The Sun.
London, England, 1862-08-29 00:00:00

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THE SUN.
LONDON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 29, 1862.

The long-expected retreat of M'CLELLAN is at
length announced. It comes in the form of a
" supposition"—of the truth of which, however, we
can hardly doubt. And, as in the first Federal ac-
count of the seven days' defeats before Richmond,
it was added that the flank movement was for a
"strategic purpose," so now there is a kind of halt
intimation of something similar. Much more mo-
dest this time, it is true, for it is only said that it
is not known yet where General M'CLELLAN'S
army would operate. Just the suggestion is thu'
made, that amongst possibilities, it might be reck-
oned that the late grand army of the Pctomac, later
grand army before Richmond, and latest grand
army of retreat, had some mysterious scene of ope-
rations in view. The only particulars furnished of
the retreat are, that it assumed a kind of swallow-
tailed form ; bifurcating from Harrison's Landing,
on the left towards Williamsburg andiYorktown,
on the right down the James River ; the former
half of the army being crowded into transports, but
to the saving of their legs, the other half having
more space, but being obliged to walk—possibly
run for it. We are told, however, that the Confe-
derates had not up to that time molested their re-
treating adversaries. Whether unable to plant
batteries in time on the James River, which the
gunboats also protected, or to spare cavalry and
flying artillery to pursue the fugitives towards
Williamsburg, we are not told. Probably the
Vlc:lfederates, whose strategy has always been so
able, held with the great German General that we
ought
to " build a bridge of gold for a fleeing
enemy:, -kr
4,40 better habit to teach an enemy
than, that of thinking flight safe, and fighting not
necessary. Nothing less prudent than to place him
in the position in which desperation might force
him to victory, and
so
to teach him courage by
useless. Probably General LEE making cowardice
well understands all this,
and, as engaged in a de-
fensive war, only wants his enemies
to "move off."
Where indeed the same enemies would
"move
on"—he shows them that that is
a very different
affair. General POPE wished to do
"1 and appa-
rently to come down from the North on
ichmond.
But LEE sends STONEWALL JACKSON to inform him
that there is "no road this way." In the oppneitt,
direction, from Richmond, POPE and BANKS might
find, like M'CLELLAN, as good and quiet a road as
they wish. But by order of JEFJEESON DA:via
and the South, "No road fronz the North to Rich-
mond.

Respecting, indeed, the position of JACKSON and
POPE, the telegrams appear somewhat conflicting
in their accounts of the positions and movements
of the Confederate and the Federal troops. We
gather from them, however—as they are Northern
accounts—that JACKSON must be in a position,with
the 60,000 men assigned him, to forbid POPE'S ad-
vance. The incidents mentioned look unfavourable
for him. BURNSIDE, who was to have joined him,
keeps aloof, and POPE himself is learning a little
mcdesty. He finds that reprisals are possible;
acme thirty of his zommissioned officers were cap-
tured in the late engagement between him and
aAcKsox at Cedar Mountain, and these, as Presi-
dent DAvis threatened, are imprisoned and treated
as felons, and will be so till POPE recalls his in-
famous order. Already he has begun to do so.
Ha has issued
a proclamation that his order has
been "abused;s,
he now forbids his officers and
/hen to molest or
disturb
the property of citizens,
and declares that acts of
pillsge and outrage will
be punished. Whether the Southern authorities
will accept an interpretation of the original
order,
instead of its recall, remains to '.be seen. POPE
shows, however, that he thinks it d
pru ent to
change his tone in the face of generals

whom he finds to be more than his match.
There can be no longer any doubt that
a substan-
the battle of Cedar Mountain was
tial defeat of Pope,though not perhaps a rout.
The loss of 1,500 men is confessed, 300 of them pri-

goners. As the man who confessed this is the same
who sent us the long-believed fable of his capture
of 10,000 Confederates es they were quitting Corinth,
we may judge how we ought to interpret such
a confession. It maybe put as a rule of three sum.

As General POPE'S boast of the capture of 10,000

men is to the 'capture of a few scone invalids and
stragglers, so is General POPE'S confession of the
loss of 1,500 to—what ? perhaps to five times that

number. The two commanders-in-chief fight only

on paper. General LEE writes to HALLECK
threatening retaliatory measures for General POPE'S
order. HALLECK answers that he shall not reply
to the letter because it was couched in a tone in•

suiting to the Federal Government. It seems,
however, pretty clear that the Federals have little
further chance in Northern Virginia, at least of
marching to Richmond.
What the truth may be respecting the
Federal defeats, or the contrary, near Cum-
berland Gap, it is difficult to guess. The po-
sition at the point where Virginia, Kentucky,
and Tennessee meet is a very important one ; the
report which reached the North from Memphis,
now in Northern hands, of the surrender of 3,000
Federals as prisoners, is, it is now said, discredited.
It seems, however, that the Confederates are again
very strong in Eastern Tennessee, and BRAGG and
BEAUREGARD are reported to be there, at Chats»
nooga with a large army. The Governor of Ken-
tucky, who had, it will be remembered, convened
his legislature, recommends to it in his message the
almost forgotten compromise of the CRITTENPEN
resolutions. Thus, those border States which are
not, like Maryland, in full possession of the Federal
troops, are all of them still very debateable ground
between the North and the South.
The single sentence in the telegrams of yesterday
which looks better for the North, is that "recruit-
ing has much improved." Its importance depends,
however, almost as much on the causes of the im-
provement as on the increase of numbers itself.
The men, if retained, will of course be useful, but
not so useful if they enlisted merely for the bare
bounty if the military spirit were actually ris-
t the best it will take a long time to drill

