The Sun.
London, England, 1837-10-23 00:00:00

MERTHYR IRON TRADE.

The Iron Trade is exceedingly brisk at present—orders arc
now refused unless for completion at some distant period at all
the works. The demand for Railroad Iron is enormous.
The tails for the Great' Western are made at Dowlais, and are
inspected previous to shipment by Mr. Bratnali, who is here
With his great-skill and experience on belt.:lf of the Company.
The wages are being advanced, and the general prospects of
the neighbourhood.are higher than they have been for a con-
siderable *period. ' The two new Furnaces at VnyA-fach will
be Voisin in the course of a month ; and they 1;6.1 form, tore.
ther with the two former erections and the additional Engine
llause, one of the prettiest works in the Kingdethi. These
two Furnaces were built by the late Watkin George, Esq.,
and have, together with the Engine, worked for a long series
of.,years with scarcely. any repairs. The Cyfarthfa seven
FUrnaces are in full operation, affording (in addition to Bars
and Rails (wo may call it the raw material, the Pig Iron, for
the Ne4ridge Tin Works, the Staffordshire Forges, and the
Belgian. Market, while the fourteen Furmlees of Dowlais
proudly •'blaze away in full power to execute the orders
of the world. At Penydarran the five Furnaces and
powerful Mills of Messrs. Thompson, Foreman, and Co.; are
all actively employed ; and the six Furnaces of Plymouth
.(three of then), the largest in the world) keep the puddling
furnaces an:l rolling mills of Pentrebach in constant action.
Would that we could induee our own iron masters or stranger
speculators to manufacture our iron into the various useful
things In our domestic economy. The tools of the very work-
men are made at Sheffield or ifirmingham, and probably from
the very iron daily issued from our forges. With bitumin-
ous coal on both sides of our valley ; with iron made from
nature as well as from some of die richest ores foreign lo-
calities can send us ; with immense water power, a splendid
outlet at the new port of Cardiff, and every facility nature
can provide for a large and industrious population, we
_surely
ought to find the skill, the capital, and the entirprize neces-
sary for so desirable a consummation. Are we to go on in
the old. fashioned, hum-drum way, subject to all the ebbs and
flows of a very uncertain trade—prices now extravagantly
high, and again, absurdly low, with the fatal consecptenoo of a
discontented and excitahle HtltiatteM-,--a large encampment
sent merely tu tllsAust the mine and coal, and then to fall to
riot, roin,'and -decay ? or are we to have tke capitalists of ow
neighbourhood showing an example to the tradescoeu of the
town, and offet ing to them the intlincnntent or new manufac-
tures, a greater divisign of labour, fresh competition, and a
b mindless field for the ingenuity and welfare of future gene-
rations ? Would that our humble effots could rouse oar
great neighbourhood to a sense of what: Orrsnia be tif)r true
posit ion.

11,1erthxr Oto‘4lll, kke, a second Birmingham, while Newbritlge
Sher hold u 4 her model, Tile Port of (Atcd,if(wQ4l4

RPIRIT OF `HU Joutt-NA,

WO refer With pet:uliar satisfactiop to tikil!'..keedingS M tt
pttbliti dinner tliQ No? iitirham itelOfth Socivin which
tiolisunt ql hie in rtaati44 telumo. Tbe-gpeet.h n
tho Ihri of !Milian) in peril-4,11ns is worthe of his high reilh-
tetitilli itnd much „good tilust be prod:wed by the sealionable
Whim of his Lordship to the Reformers throughout the,
country, Lord Durham oppeals to his speeches at GiaßgtOrt
and Dundee fora proof that The more vimmient Radicals, it Ito
condemn his moderation as a departure from his forme, prin.
clelee labour under a strange delusion. He told }he work.
