The Sun.
London, England, 1862-12-01 00:00:00

PROCLAMATION OF THE POLISH CENTRAL
NATIONAT; COMMITTEE TO THE PEOPLE
OF .POLAN.D.

Brothers,—The Governments who have settled them-
selves upon us sprung. up from the crime of the partition of
Poland, the most heinous and iniquitous crime.ever perpe-
trated upon a whole nation, by violating every divine and
human law. Governments resting upo'n such a foundation,
and imposed upon us by invaders, cannot be, and, in fact,
are no legitimate Governments at all.
The Czar of Muscovy, the King of Prussia, and the Em-
peror of Austria sway over Poland, though they have no
title to it. The nation does not acknowledge them, and
they rule merely by violence, by the power of the bayonet.
They afford thus an example of the most monstrous Go-
vernment in the world, treating like an enemy the nation,
to whose body they cling like vampires to suck its very life
blood, and quench every spark of national spirit. And yet
the nation will not allow them to annihilate it. No nation
can be killed. It is still defending itself, and for these last
seventy years is Poland struggling with its foes. Several

times it rose in arms, and appointed its own true Govern-
ments. When these were overpowered by superior force,
and the nation was thus deprived of its legitimate leaders,
it was left at the mercy of its foes in a complete state of
anarchy, for the rule of the German and the Muscovite in
Poland is nothing else but sheer anarchy.
The events of last year, the- vicious and wholesale
butchery of an unarmed people, called forth at last an overt
expression of public opinion, and placed it in the position of
a guardian and leader of the aroused nation. Thus public
opinion openly expressed became at that time the ruler of
the nation, the actual national Government. But when
after the 15th of Oct., the Muscovites profaned our temples
by bloodshed, and began to prosecute us on a grand scale
by an unbounded oppression and a relentless tyranny, they
compelled the nation to surround its life with mystery, and
organise its elements for the defence of their most sacred
rights, their vital interests. This is the origin of the
national organisation upon which our foe is now vainly, but
obstinately, venting its fury. The forms of the military
part of the national organisation fell by accident into the
hands of the Muscovite Government, who hastened to pub-
lish it, with cal umni.,,us comments, fancying that by making
it public they would render them impossible to be carried
out, and overthrow th,e whole organisation. But such ie.not
the case, and never shall be; for Publicity never injures a
good cause, but, on the contrary elevates and fortifies it.
In reply, we announce to the Muscovite Government,

before _God, in the face of the whole Polish nation, and, the
whole world, that the nation is organised for the re-conquest
and defence of its freedom and independence, and that it
will defend itself to the last, and fight and struggle until
complete victory is obtained. ,
We do declare that the Central National Committee is the

exponent not only of the military, but also of; the national
moral organisation of the country, from the moment when
the Muscovite Governthent called them so ; and that. they
will always act as the overt leaders, the nation's own
genuine government, to which the confidence and support
of the nation fully entitles them; and that they shall only
cease to appear and act in their government capacity, when
the nation by a free and voluntary vote shall withdraw from
them, their confidence, and appoint a new Government in

their place.
The Central National Committee stands, therefore, in
jnata-position to the alien Musbovite Government at the'
actual and real NatiOnal Government. And although they
may have neither soldiers nor police underarms, who invest
the invaders with a mere semblance of a Government, they
possess in their stead a much safer basis, upon which go-
vernments really act, namely, the support and acknowledg-
ment of the nation—they possess the moral, material, force-
begetting power, the utter deficiency of which in the
governments of the Czars in Poland causes their downfall
and destruction.

We do further declare that no persecutions or victims
shall ever overawe us ; that we will persevere in spite of
gollows, musket or cannon-balls ; and that nothing soever
shall make us swerve from our duty to emancipate and de-
fend Poland.

We declare, moreover, that the characters of the two
Governments being now clearly defined, namely, the one
being the Government of the invader, the Muscovite, the
other our own true National Government, the support
and defence of the Muscovite Government shall be con-
sidered as high treason, and judged as such, and that those
regulations only of the Muscovite Government shall be

tolerated and carried out to the toleration and carrying out
of which the central committee will grant their sanction.
The Central National Committee shall still retain for the
future their present and hitherto used title, and' being
merely the exponent of the national organisation, even the
imprisonment of all the members is not capable of shaking
its power and authority.
Poles I this is the present state of 'things. Heavy toils

