The Sun.
London, England, 1865-01-17 00:00:00

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THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, -JANUARY 17, 1865.

T AL P AL ACE.-
POIORIOW—COMBINED ATTRACTIONS.—The
W IZARD of the and ANDERSON in their
WORLD of MA.GICNORTH and SECONDMiss SIGHT, including—
::—
The Aqua,-avial Paradox—The Bonnet from the Clouds—
Homological Evaporation—Les Byres des re_ueils choisis—
chapeau Cuisinerie—New Bottle of Bacchus -Miraculous
Laundry—Second Sight—Anderson's Great Experiment, dm.
Commence at Halt-past Two o'clock.
Admission, One Shilling ; Reserved Seats, numbered, One
Shilling extra.

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA,

note of hand, bill of exchange, or otherwise to pay

for the remainder, such part only as has been fully

(From the Times' Correspondent.)
NEW YORK, Jan. 3.
The great Wilmington expedition is at an end,
both as regards the military and naval forces, Gen.
Butler is back again at the Dutch Gap Canal, con-
fident that he was right in not attempting to carry
Fort Fisher by assault, though General Grant is of
the contrary opinion. Admiral Porter is at Beau-
fort awaiting orders, amusing himself till they come
in venting adverse criticism upon the conduct of his
over-prudent coadjutor. The joint expedition has,
it appears, cost the Federal Government the large
sum of $30,900,000, from its conception four
months ago to its close, or, at the present deprecia-
tion of greenbacks, nearly 3,000,0001. sterling. Its
achievements have been nil, unless it be an achieve-
ment to show that a large explosion of gunpowder
may produce a very small effect, and that a fort
constructed by such an engineer as Beauregard,
aided by nature and position, may successfully defy
a much greater amount of pounding than 60 war-
ships and 10,000 men can inflict upon it in two or
three days, :Or as many months. It: is generally
supposed that the attempt upon Wilmington will
not be renewed, and that the Armada will be or-
dered to co-operate at an early day with the force
under General Sherman, marching via Augusta to
Charleston. This is a project which, though
seriously entertained by the Government,— and
strongly advocated by•the military authorities, de-
pends upon the defenders of Augusta in the first in-
stance, and upon many other contingencies after-
wards ; and which, moreover, even if it were suc-
cessfully carried to completion, would not be of
much material advantage. There is no doubt that
Charleston captured would.be of a sweet-smelling
savour in the nostrils of the North, would serve to
round some thousands of periods in leading articles
and orations to the effect that the " serpent of the
rebellion had been smothered in its cradle," and
others to the like effect ; but whether it would in
reality do anything to hasten the end of the war
or add to Northern conquest a square yard of
territory more than would be commanded by the
guns of the Federal garrison is a matter on which
some of the most ardent patriots of the North hold
irreconcilable opinions. With the exception of an

acquired by payment shall enter into the Federal
lines. This looks like a restriction on the previously

existing traffic, and may possibly be so intended by
the Treasury Department. Whatever may be the
purpose as regards private trading, the Government
itself—as I learn on undoubted authority—has no
intention to restrict its own trade, or shut out the

THE CRYSTAL PALACE.—SUMMER in
WINTER.—LUXURIOUSLY WARM and DRY

Staple produce of the South by prohibitory enact-
ment. Such pressure is brought to bear upon it by
the cotton manufacturers of New England and the
12 senators who represent that small, but busy and

YSTAL PALACE.-
vik) To-MORROW to FRIDAY ONLY.—UNUSUAL
AMUSEHENTS. Arrangements:--
Band of the Company at
The Wizard's Performances 2.30
Le Petit Blondin and Pantomime 4.46
Great Organ Performance
The Menagerie Open all day.

influential corner of the Great Republic in the
Upper Iluuse of the Legislature, that, failing to cap-

