The Sun.
London, England, 1839-06-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON. ‘VEDNI4:SDAY. JUNE 26 Li-39

cordially co. operate with. the ImPerial Parliament, in adopt
ing, those measures which were for their good. If the; Colo
nial Legislature had claimed the waste lands they had only
claimed them to prevent j -The feeling with respect
emigration was universal; it was a feeling that. the Govern
merit could
.guide but it could not control or dam up
They found men in the first station in society sending out
their children to carve their fortunes in these colonies, and
all he wanted was, that every facility shoirld be afforded to
them to do so. Look to New -Zealand ; a few years
-since the Government of this country refused to calordse
that country, and now it was colonising itself. He be-
lieved the brother of his Hon. Friend the. Member for
Leeds intended to embark the whole of his fortune in
that colony.- Emigration would go on, and the only
question was, whether it should go on under a proper or
aa improper guidance. It was absurdto supppose that the
aborigices were averse to colonization; all that was neces-
sary in dealing with them was to take care that justice was
done them, and if it was, then they would be satisfied.
These colonies would furnish constantly-increasing mar
kets For their trade; because when they ,vsere imbued with
English tastes and habits, the demand would go on con-
tinually increasing. It was, after all, .to these colonies
they must look for a market for their home pro-
duce, fur their trade was not increasing with the
other states of Europe. In 1827 their export trade
with the United States was one million sterling
in 1831 it was nine millions, and in 1836 it was twelve
ruilNoas, or more than half the value of their shipments
to the whole of Europe, with a population fifteen times as
great as that of the United States. Look, then, at the
trifle of Great Britain wi.h the other Furore in States.
It was fluctuating, and on the whole it might be con-
sidered as stationary. Their trade with Russia in 1827
was 1,180,907/. ; in 1836 it was 1,742,654/. That, at all
events, could not he call an increasing trade. Their trade
with Prussia in 1827 was 174,1381., and in 1836 it was
161,722/. Their trade with Germany, in 1827, was
4 651,618/., and in 1836 it was 4,463 540/. It ras the
same with Porturral, Austria, and the American Co-
lonies. With Al, xico it teas in 1827, 903.7021., and
in 1836 i was 432 902/. L. was manife)t, there-
fore, that in all these cases their t:ade was by Ito
means an increasing one. Let them look, then, at the
British North American colonies and the West .Indies—
their trade with the fermcr, which, in 1827. wes
1.300.000/. had increased, in 1836, to 2,732,400/. In-
the West I *dies it ,had fluctuated very little, notwithst tad-
jog the West Indies had lady undergone the most im-
portant social change that Lad ever been accomplished.
et the a look, then, at the nsw and rising cr lonics of
Australia, in which the proi;reEs had been allno-t
unex-
aompled in rimaidito. The value of their exports, in 1827,
was 449,892/. ; it was now 1.180,5,341.—(11ear, hear.)
Their trade with Algoa was, in 1827, 552,000/. ; while,
in 1834, it was only 236,000!. These statements would,
he was satisfied, convince the House of the cape-
,' dieney of extending the principle of disposing of
' land to ems rants at a reduced price, to every
pat of the Australian Colonies. He had now done with
these. details ; but before he concluded he would observe
upon one argumern which it was probable might be ad
vaneed against him. Perhaps he might be told that they
d d riot want to extend :heir Colonial dependencies—that
they had cot colonies enough already. Was it meant to
be asserted that they had roarleets enough 4:11i employiro
nt
enough already—that wages end prefits were high
enough—and that there was no poli ical discontect, and
an political or social sofTcrir:g ? Why, the Nit;onal Peti-
tion, with i:s 1,200.000 signatures, which stood for dis
cussion that very night, was at once the child and the
parent of the nstional distress which existed th•oaahout
'he country. These Were evtla, however, which might be
overcome ; but they could not forget that there was a
a foreign competition springing tip abroad amid that the
English maeuroeurers r ere beaten in- the matkets which
they formeily enj-myed as exc!usive' monopoly of.—
( Hear, hear ) lie asked whether it was not wise with
that distress awl these dangers staring them in the face
to endeavour to open a safety valve for :heir superabun-
dant population, ar,d their enormous and overgroao trade.
