The Sun.
London, England, 1862-04-21 00:00:00

BAHIA AND SAN FRANCISCO.

The directors state in their report that the second
and third sections of the railway were opened to
the public on the 9th of September, and that on
the 19th of November the Board were informed by
his Excellency the Brazilian Minister that Mr.
Morgan, the delegate of railway accounts, had cer-
tified that, in conformity with the provisions of
the concession from the Imperial Government, the
amount to be capitalised in respect of the second
and third sections (241 additional miles) of the
Bahia Railway is £499,866, and that Mr. Mor-
gan's certificate would be submitted to the Imperial
Government for its sanction and information ;"
and early in January the Board received payment
from his Excellency of the guaranteed interest duel
on the 31st of Dec., 1861, on the sum of £954,866,
being the amount capitalised for the first, second,
and third sections. The progress made in the works
of the remaining sections was in all respects satis-
factory. Full particulars of the actual operations
of the contractor would be found in the clear and
comprehensive report of Mr. Vignoles, the engineer
in chief, and the directors proposed to carry out his
recommendation for additional rolling stock, in-
crease of station accommodation, and acquisition of
stores. The exact sums which would be available
for these purposes were not yet accurately ascer-
tained, but the shareholders might rest assured that
the total expenditure would in no case exceed the
amount of the guaranteed capital. Although the
railway was not yet opened to the more populous
and productive districts the board had every reason
to be satisfied with the traffic. Of passengers alone
33,500, yielding £4,300, had been carried in the six
months from September, 1861, to February, 1862.
A call of 308 a share would be made, payable on the
6th of August, and the remaining £2 per share
would be required early in next year, most likely
£1 in January and £1 in April. The relations o
f
the company with the Imperial and Provincial__ e
Go-
vernments continued to be highly gratifying. The
directors bear testimony to the energy and effic 1
of Mr. Dick, the superintendent at
i
e engineer,
and of
engineer.
stated
Mr. H. Vignoles, the principal resident
The report of Mr. G. Vignoles,
that the assurances he had from time to time made
of
brought to a close
d within the '
tthhi en rt
ha wtaimy
ewporrokins
isbeedi,ngan
esti
-
the line continued to be
mates given, would be fully realised. The first
three sections of
worked by the contractor in a satisfactory manner.
miles out of 77 brought into
The fourth section was ready for Opening to Malta,
making nearly 43
On the fifth section the earth.
useful operation•
works were advancing to Completion, and he hoped
before September to be able to get a portion of this
section completed. The sixth section might be con-
sidered as a fini h
-• From the satisfactory manner
in which the arrangements with Mr. J. Watson,

o,:kteral Committee of the House of CoMmons
have made alterations in the committees appointed
to sit after Easter, adding the Bradford, Wakefield,
and Leeds Farther Provisions Bill to Committee
12 ; the West Midland (Mert:lyr Lea.seep)ortto
t 0
00tmhe-
mittee 9; and the Kensington-st4'tion, South Lon-
don Railway Bill, to Committee 12: x
GREAT WESTERN.—This company
House of Lords that their intended nenv extension
lines at Tipton will displace 43 houses and 1.88 per-
sons) 30 at West Bromwich and 151 persons, 44 at
Handsworth and Smethwiek and 145 persons; that
the houses are principally small and in bad rei, air,
and that there are many cottages in the immedicte
neighbourhood suitable for the residence of the%
working-classes, being unoccupied, and others in
course of erection, so that r.o inconvenience is anti-
cipated from the displacement of these persons.

TRIAL TRIP OF 2.71 E NEW IRON

STE4II-zHIP LEITH.

