The Sun.
London, England, 1863-11-24 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 24, 1861

~..0,.......---______
T HE SOMIERN CONFEDERACY

(From the Special Correspondent of the limes.)
CONFEDERATE CAMP, NEAR CHATTANOOGA,
October 8.
It is my coinfident belief that, among the many
fruitless victories which, in the last two and a half
years, have 'been gained by the Confederates, two
will hereafter stand conspicuous as having afforded
rare and unexampled opportunities which were in-
credibly thrown away—ethe battle of Bull Run and
the b attle of Chickamanga. Twice only since the
compeencement of the war have the Federals been
broken up " without hand?' twice only has their
defee ,t been converted into irretrievable rout. In the
man y victories gained by General Lee in Virginia
the Federals have always had a river behind them
which has intercepted pursuit, or a fortified camp
which was easilyreached,or having retained,thoegh
de fixated, such solidity as robbed their opponents of
the decisive uses of victory. The exceptional victo-
ries of the war have hitherto been Bull Run and
Chickamanga, which by a Napoleon would have been
converted, even with the limited means possessed by
the Confederate generals, into an Austerlitz and a
Marengo. That the advantages of Bull Run should
have been nnreaped can scarcely be wondered at,
considering the early stage of the war when it was
fought and the astonishment experienced by the
Con federates upon finding themselves victorious.
Thtit Chickamauga should have been nothing more
than a bloody and unfruitful victory will, when its
details are fully known and deliberately weighed,
be imputed to the general who chanced to command
the troops that Won it as one of the least pardonable
blunders and shortcomings of history.
A recapitulation for the hundredth time of an-
other American massacre, an exposition of the mi-
nutiae of another sanguinary battle, which possessen
little strategical interest and serves but to mall
the tale of bloodshed without materially altering
the relations of the combatants, would, if I mistake
not, be as little to the taste of your readers as of
him who would be called upon to furnish it for
their instruction. I shall, therefore, confine myself
to general remarks about the Rattle of Chickamanga,
convinced that of all the battles which I have yet
attempted to describe it is the least intelligible,
unless a diagram accompanies the description.
And here I am compelled to premise that there
is only one tl'.eory which can explain General
Rosencranz,s. 'movements previous to the late battle
without aeinihilating all his claims to generalship
—the tl'.eory that he believes himself thoroughly
acqua;.nted with the General opposed to him, and
vennured upon great liabilities in hie presence.
W hatever my own conceptions as to General
Itosencranz's abilities may have previously been
st cannot be denied that the division of his army
before the battle into three sections of 20,000 men,
each section acting at a distance of 70 miles from
the other, while General Bragg's army, in a com-
pact mass, might strike whichever of these three
isolated bodies he preferred, can be compared only
to the strategy of General Hooker at Chancellors-
and his partition of the Federal army into
two sections, while General Lee acted upon a
shorter and inner line between them. It is certainly
to,the credit of General Rosencranz that his three
sections escaped annihilation by detail, although
one of them (the central section) was vigorously
struck at by General Bragg and the whole Con-
federate army. Discovering that a body of 20,000
Federals had entered " the coves " (as they are here
called) of one of the woody mountains of Northern
Georgia, General Bragg sent Gen. Hindman round
to strike them in rear, while he himself, with the
rest of his army, cut them off from escape by another
road. The coves of the Allegheny cluster of moun-
tains, though far less majestic in feature, resemble
greatly the cirques or oules of the Pyrenees, consist-
ing of deep recesses or cols-de-sac (the favourite
haunts of racoons, squirrels, wolves, and bears)
which run into the mountain side, and have
no exit save through the gorge by which they
are entered. Into such a trap did General
ltosencranz venture to lead one-third of his
army into the immediate neighbourhood of the
