The Sun.
London, England, 1862-09-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDOIN FRIDAY E N't N'7r, SEPTEVIBER 19, 1862.

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THE SUN.

LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 19, 1862.

It is much to be regretted that one of the most
extensively circulated of our morning contempo-
raries should not merely be an advocate of the
South, but that it should also grievously misre-
present the views of the best portion of the North.
That., as things stand, the South is in many respects
as ranch entitled to our sympathies as the North,
we have always roqintained. But that there is one
serious difference all Englishmen must admit. The
South went to war to extend slavery. That was
the distinct is'ar,e. Mr. LINCOLN'S programme was
—" .No extewsion of slavery into the yet free terri-
tory belongNg to the Union ;" that of Mr. DOUGLAS
was, scraitter sovereignty, or the right of the
squ ..tters to decide. Mr. BELL was for the Union,
igT tori.ng the slavery question altogether ; but Mr.
B EF.CKENRIDGE, the candidate who carried what
r Aay be called the South proper, was a pro-slavery
roan throughout. He denied the right of Congress
'to keep slavery out of the territories, and insisted
on the infamous Dred SCOTT decision, Fugitive
Slave Laws, land the dominance, in fact, of slavery
th roughout, the whole republic. Surely, Mr.
LINCOLN'S cause—which was definitively to leave
slavery where the Constitution he had sworn to
01", serve prohibited his interference with it, but to
'prevent its extension beyond those limits—surely
this was infinitely better than that of JEFFERSON
DAVIS, whose creed was that slavery e ccslo de-
scendit.

The Abolitionists, whom the Times so delights
to revile, are the men who iu America represent
ora CLARKEONS, WILBERFORCES, and BTJXTONS--
names we have not learned as yet to erase from the
breviary of English philanthropists ; they are fana-
tics, madmen, or they are mere impracticable crotche-
teers and so forth. But the standing charge against
them in the " bigger-hating" North is that they are
quite ready to raise the whole of the slaves in the
South against their masters, and to " carry murder,
Past, and rapine into every household." We are
really sorry to see a respectable journal lending
itself, in its zeal for the South, to such miserable
cant and slang as this. We wonder what Aboli-
tionist of any character, or any one at all that we ever
heard of, can be cited as proof of the existence of
inch views among his party. We are Abolitionists.
Yet we certainly never wished that a single
Southern planter should be touched by a negro, and,
notwithstanding all this rant, we are certain that he
never would be.

It .may be that great numbers of negro proprietors,
fee,i, but too reasonably, that they well deserve the
aeverest retribution their negroes could inflict—
there are doubtless thousands of them who, if they
received a hundred or two with the cat or the cow-
hide, might justify providence after the manner of
ADONI-BEZEK. But revenge ;
not the negro
nature ; to love freedom is ; and if the slaves could
take it without danger, no doubt they'would do it ;
but every one who has
studied their charaete, feels
assured that, though they would gladly hold them.
selves free from masters whom they have never
engaged to serve, they would not touch a hair of
their heads. We have the facts before us that in
Jamaica and the West India Islands not a case of
cruelty, insult, even of taunt, was heard of when the
Poor negroes were freed. But, a recent visitor to
the island does report cases of the poor gentle crea-
tures actually Supporting some of their former em-
ployers who had fallen through misfortune, though
they had been cruel employers. In one case a negro
was actually assisting to maintain a person who, in
the days of slavery had flogged him!

