The Sun.
London, England, 1863-05-20 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, IEtEISDAY EVENING, MAY 20, 1863,

SEA.—FELLOWS and CO., Shipbrokers, 127,
Fenchurch-street, E.C., require MIDSHIPMEN and
FOUR First-class APPRENTICES in an Al clipper India-
man, 1,501 tons. Premium moderate, returned in wages.
Also stout Lads, without premium, for other ships. Wages
£33.

SEA.—MIDSHIPMEN required for splendid
ships for Australia and India. Premium, 50 to 60
guineas, may be paid in two instalments. Apprentices also
wanted, with and without premium.—Apply to W. Suther-
land, ship and passage broker, 11, Fenchurch-buildings, by
:07, Fenchurch-street. Established 1851.

INNS OF COURT HOTEL COMPANY
(Limited).

At a MEE LING of the BOARD of DIRECTORS, held on
the 16th of April, 1663, it was resolved—That the Share List
be CLOSED on the 27th MAY.

After which time no further applications for Shares will
be received.

By order.
H. T. L. BEWL EY, Secretary.
63, Lincoln's-inn-fields, W.C.

THE CONSERVATIVE LAND SOCIE Ty._
FIIEEIIOLD LAND and HOUSES in the HOME
COUNTIES.—The Society's system is worthy of notice of all
persons desirous of obtaining in healthy districts Suburban
Residences, combining railroad, omnibus, and river commu-
nications with town ; roads and sewers made, and water mains
and gas laid down. By very small payments land and houses
are acquired Eligible and valuable bui ding sites, in large or
small quantities. are now on bale to thegeneral public. Land
will be let on building leasesovith advances, if required. The
freehold may be repaid in monthly or other easy instalments,
immediate pos, ession being given. It is not necessary to be
a member of the Society in order to buy laud if the cost
thereof be paid up in full.
_

Prospectioes fie°. Plans, dd. each estate, or 7d. by post.
CHARLES LEWIS GRUNEISEN, Secretary.
Offices, No. 33, Norfolk-street, Strand, London W.C.

NORTH BRITISH AND MERCANTILE
INSURANCE COMPANY.

Established 18G9.
Incorporated by Royal Charter and Special Acts of
Parliament.

Accumulated and Invested Funds
Annual Revenue.. 422,401
FIRE DEPARTMENT.

Insurances granted both at Home and in Foreign Countries
on the most liberal terms.

LIFE DEPARTMENT.
Every facility offered to Insurers.
Ninety per Cent. of the Profits divided among the Insurers
on the participating principle.
The new Life business transacted in 1862 as follows:
Policies. Amount Insured. Premiums.
1,037 £763,334 £23,641 0 0
Forms of Proposal and every information will be furnished
on application at the

OFFICES :
LONDON 58, Threadneedle-street
4, New Bank Buildings. Lothbury.
,West-end Office B, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall.
,

„ ,

WESTERN MANCHESTER and LONDON
LIFE ASSURANCE and ANNUITY SOCIETY.

Established 1842.
Chief Offices-3, Parliament-street, London, and
77, King-street, Manchester.
ACTUARY—Arthur Scratchley, Esq., M.A.
SPECIMENS OF BONUS ALLOTTED. —E. U. has paid
£lB3 11s. 3d. In Premiums towards his Policy for £1,500;
£lO6 12s. id. Bonus has already (1860) been allotted to him.
R. S. has paid £7 68. in Premiums towards his Policy for
£5O ; £6 2s. 11d. Bonus has already (1860) been allotted to
him.

ANNUITIES AND ENDOWMENTS GRANTED.
Full Prospectuses, Proposals, and every information may
be obtained from the Actuary in London, the Local Secretary
in Manchester, or any of the Society's Agents.

