The Sun.
London, England, 1863-07-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 2, 1863.

Ler to the Earl of Derby at the Mansion
House.

Last evening tho Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress gave a

sumptuous entertainment to the Earl of Derby at tha Man-
:don House, when the prominent members of the Conserva-
tive party in both Houses of Parliament were invited to
meet their distinguished chief.

The company began to arrive noon after 6 o'clock, and
were received by the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress in the
saloon. At 7 o'clock the Earl of Derby was announced.
His lordship was accompanied by the Countess of Derby
and Lord Stanley. The reception accorded to the noble earl
by the brilliant circle around the Lord Mayor and the Lady
Mayoress was marked by the greatest cordiality.
The banquet was served in the Egyptian Hall, which was
tastefully ornamented for the occasion.

On a superbly burnished silver plateau, immediately in
front of the Lord Mayor, stood a beautiful statuette in silver
of the /ate Duke of Wellington. The buffet behind the chair
and principal tables displayed a gorgeous variety of gold
and silver plate. Hanging baskets of choice plants and vases
flied with flowers gave freshness and pleasing variegation
to the coup d'ced. The company numbered 250.

Dinner was announced at a quarter past 7, when the Lord
Mayor conducted thQ Countess of Derby to her seat on the
right of th chair.. The Earl of Derby led the Lady Mayoress
to her seat en the Lord Mayor's left. The noble earl took
his teat on the left of the Lady Mayoress. On the noble
earl's lef z sat Lord Chelmsford, Mr. Disraeli, and Mrs. Dis-
raeli. 'On the Lord Mayor's right sat the Duke of Buck-
ingham, the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury, Mar•
quis of Bath, &c.

