The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-14 00:00:00

THIRD EDITION

SUN OFFICE, SEVEN O'CLOCK.

LONDON GAZETTE.---This Evening.

-
Gazett BOROUGH OF LUDLOW.
The e contains the Speaker's warrant for issuing a
new writ for the election of a member to serve in Parlia-
ment for the borough of Ludlow, in the room of Beriah Bot-
field, Esq., deceased.

FOREIGN OFFICE, Aug. 13.
The following despatch has been received from Sir Fred.
Bruce, her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Chief
Superintendent of Trade in China :
Peki, April 30, 13
My Lord,—Referring to my despatch ng
of Bth SeptemB6ber,
1862, I have the honour to state that Mr. Medhurbt, before
leaving Shanghae, published the letter to him which
formed inclosure in that despatch. The publication has
done good, by clearing up the misapprehension that pre-
vailed, as to the real position of foreigners at the Chinese
ports open to trade, and as evidence that her Majesty's
Government will not agree to any system which does not
respect the territorial rights of the Chinese Government,
and its exclusive jurisdiction over its own subjects. This
exclusive jurisdiction of China over Chinese, and of each
foreign nation ever its subjects, is the foundation on which
the international relations of China with the outer world is
based.

1 am glad to say that Monsieur Berthemy enclosed to the
French Government the paper containing my correspon-
dence with Mr. Medhurst as expressing the views enter-
tained by him on this delicate question. They are fully
concurred in by the Russian and the American Ministers.
The British-and American communities have appointed
a committee to prepare a scheme for the municipal govern-
ment of the large part of the settlement inhabited by them,
in conformity with these principles, and I hope that, with
the aid of their experience, a system may be found which
will meet the requirements, of the place, and to which the
Chinese Government will give its assent.
The growth of Shanghae is wonderful; its population is
estimated at 1,500,000, and it bids fair to become soon the
most important city of the East. The Chinese flock to it
on account of the security it enjoys, and the silk manufac-
ture which was destroyed by the Taeping occupation of
Soochow and Hung-chow, is taking root at Shanghae.
It is a subject of great satisfaction to me that our resolu-
tion to save Shanghae from the destruction that menaced it
at the hands of the Taeping hordes, has not only been pro-
ductive of great benefit to trade, but has afforded a safe
asylum and an escape from ruin to so large a body of the
industrious and respectable native popalation.—l have, &c.,
The Right Hon. Earl Rus FREDERICK W. A. BRUCE.
sell, K.G., Ice.

WAR OFFICE, AUG. 11.
The Queen has been graciously pleased to give orders for
the appointment of Sir James Hudson, K.C.8., Her
Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten-
tiary to the King of Italy, to be an Ordinary Member of the
Civil Division of the First Class, or Knights Grand Cross
to the Most Hon. Order of the Bath ; and of James
Douglas, Esq., C. 8., Governor and Commander-in-Chief
in and over Vancouver's Island and the colony of British
Columbia, to be an Ordinary Member of the Civil Division
of the Second Class, or Knights Commanders of the said
Most Hon. Order.
ST. JAMES'S PALACE, Aro. 14.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint Miss Emma
Lascelles to be one of her Majesty's Maids of Honour in
Ordinary, in the room of the Hon. Adelaide Cavendish,
resigned.

FOREIGN OFFICE, JULY 24.
The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint Henry
Michael Jones, to be her Majesty's Consul in the Feejee
and Tonga Islands.

AUGUST 1.
The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint Ed-
ward Hall, Esq., now her Majesty's Consul at Comayagaa,
to be her Majesty's Consul at Sonsonate.
The Queen has also been graciously pleased to 'appoint
Edward Kirkpatrick, Esq., now acting Consul at Coma-
yagua, to be her Majesty's Consul at Comayagua.
AUGUST 3.
The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint
Randal Callender, Esq.,
.now her Majesty's Consul at
Erzerouw, to be ner Majesty's Consul at the Dardanelles.
The Queen has also been graciously pleased to appoint
James Finn, Esq., now her Majesty's Consul at the Dar-
danelles, to be her Majesty's Consul at Erzeroum.
FOREIGN-OFFICE, A. 7.
The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. J. Monte-
fibre as Consul at Sydney, Australia, for his Majesty the
King of Belgians.
The Queen has also been pleased to approve of Mr. F.
U. Ruggles as Consul at Kingston, Jamaica, for the United
States of America.
BANKRUP T S.

The portion of the Gazette containing the bankrupto
had not arrived when we went to press.

Course of the Exchange.—This Day.
_____

Amsterdam
Ditto
Rotterdam
11 18t 11 19t
Antwerp, — 25 55 25 60
Brussels
25 60
Il amburgh
Paris
Ditto
Marseilles
Frankfort on Maine """ 119 i 1191
Vienna
Trieste
Petersburgh —35 i
Berlin —

Madrid *** • .. —48 f
Cadiz ** —49 i
Leghorn ........ 25 621 25 70
Milan ......... . 25 621 25 70
Genoa .......... -- '25 62/ 25 67/
Naples . ............ . 25 621 25 67*
Palermo — 25 621 25 671
Messina
Lisbon — 521 521
Oporto —52 f
Foreign Gold in Bars (Standard), per oz.. L3 17 9
Mexican Dollars
Silver in Bars (Standard)
South American I)oublons

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)
WASHINGTON, July 31.

