The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-03 00:00:00

FREEDOM OF THE CROWN PEASANTS.

BERLIN, AUGUST 3.

Intelligence received here from St. Petersburg
to the Ist inst. states that the Emperor of Russia
has issued a ukase, declaring free landholders the
two million peasants who are tenants of the Crown
domains and appanages.
ST. PETERSBURG, AUG. 2.

A despatch has been published from Prince
Gortschakoff to Councillor de Knorring, charge
d'affiires at Vienna, on the 27th ult., with regard
to the Note of Count Rechberg of the 12th.

The despatch expresses surprise to find that Count
Rechberg has hinted the possibility of Russia enter•
taining a reservation, and proceeds
" If this view of the subject has been put forward
by Count Rechberg from a desire to remove all
idea of a separate agreement, which might be
judged incompatible with the engagements con-
tracted by Austria, and with the point of departure
with which she connects her measures, let us
hasten to bear witness that no agreement whatever
has taken place between her and ourselves upon
the subject of the late overtures. We have deduced
no approbation from the Austrian Note of the 18th
of June, and have anticipated her refusal of a Con-
ference. We have not dreamt of establishing any
assimilation between Galicia and Poland, but tradi-
tion, precedents, and the assistance received by the
insurgents from Galicia, attest their common inte-
rests, and show the necessity of an understanding
between the three Northern Courts.

" The proposition for a Conference was conceived
in a friendly spirit, in conformity with the relations
and interests of the two Courts, and we should

reject any different interpretation."

The despatch terminates with an expression o
Prince Gortachakoff's regret that the Note of Count
Rechberg presages a different impression.

...,......,......

POET II G A L.
LISBON, JULY 30.

(Per the Magdalena.)
The royal family continues to reside at Mafra.
The state of the Queen's health is very satisfactory.
The King and the Due de Penthievre are to-day
on board the Portuguese war steamer Modell°,
which is practising her artillery.
The Duc de Pent hievre, who has been staying on
a visit to the Kings leaves shortly for New York on
board the American war frigate Macedonia, which
has arrived here.

It is said that the King intends to open the
Agricultural Exhibition at Braga.
The reported resignation of the Bishop of Oporto
is unfounded.

There is every probability that the Ministers will
not renew the present tobacco contract, and that
the commerce in this article will be thrown open,
The Government are prosecuting the Company
formed for supPlYing Lisbon with water, for breach
of contract.

The G
soovo c rne
nmt eon s t has purchased on account of the
Crown
rein in the Portuguese funds,
e 0 f
with the proceeds of
.the diamonds recently sold.
The sale was effected in Lisbon to the agent of a
French house.

The misunderstanding between the Government
and the representatives of Senor Salaraarca con-
tinues. The lost section of the line of railway from
Crato to the Spanish frontier continues closed to
traffic by order of the Government surveyors.
The Viscountess de Cartacho is dead.

Tin Lisbon for the survivors
of theh The
wreck subscription
oh
Catalonian has been closed, and
amounts to £2OO.
te

The keels have been laid at the Royal Arsenal of
two new corvettes, to be named Duke of Palmella
and Duke do Terceira.

The vine disease continues to be developed.
Rentes, 481. Coupons, 48Z. Exchange on Lon-
don, 528. Hamburg, 48.
Bank of f pt
o9rotudgaayls.
shares,Pndis,
535. Bank of Oporto
54 a
shares, 252.

-

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
LISBON, Wednesday, July 29.
In the Gazeta de Portugal we observe a deeply
interesting and recently completed report of the
Commission charged, as far back as 1860, to inquire
into the question of the Enfants Trouves, the
Foundlings. From this report it unahappily appears
that the mortality among illegitimate children
amounts, in various quarters, to no less than
80 per cent. And this in spite of the fact that
2,200,000 francs are expended by the State in sup-
port of the interests of the poor Foundlings. The
commission recommends, in its report, certain new
measures of supervision, together with the more
direct interference of the administrative au-
thorities and of the levies in aid of those
who cannot unhappily contribute to the
support of their illegitimate offspring. This
new authorisation, however, would be carried on
simultaneously with the continuance of the Found-
ling establishments already in existence, as asylums
for those poor human waifs and strays—though
without the continuance of the old system of
the bell and turn-table, a system found to
offer too great facilities for indiscriminate
admissions. Upon this head, however, the
Portuguese Government intimates that it asks
the advice of the Prefects, with a view, of course,
to the confirmation of its own judgment through the
aid of a more extended experience.
The temperature is described by the Gazeta as
cooler than it had been. The capital is beginning
to
the
t in
ou
na
tl
rr
ye a fromfur
rdy
their the
late
summer, withdrawalo ro t visitors
early
autumn
u t
ui
nto
holidays.

