The Sun.
London, England, 1863-11-03 00:00:00

ST, GEORGE'S-IN-THE-EAST,

On Sunday morning there was a large congregation as-
sembled in the parish church of St. George-in-the-East, in
the expectation that the new rector, the Rev. J. Lockhart
Ross, would preach his inaugural sermon, It appears that
the necessary preliminaries for an exchange between Mr.
Ross and Mr. Bryan King have not been legally completed.
Accordingly the Rev. W. C. Howell, M.A., of Brasenose
Collpegarei,sho,xafiigradm, wphreonohhased.forAsfotemre
atimoare past deoxnpeosdituityon in
of
the
the text, the 15th chapter of St. Paul's Epistle to the Ro-
mans, verse 4, the rev. gentleman said that probably this
was the last time he should address the parishioners of St.
George's from that pulpit. All of them were aware that an
exchange of livings was about to take place between their
present pastor (Mr. Bing) and the vicar of a parish inWilt-
shire. That exchange, it was probable, would be ratified in
the course of the present week, and in that case the new
rector would occupy the place from which he then spoke
next Sunday. He would therefore just remind the con-
gregation for a few moments of what had been his manner
of life among them for the last year and ten months,
during which he had resided there. When, 22 months ago,
he was induced to undertake the spiritual oversight of that
parish, or rather the district immediately round the parish
church, comprising 22,000 souls, he was distinctly given to
understand, and he fully expected, that he should have
the assistance of a brother clergyman. In that expectation
he had been deceived. The consequence had been that for
the last 22 months the whole spiritual charge of these
20,000 people, together with the secular correspondence and
other matters connected with the parish, had devolved solely
and entirely upon himself. Finding himself, soon after he
came there, in that position, he induced the rector of the
parish to make application to the Curates' Aid Society for
a second curate. That application was refused—a refusal
which he could not but loot upon as a singular mode of
carrying out the object of the society, which was to provide
additional curates for populous planes. From such a quarter
the refusal came with the worst possible grace. The society
had published a fearful, though somewhat an exaggerated,
account of the heathenism and moral degradation of St.
George's-in-the-East, and had founded upon that state-
ment a claim to public support. He mentioned this cir-
cumstance in justification of himself, lest the parishioners
might suppose that he knowingly entered alone the spiritual
charge of 20,000 people. He assured them that he did no
such thing. He thought he should have had at least the
assistance of one clergyman, and he did his best to obtain
the assistance of another. The consequence of this had
been, as he had said, that the parishioners had been deprived
of those services in the school-room and elsewhere which
it would have been his wish, as it would have been his
duty, to provide. That same account of the heathenism
of St. George's-in-the-East which was published
in one of the quarterly papers of the Additional Curates
Society was also published in one of the papers of the
Church of England Scripture Readers' Society. The result
was that a sum was provided for a time for the parish, and
on the recommendation of the Bishop, and with the consent
of the rector, the services of a Scripture reader were ob-
tained. For several months past he had visited from house to
house in one part of the parish, and, as far'as he had had the
opportunity of observing, he had combined a conscientious
with a judicious discharge of his duties. He feet that as not
only all the services of the church, but the visitation of the
sick members of the church, and such secular business con-
nected,with the parish had devolved upon him, it had been
impossible for him to do justice to each branch of his clerical
duty. He had endeavoured to do his duty to the parishioners
without compromising him who was still their rector, by con-
ducting the public services of the church in a way not to give
the slightest reasonable cause of offense to any member of the
church or congregation. His sole object had been to solve a
problem which he might liken to the mathematical problem
of the three bodies. First, he had had to satisfy Christ's
church ; secondly, the people committed to his charge ;
and, thirdly, not to compromise that rector whu was still
expected to occupy that pulpit had not an exchange taken
place. That problem he had endeavoured to solve by the
application of the principle of universal charity and for-
' bearance. He cordially thanked the past and present
churchwardens, the trustees of the charity schools, and
other parochial officers for the courtesy which had been
extended to him ; passed a high eulogium upon the parish-
ioners generally, notwithstanding many serious evils in the
parish to which he could not shut his eyes, and concluded
by bidding all God speed and farewell. Mr. Howell's de-
parture is said to be regarded Ly the leading parishioners,
most of whom were present at yesterday's service, as a great
lost to the parish.

