The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-04 00:00:00

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THE SUN.

LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPT. 4, 1862.

In the midst of ail our bitter anxieties in regard
to the Cotton Famine in Lancashire, it is curious to
note the splendour of the Festivities which have just
taken place in one of the most distressed localities
in that county Palatine. The operatives have long
been thrown out of employment by hundreds—in
consequence of the unavoidable closing of the local
factories. These factories being closed for the simple
reason of their lack of the raw material—no longer
supplied to them from the blockaded coasts of the
Confederate States of America. The impoverish-
ment, therefore, already long noticeable among the
industrial population of Preston has been something
quite deplorable. In many families it has for some
time past reached a stage bordering upon that of
destitution. All the pecuniary resources of that
systematically thrifty race of factory operatives,
have long ago been drawn upon, and for the
most part exhausted. That is to say, the
little funds laid aside by the more provident
among them periodically for years back have
been lifted from the savings banks and ap-
plied to the immediate purchase of the actual
necessities of existence. Superfluous articles of fur-
niture and apparel have been deposited at the pawn-
brokers. Subscriptions have been received for the
relief of those more deserving folks who have ap-
peared to be the worst off. Assistance both in money
and in kind has been applied both from far away and
from the immediate neighbourhood. And still the
failing funds and the increasing destitution have
together contrived to darken more and more the
prospect opening up, more or less gloomily, for all
Lancashire in the on-coming wintry perspective.

In the midst of all which anxieties Preston is sud-
denly holding high holiday. The mass Of its popula-
tion has turned out into the streets in
gala costume
either as spectators of, or participators in,
a grand
festive demonstration. Yesterday and the
day be-
fore were the dates set apart for this same
public
demonstration. The church t with
streamers. The church bells
rang forth many a I
towers were gay
merry peel. The windows along both sides of the
principal thoroughfares were crowded with gaily
clad lookers on. For hours an immense and varied
procession, carrying all sorts of emblazoned banners
and quaint insignia, passed along between the
double line of spectators. Preston in effect has just
been the scene of more than one demonstration sug-
gestive of holiday-making. It has this week wit-
nessed the laying of the foundation stone of its New
Town Hall—a building designed by Mr. G. SCOTT,
the eminent architect. And a noble structure it
gives promise of proving when complete—costing
in its erection some thirty thousand
pounds al-
togetber—and comprising under its ample roof
a mercantile exchange, a public concert-r00m,.1
an assembly-room, suitable committee rooms, and
all the requisite offices for the corporation. No
wonder a rile like that should be calculated to cost ,
in the raising of it the sum of £30,000. No wonder
that towards the laying of the foundation stone of
such an edifice in the heart of a great manufacturing
borough like Preston, a procession such as wound
through the streets of the old town but two days
since, should have comprised within it, in members
of the different Masonic lodges alone, as many as
seven hundred ! All the friendly societies in Pres-
ton turning out as wen, and parading the streets
for many hours with flags and bands of
music—the men marching thus with wands of
office and bands and :rosettes, numbering up
thousand upon thousand ! Besides, the laying of
the foundation stone of the New Town-hall of
Preston, that old town had other reasons for forget-
ting its sorrows for a whilie, for two or three days'
rejoicing. Upon the very morning of the day set
apart for the chief and central ceremonial, there
were athletic sports upon the Moor for the working
Inert of Lancashire. paring the evening there was
a superb Masonic Be vet, presided over by the
.13
Mayor in, the Corw.,EXchange • During the day

