The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-25 00:00:00

N, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 25, 1863.

ter. Information was, however, sent to the commissioners,
and they ordered him to be discharged from the Exhibition
altogether. He endeavoured to procure employment but
could not, as wherever he went it was bruited about that he
was a returned convict, and at length he had no alternative
but to return to a course of crime. It was with him a matter
of necessity not of choice,and it was hoped that his lordship
would see reason to give him another chance.
The officer of the House of Correction,C. B. Fields, in at-
tendance, proved that the prisoner had 3 months in 1849,
and 6 months in 1850. In 1850, too, he was tried and ac-
quitted, and besides there was no doubt h 3 had 18 months,
but that could not be clearly madeout.
Sergeant Holmes, F, stated that the prisoner was sen-
tenced in this court, in 1852, to 7 years' transportation,and
in 1856 to 6 years';servitude.
Mr. Orridge said, as allusion had been made to the Coln-
mi3sioners with respect to their dismissing such a person as
the prisoner from their building, a man who had been twice
sentenced to severo terms of punishment, it was only an act
due to themselves and the public. The facts were these :-
3. Huggett, the City detective, was on duty at the Bank of
England, when the prisoner was pointed out to him as a
person who had presented for payment a £2O note which had
been:stopped ;:and on being questioned about it,he said he was
a bullion dealer, in King-street, Soho, and that he had given
full value for the note in Prussian thalers. The officer then
said he should take him into custody to King-street, and
upon hearing that the prisoner said that it would be of no
use, as he did not live in Soho. He said to the officer, "You
had better take the £2O, and let me go. I'll walk beside
you, and can get away quietly. and you need take no notice
of it; make your own bargain." Huggett said he should
do nothing of the kind, and the prisoner then pulled out
of his pocket and handed to him a bag, saying, " Well,
then, take that." It contained £l2O stock. The statement
that he lived in King-street was false, and he refused to give
a correct address. The prosecutor was a skin dealer in
Crown-court, Soho, and on the eveningof Wednesday week
he had a large amount of money in notes, £3lO, with him.
He got drunk and was robbed. He got a cheque for that
amount cashed at the bank in April, and it was supposed
that the prisoner and some of his companions having ascer-
tained that he carried this money with him took the oppor-
tunity afforded by his being drunk to rob him.
Mr. Lewis said a great part of the property had been re-
covered. .

Huggett—There's about £220 missing,
The learned Judge said the Exhibition Commissioners in
his opinion did quite right in refusing to allow a person of
the prisoner's character to continue in the Exhibition, after
they became aware of what that character was.
The prisoner begged for another chance. Ha would have
worked honestly and hard for his living, but he could not
get employment as it was always "put about" that he had
been transported.

Lockyer, the gaol officer, said the prisoner was a tailor
by trade, and a very excellent workman he was.
The learned Judge said the Court had well considered the
whole of the circumstances brought under its notice, and
the sentence upon him was that he be kept in penal servi-
tude for the term of four years.
John Thomas, 30, labourer, was indicted for embezzling
17s. 6d., the money of Wm. Howard, his master.
The prisoner pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to nine
months hard labour.

Several cases of embezzlement were disposed of in which
various punishments were awarded, and it was remarked
that such offences were on the increase, and his lordship said
they were very serious, and would be punished accordingly.
Walter Florence, 30, was indicted for feloniously break-
ing and entering a certain warehouse with intent to steal
certain property therein.
The prosecutors were Messrs. Bramston and Co., water-
proofers, of York-road, King's-cross, and the prisoner was
found in their warehouse, having got through a window,
the shutter of which was bat partly up, and the window
glass broken.

The Jury found him Guilty, and he was then charged
with two former convictions.
Sergeant Gould, 40 N, proved that the prisoner had been
sentenced to four and six years' penal servitude.
The prisoner said it was false; he never had the four
years at all.

The officer said that the prisoner persisted in that denial
before the raagistrate and in consequence he had caused
the warder who had him in charge to be in attendance. The
prisoner was then in the name of Charles Flate, but his real
name was Charles Dent.
Thos. Charlesworth, the warder, was then called. He
said the prisoner was received into Pentonvillo from Mill-
bank, and he was there under his charge some months, and
he had good reason to know it.
The prisoner still denied the conviction.
The warder said that there was a mark on one of the pri-
soner's arms—an indelible one, he believed—and if the pri-
soner was the man, the mark would be his real name, which
was Charles Dent. _ .

