The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-03 00:00:00

WILLS AND BEQUESTS

(From the Illustrated London News.)
The will of Sir John Walter Pollen, Bart., of Rodenham,
near Andover, Hants, was proved in London on the 17th ult.
by his relict, Lady Pollen, the solo executrix. The personal
property was sworn under £14,000. The testator succeeded
to the baronetcy on the death of his father in 1314 ; was
twice returned M.P, for Andover, was late colonel of the
South Hants Militia and deputy lieutenant of the county,
and died at the age of 79, having executed his will in April,
1862. To his relict, Lady Pollen, he bequeaths a lite
interest in his estate and residence at Rendenham, with
the lands thereto, and directs that certain portions of the
plate, &c shall be held as heirlooms with the succession to
.9
his estate and title, which has descended to his nephew, now
Sir Richard Hungerford Pollen, Bart. The testator also
leaves to his relict, Lady Pollen, the interest arising from
his personal estate, which, upon her ladyship's decease, is to
be applied to the renewal of the leases of the advowson and
tithes of Andover.

The will of the Rev. John Russell, D.D., Canon of Can-
terbury, Rector of St. Botolph, Bishopagate, was proved in
the London Court by his eons and executors—Francis Rus-
sell, Esq., barrister-at-law, and the Rev. William Russell.
The personal property was sworn under £35,000. Dr. Russell
was appointed to a canon.•ry in Canterbury in 1827, and to
the rectory of St. Botelph's in 1832. This valuable living
is returned in the Clergy List at £2,290 a-year. Dr. Russell
executed his will April, 1862, and died in the Oak Precincts,
in the city of Canterbury, in June last. The will is attested
by the Revs. James Bell and William Gill, curates of St.
Botolph's. lie bequeaths to his wife a life interest in his
property, saving an annuity of £250 to his daughter Mary ;
and upon the decease of his relict leaves to each of his
daughters, Augusta and Mary, such a sum as, with other
securities, will make up £B,OOO to each. The remainder of
his property to be equally divided betweed his two sons, his
executors, Some liberal legacies are left to servants.

The will of Major Francis Wingrave Pinkney, C. 8., late
a Commissioner of Jhansee, in Central India, a major in her
Majesty's Indian Forces, was proved in London by John
Rees Whitecombe, Esq., M.D., one of the executors—power
being reserved to Lieutenant IL P. Lane, of the Madras
Artillery, the other executor and trustee nominated in the
will. This gallant military' officer executed his will a few
months before his decease, devising his freehold estate in
Glamorganshiro to his oldest son, and dividing his personal
property amongst his children.

to say that he thought agricultural as compared with other
science was a little behind hand, although it was the first
branch of industry that was cultivated by the human race.
He was very glad to hear the tribute which had been paid
by the gallant officer who returned thanks for the army and
navy to the agricultural classes, and hear him say that it
was from that class that our best soldiers were obtained.
Still it was rather to be lamented that agriculture was at
the present moment behind almost all other pursuits of life.
They were, he thought, as a class at least 50 years behind
any other cla,s following pursuits the objects of which were
to increase human means and human happiness, and to do it
by availing themselves of all the circumstances necessary to
ensure success. Mineralogy, meteorology, chemistry, and
mechanics had as yet contributed little or nothing to agri-
cultural science compared with what might be expected
from them—(hear, hear)—and in his view of the question
the science of meteorology alone would become one of the
greatest exponents to teach farmers when it would be pro-
per to cultivate one particular description of produce rather
than another. At the present moment the study of meteo-
rology as an agricultural science was entirely neglected,
and there was no man who attended to it in the slightest
degree in an agricultural point of view. Who could doubt
that if due attention was paid, and a proper record made of
the various changes in z ecurring seasons, such an accumu-
lation of experience would be obtained as would enable the
farmer to judge beforehand in what manner he should direct
his industry and his course of crops. So again with respect
to the improvement of the soil and the application of manure
much remained to be done. Then again, in regard to the
application of mechanical power to agricultural labour, no
one could doubt that a great change had come over the far-
mers, and many prejudices had been dispelled. Of this,
therefore, they might be assured that no riots would
ever take place because machinery was resorted to as a
means of assisting agriculture. It was a remarkable
fact that, according to all experience that had
yet been obtained on the subject, wherever they
had introduced machinery, and had thereby displaced one
labourer, they had actually introduced two others in conse-
quence of the adoption of improved machinery. That ought
to be borne in mind by every one interested in the question.
He rec,llected very well being At torney-General at the time
of the introduction of railway traffic, when a deputation of
post-horse masters waited upon the then Chancellor of the
Exchequer, Mr. Goulburn, and put in a strong claim for
the reduction of the post-horse duty, on the ground that the
diminution in the amount of duty might be so great that it
would be hardly worth collecting. But, said Mr. Goulburn,
" Gentlemen, if that be the only ground on which you can
urge for a remission of the duty, I assure you that you are
very much mistaken, for so far from there having been any
diminution in the number of post. horses consequent upon
the introduction of railway traffic, the post-horse duty has
actually doubled." And that was perfectly true. Those
who expected that the number of horses would be diminished
by the introduction of the railway system were never more
mistaken in their lives, for the number of horses was doubled.
So, again, when a new mode of conveyance was started in
the metropolis, great complaints were made by the hackney
coach and cab proprietors that their business would be
ruined, whereas, on the contrary, it was greatly increased,
because people soon found out that it was a great advantage
_ _

