The Sun.
London, England, 1839-09-06 00:00:00

LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER, 6, 1839.

TEAM TO ST. PETERSBURGH
k... 7 Calling at HELSENBURC. and COPENHAGEN.
The ST. GEORGE STEAM-PACKET COMPANY'S
Steam-Ships Sail regularly from off the London Docks, for the
above Ports, as under:—

The JUNO, Lieutenant WYLDE, R.N., Commander, on
MONDAY, 16th September, at Eight o'clock in the Morning.
The SIRIUS, Lieut. WATERS, R.N., Commander, on
TUESDAY, October 1 ; and will continue to leave London
on the Ist and 16th of every month during the Season,re-
turning from St. Petersburgh on the same days.
Further information afforded on application at the Spread
Eagle, and 44, Regent's Circus, Piccadilly; and 56, Hay-
market; or at the Company's office, 137, Leadenhall-street

LONDON AND BRIGHTON RAIL-
WAY COMPANY. _ _

Incorporated by Act of Parliament, 15th July, 1837.
CALL FOR THE SIXTH INSTALMENT, 8/. PER

SHARE.

......
Notice is hereby given, that the Directors of the London
and Brighton Railway Company have this day made a Call of
Si. per Share in this undertaking, and the same is directed to
be paid on or before the 24th day of September next, to either
of the undermentioned Bankers, viz.—
LONDON—Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smiths; Messrs.

Ladbrokes, Kingscote, and Co.
LIVERPOOL, The Manchester and Liverpool District
MANCHESTER-Bank, on account of Smith, Payne, and
Smith.
BRIGHTON, HORSHAM, Z The London and County Joint
LEWES, TUNBRIDGE— S Stock Branch Banks.
GL A SGO W—Glasgow Union Bank.
DUBLlN—Provincial Bank of Ireland.
Proprietors of Shares are therefore requested to pay the
same accordingly.

JOHN HARMAN, Chairman.
London and Brighton Railway Office,
10, Angel-Court, Throgmorton-street,
August 29, 1839.

TUST OUT, the EMPEROR of CHINA'S
fiC SAUCE, the finest in the world, publicly introduced to
the English in 1839. This Sauce was originally prepared by
an eminent English Physician, residin& in India, where it sig-
nalised itself in an extraordinary manner for its richness, fulness,
piquancy, and strong digestive properties. In India it main-
tainod a celebrity previously unknown among sauces, and was
there considered indispensably requisite, with every kind of fish,
meat, game, made dishes, or curries. As a stimulant to the ap-
petite it is unequalled, possessing a smartness not met with in
any other condiment, and is strongly recommended by the Fa-
culty, for its purity and fine tonic property. These are original
and rare qualities combined ; consequently, bon vivants, the
Clubs at the west-end, and all persons of good taste, pronounce
the Emperor of China's Sauce to be the finest in the world.
Sold, wholesale, and for exportation, by D. Morse, the sole
proprietor and manufacturer, 16, Cullum-street, London ; and
retailed by all respectable chemists, grocers, oilmen and frui-
terers, throughout the United Kingdom.

HAM HOUSE—" THE ROYAL OAK."—At a
short distance beyond Gay's summer-house (Twickenham)
and on the same side of the river, stands Ham House,
formerly the residence of the noted Duke of Lauderdale,
and where he and his four colleagues, Clifford, Ashley,
Buckingham, and Arlington, held those secret meetings
which acquired for them a name infamous in English his-
tory, the Cabal—a word which their initials happened to
compose. In the house, now the residence of the Countess
of Dysart, are preserved many memorials of the Lauderdale
family. According to tradition this is one of the places in
which Charles 11. took refuge after thebattle of Worcester ;
and it is said that the great gate leading to the Ham avenue
has never been open to any meaner visitor since the hour
when the fugitive King, after he left the wood of Bosoabel,
was admitted within it for a night's shelter. Another tra-
dition, which is still more questionable, asserts that here
also, as at Boscabel, he hid himself among the branches of
an oak to escape a party of his eager pursuers. A shat-
tered trunk of a tree in Ham-lane was formerly shown to
the visitor as the identical Royal oak ; and a fair which
is annually held on the. spot on the 29th of May has tended
to countenance the belief among the people of the neigh-
bourhood, who have no notion that any incredulous and
too precise examiner into dates and facts should deprive
them of their traditions. However, " truth is strong."
and truth compels to us say, that their Royal oak is only a
counterfeit.—Rambles among the Rivers—in Bentley's
Miscellany.
THE SABBATH.—But blessings, and ten thou-
sand blessings, be upon that day I and let myriads of thanks
stream up to the throne of God, for this divine and rege-
nerating gift to man. As I have sat in some flowery dale,
with the sweetness of May around me, on a week day, I
have thought of the millions of immortal creatures, toiling
for their daily life in factories and shops, amid the whirl of
machinery, and the greedy craving of mercantile gain ;
and, suddenly, that golden interval of time has lain before
me in all its brightness—a time, and a perpetually recur-
ring time, in which the iron grasp of earthly tyranny is
loosed, and Peace, Faith, and Freedom, the Angels of
God, come down and walk once more among men ! Ten
thousand blessings on this day,—the friend of man and
beast The bigot would rob it of its healthful free-
dom, on the ono hand, and coop man up in his work.
day dungeons, and cause him to walk with downcast
eyes and demure steps ; and the libertine would desecrate
all its sober decorum on the other. God, and the
sound heart and sterling sense of Englishmen, preserve it.
from both these evils I Let us still avoid Puritan rigidity
and French dissipation. Let our children and our ser-
vants, and those who toil for us in vaults, and shops, and
factories, between the intervals of solemn worship have
freedom to walk in the face of Heaven and the beauty of
earth ; for, in the great temple of. Nature, stand together
Health and Piety. For myself I speak from experience ;
it has always been my delight to go out on a Sunday, and,
like Isaac, meditate in the fields ; and, especially in the
sweet tranquillity, and amid the gathering shadows of even-
ing ; and never, in temple or in closet, did more hallowed
influence fall upon my heart. With the twilight and the
hush of earth, a tenderness has stolen upon me—a desire
for everything pure and holy—a love for every creature on
which God has stamped the wonder of his handiwork—but,
especially, for every child of humanity ; and then I have
been made to feel, that there is no oratory like that which
has Heaven itself for its roof, and no teaching like the
teaching of the Spirit which created, and still overshadows
the world with its infinite wing.—lVilliam Hewitt.
A TALE FOR THE LOVERS OF THE MARVEL-

