The Sun.
London, England, 1853-07-27 00:00:00

LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 27, 1853.

'LAURENT'S CASINO, ARGYLL ROOMS.-
AA. (Lessee, CHARLES E. LAURENI', Onslow-holse, Fulham-
road.) Open Every Evening. The Orchestra will periorm; during'
the week, "The Sylvan," " Marie," Dublin Exhlt hien," " Flower
of the Field," " Rosalinda," and "La Croix de Marie," Waltzes;
the " Top.y," "Cameronian.," "England," and `• Lego Maggoire"
Quadrilles ; " Etna,' and " Constance,' Galops ; " Fauchette,"
"Frankfort," &c., &c., Polkas.— Admission, Is. Doors open at
Half-past Eight o'clock ; coMmence at Nine, and terminate at
Half-past Eleven.

•r OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
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The LANCASHIRE SEWING iSIACIIINE exhibited in Use
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SCIENTIFIC LEC EUREs and EXHIBITIONS. On TUESDAYS
and FRIDAYS, at Four o'clock, and Every Evening (except Satur-
day) at Nine, the FIRST PART of an HISTORICAL LECTURE
cu " THE THAMES," from its Source to it 3 Estuary, by GEORGE
BUCKLAND, Esq., assisted by Miss Blanche Younge, with appro-
priate. Songs and Dissolving Scenery.
Open Mornings and Evenings. Admission,' 11. ; Schools, and
Children under Tell years of age Half-price.

'll'HE ERA, FAMILY, THEATRICAL, and
SPORTING JOUR NI A L (established- 1837) of next Saturday
will contain A View of England and Rus4a End of the Sesiion—;
Our Metropolitan Public Houses—Gossip " By an Old A ctress"—A
Full and Original Report of the Ma ,tmoth GOODWOOD RACE
MEE t INa, " By TOUCIIS t ONE," with a Portrait of the WINNER
of the S PARES, by the eminent Artist, A. F. DE TRADES. Also
Winners for BRIGHTON RACES, and "A SQUEAK FROM THE
STAR I.E MOUSE." Yachting Struggles Important Cricket
Ma' ches—Excitng Pedestrian Contests, with all the- News and
Sporting Affairs of the Week. Send six postage stamps to Eae
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NATIONAL ASSURANCE & INVESTMENT
ASSOCIATION.

7, St. Martin's-place, Trafalgar-square, London.

The WARRANTS for the lIALF-YEARLY INTEREST, at the
rate of 5 per cent. per annum, on the Investment Stock of this As-
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PETER Id OR u ISON, Managing Director.

Parties desirous of Investing money are requested to examine the
plan of the National assurance and Investment Association, by which
a high rata of interest may be obtained, combined with perfect seen-
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• .
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BRITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE
COMPANY.
1, Princes-street, Bank, London.
Established August 1, 1837.
Empowered by Special Act of Parliament, 4 Viet., cap. 9.
Colonel ROBERT ALEXANDER, Blackheath Park, CHAIENAN.
19ereasin.r Rates of Premium for securing Loans or Debts.
Half Premiums, only, required during first seven years.
Assurances payable during Life.
Provision, during minority, for Orphans.

BRITANNIA MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION.
Empowered by her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent.

Profits divided annually.
Premiums computed for every three months' difference of ago.
Half-credit assurances on a new plan peculiarly advantageous to
policy-holders.
At the last Annual General Meeting a retinction of 30 per cent. was
made in the current year's premium on all particigating
(PROPRIETARY.) i (lIIUTUAL.)

•
Half Whole
premium premium Age.
rye First for Re-
Seven mender
Years. of Life.

£8 d.l
30 1 1
40 1 9
50 2 2 6;
60 3 6 81

1£ s. d.! Years. lionths
I, 2 3 61 30 0
1' 2 18 4 3
45 0 6
1613 41 9

Annual
premium;

Half Quar-
Yearly terly
Pre- Pre-
mium. raitun.

