The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-20 00:00:00

Yr. Ruskin on Art.

Mr. Ruskin delivered a lecture at the Working
Men's College, Great Ormond-street, on Saturday
evening, to a large number of students of that esta-
blishment. The lecturer introduced his subject by
disclaiming all intention of delivering a formal lec-
ture on the matter which he had chosen for his text
—Art. He had come there to see them, and to have
a friendly chat, and it would be the students' fault
if they allowed him to have all the talk to himself.
His visits to the college had not been so frequent as
he could have wished. This was owing to various
causes, but chiefly to illness, and, he was bound to
confess, to idleness also. It might, perhaps, be for-
tunate for the students that his visits were few, for
he confessed that there was much more important
business on their hands than drawing. This was a
critical time in the history of the country, and the
matters to which men had to give their minds were
of a more serious kind than painting. It was the
difference between going out in a lifeboat and going
out to Venice on a tour. Workmen were being
upset in their lifeboat, and their fellows were strug-
gling, and clinging to the oars in a rough sea; and
the proper time to speak of art and to listen to him
would be when they had got into the lagoons.
He would congratulate them, however, on the pro-
gress they had made under the guidance of their
teachers—men who, he thought, were much better
qualified than himself to teach them. After advising
the students to follow the advice of their teachers,
the lecturer proceeded to criticise the condition of
art in this country, and drew a not very flattering
he s
ha
ai id,
ourwas
Tg
he ta tmi ne ga
picture of its progress. Art,
ignoble as well as noble. True we
' embankment, but we were marring its beauty by
putting a railway under it. We had gas-meters
that blew up. and chimneys that blew down. No
doubt, when we had done our best, it was very pro-
voking to be criticised, but he was naturally a
grumbler, and he had come there to grumble. Com-
petition was the great curse of England, for eompe-
tition would keep anyone from excelling in any
graceful thing or any subtle thing. It was not the
• love of money,-o,4vas rrAkihP love of gain, that
prompted commercial men of the present age to
sacrifice beauty to mere mechanical detail. They
were like pigs grubbing for roots. It was the love
of getting more roots than their fellow-pigs. Now,
in matters of art it was impossible for any man to
compete with another, and the only thing a man
could do was to make the best use of the gifts given
to him, instead of borrowing and trying to imitate
the gifts of others. In everyone there was that
which made imitation impossible. And in this lay
the true source of independence, for independence
was the developing of our own gifts and depending
on those above us. This did not destroy indivi-
duality, for individuality was like a link in the chain
which bound all together. Neither could there be
true competition where equality did not exist, and
the whole virtue of competition depended on the
competitors being equally matched. Every man was
made for a certain duty, and what man was made
for that he must remain, and it was by looking to

higher things that excellence could be achieved.
There was a kind of pleasurable competition, how-
ever, that had a real good about it, for it had the
effect of trying the strength and giving the
necessary quantity of excitement to enable us
to get on ; but the pleasure depended on its
being a trial of brotherly skill, in which the de-
sire of the antagonist's success should predominate.
Again, as only men can compete with equals, se also
can they compete only with equal things. All intelli-
lectual work - becomes a fellowship, and anything
contrary was entirely mechanical, and thus compe-
tition drove men into the mechanical part of art.
Great artists, said the lecturer, were altogether ig-
norant of what they could do. Anyone could tell
which was the better of two clever drawings ; but
of two clever ideas it was not any one who could
tell which was the cleverest. The lecturer then pro-
ceeded to give an example of the degradation of
which art was capable by referring to a piece of
work, exhibited some time ago, in which the feathers
of an eagle were modelled with extreme care, each
feather being separate, the work occupyinc, three