:.ors.—At Bow-street Police-office, an elderly woman,
said to be a bad character, was brought before the
Magistrates, charged by a police constable with being
drunk and creating a disturbance the previous night, in
Portugal-street, Lincoln's Inn-fields. The constable stated
that the prisoner was found by the side of the railings of
the burial-ground in Portugal-street, expressing great
alarm, and loudly asserting that she had seen a man, or
some unearthly object, having the appearance of a man,
digging with a spade in the burial-ground. The police-
man looked in the direction pointed out by the prisoner,
and there, sure enough, was somebody, or something, ap-
parently digging up plants. This object the prisoner
declared to be a visitant from the other world. The po-
liceman being of opinion that the ghost, if ghost it was,
had no more right than a mortal, under the provisions of
the new Police Act, to disturb the peace of her Majesty's
subjects, endeavoured to take him into custody ' • but
his ghostship having no desire for a night's lodg-
ing in the station-house, very coolly placed his
spade over his shoulder, and stalked solemnly away.
The guardian of the night, albeit stricken with fear and
apprehension, pursued the nocturnal visitor at a more re-
spectful distance, until at length he heard him strike his
spade on the pavement, and immediately afterwards the
ghost, marvellous to relate, instantaneously vanished. On
returning to -the burial ground, the policeman, his cheeks
blanched with fear, his hair " like quills on the fretful
porcupine," could not discover that the earth had been at
all touched, notwithstanding the holes which the ghost had
been so plainly seen to dig. Not being at all able to ac-
count for this most true yet most strange and unaccount-
able circumstance, he thought the best thing that could be
done would be to take the woman to whom the ghost first
made himself visible into custody, and she was accordingly
locked up for the night. After hearing the statement of
the policeman and of the prisoner, the Magistrate declared
he could not make anything. out about the incorporal
being who had made night hideous by his pranks • but as
the prisoner appeared to be merely a spectator of, not a
participator in the strange proceedings, he would discharge
her. The prisoner and the policeman then left the office,
evidently not quite recovered from the alarm they had so
recently experienced.
Yesterday (the sth of Sept.) 39 years the island
of Mehl became a part of her Majesty's dominions, and
the three senior veterans engaged in the blockade and cap-
ture of it are all living, viz., General Sir Henry Pigot and
Admiral Sir George Martin, to whom the formidable
fortress of La Valette surrendered on the sth of Sept.
1600, and General Lord Lynedoch, to whose exertions in
the blockade and capture much is due.
On Wednesday night an inquest was held at the
Red Lion, Princes-street, Westminster, on view of the
body of John Lightfoot, aged 41, whose death was occa-
sioned under the following singular circumstances :—Mr.
Thomas John Walsh, house-surgeon of Westminster Hos-
pital, deposed that the deceased was admitted about a
fortnight since. He had a compound fracture of tho
thumb. He went on favourably until Monday morning,
when a vein burst in the arm, which was stopped with
great difficulty, after the loss of upwards of a quart of
blood. A consultation of the principal surgeons of the
Institution took place, when it was decided as the only
hope of saving life that the arm should be amputated. The
operation was performed, but he never rallied, and died
on Tuesday morning.—Verdict, " Accidental Beath."
WINE.—Good wine is a cordial, a good cor-
dial, a fine stomachic, and, taken at its proper season, invi-
gorates mind and body, and gives life an additional charm.
There can be found no substitute for the fermented li-
quors that can enable man to sustain the mental and bo-
dily labour which the artificial habits of society so con-
stantly demand. Temperance and modeiation.are virtues
essential to our happiness, but a total abstinence from the
enjoyments which the bounteous hand of nature has pro-
vided is as unwise as it is ungrateful. If, on the one hand,
disease and sorrow attend the abuses of alcoholic liquors,
innocent gaiety, additional strength and power of mind,
and increased capability of encountering the ever varying
agitation of life, are amongst the many good results which
spring from a well regulated diet, in which the alcoholic
preparations hear their just proportion and adaptation.-
Dr. Sigmond.
On Wednesday afternoon, about half-past three
o'clock, as the Hon. Captain Gordon, R. N., was driving
in his gig with his prom along Parliament-street, the
horse, having been frightened, started off, and falling,
threw them both out. The captain was much hurt, and
was conveyed to his residence in Park-lane, in a coach.
The groom escaped with little injury.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE:

PORTSMOUTH.—The new three-decker, Queen, 110
guns, recently launched at this port, is in preparation for
sea service, and will be commissioned shortly, to relieve
the Princess Charlotte, 104, as flag-ship in the Medi-
terranean.

