The Sun.
London, England, 1862-02-13 00:00:00

/(71/: •
. . ~. '
•
....--- . _
, •
. r
. .• e
_ . ...,
- •
•
tA .-.....v,,..,
4.4*,
„,...,....0.
~.,.„,4,.,
art • 7114(... lit rtilitt
7K -.:'. 7.
.N. . .
' . "' ' 41
7 ,i' r :
I' . <(% 'ii.IAPS ~.94 , ‘.*l-2 ", 'l4' OAL:1
,`--4'..;',,- --?. ' -C-'i i- , 4,Y;(. ,•!.7 --_,-4 ,--,; 4,z ' ' --'l'' "t K,
s 4 .
----,,.4.4,;,,,,,
... •. .. :
'(11 - %..., •.,;,, ~,,,, '-Li,,.., c,•• i ~41,-..,---i- ,
~.,,..
_ntil4nt.,;...,
A.
. •
'
. i,r. 1 < e,
411111 r '44/ef '
.1
/1
4;-1.1,`.-,
...ffi
7", .... ....,::[":7,1;,;,% ,' 4'l' ..r 1:44,...0 Ii; v--- A;,- 4 e , ri; ~ , ~, ~‘' ' - -RC) -RC) ii . ' \ *75"
c.it --;.---V4,,/.'''', tvi"-----% ..,-V.-- _ `„'''.".v,--Cle., 1; z,-- t. '
Rio-- :4 '''' \-- ' cfsc 4 - .' fl
, „:„;„....,......,,i_7 ,-..,--.., ~/.. A 1 ,
------

PRICE.. ...4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

means of ascertaining the state of the case by refe-
rence to the work. As to the plea that if Charleston
be closed Beaufort has been opened, it is simply
absurd. Beaufort was always open to a vessel which
could run the blockade till now. It is now open in
one sense, but shut in another. The enemy hold all
the internal communications, and on the land side
Beaufort i 9 closely blockaded, unless a cargo of
negroes is desired.
The rumours of a defeat at Bowling-green have
made people uneasy, but there does not appear to
be any truth- in them, or at least any ascertainable
source. The detailed letters from the camps and
the admissions of the Confeddrates show that Zolli•
coffer was totally routed, and that the dispersion of
his force and the loss of guns and baggage were
complete. This is a serious gap in the enemy's line.
It i,s to be seen if the Federals will push their suc-
cess. The attack was gallant but rash, and the
only wonder is how so few were killed on either
side, after so many thousands fighting for such a
length of time with artillery :and rifles and at close
quarters. This, to my mind, is the greatest success
yet achieved by the Federals, not, excepting
Dranesville, and deserves to be called an important
victory for their arms. The anxiety about the
Burnside expedition is vainly disguised under the
remark that no news is good news. The weather is
moderate to-day, and we must soon have news Alf the
missing flotilla. lam about to avail myself of the
complete stagnation of accessible military opera-
tions to make an excursion into Canada and see
how things look along the frontier. As it is hard
frost, snow, and ice here, the weather at any rate
cannot be considered inviting for such a journey.

Ter 7,-, -T47 -.
-CI -,... tI, PAPER
b2-14:\A I\z
, ,-:-v ,4 , • , 0
CA ' • 1.',; F-4
N. a s
Great Britain, the population of tnose North Arne..
rican colonies rose as ono man, and determined to
unite with this countryin vindicating the honour
of our common slag, not withLtandie g the inevitable
sacrifice of life and property w!iich a hostile irza-
I sion of their country would entail. (Hear.) It might
seem inappropriate to make these remarks at a time
when two opinions of different natures were so
freely put forth—one was the art of colonisation
had been lost, and the other that it was for the in-
terest of this country to east off all her colonies en-
tirely. If the art of colonisation meant the founda-
tion of powerful, happy, and pros;erous communi-
ties in distant parts of the world, then he appealed
to the gentlemen whom he saw around him whether
the Australian colonies did not disprove the state-
ment of a lost art of colonisation. (Hear.) When
before in the history of the world had such a sight
been seen as a vast continent which within the
lives of still existing men had been uninhabited by
a single Englishman but was now the site of several
large and flourishing colonies ? The head of the
Government for which he was returning thanks
might remember, although then very young, the
foundation of those colonies, for all but two of them
had sprung
up within 20 years, and the youngest
was yet but three years cld. (Hear.) And now what
was the [population of those Australian colonies ?
They possessed a population of 1,250,000, a revenue
of the comparative enormous amount of £6,500,000,
They carried on an export trade, which occupied
1,500,000 tons of shipping in the carriage of ex-
ports valued at £21,000,000, while the imports
amounted to £25,000,000, of which no less than
£10,000,000 came from the mother country. (Hear.)
These facts disproved the idea that colonisation was
a lost art, and also proved that colonies were of use
and advantage even in the law pecuniary aspect of
the question. Within the last ten years no less than
£100,000,000 worth of gold had been exported from
Australia, and principally to this country. This
remarkable operation had been conducted without
the occurrence of those disastrous events which
had been anticipated by some persons, for during
that very period of ten years the number of acres
under cultivation in those colonies rose from
00,000 to- 300,000 ; the export of wool had in-
creased in value from £BOO,OOO to £2,000,000. That
was the material evidence of prosperity. But the
colonies had adopted the laws of the mother coun-
try, their Legislatures had generally followed the
example of England in framing their statutes, and
he thought he might refer, as an example of the
peculiarpower of adaptation to circumstances among
the Anglo• Saxon race, to the manner in which the
enormous influx of population caused by the gold
discoveries had been met by a system of taxation
and establishment of miners' courts, which had per-
fectly answered their purpose. He could not, how-
ever, say that he approved the democratic spirit in
which some measures had been conceived—(hear,
hear)—and he doubted whether .an institution—
manhood suffrage—which had not been. thought
suitable for the old country, was well fitted for a
population that was constantly moving, and did not
possess those established rights and interests which
were to be found here. (Hear, hear.) Although he
felt regret upon that subject, still he did not despair,