ture cotton from the enemy in sufficient quantities
to keep the. Northern mills• in full activity, it is
willing to exchange with the South such Northern
products as the South may most urgently need for a
corresponding value in cotton. The South needs
beef, it appears, as hungrily as the North needs cotton ;
and it was therefore agreed some months ago that
a Northern agent, duly authorised by Mr Lincoln,
would exchange with a Southern agent, duly
authorised by Mr. Davis, one, if not two, million
pounds of beef-cattle 'against a million pounds of
cotton. It is possible, therefore, that the mission
of Dr. Zacharie to Richmond may refer to some
such matter as this rather than to the more im-
portant question of peace and war, and that a new
bargain of the kin d„equally_agreeable to •both par,
ties, and highly profitable to the North, may be the
result of this journey to the beleaguered city.
Under the incentive of the new draught called for
by Mr. Lincoln in his proclamation of the 20th ult.,
New York has resumed the military aspect of the
year 1863 and the spring of 1864 which it had tem-
porarily lost. Again the banners stretch at short
intervals across the long line of Broadway to notify
to the able-bodied passengers the various recruiting
offices of celebrated regiments and popular colonels;
again large placards flare upon all the walls adapted
for advertising, setting forth the advantages of the
naval or military service of the Federal Govern-
ment, and the large bounties, splendid prospects,
and paternal treatment offered to the patriotic youth
of America (not forgetting the non-patriotic youth
of Ireland and Germany) who will take arms to deal
the deathblow at the backbone of the rebellion ;
again the wooden shanties of the bounty-brokers are
built in public places by permission of the municipal
authorities ; again the crimps and kidnappers hocus
the unwary, and divert into their own pockets the
greenbacks that should find their way into the
pockets of the willing recruits ; again the consular
agents of Great Britain and of the various German
States are worried, perplexed, and encumbered with
work, in investigating the claims to exemption
raised by people who, but for the conscription,
would never have thought of asserting any na-
tionality but that of the new land into which ill-
fortune in the old had driven them ; and again the
rich are opening their purses to remove from this
great city all peril of a compulsory draught by the
offer of an unprecedented amount of bounty money.
Under the last call the county and city of New York
would have had to provide 13,884 men ; but as cre-
dits are claimed and allowed for 9,451, being the
number in excess of recruitments over previous

NOTE.—The above combined attractions cannot be con-
tinued after Friday next.

Open for Admission from Ten till Six.
' SHILLING- DAY.

and Mrs. GERMAN REED, with Mr.
JOHN PARRY. in THE RIVAL COMPOSERS. in
which the Sisters Pry will appear, with THE BARD and
HIS BIRTHDAY; and to cone ude with MRS. ROS ELE AP
AT THE SEA-S Io E. By Mr. John Parry. Every Evening
(except Saturday) at Eight; Saturday Afternoon, at Three.
- -ROYAL GALLERY OF ILLUSTRA LION, It•, Regent-
street. Unreserved seats, ls., 2s. ; stalls, Is. ; stall spring
chairs, 58.
OPERA DI CAMERA, the SOLDIER'S LEGACY, by
Mactarren, and TOO MANY COOKS, by Offenbach. Every
TUE:..,DAY and T KURSDAY, at Three.

THE O.X F O R D,
6, OXFORD STREET, W.
The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).

ORPHEE AUX }INFERS (Offenbach's brilliant Opera
Comique), is achieving an unprecedented success. Vide, the
Song : "litng of Bceotia ;" "The Hymn to Bacchus ;" and
the spirited "Hilliho " Chorus, by Eurydice, Diana, Cupid,
and e. horns; the side-splitting "Couplets," by Minerva,
Diana, Venus, Cupid, Pluto, and Chorus ; at d dual Minuet
and Galop. Principal characters by Misses Russell, Fitz-
henry, Barrie, Tyrrell, and Walmsley ; Messrs. Greene and
Lascellcs.

----------
Also, the new Cantata, KING CHRISTMAS, written by
Litchfield Mosely, Esq., and composed by Herr Meyer Lutz,
expressly for tuts estaaishment ; and NORMA. Norma,
Miss Ruzself ; Adalgisa, Madame Maria.
Musical Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
Comedy, by Mr. WILLIAM RANDALL, Mr. GASTON
MURRAY, LITTLE 808, SESTIL LION, and all the pro-
curable Talent of the day.

CANTERBURY HALL.
The Oxford and Canterbury Hall Company (limited).

HODGE PODGE,
the most extraordinary Christmas Entertainment in Lon-
don (inclui ng the whole strength of the establishment),
every evening at half-past Nine o'clock
The usual Operatic Selections by Misses Russell, Barre,
Hays, Godden, icc.; Messrs. Laccelles, Harland, Beaumont,
Kimberley, &c.
Musical Director, Mr. P. Jonghmans.
Extra Comedy by Mr. and Mrs. Randal', Mr. Hilton,
Stacey, Woodman, Little Bob, &C.

