The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-25 00:00:00

"OR ANY OTHER riTAN:"

T H E O X F OR D,
6. OXFORD STREET.
"Don Sebastien " (DonizettPs finest work); other Operatic
Select'ons, Choruses, Four-part Songs, Glees, Duets, &c.
by Miss Russell. suss Townley ; Messrs. Morley, Greene,, Huish, and Albert ; with full band and chorus.
Conductor, Mr. F. .ionehmans.
Solos by Dew Dean, the youthful Flutist; Mr.Maclagan's
Entertainment; and the Comic performances of Miss Caro-
line Parkes, Mr. W. Pandall,. Little Rob, Kugene, and tins-
worth (the great original of "or any other man.,')
Admission, 6d.; Balcony and Stalls, ls. ; Private Roam
lOs. lid.

W S. WOODIN'S CABINET of CURIO-
!' v • SlTlE'S—Newly Polished and Ile-lined—POLY-
( PA IC BALL, King William-street, Chai ing-crosa
Every Evening, at eight (except Saturday),

with new characters, music, songs, and dances. The scenic
illustrations and effects, entirely new, painted by and under
the direction of Mr. Will cam Cal lcott. Morning Performance,
Saturday, Nov. 1. at 3. Stalls, 3s. ; area, 28.; amphitheatre,
Box-ofllee open from eleven to five.
Mr. Woodin as Mr. Sothern, of tha Haymarket, in his
'elebrated character of "Lord Dundreary," Morning and
Evening.

A RGYLL ROOMS. Great Windmill-street,
Haymarket.—GßAND CASINO FRANCA ISE.—
klPen every Evening for Promenade end Dancing, with the
elebrated Rand of 50 performers. Conductor and Principal
Cornet-a-Piston, M. BOULCOUILT.—The new Imperial Qua-
drille, Valse Cotillion, and L. Mosca's Peep o'DayValse will
be played nightly.
A new Conversation Salon has been added to the above
Pstablishment for Reading, Coffee, and Refreshments.—
Admission le.—Manager, M. Grenet.

OYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-
GARDEN.
Under the Management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W.

Harrison, Foie Lessees.
THIS EVENING, Ralfe's popular Opera, THE ROSE OF
CASTILLE : Misses Louisa Pyne, Aynsley Cook, and Susan
Pyne' Messrs. W. H. Weiss, A. St. Albyn, J. Rouse, Aynsley
Cook, and W. Harrison.

Conductor—Mr. A. Mellon.
Dcors open at hall-past 7—Commence at F.

THFAT EF-RON 1 HAY MARK FT.
Lessee Mr. J R. Rnekstone.
This EVENING, at 7, A DAUGHTER TO MARRY.
Mr. Farrell, Mr. Rogers, Mr. Clark, and Miss E. Romer.
Ai ter which. at a quarter to 8, will be performed (263 d time)
"CR AMERICAN COUSIN. Asa Trenchard. Mr. Buck-
'tone ; Lord Duo dreary, Mr. Sothern.
Followed by a mr, Far-e, entitled DUCK HUNTING:
_Mr. Compton, Mr. Howe, Mr. W. Farrell, Mrs. Wilkins, and
01180 C. Hill.
To conclude with JACK'S U ETTTRN FROM CANTON.

TREAT RE-R OY AL. DRURY•LANE.
Dion Boucicanit, Lessee.
THIS EVENING THE COLLEEN 11AWN. Dion
Poucicault. Searle, G. Vandenhoff, Leeson, Me 11011; Madame
Celeste, Stevens, Latimer.
After which, THE RELIEF OF LUCRNOW. Dion
u
cicault, Atkins Edwin, Ryder ; Madame Celeste and Mrs.
Dion Bouelcault.

Commence at 7.

