The Sun.
London, England, 1839-06-13 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlR—The above paragraph, which 1 have taken from
your paper of Tuesday, the 4th of June, induces me to
request of you a small space, that I may assist, as far as
I am able, in promoting your views, as well as those of
the most humane part of the creation, by endeavouring
to make it apparent that the depriving a criminal of life,
even for the atrocious barbarity of a cold-blooded mur-

der, does not tend to lessen that most horrible of all
wicked acts.

Punishment, to be of any avail, should have a ten-
ency to deter the depraved from the commission of
The philanthropist will, I believe, admit that
Le fear of death had no efEct on the mind of George

Time.

Willis, when be determined on taking away the life of
his fellow-being and brother soldier, William Shepperd.
There requires no further proof of the non-effect pro-
duced on the dissolute by public strangulation ; but nu-
merous are the proofs of how much it hardens, and how
reckless and callous it makes those who are inured to
crime. With such of our fellow-creatures as feel a re-
pugnance to deprive a human being of life, under any
circumstances, it has a tendency to create a sensitive
feeling towards a wretch for whom no pity would be ex-
cited were his life spared. _

To deter from the commission of acts, contrary to the
laws of nature, as well as the laws of our country, pu-
nishments should be unalterable, yet not crud—
sufficient, however, to deter from that greatest
of all crimes—murder. The man who can be so
void of feeling for the rights of hi; fellow-beings,
as to take away life, deserves not any sympathy; he
should be treated as a wild beast, and, like the poor'l
unfortunate maniac, deprived of the. power of further
injuring his fellow-man, but be made to labour for the
remainder of his He, the produce of whose labour
should be appropriated towards the support of that
family which he has deprived of one of its members,
perhaps its chief supporter.To deter the badly-disposed
from the commission of a similarly horrible offence, the
malefactor should be compelled to hard labour, within
view of the populace, but at such a distance as to
render communication impossible, and that the stranger
may be made fully aware of the cause of so (I admit)
cruel a punishment, FOR MURDER should be
painted in large letters, and placed over the criminal.
To prevent that savage mode of seeking satisfaction
for some fancied offence, which would easily be ex-
plained, were the pretendedly honourable only some-
thing like rational be inn,, I would award the same
ptinishment to the wretch, who coolly goes to add to the
crime he may perhaps have already committed, by at-
tempting, and perhaps succeeding, in taking away the
life of a human being, by what is falsely called, honour-
able satisfaction : and to render it impossible for any
hut fools or madmen to be engaged in so vile a •prac-
tice, the law should make it a transportable offence
against both the seconds, and also the surgeons.
I hope to see the day when those who profess Christi-
anity, will blush to advocate the sanguinary laws of this
country ; but unfortunately none are more cruel, none
more vindictive, and none more persecuting than the
teachers and pretended disciples of a religion which re-
quires of them to be mediators, instead of prosecutors,
as I have, so much to my cost, always found them to be.
JOHN DR&KARD,
Late of Stamford, Lincolnshire.
Ripley, Yorkshire, 6th June, 1839,

t THE CHARTISTS.

DEMONSTRATION AT GLASGOW.

The great Glasgow demonstration in favour of Uni-
versal Suffrage, was held upon the Green on Monday,
in accordance with the resolution of the National Con-
vention, to have simultaneous meetings in all the large
cities in Scotland and England. From an early hour
in the morning bands of music were perambulating the
different quarters of the city, which bad the effect of
bringing out large numbers. They continued to do so
till the hour of meeting, when they entered the Green,
followed by the several districts, to which they had been
appointed. A great number of flags were upon the
ground, amongst which were conspicuous two black
ones—one of which was a death's-head-and-cross bones,
with the motto, " Death shall be the tyrant's lot."
On the other was a hand grasping an unsheathed
dagger, with the motto, " Will you force us to this'"
In fact, most of the mottoes were rather of a phy-
sical force description, much at variance with the
quiet and orderly demeanour of the meeting.
Mr. Moir, M. C., was called to the chair, and
after some verses of the 94th Psalm bad been sung,
began the business with a kw pointed remarks on the
proof which the meeting afforded that the working
classes were determined never—never to cease agita-

