The Sun.
London, England, 1862-01-23 00:00:00

THE SUN, LO:4DON, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 23, 1862.

)oyAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE,—
Lessee, Mr A. Harris.
THISEVENING, THE IRISH EMIGRANT. Mr. W.
J. Florence. Followed by THE YANKEE HOUSEKEEPER. Mr
and Mrs. W. J. Florence.
After which a Comic Christmas Pantomime, WHITTING-
TON AND HIS CAT ; or, Harlequin King Kollywobbol
and the Genius of Good Humour. The grotesque opening
invented and written by Henry J. Byron, Esq., author of the
Princess's Pantomime of ",Jack the Giant Killer." The
Scenery by Mr. James Gates, Mr. H. Cuthbert, and numerous
assistants. Good Humour, Miss Helen Howard ; Princess
POpEdWopEli, Miss Rose Leclercq ; Alice, Miss Pauline Le-
clercq ; Messrs. Garden, Cathcart, Morland, Collett, Hast-
ings, Raymond ; Dick Whittington, Miss Maria Harris ;
Robin Goodfellow and the Cat, Master John Haslem, (pupil
of the celebrated Gabriel Ravel; Clown, Mr. Hildyard ;
Harlequin, Mr. John Lauri; Pantaloon, Mr. Paulo; Colum-
bine, Miss Caroline Adams. Morning Performances will
take place at Two o'clock every Monday till further notice.

ENV THEATRE-R0 IAL, ADELPHI.-
LI Solo Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
THIS EVENING, and during the week the great Drama,
entitled THE OCTOROON ; or, LIFE IN LOUISIANA :
Messrs. Grace, Billington, Emery, Phillip 4, Jamison, Smith,
Stephenson, Romer, Lewis ; Mrs. Billinzton, Mrs. H. Mar-
ston, Miss C. Denvil, Miss Latimer, and slrs. H. Lewis.
After which, at 20 minutes past 9, the great Irish Dramu
of THE COLLEEN BAWN. Mr.D. Boucicault, Missßanoe,
Mr. Fisher, Miss Woolgar, c.
Box Office open from 10 till 5.

NEW ROYALTY THEATRE,
Dean-street, Oxford-street.
THIS EVENING, A NICE QUIET DAY.
After which (3d time) Offenbach's Opera Buffo, entitled
LE MARIAGE AUX LANTERNES. Mr. John Morgan,
Mesdames Stanley, Payne, and Mason. •
To conclude with THE EARLIEST EDITION OF IL
TROVATORE.

'IIHE 0 X F O RD,
6, OXFORD-STREET,

OPEN EVERY EVENING AT 7 O'CLOCK.
Selections alternately from" Ernani," " Lucrezi a Borgia,"
"La Circassienne," "La Traviata," "Simon Boccanegra,"
he., by the entire Company, Full Band and Chorus.—Conduc-
tor, Mr. F. Jong,hmans. Solos by Mr. Viotti Collins (the
great English violinist). And other attractive Entertain-
ments, the Comic portion by Miss Harriet Coveney, Messrs.
Sam Collins, E. Marshall, M. P. Foster, and W. Randall.

Hall, 6d.; Stalls and Balcony, is. ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tins DAY.—Morning, 6h. 40m.—Afternoon, 7h. lm,
To-monßow.-Morning, 7h. 30m.—Afternoon, Bh. Om.

snatched from them by a dreadful death P To
both questions the answer at once to be given is
obviously affirmative. That the relief is possible,
that the prevention is practicable, must be obvious
to any one almost after one instant's considera-
tion. It has already been suggested by two
or three reflective observers of what has just
happened at Hartley Colliery, that the simple
and effectual means of guarding against the possi-
bility of anything at all like it happening again
must be, manifestly, to provide each coalpit in the
United Kingdom with two shafts, instead of allow-
ing them to be worked, as in the present
instance, with only one. By such an arrangement,
all peril of having the occupants of a mine trapped,
as these 215 men and boys were trapped on this
day se'nnight, down at New Hartley Colliery,
would be perfectly well guarded against.
Any accident occurring in one shaft would
still have the other as a means of escape for the
miners. Or—without requiring the owners of our
coal mines to go to the enormous expense of sinking
two shafts to each mine instead of one shaft, we
would here suggest the simple and, as we conceive,
equally effectual precaution of constructing
invariably between each seam a bye-shaft that
would admit of ready communication between
all parts of the subterraneous labyrinth of
these profound and perillous excavations.
Another provision against the recurrence
of a calamity, such as that now horrifying all Eng-
land, would have been the application to the beam
of the pumping engine of the same tests applied by
Government inspectors in other instances (as for
example in the instance of ships' anchors), tests
effectually demonstrating before use the perfect
soundness of whatever is subjected to it.
We are already satisfied of this, however—
and the reflection is replete with comfort in
regard to the probable safety in future of thousands
who are engaged night and day in a trade far more
perillous than any " samphire picking" that SHAH-
SPERE ever shuddered to write of—we are already
satisfied of this, that the session now almost im-
mediately about to commence, will not be allowed
to pass away without the Lords and Commons of
England having adopted measures for the prevention
by some decisive means calculated to ensure the
complete prevention, so far as human foresight
can prevent any casualties of the kind, of these
appalling accidents in future, accidents more than
decimating an industrial population—sweeping
away the pith and vigour of it at a single blow !