1,400 tons burthen,which was launched &ern.
to the
On Thursday the fine fiti:ealirroipn steamer the Leith, of
laMeeasrsiL. G. and H. Morton's building-yard in
mr
ob steam'pfir it o r and -
moored in in the Roads, and
down the Forth under'
entice
a number of
was laid along
She left the
embark the
Januaryeoopxafienprve
aratiotehne3claeaands.
dt
pm,
to
be
the
oe navigators on board.
eytty, to
owners and their friends, at 10 o'clock. .The Leith.
northnew es
is the largest three-masted iron steamship that ba,,,
beeii jannehed from the
nmda
ofl
thesteamer
Victoria
port whose name slie
-lier'eapacity is nearly 2,300 tuna of cubic fleet,
besides storage for coos, and she is registered at
Lloyd's as A 1 for 12 years. Her engines .are double-
cylinder and high pressure, of 200 horse power,
made according to a patent of Mr. Marsht.'ll, of
Messrs. Morton and Co., which is giving so much
satisfaction in the Volunteer, of Leith. The uppe:r
deck is of timber,and.her-building, which took placct
under special survey, occupied a period of 20 months..
She is supplied with three steam winches and four
steam cranes—the latter warranted to bear respec-
tively seven and four tons weight. She carries one
gun, fit eitfitlr for signal or service. The length of
the Leith is 255 feet, breadth 32 feet, and she is
furnished with three ordinary and two life boats;
Her 'first destination is Alexandria, where she goes
for grain and cotton ; and she is registered aiin a.
good and sufficient state to carry dry and perishable
cargoes to or from all parts of the world. Cabins
for 20 passengers are fitted up in a ve:y handsome
and decorative style, in maple, crimson, and gold,
with every modern accommodation, including a
library of useful and entertaining works. At 20
minutes before noon, on Thursday the anchor was
weighed by 30 jolly tars, all belonging to the port,
who sang at the windlass several sea songs, suola
as " The plains of Mexico," "Paddy on the railway,'
and " The rolling river," during their work. The
wind blew a smart breeze from W.S.W., and there
floated from the rigging the whole signals of the
British mercantile code. She slipped off in gallant
style, and in passing the pierhead of Leith to round.
Inchkeith, the Misses Macgregor and Dawson pro-,
nounced the wish " Success to • the Leith," which
was seconded by the hearty cheers of the crew.
The Rev. W. H. Gray, Lady Hester's, Edinburgh,
read and commented on the appropriate passage
from 107th Psalm, verses 23 to 31, commencing
" They that go down to the sea in ships; that do
business in great waters," &c. The vessel was soon
under steam, and sailing at a speed of 10 knots per
hour, superintended by Capt. John Lindsay, and
piloted by portly Cooke down the coast of the
Lothians close in shore. Passing to the south of the
islands Feathery and Lamb, nearing Gilliam
Sands and North Berwick with its loft Law, she-
at length rounded Bass, powdered with solan geese,
which nestled on every cliff of the rugged rock, and.
sat unmoved despite the firing of the signal gunl
and shouts of the crew. In returning, a heavy sea
and strong gale was ahead, but on went the ship
with the steady speed which she had maintained
throughout with little diminution. One admirablie
feature, indicatives
Groat atrPngth, was the entire-
absence of vibration—an object long desiderated in
ship construction. Although there were several
freshwater sailors on board, not the slightest ten-
dency was felt to the marine malady so dreaded by
the delicate and inexperienced. There could not have
been better wind or water for a fair test of sea-
worthiness. Off the Island of Craigleith a Prussian
vessel was spoken, beating up disabled And dipping
deep, bat not so much so as to induce her to accept
the proferred assistance of the Leith (no doubt
under the fear of salvage), which in a few secozds
showed by the production of her towing cables that
her ropes were as ready as her powder had been
dry. The voyage was most successful, and the
•
Leith came up to her haven with flying colours,
amid the cheers of the crew and congratulations of
the owners. At three p.m. the company sat down
to a sumptuous dinner in the cabin, which, we
should have mentioned, is lighted by stained-glass
windows, in one of which is a full-length portrait
of Mr. Miller, M.P., one of the proprietors. Mr;
Donald Macgregor occupied the h • c air, and was sup-
ported right and left by the Rev. Mr. Gray and
Mr. Dunamure. Captain Lindsay officiated as
croupier, supported by Captains Galloway and
Cairns, and Captain Sinclair, who has made the un-
precedented number of 97 voyages through the
Baltic without having cost the underwriters on
farthing, and who, it was stated, never sough
shelter in port during a storm, always preferring
to keep to the open sea.-B.otsman.

.ENGLISH PRIZES AT THE FRENCH CATTLE-
&HOW.

