The Sun.
London, England, 1830-09-04 00:00:00

terests I have ttioppotie, tun! yearse—perhaps' generations,
may pass-away before the repeated attacks of Opinion have
ken Able to break this phalanx. A long time will even
elapse before opinion prortouncea itself; for, respect for
vested rights is'so deeply rooted in the heads of the 7og-
li-h, that 'nobody, takes it amiss if the most huirdensome
privileges are enforced with the utmost rigour.
"What shall we say of thousands of men, who languish
in the prisons, Where they are brought up in the school of
vice, for no other crone than having taken some partridges
froM the Lord of the Manor? Suppose, for a moment,
that it Should he thought expedient to introduce among us
the English Game Laws; to prohibit the Sale and pur-
chase of game; ttt forbid every one, who is not an Esquire
or proprietor of a landed estate of a hundred a-year; the
pleasure of walking with a gun in his hand, in his own
field; and T ask you if any Government would be strong
enough not to fail in such an enterprise ; and if, notwith-
standing the mute docility which the administrative mo-
narchy has so long impressed upon manners, the whole
country would not break out into murmur anti insurree.
floe ? Such, however, are the laws, which their palpable
absurdity'dOes not hinder from maintaining their ground
in England ; anil every year the Parliament listens with
patience in support of such a system, I dare not say to ar-
guments, but to langeage, which excites a smile of (im-
passion. I could multiply examples ad infinitum."
This worthy man, with all his 'prepossessions in
favour of England, could riot blind himself to the
• ss
great cause of all the abuses in the country. There
is a point (he says justly)'at which aristocratic cus-
toms would render illusory all the best gearanteee
of liberty." We have always contended t hat no
country, can possibly be well governed in which
primogeniture is the law of descent. The necessary
consequence of throwing geeat masses of property into
few hands, is to deprive the people of the enjoyment
of the priVileges they may nominally possess. The
rich man must of necessity be surrounded by slaves.
One of the greatest philosophers obit:ryes, speaking
of the great, that the consciousness whiCh they have
of their Strength renders them arrogant ; the sight
of the respectful air of those who listen to them,
gives, them.tt foolish confidence to utter folly haugh-
tily and even brutally. They even believe that they
have, uttered smart or suns ble things because the
fear and prudence of others have been favourable to
them. That men born to great Wealth are of all
men the least fitted to legislate, from their ignorance
and the conceit so well described by the philosoe
pher from whom we have made the above quota-
tion, is a point respecting which there can hardly be
two opinions. England, therefore, never can he
well governed so long as the present law of succes-
sion gives all power to the rich. Even Blackwood,
with all his High Church and Ultra-Tory notionS,
admits that the Aristocracy are necessarily imbeciles,
and that none but imbeciles can be members :--
" None but the very rich (he says), and the insfru-
ments which party puts forward and supports With. its
purse, can maintain a contest for a county ; the qualifies.
tines in consequence are confined to great wealth and party
servility. • It therefore naturally happens that County
Members, as a whole, cannot be other than men deplor-
ably inefficient in ability and intelligence. Agriculture
embraces the especial interests of their constituents; yet on
matters connected with it, scarcely an individual cart he
found among thetri capable of making an able and argu-
mentative speech ; they can neither confute their opponents
nor support their friends. We need not speak of their ca-
pacity for managing the general affairs of the Empire. If
they make a display of independence, their want of talent
and knowledge too often causes them to do it to the injury
of the State ; they oppose or support the Ministry when
they ought to do the contrary. Counties, therefore, are
not only to a great extent virtually without Representa-
tives, but those they possess are of the least value possible."
The French, fortunately for theeiselveti, have rid
themselves of their Aristocracy. Tide is a blessing
which can hardly be perchased at too high a price.
Aristocracy anti servility go together; and when the
one disappears the other disappears also. No coun-
try can be tolerably governed where there are indi-
viduals with enormous estates, to overawe the less
wealthy and corrupt the poor. That country mutt
proceed from had to worse.-11forning Chronicle.
The accounts from the Netherlands received yes-
terday, though seeming to differ, may be reconciled
by supposing that the refusal of the King to accede
to the dementia of the Brneaels poitimiers is to be.
attributed to ,his distrust of his powers to decide
alone on what belongs to himself and the States-
General to deterinitie. The demands of the Liege
petitioners are, in fact, chiefly levelled at his exer-
cising arbitrary powers. They complain of his mis-
chievous bounties, which have had the effect of
enabling one class of men to ruin another. No one
doubts the intentioni of the King ; but good inten-
tions
consancreer not
of individuals,otenott AKmitaigy, by meddling with
very best intentions in the world. uiweetin n with the
may easily
conceive what havock would be caused in this
country by placing such a man as Aldermen
Waithman, With alt his credo shopkeeper notions,
of serving trade, at the bead of the Government of
an industrious community. Yet Alderman 'Weidman
is probably as enlightened a man es the King of the
Netherlands. The demands of the people of Brussels,
and Liege, 'as far us we can understand them, deem'''
to be just." A well-intentioned King, who will:
have every one happy in his own way, and conse.
wetly will persist in meddling with everything, is u
great curse to a country.—Morning Chronicl4
The Paris Papers, which reached us last night,
ere
,rather sterile of news. They neither confirm
miriefete the reported ceneessione of the Kings of
Spin and Naples to their respective subjects, neither
do they announce any insurrectional movements in
these Stetee. As to the concessions, we twitch no
credit whoever to theni, because absolute Kings
never give up any portion of their ower, Wets
forced to it by instant siners, of which there was
no sign at. the date of the last accounts from Me-
drid or Naples, though there was much formative.,
tion in .both cities. But that the ferment will ass
IMMeint last, a elmracter of open and uncompromis-
ing resistance every thing already imiiiates, whilst
a short delay, instead df being a hindrance, will ren-
der success almost question of mathematical eel.-
taintY. The news from the Netherlands is not so
late as that we published yesterdity,'atid it throws'
no additional light, therefore, on the conflict between
the people and the Government. In the meantime,
very erroneous notions prevail respecting the natere,
exteet, and probable issue of the troubles in that-
country. There are many who imagine, even et
this moment, that they are a mere explosion, which
would shortly cease if left to themselves, having no
materiel of revolution. They also believe that the
lower orders have alone taken !thy, part in diem,.
either with hand or heart, find that the other classes
view them with fear and horror. With respect to the
first of these opinions nothing can be more erroneous,
for never was discontent more general and rooted
than that which prevailed in the Southern Provinces
ever since the formation of the new state. We
.speak thus. positively because we epode from pere
sonal knowledge; and we always found the dis-
content much greater in the higher than in the lower
classes. This is the reason too that so many of the.
Nobility have joined the present movement, and
perhaps this is the reason, too, that the old flag of
tirnbtint, whielt must recall to them so rosily wed-
tying associations, has been preferred to the emblem
of Fremie liberty, he tlear to the multitude. The
best proof of the extent of the insureeetion is the
fiact that, in every town, great and small, the antlio-
cities, civil and military, appointed by the King,
have been displaced ; and others, chosen by • the
people, and responsible to the people leen; subisi.
toted. Antwerp and Ghent alone'are exceptions.
to this rule; anti even these are quilted exeep.
tines, the authority, both civil and military, being
ing
tdltniivoeitirvgh:!dir
every town
between
tee, eabi 01.
directing
co
tpf
s)reoggaple
t aril,tah: troopsitsuiblede
eoeKine pie) i
appointed
tit :oeee both,.
doh
f
Committee of Publle
and the dirit guard now includee needy ell tbe able-
bodiedmen', with the exception of the mere rabble.
In every village the saki measures havedieen adoptede
end from every steeple the national flag flies' at this,
moment. Under these circumstances, concession
ido" on the pert or the King can prevent a com-
plete revolurion.-11forniugnerold.