\T Fa' THRATTIF-R0 STAL, ADELPITI.—
sole Proprietor And 'Ai-answer. Mr. R. Webster.
THIS EVENING, TTTE GREEN BUSHES Messr.. G.
Roney, PL,ul Bedford, Billing-ion, Sefton, Stephenson, Lewis,
F.burne, Romer ; MIPS Avonia Jones, Miss Woolgar, Mrs.
Aillngton, and Mrs. Stoker.
GREAT E
To conclude with THE SAIL LING DAY AT THE
P. Pnllll ..XHIRIT
en."ION. Messrs. G. Honey. P. Bedford,
% S
and Mrs. C j Lewis.* * . q
Lin
Romer
; Miss
ith* R K. Bland

N°. 21,941.

GRE AT WE STERN RAILWAY.-
The LAST EXCURSION of the SEASON to WEY-
MOUTH, DORCHESTER, YEOVIL. (tc.—On SATUR-
DAY, 25th October, an EXCURSION TRAIN will leave
Paddington at 3.10 p.m., and Reading at 4.50 p.m., for
WEYMuUTH, Dorchester, Bridport, and Maiden Newton
(12s. and Rs.) ; Yeovil, Castle Cary, and Bruton (11s. and 75.);
Frome, Westbury, Trowbridge, Melksham, and Chippenham
(10s. and 65.); returning at 7.30 a.m. on Monday, the 27th, or
Thursday, the 30th October.

OI AL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT
INSTITUTION
(Incorporated by Royal Charter).
PATRONESs—Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen.
PnEsinENT —Vice-Admiral his Grace the Duke of Northum-

berland, if.6:,1.1g.
( nA7 rt mAN--Thos. Baring, Esq., K.P., F.R.S., V.P.
DEPUTY-CHAIRMAN—Thomas Chapman, Esq., F.R.S., V.P.

APPEAL.

The Committee of Manazement have to state that, since
'he beeinning, of the year 1860, the Royal National Lifeboat
Institution has incurred expenses „mount ng to £27,260 on
various Lifeboat Establishments on the Coasts of England,
Scotland, and Ireland.

During the same period the Lifeboats of the Institution
have cen instrumental in rescuing the Crews of the follow-
ing Vessels :
Barque Vermont, of Halifax, U.S.
Schooner William Keith, of Carnarvon
Brig Flying Fish, of Whitby
Smack Elizabeth Ann, of Lyme Regis ..
Steam Dredge, at Newhaven ..
Schooner Admiral Hood, of Rochester ..
Schooner Susan and Isabella, of Dundee ..
Schooner Rose, of Lynn • • ••
Brig Prodroma, of Stockton ..
Brig Eliza, of Middlesborough
Brigantine Freia, of Konigsberg
Brigantine Diana, of Fredrikshamn
Brig Gloucester, of South Shields ..
Brig Lovely Nelly, of Seaham
Brigantine Nugget, of Bideford ..
Schooner Prospect, of Berwick '
Schooner Ann Mitchell, of Montrose
Schooner Jane Roper, of Ulverstone
Brig Pallas, of Shields
Ship Ann Mitchell, of Glasgow ..
Smack John Bull, of Yarmouth ..
Schooner Catherine. of Newry •
Barque-Niagara, of Shields
____A_Barge of Teighmouth • • • •

