The Sun.
London, England, 1865-01-06 00:00:00

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Z/,,2 NEWSPAPER
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deen, which was wreclzed duriw' Wite
Fife Ness. Various other rewar
((tr,, 1:111%; to the crews of fishing, boats an dtfifig-( ijr/„.;'11q
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saripg or attempting to safe, • i
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wrecks on the coast of the ITnited sm. (twos
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0.,*.447 AV.
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reported that two lifeboats, built tuner the sttpe-
rintendence of the institution, had been sent to the
DROIT•
Olt :40;1 ,ON.„ %01l *1 6;4
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yes of:Sonth liollana and Manedles.

PRICE 4d.
s XIIIPEn S(L

The governor of New Zealand, in a letter to the in-
stitution of the 7th Oct., stated that the valuable in-
structions of the institution for the restoration of the
apparently drowned would be extensively circulated
throughout the colony. Legacies of 400/. from the
late Hon. Mrs. Fitzroy. 1001. froth Mr .1. Marchant
of Guildford, and 19/ 19s. from Mr. C. King of the
National Debt-office, had recently been left to the
institution. Dr. Watson, of Derby. le sent to the
institution the cost of a lifeboat proniisod by his late
sister-

letter was•read from the vice-president• of the Ana-
tolian Cotton Commission, Smyrna, stating that
the commutation of tithe on cotton is working fairly
in those parts, and that Government has redeemed
its pledge. The crop is turning out better than was
expected, except in the northern districts. A report,
on the cultivation of cotton in Greece,•forwarded by
the Foreign Office, was received from her Majesty's
Minister at Athens, which states that the cotton
crop this year is expected to yield about 10,500,0001 b.
The price of labour has increased, but there is every
probability that cotton cultivation on a considerable
scale will eventually be established on a solid and
durable footing in Greece. Circular reports wen

Miss Watson, of that to had (lied
ntastate and somewhat suddenly. During the past
aonth the institution hall sent new lifeboats to Piel.
,ancashire, and to New Quay, (!ardiganshire. The
ost of the former had been collected by the cont-

mercial travellers, and that of the latter by th.!
Ancient Order of Foresters. Alem.s. Forrestt. of
I.intehouse, had lifeboats building for the insti-
tution, .the cost of which was between
2,000/. and 2.0001. The cost of a. lifeboat
station. was_ altogether 600/., and 50/. a year
were required to maintain it in a state of effi-
ciency. New lifeboats were - ordered to be
stationed. at Sunderland, and at 11f aryport, Cumber-
land. Reports were read from the inspector and
the assistant-,inspector. of lifeboats to the institution
on their recent visit to the lifeboats of the society
on the coast of North Wales, Cornwall,;andlDevon.

received from the Foreign .Office on the cultivation
of cotton in Panama, Maracaibo, Madagascar, Re-
union,' Galatz, Br&sa, Smyrna, Jaffa, Trebizond.
and Manilla. The area, planted with cotton in the
state of Panama has increased from 137 acres in
1863 to 550. acres in 1864, and the produce which,
in the former year,,. was 45,0001 b., is expected
to be in the latter 500,0001 b., and still, further
progress is anticipated this year. In the state of
Zulia. (province .of Maracaibo), Venezuela, 2,400
acres have been planted.with cotton. this year, and,
the produce, which was 7,00011.1. :in 1863, is estimated
to be this year
.about 11,4001 b. The probabilities
of an increased production cannot, in the least, be
doubted ; and if pecuniary assistance could be ob-
tained, immense tracts of land would-be brought
under immediate cultivation. •The cotton grown in
this state from exotic seed obtained a high price in
the Liverpool market. In :Aladagascar,, thevian:
tity of cotton at present grown. is very small, of
'short.staple, somewhat resembling that of the West
Indies, but the production might be greatly increased
by the introduction of foreign seed, and by care
being bestowed on its cultivation. The present de-
fective system of local administration is a serious
hindrance, the produce being at the mercy of the
village chiefs. About 2,000 acres are believed to
have been planted with cotton. Reunion has at
times produced samples of cotton of finer quality
perhaps than any place in the world, and of a class
highly appreciated in France ; but though a con-
siderable extent of land was planted in 1863, the
yield was so bad and so small as to make it un-
worthy.of notice,, and little or no progress has since
been made. Her Majesty's consul at Galatz reports
that in his district but little seed has been sown, and
owing to the weather being unusually wet the plants
were either neglected or abandoned altogether. The
recent emancipation of the peasants has made the
landlords entirely dependent on paid labour, and but
little disposed to turn their attention to cotton, and
for some years but little
,will be done in this direc-
tion. Tier Majesty's consul at Brussa states that
much of the cotton planted did not come forward
from cold and rainy weather in May, but what was
resown gave good promise, and was partly in course
of being gathered when, in October, an unparalleled
inundation occurred. Though .hopes were enter-
tained of copious crops froth New. Orleans and
Egyptian seed, a return of cold weather
.makes it.
doubtful whether there will be any gathering, and
accounts from other parts of the district of Hodo-
Vendakian are of a similar import. In the consular
report; dated Smyrna, -Nov. 30, it is stated that the
quantity realised is as yet. unknown, although it
must be far below the anticipated amount, owing to
the late continual rains. A larger extent of land'
will be prepared for cotton this year than last., as
the result is far more profitable to the cultivators
than any other agricultural produce, and the far-
mers have found out the localities favourable to the
growth of cotton. and can:guard against future dis-
appointments. (fins and pm..;ses are at work in the
interior at Minimen, Magnesia. Aidin, and
The cotton exported from the port of Smyrna dur-
ing- 1863 was in value t 1,674,536. From Jaffa 7.01110
fine pods of cotton were received; grown there from
American seed by her AlajestY's`Consul, and which
present a striking contrast to -the bolls from indi-
genous seed. The example exhibited in the consular
ground has had the effect of prOving to the cultiva-
tors of the district the great advantage of grow in,
this description of ootton.. A gin IVIIS placed at the
disposal of the con..ul to encouragehis further effort:.
Her Majesty's consul at Trebizond reports that
Persia will send to that place, in the course of the
winter, 40,000 bales of cotton, equal to 4,000 tons ;
and that Georgia will likewise export 20,000 bales,
equal to about 1,500. The consular report from
Manilla states that cotton is but little cultivated in
the Philippine Islands, tobacco having the prefer-
ence, the Spanish Government possessing a monopoly,
and being determined to promote its growth in the
"ifferent provinces.