X s. d.s s. d.l
2 7 3 1 4 21
276 1 4 4
2 7 10 1 4 6
2 8 2 1 4 8,

f. s. d.
0 12 3
0 12 4
0 12
0 12 6

E. R. FOSTER, Resident Director.
ANDREW FRANCIS, Secretary.

SUMMER.—Ladies will find the application of
ROWLANDS' KALYDOR
gratefully refreshing in preserv.ng the delicacy and beauty of the
complexion from the baneful influence of the sun and dust, dispelling
the cloud of languor and relaxation, allaying all heat and irritability,
and immediately affording the pleasing sensation attending restored
elasticity and healthful state of the skin. Composed of choice exotics
of balsamic nature, ut, erly free from a!l mineral admixture, and pleas-
ing and delightful in its effects, Rowlands' Kalydor tends to neutralise
the effects of the atmosphere upon the Skin, and t 9 promote the healthy
action of the minute secretory vessels, by which its general well-
being, and the beauty of its appearance, are so essentially promoted.
Freckles, Tan, Spots, Pimples, Fitts, es, and Diacolorations fly beforo
its application, and give place to delicate clearness with the glow of
beauty and of bloom. In c .ses of Sunburn, or Stings of Insects, its
virtues have long been acknowledged.—Price 4s. 6,1. and Bs. 6d. per
bottle.

CAUTION.—The words "Rowlands' Kalydor " are on the wrapper
of each bottle.

Sold by A. Rowland and Sons, 20, Hatton-garden, London, and
by all Chemisti and Perfumers.

THE CAMP AT C.IIOBHAM COMMON.

Yesterday, owing in part to the unfavourable cha-
racter of the weather in the early part of the day, and
in part to the necessity of giving the troops some rest
previous to the intended pontoon operations of to-day,
there was no field-day at Chobham. Each man in camp
received a free ration of 11b. of meat, which was ordered
to be cooked for the men to take with them to-day, as
it is expected the proceedings will last from an early
hour in the morning till late in the evening. The pon-
toon bridges will be thrown across the Thames at Run-
nymede, to which place the whole division will march
from the camp, taking with them the pontoon trains. The
company of Sappers now in camp is the same as that pre-
viously employed on Virginia Water, and which was till
within the last few days located in the Wellington Camp.
In consequence of the relief of the 2d company, that
camp has been broken up. The Sappers have not,
as at Virginia Water, had any opportunities
for preparing the spot at which the bridge is
intended to be thrown over, nor are they acquainted in
any way with the locality or nature of the stream. They
will therefore have a fairer field for their exertions than
on former occasions. On the occasion of the 2d com-
pany of Sappers leaving the ground they were played
off by the band of the 79th Highlanders, between which
and this company a close intimacy and friendship exists.
This friendly feeling commenced at Gibraltar, and the
Highland band obtained permission to manifest the con-
tinuance of their amicable relations by accompanying
their old friends with the tune of the " Conscript's Fare-
well " a short distance on their route.

On Tuesday there was a grand drill day of all the
troops. The cavalry, having marched from their
parades in close column of squadrons, formed on
the right of the infantry, assembled in front of the
encampment with the Horse Artillery, the Royal
Artillery being on the extreme left. The Scots
Greys were formed in line, supported by the Royal
Horse Guards in double column. The 4th Light
Dragoons were on the right, and the Bth Hussars
on the left, in close column of squadrons. The enemy
were supposed to be advancing to attack the camp, and
their progress was first arrested by Sir R. England's
brigade, which, drawn up in line, and supported by the
artillery, commenced and kept up for upwards of a
quarter of an hour a rapid fire. The firing was then
taken up by the brigade of Guards, and after a short
time both brigades advanced in column to Imet the ene-
my. Colonel Lockyer's brigade then formed line, and
opened a tremendous and rapid file fire. While this
was going on, several changes of front were made by
the cavalry in order to support the movements of the
infantry, and finally they appeared on the left in two
lines, the Horse Guards and the 4th Light Dragoons in
the first, and the Greys and Hussars in the second line.
The first line charged up the hill in magnificent style,
and retiring by alternate squadrons, re-formed their
line, whence retiring by " threes" from the right
of squadrons they passed through the intervals of the
Greys and Hussars, and formed the second line. Now
came the turn of the Greys and Hussars, and, as though
strivinc, to surpass the former charge in rapidity and re-
gularity, they dashed up the hill in a style which merited
the highest commendation. The infantry brigades had
now fallen back, and after the second charge the whole
brigade of cavalry retired through ti,e artillery, and
formed an imposing and formidable line on the summit
of the hill. From this position they proceeded to take
ground to the right in column of troops, and, rapidly
wheeling into line, the four regiments advanced to cover
the retreat of the infantry. The whole of the forces then
returned to their respective camps.
A private of the Bth Hussars died this morning in
camp from bronchitis, after twenty-two years' service.
This is, we believe, almost the only death which has oc-
curred among the troops under canvass.

