The Sun.
London, England, 1865-05-24 00:00:00

MANCHESTER.

Mr. J. A. .Turner, one of the members for Manchester,
has announced his intention to retire on the dissolution of
the present Parliament. His retirement has been confi-
dently spoken of as likely for several years past, and has
been several times announced in the papers, and therefore
has not created sirprise.

ALLEGED ATROCIOUS CONDUCT OF A SHIP'S OFFI-
CER. —A case of alleged cruelty came under the
observation of Mr. Booth, one of the borough magistrates,
on Friday, in which at least one responsible officer in the
mercantile service appears to be involved. A certificate
having been given by Mr. Rowe that a boy named Thomas
L. M'Kenzie, 15 years of age, residing at 82, Prescott-
street, was in a position which rendered his death immi-
nent, Mr. Booth was called upon to take the boy's deposi-
tion, which was to the following effect :—On May 28, 1864;
he sailed as an apprentice in the ship Halton Castle, of
which W. E. D. Martin was chief mate, bound from Liver-
pool to Valparaiso, one or two other ports, Callao, andbaek.
On the voyage out Martin struck him frequently on the
head, and pulled his ears till they bled ; and on the voyage
home he ill used him to a much greater extent. In April,
sahnipo,Vearndthe lad
havingb6engiven during the night to " about
being longer in getting his clothes on
than the men were, Martin flung him out of his berth on
the deck,and kicked him on the side, beneath the right rib,
as he lay there. A few days later, finding the boy trim-
ming the lamps below, Martin struck him on the head and
ears,' the latter being sore from previous ill treatment.
Soon after this, being kept without his food, the boy fainted
at the wheel, and the next:morning he could not leave his
bed. On the 2d inst. Martin struck him several times on
the head and about the ribs, so that the lad could scarcely
breathe ; and when complaint was made to the captain,
Martin again licked the lad. Several times during the
voyage he threatened to kill him, and once or twice ho said
he did not care if he were fined £5O or £6O for hurting
him, but he was afraid of the disgrace. For some days
before the ship reached Liverpool the lad was too ill to get
up, and when he arrived here had to be taken to the hos-
pital. Martin has been taken into custody, and remanded,
to await the result of the lad's injuries.—Liverpool Albion.

- In little more than two months, if all goes well,
England and America will once mere be in electric
communication. The new Atlantic cable will be
finished and on board the Great Eastern by the
latter end of June, and during the first days of the
succeeding month the ship will leave Valencia.
Many persons may be inclined to doubt whether
the condition we have named will be fulfilled—
whether all will go well. The bad fortune of the
first cable will be feared for the second, and the
simple piety of some good people may even be
shocked at the persistent attempts of man to'
join those continents which Providence hath
put asunder; but we think that few gloomy fore-
bodings could resist the influence of a visit to the
scene of preparation 'at Sheerness. The difficulties
in the way of laying a cable across the Atlantic are
only appalling to those unacquainted with the means
by which the engineers and electricians on board
the big ship intend to overcome them. Unlike
some enterprises which seem easy to the ignorant
and impossible to the learned the present undertak-
ing is only impossible to the uninitiated, while to
men of science and experience it promises an assured
triumph.

A visit was paid to the Great Eastern a few days
since by a large party of the directors' friends,
and it may be said that all who understood the
preparations which they saw came away with a
greatly strengthened confidence in the future of the
new cable. Since 1858, when the first Atlantic
line was laid, the advance that has been made by
the scientific world towards comprehending elec-
trical phenomena is very great. It has been said,
by a man well qualfied to speak on the subject, that
electric science has passed since that time from its
childhood to its maturity. So far as the phenomena
connected with long electric circuits were con-
cerned we had in 1858 no knowledge. The instru-
ments in common use were unsuited to receiving
signals through a great length of cable ; the neces-
sity of providing for the conductor an insulation
so perfect as to approach an absolute condition.
was inadequately appreciated. The best pre-
liminary test for a long cable had not
been devised, and the old 14,:tlantic tele-
graph was laid without having been subjected to any
searching test on shore. Everybody had advice to
give concerning the management of the wires, but
no one recommended the precautions which subse-
quent experience has shown to be necessary. When
the signals began to fail the battery power was ar,g-
mented, and electro-magnetic induction coils, vihich
rapidly helped on the destruction of the conductor,
were put in circuit. No one thought of ". nursing"
the cable—of humouring its feeble attP.,mpts at arti-
culate utterance, and of finding o;ett what it said
rather bylistening acutely than b:yr constantly calling
on it, in the language of f:ne Victoria gallery, to
" Speak up." The old cable, however, is dead
and gone ; part d it has been picked up and ap-
plied to ignoble 'uses, as a racehorse past his work
may be put i.n7'co the shafts of a Hansom; part
of it has bereD, abandoned, and lies where it may rest
till the er,d of time, in the " dark unfathomed caves"
of the f:ter.3p sea. Let us turn to the practical present.
T 11.6 great Eastern looks just now more like an
eng3.nieer's workship than a seagoing ship. The vast
ex:22.nses of her deck are covered with wooden sheds
anal piles of timber. There are smiths' forges be-