years in its completion. Three hours at the Zoo-
logical Gardens would enable thelecturer to produce
a better picture than the one to which he had re-
ferred, and which bad been cast in bronze or some
patent metal. This love of pains, acting with all
the other evil tendencies of the age, produced a de-
graded art, and in following out the mere dexterity
of the finger the workman was losing all sense of
beauty. In all great art there should be the draw-
ing of the hand, of intellect, and of passion. It
grieved him to say that much of this state of things
was owing not only to the false taste of the public,
but to the competition which existed between artists
and between workmen, and from which even Turner
himself was not wholly free. He declared that the
three days preceding the annual opening of the Rcyal
Academy were days of shame, for there might be
seen artists of merit trying to out-colour one
another by the power of vermillion. Mr. Ruskin
asserted that he had never seen the portrait of a
beautiful English girl ; and while there were
such noble and lovely creatures in England we
were content to have mere vulgar representatives of
them. Beauty was sacrificed to prettiness. The
lecturer then proceeded to compare the state of
art in this country with that of ancient Greece,
and for that purpose exhibited two drawings of
ancient coins of the towns of Camarina and
Tarentum. Comparing these with our latest
coin issued, he drew attention to the high ex-
cellence of the one as a work of art and to the
degraded and utterly unmeaning character of the
other. The Greeks, by a perfect system of sym-
bols, told the history of their respective towns,
while we were content to have Britannia deified,
and not knowing what to give her for a seat we had
placed a shield to cover the defect. In order to
characterise the commercial nature of the country
we used a ship and a lighthouse, and stoleNeptnne's
trident to symbolise our power over the sea, After
touching on various subjects, in the course of which
he questioned the value of the Crystal Palace as an
educational agency, and alluded to the self-glorifi-
cation of the London, Chatham, and Dover Rail-
way Company, the lecturer concluded by advising
the students to refrain from all desire of competi-
tion, and to get 'what good they could from their
fellow-men, but above all to watch themselves, for
progress
mind
grewcoualnild only be
the mbaoddey byg watchingrew. how the
be

GRAND HOTEL AT CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK.
—We learn from the Daily News that Mr. Hiram Cranston,
the proprietor of the New York Hotel, has lately pur-
chased the block of ground bounded by Fifth Avenue,
Fifty-ninth-street, Madison Avenue, and Sixtieth-street,
for the purpose of erecting a magnificent hotel. This is
at the Fifth Avenue entrance to the Central Park, and
beyond question the most desirable location that can now
be found for such an enterprise. The building will pro-
bably excel any hotel building in this country or in
Europe in magnificence and in extent of its dimensions.
It is proposed to expend about two million dollars, includ-
ing tho price paid for the land.
[ADVERTISEMENT.] - Dyspepsia (indigestion), constipa-
tion, debility, consumption, mil all nervvrouhaa,i,ebhialhilosanods,bdseitaeonrmrhach,
and liver complaints in every stage, are only aggravated and
accelerated by drugs of every descriptgtihoeniebavTatoicitpeatrrafrectBl,yrcaocbuliaersix-.
ihreruitm,b,itiiism,
y, nervousness,ce%
Food,able by
as
provedD üßa Barry's 'tsh :Itleiirialntdhs- roefs
casestol rpi
hn:
Con-
sidered hopeless, such as-cough, asthma,
bremorrholds, liver complaints, flatulency,
ndaethei,6ldee;Pblielist4;,
niibwnuti biliousness,
nes
vszn:eic,sdrnsit,toi
eruption:,
.8:c:8:flair:is:
p,
hysteria,t:sitci
aeci head
otnh .ronalatietei sucia,rreatdabl
neuralgia,
n , h
dropsy, cramp?, spasms, nausea and sickness,
preg-
nancy or at sea, sinking fits, bronchi%
the chest, pains in the pit
of the . , scrofula, lightness of
shou'ders, fie. We vote a few : &mall and between the
Roberts, timber merchant,
of
v.--:Cure No. 46,276. AI r James
dh.cased lungs, spitting of blood, I;
rmil-y, Surrey, of 30 years'
par-
tial dcatness.—Cure No.
4712 zee derangement, an ,1
1. Miss Elizabeth Jacob of ex-
treme nervousness, indigestion,
nervous fancies. -Cure
1,,,:0 ion, gather:ngs; low spirit', and
Beat. ot M'atertird, of ma 1,771. lord Stuart de Lech 8, lord
Fifty po:as' years' dyspepsia.
ddysspeps;.aa.,--feNrfo.uarn,cBB,2s:
h.ldeser i b a b 1 e agony n 3
utlima, cough, constipation, flatulency,y
spasms,repssick,,ess, and
eveng°inuini
v_oruiting—Karla July.—Cure No. 51,9 le. The Rev. James
T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpid-
ity ot the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment.
In tins, 1 lb., 2s. 9d.; 21b., 4s. 6d ; 51b., lis. ; 121 b., 225. ; 241 b.
330,-
Close ;
408.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London;
also Phillips, tea dealers, 9, King William-street ; likewi e
at 61, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 49, Bishopsgatc-
stre:t Within ; 63, 150, and 208,0axrvfoeryd,-sxtroetettin3.lll ; Strand
;
54, Upper Baker-street ; 103, Tottenham-court-road ; 96,
Upper-street, Islington, N.; n
Brothers, et, High-street ; and Stubbs. Queen's-terrace, St.
John's-wcod, London ; and all respectable grocer's and che-
, mists.—Beware of osseous Imitations.

