The Sun.
London, England, 1865-10-31 00:00:00

THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO.

The third volume of the diplomatic correspondence just
published has important despatches concerning Mexican
affairs, of which the following is the substanc e. On Feb.
27, 1864, Mr. Seward writes to Mr. Dayton relative to the
visit of Prince Maximilian of Austria to Paris, in which
the Secretary of State says :

"If he appears there with any assumption of authority
or title in Mexico, you will entirely refrain from inter-
course with him. Should your proceedings become a
subject of inquiry or remark, you will be at liberty, in the
exercise of your own discretion, to say that this Govern-
ment, in view of its rights and duties in the present con-
juncture of its affairs, has prescribed fixed rules to be ob-
served, not only by this department, but by its represen-
tatives in foreign countries. We acknowledge revolutions
only by direction of the President, upon full and mature
consideration. Until such regular authority or recognition
we do not hold formal or informal communications with
political agents or representatives of revolutionary move-
ments in countries with which we maintain diplomatic
intercourse."

March 21, 1864, Mr. Dayton writes to Mr. Seward con-
cerning the published rumour in Galignani and the London
Globe that he (Mr. Dayton) had intimated a readiness on
the part of the United States to receive a Minister from
Maximilian as Emperor of Mexico, which report Mr.
Dayton, of course, denies. In acknowledgment of this
letter Mr. Seward says :
" Events which have recently occurred in the western
section of that country, if they are correctly reported, show
that the Mexican national authorities aro not likely to be
immediately suppressed. It is of course not impossible
that new embarrassments for this Government may grow
out of the Archduke's assumption of authority in Mexico.
But we shall do all that prudence, justice, and honor
require to avert them • at the same time we shall not forego
the assertion of any of our national rights.
"If such precautions fail to secure us against aggression,
we shall then, I trust, be able to rise, without great effort,
to the now duties which in that case will have devolved
upon us. I remain now firm, as heretofore, in the opinion
that the destinies of the American continent aro not to be
permanently controlled by any political arrangements that
can be made in the capitals of Europe."

Mr. Godfrey, representing the French Government,
having written to Mr. Seward informing him that a consi-
derable number of emigrants from California had disem-
barked at Guaymas, and established themselves in • the
country by virtue of grants made to them by " ex-Presi-
dent " Juarez, and that the mission of the French forces,
then on the way to Sonora, was to prevent the taking
possession of lands so granted, " the lawfulness of which
will never be admitted," by the French Government, Mr.
Seward, in reply, under date April 6, 1864, says :
"While I appreciate the frankness and the goodwill which
the Emperor's Government manifests in thus communicat-
ing its views and purposes on the subject mentioned, it
nevertheless remains my duty to say that this Government
has long recognised, and still does continue to recognise,
the Constitutional Government of the United States of
Mexico as the sovereign authority in that country, and the
President, Benito Juarez, as its chief. This Government,
at the same time, equally recognises the condition of war
existing in Mexico between that country and France. We
maintain absolute neutrality between the belligerents, and
we do not assume to judge, much less to judge in advance,
of the effect of the war upon titles and estates. We have
no knowledge of such an emigration from California to
Sonora as you have described in your Note ; but if such an
emigration has taken place, those persons who thus
emigrate will, of course, bo regarded as subjecting them-
selves to the authority and laws by which the rights of
citizens of Mexico are governed, and while it seems unne-
cessary for the President to assume that such emigrants
will claim the protection of this Government for any estate
of whatever kind they may attain or attempt to attain in
Mexico, it would certainly bo presumptuous to attempt
now to decide upon the validity of such claim.
"Peaceful emigration from the United States is entirely
free from restraint or influence of the Government. Emi-
grants themselves are generally well informed concerning
their rights. Under these circumstances any interference
of the Government concerning such emigration would be
as inexpedient as it would be without precedent. The case
would be different if the act of emigration was attended
with preparations and purposes hostile to Mexico, or to
either belligerent party, or to any other nation ; and, there-
fore, incompatible with the laws of the United States or
with the laws of nations. It is believed that the Govern-
ment of the United States has already sufficiently indicated
the views it must take in such a case, if it should occur,
which, however, there seems no immediate reason to ap-
prehend."

SOUTH AMERICAN DIFFICULTIES.—The latest
advices respecting the war between Brazil and Paraguay
show that the Paraguayans were actively pushing forward,
while their opponents, the allied forces, remained motion-
less, but concentrated, at Concordia, waiting the attack.
The Brazilian fleet on the Parana river had commenced a
retrograde movement, fearing that the Paraguayans would
construct batteries below, so as to gain command of the
river. The magnitude which this struggle is assuming
may be estimated from the fact 'that at the date of our
latest advices there were 113,000 men under arms, of
whom 56,000 were Paraguayans and 57,000 allies.
English capitalists have purchased 600,0001. of
Colorado mining lands, and their agents and employes are
en route to develope the same. The claims are principally
Russell and Trail Run districts, and their recent purchase
has been the Seton Lode of 1,000 feet, for whichthey paid
£lOO,OOO alone.

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