!lig classes of these towns, that however strongi;- he was at •
tacked to household suffrage, vote by ballots and annual Par-
liaments, and though he should everae• ready to declare his
attachment in his place in ParliareSe_ut, he never could, and
never would, force them down'Alcallv on the consideration of
the Government or the'er)7.ntry. iris Lordship proceeded to
observe—
l'hat 4sys'ever unchangeable my attachment to these
be, if, on a division, this meeting were to decide.
u' oist me cn any or every one them, I would not press
th ‘ns omi your consideration, any more than 1 wou:il press them
moron the consideration' of the people before they were pre-
pared to receive them, because, if I have read history right,
when great changes in the polity of states have miscarried, it
has been when these who proposed them have eedeavoured
to
force their doctrines on the people before they acre ripe to
receive them ; whereas the true and wise Reformer, he who
prepares the ground, sows the seed, and effords.time for its
ripening, when the season fur reaping the harvest arrives, a ill
have the proud satisfaction of having attained an object of the
highest importance to his country without having forced it
against the feelings and convictions of his countrymen.._.
(Great cheering.) Such have been, and such always will be,
my principles. Such has been, and always will be, my course
of conduct. While I live, depend upon it a will never lose
sight of those measures which I think best calculated to pm-
mote the honour and the interests of the country; but, at the
same time, I will never refuse to give the freest scope to the
arguments and recliners of those even who differ from me in
opinion.—(Cheers.)"
The mistake to which Lord Durham here alludes is ono
which persons of limited experience are but too apt to com-
mit. Min is a creature of habit, and yet hew common is it to
find persons elm would at once force measures on the country
at variance with all the habits of the people, merely because
these measures are, abstractedly considered, in themselves
good. The Minister who goes before public opinion is as
likely to dissatisfy as the Minister who lags too much behind,
It was the great fault of the Tories that they never knew
when to change ; and by resisting reforms till they were lite-
rally extorted by force, they contrived to rob the Government
of the moral force necessary to its ssfety, by a blind and be-
sotted partiality to the injustice which it was Ito ioniser pos-
sible to uphold. But, on the other hand, twine of the Radicals
most unreasonably condemn Ministers because they do not err
in the other extreme, by pressing reforms for which the coun-
try is not prepared. We gave an instance in point in our
notice of an article in the forthcoming London and IVest-
minster Review, in which 'Ministers are blamed for not at
once proposing a root-and-branch reform of the Church
of England—a policy which would assuredly fail, from
the opposition it would create. Lord Durham enters oueliet
delicate question, an organic reform of the llouse of Lords,
and examines the various schemes which have been proposed.
Ile arrives at the conclusion that" an elective house of Lords
is an absurdity and a moral impossibility. If. you come to the
question whether or not there should he a second House of
Assembly, that is a very different matter ; but as it has not
been yet mooted I need not discuss it now. :But while you
have a House of Lords, I do say that the materials for making
it elective are not to be, and cannot be, found in this country."
Into this knotty question we will not now enter; but this we,
however, observe in passing, that in eases of collision be-.
twcen the two Houses some means must be found of remedy-
ing the evil. Lord Dorham dwelt on the importance of the
ballot, and assigned several cogent reasons for the adoption of
this measure. The " No Popery" cry, which, though scouted
by all men of sense and reflection, has yet had its effect on
the last elections, is examined in a very masterly manner by
his Lordship. He exposes with happy ridicule time elwurditv
,of time notion thai the Church is in danger from the Catholics:,
'and then proceeds to the practical question, how the Irish Ca-
tholics are to be dealt with
" In Ireland," says his Lordship, " you find seven millions
of Catholics to one million of Protestants; and I believe I
exceed their number when I say they amount to a
( Hear.) The Catholics, noteithstanding centuries of Tory
persecution, have grown up in wealth, industry, and educa-
tion.—( Hear, hear.) They are seven millions of our fellow-
aubjects.—( Cheers.) They are not • aliens'—(Tremendous
cheers)—but part and parcel of the Bfitish empire.—(Re-
newed cheers.) Now, Gentlemen, I will esk you what you
will do with them ? You cannot exterminate them-=you
cannot, as was once recommended, put Ireland under water if
you wished it. 'How tire we to deal with them ? Now„ only
mark the tendency, the inevitable consequence, of the Tory
policy. The Tories tell us—and this is the ground-work on
which the) seek to obtain your confidence—the Tories tell
us, and the columns of their newspapers—the Timer, the
Standard, and others—throughout the country, are filled
to satiety with the dangers of' Popery rand the machinations
of the Catholics, not against Monarchy only, but against
the lives and properties of all Protestants. If this
be true, the fact must be an insuperable bar ageim,st
their resuming the reins of power over this united: empire.
