The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-15 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 15, 1863.

THE GAS LIGHT AND COKE COMPANY•
Office, Horseferry-road, Westminster,
14th Oct., 1863.
NTOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That a
Half-yearly GENERAL COURT of the Proprietors
of this Company will be held at this Office, en FRIDAY,
the 6th day of November next.
The Chair will be taken at Twelve o'clock precisely.
Notice is hereby also given, that at the same meeting. the
Annual Election of Auditors will take place; and, should a
Ballot be required, it will continue open for four hours from
its commencement.

By order.
JOHN ORWELL PHILLIPS, Secretary.

WILLIE, D-R. YES ; Another Lot of
PAPER DRAPERY. as the last, and some Patent
Safety ENVELOPES, from GRAINGER'S, 303, Holborn.

STAMP YOUR PAPER,
'ENVELOPES. INVOICES. &c., with JONESS'
PATENT PERCUSSION EMBOSSING PRESS.
The above would be found useful to youths at school for
embossing their Books, Drawings, Papers, &c. The Press
complete, with Plain Crest, Name, or Business Die, 9s. 6d.
Note the Address : —AV ILL I AM JONES, Die Sinker, Press
Maker, and Embosser, 3, Queen's-court, High Holborn (op-
posite Day and Martin's).

CELEBRATION of the TERCENTENARY of
the BIRTH of SHAKSPEARE, at Stratford-upon-
Avon. The Tercentenary Committee (of which Sir Robert
N. C. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.8.. is Chairman) are now receiv-
ing SUBSCRIPTIONS, and they may also be paid to the
account of the Tercentenary Committee, at the Stourbridge
and Kidderminster or Warwick and Leamington Banks,
Stratford-upon-Avon ; Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and
Greenway, Warwick ; or their London agents, Messrs.
Smith, Payne, and Co , Messrs. Hanburys and Co., or Messrs.
Glyn and Co., bankers, London.
The Tercentenary Committee, in submitting the subscrip-
tion list to the nation, most earnestly appeal to the admirers
of Shakspeare for their aid and assistance. The Committee
rest their claims upon the ground that Stratford is not only
the birthplace of Shakspeare. but the centre of attraction to
all admirers of the great Poet's works, and that it was his
home, the town he loved, and where he lived and died.

not only to avoid the dangers of the land, but the possibi-
lity of collision with another vessel. Bearing in mind the
judicious conduct of the master during several days on this
voyage while crossing the Banks, I am utterly at a loss to
account for the subsequent want of caution. But the safety
of the public demands that so grave a fault should be visited
by heavy censure, and should be followed by such a sec-
tence as shall mark the determination of the Court to pre-
vent, if possible, the recurrence of similar disasters. It is
my painful duty, therefore, with the full concurrence of my
assessors, to suspend the certificate of Mr. Andrew
\l•Master, for the period of 12 calendar months from the
date of this report,—l have, &c., - -

T. S. RArrLEs, Police Magistrate.
Liverpool, Oct. 10th, 1863.

IVe concur in this report,

Hy. I-1 A.RRI q Nautical Assessors.
It. B. BAK Eit', I

THE SOCIAL SCIENCE CONGRESS.

EDINBURGH, Wednesday.
DINNER OF THE ASSOCIATION.
At 6 o'clock the annual dinner of the association was
held in the Music-hall, and was attended by from 400 to
500 ladies and gentlemen. The chair was occupied by the
Right Hon. Lord Brougham, at whose right hand sat the
Lord Provost, the Lord Advocate, the Right Hon. Joseph
Napier, Lord Ardmillan, Mr. J. A. Lawson, Solicitor-
General of Ireland ; Professor Christison, Admiral Ramsay,
Mr. C. Cowan, Mr. H. Fawcett, and Professor Archer. On
the left were the Hon. Judge Longfield, Lord Neaves, M.
Gamier Pages, Mr. Sergeant Silo, Professor Douglas
Maclagan, Mr. Hastings, and Mr. Henry Brougham.
The Rev. Dr. LEE said gram and the Rev. Dr. ALLi-
ANDER returned thanks.

