The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-12 00:00:00

AMERICAN AFFAIRS.

A writer in a contemporary says :—The latest ac-
counts show that the tide of invasion begins to re-
cede. The evacuation Of Grand Junction by the
Federals indicates their intention to fall back from
Corinth,—a very necessary step if it be true that a
Confederate army was marching on Nashville.
Gen. Buell is said to be moving against Chattanoga.
It was pointed out some months ago in your columns
that this would prove a position of the first impor-
tance as the war advanced, being the true pivot of
defence in the South-West. Now that Charleston
and Savannah are free from danger they can send
forces by railway to its support, to face those of
Gen. Buell, whose operations will be full of danger
from the insurrection in his rear.
The attack on Vicksburg is finally repulsed in
spite of gunboats, mortarboats, and canal digging.
The gallant defence of that place is the more re-
markable that it was not expected to be the scene
of action, and its defences had to be extemporized
after the fall of New Orleans, when to all appear-
ance the effort was hopeless and the means were
unattainable. The successful engagement of the
Arkansas will have a powerful influence in another
direction. By this time the iron-plated vessel
built at Richmond will be nearly complete. She is
an improvement on the Merrimac, much smaller,
and drawing only 12ft., but throwing an equal
broadside weight of shot. Her name will be the
Richmond, and no Federal vessel on the James
River can be expected to engage her with success.
Before long we shall probably hear of her coming
down from Fort Darling, and that 10 or 12 bat-
teries open fire at the same time along the south
bank of the river, which entirely commands the
channel. It cannot be doubted that the effect of
this will be the instant flight of the transports. They
lost no time in retreating from Vicksburg when the
Arkansas appeared, and the blockade of the Jam
River is an easy task in comparison
the Potomac last winter. When this tvhe event that
shall
occur it is difficult to imagine what General M'Clel-
lan will do with his army.
House of Lords
rent one since the debate in the
formally requested.
It has been announced that the p ol a promi-
The question of recognition has become
made it known that it had
bean f
this
the outset, one of neutralit
try will continue as from y
This
is
what
the advocates of
icy o coun-
-of rigid neutrality.
recognition desire. For some
perfectly time
neutral
there have been 1
America two communities, two
between Them we must treat
alike; both
me should
enite
with both
armies, two Governments. To be
or neither. When two
on
disputing, to converse with one and
would
neutrality
u nottr a lity
cpoersusCa are
be
ndeecultirnaelitthyebauctqpnaaritnitaalnitcye. of th other
Thee
essence of
is justice, and Justice, though often painted blind,
is never pictured with one eye open and the other
closed. At present we see Mr. Adams, but we can-
not see Mr. Mason. This may be a policy of inac-
tion, but it cannot be termed one of perfect neu-
trality and even dealing with the Governments they
represent.
An objection has been raised to recognition, which