—( Loud cries of Hear I' and cheers.) Of En ;land and
Wales—by what arts we may guess—they may become the
rulers—of Scotland I think they cannot be ; but of the united
kingdom of Groat Britain and Ireland they never can be the •
Ministers.—( Immense cheering. ) I should like to know
whether the Tories think our young Sovereign w ill extract
from her crown one of the most brilliant jewels in her diadem
for the sake of obtaining the services of a Tory Ministry.—
( Loud cheering.) 1 question whether even Ernest, King of
flanover_(Expressions of dislike)—Grand .Master of the
Orangemen as he is--( Hear, hear)—would consent thus to
d smember the British empire.—( Hear, hear, and cheers )
But, fortunately, Providence has blessed us with a true British
Queen, who loves and protects all classes of her subjects,
whether Protestant or Catholic, Churchmen or Dissenters,
aid who scorns to be the Sovereign of a faction, or the ruler
of a section of her empire.—(Great cheering. )"
It is all very well to work on the fears of silly people to
gain a few votes at English elections, but this game is mute.
terbalanced by the perpetual exclusion of those who advocate
such a policy front the Ministry. " The same Gazette," as
his Lordship forcibly observes, "that announces the accession
of the Tories to office must contain a declaration of war
against Ireland,' and a sentence of outlawry on several mil-
lion! of the Irish," " But," adds his Lordship, " if it be not
ti uc—if tho superseded amid. cracked tocsin of alarm hes been.
ssunded only to enable theni to creep into power_ghat can
you think of the hypocrisy of those who have excited fears
which they know to be groundless, and endeavour to set one
part of the empire against the other, for time unhallowed ptuem
pose of scrambling into place ?" There is consolation fur
honourable men, that those who, fur an immediate purpose,
sport with principles, often find to their cost that they have
outwitted themselves. The Tories are not themselves tilled
with the Aunts which they seek to infuse into the minds of
others; but it is impossible that the Irish Catholics should
not in their turn feel alarm at the accession to -power of
men who in their speeches and writings hold them up to the
world as unfit to exist in any other state than limit of coercion.
Tho same Tory journals which are loud in their exeuininuiti-
cation of the Catholics might, if chalice should m any time fa-
vour the return of the Tories to power, turn rou:,(1 am! say—
" You cannot suppose that all this abuse of the Cattn,lies was
serious ; it was a mete electioneering manreuvrc, bud the end
having we will give our alarms to the winds,
antltinbei
Catholicstel obtained,
anti Prote,tants with equal favour." The
Catholics would justly laugh to scorn those who should hold
such language to them. If they declare- the Irish Catholics
aliens- in the land of their birth, they thereby tnel.e themselves
Ante to the affections of the Irish. It is. not therefore,
enough that they should " plead guilty to the charge of rais-
ing a cry uefounded in fact, for panty and electioneering pur-
poses," for, to the honour of human nature, even this procla-
mation of their own dishonottr would not lac credited. We
Conclude with repeating that the proceedings of this Durham
meeting will produce the best effect on the minds of men at
this time. The speeches of the gentle:nee present, and es-
pecially that of Lord Dinibam, will operato as a cordial on
Reformers throughout the country.—Mocking Chronicle.
