The Sun.
London, England, 1865-04-11 00:00:00

GENERAL ORDERS.

1. The volunteer corps, of which the attendance at the
review has been sanctioned by the Secretary of State, will
be formed in brigades and divisions as shown in a state-
ment of the distribution of the force hereto annexed.

2. No company is to be of less strength than 20 files, or of
greate'r strength than 32 files. The number of company
officers accompanying the troops is to be strictly limited to
three for each company.
3. Battalions should, if possible, be made up to at least
six companies. No corps of less than four companies will
be admitted as a battalion.

4. The rank and file of the infantry should be provided
with blank ammunition at the rate of 20 rounds per man.
5. Ammunition in the prop9rtion of 75 rounds per gun for
the horse artillery, 50 rounds per gun for the 9-pounders
and 6-pounders, and 40 rounds per gun for the 18-pounders
and 24-pounders, will be served out to the field artillery on
the ground.

6. It is recommended that every volunteer should carry
with him his provisions for the day. For this purpose he
should be provided with a havresack (to be worn over the
right shoulder) and a water bottle. It is also most desirable

that each volunteer should have a cloak, cape, or great coat.
Uniformity of pattern as regards these garments may be
dispensed with on this occasionrprovided they are folded
neatly, and earried in the same way throughout each corps.
Officers commanding battalions will give the order for their
men to cloak when necessary.
7. Commanding officers must bring with them to the re--
view field states of their respective corps, prepared accord-
ing to the form issued.

8. In the case of a corps of garrison artillery, or of in-
fantry, which is joined with others in a battalion on this
occasion, the field state is to be handed to the officer com-
manding the battalion, to enable hiw to make out a field
state for the whole battalion.

9. The field states will be given by commanding officers
to the brigade majors of the brigades to which they respec-
tively belong, and they will be subsequently collected
from the brigade majors by an assistant-inspector of
volunteers.

10. The metropolitan corps will be conveyed by special
trains from London-bridge and Victoria Stations precisely
in the order prescribed in the detailed instructions for the
departure of the several corps, which have been already
published.

11. The conveyance by railway of the country corps will
be carried out according to the arrangements made by officers
commanding corps direct with the railway authorities.
12. Commanding officers should take steps to insure the
punctual arrival of their respective corps at the railway
station at the hours which have been fixed for this purpose.
13. Whilst proceeding through the streets of the metro-
polis to the railway station, commanding officers are to be
careful in keeping their corps from overlapping any corps
that may be in their front, and they must regulate their
order of march so as to keep the thoroughfares clear.
14. When a corps arrives within 100 yards of the railway
station its band must cease playing.
15. With a view to avoid confusion at the metropolitan
railway stations, a corps is not on any account to approach
within 100 yards of the station, unless it is properly told
off, and prepared to enter the carriages on reaching the plat-
form in regularly military formation, nor until the com-
manding officer has ascertained that each volunteer has his
ticket ready to be shown to the collector at the gate; neither
is a corps to attempt to enter the station, should it arrive
there while another corps is engaged in entering. In such
a contingency it must wait until the entrance is clear.

16. Upon arrival at Brighton the various corps will at
once march (right in front) to the undermentioned rendez-
vous which have been appointed for them ; those from Lon-
don by the Montpelier-road and Rose-hill-terrace, and the
corps from the east and west of the main line by Trafalgar-
road, keeping always upon the western side of the Grand
Parade.

