The Sun.
London, England, 1837-06-19 00:00:00

LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JUNE 19, 1837.

OFFICE OF COMMISSIONERS, OF COMPENSATION.
No. 25, Great George-street,Westminster, June 16, 1837.
MAURITIUS.
NOTICE is hereby given, that 259 UNCON-
TESTED CLAIMS from the Colony of MAURITIUS
(a List of the Numbers of which may be seen at this Office) will
be taken into consideration on the 23d instant, and that Certificates
of the awards which shall be made upon that day will be deliverable
on SATURDAY, the Bth day of July next. ••
By Order of the Board;
HENRY HILL, Secretary.

STAFFORD'S PATENT SUSPENSION SAFETY COACH.
-M[Rt.hSle G'AFtl FO It
emen fDthtae dkiffesrthtispm.
tea. s
nts ()olf acquainting
the Kingdom,
who have desired to become his AGENTS for GRANTING.
LICENSES for the BUILDING and RUNNING of COACHES,
PRIVATE-CARRIAGES, Etc., upon his suspension and shifting
principle of Gravity (insuring SAFETY in every supposable case
of Danger), that an agreement and form of Licenses, &c., and the
Rates of Mileage, will be transmitted as soon as the terms of
Agency have been agreed upon.
The Deposits will be paid to Mr. Stafford's Bankers, Messrs.
Drummond and Co., through his Solicitor, H. M. Vane, Esq.,
Carlton Chambers, 12, Regent-street, to whom all further applica-
tions may be made, if by letter, post paid.
9, Parliament-street.

THE MARKETS.

COUNTRY CORN MARKETS DURING LAST WEEK.

Wheat. Barley. Oata.

Per Quarter.
Hexh aM ~,,,,..,.,...,
MOrpeti
Penrith
Sh.diehl
Winchester
Per Bushel.
Carmarthen
CowUridSe
Newcastle (Staff.)
Northallerton
Stone
Swansea •••••••00,••••••
Warwick
Per 8011.
Barnardcastle
Durham
Richmond
Stockton

6. to S. I S. to 6.
_ 37 ..

43 CO 25 25
43 CO 28 32

s. to s.
16 22
26 28

Beans.

34 36

67 37
61 /
50 23
s, d. s. d.
7 6 R 0 3 9 4 11:
60 7 0 5 6 0u;
60 6J 36 40'
60 7 3 3 6 46
80 8 6 4 U 48
76 8 6 5 0 56
9 0 10 6 3 0 4ti

25 30
9, d. s. d.
23 24
30 39
90 39
33 40
30 34
23 36
2 0 3 3

32 40
*. d. v. d.
00 00
56 00'
50 53
56 60
60 67
00 00
56 60j

ill 0
113 6
,11
r5O

86 961
96 106
80 86
33 8 ti

74 86
73 90
50 84
5 0 6 0

90 100;
6 0 10 9.
9tl 96
76 8 C

WAKEFIELD CORN MARKF.T—June 16

Pease.

s. to s.
29

32 35

- 43

s el. s. d.
G 0 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00
00 00

76 110
90 106
90 P 0
00 00

Wheat, Red, Norfolk and Suffolk 468. 465. to —s. fine SS.
--.---- Lin. and Cam.
...----. Yorkshire
.----- VVliite
.---- Foreign, feed —s. —a. to —a. fine —s.
White —s. —s. to —s. nne —a.
Barley, Norfolk and Sufliolk
- Lincolnshire
----- Yorkshire Wold
- Foreign
Beans, Old .... ..... 445. to 495. fine —r.
--- New 365. to 40s. fine —s
Oats, Potato 26.5. to 30, fine 34%
--- Poland —a. 28s. to 308. fine 341.
--- Frieziand and Sniat
...--- Mealing
Sholling
~.

Malt - _

—s. 38s. fine 40, per Load.

fidtpeseed 31,. Os 321. Os. —l. Os. per Last.

Aberdean
Berwick
Coldstream
Cupar (Fife
Dundee
Elgin
Inverness

SCOTCH MARKETS.

Wlwat.

Kirkaldy
Perth
Th. a rz,

Bar icy.

46 to 52 2-; to no
44 50 24 •20
32 30 21 24
46 56 126 31
98 58 30 :33
40 50 24 20
42 52 30 36
44 44 23 •8
37 42 23 31
50 56 23 26
of the measure van,

Oat,.

