The Sun.
London, England, 1862-07-09 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 9, 1862.

THE S UN.
LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 9, 1862.

•
The Americans—the Federals, perhapa, we should
rather say, are an unaccountable people. The last
accounts all assure us that the Tax Bill they have
just passed, and which comes into operation on the
Ist of August, will, in regard, 'to foreign trade, be
infinitely worse than the M OUILL Tariff. Eng-
land had the larger trade with America, and will
therefore feel the effect of the enhanced protective
duties most, but we are, told that the duties on
French produce also are such as to be almost, in
practice, prohibitory. With the greater part of
d
French articles, as being articles of taate and luxury,
people can disrdnse; and the duties now lev ie
them will, it, is an:icipated, destroy the Fr on
nch
trade almost entirely, while the native Americana
have not the genius and skill to produce such thing%
for themselves. The produce of our manufactories,
on the other hand, is of a kind no civilised mortals
can do without; iron, cu*,,lery, pottery, all kinds of
dry goods, Americans must have. They cannot
make them so cheap and so good as we can ; they
must therefore punish themselves by using dear and
bad articles of thfir own manufacture, it being in
their power to 'obtain a fair revenue by moderate
duties upon our superior manufactures.
But what are, we to say for a people so boastful
of their r2dueation and intelligence, if they can not
only Vass such tariffi,, but exult in them. Not, in-
deed , that quite all share the exultation. The mer-
chants and bankers, the men who earn their wealth,
in the legitimate process of conducting the trade
with foreign countries, have posted off to Washing-
ton with n remonstrance in their pockets, to which,
however, no one expects any attention will be paid.
The Senate and the populace seem to be about
equally enlightened, which is not to be much
wondered at, considering
the mo4e of election
and both are B intelligent as to believe that a
high tariff means foreigners payir,g the costs of the
American civil war.
Pay for it we do, indeed, and that as Liverpool
and Havre call testify, to a fearful
extent. But,
unfortunately for the Americans, our losses from
want or cotton are 1,0 gain to them- It seems,
however, almost incredible that the Great Itep,,blie

whieli has so long boasted of its universal education
and cheap newspapers, should be as deplorably
ignorant of the first principles of free trade as if
they were not of the same generation as Sir ROBERT
PEEL and RICHARD COBDEN. We excuse a nation
whose chief intellectual aliment is penny and half-
penny newspapers, for knowing little or nothing of
ADAM SMITH and his successors in plain English,
but we might have supposed that their daily papers
would by this time have brought them up to the
current public knowledge of the day. Yet it is
a fact that there is not one, we believe,
of the old monarchies of Europe on which
the Americans look with such supreme con-
tempt, which does not show itself more enlightened,
commercially, than they' are. Turkey itself could
teach them a lesson, and Austria give them a
twelvemonth's schooling, greatly to their advantage.
For ourselves, we need not, we trust, trouble
ourselves much about their tariff. The last cut us
off half our trade with them ; and if the
other half follow, we are sorry for it, but
we must look elsewhere. India and China
must be opened more thoroughly. We do not
despair at all of our merchants finding out fresh
markets in which to exchange their commodities
with those of other countries. English merchants
are not Government routinists ; their enterprise
soon seeks out new channels when old ones are
choked up. India must sooner or later become our
chief source of cotton supply, and she will take
goods back in proportion to our purchases ; and it is
evident that China will become a good market,
since, notwithstanding the Taeping disturbances,
our trade is largely developing itself there.
What is as deplorable as anything is the temper
in which all this is done. The American public
really seems less concerned for 4, native manufac-
tures," commercially blundering as the notion is,
than to spite England. What appears to give them
most pleasure is, the thought of cramping British
trade, as if that did not mean cramping their own.
They seem to quite forget that even if they can raise
the same revenue on a million's worth of British
goods at a high duty, as on five millions'worth at a
low one, that they themselves must lose the use and
enjoyment of the excluded four millions' worth.
They must, however, calculate very surely on our
extraordinary forbearance and patience. Hitherto
England alone has saved them from the recognition
of the South by France, soon to be followed by all
European powers. If we held up a finger of en-
couragement the EMPEROR would gladly acknow-
ledge the South as a de facto Government ; so that
to please the North, we have almost given France
occasion to think we are willing to displease her;
and that too at a time when France is opening her
ports to us, and America closing them Already
we are told that the Western States of America,
those which sell us our corn, and need our cheap
and good productions in exchange, are kicking at
some parts of the Tax Bill ; their displeasure once
awakened, they may resent equally the Tariff part.
What has California to gain by excluding English
and French articles of commerce, and how will
Illinois like her corn carried to England, by ships
arriving in ballast, and purchasing corn at prices
which will pay for freight both ways. We hope there-
fore that very shortly the resentment of England,
France, and their own corn-growing States will
bring the Gentlemen at 'Washington to their
senses. If they do not regain them it will really
become a serious question whether we and France
should not recognise the South at once, and break
the Cotton Blockade at Charleston, Savannah, and
Mobile.