.. 9
.. 5

.. 11
.. 2

—trig George and James, of London
Brig Zephyr, of Whitby . 6
Coble Honour, of Cullercoats .• • • 3
Schooner Elizß, of North Shields .. .. 7
Barque Oberon, of Liverpool • • • • •. 15
Brigantine Nancy, of Teignmouth .• .. 9
Smack Wonder, of Teignmouth .. 2
Brig Scotia, of Sunderland .. 6
Sloop Three Brothers, of Goole .. .. • • 5
Sloop Charlotte, of Woodbridge .. . .. 5
Brig Ann, of Blyth .. 8
Spanish Barque Primera de Torreviega (saved ves-
sel and one of the crew) .. 1
Sloop Hope, of Dublin •• •• •• •. 3
Schooner Druid, of Aberystwyth .. 5
Schooner Hurrell, of Penzance (saved vessel and
crew) .. 4
Brig Anne, of Plymouth (saved vessel and crew) 8
Schooner Betsy, of Peterhead (saved vessel and
crew) .. .• • • • • • • • • • 6
Smack Merrion Lass, of Aberystwyth (saved ves-
and crew) .. • • • •• • • • • • 3
Schooner Fly, of Whitby (saved vessel and crew) 4
Sloop Thomas and .Tone, of St. Ives • • • • 3
Fishing-boats of Whitburn - - -
Brig Arethusa, of Blyth
Schooner Dewi Wvn, of Portmadoo
Flat Cymraes, of Beaumaris .•
Schooner VQ illiam, of Morecambe ..
Smack Gipsy, of Newry • • • •
Schooner Margaret Anne, of Preston
Brig New Draper, of Whitehaven . •
Schooner William, of Liverpool „ „
Lugger Nimrod, of Castletown
Brig Providence, of Shields
Brig Mayflower, of Newcastle
Schooner Village Maid, of Fleetwood
Barque Guy ina, of Glasgow ..
Brig Roman Empress, of Shields
Brig San Spirid one, of Galaxide .•
Schooner Voador du Vouga, of Vienna
French Brig La Jeune Marie Therese
Barque Perseverance, of Scarborough
Schooner Elizabeth, of Bridgewater
Ship Danube, of Belfast • • ••
Schooner Hortensia, 01 Hanover
Schooner Oregon, of Stonehaven
Brig St. Michel, of Maxims
Schooner Epimachus, of Amsterdam
Barque Druid, of Sunderland
Schooner Bellona, of Red Bay.. ..
Brig Pioneer, of Ca rnarvon
Schooner Princess Alice, of Ipswich
Prig Minerva, of Workington
Schooner Elizabeth and Hannah, of Newburgh .. 6
Brig Sisters, of M hitby
Brigantine Matilda, of Stockholm ..
Brig Jane, of North Shields ..
Brig Trial, of Poole ...
Schooner Liberty, of Dublin ..
Schooner Sylphiden, of Nakskov (saved vessel and
crew)
Barque Frederick, of Dublin .. • •
Barge Peace, of London • • Lugger Saucy Lass, of Lowestoft ••
Sma3k Adventure, of Harwich.. •• ••
Pilot cutter Whim, of Lowestoft
Barque Undaunted, of. Aberdeen .. 11
Wrecked boat on Blackwater Bank, *on the Irish
coast
schooner Skylark, of Folkestone .
Brig Lively, of Clay, Norfolk . • • •
• • •
Schooner Rook, of Liv. rpool
Barque Robert Watson, of Sunderland • •
Schooner Auchincruive, of Grangemouth
Schooner Friends, of Lynn ..
Schooner Eliza Anne, of Dublin
Brig Content, of Sunderland
Smack Ellen Owens, of Cardigan
Barque Cedarine, of Bermuda
Smack Frodsham, of Liverpool
Sloop William, of Liverpool
Sloop Elizabeth, of Teignmouth
Portuguese Barque Cruz V.
Ship Annie F. trooper, of Baltimore,ll.S...
Barque Henry Everest, of Rochester

.. 4
.. 4

PUBLICATIONS,

.. 8
.. 4

MISS KAVANAGH'S NEW WORK,
Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 2 vole., 215.,
ENGLISH WOMEN OF LETTERS.
By JULIA KAVANAGH,
Author of "Nathalie," "Adele," "French Women of
Letters," &c.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

.. 10
.. 2
.. 8
.. 6
.. 5

.. -.7

POST-OFFICE DIRECTORY.-SIX HOME
CO! TIES now ready, price 6s. Other COM). TIES
also ready. Kelly and Co., 18 to 22, Old Boswell-court, St.
Clement's, Strand, W.C. ; Simpkin, Marshall, and Co. ; and
all Booksellers.

