The Sun.
London, England, 1863-09-03 00:00:00

TIIE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 3 1863.

wore buried by the victorious army. Many thousand in-
surgents, wounded and captives, fell into the hands of
General Meade. It is not doubted that the second unsuc-
cessful invasion cost the insurgents 40,000 men. Our own
loss was severe, for the strife was obstinate and deadly.
General Meade crossed the Pctomac. Lee refired again to
Gordonsville, where he is now understood to be in front of
our forces.

" While the stirring events which have been related were
occurring in the East and in the West, General Rosecrans
advanced upon Bragg, who, with little fighting, hastily
abandoned his fortified positions of Shelbyville and Tulla-
homa, in Southern Tennessee. General Rosecrans took,
and he yet holds them, while Bragg, with severe losss in a
i
hurried retreat, has fallen back to Chattanooga. It un••
dsrstood that his army had been already much weakened
by detachments sent from it to reinforce Johnstone, with a
view to a raising of the siege of Vicksburg.
"I must not overlook the operations of cavalry. General
acdhdoa nneeretdt,
proceeding
Oorinomnoh avoidingeci
defenceless
1 e s 8
cS,tioinaresmvaanie,,inmacdoneraercatpioind Navnitdh
etffheectimveovveamsseangteutliporonugChhathne-
insurgent country, from the Rappahannock to the York
of the war. While our forces were operating against
river, which will be remembered among the striking achieve-
mentsunrorwtibfod geshsgloiasooseuvetlwsdree- ,
Vicksburg and Port Hudson, Colonel Grierson, with a force
of 1,500 men, left Corinth, on the northern border of the
State of Mississippi, and made an expedition, in which he
broke military communications, destroyed stores, and
effected captures through the length and breadth of the
State, and finally, without serious loss, joined the army of
General banks, then engaged in the siege of Port Hudson.
6, John Morgan, hitherto the most successful of the in-
surgent partisans, recently passsed through the lines of Gen.
Burnside, accross the States of Tennessee and Kentucky ;
aaet
drthsreai ganonawesnesdthsaewbhirncoaali
hbysdrnudi
hdteori
Isegwsbec,
dhslnns
vte:ghi
tdhtl
hnlrioaeaaefo,
nvrreaspeaet
country
uhsdcwenTi
hosdathee:r
di
ayedz
Thence
destroyinget
ref steamboats,
edrsailndianasn railroad river
Ignrog a adahl tlowsar
rapidly Brandenburg,
I and plundering the villages. The people rallied
i to arms under the call of their governors. Some of them
, occupied the most important points, while others barricaded
the road or hung upon the rear of the intruders. Morgan
L found no disaffected citizens to recruit his wasted ranks,
and when he reached the Ohio his force was prevented from
• crossing by the gunboats and driven backward with great
slaughter. His force was between 2,500 and 4,000 horse,
mtLiiobnnruraeogtetuo,:poii

with several pieces of artillery. Only some 300 succeeded
in recrossing the Ohio and escaping into the wilds of
Western Virginia. Many perished in battles and skirmishes,
and the remainder, including Morgan himself, his principal
officers, and all his artillery, were finally captured by the
national forces. An attempt has just been made by the in-
sargents to invade Eastern Kentucky, which probably wjis
begun with a view to make a diversion in favour of Morgan's
escape, but the forces, after penetrating as far as Lexington,
have been routed by detachments from General Burnside's
army and pursued, with the capture of many prisoners and
all their artillery.
" This review of the campaign shows that no great pro-

gress has been made by our arms in the East. The opposing
forces there have been too equally matched to allow great
advantages to accrue to either party ; while the necessity of
covering the national capital in all contingencies has con-
stantly restrained our generals, and forbidden such bold and
dangerous movements as usually conduct to brilliant mili-
tary success. In the West, however, the results have been
mor3 gratifying. 50,000 square miles have been reclaimed
from the possession of the insurgents. On referring to the
annexed map it will be seen that since the breaking out of
the insurrection the Government has extended its former
sway over and through a region of 200,000 square miles, an
area as large as Austria or France, or the peninsula of Spain
and Portugal. The insurgents lost in the various field and
siege operations of the month of July which I have described
one-third of their whole forces. _ .