Is Low, and between the decks you might fancy your-
_ .

self in a machinist's factory. The great engines of
the ship, it is true, have lost the bright look of ma-
chinery which is in constant use ; and the huge dull
masses of iron seem asleep, or in a trance. If you
descend the ladders which lead to the boilers and fur-
naces—an expedition which is more like going down a
mine than any other to which it can be compared—you
find yourself in the midst of darkness, solitude, and
cold, but in those regions of the vessel -where the
cable is being shipped and watched there is every
sign of keen, vigilant intelligence. When you
understand what is being done, you see something
more than this—that scientific foresight of the
highest order directs every step ; and that the thick
tarry rope, coarse and rough to appearance, which
lies coiled away under water iu the tanks of the ship
is manufactured scanned, and tested with as much
care as the nicest optical instrument in an astro-
nomer's observatory, or the most delicate apparatus
of fragile glass ever applid to the careful experiments
of chemistry. It seems impossible that there can be any
fault in the Atlantic cable when the Great Eastern
goes to sea. To say nothing of the tests ap-
plied to it at the manufactory, it is tested not
alone after it has been taken on board, but during
its delivery into the ship. As soon as a length is
brought alongside, one end is connected with the
coils already on board, and the other end with the
instruments in the testing room. The circuit is thus
made through the whole extent of the coil, the por-
tion onboard and the portion alongside. The process
of hauling in then commences, and the insulation is
continuously observed. The instruments in the test-
ing room record the smallest deviation from abso-
lutely perfect insulation. It will be understood that
an insulation which shall be quite perfect, as an
electrician understands the word, is not attainable.
A piece of metal separated by means of the purest
glass, and enclosed inalhe driest atmosphere that can
be obtained, will, if charged with electricity, lose
that electricity after a time. In speaking of insula-
tion we must therefore be understood to mean an
approximate condition; but the approximation in the
case of the new Atlantic cable comes so near perfec-
tion that this rough tarry rope is a scientific won-
der. The last dying pulsation of the old Atlantic
cable was forced through it by means of a gale anic
battery consisting of two hundred and forty cells.
The submarine telegraph from London to Amster-
dam is habitually worked with a battery of fifty
cells, and such a battery is commonly used for the
other submarine lines of Europe. Signals have been
repeatedly sent through more than thirteen hundred
miles of the cable now on board the Great Eastern
by means of one cell. Galvanic currents so feeble
that they could not have been felt by the hand,
and might have been passed harmlessly through
a circuit completed by the operator's tongue, can
be used to convey messages along a length of
cable that would very nearly stretch from London
to St. Petersburg. Over needle instruments,
such as those in ordinary use for land tele-
graphy, a current from one cell would be powerless.
To record such faint pulsations of electricity it is
necessary to use Professor Thompson's mirror gal-
vanometer. This beautiful instrument consists of a
mirror about the size of a fourpenny piece, made of
microscope glass, and so thin that it weighs only a
grkin. On the back of this mirror a minute magnet is
fixed, and thus supplemented it is suspended by a
silken fibre in the heart of a coil of wire, so that any
in thmirrog r r
alugohngthew;cothilitd. eflAectsraythoef mliaggh-t
ncuretrandeu
reflectedt passt
bh ye the mirror falls on a scale, distant about
18 or 20 inches, and reveals its faintest movements.
Different combinations of these movements repre-
sent the different letters of the alphabet, and thus
the apparently erratic wanderings of a ray
of light are made to convey intelligence.
An instrument of this kind is constantly used to
test the cable as it is hauled on board ; and if
any fault had existed it could not have passedwith-
out detection. Up to this time, when there are on
board the ship and alongside 1,970 miles of cable, no
fault has been discovered.
The machinery for paying out is not yet on board,
but is being put together at the Greenwich
works. The process of immersion will take
about a fortnight. The beginning of the shore end
will be laid by a small vessel, which will meet the
Great Eastern about 20 miles from the Irish coast.
The cable will then be passed on board, connected
with that in the great tanks, and the big ship
will begin her voyage. To the uninitiated this
process of cutting and joining the cables ap-
pears very mysterious, but the engineers who
are used to the work face it without any hesitation.
The joints do not really endanger either the insula-
tion or the strength of the cable, as wherever
they are made the external and conducting wires
are spliced along a considerable length—some-
times not less than thirty yards—and the
gutta percha carefully put on in separate layers,
firmly pressed together by means of warm irons.
The completeness of the joint is tested by laying it
in an insulated metallic vessel containing water, and
ascertaining, by means of tests applied to this
vessel, whether any electricity escapes from the
joint as a current is passed along the cable.

