The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-14 00:00:00

ROYAL LYCEI7M THEATRE.
g-
This Evenin, withTHE'DAY. Followed by KILLAR-
NEY. Conclude with COLLEEN DAWN SETTLED
AT LAST.

Commence at 7.

ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.
This Evening, MAZEPPA. Brilliant Scenes in the Circle.
Concluding with a Comic Ballet.
Commence at 7.

MR. and MRS. CHARLES MATHEWS "AT
TIME," at Her Majesty's Concert Room, Haymarket, This
Rventng,

Commence at 8.

rw S. WOODIN'S CABINET OF CURIOSITIES,
olygraphic Hall, King, William-street, Charing-cross.
Commence at 8.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Great -Windmill-street, Hay-
market. ()POI every evening for Promenade and Dancing.

THE DEPARTUREHon.N, OF THE HON. MRS. YEL-
VET:ToN.—The resd. Yelverton, her health, wi,ich
h.i(! been seriously in
jur
pacing considerably brY Lord Ardmillan's decision,
rove
, left on Monday evening,
on her wiy to Cannes, by Abe
steamer Ivanhoe, the
cabin of which was most gallantly,
well as most gene-
rously, placed at her disposal as
D. Macgregor.
Though the arrangemPnts for byerlidr.
torture were kept
secret, the fact of her going on board
way through
the. docks; the consequence was a considerable crowd, and
right hearty cheers with waving of handkPr as the
vessel pass red the dock gates.—Caledonia Mercury,

THE SUN.
LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 14, 1862.

The old motto—hear the other side—was agree-
ably illustrated yesterday at the meeting of the
British North American Association. We have all
of us been liable to a little impatience with Canada
on the question of her military defences, though we
have already expressed our opinion that Canada
had, in the present state of affairs in the United
States, very good reasons for thinking that she was
in no danger of attack for a long time to come, and
that therefore such an important mutter .0 reor-
ganising the militia on a satisfactory basis,
could
well afford to remain for settlement till another
session. Our Government, also, was taken to task
by the Tory leader for adverting to such a fact, as
that the conflict of political parties in Canada had
anything to do with the rejection of the Militia
Bill by the Canadian Legislature. We are not left
in any doubt now. Two gentlemen of the political
party who introduced the Bill, who were unseated
by its rejection, and who are now therefore at leisure
to come and tell us all about it, declare that the views
attributed to the Canadians by their friends here
are the true ones. The Hon. A. T. GALT and the
Hon. BEVERLEY ROBINSON distinctly testified that'
the political party which rejected their bill, and so
turned them out of office, are as deeply attached to
the connexion with the mother country, and as
loyal to the British Government and people as those
who brought in the bill. These defeated Ministers,
with a frankness worthy of British birth, tell us
that their bill was considered too costly, its objects
were thought to be more cheaply attainable in an-
other way, and it was held that not only were the
Americans in no condition to invade Canada, hav-
ing quite enough on their hands, but that with
their vast unoccupied more southern territories in
lowa and Wisconsin, they had quite enough to do
to people them first_
Much has also been said on the subject of the
high duties levied by the Canadians on articles of
English manufacture and production. And here
again, the other side is well worth hearing. They
are not, be it observed, protective duties, but duties
simply for revenue. If they be high, it is for the
sake of revenue merely. If Customs duties be ob-
jected to as the main source of revenue, they point
to the great difficulty of collecting direct taxes in a
new country. They are driven to rely chiefly on
Customs duties by the peculiar circumstances of an
agricultural and widely-settled community. But
there is more than this to be said for the Canadians.
If the duties be high, it is because they have
lowered the cost of transit by works which have
yet in great part to be paid for, but which have so
reduced the rate of carriage that the duty of the
articles imported is less than the former charges for
transit. Those charges are necessary at present to
meet the interest of the debts incurred but the
result of the whole scheme has been to reduce to a
minimum the cost of conveyance of British goods to
Canada, and of exporting the bulky produce of
Canada to England. They have made the St. Law-
rence free, and the British merchant can now send
his goods as cheaply to Chicago, in the centre of
the North American continent, as to New York.
They have had also to consider in their system of
duties those of the United States. It would be
utterly impracticable to prevent smuggling along
those vast river and lake frontiers. They could
not, therefore, levy high duties on the
articles from which we in England derive
our chief customs without taxing themselves
for the benefit of the smuggler. The present
duties levied by the States under their new
tariffs will enable the Canadians to make some
advantageous alterations in theirs. As it is, Mr.
GALT computes that the import trade of Canada
with Great Britain amounts to 30s. per head, while
that with the United States is not more than 10s.
per head. Our colony with its, in large part, emi-
grant inhabitants, used from childhood to consump-
tion of British goods, is, after all, of some advan-
tage to us.