As to the alleviation of the sorrows of those who
are now so direfully bereaved down at the col-
liery village of Hartley—that is surely as certain
of beir.g cared for instantly and spontaneously
by the whole comminity ! It is in obedience to a
simple instinct that we all of us at once think
of a National Subscription to this end—a subscrip-
tion in which all may participate, from our gra-
cious Sovereign downwards. Her MAJESTY, it
will be observed—not without emotion now that
the
QUEEN herself is known to be still borne
down by a home-grief of the bitterest character,
has already manifested a tender solicitude for the fate
of those among her afflicted subjects—her MAJESTY
having anxiously inquired yesterday afternoon, by
telegraph, as to any hope there might be in regard
to those 215 of her MAJESTY'S subjects and fellow-
creatures. It is the one means we have, all of us,
of evidencing our sympathy for these poor
desolated homes at Hartley. The one effec-
tual means of attesting this is through a National
Subscription, headed, as it is absolutely
certain to be headed (and, as ever, munificently),
by the name and donation of her Most. Gracious
Majesty the QUEEN, Now that we are waiting
to record the particulars of the extrication from
that pit of death of the 215 dead bodies of the poor
miners at Hartley, it is same solace to meditate on
the assuagements of some at least of the sufferings
of their afflicted widows and orphan children
through the gentle and generous agency of this
national evidence of sympathy.

We have two objections to England breaking the
blockade of the American ports—objections which
we acknowledge seem mutually destructive. Yet
if any reader does not like the one, it may be as
well for him to consider whether there is nothing
in the other. We object to it first for the sake of
India, and next because we strongly suspect that it
will before long either break itself or be broken by
others.

In the success of Indian cotton cultivation we
have always felt a deep interest. To make India
our chief supply of all possible raw materials, and
cotton in particular, is recommended by every con-
sideration, political, commercial, and philanthropic.
Sound policy asks it of us; for what can we do more
calculated to render acquiescence in our rule the in-
terest of the natives, than to have every landowner
aware that his rents, every labourer aware that his
wages, depend upon the British connection. With
the exception of the Mahommedaus who think be-
Hew rs in the Prophet inherit a right
divine to rule. we believe the opinion of
NAPI E R to be the true one, that the
Indian races ask only to be well and honourably
governed, and care but little who the governors
are. Our policy, therefore, is to do our best for pro-
fitable cultivation, that is, for high rents, and good
wages, in India. Commerce would reap the advan-
tage of avast and unfailing supply of raw materials,
and a proportionate market for the fabrics produced
from them; and the philanthropist must look with
pleasure on the prospect—he would see negro slavery
dying of inanition in the Southern States of Ame-
rica, and he would also see our civilization, our social
and religious habits following fn India in the wake
of enlarged commerce and association with the
ignorant heathens who people her vast territories.
On these rntn-al grounds we must think that
every intelligent and humane Englishman will think
it an object of the highest importance to give to
India, if possible, what the Southern slaveholders
ought to have forfeited long ago. Our responsi-
bility for the hundred and fifty millions of
people we have conquered, and our own
pecuniary advantage as a nation are quite
at one in this case. But, as circumstances stand,
India needs the time. She is on the verge of readi-
ness, but not actually ready. Rivers, roads, and
railways will soon offer communication with the
seaports, but they do not just yet. The natives
will in a little time be prepared to clean their cot-
ton in the required manner, but they are not yet
supplied sufficiently with
gins for doing it ; the
right variety of plant will before long be obtained,
but American seed has not yet been largely intro-
duced. In a word, a
year or two will make all the
difflrence of gaining for India the start she needs,
or of throwing back the growth of cotton into the
hands of men whose first act, be their professions
what they may, will be to reopen the African slave
trade, in order to beat our Indian freemen. We
acknowledge the temporary hardship and suffering
in Lancashire, but it can be only temporary. The
gain will be lasting.