that tax, the price of rags throughout the British
dominions was raised to the price of foreign rags.
Many persons, observed Mr. MAGUIRE, had paid
little heed to the apprehensions of the papermakers
in 1860, believing their alarm to be groundless ;
but the experience of four years had shown that
their gloomy prognostications had been below
rather than above the mark. In 1861 a committee
of inquiry was appointed, which decided that the
position of the papermakers was deplorable,
and that unless the Government took up
their cause and persuaded foreign Governments
to abolish the tax on rags the consequences
would be serious. Nothing whatever has, how-
ever, been done for their relief, and Mr. GIBSON
says that something might have. been accomplished
if they had kept more quiet. We all know how
much is likely to be got from a Govern-
ment without pressure, and how very con-
venient is the ready answer, " There has
been no agitation on the subject; the grievances
spoken of cannot, therefore, be very great." In
answer to the official declaration that the paper
trade was flourishing, Mr. MAGUIRE explained that
it was useless for the exports and imports to in-
crease if the manufacturer made no profit. He
showed that a desperate effort was being made by
the manufacturers to increase the amount of produc-
tion, and thereby comparatively to reduce the
amount of his fixed charges. Out of the £8,000,000
worth of paper made in this country, only £500,000
worth, or one-sixteenth is exported ; while, on the
other hand, in 1859, the foreigner sent us only 700
tons of paper he now sends 12,000 tons:per annum,
the value being raised from £35,000 to £600,000.
Mr. MAGUIRE observed that he did not for a
moment complain of the amount of paper imported,
but that the British manufacturer was forbidden to
meet the foreign manufacturer on equal terms. As
for the argument about paper being made from raw
fibres, Mr. MAGUIRE disposed of it by showing that
the export duty on rags had trebled the price of
exports of Spanish grass, the material chiefly
employed. " The Belgian manufacturer, protected
by his Government, could get rags from which he
could make paper to rival that manufactured from
exports from £l3 to £l4 per ton." As the hon.
member very sensibly observed, the Government
might, if it had acted with common prudence, have
given the boon it wished to bestow on the penny
press without doing any injury to British manu-
facturers. " Four newspapers, one of them a very
large one, had, according to documents in hishands,
gained to the extent of £lOO,OOO from the liberality
and care of the Chancellor of the Exchequer and
the President of the Board of Trade, To one
newspaper in London £34,000 was given
in the shape of remission of the Excise
duty ; and, adding the three-farthings which
had been taken from the pockets of the British
papermaker, amounting to £17,000, it appeared
that that paper had gained by the policy of the Go-
vernment £51,000 or £52,000 per annum, or about
£200,000 since the change was made." The tax of
three farthings in the pound, said Mr; MAGUIRE,
amounted with a manufacturer who produced only
ten tons a-week to a tax of £3,640 a-year. But
the whole case is full of similar inconsistencies.
What is given to one side with great professions of
free trade and love of justice, is taken from
the other side without show of right or
reason. It is quite time that the matter was
fully and fairly looked into, if we do not wish
to see an important trade sacrificed to official
caprice or convenience ; and, in spite of the adverse
decision of last night, we hope things will not be
allowed to rest in their present position.

du.
aitg

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 24, 1865.