is entitled to the utmost consideration. It takes
the form of this answer to the South :—" We are
not prepared to dispute the justice of your claim,
but to grant it would really injure you_ Instead of
ending the sufferings of your people it would stimu-
late the efforts of your adversaries and prolong the
war." Nothing can he more reasonable than this
view, and it is unquestionably sound if applied to
recognition on the part of England alone, while
other Powers hold back. Such a step would he pre-
judicial to all parties, and in the North it would
have the effect of a personal affront. But this is a
measure which no one recommends; that which is
advocated is not English, but European recognition.
This would be void of the sting of personality. A
man may be incensed at the action of another man
when the same action on the part of a multitude
will not create a feeling of irritation, but one of
awe. There would be a sense of humiliation in
any deference to the action of one Power, which I
could not be aroused by the concurrent action of
several Powers.
What, then, would be the effect in the North of
the only kind of recognition which is recommended
—that of two or more leading Powers ? On this
point no evidence can be better than that of Ameri-
cans themselves. Why is it dreaded in the North
if it would supply them with the stimulus they need
so much ? Why is it deprecated by the advocates
of the North if it would do their cause invaluable
service ? So also with the Southerner, who should
be able to judge more correctly than ourselves.
How comes it that he desires it if dangerous to his
own interests ? Here we have the evidenca of those
best informed upon the subject, and between whom
there is no collusion. When testimony from oppo-
site sides and hostile witnesses agrees it is regarded
in every court of justice as very conclusive evidence. 1
If we examine the subject in detail it will be diffi-
cult to discern how political capital could be made
out of so solemn and adverse a fact. It would be
the aim of a recruiting sergeant to conceal rather
than parade it. If an Irishman will not enlist for
his love of fighting and a bounty of £4O, his objec-
tion to lodging in a swamp or returning short of an
arm is stronger than any rhetoric will overcome.
Words will only be wasted where money fails. But,
in reality, the continuance of the war will not rest
with orators or New York newspapers, but with
Mr. Lincoln and those who advise him. When-
ever the day arrives for peace it will be decided at
Washington, as in the case of the Trent, and the
country will acquiesce at once. Hence, the real ques-
tion is What effect will be produced on those at the
head of affairs, on men above the reach of declama-
tion, and well aware of the difficulties and dangers
that surround them. Every such man knows that
European recognition ends the contest, unless it be
continued, without an object, or a hope. There have
been many similar cases in the New World, and in
all of them recognition has sealed the result. It is
' dated—others who had an office and lost it. In
order to get rid gradually of the wholesale system
of corruption which was fostered by the old Govern-
ment, Northern employes had to be brought down,
especially for the higher posts, and they are natu-
rally looked upon as intruders who take away their
bread from others.
There is nothing in all this but what was to be
expected after so sudden a transition from one to
another Government, and from what remained of
the evil effects of the former system; yet all these
are facts which make the position of the Govern-
ment in face of the agitation extremely difficult.
They may reckon on ninety-nine out of a hundred
against the reaction; against a movement headed by
Garibaldi the proportion would be very different.
How deed the feeling for their liberator still is
appears in the most trivial circumstances—for in-
stance, the effect produced whenever the Garibaldi
\larch is played. Every itinerant band thinks It
its duty to begin and end with it, and is sure to
earn applause, however bad the performance be.

There is another feature which complicates mat-
ters, and this is that the masses are convinced that
the apparent dissension between the King and Gari-
baldi is merely the revival of the old game of 1860,
and this suspicion is strongly spreau lu L..,

too. For instance, the regiments of the Reggio
Brigade which left Turin for Sicily openly expressed
this belief. There are 2,000 Garibaldian officers
distributed in the army, who will never be per-
suaded that their duty could call them to act against
their old captain. Finally, the youth of the last
two conscriptions have their share of the spirit
which impels so many young men to enlist for
another campaign without even troubling them-
selves with the inquiry where they are to go; such
is the blind faith which they put in Garibaldi.
The movement, which is as yet in its infancy at
Naples, carries away everything and everybody in
Sicily. Even Messina, which has less of the African
blood, is in a fever of expectation at the arrival of
Garibaldi, and shows a spirit which it would be diffi-
cult to check by force. Yesterday the proclama-
tion of the King was torn down wherever it was
posted up, and this morning the Carabinieri had to
watch to prevent the thing from being repeated. It
is not a question of a Garibaldian party, for every
one you speak to is of the same opinion. It is the
old worship which has revived, perhaps, more fer-
vently than ever. If the Northern army assisted
in reducing Capua and Gaeta, all that was done in
Sicily was to all intents and purposes Garibaldi's
own work. The strange thing is, that with all the
interest which the subject excites, nothing is known
either to Government or private individuals of
Garibaldi's movements. All that is known is that
he left Palermo on Thursday, and that he is on his
way to this place by the sea coast. Several articles
directed to persons in his suite have already arrived,
but when he is to come is not known. From
here he is to go to Catania, and thence to continue
his round in the island. But these are all on (ids,
for he is essentially the man of impulse, who de-
cides on his movements according to the inspira-
tion of the moment. Never was there agrear
necessity for both sides to be rii;htlys g
idnsner of the
pire d
One
step in a false direction, and there
work hitherto so successful being checked,a or even
undone. There can be little doubt that
th e circum-
stances connected with the Sarnico affair were such
as to destroy the confidence of G. aribaldi in the
alone, it is. my firm belief,
Government. The Ring
can once more heal the breach, but it must be done
soon. There are, as usual, influences on both sides
which endeavour to widen the breach, but they
would sink into the background.
The following is a telegraphic despatch of the
President of the Council of Ministers to all the
Prefects and Sub-prefects of the kingdom
" Turin, Aug. 3,
1862
speediest and greatest publicity is to .
" The be
given to the following proclamation of the King.