During the Russian War we remember per-
fectly well beginning an article in these columns
of The Sun with these words—" The King of SAR-
DINIA is earning Lombardy." Events proved not
long afterwards that he really had then earned
it. Season at first followed season, and the posi-
tion of things in Italy remained unaltered. The
loyal participation of the little kingdom of Sardinia
in the Crimean enterprise undertaken by the two
great Powers of Western Europe, of the eastern
hemisphere, of the world, appeared almost to be for-
gotten. Suddenly—all Europe was startled by the
detonation of a succession of hand-grenades in the
Rue Lepelletier. The diabolical attempt at assas-
sination by that " grand gentleman" (as the
Kentish-town servant-of-all-work described him
to be at any rate in appearance) ORSINI
came abruptly (to the proposed victim of
that assassination) as a reminder of the
forlorn condition of Italy and of the Italians ! And
of the imminent advisability there was of reward-
ing the good services done in the interests of the
Balance of Power in Europe (through the medium
of the Crimean campaign) by VICTOR EMMANUEL.
The political emancipation of Italy was known
years before to have been the daydream of the pre-
sent ruler of France from the period almost of his
earliest boyhood. While he was yet a younger
brother, consequently before he bad succeeded to
the headship of the BONAPARTE Family, Louis
NAPOLEON had been in arms—side by side with his
elder brother NAPOLEON Louis—in vindication
of that cherished cause of Italian Liberation !
It was at the period of the accession to power
in Central Italy of Pope GREGORY XVI. that this
occurred. Prince NAPOLEON LOUIS died soon after-
wards—very prematurely. Prince Louis NAPOLEON
succeeded to the dynastic possessions and to the
Italian policy (hardly less to that, indeed, than to
the French) policy of his elder brother, then de-
ceased. A lengthened exile from the land of his
birth, an imprisonment of six years' duration in
the fortress of Ham, only served to confirm the
future Ruler of France and the eventual Liberator
of Lombardy (for that latter title is not one jot less
NAroveoN lll.'s, by right, than the former)—re-
flection, time, experience, observation, all served
only to confirm him in his early resolve As the event
proved—though the years fled past,during which no-
thing was done in behalf of Italy or the Italians—the 1
reigning Emperor of FRANCE only bided his time,
only waited for his opportunity. But for the goad
Of ORSINI'S attempt, NAPOLEON 111. might have
waited longer. Whatever may have been the sting
of the invective, at the very least, that all but success-
ful attempt at
that the die was c
down before
have _ .
assassination appeared to have pre-
cipitated matte
rs, For it was very soon afterwards
flung
ast, that the gage of battle was
EMPEROR mi ght
Austria : and the French
, the
a profounder emotion 'ald, not only alia jacta
in
eat, but also, and with
words liberavi animam mean,.
AB the actual re-
sult, before very many weeks bad elapsed, the long-
-0 was
at any rate partially N
cherished Italianpolicy of Louts NAPOLE
realized. The As.str .
utus were
That fair
and
The
fertile province was as last liberated. T
at length driven out of Lombardy.
e V con-
querorto VICTOR EIkIMANTIEL.
SARDINIA had earned Lombardy,
The King of
-
handed it over bodily
If the date of those events marked a period of
partial satisfaction, it marked also, none the less
distinctly, an epoch of immense disappointment. So
very brief a while before, the campaig.e. of Magenta
had been completed by the crowning
victory of
Solferino, the latter had suddenly led by an anti-
climax to the treaty of Villafranca ! The hopes
that had been so resplendently kindled by
the proclamation from Milan, were immediately
afterwards dashed to the dust and abruptly
extinguished. Italy, which was to have been
free from the Alps to the Adriatic—Italy* which

was to have been left entirely to the Italians—found
herself doomed still to discover the work of her
emancipation only partially accomplished—to
see, :as indeed she still sees, the German
soldiers garrisoning the formidable fortifica-
tions of the Quadrilateral, and the Kaiser
disporting himself at intervals among his despised
Italian lieges, in the amphibious fairy capital of his
Italian province of Venetia.