A case of manifest injustice seldom passes alto-
gether unnoticed by the English public, and it
would be difficult indeed for it to do so when the
aggrieved persons form a large and influential
branch of our commercial classes. One would think
that in these days of free trade it would only be re-
quisite to show that an important trade was suffer-
ing from unjust and oppressive burdens for imme-
diate steps to be taken for its relief ; but, strange
to say, a case of manifest hardship has been suf-
fered to continue for four years without any effort
being made to ameliorate the condition of the suf-
ferers. At the time when the French Treaty
secured' many advantages to both countries,
it was felt and said that there was one
portion of it which pressed very hardly
upon the British manufacturer, and it is
only wonderful how a man of Mr. COBDEN'S com-
mercial sagacity could ever have consented to inflict
such serious injury on a trade which he always ex-
pressed himself anxious to befriend. The fact was
that he had very great difficulties to contend
against, and in his anxiety to carry his main object
he was willing to make some concessions and grant
to the foreign merchants and manufacturers some
advantages which they had no right to claim.
Considering the general success and sagacity of
his commercial schemes, it is very much
to be regretted that Mr. COBDEN should
have sanctioned such grievous injustice to our paper
makers as formed part of his famous Treaty. The
removal of the import duty on paper was fair
enough, and in full accordance with the principles
of Free Trade, which are now the recognised rules
of our financial policy, provided always that the
duty on rags exported from foreign countries had
been removed at the same time. It is absolute non-
sense to talk about fair competition and free trade
while there is a heavy tax on the raw material. It
might as well have been called free trade to have
retained the duty on imported corn and allowed
ready-made loaves to come in free of duty. The
paper makers of this country have, it is well known,
to seek part of their supply of rags elsewhere, and if a
duty of 20 per tent. has to be paid for the raw mate-
rial, how can they compete with the manufacturers
who have at home an ample supply, and then can
export the manufactured goods to this country duty
free ? The English manufacturer carries weight in
the race, and the effect of that weight is very clearly
seen in the present condition of the trade. Mr.
MAGUIRE, in his clear and able statement last even-
ing, brought forward convincing testimony of the
great injury inflicted on the trade by these arrange-
ments, and Mr. MILNER GIBSON, who, on the part
of the Government, opposed all consideration of
their grievances, was totally unable to answer them.
Letters from paper-makers in England, Scotland,
and Ireland all told the same story, and even the
. conflicting epistles so obligingly put in the hands
of the President of the Board of Trade failed to sub-
vert their evidence. It is, however, worth notice
that one of the letters read by Mr. MILNER GIBBON
was not -written by a papermaker, but by a paper
consuTiler, scarcely so good a judge of the prospects
of the trade ; while the other came from a paper
manufacturer, who made his paper entirely of raw
fibre. How Mr. GIBSON can talk of applying free
competition to all the interests of the country with
any regard to logic is somewhat perplexing. He
talks of the House reversing its policy by any
movement in favour of the papermakers, forgetting
that it is, in fact, the reversal of a protective policy
that is asked for. If our papermakers were allowed
free competition with the foreigner they would have
no grounds for complaint, but, while the free trade
is all on one side they have every reason for dis-
content. Mr. MAGUIRE said that he believed the
most beneficial results would follow from the
French Treaty, but that the interests of the British
papermaker had certainly been forgotten when it
was made. Why the abolition of the duty on
rags was not insisted on as a necessary condition of
the removal of the duty on paper is a problem
not easily solved by the English manufacturer.
The injury done to their trade was not, as Mr.
MAGUIRE showed, to be measured by the actual
amount paid for the 10,000 tons of foreign rags
imported, but by the fact that, in consequence of

Lord CHELMSFORD last night addressed the House
of Lords upon an important subject, the English
Prisoners in Abyssinia. The circumstances relat-
ing to this affair are but imperfectly understood,
and it is quite as well that the public should have
an opportunity of informing themselves by the pro-
duction of the papers relating to the affair. Well
might the noble lord say that it was a painful matter
of which he treated, and also that it seemed very
remarkable that for a long space of time, eighteen
months in fact, Englishmen had been imprisoned in
Abyssinia. Certainly, strange things go on in many
places of which little or no cognisance is taken ex-
cept by those immediately concerned, but such an
event as this is really of too much importance to
be passed by with the , silence which is so
convenient to those in authority, and so
especially advocated by them with every possible
caution. Lord CHELMSFORD has very properly put
' aside these warnings, and taken the responsibility
upon himself of broaching the affair, for we may go
on for ever in ignorance of what has transpired if
we wait for the tardy enlightenment of the Foreign
Office. It is not the way to induce foreign poten-
tates to treat our fellow-subjects with respect, if
they find that whatever they do no notice is taken
by the English public, and such an immense deal of
time is wasted in the circumlocution offices of state,
that in the end their delinquencies are condoned,
and their sins escape with impunity. This pretext
of the inconvenience of discussion, and the injudi-
ciousness of publicity, has been so often resorted
to that it is quite a refreshing change to find
a noble lord or an honourable member
who sets it at defiance and determines to let a case
rest upon its own merits. Those who study the chief
points of this affair will concur in the opinion of
Lord CHELMSFORD, that the Foreign Office has been
guilty of " extraordinary carelessness and want of
judgment," and consequently the inconveniences
and sufferings of the prisoners have been prolonged
and increased. The fact is, that there is always so
much delay in all cases where decisive action and
determined spirit are wanted that tricks are played,
or advantages taken, which some time back would
not have been tolerated. In the course of his speech
Lord CHELMSFORD entered into some details re-
specting the treatment which the prisoners had
received at the hands of the EMPEROR, and it was
certainly harsh and unfair in the extreme. No
doubt the parties concerned in the affair acted with
indiscretion, and did not sufficiently control their
feelings, but nothing can possibly extenuate the
savage treatment of the potentate who gave vent to
his violent temper, and appeared to think that he
had slaves he could trample on and kill at pleasure
instead of the free subjects of a great nation.
The EDIPEROR'S irritable state was further in-
creased by no answer being received to his letter to
tho Foreign-office, in which he requested permission
to send an ambassador to this country. It could
not have been necessary to take sixteen months to
find out what reply was a suitable one. In any case
such procrastination would have been quite out of
\ character, and consorted ill with the dignity
and decorum of this nation, but under the
peculiar circumstances referred to it was productive
of the most lamentable results. Surely, as Lord
L CHELMSFORD said, a requisite -answer might have
been framed in a month at least. When it was
t known that, justly or unjustly, the EMPEROR was
irritated, what excuse thereti
ngh
t beo onlyformethod
waiting
t such a long time before could
of appeasing the offended potentate ? To add to
the confusion worse confounded of the affair, no
pains were taken to send out the long-delayed
answer in a fitting form, and therefore the messen-
ger was not received, and is now waiting in vain

