The Sun.
London, England, 1863-01-16 00:00:00

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been willing to admit that it was a course creditable
rather than otherwise to the Government by which
it was taken. I should like to see it carried a litt'e
further. Many things which I advocate are thought
rather foolish at first, but in time people come up to
them, and I have the satisfaction of being a little
ahead of the Government, and often of the nation.
The other day I made a reference parenthetically
to the cession of the fortress of Gibraltar,
and I can cone, ive how that must have shocked
some people. (A laugh.) lam not at fill si zious
to press it, but though it is no doubt a more d
fll-
cult question than that of the lonian Islands, yet if
men Will only discuss it calmly I think they will
come to a tolerably unanimous opinion about it.
I observe that the newspapers of Germany, -France,
and Spin have argued from what I said in your
town-hall three weeks ago that there is a great
party in England favourable to the cession of Gib-
raltar. (Laughter.) Now, I make no such pre-
tension whatever. I know that in connection with
that fortress there are memories and associations
which may well make the English people pause
when they are asked to give it up to Spain ; they
have been told from their childhood that it is im-
pregnable; and some persons have a notion that
what is impregnable must be valuable, but that en-
tirely depends upon whether it is in such a posi-
tion that it gives great safety to something which
is valuable. Now I believe that most military per-
sons in this country who are not wishing to make
out a case, and especially if they happen to be
wholly independent of the powers that be, would
admit that that rock is of no value whatever to I.lEi.
It is of no value to us in time of peace, except per-
haps to smuggle a few goods into Spain, and it
would also be of no value equivalent to the cost in
time of war. It is to me a monument of a very
foolish war and a very dishonourable peace. I be-
lieve when it was taken it was taken in the
name of Charles 111., the "lawful Sovereign"
of Spain, who never happened to become the
lawful Sovereign of Spain, and therefore, when
the Treaty of Utrecht was concluded, our
allies were sold, and we were permitted to
retain Minorca and Gibraltar. Suppose this coun-
try were the chamber of commerce of the city of
Madrid, how should we then be likely to view this
matter? We have it on the authority of English,
statesmen that all the relations between the coma-
tries, and every negotiation between them from that
time to this has been embitted and thwarted by
the exasperation of Spain at England holding a por-
tion of their territory. In Spain there is a very
high protective tariff, but I believe that if this thorn
in the side of this country were removed wo might
easily have a very liberal treaty of commerce with
her, by which every English production would be
admitted upon moderate terms ; and, moreover, I
think you would long before this—l will not say
compelled, but have persuaded the Spanish Govern-
ment to make effectual its laws against the traffic
in negroes, thus putting an end to that abominable
barbarity—the slave trade—between Africa an
Cuba. For those of us who believe the Emperor of
the French is a very dangerous neighbour, that he
is a man of destiny, and that it is written in the
Book of Fate that he is to do something dreadful
to the Bank of England—to those who think that
every Frenchman spends a portion of his time in
looking across the Channel in the expectation that
they will some day avenge 'Waterloo by traversing
this country with the French eagle—(a laugh)—to
all such—and I certainly am net among them—this
argument ought to be one of force—namely, that if
the English Government is anxious for a united
Italy to be a counterpoise to France, surely it would
also be a great advantage to us, in the same sense,
to have a close ally and friend in Spain. That, how-
ever, you never can have, as long as you hold a por-
tion of her territory, taken from her and kept from
her under circumstances reflecting no honour upon
England, especially when it is almost universally
admitted that that rock is of no use whatever to
