The Sun.
London, England, 1863-01-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 14, 1863

~...--,
issuing flame, the screaming, hissing, whistling, shrieking
projectiles, the wreath of smoke as shell after shell burst
into the still air, the savage crash of round shot among the
trees of the shattered forest, formed a scene likely to sink
for ever into the memory of all who witnessed it, but utterly
defying verbal delineation. A direct and enfilading fire
swept each battery on either side as it was unmasked, vol-
ley replied to volley, crash succeeding crash, until the eye
lost all power of diAinguishing the lines of combatants, and
the whole plain seemed a lake of fire, a seething mass of
molten lava, coursed over by incarnate fiends drunk with
fury and revenge."
Few, we presume, of our readers would wish to
be even spectators of such a scene, unless at a
distance which"would require Lord Ross E's teles-
cope, to make it at the same time visible and safe ;
but then the thunders of the battle would lose half
' their roar.

AMERICA.

NEW YORK, JAN. 3 (Afternoon).
(Per Bohemian.)
It is reported that fighting has been renewed at
Murfreesboro'. Both belligerents have been
heavily reinforced.
Tha Rtchmond Whig contains a violent article
upon England for refusing to co-operate with
France for mediation in America, and says—" Eng-
land could have made fast friends with the South,
but that time has now gone by for ever.P,
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
Money abundant; gold 332 prem. Exchange on
London : bankers' bills, 147/ 148. Stocks flat ;
New York Centrals, 107 t ; Illinois shares, 83 ; Erie,

One impression the letter on which we com-
ment leaves on the mind of the reader, and that is,
that the North, as officered at present, has no mili-
tary chance of success against the South. Where
its gunboats can sail, its naval men are evidently
up to their work. And the extent of country
which they can penetrate is vast indeed, in the
Northern continent. But the North has produced
no men to compare with LEE and LONGSTREET,
with JACKSON and STUART, and the Guerilla
MORGAN. The ill clad soldiers are described as
being thoroughly merry and jovial under all their
hardships ; and their confidence in their comman-
ders doubles the value of every fighting man. It
will probably, however, require the whole term of
Mr. LINCOLN'S Presidentship to convince the North
that its hired masses cannot beat the Southern
conscripts, after the latter have learned their les-
son in the school of LEE, JACKSON, and STUARTS.

(Per Etna, Roche's Point, Jan. 13, 5.25 p.m.)
NEW YORK, JAN. 8.
The President's Proclamation was not published
until the 2d. It declares for ever free the slaves in
Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina,
and Virginia, except in certain counties and districts
occupied by the Federal forces, and that their free
dom will be recognised and maintained by the Go-
vernment and military and naval authorities of the
United States. All the Border Slave States are ex-
empted. The proclamation enjoins upon the people
so declared free to abstain from all violence, unless
in necessary self-defence, and recommends to them
that in all cases when allowed they labour faithfully
for reasonable wages. The proclamation states that
the slaves will be received into the Federal army
and navy, and concludes by affirming the act to he
one of justice, warranted by the constitution upon
military necessity, and invokes the considerate
judgment of mankind, and the gracious favour of
Almighty God.
Gold advanced yesterday to 1344.
The President signed the bill for the admission of
Western Virginia as a separate State on the 31st ult.

Lord CARNARTON'S recent exposure of the mis-
management of Winchester gaol seems to have

aroused the attention of other county magistrates.
The Earl of HARDWICKE, struck by the disclosures

made by his lordship, has thought it advisable to
ascertain whether affairs were conducted in the

same comfortable essy-going fashion in his own

neighbourhood. Accordingly, at the Cambridge•

shire Quarter Sessions, the noble earl took the op

portnnity of putting a few questions to the go-

. -
vcrnor as to the treatment of prisoners in

General Saxton, the military Governor at Port
Royal, South Carolina, has issued a proclamation
to the negroes in his department, stating that it is
their duty to carry the news of their freedom to
their brethren still in slavery.
Part of the Confederate force at Fredericksburg