and equip the new men. They cannot become effi-
cient soldiers at once. But it makes a vast diffe-
rence whether men, like our rifle corps, are real
volunteers, or whether they are mere hirelings; the
former always learn much more quickly. The
Governor of Massachusetts State, where coloured
people are citizens, has, despite the PRESI-
DENT'S refusal to employ black regiments, or-
dered the men of colour to be included in
the draughting. Mr. LINCOLN will doubt-
less be obliged to yield to so important
a state. The time impends when the dreaded con-
scription will be enforced. On the Ist of September,
for the first' time since the Union was formed, a
conscription will be attempted among the once
free citizens of the North. The enormous number
of 300,000 will be balloted for, besides those who
will be draughted to fill up the deficiency in the
list of the 300,000 volunteers.
Will the defeats and the retreats, the conscrip-
tion, and the taxation together, shake the resolu-
tion of the North. Soberer, somewhat, it has already
become. Will it vacillate, and then, American-
wise, turn suddenly quite round. To us, in Eng-
land, it seems as if nothing but Northern pride
could persuade to a continuation of the war. It
is impossible that Washington itself, which has so
often trembled for fear of a Southern advance,
should now dream of the conquest of the South.
Both the unanimity of the South and its strength,
under every disadvantage, present a very different
appearance from what they did lust April twelve-
months. We have all learned something since
then. In justification of the supposition of so many
of us in England, that the North would easily con-
quer the South, it must be remembered that we
could not suppose the North would throw over-
board its greatest advantage. We did not count
on the unchristian folly and madness of Northern
negro-hatred being so strong that it would rather
lose battles, and see its white sons slaughtered by
thousands, than base the war, on their aide, on eman-
cipation of the slave, just as the South made slavery
the corner stone of the republic. The North will
now be beaten—we fear thoroughly beaten—but it
will be because it deserves it. We speak of the
people more than the Government. Mr. LINCOLN
would go as far, probably, as the abolitionists, if the
people were with him; but they are not, they hate
the negro in their midst. They wish to chain him
to the South. They dread—a needless fear—his
emigration to the North. To have made him free
in his own climate would have been to keep him
securely there. But that day is past. They have
left the negro to maintain by his labour the white
men who fought, to keep him in bondage, against
the men who would not offer him escape from it;
the North must now yield therefore, virtually van-
quished by the slaves it would not free; for it is
the slaves who have proved to the south, the
" Sinews of War."

If there actually has not been all along, if there
is not still at this moment, a certain complicity be-
tween GARIBALDI and the RATTAZZI Cabinet—the
latter have at length, without doubt, found out to
their cost, and by a bitter experience, the old
proverbial danger of playing with edged tools!
Ever since the success of that miserable, and as it
is proving, fatal Court intrigue which ousted the
inflexible RICASOLI from power to place RATTAZZI
in his stead at the head of the Italian Government
—the latter (that is RATTAZZI) has been sedulously
and systematically encouraging GARIBALDI, until
very recently, in his endeavour to organise
throughout all Italy a national army—apart from
the Royal army, in aid of the Royal army—a
Popular gathering, north, south, east and west, of
"rPs neon corps of Rifle Volunteers. For
the eio
". ostensibly of promoting this popular
movement, the Hermit
of Caprera was sum-
moned from hisisland home by the RATTAZZI
administration
'n order that he might
traverse the Peninsula from end to end, wherever
youth
ofe EM
MANUEL were
the Royal standards
month after month, more and
u:words, li. a lbyotthbhayt
spokenhthi sect oimmeiganfnodr,
and still more
flying, to rouse the
by his
the nation
unmistakably fast
wmroirtetepzinwlyordpsro,
mthiasted
of this
and unmistakably
thing absolutely
notorious ? Why—even during the spring
'a' papcit iooanc'h' iwngas! inlsv enr yo
t earnall
year, GARIBALDI, before he quitted that little
rocky Island of Caprera, that all his truest friends
failed for
are wishing now most devoutly had rem
a little longer his residence GARIBALDI' we
say,bafore he quitted Caprera, at a sinister hint from
RATTAZZI and his colleagues, could hardly have
spoken more plainly than he did about another armed
rising in Italy being very imminent! Yet---afi'er
11" this, after he had spoken and written repeatedly
to this effe3t, GARIBALDI was lured once more
into publicity by the new Franco-Italian Prime
Minister, and encouraged in every way to in-
flame by his words and by his presence the