The Sun.
London, England, 1863-09-30 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPITIVIBER 20, 1861

to induce them to grasp the rifle at their country's
call, but if he persuaded, his efforts were unsuccess-
ful, and the paternal purse was lightened to the ex-
tent of 600 dols., as the sole means of reconciling
the Government to the unpatriotic delinquency of
these scions of a warlike house. Mr. George Op-
dyke's son was equally loth to incur the hardships
of the battlefield, and without waiting to try the
issues of escape, or the plea of physical inability,
paid the State money onough to purchase either a
Prussian or an Irishman. Mr. Wendell Phillips
was in a similar predicament with regard to his
son, whom the hard fortune of the conscription had
refused to spare. In the case of so thorough-
going an advocate of the war, whose noble elo-
quence had so many a time and oft inspirited the
bold, encouraged the timid, fired the lukewarm, and
aroused the slumberer, it cannot be believed that
the golden oratory was silent at the domestic
hearth, and that he did not urge his son to respond
with enthusiasm to the call of duty in a cause that
he of all men must consider to be glorious. But the
remonstrance, if made, was in vain. Young Mr.
Phillips preferred to serve his country at home and
in civil life, and paid his money as readily as if he
had not been the son of the man who has done more
than any one living to harden against each other
the hearts of the Northern and the Southern people.
Upon this subject the opinion of so well known and
greatly respected an American as Mr. Thurlow
Weed are entitled to a hearing.
WendellHehasn nothing as
yet to say of Mr. Everett or Mr.
but is particularly severe on Messrs. Tilton and
Opdyke.
"It is to be regretted," he says in an article in
the Albany Evening Journal, signed with his initials,
" that leading boisterous Abolitionists, who are ao
free of their abuse of all who differ with them, fail
to justify their precepts by their examples. The
editor of the Independent, whose zeal for the draught
led him to rail at all who questioned its wisdom,
when draughted himself, ingloriously shirks from
taking his share of duty and danger ! Shame on such
a sneak ! Subject by law to military duty, and con-
stantly pressing others into the field, Mr, Tilton
must be craven in spirit, without patriotism, pride,
or manhood, to skulk a draught himself, while he is
merciless in regard to the mechanic and labourer
who is compelled to leave his wife and children.
" Still more mortifying, if possible, is the course
of Mayor Opdyke, whose draughted son, instead of
gallantly stepping forward, as an example to poor
men, skulks! The Mayor is filled with patriot-
ism at Conventions; he is gorged with Government
contracts; he leans heavily upon the Government to
make good his profits; but his son, when draughted,
is not strong enough to be a soldier; he is, however,
strong enough to hold offices ; but these effices do not
expose him to anything but salary and fees. Being
a soldier is quite a different thing. Out upon such
false pretences, such cheap loyalty, such bogus pat-
riotism !"

Humphrey, and Bohemia, 100 to 8 agst Juliet, 100 to 7
agst Cassidia, 20 to 1 each agst St. Alexis, Peahen, and I
any other.
Lady Abbess, blibttelsese,
ranned
d2seletyo
thel agarsignal
was lowered to an admir-
able start, the horses lying in a line widely extended across
the course. On settling into their places, Queen Elizabeth,
overpulling little Gray, went to the front, and made the
running, but was shortly after pulled back, and the com-
mand was taken up by Peahen, followed by Littlecote,
Queen Elizabeth being third, with St. Alexis, Cassidia,
Queen of Trumps, Juliet, Walloon, and Welland lying up,
the two latter wide on the right. The next division com-
prised Fiancee, Bohemia, Stockinger, Principal, and Hum-
phrey, in the centre of the course, On reaching the first
half of the Abingdon mile ending post, Peahen was beaten,
and Littlecote was joined by Queen Elizabeth, Juliet, Bo-
hemia, and St. Alexis, who ran in company to the cords,
where Mr. Robertson's filly deprived Littlecote of his lead,
and with Juliet and St. Alexis in close company came on
in company to half way down, where Loates brought out
the Saint, and landed the popular cherry jacket first by
three parts of a length ; a length separated the second and
third, Bohemia was fourth, close up with whom we's
Fiancee; Peahen finished sixth, and Stockinger next. The
others, who were widely spread, were pulling up as they
past the post; the last lot being Lady Abbess, Airedale,
Creole, and the Calliopecolt; the latter beaten off a long way.
The Buckenham Stakes of 300 sous each, h ft, for the pro-
duce of mares covered in 1860; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies,
Bst 41b. Eaeh subscriber to name three mares, and to
bring the produce of one to the post. T.Y.C. 3 subs.
Lord Portsmouth's Hengist (J. Goater) 1
Mr. J. Merry's Phemy filly .. (A.. Edwards) 2
Betting-6 to son the Phemy filly.
The pair ran together to the cords, where the non-favour-

