The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-21 00:00:00

WORTHINGTON V. SUDLOW-JIIDGMENT.

Mr. Justice Mellor delivered the judgment of the court
in this case. It was for a mandamus calling upon the local
board of health of Moss-side to make a rate for the pay-
ment of a certain sum of money, due under a contract for
work and labour done. The plaintiff had obtained a judg-
ment against the board for the sum of upwards of £3,000,
and the question was whether the delay of more than six
months before commencing the action was a bar to the
mandamus. The court said there was great difficulty in
the case, and it was the first that they had been called upon
to decide on this point. After referring to the facts of the
case, and the law as bearing on that point, the court held
that a rate might be made in aid of the judgment six months
after the judgment, though the action had been brought
more than six months after the execution of the contract,
if it could be shown there had been no undue delay in
bringing the action on the part of plaintiff. The delay had
been fully explained and justified in this case, and therefore
the judgment of court would be for the plaintiff.
Judgment accordingly.
THE QUEEN V. HALL AND LAFOUCADE.

In the case, which arises out of the now notorious case
of 1‘ Bouillon v. Valentin," Mr. Coleridge, Q.C., moved for
a rule absolute, in the first instance, to move into this
court the trial here of any indictment or indictments
that might be found at the Central Criminal Court
against Mr. Hall, the solicitor in this case, and Lafoucade,
who is now undergoinehis sentence for perjury. Mr.
Hall had been committed on bail for forgery and con-
spiracy, and this being the first day of the Old Bailey
session, it was necessary to make the application in order
to prevent the trial taking place at the Old Bailey. Mr.
Coleridge read extracts from Mr. Hall's affidavits, explain-
ing and exonerating his conduct in reference to the various
transactions ; after which
Mr. Justice Mellor said the learned counsel was entitled
to a rule.

The Lord Chief Justice, who is still suffering from a
severe cold, came into court about middle day, and took his
seat on the bench.

THE QUEER V. CHARLOTTE wmon.
Mr. Folkard, about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, moved for
a rule for a habeas corpus, to be directed to the keeper of
the county gaol at Exeter, to bring up the body of Char-
lotte Winsor, at present under sentence of death for the
murder of the illegitimate child, at Torquay, of a woman
named Harris. The convict was respited until the 27th
instant in order that the point taken at the second trial
might be argued in this court on a writ of error. He moved
for the habeas in order that she might assign errors on the
record. The affidavits were in the usual form, and he
asked their lordships to name a day for hearing the argu-
ments.

Mr. Justice Mellor—Have you seen any one on the part
of the crown relative to the day ?
Mr.-Folkard—No. According to the rules of this court
it will be almost impossible that the arguments on the
errors can take place this term.
The Lord Chief Justice—That is what we are consider-
ing. To-day is the 20th, and term ends on Saturday.
Your rule, as a matter of course, will go down that night.
Mr. Folkard—Scarcely that.
The Lord Chief Justice—Why not ?
Mr. Folkard—The attorney in the country who would
have to serve the rule lives many miles from Exeter, and
it is a matter of impossibility that the errors can be argued
this term. After the crown has joined in error we aro en-
titled to eight days before we move for a concilium (ac-
cording to Corner's Practice), being more than 40 miles
from London.

The Lord Chief Justice —lt is so laid down, is it ?
The Queen's Coroner (Mr. Norton)—lt is so.
The Lord Chief Justice—Then that would make it im-
possible to hear the arguments this term.
Mr. Folkard—lf there has been any delay in this case
the fault is on the part of the Crown. The writ was re-
turnable on the second day of terra, but it was not returned
with the record until the seventh.

The Lord Chief Justice -All we an now do is to grant
you your rule absolute in the first instance.

Mr. Folkard—lt is desirable to name the day on which
she should bo brought up.
The Lord Chief Justice—l think it is desirable you
should come to some understanding with the crown as to
the day to be fixed.
Mr. Folkard—l don't think there will be time for that.

The Lord Chief Justice—Then let errors be assigned on
Friday, that being the earliest day on which it can be
done.

The convict will therefore bo brought into court some
part of the day on Friday, and errors assigned, which is a
more formal matter. She will have to be further respited
to a day in or after Trinity term. Ii the meantime she
will bo in the custody of this court, aid in all probability
she will be confined in Newgate.

