The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-03 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 3, 1863

who
Windsor, and saw a new
invitation I went down to
ly by the people who supported
building raised entire
was after this fashion.
is also a teacher at the school at Eton. At his
the school. The school
wild songs, and not, if I may use the phrase, black-
guardbut they played the whole of the
tunes;
Within the children were singing, not ballads, not
41 messiah" of Handel, and sang the great parts of
that great work. I went down afterwards and saw
ai
band of volunteers out of the school, who marched
a building underneath, for it happened to be
bad weather, and a finer set of young fellows I never
saw. They were all working men's Children, the
sons of railway porters, the sons of farm labourers,
the eons of servants—they Were all the sons of work-
ing men, and these boys were as thoroughly gentle-
manly in their manners as any of the young gentle-
' men at Eton. I never enjoyed a day of more happi-
ness than the day I beheld that school. Mr. Ottery
told me that one of our consuls at a port in the
Mediterranean wanted a servant, and he sent him
one of the boys out of his school. No sooner had the
gentleman got him over, than he said, "This boy
can do a great many things; I will make him my
secretary." Soon afterwards the secretary wrote to
Mr. Ottory to send him another boy out for his ser-
vant, and, accordingly, another boy was sent out,
and thus became the servant of his fellow-scholar.
(Applause.) Now, this is a proof that education does
not simply mean the education of the intelligence,
but the boy's manner, his ,e hole character, to make
him so that his master, like the consul, could
trust him in any real difficulty, or in anything of a
serious character—trust him, in fact, sufficiently to
Ali, make him his secretary. But, Sir, I do not adduce
this as a thing that may happen to a great number
of people, but 1 adduce it to show that the kind of
teaching at that school made the man in all his
thoughts, his feelings, his way of dealing, a gentle-
man, although he was but a labourer's son. Now,
Sir, I have here a report which contains a series of
evidence which I wish you to read, and if you will
permit me I will place it in your hands, as I think
it will be of great use to you in your important
undertaking, which I am now endeavouring to aid.
I have made a great number of extracts, but I will
not trouble yon with them. There are, however,
one or two which I should like to read. It is the
evidence of persons who are really engaged in the
week of education. One extract is the evidence of
the schoolmaster of a district workhouse in North
Surrey, and to this statement I wish particularly to
call your attention and the attention of my young
hearers present. The question put to him is," What
has your experience of military drill been in mental
and bodily drill ?" The answer is, " The effect of
military drill will best show itself by its discontinu-
ance. In 1857 the drill master's services were dis-
pensed with by the guardians. The consequence
was to make the school altogether another place.
In six months we lost £2OO in wear and tear of
clothing, breaking of utensils, breaking of windows,
pulling up grating, spoiling the wails; in fact, a
spirit of insubordination pervaded the house. In the
workshcp they were insubordinate, arid the master
shoemaker and master tailor called upon me to
coerce these boys. This state of things induced
the guardians to reinstitute the drill, and the
school then changed back again, the ordinary
behaviour was resumed, and they were all kindly
and well disposed." Now, Sir, I ask you to look
at that fact ; I think it will give much important
and useful information. Well, what conclusion
do I draw from these observations ? It is this,
—that there is no man among us so poor but
that he is able to send his child to school, and
i to send him for a sufficient time
to learn that
which by his system can be gained. IV hen you
came to read that report you will find that man
fitter man, schoolmaster after schoolmaster Bar—
;
take a child to a well instituted infant school, teach
?
it to read, teach it to write, and give it all other
elementary instruction; well, suppose the child
in the school till he is seven years of age, which '3
a long period for an infant school, at the age of ten
he will have received an indelible education ; he
will have received the means of enjoyment through
life; his whole frame of life will be so fashioned
that he will be industrious and civilised. This, sir,
seems to me a most eneouraging and cheering thing;
it shows that we have driven away a mass of ignu
rance and folly which before obstructed us in our
work of education. (Hear, hear.) Now, sir, I will
address myself to the gentry around me; but I fear
my voice will not reach many of them, but it it
should, I hope they will listen to my voice
'iv"cn I
say they may be among the great teachers of the
people. It is not sufficient to instruct a man in
reading, writing, and arithmetic. If you leave him
there, you merely put the i into his
instruments
hands that may make him more
mischievous
than ho was before. What you have to do when
you give them these instruments is to fashion them
properly, and especially his manners, and then,
after you have given him these instruments' you
launch him upon the stream of life, and 110 a is
sure to find a safe and happy harbour. Now, Jr'
one of those teachers says he always persuades
ladies to visit his school. Their manners,
their
behaviour are looked upon
by the children—and
what so observant as a child ? They look on what
passes around them and see the
great beauty of
good manners. If you compare the manners of an
educated man—and I use the word largeiy—and
those of an uneducated man, is not the one gentle,
kind, and good natured—is he not the life and plea-
sure of the society in which he lives ? Is not the
other cruel, morose, selfish? There is
difference between the uneducated man and
a man like Newton. What a difference we
can make in this respect ! It is within our hands,
we have the means within
grasp, gra,
andno greater
it lies
more with the gentry of this country to per-
vade with their kindness of manner and tenderness
of feeling the working
classes around them. It be-
hoves them to do this ; it is their duty to do this.
Now, sir, I dare say this may be called very
radical
talking ; if so I cannot help it • I believe it to be
true, I believe it to be wise.
(Cheers.)
I can say,
sir, in conclusion—for I fear I have spoken too long
that they
have the greater means because they
are wealthy,
—(cries of "Go on")—that it is not simply
but they have great!
111.21 means by means of their ex-
ample. If they were to ;
more with the labour-
ing classes—and where better than in the school ?
--
if they were tomix More with and take more
interest in the existence of their fellow men who
live around them, their
presence would be as the
sun shining upon the cold earth, bringing up and
vivifying the seed that
is within it. Now, sir, I
fear that what I may say may appear wild and ex-
travagant and fanciful--that I anticipate the things
never occur; but I am sure the time will
m
—though I shall not live to see it—the time
will be that place which I
i
e
cwtnhoialmit may
come when England
my imagination can see, when all the people will
be instructed, when all the people will be well man-
nered, when we shall be really
England will exhibit a spectacle to the world
that the world will admire, and while admiring
emulate. (Loud cheers.) a band of brothers,
when le