" A. RATAZZlltalians,—ln a moment when
Europe
do. es
homage to the good sense of the nation, n
s its rights, it is painful to me to seea deludeand inexperienced young men forgetting their
duties and the gratitude we owe to our best allies,
and making the name of Rome a watchword of
war—that name towards which all our common
wishes and efforts are directed.
" Faithful to the statute on which I have taken
my oath, I raised up high the standard of Italy,
which has been consecrated with the blood and made
glorious by the valour of my people.
" Whoever violates the law does not follow this
standard, and compromises the liberty and safety
of the common country by making himself judge
of its destinies.
" < Italians ! beware of guilty impatience and in-
cautious agitation. When the hour to finish the
great work shall have come, the voice of your King
will be heard among you. A call which does not
come from him is a call to rebellion and to civil
wiwarll
The responsibility and the rigour of the law
fall upon those who will not listen to my
words.
'Proclaimed King by the nation, I know my
duties. I shall know how to preserve intact the

The Federal screw war steamer Tuscarora, Capt.
Augustus Craven, arrived in _Kingstown harbour
on Saturday, at 1.30 p.m. ~zhe took up a position
somewhat near the mouth of the harbour, the place
usually occupied by war vessels, ..ktri hoisted the
American ensign, the Stars and Stripes, at her
mizen-peak. At two o'clock the eaptatris gig was
sent ashore for the American Consul, Mr. H. B.
Hammond, who went off to the ship; end rem fined
on board her during the afternoon. The Tusca-
x"a is I.3oottons burden, barque rigged. He .r
exterior is plliu and unpretending, The roaos
and rigging appear in good proportion with the-
hull, which is sometimes not the case with large
steamers. The hull has a slight sheer, as it is termed
nautically, the bow and stern being somewh'athigher
than the midships. She is one of forty war vessels,
ranging up to 1,500 tons burden, that were built by
the Federal Government in six months ; and in 90
days after her keel was laid her captain took the
command of her. Her dimensions are--1 ength 130
feet, beam 33 feet, and draught of water 13 feet. She
carries coal for 20 days. The engines are 250-horse
power, and can work up to 400. They fit compnetly
in the engine-room, are almost entirely below the
water-line, and are also sheltered by tote coal- bunk-E'rs
on each side. As seen from alongside,and when viewer,
on board, the Tuscarora seems a solidly built and
well appointed vessel. Her deck is flush with the
exception of a small forecastl,, on which a sentry
mounts guard. Her armarumt is altogether on the
upper deck, and consists of eight guns. Of these
six are heavy 32-pounders, and are run out three
on each side from the after bulwarks. The remain-
ing two are the principle feature of the ship. They
are Dahlgren guns, placed on pivots, and throw
shells of 1351 b weight. The bu!warks alongside
each of these guns strip off, so as to
Admit of their
being worked. The after-part of the
lower deck,
exclusive of the engine-room, is devoted to the offi-
cers' cabins. The captain's cabin is on (let*
at the
stern. The forepart of the lower deck contol
a the
quarters of the crew, the hospital, the cook-house,. B:e°
The space between the decks is not very high. 17''le
armoury is on deck, alongside the captain's cabi,ll
and contains cutlasses, rifled muskets, Minie breech-
loading rifles, and a supply of revolvers ; the latter
being kept loaded. The crew are about 200 in num-
ber, of whom a very considerable proportion are
Irish and Irish-American, and there are also a few
English and Dutch, During Saturday afternoon
the public were freely admitted on board, and were
received by all with the utmost courtesy. The veN-
sel will remain four or five days for the purpose of
doing some repairs. The Tuscarora is stated to be
in these waters for the purpose of watching, and if
possible capturing, a large steamer lately built by
Messrs. Laird and Co., and supposed to be intended
for the service of the Confederate States. This
vessel, called " No. 290," sailed from the Mersey
within the last few days, and the Tusearaa,
then
in Southampton, weighed, and gave chase co her,
but the object of pursuit escaped thronOla
the north channel. Another steamer, whiell
sailed on the same day from Plymorch, called the'
Merrimac, and supposed to have guns and cargo
intended for Confederate use on board, was also an
object of pursuit by the Tuscarora. The latter vessel
was in Holyhead and Queenstown previous to her
arrival here, and she was warned to leave both ports
within 24 hours. She will not be allowed to coal
here without special permission. The public will
be admitted on board the Tuscarora this day.
Saunders's News Letter.