The Sun.
London, England, 1863-11-12 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TH URSDA Y EVE N NO V E AUBE El 12, 1863.

LONDON, THURSDAY, NOV. 12, 1863.

Every mechanical invention that in any way
affects our naval and mercantile interests is deserv-
ing of prompt and careful attention. We are glad
to find that the new improved rudder called Lum-
ley's Rudder" is being adopted with very general
success. The improvement effected by this rudder is
simple and eminently practical, and the benefit
conferred by it is at the rate of not less than
51 per cent. This i 3 accomplished by making
t 1()
e rudder in two pieces (the tail and the
13'34)—pieees which are joined together in the
game manner in which the rudder is attached to the
In addition to this, there are two chains
fitted on thee outer edges of the "tail" on opposite
aiot?iu chains cross each other through diago-
tached to
the the
body of the rudder, and are then at-
in the usual Watern post. In working the rudder
the " body, jaatyil the " tail" part makes angles to
makes angles to teliBearne way in which the body"
formed and gveate Ship ; thus a recessed surface is
steering power obtained—an
angle of 10 degrees with the new rudder being
equal to 20 degrees
.wivtil
an
alteration
old. The beneficial
result of such
is obvious. The
time saved in
getting the
the
to 20 degrees is an immensetiller from 10
ort advantage when
collisions are imminent
are ahead.
The hand of the steersman is investedkB
th
with double
power, the rudder has double pu
ase, and the
vessel is rendered more manageable
and easy
i, the
t
to
guide. The different action of the two rulcier3
old and the new, is somewhat analogous
double reins, the curb and snaffle of the equestrian,
The Tho benefit of the alteration must bo obvious elven
t,) the inexperienced. The next thing
is to inquire
how the plan works when reduced to practize--
the most wonderfully satisfactory theories proving
sometimes quite illusory when a practical test is
applied to them. In this instance the result appears
to be very satisfactory. Daring the ten or eleven
months that have elapsed since the invention was
first patented, it has been applied to ten vessels of
various kinds. Among them are three in the Royal
Navy, namely, the Bulfinch gunboat, the Colum-
bine steamsloop, and the Locust. Of these the
Columbine, a steamsloop of 609 tons and 150-horse
Power, has recently returned from a cruise of several
months on the coast of Scotland, where she has been
Protectingitta the fisheries. On the vessel being examined
is said that the rudder (a Lumley Rudder)
faundto be exactly in the same condition as when
it was fitted out several months previously. When
we take into ace
Columbine encou
ount the severe weather which the
tered during this cruise, so severe
that during one
gale
cutwater, the result she lost a part of her bow and
as regards the new rudder is
highly satisfactory.
This rudder is to be affixed to
the acrew ships now in emirs
of construction at Port-
Glusgow, vessels which ared
o wners say they will be enabled to bauf:ol dr theseChn as
c. The
re'w
p s 100 tons larger in consequence of the greater
facility of navigation afforded by the new rudder.
The vessels are intended for the
'Tien-sin River,
which, being very narrow and intricate, Only admits
vessels of moderate dimensions; but so great is the
improvement effected in the steering power by the
Lumley Rudder that the main difficulties of the
navigation are overcome. Facts such as these are
better than a hundred arguments, and we cannot
doubt thut when a further experience has caused

them to be more generally known, the adoption of
the " improved rudder" will become general. The
attention of the Government should be particularly
directed to such improvements ; and, after the
satisfactory experience of the Columbine, the new
rudder, here noticed, ought, certainly, to be affixed
to every vessel in course of construction,

