The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-23 00:00:00

POST OFFICE SAVINGS BANKS.

In two years, from Sept. 16, 1861, to Sept. 15, 1863, the
Post-office banks have received £3,736,885 in 1,208,938 se-
parate deposits, and they have repaid £1,088,544 in 226,245
separate sums. They have opened accounts for 324,355 de-
positors; on September 15, 1863, the accounts of 266,857
of those depositors remained open in the books of the
Post-office, and the total sum duo to those depositors
was on that day £2,648,340. The establishment of
Post-office savings banks has not resulted in a mere
taansfer of business from one public institution to another.
It has resulted in a marked increase of business, and in a
large addition to the number of those prudent and frugal
persons who seek the security of the State for the safe cus-
tody and prompt repayment of their savings. In the ten
years ending on Nov. 20, 1861—that is, in ten years prior
to the establishment of Post-office savings banks—there
had been an annual average increase at the rate of 3 4-sths

per cent. in the total number of savings -bank depositors in
the United Kingdom. In the year ending Nov. 20, 1862
—that is, in the year following the establishment of Post-
office savings banks—the increase in the number of depo-
sitors throughout the kingdom (taking the depositors in
Post-office banks together with the depositors in old banks)
was at the rate of fit per cent. Throughout the whole
kingdom the old banks lost 65,000 and the Post-office
banks gained 160,000 depositors. In the first place the
Post-office banks are nearer to the depositors than it was
possible for the old banks to be. Edinburgh, Glasgow,
Dublin, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and Bristol,
had each a well. managed and thoroughly reliable savings
bank; but in towns of such magnitude the distance of the
savings bank from tie homes of a large part of the popula-
tion must frequently have weakened the resolution of the
prudent, and furnished the imprudent with a fresh excuse
for improvidence. The Post-office has opened five banks in
Edinburgh, five in Glasgow, twelve in Dublin, ten in Liver-
pool, sixteen in Manchester, ten in Birmingham, and seven
in Bristol, and the result has proved that the accommoda-
tion which has been given was urgently required. In the
county of Middlesex, before the establishment of Post-office
savings banks, there was an appearance of abundant savings
bank accommodation. It that county there were 41 old
prosperous and well-managed savings banks, which seemed
to hold out all needful inducements to prudence and fruga-
lity. The Post-office has opened more than 200 banks in
Middlesex, and there was in tie year following the estab-
lishment of those banks, a clear addition of 30,000 persons
to the total number of depositors—which increase was at the
rate of 10 per cent., as compared with an increase of only 21
per cent, in previous years. Another marked advantage of
the Post-office banks, and one which has been largely ap-
preciated, is this—that a depositor in any Post-office savings
bank may continue his deposits or obtain repayment of his
money at that bank, or at any other of the 3,000 banks in
the United Kingdom, without change of book or breaking of
account. This advantage, which could not be conferred by
any but a central institution, such as the Post-office, is largely
used, both by those whose occupations compel them to move
frequently from place to place, and by those who travel for
pleasure. The tourist, the commercial traveller, the mechanic
who moves from town to town in search of employment, the
reapers and haymakers who, at the proper season fbck into
the large agricultural districts ; the nurses who go down
from the London hospitals to tend the sick in various parts
of the country; the travelling showman, and the strolling
player—all these avail themselves freely of the peculiar faci-
lities thus afforded by the Post-office banks. In the techni-
cal language of the Post-office banks, deposits and with-
drawals which are made at another bank than that at which
the depositor first opened his account are called cross de-
posits and cross withdrawals, and in the two years over
which the operations of the Post-office banks have extended
there have been 54,000 cross deposits, and 41,000 cross
withdrawals. Something remains to be said of the depositors
who have been attracted to the Post-office banks by the ad-
vantages which I have described. The old savings banks
and the Post-office banks were alike established with a
view to give facilities for the deposit of small savings at in-
terest. The average amount of a single deposit in the old
banks is £4 Os sd. The average amount of a deposit in the
Post-office banks is only £3 is 91 We must conclude,
therefore, either that the Post-case banks have reached a
poorer class of depositors than the old banks have been able
to attract, or that, by affording facilities for the more fre-
quent deposit of small sums, they have increased the in-
ducements to frugality and removed some of the tempta-
tions to wastefulness. In either case it must be allowed
that the object for which all savings banks were established
has been most fully and completely attained by the Post-
office banks, and that those) banks have supplied an accom-
modation which the poorer classes of the country had ur-
gently required.—From a Paper read at the Meeting of the
Social Science Association by Frank Ives Scudauiore, Re
ceiver and Accountant-General, General Post-office.