ite got his head in front, end won after a slashing set-to
by a neck. The winner hung so much that Edwards stated
he was prevented from getting up.
The Croome Stakes of 100 sous each, 50 ft, for 2-yr-olds ;
colts, Bst 101 b, and fillies, Bst 71b. T.Y.C. 12 subs,

Lord Stamford's Cambuscan, Bst 101 b ....(A. Edwards) 1
Lord Uxbridge's Durham. (J. Goater) 2

Betting-7 to 4on Cambuscan, who waited upon Dur-
ham into the cords, where he went up and won in a canter
by two lengths.

The Grand Duke Michael Stakes of 50 soya each, for 3-yr-
old colts, Bst 101 b ; and fillies, Bst Gib ; winners extra ;
maiden horses allowed tlb ; the second horse to save his
stake. A.F. 17 subs.
Mr. It. Boyce's Fantail, Bet Gib
Mr. Merry's Escape, Bst 101 b
Mr. Wigram's Melrose, bat 51b (Aldcrott) 3
Betting-5 to 4on Fantail, 6to 4 agst Escape, and 7to
1 agst Melrose.
The favourite, on the extreme right, math!, play at his
best, and had both his opponents beaten onreaching the
bushes, and won in a canter by three lengths; a bad third.

Match, R.M., 200, h ft.
Mr. R. Ten Broeck's Lord of Linne, 4 yrs, Bst 31b
(G. Fordham) 1
The Marquis of Hastings's Tippler, 3 yrs, Bst 71b
(S. Rogers) 2

Betting--7 to 4on Tippler.
The non-favourite held a slight lead into the bottom,
where Tippler got up, and for a few strides ran upon equal
terms, but shortly after Fordham called upon his horse,
who won in the last stride by a head.
Third year of the :Fourteenth Triennial Produce Stakes
of 10 sovs each; 4-yr-old colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b.
The owner of the second horse to receive a sum equal to
10 per cent., and the third a sum equal to 5 per cent. on
the whole stake. D.I. 37 subs.
Mr. Savile's Harlequin, Bst 71b (Fordham) 1
Mr. T. Valentine's Hurricane, Bst 41b
Mr. Savile's Buckenhatu, Bst 71b
Mr. Savile declared to win with Harlequin.
Betting-7 to 4on Hurricane, and 3to 1 agst any
other.

Harlequin, with a lead of about a length, made play, fol-
lowed by the favourite and Buckenham to the side of the
old Duke's stand, where the three joined issue, and ran
nearly abreast to half way in the rails, where Harlequin
swerved through distress, which allowed Hurricane to get
her head in front, but Fordham. having steadied his horse,
carne again, and won a fine race by a neck, three lengths
separating the second and third.

LATEST BETTING.
CESAREWITCH.
15 to 1 agst Anfield (thken)
20 to 1 agst Myrtle (taken)
22 to 1 agst Blackdown (taken)
22 to 1 agst Drummer Boy (taken)
25 to 1 agst Fantail (taken)
30 to 1 agst Ace of Hearts (taken)
100 to 3 agst Hurricane (taken)
100 to 3 agst Sandford (taken)
50 to 1 agst Harlequin (taken)
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
40 to 1 agst Limosina (taken)
50 to 1 agst Geroma (taken)
50 to 1 agst Fantail (taken)
Very little betting.

The Wreck Register and Chart for 1862.

In accordance with our annual custom for many years
past, we again present our readers with a synopsis of the
returns just made by the Board of Trade to Parliament of
the wrecks and casualties which have taken place on the
coasts and in the seas of the British isles during the past
year. It may here be observed that the materials from
which these valuable documents are compiled are derived
from reports furnished by the officers of coast guard and
receivers of wreck resident on the shores of the -United King-
dom.* When we remember that the number of vessels which
entered inwards and cleared outwards from different British
ports in the course of the past year was 268,462, and that
these ships had on board probably 1,610,000 men, it becomes
almost a matter of certainty that a large number of casual-
ties should take place amongst them every year. The coasts
of the British isles extend upwards of 5,000 miles, and on
looking at the wreck chart which accompanies the register
it is observed that there are few parts of that continuous
shore which are not studded with the usual Wreck marks •
and thus it is that on nearly every page of the register this
startling fact constantly presents itself, that during the year
no less than 1,828 wrecks and casualties took place on our
coasts, with the loss of 690 lives.

