The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-13 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDOr, MONDAY EVENI Y G, OCTOBER 13, 1862

GARIBALDI PARDONED !

A letter from Spezzia, dated October 6, says :
Amongst the questions of the day, which were " t® be or
not to be," one is just resolved. Garibaldi and his fol-
lowers have been amnestied I The news reached Varig-
nano yesterday evening, while he was sleeping, and he heard
it about twelve o'clock, when he awoke.
It was with something less than mere indifference he
listened to the not over gracious terms in which M. Urbano

Rattazzi announced his master's pleasure—" The King has
this day signed the decree for the amnesty of those who,
either as principals or accomplices, took part in those acts
or attempts at rebellion which have lately occurred in the
southern provinces of the kingdom."
Now, considering first of all that up to yesterday the
Ministers were in daily discussion, not only how and where,
but for what precise offence to try Garibaldi, it does seem
rather a hasty assumption to call it rebellion; not to men-
tion that carrying war into a neighbouring State is a very
Irish notion of rebellion. Were our countrymen who
assisted the Pope, and fought and bled—or did not bleed as
the case might be—at Castelfidardo rebels? were the
patriots, as they used to be called, who followed Bolivar,
rebels? were the Legion of Excursionists who joined Gari-
baldi at Naples rebels ? and are all those of our countrymen
who have taken service, North and South, in America
rebels ?

Many able lawyers, it is said, have declared that were
Garibaldi to be tried by a court of assize no conviction
could be had ; at all events, the Ministers did not make
the attempt, though they have now coupled his name with
the designation which only a conviction could fix upon it.
I understand that if he alone had to be consulted he
would refuse the grace in the shape and terms it has
been offered him ; but he could not bring himself to prolong
the imprisonment of the poor fellows whose sufferings and
sickness have been greater and more fatal than the cap-
tivity of felons usually inflicts.
Politically, the measure was a failure. The rumour goes
that the permission of the Emperor could not be obtained
till yesterday, although the king ardently desired to announce
the amnesty on the morning of the Princess's marriage.
The. Emperor waited, it is said, to see what effect the Ro-
man correspondence with Thouvenel and Lavalette would
produce ; and, not perceiving that it altered in any way the
firm determination of the nation, he consented to the am-
nesty. The English meetings had, doubtless, their influ-
ence too upon the imperial mind. Men were saying every
day very unpleasant truths, and were not always minded
to be careful of their expressions, as either strict morality
or good taste would enjoin.

Had the amnesty followed at once on " Aspromonte,"
the effect would hive been different, and even the army
would have felt less irritation than it now does at this grace
to Garibaldi, which is so lamely worded and so long de-
ferred.

Garibaldi himself is, certainly, of all the prisoners I have
seen, the least sensible to the royal favour. To be sure, he
is wounded and bed-ridden, and the word liberty to his ears
conveys nothing but an idea. All the pardons that ever
were engrossed on parchment cannot help the exfoliation of
a splintered bone, or hasten its restoration. His prison
must still be his hospital. For many a week yet win
the true aim of the bersagliere cost him air, and
exercise, and freedom. At the very earliest it will be
three months before he can be moved with safety even
to Spezzia. When speaking of this to-day it was remark..
able to see with what implicit faith he himself recurred
to the words of Dir. Partridge, and said, "He told me it
would be a long business, and that I must summon patience
for at least 12 or 14 weeks."

But though few men have lived a lite of such eventful
activity, fewer still are blessed with such self-command as
Garibaldi. They who accuse him of impatience and rest-
less irritability in his late attempt have not caught the
right measure of the man. He miscalculated—if you
like—and the landing at Marsala in 1860 would have
been the very self-same miscalculation if M. Rattazzi
had been Minister instead of Cavour. Instead of
the strong wish and the noble daring of a really great
statesman, substitute the wavering policy and the ready
subserviency of a mere lawyer, and Marsala would have
been a greater disaster than Aspromonte I lam not in this
justifying the late attempt, or endeavouring to defend its
loyalty, or maintain its prudence; but it would not be one
whit harder to do all these three than to establish the right
of Garibaldi's first invasion, and to declare that it was well-
judged and prudent.
" Before you reprove us for Aspromonte, give back Sicily
and Naples. Before you talk of punishing us for a fraud,
make restitution of what we stole for you"—these are the
words I heard from a Garibaldian to-day, and he assured
me they have occurred in some shape or other to many
thousands of his quick-witted countrymen. " You never
amnestied us after Melazzp," said another.