= -
Prince Czartoryski and the Poles.

The following speech was addressed by Prince
Czartoryski at the meeting in London, on the 21st
inst., of the Committee of the National League for
the Independence of Poland :
Gentlemen,—Being in England for a few days I consi-
dered it my duty, as well as a great pleasure, to attend this
meeting of the Committee of the National League for the
Independence of Poland, in order to tender to you and to
your president, for so many years past the devoted and
talented friend and champion of my country, my own grate-
ful acknowledgments, and the grateful acknowledgments of
the National Government, for the warm and useful interest
displayed in our cause by the establishment of the League,
While I deeply thank you, I do not hesitate to claim for my
that we deserve and
country, and with honest pride to 5133,
are entitled to, your best services. Oar cause, however courts
or cabinets or diplomatists may trifle with or undervalue it,
is emphatically your own cause--the cause of order and
civilisation, of all that i 3 precious in the institutions and
principles of the West. Poland is in arms for the vindica-
tionht,—the rights which God and
of her inalienable rig
her history, and, I may add, her services to Europe and to
Christendom, have conferred upon her. Those rights re-
present individual liberty, political and religious equality
before the law, justice rendered to all classes of the po-
au religions and persuasions, free-
pulation, to Poles of
respect for the rights of property,
dom of commerce,
and, in our relations with other nations, respect for
ose claim ourselves.uch
the same rights as
are the principles of which which thewe Nationalfor
GovernmenShan
proclaimed itself the representative ; and I need not remind
any one who has closely followed its conduct, and still less
youreeive, gentlemen, how strictly it has acted in accord-
ance with its professions. By so acting, though anonymou
it has become strong, and gained prompt and universals
obedience, as expressing the aspirations of the country,
and
it is because it represents the idea of right and justice that
the oppressor, notwithstanding his brutal power, strives in
vain to destroy it. These, gentlemen, are facts which it is
difficult to reconcile with the statements of our enemies and
their supporters—few, I am thankful to
caning in doubt the identification of tshaeY—pionlichy England
calling
national Governmentwiththeprinciples to which alone it
owes its existence,
and which it
prmlaimed to the world. Having has loudly and repeatedly
er
fi d neitherperfidious
rightinsin insinuations
otnr us
,t home
and
their eidn, they have recourse to
p
especially to such as arei most capable of deluding popular
opinion in England. assertion that oar struggle for in-
dependence is not without an Ultramontane colour, -is evi-
dently a manceuvirne:ioufthaitis kind. It is easy to perceive the
an
object of suchon. Our enemies know well that
nothing is so dear to the
most rightly 80—a English people—and as I think
s religious freedom. England's noblest
sons have shed their lood fer this precious good. To
blacken the Polish cause from this point of view, and to
represent our struggle for national, political, and religious
freedom as a war of religion, seemed to them a cleverly de-
vised stratagem. Fortunately their accusationslie have fallen
b
dead against the sound judgment of opinion. The
English people Las as yet received npou complaintof
whoperse
cution by the National Government from an
does not profess the Catholic religion. On they Poleother hand,
it still remembers the recent cruel imprisonment of the
spiritual and temporal representatives of the Protestant and
Israelite communities in Warsaw by the Muscovite autho-
rities. The English people has never heard of proselYth"
by the Poles, but knows well that 5,000,00 of r°les were
forced by the Czar Nicholas, by means of every species of
tortures of body and mind, to enter the so-called orthodox
Greek-Russian Church. Finally, it knows that the very
people who in England dare to speak of religious freedom,
at home strictly maintain a barbarous decree which imposes
most severe penalties on those who abandon the Greco-Rua_
sian faith, and force parents of different relizions to bring
up their children in the orthodox Church. Gentlemen, let
us no longer waste time on these accusations, in which it
most moves our disgust_
is difficult to say which the
groundlessness of the assertion or the audacity with which
rather hope that these brief remarks,
in
it is made. Lot us
ndec
a reference to undeniable facts, will suffice to undeceive
and
those who accepted the statements of our enemies
goodtis
faith. Let us hope that the statement of the truth in this
matter will be accepted as affording a true measure of the
general accuracy of the accusations of cur enemies, Should
•