ourselves. If England were to become more moral,
more just, her influence among the nations would be
largely increased, and it would no longer be possible
for General Peel, Secretary for War under Lord
Derby's Government, to tell his constituents at
Huntingdon with truth that England is detested
by every country in Europe. (Hear, hear.)
There is only one other question to which I shall
refer. I have heard that the working men of Bir-
mingham have subscribed about £3,000 towards the
relief of their suffering countrymen in Lancashire.
Well, that is a very honourable thing for Birming-
ham ; and I am only sorry that every one of the men
who thus nobly subscribed has not his name on your
register of electors, and is not enabled to give his free
vote at the poll for my hon. colleague and myself.
(Hear, hear, and a laugh.) In Lancashire there is
now the strangest paralysis probably ever seen in
any seat of industry. The American war was com-
menced—the one contending party refused to export
cotton, and burnt not a little of it ; the other block-
aded the ports, so that cotton should not escape.
The result is that gradually the stocks of cotton
have been consumed in this country and throughout
the world, except that which remains in the United
States ; and what that quantity is nobody knows,
with any pretence of accuracy. At the same time
everybody believes there is a largo stock in the
South. It is estimated variously at from 2,000,000
to 4,000,000 bales. I believe that whenever it comes
it will turn out very much less than the higher esti-
mate, but that stock being locked up in America,
with prices at four times their ordinary rate, you
can conceive how much the interests of all who are
engaged in the cotton trade are concerned in the
time when that stock shall be liberated. East India
cotton commonly called Surat, which sells ordinarily
at from 3d. to 4d. per lb., now sells at from ls. 3d.
to Is. Sd., and American, which is ordinarily 6d.
per lb., is now at more than 2s. A bale of cotton,
which used to cost £lO or £l2, now costs £5O. The
advice of an armistice in America and the cessation
of the war with a view to negociation would produce
a great fall and great ruin; and the apprehension
of this necessarily interferes very much with the
course of business. Now I complain of the official
politicians of this country. Last session there was
a motion in the House of Lords against the block-
ade, and the Foreign Secretary made a speech in
which he showed that the blockade was very
effective, and he concluded his remarks in a very
careless manner, as if he were really not think-
ing of what he was saying, by stating that he
hoped in a few months the North would con-,
sent to the independence of the South, when, of
course, this country would wish prosperity to both
States. Well, what was the effect of this in
,er.Lanca-
shire ? Everybody there thinks a Foreign s
tart' is a most profound statesman, and has every-
thing written down in the Foreign-office ; but on
this question Lord Russell knew nothing, and that
was exactly the position
fwai
with
l thesay
irnegs t
nothing
g he
;II 0
Lancashire
was not, however, content h
said that which people in
indi-
cated that be knew a great deal. T
he hoped
consequence
was that when the news reached the Exchange at
Manchester everybody wanted to sell and no one to
buy. I know a man who was just then taking stock
with a partner whom he was then about to leave,
and the effect of that speech was, by a stroke of the
pen, to depreciate his share of the business by more
than £2,000, Again, there was the speech of Mr.
Gladstone at Newcastle. I know the case of a man
who a week before bought 300 bales of cotton in
Liverpool, intending to work them up, calculating
that he would be able to keep his mills going till
Christmas. The moment he read the Chancellor of
the Exchequer's speech he sent word to his broker
at Liverpool to sell his cotton instantly, and if he
had kept it four or five days he would have lost a
very large sum by it. On the delivery of the same
speech many persons in this country, to my know-
ledge, countermanded the orders they had previously
sent out for the purchase of Indian cotton ; and
everybody knows that the state of the cotton•
market in Manchester after that speech Was as dif-