Horrible, Charges of Child Murder at Hutton

and Mark, Somerset•

O u Friday of ternoon and Saturday last Mr. Bruges
Fry, coroner for the northern division of Somerset-
shire, was engaged in investigating two cases, each
of which disclosed a charge of child murder of the
most deliberate and wicked character.

The first was held at the Fox and Goose Tavern,
South Brent, on the body of the legitimate female
child of a girl named Jane Bake; a servant in the
house of a farmer named Robert Luff, who occupies
a farm and lands in the parish of Hark, adjacent.
It appeared from the evidence that both Mr. and
Mrs. Luff had suspected the girl to be in the family
way, and that the latter more than once spoke to her
about it, and intimated their suspicions to her. She,
however, resolutely denied that there was any ground
for their apprehensions, and ascribed the appearance
to other causes. On the morning in question she got
up at 6 o'clock for the purpose of going as usual to
milk the cows. She was not seen again till some
time afterwards, when she went to her mistress'sbed
room, after Mr. Luff had gone away on business of
the farm, and said, " Mistress, I am very ill, I can-
not go and do the milking this morning." She left the
bedroom door and went to her own bedroom, and
Mrs. Luff, remembering the suspicious circumstances
she had before noticed, at once got up, and without
waiting to dress herself went at once to the girl's
chamber, where she found her lying on the bed
dressed. She asked her what was the matter with
her, to which she merely replied, "I am very ill."
Mrs. Luff then went into the kitchen, and from cer-
tain things she observed she came to the conclusion
that the girl had either given birth, or was about to
give birth to a child. She returned to the girl's bed-
room and told her what she thought, to which she
replied, "I could not have had a child, because I
have never been in the family way." Mrs. Luff told
her she could notbelieve her, and again told her what
she thought was the case. The girl still denied it, and
then she (Mrs. Luff) told her that as her sister only
lived half a mile off she had better get up and go to
her, and the girl got up and left. Subsequently Mrs.
Luff saw further suspicious things, and traced stains,
which Mr. Luff afterwards found led from the back
door of the farm to a watercloset in the rear of the
premises which emptied itself into a ditch. The
family then sent for Mr. J. C. Williams, a medical
practitioner, who at once came. Having gone to the
girl and satisfied himself that she had recently given
birth to a child, he communicated with the police,
and he and Police-constable Perry, of the Somerset-
shire constabulary, made a search of the watercloset,
and in the ditch behind discovered the body of an
infant. Subsequently Sergeant Gillbanks searched
the room occupied by the prisoner, in which he found
upon the bed a dress with marks of blood upon it,
and in a box Which was the property of Jane Baker
a knife with four blades. He afterwards proceeded
to the house of Alfred Fox, who married Jane
Baker's sister, where Jane Baker was then residing,
and received sundry articles of dress covered with
blood, which Mrs. Fox gave him, and said they
were the clothes of Jane Baker, who had come to
her house the morning previous.
Mr. J. C. Williams, surgeon, deposed that on the
morning of the 14th inst. he examined Jane Baker,
and found that she had been confined within six
hours. He also stated that by desire of the coroner
he made a post-mortem examination of the body of
a female child. L was well-formed and of full size.
Heav
en
been
et iecne dmla4d oe rb 1y 5
eel ue t sk
inf
et hper bo od du ye
e,
dw.
which
emmigehn-t
tioned that two marks upon the liver were particu-
larly noticeable, and that they were sufficient of
themselves to cause death, although he was not of
opinion that either of the stabs would produce in-
stant death. He concluded by stating that the lungs
floated in water. This, coupled with the fact of the
wounds not gaping, left little doubt in his mind that
the child was born alive, and that the wounds were
inflicted during life, in which conclusion Mr. Wade,
a surgeon, of Compton Bishop, who was present,
fully concurred.