combined forces of his foe. Never since the
Caudine Forks was there a better opportunity of
capturing au entire army. By whose fault they
cucaped and slipped out of the noose I shall not at-
tempt to discriminate. It is asserted by General
Bragg that the failure was General Hindman's, who
is consequently under arrest; it is asserted by Gen.
Hindman that the fault lay in the orders of Gene-
ral Bragg. Be that as it may, General Itosencranz,
having escaped from this scrape by the skin of his
teeth, showed quick comprehension of the danger
of his position, and with great promptitude got his
three sections together in front of Chattanooga. It
is admitted that every man in his army was en-
gaged in the battle of Chickamanga, and on the.
night of the 20th of September the whole mass, not
lees when the battle commenced than 60,000 strong,
crumbling like a loosened cliff, streamed in inextri-
cable confusion down the steep sides of Missionary
Ridge, leaving more than 7,000 sound prisoners
e.nd 2,300 wounded and all its unburied dead, and
61 pieces of artillery and small arms, flags, and
guidons ad nauseam in the hands of the victorious
Confederates.
It will be remembered that on the afternoon and
eighte of Friday, the 18th of September, the Confe-
derate army, which had been marching through
stifling beds of dust and crumbling rock since the
mono
Bann at Monday, the 14th, crossed %Vest Chicka-
serp'elaitet_et_lt, which, tortuous and winding as a
bietween".4.atei traversed 13 times by the railroad
and dischat Atlanta and Chattanooga, runs northward
far ges
frpelf into the Tennessee river not
the only ueest".• Upon the morning of the 19th
Bragg had of strength which General
three brigades a from Virginia consisted of
the gallant General Hood.
General Longsti:lteh'
o.t as yet got to the front,
but was that day "gat t.. 1
performing
journey from Atlanta vt. the weary
though traversed by Chickamauga, which,
subsea and not more than 130
miles in distance, it
:Indy took me more
than 40 hours, including twlo
in the filthiest
Another of Gen.
divisions—that of
of railroad cars, to aecorquatg.4tB,
(ten. M'Laws—had
longstreet's
urther -
not got up ; and still f in the
Jenkins rear was the
noble brigade of Gen • , of South
Carolina,
Is own disgust, has
which, much to
1,
13 not been en-
gaged since the battle of Frederica
in Decem. ,
her last.
the belief of fa
It seems to have been ee,
ried the battle 'gin
who unquestionably hur te
be would not hoe' the
utmost of his power, that . more
sections into which it
than two out of the three se . as
had divided his army
rshed that on the 20th
to fight; but it is now estabai
man evati:3l7l
the last of Gen. Rosencranz s
the spot and put into the field, though it is believed
that the whole Federal army was not up on the 19th.
The battle of the 19th was little more than a
struggle for position, maintained by the Confede-
rates with a view to holding the ground Where they
stood; undertaken by the Federals with a view of
driving their enemy across the stream. It resulted
in a decided success for the Confederates, who
not only held their own, but pushed their enemy
a mile and half back. Two generals were specially
distinguished during the day—Gen. Hood, who met
e large flanking column of the enemy, by attacking
it with his usual vigour, and driving it back in con-
and Gen. Cleburne, an Irishman by birth,
and once a private in the English army, who, solely
by his
own merit, has risen to the rank of Major-
General, and is • by many considered the ablest
General of those belonging to Bragg's army as it
stood before
reinforced by the troops from Virginia.
Upon the occasionupon a formidable in
question he made au attack
and contributed position of the enemy at night-
fall,next day by the valubmaaiterially to the success of the
ground which he occupied
on the night of the Mile
At II o'clock on the night
of the 19th Gen. Long-
street reached the head quarters of Gen.
Bragg, and
was immediately put in command of
the left win
of the Confederate army. Of hisown
corps,
g
orps, as it
stood in Virginia, he had but three brigades under
Gen. Hood, and two brigades under Gen. M,L„m:
There were added, however, to his command the
Buckner, includino.
corps of Generalthe divisions
of Generals Preston and Stewart, and also, Outside
of Buckner's command, the Bushrod Johnston.
tle (the same Which he
General Bragg's plan of bat