NEWSPAPER STAMP DUTIES.

(From the Times.)

On Monday night the House of Coinmons en-
abled the Chancellor of the Exchequer to perform
an act of partial justice to the newspaper- press,
and of material advantage to the public. The
stamp duties affecting ourselves and our contem-
poraries have now assumed a different shape, and,
although we do not think the true principle of
reform was observed in the change, the operation
of the original error has been undoubtedly dimi
niched by Mr. Gladstone's bill. Why or where-
fore a newspaper should be stamped it is not our
busiriesS to discuss ; the Legiiilature decides upon
taxing us, and thst is conclusive. Same years
ago, however, a resolution of a different kind was
taken by the financiers then office. They deter-
mined not only upon taxing newspapers by means
of a stamp, but ;upon limiting the - amount of in-
telligence which this stamp might cover. They
ordained that the surface of letterpress in a news-
paper L--or, in other words, the extent of infor-,
mation oonveyed—should not exceed. 1,530 square
inches, or that any excess above this should be
taxed anew. Now, it must- be perfectly clear
that whatever were the reasons, whether good or
bad, for the original impost, they could not pos-
Sibly justify this increase Of the tax by gradua-
tion. The only argument for such limitations is
based upon the security of the revenue. A tax or
a duty is allowed to cover a certain measure of a
commodity, and no more, simply in order that the
commodity taxed may yield the proper total of its
contributions. If, for instance, a newspaper, by
publishing a double sheet under a single duty on
Monday, could evade the publication, of any sheet
at all, and thereby the payment of any tax at all,
on Tuesday, the revenue wnld cl lose by the
pp.cee.ding,..sistice --tWo:
-*add have duty 1)1113- as 'die
evasion in the case of our trade is purely im-
possible. • Every newspaper must reappear at its
own periodic time, and discharge its proper aggre-
gate of stamp ditties. A daily paper must be
taxed 313 times in the year, a weekly paper 52
times, and neither more nor less. Whatever we
give to the public one morning—whether it be
comprised in 40 columns or 80—is absolutely with.
out any effect on our obligations of the morning
following. When. once it was resolved to tax a
newspaper, the public dues were beyond reach of
damage, nor could there be the slightest reason for
interfering further with the particular sheet which,
under the title of " newspaper," was sold by the
publishers and purchased by the public.
Nevertheless, a decision to this effect was taken,
and it was enacted that-a newspaper exceeding the
limited of 1,530 inches should be deemed and taxed
as a newspaper and a-half, or, if exceeding 2,295
inches, as two newspapers. The obvious effect of
such a law Was.to make enterprise in the newspaper
trade penal, and to injure the bargain obtainable
by, the public. Excellence in a newspaper may not,
it is true, be absolutely commensurate with volume ;
but it is evident that, generally speaking, the best
reports and the most faithful intelligence would
involve the largest extent of letterpress. More-
over, as circulation would follow excellence, and
advertisements would follow circulation, the sur-
face of print required for the impression would be
still further increased ; so that in the end every
good newspaper would be taxed twice as much, or
half as much again, as a bad one, the market prices
of the two remaining identical all the while. A
poor fivepennywortg would be charged with a
penny stamp ; a good fivepennyworth with a
stamp of threehalfpence or twopence. A success-
ful journal might be able and willing to give its
customers 12 or 16 pages for their money in
place of 8, but here the law stepped in and said,
that if the bargain was thus improved for the
benefit of the public, the publishers should be
heavily fined. Nothing can be plainer than the
operation of such an arrangement, either to the in-
jury of newspaper publishers, if they gave full scope
to their enterprise, or of the public, if this enter-
prise was checked. The law made one party neces-
sarily losers, though the interests of both were the
same, and those of the revenue in nowise opposed.
Mr. Gladstone has discerned the impolicy of such
regulations, and has" effected a material reform.
Observing that it was preposterous to cry out for
increased facilities of advertising while the space
deVoted to advertisements was strictly circum-
scribed, he proposed originally to abolish all supple-
Mental taxes on newspapers, provided that the
sheets so exempted contained advertisements only.
This, in other words, was to remove the limitation
on the size of newspapers, but to stipulate the ex-
tent to which their surface might be occupied by
general intelligence. A news per might consist
of aux rsumbel of Npages, but e ht enly..4tll9wt,
aftde+Jted to <' iii rim-Aron,' as usu-
ally understood, the rest being Confined to adver-
tisements only. This idea was clearly imper-
fect, for there could be no reason whatever
why the law should concern itself with the
distribution of newspaper matter. Subse-
quently, Mr. Gladstone rejected these parti-
cular stipulations, but limited the exemption
proposed. Instead of abolishing taxes upon sup-
plements altogether, he abolished them upon sup-
plements of not more than 765 superficial inches,
beyond which limit he applied taxation as before.
In point of fact, the " Supplement " of a news-
paper, that is to say, that particular part of it
which is taxed additionally, as being beyond a
newspaper's proper capacity, is now to commence
at the 13th page, instead of the 9th. Newspapers
are still to be limited in size by act of Parliament,
but the limit is to be enlarged. It used to be 1,530
inches ;it is now -2,295. The principle of the law
as will be seen, is erroneous still ; but the point at
which the error will begin to operate is considerably
removed, and the public gains in proportion. Mr.
Gladstone has at least provided that newspaper
publishers may present their customers with half
as much again for their money as they were per-
mitted to give before. All purchasers—as Mr.
Cobden observed—desire to have a supplement, and
this desire can now be gratified without loss to any
party.