there were trials of steam ploughs, of reap-
ing machines, of mowing machines, and of
other field implements about four milt=s away
in some fields near Penwortham. These latter pro-
ceedings being apropos to the annual show (just
now taking place at Preston) of the Royal North
Lancashire Agricultural Society. In the Corn
Exchange, moreover, there was a Grand Concert—
the proceedings of which are to go towards the relief
of the existing distress at Preston and the adjacent
localities in that part of Lancashire—.a concert in
which such attractive names appeared as those of
Madlle. TITIENS, Mr. SIMS REEVES,
M. SAINTON,
and Madame LEMMENS SHERRINGTON. The words
italicised in this last sentence will serve to "point the
moral and adorn the tale " of these otherwise appa-
rently ill-timed and incongruous rejoicings at Pres-
ton, in Lancashire. Most of the country magnates
were there to take part in the future proceedings
—conspicuous among them, being the Earl of
DERBY, K.G., and his popular son and heir,
the Bight Hon. Lord STANLEY. Merely to know
for certain that men like these are there at their
post of duty, in the midst of all these growing dis-
tresses in the manufacturing districts, is fraught
with encouragement and consolation. As the Autumn
advances and the Winter approaches, darkening the
prospects there in Lancashire, more and more de-
plorably, those who can help will do so, we
may be sure, not in the North alone, but through-
out England, and will help, too, confidingly and
cheerfully. Conscious of course the while, from
their mere knowledge of the magnitude of the
evil that has to be contended with, that their own
unaided efforts must no doubt prove wholly inade-
quate to the emergency. Yet, while painfully
conscious of that, aware nevertheless that, as the
grand old adage has it, GOD helps those who
help themselves

Sir CHARLES WOOD'S intolerable wilfulness, for
we can hardly think it mere dulness and stupidity,
in his arbitrary dealings with Mr. LAlNG—will
ultimately do something towards abating the nui-
sance of governing, or administering the Indian
Government in England. When a man, like Sir
CHAS. WOOD, of notoriously inferior capacity—and
who but for his connection with a noble Whig
family, would assuredly never have reached a higher
post than a clerkship in the Government service—
overrides, by his dictum merely, such a man as Mr.
LAING, in the department of which the latter is a
master, and drives the troublesome superior from
office—it is time for Indian Reformers to open their
eyes. We observe iu the ablest Indian journal, that
the first saucy rebuke of the worthy baronet,—the
debate, and Mr. LAING'S letters not having yet
arrived—is calling forth severe condemnation at
Calcutta. They guess what Sir CHARLES will deem
mistakes, and chuckle, absolutely, over his supposed
blunders ; and, as they have guessed correctly, we
may suppose they will have a second heartier laugh
when Sir CHARLES'S defence of them in Parliament
reaches them.
Thus the Friend of India says—" The vague an-
nouncement by Sir CHARLES WOOD to a deputation
of Preston operatives, that there is a deficit of a mil-
lion sterling in Mr. LAING'S Budget for the current
year instead of a slight surplus, has caused some
wonder and more amusement in Calcutta. In the
absence of all details in justification of a statement
calculated so seriously to affect the money market
for the time, it is not forgotten that the Secretary
of State for India made a precisely similar state-
ment this time last year which turned out to be
altogether incorrect, while he is somewhat notori-
ous for the inaccuracy of his own budgets. The
announcement is received accordingly with so
much incredulity in Calcutta as hardly to have
affected the price of stock. Mr. LAING must have
himself followed so close on the discovery of
this mare's nest' as it is called, that Sir CHARLES