and hard struggles are awaiting us, and many of us may fall
victims to our country's sacred cause. _Be prepared and de-
voted, Unite under our standard, which the foe, being un-
able to upset, endeavours to disgrace by calumny and
weaken by false accusations of murder and criminal conspi-'
racy. Clear ate the consciences and unpolluted are the
hands of the bearers of the national standard. Not the de-
crees of the nation, but those of the Muscovite, are criminal.
Let your voice, let the voice of the nation, judge us. We
readily submit to their verdict, confident that the invec-
tives, the cruel oppression and tortures of the kitscovire
Government, supply the !nest convincing evidence as 'to Who
is the actual enemy andopponexit of the, welfare of the' na.:
lion. For it is not only against our power that they inveigh,
it is our power they persecute, it is the power of the nation
that makes them impatient. Seeing in the national orga-
nisation the mighty moral power of the nation, it is against
this that the. GovernMent:Of Treachery and niii#essiaim
veighs, showing you at the same time what ought to be
supported, where you ought to gather together, and whom
you ought to defend,
We invoke you to unity, to patience, and perseverance.
Let us stand forth like one enormous, powerfully-united'
mass against the invaders, who' do not bestow anything
upon the nation, and yet overwhelm it with invective and
calumny. Calling you to unity and strenuous exertions
against our foe, and to obedience to the genuine national
authority, we are confident that the harmonious action of
the masses will accelerate the moment when we will he'able
to call you to an effectual struggle for the liberty and inde-:
pendence of Poland.
Forward, then, brothers, in harmony, and in the name
of God and of the country.
THE CENTRAL NATIONAL COMMITTEE.
Warsaw, September 1, 1862.

RUMOURED RETIREMENT OF SIR HUGH ROSE.
—lt is strongly rumoured at the clubs that Sir Hugh Rose
is about to resign his appointment as Commander-in-Chief
of her Majesty's Forces in Bengal, and that Sir Hope Grant
will be his successor.— United Service Gazette.

Major-General Lord G. Paget, C.B , having pro-
ceeded on leave of absence;—the command of the cavalry
brigade at Aldershot has devolved upon Major- Geueral
Broek Taylor.

THE VANDERBILT AND THE ALABAMA.--The
Vanderbilt, formerly of the. Breinen, Southampton, and
New York line, has been despatched from the latter port to
capture the Alabama. This vessel is 340 ft, long, 49ft.
beam, 33ft. depth of hold, and 5,268 tons. Her horse-
power is 2,500. All her upperworks oh thZmaindeck'have
been cut away, leaving her deck flush from stem to stern.
She carries 12 nine-inch Dahlgren guns, six on a side, and
two 100-pound Parratt guns, one forward and the other
aft. Her power as a ram has often been doubted. Being
solid for 50 feet from the bow, she is considered able to act
as a ram. Her commander is Baldwin. -

THE SUMMER OF 1862.—The registrars for Eng-
land and Scotland report that the highest temperature re-
corded last summer at any of the stations from which - re-
turns are made to them was 81.5 deg. in England, and 80'5
deg. in Scotland. In such returns the difference of tempe-
rature in places at no great distance from each other, is very
4craarkjad.....i 41,„iast the thermometer was at 81.5 deg.
at the Royal Observatory and only at 74: 6 deg. at Guild-
hall ; 75 deg. at Bournemouth, and only 66 deg. at Vent;
tier. In July, also, when the wave of heat again passed
over England, the reading was 80 deg. at Cardington, and
'only 70.5 deg. at Aspley, in the same county of Bedford ;
84 deg. at Downside College, near Bath, and but 74.2 deg.
at Clifton. At the Royal Observatory the mean amount of
cloud was 7.8 (of 9) in the three months April to June, and
7'3 in the three months July to September. The mean of
55 stations in different parts of Scotland shows that in the
six months April to September the sun shone for only 1,052
hours, which is less by 128 than the average of the preced-
ing six years. The amount of sunshine in the summer was
almost the least ever known, says the Registrar-General of
Scotland, and the amount of cloud the greatest; and these
two things have, held so remarkably as the,rulo for the last
three years as to be confirmatory apparently of Sir J. Her-
schell's suggestion, that -our seasons experienced a distur-
bance from a comical influence in 1859 frOm which they
have not yet recovered. • The amount of ozone varies
greatly. It is very' small in the.inetropolis ; the mean of
each quarter of thiS year has ranged from 0,2 at Camden-
town in the first quarter to 2.1 at, the Royal Observatory in
the same quarter. At the coast and at seine inland stations
the
o quarter
3at;
the mean has been as, high as 5,6, .and 7. Thereli ar
va-
rieties such' as these in - the mean of the very last
01 at Downside College, Bath, and 5.7 at c
g ani t,
aCboocykeerrionutthhe, afinrdst7a.n9datseSciollnodtlaq.u,rAtetrßs Bournemouth, rtnheemyoeuatrh,
and, a
much above 4 in the third ; at Warthing, on the same coast,
4.6 in the first quarter, arid ab-,ve 6 in the second and
third. A few instances will show the variation in daily
range of temperature ; _the moan
deg. at
vlast quarter was
only 8.9 deg. at Scarborough, ,„ entnor, 9 3 deg.
at Aspley, and at Bournemouth it was 17'7 deg.; at Alder-
shot 18.8 deg„ at the Royal Observatory 19 deg,, at Ley-
ton 20 1 deg. •
THE, CONVICT GARDNER.---,011 Saturday. an
official notification was received at Newgate from'the Home
office, stating that the sentence of, oeath passed uPOn the
sweep; Samuel
tnb
aust
,ee
daGt.
crn,
udt
into.
.oe
penal rf
the f o for
Cost
ueh
rnevtirmtyu,urder of his wife; had
de for
probably
lice,
to
.Bermuda e
rm will,uda
btllineeeornea fsoce:s9m;here the punishment
is less than for lite the pri-
soners : are sent to Portland, Wheie they are entitled to a
"t=icket leave, after having conducted themiefves well for
two-thirds of the time,