the county gaol. The management is less ex-
travagantly indulgent than that of Winchester,
but it, certainly does not come under the head of
severe punishment. The Cambridgeshire defini-
tion of hard labour is, it would seem, six hours and

a half oakum-picking or mat-making a-day, with
one hour's exercise in the open air. Well might
Lord HARDWICKE put the pertinent inquiry—
"Do you consider six hours labour a day
hard." To which he received the following

is believed to have gone up the Rappahannock.
General Stuart, in his raid upon Dumfries, &0.,
had with him a telegraphic operator, through whom
he gained much useful information from the War
Department at Washington.
It is again reported in Washington that General
Burnside bas resigned, and that General Hooker
takes his place.
A series of battles had been fought in Tennessee
between the Confederates under Generals Joseph
Johns on and Bragg, and the Federals under Gene-

astonishing reply, " Well, they are obliged to be
kept at it. Perhaps the labour is not so hard as
digging !" It is not surprising that under this
terrible infliction of six hours a day the prisoners
grumble at their work. Those happy mortals who

have been taitors, shoemakers, or carpenters, are

allowed to follow their own trades instead of the
obLoxious oakum-picking. It is no doubt desirable
that their knowledge of a trade should be turned to
some account, but we submit that there is not much
punishment in a man working at his own trade for
about half the time that he would do if he had to
gain his living by it outside the walls. With
regard to the oakum-picking, Lord HARDWICKE'S
nautical experience was unfavourable to the injured
innocents who disliked the employment, b-
asmuch as he stated ha had often seen
a whole crew working at it, even the sick being put
to this labour. So that the work which a sick sailor
is deemed capable of afloat becomes hard labour on
terra firma within the walls of Cambridge Gaol.
The diet is on a more moderate scale than at Win-
chester ; but there is much point in a letter to a
morning contemporary, which quietly compares the
workhouse dietary with the prison fare. In winter
the prisoners are allowed four blankets, in summer
three; a pleasant contrast to most labourers' cot-
tages, when we remember that they live in a pro-
perly warmed and ventilated abode. Yet with this
moderate allowance of labour, sufficiency of good
food, open air exercise, and ten hours' rest at
night under four blankets, the prisoners, we are
told on the authority of the governor, unanimously
stigmatise Cambridge Gaol as the most uncomfort-
able gaol in England ! It reads like a satire on
our prison system, and reminds us of LEECH'S
inimitable flunkey turning away in disgust from
the leg of mutton and greens. Lord HARDWICKE
justly remarked that the treatment of the human
being as a prisoner was one of the most difficult
problems we have to deal with. "We must not treat
him as a brute, but take care that he is placed
under a kind of severe tuition. The man's mind
and body must be sustained, but sustained
in such a manner as to make the operation
excessively disagreeable to himself." This
happy medium is certainly not attained under
the mild regime of Cambridgeshire gaol, albeit it
is "the most uncomfortable in England." Lord
HARDWICKE need not have apologised for bringing
forward the subject, for it is the duty of al] county
magistrates to see that the ends of justice are really
met by the conviction of offenders. But we do not
hope much from isolated cases. The whole system
of our secondary punishments needs a thorough re-
vision and reform, and it is with some regret that
we see the Recorder of Bath, in his address to the
grand jury, defending the present ticket-of-leave
system, and making no comment on the unsatisfac-
tory state of our gaols as places of punishment and
reformation. With regard to the latter portion of
his address, although fully sensible of the benefits of
increased education, we cannot hope that crime will
diminish in proportion to the numbers who can
read and write. We fear that the want of
the rudiments of knowledge common among
convicted criminals is not an efficient
test. Too often the ignorant dupe bears the
brunt of the crime, while the sharpwitted and
better educated instigator of the mischief contrives
to elude conviction. We do not wish to depreciate
the extension of knowledge, but it will not supply
the place of better moral training; for although, as
the learned Recorder observed, the educated man has
infinite opportunities of changing his mode of living,
while he who depends on manual labour has no
honest alternative when work fails, we must
remember that fresh temptations are open to the
dishonest accountant, the embezzling clerk, the
forger, the begging-letter writer, and many
others. Two points must be aimed at with re•
gard, to the suppression of crime—the train-
ing of the young in habits of religion, morality,
and industry, and the enforcement of a salutary
dread of the terrors of offended justice. The first
lof these objects is being striven for by our ragged
schools, refuges, and reformatories ; the second we
have yet to look to by the improvement of our
..........•I
onvict system.

