The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAS EVENING, AUGUST 22, 1862,

native—Roma o Morte! "Rome or Death !" The
odds against him now almost seem to declare Death
inevitable—with what consequences we have here
intimated in that other alternative but just now
defined. One consideration, at anyrate, ought, be-
fore it be too late, to stay the hand of every Italian
soldier in the army now directed against GARI-
BALDI by the RATAZZI Government. That consi-
deration being simply, that the Italian soldier by
whose hand GARIBALDI might fall would be branded
for ever in History with an infamy far worse than
that of a fratricide. For in striking down that
Hero and Father of his country he would be guilty
of parricide,

Nothing is more remarkable in the great struggle
now going on in America than its calling forth no
Man of Mark. Hungary gave history her Kos-
SIITH, and latterly, as a Statesman, her DEAR ;
Italy has produced her GARIBALDI and CAVOUR
and our Indian Mutiny furnished its HAVELOCK
and its LAWRENCE, with others hardly inferior.
In North America a war has raged over a vast con-
tinent, and a million of men have been summoned
into the field, and yet not a single man has come
forth whom even Americans would think worthy
of a statue, or likely to be known to posterity ex-
cept as names. Before the effect of the British con-
nection had ceased to act, it had produced in America
men worthy both of England and of her colonies.
FRANKLIN, WASHINGTON, HAMILTON, and even
DCHTA, ,
JEFFERSON, are names that will not be forgotten.
But
SEw
M'CLELLAN, and even the
honest PARREDs;EN SE
the leaders in a struggle
infi-
nitely surpassing in magnitude that of the founders
of independence with the mother country, will be
remembered but as names. Such general yet pre-
tentious mediocrity on such a soul-stirring occa-
sion, is itself more remarkable than any of the
names themselves. It would seem, indeed as if, in
American struggles, the side of independence car-
ried the ability with it. The incorrtletency of the
English Administration and gene!dls in the war of
Independence, and the superior *bility of the rebels
or patriots in America, is mater of historical noto-
riety. And even in this w.r, the side fighting for
independence seems to r onopolise whatever there
is of higher ability JEFFERSON DAVIS and his
General Commanctng-in-Chief, LEE, and his Ame-
rican CRODIWED4`the psalm-singing General"—
STONEWALL JACKSON, are confessedly more likely
to obtain at least an historical baronetage than
any on the other aide. And so, in regard to the
conkst itself. While no one will deny that the
,ause of the South was, originally, utterly inde-
fensible, yet it has been so ably managed, and the
issues have so changed, that it is not easy now
to withhold our sympathy. Even if a villain
escapes cleverly from penal servitude, we somehow
can hardly wish him to be caught again ; and
the success with which the Confederates have
defended themselves, under the greatest difficul-
ties, is doubtless the chief cause of that general
change of feeling towards the South so remarkable
in this country.
The abundant details which followed the tele-
grama last night serve only to confirm the informa-
tion—this time unusually accurate—which they
brought. One correspondent only, so far as we
have observed, writes very hopefully, and professes
to believe that by the time the tropical weather has
ceased the North will be fit for action with over-
whelming forces. It may be so. But, if it be, what
means this universal fleeing from enlistment—the
immense number of steerage passengers from Ame-
rica to Ireland and Europe ?—the " sloping" of
Irishmen, also, for Canada ?—the evasion by every
possible means of liability to serve ? At present
there seems to be a universal stampede to get away
from the drafting, at least on the part of both
natives and aliens of Anglo-Saxon blood. The Ger-
mans, who have been used to tho thing at howc, seem
to be somewhat more contented, and attracted by
the promise of promotion by merit from the ranks ;
but, as the rule, everybody is wishing everybody
but himself to go to the war. We entirely justify
the feeling. It is a war in which the two great
dangers, the enemy and disease, are unusually ter-
rible. And then as to the object, surely all the
less passionate men must see it in a different light
to whakthey once did. While it was thought that
Unionism in the South was a " delicate ARIEL,',
imprisoned by the hateful witch secession, the en-
thusiasm to liberate her was natural and honourable;
but now, when nothing can be clearer than that the
whole South desires independence as one man, it
does seem little short of tyranny to wage with it a
Union war. It can only be a war of conquest and
subjugation. Let them go and welcome, if they all
wish it—must be the feeling of every dispassionate
Northern man—a feeling very adverse to enlist-
ment. He may talk as others talk, to seem patriotic,
but it is another thing to go to the war, when those
who are so lucky as not to be drawn are as averse
to going as he is.