AGENCY DEPARTMENT.
This Society, always desirous of extending its operations
and connections, offers to in fiuential residents in the towns and
villages of the United Kingdom liberal allowances on business
which they may be able to introduce. The services of Soli-
citors, Medical Men, Surveyors, Auctioneers, or Tradesmen
of good local standing, are invited in the capacity of Pri-
vate or Public Agents. All applications to the Offices are
treated as confidential. Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal,
Almanacks, da , forwarded post free.

PROVIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL LIFE
ASoOCIATION.

Established 1840.
TRUSTEES.

Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. I Wm. Geo. Prescott, Esq.
Thomson Hankey, Esq., M.P. Baron L. de Rothschild, M.P.
Mutual Lif, Assurance for all classes.
This Association has now in existence 8,000 policies, for a
total sum of £1,500,000.
The Annual Income is
The Accumulated Fund exceeds
It has paid in Claims

.. £51,000
.. 2 o,' 00
.. 112,000

The whole of the profits are divided quinquennially among
the Members Three divisions have already been made•
when the following sums have been added as bonuses to the
policies -
Dec. 31, 1847 ..
1852
11
1857
„ 1862 ..
making the total bonus additions, £65,600.
Bonuses may be received in cash or applied to the vduc-
tion of premiums at the option of the assured, in lieu of an
addition to the t of cy.
Attention is especially invited to the system of free or paid-
up policies introduced by this Association, by which the
sacrifice so often submitted to on the relinquishment of a
po icy is wholly avoided.
The balance-sheets of the Association are open to all,
whether assurers or otherwise.
Active and influential agents will be appointed in unrepre-
sented districts.

.. L 1,400

.. 11,50)
.. 23 200
.. 56,500

WM. THOS. LINFORD, Secretary.
Chief Office, 15, Moorgate-street, E.C., Miy 1, 1863.

A.D. 1720.

ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE
CORPORATION
(Established by Charter of his Majesty George the First)
FOR SEA, FIRE, LIFE, AND ANNUITIES.
Offices, Royal Exchange, London.
Branch Office, 29, Pall-malL
OCTAVIUS WIGRAM, Esq., Governor.
GEORGE PEARRES BARCLAY, Esq., sub-Governor.
Sir JOHN HENRY PELLY, Bart., Deputy-Governor.
DIRECTORS.
Henry Bainbridge, Esq. Wilmot Holland, Esq.
Robert Barclay, Esq. Earl of Leven and Melville.
John Garratt Cattley, Esq. Chas. Jno. Manning, Esq.
Mark Currie Close, Esq. Henry Nelson, Esq.
William Davidson, Esq. The Hon. Josceline W. Percy.
Thomas Dent, Esq. Charles Robinson, Esq.
Alexander Druce, Esq. Samuel Leo Schuster, Esq.
Fredk. Jos. Edlmann, Esq. Eric Carrington Smith, Esq.
RiversdaleW. Grenfell, Esq. William Soltau, Esq.
Robt. Amadeus Heath, Esq. Joseph Somes, Esq., M.P.
Wm. Tetlow Hibbert, Esq. William Wallace, Esq.
Jas. Stewart Hodgson, Esq. Chas. Baring Young, Esq.
Medical Referee, SAMUEL SOLLY, Esq., F.R.S.
NOTICE.— Me usual fifteen days allowed for payment of
FIRE PREMIUMS falling due at Lady Day will expire
on 9th April.
FIRE and LIFE ASSURANCES may be effected with this
''orporation on advantageous terms.
In the Life Department, assurances are granted with par-
ticipation in Profits, or, at lower Premiums, without such
participation.
The Reversionary Bonus on British Policies has averaged
nearly 2 per cent. per annum on the sum assured.
Equivalent reductions have been made in the Premiums
payable by persons who preferred that form of Bonus.
The divisions of Profit take place every Five years.
Any sum not exceeding £15,000 may be insured on one
Life.