THE LOSS OF THE BARK GANGES.

The following is the official report to the Lords
of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade, from
the Dublin Local Marine Board, dated Oct. 27 :
"My Lords,—ln accordance with your instructions I
have, in conjunction with Capt. Baker and Capt. Robinson,
R.N., as Nautical Assessors, held an inquiry into the total
loss of the bark Ganges, near Torney Mooney Pont, on the
Antrim coast, in Ireland, on the morning of the 18th of
September last, at about 3 30. The Ganges was a wooden
vessel, bark-rigged, built at New Brunswick in 1836, and
registered in the port of Dublin in 1851, being insured at
Glasgow for £1,500. She was 675 tons register, and was
owned by Messrs. J. E. and James Martin, of Dublin. She
was commanded by Mr. Thos. Hoare, who holds a certifi-
cate of competency, No. 1,457, dated the 24th of October,
1859, and she had a crew of 18 hands, all told. The Ganges
sailed from Stranraer, in Scotland, on the 12th of Septem-
ber last, in ballast, bound for Quebec for a cargo of timber,
in tow of a steamtugt Before leaving Stranraer part of the
crew complained, as they said, of the unseaworthy state of
the ship, It appears the Ganges had been surveyed at
Limerick on the 10th of March, 1862 ; but, notwithstand-
ing, the magistrates at Stranraer directed another survey to
be held on the ship to satisfy all parties, cn the complaint
being brought to their notice :officially. The survey was
held three days before the ship left that port. The certifi-
cate having proved satisfactory to the magistrates, the ship
proceeded, as before stated, on the 12th. On reaching Rath-
lin Sound the breeze increased from the westward,and the sea
got up rapidly. At 3 a.m. the hawser parted, and the steam-
tug, though promising to remain by the ship till daylight,
left them, when, finding she had done so, double-reefed
topsails were set on the ship, with the intention of work-
ing her to the windward. This course was adopted until
the 16th, blowing hard all the time; but they found the
ship made no progress, nor could they succeed in beating
her to windward through the Channel. The wind on the
16th increased from the west to the north- westward,and the
weather became dirty, and very squally, which induced the
master to put back to Belfast Lough, and there to remain
until the weather became moderate. They succeeded in
getting into the entrance of the Lough, and anchored in
seven fathoms of water, remaining at anchor till the follow-
ing day, the 17th. At noon on that day they weighed
anchor, the wind being variable from south to south-west-
ward. Theypassed the Maiden Lighthouses at about three
p.m. The wind was then S., but soon after passing these
lighthouses the wind veered round to the westward, coming
down in strong squalls. ,The topsails were then reefed, and
the ship braced upon the port tack, heading N.N.W. to
N.W. The wind and sea becoming more boisterous, and the
ship making no progress to windward, the master attempted
to get her into Red Bay, but unsuccessfully, the weather
becoming still worse. At this time the ship was making no
extra water, the pumps being manned every four hours and
sucking in about 15 minutes. About 8 p.m. of the 17th,
having failed to get her into Red Bay, the master deter-
mined to keep her on and off near the land in smooth water
during the night. This course was adopted successfully
during a greater part of the night, the master himself re-
maining on deck during all the first watch and up to 1 45
of the middle watch, when he left the second officer in
charge and went inte his cabin, being completely knocked
up, having had no rest for 30 hours at least. The ship was
on the starboard tack when the master went below, heading
to the southward, the Maiden Lights being right ahead,
distant by hie calculation about seven or eight miles, the
land on the starboard beam being distinctly visible. At
2 20 it appears that the second mate, who had charge of
the watch, wore the ship round to the north-westward,
being the inshore tack. This was done without calling
the master, who avers that he gave him (the second
mate) distinct orders not to wear the ship without calling
him. Theifated Ganges stood in towards the land from
this time, and it would appear that the set of the tide
might have accelerated her approach to the dangerous
position where she subsequently became a wreck, as at
about 3 20 the second mate, who was in charge, finding
the ship very close to the land, put the helm hard up, call.
ing the men aft to wear the ship, but she paid off very
slowly, having very little way through the water, and the
crew being very slack in attending to the orders of their
officer. In about 10 minutes, or at 3 30 a.m., while they
were attempting to wear off the land, the ship struck on the
rocks, and subsequently became a total wreck. After the ship
struck the master rushed on deck and ordered the yards to
be laid aback. This order the crew refused to obey, being
occupied getting their traps on to the rocks, which they
managed to do in the unprecedented time of five minutes
after the ship struck. The officers, carpenter, and one or
two others did at once obey the captain's order, but without
any result, as the ship was too firmly fixed on the rocks.
A stream anchor was laid out about 9 a.m., but before this,
at daylight or soon after, the coastguard boat came along-
side, from Cushenden station, in charge of the chief boat-
man, who, it appears, consulted with the master, and ren-
dered every assistance in his power. At high water, about
2 p.m., they hove upon the hawser attached to the anchor
laid out without effect, and on the tide receding the ship
lan
the landing
over to port and gradually filled, and it was the opinion
e d. of the coastguard boatman and of his crew that the ship
could not possibly be got off. The captain then, with the
assistance of the coastguard men and a portion of his crew,
commenced
ifnogl theio sin
sing
m ship'sornsitnogr,e stores,,
ew which wasthe araccasomter-
pl
went the village where his ship's company had secured
lodgings,
and called upon the to board men go onanddis-
mantle the ship, which they all refused to do without extra
• remuneration. In reviewing this case I feel it my duty to
remark upon the general insubordination of the crew,
which, especially after the disaster, was most censurable, as
the ship does not seem to have been in a state to warrant
the objections raised by them to proceed in her on the
voyage referred to, Upqa the proceedings of the vessel up