Compared with previous years the register informs us that
the wreck experience of the past year is very unfavourable,
but the number of lives lost is fortunately considerably under
the average, owing chiefly to the valuable and prompt ser-
vices of lifeboats and other means employed on occasions of
wrecks on our coasts. The wrecks and casualties in the year
show a large increase on the average of those daring the
preceding 11 years. The number of wrecks in the last 11
years was 13,657, while the total voyages made to and from
British ports in thatperiod was 2,745,910, so that 1 ship was
wrecked out of every 201. During the past year, as previously
stated, the number of voyages of vessels to and from ports
in the United Kingdom was 266,462, and out of this large
number 1,827 casualties occurred, or one in: every 147.
In the past 11 years, from the above wrecks 8,775 persons
were lost, or nearly 800 each year. Last year, it appears
from the returns, that the lives of 4,729 persons were im-
perilled on the coasts of the British isles, of which number
690, or 14.59 per sent., were lost. The wrecks and disasters
for the year 1862, may be thus classed :—Totally wrecked,
455 vessels—seriously damaged, 695—totally lost in colli-
sion, 66—damaged seriously by collision, 272—injured by
collision, 339—total, 1,827 vessels. This number of disas-
ters for last year is at the rate of five per day. The number
in each month of the year is thus given :—January, 221
arch, 163—April, 87—May,77—
vessels—February, 117—M
June, 75—July, 94—August, 66—September. 75—October,
346—November, 179—December, 327—total, 1,827 ves-
sels. It will thus be seen that the months of January,
February, March, October, November, and December have
been Ethe most destructive to ships. The startling facts
which the wreck register discloses each successive year
have succeeded in drawing general public attention to this
important subject, and frequently it is referred to in Par-
liament. On a recent occasion, when Lord Ravensworth
alluded in the House of Lords to the necessity of con-
structing harbours of refuge on the north-east coast, he
caused to be suspended in their lordships' library a large
wreck chart lent by the National Lifeboat Institution. The
fearful scenes represented on that chart naturally excited
their lordships' attention. Indeed the dreadful havoc which
storms commit every year in the seas and on the shores
the British isles can only be fully realised by the aid of such
a chart. It is however, satisfactory to find that the publica-
tion of the annual register of the Board of Trade and other
means of publicity have materially contributed to the este-
blishrnenc on our coasts of a system of lifeboats and life-
preserving apparatus, which reflects the greatest credit on
the philanthropy of the age in which we live, and on the
energy with which these means have been placed on our
shores by the joint action of the National Lifeboat Institu-
tion and the Board of Trade. Amongst the desolating scenes
which the Wreck Register and Chart reveal, it is consola-
tory to know that by means of lifeboats, life-preserving ap-
paratus, ships' own boats, and other means, 20,158 lives
have been saved from a watery grave during the last seven
years, as the annexed list shaves :-1856, 2,243 lives saved ;
1857, 1,668-1858,1,555-4859, 2,332-1860, 3,697-1861,
4,624-1862,4,039—t0ta1, 20,158 lives saved.
The following is a summary of the means used in saving
the 4,039 lives from wrecks on the coasts of the United
Kingdom during the past year :—By lifeboats, 327 t
—by rocket and mortar apparatus, 310—by, ships own
boats, shore boats, stemma, &c., 3,389—by individual
exertion, 13—total, 4,039. As usual, ships, ships' boats,
smacks have saved more lives in that period than the
lifeboats and the rocket and mortar apparatus. This appa-
rent discrepancy is susceptible of easy explanation. When
a disaster takes place in British waters, it frequently hap-
pens that either a ship or smack is fortunately at hand to
render assistance to the crews of the distressed vessels,such

* It is only due to the memory of the late Admiral Wash-
ington, F.R.S., Ilydrographer to the Admiralty, to state
that he originated about ten years ago the compilation and
publication of an annual wreck register of the British isles,
accompanied by a wreck chart. His services to the lifeboat
cause, in conjunction with the Duke of Northumberland,
president of the National Lifeboat Institution, were also of
the greatest advantage to the cause of humanity. His
labours in that respect will long be remembered in the
homes of our sailors and fishermen.

