The Sun.
London, England, 1839-07-05 00:00:00

ORGANIRATION OF THE 'PEOPLE.
This morning the Delegates met at Eleven o'clock.
Dr. FLETCHER in the chair.

Dr. M'Doeme. rose, and said that after a very length-
ened and successful agitation the time had arrived for
forming an effective organization of the people.—( Hear,
hear.) The Radical Associations of every town and vil-
lage with which he was acquainted were anxious for a plan
of that nature. If the people were organized they would
get rid of the present cumbrous system.— ( Hear, hear.)
If they were divided into tens and hundreds the leaders of
the tens and hundreds would quickly ascertain the opinions
of those under them, and thus the Government would be pre-
vented marking any man for destruction. If the country
adopts the measures which the Convention has in contem-
plation it would also under it be impossible for the
masters to point out any man during the sacred
month, or in the event of a struggle being forced,
upon them. —( Hear, hear.) An organization, if things
proceeded to extremities, would serve both themselves (the
Delegates) and the country, without exposing the country
to any danger. Of what benefit would the soldiers be if they
were not divided into troops and companies, with officers
attached to them ? if the Charti. to adopted the same
principle as they had, for the masses there was no doubt how
the struggle would end. A perfect organization would protect
the desultory masses from ferocious leaders, whose objects
were treachery or self-aggrandizement.—( Hear, hear.)
He had seen five thousand men of his distiict march in re-
gular order, and he was del.ghted to see the perfect orga-
nization of those men. Something like a system of free-
masonry should be introduced, by which their power would
be felt without betraying whence that power emanwerf
not that there would be any thing like secrecy in his (Dr.
Al'Douall's) pian.—( Hear, hear.) This would strike
terror into the heart of the Government.—( Hear, hear,
beer.) They were now boldly before the public
and they should hold themselves in as effective a manner
as possible, so that the Convention and the country might be
banded together to meet any danger that might present itself.
—( Hear, hear.) In conclusion he moved the following
resolution—" That the Convention resolve itself into a
committee to decide on the best plan of organisation in
England, Scotland, and Wales, under one system, having
for its object a more perfect co-operation amongst the peo-
ple to carry into effect the ulterior measures of the Con-
vention, as well as to strengthen themselves by a great na-
tional union, which may create a power under which the
Charter must become the law of the land."—( Hear.)
Dr. TAYLOR seconded the motion.

Mr. BURNS was too well acquainted with the good effects
of discipline to oppose the motion. Hence he had held as
a terror over the rich, that if they Peterloo'd the people,
they would in turn Moscow the country.—(Hear, hear.)
They had scarcely any liberty of either thought or action.
With Bonaparte he agreed, that the power of the peo-
ple existed in the morale, or the discipline, not the brute
force of the masses.—( Hear, hear.) He anxiously looked
for some plan to effect a successful organization.
Mr. SKEVINGTON recommended the appointment of a
Select Committee for devising so desirable a plan. In his
district, they were already organised in companies of ten.
The plan they adopted was this, they commenced with the
first house in the street, as soon as a company of ten was
formed they again commenced forming a new division.—
( Hear, bear.)
Dr. MACDONALD, in reply to a question of Mr. James
Taylor, said that the leader of the tens would be elected
by the tens, and the leaders of the hundreds by the hun-
dreds. •

