The Sun.
London, England, 1862-12-04 00:00:00

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STAMPED

to annex themselves to Piedmont. It was impos-
sible for them to go back to Austrian, or Bout bon,
or Papal despotism, nor could they go back to the
republics of the middle ages, consequently there
was no alternative but to make one constitutional
Italy by means of the union with Piedmont; but
not with the intention of making the 20,000,000 of
Italians Piedmontese, but rather to make the
3,000,000 of Piedmontesc Italians. This was the
object the Italians had in view when, by universal
suffrage, they almost unanimously declared them-
selves against a republic and in favour of the an-
nexation. The Emperor of France, who claimed
to be the patron of Italy, having failed in his desire
to establish a federal Italy, was trying all he could
to create divisions amongst the Italians themselves.
Napoleon claimed gratitude for what he had done;
but the gratitude was due not to the Emperor but
to the French army, which liberated Italy so far as
it was liberated, but complained loudly and bitterly
of their own Emperor that he would not permit
them to complete the work of liberation. The Im-
perial "idea" for which the war was said to have
been undertaken the lecturer ridiculed with happy
effect, pointing out the substantial advantages the
Emperor had obtained in exchange for the idea,
which, though put forward with so much ostenta-
tion at first, became nu inua..e.l,-....a.L4...e...ft0r villa-
franca. He did not desire to see war in Italy, least
of all war with aF rench army; but when Italy had, as
he hoped ere long she would have, 400,000 soldiers
under arms, no nation would be likely to go to war
with her upon her own soil, or to resist her right
to go to Rome. What Italy wanted was a man to
lead her, and that man she had in Garibaldi, who
had not been disgraced by his recent failure, but
those who Were disgraced were the wretched mini-
stry of menials to the French Emperor, who be-
trayed Garibaldi and wounded him at Aspromonte.
He denied that Garibaldi was defeated at Aspro-
monte, for he did not fight; he was wounded, but
not defeated ; and he repudiated altogether the
term rebel as applied to Garibaldi, which he said
was a libel emanating from that man who at Bou-
logne was himself a rebel. Garibaldi had done for
Victor Emmanuel and for Italy more than Cavour,
Rattazzi, Cialdini, and all the rest of them; and it
was only Garibaldi now who could lead Victor
Emmanuel into Rome, and this he said on the
authority of Pius IX. himself. They must go to
Rome, for Rome was an Italian, not a Roman
Catholic question, as they were now trying to make
it in France. The course of events he wished to
promote was to force an excommunication against
Father Passaglia and his ten thousand priests, this
would raise up an opposition which could not but
be successful against the Pope's spiritual power,
which must be speedily followed by an opposition
to his temporal power, and then the reign of the
Pope as a temporal Prince would be over, and the
gospel would be free in Rome itself.

The lecture was repeatedly and loudly cheered
during the delivery of the oration.

ANOTHER BOILER EXPLOSION-SEVEN
MEN KILLED AND FIFTEEN INJURED.

About seven o'clock yesterday morn:ng a dread-
ful explosion of a boiler took place at the premises
of Messrs. Beatson and Co., the Midland Iron-
works, Masbro', by which seven lives have been sa-
crificed, and ethers put in jeopardy, and a great
amount of property injured. In the works a great
number of men are employed in puddling and roll-
ing, and the other laborious operations which are
carried on in the works, and it was in this part that
the fearful calamity took place. Several boilers of
various dimensions were fixed in the mill to furnish
the power necessary to work the large number of
rolls that were in use. One of these boilers, nearly
the largest in the place, was embedded midway
between two smaller ones, at about 80 yards from
the entrance gate. A few minutes after seven yes-
terday morning there were about 150 men and boys
employed in the shed. The work was proceeding
as usual, when a tremendous report was heard, the
large boiler launched itself forward into the mill,
and in an instant's time the whole place was in
ruins. The two large tubes of the boiler were pro-
jected with immense force to the rear of the pre-
mises, being accompanied in their flight by showers
of red-hot bricks from the bed of the boiler, slates,
and sheets of iron from the roof of the shed, and
other portions of the debris, which covered the
whole space around. Before the tremendous missile
everything went down like reeds. The roar of the
explosion was terrible, but it was quickly succeeded
by still more appalling sounds—the shrieks and
screams of the unfortunate persons who were buried
beneath the ruins. The survivors set immediately
to work, and having taken steps to obviate
any danger from the other boilers, they com-
menced to extricate the wounded and the dead.
Of the latter there were found five, most of
whom had been killed instantaneously by the rush
of the boiler or the ponderous fragments which

OFFICIAL REPORT.

it displaced. Their bodies were removed to the
Butchers' Arms, an adjacent public-house. Two
others of the sufferers of the name of Caw. thorns
and John Ellis, who were removed in an insensible
condition, died shortly afterwards. The injured
men number about 15, and most of them are suffer-
ing from wounds of a very dreadful nature, caused
by the scalding water and steam, or the fragments
of the ruins which had fallen so thickly. Nine of
them were sent at once to the Masbro' station, and
taken by train to Sheffield, where they were re-
moved to the General Infirmary.