Mr. VILLIERS has been trying to set forward the
claims of her 11,1AJESTY'S Ministers to publics ap-
all
proval with the best possible grace. Perhap
may not concur in the validity
and may even go so far as to assert thath:ha arguments,s
spoken with the prejudices
in the Ministry, and not with the deliberate sur-
veyofhis
and prejudging of one
m
and unbiassed opinions of one who regards thero afar. It might have
transactions of the day from
been very satisfactory for Mr. VILLIERS to draw
inferences from the favourable reception accorded
to the names of the Ministers, as to its representa-
tion of the sentiments of the country, but it is to be
questioned if such really were the case, and if the
general verdict of the nation would coincide with
the flattering testimony of the Wolverhampton c
stituents. In the first place, the right hon. gentle-
man was highly elated because the opponents of the
Government were not desirous of displacing them.
This idea may be carried too far, and some day the
country may evidence a wish to displace a Govern-
ment that contains even men of such " extraordi-
nary talent" as Mr. GLADSTONE, and also " men of
such large experience as Lords RUSSELL and Pan-
3IERSTON." Too late they may find out that they
are mistaken, and the courtesy of their political
opponents, while it does them honour, cannot re-
dound to their credit in a particular manner, and is
a convenient mode of settling awkward affairs. In
his remarks on America, AIr.VILLIERs displayed the
weakness of his cause, and showed how the interior
affairs of the Cabinet are being arranged. It is
something rather peculiar to listen to such argu-
ments as these, even when it is considered that
they may be uttered by a man who is in a position
that requires some ingenious explanations. When
we are told that the pledge of neutrality to each
conflicting party in America " has been strict'y and
honourably observed," we are tempted to inquire if
the canveyor of such information has studied the
public events of the day. How does this compre-
hensive statement coincide with the question now
in dispute in the courts of law—how does it accord
with the redoubtable affair of the rams in the
Mersey. It is really astonishing to find a gentle-
man in Mr. VILLIERS' position put forward so un-
tenable an argument in support of the Ministry,
when all the facts of the case are patent to the
world, and are in diametrical opposition to his
views of the matter. When it is notorious that one
of the chief members of the Cabinet has announced
his intention of altering the laws of the land in
order to forward the interests and carry out the
intentions of one of the belligerent parties, of what
avail is it to declaim and declare that nothing is
to be done, or is doing, to suit the wishes of either
side. It is really quite absurd, and, like all very
extreme measures, can but militate against the
cause that it professes to serve. The general topic
of conversation, and the chief subject of discussion
in the newspapers, has been the extraordinary
favouritism shown by Ministers to the Federals ;
and now we have a member of the Cabinet coming
forward to say to his constituents that a strict and
honourable neutrality has been maintained. After
this we may expect anything remarkable or incom-
prehensible in the way of confidential disclosures,
that are only uttered to be widely circulated and
extensively spread about. The allusions to ;the
"spirit and success" with which the honour of the
British flag has been vindicated seem very purpose-
less, when we call to mind the insults received and
the injuries inflicted on our vessels, and the
almost total stoppage to our commerce in
some localities. When unlimited power is
given to a bullying Government like that of
Washington to issue secret orders, and to make
public decrees by which they may waylay and cap-
ture the vessels of a nation that was once the mis-
tress of the deep ; when the flag that " braved a
thousand years the battle and the breeze" is to be
no protection from ignominious capture and over-
weening insolence of inspection, it is a waste of
time and a loss of words to attempt to exonerate,
still less to extol, the conduct of affairs which have
brought things to such a pass. When we reflect
on what is now and what has been, the natural
exclamation must be, tempora nautantur et nos
mutanuna in illis ; and, therefore, these grandilo-
quent asseverations regarding the vast benefits and
blessings that accrue from the present system seem
at the best to be rather out of place. It is all very
well to say that the Americans are to settle their
affairs as they please, and no one has a right to
interfere ; but that immunity cannot apply to their
persistence in meddling with our affairs, and it can-
not indemnify our Government for coming forward
in so marked a manner to render their assistance,
and to propitiate them at all hazards, even when
the issue turned upon the forfeiture of political
support and of offence given to important interests
in the community. If the only claim to success,
and the highest tribute to the merit of this Govern-
ment when it departs, is, according to this dis-
course, their advocacy of the non-intervention prin-
ciple, then they stand but a very sorry chance, and
are likely to come off very badly indeed. Mr.
VILLIERS has made an agreeable and interesting
speech, which doubtless delighted his hearers and
will be highly applauded by his colleagues, but
as regards the soundness of the arguments of the
address it is otherwise, and more difficult to discourse
of it. Great allowances are always to be made for these
speeches, and of course no one dreams of attaching
the same import to them as they would to the same
things said in another place, but still these state-
ments are more or less the exponents of the policy
and the
epitome of the plans of action desired by
those in. authority. It is then certain that our
thenister, ate
tame
anti leaning on a reed if they hope that
Spiritless course now adopted in
American affairs will be their road to honour, or
ours to anything a
will do but earls:reaching satisfaction. Nothing
a and energetic conduct in such
complicated and
precarious series of events, and
those statesmen who adopt a timid and shuttling
policy will never Succeed in
their viowsmaking converts to
, the bold and decided
spirits who love
:their country much, but
honour more, and despise
;and condemn all treatment of the great questions of
nation with the petty and
sectarian •
views of a
s of politicians.
rejudiced clas