Among the other distinguished guests were the Marquis
and Marchioness of Waterford, Marquis of Exeter, Marquis
and Marchioness of Normanby, Earl of Dalkeitn, Earl of
Shrewsbury and Talbot, Earl and Countess of Hardwicke,
Earl and Countess of Malmesbury, Earl of Donoughmore,
Earl of Lucan, Earl of Wilton, Earl of Sheffield, Earl and
Countess of Stradbrok.e, Lord and Lady John Manners,
M.P., Viscount and Viscountess Ingestre, M.P., Viscount
and Viscountess Galway,Viscount and Viscountess Hawar-
den, Viscount and Viscountess Holmesdale, M.P., Viscount
and Viscountess Hardinge, Lord Stanley, M.P., Lord and
Lady Edward Thynne, M.P., Lord and Lady Claud Hamil-
ton, M.P., Lord and Lady Robert Cecil, M.P., Lord and
Lady Colville, Lord and Lady Bagot, Lord Dynevor, Lord
Redesdale, Lord and Lady Colchester, Lord Forester, Lord
Ravensworth, Lord Skelmersdale, Lord and Lady Raglan,
Right Hon. General and Mrs. Forester, M.P., Right
Hon. H. Corry, M.P., Hon Colonel and Mrs Douglas
Pennant, M.P., Hon F. Lygon, M.P., Hon Charles
and Mrs Trefusis, M.P., Hon Colonel Thesiger, Right
Hon. Sir Thomas Fremantle and lady, Right Hon Spencer
Walpole, M.P., and Mrs Walpole, Right Hon J. Henley,
M.P., and Mrs Henley, Right Hon Sir J. Trollope, M.P.,
and Lady Trollope, Right Hon Sir E. Bulwer Lytton,
Right Hon R. Mowbray, M.P., and Mrs Mowbray,
Right Hon C. B. Adderley, M.P., and Mrs Adderley,
Right Hon Lieutenant-General Peel, M.P., Right Hon
Sir William Hylton Jolliffe, M P., Sir G. Bowyer, M.P.,
Sir M. Shaw Stewart, M.P., Sir J. Heron-Maxwell and
lady, Sir Watkin W, Wynn, M.P., and lady, Sir William
Heathcote, M.P., Sir James Fergusson, M.P., and lady,
Sir Matthew 'Ridley, M.P., Sir Lawrence Palk, M.P., and
lady, Sir John Dalrymple Hay, M.P., Sir Henry Stracey,
31. P., and Miss Stracey, Sir Minto Farquhar, M.P., and
lady, Sir E. Kerrison, M.P., and lady, Sir James Elphin-
stone, M.P.. Sir F. Heygate, M.P„ and lady, Sir Fitzroy
Kelly, M.P., and lady, Sir Hugh Cairns, M.P., and lady,
lion Major Knox, M.P., and lady, Colonel Barttelot, M.P.,
Mr Thomas Baring, M.P., Mr Bovill, M.P., and lady, Mr
Sclater-Booth, M.P., and lady, Mr W. Beach, M.P., and
lady, Mr G. S. Beecroft, M.P., and lady, Mr George
Cubitt, M.P., and lady, Mr Baillie Cochrane, M.P.,
and lady, Mr T. Collins, junior, M.P., Mr Stephen
Cave, M.P., and lady, Colonel Dunne, M.P., Colonel
Edwards, M.P., and lady, Mr W. Seymour Fitzgerald,
M.P., and lady, Mr John George, M.P., Colonel
Gilpin, M.P., Mr Gathorne Hardy, M.P., and lady, Mr
T. B. Horsfall, M,P., Mr. W. Heygate, M.P., Mr J. Pope
Hennessy, M.P., Mr. J. Hubbard, M.P., Mr Justice
Haliburton, M.P., and lady, Capt. Jervis, M.P., Mr R. W.
Kennard, M.P., and lady, Mr S. Kekewich, M.P., and
lady, Mr G. Lyall, M.P., Mr D. Mure, M.P., Mr R. Ma-
lins, M.P., and lady, Mr H. Paull, M.P., and lady, Mr W.
Stirling, M.P., Mr S. G. Smith, M.P., Mr H. K. Seymer,
M.P., Mr J. B. Stanhope, M.P., Mr J. Somes, M.P., Col.
Poulett Somerset, C. 8., M.P„ Colonel Taylor, M.P., Mr
J. Tollemache, M.P., and lady, Mr H. Whitmore, M.P.,
and lady, Admiral Tinling, Rev J. Young, Alderman and
Mrs Humphrey, Sir John Musgrove, Alderman Sidney,
M.P., and lady, Alderman Finnis and lady, Sir R. W. Car-
den and lady, Alderman Finnis and lady, the Recorder and
Mrs Russell Gurney, Alderman Phillips and lady, Alderman
Allen and lady, Alderman Dakin and lady, Alderman
Waterlow and lady, Alderman and Sheriff Lawrence and
lady, Sheriff Jones and lady, Mr Deputy Ratlibone, Under-
Sheriff Mackrell, Mr and Mrs Rose, senior, Mr and Mrs
James Anderson Rose, &c.
The more distinguished guests wore official costume,
others were in court dress or uniform. The presence of
many ladies, dazzling with diamonds, imparted brilliancy
to the entertainment, which, with all its adjuncts, was cha-
racterized by a rare combination of splendour and elegance.
The dinner was supplied by Messrs. Staples of the Albion
Tavern. Mr. Adams's instrumental band was in attendance
and played favourite airs during the entertainment. The
musical arrangements were under the direction of Mr. L.C.
Hatton. Mr. Harker was toastmaster.