There is no truth whatever in the reported return of
the Donegal, 78, to Plymcmtb. She was at Lisbon on
the 21st ult., as also the Hercules, 72. and Hastings,
72, recently arrived on the station, which were kept in
constant readiness for sea.

vv
The tender brig Pantaloon, 10, Lieutenant Tryon,
was ordered away by Admiralty telegraph on Thursday
to Yarmouth, it is supposed for the purpose of bring-
ing volunteer seamen to this port.
The new steam vessel Hecht, Lieutenant Crap-,
proceeded on Monday from Spithead to Plymouth,
where she is to await orders, it is supposed for the
West Indies. She is upwards of 700 tons.
The Madagascar, 44, Captain Wallis, will come into
harbour to be paid off all standing; as soon as the gale
moderates. She arrived at Spithead on Saturday last,
from Newfoundland, which she left on the 11th August,
but brings no news. It is said the Blonde, 42, will be
commissioned here forthwith.

The Pylades, 18, at Plymouth, and Wanderer, 16,
at Sheerness, are ordered for commission, and will hoist
the pendant in a few days.
The Pique, 36, Captain Boxer, will be ready to take
out the new Governor-General of the Canadas about
Friday next, and will immediately return to Spithead to
he paid off.
As soon as the weather moderates, the Edinburgh,
72, Captain Henderson, will go out of the harbour to
Spithead. Her orders are not yet arrived, but it is
still supposed that she will go the Mediterranean for a
few months. The Blenheim, 72, Captain Sir H. Sen-
house, will go to Lisbon as soon as her crew is
completed.
The new brig Crane is commissioned at Woolwich for
the packet service, and Lieutenant J. Hill (a) 1810, is
appointed to the command ; she will have fifty men,
including officers.
The Belleisle, 72, Captain Nicolas ; and Druid, 44,
Captain Lord Churchill, have sailed from Plymouth,
the former for Lisbon, and the latter for New Zealand,
with the Governor, Captain Hobson, R.N., and suite.
Earl Minto, First Lord of the Admiralty, accom-
panied by his colleagues, have arrived at this port on a
visit of inspection.
The Persian, a new brig, to mount 16 guns, will be
launched shortly at Pembroke dock-yard.—Brighton
Gazette.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

TATTERSALL'S—YESTERDAY.
The attendance was thinner than on Monday, and no busi-
ness done worthy of particularising.
b to 2 agst Bloomsbury—taken
11 to 4 agst Charles the Twelfth—(offers to take 3 to 1. )
13 to 1 agst Euclid—taken
16 to 1 agst The Provost.
16 to 1 agst The Commodore.
25 to 1 agst The Lord Mayor.
25 to 1 agst netman Platoff—taken.
25 to 1 agst The Corsair—(take 30 to 1).
40 to 1 agst The Mountaineer—taken.

WTwo .yrstrldWslvrCeKe
psßtakAeCs EofS-25WsoEvns.NeaEcz
Tv:
y.
c.
Mr. T. Critchley's bl. c. Dunstan ( Whitehouse) 1
Mr. Flintoff's br. c. The Plover
The Warwick Cup Stakes of 10 sovs. each. Four Miles.
Duke of Richmond's Confusionee, 3 yrs (Howlett) 1
Mr. Collin's Isaac, aged... .....,••.. ••• 2
Mr. Isaac Day's Caravan, 5 yrs
The Borough Member's Plate of 501. Heats Two Miles.
Lord Brooke's ch. f. Petty Larceny, 3 yrs (Whitehouse) 1 1
Mr. T. Walter's ch. m. Fairy, 5 yrs ••• ...... 0 2
Mr. Tome's b. f. Eliza, 4 yrs
Mr. Cavendish's b. m. Isabella, 3 yrs
Mr. W. Hervey's gr. c. Master Eady, 4 yrs 0 0
Mr. J. Day's br. f. Canace, 3 yrs , 3 dr
The Hunter's Stakes of 10 sovs. each. two mile heats, were
won in two heats by Mr. Collett's Duenna, aged (M:. Sanders),
beating Single-Peeper, 5 yrs, and Mr. Hawkes's Sarcophagus,
4 yrs.

TH U RSDAY.
The Castle Park Stakes of 10 sons each for three and four-

year-olds. Mile. Five subs.
Mr. Collett's The Dean, 3 yrs, 7st 101 b .(Whitehouse) 1
Nlr. Fowler's br c Profligate, 3 yrs, 7st 101 b
Lord Warwick's ch f Petty Larceny, 3 yrs, 7st 101 b
Even on Petty Larceny ; 2 to 1 agst the Dean ; and 5 to 2
agst Profligate. Won easy.
The Stand Stakes of 10 sovs each, h ft, with 30 sovs added.

Two miles

Five subs.

....(Darling) 1
2

Mr. Collins's Isaac, aged, Bst 101bMr. Buckley's ch Lillie, 3 yrs, 6st.. .
Mr. Bristow's oh f Susanna, 3 yrs, 6st
Three to one on Isaac, who won easy.
The Queen's Plate of 100 guineas. Heats, two miles.
Mr. J. Day's Caravan, 5 yrs, lOst
Duke of Richmond's Confusionee, 3 yrs, Bst 21b 3 2
Mr. Collins's Isaac, aged, I', st 31b 2 dr
Both heats won easy,' even on Confusionee ; 2 to 1 agst
Isaac ; and 3 to 1 agst Caravan before starting; and 6 to 4on
Confitsionee after the first heat.
The Town Plate was not run for when this account loft.

ST. LEGER BETTING AT WARWICE.-5 to 2 agst. Charles
the Twelfth (taken), 5 to 2 agst. Bloomsbury (offered), 14 to 1
agst. Euclid, 16 to 1 agst. The Provost (taken), 16 to 1 agst.
The Commodore, 25 to 1 sgst. The Corsair (taken).
30 to 1 offered agst Hetman Platoff; 6 to 5 offered on Charles
the Twelfth agst. Bloomsbury.

