The Sun.
London, England, 1839-07-29 00:00:00

TO-MORROW, July 30, the ROYAL SOUTH LON-
DON FLORICULTURAL SOCIETY will hold their Splen
did SUMMER SHOW of all the Foral and Horticultural
Products of the Stason ! !

The unrivalled Band of this Establishment will give
A GRAND INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT.
Exhibition of the Extraordinary newly-discovered Light
KONIAPHOSTIC,
Under the superintendence of Mr. H. Carter.
And, at Dusk, the ERUPTION of MOUNT HECLA, &c.
Gates open at One o'clock.
Admission One Shilling.

PROMENADES MUSICALES ET CHAMPETRES.
" KONIA PHOSTIC," and ERUPTION of HECLA, every
MONDAY, TUESDAY, and THURSDAY.

WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW.
Moming ...... r 4 minutes after 4. 1 Evening —.5:2 minutes after 4.

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LONDON :
MONDAY, JULY 29, 1839.

While we agree with the Times and Mr.
D'lsan Eel, that inquiry into the causes of the
present condition of the people should precede new
Legislation, lest perchance we should add by our
remedies to the intensity of the disorder, we are not
disposed to agree with that Journal in ascribing
our social disease to .‘ the language of the Minis-
ters and their adherents." Neither do we think the
conduct of the Ministers, except as they have too
readily imitated the Tories, can be charged with hav-
ing brought it about. What share have they had in
reducing the people to poverty and starvation ?
They are not the authors of the Corn-laws. They
cannot, unfortunately, boast of having much con-
tributed to political knowledge, and thus of making
the people sensible of the defects of our institutions.
They are not the authors of those institutions, nor
of the faculty of discriminating good from evil, which
compels the people through their sufferings to con-
demn the laws. They did not in any way stimulate
or promote that vile selfishness in the priesthood,
which has made them pervert religion into an art
for emptying other people's pockets and filling their
own, and has deprived them of all influence over
the multitude. The Ministers had little or no part
in that long series of insolent, offensive, and wicked
legislation which has deprived the Legislature of
the respect once more deservedly borne to it than
now. They have but adopted the Tory prin-
ciples in proposing to put down political opi-
nions, which are new and strange, by force.
The principle of governing by terror is To-
ryism, and from the Tories the. Chartists have
adopted it as well as the Whigs. The Ministers
have had no part in spreading abroad the inflamma-
tory opinions of the Press, and are pefectly guilt-
less of bringing about those events on the Conti-
, nent which kindled anew in Britain the almost ex-
' tinguished desire for political improvement. They
must be exculpated from the charges of having
caused the evils under which the working classes
labour, or of having taught them to look for a re-
medy by violently overturning the Constitution.
The present disposition of the masses is not caused
by the Ministers, and the Ministers cannot cure it.
• This is not a mere barren speculative truth, but
of practical importance. The disposition com-
plained of in the people has grown up in spite of
the IVlinisters, in spite of the Opposition, in spite of
the middle classes, and in spite of the laws. It is
3 directly contrary to that quiet, peaceable, humble,
subservient demeanour which all these have for their ,I
object to inculcate. It is only caused indirectly by I
the laws, and is the very reverse of what the
lawmaker desires to effect. He must not look,
therefore, for the rule of his present con-
duct in previous statutes, or trust any longer
to his favourite political theories. He must
look to the principles of human nature as de-
veloped in the present proceedings of the 1
I masses, as well as indicated in past time,
for advice. The existing results—the absence
of tranquillity—the general feeling of alarm—
the felt necessity of strong coercive measures—the
announcement in the House of Commons that
civil war has been declared—the uncertainty that
even the costly and liberticide measures proposed
will answer the immediate object—the threatened re-
sistance, all show that the political experiments
both of Whigs and Tories have failed, and
that to obtain different results our statesmen must
try new combinations. It was not by continually
repeating the same experiment, with an ever-
mocking result, that Sir .H UMPHREY DA VY made
his chemical discoveries. And if our politicians,
instead of precipitating pure gold, can produce
nothing, by continually mingling aristocratic op-
pression and democratic suffering, but an explosive
powder, which has already done much mischief, and
cannot be handled without the greatest danger,
they must now vary their experiments. They have
tried taxes and the bayonet long enough—long
enough have they tried police and gibbets ; let
them now bethink themselves of other elements of
governing mankind. SYDNEY SMITH once re-
commended naturalists—apropos of the extraordi-
nary Continent of New Holland—to hold their
theories at single anchor ; and the present condi-
tion of the working classes, both moral and physi-
cal, being totally different from that our theoreti-
cal legislators have sought to bring about, indicates
that they ought at once to slip from their favourite
nostrums.

