The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-26 00:00:00

GARIBALDI.

The Italian papers publish the text of Garibaldi's
appeal to the Hungarians, and the reply of General
Klapka. Garibaldi's appeal is as follows :
" Hungarians I—What is Hungary about? Is that noble
nation, which already the victorious Turk has seen rise
suddenly armed in the defence of the civilisation of Euror e
—that nation before which the proud Emperors of Haps-
burg have bent as supplicants, asking aid and mercy—is it
gone to sleep for ever ?
" Brothers of Hungary I Revolution is on your threshold.
Sharpen your glance, and you will see the flag of liberty
floating on the towers of Belgrade. Listen attentively, and
you will hear the rattle of Servian rifles, who, up and
armed in defence of their rights, are fighting against the
abhorred system.
" And you,—What are you about ? You, a strong people,
who have not had the misfortune, which Italy once suffered,
of being divided between seven tyrants—you, a people of
warriors, what are you waiting for ? Have you broken your
swords ? Have you forgotten your martyrs, renounced your
vows of vengence, or do you rely in the Perfidious promises
of your oppressors ? Do you put faith in those who advise
you to accept the insidious offers of Austria, who seems
inclined now to grant you your rights, but who is already
preparing to betray you, and to take from you by force or
fraud what she reluctantly gives you ? Can you trust in the
good faith and honesty of a Government which is a robber
and a traitor, which, after the disaster of Vilagos, despoiled
a whole nation of its riches ? Or do you hearken to those
who, less imprudent, but equally culpable, flatter you with
the mad hope of accomplishing your enfranchisement by
legal expedients, henceforth shown insufficient to redeem a
people, or, what is worse still, who exhort you to await
foreign help ?

" You also are oppressed under a ferocious despotism;
you also have Austria like a rock on your chest stopping
your breath, Austria whose empire you have saved more
than once, Austria who as a reward for having lent her
many a time the bulwark of your powerful breasts, has
violated your laws, annihilated your statutes, attempted to
abolish your language, exiled your best citizens, and erected
gallows in your cities. Do you despair of your own strength
and valour ? Do not forget that in 1848 you had only to
push on your triumphal road to Vienna to destroy for ever
the old sanguinary throne of the Hapsburgs.
" Ihe present moment is more propitious ; Russia will
not now offer a helping hand to Austria to thwart your
efforts; she has been paid with too much ingratitude; and
Prussia, the ancient rival of the Empire, will not defend
her against your attacks.
" Woe to Hungary I Woe to every oppressed people if
you ebey fallacious and cowardly counsels, if you think any
other pact between you and A ustria possible except hatred
and war I Oh, brothers! do not miss this propitious op-
portunity. The Servians are fighting for liberty ; for the
emancipation of a whole race which has been oppressed and
outr aged.

"And you, also, you want liberty. You also, oppressed
and outraged, you have the right—more than the right—
the duty of reasserting the rank earned by your glozious
deeds, your virtues, and the services which you have ren-
dered to civilisation. The Servians and Montenegrins are
fighting against despotism.

Courage I You have sufficient strength if you have suffi-
cient daring. Hearken not to those who counsel patience
and an ignoniinious servility, taut listen to the voice of your
conscience, which says, 'Up! follow the example of Servia
and of Montenegro; imitate those who are ready to appl9
the torch of revolution on other points of Europe.
"Italy, m ho loves you as brothers, who has promised to
repay you the price of bloo 1, which your brave sons have
shed for
who honours and bleeses the sacred memory of Tuckery,
you on many battle-fields. Italy, grateful, and
whc died for her, calls upon you to share her new battles
and her new victories over deep )tism ; she invokes you, in
the name of the holy fraternity of peoples, in the name of
the welfare of all.
" Sons of Arpad, would you betray your brothers ? Will
you fail to join the rendezvous of nations when they meet
to do bat le against despotism F Certainly liberty aban-
doned by you would run great risks ; but your fame would
be lost for ever; the martyrs of Arad would curse you as
degenerate sons.
tf Ole ! I know yQui I do not doubt you, Hungary, too

ong deceived by pezfidfous friends, gill swam to she cry
of liberty, which to-day reaches it across the Danube, and
will to-morrow resound from Italy. And when the solemn
hour of nations strikes, I shall, I cm sure, meet your in-
vincible phalanxes on that field where a death-struggle will
be fought between liberty and tyranny, between barbarism
and civilisation.

