The Sun.
London, England, 1830-08-02 00:00:00

The former, however, retook it after a sanguinary conflict.
A person We moment arrived here speaks positively of a
Provision' Government having been established ; Casi-'
noir Peeler and Lafayette are named. The Hospital des
Invalidea is taken by the people, and the barriers are in
their possession. The National Guard, in knots of 60 or
60, parade through the city. Engagements continually
take place between it and the Royal Guard. The former
occupies the Bank ; the Swiss are intrenched in the
Tui!leries ; the Royal Guards are ranged on the Boule-
vards. Two regiments of the Line are said to have re-
fused to fire on the people. It is not known in Paris
where the King or his Ministers are.
" The passage boat brought few passengers, as it was
understood, that however anxious the English were to get
away from Paris and the departments, they could obtain no
passports, and could not travel without."
The accounts gleaned from the passengers from
Havre must be received with considerable allowance.
According to them Marmont has been killed and
the Duke d'Angouleme assassinated. Of course all
sorts of rumours must be in circulation, and these,
probably, are mere rumours. The most valuable
part of the above information is the account of the
Naval Arsenal, at Havre, having been broken into
by the people, who seized the arms and ammunition,
and the extract from the Journal du Havre, con-
taining a detailed statement of what had taken place
at Rouen. It would appear that the inhabitants of
that populous and influential city are well armed,
and that they have offered succour to the Parisian
National Guard. The organization in Rouen seems
to be perfect. Hitherto success seems to smile on
the defenders of the laws. The French have con-
ducted themselves on this occasion in a most heroic
manner. Indeed no nation in Europe seems to
possess in an equal degree with the French the
readiness to perceive what the moment demands,
and the spirit to give effect to their purposes. They
appear in emergencies to be inspired by one soul, as
it were. This promptitude in resolution and action
disposes them more, perhaps, for coup: de: main,
than for the patient endurance of the English and
Russians under discipline. Hence it has been ob-
served, that the Frenchman is too apt to anticipate
his orders. The French are therefore inferior to the
English as regular soldiers. But in a crisis like
the present, promptitude is everything. Nations
possessed rather of passive than active cou-
rage, from the unwillingness of individuals to
take on themselves the responsibility of any-
thing hazardous, are often trampled on by handfuls
of men. No man acts, because what is every one's
business is no one's business. The movement of
the French, however, seems as if electrical. Had
they been less prompt in their measures, and allowed
the old tiger, as they call Charles the Tenth, to
proceed a little further, who knows if the oppor-
tunity for resisting with effect might not have
passed. But now the nation seems completely
armed. The organization of the National Guard
alone is of immense consequence. The unanimity
of the French, and their promptitude, will in all
probability decide the conduct of the neighbouring
Governments, if they were before wavering, with
respect to making common cause with Charles. A
nation in arms is not to be rashly interfered with.
There is, naturally enough, a strong suspicion of the
great Monarchical Governments, not only on account
of the part acted by theta during the Peninsular
and Italian Revolutions, but from the difficulty in
believing that the. King would hazard so very revolu-
tionary a measure as trampling on the Constitution
and annulling the elective franchise without a
promise of support. We by no means give credit to
the tithe of what is confidently repeated on this sub-
ject, though we fear it is but too true that there is
something like an insurance of each other among the
Kings of Europe, and few acts of Governments of
any moment are to be considered as isolated. How-
ever, the character of Charles the Tenth would lead
him to act upon very slight expectations of support.
Those who knew him while he lived among us in
this country, pronounce him a resolute determined
man, who, having once made up his mind to a
course, will not easily be driven from it. His intel-
lectual powers are by no means of a high order ; as
may be inferred from his being a tool in the bands
of the Priesthood (arid in France a mere politician
would not affect piety, for it is there a passport to
contempt); but he is brave, even to recklessness;
and as far as depends on him, we may count on no
reluctance to pour out blood like water. This cha-
racter of the Monarch is correctly estimated in an
able article in the Examiner of yesterday, evidently
the production of one well acquainted with the state
of France:—

" The obstinacy and bigotry (says our contemporary)
of the Monarch himself are well known, and will assuredly
be restrained only by the absolute want of supporters. In
his eyes, the exertion of force to put down the Chamber
must appear a measure of dignity, of self•defence, and even
of religious obligation. The latter sentiment, especially,
subjugates him with a force greater than that which the
Jesuit Letellier exercised over the last years of Louis XIV.,
and better suited to Madrid than to Paris. Even in the
worst years of him distress and exile, he is known to have
declared that he never would accept the sceptre on any
other terms than those on which it had been held by his
ancestors ; and this persuasion of his own right, so ancient
and so indelible, is still farther nourished by the fictitious
respect and adulation which the Opposition Press inces-
santly lavish upon his person, even when they are denounc-
ing most unsparingly his Ministry and his measures--a
miserable hypocrisy, forced upon the Press by the cruelty
of the Judges wherever the Royal person is ever so slightly
breathed upon, and working banefully in many ways. It
has broken all the sincerity and straightforwardness of
the patriotic reasonings :—it has degraded them in the
eyes of the general public, by enabling the Gazette and the
Quotidienne to substantiate against them charges of gross
inconsistency ; and it was sure to be so interpreted by the
advisers of the Monarch, as to keep his mind in perpetual
illusion as to his own credit, and to make him persist to
the uttermost in his projects of violence."
Our contemporary adds, that "as to the Revolu-
tionary violence on the part of the Monarch, it can
only end in his own ruin." We trust that the day
of his destruction is near at band. We cordially
subscribe to the doctrine so eloquently expressed by
Mr. Brougham at Sheffield, that the Minister who