Lord BROUGHAM, who, on rising to give the first toast,
was loudly cheered, said,—l have very great satisfaction in
proposing "The health of her Majesty the Queen ;" and
I shall only repeat what I have said over and over again at
our festive and other meetings, that there never was a
monarch who better deserved the thanks of the people as
ruling strictly according to the Constitution. In the dis-
charge of all the duties of her eminent position she is an
example to all her subjects; and as a parent in bringing up
her family she is an example to all mothers. I have, there-
fore, great pleasure in proposing "Her Majesty the Queen."
(Loud cheers.)
Lord Bnou CUIAM, in giving the next toast, said—We have
drunk to the cause ; I have now to ask you to drink to the
effect—l mean the effect of the good education and the
admirable training by her Majesty and the late lamented
Prince Consort, who have brought up their family in such
a way as I believe no other family in their position were
almost ever educated. They say comparisons are invidious,
and therefore I shall neither, to find a contrast, go to former
times in this country, nor look abroad to other countries for
the state and the position of princes ; but I will give you at
once " The Prince and princess of Wales and the rest of
the Royal Family." We have had a sample of the Royal
family here during the congress—a most excellent young
prince—(loud applause)—and all who have associated with
him have expressed their admiration for his talents as well
as for his modesty. (Cheers.)
Lord BROUGHAM again rose and said—l have to trouble
you once more to ask you to offer your respect, your grati-
tude to our brave defenders by sea and land, the "Navy
and Army and Volunteers." (Applause.) Let no man sup.
pose that ho who rejoices in this great addition to our
national forces, the Volunteers, does so from any apprehen-
sion that the peace will be broken. (Hear.) Thank God I
there is every reason to count on a lasting peace. (Cheers,)
But that is no reason why the precaution ought not to be
taken of insurance. (Hear.) When a man insures his
house he does not expect a fire. He does not do it because
he thinks a fire probable. He knows that a fire may hap-
pen from the negligence of the people in his own house, or
from the negligence of the neighbours, or by the accident of
lightning. In short, he means to take security against it
happening, or rather to be secure of not loosing if it should
happen. Now, the Volunteers, or whatever else we do to
improve our national defences, are an insurance; but they
are an insurance far superior to our insurance against fire;
for when I insure my house against fire, I don't in the
slightest degree lessen the chances that a fire may happen,
I only make sure that if it does happen I shall not be a
loser. But improving our national defences not only secure
us against loss by invasion,if it should happen, but it makes
it very unlikely that that invasion should take place. (Loud
cheers.) The insurance is, therefore, of a double nature
and of a double value, because it not only prevents loss if
the mischief happens, but tends to prevent the mischief
from happening. (Loud Cheers.) I, therefore, gave you
" The Navy, Army, and Volunteers."
Admiral Raunay, Sir J. Alexander, and Lieutenant-
Colonel M‘Gregor successively replied to the toast.
The LORD-Pnovosr then gave " The National Associa-
tion and its President. He said,—It would be equally
beyond my ability and beyond the limits of one toast to
attempt that comprehensive allusion to all the varied and
lofty qualities which is due to the widely-honoured name of
Henry Brougham. If I did attempt it I should have to
speak of a career which for brilliant success, the application
of extraordinary powers of mind, for extended duration and
unabated vigour, has rarely, if it has at all been equalled in
the history of great public men. (Loud cheers.) Perhaps
not the least celebrated feature in the life of our noble Pre-
sident is that untiring determination to remain, while health
and strength permits, in full working harness; and it as-
suredly forms a noble record that, after a professional career
which has yielded every honour due to distinguished emi-
nence, after and amid the turmoil of parliamentary life, Lord
Brougham has devoted his great energies of mind to the
philanthropic objects of this association. (Loud cheers.)
Lord BROUGHAM, in reply, after expressing gratification
at the presence of the ladies, said—lt gives me great delight
to preside over such a vast assemblage as this—all members