FATAL ENCOUNTERS BE7WEEN

BIGILIAN SAILORS.

v

CORK, Saturday.—This morning two Sicilian
•sailors, from one of the foreign vessels lying in
Passage Reach, gottashore, accompanied by a com-
rade, who acted as second to both, and fought a
duel with. long knives in a field adjacent to the town.
Both combatants stripped and fought with great
fury. In a short time one was stabbed to the heart
and his successful enemy fell on the ground covered
with wounds. The survivor, who is in a dangerous
state, is in custody, but the third is-at large.
The Cork Examiner gives the name of the mur-
derer as Thomas Filinicio. The name of the party
who has been killed is not given.

IMPORTANT DECISION OF THE LIVER'
POOL MAGISTRATES ON THE BET-
TING ACT.

#. •
'LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY NIGHT•

No little commotion has exisced amongst the PO-
lice authorities here to-day in connection with a
number of summonses which had been issued against
several of the Liverpool betting men, the greater
part of which were to have been heard this fore-
noon, but which were, at the last moment, with-
drawn, although the different pa:ties summoned
were all in attendance, and the court was densely
crowded.

Some time ago a number of innkeepers in Liver-
pool were summoned for allowing betting in their
houses, and convicted upon the evidence of police-
men, who, in plain clothes, went to their places_ of
business, and made bets upon different horse-racing
events, depositing money at the time.
Yesterday afternoon a man named Edward
Richardson, the landlord of the Saddle Vaults, a
beer-house, was summoned, and the evidence against
him was that of a police-officer named Westcott,
who said that on Friday, the 7th instant, he went
to the defendant's premises,when the latter bet him
six half-crowns to "one against Duleibella for the
Liverpool Cup. Defendant ,booked the bet, and
witness gave him half-a-crown.

In dross-examination by Mr. Cobb, solicitor, 751.1°
appeared for the defendant, the witness Said that
the half-crown with which he, made the bet was the
property of the corporation

His evidence was corroborated by another officer,
named Hugh WAllan.
Mr. Cobb contended that there was no ease within
the meaning of the act. The act relating to betting-
houses was passed some time since in order to put
down houses which were springing up in all parts
of London, and which were used solely for the pur-
poses of betting. The act had no reference to beer-
housessuch as that kept by the defendant, where
people'went for refreshment. The act was made
for the suppression of betting-houses, not public-
houses.

Mr. Robertson 'Gladstone (brother of the Chan'
cellor of the Exchequer), who was on the bench
along with Mr. Hyslop, in adjudicating upon the
case, said—" 'With regard to this case, I believe we
are both of the same opinion, though I may be a
little stronger in my views than my brother magi-
strate. We. think, that this, is not a case 'coming
uncliir the act for the suppression of betting-houses
That'Act of Parliarctent:svas intended for the sup'
pressiori of an evil existing. I look upnt such bet"
ting as has been spoken of in this case as incidental
to a beer house, but the business of a beer-house is
the trade, of the place. As far as my judgment
goes, therefore, I do not think that the case coma
within the meaning of the act. The upper classes
could practise the, evil of betting to any extent the 9
chose, yet, when it descended to other people, ilt
so well off in this world's goods, the parties Wen"-
.
mg could be brought into court. There were club'
houses in London, and in Liverpool too, where bet-
ting_was tantly practised. In every club ta
London it wa the practiee to allow betting and
.__con.
card-playing, and bets_ were made upon every gau3;
What justice was there in alloWing. one class 1:3.'0
society to do one thing and not giving the same
privilege to other classes P"
As Mr. Gladstone again sat on the bench this
forenoon it was considered that the same dteision
would be given in the other cases. After some con'
versation amongst the prosecuting officials, it was
agrec,d that..4ll the summon;3es Ahould be withdrawn

111ELERY)51-SCLOSUBES.