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SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

NEWMARKET FIRST OCTOBER MEETING.

FRIDAY.

Handicap Sweepstakes of 10 sovs each, h ft, for 3-yr-olds
and upwards, T.Y.C. 13 subs.

Mr. Jackson's Lady Louisa, 5 yrs, Oat 51b.... (Aldcroft) 1
Mr, Payne's Merry Maid, 4 yrs, sst 121 b (J. Grimshaw) 2
Mr. Fleming's Cadiz, 3 yrs, 6st 111 b.... (A.. Woodhouse) 3
The following also ran :—Lizzie, .2E tna , Farce, Creole,
Canzonette, Vindictive, and Wild Duck.
Betting-4 to 1 agst Merry Maid, 100 to 15 each agst
Cadiz, Creole, and Lady Louisa, and 8 to 1 agst Wild
Duck.

Vindictive, on the extreme right, made play, closely
attended by the favourite, Cadiz, Will Duck, and Canzo-
nette to the cords, when Merry Maid quitted her horses and
came on with a decided lead, which she retained to within
a few strides of the chair. Aldcroft then came on with a
rush, and won in the last stride by a head ; there were
three lengths between the second and third; Wild Duck
was fourth, and Canzonetto next.
_ _ _

Sweepstakes of 30 soya each, h ft. for 2-yr-old fillies, Sst
71b each. Winners extra. T.Y.C. 14 subs,

Count F. de Lagrange's Fille do I'Air, 9st 61b (in 71b ex.)
(A. Watkins) 1
Mr. G. Bryan's Woodcraft, 9st (in. 71b extra) .. (Lynch) 2
Mr. Watt's Gondola, Bst 71b (Challoner) 3
Mr. Bowes'eTheobAlda, Bst 7th (car. Bst 81b) (Alderoft)
Mr. G. Bryan's Lady Hylda. 9:4 (in. 7lb ex.) (Custance) 5
Baron Nivi6re's Jeanne d'Albret, Bst 71b (Hunter) 6
Betting-6 to son Fille de I'Air, 4to 1 agst Gondola,
and 5 to 1 agst Lady Hylda.
After three failures they left the post in a line, and ran
thus for a short distance, when Lady Hylda went to the
front and made the running for the first 200 yards, where
sho was headed by Jeanne d'Albret, who carried it on to
the cords, where the favourite came out, and won in a
canter by three lengths ; three-quarters of a length between
second and third ; a bad fourth,
Sweepstakes of 30 soya each, 20 ft, for 2-yr-olds ; colts, Bst
101 b ; fillies, Bst 81h; maidens allowed 41b. First half of
Ab. M. Ten subs.

