The Sun.
London, England, 1862-11-26 00:00:00

'am SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 26, 1862.

PUBLICATIONS.

MISS BREMER'S NEW' WORIt.
Now ready at all the Libraries, in 2 vols., 215.,

IREECE AND 'FUR GREEKS ; being the
Narrative of a 'linter Residence and Summer travel
in Greece and its Islands. By FREDRICKA BREMER.
Ti-anedated by MARY LlowiTr.
Burst and Blackett, 13, Great btatlborOttgh-street.

Second Editions NoW Ready, Cbtnplete in 3 vols., 31sIed.,

T ,ES MISERABLES. By VICTOR Hugo.
Authorised English Translation.
'/L'a

" We can conscientiously recommend Mr. Wraxall's trans-
lation of this celebrated novel to the Üblic as a perfectly
faithful version, retaining all the spirit and point of the
original. In its present form 'Les Miserables' stands a very
fair chance of having as wide a sale as the French edition."
—.Examiner.

Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

FRAsyms MAGAZ]
28.

FOR DECEMBER,

CONT.

The Readion in Naples.
A First Friendship. A Tale.
Chapters XVI. and XIX.
December's Jewels. By As tley
H. Baldwin.
Present . Position of the

Essays on Political Economy.
—Being a Sequel to Papers
which appeared in the
"Cornhill Magazine." By
John Ruskin.
To Work Again. By A. K.
H. B.
Adrian.—A Tale. Chapters
XVIII. to XX.
Female Charity— Lay and
Mohastic. By Frances
Power Cobbe.
" Sippurim."

Church of England.
Lawrence Bloomfield in Ire-
land. Part IL—Neighbour..
ing Landlords.
Laurel and Cypress. A
Chapter in the. History Of
Australian Exploration.
Atitumn Days. By Shirley.
London: Parker, Son, ani

Bourn, Wog Strand, W.C.

POLAND.

( lin the .E'dinburgA Courant.)
The Emperor Alexander, surnamed by his sub-
jects " the well-intentioned," most certainly de-
serves that epithet. He wishes to give land and
liberty to the Russian serfs without diminishing the
revenues of the Russian proprietors, and to make
Poland happy and contented without conceding the
least political freedom to the Poles. His intentions
are good enough, only it is impossible to carry them
out. In a few months the peasants will find that
they have not enough land, the proprietors that too
much land has been taken from them; while the
Poles will still complain as they do now, that under a

sovereign who has raised their hopes they are as
Unfairly treated as they were by Nicholas, from
whom they knew they had nothing to expect but
insult and persecution. Nicholas was to be moved
by no suffering. It mattered not to him that the
Russian proprietors had serfs, so long as they al-
lowed themselves to be governed like slaves. As
for the Poles, he told them in so many words, four
years after the suppression of the insurrection of
1830-31, that they might remain quiet if they
pleased, but that upon the slightest movement in
Warsaw, Marshal Paskievitch had orders to retire
to the citadel and bombard it. " I will reduce the
city to ashes," said the paternal Monarch," and you
certainly will not catch me building it up again."
No such speech as this could have escaped the
lips of Alexander 11,, no such thoughts have been
harboured by him. He is certainly not a man of
cruel or even severe disposition. He had reigned
eight years before he sent a single person to Siberia
for a political offence. The first " political martyr,"
as the Russian communists say, of the present reign
—the first political felon, as we prefer to call a man
who seeks to excite millions of ignorant peasants to
rapine and murder—was a certain Mr. Mikhailoff,
convicted last year of printing and circulating an
absurb, immoral, and bloodthirsty sheet, and whose
sentence as pronounced by the Senate was com-
muted by the Emperor from 12 years to 6 years'
exile. It is said to have pained his Majesty very
much to send this foolish and bad man to Siberia,
and when a number of suspiciously benevolent per-
sons took upon themselves to raise a subscription
for the banished demagogue and Communist (who,
of course, had no money), the Emperor Alexander
took all the sting out of this indirect attack made
upon himself by desiring the Governor-General of
St. Petersburg to give Mikhailoff 1,000 roubles out
of the imperial funds. Alexander 11. would be very
glad if there were no Mikhailoffs to send to Siberia.
lie would be delighted, too, if the Poles would ac-
cept their position as political slaves, and not tempt
him to take severe measures of repression against
them. He is by nature kindly disposed, but he is un-
decided, wanting in energy, and frequently unjust,
simply because he has inherited an unjust policy,
and has not strength of mind to change it.