The-excitement Eitßochdale, consequent upon the
recent cemetery disclosures, increases, and Mr. X.
Titylor, has removed from the honk, he recently
occupied within the cemetery gates. saturclaY
last being fixed for the re-examination of TaYletr'
he surrendered at the Rochdale Police Court- d
Ashworth, a. gravedigger at the cemetery, der's°
,0
Samuel Hollings was interred there about t%
years since 'in. the pissenters' ground.- I think hs
was interred on a Sunday, and that his body Nve,
moved on Monday to a public grave—one that he"
fallen in : There had not been auv previous regud'
lar interments in that grave. Three graves hive,
fallen in; so that there was one great hole. * A
straitened it up, and replaced the coffins that ha't
fallen' in: After, that it would be seven or eight feel,
wide. All the bodies that were taken to that 13%
from the public grave in front of the chapel `vet
removed by Taylor's orders. I daresay I have liet;
moved abont eight coffins, including those of ad° 0
and children. On Thursday, I opened the gra'vt
16,700, which belongs to Mr. Shepherd. We I'9
s
came, at 14.feet,ta the top of "tha'coffin of Thorne_
Shepheld; a grown person. Lying beside that vcre
a child's coffin, with the name "Shepherd" d
ou t
e 0
plate. 'We took those._two. coffins out, an tho
dug three feet through earth. At 18 feet we eril.„l,
to one coffin, which had the name-of " ChadWte'
on the 'pl'itte... IV..e.foOli. out 14 coffins, besides SheP
herd's two. I 'left more in. I was obliged to (We;
continue; * beediise. the. grave was wet, and-the sid,
were, giving way. I know the grave numberea,
,17,965, and lettered !‘ G. E." That.in the Dissenters
ground was opened yestex day. At 12 feet we carne t°
two coffins--a child over an adult. The name of the
child was Jonathan Eccles. At three or four inelj
below the lower of the two I came to five coffins j"
one layer.. Cross-examined—There May have been re-
gular interments.in the publie grave that fell in, I?°.-
tore bodies were removed to it, but 1 don't recollect 't.
~,,
It was not necessary to inter temporarily in e r::00
lie grave for want of room elsewhere f ther%:co
plenty of room. Sometimes when public graVe9.-- d,
been filled in with earth, they-have been eeopeve 1
and:bediee interred within 4 fee:.--o'' the surfaeeL a
don't remember any being interred teroperarilY I,"_,
public grave, till the relatives have bad an epp ortu
nity of settling the choice. of a private grave' I. ha;
known, when,we have been straitening uP .a P _„
lie grave, Taylor to say, with reference to a p.a
ticular coffin, that the friends have talked of hayint
_og;
a private grave, and -the coffin has been left ther
grave we have put bricks. ei
The, water flows in -at varioubsoadredpsth
has been -Wafer in a
thh;tvaendbeen removed, and 0
the head and fett, put . across,
after the mourner'
s. lh e:
cover
ehreet:t
the
thhaevebgpaorndes
thewith
boardsr
Mr,
ill cyst--The .two such instances. To - 0
coffin put into the .water. (Sensation.) To th
Jackson--They, were in Church ground ; one 09
from -Whitworth. One Nyus a man, anal the otheif
ii. Child. I don't remember a woman being so interre'
with the husband's knowledge that there was wate,r;
Witnesses were then called Who bad identifi
e°
coffins which had been removed from one
spot t°
another, and the case was
again
acjourned.

A LAND 'MONITOR."—Mr. Redstone, of loGliatil',;
apolis, -offers to build for the Federal GovernmentT.
Monitors," or engines of war, to weigh I,Boolb each,.v.4)st
horse engine and all, with coal, water, ammunition, "fireelai
&c.; each to be handled by two men; to discharge
each 10,000 shots in half an hour; to be capable of run.:._!
miles an hour over any glade less than 45 dcgreeesii,_.23°!.
.perfectly manageable in turning, climbing, or desc
ad' ),,f;
to clear more obstructions from artillery roads
.th.taca3:fus,
men ;: to reap the rebels clear by divisions ; to waist
ter, grape, and small shot. The inventor (Mr. 2.tttonei
says, !"-I propose to -engineer the advance car myself'th
• Journal. d'..tk-et Vilaine mentions
the
ht Rennes,iti that department, of chef de bataillon
of Nt.
on the retired list, Knight of-the Legion of honour,
e
Louis, and the.Tron-'C'ed*n. The decollsed, wliiloadvirvatisate:d
brothr of the Italian Minister,
thaEd.arrived at a
age. He served under the Fk: mp!rel Coo.
T,lte British algtik,itil Mawetle• e egraPia abio
es, Rl7l9l33AtiPg to ""'
spaenveynapnernocunackte,
Preferencethat tlleyhoyare paid off their Redeem
220.