to the night otthe 17th there occurred nothing requiring
much comment, as the master seems to have done every-
thing in his power for the safe navigation of his vessel, and
to have exerted himself in a praiseworthy manner, remain-
ing on deck for many hours without rest. On the night in
question he (the master) continued on deck during the first
watch, the ship being wore round several times off and on
the land until 145 a.m. He remained in charge of the
vessel himself, which was then in a safe position. I think,
with the concurrence of the nautical assessors, that the
master was then justified in going to his cabin to obtain a
little rest after so many hours' work on deck. His last
order as to calling him was not attended to by the second
mate, who took on himself the responsibility of wearing the
ship. This act was, in the opinion of the Court, most in-
judicious. The vessel having been so wore round by the
second mate, and thus brought into a most dangerous posi-
tion, from which she could not possibly be extricated, was
the immediate cause of her loss. In addition to this, his
hating failed to use the load, standing in towards the land,
was most reprehensible. It is therefore my duty, with the
concurrence of my assessors, to pronounce the second mate
in default, and to suspend his certificate for six calendar
months from this date. With reference to the master's con-
duct on the night in question, although the Court exonerate
him from blame as to the immediate cause of the calamity,
his having omitted to give orders on this and on every other
occasion to keep the lead going frequently, but particularly
on the inshore tack, cannot be passed over without admo-
nishing him as to the absolute necessity of making use of it
on all occasions when near to or approaching the land ; and
I trust that this lamentable catastrophe may operate as a
salutary lesson to induce him to use greater caution in
future.—l have, &c.,

"J. W. O'DONNELL, J.P.
" We concur in the above report,
"R. B. BAKER, Nautical
" C. A. P. J. ROBINSON, Commander, R.N., f Assessors.
" Herewith are forwarded a copy of the evidence, the
ship's registry, and the second mate's certificate."