The good and bad qualities of the Emperor
Alexander have lately been shown in a remarkable
manner in connection with Polish affairs. He has
ordered Count Andrew Zamoyski to travel in the
West of Europe, whEn Nicholas—though the Count
cannot be charged with any kind of offence—would
doubtless have sent him to Siberia; and, on the
other hand, he has rejected a conditional offer of
support made to him by 300 of the principal men in

Poland, which, if accepted, might have terminated
the now seemingly interminable feud between Rus-
sians and Poles. The conditions stipulated for by
the Poles were not immoderate; and they were
quite in accordance with the spirit of the treaty of
Vienna, which requires Russia, as well as Austria
and Prussia, to grant " representative and national
institutions" to all her Polish subjects. The Poles
would gain immensely, no doubt, by the change
proposed ; but all that Russia would lose would be
the barbarous satisfaction—if satisfaction it can be
—of persecuting an ancient enemy who now wishes
to become a friend, and as a proof of sincerity, is
quite willing to remain unarmed.
It is not a hopeful sign that, for allowing the

address of the Polish nobility to be signed at his
house (it was never presented at all) Count Za-
moyski was ordered to be arrested and sent to St.
Petersburg, and thence dismissed to the west of
Europe with an injunction not to re-enter Poland
until further notice. To understand fully the in-
justice of this punishment, it must be known that
the Grand Duke had previously asked Count
Zamoyski personally to tell him why he and all
the principal men of the kingdom refused their
support to the Government. The Count having
replied that a few reforms based on no recog-
nised principle would not suffice to gain the con-
fidence of the Poles, but that if the Emperor
would unite all his Polish provinces into one
constitutional kingdom they would give him
every aid, his Imperial Highness inquired
whether this was the feeling of the Poles in general.
The Count answered that he naturally spoke for
himself alone; and he appears to have understood
the Grand Duke's question as an invitation to obtain
an expression of opinion from the Polish nobility as
a body. It was the common talk of Warsaw that
day that the Polish nobility had been invited to pre-
sent an address to the Lieutenant of the Kingdom ;
and the news was transmitted by telegraph and
appeared
the
Britain.da y
iw after
, ino allda
days the
ro principalo
more,
e,and Count
Zamoyski
o f Great
Zamoyski was on his way to St. Petersburg under
escort.

Count Zamoyski, if he has done no other good for
his country by this his latest endeavour, has at least
explained to every one under what circumstances
the moderate and influential party in Poland will
abstain from taking part in the Government of their
country, and under what circumstances they will
assist it by every means in their power.
As regards Count Andrew Zamoyski personall?
(who, by the way, has not only a Scotch Christian
name, but has also received a Scotch education,
having, as a young man, attended lectures for three
years at the University of Edinburgh), we may now
mention that the Countess Zamoyski was ill beyond
all hope of recovery when her husband was sent into
exile, and that no attention was paid to his entrea-
ties to be allowed to pass through Warsaw on his
way to the West of Europe, though it was certain
that he would never again have an opportunity of
seeing his wife alive. For thirty years the Count
bad kept quite aloof from the Russian Government
and had occupied himself exclusively with the de.
velopment of the agricultural and industrial re-
sources Misled by the seeming
candour
Grand Duke, he, in an unhappy
m n tf
became h
impressed with the idea that the
moe oof the
te kingdom.

