The Sun.
London, England, 1863-02-03 00:00:00

z
(

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 3, 1863.

No. 22,027

NEW NOVEL BY TT AUTHOR OF "THE MORALS

SAWYER'S FAMOUS LONDON DINNER
FOR THIS DAY,
•At 2s. Cd. each PersOn.
SOUPS.
Mock Turtle. Julienne.
FISH.
Cod and Oyster Sauce.
ENTREES
Turkey a la Béchamel.
JOINTS of Beef a la Proven ale.

FRENCH WINES.

disease of the zymotic class. The first of these
numbers is considerably below the average (636);
the second is also below it (520) ; but the third is
greatly above it (601), and in that the chief in-
crease has been from measles and oontinued fever,
the former of which has advanced from an average
of 78 in the year to 92, and the latter from 106 to
174. Dr. Letheby adds that the number of deaths
from violence, &c., in the city has been gradually
increasing during the last few years. In 1860 the
number was only 126 ; in 1861 it was 148, and in
the past year 167; the average for the last seven
years being 155. He does not know the precise
causes of that increase, but he submits the matter
deserves attention, as the greater part of that class
of deaths is of a preventible character. The sick-
ness returns for the year show a considerable falling
off in the proportion of cases among the poor. Last
year the number of cases on the books of the City
Unions was 10,937, as compared with 12,998 in the
preceding one. Fever, however, had increased from
154 cases in the year to 691 ; but diarrhou had de-
clined from 798 to 538. All these latter eases had
been the subject of special sanitary inspection.

OF MAY KM II."
Now ready at all the Libraries, in 2 vols., 215.,

People have often wondered why the French
wines are not more generally used in England, not-
withstanding the facilities afforded and the hopes
excited by the Commercial Treaty. The Belgians
are great beer. drinkers, and yet they consume a large
quantity of French wine. The importation has un-
doubtedly increased in England, but nothing to be
compared to what was, expected, though the reduc-
tion of the duties enables the English to have wine
of fair quality nearly as cheap in London as in Paris.
The consumption throughout the United Kingdom
is, it appears, 15 or 2t times less than in France ;
and yet in France the great majority of the peasants
drink wine very rarely. Various explanations, but
none of them sufficiently satisfactory, have been
suggested. The Marquis de Boissy would probably
say that the English abstained from wine for no
other purpose than to ruin France. A wine mer-
chant of Bercy says he can solve the problem, and
one, at least of his solutions seems well founded. In
a letter addressed to the Moniteur Vinicole he ob-
serves :

. .
POINT OF HONOUR.
By the Author of
" TIIE MORALS OF MAYFAIR," Sze.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

Fried Soles.

Now ready at ah the Libraries, in 3 vo.s.,
A PRODIGAL S O N.
By DUTTON COOK,
Author of " Paul Foster's Daughter."
" A Prodi ,a 1 Son ' will find many admirers. There are
new characters in the book, and the plot is good."—Post
Hurst and Blaekett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

Roast Loin of Veal. Saddles of Mutton.
SWEETS.
College Puddings._ Orange Jelly.

Cheese and Salad.

An extensive and carefully selected stock of FRENCH,
RHENISH, MO, ELLE, and other WINES, imported ex-
pressly for The London Dinner.
THE LONDON, 19', FLEET-STREET.

In 2 vols., poet Evo., 215.,
11,INDERSLAND AND • STURTLAND ;
or, THE OUTSIDE AND INSIDE OF AUSTRALIA.
By W. R. H. JESSOP, M.A.
"This is in some respects one of the most singular books of
travel we have ever met with.ly News.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

INSURRECTION IN POLAND.

--.0---

ST. PETERSBURG, Feb. 2.

The Journal de St. Petersburg of to-day publishes
news from Warsaw to the evening of the 31st Jan.,
according to which Gen. Sturler, who had been
despatched by railway with troops and workmen
in the direction of Bialystock, met on the line with
Gen. Bontemps, who had set out from Warsaw.
The railway communication is therefore re-esta-
blished. Many of the insurgents who have been
taken prisoners state that they were compelled to
take part in the revolt. All those who have been
brought before courts-martial declared the clergy
to have been the principal instigators of the insur-
rection.