Perhaps if one could search Garibaldi's heart, the
sorest spot in it is for those men like Medici, Cosenz, and
Bixio, whom he certainly loved, and whose he made, and
some of whom, now seated beside Ministers, deliberate
calmly, and weigh maturely, the words of the master's
pardon ; for he was the master, and without him they nei-
ther were, nor ever will be, anything.
The music of Spezzia—as certain very untuned fiddles
and some damaged horns are called—has just gone out by
boat to salute and serenade Garibaldi, and the night is a
glorious one, with the moon at full ; and so I conclude my
rhapsody, and wish you a " felicissima notte."

either nil or in the hands of creditors. There is an instance
of 15 huissiers being seen one evening laying
siege to a cash
box which contained only 30 francs. They carried off two
francs apiece. If the actor should be reduced to the
painful extremity of arresting his manager for the salary
owing, the latter has only to keep out of the way for a
while--he takes care not to go out till after suruet, and
that's all. Formerly the presence of the manager at the
theatre was an indispensable condition to tee continu-
ance of his privilege. But now a manager gets himself
represented by an official assignee, and governs his domi-
nions like a little Tiberius from his court at Caprea. Even
if he stay in town he does not run much :danger. Of course
we do not mean to say that bumbailiffs are otherwise than
incorruptible, but they are remarkably fond of the play. A
friend of mice, an actor, who being out of patience) with-
drew his papers from a bailiff in whose hands they had re-
mained fruitlessly for a very long time, found among them
a brief note thus worded :---" My dear sir, you may reckon
upon the box you asked me for.—Your devoted, X." Now
the " dear sir" ought to have arrested the " devoted" di •
rector; but these was a thick kg that night, and he did not
see him. The public has no idea of the despotic power of
the manager over the actor. If the latter presses for his
just due the manager can make hislife miserable and even
break his career. He will find himself no longer applauded
when he plays; nay, even the hired claque will hiss him ;
he is forced to rehearse pieces never intended to be played,
and the worst parts are carefully selected for him. If he
does not like his treatment the only thing is for him to pay
smart money to obtain his liberty by cancelling his agree-
ment. If he goes to law an eloquent advocate will prove to
the public that he has no talent whatever. In short, the law
is powerless to do justice between actor and manager; no-
thing but the paternal intervention of authority can prevent
the grossest abuse of the manager's power. When it is clear
beyond all doubt that the manager is insolvent, his position
becomes quite a delightful one. Ile crosses his arms and
gives himself no trouble : he is housed and fed like a good
servant, and he does not even sweep out the rooms. If an
actor asks him for money, he replies haughtily, " I have
nothing to do with it; speak to my man of business." He
is a "privileged" being in the most emphatic sense of the
the word, for he enjoys a privilege which authority hesi-
tates to deprive him of, His insolvency is his strength.
The more numerous his creditors the greater the number
of his supporters. A story is told of a fast American
who very frequently became insolvent. Every time he
assembled his creditors, and offered them 5 per cent.,
which they accepted with thanks and blessings. But at
about the fifteenth failure he addressed them as follows :
" My good friends, the times are hard, and I am only able
on this occasion to offer 41- per cent." Upon this a tumult
arose in the auditory, and the accustomed dividend was
loudly called for. " Well," said the debtor, " let us have
no disturbance about it. I will pay the other half per cent.
if you must have it, but I give you my honour it comes
out of my pocket." There are, lam assured, managers in
Paris who beat the American. They assemble their cre-
ditors, not to offer them 5 per cent., but to ask them for
ten—and wonderful to relate, the creditors give them the
money. Of course, these latter are not so simple as to sup-
pose that a theatre which, beginning without debts, and
having been successful has managed to incur a debt of five
or six hundred thousand francs, will ever pay it off. That
they know to be mathematically impossible ; but they keep
the manager afloat in the vague hope of getting something
by his taking other people in as he has taken in them.
Count Walewski has a firm will, a clear, practical head,
and an enlightened solicitude for the drama. lie has already
rooted out many abuses. Actors well know that he is
anxious for their interests. If his excellency is properly
seconded ; if his orders are faithfully carried out, the pre-
sent disgraceful things will be put an end to. In terminat-
ing this long disquisition, I feel bound to say that there
are very many excellent managers who are prudent, cap-
able, zealous, and discharge all their obligations with the
greatest punctuality. Some also there are who are un-
fortunate, and not from their own fault, and who even when
they fall deserve sympathy, and command universal esteem.

HARTLEY INSTITUTE INAUGURA7ION.

SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 11.

