The Sun.
London, England, 1865-11-04 00:00:00

!ME SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVEAING, NOVEMBER 4, lEU.

surrender of the individual liberty which has been
so long fought for and so hardly won were such a
system to .be adopted, and practical experience has
proved, moreover, that it would entirely fail in its
object. Whether we accept the general maxims of
philosoplr.v, or the more searching test of actual
experiment, we shall always find that an enforced
abstinence produces a corresponding violent re-
action. It is a hundred times told tale, and cer-
tainly, if total abstinence could by any possibility
be enforced upon this country in the present day,
the result would be something very unsatisfactory
to the Teetotallers. The meeting held yesterday
evening at the Mansion-house by the National
Temperance League, under the presidency of the
Lord Mayor, was fully and respectably attended.
A large number of gentlemen, members of different
professions, members of Parliament, and others,
were present, not necessarily implying their accept-
ance of total abstience principles by their presence,
but merely their wish to hear what was to be said
on the subject. The National Temperance League,
though kindred in its views to the United King-
dom Alliance, does not set about realising them in
the same manner. It does not advocate a Permis-
sive Bill, but it adopts the more suitable and
effectual means of argument persuasion and
moral influence. The object of the meeting last
night was to enable a deputation from the Tem-
perance League to lay before the audience facts and
statements relating to the movement, and to elicit
from those assembled a frank interchange of opinion
as to the means to be most effectually employed for
the removal of national intemperance. The tone of
this invitation, it will be seen, was fair and candid,
and far more likely to enlist a mixed audience in its
favour than the advocacy of a Permissive Bill. The
statistics given by Mr. GURNEY indicated very great
efforts on the part of the society, which have been
accompanied in many instances by very great suc-
ceas. There are various channels employed to gain
an influence over the rising generation, and the
efforts of the society extend even to India and the
Colonies. Still we cannot believe that such doc-
trines will ever find universal acceptance, and if it
were possible that they should do so, human
nature would be no nearer perfection than
it is now. It is not by the removal
of temptation, but by learning to resist
it that the wise man hopes to raise his kind ; and in
the same way that we have seen this great evil so
much diminished in the upper and middle classes,
we may hope that education, enlightenment, better
homes, and more accessible rational pleasures will
lessen it in the lower ranks. As the most popular
poetess of our day has well put it in her powerful
" Temperance Song :"

" God sent all things for our using,
Meat and malt, and oil and wine,
Woe attends the rash abusing
Heaven's merciful design.
Prize the boon ye are possessing,
But mark well the holy verse ;
Take enough, it is a blessing—
Take too much it proves a curse."
This is the true principle on which education and
reformation should be based, and, if less demon-
strative, it will be found far more powerful in its
general effects than extreme theories, which can
only enlist a few supporters, leaving the great mass
to the old evil ways.

Those who are interested— and who is not ?—in
the continued pre-eminence of our manufactures
should turn their attention to the remarks made a
few days since by Sir STAFFORD NORTHCOTE at
Exeter. The hon. baronet was present at the
ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the
Albert Memorial Museum, and took the opportu-
nity of making some remarks on the commercial im-
portance of scientific and artistic education. Many
persons occupied in business are inclined to under-
rate the advantages of such mental training and.
extended information for their children. They are
apt to think that a sound knowledge of the mere
rudiments of education is quite sufficient
to enable them to be successful merchants and ma-
nufacturers. But the world has moved on too fast
for that, and, as Sir STAFFORD NORTHCOTE clearly
showed, English manufacturers have now a great
battle to fight against foreign competition, and the
superiority of our trade and commerce cannot be
lightly maintained. Fifty years ago England had such
great advantages in capital and machinery that no
one could compete with her ; but now that other
countries have accumulated capital, and are improv-
ing their machinery as well as profiting by the
extension of free trade, the pressure of com-
petition is becoming more and more felt. It
is, therefore, as Sir STAFFORD NORTHCOTE
pointed out, absolutely necessary that England
should not fall behind in the cultivation of science
and art, " the application of which by her rivals
would render them more formidable, but which, if
England used them, would render her irresistible."
The artistic superiority of our continental rivals was
long accepted as a matter of course, but thanks to
the institution of schools of Art and Design, and
other efforts of the kind, Englishmen are rapidly
retrieving themselves. For many years it was
the fashion to declare that the fine arts would
never be popular in England, but at the present
day crowds flock to hear the standard pro-
ductions of the great masters of music ; and in
the same way the national taste for the sister art is
being slowly but surely developed. If the education
of the eye and ear is accepted as being as much a
part of instruction as the cultivation of the memory,
we shall soon see rapid progress. The more our
middle classes, our manufacturers and merchants,
encourage such institutions as these, the better it
will be for English trade and commerce, there being
no lack of taste or ability among us, but only the
want of opportunity for its cultivation and develop-
ment.

SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
Monday : Entomological, at 7. Tuesday : Horticultural,
at 3, Scientific Meeting and Election of Fellows; Ethnolo-
gical, at 8, "Report on Papers at Birmingham ; " Manners
and Customs of Little Popo, Bight of Benin," Capt. Wild-
man ; "Darien Indian," Dr. Cullen. Wednesday : Royal,
at 4i-; Microscopical, at 8, " Vegetable Parasites on Hu-
man Skin," Mr. Jabez Hogg ; Geological, at 8, " Subma-
rine Forest Beds, Porlock Bay," Mr. Goodwin-Austen;
"Marine Origin of Parallel Roads of Glenroy, Rev. R. B.
Watson. Friday : Astronomical, at 8. Saturday : Horti-
cultural, at 2.--Atheneum.
The ships now afloat on their voyage from India
to the Mersey with cotton number 47, with a total of
168,388 bales. Twenty-four vessels have also recently
cleared from American ports and are now bound to Liver-
pool, with 26,633 bales of cotton.
LORD PALMERSTON AND HARROW.—We have said
that ho was a public schoolman, and an Harrovian to the
last. The very last time that he was present at his old
school was on the occasion of the visit of the Prince and
Princess of Wales in 1864, for the "speeches." On that
occasion, when Dr. Butler was showing the Royal party
round, he referred the Princess to Lord Palmerston to
be the showman of his own name, a task which he
immediately undertook with his usual good nature.
He also laid the foundation stone of the Vaughan Library
on July 4, 1861, at the request of the present head-master,
and the old Harrovians who had subscribed to it, with au
evident readiness to pay that compliment to Dr. Vaughan's
successful administration of the school. It was a pouring
day, pouring during the process itself, which had to be per-
formed under umbrellas ; and Lord Palmerston, with his
usual facetiousness, managed in his speech, to bring in some
funny comparison between education and the "fertilising
showers," which refreshed and improved the soil, though
they were not always exactly to the taste of those who
were exposed to their influence. On these occasions, ho
generally got jauntily on horseback again, and rode back
to London in time for the afternoon debate, without stop-
ping to trouble himself about the "spread," to which all
the rest of the guests were repairing, at the Head Master's
house.—Once a Week.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE SANITARY CONFERENCE.

MADRID, Nov. 3 (Evening.)

The Spanish Government has accepted the invi-
tation of France to the Sanitary Conference at
Constantinople.

ITALY.
FLORENCE, Nov. 4.
The Duke of Montebello left yesterday for Rome,
ROME, Nov. 4.