From the completion of the lamentable compro-
mise inaugurated by the imperial interview sud-
denly improvised upon one memorable morning at
Villafranca—if Italy has not been left entirely to
the Italians, the Italians have been left entirely to
themselves. The diplomacy of her Statesmen, the
swords of her Soldiers, have alternately untied or
severed some, at least of the many Gordian knots
which trammelled her limbs. As NAPOLEON,
at the head of an immense army, had liberated
Lombardy and handed it over to the King of SAR-
DNIfeIwdA
e—v
oGt eAdi t
fno Al
lLoDwi
e, r
si
libi
es r
at
tuerdn
ha
et twh
he hl
ee ad o f
King-
dom of the Two Sicilies from the power, or rather,
we ought to say more correctly, from the weakness,
of the BOURBONS, and handed it over in like-
manner into the possession of VICTOR EMMANUEL.
The ball rolled on, and increased as it rolled.
Province after province, principality after princi-
pality became agglomerated together. The King of
SARDINIA became the King of ITALY. There he is
still that King of ITALY—but the Kingdom of Italy
yet remains incomrlete. Biding his time, as we
have seen his Imperial Ally had done before him,
King VICTOR EMMANUEL is nevertheless all this
while strengthening his position among the powers
that be—strengthening it, that is, beyond the fron-
tiers of his own dominions. He is doing this in
many ways. By multiplying dynastic ties wherever
he can find the opportunity. By extending more and
more widely his diplomatic relations. In the per-
son of his Imperial Highness the Prince NAPO-
LEON, he has found one son-in-law close beside the
throne of France. He is just finding another son-
in-law in the youthful monarch now seated upon
the throne of Portugal. The two fair young
daughters of the King of ITALY the
Princess CLOTILDA and the Princess PIA (the
latter, strange it is to remember it just
now ! a goddaughter, as the Prince Imperial of
France is also the godson, of Pope Pius IX.)—these
two fair young Italian Princesses, daughters of King
VICTOR EMMANUEL, are securing, so far as they
may, the influence of their father's position among
the powers of Europe, and are so far forwarding the
great work GARIBALDI has so long cherished in his
heroic heart. Meanwhile the interests of the popu-
lar cause in Italy are being forwarded by the recog-
nition of the Kingdom of Italy, by one after
another of the European Sovereigns. England and
France led the way in this direction. Russia is
now following at length tardily, but also, we can-
not still but fear very suspiciously, in the same track
The Government of the CZAR, it being understood,
as we have but so recently had occasion to remark,
holding out conditions for that recognition : but con-
ditions, too, that would pledge the Government at
Turin to hold its hands in regard to Venetia. If but
these ignoble and inadmissible conditions can be
swept aside adroitly and resolutely by RATAZzi—.
there is the recognition of the kingdom of Italy in its
ir:cegrity by the Russian Government'! Close upon
the completion of which diplomatic event, will fol-
low that of a similar announcement on the part of the
Prussian Government. Lord P ALMERSTON indeed
last evening in the House of Commons intimated
the latter event as aetually upon the cards and as
very imminent. At which assurance the House
cheered. Slowly it may be, but surely, the hands
of the RING are gaining more strength in their
hold upon the reins of Government. And what is
more—slowly and surely also Austria, with Vene-
tia under her iron heel, is becoming more forlorn
and isolated.

Upon the motion of Sir J. HAY, the House of
Commons at length decided last evening that "it
is inexpedient that judgment should be any longer
delayed on the amount of prize money due to her
MAJESTY'S land and sea forces employed in the
capture of Kertch and Yenikale, on the 24th of
May, 1854, as it is calculated," said the resolution,
" to injure the confidence of the soldiers, seamen,
and marines in the good faith of her MAJESTY'S
Government in matters of prize." A rather sharp
rap over the knuckles, that for, whoever is mainly
responsible for the delay ! It is a reprimand that
has unhappily been but too well deserved.
Yet it is but right—and consolatory even in one
sense—to add that it has all arisen more from a
vexatious mistake than from any very culpable neg -
ligence. How indignant the House showed itself,
however, on account of the mistake may be best
appreciated by noticing the almost unparalleled cir-
cumstance of its nearly refusing to listen to Lord
PALMERSTON when he rose at last, at the end of a
stormy little discussion, to utter a very few words
of final explanation. It has not often if, in truth, it
has ever befcre now happened, as it, nevertheless,
did happen last night, that there had to be jotted
down from permanent record in the pages of Hansard,
an incident, such as the following, upon the rising,
in the Hruse of Commons, of him who is facile
princeps among living English Statemen ! The
Reporter's pencil writing—" Lord PALMERSTON rose
amid loud cries of ' Oh,' Spoke,' and ' Divide,
divide,' which for some minutes prevented him
from addressing the House. When the interrup-
tion had subsided, he.said—' Upon the understand-
ing that the object of this motion is that the ques-
tion should be refeared to a competent court of law
I have no objection to it.' (Renewed cries of 'Oh, oh !'
`Divide, divide !' and followed by repeated shouts
of sarcastic cheering from the crowded Opposition
benches)," The Opposition benches, observe ! So
that party feeling had a good deal of course to do
with this singular demonstration. Apart from that,
however, there were reasons enow of another kind
altogether, why the House should at length be right
glad to do something practical towards sweeping
aside a monstrous act of injustice to a set of gallant
fellows, who have all along deserved better treat-
ment than they hive yet received in this matter at I
the hands of the Government.