It appeared to him that no plan would be more effectual
for that puroose than 0 c resolutions which he we,
s about
to stfsmit to the Hause. fie was satisfie I tla it their
adoption would open a new reit-act. of national prosperity,
ana
give mploya cat to a large body of the population.
Let them only foil id •heir- Colon'es.on a sound prh,ciple,
as they hal deem in South Audralia—let them give them
a goad local Government as soon as the population lied
mttained a certain account, and be was satisfied that
the most ben( fetal results would flow from it.
Ile hoped his lion. Friend the Uoder Secretary for the
Colonies would not to-night, l.y opp ;sing the present mo
them. shut himeelf out from the greatest career of practical
utility whieh any man could engage in. The Ilia. Meant
tier eimehiled hysubmittine his resolutiona, and resumed his
scat amidst cheers from all part; of the House.
Sir W. INIOL ES WORTH had much pleasure in se-
conding the resolutions. Ills Hon. Friend proposed that
a certain price should be affixed to the waste lands of these
colonies, and that the fund thereby raised should be applied
to the ourp.mses cif emigration. By that means the prornie-
tws of these lands would be furaished with the labour
which was necee-a:ry to bringthsm ioto a state of cuhive.
Lion, and without which they would he comparatively useless.
II i wine; paid much attention to the pi.teal colonies, he had
been requested by his II Al. Friend to thaw h os- th.ese irn-
oortant principles might be spoiled to New South Wales
and Van Diereco's land. For a considerable 'perk(' after
the foundirig of the Colony of New South Wales. it was
inhab ted solely by convicts, their superintendents, and the
soldiers appointed to guard the prkiners. Sonic of the
offieers obtained land on condition of supperting a certain
number of convicts. The settlers thus made money,
acquired more convicts as slaves, and the colony appeared
to ba in the most thurialiing condition. Van DiCi.Mm's
Lau.l rcas in macy respve'.s the same, la order to show
how great hid b. en the increase of wealth, lie Would refer
to co, tain returns before the house. IVOOI Wil3 the slaplo
produce of Austral'a. ISOO the numleo- tmf sheep in
Nut South Willies did not (evened 7,000. In 1830 there a ere
halt" a end now they probably execeAol
.3,000,000 •
In 1807 the quantity of :wool exported was 215 lbaseiveiseh
in 1828 it was 834,000 ;in the same year from New'
South %Vales and .Van Diemen's Land the quantity,
eva; 1,574 0001 k. ; and during the last eight year,
the increeese had been no less than eightfOld, ameunting in
value to 600.000! sterling Hear, bear.) The fisheries
ereeexci cling ly valuable. 1823 the value was 33 000/.,
acid ire 1835 it had ineremed sixfold. In 1828 the imports
were 811,000/. ; in 1836 they had doubled, and the tonnage
bad likewise doubled. The comMerce of the penal cole.
nies in 1836, with a population not exceeding 125-.000
persons, was equal to four-fifths of that ofthe Canadaseaed•
double that of the 'ilatiritius. The market affmrded by the
penal colonies for British produce. was equal to (4e-eighth
of the whole colormial empire. He thought this showedabe
necessity of adopting the principles advocated by his 1100.
Friend, so a; to-prevent those - dangers that were now
pendinme. Toe whole amount of the British funds
expanded on the Colonies exceeded 8,001) 000/. and -
the expense of m mintaining them was 500,0004
The increase of population hal gone on slowly, on 'ac-
ceunt of the unequal proportion of the sexes in the somber
transported. But he was satisfied that no Government
could long coritieue the present system of transportation.