with his lm`ter. The EMPEROR has been informed LATEST INTELLIGENCE
that if the captives are liberated no reparation will
(REUTERS TELEGRAMS.)'
be required. This is an extraordinary mode
of proceeding, and quite a new style of lan-
guage for England to adopt when wrongs
and violence have been sustained by her sub-
jects. There was a period in our annals, and
there have been statesmen at our councils, when
such things would not have been tolerated. Doubt-
less Earl RUSSELL thought that if the demand of
Lord CHELMSFORD was not complied with he
could patch up the affair somehow or other. It is
just as well, if only as a warning for the future,
that all the circumstances of this ill-managed affair
should come out, and that due attention should be
paid to the modern method of diplomacy which is
in vogue at the Foreign-office. Earl RUSSELL, of
course, made some very plausible excuses ; but he
began by exposing his vexation a little too plainly,
for he said that he was puzzled to know whether it
was the noble lord's object to throw blame on the
Foreign-office or to mitigate the sufferings of the
prisoners in Abyssinia. He then proceeded to tell
Lord CHELMSFORD that it would be his fault if any
Increased inconveniences were experienced by the
prisoners, because he persisted in introducing a
distussion of the matter. The noble lord declared
it was the intention of her MAJESTY'S Government
to send out an officer of high rank to Abyssinia, in
order to procure the release of Captain CAMERON,
our Consul. This is a very satisfactory announce-
ment, but why was not this wise resolution come to
at an earlier period of the affair ? Much misery
might have been prevented thereby, and it would
have prevented an awkward precedent being esta-
blished as to the treatment of our subjects by any
foreign potentates who have real or imaginary
grounds of offence against them. The House for-
tunately divided in favour of Lord CHELMSFORD
and against the Ministers. It is very desirable that
for many reasons we should be put in possession of
the facts that are intimately connected with this
affair. It is important that our relations with
Abyssinia sheuld be maintained in a friendly spirit,
but they are not likely to be so if a hesitating and
vacillating policy be pursued. It is wise to pro-
pitiate those whose styles and customs make
them depend too much upon external show and
empty forms, and by a little dexterous manceuvring
much may be done ; but it does not appear that our
Government has taken this view of the matter at all.
On the other hand, they have suffered the subjects
of our Sovereign to sustain insults that have been
passed over, and injuries that have been treated with
indifference. A little more care and consideration
would have prevented all this in a great measure.
Had a fitting reply been sent to the EMPEROR'S
letter in an appropriate style shortly after it had
been received there would not have been the
same cause for provocation ; and, again, had more
decided representations been made, no doubt
long before this the prisoners would have
been released. At all events we shall have now
an opportunity of studying the particulars of this
affair, and of seeing in what ingenious manner it has
been so mismanaged. Nothing can be more in-
jurious than the constant habit that prevails among
members of the Government of shirking these
demands for copies of letters and papers of great
importance and interest.

PARLIAMENTARY DIVISION.

HOUSE OF COMMONS-MAY 23.
PAPER TRADE.

AUSTRIA.
PESTH, MAY 24.

The Pesther Lloyd of to-day says it may be con-
sidered certain that the Emperor of Austria will go
to Pesth early next month to be present at the

races.

EGYPT.
ALEXANDRIA, May 13.

On the 9th inst., Sir Henry Buiwer left Alexan-
dria for Constantinople by one of the Egyptian
war steamers, placed at his disposal by his Highness
Ismail Pacha. The guns of the forts and shipping
saluted the departure of the illustrious diplomatist.
Sir Henry's health has been thoroughly re-estab-
lished.