The Coroner having summed up the evidence,
After a brief deliberation, the jury returned a
verdict of " Wilful Murder" against Jane Baker.
The second inquest was held on Saturday last, at

the house of Mrs. Jane Davies, of Ludwell Farm,
Hutton, for the purpose of inquiry into the cause of
death of the illegitimate child of Mary Trott, a do-
mestic servant in the employ of Mrs. Davies, who
was the first witness examined. She stated that she
was a widow, residing at Hutton, and that Mary
Trott was in her employ as domestic servant. She
had an impression that Mary was in the family-way,
and named it to her on two occasions. At fist she
denied it, but upon the second occasion Mrs. Davies
implored her not to add sin to sin, when she was
silent. On Tuesday, the 14th inst., she went to bed,
and Mary Trott slept in the same room, but on the
same bed. She heard nothing during the night, but
on awaking in the morning asked Mary Trott what
o'clock it was, and she said six. She (Trott) got up
and went downstairs before Mrs. Davies, who, upon
getting up, struck a light, and saw marks of blood
upon the floor. Witness then went down and said,
" Mary, what's the matter ?" and she replied, " I
have been poorly to-night." Mrs. Davies suspected
she.had miscarried, ordered her to bed, and sent for
Jane Fear, a washerwoman. She then proceeded up
stairs and saw that Mary Trott's bed had been
turned over. She did not see Mary Trott take any-
thing from the bed ; neither did she hear the cry of
a child during the night.

Jane Fear, the washerwoman before mentioned,
stated that upon arriving at Mrs. Davies's house she
proceeded to the room of Mary Trott, and found her
in bed. She asked her where she had put the child,
and said unless she told her she should have to send
for a policeman to search for it. She asked her if she
had thrown it in the closet, and Mary answered
" No." She then asked if she had put it in the ditch,
and was answered " No," but that she had placed it
in the tin in the coal-house where she kept herbones,
and that it was wrapped in her chemise and dirty
clothes bag.
Mr. W. Furnival, surgeon, next stated that on
the 15th inst. he was sent for to the house of Mrs.
Davies. He at once attended Mary Trott in her
room and asked her, t' How long did the child live?"
and she said, " About ten minutes." He then asked
her, " What did you do to it ?" And she said, " I
squeezed its throat, that mistress should not hear it
cry," but added, " not with any intention of killing
it." He then made a professional examination, and
found that she had been confined within a few hours.
Jane Fear afterwards showed him the child, and he
noticed a discolouration and indentation under the
left ear. He stated that he had submitted the lungs
to the usual test, and that he was fully satisfied the
child had been born alive, and had died, as near as
he could state, of strangulation, but swore most po-
sitively that death did not result from accident or
natural causes.