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C--=-t ,

!I IN TV
-
'WESTER.

The following fe,cts will show the difficulty of
dealing with the distress now so universally preva-
lent in the manufacturing districts, because it would
appear that there is a danger of giving too much
relief, so as to discourage people from taking Clll-
- when it is effeicd to them. Early last
week a placard was hstitAl in 111anelie6ter and Sal-
ford, of which the following is a copy :—" Hard
silkwinders and cleaners wanted. Apply at Hope-
field Silk-mill, Adelphi, Salford." Although this
placard has been out more than a week, it, appears
that they have only been able to get a denr-,n work-
people (girls) up to this time. 'they still want he-
, tweet, 50 and GO, and have about 2,01)0 spindles
idle for want of hands to attend to them. The silk
trade, like the linen and worsted trades, appears to
be improving to some extent, though it has been
, much distressed in consequence of the great advance
which has taken place in the price of cotton fabrics.
According to the returns of Captain Mar, pub-
lished on Tuesday,, the number of people belonging
to silk mills out of employment in Manchester is
2,297, while the number out of work in cotton
mills is 11,409, and yet the owner of Hopefield silk
mills, who is much pressed by orders, is unable to
get sufficient workpeople to tendhis spindles. Some
light is thrown upon the ease by the fact that ti
Poor Law guardian of an adjoining union, hearing
of this case, went to a family in Hulme, Manches-
ter, where he knew there were several girls who
had been employed in silk mills, and tried in vain
to induce them to apply at Hopefield mill. The
father of the girls replied that if they were to get
the work it would only make a difference of is. per
week in his favour, and they would have to go to
woe at the ractory at six o'clock in the morning,
while at the sewing rooms they were only required
to attend from nine till four o'clock. He should
not like them, there, to take the situations offered.
A girl who has accepted work at the mills has spoken
to the same effect. On being remonstrated with
about her work by the overlooker she is reported to
have said, "I could do as well by going to a sewing
school, where I should have 3s. 4d. per week for
three days' work, besides having 3s. a-week in
' provend ' (food)." We have heard of many cases
of a similar kind in other towns.
NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS.

General Pope writes from head-quarters at St.
Paul to the Governor of Minesota that, in accord-
ance with the wishes of the citizens, he shall in-
crease the force of 7,000 men he proposed to keep in
the north-west for the protection of the country
during the winter, and to be ready for a vigorous
campaign in the spring ; and he proceeds to say
" I have proposed to the Government to disarm and
remove entirely from the State all the annuity
Indians and all other Indians now within its boun-
daries; to place them where they can no longer
impede the progress of the settlements nor endanger
the settlers ; during the campaign of next summer
to seize and dispose of all the Indians upon whom
we can lay our hands in like manner, so that the
lines of travel and emigration shall be secure to the
smallest parties; to treat all Indians—as the late
outrages and many previous outrages have demon-
strated to be the only safe and humane method—as
irresponsible persons, to occupy nearly the same re-
lation to the Government as lunatics do to the State
authorities; the Government to feed and clothe
them cheaply ; and for that purpose use the annul-
ties now paid them and the proceeds of the sale of
their reservations ; to pay no more annuities, and
give the Indian no more aims or weapons by which
he can be dangerous. By this mode of treatment a
great barrier,which has been constantly accumulat-
ing by the removal periodically of Indian tribes,
and their location along our borders, will be at
once lifted away, and the whole region to the Rocky
Mountains will in a short time be open to emigra-
tion, travel, and settlement. By this policy also
the Indian, being deprived of his arms, and of the
power of indulging his habits of wandering restless-
ness, and removed from the association of gamblers,
whisky-sellers, and unprincipled white men and
half-breeds, will be brought to a condition where
Christianity and education can best be brought to
bear upon him, and where some hope of success will
be offered to the missionary and instructor in their
humane labours. . . . The Sioux prisoners en-
gaged in the late outbreak will be executed unlees
the President forbids it, which from the tone of his
despatches I am sure he will not do."

