The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-13 00:00:00

THE SUN, bONOON, WE SD 4V EVENING, AUGUST 13, 1862.

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 13, 1862

The Garibaldiane in Sicily are not yet it appears
dispersed. The fact is acknowledged even in the
advices coming to us from Turin. It is certainly
added that GARIBALDI—whiIe still retaining 3,000
men under his banners—finds himself without any
of the " sinews of war," without money and with-
out provisions, without ammunition, without even
the ghost of anything in the shape of an organised
commissariat. We may believe, of course, exactly
as much of this as we please. Remembering—how
but a few days since, according to the tame trust-
worthy authority, it was confidently predicted
that the General would find it impracticable to
collect together for his new enterprise even 100
adherents ! How almost within twenty-four
hours afterwards that scarcely imaginary band of
100 hed miraculously become transformed into a
substantial body of 800 Garibaldians ! How, ac-
cording to the very next telegram, those 800 were
confessed to be 3,000 at the very least ! Afterwards
—nay, as recently as yesterday—the followers of
GARIBALDI were confidently reported to have been
dispersed. And now, to-day,they are as confidently
described to be in the hopeless condition but just
now particularised, viz., at that " last stage of all"
—sans cash, sans food, sans everything !
Yet when we come to look at the actual and ac-
knowledged situation of things now in Sicily, the
foregoing statement carries with it its own refuta-
tion. GARIBALDI is still there in Sicily at the head
of his followers. Proof positive—that GARIBALDI
is
not so entirely without the means of keeping
them together, as above intimated by the Turin
correspondence! Proof positive—that funds are
somehow or another at his command—that provi-
sions are somehow or another within his reach. As
to the Garibaldians
being without ammunition, we
give a sufficiently good account of
dare say they will
themselves in that particular, directly they are en-
abled to discover the opportunity.
As to the probabilities, however,
or
their dis-
covering that opportunity • What is there in any-
way reliable that we can learn in regard
to that,
through a careful scrutiny and comparison
of our
intelligence from Northern and Southern Italy,
through a collation of the tidings reaching us indi-
rectly, via Turin, or directly from Palermo ? Why,
they' are all agreed in this—that GARIBALDI,
according to the very last news we hear
of him, had moved with the mass of his
followers (not all together, of course, but in
straggling divisions) away from that island
and almost inaccessible position at Corleone, known
for some time past as the Garibaldian head-quar-
ters ! The General in fact was on his way from
Palermo to Messina. In other words, he was in
process of moving his forces, numbering in all about
3,000, from one extremity of the island to the other,
from the north-west to the north-cast. But from
the very course he is taking while advancing from
Palermo to Messina, it is tolerably evident that
GARIBALDI is not acting in any way in a hurry or
precipitately. On the 7th inst. he had reached
i:occa Palomha. Upon the following day, that is
Upon the Bth inst., he was at Santa Catarina. And
as it was clearly understood among his followers
that the General, on his i
s road rom Palermo to Mes-
sina, would pass through and make a halt at Caltani-
setta—it becomes manifest from the geographical
position of Caltanisetta relatively to Palermo in one
direction and to Messina in the other, that GARI-
BALDI has reasons for taking his time in traversing
with hits little patriot army the mountainous (Ha-