The Coroner then summed up the evidence.
The Jury, after a short consultation, returned a
verdict of " Wilful murder" against Mary Trott.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TimEs.--We are gradually getting authentic as
well as circumstantial accounts of the insurrection in
Jamaica. The Governor's despatch of the 24th Oc-
tober is in itself almost a complete narrative of the
events of the previous fortnight, and the alarming
features of the crisis do certainly not disappear upon
a closer view. The actual outbreak of the rebellion
was probably accidental. We are assured, indeed,
that the rising had been concerted for Christmas-
day, and that the explosion had been produced pre-
maturely ; but, however that may be, it is certain
that letters were received in this country from the
scene of the catastrophe dated only 48 hours before
its occurrence, in which no apprehensions of danger
were expressed. Before we relate what presently
ensued it may be advisable to premise a little infor-
mation explanatory of the incidents reported.
The island of Jamaica is divided into three counties,
Cornwall, Middlesex, and Surrey, of which the last
and smallest lies to the east. On the southern
coast of this county, some 30 or 40 miles from its
easternmost point, lies Morant Town, and a line
carried up from Morant Town directly northwards
would strike a town on the northern coast called
Port Antonio. Kingston lies about fifty miles to
the west of Morant Town, on the borders of
Middlesex, and the famous Blue Mountains, run-
ning from west to east throughout the country,
divide it into two equal parts. The entire popula-
tion of the island is, or was in 1862, accorded to the
returns of the Colonial-office, about 377,000, of
whom only some 50,000 were whites or mixed. The
vast were all blacks, so that the negroes outnum-
bered the remainder of the inhabitants by neven to
one. It is known beyond all question that a spirit
of disaffection had prevailed among the negroes for
some time previous to the outbreak, but the autho-
rities on the spot do not appear to have seen in the
first disturbance anything more formidable than a
local riot. On Saturday, the 7th of October, a
black man was .brought before the-magistrates at
Morant Town for trial, when a large number of
negroes armed with bludgeons, and accompanied by
a band of music, entered the town, and after a little
altercation burst into the Court-house and rescued
the prisoner. This violence, however, though suffi-
ciently outrageous, did not alarm the authorities, nor
was any report made to the Executive. On Sunday
all was quiet. On Monday, the 9th, the magistrates
issued their warrants for the ringleaders in the riot
of Saturday, but the policemen employed in the
business were overpowered, handcuffed, and forced
to take an oath of fidelity to " the black party."
At that time the Custos of the parish or district of
St. Thomas-in-the-East, in which Morant Town is
situated, was absent, but the next day he arrived
on the scene. Still he made no great account of
the riot, and it was only at the instance of his clerk
that he despatched a report to the Governor of the
island at Spanish Town. There the nature of the
outbreak was better appreciated. Governor Eyre
immediately summoned the Executive Council, and
ordered off to Morant Town the only man-of-war at
Port Royal. It was too late. When the Wolverine
got to Morant Town, about 36 hours afterwards, she
found that " all the principal inhabitants of the
district had been killed," and that the handful of
Volunteers opposed to the insurgents had fallen in
the discharge of their duty almost to a man. By
this time fresh information had reached Spanish
Town. Governor Eyre heard of the massacres and
atrocities by which his forebodings had been verified,
and was further apprised that the rebel negroesmight
be expected to come along the line of the Blue Moun-
tains towards Kingston and the centre of the island.
This intelligence induced him to repair in person to
the spot with as many troops as he could collect, and
he was already on his way when the Wolverine met
him with the details of the insurrection and a
cargo of unhappy refugees. The rebellion, indeed,
had spread most alarmingly. From Morant Town
it had propagated eastwards, had made the circuit
of the point, and had got round to Port Antonio,
the inhabitants of which place had been taken off
by the kindness of the captain in an American
bark. The insurgents were then about 12 miles
distant, so that all the country east .of the
line drawn from Port Antonio to Morant Town was
in their hands. To this country, however, Governor
Eyre determined to confine them, and his first ope-
ration was to occupy with troops the line between
the two towns, while a detachment was sent to in-
tercept the blacks who were moving by the Blue
Mountain valley. These proceedings were so far sue-
cessf ill that the troops, at the time of the Governor's
despatch, were masters of the field, but he reports
that rumours of disturbance arrived from other dis-
tricts, and that the island not only had been, but
was still, "to a certain extent, in the greatest jeo-
pardy." We hope there was no ground for further
alarm, but yesterday's telegrams from America cons
tanned an ominous piece of intelligence. " Advice-
from Jamaica," said the despatch, " state that the
negro insurrection continues, and numerous pro-
minent inhabitants have been killed." As the
fate of " numerous prominent inhabitants " has
unhappily been ascertained already, this statement
may be but a repetition of former reports. Yet we
cannot forget that news reaches us more quickly
through America than from Jamaica direct, and that
the last letters from the colony were still full of
anxiety. It must need all the bravery as well as
all the intelligence of the superior race to impart
confidence or security to 50,000 whites surrounded
in a negro insurrection by 300,000 blacks. We
cannot prevail upon ourselves to criticise too severely
the proceedings, or rather the language, of the
people driven to this desperate battle. We know
what the odds were, and we see what the prospect
was. Even the singular promptitude of the Gover-
nor could not save a third of the whole county
of Surrey from falling into the power of infuriated
blacks. How this power was exercised we need
not shock our readers by describing. None of the
worst features of negro insurrection were wanting
in this, and Governor Eyre himself gives it
as his opinion that had the least hesitation been
shown the whole island would have been wrapped in
the flames of rebellion, and England left to re-con-
quer a desolated colony by a tedious and costly war.
We do not think this view of the case exaggerated ;
we can only devoutly trust that it may not be veri-
fied yet. Seven blacks to one white represent fearful
odds, but troops must now have arrived from the
other islands and from North America, while a rein-
forcement of thesquadron at Port Royal would an-
swer, perhaps, for the security of the ports. Yet the