nople.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE. , project, General Prim should have followed its I
' example. None of the Plenipotentiaries had done
his duty at the first conference. The treaty of
Soledad, recognising Juarez, was an absurdity, as a
monarchical party does not exist in Mexico.
General Prim, in opposing General Almonte, and
France in supporting him, were both oblivious of
the promised neutrality in Mexico.
It is asserted upon reliable information that
Senor Calderon Collantes, the Minister for Foreign
Affairs, has resolved upon tendering his resigna-

FRANCE.
PARIS, JAN. 13.
The Pays thinks that the selection of Mgr.
Darbay as Archbishop of Paris, will meet with
general approbation both from the public and from
the clergy. He is well known in Paris, where
previously to having worn the mitre, he exercised
the functions of titular Vicar-General of the metro•

polis, to which he was called by Mgr. Sibour. He
enjoyed a high reputation for science and virtue,
and was regarded as an enlightened prelate,
mild and tolerant. He was formerly Pro-
fessor of Philosophy in the seminary of
Langres, and was afterwards almoner of the col-
lege Henri IV. Mgr. Sibour appointed him hono-
rary Vicar-General, with the task. of supervising
the religious instruction in the colleges of the
diocese. These divers functions he filled with
credit, and in his literary works he displays a high
degree of tolerance and goodness. 'the Pays con-
cludes by expressing its conviction that the suc-
cessor of Cardinal Morlot meets perfectly the
general wish and the necessities of the time.
The National states that the Emperor's speech,
which contained 1,332 words, was despatched to
London by the electric telegraph, which employed
six wires for the transmission. At half-past one
it was all sent to London, and by a quarter to two
it was published in extenso by the Times. The
telegraph was employod with the same rapidlty
for Vienna, Turin, and Brussels.
The first notic • of the marriage of Mut.:lel Can-
robert with Miss Mficdonhld took place last Sunday.
The Gazette des Theatres announces that the
new piece of M. Sardo, " Les Diables Noire," is
forbidden.
The Corps Legislatif was opened to-day by its
President, the Duke de Morny, who expressed his
gratitude for the sentiments contained in the Speech
of the Emperor, and hoped the deputies would not
lose sight of the fact that their language and atti-
tude would have a considerable influence upon the
mind and conduct of the electors.

The Duke de Morny further said :
" For the past five years you have unhesitatingly
given the Government your devoted assistance. If
you will compare the rights and prerogatives of
which you were possessed at the beginning of the
session with those you now enjoy, and will recall to
mind the measures modified or withdrawn by your
loyal influence, you will acknowledge that your
part has been the more efficacious and useful, be-
cause it has been conciliatory and moderate. Let
us hope that the voice of the country wi.l prolong
this position of affairs, which prevents the consti-
tution of France from being assailed because it is
capable of improvement, which allows a gradual
development of liberty, and which bases the Im-
perial dynasty upon imperishable foundations."
The speech of the Duke de Morny was received
with applause.
BOURSE, Jan. 13.—The market still continues
very heavy, and the limited amount of business
done shows a further decline. Threes, for the Ac-
count, are now at 70fr. sc. The Railway Share
Market also dull, and with lower prices for some of
the lines. The market closed as follows :

ral Rosecrans.
General Rosecransis reported to have recaptured
Murfreesborough on the 31st ult., after a desperate
engagement, in which both sides suffered severely.
The Confederates lost Generals Rains and Cheat-
ham, a large number of killed, and 500 prisoners.
The Federal loss is estimated at 2,500.
The contest was renewed on the Ist inst., but the
result is not yet known in New York.
The Confederate General Morgan captured the
whole of General Rosecrans' transport train, but is
said to have lost heavily in men and material in
skirmishes with the Federals.
The report of Corinth, Mississippi, being in Con-
federate bands is contradicted.
Confederate accounts state that the Federals were
repulsed in four attacks upon Vicksburg on the
27th, 28th, and 29th ult, The Confederates cap-
tured 400 prisoners.
The Federals destroyed 33 miles of the Vicks-
burg, Shreveport, and Texas Railway, and burnt
the town of Delhi.
President Davis and Staff arrived at Mobile on