The preparations for the inauguration of the
Hartley Institution by Lord Palmerston on Wed-
nesday are now complete. The anxiety to get
tickets for the banquet and the ball is very great.
Nearly 200 banquet, 1,500 inauguration, and 1,200
ball tickets have been issued. The ball and banquet
are at the expense of Mr. Perkins, the mayor. Lord
and Lady Palmerston and Lady Jocelyn, the step-
daughter of the Premier, have accepted invitations
to the ball. The procession will be formed at 1
p.m., the inauguration will take place at 2 p.m.,
and the banquet at 4 p.m. The official part of the
procession will consist of 2,500 persons, and will in-
clude all the officers of the literary and scientific
institutions of the town. It will be about a mile
long. The corporation will be in open carriages.
The avenue through which the procession will
march in order to enter the town is nearly two miles
in length, and is one of the finest town entrances
in the kingdom. Most of the shops in the High-
street will be closed, and at night the town will be
illuminated. The ancient Bargate will have illu-
minated representations of the arms of Lord Pal-
merston, the mayor of the town, and the late
Mr. Hartley, the founder of the institution.
The concert which will take place after the
banquet is likely to be a great success ; Madile.
Parepa, Miss Laura Baxter, Mr. Montem Smith,
and other eminent musicians are engaged. The
mayor has kindly thrown open the theatre to the
public in the evening. Many persons have let their
windows and balconies to spectators to witness the
procession, which will be, if the weather is fine, a
picturesque and imposing one. No carriages will
be allowed in the procession besides those of Lord
Palmerston and the members of the corporation.
His lordship will have to come into Southampton
by what is called the upper Romsey-road, and
after passing by Chilworth and Bassett he will ap-
proach the upper part of Southampton-common, an
extensive and park-like country, where he will be
met by the procession. His guard of honour will
be a troop of volunteer cavalry. The procession
will be a military, naval, and civic spectacle, as the
officers and crews of the two frigates permanently
stationed in Southampton Water, the Royal Engi-
neers of the Ordnance survey, and the volunteers
will take part. The Bishop of Rochester, who for-
merly belonged to this town, will walk with the
clergy. The words " Palmerston, England's Pilot,"
are now being marked out on the Bargate in gigan-
tic letters for an illumination.

IRE NA 17.1' .

The Hamalaya, screw troopship, Capt. E. Lacy,
arrived. at Portsmouth on Saturday morning from
Gravesend, and will be docked preparatory to fur-
ther service on the large dock being vacated by the
St. George. During the stay of the ship at Grave-
send, his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge,
accompanied by Quartermaster-General Sir Richard
Airey, arrived at Gravesend on board the Vivid
paddle yacht, and paid a visit to the Himalaya. He
was received by Lieut. Nott, senior lieut. on board,
and Mallard, the paymaster, who conducted his
Royal Highness over every part of the ship. On
leaving the Himalaya the duke expressed his regret
that the Admiralty had only one Himalaya for the
service of the army, but hoped there would soon be
three or four vessels available to the state as army
transports. It will be remembered that the last
service outward from England of the Himalaya was
the conveyance to Canada of upwards of 1,000
women and children, families of officers and soldiers
belonging to the regiments sent oat to Canada dur-
ing the Trent crisis. This large number of women
and children, the largest ever conveyed at a time in
one vessel, were landed in Canada without a single
casualty. This service is not only a credit to the
ship, but nlso to the officei.s serving on board, and
particularly so to her senior lieutenant and pay-
master, who had the chief care of all the arrange-,
ments. In performing-this duty the ship has given
another proof of her excellent capabilities as a
troopship, and it cannot but be a matter of congra-
tulation to the Admiralty that they possess a vessel
which always, and under every circumstance, per-
forms her duties satisfactorily, whether as regards
her economy as a troopship or the speed and regu-
larity of her voyages.
The Chanticleer, 17, screw, Commander Claarles
Stirling, is expected to leave Spithead to-day for
the Mediterranean.

Her Majesty's paddle yacht Victoria and Albert,
Capt. G. H. Seymour, will sail to •morrow morning
from Portsmouth for Antwerp, to convey her Ma-
jesty to England on the termination of the royal
visit to Germany. According to existing art ange-
ments, should the weather prove favourable, the
royal yacht is expected to return direct to Osborne
from Antwerp. Should the weather, however, not
be favourable for the voyage down Channel, the
yacht will proceed to the Thames.
The Galatea, 26, screw, Capt. Rochfort Maguire,
lying at Spithead, is under orders to proceed' to
North America and the West Indies. Before leav-
ing, however, she is to be fitted with a ventilating
fan below, which will detain her at her present an-
chorage for a few days.
The St. George, 86, screw, Capt. the Hon. Francis
Egerton, went into Portsmouth harbour on Satur-
day from Spithead for the purpose of being docked,
to replace some sheets of copper rubbed off her
bottom, and repair damage to her garboard
strake, caused by her grounding during her cruise
with the Channel fleet in the Baltic. A doubt
existing as to the possibility of placing the ship in
dock to-day owing to her draught of water, 27 feet
and the tides now taking off, it was determined to
lighten her by taking out part of her guns. She
was lying lashed alongside the Caesar, a sister ves-
sel now lying in ordinary, and it might have been
supposed that the unencumbered decks of the latter
were just the places to receive them. The guns,
however, were deposited in ordnance lighters,
which involved not only a great extra expense, but
also a corresponding waste of time. The ship will
be placed in dock to-day if it is found possible to do
so, but this very doubt is another, and one of the
strongest arguments which can be used in favour of
the immediate construction of docks at Portsmouth
having deep water entrances. The Channel fleet
have now been lying at Spithead, with the excep-
tion of the Trafalgar, ever since its return from the
Baltic, and every ship required doeking, as all had
been on shore during their Baltic cruise. Ports-
mouth is not behind other yards in dock accommo-
dation—yet wily one dock exists there which will
receive first-class ships. and the consequences have
been that each ship has had to wait its turn, and
even now the repairs of the fleet are not yet com-
pleted.
The Agamemnon, 86, screw, Capt. Thos. Hope,
dismantling, at Portsmouth, will be paid out of corn-
mission on the 18th inst.