emergency must be most critical if, as is not incredi-
bly reported, the conspiracy was deliberate and uni-
versal, though the actual rising was prematurely at-
tempted. It is either too early or too late to speculate
on the persuasions by which the negroes have been
impelled to this treasonable and murderous plot.
What is certain, for it is on record, is that all
through the year agitation has been at work among
the blacks, though we cannot discover, even in the
arguments of their most fanatical advocates, that
-they had anything to complain of beyond the low
wages and slack work which a bad harvest com-
bined with their own indolence to produce. In
some parts of the island there was distress, or, at
least, something as much like it as could be felt by
men who lived on their own land in a tropical
climate, with wants hardly above those of a brute.
They were told, however, by those who should have
known better that they were oppressed or injured,
and had a grievance, though, at the very worst,
this grievance could only be that for a bad day's
work they could barely get a bad day's wage. But
it is too probable that the discontent thus kindled
and fomented was combined with dreams of rapine
and power. The blacks had been emancipated in
America, they had been victorious in San Domingo;
why should not they be lords and masters in
Jamaica? It is certain that negroes from Hayti
have been arrested in Jamaica, and it is reasonably
surmised that they may be accountable for some of
this mischief. This, however, we may learn here-
after. All we know at present is that a fierce and
sanguinary insurrection has been checked by the
promptitude and vigour of the authorities ; all we
can hope is that it may have been completely and
effectually extinguished.