Last night the Pontifical gendarmes attacked the
brigands in the territory of Terracina, and captured
Silvestro, the chief of the band. •

CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS.
SOUTHMPTON, Nov. 4.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Tanjore, with the heavy portion of the above mails,
has arrived here. She brings 120 passengers, £1,777
in specie, and a general cargo, including 1,573 bales
of raw silk value £140,000 sterling. On the 25th
ult. she spoke the English bark Mary Ridley, on
the 27th the brigantine Mystery, on the 28th, off
Cape de Glalle, the bark Day Star, 40 days from
Alexandria, and the brig Brothers, of Salcombe.
The 27th ult. was observed as a general thanks-
giving-day by the civil population at Gibraltar.
A thanksgiving-day had also been celebrated in
Valencia for the disappearance of cholera.
Gibraltar exchange on London, 49i. ; Paris and
Marseilles, 522 ; Madrid, to dis.

WEST INDIES.
REVOLT IN JA.AIAICA.

The Halifax Sun, of the 25th October, brought
by the China, says :
Considerable excitement was created yesterday
in consequence of a telegram received by Major-
General Doyle, to the following effect
" The Governor of Jamaica reports through Con-
sal General Bunch, that a rebellion of negroes had
occurred in the eastern district of the island of
Jamaica. Mr. Bunch's letter bears date the 18th
October."

Immediately a consultation of the military autho-
rities was held and preparations made for the imme-
diate despatch of troops to that Island. The 17th
Regiment are under orders to embark on board her
Majesty's ship Duncan, and will leave on Saturday
morning. A company of Engineers and a body of
Artillery, with some large guns, will also be sent.
At the dockyard all is activity preparing the vessels
for the reception of the troops, and making other
arrangements.

The Delta has been despatched to Prince Edward
Island, it is said, to bring the troops from there. It
is also stated that the Sphynx, daily expected here,
will be despatched to Bermuda, to convey orders for
the 2d Regiment to embark for Jamaica.

Various are the rumours in reference to the
state and cause of the revolt. Some time since
we noticed by the papers that, in consequence
of the scarcity of food, the coloured people of
Jamaica were suffering ; they had applied for relief
to the Government, and were much dissatisfied
with the answer received. Hunger, then, may have
been the cause. Another reason is assigned, viz.,
that the revolt among the coloured troops is in conse-
quence of their sympathy with the rebellion in the
republic of Hayti. We believe the population of
Jamaica is over 300,000, and of that number not
more than 20,000 are white. The proportion of the
coloured troops to the white is also large. If the
disaffection exists to any considerable extent, we
fear there may be disastrous results before assistance
reaches there. It is stated here that a collision had
taken place between the white and coloured troops,
and that the former had been compelled to fall back
to Port Royal, and from thence embarked on board
the men of war, which now blockade the harbour.

AMERICA.

(RETJTER'S EXPRESS.)
(Per the China.)

NEW YORK, Oct. 24 (Evening).

The news from the South is meagre, but satis-
factory. Business is being rapidly revived and
Northern capital largely invested. The question of
labour still, however, engrosses serious attention,
and fears are entertained that the crops for several
seasons, pending the effectual organisation of free
labour, must be far below their former average. In
some quarters the negroes are said to be discon-
tented, idle, and turbulent to an extent- justifying
fears of an insurrection ; but should any such out-
break occur, it is presumed that it would be con-
fined to some not very extended locality, and would
be speedily quelled by the military. The Freed-
men's Bureau have, however, taken important
measures to prevent such occurrences.
General Bennett, at Charleston, South Carolina,
issued an order instructing the Federal troops to
avoid interfering with the approaching election, and
to keep away from the vicinity of the polls. The
results of the election are as yet unknown. General
Wade Hampton and J. C. Orr were candidates for
the Governorship. General Hampton's friends were
confident of his election. Great animosity is said
to exist in some parts of the State between the
whites and negroes ; this is particularly the case on
the coast where the freedmen are established upon
abandoned plantations under the protection of the
Freedmen's Bureau. It is alleged that the negroes
are allowing the land to run to waste, although
they will not relinquish them, and that they are
merely raising enough to sustain themselves, and are
making no provisions for regular crops. Most of
the negroes are armed and serious collisions were
apprehended. General 0. 0. Howard, chief of the
Freedmen's Bureau has gone to South Carolina for
the purpose of effecting an adjustment of the exist-
ing difficulties and averting any serious consequences
of the antipathy developed in the section between
the races.

