The Sun.
London, England, 1862-03-03 00:00:00

INSUB.RECTION IN GREECE.

" Private letters from Athens," says the Moniteur,
" give more circumstantial details relative to the
events at Naup tie. Argos is said to have been
occupied by the Royal troops without firing a shot.
Nine soldiers and one officer were made prisoners.
General Hahn is said to have completely invested
Nauplia, and the fort will be also blockaded on the
sea side. The insurgents attempted a sortie on tiic
19th of February, in order to procure water by
taking possession of the springs of Glykia, near
Tirynthus, but they were repulsed. The town is
in great want of water and provisions, which will
lead to numerous desertions. Gen. Colocotroni,
who commands the Peloponnesus, has also attacked
and defeated two companies of infantry who wera
going to Nauplia to join the insurgents. The bag-
gage and ammunition of this detachment fall into
the hands of the Royal troops, who made many
prisoners." Other adviecs from Athens, dated Feb.
22, by no means gives so favourable an account.
They state that Nauplia is difficult to be taken, and
in any case impossible for the troops which the
Government has at is disposal. It is occupied by

1,500 regular troops, or one quarter of the Greek
army—by a large number of volunteers from diffe-
rent points in the Peloponnesus and Arcadia, and
by a population of 5,000, who have ranged them-
selves on the side of the insurrection. The town has
provisions for several months, order reigns in it,
and it is governed by a committee, composed of the
most influential persons of the population. The de-
mands made in a proclamation addressed to the
Hellenic people by this committee are as follows
1. The removal of the system followed with so
much perseverance by the Government until now,
and the establishment of a new one which shall offer
guarantees for the liberty of the people and for the
application of really liberal principles. 2. The dis-
solution of tha Chamber of Deputies, which was
elected by violent means. 3. The convocation of a
National Assembly, which shall promise to recover
the national liberties that have trampled under foot,
and to attain accomplishment of all our noble and
patriotic desires. Raise your suppliant hands,
fellow. citizens, towards the Almighty for the suc-
cess of our cause, and further with all your means

the re-establishment of your liberties, and the
establishment of good faith and salutary principles
for our country."
The King, as is known, at the first news of the

insurrection, hastened to Corinth, and thence
addressed to the troops the following allocution :
" It is with profound grief that I have learnt that
men to whom I will no longer give the noble title
of soldiers, which you bear, have by insurrection
tarnished the honour of the army. These men have
rendered themselves unfaithful to the Constitution
and the laws, which impose, for the welfare of the
country, as a first duty on every soldier, fidelity and
submission to the King, chief of the army. In call-
ing on you to put down the revolt, I have confided
to you the honour of the Greek army. By your
fidelity and courage you will wipe out the stain
which they have attempted to cast on your honour.
I announce to you that all my faithful people offer
themselves with good will to co operate with youin
the maintenance of the existing state of things,
which they consider as the surest guarantee for
their present welfare and their glory in the future."

ROYAL INSTITUTION.

" SLEEPING AND DREAMING."

There was a crowded meeting of the members of
the Royal Institution and their friends on Friday
evening, on which occasion Mr. A. E. Durham de-
livered a lecture " On Sleeping and Dreaming." In
his preliminary observation on the beneficial effects
of sleep as a restorer of the exhausted energies of
the brain and nerves, Mr. Durham said that the
daily average duration of sleep required by an adult
is eight hours ; that persons advanced in life re-
quire more, and that for younger persons a still
longer proportion of sound slumber is necessary.
Many persons, he said, can do with less sleep than
others, but that generally a healthy state cf body
cannot be maintained with a less proportion of sleep
than eight hours in the 24. He did not think it
very material whether the necessary quantity of
sleep be taken in the night or during the day,
though it is desirable that the mind when in an
active state should be invigorated by the oxygenis-
ing rays of the sun. He mentioned many facts
showing the necessity of sleep to sustain life, and
among ethers the sentence of death inflicted on a
murderer in China of being kept awake till he died.
The torture of such a death is extreme, and on the
eighth day the convict implored the attendants to
kill him. After the eighth day he became partially
insensible, and died on the 16th. Mr. Durham
took a material view of the action of sleep, re-
garding it as a chemical process during which
the brain tissue regains from the blood the
power that had been exhausted during the
activity of the mind. He said that to
enable him to ascertain the condition of the brain in
the states of sleep, of dreaming, and of complete
activity, he administered chloroform to a dog, and
when the animal was insensible he removed a por-
tion of the skull and substituted for it a piece of
glass, by which means he could see the different
conditions of the brain. He found that when the
dog was asleep the blood vessels were comparatively
empty ; the arteries lost their bright red colour, and
assumed in some degree the blue colour of the veins;
whilst the brain-tissue collapsed, leaving a space
within the skull which was filled with cerebrous
spinal fluid. When the dog was roused from slum-
ber the blood-vessels resumed their functions, and
the brain filled the whole cavity of the skull; and
when rendered partially insensible by chloroform,
a modified collapse of the brain occurred. For the
purpose of showing the action of the capillary ves-
sels, through the agency of which the oxygen of the
arterial blood is distributed throughout the body
and the carbon is removed, the foot of a frog was
shown, magnified on a screen by the electric lamp,
by which means the circulation of the blood was
made visible to the whole audience. There were
also exhibited for illustration numerous models and
diagrams of the brain, showing the ramifications of
minute blood-vessels in every part ; and it is, he
said, on the state in which those vessels are with
respect to the activity of the heart that the condi-
tions of sleep and of dreaming depend. The subject
of dreaming, however, Mr. Durham was obliged to
pass over almost unnoticed, in consequence of 'his
having occupied too much time in the preliminary
observations on the nature and effects of sleep.

211 E REVISED ('ODE OF .EDUCATION
AND THE HOUSE OF LORDS.

On Tuesday the Bishop of Oxford will present
petitions to the House of Lords against the revised
code of education, and call the attention of the house
to the proposed alterations.
On Friday next Lord Lyttelton will move the
following resolutions in the chamber of the Lords:
"1. That certificated teachers and Queen's
scholars have an equitable claim upon the Govern-
ment for the undiminished payment of the allow-
ances hitherto granted to them on certain conditions
as long as those conditions are fulfilled.
" 2. That this house approves of the principle of
public aid being given to elementary schools accord-
ing to their success in performing their work,
and also of the principle_ of paid assistants in
schools being engaged according to the market
value of their services from time to time; but that
it considers that the manner in which it is proposed
in the revised code to give effect to those principles
is in some respects objectionable.
" 3. That the provisions of the Article 40, accord-
ing to which the proposed capitation grant is to be
paid in respect of the attainments of the children
in reading, writing, and arithmetic, are not satis-
factory.hat any system of public aid to schools
, ,4. T
ought to include some specific advantage to schools
in which the branches of instruction above the ele-
ments,,s. are successfully ctcheesspfruolvlyision in
taught.section (A) Article 41,
is not satisfactory.

6. That the diary and log book described in
Articles 50 57, if required at all, ought to be more
simply and fully explained.
f. 7, That in the event of the Government aban-
doning the direct connexion which it has hitherto
maintained with pupil-teachers and other assistant
teachers in schools, it ought to be left without pre-
judice to the managers of schools to decide whether
or not they
assiotanto." 'will have such pupil-teachers or