THE PRUSSIAN ELECTIONS,

A leiter, dated Berlin, October 31, says:--Those elec-
tions of which the results were not known when my last
letter was despatched have strengthened the Conservative
minority, which is now estimated at 40 deputies, including
some of the most notable members of the party. Among
these are Count Blankenburg, a man of some ability and a
fair enough speaker, who enjoyed a certain popularity in
the former Parliaments in which he sat, the last of these
being that which expired in the Spring of 1861. He was
was one of the 40 or 50 feudal deputies who survived the
great defeat sustained by that party at the elections of 1858.
M. Wegener, formerly editor of the ifieur, Zeitung, and
still an active and influential member of the party, has also
been returned. He is a lawyer and a fluent speaker, and
particularly noted for sophisms, a species of argument which
no one who defends that side of the question can afford to
do without. Then I find that M. Wantrup, notwithstand-
ing his ultra views and tendency to buffoonery, is thought
a great acquisition by his party, which is also indebted to
this general election for the return of Count Pfeil, whom
people here declare to be crazy. It is to be observed that
no town of any importance has returned Ministerial candi-
dates, and that most of those have been elected in the
rural districts of Pomerania and Silesia, where the Junker
influence is powerful, and Government pressure has full
scope. Letters from Pomerania mention the most outrage
ous examples of the manner in which that pressure has been
applied. From various parts of Prussia we learn that in-
ferior public functionaries, those whose sole choice was be-
tween obedience to the will of Government and a dismissal,
which in most cases would have been tantamount to starva-
tion, were driven to the voting places like sheep to the
market. Everywhere the screw was pest on to the utmost
possible extent, and the result, has been such as to show hJve
completely without support in the country the present
Government is. In a few electoral districts which may
be looked upon as close boroughs, in others where the
population is of mixed nationality, and in some so remote
that even the telegraph wire does not reach them, the sup-
porters of Government have secured 39 or 40 seats, the oc-
cupants of which the semi-official organ declares to be "de-
cided Conservatives." Forty followers for M. Bismark-40
gentlemen prepared to refuse to the nation the right of con-
trolling its own expenditure. The Absolutist and Anti-
Constitutional party has not yet quite got up to the mark
down to which it dwindled in the elections of 1858, when,
deprived of the Government influence and coercion, previ-
ously so liberally exerted in its behalf, it suddenly sank
from a commanding position in the Chamber to a little group
oiosdr
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an
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this general election was not to be considered as a decisive
conflict, but merely as a political reconnaissance en force.
Doubtless the Absolutists will be quite satisfied with the
result if they aro thereby enabled to persuade the King that
the country is coming back to its loyalty, and that the 40
Conservative deputies in reality represent the flower of the
nation. If his Majesty is to be convinced of this, it will
certainly not be by the perusal of the names of those dis-
tricts which returned the gentlemen in question.
With respect to the manner in which the new Chamber
will divide itself, exact numbers can hardly be given until
it shall have sat a short time, but an approximate estimate
may be ventured upon. The Fortschrittt and Left Centre
will reckon 240 members. With this compact and united
majority will vote several small fractions—Dr. Lette and
three members of the "Parliamentary Association" (as it
was called in the last Chamber) ; President Grabow and
three or four entirely independent members, and (at
least on all constitutional questions) the remain-
der of the old Liberal party, Count Schwerin, M.
Simson, &c. These bring the Liberal majority up to 260.
With it the Poles, 26 in number, may also be expected
usually to vote ; while, on the other hand, the Ultramontane
