The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, "LONDON, WEEDNKS9AT FNEII.IINr4, OOTOBgg 22, 1802.

IRE GREAT GALE.

MORE CALAMITOUS LOSSES.

Upwards of 100 wrecks and casualties were posted
on the loss-book at Lloyd's in the course of yester-
day and the preceding day, and the telegrams whic h
keep coming in from the various outports furnish a
sad addition to the already long catalogue of dis-
asters. Scarcely any portion of the coast seems to
have escaped the fury of the storm.
A large ship with a valuable cargo was entirely
lost during the height of the gale on Sunday night,
on the Kentish Knock, some few miles below the
entrance to the Thames. The Fyenoord, screw
steamer, Capt. Vaut Hoft, which arrived in the river
yesterday morning from Rotterdam, reports that
about 7 o'clock on the previous ( Monday) morning
a large ship was seen on the Knock. The Fyenoord
at once bore up, and the ill-fated vessel was at once
discovered to be the barque Penningham, Capt. W.
Patten, from Jamaica to London. She was fast
going to pieces, and the steamer had just time to
rescue the captain, his wife, pilot, and all on board,
and brought them to London. In the Swin and
adjacent channels the shipping suffered severely.
The schooner Thrifty, bound to Rouen, with a cargo
of iron from Grangemouth, was wrecked on the
Long Sand, and it is reported that the wives of
the captain (Trueman) and the mate perished.
One of the large ships which was observed to
drive from her anchors and pass away has been
heard of. She proves to have been a large timber
ship called the Sir Allan M'Nab, from Quebec to
London. The fury of the gale having caused her
to part from her cable, she was driven on to the op-
posite (French) coast, where she became a wreck.
The crew succeeded in landing at Dunkirk, and
were sent on to Ostend. Another of the ships which
drove, the Elizabeth, from London, for Belize, for
the safety of which great fears were entertained, has
been reported as being off the the North Foreland,
in charge of boatmen. Ramsgate harbour is getting
crowded with shipping, which have met with
damage in the gale, and have put in to repair. The
loss in anchors and chains is something prodigious.
Respecting the shocking shipwreck which took
place in Chale Bay at the back of the Isle of Wight,
the Rev. Mr. Theobald, of Chale Rectory, has for-
warded a letter to Lloyds, communicating some par-
ticulars of the catastrophe. It appears that the ship
Lotus, from Demerara to London, sighted St. Ca-
therine Light about 10 o'clock on Saturday night,
the wind blowing heavy S and by E. About 20 mi-
nutes afterwards the crew wore ship, but finding
that they could not keep her course and were driv-
ing in, endeavoured to wear again, but could not,
and in the course of five minutes or so she struck
upon the rocks, and of those who were on board
only two were saved. She was a large class vessel,
and had a valuable cargo. The names of those who
were drowned were—Wm. M'Neil, master; Richd.
Watt, chief mate; William Henderson, second
mate; Mr. E. Murray, of Dublin, a passenger ; Peter
Montgomery, steward and cook ; Hugh Ferguson,
carpenter ; Robt. Paterson, Neil Durrock, Wm.
Lamb, John Kelly, Michael Matthews, and Wm.
Dunkin. The other ship Ellen Horsfall, from Alex-
andria to Sunderland, which also struck upon the
same section of coast on the Isle of Wight, has be-
come a total wreck, and her cargo washing out.
A melancholy tale of the scenes which were wit-
nessed in the vicinity of Orfordness has been sent up
by Lloyd's agent. The wind blew with terrific force
from SW during the night, and about 11 o'clock the
Good Intent, brigantine, of Weymouth, from the
north, was driven on shore near the martello tower.
A line was thrown over the wreck by the coastguard
mortar apparatus, by which means four of the crew
were saved ; but the master, mate, and one hand were
drowned. A line also thrown from the mortar ap-
paratus rescued the crew of the schooner Port Glas-
gow, of Whitby, from Warkworth to Boulogne,
which struck upon. the Sizewell bank. Two other
vessels are reported to have sunk on Sizewell bank,
and a small vessel is stated to have been bot-
.tom up a short distance to the northward of
Aldborough. The Eclipse, of and for Exmouth,
from Middlesborough, is reported to have foun-
dered a short distance to the northward of Orford-
ness :luring the fearful weather of Sunday night,
and that only the boy has been saved. The brig
Hugh, of Shields, for London, which went upon the
Sizewell bank, was in collision with the schooner
London, of Rochester, and afterwards struck on the
bunk. The captain and mate of the London got
on board the Hugh,.and when the latter went upon
the sand, the crew Wok to the rigging, and the
survivors were taken off at six o'clock. The cap-
tain of the London and three of the crew of the
,Hugh were drowned.
The ports down the east coast are thronged with
disabled coasters, and it is feared that sad havoc has
been caused among the fishing boats. The schooner
Garrott, of London, which ran into Lowestoft, re-
ports having passed at eight o'clock on Monday
morning, two miles off Southwold, the stern of a
fishing lugger, with nets and floats attached. The
sloop Ark, belonging to Goole, is reported to have
gunk on the inside of the Newcome Sand, but no-
thing has been heard of her crew.
g.elow Flamborough Head the gale told with
terrible effect. The damage done in the neighbour-
hood of the Tyne has already been noticed. ABer-
wick pilot boat, containing four men, is supposed to
have been overwhelmed by the wind and sea which
raged along that coast on Sunday night, and to have
been lost. Fears are also entertainql that an Italian
barque, called the Francisca Maria, which left Leith
on Saturday morning for Shields, foundered in the
saorm. The tug which had her in tow was com-
pelled to slip, in consequence of the fearful state of
the weather, and at that time the barque's bulwarks
were at times under water. No tidings have been
heard of the ship.