SIR RUTHERFORD ALCOCK'S WORK ON JAPAN.
On Wednesday, Feb. 11, will be Published, in 2 vols. Bvo.,
with Maps, and above 100 Illustrations in Chromo-litho-
graphy and on Wood,
ruHE CAPITAL of the TYCOON: A Nar-
..c rative of a Three Years' Residence in Japan. By Sir
RUTIIIERFORD ALCOCK, K.C.8., Her Majesty's Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Japan.
London : Longman, Green, and Co., 14, Ludgate-hill.

" I am persuaded that we shall never substitute
our French wines in the English market for the wines
of Spain and Portugal, for two reasons—first, the
English prefer, both from taste and necessity, their
old wine made so strong as to be in fact eatz-de•vie•
I have some relations with that country; I have
tasted their formidable port. I could drink it
only in a liqueur glass, and I found it very little
else than eau-de-eitt. Secondly—You will say that
we ca'n strengtheii our wine also f bat you know that
it is forbidden to do so in nearly all our depart-
ments,
and even here, on the pretext that mixing
brandy with wine would lower the town dues of
Paris. Moreover, we should not adulterate our best
wines, for it would destroy the bouquet. The Eng-
lish will always drink our wines as a luxury, and not
from taste. Our wine trade has suffered a conside-
rable moral check in the English market, for we
send to England very bad wines. Urge the expor-
tation of eaux-de-vie and cognac brandies, always
first class. In these articles there will be a great
deal done, though the cost is enormous, as a litre of
brandy arrives in London with a cost of 3f. 60c.
carriage and customs included. We might find in
our old, strong bodied and very dry Roussillon a
counterpart for their superior port."
On this letter the Avenir Commercial remarks
that there is no question, and there never has been
a question, of substituting in the English markets
French wines for Spanish and Portuguese, which
are more adapted to the English palate. Those who
drink them to-day will drink them to-morrow, even
if French wine merchants adulterate their wines
with brandy. Moreover, this adulteration is a fraud,
and fraud should not be recommended. There is room

THE THIRD EDITION of Mr. Alderman
MECHI'S Work, HOW TO FARM PROFITABLY,
contains the following New Matter : —The Past, Present, and
Future of British Agriculture—The Capital of British Agri-
culture : Its Application and Remuneration Pedigree
% heat : Thin Sowing, &c. Also the Town Sewage Paper.
The volume, price 35., contains 496 pages, with Illustrations,
and may be obtained through any bookseller, or by direct
application to the publishers, Routlecige and Co., Farring-
don-street, London.

CRACOW, Fel)'24,

Yesterday afternoon a body of insurgents, num-
bering about 2,000, took possession of Olkusz, and
are now advancing towards SOSDOWin and. *opt
drzejow, probably with the intention of plundering
the customs treasury on the frontier.
Prussian troops have arrived at Myslowitz for
the protection of the frontier.
Feb. 2 (Evening).
Tomasgow has again been taken by the insur-
gents. _ _

LIVES of EMINENT STATES MEN
in FUN, every week. One Penny

Now Ready, handsomely bound in Magenta cloth, gilt, price
4s. 6d.; post free, 55., the
4.:ECOND half-yearly VOLUME of FUN, with
L , numerous Engravings by talented artists, and humor-
ous Articles by the following distinguished writers :
W. Bailey, Esq. W. S. Gilbert, Esq.
W. Barber, Esq. T. Hood, Esq.
E. L. Blanch Lrd, Esq. T. S. Jerrold, Esq.
G. W. Bridge man, Esq. W. J. Browse, Esq.
F. C. Burnand, Esq. Godfrey Turner, Esq.
ii. J. Byron, Esq. ctn., Are., Jr.c.
Office, 80, Fleet-street, London.

A sanguinary conflict has taken place near Oly-
gence between the insurgents and the Russian
troops, in which the latter were beaten.

BRESLAU, Feb 2 (Evening).
The express train from Warsaw has not arrived
here to-day.
Yesterday 83 insurgents took possession of a
train while it was stopping near Warsaw, and com-
pelled the driver to put the engine to its greatest
speed. They left the train near Skerniewicz.
The main body of the insurgents, numbering
6,000 men, the greater part of whom are armed
with fire-arms, is concentrated near Geutschan.
The President of the Provincial Government of
Silesia has left for the Polish frontier.