In Mississippi the excitement attending the election
had passed away without any disturbance, and the
people were earnestly aiding the authorities in their
efforts to restore the prosperity of the State, and to
secure political harmony. Governor Humphreys is
said to be very popular, as also are all the recently
elected officials.

The Wirz trial has at last closed, and the de-
cision of the court will be rendered in a few days.
Colonel Chipman, Judge-Advocate, concluded his
argument for the prosecution on the 21st. He
claimed that Wirz had, according to the evidence,
perpetrated eighteen murders with his own hands.
At the conclusion of the argument Wirz, at his
own request, underwent a medical examination for
purpose of showing that he could not have been in a
physical condition to commit the violence attributed
to him. The examination showed his right arm to
have suffered severely from prolonged necrosis, and
his system to be severely shattered by scurvy and
gangreen sores.
The Fenian Congress at Philadelphia has nearly
closed its present session. The office of Head
Centre has been abolished and that of President
created, Col. John o'lllahony being elected unani-
mously president of all the brotherhood in North
America. A so. called Superior Council has been
created likewise. Rumours are current to the effect
that Sir F. W. Bruce has filed a serious protest
against the encouragement of the Fenian movement
by American citizens, or its toleration by Federal
authorities.
President Johnson on Saturday pardoned nearly
200 South Carolinians.

....
Among those who yesterday had private inter-
views with the President were Hon. Pierre Soule,
Hon. R. M. S. Hunter of Virginia, and the Confe-
derate General Richard Taylor. The latter is a
brother-in-law to Mr. Davis. _

The following important proclamation was issued
at Mexico on the 2d of October .

" Mexicans,—The cause which Benito Juarez up-
held with so much valour and constancy succumbed
some time since, not only to the national will, but
to the very law which
that leader invoked in sup-

port of his claims ; and to-day even the bandits
into which the partisans of the cause have degene-
rated have been abandoned by the departure of their
chief from his native soil.

" The National Government was for a long time
indulgent, extending clemency to those misguided
men to enable them to join the majority of the
nation, and once more pursue the path of duty. In
this the Government was successful, and honourable
men ranged themselves under its banners with confi-
dence in its just and liberal policy. The cause of
disorder was sustained only by a few leaders whose
passions stifled their patriotism, by the most
demoralised of the lower classes, and by a lawless
soldiery, such as always remains the last sad vestige
of civil war.

" From henceforth the contest will be solely be-
tween the respectable men of the nation and bands
of criminals and highwaymen. There can be no
more leniency, as it will benefit only bands of men
who burn villages and rob and assassinate peaceful
citizens, decrepit old men, and defenceless women.
The Government, strong in its power, will from this
day forth administer punishment inflexibly, as
called for by the laws of civilisation, the rights of
humanity, and the requirements of morality."
A decree accompanying the proclamation an-
nounces that all who in arms oppose the Govern-
ment are to be tried by court-martial, and, if con-
victed, to be executed within 24 hours there-
after.

The Estafette, of Mexico, states that Juarez.has
proposed to give in his adhesion to the Imperial
Government, on condition that all foreign troops
are to be withdrawn from the community.

The Ministerial Crisis in Greece.
(REUTER'S EXPRESS.)

• ATHENS, OCt. 26.