" Your sincere brother,
" Falermo, July 26, 1862." "G. GARIBALDI.
The italia publishes the following as the text of
General Klapka's letter in reply to the appeal of
Garibaldi :

" General,—You have just addressed an appeal to arms
to Hungary. Your voice might have found an echo among
my countrymen if you had raised that war-cry at the head
of your volunteers united to the Royal troops, to advance
by common agreement against the Hapsburg dynasty. It
cannot now be responded to, for it is not the voice of Italy,
but of a man who is working to destroy his own glory, and
who compromises his name and his fortune in the sad
chances of civil war.

" To rouse the Hungarians to insurrection you quote the
example of the Servians, of the Greeks, and of the Monte-
negrins. That example is, in fact, a lesson for Hungary;
but it tells her to wait for a morel ropitious moment, if she
wishes to avoid the same mistakes and the same disasters.
The Servians, the Greeks, and the Montenegrins have
thought fit to respond to en appeal like that you have ad-
dressed to us. They were to be supported in their move-
ment ; I even believe that they expected ycu. What a fine
occasion you have lost of continuing that task of liberator
which you commenced with so much success I The fate
of all those people, betrayed in their hopes, does not
reconcile us to oppression, but bids us spare our strength for
more favourable circumstances. his patriotic prudence
does not please you, and you remind us of ur duty. This
empowers us to remind you of yours. Have you not for-
gotten it, General, by separating yourself, as you have done,
from the legal powers sanctioned by the votes of the people,
and by raising the standard of rebellion ? Stop—there is
still time—in this lamentable course. Cease to work for
Austria and for all European reactions by wishing to
hasten too quickly the emancipation of Italy. Drive away
from her all these menaces of-civil war which alarm all
honest citizens. Yen owe this to your past career ; you
owe it to your name; you owe it to the hopes which you
have engendered among nations who are suffering, and
which you cannot deceive without betraying yourself.
"As regards Hungary, she intends to and she must act,
and she has already shown what she can do. But to attempt
this new effort, while listening to the voice of her friends,
she must first consult her own conscience. She would be
happy, on the day of struggle, to lend her hand to Italy,
united with her against Austria, Nay God will it that,
when that day comes, you may resume the task which your
lucky star seems to reserve to you in contemporary events.
" Accept, General, the assurance of my devoted senti-
ments. "GEORGE KL4PIA.
" Turin, Aug. 23, 1862."