Mr. LOVETT said that such an attempt was in the
teeth of an Act of Parliament. Those tens or
hundreds could not appoint presidents, officers, or
treasurers; there could be only one general Society,
of which all the Chartists might be members, and which
should be governed by one set of officers. Any other plan
was perfectly illegal.—( Hear, hear.)
Mr. COLLINS said, that the Birmingham Political
Union attempted such an organization in 1832, but found
they could not carry it out. It would be completely an
infringement of an Act of Parliament. He did not say so
because he would hesitate breaking through any Acts of
Parliament if public liberty could be benefited by so
doing ; quite the contrary, he was prepared to infringe
them, if public good could be effected thereby.--( Hear,
hear.) Let them first test the obedience of the people on
abstaining from exciseable articles, before they recom-
mended any other plan. —( Hear, hear.)
Mr. RICHARDSON was astonished that such a motion had
been introduced, which betrayed weakness on the part of the
Convention. and a readiness to sacrifice liberty, at a mo-
ment when the country expected Universal Suffrage—
( Hear, hear.) What has become of the late ebullitions
if they were not now organised ? It was a complete suc-
cumbing to the measures of Mcss:s. Fielden and Attwood,
who refused to have anything to do with them (the Char-
tists) unless they continued a peaceable agitation. This
recommendation was rejected with disdain by the Dele-
gates, who resolved (if compelled) to carry their measures
vi et artnis.—( Hear, hear.) They should remember the
organisation of 1812, when the divisions of tens and
hundreds fell defenceless before the power of the law.
Dr. TAYLOR said that the willing obedience rendered
by the men of Birmingham to the Delegates was a strong proof
that they were fitted for organization. But for the influ-
ence the leaders had over the people on the day of the ar-
rests there were 100 000 men ready prepared to set Bir-
mingham in flames.—(Hear.) There were six towns in
the North already organised. He was aware that even
100,000 men gathered together promiscuously could not
oppose well-disciplined troops; but he knew an instance
where 100,000 undisciplined men enterea the arena, and
were so well organised within an hour, that they not only
combatted but conquered the best and bravest troops.._
(Cheers.) On that occasion each man was handed a
marked ticket ; there were poles erected bearing dupli-
cate numbers, so that each man knew that he was to hasten
to such a pole where he found his Offerer. Thus, in 1829,
the liberties of France were secured, for the time, trom
being trampled under the tyrants' feet.—( Cheers.) Tne
same organization could be effected in 1839.
_ _

Messrs. Cardo, Collins, Smart, and Deegan, having
briefly addressed the Convention upon the motion, and Mr.
James Taylor having asked leave to enter his protest
against it, which was refused, a Select Committee of
nine was appointed to draw up a plan for a complete and
effective organization of the country. With the exception
of Mr. James Taylor there was not a dissentient to the
appointment of this Committee.
On the motion of Mr. SKEVINOTON, three Delegates
were appointed to proceed to London to confer with Mem-
bers of Parliament on the best means of bringing the Peo-
ple's Charter, with the least possible delay, before the House
of Commons.
Adjourned at two till four o'clock.

WEDNESDAY EVENING.
(Continuation of the discussion on Ulterior Measures,

at the meeting on Wednesday. )
The debate on these measures was resumed this evening.
The question appeared to have excited the greatest inte-
rest, as the room throughout the evening was densely
thronged, whilst crowds were unable to gain admission.
. Dr. FLETCHEIt said that if the holiday must be post-
poned till the people had laid up sufficient means for their
maintenance during the suspension of labour, it must
never take place.--( Hear, hear.) But it was desirable
that there should be some time for organization and mak-
ing the necessary arrangement. It was very desirable,
too, that the other propositions in the manifesto should be
be previously carried into effect. The run on the banks,
especially, ought to be begun immediately.—( Hear, hear.)
This was calculated to embarass their opponents in the high-
est degree. The present state cf the banks would render it
unjustifiable to delay the carrying into effect a general
demand for gold.—( Hear, hear.) He did not advocate
this with a view to avoid the holiday. It was the most
effective measure for compelling their opponents to sub-
mit to the popular demands, and ought not longer to be de-
layed than while the other might have full effect.—( Hear,
hear.) He would propose the following amendment:—
That the people be called upon immediately to carry into
effect the Ist, 2d, 4th, and 6th propositions of the mani-
festo, and if the Charter be not passed into a law before the
20th of July, they be advised to commence a general ab-
stinence from all labour."