PORTSMOUTH, Tuesday.—Her Majesty's yacht
Victoria and Albert, Captain G. H. Seymour, passed
through Spithead at 5.30 p.m. from Osborne, for Antwerp,
with their Royal Highnesses the Prince Louis and Princess
Alice of Hesse, and suite, on board. The Fairy, screw
yacht, Master Commander 'Welch, with, it is presumed, her
Majesty on board, accompanied the Victoria and Albert out
as far as the Noman Shoal, to the eastward of the Spithead
anchorage, the Channel fleet lying at Spithead firing a
royal salute cll the yachts passing by. Off the Noman the
Fairy hove to and exchanged a parting signal with the
Victoria and Albert, the royal yachts then separating in
their course, the Victoria and Albert proceeding on her
voyage to Antwerp, and the Fairy returning to Osborne.
Theaninoa vadetraae yaednhytashs
her
etti beautifully
estimated,
her yfine,oy a withge .
W.S.W., sufficient to fill the Victoria and Albert's sails
_o f , Ttili:islitistztßoNthAenEoxNhAiLbitiEon.XailrelßirnTslcOruNta.
—The
was
waitswet day,and the attendance was excellent ; yester-
sTuvehbrmeintn:baenrsdrtshurepriusminbgers were not greater than
011 the previous day. There is no rule by which their
egbnurattecreted on season ticketesttl' and there is nothing for it
'including the new 10s. tickets, to
variations with the best
ed were 58,883, of which 6,554
meeting of the three and five
protest against which
guinea ticket holders was held tol3 ,a,ta 5 thhieglhJeorn
tdhoann Toan-
van. The temperature in the -building, as shown by
Negretti and Zambra's thermometer,
Monday, being, at 2.15 p.m., in the nave, 71.6., and in the
gallori es, 72,5,

LATESr NEWS.

PARIS, JULY 9.

The Moniteur of this morning contains a decree,
appointing Rear-Admiral Bonard to the rank of
Vice• Admiral.

TURIN, JULY 9.

The Nationalites of today announces that the
marriage of the King of Portugal with the Prin-
cess Pia will take place at the end of September,
and the King will come himself to Turin.

MADRID, JULY 8.

A report is current that General Serrano will
be appointed successor to M. Mon, whose resigna-
nation is said to have been accepted.

BELGRADE, JULY 8.
A Turkish war vessel has ascended the Danube,
bound for Belgrade.
The Servian Government has protested against
this act, as a violation of the rights of the Princi-
palities.

public is being directed at present towards Katty-
war by a series of vigorous leading articles now
appearing in the Bombay Gazette, exposing a poli-
tical state of affairs in that important province
highly discreditable to any rule, nfortiori, to the
British. On the part of the British political agent,
there seems to be an entire neglect of the real in-
terests of the province; while he is busying him-
self about the pettiest details of family affairs. He
has become, in fact, the real King, Prime Minister,
Lord Chancellor, Chief Justice, Commander-in-
Chief, and head policeman of the whole province.
If this power were exercised for the real good of the
province we should not inveigh against the posses-
sor of it, by whatever aggression and encroachment
it may have been won. But when we find, for in-
stance, that in this crisis of the cotton trade no-
thing or next to nothing is being done all over
Kattywar, one of the most extensive cotton fields in
India, for the extension of its growth—nothing in
the way of making roads through districts abound-
ing with materials for road making, so that to carry
small quantities of produce at great expense over 20
miles or so in the course of 24 hours is now really a
great work—nothing to divert and utilise the con-
tents of innumerable water courses, now about by
the bounty of heaven to be filled to overflowing,
as they annually are, with that which could so
easily be made to convert what are now vast
arid and unprofitable tracts into rich fields pro-
ducing fruits which would be both soon reaped
and long enduring—nothing, nothing like that,
while, on the other hand, we find the political
agent busying himself about the pettiest de-
tails of family affairs, carrying his interference,
we had almost said his impudence, so far as to in-
flict fines which may be levied by force on Sove-
reign Princes who take a different view of the way
in which their own affairs ought to be conducted
from that which the political agent is led to form,
it is a spectacle not pleasant to behold ; it is a state
of affairs not honourable to our Government or
country—a state of affairs which ought not to
continue.