The Dublin Evening Mail, the Earl of RODEN'S
own peculiar organ, the instrument of his counsels
and echo of his thoughts and wishes, began last
Monday to publish the evidence taken before the
Committee of the Lords on the state of Ireland, of
which it still claims the exclusive possession. The
Editor vaunts his great continence and self-command,
inspired by respect for their Lordships, in having,
as he alleges, " so long withheld the publication of
this evidence, which had been, as many of our
private friends are aware, transmitted to us by our
London Correspondent from day to day, throughout
the whole of the protracted investigatiwi."
This is a frank confession, and would form a very
proper subject of inquiry before the House of Lords.
That Select Committee resolved, at the commence-
ment of its proceedings, by an unanimous vote, that
the Minutes of Evidence should be kept strictly
private ; and the following caution upon the subject
printed on the cover of each day's printed_ pro-
ccedings

Great inconvenience having arisen from the
publication of Minutes of Evidence taken befor
Committees, and of Papers, Sze. laid before them
it is particularly requested that Peers receiving such
minutes and papers will be careful that they are
confined to the objects for which they are printed,
them special use of the Lords appointed on such
ttees.

) It may, no doubt, have appeared specially useful
to more than one of the Lords appointed
upon that
Committee, that its Minutes should be iplaced, as
fast as they came out of the press, in the hands of
an Irish Tory Editor, and that many of his
privatei
friends should he aware of their contents. That
Editor is a great public functionary ; his
office
the resort of the leading political characters of hisls
party, not excluding an important portion of those
personages, who were summoned to enlighten the
Select Committee on the multifarious subjects sub-
mitted to its consideration ; and we can well under-
stand how subservient it might be rendered to the
" objects" in view, to have a cramming repository
in Dublin, where information could be had as to
the course of examination and cross-examination
pursued by that tribunal ; the various topics intro-
duced to its high consideration ; the degree of
favour with which they were severally received, and
the points on which it would behove witnesses, who
wished well to the cause, to make themselves
up for the special use of Lords appointed on such
Committee." it is not difficult, therefore, to sur-

mise, why the rule was departed from, so far as to
allow of the Minutes of the evidence being trans-
mitted from day to day, through the medium of a
London Correspondent, to the Dublin Evening
Mail.
But we must admire the rigour with which the
Committee questioned Mr. DRUMMOND upon this
very point. He had necessarily been put in pos-
session of the evidence of the witnesses who pre-
ceded him, having been brought forward in defence
of the Government, to explain or rebut their state-
ments ; and their Lordships took him to task with
the most inflexible gravity, to ascertain whether
any eye, save his own, had been suffered to pene-
trate the awful secrecy of their proceedings. There
is an appearance of what is vulgarly called solemn
humbug in this strictness, when one, at least, of
their Lordships, must have been conscious that the
rule had been systematically and regularly violated,
for the purpose of giving an undue advantage to
the enemies of the Government. Mr. DRUMMOND
did scrupulously attend to the rule ; but the evi-
dence was, from the very commencement of the in-
vestigation, placed by some Member or Members
of the Committee, at the disposal of the Editor of
the Evening Mail, and many of his private friends,
who would have been great fools indeed if they had
not used it—as we have no doubt they did use it—.
for the purposes of their faction.
The same Journal complains that the Committee
has merely printed the evidence, without pronoun-
cing judgment upon its substance. " This is the
more to be regretted"—it is added—" because it is
known that their Lordships had reduced their opinions
to the shape of a formal Report, the heads of which
are in our possession, and up to a late period on
Friday were prepared to lay it laefore the House."
Of the truth of this intelligence we believe there
is no doubt. As Lord RODEN'S Journal thinks
fit to broach it, we feel at perfect liberty to attest
the statement ; and, indeed, the Noble Lord him-
self, in his late address to the Orangemen against
processions, exulting in the great and triumphant
labours of the Committee, had prepared the public
for a very solemn and imposing enunciation. Why
then was it held back ? The Evening Maii
declares that the heads of the intended Re-
port are in its pcssession, and it might
have added, probably, that they were in
its possession long before the whole body of
evidence on which it professed to give a
deliberate judgment could have reached the City of
Dublin, nay before it could have been placed in an
authentic form before the Members of the Comm

tee itself. Why then did their Lordships, having.
jumped so eagerly to a conclusion, " pull in reso-
lution" at the last moment, and send out the evi-
dence without any expression of opinion at all ?
It cannot be that the original proposition was
negatived upon a division of the Committee, for
the Tory Members were something in the propor-
tion of four to one ! and they were unanimous, we
believe, throughout the whole proceedings, and upon
every question that came before them. Unless,
then, they found reason to alter their opinion, in the
evidence which they had not taken into considera-
tion when the heads of that intended formal Repoi t
were framed, or that they were made ashamed of
the precipitation and manifest injustice of having
agreed to a verdict, while the proceeding was still
coram judice, and, therefore, for the sake of their
own characters were glad to throw a veil over the
whole affair, we are utterly at a loss to account for
the change which came over their spirit in
extremis.