Dr. M'DouALL was in favour of a run upon the bank,
and exclusive dealing, but he looked upon the sacred
month as being best calculated to force from their oppres-
sors the people's rights, and as a revolution from whence
would arise that general reformation for which they were
ail struggling —( Hear, hear.) The people were well
organised in England, Scotland, and Wales ; and in Ash-
ton-under-Lyne, they had exercised their constitutional
right of being well armed.—( Hear, hear.) Still he was
anxious to witness a regular system adopted, which
would secure them from arrests, and that would
be best effected by dividing the people into sections of
tens, hundreds, and thousands.—( Hear, hear.) There
could be no danger of want during the sacred month, as
they had the store of their oppressors to fall back upon.—
( Hear, hear.)
Mr. &sow en said, that if he ever felt pleasure in his
life, it was at his having regained his liberty, in older that
he might record his opinion on the present subject.—.
( Hear, hear.) He well knew the feeling of the men of
Birmingham, and they were resolved to put an end to
their sufferings, and pull down their oppressors to the same
level with themselves.—( Hear, hear.)
Mr. More considered that the sacred month should not
be recommended until the Charter, which should be urged
on the Parliament with the least possible delay, was re-
jected. All the other propositions had his most hearty
concurrence.—( Hear, hear.)
Mr. BURNS was in favour of all the ulterior measures
being adopted. He was not desirous to force the people
to a premature step, still the probability of a dissolution
or prorogation of Parliament rendered it imperative upon
them to act with decision.—( Hear, hear.)
Mr. TILLEY had received instructions not to rote for
the sacred month until it was shown how the people,
when driven to the starvation point, were provided with
some means of living.—(Hear, hear.) He supported
Dr. Fletcher's amendment.
Mr. DEANS regretted to differ in opinion from any
gentleman, but he had received instructions from his
constituents to use his best efforts to cause the Conven-
tion to name the time when the sacred month shall corn-
mence.—( Hear, bear.) Distress is so great in the neigh-
bourhood of Manchester, that in that town alone front
10,000 to 12,000 rise every morning, and without know-
ing where to find a breakfast.—( Hear, hear.) The mills
in some instances have been stopped altogether, and in
most cases, are only working two days per week. The
manufacturers last week proposed a reduction of 30 per
cent. on wages, and if the working men will not agree to
that reduction, they will stop the mills altogether and
already 50 mill-owners have agreed to stop their mills for
a month.—( Shame.) If the time for the sacred month
is not named, the people in his district will be forced into
a collision with their oppressors.—( Ilear, hear.)
Mr. MARSDEN, after adverting with regret to the lan-
guage used by Mr. O'Connor and Bailie Craig, said
it was natural for men, or at least extremely common with
them to get out of danger themselves, and to put others in
the foremost ranks in the hour of danger; but this was not
the way in which the Members of the Convention should
act.—( Hear, hear.) The run upon the banks had already
operated upon trade, the tendency of which was to drive

EVENING ED'TiON.