We much question now whethera proclamation
of emancipation might not be simply ridiculous.
The Northern armies are not in the position to
benefit by it. Had they at first declared that sla-
very by rebelling against the Union, had forfeited
its protection—had they declared that all Slaves were
therefore free—had they enlisted every loyaleolonred
persons and treated him as "a man and a brother"—..
had they proclaimed at the same time, that there
Mut be no private fighting, no assassination, but

that any negro who meant to fight must assume
the Federal uniform and join the Federal flag—had
they given these pledges of righteous feeling
towards the negro, and of humane feeling towards
the master, it can hardly be doubted that by this
time the Union would have been restored, the
negroes would have been working for wages,
enormous bloodshed and expenditure would have
been saved, Freedom would have fused all the
states into one real Federation, and after no long
time we should have had a vast republic--too big
perhaps for the comfort of the world—but one
which might have had all the elements of centuries
of rapid growth and prosperity.
We should not indeed have cared to demand any
very extreme measure of emancipation. Suppose
Congress had followed the example of Canada.
Perhaps many persons are not aware that the last ,
slave in Canada was liberated May 31, 1818. There
are many, no doubt, residing in the province who
were once slaves therein ; but may the child never
be born who will ever become one. But as probably
the idea of slavery in Canada is new to many of
this generation, we give some extracts from the
abolition act itself

" 33 of Geo. 111., chap. 7, passed May 31, 1793, being
the second session of the First Parliament, An Act to
Prevent the introduction of Slaves,
" Whereas, it is unjust that a people who enjoy freedom
by law, should encourage the introduction of slaves, and
whereas, it is highly expedient to abolish slavery in the
province, so far as the same may gradually be done with-
out violating private property : Be it enacted, &c., &c.,
that so much of a certain act, entitled An Act for encour-
aging new settlers in his Majesty's colonies and plan-
tations in America,' as may enable the Governor of the
Province to grant a license for importing into the same any
negro or negroes, shall be, and the same is hereby repealed;
and from and after the passing of this act, it shall not be
lawful for the Governor to grant a license for the importa-
tion of any negro, to be subjected to the condition of a
slave, or to a bounden involuntary service for life, into any
part of the province; nor shall any negro who shall come
or be brought into this Province after the passing of this
act, be subject to the condition of a slave," &c.
'• Nothing herein contained shall extend to liberate any
negro subject to such service as aforesaid, &c., who shall
have come into this province before the passing of this
act, . . . or shall have otherwise come into the posses-
sion of any person, by gift, bequest, or bona fide purchase.
" And, in order to prevent the continuation of slavery in
the Province, immediately after the passing of this act,
every child that shall be born of a negro mother, shall abide
and remain with the master or mistress in whose service
the mother shall be living at the time of such child's birth
(unless auch mother and child shall leave such service by
and with the counsel of such master or mistress), and shall
and may retain him or her in their service until every such
child shall have attained the age of 25 years, at which time
they and eaoh of them shall be entitled to demand his or
her discharge, and shall be discharged by such master or
mistress from any further service," &c.

Suppose now that Congress had sent its armies
South with such an act for their standard—what
could have resisted them ? The negroes would
have trusted the North, would have given
them all the information they needed, in-
stead of leaving them, as they now do, in utter
and fatal ignorance of Southern movements;
even if they had not fought, much they would
have aided the Northern arms, while the planters,
conscious of their false position, and unable to
disprove the facts of Northern conduct, would
have been afraid to leave their homes, not dreading
negro cruelty, but desertion of their labourers.
Northern hatred of the negro, Northern aversion
to summon him to fight for the Union and Free-
dom, Northern desire to deport him, rather than
to enlist his righteous aid, prevented all this.
The North will now, in all human probability,
miserably fail and fall. Its fate, but for the uncer-
tainties of war, seems, even now, to be sealed.
They bowed down to their MoLoCH, the
Union—instead of invoking the aid of righteous-
ness and Heaven—and Heaven has justly left the
triumph to the powers of the Southern Pande-
monium. The North richly deserves all. It will
fall without the regret of either the philanthro-
pist or the statesman.