COMMERCIAL,
BOMBAY, JUNE 11.

The English mail of the 3d ultimo, with the London
telegrams to the 10th, arrived on the 25th. Since then we
have had our usual intermediate telegraphic news via
Galle, putting us in possession of London dates to the 17th
ultimo. The mail of the 18th ultimo is hourly expected.
Money is unchanged. During the fortnight the Bank's
rates have been reduced 2 per cent. all round.
Exchange.—Rates to London have not varied during the
fortnight.
Government Securities.— Quotations for these are un-
changed since our last.

Imports.—We have to report an unusually quiet fort-
night in piece goods. The active speculative demand
which characterised our market at the date of our last
issue, was checked shortly thereafter by rumours of " in-
tervention in the affairs of America," and on the 4th inst.
telegrams via Galls reached us, reporting the capture of
New Orleans, and panic in the cotton market at Liver-
pool. This news naturally increased the previous dulness,
and since its receipt few large transactions have taken place.
Respecting prices we have made little alteration on those of
the previous fortnight; they are, however, a shade weaker,
but the firmness of holders prevents any serious decline.
Our rainy season may now be said to have fairly set in;
during the past two days we have had very heavy rain,
accompanied by much thunder and lightning, which has
had the effect of making the atmosphere much cooler.
Exports.—Cotton—ln the early part of the fortnight we
had a dull market for cotton. Up to the 4th instant 5,003
candies had been taken, chiefly of Bhownuggur, at from rs.
237 to 240 k. Several purchases of Dhollera had also effect
at from rs. 241 to 235, and of Broach at rs. 243 to 236.
Small lots of other descriptions also found purchasers. The
following is an epitome of transactions since our last :
Bhownuggur, 2,920 candies, rs. 237 to 240± ; Dhollera, 475,
candies, rs. 241 to 235 ; Broach, 425 candies, rs. 243 to 236 ;
Compta, 300 candies, rs. 2231 to 224; Akote, 450 candies,
rs. 233 to 229 ; Surat, 200 candies, rs. 237. On the 4th inst.
we received the Galls telegrams announcing the capture of
New Orleans, and a consequent panic in the cotton market
at Liverpool on this news reaching there. The effect of this
news on our market has been such as to cause an entire ces-
sation of business. No transaction whatever has transpired
during the last seven days, every one holding off pending
the arrival of the mail now due. Our quotations show a
decline of rs. 10 to 12 per candy from previous rates ; these,
however, must be considered as purely nominal. Exports
to Europe from Ist January to this date are 533,179 bales,
against 550,3601 bales during the same period of 1861.
Wool : For this staple there is an active demand, and
prices have advanced Its. 7. Stocks continue light, and we
hear of purchases since our last to the extent of 1,330 bags.
Seeas : Linseed is very scarce, and in good demand at
higher rates. Coffee : All kinds are in active request;
prices consequently are well maintained. Pepper: The
market is almost free of stocks, and we hear of no sales
since our last; prices are a shade higher. Cloves: The
stock of these is large, and prices tending downwards in
consequence. Freights : During the past fortnight the
rates have been getting weaker, and since the sth instant,
when we received telegrams advisin gthe successes of the
Federals and the consequent panic in the Liverpool cotton
market, hardly any engagements have been made. The
European houses are fully supplied with tonnage for
any small quantity of cotton they may still have to ship,
and the rains having now commenced, the native dealers
have stored the cotton unsold by them, and notwithstand-
ing the present unpromising appearance of the market de-
cline to accept lower prices. The clearance of vessels
during the fortnight have been unusually large, and very
few have arrived, but amongst them have been three vessels
in ballast. We hardly now expect that rates can rally, no
more cotton and very little seed can arrive here during the
monsoon. We quote rates as nominally at :—To Liverpool,
cotton, £1 17s. 6d. to £2 ; seeds, £1 10s. To London, cotton,
£2 ; seeds, £2.