The Sun.
London, England, 1863-04-01 00:00:00

who are engaged in it, and those who are instrumental in
l extending the commercial intercourse of nations may be
classed among the world's benefactors. (Cheers.) We have
recently persuaded the Government of France to extend
materially the commercial intercourse between the two coun-
tries. That measure was viewed not only with jealousy
but with hatred and alarm by great parties in France ; they
anticipated the ruin of their industry to the advantage
and good of ours. Well, they have seen that while on the
one hand our commercial prosperity has been increased by
the operation of that treaty, and has found in it some equi •
valent for the loss which unfortunate events in America
have created, on the other hand, the French have benefited
like ourselves ; and both parties have now come to a con-
viction that they have opened their eyes to the truth, and
that extended commercial intercourse not only promotes
friendly feelings between the nations by whom it is carried
on, and is therefore an additional security for peace, but it
tends alike to enrich both parties who are engaged in it.
There was another prejudice, which I think has been of late
years greatly diminished, if not altogether removed. There
was long a feeling, and more especially among the working
classes, that there was a natural antagonism between capi-
tal and labour; that the capitalist was the enemy of the la-
bourer, while the capitalist looked often upon the labourer
as not very friendly to him. Why, that opinion is founded
upon the grossest possible mistake. What would capital ac-
complish without labour, and What could labour effect
if there were net capital to employ it ? The two depend on
each other—the one is created out of the other. Without
labour there could be no accumulation of capital, and with-
out the accumulation of capital there could never be a suffi-
cient and increasing employment for labour. And therefore
these two classes, the capitalist and the labourer, should,
and I believe they do, look upon each other as mutually
necessary the one for the other. The capitalist, instead of
grudging the wages which are due to merit and exertion, is
glad to find that by increased skillthe wages and advantages
of labour may go on increasing, and the labourer, on the
other hand, ought to see with pride and satisfaction the ac-
cumulation of those fortunes which are made by a judicious
employment of capital, which necessarily carries with it an
extensive and profitable employment of labour. (Cheers.)
Now, I address you to-night in a double capacity. I
think I may be entitled to call you " friends, good
friends, and fellow-labourers." (Cheers.) Good friends
you have amply shown yourselves to be ; fellow-la •
bourers I contend we are, because we all of us labour assi-
duously, and we hope not without success, in the service
of our common country. (Cheers.) Our sphere of action
may not be the same, but we both labour in the same way ;
we labour with our hands and our brains, and I can tell you
though our labour is of a different kind, it is perhaps not
very different in degree, that our brains are constantly
working like yours, our hands are never, hardly without
the pen in their fingers—(cheers)—and therefore 1 feel there
is a sympathy between us—that we ought mutually to feel
regard the one for the other, that you ought to feel that
those who are working in the service of their country to the
best of their belief and to the best of their ability for the
good of the country, are doing the same thing you your-
selves are doing—namely, exerting the faculties with which
God has endowed them for the benefit of the country to
which theythave been allotted. (Cheers.) You have been
pl Awed in that address which I have had the honour to re •
ceive to advert to the course which I have pursued, together
with those whom I have had the honour of having as col-
leagues in the transaction of those affairs we have had to
manage. Well, really, gentlemen, we have done no more
than I believe any one of you under similar circumstances
would have done. We have had the good of our country at
heart. (Cheers.) We love and admire our country. We
believe, as I hope you do, rightly or wrongly, that it is the
first country in the world. (Cheers.) And we have on all
occasions, to the best of our conviction and ability, endea-
voured to promote its welfare and interests, whether at
home or abroad. (Cheers.) We have indeed, I think, been
successful, in the first place, in making peace whenever and
as long as peace could be maintained. There have been
occasional interruptions, but these interruptions were
Judged by the unanimous voice of the people to have been
called for by a due regard to the interests, the honour, and
the dignity of the country. (Cheers.) And upon these
occasions we have been supported by the voice of the na-
tion and its representatives in Parliament. It will be our
anxious desire to pursue the same course, and we have
done so in regard to those lamentable events now passing
among our kinsmen on the North American continent,
in spite of invitations from each of the two parties to
take an active part in the contest than we thought
it oar duty and for the national interest that we should.