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was before it. Again, when
India, it was put forth in t,
every Bombay house that the
stone had created great uneasinestiand-ip,
abstained from buying because they thought p.
would fall. Thus, the utterances of these men, who
knew no, more about it than any one of us, hot
who speak from their lofty position and with
their sannes-1 ;env' -'edge, hairi Cost enormous eurna
to the county of Lancaster during the lest 12
months, and they are not. the only people to blame.
I wish to say a word about the Loudon press. I, of
course, don't speak of newspapers that have no force
or influence ;—the Morning Herald may rave, aria
the Standard may follow suit, but what they r
will not atter the value of a pinch of snuff in [ley
market in England. (A laugh.) But it happens
that, there is a paper which, from .ha long durgiee,
the energy with which it has been co'clueted,
good things which in times, past it ecciaTonaily !era
done, and its alliance with certain influential
tions, is accepted by some persons as an atithol
on great questions —at the Manchester or Live
Exchloge. It may also be on your Exchange wlo
it is built ; people will rush to see what there L. in
the columns of the Times. Well, the eninrlit],"l
the Tunes nave been filled with al ticles on America
for two years, but, ns I have said before, not ono
generous article with regard to the Free North hso
appeared iv them. The 7
may have Nellee
opinions it likes; its writers write under a mask, I
do not propose, although I could do it, to tear that
mask away ; but it writes as a great power in the
press of this great country; for two • years it, tag
taken up its parable against the twenty million of
men in the free States of North America, and hen
indulged in as many prophecies aslllerlin herself,'
(a laugh), or anybody else of whom tradition gives
' us some account, but no one a=ngle prophecy up to
this time has been fulfilled. There is not a man oil
the commercial class in Liverpool or Manchester who
would not admit to-day, if he were asked, that the
influence, and, if you like, the ignorance', or if you. •
wish to speak correctly, the malice of that palest*S!'"7'ene
towards the United States has produced disastt oun
consequences to very many persons in Lancashire.
I know it, and it:is universally known that there
has been a constant teaching of the people that
the war would come to an end, that .there would,
be an armistice, that the North was exhausted,
that bankruptcy was inevitable, that the re-
cent elections would break down President Lin-
coln's Government, and that everything would
happen that has not happened ; the consequence was
that while the stock of cotton was constantly being -
diminished there has been the greatest fear among
all persons having transactions in distant markets
to do any business in Manchester, and stocks of'yarn
and cloth have never rise.nnin price at all in pro-
portion to the raw material. At this moment there
are 400,000 bales in Liverpool ; there is a very slight
increase in the working of the mills, owing to the
uncertainty in the minds of all buyers as to whether
the high prices will be long sustained. Some of this
uncertainty is no doubt the inevitable result of the
state of circumstances. None of us can predict with
any accuracy the duration of the war ; but surely
the inevitable uncertainty is bad enough, without
being aggravated by the inconsiderate speeches of
the Foreign Minister and the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, or by the incessant folly and malice
poured out from day to day in the leading columns
of the 7 lines. (Hear.) But I say that this course,
besides doing no kind of good, is making an enemy
of a great nation, and sacrificing interests which
our statesmen ought zealously to guard. Notwith-
standing any complaint on this score, I am willing
to admit that the world, even in our time, is moving
on. Within the last two years we have seen two
events which posterity will regard as very impor-
tant. In Russia serfdom has been put in the way
of extinction by the act of the Emperor of Russia
and his Government; in the United States, by the
most wonderful series of events, there is evidently
coming to pass that which no man dared hope for
three years ago as likely to be approached during
the lifetime of any one of us. I see from the East
unto the West, from the rising of the sun to the
going down thereof, in spite of what misled, preju-
diced, unjust, and wicked men may do, the cause of
freedom still moving-onward; and it is not hu-
man power to arrest its progress,
"Fur God from evil still educes good,
And Freedom's aced still grows, the' steeped in blood."
And, coming back to our own country from this
review, I should say there is much to be done hare ;
and in this observation—l speak of members of
your Chamber who are not of any one political
party"there are gentlemen here who, even if they
give me credit for honesty and conscientiousness in
my course, yet think me mistaken and dangerous
in the propositions which I make to my fellow-
countrymen ; but being here, as we are, of various
political parties, way I not say thus much, that if
we were to shun a party spirit, if we were to exa-
mine questions fairly and carefully, if we were to
endeavour to decide them truthfully, we might hate
hope that we should do much to elevate our people,
to improve our institutions, to make broader and
safer the foundations of our freedom, and to build
up and preserve a commonwealth which should do
much to help forward the advancement of the world.
(Cheers.)