fraction, or at least its majority, will habitually support the
Government. The greatest success has been, as was anti-
cipated, for the Party of Progress, which will have 150
votes, just three-sevenths of the whole Chamber, and which
under present circumstances is quite sure to find at least a
hundred other deputies voting with it on every question
that can well arise in the course of the session, likely to
commence within a fortnight, and destined, according to
the prevailing belief, to be but short-lived. At the previous
elections it can scarcely be said that in Berlin and the large
provincial towns there was anything like a serious conflict,
but this time it has been a hollow thing, and the n- ajorities
have been enormous. North and south, east and west,
wherever the largest populations are, Fortschritt deputies
have been chosen, and in those towns of any importance
where they were not returned, the seats were almost inva-
riably taken by the men who fight under the etiumly popular
banner of Bockum Dolffs, the Jate and present allies of the
Party of Progress. Probably no electoral district has re-
turned more thoroughgoing Liberals than the four districts
of Berlin. Indeed, not all the changes that have taken
place in the representation of this capital are much to be
applauded. Although M. Twesten may not have pleased
his party by his speeches in the last session, it is difficult
to consider that Berlin gains by the substitution of the
ultra-Radical Professor Temme, and the name of Jacoby is
one to which strong objections are raised even by very stanch
and sincere Liberals. Schulze-Delitsch and Waldeck, two
of the best of the nine chosen, will sit for other places for
which they have also been elected, and where there is less
certainty, should they decline the seats, of members
of the same party being again returned, than there
is in Berlin. The loss of M. Von Saucken-Julien-
felde will be regretted. He is considered to belong
to the old Liberal fraction, highly unpopular, and
which has been almost entirely turned out by the Conser-
vatives and the men of progress; but he is an enlightened
and sincere politician, and one of a class and position daily
becoming scarcer in the Prussian Chamber. It cannot be
said that the absence of M. George von Vincke from the
Diet will be equally deplored, unless it be by the Berliner
Allgemeine, which declares it a scandal that he should
have been defeated by a coalition of Progressists and Poles,
his supporters being the combined Conservatives and old
Liberals. That the Conservatives should have voted for
him is not surprising, for he repeatedly showed Ministerial
leanings towards the latter part of last Session, and was
also addicted to attacks on the Liberal party, which is
heartily sick of his fantastical freaks, his bad temper, and
of that uncontrollable pugnacity which forms a prominent
feature in his character, and often induces him to fall foul
of a friend rather than have no fight. The Ultramontane
party has lost several of its most prominent members.
' There have been eight candidates elected twice over. Of
the more prominent members of the Chamber, besides
' Vincke and Saucken-Julienfelde, Patow, Kuhne, and
Ronne have lost their seats ; also Aurswald, brother of the
former Minister. Three of the Polish deputies elected are
now fugitives in foreign countries, and, did they return
hither to take their seats, would probably be sent to keep
company with about a hundred of their fellow-countrymen
' now lodged, on charges of political offences, in the prison
of the Husvoigtei, in Berlin. Their names are Count
Dzialynski, von Guttry, and Bentkowski—the last-named
the companion of Langiewicz in his unfortunate enterprise
in Southern Poland. Of the 40 votes claimed by the sup-
porters of Government two or three are at least doubtful.
Ex• Minister von der Heydt, for instance, can hardly be
confidently reckoned upon as the supporter of a Cabinet
some of whose members he disagreed with to the point of
resignation, while others came in to pursue the policy he
• declined to carry out. If M. von der Heydt be as adroit as
some believe, he may yet find a prominent part to play in
those troublous times of Prussian politics.