men out of employment, and inflict the greatest sufferings
upon the working classes.—( Hear, hear.) Thus they had
sent the most wretched of their fellow-beings as a forlorn
hope to enter the breach in the wall of corruption.—( Hear,
hear ; No, no.) It was the duty of the Convention to lead
the way, and to form the forlorn hope, and with this feel-
ing he called upon them to name the day for the sacred
month.—( Hear, hear.)
Mr. NEESOM followed on the same side, snd supported
the view of the last speaker.
Mr. LOVETT said, that while he concurred with the
propriety of calling upon the people to immediately run
upon the backs, to convert their paper money into gold,
and to adopt the system of exclusive dealing, he did not
think that those measures of themselves would accomplish
the object.—( Hear, hear.) They would, however, be
auxiliaries to that end. They would annoy and harrass the
enemy, and weaken his power, therefore he was in favour
of the adoption, and he had no doubt but that the people
would follow up the good work they had begun, at all
sacrifiees.—(lear, hear.) He, however, thought that
the sacred month was the most efficient measure towards
securing their object—that of causing the People's Char-
ter to Is, .come the law of the land.--( Hear, hear.) But
while he entertained this opinion, he thought that great
prurience and caution were necessary, both in selecting the
time and making provisions for the contest. He
thought that the House of Commons ought to be tested
both on Mr. Attwood's motion and the People's Charter;
on the rejection of those measures by the House, he
thought the Convention ought to be prepared with a plan
by which the holiday, or sacred month, could be carried
successfully into effect.—(Hear, hear.) He believed the
Convention would do well to make a select.on of such
trades and occupations which, if they struck, would soon
compel all other trades to leave off work.--( Hear, bear.)
Ile thought, however, timely notice of the intention ought
to be given to the public, in order that a provision should
be mide, by a fund or otherwise, to induce such particular
and necessary trades and occupations to strike.—(Hear,
hear.) Thus they would compel the strike to be a general
one, the only thing which could insure success.—(Hear,
hear.) He knew that such trades were quite with the
Convention in determination ; yet the (Ailing upon others
to make soils provisions as we had alluded to would be a
kind of barometer by which to test opinion. It would
have its due weight with the middle classes, and force
them to make common cause with the people in pre-
venting danger by timely concessions to justice.—( Hear,
hear.) He voted for a run on the banks, but hoped the
Convention would not too hastily fix the day for the
holiday.—( Hear, hear.)
After some okservations from Messrs. Deegan, Wood-
house, Hartwell, Pitkeithley, and the Chairman, in fa-
vour of a run upon the banks, exclusive dealing, and
against prematurely fixing the day for the commencement
of the sacred month, but approving of the latter proposi-
tion in its proper time,
Dr. TAYLOR agreed not to press that part of the resolu-
tion fixing the day, but to substitute for it—." That the
Convention meet on the 13th of July, for the purpose_pf
fixing the day for the sacred month, in ease that the Char-
ter be rejected by the Commons' House."—( Cheers. )
The amendments were withdrawn, and the original re-
solution, in its amended form, was carried nem. con.

BERWICK, JUNE 28.—The crops in our neigh-
bourhood have :been very much improved by, the late rains,
which are supposed now to have fallen in sufficient quantity
for present purposes. The pastures and corn crops look
all well; in several fields in our immediate neighbourhood
the wheat and barley are already in ear, and otherwise in.
dicate a forwardness to maturity which, considering the
backward spring, is both surprising and gratifying. We
hear no calculations as to the period of the harvest ; and
in the absence of all grave forebodings of its lateness, we
conclude that there is no ground for alarm. —Scotch Paper.
CAPTAIN O'BRIEN'S ADVENTURES.—We are
requested to state that the new wo:k, entitled " My
Adtentures during the late War, comprising a Narrative
of shipwreck, Captivity, and Escapes from French Pri.
sons, from 1804 to 1827," by Captain D. 11. O'Brien,
R. N., dedicated by permission to her Most Gracious
Majesty Queen Victoria, is published this day, in 2 vols.
Bvo., with illustrations, by Mr, Celburn, of Great Marl-
borough-street, and may now be had of all bookseller's.
Mr. Colbuen has also this day published the new word
entitled " Temptation ; or, a Wife's Perils," in 3 vols.
post
_Bvo.