The usual reception on the occasion of the Bairam
festival took place on Friday last and was attended
by all the Consuls and elite of Alexandria and Cairo.
His Highness the Viceroy appeared in excellent
health and spirits. The Consul-General Testa, as
senior member of the consular body, pronounced an
address of congratulation, to which his Highness
most graciously and felicitously responded. On
no former occasion was there a greater assemblage
to pay honour and gratitude to the Viceroy.
The Hon. Mr. Hale, the American Consul-Gene-
ral, having requested the several Consulates to sym-
pathise in a general mourning for the death of
President Lincoln, it was arranged that for seven
days the colours of the various nationalities should
be hoisted half-mast.

Letters from Cairo state that the weather hail
been unseasonable, the cold and wind being de-
structive to the crops and the health of the people.

FRANCE,

PARIS, May 24.

The Constitutionnel of to-day publishes the fol-
lowing article, signed by M. Paulin Limayrac, a
summary of which was telegraphed yesterday :
" For some days past pessimist thinkers have
been freely expressing their opinions with regard to
the news from America. It was announced that
the agents of Juarez were publicly recruiting volun-
teers in New York and other centres of population ;
the demand addressed by the Federal Government
to the maritime powers to no longer recognise the
Confederates as belligerents likewise caused pre-
occupation ; in fact, great pains were taken to
point out difficulties probably contingent upon such
an array of circumstances.
" Now in such apprehensions there was evident
exaggeration. The steps taken pursuant to the
declaration of neutrality by the French Govern-
ment were rendered necessary by the circumstances
of the war, and ought, of course, to cease with the
war. If we are well informed, the order limiting
the stay of Federal vessels in our ports to 24 hours
has already been withdrawn by the Minister of
Marine. As to the Confederate flag, it is carried by
two or three vessels only, -which do :not now seem
likely to remain at sea much longer, and which, in
the actual state of things, cannot presumably be the
cause of any difficulty between the Federal Govern-
ment and France.

" With respect of the enrolments which are be-
ing carried on in some cities in the United States
we are not surprised that some attempts should have
been made after the late military events ; but we
doubt that they have been more successful than the
appeal of the same nature made by Ortega a month
since. According to the New York telegram
of the 11th of May, published in this morn-
ing's journals, a large portion of the press
declaim energetically against manifestations hostile
to France. President Johnson appears to have
himself taken up the matter, and has, it is stated,
signified his intention not to tolerate any manoeuvre
which might compromise the neutrality of the
United States. The Federal Government is armed
with a law prohibiting enlistments of this kind, and
their language attests from the present moment
that, in case of need, they would use the powers
which this law places in their hands. Moreover, any
practical difference would be contrary to the senti-
ments hitherto manifested by the Cabinet of Wash-
ington, as, for three years past, it has repeatedly
disavowed all intention of creating difficulties for
us in Mexico. Of this the diplomatic documents
delivered to the Chamber in the session before last
contained unequivocal proofs. A few days before
his death Mr. Lincoln caused to be transmitted to,
the French Government fresh assurances of a no
less satisfactory character, that the Washington
Government had resolved to remain completely
neutral in Mexican affairs. We must add that the
reply of President Johnson to the speech of the
English Minister, and the language of Federal
diplomacy, are rather of a nature to confirm than
than to belie these proofs of a pacific disposition
towards foreign Powers."
An Imperial decree, signed by the Empress-
Regent, makes ten promotions to the rank of
Officer in the Legion of Honour, and 31 nomina-
tions of Knight, all for service in the, Mexican ex-
peditionary army. Another decree nominates four
civilians to the dignity of Knight.
The Moniteur publishes the promulgation of a
treaty between the French and Peruvian Govern-
ments, to reduce the import duty on guano brought
to France by foreign vessels.
The Duke and Duchess de Saldanha have left
Paris for Bordeaux, where they are to embark for
Portugal.
The inauguration of the tomb of Eugene Dela-
croix, the painter, took place yesterday morning at
Pere-la-Chase. After mass had been celebrated,
addresses were delivered by M. Rivet, relative of
the deceased, by the chaplain of the cemetery, and
by M. Berryer, an old friend of the artist.
" The Paris Mint," says the Phare de la Loire,
" is at the present moment striking a medal com-
memorative of the visit of the Emperor to Algeria.
This medal will bear two legends, one in Arab cha-
racters and the other in French, and will be dis-
tributed to the principal native chiefs." _ _

Motion made and question put, " That the position in
which the British paper trade has been placed by the
abolition of the import duty on foreign paper, leaving the
foreign export duty on rags in full operation, is one of
great hardship to the British manufacturer, and calls for
prompt legislative interference, with the view of placing
the home manufacturer on terms of fair and equitable
competition with continental manufacturers." The house
divided—Ayes, 95 ; Noes, 140.