invariably pursues) was to attack along his whole
line, commencing on his right and allowing the at-
tack to be taken np suecessively by division after
division until it reached the extreme left. And here,
according to General Bragg, commenced the disas-
ters of Sunday, the 20th. General Pose was ordered
to commence the attack at daybreak ; he did not
commence until about 9 o'clock. For this omission
he, like General Hindman, is under arrest, await-
ing the decision of one of those many courts of in-
quiry to which these Western battles never fail to
give rise. It is asserted that if General Polk had
gained two or three hours in the morning there
would have been enough light to reap the fruits of
General Longstreet's victory before nightfall. It is
hard in the light of several other incidents of the
battle to credit this assertion.
Shortly after 9 the battle began raging furiously
along the whole Confederate sight, where fought
Generals Polk, and D. H. Hill, and Breokinridge,
and Cleburne, and many more, as gallant men as
ever set squadron in the field. But here, coming,
as I have, to the army of General Bragg, a stranger
to its Generals and familiar only with the
Army of Virginia, where I have spent so many
pleasant hours, 1 must profess my surprise at ob-
serving the want of harmony and the utter absence
of enthusiasm which prevails in this Western camp.
' It is not that the men are one whit less brave, or
the Division Generals less able than those under
General Lee; but, if I read matters aright, there is
not at the head of this army that firm, mild, sa-
gacious, temperate wisdom, before which petty dif-
ferences are hushed, which daunts political intrigue
and self-seeking, and which presents to every man,
from the highest to the lowest, a living example of
purity, unselfishness, and patriotism, before whose
lustre all historical characters of modern times, ex-
cept, perhaps, Wellington and Washington, pale
their ineffectual fires. To the merits of General
Bragg, by no means inconsiderable, I am far from
being blind. Bat it is no injustice to him to say
that he never can inspire enthusiasm such as is
wanted in a mighty and unequal struggle of this
kind in either his officers or his men. That this
Western Confederate army if subjected to the com-
mand of a General whose character is electric, as
was Stonewall Jackson's, might become the rival of
the army of General Lee I have no manner of doubt;
bat in its present condition its choicest achieve-
ments will be, when engaged, level battles like
Murfreesborough, or unimproved and unreaped
victories like Chickamauga; and, when at rest, dis-
satisfaction. heartburning, recrimination, such as
have never been absent from the Federal armies,
will continue to sweep like pestilence through its
ranks, and disqualify it daily more and more for
bringing its work to perfection.
The attack of the Federal right was a disastrous
failure. The Confederates fought well, but by noon
were so incontrovertibly repulsed that all fight-
ing ceased for many hours. In the meantime,
long before the repulse of the Confederate right was
confirmed, General Longstreet had commenced his
attack on the loft. Steadily and irresistibly ad-
vancing, he swept away the head of every forma-
tion ; though often checked, and for the moment re-
pulsed, again and again he rode to the head of his
troops, and, hat in hand, rising in his stirrups, with
voice and gesture animated his men. The Western
Federals are brave and hardy men, capable of being
turned into as fine an army as ever shouldered mus-
ket, but it is no disparagement of them to say that
they have been trained in a very different school,
and are strung to deeds of inferior daring when put
face to face with such troops as Virginia has sent to
the west, under the leadership of such men as Gene-
rals Longstreet, Hood, and Jenkins. Never in this
war has any General been found who was superior
to Gen. Longstreet in the art of what is here called
"putting in his men." I have repeatedly during
this last 12 months seen English and Austrian and
Prussian officers in the Confederate camp full of an-
ticipation that they were about to see brilliant and
intricate manoeuvres, because Gen. Lee's name as a
great captain has spread far and wide. But it has
not taken long to convince them that the manipu-
lation in the field of large bodies of undisciplined
men cannot be too simple. Manoeuvres in the face
of the enemy, sometimes, though rarely, attempted
by the Federals, have never failed to lead to disas-
ter. Having now observed upon many a battlefield
the way in which the Confederates fight, I can
attribute their almost invariable superiority in the
field, and especially in pitched battles, gained as it
has been in every instance by inferior numbers, to
nothing so much as the method employed by Con-
federate officers in "putting their men in." From
the very outset this has been for the Confederate
army, from the highest to the lowest, a war of self
sacrifice. Shirking danger, or avoiding hot places,
or fighting a battle by deputy—that is, by means
of orders carried to the front by staff officers, have
been practices invariably eschewed by Gen. Lee
and his right and left arms, Generals Jackson and
Longstreet. Right in front in every battle rides
Gen. Longstreet ; backwards and forwards along
his lines unweariedly he circulates, the target at
which thousands of bullets are aimed, of whieh not
one has as yet ever struck him or his horse, observ-
ing where his men are wavering, and swiftly riding
to their support, and carrying with him his weal-
known and inspiring presence, equivalent at the
moment to a thousand fresh men. And here let me
at once and finally state that from 11 in the morning
until sunset Gen. Longstreet's onward career was
not for more than intervals of a few moments
arrested or delayed. Commencing with his line run-
ning north-east and south-west, he gradually swung
round until it ran due east and west, and comprised
within its control the main road to Chattanooga,
and at nightfall, having described all but a circle,
he found his lines again stretching almost in the
same direction as in the morning, but with their
backs turned at night towards the point, whither
their faces looked at daybreak. It was shortly after
the troops had gained the Chattanooga road that
Gen. Hood, riding in front with his men, was
struck by a minie bullet, which shattered his thigh-
bone four inches below the hip. I am happy to
record that he is doing admirably, and has suffered
less from the amputation of his leg than he did
from the wound in his arm received at Gettysburg.
He is believed now to be out of danger.
The great and most momentous struggle of the
Battle of Chickamauga was that which comprised its
closing scene, and to which I will now devote a few
words. I have said that by noon the Confederate
right, vigorously repulsed in its onslaught upon the
strong mountain positions and earthworks of the
Federals, was silenced, and desisted for several
hours from further fighting. Meantime the steady,
°outward current of Longstreet's men could not be
aimed, as they swept everything before them on
the6enCso,nofeederate left, and compelled the attention of
tettiotseno crane to his own flinching right. Hay-
itlieerftolea of Gen. Polk end the Confederates on
the
ha.wif.tly commenced moving troops from
of the centleatirelght, aided materially by the inaction
right. For up wards of two hours
column after eo"lte
ward, until txt. ran of Federals streamed west-
watched their beeecthGen• Walker, who had long
Seat to apprise Gen. Long-
street of a move, the mtt4gun.itude of which does not
seam to have drawn 1111
or to have been checked. 113 t any notice from Bragg,
Y renewes
u operations on
his right. Immediately that this information
reached Gen. Longstreet he threw Gen. Buckner
forward With a battery ee 12 pieces, which opened
upon the Federal
heavily
compassing the capture mg off its
rear, and comp of 3 000
But before the interference Federal
prisoners.of Buckner
l
Federas had crossed.
a large body of from their
in the afternoon faced e'
to their right, and
stand upon theGenera,
Longstreet, taking their 515 and
bluff termination of Missionary Ridge, upon which
and breastworks,which,
they had thrown up as
being their last stronghold south of the Chute.
nooga works, they held with the tenacity of despair,
It was, I believe, about the same time that Gene-
rals Bragg and Longstreet met, or interchanged
oommunicetions, this being, if I any not mistaken,
the only intercourse which passed bet Ween them
during the battle. General Longstreet, alluding to
the fact that all fighting had ceased on the Confede-
rate right, observed that if another division could
be spared to him he could make excellent use of it.
The answer of General Bragg is stated to have been,
"Our troops have been disastrously repulsed on the
right. Even
you had any of theta you could get