NEW SPORTING PAPER, Price THREEPENCE.
On the let of November,

Total .. 762
For these and other Life-boat services the Institution has
voted £2,458 as rewards to the crews of its Lifeboats. It has
also granted re wards d mounting to £572 for saving 5e2
-hipwrecked persons, by shore-boats and other means. mak-
;ng a total of 1,302 persons saved from a watery grave during
the last two years and a half.

The number of lives saved by the Lffe-boats of the
Society. 4nd other means, since its formation, is 12,690;
for which services 82 Gold Medals, 711 Silver Medals, and
£16,0i 0 in cash have been paid in rewards. The Institu-
tion has also expended £64,300 on Life-boats, Life-boat
Transporting-cars iages, and Boat-houses. _ .

The public cannot but sympathise with the vigorous efforts
now being► made by this Institution to save the lives of Ship-
wrecked Crews. Their help was never more needed than at
,he present time, when, through the extraordinary exertions
he Society has made within the past few years, it has now
One Hundred and Twenty-three Life-boats under its man-
s Bement, or the maintenance of which, in a state of thorough
Pffi ci ency, a large permanent annual income is absolutely
needed, if its humane mission is to be perpetuated.

- -
The Committee grateful►y acknowledge the following con-
tributions :

AcleLrk.adcyoaltonaeel,itp.,r W. G. •g_later.•,.•Esq...... £S. d
Her Majesty the Queen annual 50 0 0
.02010 01 00
darn
Cotton, Sir St. Vincent, Bart• • .. .. don* 25 0 0
.. •
•
Coutts and Co., Messrs., Bankers
annual 10 0 0
Erle, Lord Chief Justice . • don. 10 10 0
Fanshawe, Vice-Admiral SirA• , K.C.B. .•. d
Harvey. Rev. G. G. and Mrs. . 2dn* don. 25 0 0
Lambton, Messrs. W. H. & Co., Bankers :. don.o •0 0
Lanesborough, the Earl of .. .. . annual 215
00
0 0
Lesracy of the late Win. Lupton, Esq., of
Salt ord .. -• • • • • • • • • 100 0 0
Martin, Sir Henry, Bart. .. .. .. 7th don. 10 0 0
Moore, Rev. G. B. .. .. .. .. don. 15 15 0
Robartes, T. J. Agar, Esq., M.P. .. .. annual 5 0 0
Stirling, Col. Sir Anthony, K.C.B. .. .. annual 20 0
Trench, Lady Helena .. .. .. .. don. 30 0 0
Donations and Annual Fu' scriptions will be thankfully re-
eived by the Bankers of the Institution, Messrs. Willis,
Percival, and Co., 76, Lombard--treet ; Messrs. Coutts and
Co., 59, Strand; Aiessrs. Berries, Farquhar, and Co., 16, St.
James's-street, London ; by a 1 the Bankers in the United
Kingdom by the Secretary Richard Lewis, Esq., at
the Office of the Institution, 14, John-street, Adel phi, Lon-
don, W.C.

TEOEI D O N:
V What is it? See Patent, March 1, 1862, No. 560.
GABRIEL'S Self-adhesive Patent Indestructible MINE-
RAL TEEM and FLEXIBLE GUMS, without palates,
springs, or wires, and without operation. One set lasts a
lifetime, and WARRANTED FOR MASTICATION and
ARTICULATION. Purest materials only, at half the usual
rost

Messrs. GABRIEL, the old-established Dentists,
27, HARLEY-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUARE;
34, LTJDGATE-HILL, LONDON;
65, NEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM; and
134, DUE -STREET, LIVERPOOL.
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, CLASS 17.
One visit only required from country patients. Gabriel's
rvactical Treatise gratis.
consultations free.

THE SILENT FRIEND ON MARRIAGE,
190 pates, illustrated with 100 engravings, price ls.
post free 14 stamps, sealed 20, containing prescription of Pre-
ventive Lotion. Make this invaluable work your Guide and
Adviser, for self-cure in al cases of secrecy, resulting from
the errors or excesses • f youth, or from infection, loss of
natura , power and vigour. Address Messrs. PERRY & Co.,
Suro.eons, 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street London, W.C.
l'onsultations daily, 11 till 2, and from 5 till 8. Sunday, 11
till 1 o'clock.