The prisoner evinced no inclination to bare his arm, and
said nothing further.
The learned Judge sentenced the prisoner to six years'
penal servitude.

(Before 1k1;. Payne.)
Wm. Holmes Sumner, 43, clerk, was indicted for fraudu-
lently obtaining, by false pretences, the sum of Is. from
Robert Chambers, the sum of ss. from Charles K. Wild,
and the sum of os. r from Robert Marnoch, with intent to de-
fraud them of the said sums ; also endeavouring, by a false
pretence, to obtain money from Robert Prance, with intent
to defraud him of the same.
The prisoner pleaded Guilty to the whole of the indict-
ments.
Mr.
Ue
appearednw n
on
appeared for the prosecution, and stated
behalf the Metropolitan Drinking
Fountains Association, upon which a number of frauds had
bee; committed by the prisoner and other persons, by going
e rdo
about to different gentlemen representing that they were
authorised to receive subscriptions on behalf of the Drinking
Fountains Association. In many cases they had succeeded,
but he wished it to be made known that no person, with the
exception of the secretary and one clerk, holding the autho-
rity of the secretary, was authorised to receive any subscrip-
tions on the part of the association.
James Fryer, officer of the Mendicity Society, said the
prisoner bad made application to a Miss Porter for subscrip-
tions. He petitioned the society last February for relief.
Mr. Prance, a magistrate, said his servant brought a mes-
sage to him intimating that prisoner had come from
clergyman in the district soliciting subscriptions on behalf
of the Drinking Fountains Association. He mentioned the
name of a Mr. Dixon, but knowing that gentleman was out
of town he made some further inquiries. He had his sus-
picions aroused, and told prisoner that if he would accom-
pany him to the police station and there make his statement
clear he would'then subscribe to the list he presented, Upon
going outside he mentioned at the same time the name of
another gentleman as having sent him, whom he (Mr.
Prance) knew had been confined to his bed for many weeks
They walked a short distance, when the prisoner stopped
and made a dash at the pocket of witness, in which he had
placed the pocket-book containing the different entries. A
scuffle ensued, and witness got the prisoner down upon the
pavement and called oat to his servants, who came to his
assistance. After some delay the prisoner was conveyed to
the station-house.

The book was produced, in which there were entries of
subscriptions for £l3 odd to the Drinking Fountains Asso-
ciation, and the prisoner remarked that they were all ficti-
tious and in his own handwriting.
Inspector Webb, S division, said he had been engaged in
making inquiries in reference to this case, and with respect
to the entries in the book, he said there were a number of
entries that formed no part of the present indictment. He
enumerated several sums set down in the book as subscrip-
tions, and these were all found to be fictitious. A Miss
Robins identified the prisoner as having received money
from her, and the secretary would also state that during the
last two months £22 Bs. had been received by the prisoner
on account of the association, not one farthing of which had
been accounted for.

Mr. John Lee, secretary to the Drinking Fountains As-
sociation, said the prisoner had formerly been in their ser-
vice, but had left about 18 mouths. He had no authority to
receive these sums, and he was aware that for some time
past frauds of this nature had been carried on to a very large
extent.

Inspector Webb said that while the prisoner was with a
former employer he was in the habit of writing begging
letters.

Mr. Payne said that while the prisoner was in the employ
of the association he had taken advantage of the position he
was in to rob the institution. The prisoner seemed to be very
bad, for he endeavoured, in the first instance, to obtain
money by fraudulent pretences from Mr. Prance, and then
endeavour to rob him of a book.
The prisoner entreated the mercy of the Court on account
of his nine children—from twelve years down to a baby
eleven months old.
Mr. Payne sentenced him to be imprisoned and kept to
hard labour in the House of Correcticn for twelve calendar
months.