An opponent to the Chancellor of the Exche-
quer's proposal was found in the person of Mr.
Newdegate, who objected to the measure of relief
on the ground that it would only benefit " about
six newspapers." We wonder it did not strike
this consistent champion of Protectionism that, at
the moment he was thus arguing, his own particu-
lar chief in the other House of Parliament was
attacking a comprehensive measure of finance be-
cause it might possibly bear hardly on a single
family or individual. In reality, as everybody sees,
the presumed interests of this or that paper have
nothing to do with the question at all. The only
interests to be considered are those of the public.
In these interests it is manifestly desirable that
newspapers should be permitted to do for their
readers, without restriction, as much as .they eau ;
but it is at least so much gain that they should be
enabled to do half as much again as before. Mr.
Newdegate, we have no doubt, invests his 5d., like
his fellow men, in learning the news of the day.
Hitherto the legal measure of the information thus
procurable has been 1,530 inches, whereas Mr.
Gladstone has now made it 2,295, showing a profit
to the public of just 50 per cent. Mr. Newdegate
may take this out in any politics he pleases, for
even Protectionism may now be purchased on these
improved terms: The mitigation of injustice—for
the act is really, nothing more-----Will of course affect
the largest sufferers first, but every journal must
be a gainer of opportunities, if nothing more, while
the public gains on every side and altogether.

COMBINATIONS OF WORKMEN.

(From, the Morning Post.)

The working classes in many parts of the country
are proving their appreciation of the general pro-
sperity, and their gratitude for food and plenty, by
doing all they can to cripple the enterprise that finds
them work, and destroy the trade that feeds them.
If there be a piece of social wickedness which pre-
eminently deserves to be punished with an iron
hand, it is the system of strikes ; and if ever there
were an opportune time for marking in some severe
way the public indignation at these abominable
combinations, the present is surely the one. In
almost every manufacturing town—in the sea-ports
—m the farming districts, the same game is being
played. Carpenters and builders in London ; sea-
men at every port, gunmakers, brickmakers, cotton
spinners at Manchester, silk hands at Derby, plate-
workers at Sheffield, colliers in South Wales and
the North of England, haymakers and labourers
generally in the Southern Counties, woolcombers
at Bradford, and policemen at Hull—all have
thought it worth their while to play the mad
game of interrupting the steady flow of business
—of breaking up that mutual confidence on
which alone the operation of trade can be
conducted—by refusing to do their work. The
mischief of such a course, not to masters only,
but to the men themselves, is so obvious, and has
been so often set forth by the press,
.that one can
but marvel at the infatuation that blinds the eyes
of these men as to the consequences of their deeds.