POST.—With the differences which may subsist
between the Government of her Most Catholic Ma-
jesty and the Republic of Chili we have no concern ;
but the consequences to which those differences
have given rise possess for us an interest of no
common kind. War is a two-edged weapon which,
however cautiously wielded, strikes both foes and
friends, and the bystanders in a fray are clearly
entitled to expostulate when, without any fault of
their own, they come in for some of those hard
knocks with which the combatants belabour each
other. We have just learned that a Spanish Ad-
miral has, in the name of his Government, declared
war against Chili, and has commenced hostilities by
effecting a blockade of the Chilian ports. In other
words, Spain, in order to secure redress from Chili
for some real or imaginary grievances of which she
complains, has interrupted the trade of the latter
with the rest of the world, and by a necessary con-
sequence has at the same moment interrupted the
trade of the rest of the world with Chili. The quarrel
which for four years subsisted between the two sec-
tions of the American Republic was no affair of
ours, and we maintained a strict neutrality ; but we ,
nevertheless suffered in our trade in consequence of
that quarrel more than any other neutral State in
the world. Now in like manner it so happens that,
although total strangers to the squabble which has
led to the blockade of the Chilian ports by Spain,
the consequences of that blockade will fall heavier
upon us than on any other neutral Power. On look-
ing to the returns of the import and export trade of
Chili in the year 1860, we find that of the total im-
ports, which amounted to £3,637,000, about
£1,300,000, or more than a third, were cleared from
British ports, whilst of the exports, which reached in
all £3,667,000, nearly £1,900,000, or more than
half, were shipped to this country ; of the vessels
which entered and were cleared at the ports of the
republic in the same year, one-fourth—and, esti-
mated by tonnage, more than a third—were British.
Under these circumstances, therefore, it will pro-
bably be felt that, without any desire to intervene
in the affairs of other nations, we have at least some
grounds for inquiring into the expediency of these
measures which will indirectly, but not the less cer-
tainly, have the effect of injuring our trade. Her
Majesty's Government, on being made acquainted
with the commencement of hostilities between
Spain and Chili, forthwith held a Cabinet Council,
and, although the proceedings of such Councils are
invariably kept secret, it requires no great powers
of divination to infer that the messenger who, our
correspondent in Paris informs us, passed through
that city on Sunday, on his way to Madrid, bore in-
structions to our Minister to represent to the Spanish
Government the light in which their policy is re-
garded in this country. Into the nature of the
quarrel between Spain and Chili it will not be neces-
sary to enter. The circumstances which gave rise
to it have already furnished a subject for negotiations,
which, however, unfortunately terminated without
satisfactory result. The demands made by the
Spanish Government were resisted by that of the
Chilian Republic, and, as both must be presumed to
have based their conclusions on conscientious convic-
tion, it would be equally idle and impertinent for
strangers to pronounce an opinion on the merits of
the matter in dispute. It is one of the evils atten-
dant on the administration of international law in
cases where a difference of opinion exists, that each
party must not as judge, ae well as advocate, in Lis
own cause. Dismissing, therefore, from considera-
tion the causes of the quarrel and its merits as they
might appear to us, we shall proceed to investigate
the means by which the Spanish Government have
sought to obtain satisfaction for their wounded
dignity. It seems that on the arrival of Admiral
Pareja at Valparaiso, he forthwith called upon the
Government of Chili to give immediate satisfaction
to Spain for the alleged insults offered to her, with
au intimation that unless his demand was complied
with, at the expiration of four days war would be
declared. This demand was conveyed in a despatch
said to be couched in a very offensive tone, and in
which the Admiral required the Government to
salute the Spanish flag previously to his stating the
nature of the satisfaction he was willing to accept.
This ultimatum was not only rejected by the Congress,
which was in session at the time, but the diplomatic
body at Santiago united in addressing a protestto the
Spanish Admiral against the course which be had
threatened to pursue. The protest, together with a
second despatch similar in its tenor, produced no
other result than a few hours' delay; and in a note
addressed to the Diplomatic Body after hostilities
were commenced, Admiral Pareja justified the ex-
treme measures which he thought proper to employ.
This note has been published, but we doubt much if
even the Government or her Most Catholic Majesty
will endorse the justification advanced by their
Admiral for blockading the ports of Chili, and em-
ploying all the means in his power to cripple her
commerce. In their protest the Diplomatic Body
pointed out that the differences which gave rise to
the present demands had formed the subject of
negociations between M. Tavira, the Spanish Mini-
ster at Santiago, and the Chilian Government, in
the month of May, and that explanations had then
been made by the Government which were accepted
as satisfactory by the Spanish Envoy. The natural
conclusion therefore was that the existing differ-
ences had disappeared, and " that M. Tavira, having
acted as Minister of her Catholic Majesty, the ar-
rangement accepted by him would be ratified by his
Government." The Diplomatic Body accordingly
pressed upon the attention of the Admiral that,
even assuming that all differences had not disap-
peared, the proper means of securing their adjust-
ment did not consist in making peremptory demands,
to be followed in case of refusal by a declaration of
war. To this very reasonable representation Admi-
ral Pareja contented himself with replying that M.
Tavira had exceeded his instructions, and that the
Spanish Government were not under any obligation
to ratify the consent of their resident Minister. By
withholding such ratification, the Admiral pointed
out that the condition of things had been ren-
dered the same as before M. Tavira began his
negociations, and that therefore the explanations
then given by the Chilian Government being un-
satisfactory, it would be idle to hope for a solul
tion by pacific means. A more monstrous justi-
fication for beginning at a few hours' notice a
cruel and oppressive war is probably not to be
found in the annals of history. Admitting that the
Spanish Government were entitled to repudiate the
acceptance by their Envoy of the explanations
offered by the Chilian Government, it is preposte-
rous to contend that a civilised State is justified,
whilst resuming negotiations at a point antecedent
to tender and acceptance of such explanations, to
reopen the matter in dispute with an offensive
demand, coupled with an ultimatum to be accepted
or rejected within four days. Why should it be
assumed that because the explanations tendered in
May were not accepted by the Spanish Government,
others more satisfactory might not be obtained by
the aid of diplomacy ? The fact that those made
were considered ample by the then Spanish Minister
at Santiago would seem to show that the remain-
ing points of difference could scarcely be of so
serious a nature as necessarily to demand for their
adjustment the employment of the final argument
of kings. War, as we have already observed,
affects others than the belligerents ; and we must,
therefore, protest against the wanton manner in
which the Spanish Government have plunged a
peaceful but, at the same time, high-spirited people
into war, and interrupted the trade hitherto carried
on with us and other States. The remonstrance
which has doubtless been addressed by her Majesty's
Ministers, and which has probably been accom-
panied by a similar one from the French Court,
will, it is to be hoped, have the effect of inducing
the Spanish Government to recall their fleet from
Chili, and suspend hostilities which should never
have been commenced.
" THE EXAMINER" ON MRS. GAsKELL.--Reach-
ing far beyond her own family circle, far beyond
that wider circle of friends who loved and valued
her so truly, is the grief which Mrs.- Gaskell's death
brings with it. In the very fulness of her powers,
with her imagination quite undiminished, and her
heart fresh and warm as ever, she has been taken