could giv; such council as be has acted on, " de-
serves that his head should be severed from his body
and rolled in the dust." " But what should be
done to the frantic tyrant himself, who (in the lan-
guage of Mr. Brougham) briit upon mischief, and
guided by an ignorant and besotted priesthood, led
on by the most despicable advisers, forgetful or the
'obligation he owes to his people, forgetful of the
duty he owes to that Providence which restored him
to his throne, has, in the face of that Providence, and
in defiance of that people, declared that he will

tremple on the liberties at his country, and rule
thirty millions of people by the sword ?" The
Priests are the Counsellors, the Ministers are but

the tools. 13F►se tools they ire, no doubt, end ian-

guinary us their employer; but they are not the only
guilty. Well is it observed by the Examiner, that
" the morals of Algiers became him as much as its

conquest.

lie tuki; whut he wants—a knave who

acts thus lawlessly on the impulse of his desires, is
called a thief; a King absolute. When man rubs man
o►f his property, society perceives no cruelty in the
gibbet ; when man robs men, robs millions—of the

securities for their ftroperty,why does humanity shrink
from retribution ? The fate of Charles has been wept,
and another of the name, another martyr, in the
.Sense of tyranny, may yet appeal to the compassion
of mankind, and prove how narrow are the regards
of pity, how alive to the sympathy of the individual,
and blunt to the consideration of the wrongs of
millions that may have provoked them." However
justice, we doubt not, will overtake all the guilty.
The fiction that Kings can do no wrong may answer
well enough where the law is in force ; but to
punish only instruments in countries in which a
King has trampled on all law, would only be to
tempt Kings to crime by impunity. Had the
Spanish Liberals brought Ferdinand to the block
for his (limos, the lives of many gallant men would
have been saved, and many more would have been
freed from the necessity of passing their lives in
dreary exile. Fortunately for the good cause in
yranee the resistance has been first organized in ther
.Nteoltie
and Populous, anti intellectual provinces of the
the ptoyitictil
il:ample will decide the wavering in
less forward state. The strength

of France has always been. in the North and East.
The disappearance of 400 Spaniards, too, at this
time, is an accident not to be overlooked. The
people of the Peninsula have not forgotten the
events which deprived them of their well-founded
expectations. We have no doubt that the Spanish
patriots have long had their eyes on France, and if
that country deprived them of their liberties, its
example may now aid them in regaining them..--
Morning Chronicle.
At a late hour last night we received, by our ex-
traordinary express from Paris, the Moniteur bear-
ing the date of the 29th and 30th July, the Temps,
Journal der Debats, and France Nouvelle of the
29th, with the Messager des Chambres (evening
edition) of the 30th. Their contents are of the
very highest importance, and supersede the neces-
sity, or, more correctly speaking, relieve us from
the irksome task,, of republishing the various ver-
sions on the affairs of that capital that have ap-
peared since our last—some of them evidently fa-
bricated for stock-jobbing purposes, others loosely
collected, and all of them bearing the stamp of
exaggeration. It will be seen, in the first place,
that a Provisional Government has been organized,
consisting of eight members, all of them holding a
very high, if not the very highest place, in the esti-
mation of their countrymen, for civil or military
virtues—some of them for both, as General Ge-
rard and Count Labau (General Druet). The
Afoniteur, in conformity to the rule it has followed
for the last forty years—that of belonging to the
stronger party—is become the organ of the Pro-
visional Government ; and we particularly notice
this fact, because it speaks volumes to those who
are acquainted with the march of French affairs.
Before the decisive step of appointing a Provisional
Government took place, various incidents of the
deepest, most agitating, and, we may add, unpa-
ralleled interest, had taken place. The population
of the capital had risen to a man, animated by a
heroic zeal which, if ever equalled, was never sur-
passed. On Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday,
it was a scene of carnage, sometimes the armed
people prevailing, sometimes the King's troops;
but on the last of these days the former were mas-
ters of the city, having been previously joined by
several regiments of the line, and having compelled
the Swiss Guard that defended the Tuileries and
Louvre to surrender. In the mean time the Depu-
ties who had arrived in Paris assembled, and issued
a declaration, with all their names affixed to this
solemn document. Also a deputation, with M.
Lafitte, brother-iri.law of Aliment at their head,
had a conference with the Marshal, who is Gene-
ralissimo of the King's troops, near one of the
barriers; and the details of this conference, which
will be found amongst our extracts, show the
great moderation by which the leaders of the pos
pular party were still animated. They proposed
only the repeal of the obnoxious Ordinances, toge-
ther with the dismissal of the obnoxious Ministers;
and will it be believed that they were not only re-
jected, but contumeliously rejected ? When Mar-
mont, who consented to become the bearer of these
proposals, returned with the answer of the King,
M. Lefitte exclaimed " Then the civil war is
begun !" From this moment all idea of compro-
mise seems to have been abandoned by the popular
party : the tri-coloured flag was hoisted on the
Tuileries; the ensigns of the King were every
where pulled down or defaced; whilst a new im-
pulse was given to the popular enthusiasm. It is
stated by the Messager des Cbanibres that the
Crown has been offered to the Duke of Orleans;
and, if another on dit of the same Paper be correct,
it is more than probable that the offer has not been
refused, as,
according to the last on (lit, the
Duke of Chartres, his son, and one of the most
popular young men in France, has gone over with
his regiment to the Constitutional party. In the
mean time, a letter, which accompanies the Ex-
press, says that the fighting was renewed on Friday
with more obstinacy and carnage than had distin-
guished any former engagement of which that
heroic city had been the theatre since the commence-
ment of these troubles; that the King's troops were
at last repulsed at all points; and it significantly
adds that, if 100,000 men were to renew the attack,
they would be repulsed, such was the invincible
courage of the inhabitants. We shall add only one
remark to what we have stated, that, from the ob-
stinate rejection of all terms of accommodation by
the King, we can only come to the conclusion, that
his reason has totally deserted him, or that he is
acting under foreign influence; and we cannot con-
clude without expressing a hope that our own Ca-
binet (if such influence prevail) is not mixed up
with it, either directly or indirectly; for we should
say, wo to the English Minister whose name should
be found connected with so black en intrigue I—an
intrigue as dangerous to England in its remote, as
to France in its immediate, results.-11forn. Herald.
The latest accounts state that the Provisional
Government was still sitting, and it was supposed
some negotiations were on the tapir. In the mean
time it was reported that the King had offered to
abdicate the throne in favour of his grandson, the
Duke de Bourdeaux. As soon as Marshal Mars
merit (the Duke of Ragusa) found himself com-
pelled to retreat with the regular troops beyond the
barriers, he ordered hostilities to cease, it being his
intention to starve the city into a surrender. The
Tuilleries were destroyed by the National Guards.
The Ministers had effected their escape by a sub-
terraneous passage. The trees of the Boulevards,
as has been already stated, were all torn up by the
people, and laid across the streets, which are filled
with masses of the slain ;—the city, in short, is hal
destroyed.—Morning Post.