We confess our fear, however, that the blockade
may be broken all too soon for what we deem to
be an object so supremely important. The incli-
nations, rerfeetly reasonable inclinations,
of Fiance
have never been concealed; but there is now
another blockade-breaker, if we mistake not, rapidly

coining on the scene. IN4 ICHOLAS threatened us in
the Crimea with General FEBRUARY, and, in truth,
we found him the most formidable of generals there.
And the Americans are now threatened by General
ASSIGNAT, whom we expect they will find, before
long, to be more formidable than General BEAURE-
GARD and, the batteries at Bull's Run. Not, per-
haps, that he would be so formidable himself, but
his Lieutenant-General, if we may prolong the hint
furnished by NICHOLAS—OVER-ISSUE is the most
invincible of devastators; the ruin of creditors, if he
be the deliverer of many debtors. Can the North,
navy, army, and all, evade his approach P If not,
how long can a commercial people keep their navy
afloat and in pay, and their army also paid and
fed. It seems pretty certain that ncrthezn taxation
can never be raised to the height requisite to obtain
loans, even at almost usurious interest—equally
certain :that it will never pay the expenses of the
army and navy; what remains but that Mr. CHASE
should quickly overleap the demands of trade in his
issue of inconvertible paper, and then the result is
as certain as the action of gravitation.
When we add to this the not improbable action
of France, there are certainly two great chances for
the blockade coming to an end. We may reasonably
ourselves refuse to join in breaking the illegal
blockade, though the proofs of its inefficiency are
becoming more obvious every day—we see them in
the Liverpool papers to-day. Still we may pro-
psrly allege that the temper of America towards
us is peculiar, that France would be very differently
regarded by her in doing the same thing, and that,
therefore, we leave it to her. We must, in justice,
confess that France has quite sufficient grounds
to put an end to what injures her
workpeople so much, and that too in pursuit of
an enterprise daily becoming more difficult. The
French people, also, look more to their governors
than we do, and it will nor be so easy to satisfy
thorn, that if they pay for such an enormous army
and navy, they ought to bear sufferings from which
their navy could free them in a week.
A correspondent in a contemporary writes :
" The announcement made a few days ago of the
fearful distress at Lyons has stimulated the zeal of
the authorities, and relief has already been distri-
buted on a very large scale ; £14,000 have been
sent by the Government to Lyons, and £lO,OOO to
St. Etienne—but, large as that amount is, it is
not likely to do more than afford a few mouthfuls
of bread and a very small quantity of fuel to
100,000 men and their families. Immediately on
the assembling of the Corps Legislatif a law (now
being drafted by the Council of State) is to be
brought forward, sanctioning an extraordinary
credit for the relief of the labourers deprived of
work by the combined influences of the stagnation
of trade, the American crisis, and the commercial
treaty. It is impossible to blame the Government
for its efforts to alleviate the sufferings of the
labouring classes in the principal manufacturing
towns."

It will then be but fair for England to say
to the French EMPEROR, if your people ask of
you not to respect this blockade, though we will
not break it, we confess freely that it does not
deserve to be respected—nor can we blame the ruler
who thinks more of his starving subjects than of
over-scrupulosity in regard to a paper blockade.
In any case we must vote at present, for leaving
the blockade to run its course so far as England is
concerned. We have more to lose in India than to
gain in Manchester by removing it too soon. And
Northern bankruptcy, and the urgent demands
of French subjects on their empire, may one or the
other of them, put an end to it perhaps too soon for

We have a little military news by the Etna, but
it is almost all in the future tense—news of what
"is to be," and of what " is expected." Our readers
by this time have probably learned to expect no-
thing, but to wait and see what is really done, The
two certainties, as Americans seem to consider them,
are that a force is to move south by the Mississippi
and to end with New Orleans—and that another
naval expedition, under a General BURNSIDE, is
mustering in Hampton roads to make another
descent—somewhere.