The a mployment of convicts as slaves had been condemned
by every person, and the present system produced mon-
muoities as depraved as tiary were wealthy. The, colonies
could only be supplied with labour by adapting the prin-
ciples of his Hon. Friend, and he thought the Colonial
Office had acted wisely in objecting to the proposal of im-
porting Hill Coolies into NV h" South Wales, bee-fuse that
would only be establishing a system of slavers'. The only
way in which the Cel ,nies could be supplied with labour
was by emigration from this country. But he thought there
was great objection to sending people from this country to
the same place where criminals were sent, first, because it
would in a great degree tend to diminiSh the fears of trans,
portation, immasmircli as the condition of a labourer in our
Colonies was represented as better than the condition of a
labourer in this country,—and secondly, because it pro-
duced communities, as he had stated, worse than any other
community in the world. That was fully proved by the
Report of toe Transportation Committee. He entsr-
tooled serious doubts whether a Government was mo-
rally justified even in allowing the industrious classes of
this country to emigrate to Colonies where their moral prin-
ciples were lisble to be subverted by contact with criminals
If transportation were abolished, he thought there would
be no difficulty in supplying the Colonies will labour, and
the moral effect of the emigration from this country, in
order to supply it, would indeed be very great. If during
the next four cc five years 100;000 persons were located in
the Colonies, within that time, they would in a very short
time exceed :300,000. From returns he then held in his
hand the expense attending emigration to those distatmt
C denies cv old b about 201. He should propose that a
sum of twa millions ought to be raised, and he thought it
wauld be easily done at the rate of from 400,000/. to
502,0001. a-year upon the security of the laud;. lii 1836,
the 4troduce of tacse land sales was 160,0001., at the very
low rens of 5.3. an acre. Ha would ~firopose that the
House should pass; a Bill according to the plan of his
Idol. Friend—that the land should be soid at 203. an acre
—that would not be too much for the land in a wealthy
community such as Van Diemen's Land. Ilia had• Co.
doubt the money could be easily raised if the Government
guaranteed the repayment—it might then be borrowed at
a very little above the interest of money in this country.
He had-deeply considered the subjoct and it been con-
firmed wi•hin these few days. He had received a report
from the Committee of the Council in New South Wales,
in which they propose to raise the same sum, and to have
it applied to the same purposes—they had submitted the
plan to 82 of the most influential of the settlers-58 of
them heartily aproved of the plan, 8 declined to offer any
ternark3, while only 18 objected to it, and that on the
ground that it might be made a job of, aril the money
be expended on other purposes than emigration.
?le was of opinion that amidst our possessions in kus•
tralia and the Indian Seas seats for the agricultural and
commercial operations aid interchanges of our countrymen
:night be found which would fully indemnify us for those
p artistic of the New World whlch we were soon about to
lose. Thinking that the greatest advantages would re-
sult to this country from the settlement of those regions
by men of our own race he warmly supported time motion
of his H•m. Friend._ Cheers.)
Mr. LA BO UCH E E said that whatever he might thirds
of the general priaciplo, or of the details of the measure
brought forward by the Ilan. Gentleman, it must be ad-
mitted that no subject of greater importance could occupy
time attention of Parliament;—(Hear, hear.) It eas the
duty of Parliament and of the -Government, by every fair
means in its power, and particularly so now, when the dis-
I position of the lower classes, and also of persons of the
• nigher ranks, but of small capital, to settle in distant
lands and work for independence, still continuing attached
to British connections, was unprecedentedly strong. He
thought it was our duty to assist the honourable desire
of those persons for independence, and no duty
would better become Parliament and time Government them
to exert the wealth and it.fluence which providence had
blessed us with in diffusing Evils)] =liners and the Eng-
lish language over those distant portions sif the globe which
were as yet unoccupied. His Hon. Friend began his
speech by attacking the manner iv, which the Crown lands
in our colonies had been disposed of up to the last ten
Years. He would not def. nd that system. He (Mr. La-
bouebere) would admit that irretrievable mischiefs had

'risen horn the j .bbing in Crown lands, to-which it had
given rice. It was impossible to. read Lord Dur-
ham's report on N 'rah America without feeling
;he strongest in ligetation up:n reflecting ;how much a
e ter state of thiogs have prevailed in
those provinces, if anothersystem of di: posing of the Crown
lands had been pursucd.—( Hear, hear, hear.) But now
the dlfficulty was to r.arace our steps—
Sad revocare g rectum. sup .irasmte evadei e ad. auras,
- Hie labor, hoc opus est.