tricts of Sicily ! For the route he is thus following
marks out a very considerable deflection from any
direct line drawn from Palermo to Messina.
Tracing out a strait line between those two cities,
and then tracing also the route now being taken by
GARIBALDI via Caltanisetta—we have the outline
of a bow defined upon the map of Sicily. With
the strait line (the line not followed by GARIBALDI)
as the string of it—and Caltanisetta as the centre of
the arch of the bow itself. Having passed through
that inland but southern town of Sicily, the
Garibaldians—continuing their route by a north-
easterly bend upwards towards Messina (a bend
resembling the south-westerly one they will then
have traversed in their present march from Palermo)
—will have to pass about midway between Mount
Etna and Mount Madonna before reaching their
destination. That is, before entering Messina. A
week perhaps may be thus occupied, counting
merely from the date of GARIBALDI'S advance
from his recent headquarters contiguous to
Palermo, to wit, from Corleone, through Rocca
Palomba, through Santa Catarina, and so
on to Messina via Caltanisetta. An in.
terval not unwisely set aside thus—to the
good! For whatever the Ratazzians may affect
to believe to the contrary, the royal troops will
hesitate to cross swords, in deadly enmity, in a
conflict a l'outrance with that band of 3,000 red
shirts, headed by GARIBALDI ! And whatever
may be asserted, in regard to the effect produced
by the Royal Proclamation against GARIBALDI, the
prestige of GARIBALDI'S popularity remains yet alto-
gether undiminished. His new enterprise is regarded,
and with only too much reason, as rash, as ill-
timed, as imprudent, and as some hesitate not to
pronounce it, mad and insensate. But—even those
Italians who talk thus of the original design of
this new movement, recognise that GARIBALDI
has been deluded into it : that he has been, in a
manner, " fooled to the top of his bent," and
then deserted, cast aside, and repudiated by the
Government at Turin ! GARIBALDI'S honesty, his.
consistency are now recognised more eonspicuously,if
that be possible, than ever, and this by friend
and foe alike. And all the while that he is still
keeping his footing in Sicily, the youth of Italy
upon the peninsula, idolising the very name of the
hero, are becoming more and more upon the alert
every day for any possibleopportunity ! Already—
GARIBALDI thus holding his ground the while
in Sicily among the thickly wooded slopes of those
inland mountains—already it is confidently hinted
at Genoa, by the correspondent of one of our morn-
ing contemporaries, that Ricesou, the late Italian
Prime Minister, has openly avowed himself to be
in favour of an armed rising for the purpose of taking
Rome ! The very enterprise of GARIBALDI! The
corresponent here alluded to puts this statement
forth under date Genoa, the 10th inst., and writes
of it thus confidently : "An authentic autograph
letter of RICASOLI'S is in circulation, in which he
declares that the only way to have Rome is to take
it arms in hand; that he is willing to go as a simple
soldier, convinced that the Italians will never have
Rome for their capital until the hinges of the
Roman gates are greased with Italian blood. This
is no canard," adds the correspondent, "but a
fact." Such is the latest intelligence from Genoa.
The latest from Naples intimating that the people
there were eagerly awaiting the advent of GARl-
BALDl—unknowing at the time possibly that the
General was (as we have here described him to be) deli-
berately on the road, at the head of his men, making
his way among the Sicilian mountains towards
Messina.

It is a tangled skein enough at the very best—
this thread (still being slowly unravelled) of the
story of the Italian war of independence ! The
most intricate knot of all being tied yet firmly—at
Rome. For the sake of Europe as well as of Italy,
it is earnestly to be hoped and prayed for, that that
Gordian Knot may yet be unravelled adroitly by
the dexterous hand of Diplomacy! Instead of the
immediate Future for italy,even it should be said for
Europe, being staked upon the " hazard of a die"
as to whether that new knot upon the Wheel of
Fortune shall be severed by the sword of GARI-
BALDI or by that of NAPOLEON.

What is the real drift of Mr. SEWARD'S long let-
ter to the European Governments ? Lord RUSSELL
truly observes that there is no proposal in it upon
which the British Government was required to come
to any conclusion, yet it was, of course, written
with an object. Long as it is we looked it through
more than once to ascertain that object, and all we
can make of it is, that it attempts, first, to convert
European Governments to the belief that the Fede-
rals were on the point of complete triumph, and,
secondly, to warn us intermeddlers against inter-
vention. It is, indeed, remarkable how the fear of
some kind of interposition on the part of Europe
has haunted the Federal mind. They even gave
thanks to the ALMIGHTY that Europe had not in-
tervened, esteeming it, it seems, a special favour
from Heaven that they were left to kill and be
killed, to sicken and let sicken, to die and let die,
without interruption. The letter also, like a for-
mer one from the same pen, is designed to instruct
us not only in international duties, but in our own
interests.

