The Sun.
London, England, 1830-03-08 00:00:00

OPPOBITION,

Extreme Left Right
Bureaux. Left. Centre. Centre. Total.
1 7 10 P.S. 6 23
2 19 7P. 7 27
3 17 P. 5. 9 5 31
4 14 P.S. 10 5 29
5 14 7 10 P.S. 31
6 14 10 P.S. 10 34
7 10 13 P.S. 5 28
8 8 S. 11 P. S 27
9 7 11 P. 8 S. 26

104 88 64

" It thus appears by the analysis which this
classification exhibits, that the gross proportions
of the opposition to the Ministry, are as 256 to
172, making 84 of a majority. It also appears,
that of the eighteen officers whose elections were
thus contested, five were chosen from the ranks
of the extreme left ; nine from the left centre ;
three from that division of the right centre which
the Ministerial writers call the defection ; one
only from the Ministerial division of the right
centre ; and none at all from the extreme right.
" If we may judge from a measure announced
in last night's Gazette, the Ministry are resolved
to call every branch of their patronage into ac-
tive exercise, for the purpose of maintaining
their influence in the Chamber. The Count
Donatieu de Sesmaisons, the late Represen-
tative of the Electoral College of the Loire
Inferieure, who vacated his seat by his
succession to the Peerage of his father-
in.law, the late Chancellor d'Ambray,
was yesterday dismissed from his Majesty's
service, and from the situation he held in the
Royal Guard as Colonel-in-Chief of the First
Division of the Infantry, not because he voted
for M. Vatismesnil, or against M. Dudon, at
the recent election at Nantes, but simply because
he refused to vote for either of the candidates.
The Gazette attempts to defend this proceeding
by the . practice of other representative govern-
ments, and particularly that of England, in sup-
port of which he refers to the retirement of
Lord Eldon from the Woolsack, and the dis-
missal of General King from the bedcham-
ber, but it is needless to say there is no pa-
rallel between the cases. There cannot be
a doubt that this proceeding is intended
to operate as an intelligible hint to all
those who, by themselves or their relatives, have
any thing to lose, at the disposal of the Ministry.
I do not pretend to be able to estimate the ex-
tent or degree of the patriotism of the French
Deputies, or the amount of the sacrifice they
would be prepared to make in support of the
principles to which they are respectively pledged.
If the Ministry were stronger than they are,
such a demonstration as the present might pro-
bably have the effect to secure a few of the
wavering and irresolute ; but under existing cir-
cumstances, I conceive that the tendency will be
directly the reverse, and that as the Deptttie have

already shown their numerical superiority in a man-
ner which cannot be mistaken, the Peers indignant
at this attack on one of their own members, will
make the Ministry feel that they have trans-
gressed those limits of moderation already
marked out by the nomination of the Marquis
Maison as the Secretary to the Chamber.
Should the Ministry be disposed to give
way to violence, it is clear at least that there
will be no want of violent advisers. The Dra-
peau Blanc of this morning, a paper which
lends its blighting influence to support the mea-
sures of the existing Administration, contains
an article which would I think be regarded in
England as an act of high treason. After taking
a view of the late divisions in the Chamber, the
writer proceeds to inquire :

" Must we in this alternative deliver up the kingdom
to revolution, and the King to the executioner?

" ' It would be better to recur at once to another or-
donnance of the sth of September, to change the mode of
election, and assure ourselves of Deputies who will repre-
sent exclusively the monarchical opinions of the country.
We shall afterwards have the leisure to convert into a law
the provisional arrangements of the ordonnance;—always,
be it understood, that the state may be saved.'

" An advocate of a very different character,
the Universelle, which is by far the gentlest
supporter of the Polignac Administration, seems
to have been employed this morning to put
forth a feeler on the subject of a coalition Mi-
nistry, in which all the shades of political feeling
would be represented. Such a proposal, I
conceive, comes now too late to he listened to,
and as it is not likely to meet with attention, the
quarter from which it comes admits of its being
readily disclaimed. Another report gives the
Home Department to the new Deputy, M.
Dudon, in place of M. de Montbel, whose opi-
nions are not sufficiently decided to match with
those of his colleagues. The rumour is also re-
vived of the nomination of Under Secretary of
State in each department of the Ministry, in
order through their medium to give the Cabinet
more weight in the Chamber of Deputies.
" Prince Leopold is expected in Paris on the
12th instant. It is said he is to travel with more
state than formerly, and like his Majesty of
Naples, and other kingly visitors, at the expense
of the French Government. The Constitu-
tionnel of course displays a great deal of vir-
tuous indignation at this waste of the public
money on a Prince whose elevation is supposed
to indicate the subserviency of this Government
to that of England. It is said, that Prince
Leopold has addressed a letter to the King of
France to thank his Majesty for the support he
has received from France in his elevation to the
throne of Greece."