PARTRIDGE SHOOTING.—The weather since Monday has
been so unfavourable, the rain pouring down almost without in-
termission in every district of the county, that partridge shoot-
ing can scarcely be said to have begun with us. The more
hardy class of sportsmen have fired a few shots ; but the labour
in the field has been immense with a comparatively small -re-
turn.—Brighton Paper.

There was a tolerable muster of Dublin nobility and gentry
at the Currah Royal September Meeting, which commenced
on Monday. Lords Howth, Clonmell, Miltown, Rossmore,
St. Laurence, Hon. Colonel Westenra, M.P., J. Maher,
M.P., J. Power, M.P., Col. Synge, &c. Mr. Maher's b. c.
Eloas, out of Perdita, won the Anglesey; Earl Howth won a
match of 100 sovs. with his b.c. Claret, beating Mr. Mont-
gomery's ch. h. Cordova. The Noble Earl walked over in
another match with Mr. Power, M.P. The weather was most
inclement.

THE TOURNAMENT.—It is currently reported
that the ominous Marquis of Waterford has occasioned the
damp on, the spirits of the visitors to Eglinton Castle.
How the deuce they ever decided on having anything to

do with such a wet subject, is to us a mystery.
ANOTHER DANDO.—A man named Haslan
was brought before the Brighton Magistrates on Tuesday,
charged with having obtained from Mr. Ede, who keeps
an eating-house in North-street, a quantity of provisions,
for which he had not the means of paying. He was dis-
charged in consequence of the non-attendance of Mr.
Ede. Shortly after his liberation, be went into an eating-
house kept by Mr. Rice, in Little Castle-square, and
asked for sixpenny-worth of meat and vegetables, and a
pint of " fourpenny." Having despatched his first supply,
he called for another, which was furnished to him by Mrs.
Rice, who at the same time asked for the money. He
replied, " I will pay you presently ; I shall want some
tobacco, and I will pay for all together." He had after-
wards a slice of plum-pudding and some tobacco ; on
being furnished with which he said he had no money.
" Then why did you ask for the meat and beer?" said Mr.
Rice. " Because I was hungry and dry," was the pri-
soner's answer. " But," said Mr. Rice, " if you are
hungry, I can't afford to keep you ;" and he accordingly
handed the prisoner to the Town-hall. " Where did you
sleep list night," inquired Mr. Wigney. "ln the black-
hole," was-the reply. " And where the night before?"
" In the black-bole." " And the tight before that?"
On the beach." " Then," said Mr. Wigney, "you
must go to the House of Correction, to bard labour, for
a month, as a vagrant."—Brighton Gazette.
MADRID, AG. 27.—A caricature is published
here representing; Don Carlos in uniform, with his sword-
belt across his shoulders, bawling out .1 I em not a-going;
let them carry me away." One of his volunteers, having
him mounted astride over his shoulder, lugs his Sylvan
Majesty to the back-ground, where a ship is seen at anchor
near the sea-shore ; the Bishop of Leon, wearing his in-
signia, is seen squatting in a wheelbarrow, being, nolens
volens, rolled to the same untoward destination, and
showering anything but his apostolical benediction upon
his conductors.
MADRID, AUG. 27.—Letters from Vittoria
of the 24th state that General Castaneda has taken Aceta,
with seven pieces of artillery. On the 22d the guides of
Alava and some Hussars and Dragoons took mounted
Facciosos, and killed two on the spot. Amongst the pri-
soners is a commandant of Carlist cavalry. Three mil-
lions of reals (30,0001.) are forwarded this very day from
hence to the head-quarters, to pay up the army
for half the month of July. Our troops were
well received by the Ayuntamiento and some of the
inhabitants of Durango, upon. entering that place; the rest
stayed in their dwellings, without any annoyance being
given them. According to other letters from Logrona,
Aug.'23, Count Belascoain (Leon) set fire to Alio and
Discartello, because the inhabitants had fled, carrying off
every thing—even their crockery. Only six houses were
spared, where the females had chosen to remain. A num-
ber of prisoners of both sexes from Corolla, Centronigo,
Rinccn, and Soto, were brought in here yesterday, charged
with being spies of Cabrera, discovered by a Rebel Colonel
who had deserted to Espartero. The burning of Allo and
Discartello took place on the 18th and 19th. Three Car-
list battalions garrisoned the forts, but such was their
cowardice, that they ran away after firing some straggling
shot—wounding four Christinos. On the 21st, the divi-
sion was firing Cerauqui and Manera. The Ist, 2d, and
3d battalions of Navarre have mutinied against their
Chiefs ; and the sth, with their guides, had entirely dis-
solved themselves.
The Madrid journals of the 27th ult. mention
the arrival of a courier at the British embassy, with the
acceptance by the British Government of Maroto's propo-
sitions made to Lord John Hay. The Madrid Gazette
contains the programme of the ceremonial for the opening
of the Cortes on the Ist inst. The Infante Don Francisco
de Paulo has been elected a Senator by three colleges in
the province of Toledo.
VOCAL PHENOMENON.—MESSINA (SICILY),
Auo. IL—We have here a vocal phenomenon, which is
perhaps unprecedented. It is a girl, only eighteen years
old, gifted with a bass voice, which for extent and power
rivals that of Lablache 1 Her name is Clorinda Senganelli.
Yesterday she made her debut at the opera of Messina in
the part of Orovisto, in Bellini's Norma, and was received
with great favour. Her success is, however, solely ascri-
bable to the extraordinary nature of her voice, for her me-
thod of singing is as yet very imperfect. Mdlle. Senganelli,
who was born in the village of Galbi, near Syracuse, may
be termed a rustic beruty ; she is tall and broad shouldered,
and per features, with her large black eyes and long and
thick hair of the same hue, denote a masculine and ener-
getic temper.
BRIGIITON.—The talking canary, which has
excited some astonishment, died last Saturday evening.
The owner states that she had refused six hundred guineas
for tbe bird. It had been exhibited only twenty-two