:Fin:llol°,,:allenAll:?lrtrredpaie.': -hire,
for the Angus
A considerable crowd assembled on Thursday, early in
the forenoon, at Poissy, to virmeekaw.tosdhatalehtudeateilfibeenaricvoaatrhelw,lieeoiactsusrdtiolica)p:ienizes
ani-
mals now assembled there. At one o'clock M. Rouher,
ed
Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, arrived, scamp,-
pealed by M. Monny de Morney, Director of Agriculture'
wh—torethned
The whole jury, headed by
were in attendance at the railway station. The Prefec, o_
the Seine-et-Oise, and the authorities of Poissy also.bii7.oed.
rends:
tit'oontsh,e
red.... distribution
, the His
an d personsafterwardsExcellency
visitedw it
proceeded i n
_ii and
ta
of prizes was to take place.g
f the superiority of
Minister spoke with great satisfeeti
In a n address
.115010ePosPflawNi tvelde
h: a
a the
rks
have
dHwenel
been
caothunsetphereoefssenervit dcieesp
agriculturela y
which;
ine
bmwullerTr.e:mwethnaoenca.
cm3ocall;
n this occasion is that of Mr. Thomas Ball,.
deuihy noose, Adare, co, Limerick, Ist prize, 3-yr-old
Mon
heifer; Lady Emily Pigot, Branches Park, Cambridgeshire
Ist prize,
3/r-old cow ; Mr. Wm. Heath, Ludlam Hall,
Norfolk, Ist prize, 3-yr-old bull ; Mr. Owen Wallis, Over-
stone Grange, Northamptonshire, Ist prize, 4-yr-old bull ;
Mr. T. West, Greenhill Farm, Bletchington, Oxfordshire,
lst prize, 2-yr-old sheep ; Sir T. B. Lonnard, Belhus Palk,
boadjunif et,h°ouoeftvT:Pil:hyfireillo:rocetw,hAle—rbell r
ale 8
CuPbeing gained by
Essex, Ist prize, Southdowns ; Mr. Ewd. Holland, M.P.,
Dambleton Hall, Gloucestershire, Ist prize, sheep, ono year,
mixed breed ; Mr. John Baldwin, Luddington, Warwick-
shire, let prize, sheep, two years, mixed breed; Mr T. CI i,,p,
Dutley Abbey, Suffolk, Ist prize, pig, 4 months; Sir Goo,
I hrogmorton, Buckland, Berkshire, Ist prize, pig, 8 months;
and Mr. John Waters, Mosconi°, Essex, Ist prize, pig, 12
months. The show of French stock was more numerous
than it had ever been before. There were 285 oxen, of which
34 were above three years old, representing all the best
French breeds. The most remarkable were those descended
from the Durham breed, and 30 specimens of that and other
foreignnbdree s crossed with various native ones were most
honourably
distinguished by the jury. The prize of honour
for oxen was awarded to M. Bolton. Leveque, Fonts-do- Co
(Mane-et-Loire) ; for sheep, to Count Charles do Bouille,
Villars (Nievre) ; for pigs, to M. de Lavalette, Villiers-
Charlemagne (Mayenne).
Among the fortunate exhibitors may also be mentioned-
Count de Falloux, M. Salvat, M. Henry Michel, the Mar-
quis de Torcy, MM. Ballard, Louis Masse, Benoist d'Azy,
L. de Sourdeval, Pavy, Count R. de Pourtales, and the
Duke de Fitz-James.

THEATRE-ROYAL. HAYMARKET.
Lem Mr. J B. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING, JOHN JONES.
Alter which, at half-past 7, will be performed (102 d time)
OUR AMERICAN COUSIN. Asa 'rrenchard, Mr. Buck-
stone ; Lord Dundreary, Mr. Sothern.
Followed by the Spanish Ballet entitled THE STAR OF
ANDALUSIA. Senora Peres. Nena, Senor Ricardo, and the
Corps de Ballet.
To conclude with MY HUSBAND'S GHOST.
commence a 7

OYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
sa) Sole Lessee and Manager--Mr. Edmund Falconer•

135th t of the continuous run of "Peep o'DaY.''
THIS EVENING, the performances will commence with
THE BLUE DEVILS. Messrs. Walter Lacy, Chas. Selby,
Marlow, and Miss L. Laidlaw.
To be followed by PEEP O'DAY ; or, savourneen Deelish.
Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Charles Selby, Geo. Melville,
and Edmund Falconer Mrs. D. P. Bowers, Miss Clara
Weston, and Miss M. Hudson.
- - - -

After which, a new musical , pictorial, poetical, and ballet
interlude, entitled KILLARNEY. Miss Anna Whitty and
Miss Lydia Thomson.
To conclude with the new farce entitled I COULDN'T
HELP IT. Characters by Mr. Addison, Mr. Warlow, and
Miss Lydia Thompson.
Acting manager—Mr. I'. B Chatterton.
P:'lces as usual. Doors open at half-past 8, to oommenee at
130x-office open daily from 11 tlll5.

ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
Lessee, Mr A. Harris.

THIS EVENING, CASH V. app,

To be followed by, at a quarter to Eight o'clock. a new
and original drama, in five acts, entitled THE GOLDEN
DAGGERS. Principal characters by Mr. Fechtcr (his first
appearance since his severe indisposition', Mr. H. Widdi-
comb, Mr. G. Jordan, Mr. Potter, Mr. J. G. Shore, nor. Cath-
cart, Mr. Moreland; Mesdames Elsworthy and Carlotta Le-
clercq.

Mr. A. Harris is happy to state that he has succeeded in
indu'ing that eminent artist, Mr. W. Telbin, to give the aid
of his unrivalled talent in the concluding tableau of the
drama.

NEW ) T HEATRE-RO YAL, ADELPITL-
Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.

THIS EVENING, A PRIVATE ENQUIRY. Mr. J. L.
Toole, Mr. Billing,ton, Mr. Sefton, Miss Kate Kelly, and
Miss K. Bland.

After which (Ist time), THE PHANTOM. Ruthven, Mr.
Dion Boucicault. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Emery, Killington,
Paul Bedford, Stephenson, Sefton : Misses H. Simms, K.
Kelly, K. Bland, Laidlaw, and Mrs. Billington.
To conclude with a new domestic drama, entitled DOT :
Messrs. J. L. Toole, Emery, Billineton, Stephenson ; Miss
Woolgar, Miss Louise Keeley, Miss H. Simms, &c.

Commence at 7.

