The Sun.
London, England, 1863-02-06 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 6, 1863.

would give them some information respecting the candida- I pay certain small bodies of men who, by drilling and in-
ture of the Mike of Coburg. 1 strutting his troops and his navy, may enable him to re
Sir J. HANMER, speaking on behalf of the inhabitants store tranquillity in his dominions. You may depend upon
of Wales, expressed the deep feelings of loyalty and sym-
it that there is a strong English interest in that. Until tran-
Jeathy which had been evoked throughout the principality
by the announcement of the intended marriage of the heir quillity and order are restored in the provinces of China we
to the throne. cannot expect that development of British commerce which
Sir P. O'BRIEN described the small farmers of Ireland otherwise could not fail to take place, (Hear,) So much
as reduced to the last extremities. Public works ought to '
for our policy in China, which is not in contradiction to
set oh foot to save them from utter annihilation.
that we orginally acted upon, but is entirely in unison with
Mr. HENNESSY believed the present state of Ireland
was this, that everything in Ireland which indicated pros- it. The result has shown the success of our policy because
perity was wanting, and everything which indicated de- we have converted an enemy into a friend, a suspicious and
pression was to be found there. No mention had been made
jealous people into friendly and eager traders. (Hear, hear.)
of Ireland in the Royal Speech or in the address, and he Passing from China, the right hon. gentleman touched upon
was not surprised at this, looking at the constitution of the
the question of Denmark and he said—which no doubt was
Government. With 105 members representing Ireland, not ,
one of them was to be found on the Treasury Bench. With true, with reference to the person speaking—that he found
regard to the state of Poland, he would take that opportu- it impossible to understand or explain anything relating to
nity of asking the noble lord the First Minister whether, that subject. (Laughter.) If he had extended that observe-
during the Crimean war, any overtures were made by Aus-
tion to those other 1 epics upon which he dilated, perhaps we
tria to the allies with reference to Poland. For his own
part, he believed that Austria had offered to join the allies should not have been much disposed to question the accu-
upon the condition that Poland should be made a depen- racy of his description of his own apprehension—(laughter)
dency of the former. We were bound by treaty to protect —because he certainly showed in his remarks how essential
the interests of the Poles ; and inasmuch as Ruse is had
violated the treaty of Vienna with regard to Poland, we it is that the Government should do that which they have
should lose all our character for honesty and honour if we announced—via., lay explanatory papers on the table of the
on.;
hou.e. Here is a right hon. gentleman of undoubted talon';
did not now do something for the relief of that oppressed
country. He also thought it would be interesting to know and genius, who has turned his attention very much to these
whether the papers to be laid on the table on the sub- questions, whose study of the ordinary sources of informa-
ject of Italy would include all the papers sent by Lord tion has brought him into that sort of hazy temper of mind
Russell directly or indirectly to the Pope. The much he would be benefited by a
account given by Cardinal Antonelli was that Mr. Odo which shows how
Russell had informed him that a private letter had been which we have intimated our intention to produce. (A
received from Earl Russell, expressing his regret that the laugh.) But the right hon. gentleman is mistaken in sup-
Pope was not disposed for the moment to accept his Orono- posing that the despatch of Lord Russell which appeared
sition, and adding that he bad reason to believe his holiness in the autumn was a sudden act, unconnected with anything
would feel himself in a short time under the necessity of
adopting it. To this Cardinal Antonelli made no reply, and that passed before, and that my noble friend suddenly
he considered he was right. This proposal did not degrade, dashed, as it were, into a transaction with which we had no
and he had reason to believe it did not annoy the Roman previous connexion. The fact is entirely different. We had
Government; but he did think it degraded another Govern- for several years previously been engaged in attempts to
ment, for it was degradation to make a threat when there mediate between Denmark and Germany. It had been my
was not the power of executing it. And it was from the
author of the Durham letter that this letter and this advice lot while in the Foreign-office to endeavour—not, lam
proceeded. It was the author of the Durham letter who sorry to say, with much success—to accomplish that object.
said he acted thus in the interest of catholicity. His love Our mediation was invited by the two parties, but they
of catholicity and the Pope was so profound that he advised
the Pope to leave Rome. If this was not hypocrisy it was were found so completely at variance, and the question was
encompassed by such difficulties, that all that could be
a piece of impudent audacity on the part of the noble earl.
