The Sun.
London, England, 1862-04-22 00:00:00

TEE REV, PETER DALY.

The Galway correspondent of Saunders' News,
writing on Saturday, says :—" At last we have a
termination to the war between the well known
Rev. Peter Daly and Bishop M'Evilly, which has
existed for several months. A visit to Rome failed
in the result anticipated bythe supplicant—that his
line of conduct would be declared correct, and that
he would be permitted to have his own way; but
the Holy Father declined to remit the chastisement,
and cardinals chimed in with their superior, and
declared that ho (Mr. Daly) was not blameless, But
Father Daly would not submit to his bishop—he
would not agree to give up his right of disputing at
the Harbour Board, and occasionally to enter with
that warmth for which he is remarkable into a hot
debate—in other words, to engage in a ' shindy' with
some of the members—nor would he consent to va-
cate the President's seat at the Mechanics' Institute,
in which he had recently been installed with all
becoming pomp. The bishop was just as headstrong.
He would not allow the authority vested in him to
be set at naught, nor would he permit the privates
and non-commissioned officers of the army under his
command to become suddenly transformed into offi-
cers. So the matter rested—neither willing to yield.
To-day came the news that everything had been
arranged, and that Mr. Daly had fully bowed tothe
orders of the bishop. There is a sort of mystery
about the ' conditions,' however, which cannot be
fathomed. People do not talk very much about it—
his admirers do not seem to think he has come off
best. Now and then it is possible to catch from
somebody one of the conditions,' and perhaps I
shall best act by giving you all I have heard on the
subject. The reconciliation, it is said, was brought
about by some clergymen, members of the Jesuit
order. The principal grounds on which the bishop
has restored Mr. Daly are, that in future he shall
absent himself from all public boards, and that he
shall resign his office as president of the Mechanics
Hall, and that he make a public apology from the'
pulpit. As to the latter there was great difficulty, the
Rev. Mr Daly at firstflatly refusing to comply. It
would be very well if the bishop stopped there; but he
does not. Father Daly is remarkable for the libe-
rality of his views, and not less remarkable for the
liberal manner in which he dispenses his hospitality.
He is an advocate of education, and countenances
all public institutions having that object in view.
At the annual examinations at the Model School
Father Daly usually attended, and on many occa-
sions was moved to the chair. The National Board,
however, is not deemed a body to which the Roman
Catholic priesthood should lend themselves, and so
another of the conditions is that Father Daly shall
not attend the meetings at the National School in
Galway. Even this is pardonable ; but you will be
surprised to hear that the bishop has entered into
the question of the manner of his private life. As
I have already stated, the Rev. Mr. Daly is famous
for his hospitality—he gives the best dinners in
Galway 'tis said, and balls such as would be consi-
&red 'first-class in any town in Ireland ; he had
many friends whom he invited, and in town he was
rarely absent from their festive board. But it so
happens that he unfortunately knows every pro-
fessor and officer of the Queen's College, and they
always were numbered amongst his guests. The
bishop does not like the Queen's Colleges, at least
Paul Cullen does not, and that's about the same,
and so he must give up his dinners to professors,
and his balls, at which the professors and their
ladies are always present. Every sensible man
will say this is carrying the matter too far, and
that the bishop ought not to interfere with him
in his private life. Five o'clock.—The rumours
which I have mentioned above are now generally
believed in, and it is said Father Daly will
read an apology in the parish church to-morrow.
It is expected that the attendance will be im
mense. Sunday. .--As expected., the chapel of
St. Nicholas to-day, at 12 o'clock, was
crowded to excess ; about 2,000 persons were

present. Before the celebration of high mass, the
bishop being present, Father Daly appeared habited
in a soutan. There was immediately gren.t sensa-
tion in the chapel, and expressions of sympathy
were openly given. He appeared deeply moved.
He then approached the front of the altar, and read
a document which he held in his hand. It contained
certain apologies for his disobedience to the com-
mand of the bishop. He then retired, and the ser-
vice was proceeded with. All the conditions' I
have stated above are quite correct, with this ex-
ception, that he may have au occasional dinner ;
balls, however, are prohibited. He is to go into
' retreat' for one week, and at the expiration of that
time he will be fully restored to his ministerial
offices. It is generally stated the Rev. Sir Michael
Bellew, principal of the Jesuit College of St. Igna-
tius, in this town, is the person who effected the
reconciliation."