A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE.-
..LA Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. W. Batty.
Wonderful Performance of Mr. Hell's trained Elephants.
THIS EVENING, the Grand Eastern Spectacle of THE
RAJAH OF NAGPORE, introducing two colossal Asiatic
Elephants, pronounced by all to be the cleverest animals
ever exhibited.
To be followed by brilliant and daring feats by the un-
rivalled Troupe of Equestrians.
Concluding with a laughable Farce.
Stage Manager, Mr. W. Searle.

ANTERBURY HALL AND FINE
ARTS GALLERY.
The miraculous STECKEL, from the Cirque Napoleon,
Paris, E VERY EVENING, at a quarter to ten.
Grand Selections from "La Traviata," by Miss Russell,
with Band and full Chorus, conducted by Mr. Jonghmans.
The Comic by Mr. Randall, Mr. J. G. Forde, Mr. Hollings-
worth, Messrs. Hildebrandt and Ormond, and Miss Caroline
Parkes, the accomplished danseuse.
Admission—Hall, ed. ; Stalls and Balcony, is.

THE OXFORD, 6, OXFORD-STREET.-

Extra and Important Attractions for the Easter Holidays.
RUAISEY and NEWCOMB'S MINSTRELS
(18 in number),
In their original burlesque, serio-comic, instrumental, and
iTerpsichorean Entertainment,
THE OLIO OF ETHIC) VIAN ODDITIES.
Burns' celebrated "Jolly Beggars," with characteristic
Music by George Linley.
Operatic Selections by Miss Russell and the entire Com-
pany. Full Band and Chorus.—Conductor, Mr. F. Jongh-
mans.
A host of comic talent, including W. Randall and Harvey
and French (the Nerves).
Ballads, Duets, la., &c. ' • and, at 11 o'clock, HENRI and
PFAU appear in New and Extraordinary Double Feats on
the Flying Ti-apeze.
Notice.—Con;mence at Six o'clock on Easter Monday,
Tuesday, and Wednesday, in consequence of the length of
the programme.

HIGH WATI.7II AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 6h. 52m.—Afternoon, 7h. 23m.
To-MORROW. -Morning, Bh. Om.—Afternoon, Bh. 40m.

NOTICE.

Ail remittances are, henceforth, to be made to
Mr. JOHN CHAPLIN, at The Sun office, 112,
Strand, who has been appointed, by the Lord
Chancellor, Receiver and Manager of The Sun
newspaper, and the outstanding debts due in
respect thereof.

te e
'
.4.75)
yr~tYl• „
-
„
s4-A\ji,„ ,

THE SUN.

LONDON, MONDAY, APRIL 21, 1862.

r exercised by the spread of civilisation in the East
I as well as in the-West, through the greater facility
and the increasing promptitude of communi-
cations generally, through the good under-
standing (lea bons rapports) established
between the Oriental Governments and the
Powers of the West, in fine, through the incontes-
tible influence often, even, it must be admitted,
the excessive influence exercised by this one upon
that ! Further even, our Belgian contemporary
asks very pointedly in reference to the complaints
( that are sometimes made in regard to the disorder
a n d an archy occasion allyaffordin g still such afflicting
spectacles in certain parts of the East, if they ought
not perhaps to be attributed in a very great measure
at least to the incessant and, always at these times,
imperious intervention of certain great Powers of
Europe in the affairs and in the internal administra-
tion of the countries of the Levant? An intervention—
continues this outspoken journalist—which, accord-
ing to our notion, in a manner the most unjustifiable
and lamentable, finds its formula as it were pre-
cisely in these Capitulations, confiscating (without
any other right or reason than such as is derived
from ancient usage) a part of the sovereignty of
the Oriental Governments, and doing this all
the more effectually by partially despoiling
them of the right of administering justice! The
Independance might here even have said—despoil-
ing them partially of what we Europeans one and
all regard as the inalienable right of administering
justice!