A requisition to the LORD MAYOR of London is
now in course of signature, beseeching the chief
magistrate to grant the use of the Guildhall for a
Great Meeting expressive of sympathy for GARI-
BALDI in his imprisonment. Let that requisition
be rapidly, numerously, and influentially signed,
and the LORD MAYOR'S consent will be accorded
without a moment's hestitation. In effect it has
been promised beforehand. Naturally enough, how-
ever, the LORD MAYOR—particularly remembering
his conservative predilections—requires, before his
consent can be given that the preliminary formalities
should be gone through, and that at any rate the
request should be made. In anticipation of this
great gathering in the metropolis of the empire, it
is to be hoped that arrangements may be made
ensuring the attendance of men of eminence, likely
to take part con amore in such a demonstration
as the one proposed. It is a bad time of the year,
no doubt, at which to obtain any such attendance,
now that the majority of the members of both
Houses are scattered far and wide, not only to re-
mote parts of the United Kingdom, but hither and
thither also upon the European Continent. Yet,
notwithstanding this serious difficulty, we cannot
but feel satisfied that a judicious selection might
be made even now among the leading members,
especially members of the House of Commons,
who are in some moderate degree still acces-
sible; and who, if but asked to do so betimes, would
doubtless be Willing enough to hasten up by rail-
road from the provinces, to participate in these ex-
pressions of interest in the hopes of the Italians.
and of sympathy for the misfortunes of GARIBALDI.

Tidings have happily, it will be observed, already
come to hand by telegraph from Professor PAR-
TRlDGE—tidings which afford us at last some clearer
inkling of the physical condition of the sufferer.
These advices by telegram from Professor PAR-
TRIDGE, it will be seen, are under date as recently
as the day before yesterday afternoon : Spezzia.
140 p.m., 17th of September. It speaks to
GARIBALDI'S English sympathisers, of course, but
very laconically : the subjoined being the exact
words of this first important preliminary telegram
—" We have seen the General. Mr. PARTRIDGE
reports that the rifle-ball did not enter the wound,
bat struck and broke the inner ankle, laying open
the joint, which now, though painful on movement,
is free from inflammation, and is going on favour-
ably. General health tolerable." It is with mingled
feelings that we read this account; for while it is
satisfactory, no doubt, it is only partially satisfactory.
For
example, while it is Professor PARTRIDGE'S
opinion that there is no rifle-ball remaining in the
wound to be extracted—it is added, at the close of
the telegram, that the general health of the Patient
is only " tolerable:,

While such is the montentaryglimmeriag we obtain
of the state of things at'VaMU
rign__
° what is the con-
dition of things in Italy itself otherwise ? If we
are to believe the statements that are put forth very
confidently by reliable correspondents in the South
of the Roman Peninsula, CIALDINI and the rest of the
military auth. rities there in command,inthe Tr S
name, are acting rigour
with quite unnecessary
in putting down what remnants are still left of the
scattered bands of the Garibaldians. We all knuw,
with a painful certainty now as to the exactness of
the fact, that those deserters from the Royal army
'll4lO were taken among the armed bands of tb