The Government must proceed [with great caution amidst
the complicated difficulties that now were before them, but
•t was determined that the late system of abuses should no
longer be continued. He agreed that the best way to dis-
pose of the Crown lands would be by impartial sale._
(.11ear. ) But at the same time he must say that neither he
nor his more experienced friends in the House were
inclined to pleigo themselves to the general principle
or to the details of the Hon. Gentleman's motion. There
was now a fixed method of selling the Crown lands by
auction, both in our Colonies and in the United States of
America. But he found many well-informed persons—
and amongst those Gevernors of Colonies—who were of
opinion that instead of Adopting a fixed maxima price
for Crown lauds everywhere, as recommended by the
and then leave it to the
,better to put up the :lands
‘11? u
I):nani).ectGtiitocia atl:ntle a
ontalmnri'diti'de tiarwsu.ontulpdt-rjibeceeweein favour of this rem
Odois‘tei
distinguished
sit;t
c4Nwe
public N.a 1c1,,, e ss_i r
a(3ll.veeGryinpppdisn.._,isoenvvr‘li:n):g.
,tthhiaaert,dthe
principle should be adhered to,
of selting- all holds by public action. He ( Mr. Lebou-
,
Acre) agreed in the propriety of the general principle
that it was most desirable that as large is proportisn of the
produce of the sales of land should be devoted to the en
couragement of emigration, as could be spared from other
very important objects,—f Hear, hear.)- But he did oleject
to the House pleigieg itself to any strict and aletleite
principle.—( Hear, hear ) It hail been said that Seuth
ustrala was a model in this respect. • Ile-did not deny
that td is colony had been founded on most excellent prin.
eiples, and that its prosp-rity had been most remark tble.
And it had certainly beea down. es a fundanontal
orinciple in the original Act, that the entire produce of the
land sales should be devoted to emigration. But let the House
mark that not a year had passed before a very essential
modification of the Act was t eqeired.—( Hear, hear )
The Commissioners snore borrowing money attache per
.cent. Thin eas foetid a very extravagant course, and a
provision was secured, though a little disguised, with the.
real design of coablingethe land sales fund to be appro-
priated to general purposes. Was he not justified then in
calling upon the House to pause before they, iii the rpie
sent imperfect stale of i.ifortinvion, proceeded to pledge
themselves to a plat; of this description ? The felines of
the Colooists themselves must not be forgotten, and if
they were found averse to any other mode of raising.- a
revenue by taxation, and there were pressing wants to be
,o-evhierl
.for cormecte& wi h time nee...sea:7 expenses of
the G mvernment, surely they ,sh ba cansidered.—
( Hear. ) There were other. important of jects calling, for
provision. equally im:tortaut wilt the encourrgetnent
of emigration, Whit!, fer example, could be a more sa-
t-red claim than the protection •of the aborigines, rhos:
lands we have poasessed ourselves of Hear, bear.)
Therm there were the :risking cif the roads, surveying, &v.
—objc eta which might very fitly be provided for out of teese
funds.—(blear.) All he wished to impress upon his Hon.
Friends was the itneessibility of adhering to strict rules,
hiele tl.oigh they might 1 ok very well • upon pawn,
must practically be ) As to the power
of anticipating future. sales, he, agreed that it might be
eel! to allow. this under certain circumstances. B t
such a power ought never to be allowed, except with great
caution, and tlith c-ireful ( Hear.) S.r G.