Everywhere they found the boats in excellent order,
and their crews perfectly satisfied with thou. Pay-
ments amounting to nearly 1,4001. were ordered to
be made on various lifeboat establishMents., Votes
of thanks were given by thk, comMittee to the chair-
man and officers of the institution, and' the proceed-
ilig terminated.

Dr, Livingstone in Notts,

MAXSITELD, Wednes.la3.
For some time past Dr. Livingstone and Dr. Kirk have
been staying at Newstead Abbey, the seat of the late Lord
Byron, and now of Mr. Webb. A crowded meeting Ivan

field in the Mansfield Townhall last night, under the ens-
Aces of the Mechanics' Institute, at which Dr. Livingstone

and Dr. Kirk, nnturalist of the Zambesi expedition. were

present,

Dr. LIVINGSTONE, on rising, wfis received with great •
cheering. He said if they looked on the map of Africa they

would observe that it, contained an almost unbroken and

imple coast line, and tha't no branches or arms of the sea

'an into it, and This probably was the reason why Africa

[tad remained so-long 'unexplored. The sea was the great
Highway of nations, and !Africa, having no sea running
into it, iemained comparatively unknown until within the

ast 20 years. Dr. Livingstone then adverteAl to Ids own

expeditions and exploration of the interior. In
.the first
they tray.lled through a well-watered country, and were

crossing streams almost every day. They also passed
thrOugh dense forests of 'gigantic tiraber,.anit among people

who had never seen a white man before. ' They had heard

of thorn, and had even Seen some of those prints which were
made at Manchester, which they supposed were the work
of fairies, or some beings not hnman.iu their character. Al!

that they- heard of ns was, that we were white, and enro.

out of the sea. His men were rather fond of shoWing hint

as a mil white num who hfut 'ome out. of the Reny owl thou

pointed to his hair as offering a proof that it had lwen

straightened down by the action of water. Prom flier

they came back to the Makololo country, taking with them
a good supply of beads and calico, but, when they got to
their destination they had lost all, and only possessed a few

new ideas,

Then they tried the east coast with the view

of finding a path into'the sea down tlio Zambisi river. In

the interior the river was as wide ns 11e. ‘Thinnos at Rich-
mond, and ft number of bi•:anches rail into it before it reached

the out coast. The pople through whom they travelled,
who had not been engaged _in the slave trade, wore civil,

kind, and not at all the savages which they imagined them to
be. These people were generally agrieulturists. There were

very few who devoted thenlselves entirely to bunting.

Amongst them tlioy foimd blacksmiths and smelters of iron

from the ore,-who also forged lioes knives, handles, and
shears. - lie took n sheep-bAI down to the rape with him,
and the people there would ncit believe that it Vl'4ls made by
black men, it was weld c 1 so well ; but he had seen them

make it. Thoy wows ako p,nal copirrsmiths, awl nuo.lo
oppor from malachil-. They cultiv..! ,otton. not in a
vo'y largo way, but as our forofathor, colt iyat,al wheat—
in little patches, when molt family had it, little patch. So
they had thoir pat:lies-of cotton. and the. m»n spun
and weaved it. -In almost every pw,ton..; couhl