he s
sseudc suchhimself troops
anso furtherGen.fig h t
Lo
nu
nt g ofs t r te he
te m
then. '
aWdditr
to the task of driving his enemy from the final posi-
tion which he had chosen, and here the struggle
became fearful. In the first place Kershaw, of
M'Laws' division, attacked in front and was repulsed.
A similar fate at first was encountered, though only
for a brief season, by Gen. Hindman. It was at this
moment that Gen. Longstreet directed Gen. Pres-
ton's fine division, most of it engaged at Chicka-
manga for the first time, to support Kershaw in
front, while a portion of its numbers swept further
round the hill, and took the enemy in flank. There
are in this Western army two Kentucky generals,
neither of them bred to arms, who have gained re-
putations which will outlive those of many of their
military confreres—l mean Gen. Preston and Gen.
Breckinridge. The history of the latter, previous
to the war, is well known to all Englishmen who
take an interest in American affairs ; nor is it likely
that Gen. Preston, though less well known, will be

forgotten by those who made his acquaintance when
United States' Minister to Madrid, or during his
visits to England. His bearing on the slope of
Missionary Ridge, under the setting sun of the 20th
of September, will, if ever the American war be-
comes really historical, rank with that of Dessaix
recovering the lost battle of Marengo, or with any
other famous deed of arms ever witnessed upon
earth. Slowly and under a withering fire, one of
Gen. Preston's brigades, commanded by Gen. Gracie,
and fighting its first pitched battle, deployed into
line. As ',they ascended the hill they reeled and
staggered under the iron tempest which rent them,
and Gen. Gracie, turning to Gen. Preston, exclaimed
in agony, "We are cut to pieces." Calm as though
he had seen a hundred fights, Gen. Preston replied,
"You have not suffered half such a loss as my
brigade sustained at Murfreesborough ; tell your
men to fix bayonets, and take them at it again."
The order was given, and nobly was it obeyed.
Right up and over the slope they went ; their com-
rades swept up on the Federal flank; Hindman and
Kershaw gallantly did their part ; simultaneously
the Confederate right, long inactive, again advanced
and drove the Federals, weakened by the reinforce-
ments sent to their right, from their works. The
whole of Missionary Ridge was gained, and the
Federals, in one long, confused, huddled mass, burst
down the ridge, through the little village called
Roseville, and along every other road and bypath
they could find, and never stopped until they reached
Chattanooga. One trophy of the desperate strife is
proudly shown by General Gracie's: men—the flag
of an Alabama regiment, pierced by 83 bullet holes,
the flagstaff severed in three places, but carried to
the last by the same colour-sergeant, who still sur-
vives to wear the honours and enjoy the commission
which he has so nobly won.
I have neither space nor heart to point out how
this majestic victory—the work (as every Genera,
of the many I have spoken to loudly avows) solely
of General Longstreet—might, if General Long-
street had been in supreme command, have been
converted into a " crowning mercy," Fresh troops
upon the night of the 20th and morning of the 21st
came up by shoals ; the Yankees had few works in
Chattanooga ; if pursued they would not have
stopped short of Nashville. It required only two
unmolested days to give them fresh heart, as their
fine position at Chattanooga, in the bend of the
river, grew stronger and stronger while they lustily
plied the spade, and General Bragg looked on from
Missionary Ridge. Two days after the battle it was
agreed unanimously by a council of war that the
Confederate army should strike en masse in the
direction of Knoxville. But scarcely had the
Division Generals commenced the execution of this
resolve, when couriers from General Bragg an-
nounced that he had changed his plan, and the
army sat down, and has continued for nearly three
weeks enveloping the town of Chattanooga and the
reble Yankee lines which surround it.