We do not doubt our Government is acting with
all due discretion, but we must think that the time
has come when all the GoVernments of Europe
might at least tako private and unofficial steps to
let the politicians of Washington know what they
really think. It may be a doubtful point what
would be the effect of European recognition of the
South—not military intervention ; but, our diplo-
matists well know that there is such a thing as
taking opportunities to communicate sentiments
which shall have no formal diplomatic weight.
Probably this is done to some extent ; but, looking
at the horrible fighting for which both sides seem
to be preparing themselves afresh, and the conse-
quent probable prolongation of " this unnecessary
and foolish war," as Mr. LINCOLN himself termed
it, for the sake of humanity and commerce, surely
the statesmen of Europe might adopt some friendly
yet decisive Course of action. In two months it
will be too late.

MIND YOUR STOPS !—so the Bishop of OXFORD
bids all his archdeacons to instruct their clergy.
Some of the clergy, however, do not fancy the
Bishop's stops, and think they are not bound to
obey such an "injunction," though the Bishop, pro-
viding against the stops being thought archdia-
conal only, adds that it is to be communicated
" from him as ordinary." But, so reason with them-
selves some of these ungainly clerks, even the
Bishop cannot require us to violate the Act of
Uniformity. We should do so we fear at our peril,
should any one bring us before the dreadful Dr.
LIISHINGTON ; moreover, are we not Englishmen,
although branded with the " indelible orders"—
and may we not kick, if we please, even at a
bishop, if, ultra vires, he bids us pick up a straw
from the ground. To your Prayer-books 0 " curates
and all congregations committed to their charge !"
What part have we in the Son of WILBERFORCE,
Commanding where he Bath no authority to com-
mand ?

With such
hteermeper the rebellion began. Its first
step W..,
_,,
""' °I course,
vih. to work the House of Commons.
That Rouse, ichhjust two hundred years ago passed
with such eager ahstethuoepnhgcoelldesbrated Act of Un i -
form ity. Where
s tot:ilde L the remonstrants go, but
to the successor of
Parliamentt h
the
great
Actof lo 6f 5i 2t
a,
which, by not repealing,
predecessor ? Mr. REl,uty s
EmR was their
HAmi,DEN, and he twice catechised ou
the servants of
the CROWN On the logalit7 of the
Episcopal injanc-

tion, via the Archdeaons, but " from me as ordi-
nary." Neither the Time Secretary nor the Attor-
ney-General, however would vouchsafe him any
satisfactory answer. the courts were open, the
judges were there, let he clergy and their Bishops
" implead one another" But, says the House of
Commons representatis of the recalcitrant clerks,
this will never do. "In the present discreditable
state of the Ecclesiastcal Courts, it is, from the
serious expense and unertainty of the law, almost
impossible for an incunbent to resist an illegal
order of his Bishop ; aid in the majority of cases
the clergy are too por to take the opinion of
counsel." He applies, herefore, to two gentlemen
learned in ecclesiastical aw, and lays the case before
them.

The case is, briefly tlis—the Bishop enjoins the
clergy to make two panes, one in the Litany, the
other in the prayer for al conditions of men, daring
which the congregation " are earnestly desired to
make their humble suppications to Almigtty GOD,
who is the author of pace and lover of colcord,
that he will promote peace among their brettren in
Americo, and inspire their hearts with Christian
unity and fellowship." Lnd the opiniorof Messrs.
A. J. STEPHENS and RICHARD JEBrare requested
in answer to the following pestions :—" Ist.
Whether the Bishop of OXFOZD has a legal right
to enjoin the clergy of his dicese to make the two
pauses specified in the ahoy communication. 23.
Whether the clergy of thediocese of Oxford could
be punished by the laws cclesiastical for disobey-
ing such injunction." A might have been antici-
pated, the answer of tle gentlemen learned in the
law is in ti negative u 4 both these points. The
B ishri) has no legal power to enjoin pauses on
ha clergy, and his clergy could not be punished;
ecclesiastically, for disobeyinghis injunction.
At first sight it might seem a very small matter
to cavil at, when a clerk is only told to take a few
minutes breath—and that, too, for so reasonable an
object as prayer for peace between two nations infu-
riated in a bloody, fratricidal, and unreasonable war.
But, alas ! it is notorious that good objects and the
smallness of the departurefrom law are the common.
pleas, by which abuses creep in—" To do a great
right, do a little wrong"—or as a higher authority
has it—" Let us do evil that good may come."
Now the ~Bishop will surely admit that in Ma
judgment, to violate the Act of Uniformity is a
very " evil" thing. Yet it is clear that if each
Bishop ordered pauses at pleasure they might
render the Church service anything but uniform.
Again, if each Bishop ordered congregational
prayers during these pauses—' The Bishop of A.
might direct a pause to enable his congregations to
pray mentally for the success of the Northern
States, as the supposed champions of anti-slavery;
and the Bishop of B might direct a prayer to be
offered for the success of the Southern States as
needful for the supply of cotton to England. It
cannot be reasonably contended, if this diversity
prevailed, that there would be one uniform order or
form of prayer in accordance with the Act of Uni-
formity. The common prayer of the Church can-
not be made up of special diocesan intercessions
suggested by the ordinaries of the respective
dioceses, as expressive of their individual senti-
ments."