`I he health of the French Consul, M. Verdier de
Latour, was then given by Mr. J. B. Goodman; and
briefly acknowledged.

"Prosperity to the Town and Trade of Birming-
ham" and one or two other toasts having been pro.
posed, the proceedings terminated.

CARDINAL ANTONELLD—Sir G. Bowyer, in a
letter to the Times, says—la your correspondence
from Italy of this day Cardinal Antonelli is described as
nephew of Gasparone, who was a notorious bandit. I feel
it my duty to state that Cardinal Antonelli is not in any
way connected with any such person. The cardinal is the
representative of a family of highly respectable and wealthy
country gentlemen, possessing extensive landed property
near Terracina. His father was the youngest of three
brothers, and, dying, he left the future cardinal a ward of
his two uncles. By them he was made to enter the 1 gal
profession. On the death of his two uncles he inherited the,
family estates, and was thereby placed in a position of in-
dependence and wealth. He, however, continued his pro-
fessional career, in which his extraordinary talents enabled
him to rise rapidly to high places, until he became, what
he is now, one of the most eminent statesmen in Europe.
I do not think it worth while to notice the other charges
and insinuations contained in the correspondent's letter.
trust that you will print this letter, as it regards no matter
of opinion, but a mei e matter of fact with which I am per-
fectly acquainted, and which affects the honour of an illus-
trious person and a distinguished family.
SERIOUS AFFRAY WITH SALIION POACIIERS.--A
rencontre of a more sc vaearleasnhaietiusr:atrhlya nohnaswoo:Cdert.itlaetrshrdec,llt?
this winter happened at
morning between the water-bailiffs and a hand_
two united bands—of salmon poachers. At half-past four
a.m. the bailiffs, ten in number, fell in with the poachers, who
were ell disguised and armed with sticks, at a place on the
public road a little above the town, called Ifemphaugh, the
i same locality where a serious fight took place last year. Tho
I number of black fishers is not known, but they outnumbered
ftohreemriovset of thepolicerg
b,,.),.:nagt least two to one. A seizure of the
a woman's cap, was at once made, a man wearing
with a red and white muffler tumid
his throat, The bailiffs were at once assailed with laro
stones and sticks, and a terrible struggle took place for the
possession of the prisoner. After fighting for about twenty
minutes the prisoner was forcibly rescued from the hands
of the police, who were beaten Lack and compelled to leave
the ground. A bailiff, named Joseph Ross, was badly cut
on the head and bruised on the body, and was on 'Wednes-
day lying at the Victoria' Hotel so seriously ill that the
medical attendant has prohibited any one from seeing him.
As yet none of the poachers have been identified. Others
of the bailiffs also received various injuries. The poachers
had been "burning the water" above Ashiestiel boat-pool
during the night.—Scotsman.
THE AUSTRIAN DEPARTMENT CF THE GREAT
EXIIIBITION.—In consequence of the interest and
indefatigable zeal displayed by Dr. Schwa!z in connexion
with the Austrian department of the International Exhi-
titian, the Emperor of Austria has conferred upon him the
Franz Joseph Order of the 20 class ; and Chevalier
Schaeffer, director of the Austrian consulate in London, is
raised to the rank of Councillor.
[ADVERTISEMENT.J—TIIOWay'S Ointment and Pills.—
Indisputable remedies for bad legs, old wounds, sores, and
ulcers. If used according to directions given with them,
there is no wound, bad leg, ulcerous sore, or bad breast.F
however obstinate or long standing, but will yield to their'
healing and curative properties. Numbers cf persona who
have been patients in several of the large 11,spitals, and
under the care of eminent surgeons without deriving the
slightest benefit have been thoroughly cured by Hollowa3's
Ointment and Pills. For glandular swellings. tutnews,
scurvy, and oiseases of the skin, there is no medicine that
can be used with so good an efEct. In fact, in the worst
forms of disease dependent upon the condition of the blood
these Medicines are irrreotible.

~y

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, CO VENT-
GARDEN.
Il M der the Management of iss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W.
Harrison. Sole Lessees.
THIS EVENING, to commence with RUY BLAS: Miss
Louisa Pyne. Miss Susan Pyne, Miss Thirlwall. and Madame
Laura Baxter ; Messrs. Santley, Patey, Lyall, AynaleyCooke,
E. Dussek, and W. Harrison.
Conductor—Mr. A. Mellon.
After which, the Grand Coic Christmas Pantomime, en.
titled HARLEQUIN BEAUTY AND THE BEAST.
Doors open at halt-past 6—Commence at 7.