By the Dutch Papers of the 6th inst. it will
be seen that the Government is resolved to lower
the rate of interest on the public debt. The
feeling against the Press does not augur much
for the conduct of the Administration. A
liberal Government has nothing to fear from a
free press :—an illiberal one can never gain much
by prosecuting it :

- -
THE HAGUE, M•RCH 4.
SECOND CHAMBER OF THE STATES GENERAL,

MARCH 4.

Several petitions relative to the grievances, as they are
called, and to the preservation of the liberty of the Press,
were received, and referred to the Committee.

A Royal Message was received, accompanying a project
of law for authorising the Syndicate for the redemption of
the Public Debt, to call in, according to circumstances,
the Bonds hearing interest at 4+ per cent., and succes-
sively issue, in lieu of them, other Bonds, at a lower rate
of interest. The issue cannot be made till the King's li-
cense shall have been obtained. When the Decennial
Budget is brought forward, a report of what has been
done in this respect shall be laid before the States General.
The Central Section of the Second Chamber of the
States General met on the 2d inst., and their Excellencies
the Ministers of Justice and Finance were present, in or-
der to give the required explanations respecting some ob-
jections made by the Sections relative to the Penal Code, Ice.
The National has published a Supplement, under the
title of " State of the Public Press in the Southern Pro-
vinces of the Netherlands," in which it has collected all the
absurd and extravagant expressions which the most violent
Papers have for some time past employed against the King,
against the Prince of Orange, against the Government, and
the Ministers. The Editors of that Journal say they have
judged it important to publish such a collection at this mo-
ment, when the Legislature will have to discuss a law
concerning the Press.
The Opposition Papers are extremely angry at the pro-
ceeding, and blame it in the bitterest terms.
On the Ist inst. (s•tys a letter from Antwerp) 20 ships
entered the Schelde, being the first p trt of a rich and nu-
merous fleet, which had been hindered by the ice from
sailing up the river.

The following are extracts from German
Papers of a late date
CONSTANTINOPLE, TM 27.

M. de Ribeaupierre arrived on the 12th at Bujukdere,
and on the 15th a Russian man of war came from the
Black Sea, which is to take Ceunt Orloff and M.
Butenieff back to Russia. On the 17th a Russian brig of
war arrived with the effects of the Russian Ambassador.
The Blonde English frigate returned on the 18th from &
voyage to the Sea of 11armora, and the channel of the
Dardanelles, where it has surveyed all the bays and an-
choring places, and measured the depth of the channel.
It will soon sail again probably to the Black Sea.
An English man of war (a cutter), with two English
travellers of distinction on board, coming from Smyrna,
passed by a few days ago to the Black Sea.
It is reported that symptoms of discontent continue to
manifest themselves among the people in the lonian
Islands.

On the 2d a fire broke out in Galata, which soon made
a destructive progress, and was in the end checked only
by the great exertions of the crew of tlicillonde. The
damage done is considerable.
Though the activity that is manifest in commercial
affairs shows that we are in a state of profound peace, the
Porte continues, as it seems by way of precaution, to make
great exertions to increase its force. The levy and or-
ganisation of troops continue, and the building and repair
of ships of the line and frigates are prosecuted in the ar-
senal with the greatest activity. Though an article in
the treaty of peace promises free navigation to the ships of
all nations, two Papal vessels have been obliged to place
themselves under French protection, in order to obtain
permission to continue their voyage to the Black Sea.
VIENNA, FEE. 25.—Metalliques 103 f ; Four per
Cents. 97i; Bank Shares 1329.
_ _

VIENNA, TSB. 23.
An Austiian courier from Berlin arrived here on the
21st, and the Chancellor having received his despatches
immediately waited on the Emperor. It is repotted here
that Lord Cowley, the English Ambassador, whose journey
to London has hitherto been delayed, is intended fot• the
post of Viceroy of Ireland, but it is generally doubted
whether he will accept the office.