to them not to use up that strength in walking which they
required for the performance of their ordinary duties.
(Cheers.) It was a great pleasure to him to find himself
respected by those among whom he lived, and he thought
he might say ho had been of some service—(cheers)--for
although he was Attorney-General at the time of the Re-
becca riots, he was engaged and successfully engaged, in
the removal of a toll-bar in that neighbourhood, for which
he had the pleasure of receiving a testimonial at the hands
of the farmers and others passing that road. (Hear, hear.)
In conclusion, he begged to return his sincere and hearty
thanks for the manner in whieh his name had upon all oc-
casions been received by them. (Cheers.)
The health of the county members was then drunk, the
chairman apologising for their unavoidable absence on the
present occasion.
The next toast was, " The House of Commons, in connec-
tion with the name of Mr. Lindsay, M.P."
Mr. LINDSAY, on rising, was received with cheers. lie
thanked them very warmly for associating his name with
the House of Commons, of which he had now been a mem-
ber for some years. The longer he was a member of that
house the prouder he was of his connection with it. It was
indeed a noble assembly, and, after all, the palladium of our
national liberties. It was an assembly to which not only
the people of the British Empire looked as an impartial re-
presentative body, but it was an assembly to which the four
quarters of the world looked, and were actuated by the opi-
nions expressed in it, because they believed that the opinions
there expressed were always boldly and honestly avowed.
Above all, it was an assembly which truly represented the
opinions of the great British people. No doubt there were
times and occasions when the leaders of that assembly did
not fully adopt the sentiments of the people and the house,
and when even the leaders of the Executive Government
did not fully express the feelings and sentiments of that
assembly. (Hear, hear.) Even at the present moment he
believed there were some great questions on which he was
afraid the Government did not altogether represent the
opinions and sentiments of the people or of the House of
Commons. The noble earl at the head of the Foreign-
office, when speaking the other evening as a member of the
Government and a leader of the executive, said he thought
the sympathies of the majority of the people of this country
were in favour of a particular section of those who were
now engaged in a great civil war in America. He might
have been speaking his own sentiments when he gave utter-
ance to such words, but he (Mr. Lindsay) denied that Lord
Russell had spoken the sentiments of the country or of th e
House of Commons on that occasion. It might be per-
fectly true that the House of Commons felt the propriety of
leaving the Government unfettered in its responsibitity
on this question. The house felt that the responsibility
ought to rest on the Government, and on it alone, because
it was not certainly the duty of the house to dictate to the
Government what course it should pursue in respect to the
civil war now raging on the other side of the Atlantic; but the
noble lord did not express the sentiments of the people of
England when he said that the sympathies of the nation
were with the Northern section of that great people now
unhappily engaged in war. (Hear, hear.) If the people of
England believed that horrible war was being waged in order
to put an end to slavery, then ho could understand that
their sympathies would be with the Federals. We, in this
country, however, had seen sufficient to persuade us that
they were neither honest nor earnest in their profession to
put down slavery, but that there were other reasons which
induced them to wage war against the Southerners. He had
soon enough to know that if they really desired to put down
an institution which few people, he was happy to soy, in
this country admired, they would have obtained the eN-m-
-pathies of a very large majority
enter himself entered
officetered fo of
rlite he e and
purpose
of i
of the people of this country.
(Hear, hear.) But when they found that the President
n
pt
uhtitsinpgla,tifoowrmn,stlhavaetryh:
not did
and
did not intend to take any steps to put down slavery, nor
did ho believe he could legally do so, the people of England
could not believe that he was in earnest, and it was vain for
him to attempt to support a mere political cry by endeavour-
' ing to persuade the people of this country that his motive
for carrying on the war was to put down slavery, and that
upon that ground he was entitled to their sympathies. Was
it the fact that the Northern people entertained any friendly
feeling towards the coloured population ? No one who had
travelled in America could believe they did. On the contrary,
they lost no opportunity of showing their disgust when they
were brought into contact in a public carriage, or a steam-
boat, with the negro. He had often witnessed their conduct
on such occasions, and their attempts to exclude even
the most educated and well behaved negroes from parti-
cipation 111 the rights and amenities of ciyilisiid