THE ATR E-R OYA L, DRURY-LANE.-
Lessee and Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer.
THIS EVENING, the Comic Drama of THE NEXT OF

KIN.
After which, the Grand Pantomime of LITTLE GO )DY
TWO SHOES.

Commence at '.

TREAT RE-R 0 Y Al,, HAY MARKET.
Lessee. Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING, at Seven o'clock, will be performed
BUR AMERICAN COUSIN. Asa Trenchard, Mr. Buck-
stone Lord Dundreary, Mr.
P Sothern.
After which, a new and original Extravaanza, entitled
RASSELAS, PRINCE OF ABYSSINIA orrz, The Happy
Valley. Rasselas, Miss Louise Keeley.
Concluding with MRS. WHITE.

THEATRE-ROYAL LYCEUM OPEN, under
the Sole Management of Mr. FECHTER.
THIS EVENING, Jan. 16, to commence with an Original
sketch, entitled A SUDDEN ATTACK. Messrs. Shore,
Garden, H. Widdicomb, Miss Henrade, and Mrs. Lee.
After which, at a Quarter to Eight, a New Romantic
Drama, in Three Acts, and Pr3logue, entitled THE
DUKE'S MOTTO, by Paul Feval and John Brougham.
The principal character will be sustained by Mr. Fechter,
supported by Messrs. G. Vining, J. Brougham, H. Widdi-
comb% MW. 'lntyre, F. Charles, Garden, Raymond, 14_.
Butler, Dawson ; Misses Carlotta Leclercq, Kate Terry, E.
Lavenue, and Elsworthy.
Mr. Phelps and Mr. W. Montgomery are enga----I•and will ..g-
shortly appear.
Doors open at half-past Six, performance to
2
commence
at Seven. Private Boxes, £2 12s. 6d., andsl.2
64t; Places
registered. Stalls, 6s. Bd. ; Dress circle,
Circle, 4s. 6d. Prices at doors—Stalls, t price. 61;1
hDarsl;Ts Circle, ss. ;
Box-
Upper Circle, 4s. ;Pit, 2s. • Galler".elsp•
b üblic are entreated to
office open daily from 11 till 5. 'I
de to the occupants of boxes,
take notice that no charge ifonlay bills or for the safe keep-
box places, or stalls, eithaenr that
d the attendants in all parts
ing of hats and cloaVi ,
of the house are forbidden to receive any gratuities whatever
Mr. G. Vining. Acting-Manager, Mr. H.
Stage-M.anager.
Barnett.
____________

fp, OVAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.
I.aftsee and Manager, Mr 'lndus.
THIS EVENING, THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE. Mr. H.
Marston, Mr. Wallace ; Miss Constance Aylmer, Miss M.
Oliver, and Mrs. B. White.
After which, the New Grand CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME,
RIQUET WITH THE TUFT; or, Harlequin and Mother
13:lipton." Mr. G. Beimore, Mr. C. Seron, Misses Gray and
Hudspeth, Mr. Milano, Mr. R. Power, Miss A. Collinson, and
Mr. Halton!.

'XT EW FRE-R0 YAL, ADELPHI.—
k 1 Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
THIS EVENING, THE LI I TLE TRE. SURE. Mr
Billington, Mr. R. Phillips, and Miss Marie Wilton.
After which, A TICKET OF LEAVE : Messrs. J. L.Toole,
P. Bedford, and Mrs. Billington.
To conclude with " GEORGE DE BARNWELL :
or, Harlequin Folly in the Realms of Fancy." Miss Woolgar,
Miss K. Kelly, Miss Seaman ; Messrs. J. L. Took, P. Bed
ford, ..c!ephenson, C. J. Smith. Ilarkquin, Mr. John Lauri;
Lolumbine, Miss
JarColine Adams CAown, Mr. W. Filldyard
and
ntaloon, Mr. Paulo. The celebrated Arthur
.flertrand.

Commence at 7.

The VcrEATHER.—Sun Office, Jan. 16, 1863.

THERMOMETER.

Sighest since Noon yesterday
Lowest during the night
This day at N00n.....
liarometer-30.24.