(" Hear, bear," and laughter.) From beginning to end the effected was a sort of provisional arrangement which pre-
policy of the English Government in the matter was die- vented the worst consequences of the dispute. But in the
graceful and inconsistent. It was feeble, and it was a course of last year there was a threat of what was called
failure. (Laughter.) The basis of that policy was laid by execution on the part of the Diet at Frankfort. The Diet
the noble viscount opposite. In March, 1849, the noble
of the German Confederation threatened to march troops
lord wrote—" The British Government are desirous that
the Pope should be placed in such a temporal position as into Holstein with the object of carrying into effect
would enable him to act with entire independence." Al- their view of the matters then in dispute. My noble friend
though he agreed in that opinion he doubted the propriety of at the head of the Foreign-office prevailed on them to sus-
any English Government going that length, (Hear.) The pond that operation; but in having so prevailed he was
noble viscount further said that the Pope's friends were
bound, at all events, to make suggestions by which a per-
the majority and his enemies in the minority at that time,
and that he learned with much pleasure that the French manent arrangement of a friendly character might be esta-
had been invited, with Austria, Spain, and the kingdom of blshed between the two parties. We can't say that we sue •
the Two Sieilies, to intervene on behalf of the Pope—the ceeded in our endeavour ; but that endeavour was a link in
object of the intervention being to restore the Pope to his the chain, and not a sudden thought unconnected with the
dominions. Again, he thought the noble lord went out of .
transactions that had previously taken place. Papers will,
his way when, as an English minister, he expressed great
pleasure at that circumstance. But the conduct of the however, be presented on that subject, and the house will
British Government was not only feeble but treacherous. then see upon what ground the step was taken to which the
After the Pope had been restored he was anxious that the right hon. gentleman adverts. Then, with regard to Greece,
occupation of his territories should terminate, and it was
the right hoa. gentleman hopes that we took an early oppor
Count Cavour who, in a memorandum approved of by
Lord-Clarendon, recommended, as the means to that end,
tunity to inform the Greek Government that it was impos-
that the Pope should create an army half composed of sible for Prince Alfred to accept the throne, V ell, the very
natives and half of foreigners. The Pope fell in with that first moment that the Greek nation indicated a desire to elect
view, and an army was created composed two-thirds Prince Alfred we communicated with France and Russia,
of natives and one-third of foreigners. Yet this same
the other two protecting Powers, to state our opinion that
Count Cavour, who suggested the formation of
an army composed of half natives and half foreign- the protocol of 1830 was still in force, by which no member
era, was the very person who afterwards sent a note to of the reigning families of either of the three protecting
Cardinal Antonelli complaining of the employment of
Powers can ascend the throne of Greece. TLere was, un-
foreign mercenaries. (Hear, hear.) And a very few days
doubtedly, some delay, arising, I won't say from an objec-
after, General Cialdini, at the head of 35,000 men, marched
into the Pope's territories and destroyed the Pope's army. tion on the part of the Russian Government to admit the
He believed the occupation of the French troops would principle, but from a hesitation to admit its application to
have ceased but for that act, which was denounced by all the Duke of Leuchtenberg, to whom, however, it was ulti-
parties, and by every statesman in Europe, except by the mately admitted that it does undoubtedly apply. But the
noble lord at the head of the Foreign-office, who defended
it. (Hear, hear.) The noble viscount not only attacked Greek Minister was informed at the earliest possible mo-
the Government of the Pope, but he attacked the French meat, and by myself, that in our opinion the protocol ap-
Government for the occupation of Rome. Yet the noble plied to Prince Alfred, and excluded both him and the Duke
viscount himself encouraged the armed intervention of of Leuchtenberg from being elected as Sovereign of Greece.
France. He believed the conduct of the noble viscount was I am asked what is the present state of the question in re-
calculated to endanger the alliance between the people of
France and this country, for there could be little doubt as gard to the Duke of Coburg. lam not able to answer that
to the feeling of the French people on this subject. A question, because communications are still going on, the
the minority against the policy of France was composed of division took place the other day in the French Senate, and result of which lam not yet acquainted with. The right
he
hon. gentleman expatiated at great length on the intimation
a single member. There was not a single place in France made by her Majesty's Government of a readiness, under
at which a candidate could show himself who would vote
for the policy now pursued by the noble lord. He (Mr. certain circumstances mentioned, to recommend a revision
Hennessy) wished to contrast the conduct of the Pope and of the treaty by which the lonian Islands were placed under
of King Victor Emmanuel with respect to the Polish in- the protectorate of Great Britain. The right hon. gentle-
surrection. The Czar had notified to the Pope that if his man really treated that question in a manner that surprised
Holiness would endeavour to put down the Polish clergy,
me. He said that the lonian Islands were by the treaty of
and particularly the Archbishop of Warsaw, the kingdom
of Italy would not be recognised by Russia. About the same 1815 placed under the British Crown in the same way as
time it was notified to King Victor Emmanuel by the Em- Paris was placed under France. The right hon. gentleman
peror of Russia that if the Polish schools in Piedmont were is not a man who speaks in this house without knowing
closed, toed the formation of a Polish legion prevented, the " . . .