,
Garrison Artillery Level North end.
I st Brigade, Ist Infantry Division}

2d „ Level, Middle.
3d „ 71 Level, South end.
4th „ 17 Enclosure B.
lstßrigade, 2d Infantry Division Enclosure C.
2d „
77 Enclosure D, North eivi.
3d „
77 Enclosure D, south.
4th „ Enclosure E.
sth „ • 77 Enclosure F.
17. The horses of mounted officers will await their arrival
from London in the enclosure at the railway station entered
from Montpelier-road.
18. On reaching their respective rendezvous the corps
will pile arms in quarter-ilistance columns (right in front),
or in such formation as the ground will admit of, care being
taken that no injury is done to any of the trees or shrubs
in the gardens. The corps that arrive early may break off,
but the volunteers are to bo cautioned not to stray far from
their rendezvous.
19. The guns belonging to the field batteries will be
parked on the space in the rear of the grand stand, either
previously to Easter Monday or early in the morning of
that day, and must be prepared to take their appointed places
without delay in the line of march, when the infantry
columns approach them on their way to the review ground.
20. At 11 a.m., the infantry having got under arms, will
file off by fours from the right of the garrison artillery,
followed by the Ist division, proceeding by the west of the
Grand Parade, the Marine Parade, and Bedford-street, to
the Racecourse, where it will form a mass of quarter-dis-
tance columns right in front, and be joined by the cavalry
and the field batteries of artillery.
21. Previous to the force marching past, one band will be
sent from each brigade by the brigadier to a spot allotted
for the purpose in front of the saluting-point near the grand
stand. The bands collected there will then be arranged by
a staff officer in consecutive order for the purpose of play-
ing while their respective brigades pass. The remaining
bands will march at the bead of their own battalions with-
out playing.
22. The force will march past the general in command,
near the grand stand, in the following order :

Horse Artillery.
The Cavalry.
2. Ist Brigade of Field Batteries.
3. 2d Brigade of Field Batteries.
4. Brigade of Garrison Artillery.
5. Ist Division of Infantry.
G. 3d Brigade of Field Batteries.
7. 4th Brigade of Field Batteries.
8. 2d Division of Infantry.

23. The cavalry will march past in column of troops, the
artillery in column of divisions, and the infantry in open
column of companies, the whole being right in front, and
dressing by the right.

24. After having marched past the force will take up
ground, which will be pointed out by staff officers.
25. As during the review one portion of the force -will boa
employed in attacking the other, it will be necessary, in
order to prevent the occurrence of accidents, that officers
and non-commissioned officers in charge of opposing parties
should not allow them to approach within 100 yards of each
other.

26. A building near the grand stand hasbeen appropriated
as a field hospital, and an ambulance will bo stationed on the
rising ground near the windmill on the racecourse, for the
conveyance of any person who may require to be taken to
the hospital during the review.•

27. At the conclusion of the field-day arms are to be exa-
mined, and surplus small-arm ammunition collected from
the pouches, in accordance with Article 108 of the Volun-
teer Regulations.

28. The force will then return to Brighton ; the Ist and
2d brigade of field batteries, the garrison artillery, and the
lst division of infantry by the Lewes road ; and the cavalry,
the 3rd and 4th brigades of field batteries, and the second
division of infantry by Bedfot d-street and the Marine-parade.
On reaching Brighton the guns of those field batterie. s which
have to be conveyed by railway will proceed at once to the
goods station, which will be appropriatod for their reception,
and where a party of the Royal Artillery will be in readi-
ness to receive any gun ammunition whi,?.ll may not have
been expended ; and the garrison artillery and the several
brigades of infantry will take up the exact places at the ren-
dezvous which they occupied in the morning, and will
there await their turn to move to the railway station for
conveyance to their respective destinations.
29. During this interval after the arms have been piled
the volunteers may be allowed to break off for the
..purpose of
taking refreshment ; but arrangements should be made to
insure the falling in again in time to march punctually to
the station at the appointed time. Any volunteers who do
not privet) to return with their corps should comnal uticate

their intention to the commanding officer before the arms are
piled.

30. The force will move to thelrailway station in the
following order:—' •
Garrison Artillery—The Ist Administrative Brigade Mid-

dlesex, the 2d Middlesex Artillery Volunteers, the 3rd Essex
Artillery Volunteers, and the Ist London Artillery Volun-
teers will march at 5.40 p.m. with the Ist Brigade of the
Ist Infantry Division. The 2nd Surrey Artillery Volunteers
will march at 5.50 p.m. with the 2nd Brigade, Ist Infantry
Division. The Hants Artillery will march at 6.40 p.m. to
the Hove station, and there join the sth Brigade of the 2nd
Infantry Division.
To the Carriage Sheds in the Montpelier Road.

Ist Infantry Division-Ist Brigade will march at 5.40
p.m. ; 2nd Brigade at 5.50 p.m. ; 3rd Brigade at 6.20 p.m. ;
4th Brigade at 6.30 p.m.