ABOON TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS.-
Dr. SMITH has just published a FREE EDITION of
20,000 copies of his valuable work,
theH TESelf-cu PRIV
reATE
Nervous
MEDI-
CAL FRIEND (116 pages), on of
Debility, Loss of Memory, Dimness of Sight, Lassitude, Am,
resulting from the secret sins of youth. Copies may be had
free by sending a stamped directed envelope the Author's
residence, 8, Burton-crescent, London, W.C.
Consultation by Letter without Fee.
Dr. SMITH will, for the BENEFIT of persons suffering
from NERVOUS DEBILITY, ftc., on receiving a description
of their case (enclosing a stamped directed envelope for re-
ply), send his written opinion, with advice and directions for
the most successful treatment and cure.—Address,Dr. Smith,
8, Burton-crescent, London, W.C.

DR. CURTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD :
% MEDICAL ESSAY ON SPERMATORRTHE A,
NERVOUS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, &o.
us Publhed, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates,
tnt a sealed envelope, price IL, Sold by all Booksellers, and
sent post paid, by the Author, for 1 2 stamps,
!Vje ANHOOD : the CAUSE and CURL of PRE-
T I bIATURE DECLINE IN MAN with Plain Directions
for ['effect Restoration to Health and Vigour- By Dr. J. L.
r3n um', 15, A lbertuarle-street, Piccadilly, London.
,ollies CONTENTS:
.LITTRODUCTOPY CliAl"l'Eß on the Physiological
3tayetni and Functions of the Reproductive Organs.
,e,arrlPTEi: ll.—Causes of Spermatorrhcea and Impotence;
of whether it..sui:'!",
elTAVicions 11147!lo-C31(;08; Dangers of Neglect.
t 3t,,rribTEß lII.—A ::,,tvlew (,)t tile V81r;01113 Disqualifications
eijA Maturity, the leir t ' t "Itivlte or rilfecii9l3.
q Dom Youthful Abuse, the
;on r-cl,,Rs IV. —ee 8 0 1., . 9 „, ..
of
Orrh,a and
tTseht,e Book nn4yPhilip.
_ • to whici, r_i,:ic7 with numerous varied and interesting
•inion . a lord the Author's recipe of a preventive

REVIRWS me THE WORK.Sunday Times,"
shuld. be in the hands of young and old -
`Curtis on ManhoodThistruly valuable work, and
ld %arch, 'Md.
"The 'loftier hai, comerred a great boon by
diseases
l, tact work, in which is described the source of those
wbicn produce decline in youth or more frequently premature
coo age."—" Dal iy Telegrapu,,. Aura, gy, Md.
7,ondon i Published by J. &lieu, 20, Warwick Lane, Pater-
noster-row; Mann. *9, rnhill.
10 t,lll 4
of Consultation-10 to * and 6 t a ? aundays,
Sours publishing this

THE SPORTING GAZETTE
(Limited).
A new First Class Weekly Newspaper—published every
Saturday morning, in time for the early trains--devoted to
THE TURF, COURSING, HUNTING, STEEPLE-
CHASING, and other Sports and Amusements ; THE
DRAMA, MUSIC, and LIT r,RATURE. Conducted by, a
Committee of Noblemen and Gentlemen ; and Edited by W.
H. LANGLEY, assisted by practical and experienced
Writers, and many Contributors of Eminence.

THE DREAM OF JOY. SONG. Music by
-A- W. VINCENT WALLACE; Poetry by J. E. CARPEN-
TER. 2s. 6d.

THE SLEEP OF SORROW. SONG.
Music by W. VINCENT WALLACE ; Poetry by J. E. CAR-
PENTER. 2s. 6d.