Having spoken out thus thoroughly and man-
fully upon the opposite side, in vindication, that is
to certain of the new institutions secured tc
foreigners and natives alike at Tunis by the re-
cently inaugurated Tunisian Constitution—the In-
dependance, therefore, quite as manfully publishes,
without garbling it in the least, publishes at full
length, names and all, the counter-protest already
referred to as having been transmitted lately
from Tunis in the shape of what we have called a
round-robin on the part of certain European mer-
chants resident in that city. We are certainly not
going to transcribe long passages from the argu-
ment put forward in this rather elaborate document.
We are not going even to annoy our readers with a
minute analysis of its contents. The reasoning
throughout it—from what has already been here
remarked—may be easily enough imagined. From
the cameo—the intaglio can be at once conjectured.
Every line, and turn, and twist in the convexity is
suggestive of the counterpart traced out in the
convexity from which it is taken from the opposite
side—as a seal is taken from a die, as a cast from a
matrix. There is one sentence, however, inciden-
tally occurring in the course of this argument, on
the part of the European residents at Turin, which,
as it happens to be not only a very brief but a very
brilliant and epigrammatic sentence, we are irre-
sistibly tempted to particularise. It occurs where
the protesting correspondents are insisting upon
what they manifestly regard as the rashness (to say
the very least of it !) of counting upon the
Tunisian Constitution as already complete,
full-grown, so to speak, and perfectly reli-
able both in itself and in its working. " Civilisa-
tion," they observe as tersely as wittily, " does not
improvise itself by decree : it is necessary that it
should penetrate little by little into the character
of the masses"—La civilisation ne s'improvise pas
par decret, it faut qu'elle penetre peu a peu dans le
caractere des masses. It is in words equally epigra-
matic that the subscribers of this Document remark
sarcastically towards the close of it—and as the
significant pendant to the whole argument preceding
it—" We will leave, then, to our happier successors
the responsibility of applauding Tunisian equity
and of submitting themselves without risk to the
jurisdiction of the Tribunals instituted by the
Constitution." Nous laisserons alors I nos suc-
cesseurs plus heureux le soin d'acclamer requite
tunisienne, et de se soumettre sans peril st la luri-
diction des tribunaux institues par la Constitution."
In effect, the Independance Belge is for the com-
plete and implicit reliance of all parties alike, na-
tives and foreigners without distinction, upon the
well-working of the regular courts of justice estab-
lished in Tunis by the new Constitution. Whereas
the European residents who have thus formally
protested against the notion of their doing any-
thing of the kind—are as decidedly in favour of
maintaining still in force at Tunis the ex-
ceptional and irregular jurisdiction hitherto
exercised in regard to their respective fellow-coun-
trymen, there, by the different European Consuls.
As elsewhere—here again we cannot but think that
the right path to be chosen lies as nearly as possible
midway between the two extremes. The trail o
common sense guides us here once more, we canno

In a recent number of the lndependanee Belge,
under the vague and generalised heading of "News
from the East," there appeared an argument so curi-
ous in its way, as throwing at least some small pro-
portion of light upon the influence beginning to be
exercised by modern civilisation upon the Govern-
ment of Tunis—that we are tempted here, very
briefly, to refer to it. The argument in question, it
may be briefly stated, at once originated in the
manner following. A correspondence had been
published in the columns of the Independance about
a month previously—a correspondence from Tunis
illustrative in some measure of the results flowing
from the original publication and vigorous inaugu-
ration of the Tunisian Constitution. _Apropos to
to the purport of those month-old communications,
the Belgian organ to which we are now referring
has received very recently, also from Tunis, a cor-
responds nee (if we may strictly call it so) of a I When Parliament reassembles the recent expe-
very different character. Certain European resi- riments at Shoeburyness must engross almost, if
dents at Tunis, manifestly, from their names, not quite as much attention, as the experiment
Frenchmen and Italians for the most part, made for us by the Monitor and the Merrimac in
with a sprinkling of Germans and Dutchmen, American waters. Those experiments have pro-
have, in point of fact, transmitted to the Independ bably been carried to the farthest which the new
once a round robin, setting' forth their own peculiar gun and the present quality of powder admit of.
notions as to the probaMities of justice being We have seen no statement by Sir WILLIAM ARM-
awarded to European litigan is in the regular tri- STRONG as to the explosive force which his new
bunals of the country, on the one hand, or through and immense gun will bear. It is supposed that
the exceptional and irregular jurisdiction of the the fifty pounds of powder now used may not all
respective Consuls of those said Europeans ! Differ- be burnt in the gun, and that though it produces
ing altogether from the conclusions arrived at by conspicuously greater effects than forty pounds,
their correspondents--all of whom are as a matter yet it might produce greater still if all the powder
of course more or less engaged in mercantile avoca- ignited. Perhaps powder may be rendered by me-
tions—the Belgian newspaper frankly gives the chanical arrangements for its ignition, or by more
benefit of its circulation, nevertheless, to the opinions careful chemical preparation more rapidly and com-
!lPtessed in the document ; publishing the latter in pletely combustible than it now is, and the charge
its entirety verbatim et literatim. Yet, even before which has been tried may produce yet more de-
giving the argumentative Protest of its correspon- structive results.
dents, the •
stdependance warm its readers generally The last experiments, however, only confirm the
that it is Only to be regarded as a new and signal importance of the suggestion we made a few days
evidence of how rime and habit, in the eyes of the ago. It shows even more strongly than the smash-
greater number, readily enough give a varnish ing of the Warrior target did, that we ought not to
of legitimacy to a
hu
nes which in themselves are spend a million more than is absolutely necessary
directly counter to the most simple and the most on the faith of each last experiment being the last.
universally admitted .
Principles of Public Right. We have had three now in quick succession,
In effect, argues the a;
—tecteur" or " redacteur" of all antiquating what we might hava done
the lndependance, in the course
of his prefatory on the faith of those which preceded. Indeed,
observations, the persons who have
subscribed this we might go farther back—Sir JOHN PAKINOTON
protest reduce us absolutely to
the necessity of —the Tories being in want of a card—began recon-
remarking in their regard, that if the Capitulations strutting our navy of wood, and praising himself
to which they bind themselves ddowno
to-day- with most abundantly, and being praised abundantly by
such a very singular determination could still be the other Tories for it. But even he had hardly
in any way advantageous—indispensable oven
completed his short course ere he found himself
though they undoubtedly may have been at anothesr, compelled
nation,s to commence with iron-plated ships, and
epoch—they cannot possibly be regarded as
practically to confess that his vast outlay of the
nowadays, such any longer, particularly money had been to little purpose. Iron
more espf-ciallr in a country endowed, like
elaiVitiengni
Plating then went on at an easy pace, and cupola
iron-plating
n the the Kingdom of Tunis, with institutions ships
d were neglected. Meanwhile the Merrimac
which might be envied by more than one Euro- towraesxperiment occurred—immediately
peen State! Nay, further than this, the bide- everything for defence, and
Pendance goes on to xemark (certainly with some the cupola of
Captain COLES for attack;
truth) that those guarantees, that it was formerly and have set earnestly in the
conceived to be necessary to find in solemn conven- to work we
new line. A second experiment is, however,
tions
, imposed upon the powers of the Levant, as now performed at homes.
the Warrior's side,
it were, by main force, and in violation of their in a target form, is fairly pierced and smashed by
in 4ispntable
rights of sovereignty, can now be more a new gun ; and what then is to become of our War-
effectually secure
th:rougit the simple influence • riots p One such gun working in
a cupola would