2nd Infantry Division-Ist Brigade will march at 6.50
p.m. ; 2nd Brigade at 7.10 p.m. ; 3rd Brigade at 7.30 p.m.
The left wing of the 28th Middlesex Rifle Volunteer Corps,
lea-ving the Ist Brigade, will March with the 2d Brigade,
Ist Infantry Division.

The Ist London and Ist Tower Hamlets Engineer Volun
teers, leaving the 4th Brigade, will march with the 3d Bri
gade, Ist Infantry Division.

The 3d Administrative Battalion Surrey Rifle Volunteers
and the Ist Administrative Battalion Kent Rifle Volunteers,
leaving the 4th Brigade, will march with the 3d Brigade,
2d Infantry Division.
The 2d Administrative Battalion, Sussex Rifle Volunteers,
will march at 6 45 p.m. by the Queen's-road and Surrey-
street to the west side of the passenger terminus.
The Ist Administrative Battalion, Cinque Ports Rifle
Volunteers, will march at 7 p.m. by Queen's-road to the
east side of the passenger terminus.
The sth Brigade of the 2d Infantry Division will march
at 6 45 p.m. by Western-road to the Hove station.

31. The volunteers belonging to the field batteries, after
having deposited the guns at the goods station,will proceed
by corps to the platforms from which the trains which are
to convey them to their respective destinations are appointed
to start.

32. Officers commanding brigades will take care to give the
order to march at the exact time7fixed above, and any bat-
talion that is not ready to start must be left behind at the
rendezvous, and not allowed to proceed to the station until
after the departure of all the brigades has been provided for.
33. The volunteers belonging to the field batteries, after
having deposited the guns at the goods station,will proceed
by corps to the platforms from which the trains which are
to convey them to their respective destinations are appointed
to start.

34. The volunteers are to march into the railway station
by the prescribed entrance in regular military formation,
which is to be retained until they have reached the car-
riages, and the strictest silence should be observed in the
ranks. No band is on any account to be allowed to play
inside the station.

35. Should a Brigadier not be able to remain with his
brigade until its arrival at tho railway station, he must hand
over the command to the next senior officer, notifying that
he has done so to the Major of Brigade. Brigade Majors are
to remain with their brigades until the latter have entered
the railway station.

36. An officer of competent rank is to remain in command
of every corps, and each company must be in charge of an
officer.

37. Volunteers who are not with their corps when the
latter proceed to the station, will not be admitted to the
special trains until all corps that are in military formation
shall have been started on the return journey.

By order,
GEORGE ERSKINE, Colonel.