inland movement against Mobile undertaken by
General Gordon Granger, of which the details are
vague, confused, and contradictory, there is a lull
of military operations. Gen. Hood, defeated but not
subdued, continues his retreat to the Tennessee
river, which he has succeeded in crossing at Florence,
unimpeded by Gen. Thomas ; and Gen. Grant keeps
Christmas and New Year in his camp, giving no
trouble to and receiving none from Gen. Lee. At
Savannah Gen. Sherman is reposing from his
labours—so that there scarcely comes from any
quarter the sound of a gun to break the unusual
quietude.
Considerable interest has been excited during the
last two days by the announcement in the Washing-
ton journals, and thence copied by those of New
York, that Mr. Blair, Ben., the guide, counsellor,
and friend of Mr. Lincoln, and his son, Mr. Mont-
gomery Blair, late Postmaster-General, and a mem-
ber of the Cabinet, had gone to the army of Gen.
Grant with instructions from the President to pro-
ceed to Richmond under flag of truce. It was as-
serted that these gentlemen were the bearers of a
proposition to the Southern President, and that the
proposition they conveyed was a return to the Union
and the old Constitution, coupled with amnesty,
forgiveness, oblivion, or whatever else it might suit
the pride of the South to call, for all the events of
the last four years ; a junction of the two great
armies of the North and the South, under Lee as the
generalissimo, a defiant proclamation of the Monroe
doctrine, and then a triumphal march upon Mexico
for the expulsion of the French and the Emperor
Maximilian. The wildness of this idea was no
im-
pediment to its popular acceptance, though if Wall-
street had believed that the South would listen to
such terms, which it assuredly did not, gold would
have risen to a much higher premium than it has
yet attained, to mark the sense entertained by men
of business of such a reckless change of a civil to a
foreign war of inappreciable magnitude. Whatever
may have been the object of the Messrs. Blair in
proceeding to. the Army of the Potomac, whether it
were merely to gratify their own curiosity, or to
make some sort of a proposition to the authorities
of Richmond, to which Mr. Lincoln was privy,
they did not pass the Federal lines, but, after
remaining two days at General Grant's head-
quarters, returned to Washington. So far there
seems to be an end of all the speculation founded
upon their journey. They were not, however, the
only distinguished visitors that have made their
way to the Federal army, supposed to be charged
with a message to Richmond. High as Mr. Blair,
sen., may stand in the confidence of Mr. Lincoln,
there is another person, who, if common rumour be
not an arrant impostor, stands higher than he, and
who exercises on the President's mind au influence
akin to that exercised over Louis XI. by Olivier le
Dain, the barber. The gentleman in question is a
Dr. Zacharie, appointed some time ago by Mr.
Lincoln " Chiropedist in general to the armies of
the Union," and who in this capacity acquired
a considerable fortune in a very short space
of time. Dr. Zacharie was despatched to Richmond
a year ago or more, and crossed the-line under a flag
of truce. What was his mission no one knew at the
time, though no one suspected that he had gone into
the enemy's camp merely to perform upon the
feet of the Southern President, his secretaries, and
his generals the same professional service he had
rendered to Mr. Lincoln and e halting heroes of
the army of the Potomac. immediately after the
Sherman Dr. Zacharie
wocascu,piattisiolltSeadvmoahu
gbhythe fact has not yet found
its way to the newspapers—despatched by Mr. Lin-
coln on a second embassy to Richmond. What his
mission may mean it is idle to conjecture ; but the
fact that Mr. Lincoln should make choice of such a
negotiator, either for a great object or a small one
is certainly singular, and as such deserves passing
mention in the history of the time. Dr. Zacharie is
reported to be a person of varied attainments, of
refined manners, and of a persuasive address, with
materials enough at the tip of his tongue to add a
few supplementary sheets to the next addition of
" Joe Miller's Jests" that any enterprising book-
seller in the Old World or the New may think it
profitable to publish. It is, perhaps, the last of these
accomplishments that has recommended him to the
congenial President.
Although the blockade by sea of the Southern
cities is well maintained everywhere except at Wil-
mington, the commercial intercourse of North and
South by land is freer than might be supposed: Se,
veral regulations of the Treasury Department
granting permission under certain circumstances to
Northern traders to purchase cotton, sugar, and
other commodities in the " rebellious" States have
been issued from time to time under Mr. Chase
and his successor. On the 22d of December Mr.
Fessenden published an amended regulation, No.
55, setting forth the future practice to be observed,
which was approved and signed by Mr. Lin-
coln on the same day. From this document
it appears that all " permits" previously
granted to Federal citizens to trade with the South
are to be held valid on one main and three subsidi-
ary conditions. The main condition is that such
permits have not been violated or abused. The sub-
sidiary conditions are that goods purchased under
such permits shall be removable from the South to
the North without liability to seizure or confisca-
tion on the part of the Federal authorities ; first, if
they have been wholly paid for prior to the 4th of
July, 1864 ; and second, if they have been partly
paid for and a legal obligation duly entered into to
pay the balance on remainder. If, however, only
a portion of such goods has been paid for, and the
purchaser has entered into no legal obligation by