tion, till their right to Universal Suffrage was triumph-
antly asserted. A number of resolutions were subse-
quently proposed and carried unanimously. The first
pledged the meeting to continue their agitation till
Universal Suffrtgc was the law of the land—the next to
withdraw their money from the Saving's Banks, &c.
when the Convention saw proper to give the order—
the next to support Chartist candidates wherever there
was an election for a Member of Parliament ; and there
were others on the subject of exclusive dealing with the
shopocracy and the cler,l. The speakers were--Mr.
Collins, M.C., Mr. Frost, M.C., Mr. Bussey, M.C.,
Mr. B. O'Brien, M.C., Mr. Lowery, MX , Mr. Gil-

lespie, Mr. Hamilton, from Stoneh-ouse, Mr. Rodger,
Mr. C. 111-Kay, Mr. M'Kerraster and Mr. Wright.
The business went off in the best possible manner, con-
sidering the numbers present, which were variously es-
timated by those up,in the hustings from eighty to one
hundred thousand.—Glasgow Chronicle.

DEMONSTRATION AT DUMFRIES.
It having been intimated, by means of placards plen-
tifully distributed throughout the town of Dumfries, that
the Chartists intended to hold one of those meetings
styled '° Great Chartist Demonstrations," on the Dock-
head, a number of the inhabitants of Dumfries and its
neighbourhood, to a considerable amount, consisting of
the working classes, females and children, with indivi-
duals drawn thither by motives of curiosity, assembled
at that place on the evening of Thursday last, the 6th
instant. A temporary hustings was erected on the spot
for the occasion. Mr. Wardrop having been called to the
chair, informed the meeting he had a piece of good news
to tell them,and read an article from the Londurs Sun on
the finality doctrine of Lord John Russoli announce d
on Tuesdi;y list, from which Mr. W. argued that Lord
John bad become the best Chartist in the kingdom.
An Address to her Majesty, expressive of Chartist
views and principles, wwi then proposed, and the
queries drawn up by the Convention were submitted to'
the meeting, both of which were carried by acclamation.
A vote of confidence in the Convention, and thanks
to Messrs. Duncan and Lowry, were then carried by
acclamation. The Address to the Queen was resolved
to be transmitted to Lord John Russell for presenta-

tion. Three cheers having been given to Mr. %Vardrop
for his conduct in the chair, the meeting dispersed,
having been conducted throughout in an orderly
manner.—Dumfrin; and Galloway Courier.
THE SAVINGS BANKS AND THE CHARTISTS.—The
run on the Savings' Banks would seem to have been
much over-rated, and to have little exceeded what
might have been looked for, in consequence of the par-
tial depression of some branches of industry. The total
sum sold out by the Commissioners is only 19.0,039/.—
while the total deposits amount to 9.3,000,000! ! As to
the Chartists, they may bellow and threaten, but they
are not the class who have money in the bank. It is a
remarkable and instructive fact, that in no considerable
town have these noisy demagogues been able to make
any impression on the labouring inhabitants.--Tyne
Mercury,