13 to 20
25 27
16 18
IS 22
20 25
16 20
21 28
17 29
3.0 23
20 `;.2
s through,

- LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF CHANCERY, AYE 17.
SIMPSON V. LORD HOWDEN.

Lord Howden has considerable estates on the line pro-
posed for the York and Rotherham Railroad. On the Bill
coming before Parliament his Lordship wished to obstruct
its passing, and opposed it before the Committees of the
Houses of Lords and Commons. The plaintiffs (who are
the Directors and Secretary of the Railroad Company),
anxious to secure the success of the Bill before Parliament,
entered into an agreement with Lord Howden, that if he
would withdraw his opposition to the Bill they would give
him five thousand in money, and use their endeavours to
get another Bill passed during the ensuing session of Par-
liament, altering the line, so as to avoid his Lordship's
estates ; but if they were unsuccessful in their endeavours
to pass the Bill; then that such farther compensation should
be given to his Lordship as should be agreed upon between
him and the Directors. In May, 1836, the agreement was
signed, and the • plaintiffs filed their bill against the de-
fendant at the beginning of the present year, in which they
called upon the Court to stay all proceedings against them,
and to order the agreement to be given up to be cancelled,
alleging the transaction to be a fraud upon the Legislature
and' on the other landholders on the line. Lord Howden
demurred to the bill, for want of equity, assigning that if
the transaction were illegal a Court of law was the proper
tribunal before which to try it. The demurrer came on
for argument, when the Master of the Rolls over-ruled it.
The SOLICITOR GENERAL contended that Lord Howden
had done no more than had been recommended by Com-
mittees of both Houses of Parliament in many instances.
His LORDSHIP would hear the Counsel in support of the
demurrer on Wednesday next.

VICE-CHANCELLOR'S COURT, JUNE 16.
COUNT PEPOLI V. LAPORTE.

Mr. JACOB moved to dissolve the injunction restraining
the defendant from selling the libretto of Malek Add.
The case rested partly on the law of copyright, but princi-
pally upon an allegation that the plaintiff had not fairly
communicated all the material facts when he obtained the
injunction.

His HONOUR said that the injunction must be dissolved,
with costs.

Mr. KNIGHT pressed for a trial at law, on the copyright
question.

His HONOUR permitted a trial on condition that the
ludgment should abide the order of the Court.
SATURDAY, JUNE 17.
VESTRIS V. COOPER PULLIBANK.

Mr. KNIGHT moved to discharge an order obtained in
this cause for dismissing the bill, and also to restrain pro-
ceedings at law against Madame Vestris. In October last
Madame Vestris filed the bill against the defendant, who
had an alias Hooper, for an account and injunction to re-
strain proceedings which he was threatening at law. The
Common injunction was obtained, and the defendant put in
two defective answers. About May last Madame Vestris
became bankrupt. Hooper attempted to prove or to enter
a claim, but was rejected, in consequence of the suit, unless
he would agree to submit all his accounts to the Commis-
sioner. In the meantime Hooper and the assignees came
to some understanding, and instead of his applying for the
customary order for the assignees to elect whether they
would adopt the suit, an order was obtained on the 22d of
May last, upon notice of motion served upon the assignees
only, and with their consent, suggesting that the matters
had been since accommodated, and dismissing the bill, with-
out costs. Of this motion no notice was served on Ma-
dame Vestris's solicitor, and she was advised by her Coun-
sel that:she had no right to interfere in it. Shortly after-
wards an arrangement between Madame Vestris and her
creditors who had proved took place, and an order was
obtained in the Court of Review with the assent of Ma-
dame Vestris, and the assignees annulling the fiat. Hooper
having got rid of the injunction by the order dismissing the
bill immediately arrested Madame Vestris for the alleged
balance of his account. From that arrest she was dis-
charged for some informality, and as she was in momentary
apprehension of another arrest, the present motion was
made, which, if granted, would have the effect of reviving
the injunction.
Mr. JACOB opposed the motion, and. insisted the order
was perfectly regular.
His HONOUR thought this the most unjust thinc, that
-had ever occurred. The defendant insisted upon the va-
lidity of the order that had been obtained, and at the same
time wanted to go on at law. He could not conceive any
thing more monstrous. The order had been obtained upon
a representation that matters had since been accommo-
dated, and then, it being insisted the order shall stand, the
defendant takes advantage of it and insists upon proceed-
ing at law. The order was originally wrong, and it was a
very fit thing it should be discharged at the cost of the de-
fendant.

COURT OF KING'S BENCH, JuA? 17.
PHILLIPS V. COLE.