but think, in a very straightforward direction—
right onward, to the juste milieu ! Let the new
courts, if you will, be resorted to frankly even by
foreigners—but, remembering that they are new,
let the consuls keep them always within the range
of their vigilant supervision.

si`nk them. Forts are therefore at a premium again,
though with no small misgivings about securing
one or more effective shots at the passing vessel.
But hardly had we made this last change when
another experiment confounds everything. Not
five inches only, but fifteen inches of iron plating
securely plated together, give way before the
monster smooth bored gun, and a whisper comes
from Paris that a new rifled gun there has pierced
more than twelve inehes of iron !

That a second bill was to provide that in the perish
burying ground, maintained at the cost of the pa-
rish, the relatives of a deceased person might inter
him with the faneral rites most consolatory to
themselves, because most in accordance with their
own views and those of the deceased. That a third
Bill was to do away with the bigoted interpreta-
tion of the word " religion" in trust deeds, by
which the courts of law held that religion,
in a deed, can only mean that of the Prayer-
book and the Thirty-nine Articles, and
that all other worships and creeds are not to be
known as religion at all—an interpretation by
which all who do not accept the Parliamentary
Liturgy and Creeds are excluded from all school and
charity trusts, however respectable persons they may
be. Such is the class of bills which men brought
up in a country which boasts of its true religious
liberty plume themselves on defeating ! The best
that can be said for them is, that party politics have
blinded their eyes.

Now, where is all this to end ? We believe no
mortal can yet conjecture. Two things are indu-
bitably plain.. One that no ship can swim with
the weight .of iron plating which would resist
the new artillery—the other, that the idea of
plating stone farts with iron thick enough to resist
such guns, must be abandoned. The expense,
and all incurred for the chance of getting a single
shot at a passing ship, would be beyond what even
a PALMERSTON would advise. There is one further
consideration ; all the probability is that a shell
will be perfected which will explode under water,
and destroy the wooden bottoms of our iron-plated
ships: In such a state of things it is prudence, not
indolence, for the naval department not to be too
hasty. It must keep our naval power, according
to the testimony of the last experiment, ahead of
other powers, but to go beyond the minimum of
what safety requires, may be only to throw millions
more away after those luckless millions, for which
we have already paid a crushing income tax, to the
glory of Sir JoHN PARINGTON—and to find our-
selves with a vast fleet which could not face the
Merrimac and the Monitor, while those ships
which could face them would go to the bottom,
before a gunboat carrying the gun which has just
been tried at Shoebnryness.

We cannot conceive a more ignominious position
than the one into which that arch political sharper,
Mr. DIsRAELT, has led his party. Even Austria will
laugh at them, and history will consign them to
contempt. It will record this public fact, that a
clever Hebrew, a "Bedousen Arab,"we should remem-
ber he calls himself, became in his way a Church-
man—that having been driven into a most ignomi-
nious minority on commercial protection, he re-
solved to beat up on behalf of religious protection.
That he went down into HAMPDEN'S county, and
there in a notable manifesto told the clergy " If
you get us Tory votes, we'll keep church rates and
all the good things of the State for you." And his-
tory will record that the poor clergy took the bait
of the bankrupt politician, and crowded to his sup-
port. At present all looks like a great success—
but in truth it is one like that which elected a Par-
liament to maintain the Corn Laws, though it ended
in abolishing them ; or like that which placed Lord
DERBY in power in 1852 to make the last fight for
protection, but which ended in his first burying
protection under the resolution of the Opposition,
and then interring Toryism itself on the left hand
of the Speaker.