From the following extracts from the Singa
pore and Bengal Papers, just received, it would
appear that another Indian Judge has fallen
under the displeasure of the Company's Go-
vernment. The " wild elephant " in this in-
stance is Sir JOHN CLARIDGE, Recorder of the
United Settlements of Penang, Singapore, and
Malacca

(From the Singapore chronicle;)
" SINGAPORE, SEPT. 10.
" The Honourable the Governor arrived here in the

Nereide on the sth inst. frown Penang, and the Honourable
the Recorder on the 4th, by the Honourable Company',
ship Kellie Castle. The Honourable and Learned Judge,
we believe, left Penang with the view of holding the
usual Sessions of Oyer and Terminer, both here and at
Malacca, but it appears that despatches had reached
Penang by the Honourable Company's ship Windsor'
which had not, however, been delivered to him before tl e
departure of the Kellie Castle, requesting him to return
to England forthwith, to answer certain charges which
had been preferred against him by the Court of Directors,
which charges, we believe are,—his refusing to proceed on
the first circuit after the establishment of the present
Court, and his raising the salaries of the officers of the said
Court against the wishes and remonstrances of Govern-
ment. These despatches reached the Honourable the Re-
order, at Malacca, on his way to this place, and in compli-
ance with the request to proceed home forthwith.' the
Honourable and Learned Judge embarked last night on
hoard the Kellie Castle, for China, with the intention of
returning to England by the first ship that may be de-
spatched, which, we believe, will be the Lady Melville.
On what day the Court of Criminal Sessions will be
opened, or by whom, or in what way justice is to be ad-
ministered in these settlements, during the absence of the
only professional Judge, we have not heard ; and we shall,
therefore, refrain for the present, from hazarding any con-
jectures as to the inconvenience which may arise from the
want of a Judge learned in the law.'
" We understand that advice, have been received from
the authorities at home, that it is in contemplation to abo-
lish entirely the existing Presidency of Prince of Wales's
Island, Singapore, and Malacca. The whole of the civil
servants, it is said, are to return to England on pensions
proportioned to the length of their services; none, we have
heard, are to be allowed less than 2501. a-year; even if
they have only been out a single day. Each station, we
believe, from and after the 30th April next, is to become a
separate Presidency, and to be administered by officers from
Bengal, on a similar plan to that which formerly existed
here.

" Since writing the above, we have been given to un-
derstand that the ensuing Session will be holden by the
Honourable the Governor and Edward Presgrave, Esq."

(From the Bengal Hurkaru.)

" CALCUTTA, OCT. 22.

" By the Mary, from Penang, we have received letters
to the 16th ult., from which we glean the following intel-
ligence :--
" The Governor and the Recorder of Penang, &c. met
at Malacca where the former presented to the latter a letter
from the Colonial Secretary of State, requiring his (the
Recorder's) immediate return to England.
" Sir George Murray wrote to Mr. Fullarton to the
above effect, but Sir John Claridge is not, in point of fact,
recalled, for no successor is appointed, and he is merely
directed to return, ' that the matter in dispute may be
fully investigated ;' such are Sir George Murray's words.
" Sir John Claridge offered to remain at Singapore
until November, to conduct the Session, provided that the
Governor would then give him a ship to meet the Lady
Melville, at North Island, on her way from China home,
but the Governor refused, considering that the Learned
Judge, after what he was pleased to term his Majesty's
order for his recall, was functus officii, and therefore no
longer entitled to so much courtesy.
" We hear that the inhabitants generally are satisfied
with the conduct of Sir John Claridge, and that there will
be an address or something of the kind to him. The same
opinion prevails at Malacca and Singapore."

The appointment of a Committee on the
Public-house Licensing System is, we trust, an
earnest that that system will, before very long,
be reformed. The adulteration and enhance-
ment of the price of beer, which are alleged to
arise out of it, are alone sufficient reasons for
enquiry ; and the conduct of the Licensing Ma-
gistrates throughout the country is so partial,
unfair, and unbefitting the Bench of Justice, as
to have become, really, one of the greatest evils
with which the nation is visited.

The only ground upon which a Magistrate
ought to possess any jurisdiction over the sale
of beer, is the preservation of the public peaee,
which results from the suppression of houses of
disorderly assembly. It is proper that some
power should exist to prevent the continuance of
public-houses that are nuisances to their neigh-
bourhood, and this may be effected either,
according to our present law, by licensing all
houses except those which the Magistrates may
think improper—or without any licensing system,
by simply authorising the Magistrates to shut up
such houses as may have, become notorious for
being the scene of those offences which it is de-
sirable to prevent. But in exercising either of
such jurisdictions the Magistrates ought to be
obliged to look solely at their own business—
the conservation of the peace—that being the
only consideration from which their interference
is at all desirable.

