was entertained to luncheon by the Right Hon.
B. Hamilton Nisbet, in a marquee at Dirleton Castle. On
the left hand of Mr. Hamilton, who presided, sat Mr.
Cobden, M.f., who is now on a visit to Mr. M'Laren, at
Edinburgh. The health of the strangers was proposed by
Mr. Hamilton.

Mr. Conomv, who was received with loud cheers, re-
sponded to the toast. He said—Mr. Nisbet, Ladies and
Gentlemen,—When I left Edinburgh this morning, in
company with my friend, Mr. M`Laren, to pay a visit to
Mr. Pope and witness an exhibition of the steam plough, I
had not the remotest idea that I should have found myself
in presence of a large agricultural gathering such as I find
here ; but I can assure you I feel myself honoured by
being permitted to associate with you on this occasion, to
be witness of the triumph of agricultural skill in this the
head-quarters of advanced agriculture. I am myself the
son of a farmer, and my sympathies have always been with
that class, though I think I see some faces here who
would be inclined to feel dubious on that subject.
(Laughter, and cheers.) My right hon. friend, your chair-
man, has alluded to some passages of arms which we
have had in the House of Commons together. We took
different views of a great national question, sincerely
and conscientiously differing on that question; but I am
prepared to say for myself what, I am sure, he will be
equally prepared to admit in me, that we had one common
interest in view, that was the welfare of this great country.
(Loud cheers.) In advocating that policy which I have
done since I h Ave been known as a public man, I have
never been under the impression that 1 was acting in a
manner to be injurious to agriculture. I have always held
a different language. I held that language in presence of
the tenant farmers of this country twenty years ago. Now,
I must ask of my right hon. friend at the head of the table
candidly io admit that though he fought the battle as man-
fully as anyone could have done in that most manly of all
assemblies, the House of Commons, yet I will ask him freely
and fairly to admit to me that, in advocating as I have
done an unprotected, free, and unrestricted competition in
agriculture, I have not taken a course which has proved
inimical to that great interest. I think he will admit that
I stand here to maintain my ground, and I now claim ex-
perience to justify me in the course which I have taken.
What is it that constitutes the prosperity of agriculture, or
any other pursuit ? It is to have a flourishing, rich, and
increasing number of customers, Without that no business

The programme comprised, first, the opening of
the Diocesan Training School, after which Divine
service was performed in the Cathedral, and a ser-
mon by the Bishop of Oxford, then an address to
Lord Palmerston by the Mayor and Corporation at
the Chapter-house, and the proceedings closed with
a grand banquet in St. John's•hall.
The ceremony of opening the school was performed
by the Bishop of Winchester. Among those pre-
sent were—Lord Palmerston, M.P., Lady Palmer-
ston, the Bishop of Oxford, the Bishop of Salisbury,
Sir F. T. Baring, M.P., the Hon. R. H. Dutton,
M.P., Mr. W. Beach, M.P., Mr. S. Booth, M.P.,
Mr. Bovill, M.P., Sir J. B. East, M.P., Mr. Bonham
Carter, M.P., and a large body of the clergy and
gentry of the neighbourhood. Prayer having been
offered, the Bishop of Winchester addressed the as-
sembly at great length, on the objects of the insti-
tution and the circumstances which had given rise
to the erection of that building. The remainder of
the service was then proceeded with, and on the con-
clusion, the building having been pronounced open,
the National Anthem was sung. Divine service was
afterwards performed in the cathedral., when an
eloquent sermon was preached by the Bishop of Ox-
ford, from Romans xii., v. 7. In the course of his
discourse he adverted to the general question of
education and the duty of supporting schools of this
kind.

On the conclusion of the service, the mayor and
corporation proceeded to the Chapter-house, when
the Recorder presented the following address to
Lord Palmerston :