w the is saying. He knows the value of words and the
kingdom of Italy would be recognised. The Pope at once "'''
declined to interfere. Victor Emmanuel, on the other hand,
nature of things ; but I was astonished at his making an as-
accepted the proffered conditions. sertionef that kind. Compare it to Piedmont and to the Prus-
'Mr. SMOLLETT called attention to the omission of India sian Rhenish provinces. Why, he himself stated that which
from the Royal Speech. He regretted the absence of the negativedthat general assertion. The lonian Islands were, as
members of the Indian Council from this house. Their
he said, six of them, occupied militarily by a British force
absence made the Secretary for India master of the altos-
at the time of the termination of the war, and Corfu sur-
tion, and a dictator over 180,000,000 of people. (Hear.)
He called attention to the meetings that had been held at rendered at the downfall of Napoleon. But their fate was
determined, like the fate of many of the countries of Europe,
Manchester in reference to the state of India and the cotton
trade during the recess. Charges of gross misconduct were by the treaties concluded inlBls, and to those treaties, and
brought against the Secretary for India and the Prime especially to the treaty in regard to the lonian Islands,
Minister. He, however, concurred with the right hon. Great Britain was a party. Well. what did that treaty do?
gentleman on those points on which the Manchester meet- Did that treaty say that that the lonian Islands were to be
ing had condemned him, and should be ready, when the what the right hon. gentleman stated—a British territory,
time came, to defend him. (Hear, hear.) and to belong to the British Crown as one of its posses-
sions ? Quite the contrary. It stated that the Septinsular
Lord PAL MERSTON,on rising to address the house,was Republic was to be a separate and independent State, but,
loudly cheered. He said—l am not going to follow all the as a separate and independent State, was to be placed under
hon. gentlemen who have spoken into the many and desul- the protection of the British Crown. (Hear, hear.) But
tory topics upon which they have made their observations, it is no part of the dominions of the British Crown. The
but there aro a few remarks which I think it my duty to Queen is not Sovereign of the lonian Islands. Our treaties
address to the house. In the first place, I am sure the d?eneomtminecreluediee
morabdiendtitiehteelreonuisatnhleslaansdes.arWateheanetaetn thereaty
e
country must be gratified by the manner in which this house part of the lonian Islands to give them the benefit of that
has received the announcement of the approaching marriage treaty. They have a separate Legislature of their own ; we
of the Prince of Wales—a matter of the deepest interest, don't make laws for them. They are to all intents and pur-
not only to the Royal family but also to the whole nation ; poses literally and legally a separate State, forming no part
otlethe e
fßt British
England,ttoy z
virtue
ed dominions,
the'iontrse,
treaty
cuonndeleurdtehdehpertwoteeeen-
of the deepest interest for the present and of augury of good
for the future. (Hear, hear.) One may remark this, his England and the other great powers yof Europe. There-
Royal Highness has been peculiarly fortunate in that re- fore all the argument of the right hon. gentleman, founded
spect—that whereas the common fate of Royal marriages onl
Islands
supposition that Corfuat Parisan l
is allt
oth;raonthceerisloinine
has been that persons are contracted together who have had will allow me to repeat his own words, a perfect absurdity
no previous knowledge of each other, and with whom poll- —(a laugh)—and has no bearing whatever on the question
tical considerations are the guiding principle of union, in which the house may have to consider with reference to
this the-marriage may, in the fullest sense of the:word, be these islands. It is not now the time to discuss the policy of
called a love-match, while the amiable and excellent quali- tiaktiiinegptahraagt
reaepsshicinn uthnede&teheen?elupemesetitnc:lsyceonwtnemepilnaitoedu
ties of both parties give the fairest promise of permanent isythat it would be a wise measure. (Hear, hear.) Ipthink
and complete happiness. (Hear, hear.) The right hon. it would be a generous measure. (Hear, hear.) 1 think it
gentleman who spoke immediately after the seconder of the is due to that lonian State, which was placed under our
Address took a wide range of attack upon the foreign policy protection for its benefit and not for our advantage. We
of the Government. That appeared to me to be the topic etvheerehebeotufnedr ftohclitohetrhtee bhesty mforu ittai.nil believe we have done
uppermost in his mind. He made broad accusations against if Greece is established under annegnltighhetpernoetr
Stoevrate,.but
the Government—some really, I must say, of a very dis- who will develop her internal prosperity and maintain her
agreeable kind. (A laugh.) He accused the Government external peace, it will be for the benefit of those islands to
of an intriguing policy. (Hear, hear.) I could not help be united with their fellow countrymen, (Hear, hear.) I
thinking in my own mind that the right hon. gentleman think, too, that it is an example which may not be lost
had some sort of recollection of the policy of upon other countries. (Hear, hear.) There are other ques-
must have ions pending in the world, in Europe especially with re-
some former Government, of which he has, doubtless,more gard to which an example of generous disinterestedness, on
knowledge than of the proceedings of the present Cabinet the part of Great Britain, for the benefit of those whose fate
—(a laugh)—or that, by some confusion of ideas, he was has been committed to her charge, may not be without re-
reflecting rather upon the conduct of certain leaders of the salt, and I trust it may be imitated hereafter. (Hear, hear.)