I have come to the threshhold of the American
civil war—to the troops-beset city of magnificent
distances. We arrived yesterday morning in one of
the heavy showers which seem intended almost day
by day to temper the tropical heat of this western
continent, but which have only the effect of adding
to its stifling oppressiveness. We waded and floun-
dered through Washington as through a sea of mud;
a circumstance which did not prevent the same town
from presenting the image of a perfect wilderness
of dust before evening. We found soldiers at the
station, I can hardly say how many companies of
them, quartered in the waiting-rooms, offices, and
gangways of what is here called the depot or ter-
minus; we had to jump over them, we and our
cloaks and our carpetbags, as they lay full-stretched
in our way on the sloppy floor of the ill-sheltered
establishment. Outside, the hardiest or unluckiest
of the gang were wallowing in the mire, to which
they are, to judge by their look, as thoroughly
accustomed as to their beds; and all along the roads
along those vast spaces of muddy mounds and quag-
mires which are here classed and numbered in
streets, on the steps of the Capitol, before the doors
of public buildings, everywhere we saw them ; sol-
diers of all arms, in every variety of costume, with-
out visible distinction of corps, on no perceptible
duty or errand, were there—not in great numbers,
truly, bat still conspicuous everywhere—as if to
warn us by their übiquity of the fact that we had
come to the seat of a Government whose only busi-
ness is war, to the centre of a nation converted into
a vast camp, with a metropolis for head-barracks.
I had seen soldiers enough in New York, in
Boston, throughout the Eastern cities, and needed
hardly to visit Washington to come to the conclu-
sion that the word "soldier" must be understood in
America to convey a different meaning from that
universally received among the well-organised and
civilised nations of Europe. Of the dashing and
enduring valour, of the hardihood and perseverance
of American fighting men on either side, the world
has for the last three years received more than suf-
ficient evidence, and the laurels they have reaped
in the field cannot ba tarnished by any word of
discouragement that may be breathed as to their
tidiness and discipline in camp. No one could be
unwilling to make great allowance for the circum-
stances under which a h st of 1,000,009 combat.
ants were suddenly called to arms, for the nature
of the men who supplied the rank and file, for the
inexperience of the leaders, for the carelessness, to
call it by no worse name, of the rulers at the war
department. It takes years to make a soldier, and
here not ,n as my, but a hest of armies, was to be
got up at a moment's notice. But when all was
said, and when forced, disastrous marches, want of
accommodation, and the worst of management were
taken into account, there stir r,-rnain,d great
reason to marvel at the prodigious dirt and squalor
of the American soldiery. I saw squads of armed
men in New York, in the streets of a city running
with bountiful streams, who seemed to have a hor-
ror of water, asif the pure e:ement had power co
',NOD " the very n3arr..w out a strong man's hones,"
as if parting with the of m cry thys dirt w,s
as paioful to diem as to the victoriou.3 racer of an-
cient times to shake the Olympic dust uff his cha-
riot wheels. They seemed actually to delight and
revel in dirt, and in the tatters of their loose hang-
ing garments, in the rust of their dieted and twisted
weapons. They had gone through hard work, and
were fain to call the world to witness of the stren-
uousness of their exertions. The Neapolitan regi-
ments in the palmy days of King Bombe were not
more unmindful of that proper soldierly pride
which, in the Old World, seems to identity valour
with pipeclay, than are these heroic warriors of
the Western Continent. They seem as scornful
of uniformity of costume as the mosstroopers
of the middle ages, and fall as naturally into the
odd and the picturesque. Not a score of them
are anywhere to be recognised as men belonging
to the same corps. The ungraceful and in-
convenient kepi, the last contrivance of French
absurdity, has been officially copied here as every-
where on the continent of Europe, but Republican
freedom has substituted all possible varieties of
slouched hats ;of buttoned-up, tidily-fitting coats
hardly an instance occurs, even among the officers;
and, altogether, a more odd, ruffianly-looking set of
armed men than I have seen marching along the
footpaths in Bradway, in the midst of a delighted
mob of citizens, clapping hands at them as if they
were mere damb figures at the play-house, it never
was my lot to see anywhere—except, perhaps, in
the suite of the Gari'ildian bands in Calabria.
IV nen this is said, the very worst is said with re-
gard to the out ward look of these champions of the
American Uaioa. The mere mannschaft, as the
Germans h ,ve it—the thews and sinews, the mein
and bearing of the great bulk of the Northern army,
are all that the heart of its leaders could wish.
Tnere are no very high statures, no very bulky
frames among them; they are, most of them, men
of middle size, lean and lank, narrow -shouldered,
stooping and shambling in many instances; they
look worn and sullen, but they bear every mark of
stern endurance and dogged resolution. They have
no spare flesh, no exuberant spirits, no song, no
frolic ; but they look like work—up to their busi-
ness, which is to kill, to die.