aweeks.
MR. LILLYVICK RE-APPEARS AMONG THE
Krawtosas.—Mr. and Mrs. Kenwigs were at supper.
At sight of their perjured relative, Mrs. Kenwigs turned
faint and pale, and Mr. Kenwigs rose majestically. " Ken-
wigs," said the collector, "shake hands." " Sir," said
Mr. Kenwigs, " the time has been when I was proud to
shake hands with such a man as that man which now sur-
weys me. The time has been, Sir," said Mr. Kenwigs,
"when a wisit from that man has excited in me and my
fantily's boozuma sensations both nateral and awakening.
Bat now I look upon that man with emotions totally
surpassing everythink, and I ask myself where is his koaour,
where is his straight forlardness, and where is his human
natur ?" • " Susan Kenwigs," said Mr. Lillyvick, turn.
ping humbly to his niece, "don't you say anything to me?"
" She is not equal to it, Sir," said Mr. Kenwigs, striking
the table emphatically. " What with the nursing of a
healthy babby w , and the reflections upon your cruel conduct,
four pints of malt liquor a day is hardly able to sain her."
" I am glad," said the poor collector, meekly, " that the
baby is a healthy one. I am very glad of that." This
was touching the Kenwigses on their tendert-st point.
Mrs. Kenwigs instantly burst into tears, and Mr. Ken-
wigs evinced great emotion. " My pleasantest feeling
all the time the child was expected," said Mr. Ken-
wigs, mournfully, " was athinking, if it's a boy, as
I hope it may be, for I have heard it's uncle Lillyvick
say again and again he would prefer our having a boy
next—if it's a boy, what will his uncle Lillyvick say—
what will he like him to be called—will he be Peter, or
Alexander, or Pompey, or Diorgenees, or what will he
be ?' and now when I look at hiss—a precious, uncon-
scious, helpless infant, with no use in his little arms but to
tear his little cap, and no use in his little legs but to kick
his little self—when I see hire e-lying on his mother's lap
cooing and cooing, and in his innocent state almost
achoking himself with his little fist—when I see him such a
infant as he is, and think that that uncle Lillyvick, as was once
a going to be so fond of him has withdrawed himself away,
such a feeling of wengeance comes over me as no Iseguage
can depicter, and I feel as if even that holy babe was a
t telling me to hate him."—Nicholas Nichleby.

PRICE sd.

~;ANUFACTURES OF SAXONY

(From " Porter's Progress of the Nation.")
The cotton manufacture of Saxony has already be-
come of twice the extent that ithad reached before the
union ; while the linen and woollen manufactures of that
country have not experienced any increase. The reason
for this difference is, that the persons engaged in the
latter, which are more ancient branches of ieklustry in
Saxony, are so far " protected," that is necessary to
serve a regular apprenticeship, and to obtain admission
into the guilds or corporations established in the manu-
facturing towns, before any man is allowed to carry on
the business ; while the recently established cotton ma-
nufacture is without restriction or regulation of any
kind, so that any person who can purchase or hire a
loom is at liberty to become a cotton-weaver.
miserably T The i tan
Ineuvrfa manufacturers are g
wages in
i es
Saxony.
encouraged
stated
by the
on
the
best authority, that in October, 1837, " a man em-
ployed in his loom, working very diligently from Mon-
day morning until Saturday night, from five o'clock in
the morning until dusk, and even at times with a lamp,
his wife assisting him in finishing and taking him the
work, could not possibly earn more than 20 groschen
(2i. 6d. sterling) per week ; and that another man, who
had three children, aged 12 years and upwards, all
working at the loom as well as himself, with his wife
employed doing up the work, could not earn in the
whole more than 1 dollar 8 groschen (ss. 4d.) weekly."
The wretched manner iu which the poorer classes in
that country subsist may be inferred from the facts
exhibited by official statistical returns, that the annual
consumption of meat, in the principal manufacturing
districts, including the town of Chemnitz, does not
average more than 28 pounds for each individual of
the population, and that at least one-half of this
quantity consists of pork. If this provision were equally
divided amongst the entire number of inhabitants, it would
amount to scarcely more than half a pound weekly for
each individual ; but, as the actual distribution is, of
course, very different from this, it is very probable there
are many among the labouring artisans who rarely, if
ever, taste animal food. The quantity of cotton hosiery
made in Saxony has increased immensely of late, and
from its cheapness has not only secured the monopoly
of the markets afforded throughout the union, but has
also been shipped largely to the United States, to the
exclusion, so far, of the goods made at Nottingham. It
may be stated, on the respectable authority already
quoted, that cotton gloves are furnished by the Saxon
manufacturers as low as six groschen, or Pd. sterling per
dozen pairs ; stockings at one dollar, or per dozen
pairs ; and nightcaps at eight groschen, or ls. per
dozen. Stout cotton caps, which are worn by the car,
men and common people in that part of Germany
having stripes in six different colours upon a black
grouud, cost 12 groschen per dozen, or lid. sterling
each.