for he believed that the people of the colonies
would look to the example of this country, and
seeing how little disposed the working classes are

to those extensive changes which are frequently
urged upon them, will not fail practically to apply
the lesson thus taught. He could only hope that
they would guard with precious care the purity of
the bench of justice. (Hear, hear.) That was a
most important point, and one of great difficulty
under other institutions. Party spirit, even in this
country, had a tendency sometimes—not often—to
introduce upon the bench of justice men more de-
serving for their partisanship or their political
services than for their judicial acquirements ; but
how much greater would be the same danger in a
smaller community, with more democratic institu-
tions, where the changes of Government were more
rapid and frequent, and where the field of selection
was so much more restricted ? He thought that
for those offices the opinion should be taken, not
of the Secretary of State, but of some recognised
authority at home—some retired judge, if one
could be induced to accept the responsibility, and
in that way he believed the purity of the bench
of justice could be secured, and the welfare of
the colony promoted. It was, however, true in
one sense that we had lost the art of colonisation,
for the rule by force of arms was gone, but we
had acquired another and a better art, the Govern-
ment of our colonies by the force of mutual affec-

tion and interest, and he hoped that the day might
never return when a single redcoat should fire a shot
or point a bayonet in hostility at any British colo-
nist. If any colony wished to separate from us—
if they thought their strength was sufficient to
allow them to stand alone—we should not seek to
restrain them by force. Those days were long
past. But he believed that the present attachment
between Great Britain and her colonies was such
that it would be a long day ere the union between
them was severed, or sought to be severed, by
either of them. (Hear, hear.)
The Duke of NEWCASTLE then proposed, "Pro-
sperity to the Australian Colonies," which was re-
sponded to by the CHAIRMAN.
In reply to the toast of" the Lords and Commons,'
The Duke of NEWCASTLE returned thanks for
the former, and remarked that no compliment
could be more appreciated by the body which he
represented than that which was paid to it by gen-
tlemen representing communities in which an he-
reditary Chamber was unknown.
Sir J. PARINGTON, on behalf of the Commons,
said there was but one feeling in that house as re-
gardedbeenin
office
ewwilhl
entotwhaergdsoldthdeisccoorleorniieess.in Having
Austra-
lia first became known, it had been his anxious
duty to adopt measures for the occasion, and he
was truly rejoiced to find that those gold disco-
veries had not only tended to the material prospe-
rity of Australia, but had also contributed to the
happiness of all other nations. He agreed with
the noble duke in regretting the introduction of
extreme democratic institutions, as he did not be-
hove they would lead to general advantage or good
government, and he thought the colonists would do
well to study and compare the history and institu-
tions of England and the United States.
Lord STANLEY proposed, The Governors and
was
Legislatures of the Australian Colonies." The
noble lord said that there had been a time when
any
lacking means and al
nough to be a colonial governor.
man
thought of f goodgoo d familye
(Hear, hear.) But that state of things had passed
away, and during the 70 years of existence of the
Australian Colonies he thought the Colonial-office
had more reason for pride than shame in the men
whom they had appointed to represent the Crown
in distant colonies. (Hear, hear.) The task of an
Australian Governor was not always an easy one.
He had to deal with an assembly elected by almost
universal suffrage, exercising entire control over
the finances and possessing the power of withdraw-
ing confidence from the Ministry. In some colonies
that power was not allowed to
sl and in one
average
it had been exercised upon an once in every
six months. (Hear, an laughter.) But the Go-
vernor could exercise a judicious and temperate
control, and if he did not desire to be a mere cipher,
or to compromise the Crown by hasty acts, he must
act with patience, tact, and common sense. `+_ Upon
the other hand, he had to deal with a population
rich in material wealth, with almost universal edu-
cation, and animated by a desire for the continu-
ance of the British connection. The Legislatures
had their important duties to perform. It remained
for the British colonies to test how far the experi-
ment of popular self-government would work upon
a large scale for a long time. If that experiment
could be successful, it could not be tried under
more advantageous circumstances than in the Aus-
tralian colonies. They had a new country, a homo-
andsetetied by
homo-
geneous population, wealthy, and free from all ex-
ternal danger. Those who threw away.. . these
advantages would incur grave responsibilities to
their country. If those advantages were used pre_
perly, they would not only raise a magnificent
Austra-
lian u s t
empire, but they would do much toH mould the poli,
tical organisation of the world._
Wills,ie ar.)
"The memorywoewfraesEgu
vrkoeeza,
.a
vine ddh-
lien explorers,"
ich protracted the
Captain CLARKE and Dr.. 0 UoNNeal.
past midnight.
proOctehederingtosaustnstil
The dinner was worthy of the Well-known repu-
tation of the establishment,