The tone of all the speakers was so frankly
earnest in favour of retaining the position of British
subjects, and indicated so strong an aversion to
merging their country with the United States—
especially with all the burdens the latter are now
incurring—that we trust the effect of the meeting
on the mother country will be good. The Asso-
ciation, however, desires to attempt something
more than speaking. It is aware that, without
practical measures of some kind are its chief ob-
ject, it cannot exist long. At present it will de-
vote its attention to two—Emigration and the
Intercolonial Railway, In regard to the former,
the aim is to secure for emigrants, on their
arrival out, the best practical information for
their guidance. In regard to the latter, it is re-
markable that, while the American Federal Re-
public is breaking up, and likely soon to become
four or five States, the five or six British Colo-
nies, under the sovereignty of a Monarch, are
Planning to coalesce in one great colony, still
411"islling warmly their loyalty to the mother
cartmulr.
With this feeling, and, also, for the
great
purpose of military defence, they take a
deep .
inure%
Railway, by t in the Halifax and Quebec
in case of emergency, British
troops could reti,ii
lated eta,_
4,::,,,,nada in winter, without being
u, permission, which, in the
only
on omnp
00%11:1,1ez, could not even be
the znit has on this asked. T.:lse:jilt:l:lL
to
sub-
ject sent and we may
railway will become
there, the
hope that,
completion of the
with the spirit prevailing
"'"" an early cer-
tainty. England is proud of her colon;--10Dg may it
the colo-
niesfeeling reciprocate the - "%kat ; and
and for interconms
sary outlay for self-defence
that it may last, let neither side grudge the
-eees-
cation.

_
After an immense flourish of trumpets there has
at length entered upon the stage of
public events at
Paris the grand new organ of the Imperial Govern-
ment—La France, edited by the Viscomte de l
GUERONNIERE. La France is at least its ostensible
title. Among the initiated it already goes in
Parisian circles, however, by the more significant
appellation of L'Opinion de l'lmperatrice! For
the Viscomte hall long been
recognised as the
Preux Chevalier of
her Imperial MAJESTY among