Wind—N.B. ; fresh, with fine but dull weather.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tilg DA.T.—Morning,,„loh. 28m.—Afternoon,Illh. 10m
To-Kon.n.ovf.-Morning, Ilh. 49m.—Afiernoon, h. in

- •=i"
siICE410111111&;`•
• nirt

LONDON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 16, 1863.

The grand event of 1863 has come to pass. That
the PIUSIDENT's Emancipation Proclamation will
prove to be so can hardly be doubted. It is in itself
a great event, but it is scarcely possible it should
not be greater in its consequences. Some of our con-
temporaries! hope, indeed, that its first consequence
will be to insure the final separation of the South
from the North. Even if it had that result, its im- I
portance would be great enough. But it will, we
trust, have another far more interesting to English-
men. Let the States be reunited or separated, it
will have given a shock to negro slavery, from
which that hateful institution can hardly recover.
The negroes of the ten States will quickly pass the
word from one to another that the PAICSIDENT of
all the States has declared them " for ever free !"
Their masters will have no means of preventing this
knowledge from spreading, as C.MSAR says intelli-
gence did among the ancient Gauls, till in a little
time every slave from the Potomac to the Gulf, and
from Charleston and Savannah to the Mississippi,
will know that he is legally a free man.
Brutalised into indifference to bondage as
the mass of the negroes may be, the
news that they are free will pervade them like an
electric shock ; and, deluded as they have been
by their masters' representations of the North,
the fact that the North has struck uff their chains
w ill open their eyes, and change the whole current
of their feelings. The Northern armies will now be
the hope, not the terror, of Southern slaves.
The measure comes indeed late; it comes not in the
name of philanthropy or right, but of military neces-
sity. But still it comes. It leaves the loyal Border
States, half of which have begun the good work
which the others must soon follow, to voluntary
emancipation. It leaves these five States to free
themselves ; but it frees all the others, ten in num-
ber, unconditionally—except the parts which have
already come under Federal rule. Ten large Slave
States, with at least three millions of slaves, have
in one day seen their old institution deposed from
its posit ion by a military act of the Commander-in-
Chief, whose will, in his own department, is the
supreme law. The States who went with their can-
didate to the ballot, who, when defeated in a fair
ballot, declared war, with military stores in their
hands they had previously seized by treachery—
and
appealed to the sword, when theycould
Their
not conquer by reason and fair voting.

Their
doom is just. Tbey had received no injury.
State rights remained unimpaired; no attempt
on their favourite, though wicked, institution was
even thought off; too many guarantees rather were
offered thel ; but nothing would do ; if slavery
could not rule the whole Union, it would rule by
itself. They proclaimed its Divinity, and in ex-
plicit language gloried iu a THEOCRACY of SLAVERY.
We may be told that they will simply laugh at
this proclamation. It will be brutum fiamen, and
so forth. They do not seem tO have laughed at it
in anticipation. Their rage has known no bounds.
They have ludicrously enough endeavoured to
frighten their own women and children by calling
it a proclamation of 6,servile war !" They have
taught the cuckoo note to their
advocates on this
side the water, and journalists and public speakers
here have been found weak enoughAyrs
to learn and
D
repeat the cry. It is, as MASON, and
SLIDELL well know, but a nursery h
Those who began the cry have themselvesobgobnoln.
teari
of servil.e war, but they have a tyrant's tear of slaves
tricing their rights, when they have the chance.
.Accustomed to regard a man as their property, they
rae 123‘4dderled at the thought of his claiming to be-
to himself. To give wages for labour instead
lorg
r)f the whip, seems to them like the abdication cf a
throne ; to ki.ow a Leg ro to be a man is as ignomi-
nious ad to adML=t their swine and their horses to the
l:Jr] arentage. It is not servile war,
rights of ac_ a p
not assassination
but free labour which they dread'
of o their helpless wives and children, but negro
men gaining the rights of Wives, and negro chil-
dren the
rights of ehiltllicod in relation to their
p aerate.

Notwithstanding discreditable pro-slavery cant,
this imperfect proclamation has been read with a
solemn thrill of joy by thousands. Its constitution-
alism, we mean its non-application to the States
not actually in rebellion, may be forgiven by a
people who paid 20 millions to emancipate their own