Extraordinary inspectors of the public schools,
intended to go all over the country upon a tour of
examination, have recently been appointed by the
Government.

THE BRAZIL MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, AUG. 3.

The Royal Mail Company's steamship Magda-
ena, Captain Robert Woolward, with dates from

Buenos Ayres, June 27; Monte Video, June 30;
Rio de Janeiro, July 9 ; Bahia, July 13 ; Pernam-
buco, July 15; St. Vincent, July 22; and Lisbon,
July 30, has arrived here.
She brings 124 passengers, and landed 119 at
Lisbon, and £15,788 in specie; jewellery value £BO,
4 packages of diamonds, and a general cargo, con-
sisting of 300 rolls tobacco, 100 barrels tapioca, 50
Herons ipecacuanha, 23 cases plants, 87 bales cotton,
232 boxes apples, 46 boxes pears, and 147 packages
sundries.

PERNAMBUCO, JULY 15.

The Confederate steamer Georgia, Maury com•
mander, captured the American ship City of Bath,
736 tons, W. J. Cooper, master, on the 28th June,
in lat. 20.30, south, long. 29.30, west, off the desert
island of Trinidad, belonging to Brazil. This vesse
was from Callao, with a cargo of guano on French
account, bound for Antwerp ; the master being com-
pelled to give a ransom bond for 20,000 dols., the
vessel was allowed to proceed on her voyage.
The Georgia bad taken the American ship Con-
stitution (on 25th June), with 1,300 tons coals from
Philadelphia, bound for Shanghai, and was dis-
charging the coal for the purpose of fitting out the
ship as a cruiser ; also the ship Good Hope, released
on giving ransom, and the Deserter burned. The
Vanderbilt has proceeded to Trinidad.
The American ship Samuel Robertson, 421 tons,
Hunter, master, which vessel put in here 15th June
on her voyage from New Bedford to Honolulu,
having been condemned, was sold by auction for
8,040 rs.

The bark Respigadera, of and from Liverpool,
for Callao, was wrecked off Cape Tres Puntas, o❑
the south-east coast of America, in lat. 47.8 south,
and crew eseaped in three boats. The master,
James Joss, and six of the crew, had arrived at
Buenos Ayres. The jolly boat and gig, with seven
others, were lost sight of, and had not been heard
of by those who had reached Buenos Ayres.

Vessels spoken by the Magdalena—July 14, in
lat. 10.47 S,, long. 36.15 W., the French mail
steamer, going south ; 17th, lat. 2.57 long.
31.10 W., the English bark Montezuma,
from Glasgow for Valparaiso, 40 days out ;
21st, lat. 13.27 N., long. 26.17 W., the outward
mail steamer Oneida; 26th, lat. 27.58 N., long. 19
W., the Bremen ship Willey, steering south.
Political affairs are unsettled in the River Plate
Republics, General Penaloza, the great demagogue
of Rioja, held supreme power in the second city of
the Republic, Cordova.
The Northern Railway was opened as far as Los
Olivas.

Business dull at Buenos Ayres, and money
tight. Rain had fallen at last, and the pasture
lands were again in good condition. Exchange on
England, 665. to 665. 6d. ; on France, 83f. to 838 f
Doubloons, 459 doll. paper currency each.
Rio coffee-market inactive. Sales from the Bth
of June to the 7th of July, 58,840 bags, of which
20,500 for the States, 34,900 for the Channel, 960
for the Mediterranean, and 2,480 for the Cape of
Good Hope. Quotations :—Superior, washed and
pulped, 8,000 to 8,700 ; 7,400 to 7,500 ; first good,
7,100 to 7,300; first ordinary, 6,900 to 7,000; se-
cond, 6,400 to 6,800. No sales of hides ; stock,
8,200, held at 220 to 260 rs. Exchange on London,
268 to 27d. ; Paris 353 to 356.