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SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

SATURDAY REVIEW.—The brilliant assembly at
Frankfort has had all the success that might have
been expected. Its remoter political consequences
cannot be well estimated, but every one is alive to the
splendour of the pageant, to the interest excited by
so large a gathering of crowned heads, and to the
hopes awakened by a liberal and courageous
Emperor of Austria solemnly imploring Germany
to become, under his auspices, united, powerful, and
free. The meeting has been made more harmonious,
it less complete, by the absence of Kle King of
Prussia; and tho readiness which almost every
other German Prince has displayed to obey the
summons of the Emperor proves at once the influ-
ence of Austria and the general persuasion of Ger-
man Sovereigns that the Federal Government is
something too ridiculous, too lifeless, and too
impotent even for Germany. Nor is it easy to see
what step could have been taken more likely to
lead to real reform. It is true that the political
change which has come over Austria is still recent,
and the statesmen of Vienna can scarcely be
prepared to agree to all that the national party
asks for. But there must be a beginning; and
it is a great advantage that there should be a
basis of conciliation and agreement between the
princes of Germany and the leaders of reform. The
Congress that has assembled under the presidency
of the Emperor will not have finished its sitting
before a very different assembly meets at Frankfort,
and the leaders of the party that has proclaimed
National Union as its watchword will be gathered
there to discuss their policy, arrange their plans,
and promulgate their opinions. There is every
reason to suppose that they represent the convic-
tions and wishes of a large portion of the most honest,
patriotic, and sensible Germans; but it mast be as
evident to them as it is to the rest of the world that
Germany is not at present prepared to go with them
if the princes should offer a determined opposition
to their efforts. Hitherto they have been able to
count on the support of no prince except the Duke
of Saxe-Coburg Gotha, and the eagerness with
which that most persevering and ardent of German
reformers has favoured the present assemblage of
princes may be taken as a proof of his conviction that
the cause he has so much at heart will be promoted
by the sovereigns meeting the reformers half-way.
Had the Emperor of Austria continued to walk in the
old ways of Vienna statesmanship, and resisted the
movement for national union, nothing but a general
revolution, or the convulsion of war, could have
brought about such a change as the Liberals desire.
The step taken by the Emperor offers an opportu-
nity for attaining a reform that shall be peaceable
instead of violent, and gradual instead of sudden.
It is equally obvious that the course taken by the
Emperor is far preferable to that said to be advo-
cated by Prussia. The Cabinet of Berlin affects to
ground its unwillingness to join in the present
movement on the plea that the changes to be pro-
posed ought first to have been decided on by Pleni-
potentiaries from the chief German States. No
good could have come from a meeting of this kind,
which would not have been acted en by public
opinion, which would not have been under the eye
of Germany and Europe,and which would only have
been a battle-field for the sterile contests of Aus-

trim and Prussian jealousy. The Emperor, by
this formal and public gathering of Princes, and by
announcing the necessity of a more free and power-
ful political system, has given much more tangible
and trustworthy hopes of reform. A step has
been taken from which it would not be easy to re-
cede; and if Austria has the honour of taking it
alone, that is entirely the fault of Prussia.
TIMES.—Few persons anticipated two years ago
that the consumption of men would create an earlier
difficulty i❑ the American War tha❑ the consump-

tion of money. Such, however, is the fact. The
Federal States have incurred without a murmur a
debt of which the annual charge is little less than
tact of the public debt of Great Britain- They are
living upon a paper currency, and if they have not
as yet paid many taxes they have at any rate con-
sented to the imposition of heavy taxation. But
the financial aspect of the war appears to have
given them very little concern. Mr. Chase
manages the money-market with great dex-

terity-, and as there' is no difficulty at present
there is but slight anxiety for the future. Far
different, however, is the case with the supply of
men. Su prodigal has been the expenditure of life
tin both sides, but especially on the part of the
North, that the most desperate expedients are now
required for the reinforcement of the armies in the
field. Volunteering, Mr. Lincoln himself tells us, is
" palpably exhausted," recruits are no longer to be
purchased by bounties, and at length a nation which
prided itself, above all things, on the military orga-
nisation of its willing and indepsndent citizens finds

itself reduced, is the third pear of a war, to the ne-
cessity of a conseri2tion. So urgent, in fact are the

