The Sun.
London, England, 1863-09-03 00:00:00

Commence at 7.

rilt-TE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN."
ji Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE,
Can be had Every Evening of •
G. K. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT,
No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, sh. 30m.—Afterboon, sb. 50m
To-moßßow.-Morning, 65. 10m.—Aftermami. gi.3om

The Weather—Sun Office, Sept. 2, 1863.

Drainage System—a couple of wretched natives,

bearing between them, slung upon their
shoulders, upon a stout bamboo, an open can
of abomination ! As to the filthiness of the bazaars,
it is spoken of as something almost defying descrip-
tion.
At one hill station (where there are two such
bazaars) Nynee Tal, a hill station where men are
sent for their health (!) the stench," says Miss
NIGHTINGALE, "is at times overpowering." In
reference to the notorious want of ventilation, it is
here remarked, as impressively as instructively,
that while the reports pronounce the ventilation to
be good if the barracks are not overcrowded—as
the barracks are almost always overcrowded, the
ventilation is nearly as bad as bad can be. Several
well-known barracks in India are then particu-
larized, precisely as they are referred to in the
report : as at Kirkee " scarcely any ventila-
tion;" at Bombay, "improvement impere.tive ;" at
Kamptee, " most faulty and deficient ;" at Bellary,
"no windows ; " at Allahabaa, and also at Dam
Dm "very defective," and so on—literally usque ad
nauseam. Surface-overcrowding, the last-men-
tioned source of camp disease, is then finally com-
mented upon by Miss NIGHTINGALE, and the pre-
valence of that " overcrowding" proved to absolute
demonstration. Sections lil., on Intemperance ; IV.,
on Diet, and V., on want of Occrapation and Exercise,
are each of them peculiarly deserving of consideration
—the large two-page illustrationmnuepaonstohfe(l)actctuerppatoiionnt
(pp. 40-41), entitled "Daily
and Amusement : India passim,A"nblneindgianpoecfnucleiarrloyf
suggestive and instructive.
rank, we are told, was the truthful draughtsman.
The scene depicted is from the life. It is an in-
terior. The dormitory in an Indian Barrack. The
men in their shirt sleeves. Some naked from the
waist upwards. Lying, lolling, lounging, sitting
on their beds—those beds, in or on which, we are
told, they spend 18 out of the 24 hours, six only up
or out ! Smoking, reading, day-dreaming on the flat
of their backs, card-playing, chatting, hair-brushing,
shoe-brushing, water-drinking ad libitum. This
chapter or section (about the longest in the book) is
among them all one worthiest of the hand of FLOR-
ENCE NIGHTINGALE. It is full of good practical sug-
gestions in the way of improvement, and this, too,
an improvement not desultory but systematic. So
also, as any one might conjecture would surely be
the case, is it with Section the Sixth, the one on
Hospitals. The remaining seven need only
here be enumerated. Their titles—remembering
all the while whose hand it is that writes Vaem—
will prove to the reflective reader sufficiently ex-
plicit as to their probable purport : to wit, Hill
Stations; Native Lines; Native Towns; Absolute
Perfection of Causes of Disease ; Soldiers' Wives;
Statistics, and Sanitary Service. Such in brief
are, as one may say, the distinctive titles of the
thirteen rays of light directed from these luminous
Sections of FLORENCE NIGHINGALE'S Observations
on the Sanitary State of the Army in India—light
shed by her benign experience as a Soldier's Nurse
in Barrack, Hospital, and Field, full and clear into
the darkest and foulest recesses of the Augean
Stable of our Indian Military Organisation,