" DINNA FORGET " that Signor GIUGLINI
sings in the GREAT ST. JAMES'S HALL on
WEDNESDAY EVENING, February 11. This being most
positively his last appearance in England previous 10 his de-
parture for " Vienna," Admission Tlekets, ON r. SHILLING
EACH, should be secured before hand, at Austin's office, 28,
Piccadilly. Sofa stalls, ss. each.

Copious reports continue to be received of the
progress or the revolt i❑ Poland, and of the mea-
sures adopted by the Government to suppress and
scatter the bands of men still in arms throughout
the kingdom. On the one hand the Government
reports assert that but little opposition to the troops
is now met with, while independent sources of in-
formation continue to allege that considerable
bodies of insurgents are still assembled throughout
the kingdom, and that it will be a long time before
tranquillity is perfectly restored. An account from
Warsaw of the 28th ult., says :
" The National Committee now issue printed
orders and appeals. They summon all inhabitants
of the land capable of bearing arms to take part in
the revolt, and threaten those who oppose their
orders with the severest punishment. They still
proclaim equality to all, promise the peasants land
without rent, and state that they will pay the pre-
sent owners out of the national funds. They also
promise all who fight for freedom, or their suces-
sore, 100 acres of crown land at least, and repeal all
ukases and orders of the foreign rulers,' &a. A
clerical member of the Provisional Government has
preached a sermon from the text, Joel ii. 20—" I
will remove far from you the northern army."

in England for French as well as for Spanish and
Portuguese wines. There is one point, however,
on which the writer of the letter is quite correct;
the French have, in fact, sent their poorest wines

to England, " and this is precisely the reason," the
Avenir says," that the English do'not buy them,
and they do well." The best Bordeaux wines sent
direct to the great English houses are sold at enor-
mous prices. The English will consume quite as
much as they have done ; they will do so because
the best wines placed in sure hands are protected
against fraud, and saved from all accidents and
adulterations. Frenchmen who visit England pre-
fer drinking beer to the bad wine they get at
hotels—wine worse than might be had in a Paris
suburban wineshop. Why should the English like
what even the French reject ?
" If, then, we do not sell our wines in England
as should be the case since the Commercial Treaty,
we must not say it is the fault of the English, but
rather our own. Let us begin by sending a good
article, and if the English do not know how to
treat our wines in their docks, or in their merchant
stores, let us send them skilful operatives to do for
them what they do for us, and the superiority of
our merchandise will secure it purchasers and con-

"In the meantime the unfortunate revolt has
already demanded its victims. Whether the 70
people taken with arms in their hands in Szidlowce,
in the Government of Radom, have been already
shot is not yet stated, but the Margrave Wielopol-
ski has used his utmost exertions to induce the
military chiefs to construe their instructions as
mildly as possible. Two of the officers in the Rus-
sian service of Polish birth, recently taken priso-
ners, have been sentenced by court-martial and have
been shot, and the sentence of death has been passed
on two others to-day in the citadel.

aumers."

BIRTHS, DEATHS, AND MARRIAGES.

