The Sun.
London, England, 1863-11-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LOINDON,6r SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 14, 1863,

I difficulty been bravely and stedfastly met, and the
sudden and almost total suspension of one of the
chief branches of national trade and commerce has
failed to work the evil anticipated. This time we
had something to learn as to the mismanagement
that had brought the catastrophe upon us, but the
elasticity of our resources and the temper and spirit
of the people have received a most striking illustra-
tion. The American war and its apparently hope-
less progress filled the closing paragraphs of Sir
EDWARD BERING'S speech. He professed himself a
firm supporter of the South—a sentiment which the
audience apparently shared, to judge from the loud
applause with which they greeted it. On the vexed
question of the rams, the speaker expressed his hope
that the Government would pursue a straightfor-
ward course, and that if the construction of the
rams bo proved to be illegal the constructors should
suffer the penalties imposed by law ; but that if no
such law could be shown to be in existence, we
might not be induced by threats to pass any Legis-
lative enactment to that effect. It is not at all im-
probable that the early days of next session may
witness a debate, or even a trial of strength, on this
very point; and it is therefore well for every mem-
ber fully and clearly to set the case before himself
and his constituents. Sir EDWARD DERING'S
statement is a just and temperate one, as it would
evidently be a most unfair proceeding to alter the
laws of the country to render that act culpable
which, when committed, was not intended to in-
fringe the laws of the country. Such meddlesome
legislation will not suit the temper of Englishmen,
and he will bs an unwise and an impolitic Minister
who endangers his place and his reputation by
tampering with our sturdy old English laws at the
bidding of foreign agents.

The ceaseleEs activity of our commercial life un-
questionably gives great facilities to the crafty and
designing, as well as affording opportunities to
honest and honourable enterprise. It is a trite say-
ing, that if there were no fools there would be no
knaves; but it is as hopeless to look for a commu-
nity wholly composed of wise and prudent men, as
for a city in which there should be no rogues. The
one is as likely as the other, and all that those who
are both wise and honest can do is to interfere as
far as is consistent with individual liberty of action
between the plotter and his dupe. Of the many
various kinds of fraudulent money-making now
commonly practised among us, there is none perhaps
more cruel and disastrous in its results than that
perpetrated under the guise of seeming kindness,
which takes advantage of a man's necessities and
difficulties to involve him in a network from which
he is never to escape, except at the price of all he
has. The system carried on by many money-lenders
is very similar to that pursued by the spider to the
unfortunate fly he can entice within his perilous
meshes, and the fate prepared for the victim is no
less merciless. They entrap the young and thought-
less beginner, who having outrun his quarter's in-
come, or wishing to enter upon some expense just
above his means, is delighted at the prospect so
plausibly held out to him, and walks into the snare
with little delay. Then comes the old story, inte-
rest at ruinous rates, simple and compound, time
granted on extravagant conditions, which the miser-
able debtor is forced to accede to, and as the chain
grows tighter and tighter round him, it is pressed
more earnestly, for the creditor knows that escape
is no longer possible. Many a young man in good
position, with fair means for a moderate ambition,
has had cause to deplore his first acquaintance with
the smooth-spoken gentleman, who so pleasantly
promised to help him out of his little temporary
embarrassments. A striking instance of the system
pursued has just been laid before the public by a
gentleman, who tells us that on Monday morning
he entered on his duties as clerk at Somerset-house,
and on Tuesday, the very day following, he received
a letter from one of these money-lenders, assuring
him of the easy, convenient, and confidential terms
on which ho advanced money to gentlemen in his
position. How many would have fallen into the
trap, and how close must be the watch kept on all
civil appointments and other likely quarters for a
fresh supply of credulous dupes. It is a pity that
the law cannot be framed to catch some of these
harpies tripping, and to punish them as they
deserve when caught.

HUNTING ACCIDENT. Lord Middleton nearly
lost his " first whip" on Monday night. The meet
was at Sledmcre, and some of the hounds were scattered,
and the first whip remained to get them together. The
night was very dark, and being a stranger, this being his
first season—he took the country by Wharram home.
Behind Wharram Church there are some spring heads, and
into one of these horse and rider fell, the horse being
uppermost. Both lay in the cold spring water unable to
extricate themselves, but, curiously enough, both with
heads above water, The hounds in the dark were heard
down the valley as far as Wharram station, and by the

passengers in the last train on the Driffield Rail.
way. As the hounds continued to cry for so long a time,
some labourers set off in the direction of the cries to see
what was the matter. Here the man who found the pitiable
position of the " whip" was prevented rendering him any
help by the dogs, which for some time would not permit
man or horse to be touched, and would clearly have worried
any one attempting a rescue single-handed. Both man and
horse, however, were eventually got out, after two hours'
immersion. The " whip" was taken to the nearest house,
and was soon able to move about again. The hunter, how-
ever, a valuable mare, took a great deal of getting round,
and seemed by far the worse of the two. Had not assistance
arrived man and horse must inevitable have been starved
to death.