The address from the Committee of the Ladies'
Sanatory Association on Dressmaking is worthy of
notice. It commences by saying that the death of a
young dressmaker, in the midst of the busy London
season, has called public notice to the condition of
her class. In 1842 it is said that a Royal Commis-
sion made evident the hardships that thousands of
young women were enduring from overwork, and
also from over-crowding, but in spite of every effort
that has been made since then, it is to be feared
that many thousands are still suffering from the

same sad causes as twenty years ago. The next
passage states an incontrovertible fact, that, how-
ever, seems little heeded, that the remuneration of
needlework is so little that needlewomen cannot
earn sufficient during the ordinary time, and are,
therefore, forced to undertake extra work. If few
actually drop down exhausted before our eyes, it is
said, yet the evil is wrought in their frames, and
the present system of dressmaking could not be
kept up if it were not for the constant arrival of
fresh workers from the country, of whom not a few
go back with broken health, and even sink into a
premature grave, " the one season taking the whole
summer of their young lives." This is, in truth,
a deplorable state of things, and yet its veracity
is attested by all experience on the subject. It is
high time that some decisive measures should be
adopted to check the continuance of this system.
The committee seem to have gone to the root of the
evil, so far as they possibly can, and they have
sounded the depths, as it were, of the nefarious
system in vogue. It is said that even a moderate
amount of sedentary labour would prove most inju-
rious if no exercise is taken to relieve its monotony.
These unhappy victims of fashion rarely pass the
threshold except on Sundays. The close rooms in
which they work and sleep tend to enervate their
exhausted frames still more, and added to this
there is an yearly strain on them, during the
mouths of the " season," when from 16 to 18
hours' work is required. The committee seek to
examine into the causes of such disastrous and de-
plorable effects ensuing from a trade which is in
itself perfectly healthy; and whose fault is it ? they
ask. " We cannot help it,"
" for ladies will have their dressessaY the employers,
t e the
eday
day;
they
give short notice and take long credit, and it is hard
"
to pay our way and please them." NgV
toe cannot
give
a
help it," say the ladies, " we are will
good price for good work ; but we cannot take
charge of work and 'workrooms." "We can help it
least of all," say the poor girls, "for wo -
-must keep our
situations, or starve—or worse. To. these replies
the committee address themselves in an effective
manner. To the ladies it is urged that much de-
pends on them, and that they can do a great deal
if they will only choose to do so. They can easily
inform themselves regarding the style of the houses
they employ—they can abstain from unreasonable
demands; and, above all, they can pay their bills.
One employer informed the committee that no less
than five thousand pounds were due to him, and
that thus he had been brought to the verge of bank-
ruptcy. To the employers it is said that self-
interest would be promoted by increasing the com-
forts of their employees. Better work is done and
more efficient assistance rendered altogether by
those who obtain sufficient rest than by those who
are harassed and worried by incessant toil and
want of sleep. A wholesome atmosphere would
also tend considerably to conduce to a more desir-
able state of things with regard to workwomen in
general, Likewise, it is most truly said, that more
liberal outdoor assistance at the outset of the season
would be a real gain in the end, as thus the "skilled
inmates" would be kept up to a state of energy
and efficiency. To the workwomen a few re-
is said that no regular
marks are directed. It
reform can be introduced
unless the workers can
combine to procure whatt
is right for themselves.
Tl.ey should therefore
rdiect what injuries they
incur from the present arrangement—iniuries that
are, for the most part, irreparable, as .. v.eai , L
tu, once
broken, can never be fully restored. Their
parents or guardians kho uld be most careful as to
where, and with whom, they apprentice them. A
most wise suggestion is made, that where a corn.
be got in the needlework
fortable place cannot
line, owing to the overcrowdiDg that prevails is

that branch, some other employment should be
sought after. It seems strange that this idea has
not occurred to those who have the charge of young
girls. It stands to sense that the more any one
employment is chosen the less remuneration it pro-
duces, and the smaller share of comfort accrues to
its followers. If they learned to write well and to
keep accounts they would be able to get some ex-
cellent situations in shops; and in their own voca-
tion, if they were more skilled, they could obtain
tghree
ma tseerl v
opsr.e f eLr ma
de oi rt
iesveeani
said
undertake
es,
d oobusinessohhy
money, or only give three
encouraging those houses which require
re
credit.ready
Theyaski n g mf
for
rg h t
the
good
females w oink s u bay
in shops, or hairdressing,
" ssiesity etsheof
inngpargeefmereenntcse asto tsleioroveinogf men. This excellent ad-
dress concludes by hoping that before another sea-
son has added its victims to this system of cruel
and unnecessary overwork, some of these hints
will be taken and these plans may be given a
trial. It is earnestly to be trusted that such may
be the case, for the present system is in every way
a disgrace to the community, and cannot fail to
produce the most deleterious results. It seems on
reflection that the several courses here suggested are
as wise as any that have been made on the subject,
and they appear to embrace all the needful points
of the question. The opulent classes who create
the necessity for this employment, the mercantile
managers who engage so many hands, and they to
whom is entrusted the task of providing for the
young, who must labour for themselves, have all
a heavy responsibility resting upon them. Be it
theirs to acknowledge the errors into which they
have fallen, and to endeavour as speedily as possible
to rectify ,the faults that may have been unwit-
tingly committed, but which entail serious conse-
quences on a large portion of tile community.