There seems only one way to cure this infatuation
—viz., to punish it severely at the outset. We
are well aware of the difficulty of such a task.
We are aware how bitterly the thing punishes
itself. But the misery and starvation that ensue
from a strike come gradually, and have in the eyes
of the sufferers more the character of a misfortune
than of a retributive judgment. What is wanted
is Some stringent and summary mode of punishing
the leaders and chief men of these combinations.
The majority are poor dupes, but they are led by
a few crafty and reckless spouters, who plot the
mischief, but mostly contrive to escape the conse-
quences. It would be no interference with the
freedom of the labour market to treat these fellows
to a flogging. There is a great moral wrong com-
mitted whenever-a strike is made ; and there are
social evils resulting from it which cannot be too
emphatically denounced or too severely dealt with
by the magistracy. At the preset; t moment,
whether we consider the unpromising prospect of
the harvest, the potato blight, and the bad hay
season, at home, or the unsettled state of
the Continent, or the vast demands on our
markets from Australia, it will be seen at a glance
how valuable is the present moment—how much
depends upon bringing into activity all the re-
sources of labour and capital, in order that we may
be prepared to sustain, with as little loss as may
be, a failure of the crops, or even a war ; or, on the
other band, to take advantage of every facility for
extending our commerce, and, turning to good ac-
count our new colonial market. It is just at this
moment—when capital is deeply invested—when
the large houses arobusy with their heaviest orders
—when the demand for shipping is at its height—
when every hour is valuable to the farmer, and
every spare hand eagerly sought after, that sud-
denly thousands of working men resolve to
_stand
idle- and injure-not themselves, only but their
izitereF.4, and the interests
of our colonial merchants. It is on the ground
of these injuries to great public interests that
strikes ought to be brought—by some more
special and powerful enactment than any that
now exists—under the jurisdiction of the magis-
terial authorities. It is idle to say that this would
interfere with the labour market. As long as
those who supply the labour market refrain from
jeopardising the interests of the country, they may
be left to make their own terms with their em-
ployers. We grudge them none of the advantages
arising out of increased demand, emigration, and
similar operations. They are welcome to all they
can, take by these. But when they league together
to obtain terms which fair competition alone would
never give them—when they bring the trade of a
whole town to a stand still—when they stop ma-
chinery, retard the circulation of capital, embarrass
our colonial trade, lower the funds, increase the
aggregate of poverty and crime—then it is sheer
maudlin nonsense to say that such men should not
be brought under the lash of theluv. Such strikes
are a sin against the body politic, iolve thousands
in their consequences, and deserve no mercy.
Of the foolery of the system it is almost impossible
to write patiently. Strikes rarely accomplish their
object. In many cases it is not possible to force
.wages up to the required point—the profits are not
equal to it. There is then nothing left but to re-
sume work on the old terms, or perhaps on terms
even worse. In the meantime, the workman has
become poorer than ever, his mily plunged into
misery and want, and his own character gone. This
is the common history of strikes. First, unreason
able demands ; next, refusal to work ; then obsti-
nacy ; then starvation, then stern necessity; and
at last the valiant despiser of fair terms goes back
to his master, shamefaced and humiliated, with
nothing to show for his crowing but misery and
rags.
We know that we are running the risk of beinc,
held up by a certain class of papers as the advocate
of the masters only, and not of the men. But we
are really nothing of the kind. We look on both
parties from a point outside the circle of either in-
terest, and with a desire to do justice between them.
In relation to strikes, for the purpose of forcing up
wacres, we hold, and are certain, that as a general
rule, the prevailing rate of wages, determined by
the, usual course of competition, is commonly the
fair and just one ; and, consequently, that all at-
tempts to altar that rate, by a refusal to work at
all, is an interference with the common law of
trade, such that no apology or argument can pos-
sibly justify it.
We hope these misguided men may see their
folly and desist ; for, if not, on their own heads,
in due time, the result must fall. The recoil is
inevitable, and the poor man's family will be the
first and the last to feel it.

.lIF,c-Rlg= TU. A.V.ES - . .