The condition of the cotton trade is. without
doubt, a serious consideration to the plantation
owners of the Southern States. Their chief
cus.
tomer, suddenly deprived of the accustomed supply,
is forced to look elsewhere for the raw material,
and the Confederate cotton cultivators may justly
feel uneasy at the prospect of flourishing cotton
markets opening up in other qu leers. They have
so long been accustomed to contribute nearly the
whole amount required by our mills that they find
i it difficult to realise the possibility, now confidently
talked about, of a sufficient quantity of raw mate-
llial being derived from other places. Neither can
it be
supposed that they will look very kindly on
any of the efforts now making to extend the growth
asJad culture of the cotton plant, tu.d we must be

prepared for discouragement and gloomy anticipa-
tions if we mean to accept the dictum of a
Southerner on this important topic. It is with
some reflections of this kind that we read the
opinions of a Southerner lately published in a
substantial volume.* Unwilling or unable to
believe the actual state of the case, this gentleman
takes refuge in pooh-poohing every attempt to im-
port the treasured staple from other countries, and
quietly tells us that—" To the minds of many per-
sons it is quite clear that the people of England
must consent to abandon the cotton trade, or again
tuen their eyes westward for supplies." He talks
of the " trifling amount" to be imported during the
next twelve months, totally ignoring the calcula-
tions that have told us that four and a-half days
regular work at the mills may be looked for all
through next year. He disposes of the supplies
from India, Queensland, Jamaica, Egypt, and
Turkey with indifferent contempt, and cheerfully
enough anticipates a further increase of the already
exorbitant price of cotton goods. The idea, he
says, now entertained in many quarters, that the
world is not so dependent on the Confederate States
for its supply as was supposed, is entirely fallacious,
but he is probably loath to believe such unwelcome
tidings. There can be no denial that the great
body of the cotton consumers were, at the breaking
out of the war, almost exclusively dependent on
Confederate cotton—a fact on which North and
South alike reckoned for our speedy interference
and succour. The experience so dearly bought,
however, can hardly prove altogether fruitless ; and
we may reasonably hope that even in the event of
a restoration of the status quo we should never again
consent to place ourselves at the mercy of a foreign
power. Mr. M'HENRY'S remarks on the position
of the British market at the commencement of hos-
tilities are more accurate. The crops of the few
years immediately preceding had exceeded the cur-
rent demand, leaving on hand a surplus of about
three million bales at the outbreak of the war.
Most of this quantity, according to Mr. M'HENRY,
had been converted into manufactured goods, owing
to the spinning force of Europe and America having
increased in a few years 30 per cent., which gave a
fictitious, not an actual consumption to the extra
production. It was the fact of these large supplies
being on hand which has kept up the sale of cotton
eituffs, and has thus in some degree put out the cal-
culations of many politicians not versed in the pecu-
liarities of the trade. Mr. M'HENRY, though, is
by no means the first to tell us that the American
catastrophe saved Lancashire from another kind of
panic, and rescued the manufacturers unexpectedly
from the consequences of their own rash and im-
provident speculations. In ordinary times " there
is always two years' supply of cottons in the crude
and manufactured state at the consuming points ;
at the fall of Fort Sumter there was a
sufficiency for three years' requirements." Such a
state of the market was favourable to us, as helping
to fill the void until we could draw our supply from
other and more secure sources. But Mr. M'HENRY
tells us that it is useless to rely on India as a loca-
lity to occupy the place of the American States in
the production of cotton, and that to accomplish such
an end the climate and the systems of labour and
trade would have to ba altogether revolutionised,
and he proceeds to support this theory by a num-
ber of statistics—all, however, based on the state of
affairs two or three years back. When we know
the amazing increase which has taken place since
then, and when every mail brings reassuring parti-
culars respecting the crop of the present season, we
shall not be contented to go bask two or three years
and measure our prospects by the results of the half-
hearted and indifferent cultivation then going on.
We might as well accept the statistics of Indian pro-
dace in 1850.51 given by Mr. M'HENRY, in which
tea, now fast becoming one of the chief ataples of
India, figures as nil, as take the £7,342,167 set down
as the value of cotton exports in 1861 as a sample of
the exports of 1863-4, and subsequent years.
When
an unprejudiced observer reflects for a moment on
the different state of affairs hitherto existing in
India and the Southern States of America, the diffi-
culties put in the way of the former by the land-
tax, the laws of waste lands and the ignorance or
indifference of the people owing to the former de-
pression of the trade, he will only wonder that in so
brief a time so much has been accomplished, and
instead of anticipating the necessity of revolution-
ising the climate and changing the habits of the na-
tives he will readily admit that all that is required
is a few years of careful cultivation. The
States themselves did not produce the same amount
of cotton some years back, as they have done since
the vast increase in the trade, and a certain market
is necessary to the development of any branch of
commerce. Neither can the inferiority of Indian
cotton be accepted as a permanent drawback, for it
has been ascertained that cotton of a fine quality
will, if planted from American seed, readily grow
in many parts of India. But one great reason why
Mr. APHENRY clings to the preservation of the
old form of the cotton trade is to be found in his
pro-slavery sentiments. He reckons among the
' superior advantages of the Southern States, " their
excellent system of slavery, which, if discontinued,
would ruin them and England too ;" and again he
speaks of the negro on the Southern plantations as
" the happiest labourer on the face of the globe."
This is a view of the case hardly likely to find
favour with the British public, whose resolute re-
fusal to accept either extreme of the case, has occa-
sioned so much displeasure on the other side of the
Atlantic. Because we do not believe in the disinte-
rested virtue of President Lieworev's proclamation,
or sympathise with Mr. BEECHER'S unreasoning
ranting, we are not going to change our firm con-
victions on the subject of slavery as a principle,
and on such conditions as those above stated, Eng-
land will he less willing than ever to submit to Mr.
APHENRY's assertion, that " the whole cotton ques-
tion after all depends upon the production of the
American States." Many other aspects of the case
are discussed in this volume, to which we shall
return at an early opportunity.