•The crisis foreseen for some time past has at last
come about, and the Coumoundouros Ministry has
fallen. Harassed upon the one hand by the exorbi-
tant demands of his friends, and upon the other by
the incessant attacks of the Opposition, the late
Premier may congratulate himself upon being able
to make a respectable retreat in the face of a Par-
liamentary majority. The immediate cause of the
catastrophe was as follows :
The Ministry had brought in a series of bills for
administrative and judicial reorgnisation, reduc-
tions to be effected in the budget, and sundry new
taxes. The Opposition availed themselves of the
opportunity, and selected the bill for raising a tax to
improve and maintain the ways of communication as
the battle-ground. The Opposition speakers frankly
admitted they had no objection to the tax in itself,
but they did object to granting fresh supplies to a
Government in which they had no confidence. The
debate therefore turned solely upon the question
of confidence, and resulted in the defeat of the
Ministry by 76 to 69.
M. Coumoundouros and his colleagues imme-
diately sent in their resignations, advising that M.
Bulgaris should be entrusted with the formation
of a new Cabinet, and it is understood that states-
man is now with the King. The difficulties he
is likely to encounter may be classed as external
and internal. Among the former rank the diffe-
rences of opinion likely to exist between the King
and himself with regard to Count Sponneck and
to Court appointments. It is believed, however,
that these are not insurmountable. The first might
be got over by quietly ignoring the Danish adviser
altogether. The King is of age, his Ministers con-
sult with himself personally, and the Count has
no official position. It is thought an eminent
party chief like M. Bulgaris would best con-
sult his own dignity by not appearing to know
there was such a person as Count Sponneck
in existence. Upon the question of court appoint-
ments there is the awkward fact that, in times past,
M. Bulgaris maintained that he, as a Constitutional
Minister, had a right to be heard, while the King
declared that he would permit no interference with
the composition of his household. Nevertheless, the
opinion generally prevails that these difficulties are
by no means so serious as thi internal obstacles to
be overcome in the formation of a Bulgaris Cabinet.
The party is far from being united. The personal
friends of the Opposition, the Othoists, and the
advanced Liberals have coalesced to overthrow the
common enemy ; but whether they will heartily
co-operate in establishing a strong and durable
Ministry in its place is altogether another question.
The text of the despatch forwarded by M.
Brailus, in reply to Mr. Farquhar's note upon the
Zante affair recently alluded to, has just transpired.
It is as follows :

" Athens, Aug. 10-22, 1865.

" M. le Ministre,—The Government of his Hel-
lenic Majesty has read with regret the note Mr.
Farquhar did me the honour of addressing to me
in your name on the 23d June last. Thoroughly
convinced that the Government of her Britannic
Majesty respnts the principle of non-intervention
in the internal affairs of this kingdom, it can only
attribute the origin of that communication to the
very natural interest with which a country formerly
placed under its guardianship must inspire one of
the protecting Powers of Greece. Great Britain
having, in fact, by virtue of an European treaty,
given up that protection from a feeling which does
her honour in the eyes of Europe and gives her new
rights to the gratitude of Greece, she remains with
reference to the annexed provinces in the same
position with regard to the Greek kingdom and to
any other province as every other State.

"In other respects the good faith of the Hellenic
Government could not be in any way called in
question, as it is evident that by neglecting the duty
of protection and guardianship it is bound to exer-
cise for the welfare of all its subjects, it would react
in a most inconceivable manner against. its own in-
terests. Although it has neglected no precaution
to fulfil this duty in the island of Zante as well as
in the other provinces, it would not be surprising if,
notwithstanding all its efforts, the condition of that
island were not in every point satisfactory. These
difficulties are of ancient date, and it would be easy
for us to give very long explanations in demonstra-
tion of this fact.

" Confining myself, however, as I ought, to the
facts reported in the above-mentioned note of Mr.
Farquhar, I have the honour to forward you a letter
from the Nomarch of Zante, accompanied by a
report from the Chief of the Police, from which it
will be seen that the two individuals in question are
already in the hands of justice, and I can assure
you, M. le Ministre, that since the last communica-
tion of the British Legation, the state of the island
of Zante has been extremely satisfactory in point of
tranquillity and public safety.—Receive, &c.
(Signed) " BRAIL'AS ARMENIS."