GRAND AGRICULTURAL MEETING AT
OXFORD.—.We understand Mr. Benjamin' Edgington, of
2, Duke-street, Southwark, has received instructions from
the Central Society of Agriculture to prepare canvass
covering far a temporary erection, enclosing the Quad-
angle of Queen's College, Oxford, being an area of 140
feet square, and capable of accommodating 2,000 persons
to dine. The fete will take place on the 17th of July, and
Earl Spencer is expected to be in the Chair.
DEAFNESS AND DEFECTIVE VISION.--At
length those dreadful maladies are completely obviated,
without torture and serious risk by medical treatment,
The Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, Opticians and A urists
to their Majesties the King and Queen of Hanover, and
their Royal Highnesses the Princesses Augusta and
Sophia, &c. Src , 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, have
constructed a Voice-Conductor, and newly-invented Spec-
tacle Lenses, which will be found in most extreme
cases to effect instant relief. It is seldom or ever
that an invention of striking- merit is laid befelre the
public that ignorant pretenders do not start forth:
in no case is this more observable than in Ireland as well as
England, by persons who not only assume the name of So-
lomons, but actually as having a connection with their
house, 39, Albemarle-street. Numerous ladies and gentle-.
men are daily calling who have been misled by these preten-
ders, and who have made purchases of their spurious imi-
tations, which they term Voice Conductors and Spectacles,
supposing them to be the Messrs. Solomons' invention,
which not only proved to be useless but productive of very
ill effects. The Messrs, Solomons do net employ any agents
or travellers—their improvements in the materials are secrets
to themselves, and are solely confined to their establish-
ment, 39, Albemarle-street.
SOCIETY OF ASSOCIATED BRITONS.--The
anniversary dinner of this excellent institution took. place
on Monday, at the Grove House, Camberwell, on which
occasion their much respected member, Mr. Heywood, of
Goodge-street, presided in that admirable way for which
he is so much distinguished, and by the urbanity and con-
viviality he displayed contributed greatly to the harmony
and happiness of all present. After the usual toasts bad
been drunk, the Chairman's health was proposed and re-
ceived with that enthusiastic applause he so well deserved,
and the company broke up with every feeling of gratifica-
tion, not only for the entertainment they had enjoyed, but
for the charitable purpose for which they had assembled.
The author of the most celebrated series of
Military Tales extant (" Stories of Waterloo") is on the
eve of publishing a History of the Victories and Conquests
of the British Armies during the last half century, the
most glorious period of our annals, including the splendid
achievements in the East, and the more recent triumphs in
Egypt, Spain, Italy, and Belgium. These are exciting
themes for an English reader, not only as exhibiting the
heroism of his countrymen, but as demonstrating the signal
effect which that heroism produced on the destiny of Eu-
rope. The author has already proved his high ability in
the treatment of such national and animating narratives.

SHEFFIELD PLATED WINE COOLERS.
A. R. SAVORY and SONS, Manufacturing Silversmiths,
14, Cornhill, London (opposite the Bank of England), have for
choice in their warerooms a Selection of PLAIN and ORNA-
NIENTAL ICE PAILS, to which they wish to direct attention.
The price of the Plain Tub-pail (now much in use), 81. 101.
the pair ; the Classic Vase (very neat), 101. Bs. the pair ; the
Victoria Pattern, 151. the pair ; the Dresden Cooler, 191. the
pair, &c., all of which are strongly mounted with Silver, and
have Silver Shields for Engraving the Crest or Coat of Arms.
A pamphlet is published, with drawings of the above and
other articles of plate generally, Which may be had on applica-
tion, free of cost.

PATENT L E VER WATCHES.
Price, at T. COX SAVORY'S, 47, Cornhill, Lyndon.
SILVER. CASES.
With double-bottom cases
£6 6 0
With hunting cases
6 16 6
COLD CASLS.
Size for ladies, with elegant gold dial l2 12 0
Size for gentlemen, with enamel dial
This celebrated construction (the most accurate on whiela
a watch can be made) is now offered at the above price, with
the latest improvements, i. e., the detached escapement,
jewelled in tour holes, capped, hand to mark the seconds,
and maintaining power to continue going while winding up.
'l'. COX SAVORY,
Working Silversmith, Goldsmith, ana Watchmaker, 47, Corn-
hill, London ( Seven Doors from Gracechurch-street).

/ it '1 HS.
On the 2d inst., at Worcester, Mrs. John Becke, of a
daughter.
On the 3d inst., in Upper Berkeley-street West, Mrs. Jeph-
son, of a daughter.
On the 3d inst., at Rye-terrace, Peckham, Mrs. David Blen-
karne, of a daughter.
On the 3d inst., at Lewisham, the lady of Samuel Legge,
Esq., of a daughter, still-born.
On the 3d inst., at Peckham Rye, Mrs. Edward M. Hardy
of a son.
On the 3d inst., in Alpha-road, St. John's.wood, the lady of
George Maclean, Esq., Assistant Commissary-General to the
Forces, of a daughter.