FEMALE EMIGRAT/O.N.

(From the Economist.)

Ono of the chief difficulties in the way of rectifying many
of our social mischiefs and anomalies arises from the want
of pliability and flexibility—the deficient faculty of accom-
modation to new circumstances—which belongs to a low
state of intelligence and education. There is a way of set-
ting rightly nearly everything that is wrong; but it is
often hard to persuade uncultivated people that it is the
proper way, and harder still to induce them to overcome
the ignorant timidity, the still inertia, and the mental in•.
capacity, which stand in the way of its adoption. Many
years ago there was great distress in Buckinghamshire
owing to the superabundance of labour. At the same time
there was considerable embarrassment in Lancashire owing
to the deficiency of labour. Workpeople were a positive
burden to the one county, and a positive want in the other.
The wages of a family were 10s. a week near Aylesbury ;
they were 30s. a week near Manchester. The parish autho-
rities in the south and the manufacturers in the north were
about equally willing to pay the expenses of removal for
some hundreds of actual or prospective paupers. Yet
nothing was found more difficult in practice than to nego-
ciato and effect the transfer. The labourers were
boorish and untrained. They did not know how to realise
the new life proposed to them, nor how to adapt thems elves
to it when they had entered on it. They dreaded a journey
of 203 miles as if it were an exile to the antipodes. They
shrank from the idea of a new occupation, new neighbours,
an unknown climate, and unknown; surroundings. They
went, indeed, but they went after much persuasion and in
small numbers ; and many of them returned after a short
sojourn, from simple inability to a ccommodate themselves to
work and food and a way of life to which they had never
been accustomed. Something of the same incapacity and in-
ertia is operating now to prevent that equalisation of wages
and population in several districts which would be a com-
mon gain to all. In spite of national schools, in spite of
cheap newspapers, in spite of penetrating railways, in spite of
spreading habits of locomotion, the wages of a Dorsetshire
labourer are still 9s. a week, while those of a Yorkshire or
Lancashire artisan are 15s. and 20s. ; yet labourers do not
flow from one place to the other as they should do ; and in
busy and prosperous times manufacturers entertain more
sanguine hopes of being able to arrest the stream of Ger-
man emigration as it crosses the country to America, than
of attracting their own ill-paid and redundant fellow-citi-
zens to a distance of 12 hours from their old homes.

The question of female emigration and female redundancy,
which is now beginning to awaken some portion of the atten-
tion it deserves, is another case in point. We hear a great
deal of the want of wives and female servants in the colonies.
We hear a great deal more of the superabundant number of
women in this country who can neither find occupation, nor
maintenance, nor husbands. Year after year the most ear-
nest and passionate appeals are made on behalf, first of one
class of destitute females, and then of another and a third.
The sole and obvious cause of their destitution is, that there
are too many of them--that there are more women than men
—more female labourers than female work. Yet few draw
even theoretically the cogent inference that women should
go from the lands where they are too numerous to the lands
where they are too scanty; and fewer still dream of practi-
cally carrying out that inference in action. Nine out of ten
women do not know whence their distress arises, and nine
out of ten of those who do or might, have no notion of how
to set about the natural and obvious remedy. It is for the
colonial public who do want these women, and the British
public who do not, to lay their heads and their purses togo-
ther—to organise a manageable plan and provide the neces-
sary funds.
The statistics of the matter are, in round numbers, as fol-
low :—The census returns of 1861 have not yet been ana-
lysed or published ; but from those of 1851 we may deduce
the following figures, which will be found substantially ac-
curate. In all countries where are the natural proportion of
sexes has not been disturbed by special circumstances, there
are more women than men, especially of adult women. This
excess is in Great Britain sor 6 per cent. We have now in
these islands 500,000 more grown women (i. e., over the age
of 20) than grown men. But this is not all, nor the worst.
As a rule, one-third of our women never marry at all. Of
adult women now living in Great Britain, says the registrar
general, 57 per cent, are wives, 13 per cent. are widows, and
30 per cent. are spinsters. In a word there are now ono
milliOn and a half adult unmarried women in the kingdom.
Of these, about 650,000 are domestic servants, to whom
celibacy, so long as they continue in service, appears a na-
tural and necessary condition. This leaves 850,000 appa-
rently redundant—of whom 150,000 is about the proportion
that would naturally and in a healthy state of society prefer
single life, and be required for and absorbed in the various
avocations for single women consequent on our complicated
civilisation. There aro therefore 700,000 women in the
prime of life for whom there would seem to be no place in
this crowded country.
But is there no place for them elsewhere? Let us look
across the ocean. In those countries which have been peo-
pled partially or completely from those islands—the United
States, Canada, and Australia—we find the proportion of
the sexes precisely reversed. This is the inevitable conse-
quence of tha enormous emigration which has been flowing
hence and thither since the beginning of the century. In the
last 45 years 5,000,000 of emigrants have left our shores
for good; and of these we may be pretty sure more than
3,000,000 have been of the male sex. Accordingly we find
by the latest and most accurate returns that aro extant a
total excess of males in the United States of 400,000, in our
North American provinces of 68,000, and in our Australian
colonies (including New Zealand) of 214,000. Assuming
the usual proportion of women over 20 years of age to the
entire female population to prevail there, we arrive (by a
calculation which we need not give in detail) at the follow-
ing summary :