Mr. LINDSAY—No, nor a hundred nor a thousand Great
Easterns. Where were they to take them to? To Africa,
from where their forefathers came ? 'Why, if they were sent
to Africa they would have to endure far greater miseries than
they did at the present moment. He had conversed with
Dr. Livingstone on the subject,and Dr. Livingstone had told
him that it was not possible to conceive the amount of de-
gradation to which the black people were subjected in Africa.
(Hear, hear.) If, therefore, they were sent back to that
land from whence their forefathers came they would be sent
to an amount of misery far worse than that to which they
were subjected in the South. (Hear, hear.) Any one who
gave these questions a calm consideration, and who did not
speak upon them merelyfor the purpose of carrying with them
the popular voice, who find, however much he might de-
sire to root out slavery, that any attempt to do so suddenly
by means of a civil war would create an immense amount of
injury, not merely to the proprietors—the white people in
the Southern States—but to the blacks themselves. This
had been found to be the case. He had just received a letter
from New Orleans, in which the writer stated that the plan
of giving freedom had been tried, and that the result had
been that the negroes in general had returned to their owners
on the nominal condition of payment for the labour.
(Hear, hear.) Emancipation had been found impossible, un-
less the United States would consent to the establishment
of poor-houses and asylums to support the negroes in idle-
ness, The emancipation proclamation had hurt no one
but its author and his party. It had been stated on reliable
authority that the American Government, in answer to
communications upon the subject, had said, "If the free
negroes refuse to work whip them." So that, after all, they
would get nothing by the change, and the same system of
discipline would be carried out, and probably in a more
cruel manner, by the Southerns than by the Northerns.
(Hear, hear.) He was surprised to find that some gentle-
men, and especially clergymen, had stated that the procla-
mation of emancipation from slavery by President Lincoln
was a humane act. Humane to whom ? It could not be
humane to the slaves, who were not yet prepared for freedom,
and it certainly would not be humane to the five or six mil-
lions of white people in the Southern States, because the
real object, aim, and end of that proclamation was nothing
less than this—" You black men, henceforth be free ; if any
one resist you in your desire to live, resist him, and the
arms of the North will support you in that resistance,"
Practically, that is—" Massacre your toasters, massacre your
mistresses, and massacre their children, so that you may
obtain your freedom." (Hear, hear.) Instead of being a
humane proclamation, it was in fact a specimen of the most
horrible barbarity, and a more terrible proclamation than
had ever been issued in any part of the world. There was
one question on which he wished to say a word, he meant
the building of ships here to be afterwards used by the Con-
federate Government. He was not going to enter into any
discussion of the legal part of the question in the presence of
the Lord Chief Baron, but a good deal had been said about
maintaining an impartial neutrality. He was in favour of
doing so, but were they ? It was said that they ought not
to allow ships to be built in this country for the Southern
States; but ought they to allow cannon and ammuniticn to
go out of this country to supply the Northern States? The
cannom now being used to bombard Charleston was obtained
from this country, and for aught he knew the horrible Greek
fire, of which so much had been said, was manufactured
here too. He could not see why they should prevent the
Southern people from being supplied with ships while the
Federals continued to be supplied with arms. Of course if a
clear infringement of the Foreign Enlistment Act could be
proved the case would be different, but the whole question
at present amounted to this, the South American coast had
been declared to be under blockade, and if they attempted
to run the blockade the Queen's proclamation said that they
must do it at their own risk. Of course if a vessel which
was running the blockade, having been made here and in-
tended for the Southerners, was captured, her owners must
bear the loss. For his own part he confessed that he
could see no immediate chance of the war terminating,
but he could see what the end would be. It would not be
reunion but separation, and he believed that before many
years had elapsed that separation would not be mere!), into
two countries—the Northern and Southern—but that it
would be separated into four different parts—that was
into North and South, and West and California. The