But who would have thought that a Government
whose exorbitant prohibitory tariffs have almost
ruined the commerce between Europe and the
States, should, after creating this wilful and per-
verse derangement of trade, write;—"That the
industrial systems of Western Europe and the
United States, including their agriculture, manu-
factures and commerce, are, in some respects to be
regarded less as distinct national systems than as
one general combination of agricultural, manufac-
turing, and commercial agencies, in which a jar in
one country necessarily produces disturbance in all
others, so that a serious disorganisation of the
machinery employed in production here cannot fail
to result in derangement, probably in disaster, every-
where abroad." If Americans know these things
why not act on their knowledge, and why do their
best to break up the " general combination," net i
7 by a blockade, but by prohibitory tariffs.
The
great complaint, however, of Mr. SEWARD is
that European Governments doubted or actually
disbelieved
the possibility of the" Great salvation,"
meaning by the
expression,no,tbywhaitt, Christians
tstiathnes
would generally understand
salvation of the
'Lean Union. Mr. SEWARD
therefore rehearses the grounds of faith in "that
great salvation"—unfortunately, by the time his
letter reaches the English prase, almost all these
grounds of faith, are become reaßouti
for scepticism.
So far from the Mississippi being in
the hands of
the Federalists, Vicksburg and Baton Rouge debar
them from its most important section, and
the
Arkansas threatens to annihilate the
—era,
squadrons at leisure. All the Border States, in_
eluding Maryland itself, bristle with Secession
sentiments, swarm with guerillas, and can be kept
down only within the range of Federal guns.
Whether the "credit of the Confederates be dead"
or not, it suffices to keep armies on foot which every
where confront, and sometimes rout and repulse,
the Federal forces. And instead of " the power of
the losing faction growing less and Ices," the
Confederacy has never been so strong, vigorous, and
hopeful, as at this moment. Mr. SEWARD wrote.

on the 28th of May—it is now the middle of
August--the events of the interim have made his 1
letter sadly out of date. It makes one smile to
read now such grandiloquently confident language
as the following :—" It is a simple fact that loyalty
re-appears everywhere just so fast as the suc-
cesses of the Government are deemed sufficient to
afford a guaranty for reliance upon its protection.
The dis-Unionists, even in their strongest holds,
are not a people, but only a faction, surpassing
the loyal in numbers, and silencing them by
terrors and severities in many places ; but, never-
theless, too few and feeble to prevent the return
of any district or any State to the Union, in the
presence and under the protection of the Federal
authorities." Where is all this true, we ask, at New
Orleans ! in Tennessee ? in Norfolk ? or it is true
even in Kentucky and Baltimore ?

We are favoured next with a long homily on
slavery, under which head it is demonstrated that
the Federal Government has been all kindness and
consideration both to slaves and masters. He tells
us that African slavery is abating the power of the
South—and would have us believe 111 Negro good-
will to the upholders of the Fugitive Slave Lax,
and on the danger, if the war goes on, of a servile
insurrection. This topic, however, is introduced
chiefly to warn the nations of Europe, of what
they must suffer if such a war began ! It is very
kind of Mr. SEWARD to care so for our looms and
our industry; only, we imagine that if he really
cared about that he would advocate the withdrawal
of the blockade which alone is the cause of suffer.
ing to European industry. We can but fear that
Mr. SEWARD shares the general pleasare felt by
Americans in the distress of Lancashire, and is
afraid that with such excellent reasons for breaking
his blockade, France and England may determine
to need Mr. SEWARD'S tender care no longer.
Lord RUSSELL'S brief notice of this long wordy
document, needs no comment from us. Every one
will read it with entire concurrence. Writing on
the 28th of July, he had the advantage of a series
of Confederate successes, which, without argument
from him, refuted half Mr. SEWARD'S self-compla-
cent reasonings. He needed but to mention them.
For the rest his lordship could say with a truth
which would tinge Yankee cheeks with shame if
they could blush for anything—" Down to the pre-
sent time, her MAJESTY'S Government have pur-
sued a friendly, an open, and a consistent course.
They have been neutral between the two parties to
a civil war. Neither the loss of the raw material of
manufacture, so necessary to a great portion of our
paople, nor the insults constantly heaped upon the
British name in speeches and newspapers, nor the
rigour beyond the usual practice of nations with
which the QUEEN'S subjects attempting to break
the loose blockade of the Southern ports have been
treated, have induced her MAJESTY'S Government
to swerve an inch from an impartial neutrality."