This was an action upon a promissory note for 501.,
drawn by the defendant, payable to his own order, and in-
dorsed by him to one Alvez, and by him to the plaintiff.
The defendant pleaded that he had received no considera-
tion for making the note ; that he had delivered it to Alvez
to get it discounted, and could not get it back.
Mr. HUMPHREY, for the defendant, said the defendant
was a gentleman residing at Brompton, and the action was
brought by the plaintiff, a clothier residing in Holywell-
street, Strand. In January, 1837, Mr. Cole saw an ad-
vertisement in the newspapers of money to lend ; and really
he was surprised, after the exposures which had taken
place of those swindlers who advertised, that anybody out
of their teens could be found to trust them for one farthing.
Application in this case was to be made to Mr. Williams,
Duke-street, Portland-place. The plaintiff called, and was
introduced to this Mr. Williams, who proposed that he
should draw two promissory notes, one for 601., and ano-
ther for 50/. Williams told him to leave these notes with
him, and he would get a friend to discount them, and he
received the following acknowledgment Williams ac-
knowledges to have received of Mr. Cole two promissory
notes, one for 50/. at three months, and one for 60/. at
six months, for negotiating on terms, of which 10/. to
Williams, on Mr. Cole receiving the 110/." The defend-
ant called two or three times ; he had one bill sent back,
because it was on a wrong stamp, and the other he could
not get into his hands. The real name of this man Wil-
liams was Alvez, and that Winter Hart, Richardson,
Palmer, and Alvez were one gang ; and he was surprised
that the opulent firm of Hart, Richardson, Palmer, and
Co., should have brought this action for so small a sum.
Alvez had undertaken to Ruthveu to be here to-day, and
had said that the
gang
had deceived him, and he would
speak the whole truth, but he had now vanished. The
bill bad been obtained by fraud, and that was the only
issue they had to try.
After hearing evidence, the Jury gave a verdict for the
plaintiff. Damages, 51/. ss.

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, JUNE 17.
SIGGERS V. SNOW, PAUL, AND OTHERS.

The plaintiff is a tailor, residing in the Strand, and the
defendants are bankers, also residing in the Strand. The
action was brought to recover damages, in consequence of
the injury sustained by the plaintiff, by reason of the defen-
dants having refused to pay his check for 30/., although, as
he alleged, they had at the time it was drawn 39/. 16s. 3d.
in hand. The case, which possessed little interest except
to the parties, occupied the greater part of Friday, and the
whole of Saturday, down to a quarter-past eight o'clock.
The Jury returned a verdict for the defendants.

COURT OF EXCIIEQUER, JUNE 17.
FASHIONABLE TAILORS.—IMPORTANT DECISION.
BUROHART V. HALL AND °TITERS.
In this case, the plaintiff, a tailor, carryinc, on business
in Clifford-street, sought to recover from the defendants,
the executors of the late Captain Nesbitt, the sum of
2,154/., being the amount of his bill incurred for articles of
wearing apparel during 1828, 1829, and 1830. The de-
fendants pleaded infancy, to which the plaintiff rejoined, that
the articles supplied were " necessaries ;" whereupon issue
wasjoined.
Mr. ERLE, in stating the case, said that, although the
amount of the plaintiff's bill and the 'quantity of clothes
supplied to the minor might appear somewhat extraordinary,
it must be borne in mind that the deceased, Mr. Nesbitt,
was a gentleman probably of a capricious turn of mind, and
was a young man who was mingling in the most fashionable
society, and was represented as heir to an income amount-
ing to 7,000/. into possession of which he would come on
attaining the age of 21. Many of the articles ordered by
Mr.Neshitt were of the most costly and expensive descrip-
tion ; but the Jury, in determining as to what were " neces-
saries," that being the sole question at issue, were not to
confine themselves to what would merely clothe the de-
ceased, but what were necessary for a gentleman keeping
the company Captain Nesbitt had, and holding a commission
in the Life Guards. The whole question, in point of fact,
was, were the articles furnished by the plaintiff necessaries
or were they not ? Then, taking the habits of a gay young
man, who was mixing with the most fashionable of the fa-
shionable world, into con,ideration, he bad no doubt but

PRICE sd.

that the Jury would award a verdict to the plaintiff for the
whole amount of his demand, every shilling of which, had
Captain Nesbitt lived, would have been paid.
After evidence had been entered into at considerable
length, the jury found a verdict for the defendants.

EXCHEQUER CHAMBER.
CORNISH AND CO. V. KEENE AND CO.