Gieps had pointed out the baneful .effse s• produced on a
:.:xetiroan,y.;gb,yric(tthia fae a
tiiieua west ; and the temptation t•,
consequent up en the idea of a lavishly
supplied treasury.--( Loud cries of" Hear, hear )
The House had be en told that the system acted on hitherto
h d been im meect and inadequate, end that the land reve-
nue hal been diverted to other pureeses, and consequently
that a s'ee had heee pat to the prosperty of the Colony.
lie would read a statement of the 'amount of the laral reve•
rue of the colony of New South Wales for sae e time, past.
1.11830; the amou:it (Attie land rsvenue of the Colony we:
1.5961 This ices under the old system of freegr
1831, it amennted to 3,6831 ; -in 1832. to 13 683/ ; in
1833, to 2).272!. ; in 18.31. to 42 489/ ; in .1833, to
80.875/ ; in 18.36, to 108 358/. "; and in 1837, to
127,8661. New, out of this revenue. dime had bsen voted
enceuraging- emierati .n in 1832, 5,377/. ; in 1833.
:1 200/. ; in 183 1 7 973/. ; in 18.35 10 7641. ; in 1833,
11,7911. : in 1637, 44,729! Tois year 1837 was the fi"t
in which the 0 ,varninent plan for eticauraging emigration
e .me into operation—it had come into opereteon about the
middle of last year, having been ',heed under the controul
ef a son trate department for that purpose wider the Co-
lonial Office. hi' 18:31, when the plan c .me wholly into
rep ;ration 100,03(1/. had been voted for the purpose of emi-
gration to N.fw South Wales alone—there hail been 2-1
emigrant ships dispa•ehed from this comely to New Sseth
Wales, having on board 6,509 soulse the :ood estima-
ted exp:inse of the einierrati 'n was 116,000/ Sathat in
two years an additim of 10 030 scads Lad been male
to the colony; the whole population of [which
eirmtrited to - 100 000 souk lie thought his
[lon. Fiend would edmit 'that this was not either
a miserable nor a slieleing way of cen looting emi-
gration. Ile thought if his Hen. Ft iceod would look
to that part of the question he would he aware that great
temporary evil might aidae from forcing emigration. The
last account from S.r George Gipps a~i 7, that owing to
the extensive ana sudden thought there was at that me
actually ro der:l,nd for • labour, and he thought
if they to,lt from the Colonists all control over these
matters . the result could not but 13 c very dislitrol,.. Hr
Ks# fully 3:•rtil,le of the great it,portatice of this question,
and his Noble Ftieril the Secretary for the Colonies ft t
incest anxious on the subject, which was One to which he
would demote-his attention at the ea opportunity; and
'which he would approach t ;telly ueprejud:ced on the sub.
j% et. He hoped ie the preeint state of the ll,:use his
Ii n. iend. Would not tress his motion to a division ; 'he
easidered it 'a miestien more properly belonging to the
Executive- Goren Merit. He did not say this With any in-
t, ntion of givi,-;g the question the. go by, because he was
sensible it was a subj et requiring the greatest examina-
tion. ILA caution,
Mr. WARB IiRTON hoped his Hon Friend would not
accede to this-sugghstiore or rest satisfied with the as-.
suramice that the matter should receive the conaideratioe
of the G efernsectit. What he asked was, that a cereain
fixed principle ghoul,' be Hid do wn orm which the Government
was to act, and looking at the unsteady mode of action
which bad been pursued by dmfferent Colonial Seeretar'es,
he thought- they wanted some fixed law fur the regulation
of these matters. As an instance ,of the way in a hick
the Colonies were managed, he would mention the case
of Nova Scotia. In that Colony, a grant bad been made
to the late Duke of York, which had been the subject of
jest complaint. Could it be. to the advant.ige c,f the
Colony, that in order to pay his gambling debts, a Prince
Royal should have grained to him by the men treh of
the country. all the mines and minerals of a whole
Colony; the next day the Prince male a silo of this
grant, to -a silversmith, to whorn these important rights
were transferred in perpetuity and taken from the
Colonists, who of course have. a deep stake..
and
d enpoewnd etdh con the cmc easnsnerofin
whichsteam
in the matter,
inhaivsigsialtvieornsniinithtinoticigohlotnYehoone to exereise these rights.