The naval expedition, as we have had the pro-
mises of two fulfilled at Cape Hatteras and Port
Royal, will be looked after most hopefully by us.
Its destination is said to have been changed once,
because it leaked out, and it is now an absolute
secret. Hitherto these expeditions have not pro-
duced on the negroes, or on the imaginary loyal
inhabitants of the South, the effects which were
anticipated. The slaves do not rise—do not largely
run away; the Unionists, from some cause, are not
heard of, and the troops can advance but little way,
indeed, inland—not far enough to destroy the rail-
road communication between the two rebel capitals,
Charleston and Savannah.

The military expedition, which is also to be a
river one, will start from Cairo at the junction of
the Ohio with the Mississippi. The last telegram
informs us that a portion of this force has already
begun to move southward. The scheme has been
long projected. FREMONT was to have been its
hero; but hitherto Missouri, with Kentucky
and Tennessee, have more than occupied the atten-
tion of all the Federal troops which can be sent to
or mustered in those parts. We are informed that
Nashville, the capital of Tennessee, is to be the first
place attacked, and then the army is to get down
five hundred miles further to New Orleans. It will
be, we expect, if persisted in, a perilous enterprise.
There are railroads from Nashville to New Orleans,
but can the generals trust their troops and com-
missariat to them through an enemy's country.
Other roads, we believe, there are none worthy of
the name. The Great River is the only road at all
trustworthy, and even that, if the rebels have any
artillery, cannot be very safe. It is, however,;use•
has to speculate, on what may never be carried into
execution—if the difficulties are as great as we
suppose, so much greater will be the glory of
suecoss.

The Earl and Countess of Elgin arrived at Os-
borne on Tuesday, and roturncd to London yesterday
afternoon.

His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, at-
tenied by Major. General the Hon. R. Bruce, arrived at
Buckingham Palace about 6 o'clock on Tuesday evening
from Osborne.

THE HOUSE OF LORDS.—Lord Dufferin will
move, and Lord Shelburne will second, the Address in
answer to the Speech from the Throne at the commence-
ment of the approaching session.
_ _ _

Mr. Mark Lemon is now giving the third and
concluding part " About London and Westminster;" and
next week he continues the delivery of the series on alter-
nate mornings, and on Saturday evenings, at the Gallery
of Illustration.

It is stated the traffic is greatly increasing on the
Malta and Alexandria Telegraph, and that the telegrams
are forwarded over the Italian lines with more despatch,
the average time taken these last two or three days having
been about 12 hours.

The Ost-Leutsche Post states that a mob assem-
bled three days since in front of the Catholic Archbishop's
palace at Limberg, and broke the windows with stones, the
reverend prelate having made himself unpopular with tho
Poles by issuing a circular against the national demon-
strations.

On Saturday last the Very Rev, the Dean of
Canterbury was out skating on a pond near that city, when
he ventured on a dangerous part of the ice, which broke,
and he was precipitated into the water up to the arm-pits.
The rev. gentleman was, however, soon rescued and taken
to z cottage el-so by. A chsngc of elethinfr WAS here ob-
tained, and the dean soon made his appearance again on the
pond, enjoying the fun of the misadventure which had
placed him in so awkward a position,

LATEST' NJTWS.

TURIN", JAN. 23.

Monsignor Carli, an agent of Cardin al Autonelli,
has been arrested at Leghorn. He was staying at
the Capucin convent.

MADRVD, JAN. 22.
The official Gazette announces that. Queen Isabella

IL, is enciente.

MARSEILLES, JAN. 23.

M. Fould's report has exercised no influence on
tke sugar market here.

TURIN, SAN. 22.

The Turin papers publish a despatch from Rome,
dated the 19th inst., asserting that the Austrian
Government is about to address a note to the
Great Powers, declaring that the state of Piedmont
constitutes a perpetual menace, and renders it ne-
cessary that she should be required to disarm.

ST. PETERSBURG, JAN. 22,

An Imperial ukese has been published to-day,
stating that in view of the increased requirements
of the State, an augmentation will be made in the
poll and spamp taxes and the import duties, which,
in the case of the latter, will be 5 per cent, for
articles entering Russia by the European and
Asiatic frontiers. A tax will also be levied on
registered letters.

BERLIN, JAN. 22.

To-day in the Chamber of Deputies the Minister
of Finance, amid the cheers of the members, laid
on the table of the house a bill relative to the
privileges of the Board of Control. At the same
time the Minister stated that this bill should be
considered as a token that the Government has the
completion of the constitutional edifice always
earnestly in view.

The members of the Progressist party, in a
meeting which they held today, resolved, after a
prolonged discussion, to abstain from making any
proposition in reference to an address to the King
in reply to the Royal Speech.