The Colton Trade : its Bearing upon the Prosperity
of Groat Britain and Commerce of the American Repub •
lies." By George M'llenry. Saunders and Otley,

el:aidamoLteedent?)
AN AWKWARD LAUDATION.—When Carlos in
the "Duenna" is presented by Little Isaac to his
affianced, Carlos, of whom some handsome speech is ex-
pected, whispers to his friend, " Isaac, your mistress is very
difficult to compliment." The Lord Chancellor appears to
have experienced the same sort of difficulty in his address
to the new Lord Mayor (who is, we believe, a liberal and
thoughtful man, of more than average ability), and he could
not, like Carlos, escape from his embarrassment by singing
a song. So he floundered on in this awkward fashion .
" Nothing can be more gratifying to any man than to feel
that the tenor of his antecedent life has been such as to
win for him the esteem, the regard, and the confidence of
such a distinguished body of men as the cit;zens of Lon-
don." The personal merits of Alderman Lawrence had,
then, recommended him to his fellow-citizens, Not at all.
His claims are
rael,m,cuoolsetchcitlhaiereditary. lie is his father's son,
~3",ouyrathfaeiti,owan_d nothing more. "My lord, there is in your
':cedobthyerthceircumstance rarely to be found. It is that to
‘,,vphelecchht-Irnaemomelmon-Sergeant has adverted in. his eloquent
tma aeroki
toyf their
fLtiotner;d:notnaha: withTiii you the title to the esteem of
sonbetehnat aylomuorsftafhheerrerdeiotaerivye,
dfoargirtoaisf
being elected a magistrate o
Lord Mayor not ver•
life
the
othertentohuarn
Law-
rence. Why hold forth abouts
was certainly letting down the
an
ne esteem, regard, and con-
fidence fall of the St.
antecedent life (is there
to show that such
was not the Lord Mayor's ease, his title
en-
tirely of a different character,
namely,
being almost tiandeynhceutnwaonn
hUrOditAry

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

[REUTER'S TELEGRAM.]

INDIA.
BOMBAY, OCT, 29.
(By Telegraph from Satz.)

There has been a great slorm on the Western
Coast of India and in the Bay of Bengal.
The ship Wings of the Wind has been totally
wrecked at Cochin.

AMERICA.

SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 12.