War Office, April 10, 1865.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.--The first upland out of London where
~he western breeze comes fresh upon the cheek is
Wimbledon-common. Centuries ago you might have
filled your lungs with oxygen at the " village of
Charing," or, if you had lived in the years of Henry
VIII., you would have found an hostelry with 18
acres of pasture land at the top of Drury-lane ; but
now Wimbledon-common is the first open space
where the western wind gets a chance of a steady
blow. It is almost country. It is high and dry,
with deep gravel, and a wide expanse of view over
to the Epsom-downs. Richmond-park joins on to
the right. Kingston-hill and the wooded coverts of
Combe-warren are before you. Putney and Roe-
hampton and the Thames are away down in the
valley, and the great smoky London is only a brisk
hour's walk behind you. There is nothing near the
metropolis to compare with it. Pity it cannot last
so for ever ! Pity that when millions of human
creatures multiply they must expand over more
space ! Yet Wimbledon-common is doomed, what-
ever the Open Spaces Committee may say to the
contrary. Already the Clapham-junction is put-
ting forth its long antennae of streets and cottages ;
already the builders are walking up Wandsworth-
hill ; already the few meadows between the Heath
and Putney-town are seized upon by land jobbers,
and are] being parcelled out into terraces and cir-
cuses of narrow, lofty, squeezed-up houses. Wim-
bledon-park, which a few years ago could have been
bought for £l5O an acre, is now worth £l,OOO an
acre, and is covered with stately villas ; Wimble-
don village is crowded with houses ; and even low
lying Morden has been changed from a swampinto
a little town. Some day the Duke of Cambridge
or his successor will succumb to the temptation, and
kill his pheasants down and accept an enormous in-
cOme for changing Combe-warren into a region of
pleasant villas. All the frontiers of our old favourite
common are mapped out for occupation, and what-
ever may happen to the common itself, it willwithin
a few years be hemmed in by habitations more orless
ugly and more or less crowded. The sacred fron-
tiers of the common itself, however, are at present
intact. It is near a thousand acres. If they could
sell it for building sites it would be worth £5OO an
acre. Fortunately, however, they cannot sell it—
at least, there is great doubt upon the point. There
is a hope, therefore, that this great space, although
it must necessarily lose its present rural character,
may yet be kept to some extent open, and be left,
as a speaker in the late debate rather happily ex-
pressed it, as aVillage Green for the Village of Lon-
don. There are legal difficulties in the enclosure
and division of this and other open Commons, but
those difficulties are certainly not such as are sup-
posed to exist by some of our Parliamentary speakers.
As to public rights upon the Wimbledon Common,
the public have no more legal right there than they
have over Mr. Cox's mignionette boxes. If any class
have acquired rights by trespass on Wimbledon Com-
mon, it must be the gipsies; for they have used it con-
tinuously and from time immemorial. The chief object
of the present movement is, however, to drive them
away. But although it is ridiculous to imagine that
the public could for a moment maintain legal rights
to any user of this property of the Lord and Com-
moners of the Manors of Wimbledon and Wands-
worth, yet the public have a very strong equitable
claim to be considered if the aid of the Legislature
is asked for in order to change the character of a
district like this. We have no sympathy whatever
with people who buy bits of land upon the borders
of an open space, and cover- their own land with
bricks and mortar, and then clamour to have a park
made or kept open for them at their neighbours'
expense. If Lord Spencer did with Wimbledon
Common what these gentlemen have done with
Wimbledon Park, we should have nothing to say
to him so far as they are concerned. But for the
inhabitants of this great crowded metropolis there
is an equity. It is the pressure of the population
of this ever-swelling Babylon that alone gives
the enormous value to this land which it would
now bear if brought into the land market. That
population, therefore, which confers the value has
some right to have its necessities considered when
special legislation is asked for in order to dis-
pose of the land to which its necessities have given
an enormous price. If the Lord and Commoners
who own this tract can divide it between them
without the aid of the Legislature, we have nothing
to say, unless we are prepared to buy the land. But
if they come for special powers, then we hold we
are fully justified in driving a bargain for the popu-
lation of London, that their accustomed although
unauthorised enjoyment shall be reasonably con-
sidered and to a fair extent perpetuated. Such is,
we apprehend, the only ground upon which sober
people could advocate any interference short of pur-
chase with the open spaces round London. To be
honest in such a matter you must either buy with
money, or make a bargain while you have some
quid pro quo to offer. Lord Spencer, the Lord of
these Wimbledon and Wandsworth manors, comes
to us voluntarily and offers to bargain with us.
What his rights as Lord are we do not pretend to
know, but as he sells the gravel, grants leave to
make temporary enclosures on the Common, and
disputes all claims of the copyholders, we apprehend
that his chances are such that many a speculative
attorney. in London would give him £lOO,OOO for
them. He is not, therefore, seeking any pecuniary
gain when he comes forward and offers to secure to
the public 700 acres of this Common, and to enclose
it, level it, and preserve it for the popular use.
Whatever we may think of his proposition, Lord
Spencer deserves the public gratitude for the gene-
rosity of his intentions. The tone in which he has
been treated by some persons is obviously unde-
served, and very unworthy both of him and of the
real public sentiment in this matter. He proposes,
no doubt, to sell off some strips for building, and
this would probably, by competition, bring down
the unnatural prices of building sites in that locality,
which may be a disadvantage to individuals, but
would certainly be a public benefit. But for any one
to pretend that to cut off a portion of this great area
—which must infallibly be built all round—can be
any loss to the public is a transparent false pretence.
Seven hundred acres of wild pleasure ground is
ample Village Green even for the Village for London.