Lord Durham has been attending a shabby dinner of per-
sons who called themselves " Reform Asseciators" at Durham,
lee a greater portion of whom consisted, it appears, of tee
Lortlshipes own tenants, servants and dependants. The Noble
Lord has alsp,been making a speech. 'We consider both the
attendance opheeNohle Earl at such a meeting, and the use
or abuse to which be turned the opportunity thus created, as
matters of just'keet for any of his Lordship's more respect-
able well wisherp----
perrosvte,dbheiesnou%sven hfi et n
e s
fitness
joinedto keelmbad suchCOT IlcaonnYs
ishreet sentimente whith he uttered, and the
pseacnoyniclbey.btelemeausineta
vicious counsels whitelt he offered to all who heard him. In-
deed, it is not tee) ouch to say, that a speech moreiindicative
of sour tempsr, distorted passion, and delusive argument, it
would be difficult _?p: imagine. Lord Durham tells his au-
dienee,.whoM the 1•,,, Ole
.Lord at the same time congratu-
lates en " the corrtfnupity of feeling between. himself and
theta, ".. (people whot'i,et their daily bread on condition of
voting black'- to lie White if he commands them), that
" according to their.. new Constitution, greater duties
were imposed 'upon theticf;" which is aftervmds, in the course
of his speech, explained by avowing hi!' own desire to super-
sede the present qualification of voters, the present method of
delivering suffrages, and the present tenure of the trust • re-
' posed in representatives by household suffrage, secret vein;,
and triennel Pewliaments. This amounts, in fact, to a &ak-
a step cowards obtaining a fresh set
iriaotmiterecollit ent
3ttlhi
nage.c ebnustplaissi e n t of one " new Constitution" is
6fßwnelv Constitutions ;" the eursuit of which the Noble Lord
It is no very satisfactory
upon the °teeters, et the kingdom.,
•Loid Durham's politic
ele':atly signifies to comprehend the " greater duty" imposed
.rase:ll;beamit-en:,eitet:instrument for effecting ootfigh he dares not avow, the
pros ?;tf
O'Connell—emplo)ing one
ithat hb h,ottoi
principle
sidicocoruilbpii:esleiboe.)tf,sisit
i‘napilflerr
fur-
ther ittiiovationt. • And what is the nature, let its ask, or
what th'e bearing, of those additional novelties invoked by

Lord Durham as among the measures which he deems
essential or hi neficial reforms? Whether can they be con-
sidered as things eood for their own sakes—that is to say,
good as ends. or 2.00 d only in their Ministerial character, as
means towards facilitating still further objects? Why, it is
manifest that this " ballot," this more " extended suffrage,"
and this rigorous and inevitable termination of the existence
of Parliament ‘• after a three )ears' continuance." contain in
themselves no comfort, or benefit, or value worth one single
farthing. They are definable or tangible, or susceptible of
classification, no otherwise than its being each of them an in.
cresse to that mass of democratic power which the Reform
Bill had itself so suddenly and prodigiously augmented, and
whit h, we believe it is the firm conviction of all disinterested
and t. fleeting Statesmen throughout the empire, cannot
now b' further enlarged without at once converting, the
representative Monarchy of England into an unmixed anti
rithide-ritiden Republic, The same spirit runs through
the ittn of radical reiorming schemes both here and in Ire.
land. " Power" Is the cry, "We must have more iMwer,"
power ± 441 !in what Titu do nr4 tell us what, hut they at.
Ilert,..thatl, the unqualified—unqualified even under the cx:
tsting law of qualification, Schlep has gone low ctthugh in
higiahti, and in t ,re.ant. sonic degrees too lott.,...as3crt, that
they haVe tt eya to this, that, and the other, addition to the
**powers" they possess ttitast".
tiering to the Irish Papist rto) hiThe Wretched Ministers, pan-
tt, plimgcti into the same hot.
t„;131,1 quagmire when they refused the positive, intrinsic, and
self-dependent blessing of a commutation of tithe, and a corn-
- plats extrication tif the clergy and the peasantry from their
convulsire di ath- gripe, unless there should he ingrafted on
that- great national benefit a certain rhime:ieal abortion,
professing to be the grant of a novel " pow," to the
Popish multitude--namely, that of inflicting a future spolia-
tion upon the Church, indefinite in its amount, and in its
consequences. Arid all this is attempted, under the
name of freedom ! on behalf of men who know not that, in po-
litical society, the possession of any given " freedom" implies
the exercise of a specific trust. Mr. Burke in his immortal
Reflections on the Revolution in France expresses himself as
follows:—" I must he tolerably sures before I venture pub.