This important patent cause came on on Saturday in
the form of " writ of error." It was argued before Chief
Justice DENMAN and ten judges. The argument was
opened for the defendant by Mr. CURRIE, who quoted many
of the old decisions of the Courts. The ATTORNEY-GE-
NERAL, for the plaintiffs, argued at great length, showing
his profound knowledge of the law, it being a mere dry
question of law. The Court, after the defendant's Coun-
sel had replied, was cleared, and the Judges sat in delibera-
tion, when they decided in favour of the plaintiffs, giving to
them double costs. This case, which has been through
every Court, is one of great importance to patentees—the
defendants hating been defeated in Chancery by injunc-
tion, Common Pleas in the first trial, and discharge of
rule for new trial, and now in Exchequer. The costs in
a suit like this are tremendous, and few patentees have either
money or inclination to go through it. Our readers will
remember this was an infringement of one of Mr. Sievier's
patents for India-rubber-webbing by Keene.

SHERIFFS COURT, JUNE 17.

DE SALIS AND THE GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY.

In this case, which occupied some hours in investigating,
it appeared that the claimants were the sons of the late
Count Peter De Salis, who had possessed considerable
freehold and other property in the neighbourhood of
Hayes. The above company required a portion of the
estate for their line, and the claimants appeared as devisees
under the probate of the will of the late Count, to seek
compensation for the loss of the same.
Mr. POLLOCK stated the case, The plaintiffs were the
sons of the late Count De Salis, and were possessed of
certain freehold land, situate in the parish of Harlington,
in Middlesex. A field, forming part of it, bounded on the
north by the Grand Junction Canal, was cut asunder by
the line of railway running through it, and which field
was described in the pla❑ before the jury, and would be
known to them by being coloured red, and marked by the
letter " B." The jury would have not only to give com-
pensation for the value of the land as adapted to agricul-
tural purposes, but to award compensation for the pe-
culiar and valuable soil it consisted of, known by the
name of brick earth.
Mr. William Crake, surveyor, of Quebec-street, examined
by Mr. AUSTEN. The plans produced were prepared un-
der his instructions, and were correct. That part of the
field coloured red was proposed to be taken by the railway
Company, and consisted of five acres, three roods, and
thirty-three perches. He had surveyed the land with a view
to the present inquiry, and valued it at 594/. 7s. Gd. He
considered the land in that situation was worth 1001. per
acre as agricultural land. In one part there is a stratum of
brick earth, with the nature of which he is acquainted,
having formerly been an extensive brickinaker. The rent
upon earth for making bricks, per thousand, varies from
Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd., that is, independent of grass-rent, which
a brickmaker has to pay during the time he occupies the
land in making his bricks. He had caused holes to be
opened for the purpose of satisfying himself of the quality of
the earth, and had put a rent of Is. Gd. per thousand on
bricks to be made from it. He bad calculated that twenty
millions of bricks might be made from that part of the land
coloured red. He had calculated the value of the brick-
earth itself to be 3,0001., and the deterioration in the value
of the land B, by means of severance, at 15s. per acre per
annum, which, at thirty years' purchase, would make
1121. 10s. The lots of trees he had valued at 101.
Sir WILLIAM FOLLETT addressed the Jury on the part
of the Company.
The UNDER-SHERIFF summed up. The Jury retired ;
and, after three quarters of an hour's deliberation, they re-
turned into Court, and assessed the damages 1,3161. 17s. 6d.

PREROGATIVE COURT, JuxE 17.

BARKER V. GODWIN AND BARKER.

This is a suit respecting the validity of the will of Mrs.
Elizabeth Barker, who died at the age of about eighty
years, on the '29th of December last, at Crediton, near
Winchester, in the county of Hants. The will, after be-
queathing a few legacies, gives the whole residue of the
property to the only surviving brother of the deceased, by
whom it is propounded, and is opposed by several nephew a
and nieces, who would be entitled in distributio❑ in case of
an intestacy, on the grounds that the deceased was not of
testamentary capacity, and that the will was obtained
from her through the undue influence of the party princi-
pally benefitted. The details of the case have been already
published.
Dr. ADDAMS was again heard this day in opposition to
the will, and submitted that it had been fraudulently ob-
tained.

After hearing Dr. HAGGARD,
The Learned JUDGE expressed his intention of giving
judgment in the next Session.

INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, Juxt: 16.
Thomas Liley was opposed by Mr. WOODROFFE on the
part of a creditor named Boulter, and supported by Mr.
CooKE. This case presented features of hardship. The
insolvent had been a stage-coachman, driving a coach out of
Birmingham. He had saved money, had his comforts
around him, and some time ago he was called off his coach
to witness, as he understood, a paper ; lie put his name to
it, without knowing its contents. Subsequently it turned
out that he had become liable for five hundred pounds,
haviag signed a warrant of attorney as the principal to
that amount, and not as a witness. His property was
sold, and realised 133/. He took advice on the point,
and came up to London, in order to move the Court of
King's Bcnch to vacate the judgment entered up, on the
ground of fraud. For that purpose affidavits were drawn,
and the Court about to be moved, when the insolvent was
arrested by the opposing creditor, and no further proceed-
ings were adopted. The insolvent petitioned the Court,
stating he had only three creditors, and his insolvency had
been occasioned by becoming liable in the manner stated.
Mr. Commissioner BOWEN stated that no one could feel
more strongly than he did for the poor man, and ordered
his immediate discharge.

The poor fellow, rho wept at the recital of his misfor-
tunes, was discharged accordingly.

As the publication of " The Standard Novels," by
Mr. Bentley, of New Burlington-street, goes on, its already
extensive popularity, no less than the interest of the collec-
tion, increases. The series embodies the finest works of the
great masters of modern fiction ; consequently, there will be
found in it all the variety comprised in the world of romance,
such as the national stories of Cooper (author of " The Pilot,"
&c.), the eloquent and vivid painting of Bulwer, the comedy
of Hook, the granduer of Beckford, the Oriental pictures of
Hope and Moricr, the intense interest of Godwin, the fami-
liar portraiture of life of Miss Austen, the grace and humour
of Washington Irving, the truth and originality of Galt, the
force of Banirn, the historical romance of James (author of
" Darnley"), the vivid stories of Grattan, the exquisite nar-
ratives of the Misses Lee, Mrs. Brunton, Mrs. Shelley, the
Miss Porters, and the military recitals of Maxwell (author of
" Stories of Waterloo"). To these are added, the choicest
productions of Victor Hugo, Manzoni, Madame de Steel,
Schiller, Chateaubriand, and other foreign writers. All the
works are the exclusive copyrights of the proprietor, who, iu
publishing them in the present form, with prefaces and notes
by the respective authors, has furnished to the world the
best and cheapest body of romance extant.
ALGIERS AFTER THE RHANIADAN.—" Shortly
afterwards the Rhamadan, the long lent of the Mahonietans,
ended; and for some days subsequently nothing was to be seen
but the Moors and -Arabs, dirty and ragged at other times. in
grand gala in all the streets, attired in handsome, variegated
dresses. When acquaintances meet, they embrace and kiss
each other's shoulders very affectionately ; the lower classes
execute all kinds of dances ; and young men drive outside the
gates in a sort of low carriage, the prettiest, cleanest, little
Moorish boys, who at this time abound in the place. It ap-
peared to me a quiet, amiable custom, and it gave great joy to
the children. The contrast was striking with the dirty, dis-
gusting crowds of ordinary days, when one requires ten eyes
to avoid being run over by lin ass, or a basket of vegetables, a
long plank, or a slaughtered sheep, carried on men's heads. The
most noisy place, however, is the Jewish quarter, through
which often there is no passing. Here hundreds of these chil-
dren of Israel, in a state of disgusting filth, and with deafen-
ing cries, offer their wares for sale, not alone in their shops,
but personally decorated with them from head to foot; and
not one of them cries Make way,' but rushes blindly forward
right or left, like wandering mice, which, you know, avoid no
obstacle."—•Seuiilasso in Africa, by t e German Prince.
THE WAR IN SPAIN.—Mr. Colburn, of Great
Marlborough street, has just published a volume under the
title of " Spain, and the Seat of War in Spain," by Herbert
Byng Hall, Esq., late Captain of 7th Royal Mitish Fusileers,
containing a detilil of the most important transactions which
have occurred during this eventful contest. As proceeding
from the pen of an officer of Captain Hall's ability, and an
eye-witness of the scenes described, the work must be regarded
as a valuable chronicle of the remarkable events which have
lately taken place in the seat of war, and of which the public
have hitherto received but a confused and necessarily contra-
dictory account. The book deserves the attentive perusal of
all who take an interest in Spanish affairs,