‘,,n sitting wonving I,inning They :ds;, 'lll-
- Ma kind, of gr.:in. flllll 1116, ::011
IVAS oxeoo,lingly poopl,
fond of trade, :111,1111-y :rreat. 111;Thl

order to exoltare„,:o the- I'ttis.,.l for sotoe-
thin!, w.l,< 11 z11r111,1:111.,! of I.OlOiYO,
WOrt.' oujoyite: die ftc.ll.,s of • thtt favouril,,
Now, finding 1:-o;t1,, so far ,anNious to trztae,
skilful in Ow art of c.ultiv,:tiun. it ;:pwArect to hint (Dr.
Livingstone) t t their 41isposit 1, in It) t r:olt, and work might
ht. turned 10 advantage Loth to theta. Iv,-, ;old to this coun-
try. They saw that on the west mast tho efforts of the
ertti,rs had 'been very slb-e,sqtd indeed in
suppressing the slave trade, and giving encouragement to
missionaries and traders, and in that respect ',Lord Pal-

merston's policy had been attended with considerable suc-
cess. But they. found that the ports on the east side had
been shut up by the Portuguese Government.. The Zam-
besi.river seemed to be a fairway into the interior, and

the Portuguese, were quite willing and professed them-
selves anxious that he should do what he could to bring
the different tribes to a state of civilisation, and a better
acquaintance with their fellow-men. That was the
abject of, the Zainbesi expedition, and with that idea
they went.. by the. Shirw.a. River, and 300 miles up
they came to a lake with. the same name, with lwakish
water, but with plenty of fish and hippopotami ; 300 miles
farther they came to the lake Nyasse, and they sailed up •
that lake 280 miles. It was a lake of fresh water from 20 to
60 yards broad, and surrounded by mountains. When they
ascended these mountains they found that they only formed
the edge of a vast. table land, 3,000 feet. above the,. level of
the sea. The continent of Africa was of such vast, size that it.
was difficult to give any accurate idea of it to strangers.
On some of the hills ice and frost were seen ; in one place
grain was planted so plentifully that it could be obtained
at. the cheapest rate ; while in another partfood could not be
obtained for love or money. In any place where the rainfall
amounted on the average to 35 inches per annum, they could
cultivate without irrigation ; but the crops, if allowed to re-
main, run rapidly into seed. Cotton would
_go on for three
years without replanting. The crops w,.re of good quality,
and never injured by frost. Indigo id ent s reached the height
of a 'man, and sugar in some places was as prolific without
guano as it was in the Mauritius with it. After alluding to
the'tempting but delusive offer of land at a low rate, which
the Portuguese Government made, bnt which land really be-
longed to a Zulu tribe, who regularly exacted tribute front
the PortUgnese. D iVin gst one went on t e notice the labour
supply question, and said whenever you come to a slave,
colony you find labour dear. It was so in the neighbourhood of. •
the Zambesi and the Shirta, because all the labinif that
could be obtained was exported into slavery, and solikeP
the goose and the golden eggs—there was nobody left,
to do the necessary labour at home. A gentleman had
been lately endeavouring to prove iu the papers that
slavery was the right sort of thing for 'us, and indeed for
all the world. Now let. them take the article of coal. In
this country there was considerable difficulty in working
it ; they had to go to immense depths and make a great:
outlay in machinery. But in Africa, and by the Zambesi,
they. found a -Very extensive coalfield which was believed to
be hundreds of miles in extent, and to extend into the in-
terior. The late Dom Pedro the Fifth employed smalL
steamer and a lot of slaves to get some of that, coal, and
the officer in charge gave them some accurate information
as to the expense thus incurred, and they found it very
much dearer to have the work done by slaves than by
English free labour. We could carry coals to the mouth of
the Zambesi, and undersea the Portuguese, who had only to
bring the coals down 'the river. The effect of slave labour
upon the slave was also worthy of remark, for they, poor
fellows, did the best they could, and that was never to do
anything if they could help it. (Laughter.) It was very
natural, and ho should do the same himself. But when
they hired them by the mouth, they were the most oblig-
ing and civil servants possible. Slavery was altogether
it great mistake. Dr. Livingstone concluded by describing
some of the other productions- and characteristics of Africa,
and protested against that narrowness of mind which,
while continually crying out. " Charity begins at home.'
neither exercised the virtue there nor anywhere else, and
h urging the claims of Africa upon this country. '
Pr. KIRK afterwards adireal t ineetiu!!.

Fttom THE SEA.—A fisherman recently hauled up
silver fork, marked "Atlantio." near the spot in Long
Island Sound where the steamer .:Itiontie was wrecked on
November 27, 1846. It is iii scribed as a very heavy ol.d-
fashioned silver forl, bearing marks of long immersion in

water

[AbvEßTisEmENT.]—Hollow'fs Ointment and .Pills.—
Dangerous Diseases.—How many life-long maladies spring
from neglecting trifling symptoms. The pimple readily
curable in the nursery becomes, through carelessness, the
irremediable torment of after life. With, a knowledge of
the curative powers of Holloway's Ointment and Pills,
those who fail to use them for extirpating the first seeds of
hereditary ailment, will have to bear the punishment re-
sulting,from their folly. Holloway's remedies will remove
eruptions of the skin, scorbutic diseases, and scrofula, and
heal every description of ulcer, sore, wound or abrasion.
By the employment of Holloway's excellent, speedy, and
safe medicaments, much pain and immense experience will
be saved, and a great benefit conferred on the present and
snc6eeding-generations.