This Corporation affords to the Assured-7
Liberal participation in Profits—with exemption from
the liabilities of partnership.
A rate of Bonus equal to the average returns of Mutual
Societies—with the guarantee of a large invested Capital
Stock.
The advantages of modern practice,—with the security
of an Office whose resources have been tested by the ex-
perience of nearly a CENTURY AND A lIALF.
The have alas allowed to
in the Militia,Corporation Yeomanry,w ory Volunteerthe Corps Assured withinserve the
United Kingdom, free of charge.

ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON.

ROBT. P. STEELE, Secretary.

GUARDIAN FIRE AND LIFE ASSURANCE
COMPANY,
No. /1, Lombard-street; London, E.C.
Established 1821.
Subscribed Capital, Two Millions.
DIRECTORS.
sir MINT() FARQUHAR, Bait, M.P., Chairman.
CHARLES WILLIAM CURTIS, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
Henry Hulse Berens, Esq., G. Shaw Lefevre, Esq.
Henry Bonham Carter, Esq. John Martin, Esq.
Charles F. Devas, Esq. Rowland Mitchell, Esq.
Francis Hart Dyke, Esq. James Morris, Esq.
Sir Walter R. Farquhar, Bart. Henry Norman, Esq.
James Goodson, Esq. Henry R. Reynolds, Esq.
Thomson Ilankey, Esq., M.P. Abraham J. Robarts, Esq.
Tohn G. Hubbard, Esq., M.P. James Tulloch, Esq.
John Labouchere; Esq. Henry Vigne, Esq.
AUDITORS.
Lewis Loyd, Esq. I Henry Skes Thornton, Esq.
Cornelius Paine, jun., Esq. Noel Why itings
Thos. Tallemach, Esq., Secretary , q.
E I
Saml. Brown, Esq., Actuary

LIFE DEPARTMENT.—UNDEn THE PROVISIONS OF AN
ACT OF PARLIAMENT, this Company now offers to new In-
urers EIGHTY PER CENT. of the Profits, at Quinquennial
Divisions, or a Low Rate of Premium without participation of
Profits.
Since the establishment of the Company in 1821, the
Amount of Profits allotted to the Assured has exceeded in
,ash value £660,000, which represents equivalent Reversionary
Bonuses of £1,058,000.
After the Division of Profits at Christmas, 1859, the Life
Assurances in force, with existing Bonuses thereon,
mounted to upwards of £4,730,000, the Income from the Lite
Branch £207,000 per annum, and the Life Assurance Fund,
ndependent of the capital, exceeded £1,618,000,
LOCAL MILITIA and VOLUNTEER CORPS.—No
Extra Premium is required for service therein.
LOANS granted on Life Policies to the extent of their
%.aluei, if such value be not less than £5O.
ASSIGNMENTS OF POLICIES.—Written Notices of, re-
seived and registered.
MEDICAL FEES paid by the Company, and no charge
or Policy Stamps.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that FIRE Policies
which expire At Lady Day must be renewed within fifteen
days at this Office, or,with Mr. SAMS, No. 1, St. James's-
street, corner of Pall-Mall ;or with the Company's Agents
throughout the Kingdom, otherwise they become void.
Losses caused by Explosion of Gas are admitted by this
OomPat3Y.

08T E 0 Ell) ON:
Patent, March 1, 1862, No. 560.
GABRIEL'S Self-adhesive Patent Indestructible MINE-
RAL TEE IR and FLEXIBLE GUMS, without palates,
prings, or wires, and without operation. One set lasts a
iffetime. and WARRANTED FOR MASTICATION and
ARTICULATION, even when all others fail. Purest ma-
terials only, at half the usual coat.
Menem GABRIEL, the old-established Dentists,
27, HARLEY-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUARE;
34, LUDGATE-RILL, LONDON;
65,
13NEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM; and
4, DUKE-STREET, LIVERPOOL.
Complete Sets, 4 to 7 and 10 to 15 guineas.
One visit only required from country patients. Gabriers
Practical Treatise gratis.

,C 91113 ultati ma tree.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

EPSOM RA.CES-TVESDA.Y.