t This numberCloe;;;oiiicia;slipwreckod crews, who
with their vessels were safely brought into port by lifeboats.

help is seldom attended with any very great danger(although
sometimes it is so),and the men are often brought ashore
before any tidings at all have reached a lifeboat station.
But the great value of the services rendered by lifeboats caa
only be appreciated by considering that they are mostly per-
formed on occasions when no other craft could be launched
from the shore with safety. Schooners and brigs, as usual,
were the most numerous description of vessels that were
lost during the past year on our shores. These are usually
employed in our coasting and coal trade, and the destruc.
tion of hundreds of them even in moderate gales is now re-
duced to a matter of certainty, In December last 7 vessels
foundered off the east coast of England, with the loss of all
hands, while engaged in coasting voyages. One of them
was a collier sloop, 71 years of ago ; another collier brig also
foundered in October last, and 7 out of 9 of her crow were

drowned. She was 99 years old.
The following is an analysis of the tonnage of the ships
lost last year : —Vessels under 50 tons, 341—ditto 51 and
under 100, 441—ditto 101 and under 300, 781—ditto 301 and
under 600, 186—ditto 601 and under 900, 44—ditto 901 and
under 1,200, 20—ditto 1,201 and upwards, 11. Total, 1,827
vessels. The cargoes of these vessels are thus made up :
Coals, 593—ballast, not colliers, 165—colliers in ballast, 128
—metallic ores, 113—grain, oatmeal, flour, and provisions,
109—stone, slate, &0., 100—general cargo, 93—timber or
bark, 89—fishing smacks, 84; various, or unknown, 353.
Total, 1,827 cargoes. The most destructive gales of wind
are those that blow from S.W., S.S.W, W.S.W., and N.W.
We find that the ages of some of the vessels that were
hurried out of existence were as follows :—Under 3 years,

122-3 and not exceeding 7 years, 271-8 and not exceeding
10 years, 131-11 and not exceeding 14 years, 155-15 and
not exceeding 20 years, 216-21 and not exceeding 30 years,
266-31 and not exceeding 40 years, 125-41 and not ex-
ceeding 50 years, 59-51 and not exceeding 60 years, 25-
61 and not exceeding 90 years, 14-91 and not exceeding
100 years, I—unknown, 442—total, 1,827. We also re-
mark that in perfectly calm weather 23 vessels were
wrecked—in light airs, 28—in light breezes, 56—in gentle
breezes 43—in moderate breezes 110—in fresh breezes 187—
in strong breezes, 195—in moderate gales, 75--in fresh gales,
170—in strong gales, 199—in whole gales, 218—in storms,
63—in hurricanes, 69 —and in unknown and variable
weather, 53. We moreover observe that 321 vessels were
wrecked that were under the command of masters holding
' '

certificates of competency, while 720 were wrecked that
were commanded by others who were not required by law to
hold such certificates, and 266 that were commanded by