ROYAL CAMBRIDGE MUSIC HALL,
Commercial-street, Shoreditch.
(Close to the Great Eastern Terminus\
Sole Proprietor, Mr. G. W. NUGENT.
SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS.
Operatic Selections, &c. Prima Donna, Miss ELLISON.
The Comic strength of the Company includes ANNIE
ADAMS, NE [AX POWER, J. G. FORDE, WEST, GEO.
LEY BOURNE, Mr. HERBERT, J. F. ALEXANDER and
Family; LES FRERES CAVALLINI, the great Italian
Clowns and Gymnasts, from the Cirque Napoleon, Paris,
their first appearance in England.
Permanent prices—Area, 4d. ; balcony, 6d. ; stalls, is.
Manager and Conductor, Mr. C. G►tE VILLE:

NIADAME TUSSAUD'S EXHIBITION.
established 29 years at the Bazaar,:Baker-street.
NEW AD DITION.—A Full-length PORTRAIT MODEL
of MULLER, taken from lite, and corrected from the Cast
taken by Doctor Donovan, is now added to the Chamber of
Physiognomy.
Open, on Boxing Day only, from 10 a.m. till 10 p.m,; other
days from 11 a.m. till 5 p.m., and from 7 :ill 10.
Admittance, One Shilling ; extra rooms, Sixpence.

liabilities, and of substitutes purchased in the inter
val between the last draught and its predecessor,
there remains but 4,433 to be raised on this occa-
sion. At a special meeting of the Board of Super-
visors on Saturday, the facts and figures having been
duly set forth, it was unanimously resolved to in-
crease the bounty offered by New York to $1,1300
per man, and for this purpose to raise by way of
loan, on the security and resources of the city and
county, the sum of four million dollars. All parties
being agreed, the resolution was passed without even
a dissentient opinion, and the Mayor affixed his
signature to the ordinance within a few minutes
afterwards. The owners of the real estate will,
doubtless, be called upon in due time to contribute
of their superfluity_ towards the payment of the
annual interest on this new debt, and will doubtless
very speedily shift the burden from their own
shoulders to that of their tenants by increasing the
rent of every house, store, shop, tenement, and
shanty within the limits of the city. " Great is New
York," says an enthusiastic journalist in commenting
upon this liberality, "it gives Admiral Farragut
X 50,000 to purchase a house, and other naval and
military heroes as much more, and yet can afford to pay
four millions for exemption from a new conscrip-
tion. This shows the wealth of the metropolis
and the public spirit of her citizens." It may,
perhaps, show the wealth of the citizens, though in-
debtedness is not always wealth, as private indivi-
duals know, if a whole city full may not, but it cer-
tainly shows a strange kind of public spirit that
populous New York cannot provide a single soldier
or sailor, native born or alien, to fight for pure enthu-
siasm in the cause for which their services are in-
voked, and that nothing but dollars—and large and
continually increasing quantities of them—can induce
a man to pull a trigger or haul a rope on behalf of
that beneficent Government of which the Americans
delight to boast as the beau-ideal of all human in-
xtitutions. There is but little chance that New York
willnot raise the men required. The average weekly
immigration of Irish, German, and other Europeans
during the year 1864 was upwards of 3,000, fully one
half of whom were youths or able-bodied men in the
prime of life. With a thousand dollars as bait,
dropped into such a shoal of gudgeons as this, it
will not be very long before there will be four
thousand four hundred and thirty-three nibbles,
followed by four thousand four hundred and thirty-
three bites, and four thousand four hundred and
thirty-three men in shabby blue to rush to victory
or to defeat under Grant, Sherman, or Thomas, or
any other popular commander whom the war may
produce. Under the circumstances, however, the
less that is said of patriotism the better. It should,
perhaps, be explained for the enlightenment of
Europe that the municipal authorities of New York
who vote these large sums on the credit of the city
have little property of their own ; that the funds of
the corporation are grossly squandered ; that more
money is paid for paving and cleaning the streets
than is devoted to these purposes anywhere else,
and, that, notwithstanding this extravagance, New
York is dirtier and worse paved than any city in
the world; and that wealthy and reputable Ameri-
cans rarely condescend to any participation in the
city government.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street,
Piccadilly.
GRAND CASINO. CONCERT. First time in England,
Gungl's new German Toy Waltz. Prince Imperial Quadrille,
Huguenots, Robert le Diable, William Tell, and a variety of
Dance Music.
Conductor, M. LUIGI CURTI.
Admission, One Shilling.
Manager, M. GRENET.