Our " unpaid Magistracy," who take upon
themselves to limit the number of public-houses,
and to refuse licences to new applicants be-
cause they would prejudice the interests of the
old proprietors, who are often either the Magis-
trates themselves, or their relations, or friends,
are clothed with powers perfectly unnecessary
for the welfare of the community ; and those
powers, by being abused, are constantly made
the instruments of oppression. The Justices
are not obliged to give reasons for refusing a
licence, and what is worse, they are not respon-
sible to any legal tribunal for their conduct. The
Court of King's Bench have frequently been
prayed to interpose by mandamus, but have in-
variably refused, and it is settled law that the
Justices are irresponsible for the manner in
which they carry the Licensing Acts into execu-
tion. Very flagrant cases indeed have been:
brought before the King's Bench, but the rule
of non-interference has hitherto been inflexible
and the Magistrates may exercise tyranny when
they choose, by checking the spirit of enterprise,-
and diminishing the comforts of the lower orders,
to as great an extent as they may think becoming.
The country Squire, with his well-stocked
cellar, professes the most earnest desire to pre-
vent the labouring men from resorting to public
houses, and talks much of the idleness and im-
morality which result from their being frequented,
without considering that a labourer requires some
recreation after his work is over ; and that since
he and his friends cab mot entertain each other at
their own houses, it is quite natural they should
like to enjoy themselves together at an ale-house.
We do not see why there must necessarily be
any more vice in a village ale-house than in a
club in St. James's-street--nor why newspapers
should not be read, and politics talked over, in
the one as much as in the other. If the circum-
stances of the lower orders are such as to incline
them to resort to public-houses, the care of the
Legislature should be to improve the style of
public-houses—not to deprive the people of their
enjoyments. We have often been struck with
the superiority of the Cabarets and Estaminets
in the towns of France, the Netherlands, and
Germany, over our own places of this descrip-
tion ;—they are usually spacious and elegantly
furnished—,supplied with cheap beer and the
wine of the country—furnished with harmless
games, such as dominos, drafts, &c., and are

generally enlivened by music. To these the lower
classes are able to resort with their wives and
families in the evening, and so Ear from being
led by them into mischief and extravagance, we
believe such assemblies very much tend to civilize
their manners, and raise their characters. We
wish therefore not to see all public-houses put
down, but that refreshments in them should be
made cheaper, and that such a free competition
should be allowed as to permit any man to set
up a place of public entertainment wherever be
thinks it will answer.

This cannot be done without abolishing the
licensing system, or at least depriving the Justices
of power to refuse or withhold a licence on any
other ground than that of the house being proved
to be disorderly. By such an alteration, accom-
panied with a reduction of the Malt and Beer
Duties, the condition of the working people
would be very materially benefited, and a crying
injustice would be extinguished. Competition
is the life and soul of industry, as monopoly is
its bane, and we therefore confidently hope that
the present Session of Parliament will not be
suffered to go down, without some steps being
taken to bring the abominable licensing system
to an end.

THU FUNDS.-(THIS DAY.)

CITY, TWELVE 0' CL 0 CI.

Posted at the North ansi South Ameriean Coffee-house

" FALMOUTH, MARCH 6.—1 beg to inform you that
the Goldfinch packet has this instant arrived from Mexico,
with a freight of fifteen tons of money—no passengers.
The money is for merchants' account."
LIVERPOOL, MARCH 6.—The import of Cotton this
week is 19,250 bags, and the sales are again large, reach-
ing 19,640 bags. In Sugar, more has been done this week
—740 hhds. have been taken at former rates. In Coffee the
transactions are 220 casks, and bags to be had at the
late prices.
A Mexican mail has arrived this morning, and one from
the Havannah, brought by the Goldfinch—sailed from
Vera Cruz the 14th of January, and from the Havannah
the 31st of January.
Letters from Lisbon state, that a numerous column ofl
prisoners had arrived at Alentejo, and tranquillity is not
established in the provinces.
Accounts from the Island of Terceira state, that the
greatest animation prevailed amongst the inhabitants, and
the garrison consisted of 3,000 regulars, in the highest
spirits.

Don Miguel still continues at Salvaterra. Viscount San-
tarsm announced to him that the last despatches from
Austria were not favourable to his wish of marrying a
Princess of Austria.