There is, indeed, no possible evasion of the fact
that the Act of Uniformity was avowedly designed
to prevent all diversity not only of creed but of
the mode and manner of worship. Sir JOHN
NICHOL, in strict harmony with the act says :
" The law directs that a clergyman is not to dimi-
nish in any respect, or to add to the prescribed
form of worship ; uniformity in this respect is one
of the leading and distinguished principles of the
Church of England ; nothing is left to the discre-
tion and fancy of the individual. If every minister
were to alter, omit, or add, according to his own
taste, this uniformity would soon be destroyed, and
though the alteration might begin with little
things, yet it would soon extend itself to more
important changes in the public worship of the
Established Church." If indeed, the Bishop of
OXFORD'S injunction were legal then "in the 40
dioceses of England and Ireland every possible diver-
sity might be introduced in case the several bishops
should think proper to direct similar pauses, but
with different objects, to be introduced in different
parts of the pubtic services."
It seems, therefore, very clear that the clergy are
organs of the Act of Uniformity not of the Bishop ;
and that the Act, not the Bishop, must regulate their
stops. He can keep them to the terms of the Act,
but he cannot introduce Quaker worship into what
was definitely fixed two hundred years ago. While
the Act lasts clergymen must stand and kneel, turn
to the East or to the congregation, speak and cease
to speak by the rules of CHARLES ll.'s Long Parlia-
ment ; there is literally no help for it. It is not
our business to argue whether all this ought to be
so or not, it is so. The Act passed at the instigation
of Bishop WILBERFORCE'S predecessors in 1662,
and passed to eject the celebrated two thousand,
will equally eject bishops who cannot abide by its
restraints. Methodists, Dissenters, Catholics we
believe, all the voluntary Churches, may pray as
they please--the Church of England, whatever the
orders of so great a man as the Bishop of OXFORD,
can Only use the Parliamentary prayer. It cannot
even pause in the service to use a bishop's prayer,
although that prayer may be for "peace on earth."

IHER MAJESTY'S DEPARTURE FOR THE CONTI-
NENT.—The Royal yacht Victoria and Albert is expected
to arrive off the Terrace• pier, Gravesend, on Monday next,
for the purpose of embarking her Majesty and suite, for the
Continent. The arrangements for the embarkation will be
carried out under the direction of Commodore-Superinten-
dent Sir F. W. C. Nicolson, a flag-officer of the port, but
no preparation of a public nature will be made by the cor-
poration of Gravesend for the recsrtion of her Majesty.
The Black Eagle, Admiralty steam yacht, having been
under extensive alterations and repairs during the past six
months, at this yard, will be out of the hands of the work-
men to-morrow, and she is ordered to proceed to Ostend on
Tuesday next with her Majesty's carriage and luggage.
FUNERAL OF MR. F. W. COLLARD.—AIa incident
of a very interesting nature took place yesterday at the
Kensall-green Cemetery, on the occasion of the interment
of the late Mr. Frederic Wakefiled Collard, the eldest son
of Mr. Collard, the eminent pianoforte manufacturer. The
whole of the emplo3eB in his father's establishment, num-
bering nearl3 500 persons, assembled at the cemetery to
follow his remains to their last resting-place, a mournful
but heart-soothing gratification to his sorrowing and be-
reaved parents and family.
THE INTERNATIONAL ExinsmoN.—The visitors
to the building yesterday, up to 5 c'clock, were 57,991, of
which 6,141 were by season tickets, and 52,847 by shilling
payments. The long-promised singing machine which
was expected in the Austrian Court has at last arrived at
the Exhibiticn, And:will be placed for public performance
either in the course of io-day or to-morrow. If it sings in
behalf of Lancashire, its receipts are likely to be double, or
even treble, the sums now daily raised for the same purpose
by the benevolent build nch in the Swiss Court.
THE ENGLISH SHOOTING SEASON.—From what
we can learn from game preservers there are likely to be
but few young partridges, for during the early part of the
breeding season many died from disease, and the late-laid
eggs were in several instances left unhatched, and barren
birds were more frequently seen than ever remembered in
any previous summer. There will be a fair show of phea-
sants and plenty of hares. It must be impossible for any
one to say what game is upon the lands while the crops are
standing, and as the harvest is late sportsmen will find it
necessary to defer the shooting for a week or a fortnight.—
Bury Post.