Our attention has been called to a precious speci-
men of ecclesiastical Toryism, which it seems has
been forwarded to " all the clergy of England and
Wales, and the churchwardens of all large towns."
It is termed an " Easter Address to Churchmen,"
and professes to be issued by the " Council of the
Church Institution." The Council boasts of the
names so honoured in the annals of Religious Tory-
ism—of Lord INGESTRE, M.P., Lord ROBERT MoN-
TAGU, M.P., the Earl of VERITLAM, Earl NELSON,
Mr. PACKE, M.P., Mr. C. J. SELWYN, M.P., Mr.
BERESFORD HOPE (not now M.P.), and others less
known, but doubtless of similar quality.
This distinguished body has issued a circular ad-
dressed as above, of which the following are the

principal points :-
1. Congratulation on the "improved feeling of
the country in regard to Church questions.
2. Exultation in beating the Church Rate Aboli-
tion Party last year by the Speaker's casting vote.
3. Laudation of Church-rates, and the parochial

system.
4. Thanks to GOD for having been able to resist
successfully every measure for conferring equal re-
ligious liberty on all worshippers of GOD.
5. As the practical result of the whole, an exhor-
tation to do battle for Church-rates at the coming
Easter vestries. Such the authors, noble or not
noble, of the circular will not deny is a fair sum-
mary of their circular.
Now let us compare with this circular, which
English Tories are not ashamed to issue, with
another—if so we may call it—we mean the
proposals placed by the Austrian Government
before its Reichsrath or council of the empire, in
regard to Religious Liberty—they are briefly as
follows :

" I.—To all churches and religious societies is granted
an equal position before the law. The State does not con-
fer special privileges upon any religion.
"2.—The special protection hitherto afforded to one par-
ticular religion by the law shall cease.
"3.—Legislation respecting marriage belongs exclusively
to the State, so far as the validity and civil effects of those
contracts are concerned. The matrimonial jurisdiction of
the ecclesiastical trihnnal. +he secular
courts.

With regard to the special object of the circular
—to arouse our clergy and churchwardens to an
Easter strife with Dissenters on the subject of
church rates—we only hope that these provokers
of ecclessiastical war will have their fill of it. We
doubt not it appears to them as worthy a commemo-
ration of Easter as religious processions and jubila-
tions did to the Archishop of TOULOUSE, in comme-
moration of the great massacre of the Protestants in
his episcopal city. The spirit is the same—softened
in action it is true, by the secular spirit of an age
whose social sentiments are more benevolent than'
hereditary and selfish ecclesiastical zeal. Eccle-
siastical bigotry and assumption are as bitter and
proud as ever, but they are cowed by the better
sentiments of the great majority of the laity.
They would like the Star Chamber, but are com-
pelled to be satisfied with seizing, ex-ogieio, the
chairmanship of parish meetings, and using it as best
they can to defeat rates by unjust management of a
vestry meeting. Let the friends of liberty and the
haters of ecclesiastical sectarian domination, how-
ever, but do their part ; let them fight locally, suc-
cessful or unsuccessful, and they will all be con-
tributing to the grand result. The time must be
approaching when England will come up to Austria
and will actually proclaim that " The State does
not confer special privileges upon any religion."

IR_RIGA2ION WORKS IN ITALY.

" 4.—ln no case can the members of one church or real.
gious society contribute to the expenses of the worship of
another.

" Lastly.—Tithes and other payments to which the mi-
nisters of a particular church now have a legal right, and
which form a charge on landed property, shall be abo-
lished, an indemnity being provided."
We do not think it unlikely that, taught by ad-
versity, the Government which, not many years
ago, consented to a very servile concordat with the
POPE, really makes these proposals in perfect good
faith. It sees that the hearty support of all sects and
creeds can be purchased only by the Government
becoming the hearty and equal patron or protector
of all. But even were these terms not offered as
sincerely as, from political motives, we believe they
are, they yet show to what a perception of right, in
regard to religious liberty, even Austrian statesmen
have arrived. We put it to the clique of Lords and
M.P.'s, who appear as the aristocratical stars of the
English Council, whether they can read this Aus-
trian Religious Liberty programme, and compare it
with their own, without a blush. We, at least,
should blush for them at Vienna if we saw the
Viennese reading a translation of their document.
We should expect that Baron SCHMERLING himself
would hold up his hands in utter astonishment, and
ask our Ambassador whether English Lords did not
need to come to school to Austrian Ministers.
The whole of the English circular is intended to
arouse those who belong to the Parliamentary
Church of the TUDORS, as last burnished up by
CHAS. 11. and the Cavaliers, to fight tooth and nail
for every vestige of their present supremacy and
privilege, as compared with the larger half of the
the nation which uses modes of public worship not
prescribed by Act of Parliament. It is a circular
to stimulate the love of Ecclesiastical domination
and special privilege. The Austrian document
starts with denying "special privileges to any reli-
gion." The English Lords lay special stress on
preserving intact the power of the Church of Eng-
land to tax all other communities of Christians, by
levying church rates: The Austrian Ministers say
emphatically that " in no case can the members of
one church or religious society contribute to the
expenses of the worship of another." The English
legislators make it a charge against Dissenters,
that they will not rest till, as it is acknowledged,
" after an equitable satisfaction of existing inte-
rests," they see tithe property applied as national
property to secular purposes. The Austrian legisla-
tors declare that tithes now given to a "particular
church" shall be abolished, after an equitable ar-
rangement with existing interests has been made.
The English Lords condescend to what we must
term ignorant or superstitious cant about the
antiquity of the unequal, and therefore unjust, pe-
cuniary advantages conferred on their own sect,
as if injustice grew into justice by years; the Aus-
trian Ministers pay no attention to the hoary-
headedness of the injustice which conflicts with
the fundamental principle they start from, that to
" all churches and religious societies is granted an
equal position before the law."