Deficiency of adult women in United States 250,000
If Canadian Colonies 45,000
ff Australian Colonies 145,000
71

440,000

Now, we need not waste time in explaining how great
a benefit it would be both to the new countries and to the
old one, if the half million of women who are so sorely
wanted there were supplied out of our embarrassing re-
dundance. The only practical question that exists for
consideration is how it can be managed. That there are
hundreds of thousands of women who would be willing and
anxious to go, there is no doubt whatever. But they do
not know how to see about it. They have no funds to pay
their passage; they have no protectors to take them out,
and take charge of them on the passage ; and they have no
home ready to shelter them when they arrive. The first de-
sideratum and the last can be easily supplied, and we have
no doubt will be supplied as soon as the subject excites the
proper degree of attention. The colonies would be ready
enough to allow large sums for the purpose, if they could
feel sure of having the right sort of female emigrants sent
out. All who go out are engaged as soon as they land,
either as wives, dairymaids, as servants, or as governesses.
Nor would there bo any difficulty or backwardness in pro -
viding homes for receiving them on their arrival, similar to
those which Mrs. Chisholm set on foot some years since ;
for it is evident that without this arrangement decent
women will never trust themselves to the chance fate of
arriving without any respectable place to go in a new and
strange country. Protection and guardianship on the voy-
age out is the real perplexity. Without such protection it
is clear that but few would go ; yet the difficulty of provid-
ing such protection for the vast numbers who are wanted
is unquestionably very groat. Mrs. Chisholm's plan was
perhaps the best, but v% e want it organised on a great
scale. She persuaded every emigrant family that went
to Australia to take charge of a certain number of
young women on the voyage, and grouped the restnto
into
extempore families under some competent chaperon. Ive
are fully alive to the difficulties of detail in a scheme, .
but we are equally certain that, as soon as the e such
importance of
different direction. The
the object is realised, allt arises in a these difficulties will be overcome.
Another embarrassraen
women most wanted in the colonies are those from the
agricultural classes. The women most redundant here are
from the middle and upper classes, and from those accus-
tomed to a town life. But this embarrassment will diminish
enormously, if not vanish altogether, as soon as it is looked
boldly in the face. For, as wo hinted at the outset, the
power of adopting themselves to new circumstances, of
meeting and managing the difficulties of an unaccustomed
life, is one which women as well as men will bo found to pos-
sess in exact proporticn to their natural intelligence and their
acquired culture. The more educated a woman is, provided
her
thehealthher
notions
more
pliable
esensible, the more re-
sources liable she will prove, the
sh e beigliood have ;
and
better colonist will she become. Those who would wish to
emigrate, too, would be those who have had to struggle with
hardship and poverty at home, who have been well trained
in habits of exertion and self-denial, and who, in going,
would know well what was before them. They would, we
are persuaded, after a year or two be found more available
and more successful than mere uneducated dairymaids, or
than that large class of labourers' daughters from Dorset-
shire or Bucks to whom poverty has taught nothing but
dull endurance, who
can endure bad food and bad lodging
without murmuring because accustomed to nothing bet-
ter ; but who, for the very same reason, would neither
know how nor desire vehemently to amend either the ono
or the other.