time had at length arrived for him to come forward
with a formal request and a formal promise on
behalf of his unhappy country. It is a sad thing
that he should now have to repent that for an hour
he reposed confidence in the representative of
the Russian Crown, It is only now that the full
effect of the unwise, unjust, and cruel punishment
inflicted on Count Zamoyski will be felt, and felt it
will be throughout the length and breadth of Poland.
It is remarkable how, in the absence of a represen-
tative system and of all public life, the head of the
Zamoyski mily has become recognised everywhere
no sys f
as the spokesman of his country. There is
not be
I
suffrage under which this choice would
rmed, and we may be sure that the in-
jury w hhe has reeeived at the hands of the Rus-
sian mperor will be resented wherever the Pulish
i
language is spoken.

among persons of 60 and upwards. The chief causes
of death were as follows :—Phthisis 7, pneumonia
3, bronchitis 16, mesenteric disease 3, scarlet fever
4, continued fever 2, measles 2, and diarrhoea 3;
making together 19 deaths from inflammatory dis-
eases of the lungs, 10 from tubercular diseases, at.d
11 from diseases of the zymotic class. The most
important of these deaths are inflammatory affec-
tions of the lungs, and these have advanced during
the last three weeks from 4in the week to 19. The
cause of this increase in the mortality is the cold
weather.

Only 56 deaths were registered during the week.

711 E SMITHFIELD CLUB CA2TLE SHOW.

As the time approaches for the opening of the I
Christmas show the interior of the Agricultural Hall
is beginning to present a very busy and animated
scene, owing to the numerous arrivals of machinery
and implements of husbandry, The whole of the
avvilable space of the galleries has been let and '
mapped out, and to show how numerous the appli,
cations have been it is only necessary to say that
the galleries could have been let twice over. The
arrangements are under the superintendence of Mr.
B. T. B. Gibbs, the secretary to the Smithfield Club,
and Mr. Sidney, the secretary of the Agricultural
Hall Company. The pens are almost ready for the
reception of the stock, which will begin to arrive
on the 3d of December and following days. The
removal of the show from Baker-street will, it
is expected, benefit all concerned in this annual ex-
hibition, as, from the increased sum (Xl,OOO instead
of £7OO paid by the proprietor of the Baker-street
premises) given by the Agricultural Hall Company,
the value of the prizes has been much increased.
There are 29 classes for cattle, the money prizes for
which will be distributed as follows .—Devons,
£220; Herefords, £220; shorthorns, £220; Sussex,
£95; Norfolk or Suffolk pulled breeds, £5O; long-
woolled, £3O ; Scotch horned, £46 ; Scotch polled,
£65 ; Irish breeds, £3O ; Welsh ditto, £45 ; crossed
or mixed breeds, £ll5 ;—total value, £1,155. In
addition to the above money prizes, a silver medal
will be given in each class to the breeders of the
best animals, making a total of 29 medals. The sheep
are divided into 17 classes, and the-money prizes
are thus allotted :—Leicester, £BO ; Cotswolds,
£4O; Lincolns, £4O ; Kentish or Romney Marsh or
other long-woolled breeds, £3O; South Downs, £lOO ;
Hampshire or Welsh Downs, £4O ; Shropshire
breeds, £4O ; other short-woolled breeds, £35 ; Ox-
fordshire, £3O; mountain, £5O; cross breeds, £5O;
making in all a total sum of £535. 17 silver medals
will also be awarded to the breeders of the best pens
of sheep. The pigs have four classes, and a sum of
£l4O will be awarded in money prizes. Four sil-
ver medals will also be given, one to the breeder of
the best pen in each class. The additional prizes
consist of two silver cups, each of the value of £4O,
for the best steer or ox, heifer or cow, and three sil-
ver cups, of the value of £2O respectively, for the
three best pens among the various descriptions of
sheep ; a gold medal for the best pen of pigs, and 10
silver medals and two money prizes, of £5 each, to
be distributed among the extra stock. A silver
medal will also be presented as usual, to the butcher
who shall lay out the largest sum of money in pur-
chasing animals at the show. The aggregate value
of the whole of the prizes will consequently this
year amount to about £2,000. •