A Morning Paper, in IN cagentess to rescue the
Duke of Wellington from the-charges of having had,

any participation in the measures which led to' OW
late memorable events in France,. proves; as evert
sealoessylvocates are apt to do, too muchs .The
writer in question, after awing that it will app pear
" from the perusal Of the official doeumente,' found'
in the perthilios of the "late Ministers, that the Duke
of Wellitigton was. never privy to any of the .pros
ceedings of Polignac," adds, "-and was, when gene-
rally consulted, the strenuous opponent of arbitrary
measures." We suppoSe, " generally consulted,"
means consulted particularly; bur, In whatever
sense it be taken, those are words of fearful import,
and, as we have said,, both admit and prove too
much, and are decidedly at variance with the pre-
vious assertion, that his Grace was not privy to any
of Polignac's proceedings. We did not say that he
was, but we stated that there are persons in more
countries than one who suspect that the Ministers
of Charles X. would not have displayed the " fatal
courage" which they did, if they had not some
assurances of sympathy in other quarters ; and
surely such suspicion is not likely to be ex-
tinguished by a mole of defence, which admits
that the' Prime Minister of England was
"generally consulted" on thew arbitrary measures
of the Polignne Administration. Thus, the awkward-
ness of the advocate—for we are willing to ascribe
it to thatoperates like a candid acknowledgment
of the truth of at least one-half the accusation!
Why should the Duke
of Wellington have been coo,
suited " generally," or at all, by the Polignac: Mi-
nistry, on their " arbitrary measures?" Were such
consultations consistent with the spirit of non-inter-
feretice in' the internal affairs of other nations, which
the Duke repeatedly professed ? Does not the ads
milted fact of his Grace having been frequently con-
suited by, the Poligtmc Millbury prove that that ill-
starred Administridion placed great confidence, at
least, in the' judgment of the Duke, and believed
they had reason to calculate on his
,sympathy ?
When that Administration was first most tines.
pectedly and preposterously thrust upon France, to
accomplish the destiny of the Bourbons, did not the
French people believe it to be but a branch Cabinet
of the British Administration; and did riot the
French Generals treat it us such ? No doubt they
were mistaken in this---no doubt it was but a po-
Pular delusion to suppose the Duke of Wellington,
*ho hail been so instrumental in restoring the Aker.
hons,.had sent them the fatal gift, in whose embrace
was destruction But when we are told by the
Duke's advocate, that Poligeac and his colleagues
were in the habit of consulting him on his arbitrary
measures, we can hardly avoid drawing the inference
that those infatuated Ministers looked on him
as not only Ore head of the English Cabinet
but of the French also. What would the
people of this country say of the Duke, if,
when he resolved noon adopting his arbitrary mea-
sures against the Press, and the Whig Attorney-
General stood ready to open the fire of his battery
of ex-oilicio.infrrmations on the Press, his Grace
had thought it necessary to consult the French Mi-
nister upon his intended proceedings against the
freedom of political opinion ? Would they not say
that the French Minister was virtually at the head
of the councils of Great Britain ? Apply this rea-
soning to the facts admitted by the Duke's advocate,
and will not the bitter attacks of the Parisan jour-
nals upon the Polignae Mini•try, as being, if not ap-
pointed, at least controlled by the British Cabinet,
be justified ? We hope it will eventually be shown
that, although the Duke persecuted the Press
at home, he had no concern in the abortiVe
attempt to annihilate the Press of France. We
hope this will be shown; but then it must
be by some proof of argument more convincing
than the statement of the journalist who tells us his
Grace was " not privy" to arbitrary measures, on
which, at the same tittle, he gives us to understand
that he was " generally considted." Thus, the
Duke, like Charles X., has found that " no enemy
can match a friend ;" but, we say again, we hope
he will he able to clear his character effectually from
the imputation of :such 'a defence 1-Morning Herald.
•,Ari evening contemporartgoes so, far as to ad-
vanee,that a civil war is on 'thepoint of bursting
forth in Spaie. In support of that opinion the
public are presented with extracts of lettere from