The first day of this most important meeting opened in
a most inauspicious manner so far as the weather was con
cerned. At early morn the rain was descending in torrents,
and continued till noon, when it somewhat abated. Showers,
however, were prevalent during the whole of the afternoon.
The wind was exceedingly boisterous, and long before the
racing commenced had thoroughly stripped the roofs of the
tents situated to wind ward of the Grand Stand of their can •
vas covering, Before the commencement of the afternoon's
sport very little Derby betting took place. Shortly before
the first race Tambour Major had a gallop over the Derby
c,,urse, Loiterer leading him. We did not, however, hear
one word in praise of his style of going;
on the contrary,
he was pronounced by good judges to be an extremely
clumsy, round-actioned horse, and, moreover, to show con-
siderable temper at starting. Fantaslic is evidently
much fancied by those connected both with the horse and
the stable, an 3, knowing as we do that he has achieved all
the victories in his trials, he will no doubt run a very good
horse. The lameness of which there was so much talk
some three weeks back was simply an inflamed heel, and no
unsoundness whatever. Of Lord Clifden we had most
flattering reports, and fully expect to see him repay those
who have placed faith in his prowess. As regards the other
animals in the race, there was no demonstration worthy of
note. The racing during the afternoon was chiefly remark-
able for the overthrow of the favourites, and the tolerably
easy victory of the French mare Fille de l'Air in the Wood-
cote Stakes, beating Molly Carew, who was backed for so
large an amount that she became a very decided favourite.
For the Heathcote Stakes Miss Julia was backed very
freely, and looked very much like winning till opposite
the Stand, when Livingstone settled her pretensions to
first honours. In the Rous Stakes Gardener and
Ace of Clubs were most fancied, but they had
to succumb to Wingrave, who won very easily.
The rain has done an immensity of good to the running
ground, which instead of being as hard as adamant, is now
very fair going. The trains ran in admirable order, and,
as far as we could learn, conveyed their living freights in
perfect safety and contort. As full particulars of the run-
ning will be found given below, no further remarks need be
made here. We may just mention that the ring for the
members of Tattersall's and the Rooms at Newmarket still
appears to be unpopular with the many. There are many
gentlemen who like to have their "termer" or "pony" on a
race at the" Derby time" who would never think of doing
so at the majority of race meetings, much less become mem-
bers of such institutions as those before mentioned, and,
consequently, have to bet " outside" ; where, however, a
great number of very respectable bookmakers afford them
that opportunity.

The Craven Stakes of 10 says each, with 0 sovs added, for
3-yr-olds and upwards. Weight for age. The last mile
and a quarter of the new Derby Course. 10 subs.
3 yrs, 7st 21b .............. (Rudd) 2
Mr, Hart's Adventurer, 4 yrs, Bst 121 b ...... (Clement) 1
71b .... (Whitely) 3
The following also ran :—Atherstone, Buckenham,
s Comet, 3 yrs, 7st
MBMerra:uji3voaahrlern',B°lBßBblirnuckee'd own, Stockowner, and Brother to
Morocco.

Betting—Even on Atherstone, 0 to 2 agst Adventurer, 5
to;1 agst Buckenham, and 10 to 1 agst any other.
A capital start was effected after one slight failure,
wretched pace, Brother to Morocco going on second, with
Comet, with a slight lead, making the running at a
the favourite next, to the top of the hill, where the latter
rushed past his horses, and came on with the lead, Comet
shortly after dropping into the third place, the pace mend-
ing considerably as they came down the hill. Rounding
the turn into the straight Brother to Morocco gave way, and
his place was taken by Adventurer, who came on in waiting
to half in the distance,where Atherstone was beaten, leaving
Comet and Isoline in front, but who were headed at the
enclosure by Adventurer, who won in a canter by three
lengths, Isoline beating Comet by a neck for second. Ather-
stone was a bad fourth, Buckenham fifth, Brother to Morocco
sixth, and Stockowner next, Blackdown and Beauvale were
the last two.