" To the Right Hon. Viscount Palmerston, li,G., First

Lord of the Treasury.
" May it please your Lordship,—We the mayor, alder-
men, and citizens of the city of Winchester in council as-
sembled most readily avail ourselves of the presence of your
lordship on the occasion of the opening of the Diocesan
Training School, to express our admiration of your public
character, and our high appreciation and graceful acknow-
ledgment of the administrative abilities displayed by your
lordship, and the great services rendered by you as a Mini •
star of the Government of this country. Our ancient records
testify the visits of many eminent persons, to whom ad-
dresses have from time to time been presented, convey-
ing the congratulations and approval of this corpo-
ration, but we know of none more entitled than your lord-
ship to receive this declaration of our admiration and esteem,
enhanced as it is by your lordship this day supporting by
your powerful influence the opening of an institution de-
voted to the advancement of education, and consequent im-
provement of the moral and social character and condition
of the community. We therefore desire to offer to your lord-
ship a hearty welcome to Winchester ; and we earnestly
pray that your lordship's life may yet long be spared to pro-
mote the honour and welfare of this country."
Lord PALMERSTON replied as follows :—Mr.
Mayor and gentlemen, I beg to return you my most
sincere thanks for the address which you have just
been kind enough to present to me. I can assure
you it has given me great pleasure to be allowed to
attend upon so interesting and, I will say, important
an occasion as that which has brought us all toge-
ther to-day. I trust that the proceedings which
have taken place to-day will lead to a useful result,
and a large development of that system of education
which we have assembled to commemorate, and I
may say to found, because we have opened a build-
ing in which for the future it is to be carried on.
I am very sensible of the approval which you have
been kind enough to express of the course which I
have pursued in public life. I need not say
that the approval of neighbours—of those who
_
are close to one's residence, and who have better and
more frequent opportunities of judging thabne
wore
perhaps who are at a greater distance, musts
it have
valuable in proportion as those who oxpriers
It will
better opportunities of forming a judr :jet
:hose col-
te the anxious desire of myself an.
ess to act, to
leagues with whom I have the happily'
endeavour to merit the approval of 0 r '"
h that indul-
now-coun
trymen ; and I trust that, profitingope
of this country
gent coLsideration which the pet;
shall be able to re-
those who are en-
always give to the exertions of
gaged in the public service,
in office, that good opi.
nion which you hoe been kind enough to express
tain, as long as we continuo
to-day.
oration then retired.
Lord Palmerston was Present at a
grand banquet corp
the civic authorities.
ITnhethme aeyvoeeria,iingdiven
by
g

pioneer of a fleet of immense iron-clad ships
is
now buiming at Jersey, U.S., for the protection of the
pacific coast,