Grace was said before dinner by the Rev. Canon Lupton,
the Lord Mayor's chaplain. After dinner, "For these, and
all Thy mercies liven," was chanted by Mr. J. L. Hatton)
assisted by Mrs. Harriette Lee, and Mr. Montem Smith.
The cloth having been removed, the LORD MAYOR rose
ttna said--I beg to propose the first toast—it is that of our
beloved Sovereign, the Queen. We are beginning to realise
the blessings we enjoy in living under our glorious consti-
tution, and that constitution has received its greatest de-
velopment by having at its head a Monarch who is the
pride of this country and an example to the world. (Loud
cheers, followed by " God save the Queen."
The next toast was " The Health of his Royal Highness
the Prince of Wales, her Royal Highness the Princess of
Wales, and the rest of the Royal Family."
The LORD MAYOR, said—The circumstances under which
the Prince of Wales has commenced his public career are
such that the nation feels gratified that while his Royal
Highness has had all the advantages which modern science
can place at his disposal for the cultivation of his mind, he
has had the great advantage of forming an alliance which
has given to him a bride beautiful in person and engaging
in disposition, and, I believe, the nation is delighted to con-
sider theirs a happy marriage. The other members of the
Royal family have also made auspicious alliances, and I am
sure I shall have your sanction in drinking to their long life
and happiness.

The toast was drunk with all the honours.
The LORD MAYOR, in proposing the nest toast `` The
Navy, Army, and Volunteers," observed that it was under
Lord Derby's Government that, the Navy being in a state
of transition, the Warrior was built, and the country wag
greatly indebted to the noble lord's Administration for the
great improvements which had been made in that im-
portant arm of our defence. The other service had made
equally satisfaciory progress, while the Volunteer force was
one of which the country might well be proud. (Cheers.)
The EARL of HARDWICK returned thanks for the Navy.
The Earl of LUCAN spoke for the Army.
Lord CoLvira,z, in returning thanks for the Volunteers,
observed that, although the novelty of the movement had
worn off, the force retained all its efficiency, and he had no
doubt it would be a permanent institution of the country.
It must be a great satisfaction to the present company to
reflect that the Volunteer movement had originated under
the administration of the Earl of Derby, and it owed much
to the careful attention which had been given to it by the
gallant General (Peel) now present, who was then at the
head of the War Department. (Cheers.)
Duet, "The Minute Gun at Sea," by Mrs. W. Lee and
Mr. Montem Smith.

The LORD MA.TOR--I have now to propose the toast of
the evening. (Cheers.) lam honoured to-night by the pre-
sence of my Lord Derby and by this great assembly, who
come here to welcome him as the head of the great Conser-
vative party. (Cheers.) In responding to the toast which
was last proposed Lord Colville justly reminded us that it
was while Lord Derby was in office that the greatest possi-
ble assistance was given in organising the Naval Reserve,
and during the same period the Volunteer force became a
reality, and was happily inaugurated. (Cheers.) We have
since seen a disposition among some politicians to tamper
with our glorious constitution, and to put forward as their
panacea for all our ills the abolition of a standing army and
the national debt, and the adoption of universal suffrage
and vote by ballot. Fortunately we had a Conservative
party, which, though deprived of office, was still strong
enough to resist such tendencies, till we have now had a
practical illustration of the working of these extreme prin-
ciples in another country. (Cheers.) lam sure we ought
to feel deeply grateful for the fact that these principles have
been brought to a practical test anywhere but in this fa-
voured land—(cheers)—and I am sure I shall have your
sanction and approval when I express our grateful sense of
the signal services the Conservative party conferred in
te the downward progress of affairs to which I
stemming
adverted. (Cheers.) It would seem out of place for
me,hase and d I believe it would be distasteful to Lord Derby,
were I pronounce any personal eulogy upon that distinc-
guishedwill only say I have great satisfac-
tion in seeing him
statesman. I
here
tO-night, surrounded by an assem-
blage of eminent men from bothbrancchhieesf,oafntdheto co-operate Legislature
who are proud to own him as their
Of r
with him for the maintenance of ourorinstitutionOus and
country,
pro-
moting the common good and g y
(Cheers.) I beg to propose " The Health of the Earl of