THE STEAMER WHITE SWAN.

A naval court assembled at the committee room of the
House of the Representatives of the General Assembly at
Wellington, New Zealand, July 17, 18, and 19, 1862—pre-
sident, John T. Swann, Esq., senior Lieut. of 11.1V1.5.
Harrier. Members—Henry C. Sedmona, Esq., Master of
H.M.S. Harrier; Captain Jacob Care, master of the British
merchant ship Blanch; Captain John Halliday, harbour
master of Wellington; W. B. Rhodes, H.M.P., merchant,
of Wellington.
The Court, pursuant to an order from Sir M. M'Gregor,
Bart„ commander of H.M.S. Harrier, and senior officer in
New Zealand, dated 15th July, 1862, proceeded to hear and
investigate the cause of the wreck of the British merchant
steamer White Swan, near Flatpoint, on the east coast of the
northern island of New Z ealand,on the 29th June, 1862 ; and
having heard read the narrative of the master of the White
Swan relative to the case, and examined the officers, the
crew, and some of the passengers ; and having deliberately
weighed and considered the said narrative, and the whole
of the evidence brought forward, the court is of opinion that
—Firstly. The ship was steered too close to the land during
the night. Secondly. The vessel struck on a rock or reef.
Thirdly. Sufficient caution was not taken in conducting the
navigation of the ship—in the first place, in not using the com-
mon log as a check on the patent log, and in the second
place, in not using either the deep-sea or hand leads, at the
short distance the ship was off the land. Fourthly. The
boats were not properly prepared for an emergency, being
deficient in oars and thole pins. Fifthly. The number of
seamen on deck appeared to be insufficient for the naviga-
tion of the ship, there being only three in the watch in
addition to the officer, Sixthly. After the fore
compartment had been found full of water in
Auckland, the well should have been sounded more
frequently than it was, viz., once or sometimes twice in 24
hours. Seventhly. That from the evidence before the
Court, the distance from the land must have been much less
than as stated by master and Mr. Win. D. Hall, chief mate,
the Court being of opinion that it could not have been more
than one mile, or a mile and a half, Eightly. A very great
discrepancy exists in the master's evidence, inasmuch as he
stated to the Court that the patent log showed in the middle
watch an average of nine knots, whereas from his positions
as laid down in the chart, by bearings at 2 a.m. and 4 a.m.,
it would appear that she had gone 40 miles in these two hours
Ninthly. The Court cannot reconcile the fact that a man
should be capable of commanding a steamer, and not know
the difference between his two compasses within half a
point. Tenthly. From the evidence we have received of the
ship's antecedents, from the mere partial repair she had at
Melbourne, we are of opinion, especially after her defect in
Auckland, that although surveyed at Auckland the vessel
could not have been in a thoroughly efficient state. In con-
clusion, from the master's verbal statement, his antecedents
are good, but he had no certificates to show from the owners
of the different ships he had served in, having lost them in
the "White Swan. And the Court are of opinion that blame
is to be attributed to the said Allen Augustus Harper, late
Master of the White Swan, for not having been more con-
stantlyespecially when steering so closely to land;
time the vessel struck to the time the pas-
sengers
but,
f ro onmthe
were
deck,
laded, the conduct of the master, as well as
that of the officers and crew, was deserving of all praise.
Given under my hand at Wellington, New Zealand, this
19th day of July, 1862. JOHN T. SWANN,
Lieutenant of H.M.S. Harrier, and President
of Naval Court.

The Opinione Nattonale states that the second
edition of M. Michelet's new book, the Soreiere, has been
interdicted.

Ali the accounts from Augsburg agree in g:ving
a gloomy account of the young Queen of Francis 11. She
is said to be in a greater state of moral and physical prostra-
tion than before, and fears are entertained for her health.
Every entreaty is unavailing to induce her to return to the
ex-King.

SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUM.—During the
week ending Nov. 29 the visitors have been as follows :
On Monday, Tuesday, and Saturday, free days, open from
10 a.m. to 10 p.m., 9,505; on Wednesday, Thursday, and
Friday, students' days (admission bo the public 6d.), open,
from 10 a.m. till 4D 1,210; total, 10,715. Froht the
opening oe tne museum, 3,608,226.

- THE AMERICAN MAILS.—LIVERPOOL, Wedneg-
day, 5 p.m.—The screw steamer City of Baltimore, from
New York, has not arrived, being detained outside the port
by thick weather. The Inman steamship Edinburgh sailed
yesterday from Liverpool for New York. Besides a vale-
able cargo she took out 40 cabin passengers.