The Hamburg and American Company's steam-
ship Hammonia, from New York on the 31st ult.,
has arrived at Cowes. She brings 105 passengers,
56,200 dols. for England, 40,000 dols. for France,
and 400 dole. for Hamburg.
The Hammonia spoke the steamer Teutonia on
the 9th inst., bound for New York.
Her news has been anticipated.

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.
ST. PETERSBURG, Nov. 12.

The Journal de St. Petersbourg publishes an
imperial rescript to the Grand Dake Constantine.

The Grand Duke being convinced, by the con-
tinual increase of the insurrection in Poland, of the
incompatibility between the condition of affairs in
that country and the feelings of good-will for its
pacification which induced the Emperor to entrust
him with carrying into operation the institutions
which had been decreed, the Emperor consents to
relieve the Grand Duke of his functions as Lieute-
nant and Commander-in-Chief in Poland, and trusts
that after the re-establishment of order ho will
resume his task.

VILNA, Nov. 7.

The lVilnaer Courier of to•day says :—" The
Abbe Antony Gargas, vicar in the parish church in
the district of Telche (Government of Kowno),
brought before court-martial, has been found guilty
of having taken part in the operations of insurrec-
tionary bands, of having fought arms in hand
against the troops, of having administered the oath
to insurgents, and published revolutionary mani-
festoes in the villages. lie has therefore been con-
demned to death. This sentence having been ap-
proved by General :Mouravieff, Abbe Gargas was
shot on the 19th ult. in the town of Telche."

The same paper contains a circular of the Gover-
nor General of Wilna, addressed to the Governors
of Kowno, Grodno, Minsk, Witepsk, and Mohilew,
which says :—" Considering the necessity of
having a complete account of absentee land-
owners, as well as ot their sons or relations
residing upon their estates, I desire your
Excellencies, lsc—To send in to me a list of all
landowners of Polish origin in foreign countries
who do not return at the expiration of the term
fixed by their passports, that I may at once pro-
ceed to confiscate their domains ; 2d—To designate
those among the landowners, their sons or relatives,
who, after having received permission from the
military commandants to absent themselves from
their estates, have not returned thither by the ap•
pointed day, as well as those whose residence at the
present moment is not known to the local authori-
ties, being careful to specify the names of individuals
known to be among the bands ; 31—To send in to
me detailed information of all the nobles, Catholic
clergy, employ CA, and administrators ot State lands
of Polish origin. And all this with the least pos-
sible delay.—General of Infantry, MourtA-
VIEFF II."

ST. PETERSBURG, Nov. 8.

The mercantile class here is in despair, because
the Bank upon the one hand almost entirely refuses
discount, upon the other pursues the well-known
practice in the issue of specie, which amounts to a
denial. It is said now that the first business houses
are agreed upon sending it to the Finance Minister,
Baron Stieglitz, the Governor of the Bank. The
petitioners will hardly encounter better fortune
than the merchants who visited Poltowa fair, and
discovered, to their alarm, that the branch establish-
ments, customary during the fair, had not been
opened. Telegrams were at once despatched to the
Finance Minister, who sent for Baron Steiglitz.
Half an hour later a privy councillor at the
Ministry received orders to telegraph to Poltawa
to ascertain if the affair was quite correct, and the
Bank had acted rightly. Here also the Baron is
reported to have said--" A crisis was impending,
and the Bank considers it its duty to hasten its
outbreak." This would be a bold judgment, even
were it in every respect correct. But the truth is,
that the Bank is deficient in funds. It cannot make
use of its bullion for discount operations, and noes
are the less available as their emission has ceased,
and the Bank cannot get rid of its 4 per cent.
metallics, when money is as high as 10 to 12 per
cent.

WARSAW, Nov. 8.

The impatience with which the public has
awaited the Emperor Napoleon's speech may very
easily be conceived. It was believed that the Rus-
sian Censor, Pawlis zezew, who is also in virtue of
his office chief editor of the official D. Ziennik Pows
Zeitung, would have no hesitation in permitting its
publication, and the editors of the various local
papers hastened to get the speech into type. Greatly
to the general disgust, however, M. Pawliszezew
prohibited the Warsaw papers from publishing the
document, but issued it himself in the Government
journal.