foreigners not having British certificates. We observe that
of the total wrecks during the past year on our shores, irre-
spective of collisions, 60 vessels foundered, 41 were driven
or run on a lee shore, 66 parted their cables or dragged their
anchors and went on shore, 40 wore wrecked from damage
to hull, or the loss of masts, yarts, or sails, 3 were actually
capsized, 72 were wrecked from inattention, carelessness,
or neglect, 25 from defects in ships or equipments, 7 from a
combination of causes, while 18 arose from accident.
Of the total wrecks that took place from collisions 18 were
from bad look out, 22 because the rule of road at sea was not
observed, 1 from want of sea room, 4 in thick and foggy
weather, and 4 from neglecting to show lights ; but it is
worth observing that only 1 collision with total loss occurred
from the error of the pilot who was on board. 4 occurred
from negligence and want of caution. It is also a lamentable
fact that 141 collisions took place in fine and clear weather,
the whole number during the year being 333, 102 in the
day time and 236 in the night. Last year 11 collisions
occurred between steamers, and 190 between sailing vessels,
while both were under way ; 32 collisions also took place
between sailing Nessols, one being at anchor and the other
under way at the time, but no collisions occurred between
steamers under these circumstances. 46 collisions likewise
took place between steamers and sailing vessels, both being
under way ; and six only when sailing vessels at anchor were
run into by steamers. 53 collisions also occurred by vessels
breaking from their anchors or moorings. We earnestly
trust, that the admirable regulations which the Board of
Trade have just published to prevent collisions at sea will
materially tend to lesson the number of these fearful disas-
ters, The sandbanks which have proved most disastrous to
vessels during 1862 aro the Long Sand, 17 vessels wrecked,
Newsome Sand 11, Kentish Knock Sand 10, Gunfleet Sand
10, Scroby Sand 8, llasboro' Sand 8, Goodwin Sand 6, Bar-
row Sand 6, Blakenoy Sand 6, Cristo°. Sand 6, Shipwell
Sand 5, Sizewell Bank 5. The most disastrous wrecks,
with the greatest loss of life, occur between that part of the
coast extending from Skerries and 'Amboy to Fair Head
and Mull of Kintyre. During the past 13 years 1,641 lives
were lost in that district. The next is from the North Fore-
land to St. Katherine's Point, which during the same period
claims 1,136 lives.
The estimated loss of property involved in the destruction
of a portion only of the vessels wrecked in the last six years
amounted to four-andsa-half millions of pounds sterling,
although the total amount, being unreported, cannot be
ascertained ; but who can appreciate the value of the pre.
cious lives lost in these terrible disasters, except those at
our seaport and fishing villages, who are now widows, and
orphans or friendless, who have bewailed with unutterable
anguish the loss of a husband, father, or near relation ?
On the other Ward, it is most gratifying to find that in these
six years 4,169 lives were rescued from the Jaws of death by
lifeboats and the life-saving apparatus alone. It may be
proper to observe that these means of saving life are rarely
used except under the most perilous circumstances.
One can hardly conceive a more pitiable sight than a
noble ship stranded on a sandbank during a gale of wind,
with her crew in the rigging, or firing minute-guns as
signals of distress, so that they may obtain help from the
shore. On observing these signals the crew of the lifeboat
immediately put off. Indeed we know of no spectacle more
sublime, or more calculated to send the blood thrilling
through the veins with admiration and awe, than the cool,
determined courage and the lively charity that sends these
poor and often half-starved fisher-fellows out in the dark
night, in the midst of bitter frost and snow, into a tumul-
tuous sea and surf, hungry for their bodies, in the very
teeth of a furious wind, with death threatening them on all
sides, and nothing but their coolness and skill to rely upon
to preserve their own lives, to say nothing of the lives of
others—leaving wives and families of little ones at home
who may never see them in life again. -What stout hearts
those must be as, yard by yard, they struggle away from
the dim shore, lost iu an obscurity of scud and surf, and
snow, thinning of nothing but their duty—the errand of
mercy and charity before them—through the raging tem-
pest—winning their way through seas that to the landsmen
are fearful to gaze on, even from the safe standing on the
beach, momentarily threaten to overwhelm them I Out
further and further yet into the dark void a speck on the
waters, Another flash of the minute-gun points out
where the vessel is lying aground upon a shoal, the sea
making a clean breach over her, and the scud and spray
flying shear over her mastheads, which threaten to go
every moment. Stand to it, stout hearts I a few
more minutes of the heavy toil and the boat will
be well into leeward of the wreck, when the most dan-
gerous part of the whole operations will commence —for
there is danger of her being stove in momentarily, either by
contact with tho wreck itself or with the floating spars
which may be hanging loosely round her. The relief of a
wreck is no mere child's play--it often occupies hours of
hard, dangerous, and unremitting toil. It is no mere sudden
flash of generosity that is required—no enthusiasm burnt
out as soon as kindled; but that steady, undaunted pluck
which distinguishes frequently the highest as well as the
lowest class of Englishmen in times •of danger. How im-
portant then is the work of the National Lifeboat Institution
in providing these messengers of mercy on our coasts, and
in encouraging noble deeds of daring in tho rescue of our
fellow. creatures from an awful death I
It may be interesting hero to recapitulate briefly the ope-
rations of the National Lifeboat Institution, which has now
125 lifeboats under its management. During the past year,
in addition to saving 21 vessels from destruction, 358 lives
were rescued by the lifeboats of the society. For these sm..
vices rewards amounting to £915 18s ld were voted. The
number of lives saved by the lifeboats of the society, or by
special exertions, for which it has granted rewards since its
formation, is 13,220, For these services 82 gold medals,
733 silver medals, and £17,200 in cash have been granted as
rewards. The institution has also OPended £75,380 on
ro of the
lifeboats, lifeboat transporting carriages and boat houses.
not have to
i
Surely a society which has thus been Productive
greatest services in the cause of humanity will
appeal in vain to the public for help to enable t to continue
its merciful work on our dangerous seaboard I
of