At Bahia exchange transactions unimportant,
mostly passing at 27d., an later a few thousands at
26;d. Coeton, 19,5000; sales few. Little coffee
at market, and selling at 5,800 to 6,000. No sales
os cocoa ; holders demand 3,700 to 3,800,

FRANCE.
FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.

PARIS, Monday, August 3.
A very telling article appears in L' Union of this
morning apropos to the recent expatiation by La
France upon its famous thesis, or theory, as it
might be called, in regard to the probable "Isola-
tion of Russia." Any isolaton of that kind being
scouted by L' Union as nothing less than a sterile
and peurile chimera!

Speaking of the Mexican war, L' Union ex-
claims :—" Catholicism ! monarchy ! Behold, the
immense benefits of which France can now insure
the enjoyment to Mexico! Behold, the inestimable
price she can draw from her victory ! France, in
truth, has no other policy than this to pursue there,
that is in the sense of the Mexican expedition.
That of conqueat would be ruinous ; that of retreat
insensate. That on the contrary is the constituting
henceforth in Mexico of a free and Catholic Royalty
is the only honourable and fruitful policy that
France can dream of carrying out there !
Prince Metternich, says the Pays, has returned
from Trouville to Paris, in order to receive the
last instructions from the Viennese Cabinet on the
subject of the accordant policy of the three Powers.
Referring to the late military events in Poland,
L'Opinion Nationale of to-day remarks that those
events show incontestably that Russia is now re-
ceiving check upon check.
Le Constitutionnel contains a very biting reply
to La Presse dubbed by Le Constitutionnel the
avowed advocate of the Russian Government.
While sarcastically congratulating the Govern.
ment of the Autocrat upon having in M.
Girardin so conciliatory a champion among
Russian journalists, Le Constztutionnel say,
with an ineffable sneer at La Presse, it Would
have been better for Prince Gortachakoff to have
found one a trifle more concise, more logical, and
more inventive I
Le Siecle wittily remarks that the solicitude of
the Press in behalf of Poland increases in proportion
to the delays or slowness of diplomacy.

SPAIN.,
(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
MADRID, August 1.

We can state confidently that the Spanish trans-
lation of M. Renan's insidiously beautiful but
Pagan Vie de Jesus has been prohibited from ap-
pearing by the Spanish Government.
According to a commuication from La Granja,
published in the .Epoca, her Majesty Queen Isa-
bella is now in the fourth month of her pregnancy.

TEE RHAMSIN.—This is the name of a wind
peculiar to Egypt, and which blows for 50 days
together, between Easter and Whitsuntide. M. Gregoire,
a member of the Egyptian Institute, has recently made it
the subject of a very interesting paper. Ineenvenient to
men and hurtful to animals, this wind is particularly noxi-
ous to plants. Under the influence of its burning blast the
leaves wither, the flowers fade, and the fruit suddenly.
stopped in its development, dries up before it can get ripe
The atmosphere is filled with a large quantity of sand of the
desert, which will sometimes bury whole caravans under
the shifting hillocks it forms ; on the contrary, the sand
brought into Egypt by the Rhamsin is an almost implac •
able powder, which will penetrate into any place, no matter
how carefully closed, even into a watch-case, This explains
the opacity of the atmosphere, the elevation of the tempera-
ture, and dryness of the air during the prevalence of
this wind. M. Gregoire points out the principal losses
occasioned by this wind. Those kinds of fruit which have a
kernel never ripen, when exposed to it during the first pe-
riod of their development. It is also extremely pernicious to
silk-growers; for when it blowsstrongabout theperiod when
the silkworms cast their skins for the last time about one-
half of the worms die, But the greatest loss occasioned by
this wind is the destruction of the corn harvest in the fol-
lowing way :—Every ear of corn is found in the morning
covered with small dew-drops adhering to each grain; their
globular form causes them to act the part of convex leaves,
which, concentrating the luminous rays of the sun upon
the young grain, produce an elevation of temperature which
not only destroys the seed but the young plant, which,
though green a few hours before, withers up, and must be
cut down after exposure to the action described. To avoid
this misfortune M. Gregoire proposes to reap the corn be-
fore it is completely ripe,
a practice which is generally fol-
lowed in the South of France.

Bulwer Lytton's " Strange Story," in French,
forms the 580th to the 585th volumes of the " Bibliotheque
Choisie," published at Naumburg,