London : ROBERT COCKS and CO., New Burlington-
street, and of all mtui*c sellers.

rrEETIT:=-11-y MR. ESKELL'S INVENTION
(Royal Seal granted 17th July, 1860), Sets or partial
Sets of Teeth, exquisitely enamelled to nature, are made arid
fitted in a few hours by means of his patented soft elastic and
imperishable base of the colour of the gum, to which it ad-
heres with wonderful tenacity, dispensing with springs or
unsightly fastenings, and defying detection by tne closest
observer. The peculiar attribute of Mr. Eakell's invention
is, the readiness with which these teeth can be re-adapted to
any change of the mouth (even by the wearer); and as they
act independently of all disturbing causes which affect teeth
of ordinary construction, they are guaranteed tt, last a life
time, as well as for mastication and articulation. Mr.
E S ELL'S TREATISE, which fully explains his invention,
post free for seven stamps.—lnspection of specimens and Con-
sultations free. Terms strictly moderate.—f, Grosvenor-
street, Bond-street, London ; and 39, Bennett's-hill, Bir-
mingham.

MASCULINE POWER RESTORED
in FOURTEEN DAYS, without the possibility of
failure. For guaranteed remedy enclose 12 stamps Address,
CIIIRIIRGUS, 211, REGENT-STREET, LONDON. W.

AWHOLE LIFE MAY BE PASSED WITH
scarcely a day of illness if PARR'S LIFE PILLS be
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BRODIE'S SPEEDY CURE.—Brodie's GOLD-
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New Medical Work, price Is., post free 14 stamps, sealed 20.
Address MEDICUS, 44A, Maddox-street, Hanover-square,
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VITA VITALIS.—On Single and Married Life,
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Tenth Edition, 184 pages, Illustrated with Cases, price 18.,
post free 13 stamps, sealed ends, ls. 6d.,
Dr. HENERY'S ELABORATE WORK,
MANLY VIGOUR,
treating fully on Spermatorrhcea, Nervous Debility,
Seminal Weakness, and Diseases arising from Indiscretion•
containing full Instructions, Prescriptions, Bre., for Self-
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52, Dorset-street, Manchester-square, London, W.

rrHE VIGOUR OF YOUTH RESTORED IN
FOUR WEEKS by Dr. RICORD'S ESSENCE OF
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This wonderful agent will restore manhood to the most
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Dr. Rioord's Essence of Life is sold in cases, with full in-
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. .
4
• ,*
•
ars.' "11/14' lj‘
-'
,084:
I ' •
4441, .79 • - -
;N; Awe:. ".? „co .; try r:., - -
''Sl DrpL ...mi.., • • P*"
4(' • . ----- qe 4