We invite public attention to the following abl,i
article from the Allgenzeine Zeitung on the subject c
the capture and confiscation of the Vixen by Russia..
Notwithstanding the evident partiality of the writer,
and the ingenuity with which he distorts facts, where_
on to found a justification of what the most enlight-
ened jurists have pronounced an infraction of the law
of nations, it is plain that he relies more upon the
timidity 'of the British Cabinet for the consemation of
the peace of Europe, than upon its conviction of the
justice of the Czar's pretensions. This is unfortu-
nate; and if the opinion become general, will not fail
to expose our flag to fresh insults. Such a conse-
quence of the conduct of England towards Russia,
was, however, foreseen and pointed 'out to Lord Pal-
merston from the moment it was resolved to take no
part in the Polish struggle. Having sown the wind,
we now reap the whirlwind.

Among the questions which now excite the attention of
the nations of Europe, that of the seizure of the Vixen
stands in the first rank. The circumstances are well known
—the motives and connection of the affair not quite so well
—as, in consequence of some recent declarations on the
part of Lord Palmerston, who approved the objects of the
voyage, it would appear as if the English judges were about
to be summoned in .consequence, to form a sort of Areo-
pagus, to deliberate upon the right of nations, and upon
European affairs in general. But as Russia would not sub-
mit to the sentence of such a court, we think England
would not open it ; so that there remains to the owners of
the Vixen but one possibility to recover a portion of the
damage they have sustained; which is to throw themselves
on the mercy of the Emperor. They would thus, like
Mr. Churchill, at Constantinople—if we may be allowed
the comparison—be in the first place well be-cudgelled, and
in the second loaded with presents. A well-informed
correspondent from the Lower Elbe has already dwelt
ably upon the question in the columns of the Altgemeine
Zeitung ; but he has not Done back in his commmunica-
tions to the treaty of Adrianople, but has in preference
grappled with the question of the blockade, a very difficult
one, and which leads to quite different results. The
matter should, however, be looked upon in all its bearings,
if we wish to discover its true complexion. All the ques-
tions which it raises, find their solution in the proportion
which the territory of the Abascians bears to the whole
country, as it was on their coast that that rash deed (the
blockade) took place. The Abascians, who, to the num-
ber of 40,000 families, inhabit the western skirts of the
Caucasus, and the valleys which lie between that mountain
chain and the sea coast, are descended from the aboriginal
inhabitants of the land, and have ever been iubject or tri-
butary to the Bvzantians, or Turks. They were converted
to Christianity by the former, and to Mahomedanism by
the latter, without ever having been very deeply imbued
with the principles of either. The Turks occupied three
points upon their coast— Anapa, Sudschuk-Kale, and
Soghum-Kale, which they held for the facility of carrying
on a traffic in slaves from the Caucasus, who were for
ti. most part taken in the wars between the different
tribes. The female captives, remarkable for their beauty,
often fetched a high price, and made this commerce ex-
tremely prof table. The Abascians had possession of all
the remainder of the coast, and fed their flocks unmo-
lested, even under the very walls of these three towns.
Kuba, at the mouth of the Onzil, Hori, Isgeur
(once a populous and wealthy town), Dioskurias, Drink,
Psat, and others, were left freely to the Abascians, with the
exception of a small tribute which they paid, not to the
Turks, but to the Persians. They lived by the cultivation
of their fields, and gardens, and the breeding of cattle, the
produce of which, especially honey, wool, and skins, they
exchanged for various commodities brought to them by sea,
especially for salt, of which article there is a great scarcity
in the Caucasus. After the Russian power had extended
itself to their border-stream, the Kuban, and after The
Mingralians and Georgians had made good their footing in
the Caucasus, it became of the greatest consequence to the
Russians to possess the line of coast, not only because their
possession of it would block out their enemy in the Cau-
casus from the sea, but because it would open a more con-
venient passage to their own trans-Caucasian provinces, by
sparing them the passage over the mountains, and through
the territories of the numerous hostile tribes, by whom
every step they took was contested. They in conse-
quence took the opportunity, during the war with the
Porte, which was ended by the treaty of Bucharest in 1812,
to seize hold of the three towns in Abascia which we have
already mentioned, and which had been abandoned by
the Turks from their inability any longer to defend them.
It is true that the sixth article of this treaty stipulates that
the Russians, into the heart of whose empire Napoleon had
at this time penetrated, should give up all their conquests
from the Turks in Asia ; but, notwithstanding, that the
possession of these towns was looked upon in Russia, espe-
cially by the army, as of the utmost importance, the Em-
peror Alexander, rather than incur the reproach of the
non-fulfilment of the article, and of ingratitude towards a
Power that made peace with him when the French were in
possession of Moscow, took upon himself to withdraw his
garrisons from the Abascian coast. This fulfilment of the
treaty, however, laid the basis of a renewed feeling of hos-
tility on the part of the Porte, which was increase by the
Greek insurrection, and ultimately led to the war which
was brought to a conclusion by the treaty of Adrianople.
By this treaty the Porte abandoned these towns to the
Russians—not indeed by name, but the stipulation was
contained in the fourth article, which gave the coast of the
Black Sea, from Anapa to St. Nicola, that is to say, the
;hole of Abascia, to Russia. Since that time Russia
has acted as the lawful possessor of the territory in
question, and has founded many establishments ; among
other Redout-Kale, which has been declared a free port,
and which at one tim:3 promised to become the staple
mart of the trade with Tiflis. Owing to some ill-judged
custom-house regulations, its importance has since de-
creased, and the trade of the place has been transferred to
'l'rapezant. The question now is, has Russia or not a right
to the possession of this coast ? It is clear that Turkey had
the power to cede to Russia, by the treaty of Adrianople,
the three points in question which she possessed, and could
not, moreover, if it had been her interest to do so, have
ceded the hills, vales, coasts, and havens of Abascia, which
she did not possess, any more than the man in the moon.
The Russians, then, are justly in possession of Anapa,
Soghum-Kale, aad Sudschuk-Kale, and occupy these places
as England does Gibraltar, without pretending to be in pos-
session of Spain, or of points on the west coast of Africa,
or without pretending to any right at all over the coast of
Africa.