" Jefferson Davis, the leader of the sedition, has since
proclaimed a levy of all the able-bodied men within his mili-
tary lines. This, if carried into effect, will exhaust the whole
material of which soldiers can be made. The insurgents
estimate the total number of conscripts thus to be gained at
from 70,000 to 95,000. Our armies now confront theinsur-
gents at all points with superior numbers. A draught for
300,000 more is in progress to replace those whose terms of
service have expired, and to fill up the wasted ranks of our
veteran regiments; and the people, just so fast as the evi•
deuce of the necessity for that measure is received and di-
gested, submit with cheerfulness toihe ascertained demands.
Our armies everywhere are well equipped, abundantly fed,
and supplied with all the means of transportation. The sol-
diers of two years' service bear themselves as veterans, and
show great steadiness in every conflict. The men, accus-
tomed to the camp, and hardened by exercise and
experi-
ence, make marches which would have been impossible in
the beginning of the contest. The nation is becoming fami-
liar with aims, and easily takes on the habits of war. Large
voluntary enlistments continually augment our military
force. All supplies are abundantly and cheaply purchased
within our lines. The country shows no signs of exhaustion
of money, material, or men. A requisition for 6,200 re-
mount horses was filled and the animals despatched from
Washington all in four days. Our lean is purchased at par
by our own citizens at the average rate of 1,200,000 daily.
Gold sells in our market at 120 to 128, while in the insur-
rectionary region it commands 1,200 per cent. prem.
" Every insurgent port is either blockaded, besieged, or
occupied by the national forces. The field of the projected
confederacy is divided by the Mississippi. All the fortifica-
tions on its banks are is our hands, and its flood is patrolled
by the Federal fleet.
" Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland—all slave
States—support the Federal Government, Missouri has
already in convention ordained the gradual abolition of
slavery, to take effect at the expiration of seven years.
Four-fifths of Tennessee, two-thirds of Virginia, the coasts
and Sounds of North Carolina, half of Mississippi, and half
of Louisiana, with all their large cities, part of Alabama,
and the whole sea coast of Georgia and South Carolina, and
noinconsiderable part of the coast of Florida, are held by
the United States. The insurgents, with the slaves whom
they yet hold in defiance of the President's proclamation,
are now crowded into the central and southern portions of
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and
Alabama, while the pioneer slaveholding insurgents beyond
the Mississippi are cut off from the main force. On the other
hand, although it is less than six months since the laws or
customs of the United States would allow a man of African
descent to bear arms in defence of his country, there are now
in the field 22,000 regularly enlisted, armed and equipped
soldiers of that class, while 50 regiments of 1,000 each are in
process of organisation, and 62,800 persons of the same class
are employed as teamsters, labourers, and camp followers.
These facts, show that, as the insurrection continues, the
unfortunate servile population, which was at the beginning
an element of its strength, is being transferred to the sup-
port of the Union.
" You will use the facts presented in this paper in such a
way as may be most effective to convince those who seek a
renewal of commercial prosperity through the restoration of
peace in America, that the quickest and shortest way to gain
the desired end is to withdraw support and favour from the
insurgents, and to leave the adjustment of our domestic
controversies, exc usively with the people of the United
States.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant,
" WILLIAM H. SEWARD."

COLT'S REVOLVERS are to be extensively intro-
duced into the Prussian army, and the cavalry and artillery
officers are to be supplied with them immediately.
A violent hailstorm broke over the town and
neighbourhood of Cahors (Let) two days ago. At Bellevue, a
man named Tilsac had just entered his house when the
building was struck by lightning and set on fire. The
owner escaped uninjured, but an umbrella which he can ied
in his hand was literally consumed by the electric fluid.
The flames of the house spread so rapidly that nothing could
be saved.

A NAPLES letter in the Opinions of Turin gives
an account of the trial now going on of the mur-
derers of a watchmaker, named Ruffo, who was waylaid
about a fortnight back in the immediate neighbourhood of
that city. The trial excites great interest, and on the 25th
August the Court was crowded, especially with cammor-
rists, who want, if possible, to intimidate the judges.
While one of the counsel was engaged in the defence of a
workman named Cherubini, who had been in the service of
deceased, and was supposed to be the chief author of the
murder, the report of a musket was suddenly heard, and
immediately afterwards the roll of the drums calling out
the guard. Great confusion was occasioned in Court by
this occurrence, the President ordered the hall to be cleared
and the strictest watch to be kept over the prisoners. Soon
after the cause of the disturbance became known ; a sen-
tinel upon guard under the windows of the prisons hard by,
had fired upon one of the prisoners, who had been address-
ing him in the grossest and most insulting language for
upwards of a quarter of an hour. The sentinel in so doing
had only obeyed orders ; but most probably the prisoner
was acting according to instructions received from the Ca-
morra, in order to create a disturbance. The trial was at
once resumed, and the belief is that the persona accused
will be condemned.