Count Batthyany's Midnight Mass, Bst 101 b (Custance) 1
Lord Stamford's Brindisi, Bst 61b (Edwards) 2
Bacon Rothschild's Lady Hawthorn filly, Bst 4lb
(J. Daly) 3
gr. Naylor's Audacieuse, Bst 4lb
Mr. J. H. C. Wyndham's Queen Fastrada, Bst 41b
(F. Adams) 3

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.—With the exception of the siege of Vicks-
burg, the incidents of the Civil War that have
marked the conflict in the West and the region
verging on the great Valley of the Missiseippi have
hitherto excited less attention than they deserved.
Even in America the distance of the scene of opera-
tions from the great cities of the East seems to have
lessened the interest with which the military mote-
meats in Tennessee were followed. The campaigns
in Virginia, the euccessiefe advances on Richmond,
and the battles on the Rapidan and the Potomac
have appsared to constitute almost the whale of the
war. But since the Confederate army retreated
from Maryland to its old line of defence, holding it
in strength sufficient to reduce General Meade and
the Federal force to inaction, indications have not
been wanting that the next blow would be struck
in the West. In the State of Tennessee General
Rosecrans, with the Army of the Cumberland, has
been gradually approaching the Confederate force
commanded by General Bragg in the direction of
Chattanooga. Here a position described as capable
of being easily held against a strong attack was
abandoned by the Confederates, and the point thus
gained was considered in the North not only as a
decided advantage, but a proof of growing weakness
on the part of the Confederates in that quarter.
The occupation of Chattanooga, in fact, was sup-
posed to be nearly equivalent to a victory, as the
position would have been worth a battle to force.
If there were good reasons why the Confederates
should have held it so long, it appears there were
better for abandoning it. The retreat of General
Bragg must have drawn Rosecrans on to less ad-
vantageous ground, or enabled the Confederate
General to effect a junction with expected reinforce-
ments. His movement on Lafayette was suddenly
changed into an advance and attack, and another
great battle, fought through two days, has resulted
in the defeat of the Federal army, with a loss at
present estimated at 12,000 men. The battle has
not yet received a name, but the field of the
engagements was on one of the numerous small
streams that abound in the northern part of the
State of Tennessee, called Chicamanga Creek. The
whole region is mountainous, thickly wooded, and
intersected by rivers. The Cumberland unites with
the Tennessee, and the waters of both combined
form one of the tributaries that fall into the Mis-
sissippi on its eastern bank. The details of the ac-
tion are very imperfect, their brevity not being com-
pensated by clearness of description. But as all the
particulars given appear to be derived from de-
spatches received from the head-quarters of the
Federal army, and must have passed through the
War-office at Washington to New York, we may
safely assume they do not exaggerate the disaster
Gen. Rosecrans has sustained. We may rather
anticipate that his defeat has been more decided and
his loss greater than these first accounts describe.
In New York the intelligence was received with a
feeling of despondency, increased by the hopes
founded on the recent gleams of success. The ex-
planations by which the Ministerial journals are
endeavouring to put " the best possible colour" on
the result of the battle have not had much effect.
The official assurances that Rosecrans will soon be
sufficiently reinforced to resume the offensive
" bring no comfort to' the minds of the people."
They cannot but remember that the greater army of
Gen. Meade, after a success, is checked and held in-
active on the north bank of the Rapidan by Gen.
Lee. In such cases the very necessity of explana-
tion is ominous. Decided advantages soon explain
themselves, but the full extent of a defeat is brought
out more slowly. The nature of bad news affects
the teller, and the official party in the North can-
not boldly encounter the political discredit with
which its military failures are always visited. Tak-
ing into consideration the movements of the Confe-
derates, known or surmised, which preceded this
battle in Tennessee, we infer that the Federal com-
mander has been defeated by superior strategy
rather than by mere fighting. It is evident that
the Federal troops contested the field obstinately.
They rallied when broken, formed again, and re-
newed the engagement repeatedly. They seem to
have done all that bravery and determination
could effect. But the greater skill of the Confede-
rate generals in combining the force which made
the attack insured them the victory. While Burn-
Hide was still on his march to join Rosecrans
General Bragg had received reinforcements both
from the East, the West, and the South. Gen. Lee
had skilfully kept the " Army of the Potomac" in
check on the Rapidan, white he detached Lon gstreel,
into Tennessee. Gen. Meade and the other Federal
commanders either did not suspect the movement
or could not prevent it. From several different points
and from great distances the Confederate Army of
the West was reinforced, all tLe combinations were
made with rapidity, and completed soon enough to