The Heathcote Plate of 50 soya; 2-yr-olds and upwards.
Weight for age. Winners extra. Half a mile.
Lord Stamford's Livingstone, 3 yrs, Bst lib (A. Edwards) 1
Captain Christie's Miss Julia, aged, Bst 71b.. (Fordham) 2
Mr. G. Bryan's Welland, 4 yrs, Bst 121 b ....(Custance) 3
Rattler, Mysterious Lady, King of the Forest, Lifebuoy,
Attraction, Queen of the Vale, Toy filly, and Lady Emma
also ran.

Betting-6 to 4on Miss Julia, 3to 1 agst Welland, sto
1 agst Livingstone, 100 to 8 agst King of the Forest, and
100 to 15 agst Queen of the Vale.

In consequence of King of the Forest refusing to face his
horses, and several breaks away, the start was delayed some
time. When the flag was lowered Miss Julia, as usual, was
the first away, and came on with a clear lead in the centre
of the course, having Livingstone wide on her right, with
whom came Queen of the Vale and Welland, the latter lying
next the rails on the upper ground, the others widely
spread, being headed by Mysterious Lady. Half way in
the distance the Baron's filly was in difficulties, leaving the
three leaders to fight it out; Livingstone got to the tavou-
rite's head opposite the Stand, where Custance made his
effort, thence a splendid race ensued, Livingstone winning
in the last stride by a neck, a like distance separating the
second and third. King of the Forest was fourth, and
Queen of the Vale fifth, the others were pulling up as they
passed the post.

Ihe Brighton Stakes of 10 soya each, h ft, With 100 sous
added (handicap), for all ages. Winners extra. Three-
quarters of a mile. 29 subs.
Mr. R. C. Naylor's Drummer Boy, 4 yrs, 7st 71b
(Challoner) 1
Mr. Hodgman's Libellous, 6 yrs, Bst 121 b .... (Hughes) 2
Lord Stamford's Ellerton, 5 yrs, Bst 21b.... (A. Edwards) 3
The following also ran :—Suburban, Queen of the Vale,
Linne, Southport, Walloon, Bosh,
Rbc
-not, Merry Hart, Ossian, Liston, Creole,
Lady
i ne b ca,
l eanyLs,eo
-mar Lord
de of
Quicksand.
_ .

Betting-7 to 4 agst Creole, 6to 1 agst Liston, Bto 1 agst
Spicebox, and 10 to 1 agst any other.
Lady Fanny,being the quickest beginner, got away with
a clear lead, followed by Libellous, Queen of the Vale, El.
lerton, and Drummer Boy, a wide interval separating these
from Lord of Linne and Ossian, who headed the ruck. At
the distance the leader died away, leaving Libellous in pos.
session of the lead, closely attended by Ellerton, Drummer
Boy, Spicebox, and Suburban, to the Stand, whore Drum-
mer Boy came out and won, after a fine race in, by half a
length ; a neck between the second and third ; Spieebox
was a good fourth, Lady Fanny fifth, Suburban sixth, and
Ossian next.

The Woodcote Stakes of 10 sous each, with 190 Boys added ' •
for two-yr-olds; colts, Bst 101 b ; and fillies, Bst 71b. The
owner of the second horse to receive 25 Boys. out of the
stakes. New T.Y.C. Three-quarters of a mile. 60