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVEN !NO, OCTOBER 25, 1862

views, you will find neither of those events, if left to the
operation of the laws of nature, would have led to such a
sudden calamity as has befallen Lancashire. The slaves
might have been emancipated as others have been. Our
ancestors were all serfs at one time, but generally speaking,
as in the West Indian islands, if no foreign element is let
in among them, the transition from slavery and serfdom to
a state of freedom is carried out with comparatively little
concession or violence, and it is not likely that from that
event any sudden privation of the raw materials of industry
would have arisen. But now, with 4,000,000
bales of cotton, which will, I hear from the
highest authority, exist in the Southern States at
Christmas, hanging over our heads, and with the uncer-
tainty which exists as to the duration of the war, and con-
sidering that there is no remedial measure apparently which
can be applied, people naturally feel great disinclination to
invest their capital, when it is likely to be affected by sud-
den disturbing causes such as the possible release of this
vast amount of cotton in America. Turning to the other
view, you might have had sterility in this land) We
have had the potato blight, the vine disease, the mulberry
disease—we have had visitations of Providence in the form
of epidemics—a sort of vegetable cholera, as you may
call them ; and it is possible that you might have
some such accidental cause which would tend to
diminish the supply of cotton from America. But
this is a cause which you cannot deal with; it is unman-
ageable, and it is so grave and so alarming—it presents
itself to those who reflect and who look forward to six
months. if this civil war should go on—it presents itself in
such an odious aspect, that it is apt to beget violent thoughts
in our minds, which may tempt us to make an attempt at
some violent remedy. Now, with reference to that, we
should bear in mind the fact that I have mentioned. This
system of warfare which now affects us so severely is one
that we have maintained and are the chief means of main-
taining, in opposition, I believe, to the opinion of the
whole mercantile and indeed the whole civilised world. I
told you in the spring of 1859, on the breaking out of the
war between Austria and France, the American Govern-
ment, through the hand of Mr. Cass, the then Foreign
Minister, sent a circular despatch to all the representatives
of that Government in Europe in reference to the subject of
maritime law. An attempt was made in the House of Com-
mons to induce the Government to produce that despatch and
lay it upon the table, but the Government refused to do so.
Well, gentlemen, I hold in my hands a copy of that de-
spatch, which has been since produced by the American
Government, and which any one may purchase at the cost of
a few cents, and it enters at length into the whole question
of maritime law generally. I will not trouble you by read-
ing much of it ; but I will just quote a few general observa-
tions relating to the subject of blockades. Mr. Cass says :
" The blockade of an enemy's coast in order to prevent all
intercourse with neutrals, even for the most peaceful pur-
poses, is a claim which gains no additional strength by an
investigation into the foundation upon which it rests, and
the evils which have accompanied its exercise call for an
efficient remedy. The investment of a place by sea and
land with a view to its reduction, preventing it from re-
ceiving supplies of men and material necessary for its de-
fence is a legitimate mode of prosecuting hostilities which
cannot be objected to so long as war is recognised as an
arbiter of national disputes. But the blockade of a coast,
or of commercial positions along it, without any regard to
ulterior military operations, and with the real design of
carrying on war against trade, and from its nature against
the trade of peaceable and friendly Powers, instead of a war
against armed men, is a proceeding which it is difficult to
reconcile with reason, or the opinions of modern times. To
wat3h every creek and river and harbour upon an ocean
frontier, in order to seize and confiscate every vessel, with
its cargo, attempting to enter or go out, without any direct
effect upon the true objects of war, is a mode of conducting
hostilities which would find few advocates, if now first pre-
sented for consideration." After stating at considerable
length the reasons which induced the American Govern-
ment to make the propositions they had done, Ihe blamed
Lord Russell for not producing the despatches in the house,
feeling assured that had he done so and had England agreed
to those proposals all the other European nations would
have followed, and the consequences wouli have been that
the Northern States of America, would have been unable to
have availed themselves of the present state of international
law to blockade the Southern ports, the importation of cot-
ton would have been uninterrupted, and the distress in Lan-
cashire averted. The hon gentleman then continued
It would be bad enough to blockade your cotton and prevent
your spindles from working ; but there is another article
still more important than cotton. We get food from Ame •
rica ; and in the last session of Parliament an hon. member
who is himself an extensive miller and corn dealer, moved

for a return of the quantity of grain fit for human food and
of flour which was imported into this country from America
from the Ist Sept:lastyear to the Ist June in this year. He
said he did this for his own satisfaction, because he wished
to see what would have been the effect upon the supply of
food to this country if the talk of war in the Trent affair
had been carried ont ; and his estimate was, that the food

