The Sun.
London, England, 1865-12-13 00:00:00

WAR OFFICE, DEC. 8.

sth Regiment of Dragoon Guards—W. G. Balfour, Gent.,
to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Clarke, promoted ; E.
Alderley, Gent., to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Blaine,
promoted.
6th Dragoon Guards—A. Rickards, Gent., to be Cornet, by
purchase, vice Marriott, promoted.
6th Dragoons—Cornet W. J. Power to be Lieutenant, by
purchase, vice W. V. King, who retires ; G. C. Fitzroy,
Gent., to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Power.
9th Lancers.—C. H. Palairet, Gent., to be Cornet, by pur-
chase, vice the Hon. E. F. J. Preston, promoted.
14th Hussars—Captain A. N. Bolton, from the 56th Foot,
to be Captain, vice H. Bradley, who exchanges. •
17th Lancers—W. Brougham, Gent., to be Cornet, by pur-
chase, vice A. B. Donnithorne, who retires.
Royal Artillery—Staff Assistant-Surgeon G. S. Davie,
11,D., to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice J. Michael, de-
ceased.
sth Regiment of Foot—E. Le Marchant Trafford, Gent., to
be Ensign, by purchase, vice Booth, promoted.
14th Foct— Ensign L. K. Howat to be Lieutenant, by pur-
chase, vice S. Watson, who retires; W. K. Barrett, Gent.,
to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Howat.
15th Foot —Lieutenant A. Heaton to be Captain, by pur-
chase, vice G. J. Maunsell, who retires ; Ensign C. K.
Brooke to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Heaton ;
Ensign D. Broughton, from 63d Foot, to be Ensign, vice
Brooke.
16th Foot—Staff-Surgeon W. Armstrong to be Surgeon,
vice Surgeon-Major W. G. Swan, placed upon half-pay.
30th Foot—Captain Pelham, on appointment to the Army
on the 25th June, 1858, should have been described as

Pelham Thursby Pelham.
38th. Foot—Ensign W. Sinclair to be Lieutenant, by pur-
chase, vice D. R. Lofthouse, who retires; Ensign F. C.
Burton, from the 56th Foot, to be Ensign, vice Sinclair.
49th Foot—The surname of the Ensign transferred from
the 66th Foot, on the 10th ultimo, is Humfrey, not
" Humphrey."
52d Foot—Lieut. H. Synge to be Instructor of Musketry,
vice Lieut. Adair, appointed Adjutant.
56th Foot—Captain H. Bradley, from the 14th Hussars, to
tie Captain, vice A. N. Bolton, who exchanges J. It.
Harriman, Gent., to be Ensign, bypurchase, vice Buxton,
transferred to the 38th Foot.
60th Foot—Lieut. A. F. Terry has been permitted to re-
sign the Adjutancy in consequence of his transfer from

the 3d to the let Biittalion.
62d Foot—Lietit, L. G. Dundee to be Captain, without
purchase, vice W. B. Davenport, deceased ; Ensign J.
Boughoy to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Dun-
dee ; Ensign K. R. B. Wodehouse to be Lieutenant, by
purchase. vice Boughey, whose promotion, by purchase,
on Nov. 10, 1865, has been cancelled ; Gentleman Cadet
R. A. Poole, from the Royal Military College, to be En-
sign, by purchase, vice Wodehouse.
63d Foot —W. C. Harrison, Gent., to be Ensign, by pur-
chase, vice Broughton, transferred to the 15th Foot.
66th Foot—CitiAain F. W. Benwell, from the 100th Foot,
to be Captain, vice A. Trigge, who exchanges.
87th Foot—Lieut. A. H. Southey to be Captain, by pur-
chase, vice E. A. D. Widdrington, who retires ; Ensign
If. D. Devereux to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice
Southey; F. C. Anneeley, Gent., to be Ensign, by put-
chase, vice Devereux.
100th Foot—Captain A. Trigge, from the 66th Foot, to be
Captain, vice F. W. Benwell, who exchanges.
Rifle Brigade—Lieut. H. S. Brownrigg to be Instructor of
Musketry, vice F. Markham, appointed Provisional
Lieutenant Instructor at the School of Musketry, Fleet-
wood.

DEPOT BATTALION.—Capt. A. Kelsall, 16th Foot, to be
Instructor of Musketry, vice Captain Tarte, appointed Ad-
jutant. _

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.—Assistant Surgeon G. N. Irvine,
M.D., from the Royal Artillery, to be Staff Assistant Sur-
geon, vice J. G. S. Mathison, deceased; Staff Assistant
Surgeon M. S. Grace, M.D., has been permitted to resign
his commission ; Staff Assistant Surgeon J. J. Verdon has
been permitted to resign his commission.
CHAPLAIN'S DEPARTMENT.—The Rev. F. F. Thomson,
8.A., Chaplain of the Fourth Class, to be Chaplain of the
Third Class; the Rev. C. Moore, 8.A., Chaplain of the
Fourth Class, to be Chaplain of the Third Class.
MEMORANDUM.—Major and Brevet Lieut.-Col. H. D.
Fanshawo, half-pay Unattached, has been permitted to
retire from the service by the sale of his commission, in
accordanCe with the Horse Guards Circular Memorandum
of Feb. 15, 1861.