The Right Hon. BENJAMIN DISRAELI once
learned by heart and delivered as his own, in
honour of our great departed general, an eloquent
page from a French funeral oration. But we are
quite confident that what he had learned by heart
was really hit own, when on the first of this month,
in a peroration of antitheses, he bid his farewell to
the Tory chances of the Session. It was altogether
Disraelitic. The reader of Coningsby would swear
to it. " Liberal opinions" were pitted against
"popular principles which assert equal rights, civil
and religious ;" " individual tyranny " against
"popular outrage ;" " Democracy" against " Oli-
garchy ;" "vindicating the honour of the country"
against "turbulent diplomacy"—while Toryism was
pictured as a "Flee aristocracy" which rejoices in
" lightening taxation," in " frugally but wisely
administering the public treasure," in "spreading
education," in " defending local governments," and
in being " as jealous for the rights of the working
man, as for the prerogative of the Throne and the
privilege of the Senate." How can "we the people
of England," be stolidly insensible to such a
charmer ! How can we but adapt the Mahom-
medan creed to our case and exclaim--" Great is
Toryism, and DISRAELI is its apostle !" Save us
—save us from a Liberal party which quarrels
with its Government, almost as Mr. DISRAELI'S
more timid, or more unmanageable, or more honest
should-be supporters quarrel with him.
We confess to some misgiving in venturing to
comment on a sentence or two in the last inspira-
tions of the Tory Koran--the last scrawl on the
shoulder-of-mutton blades, picked up by indus-
trious reporters. But, what meant that first con-
trast between liberal opinions and popular prin-
ciples ? Our prophet seems to give a clue to his
visions when he says of the former that:" any one
may fashion them to his fancy," and of the latter
that they "assert equal rights, civil and religious,"
Now we have had much longer experience of
" Liberal opinions" than the honourable member,
for we did not throw them off almost as soon as we
had professed them, yet we cannot recognise the
characteristic of " fashioning them according to our
fancy." Up to Friday, the first of August, we did
not know it was doubted that Liberals held them-
selves responsible to justice and right for the many,
just as Tories do to privilege for the few. But when
we hear of "popular principles as distinguished from
those of liberals by asserting " equal civil and re-
ligous rights," Good Heavens ! we exclaim, has
the vision of GABRIEL confused the utterance of
our prophet ? Why, in his uninspired Wednesday
sittings he has been fighting, flanked and backed
by all the bigotry of the country against equal reli-
gions and civil rights for all; and only a few minutes
before he had been glorying in these same perfor-
mances. It has been strongly suspected that
MAHOMET'S mutton bones got sadly out of order,
and hence the apparently incoherent rhapsodies of
the Arab Bible; we strongly suspect, also, that our
great " Bedoveen Arab" must have handed his in,
in wrong order, to the too faithful reporters. Lord
STANLEY, we know, upholds " religious equality ;'
but we always find him separating himself from
Mr. DISRAELI and the Tories on these subjects.
As to equal civil rights, like equal religious rights,
they have been our " principles" and " opinions"
since we can remember ; once they were Mr. Dis-
RAELl'S—that they are " popular," we believe; but
to hear a Tory chief claim them, we can only
repeat the old question—Risum teneatis
amici—
take care lest you burst your sides.
Looking at other revelations, we feel again
almost as much puzzled to make the sentences of
our prophet coherent with facts, as MAHOMET'S
successors must have been to make his sentences co-
herent with each other. For the life of us we can-
not see how genuine Tories can be anything better
substantially than oligarchs. Their "Few" may
comprise more or less—but if it is a minority of the
nation which enjoys the select privileges, then it is
a literal oligarchy. If it is a majority, why then
it is substantially a democracy. The many are
masters, and take care to make others feel it. And
what is this
" Free Aristocracy ?" An Aristocracy
free to force its
demands on the people, or, on the
contrary, free
to do what it likes with other people's
and all the
own—free to appropriate to itself all the great
things good things of the State ? Aris-
tocraciesbe kind tend, so far as we know, to
oligarchies.
come of every
g secured to themselves
ezotsiye privileges, they 23,'Yve heaven and +

earth, work now by violence, now by cun-
ning to occupy the seat of real power.