Not the least curious of the additions made to our
store of knowledge by the adventurous researches
of Captains SPEKE and GRANT are the pictures of
races and kingdoms in the interior of the African
continent, who had never previously looked on a
white man. Great as were the obstacles offered by
Nature to the progroes of the travellers, formidable

as were the difficulties which they encountered
from the absence of means of conveyance of pro-

visions and other necessaries, and serious as were
the risks to which the climate exposed them, the

uncertainty and greed of the native rulers was no
insignifieant item in their catalogue of troubles.
The account given by Captain GRANT, at a recent
meeting of the British Association, while arresting
the unflagging attention of his hearers by its
novelty, its interest, and its entertaining features,
could not fail to impress them with a sense of the
arduous nature of the undertaking which those

enterprising Englishmen have carried to a success-
ful termination. The travellers were not in a
position to be independent of the native chiefs,
whose power is usually despotic, and in whose

domains a human life is held as of little or no value.
It would not have troubled the slumbers of these

miniature despots had the bold white men paid
with their lives the penalty of their intrusion, and
the populace would not certainly have cared to
interpose on behalf of the strangers. The goods

which they carried offered dazzling temptations to
the eyes of the savages, and it was extremely diffi-
cult to avoid giving mortal offence by refusing the

demands of these insatiable monarchs withon

sacrificing all in their possession. One of them con-
trived to reduce the party to subjection by forbid-
ding his people to sell them any of the necessaries
of life. This ingenious method of extortion pro-

duced the desired effect, and obtained for the in-
genious mar ceavrer the rifle, ammunition, and other
articles he desired. it was as dangerous to be too
friendly as to be on bad tunas, fur Captain GRANT
tells us that, after staying some time with an old
Sultan in the Land of the Moon, his host became
unwilling to part with so useful and entertaining a
companion, and three months were lost before he

could get away from his inconveniently attentive
host. At last Captain GRANT prepared to leave,
but en the very day of his departure the SULTAN,
whose dignity did not interfere with his activity,
drove off the porters with a stick, and having appa-
rently heard that important part of the English
code which says that possession is nine points of the
law, he helped himself to one of the rifles, which
the traveller had to wrest from him by force, pay-
ing at the same time additional presents. A King
in his own country, however, was not to be so easily
eluded, and accordingly two days after, while the
train was marching on, an armed mob sprung up
on every side, whose antics amused Captain GRANT
very much, until he discovered that they were a
band of highwaymen sent by his Majesty the
SULTAN, and a very short time sufficed to ransack
every lead, and to convert the stately line of 200
porters into two or three dejected followers, with
baggage proportionately shrunk. No redress could
be obtained from a King who had openly helped
himself to a rifle, but he suffered Captain GRANT
to depart with whole bone; which, under the cir-
cumstances, was perhaps as much as could bo ex-
pected. After this experience it was somewhat
alarming to pass into the domains of a King who
possessed the honourable distinction of being re-
markable for his avarice even among African chiefs.
Thanks to the old SULTAN from whom they had
first escaped, Captain GRANT and his followers
were bat ill provided with the usual gifts, but suc-
ceeded in passing safely through the country at a
cost of only half their goods. Their appearance
among this people excited the greatest attention,
being the first white men seen there, and
the watching to which they were subjected
in consequence grew inconveniently officious.
In this fact they were also regarded with consider-
able awe, although some thieves tried to get into
their tent at night, for which they paid the penalty
of their lives. The death of these thieves was
taken as a proof that the new comers_ were
magicians, and they were fortunately left unmo-
lested in consequence. Another of the rulers
afforded a most favourable contrast, and shows
us that the capacities of the African have been
underrated, la some parts the inhabitants are
diatingnithed for their amiability and intelligence.
Their curiosity at the sight of articles of European
manufacture, and their interest in pictures of Eng-
lish life, &c., betoken some degree of aptitude for
cultivation and improvement. Still the childish-
ness of the savage clings to them. The KING, who
was the most intellectual of all the Africans Capt.
GRANT encountered, at once appropriated a toy
which was made for his child for his own amuse-
ment. This king is a favourable exception to the
reckless disregard of life which is common in the
lower orders of humanity, and which is decidedly
apparent among these African tribes. The King
of DAHOMEY has gained an unenviable notoriety by
his wholesale slaughters, but we hear of anther
monarch of whom it is commonly said that he never
looks bright until a few executions have come off.
" Not a day passed," says Captain SPEKE, " with-
ont our hearing of, or actually seeing, some poor
The old feudal custom appears to
exist in this part, and any dereliction of duty
is punished !twit severely. A common punish-
ment is cutting and maiming their hands or
care, and the, KING, seeing that one of Captain