Opposition than upon that of the Government of the day. Thetve rightdhe theone.egeatleememanmautearttieet as other
have
etltezenn
(Hear, and laughter.) All I can say is that I utterly deny place in i!espect to Italy, and especially with respect to
and repudiate the accusation of the right hen. gentleman— Rome and the Pope. A statement appeared in the book
(hear)—and I will venture to add that there never was an published by the French Government, and contained in a
accusation brought against any Government more corn- cflespadtelaufreonmatchee Frencht . Minister at Rome, which was
pletely unfounded than that comprised in the words he tion as to What hardnpreettilymeresaeurreern,kneasntdatmemiseihntfomrmadae-,
used. (Cheers.) If any proof were 'wanting of the influence, to the French ambassador, and by him conveyed to his
the just influence, which this country possesses over the - Government, was that Mr. Ode Rus ell one fine day asked
opinion of other nations, without intrigue, without any un• for an audience of the Pope, and having been admitted, re-
derhand, or other than honourable conduct, it would be af- .Lorao.emaetncralttha e PopeiT tothlseeave Rome, and offered him a re-
forded by that which we have seen lately passing in Greece. exactly the reverse ofv' that. course
t w ago
theof the transaction
Pope
w eeen
sent
wasf e r
The whole nation—not simply that portion of it which in- Mr. Russell—(hear, hear)—and, Mr. Russell not knowing
habits Greece,but also those members of the Greek commu- what he was sent for, it was the Pope who in conversation
nity who are scattered over every country in Europe— expressedle ahwish to know whether, in the event of his being
has with most astonishing unanimity declared in favour I)menpetllindk likely,clrlatilutswtBterwwerheichli-
possible—to
he,
of
course,
leave Ido Rome,
of a Royal Prince of England, on account of the he would be received and piotected in England. (Hear.)
high character of the Rcyal family of England, and on Well, Mr. Russell could not of course give any other an-
account of the fair and honourable policy which swer than that he had no instructions, but that it was the
custom of the English nation to receive, and hospitably to
England has pursued. (Cheers.) There was a curious receive, all those who might from any circumstances feel it
instance of that happened the other day in the desirable to take up their abode in their country. Mr. Rus-
Moldo-Wallachian provinces. A deputation of the Greek sell was then on the point of coming home to England.
merchants and other persons residing in one of the towns of When he returned in November he carried the despatch,
those provinces called upon our Consul—a person they did whichhie was to be communicated to Cardinal Antonelli, in
not know except by name—and said their object was to stancesw hEe Eitirelulll Russell
occur instructed
whichwe
would
leadto sayte thati ief
tcei r
leaverini -
tell him that the Greek nation was unanimous in their Rome, and he should not think fit to take refuge in France
desire of having a British prince as their ruler, because, or in Spain, the British Government would provide for him a
they stated, of the honest and straightforward policy of suitable residence at Malta, where he would be received and
England, and because England was the only pewter which treated with all the respect due to his rank and position.t
invariably protectA the weak against the strong. (Cheers.) e(Hear.)s oe thatthiwnake
rteheaetivweadsaa properreh coxiunrieacatti, andsatisfaction
At the commencement of his speech the right hon. gentle- by the Pope, as a proof of la goodywill andg friendly feel-
man referred to our relations with China, and found fault ing of the British Government towaris him. The hon.