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and Chemists in

Cotton Supply Association.

At
the usual meeting of the Executive
Committee
weekly meeting a
letter was read from
Havannah, stating that the writer, after travelling
in the United States and America for the purpose
of making himself acquainted with the progress of
held
agriculture, determined on his return to enter on
the cultivation of cotton, and to prove that free
labour might be introduced with great advantage to
the country. He has planted about 100 acres, com-
prising the different varieties of soil in order to de-
termine which is most suitable, the plants are bear-
ing luxuriantly, having an average of 60 pods on
each stalk, and promising to produce on an average
130 poc.'s each. Previous planters affirm that the
first year does not pay, but the plant being peren-
nial the second year yields good interest for the
money expended.

A letterw
%Vest Id
s received rnesire es
t i n
and g c
reporting that
cultivation
in Grenada,
formerly cotton was blrgely grown in the island, as
is still the case in some of the small islands of the
Grenadian group. &Neill estates are available for
the cultivation. A letter was received requesting
Sea Island seed for Trinidad, and reporting that
cotton grown from seed supplied by the Association
has been valued in Liverpool at 4s. per lb.
A letter from Tortola enclosing a small sample of
cotton stated that the cultivation has extended
greatly in that and adjacent islands, but as hitherto
there has been no direct opportunity of shipping to
England the crop has been sold in St. Thomas's for
the American states. Facilities are, however, now
afforded for shipping to Liverpool direct, by the
establishment of steamers between that port and
St. Thomas's, and this, it is expected, will still
further stimulate the production of cotton.
A letter was read from the Haytian Minister in
London, stating that his Government is doing every
thing possible, by the ofbr of prizes and otherwise,
to extend the cultivation of cotton in Hayti.
A letter was read from the honorary agents of

the Association at Cabutta, stating that the new
crop is reported to bc considerably in excess of
previous seasons, and that though the quality of
cotton as yet come forvard is not above the average
a large quantity of surerior quality is said to be on
the way to market. Ihe use of New Orleans seed
is extending; Dr. Brnavia of Lucknow, who is
tending to the committee some beautiful specimens
of cotton, is desirous of sowing 200 acres in the
Onde district.

Letters were read from Buenos Ayres advising
the shipment of eight bags of cotton of Eatre Rios,
and stating that a quantity of Sea Island and
Georgian Seed has b?en presented to the Argentine
Government with a view to extend the cultivation
in the Republic. An honorary member of the asso-
ciation, who is indefatigable in his efforts, adds—
" The advantages of cotton planting are so manifest
that I am convincer the natives only require a little
good example and encouragement, which I am re-
solved to lend then to the best of my power."
A letter was reed from Corrientes, River Plate,
stating that the cotton question has excited there
the warmest interest, and that it was proposed to
form a Cotton Pia)tation Company, the Government
of the State being at the head of the project. The
climate and soil ere most favourable and the native
quality is expected to rival the New Orleans and
Mobile varieties. The planting is between August
and October and the crop is gathered after January.
From the number of persons establishing plantations
the next crop may be estimated at 2,500 " paks."
A letter was read from the Commendatore Devin-
cenzi, Turin, announcing that the Royal Italian
Commission,
of which h is President, has decided
to hold an Exhibition of Italian grown cotton, and
also of gins, presses, ploughs, and other cotton ag-
ricultural implements of whiche
English and other
foreign manufacturers are invited to become exhi-
bitors. The Exhibition will beheld during the month
of January next, and will it is expected, greatly
stimulate the growth of cotton in Italy.
With respect to tile Calcutta kgrienitural Exhi-
bition, to be held in
January next, the honorary
agents of the Association at Calcutta, Messrs. Mosley
and Hurst have generously offered to receive and
s
uperintend superintend the exhibition of gins, presses, ploughs,
and other implements, free of all charges beyond
actual disbursements. Makers who intend to exhibit
may see a list of prizes at the rooms of the Associa-
tion, and obtain any information they require.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