subs.
Count Lagrange's Fille de l'Air. Bst 71b (Watkins) 1
Mr. J. F. Rowlan4's Molly Carew,
Sat 71b(H.2rimshaw) 2
Lord Stamford's Procella, Bst 71b ........ (A. Edwards) 3
The following also ran :—War Dance, Retainer, Nour-
mahal colt, Oberon, Loose Fish, The Count, Rosina colt,
Sister to Queen:of the Vale, Roundhead, Alabama, Aunt
Judy, and Alcyone.
Betting-7 to 4 agst Molly Carew, sto 2 agst Sister to
Queen of the Vale, 7to 1 agst Fille de l'Air, 13 to 1 agst
War Dance, and 100 to 6 agst Procella.
Upwards of 30 minutes were consumed before Mr.
M'George was enabled to, despatch them from the post, the
lead being immediately taken by the Nourmahal colt, who
was shortly after passed by Procella, the Rosina colt, Sister
to Queen of the Vale, Molly Carew, and Fille do l'Air, who
came on in a cluster to the turn, where Procella gave place
to the Rosina colt, wno held a clear lead to the distance,
when the favourite and Fille de l'Air joined issue, and ran
Carew beating Procella by for second. The Rosins
colt was fourth, close up, War Dance fifth, Sister to Queen
and together
won t o
rather half-way
ce
ver up, i
y whenahathe
a tlast
d by French filly came out
half a length, Molly
of the Vale sixth, and Loose Fish neat; then came Alcyone
and Oberon, side by side.
20 sous each, 10 ft,
upwards. Winners
extra. One mile. 23 subs. The highestadded,and weight accept-
ingThweitßoh
2uosiSstaovkses,
being Bst 111 b, it has bean raised to Bst 121 b, and the
others in proportion.
Baron Rothschild's IVingrave, 4 yrs, Bst 71b.... (Wells) 1
Lord Annesley's Ace of Clubs, 4 yrs, 7st
71b .... (Daley) 2
Count Batthyany's Prince Plausible, 5 yrs, Bst 51b

Umpire, The Knave,
(G. Poidlam) 3
e:ll4°to 1 agst Ace of
,s
Gunner.
na
agstilar . TTwe ial
ai ge
..h r
Gardener,at
flag was lowered to an Clubs, 8 to 1 agst Prince Plausible, and 10 to 1 agst Win-
grave.
excel-
lent start. The favourite,. after running a few strides,
Gardener, Ti 3 he
te
tif
no Igll
Bw
ilaonlhOg a 1 flat
ol
went to the front, and with the Gunner, Umpire, and Ace
of Clubs lying up, came on with the running, Wingrave,
next the rails, heading the rear division, On rounding the
turn Gunner dropped back, and the leaders were joined by
At the second attempt tbe
Prince Plausible, Ace of Clubs, and Wingrave, who waited
to half-way in the distance; Gardener was in trouble, and
Prince Plausible assumed the command, but dying away
at the enclosure, Wingrave took up the running, and won
cleverly by a length ; a neck between the second and third.
Gardener finished a bad fourth, Umpire fifth, an interval
of some lengths separating them from The Knave and
Twilight, the laet three being Gunner, Balham, and Tease
me-not.
The Horton Stakes of 5 sovs each, With
30 sovs added, for
2-yr-olds and upwards. Weights for age, with optional
selling weights. New T.Y.C. Three quarters of a mile.
5 subs.
Baron Niviere's Dirt Cheap, 3 yrs (£10), 7st 101 b
(Hunter) 1
Mr. R. Wales's Dinah filly, R
- yrs (£4O), 7st 101 b
(Reeves) 2
Mr. Brayley's Surbiton Hill, 4 yrs (L4O), 9st
(A. Cowley) 3
Mr. Morris's Andromeda, 2 yrs (X4O), 6st 71b
(Mordan) 4
Betting-5 to 4 sgst Dirt Cheap, 2to 1 sgst Surbiton
Hill, and 4 to 1 eget the Dinah filly.
Won cleverly by a length and a half ;
half a length be-
tween the second and third ; bad fourth,