OCTOBER 9.

The arrival this day of President Davis on a visit
to the army of the West, the loud and scarcely sup.
pressed murmurs which, whether deserved or not,
disqualify Gen. Bragg from handling successtully
generals and soldiers who have manifestly no confi-
dence in him, have led to a general anticipation of
change in the command of this army. But, for the
present, there are no immediate symptoms of such
a change, or of activity in this army's operations.
Many of your readers must be familiar with the
beautiful view at Eberstein, in the immediate neigh-
bourhood of Baden Baden, up the valley of the Murg
and over the forests in which it is by some supposed
that the legions of Varus perished. Not by any
means dissimilar, though far larger in its proper-
tions, is the view discerned from Lookout Mountain,
which looms up on our left, and from which you
look right down into the Federal works around
Chattanooga. Far in the distance, like a silver
thread, winds the sinuous Tennessee River, while
from the rock upon which you stand, called Point
Lookout, not more than 30 years ago the Indian
savage used to watch his opportunity of attacking
the flat boats as they descended the river—a wilder
barbarian, but by no means a greater rascal, than
the robbers of the Rhine, who 300 years ago watched
from their eagle's nests and craggy castles, with a
view to exacting toll from the boats that floated
down the stream. I have seldom looked upon a
fairer scene. The intense blue of the sky, the
glowing tints of an American autumn, the brilliant
atmosphere and vivid light, and in the far distance
the peaks of a hundred noble mountains, some of
them riven, or, as the French would say " tor-
mented," and twisted into gaunt shapes and pos-
tures, are such as to defy description. Then the
effects of light and shadow, and the contrasts of
colour are startling beyond anything I-have ever
seen, because in Europe there is no mountain scenery
which is lighted by such a sky and sun as are familiar
to all in North America. Here the square, solid front
of a mountain juts out in a flash of golden hue
against the flank of another embosomed in woods
and dyed in dark green and purple; there floating
shadows, the reflection of casual clouds, scud across
the landscape, until they have coursed away far out
of view. Night falls, and a sight more full of a
painful interest than any of nature's wonders strikes
upon the eye. Two sections of a mighty nation,
lately brothers, but now for ever divided by an ocean
of blood, are lying in their long lines of battle,
clutching the weapons with which they, seek to re-
new their envenomed and fratricidal strife, and
marking by their camp fires the narrow strip of
darkness which divides them from each other. And
here, among these lovely mountains, in scenes from
which a quarter of a century ago the barbarian was
ignominiously " crowded ()lit," have civilised men
come to boast their civilisation by imbuing their
hands in the heart's blood of their brethren.
It is not my impression, judging from the Federal
camp and its tents, that a very large army of
Federals is now lying before us. There are many
methods by which a master of the art of war, such
as Wellington, might force upon General Rosencranz
an evacuation of Chattanooga, or impose upon
him the necessity of attacking the Confederates
in his front. But I will not enter upon this sub-
ject. Suffice it for the present to say, it is hardly
probable that the inaction of these two armies can
much longer continue. If General Bragg is dis-
placed, immediate activity on the part of the Con-
federates will, if I mistake not, be resumed. If the
Confederate army continues to lie in its present
attitude, General Rosencranz will probably attempt a
diversion, by moving some portion of the large rein-
L forcements which are joining him upon the left flank
of his opponent's army.
't

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THE SCHLESWIG HOLSTEIN QUESTION,

The following is the text of the protest commu-
nicated by the envoy of the Gratd Duke of Baden
to the Federal Diet. The Gratd Dacal envoy is
charged by his Government:-
1. To inform the Germanic Diet that the hereditary
Prince Frederick of Schleswig-Hokein-Sonderburg-Au-
gustenburg has notified to the Graid Ducal Government
the taking possession by him, as Dube Frederik VIII. of
Holstein, of the succession created by the death of the
King-Duke Frederick Vii., in the federal countries of
Holstein and Lauenburg.
2. Considering that from the forger precedents brought
to the knowledge of the German Governments and the high
Federal Assembly an opposition to ;he legitimate right of
succession in the federal countries of Holstein and Lauen-
burg may probably be raised in anther quarter, to make
the following motion :
May it please the Germanic Confederation to guarantee
and protect the legitimate right of accession in the Duchies
of Holstein and Lauenburg, as well as the rights of the
federal countries which are connected with this right, and
which may be called in question in consequence of the
change of reign which has taken place, and that without
permitting that the said right of suczession be in any respect
injured. _