The inauguration of the statue erected by the
town of Commercy (Meuse) and the departments of
Old Lorraine, to the memory of Dom Calmet, the learned
historian of that province, took place three days ago with
much ceremony. The Minister for Public Instruction was
represented on the occasion by M. Jourdain, member of the
Institute, and chief of a division at the Ministry, who de-
livered an address in which he sketched the life and ac-
quirements of the historian. Others speeches were made
by M. Lengle, sub-Prefect of the arrondissement ; M. Cla-
verie, Mayor of the town ; and the Abbe Trippier, cure of
the parish. At a banquet which followed toasts were drunk
to the Emperor, the Empress, and the Prince Imperial, as
also the Minister of Public Instruction.

BREAKFAST BEVERAGE.--Honueopathio practitioners,
and the medical profession generally, recommend cocoa
as being the most healthful of all beverages. When the doc-
trine of homoeopathy was first introduced into this country,
there were to be obt fined no preparations of cocoa either at-
tractive to the taste or acceptable to the stomach ; the nut
was either supplied in the crude state, or so unskilfully
manufactured as to obtain little notice. J. Epps, of London,
homoeopathic Chemist, was induced in the year 1839 to turn
his attention to this subject, and at length sucoeeded, with
the assistance of elaborate machinery, in being the first
to produce an article pure in its composition, and so refined
by the perfect trituration it receives in the process it passes
through, as to be most acceptable to the delicate stomach.
For general use Eppa's Cocoa is distinguished as an invigo-
rating, grateful breakfast beverage, possessing a most deli-
cious aroma. Dr. Hassell, in his work, "Food and its
Adulterations," says —" Cocoa contains a great variety of im-
poitant nutritive principles--every ingredient neoessary to
the growth and sustenance of' the body." &gain: ..Asa,
nutritive, cocoa stands very much higher than either coffee
or tea." Directions—Two teaspoomfuls of the powder in a
breakfast cup, filledim with boiling water or milk. Secured
in tin-lined i1b.,41b., and 11b. label led packets, and sold by
all groogro, confectioner., and shot caists.—EADTZ]