from us. The world of letters hasi lost a colleague
who pressed on among the very foremostin its ranks,
and we have all lost one who united to rarest lite-
rary ability all the best and highest gifts of a very
noble woman. That tender pathos, which could
sink so deep—that gentle humour, which could soar
so lightly—that delicate perception which nothing
could escape, that wide sympathy which ranged so
far, those sweet moralities which range so true ; it
is, indeed, hard and sad to feel that these must be
silent for us henceforth for ever. Let us begrate-
ful, however, that we have still those writings of
hers which England will not willingly let die, and
that she has given us no less an example of con-
scientious work and careful pains, by which we all
alike may profit. For Mrs. Gaskell had not only
genius of a high order, but she had also the true
feeling of the artist, that grows impatient at what-
ever is unfinished or imperfect. Whether de-
scribing with touching skill the charities of
poor to poor, or painting, with an art which
Miss Austin might have envied, the daily round
of common life, or merely telling, in her
graphic way, some wild or simple tale ; what-
ever the work, she did it with all her power,
sparing nothing, scarcely sparing herself enough, if
only the work were well and completely done. This
is not the time or place to speak of Mrs. Gaskell as
she was to those who knew and loved her best ; but
they may be at least reminded how many are sor-
rowing in their sorrow, and grieving for their loss.
By the death of Mrs. Gaskell many distinguished
men of letters, not only in this country but in France
and in America, will feel that there has passed
away one whose kindly heart and gracious presence
had a charm about them which no one could resist.
And there are others whose grief will be deeper still.
How many young authors, struggling upward, did
she assist with her ready sympathy and friendly
counsel. How many operatives, in the bitterness
of the cotton famine, found the authoress of "Mary
Barton" as ready to help them by her active pre-
sence as she had once tried to help them by herpen.
And now she has left us, and a dark cloud has in-
deed fallen upon that happy home which was so
beautiful in its simple hospitality, and which, as
equally perhaps no other home in Lancashire, fos-
tered the purest love of books and art, and of every
liberal and cultivated taste.
THE " ANGLO-AMERICAN TIMES " ON AMERICAN
FINANCES.—In our issue of October 27 we remarked,
in the course of an article on the finances of the
United States, that the receipts for the quarter
ending September 30th would probably reach
$140,000,000 ; and on this fact we estimated the
receipts for the fiscal year at $560,000,000. This
statement was received by some of our readers with
what they called " a considerable degree of allow-
ance ;" and a correspondent, writing from Liver-
pool, undertook to correct our figures, remarking,
in the course of his letter, that Mr. Secretary
M'CuLLoeu would " indeed be delighted if the
figures given were correct." Now, by the Hibernia
we have received the official statement of the re-
venue of the United States Government from all
sources, for the quarter ending Septembor 30, and
it amounts in round numbers to $148,000,000, just
$8,000,000 in excess of our estimate. This is equal
to a yearly aggregate of $592,000,000,—0r thirty
millions of dollars more than we stated as the pro-.
bable increase from all sources for the fiscal year.
The Secretary of the Treasury proposes to bring
the expenses of the Government for the current
fiscal year down to $260,000,000, including interest
on the public debt; so that more than half the
total revenue of the country can be applied to the
extinguishment of the public debt. Never before,
in a nation's history, has such a result been achieved.
But these figures, extraordinary as they are, do
not so impress the mind as do the details of the
trade and products of the United States for the
present year. In every thing except cotton, the
productions of the country are entirely unexampled.
In Chicago, the grain port of the Western States,
there were stored, during the last week in October,
more than three million bushels of grain, awaiting
shipment. In Buffalo there were another million
and a half of bushels, and similar amounts in two
or three other cities. Cotton, the great Southern,
staple, is exceedingly active. The receipts up to
Obtober 28th at the various shipping ports of the
United States amounted to 255,000 bales, and the
exports to 107,000 bales. The total stock on hand
at the end of October was estimated at the value of
eighty millions of dollars.

COUNTRY MARKETS.

NORTHAMPTON—Nov. 18.

Wo had a plentiful supply of wheat him]. the farmers
our corn market to-day, and the attendance of the trade
fair. A dull trade prevailed, and fine qualities at unaltered
rates, but other kinds receded 6d to is per qr. Barley
moderate demand. Oats not large, with a slight advance.
Beans at late rates. Peas a dull sale.
New white wheat, 42s to 48s ; new red, 403 to 465; old
white, 45s to 51s; old red, 43s to 49s per 36 stone. Barley
for malting, 2R5 to 445 rev ei gy;mling, 26s to 358 per 30
stone. Oats, old; 28s to 32s ' • new, 22s to 25s per '24 stone.
Beans, old, 44s to 488; new, 38s to 40s per 38 stone. Peas,
34s to 37s per 36 stone.