The Sun.
London, England, 1863-01-21 00:00:00

mountains of that island do, indeed, offer a
most promising field for English enter-
prise. " There is mountain land enough
in Jamaica now lying waste," says Mr. BOURNE,
to give cotton to the extent of a million
bales annually." Such an auxilliary is not to be
despised, and the sooner the experiment is made the
better, in order to confirm or dispel the hopes raised
upon it. We shall need all our resources to set our
mills at work again and restore the social wellbeing
of our factory hands, and what resources are so
trustworthy and available as those to be found in
our own colonies. It mty yet be the fate of the
American struggle to restore our West Indian pos-
sessions to their former prosperity, and to render the
hated " Britishers" in some measure independent
of an important branch of American commerce.

un-
kindest cut of all—a cut from France--more indeed
than a cut,
American vanity has at length received the a
home thrust, such a one, we should
think, as will leave its scar, at least for the life of
the EMPEROR. The great Republic of the United
States—so termed now by courtesy and the conven-
tionalism of diplomacy—is plainly told that, with
the best wishes for its prosperity, it is not wished
that it should be Dictator of the whole North of
America, and eventually of the Antilles themselves.
The Republic is told moreover that monarchy in
Mexico, although not to be established by force,
would be for the interest of France; and, as if
limitation of territory and monarchy were not
a dose unpleasant enough to be prescribed in one
paper, it is added that another "race" ought to be
restored to its prestige on the other side the Atlan-
tic ! In fact the notable old doctrine of "North
America for the Yankees" is calmly whiffed away by
the old ally of the United States. By that power,
but for whose aid the United States would never have
existed, would never at least have dissevered them-
solves from the old country by their ragged run-
away militia—that power now coolly tells them
that, very useful in their way, they would not be
useful as universal masters.

We refer, cf course, to the French EMPEROR'S
letter to Gen. FOREY, which many of our readers
would notice yesterday in The Sun. It is dated July 3,
though it has but just been communicated toEurope
and America. Evidently written to be published,
its language is smooth, plausible, conciliatory
throughout ; but, for the same reason, it is not pub-
lished till its writer is pretty sure of being able to
give effect to the projects he so quietly shadows
forth. What those objects are Louis NAPOLEON
probably has no wish that any of us should doubt ;
as little that France should doubt them. In the
speech to the Legislative Chamber and the
Senate, the EMPEROR could hardly be said
to intimate snore than that the honour
of France had been insulted in Mexico, and must
therefore be retrieved. But France, and Europe
too might ask why should France place herself in
the position in which her flag could be dishonoured?
The letter to General FOREY, containing full in-
structions for his conduct, furnishes the answer.
France was to give a Government to Mexico—a
Government which could discharge the pecuniary
claims of French subjects, that, however, would be
but a "shopkeeper's" motive for action—the Grand
Monarch of a grand nation had much higher objects
in view, objects much more for the honour and the
glory of France—he was aiming to create a nation
across the Atlantic which should, like Italy we
presume, owe a lasting debt of gratitude to France,
which should look to her for support, and thus give
France a weighty moral influence, if not one more
than moral, in the New World.
How were these ends to be attained ? First, a
suitable proclamation, in accordance with a draft
furnished him, was to be addressed by the General
to the .inhabitants. Next he was to win all the
willing to be won, by affability, to avoid quarrel-
ling with any party, to gain the ministers of
religion, and, if possible, at the same time not to
alienate those who had purchased church property,
to put arms in the hands of those who were willing
to fight for the French and Mexico, carefully to
avoid wounding national pride, and to tolerate no
military indiscipline in regard to the inhabitants :
5.n the EMPEROR'S own language " To receive with
the greatest kindness all the Mexicans who shall
present themselves. Not to espouse the quarrel
of any party; to declare that everything is
provisional, so long as the Mexican nation
shall not have expressed its opinion ; to show
great deference to religion, but at the same time,
to tranquillise the holders of national property. To
feed, pay, and arm, according to your means, the
Mexican auxiliary troops, and make them play
principal parts in the combats. To maintain
among your trcops as well as among the auxiliaries
the most severe discipline ; to vigorously repress
any act or word insulting to the Mexicans, for the
pride of the character must not be forgotten, and
it is important for the success of the enterprise to
conciliate the good feelings of the people."

• 4 \
4,46, 41.;'. art

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 21, 1863

A readiness of resource is one of the prominent
features of the Anglo-Saxon character. When
trouble or misfortune comes, be it deserved or un-
deserved, limited or extended in its effects, sugges-
tions, schemes, and projects to mitigate the evil
are seldom long wanting. So in the case of the
great distress that we are now suffering from in the
North, the danger and imminence of the case were no
sooner felt than provided for by an organised system
of national charity. But it was not enough to relieve
the effects so long as the cause remained untouched,
and-accordingly the question of the growth and
cultivation of cotton is daily engaging more of
public attention. At a meeting of the Statistical
Society last evening there was a very full attendance
to hear Professor LEONE LEVI read a discourse on
the cotton trade and manufacture. The learned
professor naturally confined himself to the history
of cotton in this country, which he traced from the
days when it was mainly imported, and the
chief use found for the material which now
affects the commerce of a world was the making
of cindlewicks. It is curious to compare
the development of our cotton and woollen manu-
factures. Professor LEVI tells us that the founda-
tion of the British woollen trade was laid as far
back as 1328 by the Flemings, who settled in
Manchester; yet that as late as the accession of
GEORGE EL no fabric consisting entirely of cotton
was made. We have all heard of those wonderful
inventions end striking improvements by which
HARGREAVES, ALKIVRIGITT, and CROMPTON revolu-
tionised our commerce and elevated the despised or
neglected fabric into the first of our mnnufactures. The
Btatistics given by Professor LEVI bring plainly
Infers? us the extent of th se facts, with whose out-
line we are already familiar. At the breaking out
of the American War there were, he observes,
6,300 factories in the United Kingdom, of Which
nearly the half were for cotton. "Of 36,500,000
spindles, 30,000,000 were for cotton: Of 490,000