_
7e,c

~~~~

NEI

-kGz-z.z_,

PRICE 4d.
STAMPED sd.

~iG

The Atlantic Telegraph

Yesterday the first instalment of the Atlantic
Telegraph was despatched on its way, and thus a

most important step forward was taken in the means
of providing a telegraphic communication between
England and America. Her Majesty's ship
Amethyst, an old sailing corvette, which for some
years past has lain at moorings in the Medway, had
received in the iron tank which has been constructed
in her hold a coil of 279 miles of the cable, and was
duly towed down to the Medway, where she will be
laid alongside the Great Eastern to deliver up this
first instalment of the Atlantic cable. Ten, years
will have elapsed since the first agreement was en-
tered into with a view of carrying out this great in-
ternational work, and before six months have
elapsed there is every reason to believe that the
great ship will be on its way to the Atlantic to de-
posit in the depths of the ocean a second submarine
cable. Never, perhaps, was any work taken in
hand which attracts to itself more readily the best
wishes on the part of the public for its perfect and
complete success. The events which imparted so
much interest to the short-lived success of the un-
dertaking in 1858 still exist with even greater force
at the present time. It was on the 23d of August,
1858, that her Majesty congratulated- the President
of the United States upon the successful comple-
tion of the great international work, and ex-
pressed her conviction that i‘ the -President will
join with her in fervently hoping that the electric
cable which now already connects Great Britain
with the United States will prove an additional
link between the two nations, whose friendship is
founded upon their common interest and reciprocal
esteem. The Queen has much pleasure in thus
directly communicating with the President, and in
renewing to him her best wishes for the prosperity
of the United States." The President, in reply,
sent a message which would certainly be as appro-
priate now as it was some years ago, and, referring
to the success of the enterprise, he said—" It is a

VSPAI)

:~-

standing its greater strength andimeas,,
is but 14 cwt.
When it is considered tlf. pr:. ably
some 8 or 10 miles of the cable will be suspended in
water between the points on which it -rests at the
bottom of the ocean and the ship from which it is
being paid out, it will be seen at once how impor-
tant is this great increase of strength, obtained as it
is with so small an addition to its specific gravity.
Buoyancy combined with strength has been ob-
tained in a very satisfactory manner. The hemp
which surrounds the protecting covering of the iron
wires is much lighter than water, hence the compa-
ratively low specific gravity. The next important
point is the strength or breaking strain. This in
the first telegraphic cable was 65 cwt., in the pre-
sent it is 155 cwt., or considerably morethan twice.
that of the former. The first stage in the manu-
facture, that of covering the conducting wires with
gutta percha, is carried on at the works of the
Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Com-
pany, formerly the Gutta Percha Company's
works, near
.the City-road, and here the most
extreme precautions are taken to. ensure the quality
of the insulating material, and the completeness of
covering for the surface. There are, as we have
said, seven copper wires, which together form the
conductor. The entire length of the telegraph will
be 2,300 miles, so that there is 16,100 miles of cop-
per wire. Every portion of this copper wire is sub-
jected to electrical tests to ascertain its quality for
conduction before it is allowed to be worked. The
next stage is to cover these wires with eight suc-
cessive coats of the insulating material, equal to an
aggregate length of 18,400 miles. This core is next
covered with jute, wound round in 10 strands,
making 23,000 miles of jute yarn. Then comes
the outer coating formed of the 10 covered iron
wires. The iron wire itself is 23,000 miles in length,
and each wire is covered separately with five strands
of tarred hemp, 135,000 miles of the latter being re-
quired, making together an aggregate length of
material employed of 115,500 miles, or very nearly
as much as would put 10 girdles round the earth,
or form a line that would extend nearly the whole
distance from the earth to the moon. As the cable
is manufactured it is coiled in large tanks in the
factory; from thence it passes into iron tanks fitted
up in the carrying ships, and finally it is coiled in
the larger tanks which have been constructed on
board the Great Eastern. Many alterations have
been required to adapt the " big ship " to its new
duties. But although the whole of the cable, in-
cluding the allowance for slack, is 2,400 miles, the
space which it requires in the huge vessel is almost
ridiculously small when compared with the immense
size of the ship. In order to construct the tanks
into which the cable will be coiled, it has been ne-
cessary to remove a considerable portion of the
interior, and to cut away the decks of the ship.
The largest of the three tanks is placed in the after
part of the ship, occupying the space formerly de-
voted to the second-class saloon. This tank is 58
feet in diameter, and 20 feet 6 inches in height. It
is constructed of iron, and will, of course, be water-
tight, the cable being placed in water from the time
it is received on board until it is finally deposited in
its bed in the Atlantic. The plates of which the
tanks are formed are five-eighths of an inch in
thickness for three courses from the bottom, and
half an inch to the top. They are strongly riveted
throughout. The midship tank is 58 feet 6 inches
in diameter, and 20 feet 6 inches in depth, allowing
for about the same quantity of stowage as the after
tank. The forward tank is 51 feet in diameter,