the select few occupying the front rank among I
the Parisian Journalists. It is quite recog-
nisable at any rate that La France, under the
direction of M. DE LA GUERONNIERE advo-
cates with a high hand, and in a lofty tone,
though hardly even (as the cant phrase goes), semi-
officially the views, the sentiments, the aspirations
of the Empress EUGENIE and of her Majesty's
"entourage." Among certain quarters therefore it is
scarcely necessary to add that the new journal is
already decidedly fashionable. For, ever since
the EMPEROR made that graceful selection
of a wife which he announced to his peo-
ple by coupling the name of his bride-elect with
that of " the good wife of General BONAPARTE," no
one has been more firmly fixed in the affections of the
country than the fair and generous hearted sharer
of the Third NAPOLEON'S throne. Whatever fluc-
tuations of opinion there may have been since then
upon either side of the Channel as to the EMPEROR
himself—about his EMPRESS, there has been enter-
tained but one opinion, and that an opinion in the
highest degree favourable. Nor is the fact of its
having been thus, in regard to her
MAJESTY, a matter of little or no importance as
affecting the destinies of France or the policy of her
Government. For, within the period referred to,
andthat, moreover,u
EUGENIE upon a very memorable occasion,
the Empress TIE has held the reins of the Im-
perial Government of France in her delicate hands
E
as Regent during NAPOLEON'S absence in Lombardy.
When his MAJESTY took the field as Generalissimo
of the Army of Italian Independence.
What JORP.PTITNE never possessed during the reign
of her Imperial Husband, EUGENIE now possesses.
A recognisable, almost an avowed, organ of her
views—La France, otherwise L' Opinion de l'lm-
peratrice. Entering the lists as her MAJESTY'S
cham-
pion, Captain PEN has tied her sleeve to his hel-
met. M. DE LA GUERONNIERE wears her MAJESTY'S
colours—articulates in his always sonorous periods
her MAJESTY'S hopes and aspirations. Favourably
disposed though the nation has all along shown
itself to be towards anything and everything
relating to the Empress EUGENIE individually—
it is no discourtesy, however, to remark now, that
but comparatively little importance is attached to
her isolated opinions as to the policy that ought to
direct, both at home and abroad, the complex ma-
chinery of the Napoleonian Government. The
actual ruler of France is no mere Lay Figure, but
retains to this moment as firmly as ever within
his grasp all the various reins of the Imperial Go-
vernment. He has absolute command over them.
He is wonderfully skilled in handling them. His
intentions he confides to no one, until the time has
actually arrived for their manifestation. From the
date of the 2d of December, he has been,
in the fullest sense of the word, Imperator.
It is interesting of course to have even a glimmering
notion of what are the predilections of his wife—
more interesting in some respects to know them than
to know those of his most favourite minister. But
beyond that—the opinion of minister or even of
EMPRESS cannot but be pronounced of com-
paratively small importance. NAPOLEON 111.
acts entirely from his own convictions. There
are plenty there about him who would be willing
(had they the courage) to advise him—upon
this line of policy or upon that. But each has
doubtless had occasion often before now to think as
SALLVST thought when venturing to address
himself to CzesAß—How difficult it is to
advise a great Captain, or Sovereign,
a ruler of the destinies of men : Scio ego quam di f-
fictle atque osperum factu sit, consilium dare
regi aut imperatori ! Difficult and hazardous
though it is, however, to " give" advice to these
veritable Rulers of Men—not mere State puppets,
but actual Rulers—it is just next to an impossibility
ever to get it " taken" by them. No matter how
near and influential the adviser, or how astutely
administered the advice ! ALEXANDER in his
gentlest mood, or, to express it differently,
in his weaker moments, might have listened
far more readily to " the lovely THAIS at his side "
than to the serious and weighty counsels of HE-
PILESTION. But,even then,when seemingly prepared
to yield, the imperial mind of the true world-ruler
remains to the last inscrutable, impenetrable, im-
passive. It has been thus in a peculiar manner,
and with an especial consistency—during all these
ten years of his reign in France as Emperor—with
NAPOLEON 111. It would be frivolous to attempt to
weigh the influence in the direction of his policy ap-
pertaining to the Due de MORNY, to WALEWSKI, to
M. DE PERSIGNY—even to the Empress EUGENIE.
The influence of each in turn, of all together—is im-
ponderable. Wherefore, we repeat, while it is
interesting, no doubt, to learn through La France,
" l'Opinion de l'lmperatrice," it is really nothing
more than interesting. The organ of M. DE LA
GUERONNIERE will have, we may be certain, little if
any effect whatever in forming or guiding the public
opinion of France, much less is influencing that of
the nations of Christendom.

To glance at the names of the countries repre-
sented yesterday, at the meeting at South Kensing-
ton, ought to dispel all fear of an ultimate short
supply of cotton. By no means all cotton produc-
ing countries had their deputies present, yet it seems
as if almost all the globe within the warmer parts
of the temperate zones wished to have their voice
in the discussion. India of course—though the
chairman, who is also President of the Cotton Sup-
ply Association—gave her a very bad character,
could but assert her position : but there were
speakers for the Mauritius, Natal, Venezuela,
British Guiana, Jamaica, Borneo, Brazil, Ecuador,
Costa Rica, Greece, Angola, New South Wales,
Queensland, Western Australia, Spain, Italy,
France, Russia, and even Malta, and we know not
what places beside. A Manchester man did duty
for Egypt. Specimens •of cotton for all places
were exhibited in the room. It seems as if cotton,
now as necessary as wheat, could be grown in quite
as many places. We suppose that quite as wide a
girdle of the earth might be coloured in our statis-
tical atlas for a cotton region as a wheat region.
With this broad fact before us, it seems incredible
that the supply of so profitable and useful an article
of manufacture should long be deficient.
The chairman showed the meeting that the
prize offered to the cotton producing countries was
to supply a demand in all countries of 100,000 bales
a week. Not less than TWENTY MILLIONS worth
of cotton was wanted from the cotton growing coun-
tries, in consequence of the failure of the supply in
the United States. Can it be that such a want
will not soon create a supply ? We do not
mean that it will do so by the lazy policy
which so many cotton magnates of Man-
chester advocate, but, can Manchester herself long
Put off sending her buyers to every part of
e world, to see what can be obtained from each.
Evety
ere, of course, there is something to be
(were
world e, but surely when, of all places in the
,little Malta has increased her supply from
250,0001 h. last year to 1,000,0001b5. this year,
other
Inda and the British ntriesi far more adapted to its growth will
blush and imitate her
example. If Malta could
quadruPle her supl3l .
In one year, it is hard to be-
lieve Indies could
notlie'vollow her example- we 4% f h e
Ye little doubt, if
inquiry were made, it Would be found that a few