To immediately deliberate with this object on the means
by which, in case of need, the Germanic Confederation can
defend and put in force the rights in question.
The Grand-Ducal and Dud Houses of Saxony
make this motion :
May it please the High Federal Assembly to decree as
follows :
That measures be taken into consideration which, under
present circumstances, shall appear opportune to it to gua-
rantee, in consequence of the change of Sovereign which
has taken place in the kingdom of Denmark, both the
rights of the countries which have hitherto formed with
that kingdom one monarchy, and the rights of the Ger-
manic Confederation in their totality.
These Governments adduce besides the following
proposition :
" That in no case will the High Federal Assembly, before
a resolution has been taken by it on this subject, tolerate
any act whatever by which the present King of Denmark
would constitute himself, in presence of the Germanic
Diet, Duke of Holstein and Lauenburg, consequently that
and does not under
the Diet appointed
the He
ri gehu
mAssembly do
admitdoes naont
er
ne cvoog ny
ts
oe
by the reigning King of Denmark for Holstein and Lauen•

burg.
The Governments of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenache, of
Saxe-Meiningen, and of Saxe-Altenburg protest
solemnly against every act of this kind.
The aforesaid Governments believe themselves the more
bound to formulate this protest as, for the present, and
without prejudice to the eventual right of third parties,
they acknowledge the hereditary Prince Frederic of
Schleswig-Holstein•Sonderburp-Augustenburg as legiti-
mate Duke, by right of succession, of the Duchess of Hol-
stein and Schleswig.
The envoy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha is charged
solemnly to protect the rights of the very august
House of Ernestine of Saxony to the succession in
the D achy of Lauenburn and to make the following
motion

Whereas his Highness the Duke of Saxe-Coburg
Gotha has recognised the hereditary Prince Frederic of
Schleswig-Holstein, of the line of the Augustenburg, as
Duke of Schleswig.Holstein ; and whereas, notwithstand-
ing this, the former envoy of the august deceased, Frede-
ric VII. of Denmark, Duke of Holstein and Lauenburg,
has appeared in the Diet, the ducal envoy is compelled to
solicit the dismissal of the Danish envoy, and to protest
against his participation in the debates of the Diet ; and also
in case another prince than the aforesaid Prince Frederick
of Schleswig-Holstein should raise claims to the succession
in the Duchies, to propose to the Germanic Diet that the
Confederation, by virtue of the obligations furnished in
the fundamental laws, protest, and, if need be, put in
force, by the necessary means, the right of Prince Frederic
as Duke of Schleswig-Holstein.
The German papers received yesterday are busily
occupied in discussing the affairs of Schleswig-
Holstein, and contain opinions and narratives of
occurrences drawn from all sources with a view of
showing that the Duke of Augustenburg is the
rightful heir to the Duchies. A few extracts are
selected.
The Frankfort Gazette of the 18th inst. save :
At the commencement of the sitting of the Legislative
Assembly to-day Dr. Stern moved the following resolution
—" That the Legislative Assembly should urgently request
the Senate to pronounce the recognition of the hitherto
hereditary Prince as the actual Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
and Lauenburg, and that this recognition should be most
urgently brought forward and supported in the organ of
the German Federation by the representative of the Free
City of Frankfort at the Diet." Dr. Stern declared that
the moment was now come when Germany should protect
the recognised and undoubted right of the Duchies, or it
must be given up for ever. Germany must fulfil its duty
and protect these German provinces from usurpation. The
Bund had never recognised the London protocol of 1852,
and had no right to receive a representative of the protocol
prince. It was the duty and the right of the Diet not only
to disown but also to protect and guard itself against each
opponent whom it did not recognise, and who might make
an attack of any kind against it. If the Free City of Frank-
fort should make no motion, the Legislative Assembly must
exert itself for a cause which each German recognised as a
righteous one. Dr. Kugler supported the proposition, as it
was the duty of each German to maintain the cause. This
question would show whether German patriotism yet dwelt
in the hearts of German princes. The resolution was una-
nimously adopted.
At the sitting of the Diet on Saturday last many
propositions were made and documents handed in,
which, if they did not afford subjects for imme-
diate discussion, certainly increased the labours of
the committee nominated upon the subject.
From the banks of the Elbe we learn that the
greatest interest is felt as to the further progress of
events, and that an announcement of the intentions
of Prussia respecting the recognition or non-recog-
nition of Duke Frederic is anxiously awaited.
An Altona correspondent says :
Private letters from Copenhagen state that the English
and French Ministers Plenipotentiary urgently advised the
King to sign the constitution for Denmark and Schleswig;
but that the King was mainly induced to do so by the re-
presentatives of the chief of the police of Copenhagen, who
declared that he could not answer for the peace of the city
if the signature were further delayed.
A letter from Kiel, of the 20th inst., says :
Public feeling is much excited here, but no disturbance
of the peace has hitherto taken place. On Wednesday
many patriotic men from all parts of the country were pre-
sent here, and among them were many deputies and repre-
sentatives of the Diet. In the evening about 200 of these
persons assembled, and made known that they were unani-
mously of opinion that the Estates should promote the here-
ditary right of Duke Frederic of Augustenburg, and
should take steps in the right place to support the cause
of the duke. The deputies drew up their proposition
yesterday, and in the afternoon those not resident at
Kiel left by the railway, saluted by loud cheers from their
fellow members. During the day frequent conferences
were held amongst small bodies of the representatives and
deputies.
From Hamburg we learn that the following ap-
peal was being circulated in the Duchies :
Countrymen and Schleswig-Holsteiners,—lt has pleased
God to remove our King .Duke from this earth. The King
of Denmark, Frederic VII., is dead. Our legitimate duke
is now the hereditary Prince Frederic of Augustenburg.
The moment has now arrived in which the Duchies of
Schleswig-Holstein are legally separated from the throne of
Denmark. Hold firmly to your rights.
From Hamburg we also receive the following
intelligence, dated the 20th inst :
A meeting, comprising more than 1,000 Schleswig-Hol-
steiners, partly residing here and partly in the Duchies, as-
sembled here yesterday evening,
near the Holstein gate,
in order to discuss the questions affecting the Duchies,
and to pass resolutions thereupon. Prevented from hold-
ing their meeting at the place intended, they repaired to
another locality which was also near Altona, but here again
opposition was offered to their assembling. They only gained
their end by meeting in a third place, the Walhalla on the
Uhlenhorst (before the Ferdinand-gate, near the Alster).
The meeting lasted from 9 o'clock at night till 12, and de-
cided on the recognition of the hereditary Prince of Augus-
tenburg as Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, and afterwards
telegraphed the resolution agreed upon to the hereditary
Prince-Duke at Gotha, through the medium of the Coburg-
Gotha Minister, M. Sam wer.
The Berlin Allgemeine Zeitung contains the fol-
lowing letter from Stuttgardt, dated the 19th