Bayonne, asserting the disturbed condition of
Madrid, and the assemblage in the South of France
of many of the Spaniards exiled by Ferdinand. We
must pause, however, before we draw such conclu-
sions from the scanty materials furnishel by our
brother journalist; and while we invite him to re-
consider this very serious question, we must be per-
mitted to task whether, tinder present circumstances,
it would be desirable that the Spaniel' refugees
should assert their claims by force of arms. Since
the triumph of the Liberal party in France great so-
licitirde appears to have been felt by the Spanish
Government. FerdiOand and his apostolical ad-
visers appear conscious of having lost their firmest.
prop in the late Sovereign rind Mini4ry of France,
and have made a point of nckooWledging the recent
political change. Yesterday's mail apprises us that.
she French Consul at St. Sebastian has written to
Bayonne, that orders to admit vessels sailing under
the tai-coloured flag, in all the Spanish Sea-parts
have arrived, by is special messenger, from Madrid.;
This prudent measure, joined to the, well-known
aversion of the French Government to interfere
with the affairs of their neighbOurs, will tend to
prevent the Spanish.refugees from carrying into ef-
fect their threatened attempt to: re-enter their,
country by force of arms.
Extract of a letter from Perpignan, August :
" Spaniards retired in the interior of France, are pouring
into this town and department. They are all byying
clothes and arms. The post every one is assigned, and;
chiefs will go to their respective positions as soon as money'
can be procured to continence operation*. Catalonia is in
a state of fermentation. On the other side, the Captain-
General is taking tneasures to prevent this nutriment.
lie leas taken the resolution of collecting together all 'his
troops in or near Barcelona. He had reinforced Puy-
Cada; he bar called to him all the troops which were
spread 'about an tiro eastern frontier ; at the same ' thins he
has written to Madrid to ark reinforcements. The Spankb
Government does not neglect any precautions to avoid the'
revolution which it seevevery where threatening it,' A
military police has been created on the frontiers, to set
in concurrence with the civil police ; all letters are openad
and read ; and travellers against whom the least suspicion,
arises are arrested or obliged to go back."
" Extract of a letter from Paris, dated Sept. 1. Ga.,
nerd Mina has left Paris for Bayonne. For many days
past thirty Spaniards each day leave Paris in the diligence,.
which proceed to Bordeaux, and from thence intend going
forward to' Bayonne. Besides these public conveyances,
many who are settled in the departments` of France, are
going either in voitures or on' foot—and in a few days a
number of refugees will be assembled im the. Pyrenees,
merely waiting for orders, and prepared to march into
the interior of the connti). The Spanish Government
brie, on its part, however, recognised the ' tri-eoloured
flag,' and directed that, it should be respected, and pro-
lour,tirae%il
gitnnje,o‘apvumearrettier,Gon,
trio;:svi.t.ie,de,nerm
otvahrte
contemplatet
ynl ds
iceiaonvdni
ledrwamarne:Abna tisibtaeariseetduhluew
to the French Court, and Lnuis-Philip, it will he in direct
French
t
Mold
e
disposal of the
nish
ke
her
isillanee with the new order of affairs. How then, under such
cireumetancelt, can the French Goiernment allow an in-
vasiln to lie made by Spanish exiles and refugees from the
frontiers ofFrance ? The mire permission would be an
set of hostility. On the other hand, %honk] the French
Government refuse the Spaniards who arc in this country
the right of assembling, on the frontiers, or should 4(16-
perse them by foree, there would be in Prance consider-
able discontent, since men of all ranks, and of all diversi-
ties of opinion, agree in desiring changes in the Govern-
anent
enue Titus, then, the foreign piney
uvcrnment is a►ufliciently perplexing, anti
no easy task, end` novery`agreeahle office
oC°i,fniaiouttiuht:
satisfactionr
bro
to'j
espect the'
y
of the"
atimhe
,av
they
;I.)sreoai owrytohfotetouoflideep loihkhaTot
tve,:geaedl
aroundepvoa,
eolardl'
etitioattere
thhe ose
at
guarantees" n not,
for
""le
‘lirthtliechprflor:p6ezectdofb.Y.sulecii success from
ancientt
event
f
ameliorations ra iounos which
state
e
require, are More likely to bei
rtitlicrently
eibeliitfereigrcatetteratinstow: of fittioiii7itilie:driteilirtYtia-titoofd*:tz
viamiumeedoitat e effort'. by;
COattli