EXPORTATION OF SHEEP AND PIGS TO
RUSSlA.—Captain Munri e. of the Ricardo, took out a
noisy cargo with him to Petersburg on Wednesday, con-
sisting of 500 or 600 sheep and pigs. He contracted
for a quantity of water for the ship; the supply was to
be at the rate of 400 gallons a day for an average voyage,
and Mr. Munroe was not to sail before the wind had set
in fair. He bad shepherds and drovers with him to
drive the stock six hundred miles beyond Moscow, so it
was gkten out. In former times, an Order in Council
was required, at the cost of several pounds, to send an
old top and ewe to Prussia, as breeders. By the above
exportation, things arc strangely altered " as to freedom of
trade." The sagacity, of George 111., recorded in history
somewhere, in getting ovtr the first few couples of Spanish
sheep, thus led, by their wool, to the:establishment of the
fine cloth manufactories in England. He accomplished
his object by offering the lady of an Ambassador to his
Court, as a bribe, two of the finest English bred horses she
could fancy through all England. We believe this lady
ran the risk of being made shorter by the head in conse-
quence. —Hull Observer.
We congratulate the Liberals of Shropshire upon
the victory they have achieved in rescuing their late no-
mination borough from Clive domination. The total
overthrow of that family's influence, for the first time for
upwards of a century, is as sure a sign of the growing
independence of its inhabitants as it is symptomatic of
what would be the general expression of the people's opi-
nion, could the inhabitants of all other places be as careless
of the influence of Tory gold and Tory threats as are the
independent electors of Ludlow. Let us have the Ballot,
and the example of Ludlow will be followed in Dudley, in
Tamworth, in Kidderminster. and in ninety-nine out of the
hundred other places over which the Tories now exercise
a control so vigilant and so dispiriting to the poor and
honest bolder of the suffrage.--Stafford Examit;cr.

A few brief but important points of Contrast and Com-
parison between the regulations imposed upon Li-
censed Victuallers and their Muses, and the new
Beersellers: and: their Houses, by the respective
Acts of Parliament, the 9th Geo. IV., cap. 61, and Ist
Wm. IV., cap. 64, and 4th and sth Wm. IV., cap. 85.
Exhibiting the very great discrepancy that ex sts be-
tween the Laws which govern the Two Trades, and
the necessity, in every point of view, that the hitherto
neglected recommendation of the Select Committee
of the House of Commons, to assimilate and place
them both upon the same footing, should be no longer
unattended to.
LICENSED VICTUALLERS.
1. OBTAINING THE LICENSE.—The applicant is
required to give notice of his intention to apply for a
License to ' open his house as a Victualling-house' to
the Overseer and Constable, and exhibit a copy of the
notice on the Church-door, and another on his own
door. No certificate of any kind is demanded by law,
and even character forms no essential part of the quali-
fication fur a new license.
2. SECURITY FOR GOOD BEHAVIOUR.—The Li-
censed Victualler is not required to give bond for good
behaviour, nor find security fer the payment of penal-
ties incurred by transgressing the laws which regulate
his trade.
3. PRICE OF BEER LICENSE:—By a return, printed
by order of. the House of Commons, dated Feb. 22,
1839, it appears that out of 55,750 Licensed Vic-
tuallers, 39,926 paid but one guinea per annum for their
Beer License ; of. the remaining 15,824, none paid
more than three guineas per annum. The total amount
they paid (in 1837) was 91,7671. 18s.
4. HOURS FOR BUSINESS.—The hours during which
the Licensed Victualler in,iy keep open his house, arc
altogether unlimited ; nor is there any clause in the Act
of Parliament prohibiting him from keeping his house
open the whole of the night. should cire,umstences in-
duce him so to do, be it public-house or gin-palace.
5. Houtis ON SUNDAYS.—With the exception of the
actual hours of Divine Si rvice, the hours of the public-
house are as unlimited on Sundays as on other days.
Not even arc the gin palaces otherwise controlled than
as above stated.
FINES, PENALTIES, &c.—ln case of a conviction for
a breach of the law, the tine inflicted upon the Licensed
Victualler may, at the discretion of the Magistrates, be
mitigated to a few shillings ; and very scriuus must be
the offence charged if the line inflicted be so high as
twenty shillings ; even thee, should he consider the con-
viction in error, the Licensed Victualler has the right to
appeal to the Quarter Sessions.
7. TRatasFEr. OF LICENSE.—The publican's License
is transferable ; the full value of the License for the
whole duration of its period is thus secured to him and
his fatally ; nor is there any limit to the number of times
the license may be transferred in any year.
S. FORFEITURE OF LICENSE.—The Licensed Vic-
tualler may transgress the terms and conditions of his
License with impunity, so far as respects its forfeiture,
for in no instance is its forfeiture insisted upon.
9. STANDARD MEASURES.—The Licensed Victualler
is not compelled to use the legal standard measures, un-
less required so to do by his customers.