,4 * > '
ed:, ftlkr
If

LONDON; MONDAY, NOV. 20, 1865.

The public will turn with interest to the supple-
ment to the London Gazette, which contains a de-
spatch from Governor EYRE to Mr. CARDWELL on
the rebellion in Jamaica. So much attention has
naturally becn paid of late to this subject that any-
thing of a decidedly authentic nature will be sure to
attract notice. The commencement of the sad
affair was the disturbance made by a body of
negrocs to rescue a black man when he was on his
trial. The arrival of the police at the spot, where
they expected to apprehend these disturbers of the
peace, was the signal for a regular outbreak, and
thbo despatch states that " a shell was blown, and the
210 groes collected in large numbers, armed with guns,
cutlasses, pikes, and bayonets." Such a display as
this showed that there was a predetermined purpose
Ili the matter, and that far more was in view than a
mere retaliation for real or imaginary aevances
and insults of a minor character. The Governor
details his plans for the suppression of the Insur-
rection, and it must be admitted that they were
quite as good as could reasonably be expected
lender the pressure of such adverse circumstances,
.and such an unexpected emergency. The details
which are given of the proceedings of the negroes
axe as fearful as can be well be imagined, and,
indeed, surpass all that those not acquainted with
the ferocity of the race when incensed could picture
to themselves. The most decisive measures were
adopted from the outset in dealing with
the miscreants, and of five prisoners who
were on board the Wolverine four were hanged.
Besides those who met frightful deaths, and who
were injured by the savage attacks of the insurrec-
tionists, it is dreadful to contemplate the sufferings
and privations which were borne by many in their
precipitate sight. Refugees, numbering among
them ladies and children,suC
succeeded in getting on
board a gunboat at Port liorant, and they had en-
dured many perils and privations on their way
thither. Without food and with little clothing,
these unfortunate beings e suffered
great hardships
and ran great risks, hiding for days together in the
-woods, and encountering the evils of passing nights
in exposure in the tropics." Under these circum-
stances it can easily be imagined what miseries
these passengers had to endure, and although
most fortunate so far in getting on board and after-
-wards in landing in safety, their hurried flight, and
:its connecting circumstances, are not likely soon to
33e forgotten.

An Important point on which he had to act with
-.prompt decision is explained by the Governor with
reference to the course adopted in the case