enable them to attack with advantage. The battle
was over, and the troops of Rosecrans broken and
driven back, with the heavy loss announced, while
Burnside was still on the road to the field with a
torte of 30,000 men. The action began on the 19th,
and he had not effected his junction with Rosecrans
on the evening of the 21st. We expect to hear that
the Federals on the 19th found themselves in the
presence of superior numbers, and that the chances
were against them from the beginning of the en-
gagement. But to bring a greater force to bear on
the point of attack is exactly the object to be
attained if possible. To secure such an advantage is
the best proof of the skill of a commander. Account-
ing for a defeat by pleading that the enemy brought
the greatest numbers into the field is only a mode of
acknowledging that the beaten General has been
out-mac oeuvred. In the tactics which strengthened
Bragg's force sufficiently to enable him to take the
offensive against an army to which he had aban-
doned a strong position we may recognise the ability
of Gen. Lee. The movement of the necessary bodies
of troops over such an immense extent of country
must have been conducted with great skill. The
delay or loss of a few days would evidently have
given time for Burnside to join the main army of
the Federals. But the time was exactly hit, and the
Confederates defeated the troops of one General
while the force of another was at a useless distance.
It is not yet certain that the army of Burnside him-
self is safe from attack, as considerable anxiety was
felt at New York on the 23d lest he should be in-
tercepted. It is already stated that the Government
at Washington is more responsible for this defeat
than the military commanders. The Cabinet is said
to have directed the operations, and that the Gene-
rals were fettered by its orders. A " searching
investigation" into the causes of the failure is de-
manded that the responsibility may be thrown on
the real authors of the disaster.
POST.—The military operations which the Fede-
rals have been hitherto conducting in the West
with much apparent success have at length received
a decided check. It would seem to be one of the
peculiarities of the great civil war that neither of
the belligerents should be permitted for any pro-
tracted period to follow the path of victory. One
month the Northern armies are engaged in the work
of invasion, and the following one their energies are
exclusively devoted to resisting the aggression of
their adversaries. Victory alternates with defeat,
and the fruits of one campaign are lost in that
which immediately succeeds it. It is our duty now
to chronicle another of those battles, so frequent in
this disastrous war, in which the slain are numbered
by many thousands ; and on this occasion, as on so
many others, Fortune has smiled on the Confede-
rate arms. A pitched battle has been fought on
the borders of Tennessee and Georgia; and, so far
as we can judge from the accounts which have
reached us, the Federal army has sustained a sig-
nal defeat. Our information is derived exclusively
from Northern sources, and when we find the press
of New York unreservedly admitting that a disas-
ter has been sustained which has neutralised the
effects of a campaign hitherto spoken of as pre-emi-
nently successful, it is reasonable to conclude that
the reverse which has fallen on the Northern arms
is of no trifling kind. It is not a little curious
that on so many of the occasions on which the
armies of the rival Confederation have come in
collision on the battle-field, that those of the
Southern should have almost invariably proved
victorious. The South has sustained many serious
reverses, but they have consisted chiefly in the loss
of towns and fortified places. Military engineers
maintain, and with truth, that it is a mere ques-
tion of time when the strongest fortress, if closely
besieged, will fall ; and although in the capture of
Vicksburg and Port Hudson the Confederacy suf-
fered two of the heaviest blows yet inflicted on
it, it did not on that account lose any of the
prestige which the valour of its troops, oven
more than their victories, had done so much to
acquire. Near Chattagoona, in Tennessee, on the
19, II and 20th of September, the Confederate army
under the command of Bragg, by the pertinacity
with which it fought, as well as by the success
which rewarded its efforts, sustained in every re-
spect the reputation so dearly purchased on so many
battle-fields by their brothers-in-arms in Virginia,
Maryland, and Pennsylvania. With the meagre
details at present at our command it is not easy to
form a clear idea of the engagement,
alone is unequivocally recorded. Twhose result
he Northern
forces appear to have been posted on.the south de
n
of a creek named Chickamauga' which. flows icints
westerly direction into the Tennessee river ; a
the rear of the Federal army, and to the south o.t its
position, lay the village of Chattanooga, to which
finally General Rosecrans found it expedient to re-
treat. The army of Burnside was, at the time the
battle was fought, reported to be in the neighbour-
hood of Knoxville, a town about a hundred miles
distant from Chattanooga, but connected with it by
the Eastern and Virginia Railway. The eig age-
went commenced on the 19th, and on that nay at-
tended with no decieiye result, was resumed at a