LICENSED BEERSELLERS.
1. OBTAINING THE LICENSE.—The applicant (in
rural and contrary districts) has to produce a certificate
of character signed by six inhabitant rate-payers of the
same parish : he is called upon to produce a fresh cer-
tificate every year, or he cannot renew his license : the
difficulty of obtaining so many as six rate-payers to sign,
in one parish, often acts as an insuperable bar to obtain-
ing a Retail beer-license.
2. BOND AND SECURITY.—The Beerseiler is called
upon to give personal bond as well as additional secu-
rity for good behaviour and payment of penalties in-
curred by any breach of the laws.
3. PRICE OF BEER LICENSE.—The Beerseller's
Beer License is charged 31. 3s. per annum—those oniy
who are not licensed to allow Beer to be drunk on the
premises, pay 11. Is.—thus, 40,102 Beersellers pay
31. 3s. per annum each for their License, while but
5,292 have the One-Guinea License.—The total
amount they paid (in 1837) was 133,5421. 3s.
4. Hours or BuslNEss.—The hours of the beer.
house are limited by the local Magistrates (in some
districts to eight o'clock in the evening). Power to
extend the hours till eleven o'clock is given by law, but
that power is exercised but very rarely in any other
than a restrictive manner.
.5. SUNDAYS.—The beerbouse must not be opened
on Sundays and Fast-days til the hour of one o'clock
in the afternoon, nor between three and five o'clock.—
The beerhouse must also close at ten o'clock at night,
and as much earlier as the local Magistrates direct.
6. PENALTIES, &c.—However trivial the offence
with which the beerseller is charged, the least amount
of penalty inflicted is forty shillings and costs (often
increased to .51.) Thus for merely serving a neighbour
14 ith his supper-beer but a few minutes after the pre-
scribed hour, he is liable to a penalty of 40s. or .5/. and
costs, together with the expense of obtaining a new
license,—and no appeal is allowed him.
7. THE LICENSE OF A BEERSELLER IS NOT TRANS-
FERABLE.—Even in case of death, it is not available
cii her to his widow or family—who are thus put to ad-
ditional expense and trouble at a time when they are
Ina capable of bearing the one or taking the other.
8. FORFEITURE OF LICENSE.—By a recent reading
given by Magistrates to the laws which regulate Beer-
housee, they declare the License forfeitable upon every
conviction. A double heavy penalty apt contemplated
by the Legislature, is thus inflicted upon every offence.
9. STANDARD MEASURES.—The Beerseller is com-
pelled to use standard measurer, whether reqUired so to
do or not.
10. BILLETING SOLDIERS.—In this respect, as well
as in those prohitory laws which prevent public-houses
from being opened in particular localities, or where the
conditions of tho original lease prohibit them, the Li-
censed Victualler and the Licensed Beerseller are both
called upon to render obedience : under these laws, and
, under these only, are they placed upon an equality.