4t per Cents .. 98 301
Do. end month....
3 per Cents
Do. end month 7O 10
New 3 per Cents
Do. end month —
Credit. Mobilier 1130
Do. end month 1132 50

Bank Shares 3350
Credit Fonder 1445
Piedmontese Fives
Italian Loan . 70
Russian
Austrian
Spanish Threes 5l 75
Rome Debt 491

SAIL'

'AYS.

Cash. Amount.
Orleans ICB2 50 .. 1082 50
Northern
New ditto —

Lyons and Mediterranean 1177 50 .. 1180
Geneva

Southern BlO

.. 812 60

Western

Eastern ....

the 30th ult.
Mr. Seymour was inaugurated as Governor of
New York on the Ist. In his inaugural address he
said that he should support the constitution of the
United States, the constitution of New York, en-
force the laws, and maintain and defend the sove-
reignty and jurisdiction of the State. His Message
to the Legislature at Albany will be delivered on
the 6th.
The Federal loan of 1842, amounting to
2,800,000 dols., will be paid in corn.
The Chamber of Commerce has passed resolutions
that the war made upon AmeriCan commerce by the
Alabama is not rebuked by the British Press, nor
the fitting out of vessels stopped by the British
Government, and that American merchants are sub-
ject, to a certain extent, to the evils which would
attend a state of war with England.
A committee was appointed to report what action
the Chamberof Commerce shall take in the matter.
Gen. Stuart had retreated safely and recrossed
the Rappahannock near Warrentown.
The British steamer Caledonia has been wrecked
on Peaked Hill Bar, Cape Cod. No lives lost.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
Money abundant. Gold, 341 prem.
Exchange on London—bankers' bills, 147-1 to
148.

Stocks buoyant. New York Central, 1081 ; Illi-
nois shares, 83; Erie, 67k.
Cotton very firm—middling uplands, 611-c. to
68c.

Flour, good inquiry, and prices sc. higher.
Wheat likewise in good demand, at a rise of lc.
Corn lc. higher, but quiet. Provisions quiet. Coffee
steady. Sugar, good inquiry. Molasses quiet.
General Butler bas arrived at New York, and
proceeded to Waiihington. It is supposed he will
have au important office.
Governor Seymour, of New York, has ordered
a trial of the New York Police Commissioners
and Superintendent Kennedy for permitting the
use of the New York police stations for the illegal

detention of citizens.
The Republican journals approve President Lin-
coln's Emancipation Proclamation. The New York
Herald thinks it unwise and ill-timed, and the
New York World looks upon it as being unconsti-
tutional, and not a war measure.

TURKEY.
CONS lAN FINOPLE, JAN. 13.
Sir Henry Bulwer has returned to Constanti-

He has induced Fuad Pasha to accept the Presi-
dency of the Grand Council.
An imperial Hatt has been published announcing
financial and other reforms.

SPAIN.
MADRID, JAN. 13 (Evening).

In to-day's sitting of the congress, Senor Rios
Rosas, in speaking upon the Mexican question,
maintained that the Spanish Government should
have put forward a Spanish prince for the throne
of Mexico. He considered that intervention in
Mexico was legitimate and justifiable. He cen-
surer' the Government for not having given any
reply to the despatch from Paris announcing the
candidature of the Archduke Maximilian. But as
the Government had not
protested against the

Sardinian .. 360
Austrian
__

.. 516 25

lOW bard
North of Spain
Saragossa ' 655 .. 655
Ditto to Barcelona