GREAT YARMOUTH, OCT. 21.

The crew of the Hannah Booth, which came
on shore at Caistor, as reported yesterday, was
saved by the Caistor litaboat. The crew of the
Cambria, which got upon the Barber Sand,
were also rescued by the Gorleston lifeboat.
The brig Salonica, of and from Sunderland, sunk
in the roads, and her crew, as well as that of the
Integrity, of Hartlepool, have not been heard of.
The master and mate of the sloop Two Brothers, of
Hu.ll, were received at the Sailors' Home. The
master was accompanied by his wife, and it appears
that thy' sloop during the heavy storm was found
to be matting water fast, and the master, discover-
ing that thy' vessel was sinking, made signals to a
foreign schooner in the offing. This was about
eight miles to ti:e north of the Dudgeon light ship.
The foreign schooner bore down to the assistance
of the sloop, but the set was running so high that
the crew found it iuopo,”ible to lay their vessel
alongside of their distressed comrades. Never-
Illeless a seaman managed to scramble on board the
schooner, and then the latter left the sloop to her fate.
uo-master, wife, and the mate, with but few clothes
upon them, then took to their boat, in which they
were tK4triy swamped. For some hours they were
tossed about at the mercy of the waves, suffering
extremely from cold and exposure; but ultimately
they had the good fortune to be picked up by the
schooner Susannah, of
Yarmouth, which landed
ihen. here.

Two P.M.
There has been another furious storm of wind
and rain this morning, but it was of brief duration,
and the gale seems now to have finally subsided.

TWO WRECKS OFF NEwHA "N
On Friday, Saturday, and 6
last New-
tstoo of
haven was vi,irefi by a tremendous
storm
yid wind from the W.S.W., and b ugh LeWBB,
rain
nrn its sheltered situation, escaped anymaterial
danNige, there was great fear for the
that
are constantly off the Sussex coast. The eventat
fully justified these apprehensions. On Friday
when the gale was almost at its
afternoon,
Alba French brig, called the Jenne
Albert, 191 tons, Maynar master, of Bour-
deaux, laden with zinc ore from Requejada in the
north of Spain, bound to Antwerp, was seen rapidly
approaching the shore in an unmanageable state,
with her sails torn to ribbons. She struck about
'half-past 12, on the beach near the Buckle Inn.
Assistance was rendered by the coast-guard men,
who were soon on the spot with Manby's apparatus.
A line was got from the
shore to the ship by means