POLAND.
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

WARSAW, AUG. 17.
The system of despotism and tyranny exercised
in this country by Russia during the last 30 years
begins to bring forth its fruit. Never before the
annals of the Polish history has been sullied by the
record of a crime upon the person of the Sovereign
or any high dignitary, but the measure of patience
and resignation seems to have exceeded its limits;
and it is with pain, but hardly with surprise, that I
have to mention two successive attempts on the life
of the Marquis Wielopolski, in addition to those
made on General Luders and the Grand Duke Con-
stantine. The first was committed on the 7th inst.,
by a lithographic journeyman printer named Ryll,
at the time when the Marquis was ascending the
staircase in the large hall of the Finance Depart-
ment of the Council of State. The attempt of
firing at the Marquis having failed, the assassin
tried to make his escape through the yard, but was
stopped by the Cossacks stationed there; and handed
over to the police. On his way to the citadel he
began to vomit, and showed all the symp-
toms of having taken poison before com-
mitting the sanguinary act. The second at-
tempt occurred on the 15th instant, in a most
conspicuous place of Warsaw, and in presence
of a numerous public, then congregated in the long
alley of Ujizdors, a sort of Hyde-park carriage
promenade. The name of the author of this crime
is John Pizonca, from the same establishment as
the first. He jumped on the step of the marquis's
carriage, in which were his wife and his younger
son, and endeavoured to stab the marquis, but was
seized by the son and given up to the police. A
large concourse of people surrounded the carriage,
and with marks of sympathy, accompanied it to
the marquis's official residence in the Bruhl Palace.
Nothing can describe the indignation manifested
by the public at these dastardly deeds, which can
produce no good to the cause, and must necessarily
lead to the aggravation of the present already un-
bearable state of things. But however marked and
universal is this feeling, it is impossible to shut
one's eyes against the source from which it pro-
ceeds. Thirty years of unceasing persecution, of
cruelties unheard of, and disregarded by Europe,
and now the constant deception practised upon the
people by promises of reforms and concessions
which only exist on paper, and will never be car-
ried out ; promises made for Europe, that she may
think how "good the Emperor is." All those things
combined have produced a feeling of depair among
the younger branch of the nation, who consi-
der the attempts described above as a national
revenge, and its consequences as a kind of
martyrdom. And, indeed, lamentable as is
this idea, who can entirely condemn it, arising
as it does from the most unselfish motives. The
Emperor, and those who represent him here, are
as guilty as the misguided youths themselves.
Why not tell the Poles, here are your rights to
which you are entitled ? exercise them with pru-
dence and benefit to your country, and if they
are abused their time will come for punishment.
So far from this being the case, the Government
has really granted nothing to pacify the people,
and is more than ever bent in enacting fresh and
still more tyrannical measures.
When the Municipal Council of Warsaw, with
their President Mr. Wojde, waited on the Mar-
quis to congratulate him ou the narrow escape
from danger; the Marquis, in thanking them for
this attention, took occasion to inform them that
Mr. Wojde will have to resign his place, and will
be replaced in his functions by M. Segismond
Wielopolski, the Marquis's son. Of course such
an insult, offered to one of the worthiest citizens,
so much respected and beloved, and that in re-
turn for an act of courtesy, produced a general
discontent among the inhabitants, and several of
the members of the Municipal Council, including
the most popular of ail, Count Andrew Zamoyski,
sent in their resignations. It is clear that the
dismissal of Mr. Wojde must be ascribed to his
honest firmness in signing the report of the pri-
sons, which has made such a sensation in the
whole of Europe, disclosing as it did, their horrible
state, to the lasting shame and execration of the
Russian Government. Poor Marquis, ill-tempered
as he is, he begins to be a bad po:itician, and, in
this instance, he betrayed, to say the least of it, a
want of tact.

The trial of Taroszynski, who fired at the Grand
Duke Constantine, took place on June 14 before a
military court, presided over by a Russian Gene-
ral. A very eminent barrister, Mr. Wrotnowski,
had been designated as a counsel for him, and the
elaborate defence which he drew up nearly exone-
rated his client from the charge of ordinary murder,
grounding himself on the provocation which the
Russian Government incessantly furnishes to the
Polesbyi
misgovernment.
ts
to supersede
de
Ar w This w
inducedsk b y
the
Vincent Grobicki, an obscure lawyer, and without
sersero t hasn
o
authorities
Mr.
any personal merit. I hope to be able to furnish
some particulars of this trial when it is published.
All former marks o f national manifestations are
being shown. This is the anniversary of the union
of Lithuania with Poland. The mourning was
changed into bright and gay colours, the churches
were filled, and the religious services performed to
the amazement of the police, who were
taken by
surprise, and did not do an; damage beyond the
arrest of several persons.

Another demonstration was made at the funeral
of the Abbe Chadubski, a distinguished patriot, who
recently died at Warsaw. His remains were fol
towed to the cemetery by more than 10,000 people,
who rushed through the gates outside the city,
where no one can pass without a special written
permission from the Chief of the Police.

Fresh arrests have been (acted, among others
Mr. Szesbert, two brothers Daurciwski, Taroslaw,
and Iheophilus, of whom the first is Captain and
quarterma6ter of the Russian army stationed in
Warsaw. A woman has also been sent to the Cita-