THE COMPLETE LIST OF THE NATIONAL COM-
MITTEE for the Shakespeare Celebration has been
issued, and a public meeting is shortly to bo convened for
the purpose of deciding npon the precise course to be fol.
lowed, and the form which the Commemoration is to take.
At present nothing seems to have been definitely fixed, be-
yond the affirmation of the general principle that the Com-
memoration should be effected "in a manner which shall
be in some degree worthy of Shakspeare and of the
ceuntly," One thing only seems certain, that on the anni-
versary-day shall be laid " the first stone of a monument in
a conspicuous part of London." The list of the committee
now put forward contains the names of 276 gentlemen
whose names are, for the most part, connected with British
literature and art. Among the few foreign names, we
notice those of M. Gallait, the great Belgian historical
painter, M. Louis Blanc, and M. Fechter, who has done
such noble work for Shakespeare. The president and
patron are not yet named; but it is not impossible that the
name of the Prince of Wales may soon appear in connection
with the former office, and that his gracious mother will
consent to allow herself to be nominated to the latter post.
The vice-presidents are the Archbishop of York, the Duke
of Manchester, the Earl of Carlisle, the Earl Stanhope,
Charles Dickens, Esq., W. C. Macready, Etq., and Alfred
Tennyson, .Eeq. With reference to the idea of a monu-
ment, certain writers are adopting the tone of opposing the
monument on the ground that Shakespeare's greatness is
so unquestioned that he has no need of any monument.
This seems to us to ho tantamount to declaring that monu-
ments should only be erected to the memory of insignificant
men, a theory which only insignificant men can be in-
terested in supporting.—The Queen.

MEDICINES : THEIR IMPURITIES AND ADCL-
TERATIONS.—The Lancet has just commenced the
publication of a new series ut investigations, relative to the
impurities and adulterations of medicines, giving, as it did
in the case of its inquiries respecting the adulteratisn of
food, the names of the vendors of whom the analysed
winkles were, obtained. The report in the lancet of this
ie on 46 sweet spirit of nitre"—a remedy, perhaps,
that thi
more extensively employed than any other. It shows, first,
s article, when not adulterated, is usually in a very
,itpu
annipLes s‘tvaetTee,
abouut thatit,,r,t eci:).y fsaormtehe
of greater number
enreundlibluertedofwtihthe
water, which formed in some cases a fourth, in others a
third, and in one instance even half, the so-called spirit;
while others, contrary to the Wishes and instructions of the
College of Physicians, were prepared with me' hylatec spirit,
costing about 3s. 6d, per gallon,
in place of spirits of wine
at 225. per gallon. These invest; p
gati
second only in importance to those whicons promise h
appeared into
the
e
Lancet for so many years relating to food and drink,

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

[REUTER'S TELEGRAM.]

CALCUTTA, CHINA, AND AUSTRALIA
MAILS.

The following telegram has been received at
Mr. Reuter's office from the Peninsular and Ori-
ental Steam Navigation Company :
MARSEILLES, Nov. 14.
The Massilia, with the above mails, arrived here
at 7.30 a.m. this day.
The mails leave for London by the 11.30 a.m.
train.

THE EUROPEAN CONGRESS.
VIENNA, Nov. 14,

The Courts of Vienna, Berlin, and London have
agreed to accept the proposal of a Congress under
certain modifications. The Ministers of the Great
Powers will confine themselves to the consideration
of questions at present pending. Only States con-
cerned in th© entire execution of the programme
will have a seat and vote at the Congress. Most
positive guarantees for the thorough carrying out
of the programme will be required.

ITALY,
THE NATIONAL BANK OF TURIN.
TURIN, Nov, 14,

The National Bank of Turin has raised its rate
of discount from 7 to 8 per cent.

THE POLISH INSURRECTION,
POSEN, Nov. 10.

The insurrection in the palatinate of Lublin has
lately taken a threatening turn for the Russians.
General Kruk has ten detachments operating under
his orders, commanded respectively by Wierzbicki,
Ruszki, Kozlowski, Szydlowski, Krysinski, Le-
niewski, Sucbodolki, Cryzewicz, Sieukiewicz, and
Janosza.

In the palatinates of Sandomir and Cracow the
detachments of Bosak, Rembajlo, Chmie!ewski, and
Czachowski display extreme activity. The recent
disasters they have suffered have only retempered
their courage and their hopes.

In the palatinate of Kalisch several well-armed
detachments, among others that of Korytkowski,
are under the direction of Colonel Kopernieki.
In Cujuria three detachments of cavalry, one of
which is commanded by Okoniewski, hold the
country successfully against the Russians.