of Mr. G. W. GORDON. it appeared from
many things which transpired that this
individual was not only mixed up in the
matter, but " was himself, through his own misre-
presentations and seditious language addressed to
the ignorant black people, the chief cause and
origin of the whole rebellion." It became impera-
tively necessary, therefore, to decide at once on the
policy to be adopted with respect to this man, and
all must acknowledge that he has met with his
deserts. Nothing but stern decision and severe
rendering of justice can avail at such a crisis as the
one referred to, and the offended majesty of the
law must be vindicated in every possible manner.
It was stated by many persons that if Mr. GORDON
were dealt hardly by a general outbreak would be
the consequence ; but Government very wisely con-
sidered that it was right and fitting, since the poor
men who had been misled suffered condign punishment
that the chief instigator should not escape. "I at
once took upon myself the responsibility of his
capture," writes he, and he deserves great credit for
so doing. The Governor thinks that a great part
of the evil is due to the letter of Dr. UNDER-
HILL, and to the meetings which were held
in consequence of that letter. The people were
told that " they were tyrannised over and ill-
treated, were overtaxed, were denied political
rights, had no just tribunals, were misrepresented
to her Majesty's Government by the authorities and
planters," and exciting and seditious language was
constantly used; and, finally, the people were " told
plainly to right themselves, to be up and doing, to
put their shoulders to the wheel, to do as the
Haytians had done, and other similar advice.°
It is indeed not to be wondered at that under such
sinister influences these ignorant men should have
been misled, but no language can be too severe
which censures their instigators. They
.were guilty
of the crime of murder in its most revolting form
and under the most cowardly attributes, for nothing
is so base or contemptible as to incite others to the
commission of deeds of violence and outrages at
which humanity shudders. General EYRE mentions
those to whose agency and influence he attributes
the baneful course that has been pursued, and they
comprise members of the Baptist persuasion and
political demagogues, who, having "no character
or property to lose, make a trade of exciting the ig-
norant people," a few persons of education,
who find it to be their interest to ac-
quire an influence over the black people by
stimulating their evil passions, some Baptist mis-
sionaries, and, lastly, a section of the press which
" disseminates seditious doctrines and endeavours
to bring into contempt the representative of the
SOVEREIGN and all constituted authority." The
General adds, that while it is his duty to point out
" how mischievous has been the influence of a few
of the Baptist ministers, or of various members of
that persuasion, it is equally his duty and a pleasure
to have to state that he believes the large majority
of the Baptist ministers have been most anxious to
support the authorities and to teach their people
to be loyal and industrious." There is great truth
in the remarks made in that passage of
the despatch which alludes to the "just severity"
which has been exercised as a "merciful substitute
for the much larger measure of punishment which
would have had to be executed had the rebellion
been allowed time to gather head and extend itself."
There can be no greater mistake made in such cases
than for the authorities to pursue a timorous course,
and, in the present state of affairs in Jamaica,
nothing but the adoption of the most vigorous mea-
sures are likely to prevent further trouble and
future sufferings for all parties. If anything
could add to the iniquity of the conduct
of these insurrectionists, it would be the
consideration of the needlessness of their
discontent, and the utter groundlessness of their
complaints. The blame chiefly rests with those who
incited the blacks, but nothing can exculpate them
for giving heed to the seditious doctrines that were
broached to them. It is greatly to be regretted that
any one in this country should have gone so far as to
palliate the crimes committed by the insurrec-
tionists in Jamaica, and to declare that it is all
owing to their mismanagement. In the first place,
that would be no excuse for crime ; and, secondly,
the argument is untenable, because in reality the
negro in that island is in manyrespects a most fortu-
nate individual, and possesses many advantages which
the inhabitants of this country in the lower ranks
do not enjoy. The Colonial Government will have
a difficult task before them, but if they display
firmness, judgment, and moderation where
possible, there will be no doubt as to the
result; and it is to be hoped that the sum-
mary justice which has overtaken the ring-
leaders will be a warning to the negroes, and there
will be no further appearance of the insurrectionary
tendencies which have occasioned so much disaster,
but which have, fortunately, been checked more
speedily than we had reason to expect, judging *of
the extent of the evil.

The Africa, from Boston, brings us news from
New York up to the 9th inst. It seems that active
efforts are being made on behalf of JEFFERSON
DAVIS, a sign that the violence and animosity of
the first days of peace have died out among the
great body of the people. The advocates of the
illustrious prisoner think that there is ground for
hope both in the known clemency of the Presi-
dent and the improved temper of the Northern
public generally. The Georgia Convention and the
Mississippi Legislature have alike petitoned the PRE-
SIDENT for pardon on his behalf, while a
deputation of Baltimore ladies have obtained
an interview with Mr. JOHNSON to ask for
the Executive clemency for JEFFERSON
DAVIS. Coming from a city of such importance,
and one, too, which cannot be regarded as exclu-
sively Southern in its position or character, the de-
putation is not unimportant. The President, in his
reply, said that he regretted the national character
of the question restrained all private sympathy
which
he might feel, and he added that arrange-
ments were concluded for the early legal trial of
Mr. DAVIS. We must hope that when this form
has
a been
h e
gone through, and the President has made
h appears to consider a necessary concession
w
to the anti-Southerners, he will
as
se
his
sble
own
indulge what we may regard
inclination, and, by a gracious exercise of
the Presidential prerogative, release one of the
most eminent as he is certainly one of the most
high-minded and magnanimous of the victims of
the civil war.