(Cheers.) There are in the United Kingdom, as there are
in America, Federal and Confederate advocates; there are
some who wish success to the North; there are others who
desire separation for the South. It is not fitting or becom-
ing
that the British nation as a nation should take part in
that contest. (Cheers.) It is a lamentable event in the
history of mankind, and depend upon it that war under any
circumstances is a great affliction to a country ; that of all
wars that most afflict a nation, a civil war is the one most
to be deplored—for there you have brother fighting against
brother, relations arrayed against relations ; you have a
contest scattered over the wide surface of the country, and
desolation marking the track of the contending armies per-
haps greater even than would be inflicted by the invasion
of a foreign force. We lament that state of things ; we
should be most happy if it had been in the power of this
country,by available interposition to reconcile those conflict-
ing parties, but we felt and we know that any attempt of
that kind in the existing state of things would have an
effect the reverse of that we intended, would not accomplish
the purpose we had in view, and would render it difficult, if
not impossible. If a different state of things should arise,
that the friendly counsels of England should be listened to
with success (cheers), I am persuaded that you, gentlemen,
and the rest of the people of this country will think that we
acted rightly in taking that decision, (Cheers.) That
war has, indeed, inflicted deep suffering and privation upon
large portions of the working classes of this country—
less perhaps in point of extent here in Glasgow than
in Manchester and other manufacturing districts ; but even
here it must have been grievously felt, and many might
have felt that we, by taking part in that contest, and declar-
ing ourselves on one side or the other, might have put an end
to that privation and hardship ; but that would have been
a shortsighted course, and, depend on it, if we had taken
that course we should have failed in our object and in-
creased, instead of diminishing, the suffering we intended to
alleviate. (Cheers.) It is true we have always endea-
voured to assist by all the legitimate means in our power
the development of those principles of government which
form the happiness and prosperity of this country among
other nations who are willing to adopt them. and the suc-
cess of our endeavours has been great, because, whereas
some 20 years ago there was hardly a State on the continent
of Europe which enjoyed constitutional Government, there
is now hardly one State which in one shape or another has
not the advantage of some sort of popular representation.
With the improvements of commercial principles the im-
provement of political condition must follow, because the
extended intercourse which commerce, railways, and steam
boats afford must tend to diffuse among other nations those
very principles upon which we pride ourselves, and of which
we enjoy the benefits ; and we have seen progressively that
happiness which belongs to ourselves spreading from country
to country, and promoting the welfare of the human race.
(Cheers.) There was one circumstance adverted to by your
worthy chairman which also is a great advantage and a proud
circumstance connected with the institutions of this country,
—namely, that there is no station, no amount of wealth,
no condition of dignity or power, which is not open to every
man who has intellect and good conduct to arrive at it,
whatever may be the starting point from which he begins,
and however comparatively humble his position at the out-
set may be. (Cheers.) The country abounds with men of
Immense wealth, honestly and honourably acquired by the
industry and the intelligence which they have displayed
men who began by working themselves, and who have
ended by being great and wealthy proprietors and diffusing
by their generous conduct among others who are still where
they began those advantages which their command of wealth
and the goodness of their hearts enabled them to diffuse. We
have seen in the highest positions of the Law, of the Church,
of Parliament, of office men who either themselves began in
the way I have mentioned, or whose fathers, at all events,
were in the condition to which I have alluded; and must
not these examples encourage you, gentlemen, whom I am
now addressing to persevere in that honourable industry
which you are now so usefully to yourselves and thl)
country engaged in prosecuting; and may I not anticipate
that I now see among you those who may hereafter become
wealthy owners of large estates, men of large fortune, who
maywho
mrisaeytohodisotharincgtioodn in various careers connected with
the Government of the country, and that I or others
may meet in the House of Commons men from among you
with the administration of public
affairs. And I will venture to say if such should be the
case, that man will follow the footsteps of him whom you
have honoured this evening ; he will endeavour to the best
of his ability to prove his devotion to his country, prove
hi▪ s love and affection for his fellow-countrymen, and
wi▪ ll strain every nerve to promote the international welfare
and the foreign interests, dignity, and honour of his country.
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ceived re-
from you this evening of the goodwill and regard of
a great number of his fellow-countrymen who gave him
that good will and who feel that regal d simply because they
are convinced that he is a man who, in discharging the
duties that have fallen to his lot, has done to the best of his
t ability that which was due from him to his country, his
Sovereign, and his countrymen. (Loud cheering.)
Lord Palmerston resumed his seat amid loud and
continued cheering. Adresses were afterwards de-
livered by Mr. Sheriff Bell, Mr. J. A. Campbell,
and Mr. Kinnaird, and the proceedings terminated
shortly after 11 o'clock.

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