But perhaps Russia is de facto in possession, and founds
her right in conquest? Such a claim has at least never been
promulgated in Europe. Russia cAnnot scud her caravans
or make her military roads to Tiflis through the convenient
lands of Abascia to the sea, but is obliged to penetrate over
the mountains for that purpose. The 'Abascians are the mas-
ters of their own country as before, and the Russian flocks
can only pasture under the protection of the cannons of
Anapa. The garrisons are shut up in the toww, and single
divisions, when they carry on any hostilities beyond their
walls, generally have the -worst of it. In the midst of this
state of things, the Vixen arrived at Soghum-Kale, a town
originally Turkish, and for several days carried on trade and
intercourse with the ❑atives. Russia, who came. into pos-
session of the coast at the end of a very long and hardly-

contested war, would, if such practices were allowed, be
driven out of her possessions. Russia, who was Le:ther de
jure nor de facto in possession of Abascia, held only certain
positions, originally Turkish, which had become hers, and
in which she maintained garrisons and carrial on trade.
What then appears the real state of the matter? Russia,
at war with the inhabitants of this line of coast, maintain:',l
her pretensions by force of arms. She had, in consequence,
as a belligerent power, the undoubted right of blockading
the coast of her enemy, whether she considered them in the
light of rebels, or looked upon them as a foreign nation. She,
in consequence, ordered the blockade, and contented her-
self by giving notice two years since that such was the
fact to the several ambassadors of foreign powers at the
Court of the Sultan. England, however, did not make it
officially known in the Gazette, whether because her Mi-
nisters thought that the notification had not arrived itt
the ordinary course, or that it was not of sufficient im-
portance. The blockade, however, did not de ju-e exist
as far as England was concerned, and Lord Palmerston
contented himself by referring the captain of the Vixen to
the Gazette when .he asked for information. Another
question is, whether the blockade of this coast actually
existed, and was put into effectual operation ? The sea
along the coast is extremely stormy, changeable, and in-
secure, and the land overrun by hostile tribes. An actual
blockade of GO mile's of such a coast was impossible. A,
few points only could be shut up, and these only at certain
times, so that a blockade of the Abascian coast would not
be much better than a blockade on paper, as our corre-
spondent from the Lower Elbe very justly remarked in one
of his communications. Here another question presents
itself. Russia explains that at one point of her Abasciau
possessions she had notified certain regulations to guard
against the introduction of the plague, and certain prohi-
bited articles of commerce. These regulations the Vixen
had directly infringed by her intercourse with the Abas-
cians. Here, then, was a thrgifold breach-.a breach of
the blockade, of the sanitory laws, and of the custom-
house laws ; and of the two last there could be no doubt
whatever that the Vixen was guilty. Either of thess
Offences was enough to bring her within the jurisclietie!i
of Russia, after the explanation of the St. Peter.cbufgTi
Gazette of the arrival-ot.the Vixen in a harbour frequentel
by the Abascians, of the intercourse of her crew with tha

latter, and of the trade and barter between the English mer-
chants and the independent inhabi!ants of the Caucasus.