(From the Times. )

Lord Palmerston is now Home Secretary, and, though
his heart may be on the Danube, his hand must be in
the Holborn sewers. The diplomatic ability of the
noble lord was visible, perhaps, in the fearless flow of
his language, in the facility with which he complimented
the Corporation of London on their well-known readi-
nets to promote internal reforms, and in the perfect free-
dom of his assumptions on this and every other subject
which an ordinary mortal might have found embarrassing. i
Henceforth the " city authorities" will be in nobody's '
way ; in fact, if we are to believe our Home Secretary,
there never has been and never could be "a body of
men more willing, more desirous, and more capable of
effectually co-operating with any branch of her Majesty's
Government than the Corporation of the city of Lon-
don." However, this co-operation his lordship has now
plainly bespoken for two or three plain objects, and we
rejoice to see that the purification of the Thames is at
length made a " Cabinet question." As far as Govern-
ment resolutions go—and the India Bill shows they can
go a good way—we can assure ourselves of a sweet and
wholesome stream, and, perhaps of a clear atmosphere
besides.

Lord Palmerston quoted a poet of the last century in
proof the translucent purity of the metropolitan Thames
only two or three centuries ago, and, having character-
ised its present condition as one of "liquid mud," in-
vited the metropolitan members to aid the Ministry in re-
storing a better state of things. We trust the design
may go further than words, but even the words were not
uncalled for. There is a certain class of men who,
partly from eccentricity of opinion, partly from love of
contrariety, and partly perhaps from professional pique,
persist in maintaining either that the Thames is not im-
pure, or that it can never be made any purer. Very
eminent engineers, in fact, have considered our river as
the American considered the falls of Niagara—" a hand-
some water privilege," of which the natural use, how-
ever, is not to turn a mill, but to carry off the sewage of
the city. They describe the Thames as the "proper
outfall, ' as the fittest and most obvious receptacle for
the contents of a thousand drains, and assure us that
the results occasionally experienced in seasons like the
present are due only to the mud upon the banks, and
not to the water of the stream. Sir William Cubitt
assured a select committee the other day that " nobody
ever smelt the Thames—what they smelt was the drying
mud, and the stench from 50 sewers opening into it with
wide open mouths." We incline to Sir William's opi-
nion, and so, we suppose, will most other people. It is
the very gist and pith of all we have been saying for the
last six years, that the Thames would be sweet and clear
if we did not pollute it, and that our mischief was
made infinitely worse by the tidal character of the
stream. Of course, we do not smell " the Thames,"
but we smell what we pour into the Thames, and the
Thames, by its rising and falling, gives the greatest
possible effect to our proceeding. But what is to be
done. Tide waits upon no men, not even upon
titled engineers, and whatever we throw into a tidal
river, whether at high or low water mark, must inevit-
ably be washed backwards and forwards under our noses.
Sir William Cubitt appears inclined, as the best specific 4
to give the Thames a " deep channel and no dry shores ;
which points, we presume, to something like a continu-
ous embankment of the kind we were describing the
other day. But would this be cheaper or more practi-
cable than intercepting drains ?
In speaking of our advantages and our shortcomings,
Lord Palmerston related a characteristic anecdote of the
famous sculptor Canova on his visit to England some
years ago. This distinguished artist was "greatl y struck
with London." He saw in London a variety of conveni-
encesn
deosmmai
comfort
td amid
offirstou rI
ot
dwel-
ling all,iae
which, under his own nativnenesdkaci
palaces, he looked for in vain.
our pavements, then the privacY a .
of these advantagesstgg ered h thatim .
ling houses, then the order prevailing in our streets,
and, finally, the security of life and property. So im-
pressed was he with the value
he actually broke out into a hyperbolical panegyric upon
ourOonfethtehipnlgaceo.nlylie could not get
and British
ta
that
rwaschi architecture. ucroel.
over the universal blackness around him, but he declared
that if London could be whitened it would be an
" earthly paradise. Lord Palmerston regards this con-
summation as not impossible, and we remember that some
time ago a commencement was actually made at St. Paul's.
We trust, however, that the " whitening," whenever it
comes to pass, may not be that of the sepulchre. It
is better to have good drains and wholesome streets
than polished marbles and brilliant facades.
There really is no kind of reason why London should
not be made both healthy and agreeable as well as
wealthy and great. Our soil is as good, for the most
part, as that of a model village ; our atmoshphere, like
our river, is pure enough, except where we pollute it ;
nor is there anything whatever in our situation to swell
the rate of mortality within metropolitan limits. All
our disadvantages are remediable, and we are glad to
acknowledge that steps have been taken towards the
remedy. Our streets are broader and more convenient
than formerly, new parks and new bridges are now