THE CABMEN'S GRIEVANCES.—A general meeting
of the cab drivers in the Westminster and Pimlico district
was held last night at the Cabmen's Club-room, Victoria-
street, Westminster, for the purpose of appointing four
delegates, to co-operate with the other districts in obtaining
a revision of the Hackney Carriage Act. The meeting,
which was very enthusiastic, did not separate until after
midnight,

LATES r NEWS.

STATE OF SIEGE IN ITALY.

TURIN, AUG, 21.

The Official Gazette of to-day publishes a decree
proclaiming a state of siege in Sicily, and nominat-
ing General Cugia Extraordinary Commissioner.
General Cugia has issued the following procla-
mation :

" Sicilians! Notwithstanding the word of the
King, the vote of the Parliament, and the forbear-
ance of the Government, in giving time to the
deluded people to return to their duty, the armed
bands of Garibaldi continue to occupy an important
town. The rebellion is thus declared, and the
Government has resolved to put an end to this state
of things, so compromising for the destinies of
Italy. Every armed band or tumultuous meeting
will be dissolved by force.

" The liberty of the press is suspended. The
commanders of the troops of the divisions of
Palermo, Messina, and Syracuse will assume both
civil and military powers."
The Discussione of to-day publishes a telegram
announcing that the en try of Garibaldi into Catania
took place without any conflict, the city being
denuded of troops.

The same paper mentions a rumour that Gari-
baldi will soon embark.

TURIN, AUG. 22.

The Discussione asserts that General Cialdini has
been uppuiuted Civil and Military Chief of Sicily,
with all the powers necessary for maintaining the
state of siege.
It is believed that Admiral Persano will assume
the command of the fleet.

PARIS, AUG. 22.

The Constitutionnel of to-day publishes an article
which, after declaring that the French flag will not
recede before any menaces, says :
" But to crush the foots who would not stop
before the flag which has given freedom to Italy
might be a painful necessity imposed by honour,
but it would not be a solution.

"The military question would not settle the
political question."

PORTUGAL.
(Per Tartar, via Southampton.)

LISBON, AUG. 17.

It is expected that the Royal marriage will take
place in September, so that the attendant festivities
may be over before the anniversary of the death of
the late King.

His Majesty has ordered a pleasure yacht to be
built in England.
The Palace of Ajuda will be the future residence
of the King, and is being fitted up at great expense.
The Marquis do Soule has been appointed to pro-
ceed to Turin, to accompany the Princess Maria to
Portugal.

The Prince de Carignan will be in attendance on
the part of Sardinia.
The Diario has officially conveyed the thanks of
the Government to Messrs. Knowles and Foster and
the Councillor de Brito for their satisfactory nego-
tiation of the Loan.

The negotiation of the Loan has strengthened
the hands of the Ministers.

Tumults have occurred in the island of Fayal re-
specting the taxation. The Government is about to
increase the military force there.
Exchange on London rising, at 90 days', 531;
on Paris, 530; Genoa, 525; Rentes, 47 to 47x;
Coupons, 47i; ditto, Deferred, 441; Bank of Por-
tugal Shares, 251; Bank of Oporto, 258 to 260.

THE PENINSULAR MAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, AUG. 22.

The screw steamship Tartar, from Lisbon the 17th
inst., has arrived. She brings 20 passengers and
900 packages of merchandise.