inst.
The news from the north has created an extraordinary
excitement here. The name Schleswig-Holstein still enjoys
a popularity entirely its own, and public sympathy for the
country is maintained, and even from Suabia similar evi-
dences are apparent. The recent events, which at least
present the possibility of a favourable solution of the ditli-
cul.ies, have powerfully contributed to kindle this feeling,
and now a ray of hope begins to shine again. When the
manifesto of the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein was made
known yesterday evening by a supplement to the Swabian
Mercury, a feeling of joy spread through the city. A
meeting was immediately held, a committee was formed,
and it was resolved that the People's Assembly should be
convened for to-morrow, for the purpose of drawing up an
address to the Government, requesting it to recognise the
duke, and to take steps for supporting him at the Federal
Assembly. In the meantime private circles are busy devis-
ing means to provide practical means for supporting the
right of the Duchies. The Chamber, which meets on Wed-
nesday, will immediately proceed with the subject. It is
etated that a meeting of the Privy Council took place yes-

terday, and that a deliberation was held in reference to the
Duchies, A declaration of the Berlin Diet is anxiously
looked for.
The National Zeitung of Berlin contains the

following :
It is stated in several quarters that a lively diplomatic
correspondence is proceeding between the Governments of
Prussia, Austria, and those of the German middle States
on the subject of Schleswig-Holstein. Austria, as it is
known, has already often striven against the maintenance
of the Danish united kingdom, and Federal execution was
only a means to this end. The German Duchies should
maintain some such a position towards Denmark as Hun-
gary to Austria, or as Poland by the six points towards
Russia. The officious press of Vienna at first, after the
death of the King, indulged in sanguinary views. However,
in the latest Vienna journals a certain alteration of tone is
already perceptible, and with the incorporation of Schleswig,
sanctioned by the new King of the Danes, projects hitherto
supported by Austria lose all ground. The resolutions
adopted by the Vienna Court will depend in an important
degree on the attitude of Bavaria and Wurtemberg, from
whom Austria cannot wholly separate in the discussion
of this great national question. Bavaria, in respect of the
Glucksburg line, has just experienced in an important de-
gree the value which the Great Powers will attach to their
London protocol under certain circumstances.
A Vienna correspondent of the Cologne Gazette
asserts, however, that the Austrian Cabinet enter-
tains totally different views.
At a numerously attended meeting of the inha-
bitants of the second electoral district of Berlin the