AMERICA.
QUEENSTOWN, JAN. 22,
The Etna, which arrived here to-day, brough
£76,000 in specie on freight.
NEW YORK, JAN. 11.

(Per Etna, via Queenstown.)

The leading articles of the press respecting Eng.
land contain nothing of importance.
The _Richmond Whig, referring to Mr. Seward's
despatch upon the Trent question, thinks England
will renew her demand for an apology, or for such
avowals as will guarantee the British flag from fur-
ther insult.

The Congressional Naval Committee has reported
on a bill for the construction of 20 iron-plated steam
gunboats.
The Yew York limes announces that the Con-
gressional Committee of Ways and Means has re-
solved to raise 150,000,000 dols.'by taxation during
the present year.

The Richmond Whig, in alluding to the sinking
of the stone fleet off Charleston, says :—" The North
has taken the first step towards making the harbour
of Charleston excellent, and the city impregnable."
General Burnside's expedition has left Anna-
polis, and will rendezvous at Hampton Roads.

The Boston Traveller announces that several
divisions of the army of the Potomac will reinforce
this expedition. Its destination is unknown.
A Cairo despatch states that 25,000 troops are
expected in that town. Upon their arrival, General
Grant, with a column of 60,000 men, will march
upon Nashville, and will endeavour to form a junc-
tion with General Buell's forces. The combined
force will then march upon New Orleans. This
movement is expected to take place within six days.

A Southern account states that the Federals have
been driven back under the cover of their gunboats
at North Edisto Island.

The Federal General, Stevens, is still in possession
of the mainland near Beaufort.

The Federals have been successful in two engage.
ments in Western Virginia.
General Price is at Springfield.

The Provost Marshal of St. Louis has notified to
all newspapers appearing outside that town that a
copy of each issue must be sent to him for inspection,
under penalty of suppression.
The New York limes states that a letter bas
been received in Washington from President Juarez
declaring that the Mexicans will never yield to
Spanish domination until completely subjugated.

Extensive Protestant and Catholic riots have
taken place at Carbonner, Nova Scotia. The troops
had been called out and many persons wounded.
Quiet was not entirely restored when the despatch
was sent off.

NEW YORK, JAN. 11 (EVENING.)

The Federal Mississippi expedition is ready to
leave Cairo, and a portion of it has already moved
southward.

The New York Tribune announces that Austria
has sent a courteous but decided protest to the
Federal Government against the capture of Messrs.
Mason and Slidell, which it declared was an act not
in accordance with international law.

The excitement at Carbonner continues. The
Bth battery of Royal Artillery have left Halifax
for that place.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

NEW YORK, JAN. 10 (Evening).

Money easier : gold, 4 to 41 prem. ; silver, 1 to 11 prem.
Stocks buoyant : New York Central, 84 ; Erie, 35 ; Illinois,
63k. Cotton unchanged : Middling Upland, 35 to 361.
Flour improving ; wheat very firm ; corn heavy. Provisions
steady; coffee good inquiry; sugar steady; molasses
steady. 25,0001 b of Government Sea Island cotton have
been sold by auction at prices varying from 631 c. for ginned,
down to 18c. for unginned. Exchange on London, 1142
to 115.

THE BRAZILS.
BUENOS AYRES, DEc. 14.
(PER FRENCH STEAMER ESTREMADURE.)

General Flores has taken possession of Santa Fe

Rosas, the late Governor, and General Lopez
have fled to the desert, whither troops have been
sent to pursue them.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Exchange on England, 665. to 675. ; on France,
85 to 85i.

BAHIA, DEC. 28.
The sugar market is flat. Holders refuse to
submit to a reduction in prices.
Cotton remains without alteration.
Cocoa stooks are exhausted, and the article con-

tinues in demand.
The stock of hides is small.
Freights nominal.
Exchange on London, 9) days' sight, 261-.
Considerable sales of brown sugar have taken
place at 2.050 and 2.100 per arroba.
PERNAMBUCO, DEC. 31.

Heavy arrivals of sugar have taken place, and
there are large stocks on hand, There is no mate-
rial alteration in prices. Channel browns are quoted
80 to 100 reis per arroba lower.
Cotton, 10,5(0 to 11,(,(,(t rti,,
Freights in demand.
Exchange to the amount of £70,000 sterling has

been negotiated on London at 265. 01,d. to 265. 0/d.
per milreis.
The Tyne arrived here on the 29th inst.