imported from America, from September last year to June
this year, was equal to the food of between 3,000,000 and
4,000,000 of people for the whole year. And he remarked to
me—and I quote his own words—that if that food had not
been brought from America all the money in Lombard-
street could not have purchased it, because elsewhere it
did not exist at all. Now, I would ask whether anybody
would seriously contemplate, in the case of a war with
America, enforcing a blockade in order to keep out these
commodities? Nobody would dream of such a thing for a
moment. (Cheers.) Yet we are maintaining a system that
hands over to other Powers, whenever they choose to go to
war, the power of starving our people and of depriving them
of the raw materials of our manufactures, merely because
our antiquated statesmen, who live and dream in a period
300 years ago, do not understand the spirit of the age in
which we live. (Cheers.) On this subject I will just read
an extract from a pamphlet. I have in my hand two pam-
phlets, and they are both attributed, I believe truly, to two
functionaries employed in the Board of Trade. They both
take the largest and most liberal and common-sense views
of this question; and it is, in fact, another instance added
to the case I have mentioned, showing that there has
always been something in the atmosphere of the Depart-
ment of the Board of Trade which has produced the most
enlightened and most advanced views of commercial
policy. I will read a short qaotation showing what they
think of the old authorities on this international law, which
Lord Russell has been quoting in his despatches to Ame-.
rica within the last eighteen months. This is what these
enlightened gentlemen say on the subject of interna-
tional law, and the attempt to`perpetuate the maxims
and laws laid down in comparatively barbarous ages :
" The days of Vattel, Grotius, Puffendorf, and Bynkers-
hoek are not our days ; their doctrines, however applicable
to those times, are unfit for these ; they may have been suited
for an era of war, they are unsuited to an epoch of peace.
They advanced doctrines which in their day it was perhaps
possible to maintain in some degree, but the conditions on
which their views were framed are changed, and it would
new be as easy to revive the dead creed of Protection as to
rule the relations between neutrals and belligerents by the
antiquated laws of Oleron, the Costumbres Maritimas of
Barcelona, or the once-famed Consolato del Mare. It would
be as easy to revert in medicine to the doctrines of Galen,
and to accept the crude dogmas of Theophilus as the base of
modern arts, as to define and govern our international rela-
tions by authorities whose dicta have ceased to be in har-
mony with the feelings of the present time. And-yet, gen-
tlemen, it is under these dogmas that you will continue to
be governed unless you bring some of your practical sense
to bear on the antiquated propositions of those who are at
the head of affairs. It was so before. We had to fight the
battle with our own governing classes, and you will have
to fight the battle with your governing class, your object
being to have such a reform in maritime law as will place it
in harmony with the spirit of the age in which we live.
Still, it will be said that if you injure yourselves by a com-
mercial blockade you will injure your enemy a great deal
more. I want to know what will equal the injury we do to
ourselves by a commercial blockade. What injury that
we can do to any other nation in the world will equal the
evil occasioned by the distress in Lancashire if the present
state of things continued for another six months ? (Hear,
hear.) Recollect if you blockade the commercial ports of
a foreign Power like America or Russia, the effect is that
you prevent them from receiving comparative luxuries into
their ports, such as manufactured goods or colonial pro-
duce. People can live tolerably well, as they have done,
without these things; but if you inflict a commercial block-
ade which stops the exports as well as the imports of those
countries, while you deprive them of comparative luxuries,
you deprive yourselves of the raw material by which your
people live, and the very food which is necessary to their
subsistence. (Cheers.) I have thought much upon this
matter, and I can conceive no case in which you, carrying
on war with a foreign Power, could inflict the same
of injury on them that you would inflict on yourselvesin by
an inefficient system of blockade. (Hear,
to the
the blockade be not effective, the whole thing falls
• Make it,
hear.)faus And if
ground, and is a mere mischievous delusiaond
then I say
however, effective ace ording to your theoortyi
'might be at war
that upon no great country with which
you
upon your-
could you inflict such mischief as
selves, because at that very time yousuNvould be depriving
which would enable
them of the energy and of those means
for the purpose of
them to bear the contributions
duiwtioonuldwosutalrdvbeethtehme
carrying on the war. The vherysiteinni
eooyno
require physical strength to
and degrade them in their y
time that the array w°ll-1a
enable the men to fight for their country. Is that the Way
to proceed ? On the contrary, I say that a time of NM i 8
the time when, of all others, you ought to haVe the freest
of a foreign country, especially to those
countries to the ports Oect
supply you with food. It is above all things
whfoh
countries
necessary in time of war, more even than in time of peace,
that you should have access to the materials of our Strength