or the friends of members of our great national association.
(Cheers.) Now I hear it carped at in different ways. One
objection is to the name " Social Science." We have heard
that cavil at our former meetings, and it has been renewed
on the present occasion.
Now, I can only say we did not in-
vent
the name. Upwards of 40 years ago Mr. Mill, a cele-
brated literary man, and author of a History of Egypt, and
father of John Stuart Mill
used the term " social science"
in one of his valuable essays, But the fact is, there can be
no doubt whatever of the meaning of the expression, and
of the nature of our pursuits.
(Hear.) Now, the delight
which I have in this institution and in its success is not
little. (Applause.) If
anybody ask—as those who carp at
the name ask—what does it do, I will not go into particu-
lars, but 1 take my stand on one name—the name of our
fellow-member Mr. Chadwick, and I say look to his great
and successful exertions in improving the sanitary condition
of our Indian arnay—luok at the improvements which
have arisen from his exertions at Liverpool, and after-
wards at Bradford. Look also at the great addition to
the education of the country by the adoption of the short
time process ; and I say that these two instances, and all
effected by this association, are quite enough to show how
useful, practically, we have been. (Cheers.) I have seen
very great exception taken to one or two things I stated in
my opening address, and
among other things exception is
taken to my having praised and recommended the Sisters of
Charity. It is said, But
You recommend Catholics; you
recommend the importation from France of Catholic Sisters
of Charity, who will immediately set themselves to prosely-
tise this country. My answer is this—that in the case of
Lady Georgina Fullerton and Miss Easton we did not im-
port Catholics from France or Ireland, for they aro our fel-
low-countrywomen, who happen to be Catholics, and. the
only person who came from France was the sister superior.
The rest are all English Catholics, and I have seen here to-
day some most worthy persons, Sisters of Charity also, who
come from France, and they are
Catholics, no doubt, but
they are Englishwomen and Seotchwomen who have been
settled in France, and have come back to this country. But
it is not to be supposed that I only praised or recommended
the Catholic sisterhood. I expressly pointed out Miss
fRe -
Brownlee Byron's Home 'lee for English Sisters of
Charity, and stated that they performed all the nursing at
the North London Hospital in connexion with University
College. (Applause.)
Ihave also got a letter from a man
connected with America, who tells me there is great excep-
tion taken on the part of the American newspapers in this
country to my differing with the United States Government
on the subject of this horrible war. It is said that I under-
rate and undervalue the emancipation of the slaves. I under-
value the emancipation of tea slaves I (Loud and pro-
longed cheers). why, have ll the advocates of slave
emancipation done half so much for the liberation of the
slave and the abolition of slavery as I myself have done ?
(Loud cheers.) At the very beginning of my Parliamentary
life it was signalized by the Act of 1811, the one which of
all the many Acts I have had a hand in passing gave me
the most real satisfaction, namely, the Act abolishing the
slave trade. Before the Act the slave trade was considered
a mere act of contraband, and was punished as contraband ;
and my act raised, or rather, sank it to its real denomina-
tion of a crime—and a bad crime—punishable by 14 years
transportation. (Cheers.) And that act effectually extin-
guished the slave trade in
.as far as British subjects
din it, Then, In 1830 or 1837 I shortened
were engage rticeship, ad occasiond the
the period of negrO App Ayes three orfour ye
arse before
complete liberation of the 8..
b 04CC. Then lmay add,
it otherwise would have taista...
:411 these' exertions, I
though it is a trifle as compared _
eve up a very
may add a very great personal sacrifice. Ib_ 4e in the
considerable estate in Barbadoea and a large este._ had
county of Durham, which a kind-hearted gentleman e.
left me by a will which he afterwards revoked on raY re- I
fusing to abstain fro- further proceedings for the libera-
-1
tion of the ele
-•wir-cs though he said in his letter in which he
called on u,. ' I assure you that your peasantry
on ws to
abstain.,ar
Barbadoes estate
are better off than your peasantryu to
te.." (A. laugh.) It was enough
on your Durham Proper -7
hear a having a good property
make 0110'S traAth Water to