yen, however, at any time be in
matter referring to Poland, I
attention the public documents i
Government, especially that of
which you will find all the circumstancesLhat he) pod to
gain your sympathies confirmed. Allow me tt.'
ill be
itadd W. a' few
7
words regarding the peasants in Poland. I think
admitted on all hands that however circumstances: or the
grossest misrepresentations may to a certain extent dt
slay
or vary the interest taken by the peasants of certain t hs-
tricts in the insurrection, their treatment by the Natiot
Government has been fully in accordance with the prit '-
ciples which it represents. At the very beginning of du
insurrection it proclaimed a measure which the Russian.
Government had never taken or con!-Dkuplated—the grant to'
the peasants, not only of the land on w,hich they work, but
also of equal rights to those of the rest: Di the population.
That the peasants have no complaint to ,make of the Na-
tional Government, but, on the contrary, are often eager
partizans of the national cause, is proved • the fact that
in all the political executions, as well as on We battle-fields
of Poland, they are to be found in consideral`lt
fighting and dy numbers,
ing by the side of nobles, priests, .and arti-
zans, for the freedom of their common country. _TX ere can
be no doubt that the numbers of the peasants who -4-ht in
the ranks of the
the
would immediately increaso con-
siderably were t,ie National Government able to furnish t he ra
with arms. It is nono tho less true that an insurrect:ol.'•
which has lasted for nine mouths in presence of the nume—
rous Muscovite troops in, Poland could not have maintained
itself wi heat the support of the rural population. Gentle-
men, with these few. words, words corroborative of your
gratitude, to your president's own written. and, eloquent addresses, I commit
wfrietehantlidapnokwfuelr
sup-
portm y
andu England. We ask
n try
advocacy's cause,in
nothing of your noble country but what vee fairly believe to
be the very least that in honour and good faith, in duo re-
gard for her own interest, character, and consistency, and
upon every principle of justice, she is bound to accord to us
—viz,, the withdrawal of her sanction of the dominion of
Russia over our country, and the recognition of our belli-
gerent rights. We claim, as regards our past history, our
centenary of oppression and suffering, our devotion to our
country's freedom in the present and former struggles, at
least all your moral sympathy and support, if you accord no
more. To our own union, energy, and courage, and to Al-
mighty and All-righteous
God of Hosts we trust for the
rest."

-
The Last Review of the Modenes Brigade,

FROM A CORRESPONDENT.

On the 24th Sept., at 8 in the morning, the
Modenes brigade was drawn up in a large walled
field opposite the Palazzo Cappello in Cortighano.
H.R.H. the Duke on horseback, followed by a car-
riage in which was the duchess, passed for the last
time along the front of their faithful troops. A
military mass followed immediately. The altar
was erected in the balcony of the first floor of the
Palazzo Cappello, and the brigade was massed in
front of the altar, which was visible to all from its
elevated position.
The service being aver, the chaplain-in-chief gave
the benediction to the honoured ranks. After the
holy service, H.R.H. the duke again mounted on
horseback, and a square being formed, the follow-
ing order of the day was read:—
ORDER OP THE DAY.
Guards Noble of Honour, officers, non-commissioned
officers and soldiers of the Estensian Brigade.
The moment of giving you an attestation of our esteem
and gratitude is arrived. Providence has not permitted us
to confer it, as we hoped, in our own native home, after a
glorious campaign along with you.

Receive, then, from our hands this day the token of your
virtues as soldiers and faithful subjects. All from first to
last you have fulfilled your duty. We thank you, aid
accept the expression of our unalterable gratitude.
_ _

The Duchess, our beloved Consort, and your Sovereign,
who has come expressly to see you once more, shares en-
tirely these feelings of ours. _

Preserve ever stainless and honoured the mark of distinc-

tion which we consign to you this day. Those who will
not return home—that is to say, almost the whole corps of
officers, and a large proportion of the non-commissioned
officers and men, will wear it proudly in the ranks of the
army into which they are about to enter, and which will
respect and value it. Those who return to their own.
country will keep it with care, until better dayS, and above
all, will cherish in their hearts the feelings which animate
them this day, and will spread them in their families, in
whose bosom we wish that they may be able tranquilly to
remain. (Signed) FRANCIS.
Bassano, Sept, 24, 1863.