following resolution has been adopted :
It is the imperative duty of the German people to take
immediate steps for the establishment of the rights of the
Duchies of Schleswig-Holstein, and especially so to act with
respect to the National Representation and Governments,
that these rights shall be forthwith practically promoted,
even by the use of arms.
The proclamation of Duke Frederic of Schleswig-
Holstein has been posted in the reading-rooms of
the Prussian Chamber of Deputies by the President
of the Chamber, to whom the proclamation appears
to have been forwarded directly.

LAW INTELLIGENCE—Yesterday.

VICE-CHANCELLORS' COURT.

THE CORPORATION OF LONDON V. THE GOVERNORS OF ST

BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL.

This was an application with a view to raise and deter-
mine the question which has arisen between the corporation
of London and the governors of St. Bartholomew's Hospi-
tal as to the right of the former corporation to the appoint-
ment of the Mayor as president of the hospital. The ques-

lion arose thus :—ln 1861 Alderman Carroll died, and the
late Alderman Cubitt, then Lord Mayor, was elected presi-

dent of the hospital. He, as will be remembered, continued
Lord Mayor (having been elected for two years) until
November, 1862. He soon afterwards resigned his office as
alderman, and his resignation of that office was accepted,
and also of his office as president. In February, 1863,
he was, however, re-elected President. During the re-
sidue of the life of that respected gentleman, the ques-
tion now raised arose, which was in effect a question be-
tween "donation governors" and the corporation whether
the governors had a right to elect whom they pleased (from
among their own body) as president, or whether they were
bound to elect the Lord Mayor for the time being, or an
alderman that had passed the chair; and it was intended to
raise the question by quo warranto. The lamented death
of Mr. Cubitt, however, prevented this, and created another
vacancy—and, as the corporation and the donation gover-
nors deemed this a good opportunity for raising the ques-
tion in this court, it had been arranged that it should be
raised by an application for a mandamus. On the occasion
when Mr. Cubitt was re-elected president, the then Lord
Mayor—Mr. Alderman Rose— was also a candidate. Notice
was given to the governors that the corporation claimed
that he should be elected, and that therefore all votes given
_ .

for Mr. Cubitt would legally be thrown away. Hence it
will be seen that the present application was to the gover-
nors to admit Mr. Alderman hose to the office of president.
The question turns upon the construction of the ancient
charters and " orders" of the hospital (which were set out
at length in the affidavit of Mr, Woodthorpe, the town
clerk)—and it appeared that it mainly turns upon the
"order" of the hospitals of King Henry VIII. and King
Edward Vl.—viz., St. Bartholomew's, Christ's, Bridewell,
and St. Thomas's, which ran thus :
"First, how manye governours shal be elected; the
maner of their election. The number of persons that shal
governe the said iiii hospitalls shal be lxvi at the leaste ;
and xiiii of them to be aldermen (that is to say),—vi gray
clokes, and viii callabre with lii grave commoners, citizens,
and fremen of the said city--and ii of the aldermen of the
anncients gray clokes to be. governors-generall of all the
said iiii hospitalls ; and other xii aldermen shall be divided
equally to the iiii houses—that is to say, for every house iii
aldermen, whereof one shal be a gray cloke, who shal be
their president."
The affi lavit of the town clerk stated that " gray cloke"

meant an alderman who had passed the chair, or was Lord
Mayor at the time; and that, from a comparison of the
lists of presidents with the lists of aldermen and lord mayors,
it appeared that since 1554, the date of the above order
(which it was stated had never been rescinded) in a great
number of instances the president was qualified according to
that order, and that it did not appear that in any instance he
was not so. Upon this affidavit,

Sir Fitzroy Kelly, Q.C. (with whom the Common Ser-
geant, Q.C., Mr. Bovill, Q.C., and Mr. Archibald), moved,
on the part of the Lord Mayor and corporation, for a rule
for a mandamus to the treasurer and governors of " the
House of the Poor in West Smithfield, in the suburbs of
the city of London, of King Henry VIII.'s foundation,"
commonly called St. Bartholomew's Hospital, to admit W .
A. Rose, Esq., to the office of president of the said house. Sir
Fitzroy stated the substance of the charters and orders, so
far as they bore upon the question, and said that no question
had ever before been raised as to the qualification of the
preeidents being what the corporation contended. The re-
cords of the corporation had been diligently searched, and
no evidence was discovered tending at all to throw doubt
upon their claim.
The Court granted a rule nisi.