The Defence, 16, iron ram, Capt. Phillimore,
anchored at Spithead, is ordered to be fitted with a
ventilating fan to her magazines, prior to sailing
on her heat cruise.

The Barossa, 21, screw steam corvette, 1,700 tons,
400 horse power, Capt. Wm. M'Dowell, which has
been recently commissioned for service in China,
was taken to the measured mile off Maplin Sands
for the trial of her machinery, on Friday, pre-
viously to her departure for her destination; but,
iu consequence of the excessive priming, owing to
some disarrangement in the injection pipes, the
trial could not be made. It is thought that the
internal arrangement of the piping requires altera-
tion. The ship was brought back into the harbour,
and some days will elapse before she will be again
fit for trial.

The Trafalgar, 70, screw steamship, 2,900 tons,
500 horse power, has been removed from Sheerness
dockard, where she has undergone thorough repair,
to the repair. She is to have six months' supplies
put on board, when she will again the Channel
squadron.

The Pylades, 21, screw steam corvette, 1,278 tons,
350 horse power, which has been undergoing
thorough repair at Chatham dockyard, was taken
out on trial of her machinery at the measured mile
off Maplin Sand, in Charge of Commander Miley
Crewe Read, of the Cumberland; Mr. W. Rumble,
inspector of machinery afloat in the steam reserve at
Sheerness, Mr. Baker, chief engineer at Chatham
dockyard, had the superintendence of the engines.
She is fitted with Smith's screw, with the leading
corners cut. The pitch of the screw is 20ft., and the
diameter 15ft. gin. An average speed, with full
boiler power, of 10.742 knots was attained. The re-
volutions of engines were 601 per minute; pressure
of steam, 19 ; vacuum, 26ft. forward, 21ft. aft, A
speed of 8.235 was also attained at half-boiler power,
with 481 revolutions. She turned the circle in 4 min.
20 sec., half-circle in 2 min. 30 sec. ; the diameter of
the circle was three times the length of the vessel.
The wind was easterly, with a force of from five to
six, and the sea was tolerably smooth. The trial
was considered satisfactory.
The Rosario, 11, Capt. Graham, is lying in Great
Yarmouth roads, being engaged in protecting the
British fishing interests off the eastern coast.
The screw steamship Princess Royal, 89, was
towed on Friday from her moorings among the
steam reserve in Hamoaze to the basin in Devon-
port dockyard. On Saturday she was to be placed
in No. 1 dock to have her bottom cleaned and valves
overhauled. It is suppo-ed that she will be prepared
for commission fortiwith, and that she may be sent
to Falmouth to take the place of the Coastguard
screw steamship Russell, 60, Captain W. K.
C.B. tguard

The paddlewheel steamsloop Virago, 6, Comman-
der Johnson,
bution amOn wgi
from Sheerness, arrived on Friday at
Plymouth, tthhseupsheripnsumtheerraer.y seamen for distri-
The paddlewheel steamsloop Geyser, 6, Comman-
der Colin Campbell, from QlleenStOWN, Wit
Afterh prov
dis-
i-
sions, arrived on Friday at Plymouth.
charging she will return for another cargo.
The screw steamsloop Perseus, fitting at Devon-
port, is nearly ready for sea. She will be supplied
with two Armstrong guns-40 pounders.
The following appointments were made on Satur-
day at the Admiralty :—Lieut. W. 0. Karslake,
the
+o
Williamson, engineer, additional
the Leopard; Lieut. Robert H. Thompson, to ' -
Galatea ; W.to the
Bacchante; J. Baptist, first-class assist.-engineer,
to the Bacchante ; A. Moreton, first-class assistant-
engineer, engineer, to the Indus for the Tilbury R.
• Ditch-
burn, first-class assist,-engineer, to the
48i4 for the