The D'Ziennik of the day before yesterday pub-
lishes a proclamation stating that the issuing of
passports has been transferred from the department
of the Interior to the charge of Gen. Trepow, chief
of the gendarmerie in the kingdom. From 1831
until two years ago the management of the pass-
ports Wftb in the bands of the military Governor, of
whose office the present gendarmerie chief is only
a successor, and Polish subjects have now, there
fore, to go through a long series of tedious formali-
ties before they can obtain a passport good for from
eight to fourteen days for Warsaw, and for four
weeks for the provinces.
Yesterday's D'Ziennik, contains the Russian ver-
sion of Komorowski's and Rochebrun's inroad from
Gallicia into Volhynia upon the 2d inst. The offi-
cial paper states that the insurgents suffered great
losses—numbers not given—and transported dead
and wounded across the frontier. Eleven insur-
gents are reported captured, with 30 horses and
7,000 cartridges. The insurgents are said to have
been pressed hack into Gallicia, where 400 were
disarmed by the Austrians.

as being sufficient for the accommodation re-
quired."
" Many persons," says the Siecle,"have received
the proposal of a Congress as a generous dream, as
a Utopia, the realisation of which was to be desired
but must be ever adjourned. We have ourselves
called attention to the obstacles which opposed the
execution of the project. According, however, to
the numerous despatches which succeed each other,
it appears that in a fsw days, upon an autograph
invitation, which has hardly arrived at its destina-
tion, the accord will be established as if by enchant-
ment ! There must consequently be a great neces-
sity to remodel the map of Europe, and to solve
problems which become more complicated being
prolonged !"
BOURSE, Nov. 11.—No material change has taken
place in the market, which continues firm, but with-
out making any material upward movement or in-
creasing in. animation. Threes are now at 67f. 10c.
Mobilier have also slightly improved. Railway
Market quiet, with prices well maintained. The
market improved towards the close, and left off as
follows :
.14 per Cents. .. 95

Do. end month....

3 per Cents
Do. end month 67 20
Credit Mobilier IC9I 25
Do. end month 1095

Bank Shares 3355

Credit Fancier 1280
Roman

seiL

Italian Loan 72 85
Do. end month 72 70
New ditto
Do. end mouth.... --
Russian
Austrian
Spanish Threes 53 25
Flome Debt .. 5l 50
Deferred -
VAIN.
Cash. Account.

Orleans
Northern
New ditto — ..
Lyons and Mediterranean 950 .. 953 75
New ditto -
Geneva 497 50

970 - .. 977 50

9S 51) ~ 981 25

Southern 692 50 .. 693 75
Western

Eastern .... 485 .. 487 50
Sardinian 4OB 75 .. 410
.__

Austrian
Lombard 533 75 .. 533 75
North of Spain ......
Saragossa 615 .. 620
Ditto to Barcelona

PRUSSIA.
(From the Times' Correspondent.)
BERLIN, NOV. 10.