~.-----

TIMES.—The American war has presented the
most remarKable contrasts to all the features of for-
tner warfare, but not the least extraordinary of its

characteristics has been the voluminous correspon-
dence with which the Foreign Secretary has de-

luged the Governments of Europe. The long letter
from Mr. Seward which we publish this morning is
only one of a mass of similar productions which we
have had to read since the opening of the war.
'Week after week, and month after month, Mr.
Seward has despatched to his representatives in this

country the same incessant commentary on every
event of the war, the same monotonous strain of
assertion that the rebellion is on the eve of failure,
the same plaintive appeal ler sympathy and

moral support, and the same ever recurring bur-
den of complaint against our fancied aid and recog-
nition of the insurgent States. The remem-
brance which we have of Mr. Seward's former let-
ters induces us to read his present letter with a less

anxious feeling than the source, the purpose, and
the character of such a letter would otherwise

evoke. We fancy we have heard it all before, and
know✓ that it is worth little for either good or harm.

We have, in the first place, the same extraordinary
misrepresentation of recent events in the war, The

earlier events, we are glad to see, are at length
properly appreciated. This letter contains the tardy
admission that " in the battles of August, 1852, the
" Union forces suffered some severe and appalling
reverses." When we remember the tone of easy
unconcern in which these " appalling reverses"
were treated in Mr. Seward's despatches at the
end of last year, we cannot help receiving all
his explanations and songs of victory in this
circular with a very considerable discount. His
perpetual assertion weakens the force even of
the facts which are undeniable. When he has the
audacity to give it as a full account of General
Burnside's disastrous repulse at Fredericksburg,
that " his assault upon Lee's well-fortified position
failed, and he skilfully recrossed the river without
loss," we arc unable to know where to trust him, or
how to understand a writer who can indulge in such
an evasion. These errors of honesty or judgment
are the more discreditable because they are wholly
unnecessary. Mr. Seward has had an ample supply
of undoubted facts to support his song of triumph,
It could not be disputed for a moment that the
Federal arms have had signal successes in the
course of the last, few weeks. The fall of Vicks-
burg and Port Hudson, the failure of General
Lee's attempt at invasion, and the gradual pene-
tration of the Confederate country by the
Union forces cffsred sufficient opportunity for
self-assertion, and even for prophecy, without a
resort to the old methods of extenuation which the
reverses of last year excused. Great as the Fede-
ral successes undoubtedly are, their effect is weak-
ened, and not strengthened, by Mr. Seward's
recapitulation of them. He protests too much.
He used just as strong language last October,
when the Federal forces bad recoiled from the
strongholds of the Mississippi, and the Army of the
Potomac had been driven home in ignominious de-
feat. Besides, after all, to what purpose does Mr.
Seward reiterate these successes ? Why does he
snatch at the first favourable opportunity to entreat
our forbearance and to implore our patience? If
he has been so successful as ho says, there ought to
be no need of his vaticinations and explanations.
When the ports of the Southern States are open to
ordinary trade, when the population are re-
suming their old industry, and we are re-
ceiving again the productions upon which so
much of cur population has depended, those facts will
compel our recognition far better than volumes of
diplomatic assertion. There will be no doubt about
them, and no need to assure us of their reality.
There is, however, one point on which we do want
some aseurence, and on that Mr. Seward gives us none.
We want to know what chance there really is not
merely that the President will be able to raise a suf-
ficient number of conscripts and negro troops to in-
flict further disasters upon the South, to spread a
wider devastation, and to destroy another third part
of the Confederate forces, but what prospect there
is that this process of slaughter and extirpation will
bring about our old trade with the South, and relieve
our distressed manufacturing population. Mr.Se ward
directs the representatives to whom his circular is
addressed to "use the facts presented in this paper
" in such a way as may be mast effective to con-
vince those who seek a renewal of commercial pro-
sperity through the restoration of peace in America
that the quickest and shortest way to gain that de-
sired end is to withdraw support and favour from
the insurgents." We do not know what facts there
are in this paper which could be used for such a pur-
pose, Mr. Seward represents that the Federal Go-
vernment has regained possession of a region of
200,000 square miles—an area as large as Austria
or France, or the peninsula of Spain and Portugal.
Can he show us one single advantage which has been
gained to commerce by this subjugation ? We were
assured that as soon as New Orleans, or even so pal-