• of a rocket, and the whole of the crew--five men—
got safely out ; a pig, which was on board as a sort
of a pet, jumped overboard and swam whore. It
is a terribly poor-looking animal, quite = shadow as
compared with an English pig, and o this was
probably owing its activity. The gip went to
pieces in three hours, and the sea for a long
distance was tinged with the red colour of the ore.
On the same day a billyboy, 65 tons register, and
laden with 110 tons of Portland stone, of Goole,
from Portland to London, foundered at sea, and
had it not been for the assistance of a fishing
smack, the lives of the crew and the master's
wife and six children would in all probability have
been sacrificed. The master, S. K. Green, hates
that he left Portland on Thursday about 3 o'clock,
and early on Friday morning experienced heavy
weather, in consequence of which the craft sprung
a leak. The other two men and himself worked
incessantly at the pumps, but the water continued
to gain on them, notwithstanding their strenuous
exertions to keep her afloat. In the afternoon she
was observed by the crew of the Wave fishing
' smack, of Bolchester, Dorman master, about five
miles to the westward, and nine miles south-east
of Newhaven. Perceiving that she was disabled,
the Wave ran up to her, and the master begged the
crew to assist them. It was impossible for the
smack to get near, and the sea ran so fearfully high
as to make it very dangerous to venture out in
their small boat. Notwithstanding this, Dorman,
the master of the smack, leaving two men on
board, launched his boat, quite a cockle shell,
comparatively speaking, and with three other brave
men went to their assistance. The boat was nearly
swamped several times, but at last they managed to
get on board the billyboy. Here a truly heartrend-
ing scene awaited them. The bulwarks were all
gone, the boat was stove in, and the sea was making
a clear sweep over them. The three men were
utterly exhausted, and the state of the poor woman
and her six children who were below may be more
easily imagined than described. They were sitting
huddled together in nearly three feet of water,
which was also pouring in from the deck. The
youngest child is only six months old, and the
cries of the poor creatures were so piteous as almost
to unnerve the strongest man. The difficult task of
taking Mrs. Green and the children on board the
smack was successfully carried out, although the
boat was half-full of water, Dorman and his three
men worked at the pumps for nearly three-
quarters of an hour without any perceptible
diminution of waters in the hold. It was, there-
fore, determined to abandon her, which was accord-
ingly done, and every one got safely aboard the
smack. In less than five minutes the billyboy sank
with everything belonging to the poor creatures
except the scanty clothes they stood in. This was
about five miles off Beachy Head, and Dorman de-
termined to beat up to Newhaven; after much buf-
feting by the wind and waves they reached New-
haven harbour about nine o'clock, four hours and a
half after the billyboy sank. On Sanday evening
the approach of the Newhaven and Dieppe steam-
boat was anxiously looked for. She came in at high
tide, safely passed the piers, notwithstanding the
heavy sea, and was moored amid the cheers of those
who ventured to see her come in. Such a severe
storm has not been known for years.

LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY.

The severe gale continues at Liverpool and Holy-
head, and up to the present time there are the fol-
lowing additional disasters to report :—The Quasi
Rosa is wrecked at Formby, and the crew are sup-
posed to be drowned ; too roagh to render assist-
ance. The City of Ottawa, from Calcutta, and the
Carrier Dove, from New York, dragged foul of eaeh
other while at anchor in the Sloyne. The Carrier
Dove lost her anchor, and is severely damaged.
This morning the Reliance, ship, ran into the Wil-
liam Henry, from Boston to Liverpool. The latter
ship was abandoned in a sinking condition. The
Locadia, from Baltimore, had a pilot put on board
from No. 6 boat on Sunday, and has not been heard
of since.

SHIELDS, TUESDAY NOON.