After the task comes the pastime ; and accordingly
the King and a gay and numerous party of Princes,
Generals, and Ministers, are off for sport to Letz-
lingen Forest, leaving the Chamt.,er and Berlin to
muse upon yesterday's Speech. They have left but
a discontented capital behind them. The Speech
has given the utmost dissatisfaction. It can hardly
be said to have caused much surprise, for nothing
good was expected. There is no chance of a❑
Address to the Throne being voted, and indeed to do
so would be suicidal on the part of the Chamber.
Re-perusal of the Speech only confirms the bad im
pression it at first made. The intimations it contains
of respect to the Constitution are looked upon as
the merest mockery, when in one of its very earliest
paragraphs the country is informed that a bill will
be brought in to regulate the rights of the Govern-
ment with respect to budgets the Deputies may re-
fuse to vote. After this it is quite in vain that
an appeal is made with respect to the reorgani-
sation of the army. In vain does the Sovereign
urge the Chamber to address itself to the question
of domestic differences with the earnest will to
come to an understanding. The existing breach
has been widened by this Speech, generally pro
claimed, notwithstanding its affectations of consti-
tutionalism, to .be worthy of a despotic Government.
What will ensue it is impossible to say, but the
public mood is not favourable to approaching
peace. The Speech announces a great deal of busi-
ness for this session ; but how much of it will be
transacted ? Many bills are to be brought in, but
the Opposition laughs at the idea of their acceptance
by the Lower House. As regards the press ordi-
❑ances, Government will neither get absolution for
the past, nor modification, in the sense they desire,
of the existing law. In short, to-day things look
gloomy, and the word is War. It is the Effect of
the first impression, but it is doubtful whether this
will be much modified by reflection. With respect
to the rumoured mediation and compromise, semi-
official writers seek to weaken the effect produced
by recent newspaper paragraphs. Without attach-
ing too much weight to the contradictions in ques-
tion, whether insinuated or positive, we yet must
admit that the tenour of the Speech is not favourable
to the realisation of such well-intended projects.
In the short sitting which bosh Houses of the
Diet held yesterday afternoon, Count Stalberg
Wernigerode was re-elected President of the Upper
Chamber. In the Lower Chamber, M. Taddel, as
the oldest Deputy present, took the chair, and the
four youngest Deputies were appointed Secretaries
provisionally. Lots were drawn for the division of
the Chamber into Committees or sections, which
to-day are engaged in the examination of the elec-
toral returns. As soon as more than half of the
elections have been approved, the choice of the
President and Vice-Presidents will be proceeded to.
Until Friday or Saturday it is not likely that
there will be anything of interest to record.
iVleanwhile, the principal political parties are
holding their evening meetings. The Left Centre
musters in greater strength than was expected, and
will reckon, it appears, 100 members. The party
of progress still counts on 150, so that these two
fractions together will compose five-sevenths of the
Chamber. In yesterday's sitting, a number of the
principal members of all parties were present. The
right of the house, a world too wide for the Conser-
vatives—in front of whom sat Schwerin, Simeon,
and the remnant of the Liberals of the Centre—was
invaded by the men of the Bockum Doffs, or Left
Central fraction. M. Von Heydt, who was pre-
sent at a recent meeting of the Feudal party, has
seated himself in the Chamber in front of them and
behind the old .Liberals—a place significant of his
political position. _

From what I hear, the question of the two Poles
who hive been elected deputies—they being at the
time in prison on a charge of treason, is not likely
to give rise to a conflict. It is more probable that
the matter will be treated in a purely constitutional
way ; that the Government will supply the Chamber
with documents showing the grounds on which those
two gentlemen were arrested, and that the Chamber,
on finding those grounds sufficient, will not insist
on their release. It is expected that one, if not
two, of the Conservatives who have been returned
at this general election will be unseated in conse-
quence of the illegal practices that it will be proved
were resorted to. If investigations were rigorously
carried out, it is probable that more would share
the same fate, but I am informed that in this matter
there is no intention of displaying a vindictive
animus towards Government and its supporters. On
the eve of submitting to the Chamber the press ordi-
nances, and a modification of the press law and penal
code, the Government does not seem disposed to vie
with its adversaries in forbearance. A third warn-
ing was yesterday given the Berlinger Allgemeine,
for the concluding paragraph of a leading article in
which it was declared that, in presence of Austria's
recent attempt, Prussia found herself fettered in the
display of her power by the fault of her present
Government, and that although, in spite of the
shortcomings of the present Ministry, Austria had
suffered a defeat, no victory could be claimed when
the power was wanting to derive the smallest ad-
vantage from the adversary's reverse. For these
remarks, not very violent, but unpleasantly true,
the Berlinger Allgemeine receives a third warning,
which, according to the Ordinance of the Ist
June, should be a suspension, bit certain pruden-
tial considerations, spoken of in a former letter,
make the authorities unwilling to proceed to such
extremities.

The arrival of the Crown Prince, to be present at
the opening of the Chamber, took Berlin by sur-
prise, it is said his Royal Highness was sum-
moned rather suddenly by a telegram from the
King. He is not expected to return to this capital
after the hunting party to which he has accom-
panied his father, but to proceed from Magdeburg
to Coblentz to visit Queen Augusta, now staying
there, and then to go back to England. A.large
party of Princes is to-day assembled in Letzhngen
Forest. There are, besides the King, four mem-
bers of the Royal family of Prussia, Prince Augustus
of Wurtemberg, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, Duke of Brunswick, Duke William of
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau,
and others. Of the Ministers there are--Messrs.