with the Government for not having mentioned China in member for King's County has gone into a long diss,n;
the speech from the Throne. If there are any papers which tion on transactions which took place inthltnytTer views`
anybody wishes to have relating to recent transactions in heaveuhich laccuses a metci
ilespeciallyti m eoef
entertained in regard to the
China, there will be no difficulty in producing them. But occupation of Rome by the French. Why, the circum-
the right hon. gentleman said that the policy we were pur- stances of 1848 were totally different from the circumstancesee
suing in China was inconsistent with that which we origi- of the present time. The hon. member says that the p
does not very
nally followed, and was a policy leading us into a Chinese hadmue no
deceive army inmlBe4Bt.he Why,
ie
Pope declared fdmecylarmeedmowrlr aginst the
war. The policy we pursued in China from the beginning Austrians, and sent his arm to assist Piedmont in attack-
was to protect our trade and commerce with that country, ing them. I think lam not mistaken in stating
o fr. (Hear,
and and those who know anything of China will not hesitate to hear.) But, no doubt, in the thenhesteaetuentry Italy,
that thatwrae-s
admit that our commerce with that country is a most im- thought desirable for the peace
hichofhad been established at
portant outlet for the productive industry of these islands, e
Rome uti Governmentosittereeasea
n
, d that the Pope should return into
Whence in the outset proceeded the obstructions to our the possession of his dominions. I believe there was a great
commerce in China? From the Imperial Government. It was dealof uniustaccusations brought aruir
htehttaetrrolutionary
the duty of the Government of this country to endeavour to Government. (Hear.)
aleeltpwreasvaled, but the stat
Governmentotiiiin
remove those obstructions, and to insist upon those rights than that whicahehuass,
l andsi we thought it wise and useful thatgs
which properly belong to our subjects resident in China. iwt was very a
should be terminated. It does not follow, however, that
At that time, therefore, we were in conflict with the Govern- because we held it to be an unobjectionable move on the part
meat of China. We are no longer in conflict with the Go- of the French in 1849 to restore() the Pope we think it advis-
vernment of China; on the contrary, our Ministers and able thathhieewFatenctlietraopopesarsh d continue
pp ancue of ornemtinaiunethere from that
officers there are on the most friendly footing with the Go- tiLmeewtso
wt
he , , i h
n for the purpose of maintaininignag iel lv
eHr
nema ve en
t
vernment, which, having its eyes open to its true interests, which, in our opinion, is distasteful to the majority of the
seeing that the old prejudices which induce it to keep the people of Roma. (Hear, hear.) There was no inconsistency
"outside barbarians" away from the country were illusions, in that.e dAtitaeaneyraatnee, ifo ;ye are to be condemned for having
now does all it can to promote commercial intercourse with aiprlvovbe acquitted oef any
French into Rome, we may
o'her nations. Who now are the obstacles ? The Taepings. i foreign bayonets in that city in e i
orderdesire for the t e continuance
maintain
aever
no!
(Hear, hear.) All the information we get from China goes 1 meat which the people do not wish to have. (Hear, hear.)
to show that wherever the Taepings pass peace, commerce, i A..rllauzsiiloniirs been made to certain recent transactions in
industry, are destroyed. Their course is marked by murder, k Brazil. They
loses
arose from a just claim ter compensation for
by bloodshed, by plunder, by everything that destroys corn- Government awnodulidajuries to British subjects. The Brailriaen.
memo and the elements of commerce. (Hear, hear.) But prisals were commenced
a g e tCommunicationso meet at claima re still until
going
kw.: are not making war against these Taepings except so on, but I believe that a satisfactory understanding ha= been
•r as this—eve require them to respect the neighbourhood come to on the subject. (Hear.) A very legitimate tribute
of those cities in which our commercial establishments has been paid by an hon. member to the Greeks for their re-
are fixed. ctent. conduct. They have certainly shown as much self-re-
of are withdrawing troops from China, instead
of sending them there. (Hear, hear.) It is true, indeed, can
naisneat
scarcely
moderation as the Italians,an ancdomhipgatrgptzsme
that we have authorised British officers to engage in the to that natiyon.
be buleoawreil on:
The
ehem th by
Greeks have behaved with
service of the Emperor, to organise in his service and his great good sense, and I trust when they have obtained a