Garibaldians, have been shot mercilessly in the
name and on behalf of " military discipline." The
statement was at first contradicted as erroneous,
but it has since then been, lamentable to relate,
only too clearly verified. Again, there has more
recently been issued a sort of contradiction of the
assertions made as to the shameful neglect of the
comfort of Gen. GARIBALDI, when first carried as
a wounded prisoner into the fortress of Varignano.
It should be remembered, however, that while the
semi-official contradiction of these assertions is as
vague as vague could be—the asertions are very ex-
plicit and very positive. Those assertions yet re-
main—each of them—undenied : about the bed, the
chairs, the bandages, and so forth. And recollect
—they were seen by an eye-witness, fresh from the
sick room of the wounded Hero ; and by an
eye-witness as credible and as well known as
General Bum—a Garibaldian, it is true, but an
outspoken opponent of that last mad enterprise,
which terminated at the close of last month so
disastrously at Aspromonte. Indirectly corrobora-
tive of these accounts of the neglect of GARIBALDI
is the complaint formally made within the last few
days by certain of his followers—appealing (we
trust it may prove not ineffectually) to the authori-
ties for a cessation of these needless cruelties and
ignominies. As a miserable, left-handed excuse, it is
now confidently asserted by the Esprit Public, that
—"After the defeat at Aspromonte, assassins disem-
barked on Italian soil, in order to attack the most
exalted personages." The paper adding—" In view
of such facts the Italian Ministry were compelled to
order a trial in order to prove with whom lay the
responsibility of the blood that has been shed."
Now, we hesitate not at once to proclaim our abso-
lute unbelief in the accuracy of this disgraceful and
infamous assertion. Who will not be ready, upon
the instant, to affirm, with an absolute confidence,
that GARIBALDI'S enterprise had nothing whatever
to do from first to last, sooner or later, with any cold-
blooded scheme, with the vaguest possible idea of
assassination ? Not a single date, not one soli-
tary name either of place or person, it is observab.e,
is put forth in connection with this atrocious accu-
sation. There is only the naked statement, unsup-
ported in any way. And referring to it as (in justice
to the Hero now lying wounded as a State Prisoner
at Varignano), we are constrained to do—we pass it
by with mingled sentiments of scorn and abhorence.
Very different is the argument advanced by the
RATTAZZI Cabinet in justification of its armed op-
position to GARIBALDI. Allusion being here made
of course, to the Circular Note addressed in the name
of that Government to the Italian representatives
abroad, the Ministerial circular written by General
DIIRANDO, under date the 10th of September.
" If," says this note towards its conclusion—" If
GARIBALDI has been resisted, it is solely because
it if convinced that the Government will attain its
end, and that the Catholic powers, France above
all, will recognise the danger of maintaining the
antagonism between the Papacy and Italy." And
again—" The present situation is no longer ten-
able, and would end by involving extreme conse-
quences, compromising the religious interests of
Catholicism and the tranquillity of Europe."
Even then it remains inexplicable how it was the Ita-
lien Government permitted, nay at first encouraged,
the movement of GARIBALDI, which it ultimately
put down by force of arms ! And—still more in-
explicable is it under the circumstances—that, be-
lieving itself to be so constrained to overthrow its
chief Benefactor, it should have done so With such
unnecessary brutality I wounding him seriously,
and quite needlessly at Aspromonte! harshly and
when there is no need for it whatever, still retain-
ing him a prisoner in the fortress of Varignano !