These low prices are not the result of the same cause
which has gradually reduced the cost of production in
this country. Hitherto the machinery used in Saxony
has been of the commonest sort, so that the cheapness
of the manufactured goods has been owing to the low
rate of wages, a rate which compels the artisans to
labour long and diligently, in order to ensure for their
families the scantiest supply of the most common ne-
cessaries of life. The capital of the English manufac-
turer, which empowers him to employ the most perfect
machinery, joined to his greater experience, has hitherto
enabled him to compete successfully in most branches of
skilled labour, but these advantages cannot be long re-
tained in competition with greatly reduced wages. The
profits which the Saxon manufacturers are thence en-
abled to realize will speedily lead to the introduction of
improvements that will place our dearer processes at a still
greater disadvantage, and as it is anything but desirable
that we should retain our present relative position through
the increasing hardships of our operative weavers, there
appears to be but one course open to us, in order to-
avert the evil—that of still further liberalizing our com-
mercial system, and especially of lessening the cost of
the prime necessaries of life, by abolishing all restric-
tions uron the importation of food.
The want of capital, which has hitherto been the
chief obstacle to the still greater extension of the cotton
manufacture in Saxony, would, in time, be remedied by
the successful operation of the existing establishments ;
but the manufacturers in that country, unwilling to wait
for so 'gradual a development of their resources, have
had recourse to the expedient of establishing Joint Stock
Companies. The total capital of associations of this
character that have been recently formed, and which
are now proceeding to the accomplishment of their
various objects, amounted in October, 1837, to nearly
13,000,000 dollars (about 2,000,0001. sterling)—a
large sum for that country, and the greater part of
which is furnished by the bankers and other capitalists
of Leipsic.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES OF

THE UNITED STATES.

The variations and irregularities in the weights and
measures in use in the United States, and which, in
almost each State of the Union, differed from the rest
in a greater or less degree, have on several occasions
attracted the notice of Government and the Legislature
there. Various inquiries were set on foot to ascertain
the extent of these differences, and provide a remedy,
on several occasions, the last being in 1830, pursuant
to an order of Congress. These resulted in reports
made on the subject by the Treasury department, ac-
companied with statements in detail of the mode in
which the examinations were conducted ; and the
comparative verifications obtained. In some in-
stances, it is stated, " the bushel was found to differ
quite six quarts, and the 281 b. weight between
two and three ounces." The differences noted
in the yard-stick were less, although it was
" usually too long." Serious inconveniences were,
of course, found to be experienced at the various
custom-houses from such a state of confusion,
which besides, to importing merchants in particular,
must have been attended with an infinity of trouble, to
say nothing of the risk or actual loss incurred. From
the measures at length adopted a greater uniformity of
system will be ensured for the future, by which the exist-
ing evils will be remedied. In according with the
" authentic units ascertained and recommended" by Mr.
Hassler, a person of high scientific acquirements, on
whom the task was devolved, orders were given for the
preparation of the necessary standard, from which stan-
dard weights have already been " completed and de-
livered to the respective custom-houses." Standard
measures of capacity and length have also been made,
and, after being su‘)jected to the proper tests for com-
parison and final adjustment, would, in like manner, be
distributed at an early period. The following is the
standard scale of proportions for the new weights and
measures :—the avoirdupois pound (which is the pound
of commerce) to be derived from the troy pound of the
mint by the legal proportions of 5,760 grains, which
constitute the troy pound, to 7,000 grains troy, which,
constitute the avoirdupois pound. The liquid measure
to be the wine gallon of 231 cubic inches, and the dry
measure the Winchester bushel of '2,150,42 cubic
inches, according to the standard of 36 inches adopted
as the English yard.
Every care appears to have been taken that the
standards should be fabricated of the best material to
guard against deterioration and incorrectness arising
out of wear and tear. Brass being decided to be the
most suitable material for the standard, and it being
important to have it of the best quality, it was accordingly.
prepared from American zinc ore and the purest copper
to be obtained. The result has been the production of
brass of a very superior quality, prepared in this city
by the superintendent and his assistant.
The adjustment of the standards appears to have
been effected with the most laborious attention and
scrupulous nicety, and must have been a work of con-
siderable difficulty, the extent of which will be under-
stood when it is stated, that " the scale to test the
weights can be turned by a ha'r, and the thinnest silk
paper can be detected on the end of a yard." On the
whole, the accomplishment of an uniform system of
weights and measures throughout the American Union
will be regarded with interest by the mercantile classes
of this and other countries.—Times.

Mr. T. B. Macaulay, M.P., left Edinboro]) c for
London, on Monday evening.—Scottish Pilot.
The " Aurora Borealis" was remarkably vivid
and magnificent in the firmament last night, presenting
one vast shifting flame of light from the northern to tie
southern horizon.—Scottish Pilot of Wednesday.
ELECTIONS AND CABINET
he is not replaocremdebrye
CHANGES.—
Manchester has lost a thorough repealer, in the resigna..
tion of the President of the Board of Trade, and it will
be -a disgrace to the constituency if
mrllompoilnyor consi-
anot her "as pool as he." That the first manufacturing
town in the world, whose very fate depends on freedom of
, u as r
ife
trade constitutional
richer,
fai
lgniraoonra.det
tcrlaads:,instheurcuslls,return o
la :
should
osaNuidil,
nadh-
ioapctoi
make:i
dbfei
et.
d•
&rations, al! party interests, all mere faction politics must
bo made to yield to this.
principles or political doctrines worth, except merely
for this, that they
prosperous, and nationally mare happy. Arc these
ends to he sacrificed to the means ? Or,
commerce decay by restrictions and tariffs, does any man
expect that this kingdom can be saved from ruin, a:vial,
political, and national? Be not deceived. With freedom
good The
eyes
ofofllow ; *without it none
;I's town elect. an anti commercial ad-
owti'ilitiircbaieldeetf every
yr yitoivtathcl.
the country are upon
and revrietton, all professions of dis-
tv:ecsastcwoilfl brneodniorellyiever', and all our complaints of pjustice
to trade, and the crippling
will sound eery of commerce by the land-
oTners,
like humbug and hypocrisy.—
, Cora.hw Circular.