Liianal system, and they are se completely under
the influence of the priesthood, that a struggle
[against the authority of the King would never be
(popular in the strict sense of the word, although
there can be little doubt that ninety out of
every hundred educated men in Spain, even to
:the officers of the army, are anxious for some
'change of system. But the priests have all cam*
)nous point d'appui in the mass of the popul.sce,
whose minds they have enchained by the power of
religion, and whose bodies they almost support, in
the absence of a regular demand for labour, by the
• gratuitous distribution of food from the convents.
There are certainly portions of Spain in which nu-
merous levies might be made among a hardy pea-
santry, who are less bigoted than the rest of their
countrymen, and whose attachment to the p'ie,t•
hood is solely kept up by their great poverty, which
drives them to the convents for relief; but to obtain
a force in this way, pecuniary means, of which
the Constitutionalists uppedr to be almost destitute,
would be absolutely necessary. There are, besides,
few Spaniards of note among the Constitutional
party, whose personal influence would he of much

•
importance in.an insurrection against the present
Government. Many of the refugees who ate quali-
fied by military talent for the task in question, have
forfeited the esteem of the Constitutional party,
and, with the exception of Mina and half a dozen
others, we know of no men who would be able to
rouse the Constitutionalists to action. Their cause
therefore, has not advanced so far as some of its
partisans would have us believe; and if they have
no better weapons to fight with than five-c,dumit
manifestoes, and high-sounding proclamations, there
is very little prospect of their frightening the prevailing
party into reasonable concessions. We hope more
front the mediation of this country and of. France,
than from the fulminations of refugee Spaniards;
and we deprecate any attempt to effect a change with
the feeble means which they at present appear to
possess, as the result would probably be a total
failure, attended with new prescriptions, and the
loss of many valuable lives. Better far to await the
issue of moderate measures, and the effect of the
well-meant advice of other Governments. No
reasonable man can doubt that, in the present state
of Europe, Ferdinand will see the policy of making
liberal concessions; for otherwise, if the constitu-
tional system should hold in France, public opinion
will gain such. ground in Spain as to make a change
a matter of absolute neeessity.--Morning Advertiser.