DAVID, KING or ISRAEL.--DAVID was
the model of an Oriental Prince, handsome in his person,
valiant, mild, just, and generous, humble before his Goo,
anti zealous in his honour, a lover of music and poetry,
himself a poet. Successful in war, he reduced beneath his
sceptre all the countries from the borders of Egypt to the
mountains whence the Euphrates springs. The King of
Tray was his ally; he had ports on the Red Sea, and the
wealth of conunerce flowed during his reign into Israel..._.
Ile fortified and adorned Jerusalem, which he made the
seat of government. Glorious prospects of extended
empire, and of the diffusion of the pure religion of Israel,
and of happy times, floated before the mind of the Prophet-
ic/No.-1)r. Lardner'• Cabinet Cyclopedia, Vol. IX, ;
being Outlines of History.

REVIVAL or CxVILIZATION.—GraduaIIy
the night was seen to pass away ; Monarchs began to
extend their power, and to perceive that it was their true
interest to protect the people against the tyranny of the
Noble., and to bring these last under obedience ; the
church used her extensive power for the same purpose;
the people gradually acquired wealth ; their towns were
secured by charter, and immunities granted by the crown
or a feudal Lord, and where the crown was feeble, volun-
tary associations secured them from the rapacity of the
Nobles. The latter acquired a reliah for luxury ; to obtain
money they alienated or let their lands and soon felt that
they had transformed their obedient retainers into sturdy
independent yeomen and citizens. The lamp of learning
was relumed ; the study of the scholastic theology and phi-
losophy, and of the Roman law, sharpened men's intellects ;
travels into the East enlarged their knowledge of the earth ;
the use of the mariner's compass emboldened their naviga-
tion ; gunpowder changed the face of war ; paper, and at
length the art of printing, gave a more rapid diffusion to
knowledge; the taking of Conetantinuple scattered the
learning of the Creeks over the West; echoed* end univer-
sities were numerous; men were become eager for know-
ledge; classical learning was in Italy cultivated with
ardour, and a strong feeling of admiration for the institu.
tiona and philosophy of antiquity excited ; thediscourses
and writings of Wtocurrit, Huss, and their disciples,
awakened beyond the Alps attention to the important
topics of religion ; the discovery of India and the new
world filled men's minds with vague aspirations after ad-
venture, conquest, wealth, and knowledge. A universal
fermentation was going on. Such was the state of the
European mind at the commencement of modern history.
and ready to turn
The political condition of Europe was chiefly that of ex-
tensivetetheir
e nhtliroon afir)cr ts?s,
againstinternally
e a ri a
ontil
cabinet Cyclopitdia, Vol. IX, ; bo. t lirdner's
na Outlines ql history.