VALETTA, Oct. 7.—Her Majesty's gunvessel
Wanderer, 4, Commander M. C. Seymour, arrived
here from Beyrout on the 4th inst. in nine days.
Affairs were still rather disturbed in the Kesrouan
district of the mountain, but it was hoped the ener-
getic measures taken by Douab Pasha would soon
bring the recalcitrant Maronites to order. Her
Majesty's ships on the coast of Syria were the Mars,
80, Capt. J. N. Strange ; the Firebrand, Commander
J. B. Piers ; the Surprise, 4, Commlnder W. H.
Whyte. The Sovila, 22, Cant. It. Lambert, was
expected at Beyrout, to relieve the Mars, ordered
to Malta. The latter vessel is looked for here
towards the end of the present month. The Wan-
derer went into dock on the 6th inst. to stop a leak'
Her Majesty's gunvessel Foxhound, 4, Lieut.
Doughty, temporarily commanding, in the absence
of Commander the Hon. A. Hobart, which went up
with the last mail to Admiral Martin, returned at
2 p.m. to-day. She left Corfu at 4 p.m. on the sth
inst., at which time there were anchored there the
Marlborough, 131 (carrying the flag of the Com-
mander-in-Chief, Vice-Admiral Sir %V. F. Martin,
K.C.8.), Capt. W. H. Stewart, C. 8.; the Queen,
76, Capt. F. C. Hillyar ; and the Shannon, 80, Capt.
0. J. Jones. The Trident, 3, Commander C. J.
Balfour, left Corfu on the evening of the 4th for the
Piraeus. The Algiers, 88, Capt. E. B. Rice, which
had left that island on the 2d tilt., for the Pirmus,
was expected back in three weeks. The Queen
arrived at Corfu on the 2d inst., and was on the
point of sailing with the Lord High Commissioner,
who was proceeding on an official visit to the
southern islands. The Foxhound, on her passage
from Malta, experienced fine weather until making
the land of Paxo, when she was overtaken by a
storm of thunder and lightning and very heavy
weather. She has lately been inspected by Capt.
Stewart, commanding the flagship, who expressed
his entire satisfaction at the state in which he found
the crew and vessel. The discipline on board the
Shannon is said to have much improved since she
has been under the surveillance of the Commander-
in-Chief. The Alacrity, 4, Commander K. E. Baird,
takes up the next mail expected to-night from Mar-
seilles. The Amphion, 36, Capt. A. C. Gordon, is
hourly expected here from Messina, at which port
she arrived on Oct. 1 from Naples and Palermo.
The Magicienne, 16, Capt. his Serene Highness the
Prince of Leiningen, arrived at Naples on the 2d
inst. from Malta. The London, 86, Capt. H.
Chads ; the Neptune, 86, Capt. G. T. P. Hornby ;
and the Doris, 32, Capt. Sir F. L. M'Clintock, were
at Naples, and nothing at present is said of their
making a move. The Icarus, 11, Commander
Salmon, V.C., is refitting at Malta, preparatory to
leaving for Corfu, and is nearly ready for
sea. It is reported that the Liffey, 51,
Capt. George Parker, recently commissioned for
the Mediterranean, will relieve the Malacca, 17,
Capt. G. J. Napier, at Gibraltar, the latter vessel
returning to Malta. The ships here at present are
the Icarus, Wanderer, Alacrity, and Foxhound. The
Commander-in-Chief is expected from Corfu, as
stated in my last, about the end of October, for the
winter. This morning, at 10 minutes past 8 o'clock,
we experienced another slight shock of earthquake.
The Duke of Somerset and Capt. the Hon. James
IL Drummond, C. 8., returned to the Admiralty,
Whitehall, on Saturday night, from visiting Mr.
Cheney's iron mines in Shropshire.
Letters received at Portsmouth by the Dromedary,
from the West Coast of Africa, state that the Inves-
tigator steamer was about to start on an expedition
up the Niger, and that Capt. Burton would form one
of the party on board. The Lords of the Admiralty
had sent out instructions that an officer who was
employed in the last expedition should accompany
the Investigator, and 11Ir. Southwick, second master
of her Majesty's ship Espoir, had been selected by
the commodore for the purpose. A pretty general
feeling existed among Europeans that if it was part
of the object of the expedition to produce any effect,
friendly or otherwise, upon the towns in the delta
of the Niger, the Investigator was much too weak a
vessel for the purpose_ If, however, it was merely
intended to communicate with Dr. Baikie at the
confluence of the river, that might be attained by
running past the hostile towns in the passage up
and down the river, although the season was far
advanced for the execution of such a plan. The last
expedition up the Niger consisted of the Espoir, 4,
screw gunvessel, Commander Douglas, and the
armed steamer Sunbeam, Commander Douglas being
in command. It will be remembered that the expe-
dition met with considerable opposition from the
natives of the towns on the river's banks, and at one
point their aggression and insolence was checked only
by the energetic measures adopted by Commander
Douglas. From this expedition the Espoir returned
with her officers and crew in a sadly enfeebled state.
The Arrogant and Espoir were at Kabunda on
the 20th July last, when the latter was sent on to
St. Paul de Loando, to fill up coal. On the 22d
she fell in with a bark without a name, colours, or
papers, but supposed it to be the Traviata, of Cadiz,
of 247 tons, fitted to receive from 600 to 700 slaves.
She was sent on, in charge of a prize master to St.
Helena. The Torch had taken a bark in the Congo
river, and the antelope had taken a prize with 200
slaves on board. A letter from a naval officer serv-
ing in the African squadron speaks of slavers being
" thick as peas in the soup on a pork day." Shark
Point, off the mouth of the Congo, is spoken off as a
capital cruising ground, as, in addition to the chance
of picking up a good prize brimming with slaves
the natives brought off quantities of goats, pigs,
poultry, and fruits, which they exchanged for old
clothes and empty bottles, the rate of exchange
being a couple of pigs, or three dozen of poultry,
for a very old coat.
The Royal yacht Victoria and Albert, Captain
George H. Seymour, C. 8., is appointed to sail at
8 a.ra. to-day from Portsmouth for antwerP*
Com-
The Dromedary, screw transport, Master-
mander Brown, which arrived at spithead Sun-
dayon
morning from Ascension, sailed again last even-
ing for the Thames.
The Sutlej, 36, screw, Capt. M. Connolly, fitting
for the Pacific, has completed
her o
tfit alongside
Portsmouth to a tus lo
e
Portsmouth dockyard, and hauled
ter of the Viyc-,
where she will be swung by the ma s
tory to ascertain the deviation of her compass prior
to going out to Spithead.
ts were made
The following following ape _Dayd Batt, master, addi-
day at the Admiralty :
for the Liverpool ; Chas. Beal, '
tional to the Indus,
Edward Taylor,assist
engineer, to the Asia;
Henry Macdonnell, -sur '-
to the Himalaya ;
the Virago ; Dr. John
°lldeirntson, and Dr. Denis A. Riordan
Sim so
geon, confirm
eons, the Royal Adelaide, for
Dr. Atinsistit..sourg-
th Hospital; Dr. Thomas Brisbane, Dr.
acting
plytaou
Donovan, Dr. Robt. More, Edward J. Sha-
Daniel
and J. W. Ashford, acting assist
wood, a
Hospital.
to the Victory, for Hasler .-surgeons,

711 E Akita.

The annexed General Order was promulgated on
Saturday:—

" His Ro " Horse Guards, S.W., Oct. 10.
yal highness the General Commanding-in-
approve of
districts and divisions in Great general
Britain, officers a
nd commandingofficers
com-
manding in garrisons not included in any military district,
granting leave of absence to officers and furloughs to non-
commissioned officers and soldiers under the following re-
gulations and restrictions, viz.:--
" 1. Leave of absence granted under this order to officers
may commence on the 15th of October, or as soon after as
the half-yearly inspection shall have been done. Furloughs
granted to non-commissioned officers and soldiers may com-
mence from the Ist of next month, 2. These indulgences
are to terminate on the 14th of March next,' when agree-
ably to her Majesty's regulations, all officers and soldiers
are to be present with their respective regiments and
depots. 3. One field officer, one half of the captains, and
one half of the subaltern officers are always to be present.
4. No officer (except in the performance of duty, or for
the /411)00 Of joining his regiment) is to quit the 'United