The gale, which blew heavily from the N.W. last
night, moderated this morning ; and though we
have a strong wind, the day is clear and bright.
No more mischief has been done on the Tyne.
The clubs, however, have intelligence this morn-
ing that half-a-dozen north country colliers, which
left the Tyne in the middle of last week, are ashore
in the neighbourhood of Yarmouth Roads. There is
no intelligence of the vessels which left the Tyne on
Saturday, and seafaring people are very anxious
with regard to them. The ship Clarendon, which
broke her line off Souter Point, and drove out to sea,
in the middle of the gale, has not cast up yet. An-
other large ship, which sailed from Hull to Shields
on Sunday night, there is reason to believe without
ballast, and would 'go out of the Humber into the
heart of the gale, is causing great anxiety to her
owners and underwriters. Three seamen were
drowned in the Tyne on Sunday night. A lad named
Fraser, a man from on board the Huntley, and a
sailor named Carter, who fell into Shields Harbour.

DUBLIN, MONDAY NIGHT.

The gale already reported continued to rage
throughout S unday night, and the greater part of this
day, with almost unabated violence. No casualties
of any note ozcurred on the coast, as the wind blew
from the westward. The mail steamer Munster was
literally blown over to Holyhead, but on her return
passage this morning experienced the full brunt of
the wind and waves, the latter breaking over her
hurricane deck, bridge, and funnels. She was de-
tained at Holyhead till four a.m., the down mail
train being delayed owing to the obstructive power
of the wind and the blowing out of various distance
signal lamps on the line. The Munster did not, con-
sequently, arrive at Kingstown till nine a.m., hav-
ing made a splendid passage of four hours and a
half. She has to night been replaced on the passage
by the Ulster. A boat which had been employed
to convey an officer on board one of the gun boats
in Kingstown Harbour filled with water, the men
just reaching the vessel in time to save their lives.
The mail steamer Leinster experienced a very rough
passage this evening, arriving at 7.15 p.m. She
reports no wrecks on the Welsh coast as far as
known at the time of her departure from Holyhead.

HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE
WEEK.

(From the Regzstrar-General's Weekly Return.)
It appears from the weekly returns issued by the
Registrar• General that the deaths registered in
London in the week that ended last Saturday were
1,181. The average number of deaths in the weeks
corresponding with last week in the ten years 1852-
61 is found, with a correction for increase of popu-
lation, to be 1,159. The rate of mortality in last
week exceeded the average, but the excess is not
considerable.
There were twelve deaths in the week from small-
pox, and 61 from measles. Nine of these 61 oc-
curred in Bethnal-green. Scarlatina was fatal in
75 cases, 4 of which were in Somers-town, 5 in
Kennington. Sixty-three deaths from typhus were
recorded, 5 of these in Hoxton New Town, 5 in
Limehonse, and 6 in the district of Poplar.
Five deaths of infants are referred in the tables
to the head " murder or manslaughter."
A girl, aged 1 year, died of " impetigo (4 months),
want of proper cleanliness." A charwoman died
at 6, Everard-street (St. George-in-the-East), of

" typhus (6 days);" and it is stated that there are
other cases of typhus in the same house, and that
the apartments in which the death occurred was
in " a wretched and squalid condition."

Five persons, who Were 91 years of age and up-
wards
died in the week. A market s oman died on the
11th of October in St. Giles Workhouse, whose age
is stated to have been 104 years. It is added that
"she retained her faculties to the last."
Last week the births of 944 boys and 919 girls,
in all 1,863 children, were registered in London. In
the ten corresponding
the average number weeks of the years 1852.61
(corrected) was 1,811.
At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean
height of the barometer in the week was 29.608 in.
The barometrical readings rose to 29.93 in. on
Thursday, and fell to 29.30 in. on Saturday. The
mean temperature of the air in the week was 53.9
degs., which is 4 degs. above the average of the same

