The Sun.
London, England, 1865-06-19 00:00:00

parties are equally innocent and equally guilty,
neither really opposing any reasonable measures,
and neither venturing often to take the initiative.
It was, however, the Liberals who carried the in-

troduction of competitive examinations into the

Civil Service, and so threw the bureaus finally open
to the middle class, and the greatest reform in

departmental management which we have recently
seen—the reduction of dockyard accounts to a
system, under which a Government yard may gain
credit for the cheapness as well as the construc-
tion of its ships—is due to Mr. Stansfeld, whom
the Tories expelled because he happened to number
an Italian Red among his friends. Why, then, if
the things which Mr. Smith professes to want, and
wt doubt not really does want, are good, are we to
seek for them in the men who will support Lord
Derby? Because they will also resist the extension
of the franchise ? That is a good answer for a Tory,
but it is a very bad one for a Liberal, and that is
the point at which we wish to arrive. Mr. Smith's
speech is by far the most moderate one yet made on
the Conservative side, yet when all is told his creed
is simply Liberalism minus a willingness to include
working men in the Constitution and minus also,
we imagine, though he says nothing about it, any
willingness to innovate on ecclesiastical discipline.
Those, then, are the dividing lines which separate
the reasonable Liberal from the moderate Tory, and
the Liberal elector who is inclined to vote for a can-

didate because he professes social objects like his
own, must remember that he thereby helps to post-
pone the enfranchisement he regards as wise, and
the religious freedom which he believes to be just.

THE " EXAMINER" ON AUSTRIA STILL BEING
PROTECTIONIST.—After all the puffing of Austrian
progress we have lately had in Parliament and else-
where, the policy of the Apostolic Empire continues
to be in the main what it ever was—inveterate

against freedom and invincibly ignorant. The tid-
ings of the week from Vienna contain two facts
which, in themselves, are an epitome of Hapsburg
rule. An unhappy Polish gentleman, for many
years a distinguished advocate at Warsaw, having
been, like almost every man of honour in his coun-
try, compromised in the late revolt, made his way
to England, and after residing here in safety for
some time, ventured recently to visit Vienna
for the purpose of arranging some family affairs.
He was claimed while there as a rebel by the
Russian Ambassador ; seized and sent back to
Poland ; tried, and, of course, convicted there ; and
he is now on his way to Siberia for life. This

is a specimen of the advanced...spirit of justice, cle-
mency, and honour whereof we have been told such
flattering tales. Now, as to the progress in fiscal

and financial wisdom.

An international commission

was constituted some three months since, having for
its professed object the conclusion of a treaty like
that made .by Mr. Cobden between England and
France. We had indeed little left to concede ; but
we were willing to do all that in us lay to increase
the interchange of products raw and manufactured,
and it was thought worth while by the Austrian
Government to amuse ours by offering to receive in
conference the Vice-President of the Board of

Trade and three other gentlemen as commissioners,
to confer with an equal number of Viennese officials
on the subject. Mr. Hutt, accompanied by Mr. S.
Beaumont, Mr. Lewis Mallet, and Mr. Morier, have
spent many weeks in the Austrian capital, but they
are now about to return re infecta, being unable to
make the slightest way with their impracticable and
impenetrable associates. Herr Kalischberg, a politi-
cian of the Hardwicke or Newdegate stamp, holds

the office of Minister of Commerce ; and bringing
with him to the conference certain spirits as wilful

General Peel, when called upon for another rush up
hill, declined absolutely to make it. He may have
felt that he could not win, and that it was of no use

punishing himself by trying ; but one cannot help
wishing, for Lord Glasgow's sake, that the courage
of his splendid horse were not so largely qualified
with discretion. When Tim Whiffler was running off

his dead heat with Buckstone for the Ascot Cup,

two years ago, he came up that same hill, under
nearly the same weight, a beaten horse, but he
struggled gamely to the post. It is hard upon Lord
Glasgow that his horse should have beaten, in the
Derby, Scottish Chief, who won the Ascot Cup,
but that he could not win the Cup himself. How-
ever, there is no help for it. Fate has decreed, or
the horse's nature causes, that General Peel shall
run second in his great races. The beautiful Ely
may now also be called victorious. After a long and
hard career of alternate triumph and defeat, he has
gained for himself the name of the best four-year-
.

Old in training.
" THE LONDON REVIEW" ON THE TURKISH BATH.
—The German who is alleged to have " evolved
the idea of camel out of his self-consciousness"
had almost as correct an idea of that animal as

most people have of the nature and effects of the
Turkish bath. Some persons will not hesitate to ex-

press an opinion as io what its effects must be,
though they have never been in one ; and very many
who have given the bath only one trial, and have
even then resorted to a spurious imitation, are

equally confident as to the perilous character of this
mode of bathing. It is generally supposed, for in-
stance, that the quick transition from great heat to
excessive cold must be very dangerous ; yet, if any-
thing has been clearly proved by the repeated expe-
riments of thousands of bathers, it is that the sud-
den shock of cold water in the form of a douche or

plunge-bath, after the bather has been in a tempe-
rature of from 120 deg. to 170 deg., and is flowing
with perspiration, is attended with no danger of
catching cold, and that, in fact, the body is better
prepared to resist the cold when heated. If the
bather do not remain in the cold water too long, re-

action takes place all the more readily on account of
the body having been previously heated ; and the
only effect is improved circulation of the blood,- in-
creased vigour, general good health, and, if the bath
be taken habitually,l much less susceptibility to catch
cold. Strange as this may appear to some, it is fully
borne out by the well-known fact that in Russia
the peasants, by filling a room with vapour, raise
the temperature to a very high degree,then undress,
and, when streaming with perspiration, open the
window or door, and throw themselves into the
snow outside, which is. several feet deep. The
shock, experienced has proved, is beneficial to health,
and is never attended with evil consequences.