Mr. Whitworth, in a letter to a contemporary,
says
In your notices of the late trials of my guns and
shells against the iron targets at Shoebaryness you
have come to the conclusion that more trials are
wanted at longer ranges. In that I cordially agxee,
and shall be happy for my guns to be tried in every
way that guns ought to be tested—that is, undor
conditions as trying as those which occur in actual
service. I would ask, however, as I think I am
entitled to do, that the trials be so conducted as not
to be any longer a charge on my private resources,
and in point of time and place not to compel me to
make unnecessary sacrifices. I consider further that
they ought not to be placed under the control of a,
committee constituted like the one which in 1858
promised to visit my works and see what was being
done there, but without performing that promise—
and without permitting me to be present at their
trials of my gun, when I should have shown what
it could do, and without even giving me any infor-
mation as to the results obtained in my absence—
came to a decision against it—a circumstance which
came to my knowledge accidentally some time after.
It should be borne in mind that in artillery prac-
tice, as in other subjects, experience enables con-
clusions to be drawn which go beyond the point
where actual results are left.

My own experiments with penetration shell were
chiefly made with a 1-pounder gun (bore 1.3 in.),
weighing 1 cwt. Its results were fully borne out by
those of a 6-pounder (bore 2.3 in.), and a 12-
pounder (bore 3 in.), and, though I had never tried
the 70-pounder (51 in. bore), and the 120-pounder
(7 in. bore) with shell before I went to Shoebury-
ness, the results of the smaller guns enabled me to
state beforehand with confidence what the guns and
shells would do.

They did what I expected, mad showed they had
power to spare.

Having felt my way thus far, 1 feel justified in
saying that both the 5t- inch bore and seven inch
bore guns will penetrate stronger defences at greater
ranges than were tried at Shoeburyness.

It should also be remembered that my 51-inch
gun, which fired its shell effectively at 200 yards, is
in weight about a ton less than what was stated in
your article to be the maximum suitable for ships'
guns. By adding to its weight it is clear that a
more powerful gun than the 51-inch can be made
still within that prescribed maximum ; the Shoe-
buryness trials prove that the thickest iron-plated
ships would be shelled with such a gun at fighting
ranges.

My larger gun has a bore precisely that of the
110-pounder rifled gun (7 inches), which, with the
68-pounder smooth bore, was so often tried against
the Warrior and other targets. It is true that it is,
and I think ought to be, heavier than the 110-
pounder ; heavier guns are being asked for for cupola
ships, and es pivot guns they may be used with
great advantage. It should, perhaps, be explained
that my 7-inch gun was made at Woolwich, in con-
sequence of arrangements decided upon after Lord
Palmerston and Sir Cornewall Lewis had witnessed
trials of my 70-pounder at Shoeburyness about 12
months ago. Not having the means of construct-
ing so large a gun at Manchester, I requested to be
allowed to have it made at Woolwich. This was
done, under the efficient superintendence of Mr.
Anderson, according to drawings supplied by my-
self. The gun differs in construction from the rifle
guns of the service ; its metal is differently dis-
tributed, its form is different, and it has a fixed
breech, being a muzzle-loader.
Had the then existing means permitted it, I
should have preferred making the gun throughout
of homogeneous iron (as my 70-pounders are now
able to be made) which with an equal weight of
metal would afford very much greater strength.
As, however, the service guns at Woolwich are
made on the coiled system, I employed hoops of
welded coiled iron, like those I used for my first
gun in 1855, and have used for the outer hoop of
my large guns ever since.
It is a common error to suppose that the " coiled
system" was first employed in the construction of
the service rifled guns, whereas the fact is that
many years before those guns were made the
method of building up guns with coiled hoops,
welded together by end pressure, was well known
in this country. Without wishing for a moment to
detract iron the merit of those who have practi-
cally carried out the system, I claim to be entitled
none the less to use an old method known long ago,
e cile strength moulded
and which I used for all large hooorshounin
homogeneous
elna
eteoluys.
improvements in the manufacture
metal now enable me to u
hoops of that metal, which
for the
hasvehdaomnballeert l
of welded coiled hoops of wrought iron, and which
I have therefore
always preferred andused
rifled guns.
inner tubes of niy

Tho superior Court of California has decided
t
b.t the poll tax of 2} dollars per month on every China-
,nun in the state is m accordance with the constitution.