would be soon put right as he was last year."
Again, the same journal asks—" Why is it that
the bearing of Sir CHARLES WOOD towards both
Mr. WILSON and Mr. LAING has been so insolently
irritating? What is Mr. LAING'S offence that
pains have been taken with an air of superior intel-
ligence to lecture and tutor him, and to degrade
him in public estimation ? Simply that he has
been honest as well as successful, that he has dared
to sneer at official priggishness,' to prefer the
real good of India to the interest of the civil ser-
v:ce and the prejudices of Sir CHARLES WOOD.
What Sir BARNES PEACOCK was in legislation and
Colonel DURAND in military administration, that
has Mr. LAING been in finance, and their fate has
been the same. Sweep them out of the path of the
Whig Secretary whose acts they dare to criticise,
whose insincerities and blunders they have the au-
dacity to expose, between whose mistakes and the
wrong such mistakes would otherwise do to India
they conscientiously interpose. Put in their place
men trained by years of subservient mediocrity,
withered by the despotic uniformity of a bureau-
cracy and all will go well with the Secretary of
State whatever may happen to India."
Here in England an old Indian reformer, Mr.
JOHN DICKENSON, has also spoken out, and has
shown not merely that Mr. LAING was certainly
right in the matter of account, but that it would
have been impossible for him to coerce the Indian
Board of Audit to pass his accounts with a disburse-
ment charged, for which no voucher could be pro-
Aced, but '6 only an order of Sir CHARLES WOOD
to pass an entry." Lord ELGIN, we are sorry to
observe, has learned the lesson of obedience to a
member of the old Whig family clique, and has ac-
tually submitted Lord CANNING'S last and most
valuable Act on the Sale of Waste Lands, and the
Redemption of the Land Tax to Sir CHARLES WOOD!
Already be has in a great measure nullified it, and
engagements formed on the faith of Government
Acts at Calcutta, to the damage of Government
faith, will nose be tampered with.
however, above alluded to,
Mr. DICKENSON,
lie attention an abuse for which
Sir CHARLES WOODintroduces to pub
le not responsible—at least
he will be so, only for
permitting its continuance
after attention is called to it. Spices have been
from of old a favourite subject of monopoly. The
• Dutch used to burn them the East, rather
ttpheaeane practised and so lower
the price;
:rut too large a quantity,
arnedgarsdomtoethoinneg
'
f asyso u rbad
it is just now
e condiment—
cardamums—in India. It seems that, for £1,600
a-year, as the very highest profit, the Govern-
mentwhole growth of this
farms the
valuable
plant, at the spot r• are
where the best by far
grown, to one man. The Collector sells to t
" Publican," as the Jews and Romans would have
called him, Ist. The right to the whole crop ;
2d. The right of compelling the
grower to fit
it in all respects for market • RA
To take it
from the grower at the price
zed by the Go-
vernment Collector. That price is £3O, for what
fetches, in London, with little cost for carria
e,
e right
g
£l5O at least ! 4th. The Publican has th
ght
to use his own weights and measures • and
al.
Of having the estates watched and guarded by
armed peons, and of having any place searched
for secreted cardamums !

In our innocence we had really supposed that such
extravagant, unrighteous, and mischievous monopo-
lies had vanished with the Old Company, with
which this and many similar inventions began. Of

course the cardamum grower is a born smuggler, as
an Englishman would certainly be, were he in his
place, and is, therefore, trained to hate the Govern.
ment and to defraud it, if he can. But this is not
all. English coffee planters have settled near the
poor native cardamum grower, and, exclaims the
writer of the communication—" Look on this pic-
ture and on this !' The English coffee planter of
yesterday pays a tax of 4s. an acre on his full-
bearing land ; he sells his crop to whomsoever he
pleases, or he exports it free to any part of the
world. Living and labouring side by side with him
in the same country is the native cardamum grower.
He is compelled to deliver up his whole crop, under
a penalty if he conceals an ounce; he is forced to
receive for it a fourth of its value : it is then charged
export duty. And this has been his treatment for
63 years, at a money-profit to the Government of
£320 a-year."
But this is not all. Mr. F. C. BROWN, the writer
of the letter to the Madras Government which
Mr. DicKENsoN introduces by a preface, shows
that throughout export and import duties are ar-
ranged in favour of the Englishman, and to the
oppression of the native grower. Thus in the India
Customs Act of 1860, out of twenty-five articles
mentioned eighteen are declared free. But these
are all of English use, trade, and consumption. All
other non-enumerated articles pay 10 per cent. ad
valorem. Here is another specimen—it ought to
be read by us all:
" The complement of the Customs Act, namely,
the Indian import and export tariff, was published
nine months after in a notification, dated December
10, 1860. In the import tariff the dutiable articles
enumerated amount in number to 515, full 450 of
which, unknown by name to the Englishman, are
exclusively articles of native trade ! With regard
to exports, Schedule B of the Customs: Act first
enumerates 23 free articles, 17 of which are the
chief articles of English growth and trade, They
are sugar, rum, spirits, tobacco of all kinds, tea,
coffee, raw silk, cotton, woo], flax, hemp, jute,
hides and skins, books, maps, prints and works of
art, horses and animals, Rangoon and Eastern teak
of all kinds. In the export tariff of dutiable articles
the number enumerated is 165. In this list are
grain and pulse of all kinds, and about 40 others
which are really articles of food and native neces-
saries of life. Who starved in last year's famine ?
Was an Englishman stinted in a meal ?" And to
make all sure, a general clause lays an export duty
on every article of nutiva produce not enumerated.