week in 43 years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher).
The mean daily temperature was above the average
on every day till Saturday ; and on Tuesday and
Wednesday it was respectively 9.9 degs. and 8.4
degs. above the average. The highest day tempera-
ture was 71.4 deg. on Wednesday ; the lowest night
temperature was 40.3 degs. on Saturday. The range
of the thermometer in the week was therefore 30.1
deg. The mean daily range was 13.8 degs. The dif-
ference between the mean dew-point temperature
and air temperature was 3.7 degs. The mean degree
of humidity of the air was 89, complete saturation
being represented by 100, which point was almost
attained on Sunday and Saturday. The rain-fall
was 1.61 in., nearly an inch having fallen on Sa-
turday.
METROPOLITAN WATERS IN SEPT., 1862.

The waters used in the metropolis for domestic
purposes, according to the analysis of 1)r. Robt. D.
Thomson, F.R.S., approach the composition which
they exhibited last month. Some of the Thames
waters contain rather more organic matter than in
the previous month. For the sake of comparison the
constitution of a well at Brighton is given, contain-
ing a large amount of organic impurity. In the
Kent Company's water the small amount of organic
matter was oxidised, and therefore innocuous.
Total impurity Organicim-
per gallon. purity.
gre. or deg. grs. or deg.
Distilled Water
Loch Katrine water, new supply
to Glasgow
Manchester water supply
Well at Brighton 63*60 17'52
THAMES COMPANIES.
Chelsea
Southwark
Grand Junction
West Middlesex.. 18.16 1.52
Lambeth
OTHER COMPANIES.
Kent
East London
New River

The table is read thus—Loch Katrine water contains in the
gallon 2'35 degrees or grains of foreign matter in solution,
of which •605 degrees or grains are of vegetable or animal
origin.

CITY COUR7 OP SEWERS.

The weekly meeting of the Commissioners of
Sewers was held yesterday in the Sewers Court-
room, at Guildhall ; Mr. de Jersey presiding.
For some time past the City authorities have been
appealed to to take some steps to render it less
difficult for foot passengers to cross the streets in
the City, where the traffic is so great as to render
crossing the roads a matter of great difficulty and
even danger. Yesterday Mr. Deputy Lott brought
the matter before the court, and moved, " That it
be referred to the General Purposes Committee to
consider the practicability of constructing iron
bridges over certain portions of the streets, whereby
foot passengers cross them without danger, delay,
or difficulty."
Mr. Deputy ELLIOTT seconded the motion, which
was supported by Mr. Deputy Harrison and Mr. J.
Young.
Dr. ABRAHAM, however, opposed the motion, and
thought there were so many difficulties in the way as
to render the undertaking impracticable.
The motion, however, was agreed to.
Dr. LETHEBY, the medical officer, reported on the
state of 172 houses which had been inspected during
the week, and he submitted a list of 67 places for
sanitary improvement. He likewise submitted a
list of places requiring further proceedings, on ac-
count of orders already issued not having been com-
plied with. He reported that the markets and
slaughter-houses had been duly inspected during
the week, and that the officers had seized 3,924 lbs.
of meat and 7,017 head of game as unfit for human
food. It consisted of 14 sheep, 4 pigs, 10 quarters
of beef, and numerous joints. About one-third was
diseased, and the rest was putrid.
53 deaths and 64 births have been registered dur-
ing the week. The number of deaths is a little above
the average (50) for the corresponding period of the
last seven years. 20 of the deaths were among
children of less than five years of age, and 13 among
old persons of 60 and upwards. The chief causes of
death were diseases of a chronic character ; but there
were 7 deaths from phthisis, 7 from mesenteric dis-
ease, 2, from pneumonia, 4 from bronchitis, 3 from
continued fever, and 3 from scarlet fever, making 14
deaths from tubercular diseases, 6 from infiamma-
tory affections of the lungs, and 6 from diseases of
the zymotic class.

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.

GREAT INDIAN PENINSULA.