try a place as Port Royal, was opened to trade vast
supplies of cotton would flow to us. We have scarcely
received a single bale. So far as we have any means
of judging, the area which has been conquered by
the Federals has been rendered useless for all pur •
poses of trade or cultivation. We were assured that
in all the States which Mr. Seward enumerates as
for the most part recovered to the Federal Govern-
ment there was a large Union party, held down by
a violent minority, and that the victory of the Union
arms would be followed by an immediate return to
peaceful commercial pursuits. Where has this Union
party been discovered ? We confess we are unable
to see the very smallest instalment of the advantages
which Mr. Seward is perpetually assuring us would
result from the complete success of the Federals in
their course of conquest. If Mr. Seward really
wishes to explain to Europe the prospects of the
United States in the event of the success of his
Government, this is the point which he ought to
have dwelt upon. We should like to have been told,
for example, in a calm and statesmanlike paper,
what are the intentions and the expectations of
the Federal Government, as to the administration of
the revolted provinces. We see them couquered by
extraordinary exertions of force, and held in sub-
jection by enormous armies. We know that in some
of these subjugated districts the country has been
so ruined that the population are obliged to exist
upon rations furnished to them by the Federal
armies. If this is to be the result of the Federal
victorieseverywhere, we see no chance of any renewal
of commercial prosperity through the continued pro-
secution of the war. On all this Mr. Seward's letter
gives us no information whatsoever, and therefore,
' even if his arguments could persuade us of the ulti-
mate success of the Federal arms, they would not lead
us to hope for any of the advantages of peacefrom the
result. If, too, this letter is in its main characteristics
a mere repetition of former flourishes, and if it fails
to relieve the anxiety of Europe as to the probable
consequences of this struggle, it is entirely needless
in its main purpose. The persons to whom it is
addressed are directed to use the facts contained in
it for the purpose of convincing the Governments of
Great Britain and France that the quickest and
shortest way to the restoration of their trade is "to
withdraw support and favour from the insurgents,
and to leave the adjustment of our
theduomnietsetdicsctoantterso-,
versies entirely with the peopleon ry
is concerned such an
appeal is entirely it of
t
So far, at least, as thiswchout meaning. The insur-
gents have received neither support nor favour from
our Government. They have got absolutely nothing
from this country but such supplies of arms and
necessaries of life as they could smuggle in through
a blockade which we have scrupulously respected.
The Americans, of all people in the world, ought
to know that tradeisentirely impartial. There are
plenty of merchants New York who are perfectly
anything in
to anybody any where if they
can get the money for it, and they will always send
it where they can get the most money. It is just be-
cause we have left " the adjustment of the domestic
controversies" of the United States exclusively with
the people themselves that the South has been able
to attract from this country the eupplies which have
so exasperated the Federals. If we had done as
Mr. Seward would have deeired, and, at tne demand
of the Northern States, prohibited by special legis-
lation any export to the Southern States, we should
have interfered in the most direct manner pos-
sible with the domestic controversie of the
United States. We have left them to fight out
their own struggle in their own way, and we have
not the slightest intention of doing anything else.
If we have " accorded the character of a belligerent
to the insurgents, " we have only yielded to a plain
fact, and are supported by the authority of the Fe-
derals themselves. We have, to the best of our
ability, preserved a constant and complete neutra-
lity, and we shall certainly continue to do so. if
the inaurgeuts " have been eneh;ed to protract their
resistance by means of sympathy and aid received
from abroad," we can only say they require very
little foreign help; and, if" the expectation of fur-
ther and more effective foreign assistance is now
their chief resource," Mr. Seward will find little
difficulty with them. As addressed, at least, to thin
country, any auch exhortations are perfectly unne-
cessary. It might determine our sympathy if Mr.
Seward could OIOW us that there was any hope of
the success of the Federal armies being followed by
a renewal of the peace, prosperity, and trade of the
South. But we are unable to see any hope of this
sort, and Mr. Seward's long exercitation fails to
throw one ray of light on the dark prospect.
HERALD.—Political events that used to be con-
sidered wonderful may now occur once a week, or
every day, without exciting any particular atten-
tion. it they ere of such a nature as to effect us
personally, that, of course, makes a difference.
When our own interests are not involved we can
listen wita a becoming amount of v-iilosophicai