.TOURNEY INTO THE INTEMOR.—The following is
the result of observations on the character and features
of the country forming the peninsula between Lake
Alexandrine and the Gulf St. Vincent, made by the
Governor during a recent journey :
Between the river Torrens, on the north and north-
west, and Encounter Bay, the Lower Murray, and Lake
Alexandrine on the south and south-east, the couttry
is intersected by three great mountain neveies ; the
Mount Lofty, Mount Barker or Great Ironstone, and
Mount Wakefield ranges. The first, after attaining a
central elevation at Mount Lofty of about 2,450 feet
above the level of the sea, falls very gradually to the
south-west, until it terminates in low cliffs on the sea-
shore, between Onkaparinga and the Aldingha
The summit of Mount Barker itself is about twenty
feet higher that Mount Lofty. This elevation, how-
ever, is only continued for about a mile, by from fifty
to 'one hundred yards in width. Beyond these limits,
the ground on all sides drops suddenly for eight
hundred feet, and Mount Barker stands like an
isolatedhill on the great table-land beneath it This table,
land, however, (on which Mr. Dutton, of Syllney, has
just selected a district for special survey), is still about
1,600 feet above the sea. It runs to the south-west in
a broad belt, parallel to the Mount Lofty range ; its
surface covered with beautiful undulations of lightly_
wooded low hills and gentle valleys. At from ten to
fifteen miles' south-west of Mount Barker, it falls ra-
ther suddenly to about 1,200 feet, and becomes covered
with a stringy bark forest. From ten to twenty -miles
further to the south-west, sharp, precipitous ridges, some
of them attaining an elevation of frora 1,800 to 2,000
feet cross it in different directions. Between these,
still upon high table land, are formed the rich valleys of
Miponga, the Upper Finnis, and other streams flowing
severally to the .westward, eastward, and southwarde
Immediately afterwards, enterir"e along the range still
to the south-west, enormous branches strike off towards
the sea, and from heights of from 1,200 to 1,500 feet,
fall precipitously into it along the line of coast, which
extends from Mount Terrible, the southern boundary
of the Aldioghe Plains, to Yankelillab. Other large
branches from the same range shoot off from Miponga
to the eastward of south, and fall with a more gentle
descent towards the great bend of the Lower Murray,
in the neighbourhood of Currency Creek.
Mount Wakefield is scarcely to be considered as a
distinct formation from the Mount Barker, or Great
Ironstone Range ; it is rather a mighty disruption From
its south-western extremity. Between the two, for 25
miles from Yankalillah, in Gulf St. Vincent, to the
mouth of the Inman in Encounter Bay, runs a very
lovely valley, varying from about six to ten miles in
width, well watered, and rich in soil for agriculture, and
in herbage for pasturages. In this valley are " Disabn
Hills," which separate the eastward from Yankalillah.
Their summits are clothed with pastures, and their
height is not above 800 feet above the sea, while that of
the precipitous mountains which bound the valley to the
north and south is from 1,200 to nearly 2,000.
The summit of the Mount Lofty range is narrow.
The summit of the Mount Barker range maintains a
breadth of from six to ten miles, and though hills and
ridges frequently intersect it, their elevation above the
general summit is small as compared with its height
above the level of the sea. Contrary to the ideas which
have generally prevailed concerning the geography of
tVs portion of South Australia, the Mount Barker or
Great Ironstone, and not the Mount Lofty range, is
that which divides the waters which-flow into the Gulf
S. Vincent from those which. fall into the Lower
Murray and Lake Alexandrine. Between the summits
and the great valleys at the base, both in the Mount
Lofty, and the Mount Barker ranges, runs a belt fre-
quently from three to four miles in width, of very thickly
set, narrow, and tortucus spurs. These form at first
sight the greatest obstacles in the way of practicable
roads ; but on research, good passes over them may
almost everywhere be found. The small valleys between
these spurs are very rich and well watered.
The lower slopes of all the mountain ranges are almost
every Where composed of slate. In the Mount Lofty
range it is generally " transition slate," very much re-
sembling the greywacke slate of North Wales. Pro-
ceeding to the eastward or southward, it becomes harder
and of a red colour, and still further to the south it
appears as " flinty slate, mica slate, and hornblende
slate." The surface above the slate is always grassy ;
extensive sheep pastures are upon it. The summit of
Mount Lofty is capped with a highly ferruginous sand-
stone, and large portions of the Mount Barker range,
with a conglomerate of iron-stone and angular pieces of
quartz. Upon the ferruginous sand-stone and the
iron-stone conglomerate were invariably found stringy
bark forest or brush. In the brush, the subjacent rock
was generally covered with strata of sand ; while in the
stringy bark forest, the rock is in a state of partial
decomposition, was nearly bare, or covered with small
pieces of quartz.
The great agents of mountain elevation to the south-
ward appear to have been sicnite, greenstone, and horn-
blende rock ; immense masses of these frequently ap-
pear on the surface in the mountains between Yanka-
lillah and Encounter Bays. The agents of elevation
to the northward appear to have been quartz and
quartz rock ; dykes of these, from eight to ten yards
broad, frequently traverse the more elevated ridges ;
they sometimes pass into tolerably distinctly formed
granite. The iron-stone in the conglomerate
sometimes passes into good compact red ore. Mr.
Finnis found some rich specimens of this mineral on a
mountain to the north of the Inman. The basin of
Adelaide to the west of Mount Lofty range, that of
Aldingha, between the Mount Lofty and Mount Bar-
ker ranges, and probably those of Yankalillah and