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SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TlMES.—There are many agreeable sensations lo
be felt by the man who succeeds rather suddenly and
unexpectedly toa fine estate. He is raised in his own
opinion and in that of his neighbours tar above the
position which he formerly occupied. He is neither
stronger, nor wiser, nor handsomer, nor better ; but
he fills a larger space in the eyes of others and in
his own. The laws on which the world is conducted

would, however, be signally reversed in his favour if
this brilliant position were not attended with very
notable drawbacks. He has a great deal more busi •
ness to do ; and amid the subtleties of lawyers, the
claims of mortgages, the reports of architects and

estate agents, and the grunibling of tenants, may
sometimes regret his modest chambers at the Temple
and his three-shilling dinner at his club. But per-
haps the greatest tribulation which he has to endure
is, that all the world believe themselves to be in a

position to give him advice. To pay off his mort-
gages, to borrow money for draining, to alter the old
house, to pull it down, to add to it, to buy more land
or to sell some that he has, to cut down his trees or
to plant new ones, t,) make a lake or to fill up the
like that he has got, these and a hundred similar
admonitions are sure to be volunteered for his bene-

fit. Very similar to this is the case of Italy. She
has come into her estate at last, after having bean
kept out of it nearly 400 years. She is, in conse-
quence—we will not say the best, but certainly the
most advised country in Europe. There is nobody
who has managed his own affairs so ill that he feels
disqualified to offer an opinion on the management
of the affairs of Italy. Everybody knows exactly
what bhe ought to do—to centralise, to decentralise,
to reform, to readjust, to put down, to raise up, to
undo the evils of four centuries in as many years, to
work without tools, and to make bricks without
straw. But after all the admonition which has been
lavished on Italy, the one point upon which advice
was really most required, and upon which neglect
will be most fatal, has been altogether neglected.
Errors of all other kinds are retrievable; but neither
liberty, good government, progress, nor self-respect is
long possible with low credit and disordered finances.
We have no right to expect from Italy that which
no nation has ever yet attained—the art of making
cheap wars and economical revolutions. These are
discoveries reserved doubtless for a more advanced
period of the history of the world, for we have cer-
tainly made no approach to them hitherto ; but,
nevertheless, the expenditure of Italy is not justi-
fied by her present resources. She has for the last
five years been getting into debt at the rate of
£16,000,000 a year. A loan of £40,000,000 ster-
ling cleared off the extra expenses of war and revo-
lution up to the end of the year 1861, and left a
surplus of 14,000,000 f. remaining. Here; then, we
might reasonably have expected that a new point of
departure would be taken, and that if an equilibrium
between Income and Expenditure could not at once
be reached, at any rate a considerable advance
would be made towards it. Such anticipations have
been grievously disappointed. The expenditure of
1862 exceeds the income by about £14,000,000 ster-
ling, or one-third of the whole, and this does not
appear to be result of any falling off of income, but
simply of the enormous scale of the expenditure.
The revenue has risen, but the expenditure has
much more than kept pace with it. We cannot,
however, doubt that the revenues of Italy .admit of
very great augmentation. "they appear to be as yet
collected the most inartificial manner. The taxa.
tion of the different States so lately united is left
pretty much as it was before the union, a source in
itself of infinite trouble and confusion. The tariff
is far too high ; the duties vary from 10 to 50 per
cent., and are therefore higher than, according to
our experience, can possibly bm collected. That
is the conclusion in this country, which has
no land frontier and is surrounded by a stormy
ocean. What must it be in Italy with the
canton of Ticino penetrating into her Northern
plains, with France, Switzerland, and Austria on
her frontiers, with a long sea coast and a short and
easy passage to so many islands and continental
States ? Her free ports are of course nests of
smugglers. There is one one way to spoil their
trade—by a reduc'ion of the tariff; but that is
exactly the one remedy which no Italian financier
has yet ventured to take. Of course such a step
could only be made effectual by submitting at first