power looms, 399000 were for cotton. Of 779,000
persons employed in factories, 450,000 were employed
in nottan factories ; and of £130,000,000, which
constituted the total value of goods manufactured in
in the United Kingdom, nearly £50,000,000 was the
value of the cotton:manufacture." The complete
dependence which we have hitherto placed ma one ,
country for our supply of the raw material, has, as
the lecturer remarked, long efforded grounds for
Ho agrees with Mr. LAING in his opi-
nion that, in any case, it will be some time before
Zan again supply us to the
Name extent. His views of our prospects
were, however, far from gloomy. He alluded to the
advance in Indian produm'ion which might be hoped
for from the introduction of railways and the adap-
tation of our machinery to the working of Indian
43tton, and referred to the favourable specimens
which our colonies have furnished, and the oppor-
tunities possessed by some foreign countries, which
they were now seeking to turn to advantage. Italy,
which 50 years ego supplied nearly all the cotton
consumed in the chief markets of Europe, has set
to work. Ugypt and Turkey both promise well
while in South and, Central America there is wid:a
scope for action. With regard to our own colonies
sanguine expectations are being formed of the success
of the cotton cultivation in Jamaica, whose fertile
mountains offer, it is said, unusual facilities for the
growth of tree-cotton. It is stated in an interest-
ing letter On this subject, which we publish in
another part of our impression, that Mr. KENDAL,
an American farmer, who has been experimenting
on its cultivation, describes a tree of this kind
theiu valley of Chipura as a perfLet speci-
growing
men.
,; foliog,3 had long been shed, but
fully burst and turned
the pods remaineo', having
their spotless buds in
• almost perfegt roses,
which covered the entire structure with a dense
mass of spotless glossy cotton. I had never seen
anything even co;proaniiinfy in perfection to. that
8°11"rY trte." In conjecturing the weight of the
yit:ld of the tree in qaestion, air. K-EIN Dl!' goes on
thr--.t he would not he willing to fallbelow
,s the aronnat of clean lint afforded by !be

When he had reached Mexico, for that was the 1
terminus of General FOREY'S journey, the semi-
civil, semi-military process was to begin. " The
p i incipal persons of all political shades
t whoan shal l
have embraced cur cause should coma o
under-
standingvere . The Governmentntwithyou toorganisewaillsubmitProvisionalto Gthe
o-
nnaMexican people the question of the political regime
which is to be definitively established. An assembly
will be afterwards elected according to the Mexican
laws. You will aid the new Government to intro-
duce into the administration, and particularly
I into the finances, that regularity of which
France offers the best model. For that purpose
men will be sent to second its new organisation."
In all this, it is explicitly mentioned that the
object to be attained is, not to "impose on the
Mexicans a form of government"—they are merely
to be "assisted" to establish a government accord-
ing to their own wishes. 'this is to be done, no
doubt, in the approved modern fashion, Nice and
Savoy serving the general for ready illustra-
tions.
How can the Mexicans but choose and act
freely under the. eye of h
which
htiehe armieslon gstoof the great
re-establish
ntoatgeoent,rt
p, , aotrrdoenre,s,s a
no
df
''cl of the liberty to be factious,
and of a
good deal of other liberty at the same time
most conducive to order, and
also. What regime is
to harmonious co-operation with otherieee w
epowers,are t
ea:d-
-i not be doubted by a Eurcpean ; hence
that ~ it follows as a matter of course, that, if the
Mexicans prefer a monarchy, it is for the interest
of France to support them in that pith."
ferlelineneweidil nboet,
when
nFrench m
what, i t is
aerxpieeest,e d their pre -
ce
and
Power—one which all statesmen have found anothervery
influential in reconciling needy
but turbulent
patriots with one another, and their
proper leader
—are co-operating with the Mexican leaders. In
a word, under the impartial, generous, Wise
I guidance of France, Mexico is to come forth a king-
dom or an empire, which is not to go begging, like
poor Greece, but to choose by an imperal conge
d'elire, a prince all ready for them.
But, the EmrEnolt condescends to anticipate an

anxiaty.

A merica

I?ilia

having a diameter of 12 feet at the base, and objection—one which thoughtless politicians and
raeasuring a trifle over 18 feet from base to apex. sour-faced taxpayers might offer in France, and
ii; as the writer f this letter states, excellent cot, which might occur to many in America, and in the
ton frenkperenniai shrubs has been picked 2,503 other countries of Europe, toe. there will not be
feet above the level of the lea in hmaica, the wanting people who wiU Mik you why we expend

ri,..,