_ .
A gentleman who has had much to do with the
management of these troops complains of them as
" thinking bayonets." " The Northern soldier,o
he said, " would rather go without his breakfast
than without his newspaper. He discusses the
plan of the campaign with his officer, and sits in
iudgmsnt on his General's tactics." To this carp-
ing criticism of the rank and file, to this want of
good confidence in their leaders, the gentleman in
question ascribed the slow success and the frequent
reverses of the Northern arms, and he contrasted
it with the spirit of the Confederate soldiers—un•
educated men, as he described them—who look up to
their commanding officer as a demigod, who receive
orders, ask no questions, and allow themselves no

remarks.
With all this disadvantage of not unwilling but
unsteady discipline I ha'e every day greater cause
to wonder at the transcendent confidence of the
majority of those Northern men in the ultimate
success of their cause. The earnest steadiness with
which they pursue their purpose is only commen-
surate with their utter recklessness as to the means
which must lead to its attainment. Not only do
they 4, not care," but they positively delight in the
'vastness of the sacrifice their country demands of
theta. They seem less eager for victory than for
the fearful amount of blood and treasure by which
they are to achieve it. " Are they sure to take
Charleston?), you ask ; " Aye, sure as death. The
cost will be tremendous; but who would wish to
have it at a cheap rate ?" " Hang the expense !" is
the motto. It
not of the result of their mighty
effort that they are
proud, but of the capabilities
and resources of their
country in putting forth such
colossal power. The big war, they are anxious to
prove, bears full proportions
with the bigness of the
B,epublic. Every man seems to swell before you as
be d wells on the gigantic strength the State brings
into the field. The navy has raised the number of
meta of war, which wore only 60 at the outbreak co
notilities. to 600, What to-thy Costs tnillions, te-
'Borrow
wilt rise to tens of millions. They are Doi
sorry for
it; ((ley are delighted at ii; they will
expense shall be handl-edit of
have no rest till the
A steam foga. e founders, a regiment is
millions.n ironcl6d is sunk by the enemy,
cut to Pin"' •- 'oy,*
they
are,
Hurrah! Ail the greater • J
ready with four new regiments, with four more
additional iron.:ilads.
steam frigates, with te
,pu more thtin success
n
_Failure braces them up Ft
10113 to show
would elate them. Al. ihey
.bieness of their
is the boundlessness and ineslLiusti
means. Their is no loss they eaunot repair, no
fford. Of this
waste, no extravagance they cannot•
this extent,
the world must be well assured. ft is
in this expansiveness of their means, that ijo the
certainty of their progress to the end. Trey' want to
make much of it, doubtless ; they brig an
intole-
rable deal about it, we are all sure. It is 611 this
lavish, wanton display of unlimited power that they
lay their hope of its irresistibleness, It is by it that
they aspire to strike dismay and despair into the
hearts of their present foe—that they trust to over.

awe their eventual enemy. How can the South,
how can Europe, have a chance to stand against
this unweary giant ? Let the struggle b olonged
for ever so many years, let the fortune of war be
ever so fickle, and sticeess alternate ev so blindly,
America cannot fail to wear out all gonism !
Such is the burden of the song that - daily dinned
in my ears whenever I mix in conversation with per-
sons about me. The present war can, lam every-
where assured, have but one issue. The South
must give in, must surrender at discretion ; Union
must be restored, Secession must lead to a thorough
and speedy extinction of slavery. Whatever havoc
and confusion emancipation may lead to will be of
no moment in the great work of national regenera-
tion, in the consciousness of power, in the display
of strength to which this struggle has given rise.
America can never be sufficiently thankful for the
golden opportunity this war has given her, no less
than the world at large, of setting a proper value
on her unsuspected energies, on her latent vitality.
Without their proverbial proneness to brag, the
Americans themselves had no adequate notion,
they say, of the bigness of their country, or of the
might of their nation. This bigness and this might
they have now begun to put forth at the expense of
their Southern brethren ; and they will end by dis-
playing them at the cost of their Transatlantic
cousins. Yes, war with Europe, war with England,
is the abject of their moat ardent aspiration. They
talk about it with a zest, with a glibness, which per-
fectly amazes me. Were there a conspiracy among
them all to hoodwink, to bamboozle, to impose upon
me, I must say that they could ha hardly have
scarcely
eleracrenlyt
their part with greater diligence, they
practise their lesson upon me with more feelingecons
ofum
mate skill, concert, and unanimity. The
vaesl
ndeesesp
and and
in
netaernns
tsyt
hostility to England,
aeluir
in New York, eswfhreicshh
as I draw near to the seat of Government in Wash-
ington. It may be all idle vapouring and big talk.
There may be nothing in it. Men must judge of
it in England as their sober judgment prompts
them ; but I cannot help seeing and noticing what
falls before my daily observation. If men ever
meant what they say the Americans must and will
have war with England,—a big war, a war like
what they are now waging with the South, grinting
no quarter, and aiming at utter extermination.