Small cause have they to thank their friend in
the Evening Mail for bringing this portion of their
secret and mysterious course before the public. But
the country will not regret it ; as it affords an apt
illustration of the peculiar notions entertained by
their Lordships upon a subject which has been se-
lected by one of their number for speedy discussion
—we mean the administration of justice.
" Gnossius hmc Rhadamanthus habet durissima regna ;
Castigatque, auditque dolos."

We insert elsewhere a correspondence on the
coal combination, which well deserves attention. It
is gratifying to find that a gentleman who has been
intimately connected with the trade in almost every
capacity for the last 40 years, agrees with the LORD
MAYOR on the main points for which his Lordship
has now been contending for eight months. He is
of opinion that the combination is injurious to the
pit owners as well as the consumers, that the exer-
tions of the LORD MAYOR are the best calculated
to bring about a great object of human happiness
and comfort—the supply of cheap and good coal to
the vast population of the metropolis ; and that the
breaking up of the monopoly would not in the
slightest degree injure what has been improperly
called the great nursery for British seamen. On
some items of calculation they differ, but the cir-
cumstance that his Lordship has lately directed his
attention most minutely to the subject, and his cor-
respondent professes no knowledge on some of the '
most important details, can leave no doubt which
authority carries the greatest weight. It will be
seen from the answer of the LORD MAYOR that
the Act prohibiting inland coals from being
brought within a certain distance of London
has been repealed. There is another point
of his Lordship's letter to which we call
the attention of all those who are opposed
to this starvation monopoly, and who would consult
the interests of the poor as well as their own
" With regard to the uncertainty of the winter, his
Lordship admits there is much to fear. The pub-
lic have not laid in their usual stock of coals, and
he expects, when the winter approaches, and it is
found that the supply has been purposely kept
back, that the price of coals will be very much
higher than at present." The remedy is simple.
Let all, who can, lay in a supply in time, break the
back of the monopoly by the 9th of November, and
afford the Chief Magistrate, on resigning his office,
the only return for his exertions he requires—the
prospect of a cheap supply of one of the great
necessaries of life to the thousands struggling
against poverty and starvation in the depth of
winter. If they do this, the combination is at an
end, and there is one great monopolist who will be I
forced to admit that the LORD MAYOR of London '
knew more about the matter than the chamber-
maids
and the Marquis of LONDONDERRY.

The affairs of Hanover assume daily a more
important aspect, and we therefore lay before our
readers the representation of the Magistracy of the city of Hanover to the Germanic Diet, on which
all the recent events hinge. If we wished to find
fault with it, we should say that it expresses far
too much respectful confidence in Prince ERNEST,
and is altogether too submissive. Yet this very
document—humble though it be—is laid hold of by
him and his Ministers, to encroach still more on
the privileges of the people, by suspending the
Chief Magistrate of the city of Hanover, contrary
to law, and threatening him and all the others who
signed the remonstrance, with judicial proceedings.
The citizens did not remain quiet under this violent
infringement of their privileges—they assembled
around the Palace, as we have before mentioned,
and at the same time sent a deputation to Prince
ERNEST, demanding that, in compliance with
the rights of the citizens, Syndic EVERS
should take the Stadt-Director's place for the pre-
sent. It was stated that Prince ERNEST, hearing
from his man SCIIELE that such an arrangement
was according to law, appeared to agree to this,
and the citizens, content with even so small
a concession to their rights, peaceably sepa-
rated. We learn, however, from the Hamburg
Papers, that M. HEILIGER, the person in the first
instance nominated to fill M. Rum!An's place,
arrived in haste on the evening of the 17th, and the
next morning took the chair at the Rathhaus or
Town Hall. Such an additional example of deceit
added to previous tyranny, served to exasperate the
citizens ; popular tumults followed, blood is
said to have been shed, and it is difficult to say
what may be the ultimate result. Might before
Right is the practice if not the theory of Monarchs,
or else we should have no doubt of the result, for
never were the rights of a patient, loyal, and well-
disposed people more rudely, and with less provo-
cation, assaulted, than Prince ERNEST has assault-
ed the rights of the Hanoverians. Hitherto they
have never swerved from their loyalty ; they have
done all, nay more than we should have deemed
necessary, to obtain in peace, the restoration of their
rights,—rights about which there seems to be but
one voice in the country ; and now all their patience
and forbearance have only served to provoke their
ruler to further and more unwarrantable tyranny.
We shall see whether they will tamely submit to be
slaves, or make one vigorous united effort to assert
and maintain those rights. We are grieved to learn
that individuals were found foolish enough to as-
sault the cavalry by throwing stones, &c. This is