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.—A Foreign Secretary who has to explain
to merchants that their ships and cargoes are rea-
sonably detained, perhaps lawfully condemned,
must needs have a difficult lash. Besides that it le
by no means agreeable to lose out of hand, with ex-
penses besides, and much insult into the bargain,
what was computed to be worth £lOO,OOO had the
enterprise prospered, the Englishman has a special
difficulty in understanding how this can be eceord-
ing to law. Our own law between one British sub.
Jed end another, the administration of that law, and
all our legal notions are proudly national, They are
in the spirit of our Constitutioc, and are supposed,
with good reason, to represent the moral peculiari-
ties of a free and liberal race of men. The indivi
dual here has a larger measure of liberty than any-
where else in the world—at least, in his relations to
the State; much is left here to public opinion
which elsewhere is rigorously enforced by law ;
everybody is assumed to be innocent till proved to
be guilty ; we give the accused every chance, and
give him an early, quick, and final adjudication.
It is almost needless to add that the tribunal is
without suspicion, and they that enforce the law or
lay it down are faultless and disinterested. When a
Liverpool merchant sends a valuable cargo across
the Atlantic to Nassau or Matamotas, he finds him-
self in an entirely new region. The ship is over-
hauled and searched, before even it can be sus-
pected, in quest of possible grounds for suspicion.
When the closest search has not elicited anything
more than grounds for suspicion, the ship is
carried to a port far out of its course, and kept
there any length of time, till the owners,
at great cost and inccevenience, shall have
proved that the ship anci the cargo were not so much
as intended for the blockaded or the belligerent port
in question. If in the opinion of the court the ship
or the cargo were destined for that port, even
though they have only a moral certainty, the ship
and cargo are condemned, end there is an end of
the matter. The owners lose ship and cargo, and
are not a little aggravated. Nothing can be more
contrary to all their notions of law. They have no
respect for the captors, having probably supplied
them, perhaps being still engaged in supplying
them, with munitions of war to any amount. It is
the mere accident of superior force which enforces
the alleged law in one case and secures its syste-
matic infraction in the other. The same belligerent
maintains a strict blockade with the right hand and
holds out the left for contraband of war. It is but
too natural that the British merchant should ex-
pect the scales of justice to be weighted at Key
West. The judgment has been pronounced without
one tangible proof. What is worse than all, the
merchant k nows it to be founded on truth, but he
had taken a world of trouble, and gone to great cost
to disguise that truth, and that trouble and that cost
have been all thrown away. But the reason of the
case shows that the law cannot here be framed on
our principle of giving every chance to the accused
and requiring the most absolute proof from the ac-
cuser. The law must be set by the belligerent—
that is, the captors, who lay it down under strong
provocation to stretch the law, but also under great
inducements in the other direction. It is necessary
in their interest to stop the commerce of the enemy.
It is often, as in the present instance, the only way
in which they can effectually carry on a war which
they believe to be a war for self-preservation. If the
Federals cannot maintain the blockade they have
not a chance, for it is evident they are powerless
on land. The sea alone is their element. It is a fact
patent to all the world that commerce is not stopped,
and the blockade is run continually. Never was
there so much shipping in the Gulf of Mexico; never
as Nassau so lively ; never had Charleston itself
so brisk a trade. So many ships run the blockade
that it has been suggested there must be some un-
derstanding with the blockading squadron. No
doubt, however, the Government does its best, and
has good reason for so doing so. The American
Prize Courts, then, have good reason to push the
law to an extreme as regards the degree of evidence
on which the ultimate destination of a ship or cargo,
as well as the ownership, are to be proved. When
a man is engaged in mortal conflict he naturally
allows the instinct of self-defence to turn the scale.
On the other hand, the Courts have to consider,
first, that they do not pronounce so decidedly in the
face of facts and of law that they draw another
enemy down upon them ; and, secondly, that what-
ever law they lay down, or whatever precedent they
set, they will one day most assuredly have to accept
from another. The Federals must be well aware
they are fighting our battles as well as their own.
The time may arrive when we shall find ourselves
once more compelled to push to the utmost the rights
of maritime warfare. It will not, then, be safe to
bind ourselves to the doctrine that everything
may be permitted on land, even to the laying
waste of whole provinces, but that the sea is sacred
to commerce and peace, and must not be disturbed.
The sea is our element, and we must be jealous fur
its rights, of which we are the chief guardians.
These rights are as much in the interest of political
liberty as of free trade. We will not enter into the
merits of the several cases referred to in the House
of Lords, feeling pretty sure that the unfortunate
owners of the detained ships will have as much
attention and consideration as Lord Russell can
give them without sacrificing the national birth-
right. But there is one remark we beg leave to
make, and we do it because the owners apps ar so
entirely and unaffectedly innocent of the destination
ascribed to their ships and cargoes. It would be in-
teresting to know precisely what these cargoes are,
and whether they are such as would be naturally
sent to the ostensible destination in the ordinary
course of peaceful trade. In the case of a ship
suspected of the intention to run a blockade, it may
be that the cargo is itself very inoffensive, though
still not such as might be expected to be sent to
that part of the world. The character of the freight
must always be a most important element in the
question, and we do not remember to have seen it
stated with any particularity in any of these in-
stances. Indeed, as Lord Russell observed on Mon-
day, the question of fact is at issue, and where
there has been a decision the terms of the judg-
ment are not yet in our possession. England must
consider well and long before she takes up the
quarrel of a few traders who may be doing
what they know to be substantially contrary
to international amity and law, but who had flat-
tered themselves they were clever enough to cheat
hostile cruisers and Prize Courts. If those Courts
have their opinion, so also have we, and it is
possible we may agree with them in thinking the
cargoes are meant for a more exigent and more
populous community than the inhabitants of Ber-
muda or the Bahamas. We shall not go to war for
'a bad case or to avenge the injured innocence
of men engaged in a mercantile lottery. Their
gains we do not grudge. They are welcome
to all they can get by running the blockade.
:They have lost their regular trade, and have a
sort of right to try their hand at that which
fortune and war itself offers them. The Fede-
rals cannot impeach its morality. What we ask is
that they shall not drag the British flag into the
question before it is absolutely necessary. It is
good for something better than the protection of
smuggling ; and, after all, blockade-running by neu-
trals is no better. When there is a clear case of
gratuitous wrong, amounting to a national insult
and defiance, then we shall know what to say.