Bismark, Bodelschwingh, Roon, Selchow, lizem-
plitz, Scbieinitz, &c. Marshal Wrangel, of course,
is there, and sundry other high civil and military
functionaries swell the Royal train. While the
hunting party lasts, telegraphic communication is
provided for with the for eats.
There is a report that numerous vacancies which
exist in the Chamber of Lords will shortly be filled
up. Under a Government of liberal tendencies the
opportunity would be a good one for strengthcning
the minority, and so facilitating the ultimate re-
form of that retrograde and impracticable assem-
bly. As it is, no great penetration is necessary to
conjecture what political party will be reinforced by
the now creations, should they presently take plac.
A newspaper estimates; at 3,000,000 thalers
0450,000) the cost incurred by the military mea-
sures, concentration of troops, &a., made to cover
the Polish frontier in consequence of the insurrec-
tion in that kingdom.

The subject of the European Congress proposed
by the Emperor Napoleon receives, notwithstand-
ing the meeting of the Chambers, a great deal of
attention here. People cannot believe that it is
proposed without some assurance of support having
been previously secured, and whence, they ask, can
that have been obtained except from Russia ? At
any rate, if Russia accepts, Prussia, there is a
strong disposition hero to think, will surely follow
in her wake,

Two or three days ago the prevailing opinion
here was that an execution in Holstein was almost
inevitable, but people now speak of it with less
certainty, and there is a report of propositions hav-
ing been made by Denmark to Prussia and Austria.
It is generally thought that nothing less than the
suspension of the patent of the 30th March and of
the promulgation of the new Denmark-Schleswig
constitution will induce the Federal Government to
stay the execution.
Schiller's old play of " Kabale und Liebe" afforded
opportunity for a political demonstration a few
nights ago at the Theatre Royal in Berlin. One of
the female characters says to Ferdinand, "It was
the Prince who gave you that sword ; to which the
young officer replies, It was the State gave it
me by the Prince's hand." The audience applauded
so vehemently that the actors were fain to sus-
pend their performance until the burst was over.
Another passage in the same play has been struck
out, for fear, one cannot but suppose, of unpleasant
applications. The President, who has attained to
power by no clean paths, exclaims, " An oath !
what avails an oath, blockhead P.' To which Warm,
the secretary, replies, " Nothing with us, gracious
Sir. Everything with that sort of men." Whe-
ther the audience had already taken this up, I
cannot say, but a person who was present assures
me that at the last performance of the play it was
omitted. Although the country in which the
action of Kahle und Liebe passes is not stated
by Schiller, certain passages of the play are
considered to indicate it as Electoral Hesse. It is
not, however, on account of the obnoxious Sovereign
of that petty State that Berlin audiences applaud
and censors ply their scissors. The applications
made are to persons and circumstances nearer home.
We do not any longer approve his Hessian High-
ness for unconstitutional proceedings, but Kladdera-
datsch, sadly at a loss latterly for topics whereon
to exercise its pencil, is still left at liberty to exhi-
bit him, watching from his opera-box the pirouettes
of the ballerine, while his Ministers await in the
lobby their Sovereign's leisure for affairs of State.

16211 „
. , hp/n
Irdiat
41 I

TIER MAJESTY.

WINDSOR CASTLE, Nov. 11.

The Queen, accompanied by her Royal High-
ness the Princess Helena, drove in the grounds this

morning.

Her Royal Highness the Crown Princess of
Prussia (Princess Royal) arrived at Windsor Castle
from Sandringham in the afternoon.
Lord de Tabley and Lieutenant-General Sir
Henry Bentinck have succeeded Lori Rivers and
Colonel F Beytnour, C. 8., as Lord and Groom in
Waiting.

The Prince and Princess of Wales.
SANDRINGHAM, Nov. 11.

Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess
of Wales, attended by Major Teesdale, drove out
this morning.
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, with
Major Teesdale, Lieutenant-Colonel Keppel, Gene-
ral Knollys, and Mr. Fisher, went out covert shoot-
ing to-day.
Her Royal Highness the Crown Princess of
Prussia, attended by the Countess Hohenthal and
the Count Furstenstein ; his Royal Highness Prince
Frederick of Denmark, attended by Captain
Lund ; and his Serene Higness Prince Edward
of Saxe-Weimar, left Sandringham Hall this
morning at half-past ten, for Wolferton station,
accompanied by their Royal Highnesses the Prince
and Princess of Wales, who were attended by
Lieutenant-General Knollys, Major Teesdale, Lieu-
tenant-• Colonel Keppel, and the Countess of Morton,
The royal party left Wolferton by the ordinary train
at 11.57.

The Crown Princes proceeded to Windsor on a
visit to her Majesty, and Prince Frederick of Den-
mark returned to Oxford to continue his studies at
the university.