When this Order had been rend, all the officers,
and two non-commissioned officers of each corps
and battalion fell out from the ranks to be decorated
by H.R.H. with the commemorative medal created
by his Da,3al decree of 31st July. This medal is of
brcr.ze, having on one side the effigy of the Duke,
and on the reverse the words " Faltlitati et Con-
stantio in adeersis."

H.R.H. addressed a few words in particular to

the superior officers, and to each of the corps of the
officers, for lie knew thoroughly each and. all ;
and then he decorated them and the non-commis-
sioned officers and soldiers who had fallen out from
their places, while, not to prolong too much a cere-
mony so painful, the captains in command of com-
panies, in the Duke's name, attached upon the
breasts of their men that mark of honour.
The distribution of the metals ended, there was
•read a second Royal Order of thanks and farewell,
which the Duke addressed to his faithful soldiers,
and which ran as follows :
Officers, noncommissioned officers, and soldiers
ug now I—Hav-
• l decorated you with the badge of honour, which
you have so well merited, before parting from you we thank
right heartily„in the first place, your most worthy Com-
manding General for the urtiring zeal, the attachment
through every ordeal, and the prudence with which he
preservingsue-
ceededinaboveu
fo this
ryears, chos
in
chosen
theband
midst of
of
faithful
most
soldiers
throughout trying
circumstances, and with the certainty that he would havo
thus maintained it till better days, if circumstances foreign
to us and equally foreign to you had not put an end to the
existence of this brigade.

We thank also the chiefs of corps and all the staff and
and subaltern officers, for the co-operation which, with no
less zeal, they afforded their well-beloved commrnder.
We cherish the like feelings towards the noble guard of
honour who, freely quitting their homes and families, fol-
lowed us, and this day are at our aide.
Lastly, we thank the non-commissioned officers and sol-
diers, and all others who up to this day have been attached
to the brigade, for the fidelity which they have maintained
towards us, and for the exemplary discipline which they
constantly observed up to this latest moment.
Born and brought up among you, you know us enough
to conceive what we suffer in this separation and bidding
you, if only for the present, as we do, adieu to each and
all, flattering ourselves that in no circumstances will you
forget your lawful prince, whose lasting affection will
remain with those who will not cease to follow the path
which honour and conscience dictates.
Imploring every blessing of God upon you, we hope that
we may some day find as many of you as possible gathered
again around these honoured standards, which we shall
keep as a precious deposit, praying that we may one and a!
contribute yet to the triumph of the cause of religion end
justice. (Signed) FuAlicl •

iyheemrepeirainooestainless, as
. ... .
Bassano, 24 September, 1863.
A loud Er, viva responded to this cordial filar Ilinl:
while tears burst from the eyes of officers and
of old and young. Then the square wseken up
under
and the brigade, still above 2,300 strong
_,A his royal
arms, defiled before their Sovereign B°'
Consort.
t to come. In
The most painful moment has
officers
was assembled
the afternoon the corps of
i n A
their company
So v -
before the Duke's quarters Bassano.
hGeneral, Saccozzi,
traced thsaedthvataeoy;;:loaf
of grenadiers, of the let adnai:h
bearing their colours to
venerated
reign's hands, Their
~eii_ 0
in
which
Prince and to their
after a short speech,
the Estensian troops
given of their
banner, which they
received them, into their Sovereign's
they had a answered, that in
his sorrow it was
hands.
I".- lation to be o
least a consolation able to reflect on that
at
fatal day bow honoured were their colours which
without must be lowered fault of his or ,theirs, and
that be would preserve them as precious memorials
a his faithful troops, and with the hope of still see-
ing them raised aloft again.
From the hands of the General, H.R.H. received
the two colours and consigned them to his Grand
Their Royal
Steward, General Count Forni.
gclelitYna°tl3owd
tshaerrd.me- a tfnd
Highnesses, immediately after this
painful act, took leave of the General, and the whole
corps of ofßeers, who, with profound emotion and
tearful eyes,
kissed hands. His Royal Highness,
turning towards thu (47.2 nattier company, which
WAS drawn up Mora the door of his apartment
look leave of them also, saying, " Farewell, my
children ; do not forget me, and always remain
men of honour ;" and with these words, to which
these admirable soldiers replied with a spontaneous
and hearty cheer, and amidst the weeping
last
families
of the officers gathered in the court to bid a.
parted from
adieu to the Duchess, he hastily entered the carriago
with her Royal Highness, and finally
..
so many hearts that were beating warmly ler their
departing Sovereign.

att,C",