In Augustow, notwithstanding the persecutions
of General Mouravieff, the insurrection increases

daily.

Lastly, in the palatinate of Plock, in Podlachia
and in Masovia, recent engagements in which the
Poles have uniformly proved victorious, sufficiently
demonstrate the vitality of the insurrection in those
regions.

ST. PETERSBURG, Nov. 8.

The ltzvalide Russo of yesterday announces that
the Emperor left the Castle of Livadia in the Crimea
the day before yesterday upon his return to this
city. The Empress will leave to-day, remai❑ a
night in ;Moscow, and arrive at Tzarskoe-Selo the
succeeding day. The Grand Duke Constantine and
his wife are again about to go abroad, and will most
likely pass through Austria. The Emperor's third
brother, the Grand Duke Michael, Viceroy in the
Caucasus, will return with his consort to Tiflis.

Many rumours are current of what passes in the
Imperial Family, but little is really known. The
Polish suite of the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess
Constantine is said to be especially distasteful to
the Empress. 11 this be true, the approaching
journey of the Grand Ducal pair sufficiently shows
which influence has gained the day.
It is questionable whether the Emperor Napo-
leon's speech and the projects therewith connected
will alter our Polish policy. Little chance as there
is of the notion of a general Congress—often, by the
way, proposed by Prince Gortsehakoff—being point
blank rejected, there is equally little probability
of its unconditional acceptance. Certain guaran-
tees would undoubtedly be first required to avoid
falling into a trap. Everybody here is agreed that
Napoleon's proposition will be far less inconvenient
to Russia than to Austria, and that the Emperor
Francis Joseph would be unable to avoid the par-
ticipation of Italy in the Congress. He could still
less refuse to take part himself, after having re-
cently set on foot Congresses of Princes and Minis
ters with so much gusto.

It is stated that the Imperial Bank has refused
to aid the Exchange Bank, just founded in Riga,
either with advances or credit, although the Finance
Minister had held out the prospect of both, The
success of the new undertaking may, therefore, be
regarded as very doubtful.

LITERATURE,

lAtontalembert's Last Great Speech.

L'Eglise Libre Dans L'Etat Libre. Discours pro-
noncei an Congres Catholique de Mantles. Par
le Comte de Montalembert, I'un dee Quarante de

l'Academie Franclise. Pp. 188. Paris : Daunio

Within the last few days we bad, in common
doubtless with a multitude of others alike in France
and in England, the anguish—for, unaffectedly, the
feeling was nothing less poignant than one of
anguish—of remarking the ventilation in the sittings
of the new Imperial Chamber of Representatives at
Paris of another name than the name of Montalem-
bert as the member for Daubs. A reperusal of these
most impressive arguments comes to us, since then,
as in some small degree a consolation. It is so far
a consolation, at least, that it places us au courant
with the views of the Count de Montalembert upon
one of those root-questions the most vitally affecting
the whole condition of the Christian dispensation in
its relations with Modern Civilisation. The opinions
of a man so profoundly and tenderly devoted to the
divine interests of Christianity, and of one who is
at the same time so warm and ardent a champion of
the infinitely sub Ordinate, yet still sublime and even
sacred, interests of Civilisation, of Modern Civilisa-
tion—eannot but be all the more eagerly welcomed,
now that circumstances have unhappily hushed his
voice as that of one of the boldest political thinkers
and speakers in his native land. The discredit of the
circumstances thus hushing that voice, so long beloved
and honoured among the more enlightened body of
Frenchmen, does not, however, by any means, as it
appears to us, attach exclusively to the imperial
system now dominant in France. That system
has its share, and a lion's share to boot it
is, of that discredit. But the discredit re-
ferred to, we cannot but repeat this as our
conviction, does n9t, in any way, as it sp-
ears to us, appertain to it exclusively. The People
must share it with the Government. The multitude
of electors have participated with the Napoleonic
institutions, in closing the door against the Count de
Montalembert as a candidate claiming admission as
freeman and (as the Count does not himself, of course,
4ffect to be, but simply is) as a great orator, as a
pure and philosophiclegislator, as a world-renowned
champion at once of Religion and Liberalism, honour-
ably seeking admission into that scene of his ancient
triumphs, the hall of the French Parliament, the
tribune of the French Legislature. However brought
about, the exclusion of Montalembert from that hall,
from that tribune, was nothing less—our innermost
feelings aver this—was nothing, was absolutely
nothing less, than a heinous act of ingratitude. To
open his lips—meaning by that simple phrase, his
whole mind as well, his soul, his heart, his very

conscience—to open his lips frankly in regard to a
matter of such vital and momentous import as that
of " A Free Church in a Free State," of their
position relatively to each other, of their
being absolutely essential, eaoh to each—the
Count, de Montalembert was constrained to
cross the northern frontiers of France, to

ascend the steps of a Belgian tribune, and to speak
then and there, not in France, not at Paris, as four
thousand people remember him to have spoken a
very few munths, little more than a very few weeks
back, in the old Flemish city of Mechlin or Malines.
Breathing the pure atmosphere of thatoonbtitutional
country, the Count de Montalembert spoke, it will
be remembered, with a boldness, and a precision, and

anunflinching determination to lay bare his own deli•
berate convictions in regard to everything constitut•
ing or relating to " A Free Church in a Free State,'