Derby,"
The toast was drunk with all the honours.
The Earl of DERBY, who was received with great enthu-
siasm, spoke as follows :—" My Lord Mayor,
lwadieni, and gentlemen, it would be my lords,
difficult—I may say it
B:B:vbejnipossible--for no adequately to express the deep
mennerTnh I entertain of the very high and flattering
in which thevit,h.You, my Lord Mayor, have-proposed, and
For the too llaTtu4sueritt:tted assembly has received my health.
have been pleased teepealatao in whioh you, my Lord Mayor,
able to render during the I ',127 services I might have been
Itvintitettireited power. of. my Admi-
nistration—for the more ths,uTc'
with which you, my

lords, and gentlemen, have welcomed the toast proposed by
the Lord Mayor I beg to return you my warmest thanks.
I am well aware, under ordinary circumstances, such is the
metropolitan hospitality of the Mansion house, t bt,t we must
not draw any political intrences from the t is that are
given insuch a cceepany as this. Every one el o holds high
office--nay, every man who in the variou professions per-
for.lns his duty in his own particular sphere to his Queen
and country, whatever his political feelings or opinions, is
always received with a cordial welcome when participating
in the magnificent hospitality of the city of London.
(Cheers.) You yourself, my Lord Mayor, in the course of
the present year, have received with the most distinguished
hospitality the members of her Majesty's Government
of which, I am happy to say, your lordship is
not a supporter. (Cheers and a laugh.) Nay, I
believe if that chair were filled by the most
rabid Dissenter, due respect would be paid to
the bishops and clergy of the Established Chinch ; and if it
should happen that a Quaker Lord Mayor should get into
the chair I have no doubt he would duly honour the Navy,
Army, and Volunteers. (Cheers and a laugh.) But on the
present occasion the manner in which you have introduced
this toast—the terms in which yon have brought forward
the name of one who holds no responsible official position,
who performs no duties except those which are self•imposed,
and who has no official claim to your notice, the company
by which I see myself surrounded giving me an opportu-
nity; now rarely afforded, of meeting many members of the
House of Commons with whom in former times I acted so
long in cordial concert. Such an assembly, and the toast
you have proposed, not only as Lord Mayor, but as member
for the borough of Southampton—(cheer s)—ia whose per-
son the Conservative party achieved one of their most dis-
tinguished of the many illustrious triumphs they have ac-
complished—(cheers)—all these things combined justify
me, I think, in attaching to that toast some political
significance--(cheers)—and I thank you cordially for as-
sociating my name with the great and noble Conser-
vative party with which it is my happiness to be as •
sociated. (Loud cheers.) I can assure you lam far
more grateful for this association with that noble party
than I could be for any compliment whatever, however
high and unmerited, which might be paid to me per-
sonally for any services I might be supposed to have at any
time performed. (Cheers.) For I venture to say there is
no language which can adequately express, or, at all events,
there is no language which could exaggerate the merits of
the conduct—the forbearing, the firm, the patient, the self-
denying, the patriotic conduct which has been pursued for
the last four years by that great party. (Cheers.) I beg to
be forgiyen for recalling to the recollection of this company
the position in which that party has been placed for the last
four years. It is that length of time since that party—nu-
merically far superior to any of the sections into which what
is called the Liberal party is divided—numerically far supe-
rior to any of these, and not very far, though somewhat,
inferior to all of these sections put together—that party
found itself ejected from office by what I may, without of-
fence, call a pretext, which pretext, as soon as it had served
its purpose, was at once abandoned. (Cheers.) And what
was the course of the Conservative party on that occasion ?
Did they give way to the indulgence of idle vexation, to re-
venge, to retaliation ? Did they immediately occupy them-
selves in forming combinations and coalitions to overthrow
the Government which had succeeded in their stead ? They
did nothing of the kind. Far from entering into such com-
binations and coalitions, the course they have been pursu-
ing for the last four years has been that of adhering stead-
fastly to their own fixed principles ; but, at the same time,
not only not opposing, but even supporting, against their
own more violent supporters, that very Government by
whom they were ousted from office. It is with parties very
much as it is with troops—it is not the active campaign, it
is not the heat of the engagementwhich triesthe real mettle
of the troops ; but it is the long protracted inaction ; it is