(From the Money Market Review.)

Not tha least interesting of the projects which have lately
been introduced upon the market is one for establishing a
system of irrigation, by means of canals, in a certain rich
district of Northern Italy. Irrigation works constitute a
form of enterprise of the highest value and interest, and
have as yet attracted not a tithe of the attention which their
importance demands, either in India or elsewhere. Yet in
in all those instances where well planned irrigation works,
whether on a small or large scale, have been constructed in
India, the profits and advantages have been extremely
large. lhe notice of the Indian Government will be more
earnestly directed to these works as soon as the great task
of railway, making shall have been carried nearer to com-
pletion. It would, of course, be beginning at the wrong
end to stimulate the production of the soil until means shall
have been provided for bringing the produce to a market,
or shipping port. It can afford neither satisfaction nor
profit to grow wheat in order to let it rot on the ground, as
is the case now in parts of the province of Scinde and else-
where. But in Italy the drawback involved in deficient
communication is not presented in anything like the same
degree, and such deficiency as exists is being rapidly re-
medied by the energetic and enlightened action of the Go-
vernment. Italy is ripe for works of irrigation, and atten-
tion is naturally directed to those districts iri which there
is a lack of these facilities. Northern Italy has long been
known as one of the gardens of Europe. With a soil of
wonderful fertility, and a climate unsurpassed by any in
the world, the richness and variety of its productions have
been celebrated from the most ancient times. Many parts
are as well watend as any in our own island, but in many
others there is a great want of the means of irrigation, and
it is in one of tha most important of these that operations
are to be commenced by the company lately formed. The
serious light in vhich the Government regards the under-
taking is shown ly the fact that it has given a six per
cent. guarantee, besides providing for a sinking fund.
It is true that Italian Government guarantees have
latterly become somewhat plentiful in the mar
ket, as is natural when we consider the magni-
tude of the work e re-organisation just cast upon the Turin
Cabinet, bearing in mind, too, that re-organisation means
expense. But the new kingdom of Italy is playing its part
bravely, and, if 3overnment is compelled for the time to
make new securities faster than a strict attention to the

position of its credit in the market would suggest, it will

have its compensation hereafter, when the vast resources of
that fertile region will have fair play, and when the public
expenditure will be found susceptible of a very important
reduction. The guarantee on the capital of the irrigation
works forms, at bast, something substantial to go upon;
and, besides being an earnest of the hearty support of the
authorities, ensures a very acceptable minimum return to
the shareholders. Bat there seems to be every ground for
reliance that the profits of the undertaking will be of a
much more important kind than any 'indicated in the rate
of the guarantee. According to the custom of the country,
the company will have the right to take payment in kind
out of the increased revenue obtained through the irriga-
tion. The payment in this form varies from 25 to 30 per
cent. of the produce, and estimates prepared with great
care, and verified by the local authorities, show a profit on
the share capital of no less than 18 per cent. in addition to
the guaranteed interest of 6 per cent. It appears, more-
over, that substantial parties are always ready to farm
these payments in kind.

By operations of this nature, the Irrigation Company
completely links itself with the agricultural progress of the
country, and establishes an identity of interest which affords
the best security for success and for a permanent entensien
of Government support. It is another satisfactory feature,
in the present instance, that the English market is not ex•

elusively resorted to for the capital required. Native capi.
tal is likewise being largely embarked in the project. We

have always thought that this point has not been adequately
attended to in the foreign undertakings which are brought
forward here. If a French or Italian concern be intro-

duced on our market, atd it be found that the French or

_ _ ....
Italians do not take part in it, there is, primafacie, ground

,
'el distrusting the representations made. But of the share

for subscription in Turin, where the amount was fully taken
in less than three days. It would seem that our capitalists
may safely en:bark in it in company with the Italians, who
have the advantage of complete acquaintance with the pro-
posed scene of operations.

capital of the present scheme nearly one-half was reserved

Probably Austrian statesmen will little compre-
hend the nature of the measures specified in this
circular, which Ecclesiastical Toryism gloried in
defeating, on Parliamentary Wednesdays last year.
They would be astonished to find that the first was
to provide what the fourth article in the above
meeting of the Brighton Railway Com-
pany is called for the 29th inst. for a similar purpose, and
for, that no sect should be A special
a special meeting of the Great Northern for the 6th May,
feonrucmederatotiopnayptehoveidee:penses
of
another's worship.