and of the same depth as the other two, the
quantity of cable it will hold being calculated at
between 600 and 700 miles. This tank is en-
tirely finished, and is now filled with water, and
into this will be coiled the first section of the cable
now on its way down the river. In order to sus-
tain the enormous additional weight which will be
placed on the decks when the whole of the nearly
2,400 miles of cable is on board, the decks in which
the tanks are erected are strengthened by a system
of knees and deckbeams, while the pressure of the
cable against the sides of the tanks will be overcome
by an arrangement of beams and supports having
for their object the confining the dead weight of the
cable to the centre of the ship, and preventing, or
rather overcoming, the outward pressure of the
enormous mass when the vessel is Tolling at sea.
The three tanks will hold respectively 817, 803, and
663 miles of cable, giving a total length of 2,283
miles ; but it is intended to place an additional
length of cable on .board, to allow for slack or plis-
haps on the way, and thus bring up the entire length
to 2,400 miles. The entire weight of cable, tanks,
water, and paying-out apparatus, which will be
placed on board the Great Eastern when she starts
for the Atlantic will be about 17,000 tons, and it is
to be hoped that the " big ship" will so behave when
at sea with her precious burden as to establish a
claim upon that confidence on the part of the public
which she forfeited by her many former vagaries
and repeated mishaps.

triumph more glorious, because far more useful, to
mankind than was ever won by a conqueror on
the field of battle ;" and he went on to hope that
" the Atlantic Telegraph might, under the blessing
of Heaven, be a bond of perpetual peace and friend-
ship between the kindred nations, and an instru-
ment destined by Divine Providence to diffuse re-
ligion, civilisation, liberty, and law throughout the
world. In this view," he said, " will not all the
nations of Christendom spontaneously unite in the
declaration that it (the Atlantic Telegraph) shall be
for ever neutral, and that its communications shall
be held sacred in passing to the place of their des-
tination, even in the midst of hostilities." Strange
commentaries upon all this desire of neutrality,
this sacredness of telegraphic messages in the midst
of hostilities ; this depreciation of the victories
of the conqueror on the field of battle ; this de-
sire for the diffusion of liberty, civilisation, and
law have been offered in the contest now being
waged on the American continent since first the in-
fant telegraph carried those words of mutual con-
gratulation between the Old and New World. There
is every probability that the first messages which the
line now about to be laid will bring to us will be of
some fresh victory or some addition to that useless
slaughter and wholesale destruction of life and
property which have marked the progress of tilt pre-
sent civil war. Nevertheless, the work is one of im-
mense national importance, and it is not possible to
value too highly the enterprise, the perseverance,
and the untiring energy of the men who, in the face
of unparalleled difficulties, have once more set on
foot the project of an Atlantis cable, and brought
electric communication between America and Europe
within the range of possibility.
Up to last night there had been manufactured at
the works of the " Telegraph Construction and
Maintenance," formerly Glass, Elliot, and Co., 902
miles, or about 100 miles more than one-third of the
entire length required to be laid between Valentia
and Newfoundland. The form of cable which has
been adopted was only decided upon after very ma-
ture and careful consideration on the part of a com-
mittee consisting of Capt. Galion, Mr. W. Fairbairn,
Mr. Whitworth, Professor Wheatstone, and Profes-
sor Thompson, and the cable is now being made ac-
cording to the conditions and in the manner recom-
mended by the committee. In connection with the
present undertaking, neither the Government of
this country nor that of the United States affords, as
was the case in the first attempt, any assistance to
the enterprise in the shape of vessels for carrying
the cable across the Atlantic, but her Majesty's
Government have lent to the company the Amethyst
and the Trio, two old sailing ships, for carrying the
cable in sections, as it is manufactured, from East
Greenwich to the Medway. Our own Government,
as well as that of the United States, however, still
give to the company a grant of 4 per cent. each on
a capital of 350,000/. while the cable continues in
working order, and of this sum 20,0001. per annum
is to be considered as an actual payment on the cost
of Government despatches. With no other public
aid than this the Atlantic Telegraph Company has,
however, succeeded in getting the work fairly in
hand. The amount of capital subscribed on the
part of the public is not more than one-half of that
which will be actually expended ; the remainder is
undertaken at the risk of the contractors, who, hav-
ing so large a portion of their remuneration con-
tingent upon success, must naturally do all in their
power to achieve such a result.
The present cable has a centre or core formed of
seven copper wires—six laid round one. The
weight of copper in these wires is, however, 300 lb.
for each nautical mile, as against 1061 b. in the first
cable. This is in itself an important point of dif-
ference, the weight of copper for the conducting
wires in the whole length being more than 200 tons
greater than in the first cable. The gauge of the
wire used is that known as No. 18. These con-
ducting wires are insulated by four layers of gutta
percha, laid on alternately with four thin layers of
the material known as Chatterton's compound, the
diameter of the core thus covered being rather less
than half an inch, the exact figures being -464