The following is the report of the director, to be
presented to the proprietors at the half-yearly
general meeting on Friday next :
"The board of directors have the pleasure of sub-
mitting to the proprietors herewith the various
statements of acconnts for the half-year ending 30th
of June last, duly signed by the auditors. The
gross earnings of the half-year in respect of the
4371, miles open amount to £239,687 13s. ld., or
£547 los. 1 old. per mile. Of this sum, however,
only £167,145 lls. 9d. is brought into the
revenue statement, the difference, £72,542 ls.
4d., having been first deducted from the re-
ceipts, in accordance with previous practice, to
meet the cost of passing the traffic across the
gaps in the railway system at the Bhore and Thull
Ghats, and at the Goolbun Ravine. The work-
ing expenses, as shown in the revenue statement,
amounted to £103,714 13s. 3d. or 62.10 per
cent. of the above-mentioned sum of £167,145 lls.
9d., leaving £63,430 11s_ 6d. as net profit, to be
carried to the credit of the company's interest ac-
count with the Government. It affords the directors
much satisfaction to bring to the notice of the pro-
prietors the steady increase of the traffic and receipts.
Throughout the half year the railway open for traffic
and the whole of the rolling stock and machinery in
use, are reported to have been thoroughly upheld at
the expense of revenue. The cost of maintenance of
the line and works was equal to Bd. per train mile.
The proprietors will be gratified to find from the
engineer's report that very satisfactory progress is
being made with the remaining portions of the line
under construction. The works in substitution for
the Goolbun viaduct have been completed, and the
through railway communication to the foot of the
Thull Ghat thereby restored. An additional length
of 58 miles from Chalesgaum to Julgaum, on the
north-east line, having been finished, was to be in-
spected by the government consulting engineer on
the 15th September ult., previously to opening it
for public traffic; and on the Bhore Ghat incline
the Vi orks are in so forward a state as to lead to the
expectation that that section will certainly be
completed and opened for traffic by the end of March
next. It will be also observed that iu the course of
the ensuing season the north-east line will be com-
pleted as far as Sheagaum, a village 62 miles long.
Contract No. 13, well situated for a temporary ter-
minus, being in the centre of the cotton districts and
cultivated plains of West Berar. The directors
have the raelancholy duty of announcing to the
proprietors the death, on the 25th August last, of
Mr. James J. Berkeley, M.1.C.E., the company's
chief resident engAieer in India. Mr. Berkeley,
from the commencement of operations in January,
1850, down to the beginning of last year, when his
failing health compelled his return to England,
conducted the whole of the engineering operations
with remarkable devotion, energy, and engineer-
ing skill, to the entire satisfaction of the
directors. In order to record more perma-
nently their sense of the valuable services which
Mr. Berkeley rendered to the company, the board
have directed a tablet to be erected to his memory in
some favourable conspicuous position at the Bhore
Ghat Incline. Mr. R. W. Graham, the second
engineer, has been appointed chief resident engi-
neer. Consequent upon the amount of capital
having been raised to £11,000,000, as mentioned
in the last half-yearly report, the directors recom-
mend that the secretary's salary be increased from
£9OO to £l,OOO per annum; to meet which, and
other necessary expenses, the sanction of the
Right Hon. the Secretary of State for India in
Council has been given to an addition to the
home establishment charges."

DUTCH-RHENISH.
The receipts for the fortnight ending Sept. 30,
1862, amounted to 1:10,236 7s. 61d., and for the cor-
responding period of last year to £9,564 lls. Bd.,
showing an increase of £671 15s. 101 d. in favour
of the present year. The receipts since the com-
mencement of the present book year, on the Ist

May, including the above, amounted to £99,816 12s.
81d., showing an increase, as compared with the
corresponding period of last year, of £6,341 17s.
101 d. The working expenses for the fortnight
amounted to £3,552 19s. Bd., or 31,70 per cent.
of the receipts, and for the corresponding period of
last year to £3,141 ls. 2d., or 32.84 per cent.,
showing an increase of expenses amounting to
£4ll 18s. 6d. against the present year. The work-
ing expenses from May 1, 1862, to Sept. 30, 1862,
amounted to £35,319 16s. 4d,, or 35.38 per cent, of
the receipts. The working expenses for the year
1861-62 were 38.45 per cent. of the receipts.