in the county of Durham. I should not have valued the Bar-
badoes estate so much, but I declined taking the course he
desired, and sent him a copy of a report of my friend the
Duke of Richmond's committee of the House of Lords on
slavery, after which I ceased to have any correspondence
with that excellent proprietor, and a few years afterwards
he died, and no doubt his will was cancelled. (A laugh.)
I only state these things to show that for anybody to sup •
pose that I am slow, or unwilling, or hesitating on the ques-
tions of the abolition of negro slavery is really a most mon-
strous delusion. (Loud cheers.) All my efforts were to-
wards emancipation without violence—emancipation by
change of law and change of system,—and never did I lend
the slightest countenance to acts of violence against the
slaveholder. Much as I detest slavery,and much as I pitied
those who were its victims,--and I pitied among its victims
the masters as well as the slaves themselves—never did I
raise my finger or raise my voice for an instant in support
of any violent proceeding to effect their emancipation.
Consequently. when I heard of North America issuing a
proclamation to emancipate the slaves, I knew very well
before they confessed it that it was not for the sake of
emancipating the slave—(hear, hear)—but for the sake of
beating the whites. It was a measure of hostility, not
an act of emancipation, an a measure of hostility of the
most detestable kind, by raising an insurrection of the slaves
against their masters, which only the much-enduring nature
of the negro prevented from succeeding, so that the great
mischief that was intended against the whites did not take
place. (Hear, hear.) But I must beg your pardon for
having defended myself against so ridiculous a charge,
which could only have arisen from utter delusion. They
call out for the extermination of the whites, not in order to
liberate the blacks, but to restore the Union. (Cheers.) The
Union, and not the negro, is the object of the emancipation
proclamation, and to that proclamation, therefore, I could
not give any kind of support. It is a most unhappy contest,
most miserable in all respects, but I hope we shall continue
on the principle on which we have hitherto proceeded—of
interfering with neither party. (Cheers.) The Federals
are angry with us because we don't join with them, and the
Confederates are angry with us because we do not acknow-
ledge them ; but if we were to acknowledge them we should
only prolong this horrible and miserable contest. We have
nothing to do with either one party or the other. (Hear.)
We are bound to maintain our own independence of them,
and leave them to fight it out among themselves, only
heartilypraying that their fight may be as short as possible.
(Loud cheers.) Lord Brougham again rose and proposed
I, The Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council, and pros-
perity to the city of Edinburgh." (Loud cheers.).