It seems that the Fenians have adjourned their
" Senate" in New York after a two months' ses-
sion, and the reports of the Fenian excitement, in
Canada are said to have been exaggerated. The
Toronto papers, indeed, treat the movement alto-
gether with derision, though the Orangemen are
arming to resist them. The Republicans have ob-
tained a decided majority in New Jersey, while in
New York, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, and Min-
nesota, the Republic State Ticket has been elected.
The ratification of the constitutional amendment
is considered certain in New Jersey, but in
Mississippi there have been conflicts between the
whites and the negroes. It is to be hoped that
great vigilance will be exercised by those in autho-
rity in the various Southern States, lost the foam-

ticism of the blacks in Jamaica should have ex-
tended itself to the freedmen of the South. Ad-
vices had been received from Jamaica before the
Africa left, so that we may hope the intelligence from
that quarter will inspire caution.
The Georgia Convention have repudiated the
rebel debt, a fact which on national grounds is
to be regretted. The conduct of the Americans
with regard to their national debts is being
closely watched, and there is more at Stake than
a mere question of dollars. The credit of a vast
community isinvolved, and nations, like individuals,
suffer more by the loss of credit than by any out-
lay of money. There is one satisfaction in
the case—the Northern debt is principally due to
Americans, and therefore there is not so much reason
to fear that they will allow the stigma of repudia-
tion to be attached to their country.

Considerable excitement has just been created
among the members of the Metropolitan District
Boards by a movement on the part of her
MAJESTY'S Government, which threatens their in-
dependence, and indeed their existence. It is not
very often in these days that our Ministers are
accused of excessive legislation, or of officious in-
terference with our social arrangemgnts. They are
usually more inclined to that easy inaction which is
less likely to create violent opposition, even if also
likely to secure good government, than the energetic
attempt to reform abuses and uproot corruption. It
is true that a year or two ago Sir GEORGE GREY drew
upon himself the wrath and independence of the
citizens of London by his design of bringing the
control of the City police force under the same
chiefs as the general body ; but this measure prov-
ing very unwelcome, was ultimately abandoned.
Now, however, the scheme concerns all the districts
of the metropolis, since it is proposed to centralise
or consolidate all the local municipal boards. In
the course of last session a motion was made for the
appointment of a commission to investigate the
working of the Local Management Act, and in the
debate which ensued the Home Secretary appeared
to favour the views of Sir W. FRASER, the mover.
No more was however heard of it until very recently,
when Sir GEORGE GREY had addressed a communi-
cation to the Chairman of the Metropolitan Board
of Works, asking for any suggestions or observa-
tions that its members might wish to make " on
the subject of the proposed consolidation of district
municipal boards in the metropolis." This an-
nouncement has created consternation and anger
throughout the several district boards who have
as yet become acquainted with it. It has, in
fact, excited one of those storms of unani-
mous public displeasure which the strongest
English Ministry generally finds it difficult
to disregard. The vestries and boards and other
local authorities are often laughed at; but, however
imperfect their pi actice, the principle upon which
they are founded is one which the people of this
country especially value, the principle of self-govern-
ment and independent legislation. The Boards, no
doubt, often come short in the discharge of their
duties, and there might be advantages in the unity
and promptness secured by a central authority, but
consolidation has a dangerous and unwelcome sound,
and the present boards are the actual represen-
tatives of each district, whatever their ab-
surdities or shortcomings. The Government
work is not always so well done, the
purely routine and mechanical portion of it is
not always discharged with so much accuracy, that
we should be inclined to extend its area so conside-
rably. The opposition to the measure is likely
to be a very strong and general one, several of
the boards having already assembled to express their
views on the matter. The two great parishes of
St. Pancras and Alarylebone have unmistakeably
declared that they will resist it to the utmost. One
of the members of the former announced that he
believed that Sir G. GREY did not intend to wait for
a commission, but would, as soon as Parliament
assembled, bring in a measure which would annihi-
late the various vestries and district boards. Mr.
S. TAYLOR, in making that remark, observed that
the opposition which he and a few others had given
to the measure had been very coldly seconded
at the meetings of the Metropolitan
Board, but it is very evident there will
be a formidable opposition in the different
districts. There seems indeed no valid reason why
so unusual a disturbance of our constitutional
arrangements should be made. As for the com-
plaints about the gas it is urged with a good deal of
truth that the fault in that particular lies with
Parliament in giving the companies so great a
monopoly. When a district is forced to burn one
kind of gas only it is hardly fair for critics to
censure its management of the lighting of the streets.
The same remark applies in some parts to the
state of the paving, since the gas and water com-
panies seem to like the pleasure of pulling it up and
putting it down again, declining to use the sub-
way. The local bodies need a reform, and must
look to their laurels, seeking more the general good
of the public than local advantages or petty interests.
But the grand principle of municipal self-govern-
ment is not to be lightly meddled with, and Sir
GEORGE GREY may be sure that the public will
watch with great suspicion any attempt to introduce
the thin edge of the wedge, and to transform con-
stitutional into despotic government, even in such
small matters as lighting and paving.