Still, however, although the persons who pretend to
do with Lord Spencer's property precisely as they
please, and claiming to. represent the public would
also appear desirous of warning other landowners
against dealing generously with the public—although
those persons have acted in the worst possible taste,
yet there is something in the matter of the objec-
tions they make to Lord Spencer's scheme. What-
ever the public are to have they should have as their
own. A gift is no gift if clogged with stipulations,
and if even nominal property is reserved to the
donor. The proposition to enclose was a mistake
altogether, the reservation of the right to dig pits
and cart away the soil was a mistake, and the level-
ling and planting and cultivating were great mis-
takes; bnt the greatest mistake of all was the insist-
ing upon a power to make bylaws as to how the
public should enjoy their new acquisition. It was
well intended, but there was too much complexity
about the scheme. Wimbledon Common would
have lost all its freedom and all its value.
Lord Spencer, however, has shown that he is
not obstinately wedded to his own scheme.
" If you do,not like my scheme, gentlemen, tell me
what you would like," he says, and his bill has gone
up to a select committee to be remodelled. In the
interest of the public we should think there can be
no question what the scheme ought to be. It should
be as simple as possible. There should be no en-
closure, no flower-gardens, and no more gravel-pits
or turf-burning. The common should be placed
under:the control of the Home Secretary and the
police ; and all we want them to do is to prevent
squatting and stealing and to keep the peace. The
value of the rights unon the Common should be
ascertained upon a calculation based upon the re-
ceipts during an average of past years. Let these
rights be compensated by an annual rentcharge, to
be divided among those entitled to it. Then let an
estimate be made of the annual amount requisite to
keep up necessary drainage and roads and a good
staff of police. When you thus know what money
you want, let off as much land upon 99 years' build-
ing leases as will bring in the required sum. You
can hardly want 300 acres for this purpose. Your
fund will thus be secured ; and a hundred years
hence, when the leases fall in, the " Common Fund"
will be rich enough to meet any extraordinary ex-
penditure that may then be necessary. This ap-
pears to us to be the natural and simple way of
effecting all that is really required either by Lord
Spencer or by the public.
HERALD.—WhiIe eager to recognise as authentic
the statements we receive to the effect that the de-
structive epidemic in Russia is abating, and while
anxious to believe that the terror of the pestilence
has been highly exaggerated, we would, at the ap-
proach of hot weather, counsel the public to keep
upon their guard. Three English physicians have
gone out, by official appointment, to investigate the
nature of the disease concerning which so many
opinions prevail; clean bills of health are required
from all ships arriving in our ports with Baltic car-
goes; the French Government, together with the
British, has taken action to ascertain in what direc-
tion, if at all, the pestilence is travelling ; and whe-
ther it be a fever or malady vaguely known as the
plague, the time for precaution has not yet gone
by. We should stand in just as much dread of the
typhus as the cholera, and it is certain that typhus
and two other contagions exist at St. Petersburg,
whither they have arrived from distant parts of
Europe rand even from beyond the mountain boun-
daries Of Asia. For six months the children, in many
districts of Russia, have been peculiarly, and often
fatally, affected by some mysteriously morbid action
of the brain. The febrile storm next passed, and
an immense mortality ensued ; that which now rages
is vulgarly denominated the Siberian plague ' • and
the questions are, what is the real nature of the
attack, and is it approaching our shores ? We can-
not rely implicitly upon the dogmatism of profes-
sional gentlemen and others who volunteer their
diagnosis from a di Lance, and pretend to be per-
fectly familiar with the causes, symptoms, and reme-
dies of the malady. They were equally flippant when
diphtheria, with its deadly strangeness of malignity,
first appeared among us, and to this hour the doctors
differ on the subject of Asiatic cholera. Without,
therefore, justifying the attempt which has been
wantonly made to produce a panic, without forebod-
ing the approach of a ghastly visitor, and without
even assuming as probable the arrival of the
Russian plague in this country, we are bound to
hold the matter in view as one of serious interest.
The disease, in the Russian dominions, is generally
regarded as having, at a period more or less remote,
had its origin in Siberia. Its chief ravages are
always among the poor—a fact which we should be
sorry to accept as a consolation. There is no neces-
sity for quoting medical jargon to invent an expla-
nation of its special character ; but there exists a
very strong necessity for bidding the public not as
yet to put faith in theories which have been confi-
dently broached about horned rye, black bread, and
ergot, or the efficacy of stimulants and quinine. If
the truth must be told, we are practically in the
dark concerning the history, nature; and cause of
this remarkable disorder, which has desolated the
circle of Waldai, spread death through Dantzic,
Konigsberg, and Gumbinnen, and actually depopu-
lated entire villages to the south-west of St. Peters-
burgh. In fact, we are awaiting information, and,
in the meantime, without yielding to panic, shall be
wise if we adopt reasonable measures for the com-
mon safety. There can be no doubt, that, for many
days, a sense of consternation overwhelmed the
modern capital of Russia. In the hospital of Oka-
bow, not merely did the whole of the patients die,
but, in addition, all the official staff ; and the Czar's
Government has thot.ghtfully sent for eminen

