The Sun.
London, England, 1862-10-13 00:00:00

While the American Republic is being effectually
disintegrated—the Confederation established, not
yet a century ago (to all appearance permanently)
by WASHINGTON, FRANKLIN, and JEFFERSON,
already breaking up into two, or it may be even-
tually into three,lndependent Democracies—several
among the old powers of Europe are, on the con-
trary, at this very epoch in the History of the
World, consolidating visibly, several of them even
rapidly, into simpler and more important Nation-
alities. Among these Italy stands forth at this
moment, of course, conspicuously. There, the guid-
ing principle—literally the " rallying" cry—is
avowedly Unification. Now a kingdom, now a
principality, now a province, disappears altogether
from the Map of Europe. They are heard of
no more in their separate capacities. In that
respect their annals are altogether of the past.
It has been thus with Naples, with Tuscany, with
Lombardy, with all the minor principalities. They
are lost sight of, as powers apart from each other.
they run together like separate beads of quick-
silver, brought suddenly into contact, and thence-
forth become massed together in One. They become
1 parts of a whole no longer to be divided and sub-
divided. It is not so much that Piedmont and
Lombardy and Tuscany, and Modena, and Parma,
and the Two Sicilies, are bound together around that
sceptre of Savoy—or rather, because of certain un-
toward recollections associated with the name of
Savoy, about the sceptre of Sardinia, (a peaceful
symbol no longer but a keen-edged and formidable
battle axe)—for all the world like the rods of em-
pire about the Lictor's hatchet constituting the
powerful Fasces of ancient Rome ! It is not so much,
we say, that events have developed of late after this
fashion, as that Piedmont, Lombardy, Tuscany,
Naples, and the rest, have become lost, and merged,
and fused together, in the furnace of the War of
pidependence, until they are no longer known
apart but together as the Kingdom of Italy !
What has been occurring thus rapidly, and con-
spicuously, and altogether undeniably, in regard to
the unification of the Italian Kingdoms and Princi-
palities, is simultaneously taking place, more slowly
but not less surely, elsewhere among certain other
groups of the Powers of Christendom Few, even
among the more captious and incredulous, will be
disposed, we believe, seriously to deny this. It is
a matter of notoriety that it is as we are stating,
that it has for a long while past been as we are
stating—thus—in reference to the consolidation
here of a Teutonic, there of an Iberian, yonder of a
Scandinavian Empire. France and England are, all
this while, watching with silent but eager interest
the growth of these great movements, Russia is
doing the like afar off. Austria is painfully conscious
meantime that she herself is likely to prove one of
the principal Victims rather than one of even the
the
minor Victors in this readjustment of nationali-
ties. Already the KAISER has, within rather dis-
tressful, certainly within very vivid, remembrance,
how abruptly, in the southern part of his
dominions the fairest province of his empire
was lopped off in the instance of Lom-
bardy. He knows for certain that his grasp upon ,
Venetia is no longer one of security—but rather
one of absolute desperation. There, south of the
Carpathians, north of the Adriatic—.

" The good old rule the simple plan,"
is again revived in all its barbarous force, viz,, as
even our Arcadian WORDSWORTH sings—.

" That he shall take who hath the power,
And he shall keep who can I"
Austria, still maintaining her costly and enor-
mons garrisons in the Quadrilateral—Italy only
watches keenly and vigilantly for the first oppor-
tunity to rush in and tear from the clutch of the
German, both the Quadrilateral and Venetia.
France, all the while, as we havesaid, is observant
of these occurrences—as England is—as
Russia is,
for that matter, from a distance ! But France,
"wisely in her generation," or foolishly, as it may
prove in the end (who shall say P)—looks on, as the
wheel turns, as the ball rolls, not altogether disin-
terestedly. The Italian Unification, so far as it has
yet succeeded, has already yielded her Savoy and
Nice It completion, she yet hopes in her secret
heart, may leave her in possession of the magnifi-
cent island of Sardinia, the second of the larger
itslands in the Mediterranean. " Material guaran-
ees" these—Savoy and Nice, we venture to repeat,
being already actually secured as such, substantially,
within her possession—"
material guarantees" that in
the new Balance of Power in process of adjustment,
France (as effectually as NAPOLEON 111. can ensure
such a result by his policy), shall retain all her old
preponderance in the councils of continental Europe. I
Cherishing the same aspiration,
she looks that is
France), he looks (that is INTAPOIAON), for a solid
advantage to be won to Gallic power in the event—
or rather we may say pretty confidently (for the
event is, sooner or later, inevitable) at the date