We will not detain the reader with unwelcome
details. The general fact is that export duties,
when they press on natives only, are the rule in
India! What would be said of such a burden laid
on the commerce of England ? If such repression
of trade would create an insurrection here, how can
we think it does not gall the feelings of all in India
who are aware of it ? and the natives are keen
enough to percieve such partiality. Here is a field
worthy of Sir CHARLES WOOD'S critical ingenuity.
In reforming all this he will do more good than in
driving his superiors from subordinate offices.

What the Italian Ministers are to do with GARI-
BALDI is still problematical. They affect to be still
solicitous to bring him to Open Trial before an
Extraordinary High Court of Justice. Yet that
they will actually venture to do anything of the
kind is almost beyond belief. If they want in the
most effectual way possible to stultify themselves,
they will follow precisely this very course. Cer-
tainly not otherwise.

It is related of our own modern VERRES—the
Right Hon. WARREN HASTINGS, Lord DAYLESFORD
that ought to have been—that in the midst of his cruel
and prolonged trial—a trial prolonged through
many years, and that yet, after the lapse of all
those miserable years, resulted only in his acquittal
—it is related of WARREN HASTINGS that, in the
midst of his Great Trial, the gifted and wronged
Pro-Consul, raising his voice and lifting his hands,
exclaimed one day to the assembled Lords and Com-
mons of England—" I gave you India—and this is
my reward !" As few, as simple, as overwhelm-
ingly unanswerable, might be the repr'achful
words addressed in turn to his accusers by General
GARlBALDl—supposing those accusers afford him
the opportunity, by arraigning him at the bar as
one guilty of high crimes and misdemeanours. " I
gave you Italy," GARIBALDI might say : "I gave
you the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, I gave you
the hope of an United Italy and this is my
Reward !"

If they go no further than they have already
gone, the " powers that be" at Turin are even
now touched with a certain taint of the infamy of
ingratitude by the wounding of GARIBALDI and
by the simple fact of his imprisonment. It will be
well for them if they go no further. If they
bring the Hero to Trial and then do not punish
him, they will render themselves ridiculous. If
they bring him to Trial and then punish him—they
will complete their infamy, they will brand their
ingratitude indelibly upon the page of history
now turned—they will render inevitably their own
speedy humiliation.
At the extraordinary Councils of Ministers held
on Tuesday last, the 2d inst., at Turin, two of the
Ministers present are said to have pronounced in
favour of an Amnesty. Besides the members of the
Cabinet, who were there assembled, there
were present Signori PALEOCAPA, ALFIERI,
D'AZEGLIO, TECCHIO, PARINI, DESAMBROIS,
and CASSIMI. Yet there were only Two who
had the courage, the wisdom, and the modera-
tion to pronounce, as we have said, in favour of
an Amnesty! It will be well for the fair fame, as
well for the ambition of King VICTOR EMMANUEL,
if his Majesty decides for himself in the emer-
gency. Let him by a royal act of grace pronounce
the mandate, and the wounded Hero, now cruelly
and absurdly held in custody in the Gulf of Spezzia,
at Varignano, will pass into honourable exile,
either here in England, or yonder, in the New
World, among scenes familiar to him in his
youth, upon the opposite shores of the Atlantic.

THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO GERMANY.

BRUSSELS, SEPT. 3.

Her Majesty the Queen and the Princesses Helena,
Louise, and Beatrice alighted yesterday at Laeken.

To-day the Princesses visited Brussels, accom-
panied by the Duchess of Brabant.
The Princes Arthur and Leopold have also visited
this city to-day with the Count of Flanders.
At noon to-day a grand dejeuner was given in the
Palace at Brussels, at which the Prince Royal of
Denmark, Earl Russell, Lord Howard, and other
distinguished personages were present.
Her Majesty remained at Laeken with the King
of the Belgians.
A grand dinner will be given this evening at the
Palace.

The departure of the Queen for Germany will
probably take place to-morrow.

THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.

The visitors at the International Exhibition yesterday
was :

By season tickets
By Is. day season tickets. BOl
By payment

Total

I IVERPOOL COTTON-MARKET, Sept. 3.—The
business transacted in cotton to-day has been small, and the
sales do nat exceed 5,000 bales-4,000 on speculation and
for export. Prices are firmly maintained for all descrip-
tions.