IRELAND.

DUBLIN, OCT. 21.

The Mansion-house Committee for the Relief of
Distress in Ireland have published their report. It
is written in a spirit of candour and moderation,
and contains some valuable suggestions and sta-
tistics. The total amount collected since the com-
mittee commenced their operations last autumn is
15,179 16s. 9d. No doubt, had the case which they
made out been fully credited by the Christian public,
the funds would have been ten times that amount
at least. But they remark that, " unfortunately a
portion of the public press asserted that there was
no distress which required more assistance than
could be met by the Poor Law, aided by local
efforts. This view was also taken in Parliamentary
and other public discussions, by the Chief Secretary
for Ireland, and other members of the Government,
and in consequence many were led to believe, and
others probably led to affect, that the cry of distress
was in a great measure artificial and chiefly sec-
tarian ; and the further consequence was that,
with few exceptions, the contributions received by
the committee have come not only from one section
of the community, but from a very limited portion
of the wealthy of that section, as will be perceived
by a glance at the subscription list herewith pub-
lished." In several districts neither landlords nor
occupiers subscribed, the funds being altogether
given by parties unconnected with them, " among
whom the Society of Friends should be mentioned,
whose liberal and judicious benevolence on this and
on other occasions, in money and in food, is above
all praise."

With regard to the foregoing statement, it is to
be observed that the whole Roman Catholic press
of Ireland loudly proclaimed that the distress was
extreme, and earnestly pleaded for relief. The
Roman Catholic clergy in all the suffering districts
vouched for the reality and the severity of the visita-
tion, and appealed in the most importunate and
pathetic terms for help. Yet in the face of all this
testimony, endorsed by this highly respectable and
influential committee—which includes the Lord
Mayor and Archbishop Cullen—they admit that the
contributions came only from a very limited por-
tion of the wealthy of one section of the commu-
nity, that section being the Roman Catholics. The
conclusion from these premises is inevitable, viz.,
the R man Catholics themselves, with the excep-
tion of a very limited portion of the wealthy, did
not believe in the reality of the distress. If they did
they would unquestionably, as a charitable people,
have commiserated their suffering fellow Catholics
and contributed to their relief. But if they were
incredulous and deaf to the most piteous appeals,
Protestants may be excused for doubting, and the
portion of the press which gave expression to their
doubts cannot have fallen into very serious error.
If anything more were wanted to justify the course
which the press adopted in reference to this matter
it would be found in the statistics which the com-
mittee themselves have collected. The current
year's poundage rates on 172 electoral divisions in
the distressed districts present the following re-
sults :—The lowest rate is 2d. in the pound, the
highest is 12d. In only 29 divisions did the rate
rise to the last figure. The committee significantly
add " that the necessity for assistance was as pres-
singly put from the lowest rated districts as from
the highest of the other 420 divisions in which the
current rate ranged from ls. to 4s. 7d." Again,
the annual average expenditure during the last
three years of 27 Connaught unions which received
funds from the committee was £41,760, which was
an average poundage of 9d. on £1,268,158, the
valuation of those unions. In each of 20 it ranged
from 6d. to ls. ; in seven only it exceeded ls. The
population of these unions is about 850,000,
and the proportion receiving relief is 1 in 191
of that population. In England it is 1 in 24;;
even in Leinster it is about 1 in 86. " Yet,
though the rates were much higher there than in
most Connaught unions, no appliance for assistance
came from that province, with the exception of one
from the Parsonstown union, and some from the
charitable society of St. Vincent de Paul, in the
North and South Dublin unions." In those Con-
naught unions, so lightly rated, from which such
loud cries of distress came for months, " the num-
ber in the workhouses was very small, and none, or
only few, on outdoor relief."
The committee, therefore, in order to avoid their
own stultification, in collecting and administering
charitable funds where there was really no need,
are driven to the necessity of virtually charging the
Connaught Boards of Guardians, the landed pro-
prietors, and the ratepayers with inhumanity in re-
fusing to relieve the distress of their poor, who were
obliged to cry for bread to strangers in the other
provinces of Ireland, in Great Britain, on the Con-
tinent, and in America. The committee censure
the Poor Law Commissianers for not compelling the
Connaught Boards to administer the Poor Law
relief more mercifully, and they recommend that
the Legislature should interpose to give them
greater coercive powers for that purpose. But the
public, I think, duly considering these facts and
statistics, will come to the conclusion that the im-
plied charge of inhumanity is a libel on the Con-
naught Boards—which, be it remembered, are for
the most part composed of Roman Catholics, magi-
strates, and elected guardians, who are not a whit
more likely to act with cruelty towards their poor
than the same class in any other part of the coun-
try. It is particularly unfair to cast such an impu-
tation on the Connaught gentry and ratepayers,
when not a single instance is adduced by the com-
mittee of death from starvation within their unions
—not a single case of destitution in which relief
was refused.