THE SUN, LONDO

of the realisation by the Teutonic people of the
long-pondered day-dream of German Unification,
There France looke—and even England will be
disposed to say not quite unreasonably—for the ac-
quisition of the Rhenish Provinces. The game is
afoot, however, not alone in Italy and in Germany—
wherePrussia occupies the advanced position assumed
so very successfully in Italy by Piedmont—but far to
the north and far to the south, among the Iberians
and among the Scandinavians. Unification there,
also, in each of those directions, is the "rallying" cry,
the one potent watchword. And before the shaken
Balance of Power in Europe can be again and
securely adjusted—we may rest assured that it is
in each instance a watchword that will be answered
decisively enough, and in accordance with the spirit
of the age that is witnessing the revival and rehabi-
tation of the Great Italian and the Great Germanic
Nationalities, The Northern ambition is, as is
well known, the blending together, in one powerful
Scandinavian Empire, of Sweden and Norway and
Denmark, under one name and under one Govern-
ment. The Southern ambition is the blending
into a single Power of the twin Kingdoms of
Spain and Portugal, the substitution of the two
sovereignties there (that of the Bourbon and that
of the Braganza) of one sovereignty alone, placing
the sceptre thenceforth in the hand of a constitu-
tional monarch whose rule should extend over
the whole Iberian peninsula. Towards the
realisation of all these day-dreams, events are at
this moment steadily and surely tending. The
cause of Unification prospers visibly in Italy,
and appreciably in Germany : but it prospers
morally also both among the Iberians and among
the Scandinavians. In each of these latter in-
stances the cause referred to will doubtless
be materially aided in its prosperous deve-
lopment, by two rather significant and im-
portant marriage alliances. The alliance already
accomplished between the dynasties of Italy and
Portugal ! And that other alliance, arranged to
take place not later than next year, between the
reigning houses of England and of Denmark !
While the interests of the Solidarity of Nations may
be recognised-as prospering, thus, effectually, who
will not hope and pray, what lover of humanity,
what champion of liberty will not trust devoutly
and earnestly from his heart, that Poland may at
length discover the dawn of her ancient indepen-
dence, in the awakening energies of a Sclavonio
Nationality, of a Sclavonic Unification ?

Like the " Fathers " at Birkenhead, after the
mischief is done, out comes Cardinal WISEMAN and
cries to the POPE'S bludgeon men, " There, there,
my lambs of the Vicar of CHRIST'S flock, be quiet
now; show how gentle, meek, and forgiving you
are." After three Sundays of shillelagh work are
over, after English workmen have been prevented
from freely and peacefully honouring a foreign
hero, for honouring whom we must all honour them
—after the holy bludgeons have done their business,
and we are all forbidden to open our mouths be-
cause it grieves the POPE'S Irish roughs—then, and
not till then, the Arch Pharisee sends to all the
papers a proclamation to show how good he and his
are. Had the same thing been done prior to the
first Sunday's papal bludgeon work in order to pre-
vent it—or, if we must suppose that such work was
not anticipated, had the WISEMAN proclamation
appiared the next Sunday—we should have gladly
acknowledged its pacific and Christian character.
The time of its appearance converts it into a
mockery. The Cardinal and his " roughs" have got
all they want ; they have induced the authorities—
how wisely we will not again discuss—to surrender
the liberty of the working men of London to their
violence, and now they hold forth at length on the
virtues of meekness, gentleness, and forgiveness."

Admirable are some of the lessons which the
Cardinal now reads to his beloved flock, for they
are founded on the example of our LORD himself.
His examp!e, however, occupies but a small space
compared with that of the "Dear Pontiff" himself,
" the Vicar of CHRIST on earth," and therefore so
much nearer them. Whose—the Vicar's—cause is
" the cause of justice, of truth, of virtue, of religion,
of GOD himself." Hence, and if the premises are
are sound, the conclusion must be so—" bludgeons,
and blows, and tumult are not the means by which
such a cause is to be enforced, or even defended."
It would " afflict our sovereign Pontiff's tender
heart to hear of his cherished Irish children sup-
porting his sacred cause by such violence." Italians
will be apt to think that the Pontiff, whose heart
exulted in the bloody butcheries at Perugia, and
who protects brigands to murder, burn, and destroy
in the South, and whose meekness boils over in
anathemas, against all Catholics who think the
" Vicar" ought to imitate his professed chief in
regard to temporal kingdoms, is not exactly a
model on earth of his Heavenly Master's unworld-
liness and meekness.

Italians also will differ from the Cardinal respect-
ing the " cause "of the Pontiff. They think it the
cause of " injustice, of falsehood, of vice, of Satan
himself," and very naturally, the latter being the
personage who offered CHRIST all the Kingdoms
of this world, kingdoms which, from that time
till he stood before PILATE, he persisted in reject-
ing. Indeed Cardinal WISEMAN ought to know
that the Italians, who must know much more than
he does about the matter, consider the POPE to be
such a temporal tyrant, and his cause—that of tem-
poral rule we mean—to be so utterly bad, that
nothing but French bayonets compel them to en-
dure it. The English nation, in fact, does but take
the part of Italian Catholics against Irish Catholics
—of the Catholics who feel the Papal scourge,
against those who only look on and laugh at it—of
emancipation for the Romans, against those who, '
as Cardinal WISEMAN himself owns, have gained
political emancipation for themselves, but now re-
fuse it to their fellow Catholics at Rome. Happily
the skies were police sufficient yesterday, otherwise
there appears to have been some who took the Car-
dinal's proclamation in the same sense as we have
known a set of rogues to do when pointed to another
rogue, with the emphatic exclamation—" Now,
don't pump on him."

The landlords are beginning to learn that
their Night Poaching
through the House at theß ei lnl ,
d of forceda session,
so
deoceesnnt loyt
quite commend itself to the minds of their tenant
farmers. They have heard of it in several ways
and places already, but the crack game county,
Norfolk, and in the very centre of a district of game
preservers, has just given them a pretty little
lesson. It was at the North Walsh am 1 am Agricul-
a s
tural Association where this unheard of outbreak of
tenant-farmer independence took place. CHARLES
franklyihdadtha tthere
er saide ought at this
: —"
Admiral
Bwuox:
E0:0,
tErs sEq
had ,
meeting to be some discussion on agricultural sub-
jects. He thought so too, and that they ought also
to discuss freely any question in which as farmers
they were interested. Why should not they, for
instance, take up the question of leases, and even
the question of the preservation of game. He
was sure that as a small landlord and as a game
Preserver, nothing would give him greater pleasure
than speak his
to hear any tenant of his get up and
feelings
and opinions plainly, for he thought there
was generally too much reticence upon such matters,
and that it would be better for all parties if those