Wilkin, the Dublin stockbroker's clerk, who some
time ago forged a cheque on the Bank of Ireland for £2,000,
was committed for trial at Dublin, on Tuesday.
Telegrams were despatched yesterday by Admiral
Fitzroy to the different outports, intimating probable suc-
cessions of gales along the coast.
GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY,--The directors of
this company have accepted the tender of Mr. Brassey for
the 48 miles of new line about to be commenced in Suffolk
and Cambridgeshire. The sections extend from Sudbury
to Haverhill, from Haverhill to Shelford, and from Melford
to Bury St. Edmund ; and they are to be completed by
July 1, 1864.
PETROLEUM STORAGE IN LIVERPOOL.—At the
meeting of the Liverpool Town Council, yesterday, it was
stated that there were at present 60,000 barrels of petroleum
in the town, but that the American and Canadian dealers
were hesitating in making more shipments, in consequence
of the restrictions placed upon its storage in Liverpool. It
was arranged that a committee should be appointed to con-
fer with the Mersey Dock Board, in order, if possible, to
obtain increased facilities for the storage of the oil.

ACCIDENT AND LOSS OF LIFE.—For some time
past workmen have been employed by two or three con-
tractors for enlarging the premises of Messrs. Gooch and
Cousens, and the houses adjacent in London- wall. Among
the buildings under repair were several houses of business,
which covered immense superficies of land. Suddenly whilst
the men were yesterday engaged the ground fell in and
engulphed the whole of the unfortunate parties. One man
was got ont after the lapse of an hour and a half, and he
was then able to speak, but soon expired, his ribs having
been fairly crushed into his lungs. Another poor fellow
was also badly, but, it is hoped. not fatally, injured, and
was conveyed with others similarly hurt to St. Bartholo-
mew's Hospital. The deceased man was Joseph Gibbs,
aged 22, ald whose friends reside in Islington.
CRYSTAL PALACE.—ONE SHILLING DAY, WED-
NESDAY.—Admission on payment, 12,571; ditto by season
tickets, 1,705. Total visitors, 14,276.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.—The gar-
dens of this society continue to be most; numerously at•
tended ; a very perceptible increase in the number of visi-
tors from the International Exhibition having taken place
since the establishment of the system of readmission to the
building. The excellent performances of military music
which are given daily form a constant source of attraction,
and the flowers in the ribbon beds and parterres are just
now in great luxuriance Several remarkably interesting
plants and other objects have lately been added to the so-
ciety's collection, and may now be seen in the conserva-
tory. Among others we may mention some cocoons of the
Ailarthus silk worm, a cactus plant covered with the cochi
neal insect, some specimens of the cotton plant, and last,
but by no means least, a truly magnificent American aloe
in full bloom, the plant that is said popularly to flower once
in 100 years. On Wednesday next will be held the show
of autumn flowers, when, from the great and increasing
popularity of the society's fetes, and the large number of
entries already made, a very large attendance of visitors is
co nfidently expected.
THE ENGLISH OPERA ASSOCIATION.—It is ru-
moured that negotiations are going on whereby the Eng-
lish Opera Association may commence operations at her
Majesty's Theatre during the winter season.
There is upwards of £2,000,000 sterling worth of
goods in store and afloat in Nassau, New Providence, des-
tined for the Confederates,

Guano in immense quantities has been discovered
in Newfoundland.

EXTRAORDINARY COMMITTAL FOR MURDER—The
Liverpool Mercury states that a man named Goulding, a
lodginghouse keeper at Tarporley, in Cheshire, has been
committed for the murder of his wife, who was found in a
yard near the house lying in a fit, with blood in large quan-
tities flowing from her body, There was evidence that the
husband was in tne house at the time with his shoes and
stocl,ings off, and that he was industrious and steady, and
was never seen or known to lift a hand on his wife. There
were no marks of injury on the deceased, except a few slight
bruises cn the back. The medical men were of opinion that
death wascaused by natural hemorrhage of the womb, and
the jury at the inquest found a verdict to that effect; and
it was also proved that at the time Mrs. Goulding had been
drunk five nights in succession, was subject to fits, and the
day before her death fell down stairs and hurt herself; but
notwithstanding, on the statement of two boys that ho was
seen beating his wife with a stick, he was committed on
Saturday last by the magistrates at Liverpool for wilful
murder. The boys, it is further said, were prompted by an
old woman, a neighbour, who had a grudge against Goul-
ding. Supposing their statements to be true in every parti-
cular, the crime was only one of manslaughter ; but the
evidence of the medical men, that death was occasioned by
natural causes, puts even that charge out of the question.
If the prisoner had been committed for manslaughter, he
might have been able to obtain bail, but, as it is, the assizes
for Cheshire having just concluded, the poor man will have
to remain in gaol, awaiting his trial, till next spring.