ST. JAMES'S HALL.—Professor Anderson continues
his invitations to all the public schools and institu-
tions in the metropolis, and sets apart a portion of the hall
every Saturday afternoon for their accommodation at the
special day representation. On Saturday all the boys and
girls from St. Martin's-in-the-Fields School were present,
and the hall was crowded to excess. The combined at-
tractions of Anderson, Alaccabe, and the great Giant, with
his Liliputian company, seemed to give universal satis-
faction.

MR. AND MRS. CHARLES DEAN.—We regret to
hear from Chicago that on the 31st ult. Mrs. Kean
had been very ill for a week, suffering from chills and fever,
a common complaint at Chicago. It was hoped and expected
she would appear as Queen Katherine for her benefit, on
Nov. 3. They were to play one more night there (Saturday,
Nov. 4), and then commence at Detroit on the Bth, after
which they proceed to Cleveland, Columbus, St. Louis,
Louisville, Memphis, New Orleans, Mobile, Richmond,
Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, Albany,
and Boston. They then'proceed to New York, and take a
farewell benefit at the Academy of Music on the 16th of
April, sailing for England on the 18th of April, 1866.
Era.

We have to announce the death of Major David
Lester Richardson, who was for many years the proprietor
and editor of the Court Circular, having resigned hisposition
only last week. Major Richardson was born in the year
1801, and had seen long service in India. He was also well
known to the literary world, first as the editor of the
Bengal Hurkaru, and subsequently as the author of many
scientific and literary works.
METROPOLITAN FREE HOSPITAL, DEVONSHIRE-
6,
EkNfl
regimentßi
G5111n3 Fit oatAhfr Net Iv'
sQtrAnE, CITY.--The aggregate number of patients relieved
during the week ending Nov. 18 was—medical, 872; sur-
he
gical,
service,
rci
HARVEST.—Enormous
esuBT:utE.
hra_wai
unfortunate
Tic
iesireceivedfitnew cases.
asssahtsub-officer
hbiodnra: having
com-
pleted ofr-
rgpEeil ueemTal: leaelidiHin6bEEh6uwlirs:Hitt' IhteE:Utvl nh!ißlosp,
herrings have been taken in Ayr bay. On Saturday ono
boat had nearly 20,000 herrings ; on Monday about 10,000;
and on Wednesday another boat had about 20,000. Other
boats also got large hauls. The herrings sell at about
2s. 6d. per hundred.—Ayr Advertiser.
A LITTLE IMPEDIMENT.—A speaker at one of the
Colston dinners at Bristol, alluding to his constant atten-
dance at a particular charity, boasted that he had through
a long series of years never been absent but once or twice,
when he " wag stopped by death or some little thing of
the sort 1"

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

..--.. *

GREECE.
THE GREEK MINISTRY.
ATHENS, Nov. 15.
The following are the members of the Ministry
formed by M. Bulgaris :
Bulgaris...

Kallergis

Kristopoules
Candriotos

Drassos .

Papanicolopulos
Antoriopulos ...

... President of the Ministry
and Minister of the

Interior.

War.

ForeigA Affairs.
Public Worship.

Finance.

Justice.

Marine.

RESIGNATION OF THE BULGARIS.
MINISTRY.

ATHENS, Nov. 17, 4 p.m.

The Ministry has demanded the prorogation or
dissolution of the Chamber. The King refused,
and the Ministry tendered its resignation.
Great popular excitement prevails.

FRANCE.

PARIS, Nov. 20.

M. Boudet has been appointed First Vice-Presi-
dent, and Ferdinand Baron Secretary, of the

Senate.