needs of the State that the President cannot wait

till the arrangements for the draught are properly
completed. The Governor of New York writes to
him, with a statement demonstrating the unfai r
and partial operation of the projected levy in
certain districts under his authority. Mr. Lincoln
cannot deny that the figures show something
wrong ; but he answers that he has no time to
rectify them. He will do the best that he can by
and bye, but at present the men must be pressed,
enrolled, and sent off to the depots without delay.
He does not pretend to deny that even the draught
itself may be of questionable legality; but that
point, too, must be left for future decision. At this
moment he must have the men. These confessed
necessities of the Federals contrast somewhat
strangely with the boasts of inexhaustible re-
sources in which they have indulged, but we can-
not be surprised at the results. Never, we presume,
in the history of civilised nations were men so
rapidly consumed as in this civil war. Volunteering
was not "exhausted" prematurely. Mr. Lincoln's
calls since the spring of 1861 have certainly exceeded
one million men. He began with 70,000; he rose pre-
sently to 700,000; and at very short intervals the de-
mands ware repeated. Unless, indeed, we assume
that one man out of every two in the Federal armies
has been killed or wounded, we must raise the aggre-
gate amount of their levies to numbers even greater
than we have suggested; for it seems to be beyond
question that half a million men, at least, have been
placed hors de combat since the war began. In the
intercepted correspondence of the Confederates
which was brought before our Government by the
Federal authorities themselves the losses of the
North are estimated at 349,500. But this was
twelve months ago, and all the carnage of Chancel-
lorsville and Gettysburg, to say nothing of the
incessant drain at Vicksburg, Port Hudson, Charles-
ton, and many other points, has to be brought to
account. Less than 500,000 the total can hardly
be, and that, indeed, was the ccmputation of our
correspondent in the South some six months ago.
The losses of the Confederates, even at that period,
were supposed to be 200,000, so that three quarters
of a million would be the lowest estimate of the
whole consumption. To form an adequate idea of
this prodigious drain let the reader remember our
own position in the Crimean war. The comparison
will be all the easier ecause the available resources
of the two countries are exactly alike. The
United Kingdom contains a population, as nearly
as possible equivalent to that of the Northern
and Southern States together—blacks included, so
that we had as good a stock to draw upon as the
Americans have had. Our army before Sebas-
topol was never, at any one time, 50,000 strong,
and yet the 27,000 casualties in that force were
enough to throw England into mourning and to
reduce the standard of the army for some time.
What would have been the case if ten or twenty
times that force had been in the field ? What
would have happened if 750,000 British soldiers
bad been killed or wounded in two years of war P
At this rate of consumption the American War
will soon literally become what some of its.
That
pro-
motersr desire—a war of extermination hat
phrase is a mere hyperbole in European stories,
but it will express only the bare truth in America.
President Lincoln alleges, as his reason for preci-
pitating the draught in New York, that President
Davis is " driving every able-bodied man he can
' meet into his ranks," end it is now reported that
the South, like the North,isdenrolling and arming
negroes. We cannot wonder
however much we maywlam er at the resolution,
lament it. At the begin-
ning of the war the
whole
ewhite population of
States could hardly
the Southern have contained
more than 1,000,000 or 1, 200 000 men of fight-
ing age. How many
deductions must be made
even from these figures before an effective total can
be reached we need not say, and yet the South must
have already raised at least 500,000 or 609,000 men,
of whom 250,000 have
fallen. The negroes in the
South are just halfabouttas numerous as the whites,
so that this expedient will add 50 per cent. to their
resources. It shows, however, the desperate nature
of the struggle when we see such a measure adopted.
Nothing but the very sternest resolution and direst
reed would have driven the Confederates to this
extremity. They are as ready as the Federals to
accept "the bitter end." The North vows that if
the South will not submit every Southerner shall
be slain ; the South answers that rather than sub-
mit every Southerner will die. We have not laid
much stress on those imports of men from Europe
of which the North has had the advantage, but the
aid from this source cannot have been inconsidera-
ble. Germans and Irish have been poured into
New York along with cannon, rifles, sabres, and
stores. Emigration from the Old World has actually
received a strong impulse under the attractions of
the war. The Germans, trained soldiers already,
accept war as a promising business, and hope to rise
in a service in which military education is rare.
The Irish follow the invitations of their kindred to
a land of high wages, and are overpowered on their