_ .
AYES —95.
Ang,erstein, W. Ferrand, W. Mundy, W.
Anstruther, Sir R. Filmer, Sir E. Noel, G. J.
Archdall, Capt.M.E. Forester, Gen. O'Donoghue, The
Bateson, Sir T. Galway, Viscount O'Neill, E.
Beamish, F. B. Gard, R. S. Parker, Major W.
Beecroft, G. S. Gore, J. R. 0. Percy, Eiirl
Benyen, It. Grogan, Sir E. Pevensey, Viscount
Beresfbrd, W. Hartopp, E. B. Ridley, Sir M. W.
Berestard, D. Harvey, IL B. Smith, Abel
Black, A. Hervey, Lord A H. Smith, Augustus
Blake, J. Hennessy, J. P. Smith, Sir F.
Booth, Sir R. G. Heygate, W. U Smith, M. T.
Boyle, G. F. Holmesdale, Lord Stronge, Sir J. M.
Brady, Dr Bornby, W. H. Sullivan. M.
Bremridge, R. Ingestre, Viscount Surtees, H. E.
Bruce, Sir H. Jones, D. Taylor, Col.
Cairns, Sir H. Kelly, Sir F. Torrens, It.
Clifton, Sint,. Kennedy, .2. Tottenham,Lt.-Col.
Cochrane, A. D. B. Kuox Col Treherne, M.
Cole, H. Knox, Major W. S. Turner, J. A.
Cole, J. L. Langton, W. G. Verner, Sir W.
Corbally, hi. E. Lanigan, J. Verner, E. W.
Dalkeith, Earl of Lawrence, J. C. Walcott, Admiral
1 Dawson, It. I'. Lee, W. WaldegTave-Leslie
Dick, F. Legh, W. J. Waldron, L.
Dickson, Col. Lever, J. 0. Walker, J. R.
Du Cane, C. Lopes, Sir M. Waterhouse, S.
Duncombe, W. E. Malcolm, J. W. Whitmore, H. •
Dunkellin, Lord Malins, It. Williams, F. M.
Edwards, Col. Manners, Lord J.
Elphinstone, Sir J. Miller, W. - TELLERS.
Farquhar, Sir M. Morgan, Major Maguire, J. F.
Farrer, J. Mowbray, J. It. Doulton, F.

NOES-140.
Acland, T. D. Foljambe, F. J. S. Morris, W.
Adam, W. P. Forster, C. Nicol, W.
Agnew, Sir A. Fortescue, C. S. I'admore, R.
Autrobus, E. Gaskell, J. M. Paget, Lord C.
Athlumney, Lord Gibson, T. M. Palmer, Sir it.
Ayrton, A. S. Gladstone, W. E. Pease, H.
Bagwell, J. Glyn, G. G. Peel, Sir It.
Baines, E. Goldsmid, Sir F. Peel, F.
Baring, T. G. GoscheniG. J. Portman, W. 11. B.
Barnes, T. Gower, F. L. Potter, E.
Baxter, W. E. Greenall, G. Potter, T. B.
Beaumont, W. B. Greene,'J. Powell, F. S.
Berkeley, C. I'. F. Greenwood, J. Pritchard, J.
Blackburn, P: Grenfell, C. Proby. Lord
Bright, J. Grey, Sir G. ltobartcs. T. J. A.
Bruce, Lord C. Grey deWilton,Lord Robertson, D.
Bruce, H. A. Haufleid, G. Robertson, 11.
Caird, J. Hankey, T. Rothschild,Baron al
Calthorpc, F. H. Hayter, Sir W. Russell, IL
Cardwell, E. Headlam, T. E. Russell, A.
Castlerosse, Vist. Ilibbert, J. T. Russell, Sir W.
Cave, S. Hodgkinson, G. Salomons,Aiderman
Childers, H. C. E. norsman, E. Scholefleid, W.
Cholmeley, Sir M. Hubbard, J. G. Seymour, A
Clay, J. Ingham, R. Shafto, R. D.
Clifford, C. C. Jervoise, Sir J. Shelley, Sir J. V.
Collier, Sir R. P. Kendall, N. Sheridan, R. B.
Collins, T. King, P. J. L. Smyth, Col.
Cowper, W. F. Kinglake, Serj. J. Staniland, M.
Craufurd, E. 11. J. Kingscote, Col. Stansfeld, J.
Crawford, R. W. Kinnaird, A. F. Steel, J.
Dalglish, R. Knatchbull-Hugess Stuart, Col. C.
Davey, it. Lawson, W. Sykes, Col. W. H.
Denman, G. Lefevre, G. J. S. Thompson, H. S.
Dent, J. D. Leighton, Sir B. Tite, W.
Doucrlas, Sir C. Liddell, H. U. Tollemache, F. J.
Duff, M. E. Lowe, it. Trollope, Sir J.
Egerton, E. C. Lyall, G. Villiers, C. P.
Enfield, Viscount Mackinnon, W.(Ly.) Vyner, RA.
Enpis, J. Mackinnon,W. A. Western, S.
Esmon de. J. 3.l`Malion, P. Whalley, G. H.
Evans, T. W. Mainwaring, T. Wood, Sir C.
Ewart, W. Marsh, M. H. Wynne, W. W. B.
Ewart, J. C. Martin, J. Wyvill, 31.
Ewing, H. E. C. Mills, J. It.
Fenwick, E. M. Mitchell, T. A. TELLERS.
Fenwick, H. Moncreiff, J. Brand, H.
Finlay, A. S. Montagu, Lord R. White, L.