Encounter Bays, between the Mount Barker and the
Mount Wakefield ranges, are filled with marine fossil
formation. It lies upon slate, and consists of alterna-
tions of calcareous sandstones, flinty sandstones, clays, ,
and chalky limestones. Some of the beds are very
thick, with well preserved marine fossils. At the base
of Mount Terrible the calcareous sandstone takes a
coarse oolite structure. It is in large solid blocks,
and may, hereafter, become useful freestone.
On a very rough calculation, the great tract of the
country to wllSch these notes refer may be covered—
one-third with and, adapted for agriculture or pastu-
rage, one-third with stringy bark forest, and one-third
with brush or rock. Of the value of the first of these
nothing need be said. The second, the stringy bark
forest, must increase in value with the increase of the
colony, and be an extensive source of future wealth and
convenience ; and concerning the principal part of the
third portion, the brush, it may be suggested, that many
lovely plants flourish in profusion, and when the party
passed through it, such were flowering and flourishing in
great variety and beauty ; the vine, a plant which also
loves a dry soil, ought to bloom luxuriantly. The shrubs
in the brush generally grow in clusters, with broad
clear intervals between ; in these the vine could be
planted at once. These observations have, of course,
reference to flourishing and sheltered portions, the
scrubby and exposed tracts of it can never be of use.—
South Australian Gazette.

FRENCH OFFICERS.—Each officer has to pay a
sum equal to three or four days' pay, and ho has entrance
to any part of the theatre, excegt the family boxes, for one
month. This accounts for seeg so many military officers
in the provincial theatres. Here officers of the French
army are not admitted into the society of the respectable
inhabitants, as they are in England, unless the bear
special letters of introduction ; and as their pay is My one
half what the British officer receives, they would have no
resource but the barrack-room, or the coffee-house, if it
were not for the facility of going to the theatre at a cheap
rate. A stranger is forcibly struck on entering a French
provincial theatre, with the number of officers of the army,
all sitting together, and apparently without having any
acquaintance in the Bourgeois part of the audience. He
will be inclined to suppose that this exclusiveness klthe
fault of the officers, but the contrary is the fact. The
French officer is usually a well-behaved man; but, as in
most cases, be rises from the ranks, the monied aris-
tocracy look down upon him with indifference. It is
only when he attains the rank of Major (Carman-
thnt), or Colonel that his society is sought after.
There is not a class of men in France whose
situation is less to be envied, than that of the French
officer under the rank of a Commandant. His pay is
miserable, and there is no general mess, as in the English
da inney ,at
welln t
which,
eby
societycontributing
o f
his
srjmanydays' pay, he can
superiors. In the French
army the captains have their mess, the lieutenants theirs,
and so on, unless the officer be a married man, in which
i l
case he lives in the barrack room, upen the
most modest
fare. Sometimes, when the regiments are is garrison,
those who can afford it dine at a table d'hotc ; the nm-
her is, however,small, for at lest two-thirds have no orker
resource than their pay ; yet many of these are so econo •
mical in their habits, that they contrite in ten or Meer
years to acquire a sum which enables them to quit the
army and establish themselves in business—for in France
promotion is slow, and all have not the patience to wait for
it. Louis Philipr e, in the hope of attaching the army,
which is s yid not to he well affected towards his dynasty,
more to his interest, has recently augmented the pay ; but
it is ?Ail' far from sufficient to place the officer, as to
his expenditure, in' the position of a gentleman.—Hand-
book to Paris.

PHILADELPHIA, AUG. 13.—1 am truly sorry
to record tl.e commission o' s,vc:ral murders in the south
within the last few days. At Pickensaille, Alabama, Mr.
W. B. Finley was shot by a man named Gerald. At
Selma, Mr. M.Mul!in was killed by James Hamilton. At
Ehzabeth, North Carolina, Mr. Sawyer was stabbed to the
heart by Mr. Greg-Jry. At Pike, Mr. Peterhaugh was
killed by Mr. Mica. At St. Louis, Mr. Brown was
killed by Mr. Buchanan. All -these murders occurred in
street or tavern broils ; and I am glad to ape that the
southern and western press are becoming urgent in their
calls upon the Legislatures to enact laws against the wear-
ing of secret army—the one grand cause, united with in-
temperance in some instances, of so much bbodshed.
The Commerce publishes a letter from St. Peters-
' burgh of the 20th ult., announcing that the Emperor in-
tended 'appointing Count Nessehode, Count Matusche
witz, and Baron Ruchmann, his representatives at the
Congress of Vienna. It crdS believed that Count Orloff
and Lieutenant-General DJ Witt would who repair to the
Austrian capital, the former to watch the proceedings of
the three Russian diplomatists, and the other to sift the
thoughts and secret intentions of the Ministers of the other
Powers.

KO VA L SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
Under itt.r MAJESTY'S IMMEDIATE PATRONAGE.
LAST FETE OF THE SEASON!

On TUESDAY, SETT 10, the ROYAL SOUTH LON-
DON FLORICULTURAL SOCIETY will hold their
GRAND AUTUMNAL FETE and DAHLIA SHOW ;
and award Prizes of Gold and Silver Medals to the successful
Exhibitors of Dahlias, Asters, Hearts-ease, Cut Flowers, Mis-
cellaneous Collections, Orchideous Plants, &c.
GRAND PROMENADES 'MUSICALES ET CRAM-
PETRES,
By the unrivalled Band of this Establishment,
Conducted by Mr. Godfrey.
Exhibition of the Wonderfully-intense and beautiful new Light
KONIAPHOSTIC, _

Under the superintendence of 31r. H. Carter.
And the ERUPTION of MOUNT HECLA.
Admission One Shilling.
Gates open at Ore o'clock.
The Eruption of Hecla, with all the other unique Entertain-
\ merits, every Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday.

HIGH WATER AT LONDDN BRIDGE TO-MORROW.
Morning 44 minutes after 1. I Evening .., a minutes after 2.