victim.

GRANT'S hands had been injured, asked him whether
he had not been a page. The wound, however, was
more honourably acquired, having been gained in a
gallant act under the lamented HAVELOCK at tbe time
of his advance upon Cawnpore, a fact of which Sir
RODERICK MußcHisoN informed the Newcastle
audience. Much may be learned from studying
the characteristics of these wild races, whose con-
duct in some degree exonerates civilisation from
the charges brought against it, since many of the
ruling passions of crowded cities are apparent in
the uncultivated African wastes. The ethnologist
may trace the influence of race in the singular dif-
fe ronces existing between neighbouring tribes ; the
political economist may speculate on the wide field
for commerce and cultivation remaining to be
opened to European capital and intelligence; while
the philanthropist may ponder on the length of
time that must elapse before these benighted
savages, whose ignorance has certainly not pre-
served their innocence, may be brought into the
light of a larger knowledge and a purer faith.

Story of a Little Sovereign in the Sulks.

(From Punch,)

Once upon a time there was a wilful boy who
belonged to a German Band, in which he blew his
own trumpet, and made great discord. He never
would play in tune. Some suspected that he had no
ear, others, winking slily, intimated that his ears
were egregiously long ; certain it is, that although
he was no composer, he gave himself airs, and of-
fended many people with his crotchets. Every one
looked with derision on the trumpet, which the
presumptuous Prussian blew; and while admitting
that he had a thorough bass organ, without hesita-
tion declared that he was always a little flat.
Master Kaiser, who led the German band, was at
one period a very indifferent performer, but had lately
rather improved in his play.
He had just left school,
and was pretty well up in geography, clearly un-
derstanding how the revolutions of the earth are
influenced by the Poles. One day Master Kaiser,
seeing that clouds were gathering, and being appre-
hensive of a storm, proposed that the band should
subscribe and buy a big umbrella for their common
protection from any overpowering rain. To this
proposal all the German-band, with one or two ex-
ceptions, joyfully assented. The little bumptious
trumpeter, however, turned upon his heel, and
sulkily hugging himself beneath an old-fashioned
court, rejected the overtures of his paymaster, and
insisted on standing out. Little Master Saxony, in
his btst suit, went to him with a stick of barley
sugar, and tried to tickle him into compliance. The
trumpeter scowled and seemed disposed to kick. He
did'nt want any umbrella, ho hated umbrellas, what
did he care if it rained bullets ? they couldn't hurt
him. Why ?_Because he had too much lead already
in his crown.

MORAL.—This story should teach us a lesson of
universal forbearance and toleration, for how can
we expect that the Browns should always play
sweetly together, when perfect harmony is not
produced even by the clink of little Sovereigns ?