Dr. R-idcliff, Judge of the Consistorial Court and
Vicar-General of the provinces of Armagh and
Dublin. died on Saturday.
Lord Stanley was present at the last petty ses-
sions held in the town of Tipperary, when he saw
the following specimen of the "Tipperary boys :"
John Mara, en old offender, was charged on his own
admission, with burning, on the lands of Kilfeacle,
a rick of hay, the property of Richard Dalton of
Tipperary, and also two houses the property of P.
Gleeson, of Kilfeacle. Constable T. Regan proved
that Al.tra came to his barrack the night previous
and showed him houses on fire, and in another direc-
tion, about three-quarters of a mile distant, he also
showed him a rick of hay on fire, and after being
cautioned admitted to his having burnt the hay
and houses, and pointed out to the constable where
he threw away the matches. When asked had he
anything to say, he said that it was he who burnt
them, and that he would, "only his feet failed him,
burn every house from Kilfeacle to Cashel." When
asked where he was from, he said from Tipperary,
and that he was only two days out of Clonmel Gaol,
where he had been confined. The total property
destroyed is about 15 tons of hay, a forge, and an
outhouse. The case was returned for trial to the
next assizes of Clonmel. This is the second in-
stance in the neighbourhood of Tipperary of
wantonly setting fire to farm buildings, thereby
causing great destruction of property.

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THE EXPENDITURE OF TliE CONFE-

DEIM7E STATES.

(Prow Me Economist.)

Nothing, even in recent American history, is
more remarkable than the almost complete igno-
rance in this country with respect to the financial
position of the Confederate States. We know they
must have obtained much money, for such a war as
they have maintained cannot be supported without
much money. But exactly how great their re-
sources have been we cannot say, and whence the
resources have been derived we are wholly ignorant.
Sonic information has now, however, been received
by the professed friends of the South in this coun-
try, which, if its completeness should be confirmed
and its accuracy established, will go far to remove
our singular want of knowledge.
It is said that the total expenditure of the Con-
federate States up to the Ist of August last was as
follows :

War Department
Navy Department
Civil and Miscellaneoug 3,678,850

£76,705,060

If this account should be confirmed. and wo are
assured that it is correct, the South may be con-
gratulated on having made a great war, not only
very successfully, but very cheaply. We will not
compare this small sum with the enormous figures of
Mr. Chase; * but it is worth while to remember that
Sir G. C. Lewis estimated the cost of the Crimean
war to this country at £77,588,000 ; that the
Crimean war could not be compared in magnitude
to the tremendous struggle in which the Confede-
rate States are engaged; that such a war as theirs
would have cost us much more than such a war as
ours cost us ; that, nevertheless, £76,705,060 covers
their whole expenditure, military as well as civil,
while £77,588,000 was requisite for only the mili-
tary part of ours_
The mode in which this considerable though not
excessive sum has been obtained is, we are informed,
as follows :