This was such an enormity as would almost justify rebel.
lion. If a man wished to libel our Colonial Govern Meat,
what could he assert more monstrous than this fact Ton
)e-ms ago he applied to the Colonial Secretary of the day
On the subject, and h-id been told there were no pipers
he could move for; he had been kept in •the dart{ on the
subject, but now the .nett e- had been brought to light by
the debates in the Colonial Assembly of Nova Scotia.
a
This showed . the rraaner which Colonial affairs had
been mismanaged, and one g ound of his for supporting the
motion °Ellis lion. Friend was that they would thereby ob-
tialienaagrmeuerdetpermanentn'tihe •attligent s) stem of legisl ion
observations that had fallen
from the Under Secretary for the Colo ,ies to some leans to be raised upon the
the country, it onight lead to great
extent.
ihilieneodtnhy:reu.evgjechenteueief.sthoetty'l hoped that, if not in the present
Session, at some early period there would be some clear
declaration made In that House of its dettirreientioa to
place the proceeds of the land of the colonies to the pur-
poses of emigratien.
Mr. LUCAS thought if the. present question was
important as regarded Englan 1, it was far more a , :as
regarded Ireland. No person could look to the subject
without great anxiety. Although he was not premmed
to go altogether along with the resolution of the Hon.
Member for Sheffield, there were many parts of it -with
.which he entirely concurred. With regard to the first.
resolution that met with his entire approbation. lie
thought that a greet number of the arguments of the
Hon. Member were well deserving the attention of the
House. He agreed with him in that position, in which
he was at variance with the Right !lout Gentleman the
Under Secretary fur the colonies, that. the money, time
produce of pureleeied land, iboul:i he eipiied to emigre-
tios alone. He thought tine Land Fend ought not to
he left at the disposal of the local Gevernment.—
I Hear, hear.) Hu agreed with Islam that there
should be a fixed principle, and a certain system of
emigration, which should be well known not only in this
country, but in Ireland. In the Poor law Bill that passed
last year, there wis a provido a to enable Unions to tax
themselves to provide an emigration fund, and if it had been
generally known what that fund would have enabled then,
'to do, more emigration would no doubt have taken place
It appeared to him that in the state of transition which that
country was undergoing, there would be a constant stream
of emigration flowing out of the country, and it was there
fore full time fur the(government to take the subject intoits
consideratien. rod adopt some fixed principle upon which
they would be prepared to act. 'lime ,70,000 or 90,000
of his unfortunate countrytuen, who were working for th'
lowest wages, and taking the breed out of the mou hs
of the Eitglis'n labourers of Liverpool would be consider. ably augmented when the Poor. law came into °ecru len
in li-tient'. facilities were then atirmded for emigration,
it would be a moat salutary and judicious vent for thet•sta
abundant pepulation.• -By devoting t
the sale of these lands to the purposes of emigration, cx
pe-
actly in proportion as the land rose in the same propor-
tion would he the demand for labour. Ile would su,gges,
also the propriety of encouraging and p..omoting subserip.
tions from public bodies, private individuals, and- even
the emigrants themselves, which would enable theG"
vernment to transmit a much lirger number of emigrants
He trnsted if something was not done curing the presen-
Sossion, that at least steps would be taken to carry the
principle into effect early in the next Session of Par.
liament.
Lord HOWICK was glad to find that the proposition
or the than. Member had received the.support ^l.s" many
gentlem n on both sides of the House.. Nothing was
farther from his intention than to press a contrary opinion
upon the House, as to the general principle which had
been advanced by the lion. Alsetnber. Oa the contrary,
he fully agreed as to its soundneso and importance. It
did great honour and credit to the lion. Member who bad
brought it fer ward, because it was one which had never
before been touch- d open with reference to the colonies..
P. ;las also of general application, and he was .Convinced