licly to congratulate men upon a blessing, that they have
really received one. Flattery corrupts both the receiver and
the giver ; and adulation is not of more service to the people
than to kings. I should, therefore, suspend my congratula-
tions on the new liberty of France, until I was informed
hoot it had been combined with government—with public
force---with the discipline and obedience of arm ies—n ith
the collection of an effective and well distributed reveoue—
with morality and religion—with solidity and property—with
peace order—with civil and social manners. All these
(in their way) arc good things too ; and without
them liberty is not a benefit whilst it lasts, and is not
likely to continue long. The effect of liberty to individuals
is, that they may do what they please : we ought to see what
it will please them to do before we risk congratulations, which
may be soon turned into complaints." The calm and profound
wisdom of the above passage, in all its members, ought to be
well studied by such light-armed speculators as ord Durham,
who scud across the broken field of politics at a speed propor-
tioned to the little weight they carry. It is mighty fine (it is
at least mighty popular) to shout away for " liberty"—" more
liberty"---that is, for a greater amount of power to be vested in
men who have not yet shown us " what it will please them to
do" with such power, or how far they are inclined to exercise,
or with the most upright feelings are capable of exercising, the
powers they already_hold, and which they must of course retain,
for the promotion of that blessing to which alone they have a
recognizable right, and to the educated classes of society, have
an unquestionable right at their hands—the blessing of good
governnient. It would he unmanly trifling on our part to con-
ceal our strong belief that the communication to the ignorant
and non-proprietary classes of those enlarged privileges which
Lord Durham and other mob-courting, though mob-hating
Radicals, like himself, profess their readiness to bestow upon
them, would become a machinery instrumental only to the
purposes of a few turbulent and corrupt jobbers in popular ac-
clamation, and would recoil in curses upon the multitude itself,
sooner than on their wealthier and
,more intelligent fellow-
subjects. The assumption, however, by that Noble Lord, of
a language foreign to his secret predilections, was not for the
silly and futile object of advancing the progress of democratic
measures, which he knows well that it does not depend on him
to carry, and, in fact, which he will never live to see in the shape
of laws—it was from a much narrower, more immediate, and
• more selfish motive. It was to smooth down the Radicals
of the county of Durham, and to gain over, if he could,
a few score of votes from Mr. Liddell's canvass at the next
election, the recent return of that lion. Gentleman having
sorely crippled the personal influence, and blighted the self'-
importance, of Lord Durham. The Noble Lord proceeds to
mystify his hearers upon another topic, with regard to which
he requests the Durham associators " not to deceive them
selves," but to consider it as what it really is, " the great ques-
tion of the day," " one which must be grappled with"—
" which must tie stated to the people of England, and the
Conservatives shall not escape from it." This latter sentence
is rather lofty vapourieg from him who himself has caught •
the Tartar. Who told Lord Durham that it was the Con-
servatives who wanted to escape from the Irish Roman
Catholic question ? Is his Lordship so utterly void of can-
dour as to deny that the Conservatives have done their
utmost to settle that Popish question, or that there is
nothing they desire so anxiously as to see it out, and
the ,Church and State released from its torturing pres-
sure ? Can I,ord Durham, again, -have the front to forget
that it is the Whig, Ministers who first involved the Popish
question in a maze of difficulty, and who now seek to escape
from the meshes of their own weaving, but in vain ? Who
was it that inoculated the Church question with that ulcerous
arid fatal matter of the appropriation clause, which its authors
dare not again bring to the bar of either House of Parliament,
from a thorough consciousness that it will he contemptuously
rej -cted, while the bill. without the clause, becomes a signal
for the Radicals to load them with clamorous execrations, and
for the Conservatives to walk quietly into office? Escape,
indeed ! What door lies open to the escape of Ministers
from this mortal question ? There is no doubt that O'Connell
and the Irish Papists will agree to quash the appropriation
clause, or to swamp or swallow that or any other question which
creates the slightest embarrassment to a Ministry who have
transferred into their sordid hands the hourly increasing pa.
tronage of the British Crown, and have clothed a corps
of civil and military insurgents in the Royal livery. As a
desperate alternative, therefore, the attempt may, we think, be
made to settle the Church question, and commute the tithe by
bolting the appropriation clause. If so, the Melbourne Ca-
I,inet is a withered and blasted firm. The commutation of
tithe is a Conservative measure. ' It formed the subject of an
excellent and well-constructed bill, brought into Parliament
by one of Sir Robert Peel's colleagues. It was superseded by
the Whigs, coerced as they were by O'Connell, because it
did not contain the appropriation clause, which the Ministers
and their Popish master " declared to he essential to every
plan for adjusting the Tithe question," which Mr. Perrin, the
Popish Attorney-General, assured the House would go far to
soothe and conciliate Ireland, which Lord J. Russell, Lord Mor.
