The Sun.
London, England, 1863-06-22 00:00:00

THE BRAZILS.

BUENOS AYRES, May 15.
The National Congress of the Argentine Repub-
lic was opened upon the 4th inst.
Upon the 2d, Don Mariano Saavedra was elected
and proclaimed Governor of the Province of Buenos
Ayres—a circumstance which removes all appre-
hension of a oonflict between the national and pro-
vincial authorities.
The works of the railway from Rosario to Cor-
dova have been commenced.
A silver mine has been discovered at Guaieguay,
in the province of Entre-Rios.
Civil war has broken out in the Argentine Rc-

public.
General Penazola, with the bandsunder his com-
mand, holds the country in the province of Rioja,
while his lieutenants (Clavero and Outivero) have
raised the standard of revolt in five other provinces
especially in those of San Luiz and Cordova. It
was at first reported that the forces of the Govern-
ment had been routed by the rebels, but the latest
intelligence received by way of Montevideo states
as certain that Penazola's guerillas have been de-
feated by the regular troops.
When the Republic of Montevideo was invaded
by General Flores, the former chief of the Colorado
party—an expedition said to have been fomented
and encouraged by the Government of the Argen-
tine Confederation—the Italian and Portuguese
charges d'affaires believed themselves bound to in-
tervene with General Mitre, the President, request-
ing him to observe the strictest neutrality. Gen.
Mitre's Minister of Foreign Affairs declined verbal
communication, and requested the charges to for-
ward their observations in writing. The notes
were accordingly despatched, but returned by Gen.
Mitre without reply, as incompatible with the dig-
nity and sovereign power of the republic.
MONTEVIDEO, May 17.

General Flores, with 2,000 men, holds all the ter-
ritory of the republic north of Rio Negro. Six
hundred regular troops, sent to reinforce General
Llamas, have joined the invader. The Government
abstains from publishing unfavourable news. The
latest intelligence is that Flores and his partisans
are at the gates of the city.
Rio DE JANEIRO, May 25.

The excitement occasioned by the dispute with
England is far from being appeased. It is in fact
skilfully kept alive among the masses by the party
calling itself Liberal. The Government has found,
in this popular sentiment, encouragement to dissolve
the Chamber of Deputies, which took place upon
the 12th. General Polydore Jordao, the Minister
of War, was strongly opposed to this step, and after
an animated debate upon the subject in the Council
of Ministers, sent in his resignation. Its immediate
acceptance followed, and the General was replaced
by M. Antonio de Mallo, Director of the Astrono-
mical Observatory. The post of Finance Minister
is still vacant.

A complete change has taken place in Brazilian
politics, the Conservative party, which has held the
reins of power almost exclusively for 15 years, hav-
ing been supplanted by the Liberals. The present
Ministry, composed of various elements, was last
year selected by the Emperor to avoid the dissolu-
tion of the Chamber, in which the majority, although
small, consisted of Conservatives. This Ministry,
however, fell short of its mission by displaying
Liberal tendencies. It would undoubtedly have
collapsed in January if the Anglo-Brazilian ques-
tion had not imparted to it a feeble spark of vitality,
and enabled it, in union with the Liberal party, to
make political capital out of the popular element.
When the Chambers were opened the two parties
were nearly equal, the Conservative majority con-
sisting only of about 15. It was evident that the
Ministry could not carry on the Government with
such slender means. The Council of State was re-
quested to advise upon the question of a dissolution,
and decided against the measure. The Emperor,
however, no doubt on account of the English diffi-
culty, preferred dissolving the Chambers to dismiss-
ing the Ministry.
The decree ordering the dissolution of the Cham-
bers was read upon the 12th. The primary elec-
tions are fixed for the 9th of August, the secondary
elections a month later. Little doubt exists that
the returns will be almost exclusively Liberal.
Some apprehension is entertained lest they may
give rise to bloodshed in portions of the provinces,
although the Conservative chief have ordered their
followers to preserve the strictest moderation.
Intelligence received here from Bahia states that
a new Confederate cruiser, the Georgia, arrived at
that port direct from Greenock on the 12th instant,
having been 41 days at Sea. She had captured and
burned two vessels, and landed 11 men belonging
to their crews at Bahia.