HERALD.—There is nothing more forgotten in
practice, and yet nothing truer, than the position
that the whole civilised world constitutes one great
family. The members may be far apart ; they may
have divided, and even antagonistic, interests for
the time, but no injury can accrue to the one with-
out impairing the fortunes of the others, in some
manner. The relations of mankind in our days are
brought into close connection. Commerce and
diplomacy, intelligence and enterprise, bind them.
Steam and electricity, and the wonderful march of
engineering improvements, make the great capitals
like the leading cities of the same country. We
may be said to look upon the battles of Europe.
Those of America are within a brief reach of us;
and the special correspondent brings the actual facts
in a series of graphic tableaux before our eyes. This
nearer intercommuication of modern society presses
on us with a heavy responsibility. There is no fair
excuse now for apathy. In former ages the awere isolated. The sea was dissociable, and forbade
communion. There was just and natural reason for
a selfish neutrality. The term, however much
in vogue now, does not belong to a humane and
Christian vocabulary. It is brutal to stand by
and see brothers tear each other's throats ; and
the nations of Europe cannot escape this censure.
We do not for the moment say that intervention
between power and power is always wise and
politic.
But we contend that the necessity, if any
for abstention, is barbarous, and must weighaainsi;E:
sin against a civilised epoch. Thestrugg
commandle taking
place now in America has every point to
our sympathy and pacific interference. It is before
us. We cannot shut our eyes from it. Day by day
messengers arrive with such a lively picture of the
whole conflict that we knaoffvvais
din more of its scenes and
actors than we do of the of outrhoeweensseaCitllinontryof.
Our best interests are concerned
this quarrel. Its continuance is silently revolution-