A report which has just been presented by Dr.
Letheby to the Commissioners of Sewers shows that
in the year recently ended there were 3,046 births,
2,726 deaths, and 1,540 marriages in the City of
London. These occurred among a population of
114,472 persons. The births, therefore, have been
in proportion of 26.4 for every 1,000 of the inhabit-
ants, the deaths of 23-8, and the marriages of 13.4.
In all England the average birth-rate is 33.1 per
1,000 of the population, the death-rate 22'3, and
the marriage-rate 8.2. While, therefore, the pro-
portion of deaths and marriages in the city has been,
in each case, above the standard, that of the births
has been somewhat below it. On the other hand, the
number of marriages has been nearly 64 per cent.
greater than the common average. The highest of
the birth rates has been in the Eastern union of the
city, where it has reached 31.8 per 1,000 of the
people, and the lowest in the Central union, or city
proper, where it has amounted to only 214. The
distribution of the deaths has also been very unequal.
In the Eastern and Western Unions the general
proportions have been at the rate of 25.8 per 1,000
of the population, whereas in the Central district
it has been but 20'6. The cause of this is referable
not so much to the difference in the character of the
population as to the density of it. The number of
persons upon an acre, in the former districts, ranges
from 200 to 266, and in the latter it is only 105.
This however is an excessive density, compared with
the town districts of England, where, upon an ave-
rage, there are scarcely 5 persons to an acre; and
contrasted with the mortality of those districts,
which amounts to 24.8 per 1,000, the death rate of
the whole city is remarkably small. The births,
deaths, and marriages in the city during the year
have been below the averaies for the last 10 years.
In that interval the births have declined from an
annual proportion of 3,412 to 3,046, the deaths from
3,105 to 2,726, and the marriages from 1,733 to 1,540.
These numbers represent a falling off of 11 per cent.
of the births and marriages, and nearly 13 per cent.
of the deaths, which Dr. Letheby refers to a decline
in the resident population. Nearly 18 per cent. of
all the deaths in the city occurred among infants of
less than one year old ; 38 per cent. among children
of less than five years; 49 per cent., or nearly half,
were under 25 years of age ; and only 16 per cent.
had reached the age of 65. 190 persons, however,
had passed the age of 75; 33 had reached that of
85, and five the age of 95. The infant mortality,
which is excessive, Dr. Letheby states can hardly
be estimated by the proportion of children's deaths
to the whole mortality, because the proportion of
children in the city population is comparatively
small, but it may be seen by observing the number
of children that die before they are a year old. Last
year there were 3,046 births in the city, and 475
deaths of infants that had not reached the first year
of their age. In the last 10 years the annual pro-
portion of births has been 3,412, and that of infant
deaths 556. This is at the rate of 16 per cent.,
as compared with 15 per cent. in the rest of Lon-
don and 14 in all England. The increase is said
to be chiefly due to the density of the population,
and to the bad condition of the homes of the

"It is announced that the recruits in the citadel
refuse to take the oath to the Russian flag, and that
they are threatened to be sent to the Siberian mines.
" Reports continue to circulate of manifestations
in favour of the proclamation of the Grand Duke
Constantine as King of Poland, and from the po-
pularity his imperial highness has gained sueh an
event is not considered improbable. On the other
hand, the most bitter feeling continues to be ex-
pressed against the Marquis Wielopolski. His
estate at Piaczew has already been devastated, and
the noble seat of his son has, it is affirmed, been
sacked, and a costly collection of arms and all the
money found there have been annexed."

The Warsaw correspondent of the Baltic Gazette,
also writing on the 28th ult., says :
" All here is quiet notwithstanding the martial-
law and the courts-martial, and indeed one might say
too quiet. A soldier is seldom seen in public before
nine o'clock at night, but no one has access to the
barracks, still less to the citadel. The reports re-
ceived up to this day are of a satisfactory nature,
and are in favour of the Government. Neither
Plock nor Radom, nor any other town is in the
hands of the insurgents. The attacks on Plock and
Bodzentyn were the most vigorously conducted;
but the insurgents would not stand the fire of the
troops, and after the first volley they dispersed and
sought safety by flying to the woods and there con-
cealing themselves. The insurgents brought in
here are in a most deplorable plight. Half starved,
in rags, often without boots, they present the most
complete picture of misery. Of milit lry habits,
discipline, regular arms, food, and pay, they know
nothing. For all eventualities the Grand Duke has
asked the Emperor for an army corps of 50,000 or
60,000 men. The army in the kingdom now
amounts to 80,000 or 90,000 men, but as Warsaw
needs a strong garrison, such an increase is not too
much."

The official journal of Warsaw, of the 27th ult. ,
contains an extract from the report of Adjutant-
General Count Adlerberg, in which he describes
the attack on the (own of Bodzentin by the insur-
gents. It appears from this document that at the
tolling of the bells in the Catholic churches more
than 600 men, armed with very long knives, fell
simultaneously on the quarters of the officers and
men, and after a short struggle they succeeded in
killing one officer and several soldiers, and in wound-
ing others. The rebels consisted of men from vari-
ous places in the vicinity. The general praises the
courage of the troops, who, notwithstanding that
they were attacked in their sleep, defended them-
selves bravely, and succeeded in disarming several
of their assailants. The official journal also con-
Banta
pi
con-
tains many other reports of a like nature, in which
rhese laiydaetd
fpropetors who have supplied
of fe r
icoursea i troops.
vthi
e t
ie iVictims victory
Allofth
tehsee was
nr
rue
ei
pd o
mbrnvaet
party, invariably a
ofb ly
concludeww the
hi toihn
with
theuairtvhge
theeinniint
remark that the greater
s
consist of .
dr
remain them to
lds . participate in the revolt. The pea-
(says
the report) take no part in the rising, but
remaineaceab
landed
and indeed oppose the
of
fdfand money have done so
under the influence
party. Hunger has driven many ri
the insurgents with
of the revolutionary
of the misguided
people back to Warsaw, wh
the mercy of the authoritiese. e they have implored

poor. With respect to the causes of death ge-
nerally, phthisis had been fatal in 357 cases,
tabes and scrofula in 173, and hydrocephalus in