The above comparison and contrast fully proves that
the outcry raised against the Beersellers has its ft,unda-
tion only in interested sources, and not in the laxity of
the laws ; as we have shown, they are far more coer-
cive against the Licensed Beerseller than against the
Licensed Victualler—still no petition has emanated
from Magistrates or other Public Functionaries, sug-
gesting or praying for any alteration in the Laws which
govern the Public-lmuse or the Gir-palace. And yet
the pretext assigned for further coercing the Beersder,
is, the conservation of public morals
Naher the Beerseiler, nor those who espouse his
cause, ask for any ilvlusive advantage, or seek to shield
him from any law which may be dei med essential to good
order ; they simply pray that the Beerseller may be placed
upon the same footing with respect to regulations as the
Licensed Victualler, shat lie may thereby be entitled to
carry out the intention rf the Legislature, by an ut!fcl-
lured competition. The very e xistenee of a. disti►.ction
creates an invidiaus and degrading opinion of Boer-
houses, and operates in preventing many respectable
persons embarking in a trade so fettered by vexatious
ai,d partial restrictions, and so liable to experitwntal
legislation, and restricts those already in it t rum making
the best use of their capital and exertions.
In the first three months of the present Session of
Parliament (1839), while but 36,527 persons have
complained to the House of Commons against the Bea r•
seller and the Beer-laws, no less than '259,327 persons
have in the same period of time registered their attesta-
tions in his favour, and prayed that the Old Publican
and the New Beerselier may be governed by one and
the same equal and impartial law.

FAIR ROSAMONDI OR, THE DAYS OF
HENRY ll.—This new historical romance promises to com-
pete in interest with those of the most distinguished writers
of modern times. " The structure of the tale," observes
the Atlas, "is elaborate. The character of Queen Eleanor
perhaps, the most successful conception in the work.
The ma.,crials from which it is derived are, of course, sus-
ceptible of considerable effect; all the po,nts are salient:
she was emphatically the woman of her age, possessed of
violent passions, unscrupulous desires, and a haughty and
relentless temper. If Mr. Milier has taktn a dark view of
her Majesty's errors, we do not think he has exaggerated
them. The interest of the story is sustrined throughout
very successfully, and Mr. Miller discovers comn.e. dakle
zeal in surrounding it with historical accessories. la the
cb.s:rption of the scenery he has, for the most part, drawn
from actual observation, and the pictures be gives us of
ancient palaces and castles, and Royal assemblies, aro
vivid, and full of a poet.painter'senthusiasm.
CONCLUSION OF TIIE DIARY OF THE TIMES
OF GEORGE IV., INTERSPERSED WITH ORIGINAL LETTERS
FROM TIIE LATE QUEEN CAROLINE, THE PRINCESS CHAR-
LOTTE, &C.—lt iS ClUiollS to Observe the difference of
opinion respecting this work. The following is from the
Dispatch :--‘' The immense success of the first two
volumes of this work naturally led to an expectation of
further volumes, and we have now before us the two which
conclude the undertaking. The work it evidently authen-
tic ; the authorship of it is well know
itn, h
ad thepropriety publicran
have more to do with its coritemis en wn
t he
üblaihing thorn to the

•opricty of Lady

..3 ).'

containe

or im pro,
world. Certain it is that none of trim statenients -
in the fint two volumes have been Auccessfully contra,
dieted, and Lord Brougham's criticisms ,in.the Edinburgh
we must
Review have only :r.crcased public desire t.'r a contini.is-
tion of the book. In these volumes the mO5: interesting
parts are the private letters of the Princess of
her daughter the Princess Charlotte. The work is
into
ale!, and
ceedinglSi amusing, and affords an admirable inaight into
high life. The private hours of Royalty, and the...rivet°
characters of Nobility, are unsparingly exposed.
refer our readers to the volumes, which in many parts ,are
of a by far more serious nature than persons In genera,'
nlI
may imagine. Whatever may have been her Ladyship's
ya n
a uet that town o
motives for writing this singular work, its production is
WESTERN
unquestionably beneficial to the public."
aEnßdNhisAstiu
ister,Raerita dveielAdi
delightful
usTal
fhaeent
W u
suay n
Governor,
Mr. Hutt,E
quick
the let of January, after.,
passage of three months. He was to be sworn in on the
next day, and afterwards to be. present at a splendid fete.
which had been prepared for burl. The late Governor and
suite were to sail on the 4th for the Cape of Good Harm.
The state of the colony is descr%od es highly flourishing.
_.............