BOURSE, Nov. 18.—Two o'Clock.—The opening
took -place at yesterday's prices, but the market has
since improved, and quotations now show an ad-
vance. Threes, for the Account, arc at 68f. 47ic.
—an advance of 123-c. Italian Fives are quoted
at 65f. 17c., with an improvement of sc. The ad-
vance on Credit Mobilier Shares is 5f., and Spanish
Mobiliers 2f. 50c. In the Railway Department
the augmentation is, on Saragossa Bf. 75c., and on
Austrian Shares 2f. 50c. Lyons, Southern, and
North of Spain show no variation. Lombard have
a further decline of 2f. 50c.—at 390 fr. These Shares
have been quoted as low as 386 f. 25c. English
Consols have regained the per cent. lost yesterday.
discount list comprises 400 Mobiliers, 75 Saragossa,
25 Eastern, 25 Southern, and 25 Suez. Three
o'Clock.—The market left off as follows :-
41 per Cents 96 75
Do. end month —

Ditto Threes —
Roman 74 50
Mexican Loan 49 50

3 per Cents. 6B 60
Do. end month 6B 521

Credit Mobilier B6B 75
Do. end month 867 60
Bank Shares 8725

Do. Bonds 325
Russian -
Austrian
Spanish Threes 42 25
Homo Debt
Deferred

Credit Foncier 1325
Italian Loan 65 15
Do. end month 65 15

WAYS.
Cash. Acct.
822 50

Orleans
Northern
Lyons and Mediterranean.
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona
Roman

- ... 1100 -
- - ~. 825 -

- - ... 535 -
- - ... 518 75
- - ... 208 75
- - . 411 25
_ - ... 390 -

- - ... 178 75
- ... 217 50

160

ITALY.
OPENING OF THE ITALIAN PARLIAMENT.
FLORENCE, Nov. 18.

King Victor Emmanuel opened the session of the
new Parlia7ment in person to-day and delivered the
following speech : •
" When I opened Parliament in the city which
was the first guardian of Italy's destinies, I always
spoke words of encouragement and hope, and my
words have always been followed by prosperous
events.

"It is with the same confidence that I speak
to you here, where• we shall also be able to van-
quish all obstacles for the complete vindication
of our autonomy. My Government welcomed,
from deference to the Papacy and for the satisfac-
tion of the religious interests of the majority of the
population, the proposals for negotiations which it
broke off when it judged that they might be preju-
dicial to the rights of the Crown and of the nation.
" Time and the force of events will solve the ques-
tions pending between Italy and the Papacy. We
must remain faithful' to the Convention of Septem-
ber, which France will completely carry out within
the appointed time. Henceforth it will be easy to
wait ; the situation has much improved."
The King then alluded to the good relations
existing between Italy and the Powers of Europe
and North and South America, and spoke of
the recognition of Italy by Spain, Bavaria, and
Saxony. His Majesty continued :
"The Latin nations, united by fresh ties, are ac-
quiring a community of interests and aspirations
with the noble peoples of Germany, thus causing
ancient prejudices and rancours to disappear.
" Italy will take her place among the great States
of Europe, co-operating in the triumph of justice
and liberty. (Applause.)
" Liberty has produced favourable results at
home ; the administration, public works, the laws,
and the army, have been assimilated with results
which in other countries have required the work of
generations. This is a good augury for the future.
" The Ministry will bring forward bills to com-
plete the assimilation of the laws of the kingdom
and others relating to the education of the poorer
classes, the improvement of the public credit, and
the execution of works of public utility. The prin-
cipal difficulty is to bring about an equilibrium of
the finances without impairing the organisation of
the military and naval forces. It is painful to me
that fresh sacrifices must be asked of my people,
but its patriotism will not be found wanting. We
shall divide the taxes as equitably as possible, re-
ducing at the same time the public expenses as much
as lies in our power.

" Italy must free herself from the ruins of the
past. You will deliberate upon the separation of
the Church and State, and the suppression of the
religious bodies. (Applause.)
" Nothing will destroy the national work. A
complete change is taking place among the peoples
of Europe. The future belongs to God. If fresh
combats should become inevitable, the sons of Italy
will rally around me. (Applause.)
" If the force of civilisation prevails, the wisdom
of the nation will know how to profit by it in order
to maintain intact the rights and the honour of
Italy. We must advance frankly in the path of
the national policy, and we are certain of your con-
currence.

" Confiding in the affection of my people and the
valour of the army, I will not fail in the great work
which we must transmit completed to our descen-
dants."