NAPOLEON'S OPINION OF WRITTEN

PLANS OF A CAMPAIGN.

While Bonaparte was thus variously engaged
at a distance, efforts were making at home to
deprive him of the honour of conceiving those
campaigns whose splendour could not be con-
cealed. It was an opinion generally admitted)
that Carnot, from his office in the Luxembourg,
drew up, or dictated for him, the plans of these
campaigns; that Berthier was his right hand,
whom he was fortunate above measure in having
near his person ; without whom he would have
felt much embarrassed, even with the plans of
Carnot, which were often quite romances. This
two-fold absurdity has survived for a moment
even against the evidence of facts. Many per-
sons still entertain this belief, which, in foreign
countries especially, finds numerous partisans.
Everywhere have I been assailed with questions
on the subject. Now, not one word of all this
is true. We must render unto Cesar what is
Cesar's. Bonaparte was an inventor, not an
imitator, in the art of war. That no man has

hereein surpassedmeee
emeet At the
of thin fine campaiggn, the Di-
rectory, as a matter of course, sent him certain
instructions, but he invariably followed his own
plans, constantly asserting in his despatches, that
all would be lost, if movements planned at a
distance from the Beane of action were to be
implicitly or blindly followed then he offered
his resignation. The Directory gave in, by ac-
knowleging the difficulty of determining
tary operations at Paris: all things were arranged
on this confession. On my entering his ser-
vice, I saw a despatch from the Directory, dated
:in May, 1796, authorizing him to conduct the
rest of the Italian campaign, according to his
own views and estimates. And, most certabily,
there was not a movement, not a single opera=
tion, which did not emanate front himself.
Carnot bad been obliged to yield to his firmness.
When the Directory desired to treat of peace,
towards the close of the year 1796, General
Clarke, appointed to conclude the armistice, had
powers authorizing him, in case Mantua did not
fall during the arrangements, to inelude the
blockade" as it should then stand. In this case
the Emperor of Austria would have stieulated
that the place and garrison should be provisioned
day by day. Bonaparte, convinced that an
armistice without Mantua would never be a
step towards peace, vehemently opposed this
condition, to which, indeed, ho refused all as-
sent. Ho carried his point ; the place capitu-
lated ; the consequences are known ; the splendid
campaign finished by an advantageous peace.
Nevertheless, he had looked forward to the
chances of war, and was preparing, during the
blockade, to gain possession by storm ; and
wrote the Directory to that effect, remarking,
" A stroke of this. nature depends absolutely
upon luck-7uptin a dog barking, or a goose
cackling."
Bonaparte, excessively alive to whatever
reached him of the reports concerning :Carnot
and Berthier, said to me one day, " This is so
gross an absurdity 1 It is very easy to say to a
General, depart for Italy, gain battles, and
advance till you sign peace in Vienna. But the
execution--there's the rub; that is' not quite so
easy a matter. I never set the least account
urn the plans received from the Directory.
'nese are upon the spot trio many circumstances
to modify such instructions. The movement of
a single corps of the enemy's army will completely
overturn an entire plan arranged thus by the
chimney-corner. None but old women would
put faith in such gossip. As to Berthier, since
you have been with inc, you see what he is: lie
18 a blockhead. What So he has done all !
It is he who appropriates a great' part of the
gtvool oury of i
therel t
tor a:tithes w,r;tlltYof
suchhet eachdt ielaYs!"
wouldm'us nln ttethPheel en►l yield
own;
n' enjoy his
or at least, that posterity would do jus-
tice. This pleased him.--Constable's Miscel-
lquy, Vol. LVII.

Upwards of seven hundred tickets have been.
gold for the Manchester dinner to the Duke of WILLISG-
TON. The price 'two guineas ! Well -ntay the Duke of
WituattoroN deny the existence of distress; hat ala• ! the
Wretchedness of the many is not incompatible with the
luxury of the few.

MURDER OF SIMEON STUCKEY, OP CHARD,
So MR R RT$ll I R (from 4 COrfeoliontleil t.
morning the body of this unfortunate individual was dis-
covered in a state of decompositiwi by acme reapers in a
wheat field, shout half a mile from the spot where his hat
and stick were found, evidently carried to the spot, tvhere
also there are appearances of a struggle. In his pockets
ware found his memorandum book, two 5!. notes, thrre
sovereigns, and some silver. Hundreds 'of persons are
now flocking to the spotoind an inquest will be held most
likely in ths morning. I have nut time to say more, its
the nail is arrived.'