ADMIRALTY, DEC. 11.
The following Flag promotions, dated the 2d inst., have
been made in consequence of the removal of the name of
Admiral IL Smith, C. 8., from the Active to tho Reserved.
Flag List, on his being granted a Service Pension:—Vice-
Admiral Sir S. Lushington, K.C.8., on the Reserved List,
to be Admiral on the same List ; Vice-Admiral J. A. Duntze
to be Admiral in her Majesty's Fleet. Rear-Admirals F.
D. Hastings and G. Hathorn, on the Reserved List, to be
Vice-Admirals on the same List. Rear-Admiral Sir L. T.
Jones, K.C.8., to be Vice-Admiral in her Majesty's Fleet.
Captains J. C. Caffin, C. 8., and R. Tryon, to be Rear-Ad-
mirals on the Reserved List. Captain T. Harvey to bo
Roar-Admiral in her Majesty's Fleet ; Retired Rear-Ad-
miral W. Shepheard to be Retired Vice-Admiral. Retired
Captains W. Clark, T. L Gooch, G. A. Halsted, and R.
Sharpe, to be Retired Rear-Admirals, under the provisions
of her Majesty's Order in Council of 1851.

THE AMERICAN DEBT AND RESOURCES.
While in numerous instances, no doubt, the public taxes
press heavily, and for persons of fixed and limited in-
comes the times are hard, yet it will be readily conceded
that no national expenditure ever created less dismay, and
no taxation was ever more cheerfully borne. Reasons
for this feeling are founded on something better than vain
confidence. They grow out of an intelligent comprehen-
sion of the necessity that existed for the creation of such
a debt, and a knowledge of the resources that may be relied
upon for its payment. The tax-gatherer, in most coun-
tries of the old world, is looked upon as an unmitigated
evil or a public highwayman, who takes your money to
pay the armies that restrain your liberty. Tho English-
man, indeed, perceives that the income of his Consols de-
pends very much on the state of the Exchequer, but in
nearly every other country of Europe the expenditure of
the year exceeds the income, and the great problem is
how and where to borrow. In the year 1793 the debt of
Great Britain was $1,205,413,372. In 1816 it had increased
to $4,205,621,530. In 1862 it was $3,690,075,357. That
of the United States, on the 30th of September, was
$2,744,947,726 17. The revenue of England in 1862 was
$322,184,000. The revenue of the United States, judg-
ing from the returns for the three months ending Sep-
tember 30, is at the rate of $560,000,000 per annum ; or, in
other terms, our debt is one-third less and our revenue
more than two-thirds greater than that, of Great
Britain. The debt of Franco in 1863 was $1,902,238,400,
while her expenditure exceeded her income by $67,127,972.
Austria owes a public debt of $1,108,267,239, while the
annual expenses exceeded the income in 1862 by
$35,087,462. In fact there are but few European States
whose income exceeded their expenses by a small sum,
while many of them are plunging into the abyss of debt at
from $200,000 to over $60,000,000 annually. When we
reflect on those things and remember that the American
war debt has already been reduced nearly $16,000,000, end
that the annual revenues are not only sufficient to pay the
interest, but at present rates will soon swallow up the
principal, there is reason for faith in U.S. bonds and for a
fearless confidence in the community generally. All this is
not after years of peace and commercial prosperity, but at
a time when, if ever, the credit of the country might well
be supposed to have received a shock. It may indeed sur-
prise the future student of political economy to learn that
which
were produced
auccteudal nlyo such
the contest which carried distress and calamity into the
results
those districtswr of
f G
wag-
ing war. If this was in the green tree what shall be in the
dry ? When the activity repressed, or turned into warlike
channels, turns to the courses of civil industry with the
oher n States Groat
Britain
t v
force of a rebound, the effect must lie still more sriking.
The people may well appreciate and confide in, as they do,
that statesmanship which achieved so much, and rode out
tho otorm oo well.—Xoseon ,Tournal.

Moreover, the surrender of the Shenandoah to our
Consul at Liverpool as a Confederate war vessel, and his
acceptance of the ship in that character, precludes us from
all complaint against the British authorities for discharg-
ing the officers and crew. We could have no claim for
the extradition of those men, except as pirates. Whether
piracy committed upon ships on the high seas comes with-
in the scope of the Ashburton Treaty, which relates only
to felonies committed "within the jurisdiction" of either
nation, is a debatable point. But were our claim for the
extradition for piracy under the treaty ever so clear, we
should be stopped from pursuing it by our acceptance of
the ship as a Confederate vessel of war. If the vessel it-
self retained that belligerent character, no hostile act com-
mitted against our commerce by those on board of it could
have been piratical. Having accepted the Shenandoah as
a Confederate vessel, it is not for us to denounce the
British Government for treating its officers and crew
as mere belligerents, and not trying them for piracy in
its own tribunals.

Yetit is morally certain that the actual offence of piracy
was committed, Conceding that the Shenandoah had a
belligerent character up to the close of the rebellion, and
indeed up to the time when the news of that close reached
the seas which the ship was infesting, it then lost its cha-
racter and became a cruiser without a flag. Captain
Waddell's pretence that he continued to sail for months in
ignorance that the Confederacy no longer existed is bald
impudence. He had no official notification of the fact, and
could have none, because the authority which commis-
sioned him no longer existed. But American captains have
made affidavits that they personally made known to him
the fact of the termination of the war long before he
ceased to make war. What is more probable not one of
the vessels which he boarded and destroyed during the
summer months was without some newspaper from the
Pacific coast, or other quarter, abounding with conclusive
evidence that the Confederacy had come to an end. There
has not been a copy of an American newspaper published
for tho last seven months from which any man not abso-
lutely idiotic could not gather that the Richmond Govern-
ment was no longer in existence. Waddell unquestion-
ably knew all through the summer that he was robbing
and burning without any living authority ; and yet, ac-
cording to his own published statement, it was the very
last day of summer before he shipped his guns and stopped
his work. Whatever he may originally have been, he
became a pirate to all intents and purposes ; and no
pirate ever more richly deserved hanging. Were he in
the hands of our Government hanging would almost cer-
tainly be his fate. But as the matter has turned, he has
as good a prospect as any other man of dying in his
bed. it is a curious result, and not very creditable to the
boasted civilization and law of the age.