BANK 12BTURNS.

-_.-,10--- -

The Bankers' Magazine furnishes the returns of the cir-
culation of the Private and Joint-Stock Banks in England
and Wales for the four weeks ending March 8. These
returns, combined with the circulation of the Scotch and
Irish Banks for the same period, and the average circula-
tion of the Bank of England for the four weeks ending the
i'ith March (the nearest date furnished by their returns), t
will give the following results of the circulation of notes in
the United Kingdom, when compared with the previous
month :

Feb. Mar . 8,
1b62. 1862. f Inerease'Decrease.

Bank of Eng•Jand 20,713,7781 20,308,185 - 405,593
Private Banks 3,299,044; 3,185.411 113,635
Joint-stock Banks 2,902,3801 2,850,958 j _ 51,422
1---__ ~---
Total in England. 26,915,202! 26,344,554 _ 570,643
Scotland 4,053,315 3,869,306 184,009
Ireland 6,081,721 5,901,830 179,871
---
United Kingdom. 37,050,238, 36,115,710 j , 934,528

United Kingdom

37,050,238

36,115,710 j

And, as compared with the month ending the oth March,
1861, the above returns show an increase of £766,285
in the circulation of notes in England, and a decrease of
£81,605 in the circulation of the United Kingdom :
On comparing the above with the fixed issues of the seve-
ral banks the following is the state of the circulation :
The English private banks are below their fixed
issue
The English joint-stock banks are below their
fixed issue £151,399

Total below fixed issue in England.... £1,613,890
The Scotch banks are above their fixed issue .. £1,120,035
The Irish banks are below their fixed issue .... £452,654
The average stock of bullion held by the Bank of Eng-
land in both departments during the month ending the sth
March was £15,840,079, being a decrease of £379,880 as
compared with the previous month, and an increase of
£3,900,800 when compared with the same period last year.
The following are the amounts of specie held by the Scotch
and Irish banks during the month ending the Bth March :--
Gold and silver held by the Scotch banks £2,608,890
Gold and silver held by the Irish banks 2,292,061

£4,900,951
Being a decrease of £110,278, as compared with the
previous return, and a decrease of £258,320 when compared
with the corresponding period of last year.

COUNTRY MARK.E. .7 S.

. V-- --------

COLCHESTER-APRIL 10.

A moderate supply of wheat to-day, and prices fully
maintained former rates. Malting barley still in demand
at very full prices. Beans and peas were scarce, and ra-
ther dearer.
Wheat, white. 54s 66s Beans,Mazagan..3ss 36s
red 46s 62s middle & small.37s 40s
Barley
Oats

CHELMSFORD-ArRIL 19.

To-day the demand was rather brisk, with an advance
of is per qr. Spring corn was at late rates, with a very
slow trade.
Wheat, old white
new
old red....
new

.26s 58s
.45s 65s
25s 50s

Pcas, Partridge- , 37s dls
White 39s 42s
Boiling 4ls 44s
Dun 36s 40s
Ditto new .. —s .-8
Beans, Tick, old 33s 38s
new 33s 383
Harrow Ticks 378 433
new 35s 403
Mazagan 3os 403

50s 61s
Barley 30s 39s
Chevalier 3os 42s
Grinding 24s 32s
Malt. 6ls 67s
Chevalier . 64s 69s
Oats 23s 30s

GLOUCESTER—ArniL 19.

A small supply of English wheat from the fermers,
which met a free sale at prices is per qr advance. Foreign
(except for American, which was at 6d more money), dull.
Oats, barley, and beans as before.