As to startle many of those who were most familiar

with that boldness of thought and speech for which
the Great Orator during his whole life, his pure and
noble life, has been so pre-eminently remarkable.
For ourselves, in his regard, we can speak, and
think, and feel, perhaps, in a more peculiar man-
ner, dispassionately. It is the privilege, it is in one
sense the right of this true Champion of Religion
and of Liberalism—call him as a Politician and as
a Christian what you please—it is the Count de

Montalembert's privilege, it is his right,
to be regarded with peculiar and most

unprejudiced sympathy here in this Pro-
testant England. His views in regard to the
relations: that ought to hold between the Church
and the State, are, for the most part, identical with
the views of freeborn Englishmen. His opinions, in
regard to the political forms of Government are
substantially and peculiarly those entertained by
the great mass of us Englishmen. Constitutional
Government—a Constitutional Government such as

that which has grown up here in England during
many centuries—is what he cherishes the belief may
yet come to be the possession of hia fellow country-
men. Startling though his views and opinions
were to many of those who listened to his great
oration at Malines, to us they come quite naturally
and familiarly. They are the echoes of the thoughts
and convictions we have long cherished. Happily
we have had occasion, since the speech was first
delivered at the Congress, to note how the doubts
first of all excited amongst a certain proportion
of its hearers, and afterwards of its readers,
have been cleared away. At this moment they
nave all bat vanished altogether. The Coutit's
views are no longer looked at doubtingly,
wistfully, and askance. They are accepted for
what they are, for what he meant them to be. The
orator has himself taken the trouble to specify with
the utmost distinctness what in effect was the scope
of their inner meaning or general significance. He
did so origina ly in a recent number of Le Corres-
pondant, as a sort of supplement to the issue of
the two speeches, or rather of the two halves of
the great oration, given in successive numbers of
chat able and brilliant periodical. Here together with
the explanatory note, the speech itself appears in its
collective form. In that collective form, as a sepa-
rate and substantial publication,it comes to us cer-
tain of obtaining—what weyield it upon the instant,
with open hands and with open heart—a welcome.
The voice of the Great Orator will be found by those
who may here hearken to it again, will be found
by them to have lost, through lack of use, none of
its former resonance. It comes to 'us, once more
like one of the dear familiar voices of old, melo-
diously, sonorously, but, by reason of more than
one sorrowful remembrance, with yet one additional
touch of beauty in its vibration—the sound as of
suppressed tears in it. As we listen, it is the friend
of Lacordaire (hushed, even in the pulpit, before
death) who is speaking to us—in a word, it is
MONTALEMB ERT.

Les Institutions Representatives En Autriche.
Par P. De Haulleville. Pp. 175. Paris :
Guillaumin et Cie.
Having recently directed attention, in our lead-
ing columns, to these very happily -timed Papers
of M. de Haulleville, on the occasion of their
original appearance in the pages of Le Correspon-
dant, it now merely remains for us to notify the
fact, here, of their separate and collective republi-
cation, As such they can hardly fail to prove, where-
ever they may be met with, especially acceptable.
They aro certainly most acceptable to ourselves.
Acceptable for their own intrinsic merits as a
cluster of brilliant magazine articles, and still more
than that, for the deep interest attaching to them
as the most:comprehensive, searching, and perfectly
dispassionate exposition that has anywhere yet
appeared, of the extraordinary movement of rehabi-
litation, of general transformation, now visibly
Ind appreciably in process of development
in the whole form, substance, spirit, genius, of the
imperial Austrian Government. Th it movement
is now being watched with the liveliest interest
in this country. Nor can it be any wonder at all
that it should be so. For what, in simplest truth,
is the nature of that movement Nothing less, in
reality, than the substitution for a Despotic Go-
vernment, of a Government strictly and essentially
Constitutional. For inasmuch as M. de Haulle-
ville's pages, here, afford us a keen insight in the
dse,progress,and general development of the changes
now being effected throughout the administration
)f the vast Austrian empire, from the central point
if the imperial capital of Vienna, we have reason
to feel indebted to him for his exceedingly able
chapters (there are ten of them) upon the subject :
chapters that have already won for themselves a
wide popularity through the medium of Le Corr°.