UNAPPRECIATED GENIUS,

(Professor De Morgan in the Athenceum.)
Of the class of discoverers who square the circle, upset
Newton, &c., I suspect I know more than any man in
Britain. I never kept any reckoning ; but I know that one
year with another—and less of late years than in earlier
times—l have talked to more than five in each year, giving
more than 150 specimens. Of this lam sure, that it is my
own fault if they have not been 100. Nobody knows how
they swarm, except those to whom they naturally resort.
They are in all ranks and occupations, of all ages and char-
acters. They are very earnest people, and their purpose is
bona fide the dissemination of their paradoxes. A great
many—the mass indeed—are illiterate, and a great many
waste their means, and are in or approaching penury. But
I must say that never, in any one instance, has the quadra-
ture of the circle, or the like, been made a pretext for
begging ; even to be asked to purchase a book is of rare oc-
currence. These discoverers despise one another; if there
were the concerts among them which there is among
foreign mendicants, a man who admitted one to a con-
ference would be plagued to death. I once gave some-
thing to a very genteel French applicant, who overtook
me in the street, at my own door, saying
he had picked
up my handkerchief ; whether he picked it up in my
pocket for an introduction, I know not. But that day
week came another Frenchman to my house, and that
day fortnight a French lady ; both failed, and I had no
more trouble. The same thing happened with Poles. It is
not so with circle-squarers, &c.; they know nothing of each
other. Some will read this list, and will say lam right
h, generally speaking, but that there is an exception;
iefnlo
could but see it. Ido not mean, by my confession of the
manner
ug
in which I have sinned against the 21 hours, to hold
myself out as accessible to personal explanation of new
plans. Quite the contrary . I consider myself as having made
my report, and being discharged from further attendance on
the subject. I will not, from henceforward, talk to any
squarer of the circle, trisector of the angle, duplicator of the
cube, constructor of perpetual motion, subverter of gravita-
tion, stagnator of the earth, builder of the universe, &c. 1
will receive any writings or books which require no answer;
and read them when I please : I will certainly preserve
them; this list may be enlarged at some future time. There
are three subjects which I have hardly anything upon--as-
trology, mechanism, and the infallible way of winning at
play. I have never cared to preserve astrology. The me-
chanists make models, and not books. The infallible win-
ners—though I have seen a few—think their secret too
valuable, and prefer mutare quadrate rotundis—to turn dice
into coin—at a gaming-house; verily they have their re.
ward. I shall now select, to the mystic number seven, in-
stances of my personal knowledge of those who think they
have discovered, in illustration of as many misconceptions,
1. Attempt by help of the old philosophy, the discoverer
not being in possession of modern knowledge.—A poor
schoolmaster in rags, introduced himself to a scientific
friend with whom I was talking, and announced that he had
found out the composition of the sun. " How was that
done 2—By consideration of the four elements."—"What
are they?"—Of
course, fire, air, earth, and water."—Did
you not know that air, earth, and water have long been
"
known to be no elements at all, but compounds ?"—" What
do you mean, sir ? Who ever heard of such a thing P"
2. The notion that difficulties are enigmas, to be over-
come in a moment by a lucky thought.—A nobleman of
vary high rank, now long dead, read an article by me on the
quadrature, in an early number of the Penny Magazine. He
had, I suppose, school recollections of geometry. He put
pencil to paper, drew a circle, and constructed what seemed
likely to answer, and, indeed, was—as he said—certain, if
only this bit were equal to that; which of course it was not.
He forwarded his diagram to the Secretary of the Diffusion
Sooiety, to be handed to the author of the article, in case
the difficulty should happen to be therein overcome.
3. Discovery at all hazards, to get on in the world.—
Thirty years ago, an officer of rank, just home from foreign
service, and trying for a decoration from the Crown,
found that his claims were of doubtful amount, and was
told by a friend that so and so, who had got the order, had
the additicnal claim of scientific distinction. Now this offi-
cer, while abroad, had bethougnt himself one day that there
really could be no difficulty in finding the circumference of
a circle ; if a circle were rolled upon a straight line until the
undermost point came undermost again, there would be the
straight line, equal to the circle. He came to me, saying
that he did not feel equal to the statement of his claim in
this respect, but that if some clever fellow would put the
thing in a proper light, he thought his affair might be man-
aged. I was clever enough to put the thing in a proper light
to himself, to this extent at least, that though perhaps they
were wrong, the advisers of the Crown would never put the
letters K.C.B. to such a circle as his.
4. The notion that mathematicians cannot find the circle
for common purposes.—A working man measured the alti-
tude of a cylinder accurately, and—l think the process of
Archimedes was one of his proceedings—found its bulk.
He then calculated the ratio of the circumference to the
diameter, and found it answered very well on other modes
of trial. His result was about 3.14. He came to London,
and somebody sent him to me. 1 happened to have on the
table a proof-sheet of the Astronomical Memoirs, in which
were a large number of observed places of the planets com-
pared with prediction, and asked him whether it could be
possible that persons who did not know the circle better
than he had found it could make the calculations, of which
I gave him a notion, so accurately. He was perfectly
astonished, and took the titles of some books which he said
he would read.
5. Application for the reward from abroad.—lslany years
ago, about 28, I think, a Jesuit came from South America,
with a quadrature, and a cutting from a nesyspaper, an-
nouncing that a reward was ready for the discovery in Eng-
land. On this evidence ho came over. After satisfying
him that nothing had ever been offered hero,
discussed his
quadrature, which was of no use. I succeeded better when
I told him of Richard White, also a Jesuit, and author of a
quadrature published before 1618, under the name of " Chry.
szospis," of which I can give no account, having never
seen it. This White (Albius) is the only quadrator who
was ever convinced of his error. My Jesuit was struck by
the instance, and promised to read more geometry—he was
no Clavius before ho published his book. He relapsed,
however, for I saw his book advertised in a few days. I
may say, as sufficient proof of my being no collector, that I
had not the curiosity to buy this book ; and my friend the
Jesuit did not send me a copy,which ho ought to have done,
after the hour I had given him.
6, Application for the reward at home.—An agricultural
labourer squared the circle, and brought the proceeds to
London. He left his papers with me, one of which was
the copy of a letter to the Lord Chancellor, desiring his
lordship to hand over forthwith £1,000,000, the amount
of the alleged offer of reward. I returned his papers, with a
note, stating that he had not the knowledge requisite to see
in what the problem consisted. I got for answer a letter in
which I was told that a person who could not see that he
- lone the thing should "change his business, and ap-
bad " his time and attention to a Sunday school, to learn
propriate _ and keep the iitie children from darting
what he coula •-a recived a letter from a friend of the
their close." I a►e.
ae that I knew his friend had sue-
' quadrator, informing
sa to, these letters were
I ceeded, and Lad been 4%01,‘5y