to a considerable reduction of revenue, and that re-
duction • nobody seems willing to undertake. im-
perfect as the collection of the revenue is, the ex-
penses of the collection amount to 25 per cent. of
the whole. The employes of Government being for
the first time expected to be honest, have justly re-
ceived as an equivalent for this new virtue an in-
crease of salary, which for the moment is a heavy
additional expense. The army, of course, cannot be
reduced. £4,000,000 a year are spent on public
works, which are greatly needed, not merely to de-
velop° the industry but to complete the political
unity of the country. So we suppose the Govern-
ment will go on, whatever political ecouumy may
say to the contrary, with taxes on wine, oil, and
meat, and monopolies of salt and tobacco. The
Italian Finance Minister anticipates an equilibrium
between income and expenditure as early as the
year 1867. It is a sanguine estimate. The true key
to sound finance is economy. Unanswerable reasons
can no doubt be given why not a single franc of the
expenditure of 974,000,000 francs, or £39,000,000
sterling should be retrenched. It is always so ; it
was so in India till the necessity of retrenchment
became undeniable. Then all sorts of impossibilities
were accomplished with an ease, a celerity, and
success which must have a little surprised those
who had spent their lives in demonstrating them.
So will it be with Italy. Once let the nation
firmly grasp the idea that domestic financial em-
barrassment is a more pressing danger, and more
certain cause of ruin than foreign conquest or occu-
pation, and things which are now impossible will
suddenly become easy. We venture to predict that
there will be no balance of Italian finance till the
taxation is put on a sound footing, and the only
way to that consummation is to be found through
economies leading to a surplus, instead of de-
ficits ending in heavy loans, to be con-
tracted successively on harder and harder terms.
We have a good right to be heard on this
question, for, with the exception of Prussia,
we are the only considerable State in the civilised
world which is able to live within its income,
and to do something towards the reduction of the
principal of its debt. France, boundless as are
her resources, and rapid as is the development of
her industry, cannot raise her expenditure by
taxation. She astonished Europe a little while
ago by a deficit of £40,000,000 in a time of peace.
So signal a misfortune gave rise to all sorts of
good resolutions, but the resolutions have resolved
themselves into nothing, and France is said to be
on the eve of contracting a loan. Austria, by a
course of just the same extravagance as Italy, by
a systematic annual deficit, has been dragged
down to a deplorable financial position, which
she is but just beginning to retrieve. Ruesia ie on
the verge of bankruptcy, which the first threat
of the European war she has provoked would
convert into a reality. Portugal has just been
borrowing; and Spain, after so many years of
bitter experience, cannot prevail upon herself to
take her place among honest nations by recog-
nising the debts she has contracted. Turkey is
busy concocting a surplus to gild over a return to
old habits of extravagance ; and America is mort-
gaging her splendid destiny in order the more
completely and speedily to accomplish her present
aestruction. Such is the financial aspect of the
civilised world at this moment ; let not Italy find
in it that consolation which we are apt to derive
from the discovery that our neighbours are as
foolish as ourselves, but let her rather reflect that
the test of good government is not its external
form, but the welfare of its subjects, and that it her
revolution is only to terminate in bankruptcy, it
was scarcely worth making.
HERALD.—" L'Angleterre recule sur touts la
ugne." That is the way in which a journalist in
Paris speaks of the latest efforts of English diplo-
macy in the unhappy Polish question. The latest
dispatch of Lord Russell to the Russian Court does
indeed involve a retreat along the whole line. Lord
Napier has handed to Prince Gortschakoff a letter
which is described as conciliatory both in contents
and form. So far from being ready to endorse by
overt action the indiscretions of Blairgowrie, our
Foreign Minister is terrified by the effect which has
been produced by that unfortunate speech, at the
inferences which have been universally drawn from
it.. He has given up all idea of declaring that the
Treaty of 1815 is null and void, of proclaiming that
Russia has forfeited her right to Poland. The
common sense of the public, the comments of the
' press, reminded him that by such a declaration he
would be doing more harm to the cause of Poland
than to that of Russia; he would be cutting away
' the ground from beneath his feet,deprivieg himself
of the only possible right that he could have to in-
terfere with authority, the right implied in the
treaty which in a manner placed Poland under the
protection and guarantee of Europe. So Lord
Russell, who may fairly bo suspected of having in.
tended to indite a dispatch in this suicidal and self-
sacrificing sdirit—for, if words have any meaning,
his declaration in Scotland came to as much—
veered round, was better advised, and took up a
more prudent line. This last dispatch will be
found, we believe, to be the essence of all that is
mild and conciliatory. When it appeared doubtful
whether Russia would be able to subjugate.s the
insurgentne
insurgent Poles, the tone of Lord Itl
assumed
Russells
re-
monstrance was high and arrogant.
that England and France were the legitimate
controllers of the eff.irs of Europe, the natural
arbiters of peat" and war, the umpires between
a.rhitrary Governments and their rebellious vassals.
difficulty. Tho only
Russia was in a great