Southern men and Southern women would fight to the last
drop of their blood before they would be reunited to the
States, and if the Northerners persisted in the course they
were now taking, terrible as the war had been, he grieved to
say it would become far more terrible before it was brought
to a conclusion. At present the Southerners felt that they
had got sufficient white men to defend themselves and
maintain their independence ; but if they once called out
the slaves, as they would be justified in doing, no more
horrible scenes had ever been witnessed than would be wit-
nessed in the American war. In endeavouring to subjugate
the South, the North had committed a grievous mistake.
The employment of slaves would be the last resources of
the South, but when that period came, the retribution and
the vengeance would be terrible. (Hear, hear.) He believed
that he only spoke the sentiments of a large majority of the
people of this country when he said it would be impossible
to restore the Union, and in those sentiments he believed
the House of Commons joined. (Cheers.)
Various toasts of a local character followed, and the pro-
ceedings did not terminate till a late hour.

The Ship Run Down by the Great Eastern.

The Receiver of Wreck of the port of Liverpool has for-
warded to the Marine Department of the Board of Trade
the depositions of Capt, Paton, the commander of the Great
Eastern steamship, and Capt. Duff, of the ship Jane, of
Liverpool, which latter vessel was run down in the Atlantic
and two of the crew killed.

Capt. Paton thus reports the catastrophe :—The Great
Eastern left New York on Sept. 8, with passengers and a
cargo of merchandise, comprising grain, provisions, and
tobacco, and. reached lat 51 deg 15 min N, long 14 deg 4
min W, without casualty. On the 18th, at 2 15 a.m.,
weather dark and rainy, wind W., under steam and sail,
standing about E.S.E., at about 13 knot speed, regulation
light burning in proper position, watch on deck, saw a bright
light three points on starboard bow. Put helm hard aster-
board, but finding we were closing with the light, stopped
and reversed the engines, when the ship Jane, of Liverpool,
came alongside on starboard how, both rolling heavily; car-
ried away Jane's mainmast, foretopmast head, and bowsprit.
As the ship was apparently breaking up fast, succeeded in
saving the master, mate, second mate, and 18 of the crew,
ono man being killed, and another supposed to have fallen
overboard. having ascertained that no more of the crew
were left on board, backed clear of the wreck. At 225 a.m.,
heavy swell, ship rolling heavily,found it impossible to
lower a boat, and stayed by the wreck until daylight. At
4 35 a.m., steamed twice close past the Jane slowly, but
could not discern any one on board, the rolling of the ship
still rendering it impracticable to lower a boat, continued
our course towards Liverpool. The crew of the Jane were
taken to Liverpool by the Great Eastern.
Capt. Duff states the ship Jane left Liverpool for Quebec,
in ballast, on Sept. 10, and had reached lat 51 15 N, long
14 11 W, without Meeting with any casualty. On the 18th,
at 2 30 a.m., weather thick, with rain, wind W.S.W., under
all plain sail, standing at N.W.) watch on deck, saw the
masthead light of a steamer two points on the portbow,
steeting eastward. Immediately put helm hard sport, the
regulation lights at this time on board the Jane were burn-
ing brightly and in position. The vessels being very near,
a collision occurred immediately. The other vessel, which
was the Great Eastern, struck the Jane on the portbow,
carrying away the bowsprit and gear, fore-topmast, main-
topmast, end all attached, end the rnizen top gallantniast.
The vessels now swung alongside each other, and the
rolling
of the Great Eastern caused the sponsons to cut. the Jane
down on the port side,
o that all bands considered it un-
safe to remain longer on the veti.sel, and got on board the
Great Eastern as beet they could. Two men of the Jane
were killed by the casualty.
The names of the deceased men aro not given. The
Jano was a ship of nearly 1,000 tons.

ALONG Elihu Burritt, " the learned
blacksmith," well known as the great linguist, and whose
" Sparks from the Anvil" has made his name a household
word, was yesterday to complete a long walk. He has ac-
tually walked all the way from London to John o'Groat's.
He was in Wick on Saturday, and was to complete his walk
to John o'Groat's House yesterday. to
is to lecture this
evening (Tuesday) in the Free Church, on " The Benevo-
lent Institutions of the Day—their Philosophy tau-'d rower."
•llat2Phire Journal.