The Sun.
London, England, 1865-12-07 00:00:00

JOURNALS,

to be trifled with, and they had the good sense not
to provoke a war which might have cost them their
dominions. It was apprehended at the time the
mail left that one chief, the Tongsoo Penlow, might
prove troublesome, but there is no reason to doubt
that he gave his adhesion to the treaty concluded
about a fortnight later by Sir Bartle Frere. As to
the cause of quarrel between us and the Bhooteas,
perhaps not half a dozen persons out of the India-
office could accurately explain it. Under these circum-
stances, then, it is especially satisfactory to learn
that a war which, in any event, must have proved
troublesome and expensive, has come to an end.
Petty wars have at all times this inconvenience an-
nexed to them, that they neither bring profit nor
credit. And this' was particularly the case in re-
spect to the war with Bhootan. The territory of
the enemy, though comparatively small in extent,
was almost inaccessible to an invading force, whilst
the physical difficulties which beset the path of our
troops were enhanced by the pestilential character
of the climate in the lowlands in which they were
compelled to operate. The actual occupation of
Bhootan was, in fact, never contemplated, and
nothing beyond the seizure of the passes communi-
cating with the plains appears to have been intended
by the Indian Government. But although our
operations were confined to the outskirts of the
territory of Bhootan, they were by no means so
successful as, considering our immense superiority,
we might have had reason to expect. On one of
the occasions on which our troops came in collision
With the Bhooteas the former were shamefully
worsted; and although we managed to secure and
hold some of the passes, the occupation of which
was the main object of the war, we did so at a
large cost of human life. Pestilence proved a
powerful ally to the hardy mountaineers, and the
latest accounts from the seat of war told us that
upwards of half our troops were prostrated by sick-
ness. Matters looked gloomy, when, without word
of preparation, the clouds were suddenly dispelled
by the cheering intelligence that hostilities had been
terminated, and a treaty signed between the belli-
gerents which, in its main provisions, recognises and
satisfies the demands of the Indian Government.
Our differences with Bhootan are of long standing,
and it cannot be suggested that the recent hostilities
were undertaken by us with any other object than
that of simply insuring from our neighbours that
respect for the persons and 'property of our fellow-
subjects who live on the confines of Bhootan which
we were fairly entitled to demand. Bhootan is
part of that extensive region which lies between
Bengal and Thibet, and forms a portion of the
declivity of that great alpine chain of which the
latter constitutes the table land. On the south the
country opens by a number of defiles and passes
into the plains of Bengal, and through these passes
alone the communications between the Bhooteas
and Bengalese are necessarily maintained. It is no
matter for surprise that the contiguity of these
plains should have furnished a temptation to
plunder too strong to be resisted, and from time
immemorial the Bhooteas were in the habit of
ravaging the low lands and carrying off cattle,
crops, and prisoners into their mountain fast-
nesses. As British rule extendad in India, it
happened that our territory was carried to the
boundaries of Bhootan. But the Bhooteas had as
little respect for us as for our predecessors, and
before long we found ourselves under the necessity
of addressing reclamations to the Government of
Bhootan. A number of persons living under our
protection had been consigned to captivity, and
property to a considerable amount had been car-
ried off. Negotiations even more protracted and
more unsatisfactory than those with which the re-
cords of European diplomacy have made us familiar
followed. At length the Indian Government de-
cided on sending a special mission to Bhootan.
Mr. Ashley Eden was the envoy selected, and he,
together with his suite, succeeded, after a toilsome
journey, in reaching the capital of Bhootan. His
mission was, however, worse than fruitless; for not
only did the authorities refuse to accede to his de-
mands, but they compelled him, under threats of
imprisonment, to sign a treaty purporting to convey
to the Sovereign of Bhootan a large portion of the
territory which had been the scene of the outrages
for which redress was demanded. This treaty was,
of course, ',repudiated by the Indian Government,
and the insult offered to their envoy, as well as the
persistent refusal of the Bhooteas to liberate their
captives, were made the grounds for an aggressive
war. As the only object of the Indian Government
was to afford protection to those who have become
English subjects, they proposed to annex so much
of the territory of Bhootan as would enable them
to guard against any future inroads. In the late
campaign this object was in part realised, but the
inconvenience of keeping a numerous force stationed
io an unhealthy region exposed to harassing attacks
from the enemy had begun to be seriously felt. It
was therefore decided that the war should be car-
ried into the heart of the country, and such a blow
struck as would satisfy the Bhooteas of the folly of
protracting the war. The threat has proved effi-
cacious without being carried into effect. The peo-
ple of Bhootan know by hearsay, if not by personal
experience, that no native Power has been able to
withstand the prowess of the English arms, and they
have wisely resolved on concluding peace, while the
terms offered are such as impose no serious penalty
for their former misdeeds. Sir Bartle Frere and
the representatives of the Government of Bhootan
have accordingly concluded a treaty which it is rea-
solialSle to -hope will be faithfully observed by the
contracting parties, and which finally disposes of all
pre-existing grievances. The captives will be libe-
rated, a cession of territory will render further out-
rages improbable, if not impossible, and commercial
intercourse between Bhootan and British India will
be established on a satisfactory foundation. The
last-mentioned provision of the treaty we regard as
the most important, since nothing tends so much to
preserve peaceful relations between States as the
sense of mutual advantage which is inspired by com-
mercial ties.

Programme of the Fenians•

We have now in our possession (says the Toronto
Watchman) a portion of the intended programme of
the Fenian modus operandi in reference to Canada,
and hence we are in a position to corroborate Mr.
Perreault's statement as to their intentions of a raid
on Canada at an early day. We are still in com-
munication with a certain party on this subject, and as
soon as we have learned all we can we will give the
public the benefit of our inquiry. In the meantime we
advise the banks to be careful, and place their property
under protection, and officers in command should be care-
ful as to the character of the men who act as sentinels,
as, from our present knowledge, the Fenians calculate on
great things—first, from rebel soldiers in her Majesty's
service, and a smash on the banks will put them, they
think, in possession of extensive funds wherewith
to carry on their plans. Now this is nothing more than
Mr. Perreault hints at, and should not be treated as
mere rumours. Let those who treat them as such bear
the responsibility. Ws are also informed that there are
six hundred Fenians in Toronto, armed to the teeth,
each man having a revolver and a pike, and very many
a rake, waiting for the word of command to imbrue their
hands in the blood of Protestants.
And now let us direct attention to one or two points.
And, first of all, we accuse the Gcvernment of indifference
to this conspiracy. Ample proof is available by them of
hundreds now in Canada being engaged in this plot, and
of being armed with weapons par se intended for no
other purpose than thatof butchering human beings, and
yet no stops are taken. Mr. Michael Murphy can go with
impunity and take part in Fenian conventions, and other
FeniatiS ern boast in our streets of being such—open and
avowed enemies to our Queen and constitution, and there
is no redress. A member of Parliament can stand on the
threshold of a Roman Church in Canada and declare his
sympathy with the Fenian plot, and tell us boldly they
intend takitig Canada during the present winter, and still
the Government is inactive. Is it because some of its mem-
bers are said to fraternise with the Fenians Z Is it possible
that the Upper Canadian Premier and the President of the
Council can wink at these things and in sincerity tell us
1 they prefer British connection ? We shall see.

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