Under these circumstances, what is there to come un-
der the consideration of the Court suggested by Lord
Palmerston ? A vessel of the English nation, under
the English flag, and under the protection of the
English laws, carries on a traffic, with the independent
inhabitants of the coast, is seized by a power at peace with
England, and conveyed to a Russian port. The ship and
lading are considered as lawful prizes, the crew are detained
in custody, and, after some delay, are taken to Constanti-
nople, and there set at liberty. If this be the:state of the
matter, what is there to inquire into ? Certainly nothing
which is unknown- to the opposing party ; but this will be
disputed. Russia declares herself in possession of the
land, and treats the coast of it as her own property.
Whoever lands upon this coast lands in Russia, who has
established her custom-houses and her quarantine upon the
different stations. Whoever breaks through these offends
against the laWs of Russia ; and, being guilty, has no
right to expect any grace. This is the Russian view
of the question. The consideration of the rights of na-
tions presents itself in answer to any objections raised
by the either side. It is of importance, however, to the
rest of Europe, that the principles put forward by Eng-
land should be closely determined ; and her rights, if she
possesses any in this matter, protected from the inter-
pretation put upon them by the opposing party. For her
there exists but one tribunal to which to submit the ques-
tion, and that is the tribunal of the assembled Judges of
the Crown. These twelve Judges form the Grand Council
of the Crown in all juridical and public questions. Be-
fore this Council the Solicitor-General will be instructed
to lay the various diplomatic notes and documents con-
nected with this transaction, together with the treaties and
the exceptions to them, with all the geographical, statistical,
and other details necessary to the due understanding of this
important subject, and the formation of a correct and im-
partial judgment. Whatever they conclude will not be a
decision between Russia and England, or the expression of
a tribunal by whose decision Russia has consented to abide,
but an opinion upon English law for the satisfaction of the
Ministers of the Crown, by the highest and purest legal
authorities in the realm, in case that the question of peace
or war between Russia and England should ever come to
be discussed before Parliament. What steps England
would deem it advisable to take should the opinion of the
Judges be in accordance with the view taken by the Mi-
nistry, we will not anticipate ; but we must observe, that
it is England oaly who can determine whether peace or
war is to be the result of the question. Great interests
are at stake on the issue—for two great nations, the
most powerful in the world. The first cannon fired in such
a war would shake both empires, not only in their exterior
but their interior ; and, after a twenty years' peace, draw
all Europe into the vortex of war. The case of the l'lren
is the symptom of a state of things, the mischievous agitation
of which will be felt from the Ganges to the North Sea, and
from the Tagus to the wall of China. While upon both
sides there is so much to be feared from a hasty or pee-
judiced decision, there is again much to be hoped that no
means will he left untried by either to prevent an unfavour-
able termination to this unhappy dispute. England bas ap-
peeled to her highest tribunal upon this grand question of
international law, and Russia has answered the appeal by
a quiet exposition of all the facts. The latest French and
English journals inform us that an lonian vessel, called
the Sun Nicole, bearing the English flag, and comity/
Gem Samsun on the Tureo-Asiatic coast of the Black
Sea, had been seized by the officers for contravention
of the custom-hence regulations. A Sardinian trabacolo,
the JVlgria Felipe, and an Austrian geolette from Ragusa
trading with Varna, had been seized on the open sea by
Russian vessels, and compelled to return. New vessels of
war had also been launched from Nicolajew to protect the
pretensions and support the precautions of Russia. If this
ieformation be correct, it would appear filet Russia has
taken de
,facto possession of the Black Sea, while England
is deliberating upon her right to a narrow slip of the coast
of the mountainous and pour Abascia. It appears by this,
that Ressia alone knows her own will, and is mistress of her
GW3 motives. Ti,c embarrassment cause] by the affair of
the Vixen may, after all, not be so great at the Court of
St. J.enes'. as is imagined at St. Petersburg, and es the
Abbe de la Mennais, in his journal Le Monde, also seems
to heliere, when he says that En:4lam] has lost the sense of
her own dignity, and is falling into decay. Whether, as the
Learned Abbe maintains, Pitt wculd, in circumstances si-
milar to those of the Vixen, have had recourse to the sword
at: once, without taking the opinion of the legists, may just
as reasonably be bilked as the assertion that • Lord Pal-
merston will not end therewith.