inches, and the circumference 1.392 inches. In
the first cable the core was protected by three
coverings of gutta percha, weighing 2611 b. per
nautical mile—the difference between the nautical
and geographical mile is in the proportion of 2,126
to 1,760 yards—the weight of the insulator in the
first cable was 2611 b., in the present one it is 400 lb.
per mile. For the protection of the core and the
insulating portions there is a " padding " or coat-
ing of a soft jute yarn, saturated with a pre-
servative mixture, which is wound round and
next to the insulating outer surface of gutta.
percha. This will help to resist the strain
brought to bear upon the cable whet a great.length
this pad-
is paid out in deep water. Outside of
ding is the coating employed only for
aprrtoteofcttihvee
purposes, and forming, of course, nlOO
solid wires,
telegraph proper. This consists of
of the guage separately with
Each of these wires surrounded .095, drawn fromdhedomogeneous iron.
The whole of these 10
five-strand tarred manilla.
strands are then laid
spirally round the padded
give greater strength com
core, and they are formed
ainupon at
the nwni
re re s t
will
when a heavy
strainngth to the cable. In the first
e
telegraph the protection of the core was sought to
be effected by 18 strands of charcoal iron wire,
each strand composed of seven thread-like wires.
These were laid spirally round and upon the core.
In paying out the cable the whole strain came upon
the core, or inner portion, and not upon this outer
coating of wire, which really served only to in-
crease the specific gravity without giving addi-
tional strength. The line now in hand has a vast
superiority over the former one in regard to its
specific gravity. The first weighed in air 20 dwt. ;
this weighs 31 cwt. to the nautical mile ; in water,
however, the weight of the first was 134 cwt, per
mile ; the specific gravity of the §econd, notwith-

RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE.

LONDON AND SOUTH-WESTERN.

The directors of this company intend to ask the proprie-
tors on the 19th instant for authority to amalgamate the
Exeter and Exmouth and the Thames Valley Railways

with their system. They also intend to submit arrange-
ments for the use in perpetuity of portions of the metro-

politan lines and city undertaking of the London,Chatham,
and Dover Company. The Exeter and Exmouth line
is 1031 miles in length, and the capital consists of
36,8001. ordinary shares, 27,0001. 5 per cent. preference
shares, 16,6001. debenture debt, together 80,4001., and
liabilities of 1,8001. By the proposed terms of amalgama-
tion the ordinary and preference shares are to be exchanged
for 45,0001. 41 per cent. preference shares of the South-
Western Company, the latter are also to assume the deben-
ture debt, and to pay in cash the liabilities of 1,8001. The
amalgamation is to take effect on Jan. 1, 1866. The Thames
Valley line extends from the Kingston Railway, near
Twickenham, to Shepperton, is 9 miles in length, has a
share capital of 110,0001., and was opened for traffic on Ist
Nov. last. By an authorised agreement the South-Western
Company are to work the line in perpetuity, rendering to
the Thames Valley Company a minimum return of 4,6501.
a year with half its net profits beyond that sum. The
directors propose to give in exchange for the 110,0001. share
capital the sum of 400,910/. of 4 per cent. South-Western
preference stock. The directors recommend the shareholders
to adopt these arrangements.
The arrangement with the London, Chatham, and Dover
Company provides for the use of their railway between the
Clapham, the Long-hedge, and the Knight's-hill junctions
respectively, and the city terminus of the London, Chat-
ham, and Dover Company's line at the foot of Ludgate-
hill. The London, Chatham, and Dover Company nree,
with all despatch, to complete all their still uncomo
thei s: etanotd
tewileaen
lines between the Ludgate terminus on the on
r
the three several junctions on the other ;
an
hbeere are to hp
Ludgate and Herne-hill stations in
four lines of way. The South-Western
from Ludgate
have full powers to run their trains
on
etiousaivneCdompany are to
g hedge, and the Clap- ,
station, via the Knight's-hill,
ham junctions, with the utsheetilfeall stations, &c., at through
for
wo°rricieteZion oL the aovetnment
rates, to be divided after
expelyies in equal mile- ,
duty, and 25 per cent.
with
an advantage to the London,
in the division of fares for
age proportions, but
miles from the Ludgate station.
Sidings and Dover2Coompany
tion.
distances exceeding
the Ludgate station and for use by
Sidings for the reliegf of.
carriages of the two companies are to
the engines and
formedCp partly on land already
acquired by the Dover
and partly on land to be acquired by the South
Company
Western Company, near the Ludgate station, each com-
pany paying a rent for working and maintaining the sidings,
with interest on the respective expenditures of the two
companies in proportion to the use of the sidings by each
of the two companies. In consideration of these privileges
he South Western Company are to pay the Dover Com-
pany upon the completion of 'the uncompleted portions of
their railways between Ludgate-hill and the respective
junctions, 316,0001., and in respect thereof to be for ever
free of any payment for the use of the Dover Company's
lines, stations, &c., in exercise of their powers up to 11,0601.
a year, but being subject to pay the proper apportionment
of rates, so far as it exceeds in any year that sum. In case
the Dover Company shall hereafter make a station north of
their Ludgate, the South Western Company is to have the
option of joining in the work, and in that case is to have
the running powers extended thereto, upon terms having
reference to the peculiar circumstances and cost of that
portion of the railway. The directors recommend the pro-
prietors to confirm this arrangement.