Mr. LAING has had his turn at last. To an as-
sembly in the MAYOR'S parlour at Manchester, as
large, no doubt, as the assemblies Sir CHARLES
WOOD addresses on Indian matters in the House of
Commons, the late Financial Minister for India, the
trusted and trusting co-operator with Mr. CANNING,
made his public statement. Mr. LAING has not
fully recovered his health, and was unequal to ad•
dressing a larger meeting, but if his bodily health
be feeble, his mental health, as his speech shows,
continues in undiminished vigour. Mr. LAING was
not disposed to protract his battle with Sir C. WooD
over the matter of the accounts. He not only
thought the mode of stating the accounts a trifling
question when the cash was any how in the
Treasury—the Indian cash balances being by
the last account larger than ever, having reached,
without any special cause, the enormous amount of
nineteen millions sterling—but he fully believed in
the goodness of Lord PALMERSTON'S advice,
" When a man hits you, try to give him as good as
he gives you, and go home and think no more about
it." If those may laugh who win—Mr. LAING un-
doubtedly has the laugh on his side, for poor Sir
CHARLES has only muddled his brains to prove that
Mr. LAING had not the money, when the result is
that he had it, and more too. The majority of Eng-
lish men of business will be rather disposed to turn
from all the worthybaronet's bookkeeping labyrinths,
and to accept Mr. LAING'S matter of fact reply—
" Well, gentlemen, if you want the money, it
waits your acceptance." And so the great one-aad-
tenpenny rupee difficulty of Sir. C. WooD is now
settled throughout the country.
Many will regret to see that Mr. LAING'S hopes
of cotton from India are very much moderated b
the later facts, combined with the incapacity of our
Indian Secretary and his Council. Lord SHAFTES-
BURY'S six millions of bales soon vanished, of course,
in the judgment of every one aware of the real
state of the case. One hundred and fifty millions
of people, all clad in cotton, grow, of necessity, an
immense quantity for their own use, and the casual
surplus of this was all that could be spared. He
thinks that the extra growth will probably be
the work of time ; then the state of the ryots and
the contract laws both necessitates advances of
money, and makes the advances unsafe, while the
inferiority of the cotton of a large part of India
will prevent its exportation. But the greatest
check of all is the uncertainty of the duration of
the American war. Mr. LAING is a believer in its
early cessation, and expects then an immense supply,
which must be sold at any price; but early or late,
men of capital will not embark it in Indian cotton
schemes, when a sudden fall in the price may cause
them to be large losers. He once hoped that
" America's trial would be India's opportunity ;"
but he now leans to the belief that if cotton settled
down to a normal price of fivepence or sixpenee a
pound, there would be eventually a large quantity
furnished from India.
Mr. LAING'S general picture of the advancing
and is
prosperity of India may be received with consider-
able confidence, highly gratifying. Wages
and the value of produce have everywhere risen
20 or 30 per cent. In some parts they have doubled.
" The were better fed, better
people everywhere
clothed, and were getting out of debt to the native
usurers, and roads and water courses were improv-
ing." The demand for exports during the Russian
agreatdeal
connectedof money into the 1
with the mutiny
country
had brought
even the outlay
had brought, perhaps, 50 millions of English capital
into India, and the value of land had greatly aug-
mented. Of this last the Government had not 1
availed itself, and land which formerly paid a rack- I
rent to the Government now yielded a good estate,

besides the former rent. The labourer, Mr. LAING
says, gets the lion's share of it, which proves be-
yond doubt that India is not, according to the old
notion, over peopled.
A considerable part of Mr. LAING's speech is
devoted to the important question, whether Mr.
Secretary WOOD or Lord CANNING could govern
India best—or, rather in the mere general form,
whether India, except in the largest and most
important matters, should be governed in Eng-
land. Mr. LAING'S view, that a competent gover-
nor, responsible to the Indian public, and not a
routine Whig or Tory official aided by an old-
fashioned Indian Council, is the best, our readers
are aware, is the opinion we have also long held.
It must come to this. Mr. LAING gives some fright-
ful instances of the effect, in India, of the meddle-
some and fussy incompetence of our Indian
Secretary. But we must defer, for the present, the
consideration of so important a subject.

Cabby threatens to take the law into his own
hands. Though how he can hope to carry out his
intentions in the manner in which he proposes, it is
rather difficult to imagine. The Act of Parliament
that, but a very few sessions back, regulated the
fares, according to their still existing rate of regu-
lation, is plain enough in itself: not a doubt of it.
But, while it is so, it is not always satisfactory
either to the hirers or to the drivers of these public
conveyances. Bickerings are continually taking
place : magistrates are perpetually being re-
ferred to. The vexation of all this was in
fact so obvious and so intolerable that there is a
pretty general readiness evidenced to bring about
if possible, and this not later than next session, a
thorough revision of the existing Cab Act. Gene-
rally this readiness i 3 among the public, among the
hirers; but—among the cabbies themselves—the
wish is of course to have things all their own way.
They gave us a few years back, it will be remem-
bered, a taste of all the " disagreeables" incident to a
Cab Strike ! They now seem to meditate some-
thing very like a coup d'etat in Ca bland ! No metal
badges—they want, for one thing. Cabby has a
soul, if not above buttons, at any rate above badges.
He wants a certificate instead. And yet, at the
meeting of Cabdrivers, which took place late on
Wednesday night—the proceedings (quite in the
Parliamentary style, this !) closing at two o'clock yes
terday morning—the assembled cabmen indignantly
rejected a resolution that was proposed, to the effect
that no licences should be granted to " returned con-
victs,' or to persons who had been convicted crimi-
nals ! The one great wish apparently cherished
by the cab fraternity is to render the minimum fare
a shilling! The Legislature says sixpence—but
the cabmen stand out, upon the principle of double
or quits, for the good round shilling, for what one
of our old forgotten poets sang the glories of as—