They have, all history through, endeavoured to
control both the throne and the people, and In.ve
driven these two to support each other against the
aristocracy,which knows no other freedom than that
of making free with the rights of both. «A free
aristocracy !" Never has any country known what
freedom was till it could impose some check on its
aristocracy. Its freedom always meant, in its own
vocabulary, something different to what was meant
by freedom for other people. The political
struggle of civilisation—to a great extent successful
in this country—has always been, to give the word
the same meaning, whether it applied to a noble or
a commoner. But what right an artificially created
class in a nation have to ask any other freedom
than that shared by all, we must leave the Tory
IChief Prophet to explain.

THE PAPER CURRENCY IN AMERICA.

The New York: World gives the following sum-
mary of the extent of the paper currency already
authorised in the United States. Its amount in
sterling, including the £30,000,000 in circulation
by the banks in the various States before the
commencement of the Government issues, is
£112,000,000; and the writer asks, as the total
of the legal tender notes yet put forth is only
£14,000,000, and the result has been a premium
on gold which has touched 20 per cent., what is
likely to be the relative value of paper and specie
whe* the whole of the remaining £68,000,000
shall have been poured out
When Mr. Chase's paper schenes are carried out ac-
cording to the acts of Congress, now become laws, our paper
currency will be as follows :
Mr. Chase's legal tender notes, by Act of Dols.
February, 1862 150,000,000
Mr Chase's legal tender notes, by Act of June,

1862 _ 150,000,000
Legal tender postage stamp bill, by Act of July
17, 1862
Bank note circulation before the passage of the
Act in February, 1862
Probable increase since then, upon the deposit

of legal tender notes

Total 560,000,000

COURT CIRCULAR.

BALMORAL, AVOUST 10.
The Queen, accompanied by Princess Hohenlohe, Prin-
cess Helena, and Princess Beatrice drove out yesterday.
Princess Louise, attended by the Marchioness of Ely,
went out riding.
Mr. Helps left the Castle yesterday.
_ _

AtGUST 11.

The Queen, Princess Hohenlohe, Princess Helena, Prin-
cess Louise, Prince Arthur, and Prince Leopold attended
Divine service at Balmoral yesterday.
The Rev. Mr. Tulloch, Principal of St. Andrew's,
officiated.

The Prince of Wales, attended by Lieutenant-General
Knollys and Captain Grey, arrived at the Castle.

Her Highness the Princess de Ligne and Princes
Charles and Edward de Ligne have left the Clarendon Hotel
for the Continent.

The Earl of Westmoreland ha 3 left Apthorpe
Park for the Earl of Stamford and Warrington's seat,
Enville Hall, Staffordshire.

The Earl and Countess Russell have left Rich•
mond Park for Ireland.

Viscount and Viscountess Barrington have
arrived in town from a tour of visits. The noble lord and
her ladyship leave town on Friday for Beckett House,
Berks.

The Count and Countess de Pourtalis and family
have arrived at Brown's Hotel.

The marriage of Viscount Holmesdale with Lady
Julia Cornwallis is fixed to take place on the 23d of next
month.

The Hon. John H. Anderson, Mrs. Anderson,
and family have left Brawn's Hotel for Scotland.

The Chevalier d'Oliveira has just arrived from
Lisbon at the Portuguese Legation.

Major-General Cameron has arrived at the
Queen's Hotel, Upper Norwood.

We are informed that Sir John D. Harding,
D.C.L., has resigned the highly responsible and confidential
office of Queen's Advocate, which he has held ten years,
having been selected in 1852, by Lord Derby, as successor
to Sir John Dodson, who was made judge of the Arches
Court on the occasion of the death of Sir Herbert Jenner
Fust. Failing health is, we regret to hear, the cause of Sir
John Harding's retirement, which places a valuable piece of
patronage at the disposal of the present Government. It
has been Sir John Harding's fate to advise the Government
(whether Whig or Tory) on the international questions that
arose during the Russian and Italian wars, on the affair of
the Charles et Georges, and on the recent more momentous
incident of the Trent.

THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOClETY.—Not-
withstanding the departure from town of a large number
of the aristocracy, the garden of this society continues to
be numerously and fashionably attended. Among the dis-
tinguished personages who have honoured the garden with
a visit during the past week were the following, viz. :--
Prince Lucien Napoleon, the Duchess of Somerset, the
Marquis and Marchioness of Westminster, the Marquis and
Marchioness of Waterford, Lord Craven, Lord Cosmo
Russell, Lady William Paulett, Lady Louisa Thynne, Lady
Ebury, the Right Hon. B. and Mrs. Disraeli, Sir John and
Lady Burgoyne, Sir R. Howard, &c.
DEATH OF VISCOUNT DUNGANNON.—We have
to announce the death of Viscount Dungannon, which took
place on Monday last at his residence in Grafton-street,
Bond-street. Arthur Hill-Trevor, Viscount Dungannon
and Baron Hill, in the peerage of Ireland, was the son of
the second Viscount by the eldest daughter of the first Lord
Southampton, and was born in Berkeley-square on Nov, 9,
1798, and educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he
graduated B.A. in 1820, and M.A. in 1825. He married,
in 1825, the daughter of Mr. George d'Arcy Irvine, of
Castle Irvine, Fermanagh, and succeeded his father in 1837.
He was appointed a major of the North Salop Yeomanry
Cavalry in 1350, a deputy •lieutenant of Salop in 1852, and
high sheriff of Flintshire in 1855, He represented New
Romney in the House of Commons in 1830, and Durham
in the parliament of 1831, as well as from 1835 to 1841, and
was patron of one living. As an author he was known as
having written the " Life and Times of William Prince of
Orange."

FRENCH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—At the last
sitting a communication was received from Dr. Boudin' in
reply to the objections made by M. Isidor to some of his
remarks on the dangers of marriages between relations. M.
Isidor denied that the frequency of such marriages among
the Jews favoured the birth of deaf-and-dumb children,
and he also called in question the exactness of various
numerical data used by Dr. Boudin. The latter in
his last paper, re-assserts their exactness ; and, on
the other hand, refuses to admit certain allegations
of M. Isidor's. Thus, the latter affirms that in Paris
there are not more than three or four deaf and-dumb in a
population of 25,000 Israelites, while Dr. Boudin shows
from statistical documents that the number of Jews in the
whole department of the Seine does not amount to more
than 11,000.—M. Beaudouin wrote on the subject of the
consanguinity among cattle, stating that for the
last 22 of consanguinity
he has been experimenting on a flock of 300
merino sheep, which, during that lapse of time, has been
carefully preserved from all mixture with other sheep ; so
that, if consanguinity could be injurious, its evil effects
must be perceptible in this case. The author then affirms
that his flock has never presented symptoms of degeneracy
kind, but is, on the contrary, extremely vigorous and
healthy ;but, on the other hand, he frankly admits that he
hofeaasaintchy oYnbtantly selected the best and strongest subjects for
the purpose of
propagation. M. Dareste sent in a descrip*
tion of a monstrous birth, being that of two chickens joined
together by their pelvian extremities, one of the chickens
being acephalous. The two vertebral columns, situated at
right angles to each other, merge into one at their point of
junction.

The Constitution of Auxerre* (Yonne) relates a
horrible event which took place two days ago in that town.
A mason named Desveaux, who has been for some years
labouring under a serious malady which prevented him
from working, took advantage of the absence of his wife
and his eldest child to hang his two younger ones and him-
self. When his wife returned home she found the door of
the room fastened. A feeling of alarm came over her, as
she had several times heard her husband talk of committing
suicide, and a locksmith was sent for. On the door being
opened: a dreadful sight presented itself, that of the hus-
band and the two children hanging from a beam across the
room, and all dead. A chair was found lying in the room
on which he must have stood and then kicked away from
under him. The melancholy scene had such an effect on
the poor woman that her mind became affected, and fears
are entertained that she will never recover her reason;

" MUGGY WEATHER."—To most persons this
particular kind of weather is most oppressive, not flt to do
anything upon, but a photographer takes a very different
view of it, He calls that weather "muggy" which is the
best adapted for taking a person's "mug."—Punch.
A EUROPEAN OPERATION.—A distinguished
surgeon has urgently advised Louis Napoleon immediately
to withdraw the French army from Rome, on the ground
that it excites that inflammation in Italy which is neces-
sarily produced by the presence, in any important part, of
a foreign body,—Anot,

LATESII NEWS.

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THE SUN.