HGRRINGER FAlR.—This important Suffolk fair
took place on Tuesday. The number of sheep penned was
smaller than in former years, but a tolerably brisk trade
was done and high prices were realised. The supply of
lambs was short, and middling descriptions, which a month
since were worth only 26s or 27s cash, were quoted at 30s
per head. A number of Hampshire and Wiltshire ewes
were shown, and there were also a great many tups on the
ground, including some improved Suffolks penned by Mr.
G. Dobito ; the tups averaged from £7 to £lO each. Mr.
Simpson sold by auction 16 shearling and two-shear long-
woolled rams, bred by Mr. IL Aylmer, of West Dereham,
which averaged £8 each. Messrs. Newson and Sexton also
sold at an average of £5 58 each 15 shearling rams, the pro•
perty of Mr. J. Clarke, of Long Sutton, Lincolnshire,
Among the general sales effected during the day may be
mentioned wether lambs at 28s 6d ; crone ewes at2Bs; black-
faced ewe lambs at 388; shearling ewes at 45s to 465; half-
bred Down and Leicester Lambs at 30s ; seconds, 255; three
and four •shear half-bred Leicester at 435; half-bred Down
and Leicester Lambs at 23s to 30s; and black-faced wethers
at 27s per head.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Gateshead are about
to petition the British Government to use their influence in
favour of Garibaldi and his companions. In the former
borough, a public meeting will be held to memorialise the
Foreign Secretary to use his official influence in obtaining
tnh
tee withdrawalnd e dto ssend of
a,: the
invitationF ren ht
fromros fromthe meeting Rome. Itto is
Gaalrsioi.
baldi asking him to take up his residence in England. The
Gateshead meeting, over which the mayor will preside, is
intended to influence the Italian Government through our
own officials in favour of Garibaldi and his followers.
At a meeting of the governors of King Ed-
ward's School, Birmingham, held yesterday, the Rev. Chas.
Evans, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, assistant mas-
ter at Rugby School, was unanimously elected head master,
in the room of the Rev. Dr. Gifford, resigned.
Mr. Woodin, whose "Entertainment" is among
the great attractions of the town to our country visitors,
gives his 100th performance this evening.

THE DISEASE IN SHEEP.—A writer in a con-
temporary says :—The disease in sheep is still spreading,
and an incident occurred at Marlborough fair which should
be a warning to purchasers elsewhere. Mr. Neate, a large
tenant farmer, sent for sale 200 sheep, which were purchased
by Mr. Lousely. Mr. Neate, on his return home, found
that the small-pox had broken out in the unsold portion of
his flock, and at once communicated the fact to the pur-
chaser of the remainder. The purchase money was repaid,
and the sheep were returned, but in the meantime they
had bsen two nights with 500 other sheep also pur-
chased at the fair, all of which are now probably infected.
From the state in which Mr. Neate found his flock
when his attention was drawn to them, there is little doubt
that the eruption was fully developed in the 200 sheep at
the time of his taking them to the fair. The amount of
infection communicated by a single case of this kind can
scarcely be estimated, and when we consider that the value
of our stock of English sheep
is not below L 100,000,000
sterling, one is surprised that the Government cannot even
take the precautions of the Act of 181 S. Where the di-
sease exists, it cannot be too widely known that inoculation
has been very successful. Of Mr. Harding's flock, of 446
inoculated 400 lived, and of 500 lambs only two died. A
neighbouring flockmaster has been equally successful,
While where the disease was taken
naturally 60 per cent.
were lost,