medical men, from England, Fiance, and Germany,
in order to consult them. Thus the subject rests,at
present, in obscurity, and our only course is to re-
gard the statements which have been made upon it,
no matter in what quartef, as signally incomplete,
contradictory, and deserving 'the slightest possible
credence. There may have been exaggeration—
there may be mystifi cation—there certainly need
not be panic ; but the topic must not yet be dis-
missed from the view of Western Europe.
It is not to be denied that epidemics of various
kinds have many times, emerging froin Asia,
traversed enormous spaces of Europe, although
the plague itself, when it broke forth once in
Russia with great virulence, died out within the
frontiers of that empire. But dysentery, and even
influenza, have been known, like the cholera, to
make prodigious circuits and cross large breadths
of sea—a truth which we do not cite upon the
authority of that credulous Dr. Foster, who
affirmed that the comet of 1668 " made all the cats
in Westphalia sick." However, assuming the pos-
sibility of a dangerous contagion reaching us, what
would Ministers do ? Their existing code of regu-
lations must be designated as a mass of unmeaning
absurdities, totally ineffectual and inapplicable. This
is a question principally of police—that is of admini-
strative vigilance. There is no demand for pest or
lazar-houses, floating hospitals anchored out at sea,
or a system of quarantine such as was advocated
in 1831; but when the character of the epidemic has
been, so far as may be practicable, ascertained, and
when we have learned whether or not its scourge is
being carried towards the West, there are certain
obvious precautions to be taken. Many years ago,
in a work upon the " History of Plagues," a phrase
occurred which curiously bears on the reports we
have received from St. Petersburgh—" in all pesti-
lences the mortality is fiercest among bakers and
mildest among fishermen." Of course, we are not
now, as we were then, in imminent and visibleperil,
crying out for new rules to govern markets, inns,
hotels, public conveyances, hospitals, burial-grounds,
and warehouses of medicine ; but we cannot, at all
events, be too safe, and in a matter like this we must
look for protection to the central authority. There
can be no doubt that in Prussia, along the Russian
borders, notwithstanding the reassuring intelligence
telegraphed to London, considerable apprehension
exists. In the frontier towns the streets are patrolled
by medical inspectors, the houses of the poor are
ordered to be whitewashed, decayedfruit, vegetables,
and filth of every kind are sedulously removed, and,
at the same time, every effort is made to repress the
popular excitement. This is a useful and judicious
policy. We are, as yet, under no obligation what-
ever to imitate it ; our necessity is that of watching
and endeavouring to understand the epidemic, which,
unquestionably, has been filling thousands of graves
in many districts of Russia. There, moreover, an-
other singular fact is to be noted. The Russians,
through the very circumstance of their inhabiting a
generally cold climate, are particularly exposed to
contagion. Among all articles of clothing fur is the
most likely to catch and retain morbific exhalations ;
woollen stuffs are more dangerous than cottons, and
cottons than silks. The furs and flannel bands of

the Russians and Poks are strongly condemned by
their own physicians, and yet they are told to keep
i
themselves constantly warm: Their doctors n nume-
rous cases approach the patient in garments pitched
all over, or of oil-skin, carrying phials of chloride,
and holding pastiles in their mouth. We repeat
these facts, not for the sake of inducing alarm, but
to counteract the false confidence which interested
individuals would inspire. The cholera travelled
from Hamburg to Mauritius three thousand miles ;
and under all the circumstances, the advice of the
French philosopher is sound—" Consider every sud-
den death as suspicious, and despise the squabbles
of physicians." The people of Greenland were
once decimated by an epidemic which came to them
from the hottest regions of Asia, and we are there-
fore justified in suggesting that the minds of the
Western nations should not be thrown by unautho-
rised statements, hazarded at random, whether
official or professional, into a state of premature
calm. At any rate, until the contagion has ceased
to crowd the hospitals of St. Petersburgh we may
as well keep a keen leek-out in that quarter.