" The Splendid Shilling."
Even when it was proposed at Wednesday's meet-
ing that, during certain hours (that were specified)
9d. should be the fare for the first hiring—this split-
ting of the difference was rejected as a notion
altogether inadmissible. Cabby, however, if he
hopes for any good, must submit to something in the
shape of a compromise.

LAT Es r NEWS.

BRUSSELS, SEPT. 19, Morning.

The Count of Paris and the Duke of Chartres
arrived here on Wednesday evening, after having
travelled through part of Belgium.
They were received at the Palace, and paid a visit
yesterday to the King at Lacken, where a dejeuner
was prepared. They left here yesterday.

AMERICA.

SOUTHAMPTON, SEPT. 19.

The Hamburg and American Company's steamer
Teutonia, from New York on the 6th inst., arrived
off the Needles at 8.55 a.m.

NEW YORK, SEPT. 9.
(Per Teutonia, via Cape Race and Southampton.)

The news of the crossing of the Potomac and the
occupation of Frederick by General Stonewall
Jackson, with 50,000 Confederate troops, is con-

firmed.

THE BOMBAY MAIL.
MARSEILLES, SEPT. 19.
The Valetta, with the above mail, arrived this

day, at 8 a.m.
The mail leaves for London at 11.30 a.m.

BERLIN, SEPT. 18.

In the sitting of the Committee on the Military
Budget to-day the Minister of War said that in
adopting the amendment proposed by Herr von
Vincke the Government had made a concession,
which he hoped the committee would recognize as
a basis for bringing about a reconciliation between
the Chamber and the Government. Such a result
would be joyfully hailed by the Government and
the country, as averting a deplorable complication.

The Minister further said that the discussion of
the Budget of 1862 was independent of that on the
Budget of 1863. The Government, for technical
military rea.,ons, could not give its adhesion to
Herr Stavenhagen's amendment as applied to the
Budget of 1863, and would consider itself guilty of
a violation of duty in consenting to it on account
of the present state of peace.
The Committee was of opinion that the explana-
tions of the Minister of War only concerned tech
nical military objections to the introduction of the
system of two years' service iu the army, and that
nothing had been said about a legal settlement of
the question.
All the members expressed their dissatisfaction
with the Ministerial declarations, and Herr von
Tweston declared that further discussion would be
fruitless.

The Minister of War finally said that the Go-
vernment would be mindful of its promise to bring
about a legal settlement of the question.
On the motion of Herr Hoverback, the com-
mittee unanimously declared that the declarations
made yesterday and to-day by the Government
were not calculated to bring the debate on the Bud
get to an end,

BERNE, SEPT. 18.

The following is a summary of the circular note,
dated Sept. 10, addressed by Gen. Durand° to the
Italian representatives abroad. ' After recapitulat-
ing the history of the Garibaldian enterprise, the
note continues :

" The facts will leave none but a painful recollec-
tion. That union was not disturbed affords a proof
of the political maturity of the Italian populations,
their attachment to the Constitutional Monarchy,
and the discipline of the army.
" Nevertheless, the watchword of the Volunteers
was truly the expression of the imperious necessi-
ties of the nation which cla'ms its capital,
"If Garibaldi has been resisted, it is solely be-
cause it is convinced that the Government will
attain its end, and that the Catholic Powers, France
above all, will recognise the danger of maintaining
the antagonism between the Papacy and Italy.
" The present situation is no longer tenable, and
would end by involving extreme consequences, com-
promising the religious interests of Catholicism
and the tranquillity of Europe."