" At the Exhibitions of 1851, 1855, and 1862,"
says the Constitutionnel, " many exhibitors of
machines complained, and not without reason,
of the difficulty, they experienced in procuring
the motive power necessary to work the ap-
paratus they exhibited. We believe we may
state that measures are already being taken to
prevent, in the Universal exposition of 1867
the recurrence of any such inconvenience. As it is
almost impossible to obtain good results by the
Government undertaking to supply the whole of
this motive power a new combination will probably
be adopted. It was proposed to divide the machine
gallery into 16 sections. All owners of motive
machines exhibited' will be invited to state the terms

THE FRENCH OAKS.—Magnificent weather and
the running of the French Oaks yesterday (Sunday)
attracted all the sporting community of Paris to the head-
quarters of racing in France. The course being in excellent
condition, Deliane, the disgraced Derby favourite, won the
great race of the day, and proved, as we remarked on the
occasion of the Emperor's Prize, that her defeat on that
occasion was owing to the saturated state of the ground,
which gave horses of less speed but a stouter build an
advantage. Her victory yesterday was one of the easiest
imaginable, as no other horse was within throe or four
lengths of her at the winning post. M. Aumont's Finn&
appeared for a moment as about to dispute the race, but
when called upon at the finish she showed temper and
swerved aside, as she had dono at Paris in the Prix du
Printemps. But even with that untoward incident the
result would have no doubt boon the same. Deliano was
at once reinstalled in the place of first favourite for the
French Derby which she had so long occupied, 3 to 1 being
her current price after the race. Next in importance was
the handicap, which brought out a field of 12, and produced
an excellent race, seven of the starters coming in almost
abreast at the finish. The race was won by allead only,
and five of the horses followed so closely on Fontagnes,
who came in second, that the judge could not decide which
was third, and placed only two. The winner was the top
weight, La -Reine - Borthe, half-sister to Stradella.—
Galignani.
THE TRIAL OF DR. PRITCIIARD.—WO learn that
the trial of Dr. Pritchard, on the charge of murdering his
wife and mother-in-law by means of poison, will take place
at Edinburgh, for certain, between the 15th and 20th of
June next—that is, if it does not commmence on Thursday
the 15th, it will on Monday the 19th, or Tuesday the 20th.
The Lord Justice-Clerk will judge the case and take notes
of the evidence, although two other Justiciary Judges,
who have not yet been fixed on, will also be on the bench.
The Lord Advocate will conduct the prosecution.—Giavow
Mining Journal.

upon which they would undertake to set in motion
all the apparatus exhibited in each one of the
separate sections. They will at the same time be
requested to point out the means they intended
to employ. The service of one or of several
sections will be entrusted to those who make
the best offers, both as to the efficient working of
the machines and as to the expense involved. The
means of transmission and the motor-engines them-
selves might also be considered as objects exhibited,
and might, consequently, compete for prizes. In
case of several competitors of different countries
offering the same conditions, the preference would
be given, in the French part, to Frenchmen, in the
English part t.i English, and the same for other
nations. This appears to be a happy innovation,
which, opening a wide field for competition, will
put in action the most varied interests to contri-
bute to the success and renown of the Universal
Exhibition of 1867."
The Paris Savings' Bank received, during the
fortnight ending 22d inst., deposits amounting to
748,102 fr., and reimbursed the sum of 782,755 fr.
During the same period the payments made into the
Caisse de Retraites for the Aged were 104,341 fr.
The bulletin of the Paris Observatory gives the
following as the atmospheric state of Europe yester-
day : " The considerable barometrical decline
which had taken place on Sunday morning on the
Channel produced a storm which last evening
crowd the north-west of France, At six the