petli, Mr. S. Rico. and other Ministers recommended to the House
because it %twilit pacify Ireland, but which Messrs. Daniel
O'Connell and Richard Sheil proclaimed should only pass
with them for a " first instalment" of that debt—viz , the en-
tire overthrow of the Protestant Church—without the payment
in full of which Ireland would not, and .sliou/d not, enjoy tran-
quillity. Well, then, we ask the Ministers what they will do?
And we answer for them--they will swallow their vital appro-
priation clause—nay, more, they will eat up Lord Mor
peth's unspeakaldy impudent and profligate measure Of
last Session, for compelling the Protestant clergy that
now exist to educate the whole Papist population of Ire-
land out of their own incomes ! Ay. the Rump Whigs
ill do all this, and more : as they votid against the
Conservative Church Bill for the sake of turning Sir
Robert Peel out of office. so they will now not merely vote
fer, hut propose a similar bill, for the sake of keeping them-
selves in office, and after being thus disgraced, their official
nower will follow their moral existence, as a Nii:listry, by
g.
c,:ng heartiong nut of the window. There is another point or
two io Lord Durham's speech relating to Popery, which we
may observe upon hereafter. Rot the Noble Lord, we sus-
pect, need not flatter himself that, on any abrupt close of his
present diplomatic functions, he can find his euthanasia by
falling hack irpo3bome polities as head of the Papist- Radical
section of the Whigs. Lord John Russell will inform his
Lordship that the post has for some time been bespoken,—
alf

Ths Duke of Beaufort is suffering from a severe
attack of gout at Kultninton.
Sir Robert and Lady Fitzwyratn have arrived fiorn
North Mymm; Park at Connaught place.
Dr. Mike. Physician to the Queen, is to he raised
to the dignity of Baronet.
We hear that Sir James Graham and Lord Stan!ey
Lave signified their intention of not honouring by their pre-
sence the dinner to which the citizens of London have
invited her Majesty on the 9th of next month. Both Sir
.lames Grithax and Lord Stanley had received formal invi-
tations from the civic authorities, but it is said that they
Dave come to the resolution of not meeting their Sovereign
on this grand and most interesting oceasion.—Observer.
T;:e fine old race of English country Squires is
nearly extinct. They have gradually merged into what, in
Parliamentary phrase, is called " cotintry gentlemen," or, in
nth, r words, into gentlemen who scarcely ever see the
country, hut who :Tend their time id political intrigue,
place huntitv, and in dancing attendance at the Ministers'
Where shall we now seek for the national real
Squ:-c"—the constant - resident a" the Grange," or
the Hull," or " the Manor-house ;,•• the jolly huntsman ;
the boon eroipaninn ; the hearty joker ; the thick-and-thin
kull:ers-nt to CLureh and State ; the hater of everything
not English.; the laborious forgetter of his school Latin,
because he thioks it has a Popish sound a the frank and
hospitable host ; ,`he generous landlord, and the protector
of the poor ; where 15 be now to he found - Scarcely any-
where in real life, but he is faithfully and spiritedly de-
pised in a novel about to appear under his characteristic
old name. " The Squire." The author has already won
ponsiderable time in those popular stories, " The Heiress,"
4"rhe Merchant's Diugliter," and others.
MR. GLFlc's NE,IV WORK, " CHELSEA 'COL-
LEGE: AND try TnAniTioNs."--We are requested to state
that the new work entitled " Chelsea College, and its Tra-
ditions," by the Rev. G. R. Gleig, author of " The
Subaltern," " The Country Curate," &e. (in tJ cols. post
8v0.), will be published on Saturday, the ;28tp inst., by
Mr. Bentley, New Burlington-street, Publisher in Ordinary
to her Majesty. Agents for Scotland, Messrs. Bell and
Eradfute, Ed:nhurgh ; for Ireland, Mr. J. Cumming,
publin. ty- Orders received by all Booksellers.