43; bronchitis and pneumonia had caused 441
deaths, teething and the convulsions of infancy 139,
and violence, privation, and poioon 167. Of the
zymotic class of maladies there have been 174
deaths from continued fever, 95 from scarlet fever,
127 from whoopingcough, 71 from croup and dip-
theria, 92 from measles, 48 from the diarrhoea of
children, and 15 from diarrhoea and dysentery
among adults, 14 from erysipelas, and four from
smallpox. Altogether, therefore, there have been
673 deaths from tubercular diseases, 441 from in-
flammatory affections of the lungs, and 640 from

Importiog Tea without colour on the leaf pre-
vents the Chinese passing off inferior leaves as in the iuniai
kinds. Homiman's Tea is uncoloured, therefore, always
good alikf. Sold in packets by 2,280 agents.

~~~

dolt
IL
J. 7,
• 4 n
Chi- \-m 1
. • — ,
•-=•- •
Ar •
4( ss4, • , Ni • 41°Ii •
444 e • hI I • ANIL
•
. ,
D-TE • m1111:41/47(4A4 7- 'Ditorr. _ / 4-
•4
- ! /' • s

Z //A
„

/J ~
__
/~

PRICE..... -..4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

THE NAVY.

The Himalaya, screw troopship, 700 horse power,
Capt. E. Lacy, yesterday made her official trial of
speed, on the conclusion of extensive repairs to her
machinery, at the measured mile in Stokes Bay,
near Portsmouth, under the superintendence of Capt.
H. Broadhead and staff. The weather was most
unfavourable for developing the ship's highest rate
of speed, a strong southwest gale blowing at the
time. Folic runs were made over the mile-course,
with full boiler power, the mean of which gave the
ship a speed of 11.88 knots. Two runs were next
made with half boiler power, the mean of the two
giving a speed in knots to the ship of 9.550. The
amount of coal on board was 1,020 tons, and the
ship has besides provisions and stores on board for
1,000 men for six months. The maximum number
of revolutions of the engines was 58, and the mini-
mum 55, the propeller being an iron Griffith's, hav-
ing a diameter of 18ft, a pitch of 27ft 9in, and an
immersion of its upper blade of 4ft. At the conclu-
sion of the trial the Himalaya returned into Ports-
mouth harbour and resumed her berth alongside the
dockyard, where she awaits orders from the Ad-
miralty as to her future movements.
As previously announced in The Sun, the iron-
cased frigate Royal Oak, 34, 800 horse power, pre-
paring for sea at Chatham, has been selected by the
Admiralty as the first vessel in the navy on board
which Gisborne's code of steering and engine room
electric telegraph signals are to be fitted. Since
the form._ r order for applying the invention to the
Royal Oak was issued a second Admiralty order
has been received at Chatham dockyard directing
the steering signals in addition to being placed in
the engine room and on deck, to be fitted within the
armour-plated turret which is now being erected on
the upper deck, and also to the two lower deck
wheels, thus enabling the officer stationed within
the turret to communicate his orders simultaneously
to the engineer and also to the men at the wheel.
This arrangement is most important. During intri-
cate navigation, such as entering or leaving harbour,
or in foggy and stormy weather, it is frequently of
vital importance that the captain's orders should be
conveyed quickly and unmistakably to the helms-
men and engineers, and the invention enables every
movement of either the helm or the engines to be
apparent to the commanding officer.
The sailing frigate Active, 40, now in the hands
of the shipwrights at Chatham, who are fitting her
for a training ship for the naval reserve at Hartle-
pool, will be placed in the first dock which becomes
vacant, in order that an examination may be made
as to the condition of her hull,the Active not having
been docked for a considerable number of years.
Lieut. W. R. Kennedy has been appointed to the
Narcissus, flagship of Sir Baldwin Walker, on the
Cape station.