the lying exposed to fire with the enemy in your front, and
not being permitted to make an attack ; it is the waiting for
the moment when victory may be achieved, when it would
be lost by being too early anticipated ;—it is this which
tries the temper, the forbearance, the real courage of the
soldier. (Cheers.) That is the trial of the temper, the
forbearance, the real courage; the true patriotism, of a
political party. (Cheers.) Such, gentlemen, has been the
course which for the last four years has been pursued
by the Conservative party in this country. Feeling them-
selves able at any moment, could they but stoop to such
combinations as they have been charged with, to overthrow
the Government, they have yet studiously abstained from
any risk of throwing the country into disorder or confusion,
and have been satisfied by maintaining their own principles,
and often supporting the Government against their own
more advanced political allies. (Hear, hear.) I must say
that it is most vexatious and annoying to a great party to
see during the long period of four years every political office,
every office in Church and State, and all the little minor
patronage of the country appropriated entirely to those who
are their political opponents, and themselves deprived of
any portion of the influence derived from the possession of
that patronage. Except the great Conservative party, there
is no party which under such a state of things could have
passed that long period of inaction without materially
dwindling in their numerical force and spirit as a party.
(Cheers.) But, so far from this being the case, I am proud
to say we reckon in the House of Commons at this moment
a greater number of Conservative members than I could
claim the assistance of when I was First Minister of the
Crown, (Cheers.) My right hon. friend, Mr. Disraeli, a few
days ago at a dinner at which it was not my good fortune
to be present, delivered a speech which received the univer-
sal approval of all who heard it, and in which he clearly
marked out the broad lines of distinction which exist be-
tween the Conservative, at all events, the advanced Liberal
party in the country. He pointed out clearly that our views
and opinions are diametrically diverse. Then, it may be
asked, if that be the case, and if those extreme Liberals
whose principles are diametrically opposed to ours, are the
supporters of the present Government, how can we justify
to ourselves as a Conservative party for a single moment
tolerating or maintaining in office such a Government ?
The answer is this—that from the period the so-called Libe-
ral Government succeeded to office, for the most part the
advanced Liberals have been very well satisfied to leave
their favourite projects in abeyance, and, with the excep-
tion of those renewed assaults on the Church of England—
which I am happy to say, owing to the vigour, firmness, and
determination of the Conservatives, have been constantly re-
pelled, as I trust they will continue to be repelled—the sup-
porters of her Majesty's Government have had the some-
what unpleasant surprise of seeing some of their more favou-
rite projects either faintly supported or quietly wet-blan-
ketted,or ever almost hooted out of the House of Commons.
I will not go so far as to say that I consider the noble
viscount at the head of the Government a very distin-
guished, or very renowned stateman ; but I give him very
great credit for his great social qualification and his personal
popularity. No man can be more agreeable, To his other
qualifications for attaching himself to individual supporters
he adds the elasticity of his youthful spirits—an elasticity.
which almost keeps pace with the elasticity of his political
principles. (Cheers, and a laugh.) I give him credit also
for that charm, which some call a modest assurance, which
in this country goes by the name of pluck"—(ckeers)—
dv whether it he right or wrong, is a quality which
invariably attaches to itself a large portion of the British
public. (Cheers.) Lord Palmerston, to do him justice, is
never afraid of supporting his own opinion, and the more
his friends get into difficulties the more vigorous he is in
in them. Well, under these circumstances, so
long standing
as g
they
advanced Liberals were satisfied to remain in
8b
office, and to see their favourite principles discarded, and all
laughed out of the House of Commons,
their
sf
for
v theativ es ,
presentw er e ,
withunder
that existing
stances, u
arrangement,ru.
pet projects
4- say that is an arrangement which is
swtane, csess,gsoaottLfiedia
(Cheers.) I do
satisfactory, because
12°'
it is always unsatisfactory when power
-
and office are in different hear.)hands.fora A
coun-
try—(cheers)--and Government is the greatest .
try—(cheers)--and it is therefore o
eupthe countryortunate is so far
from at the
present moment the Government
from being able to keep its own couortseoanndthtoe takeitsown
time that it is constantly relying n
forbearance,
but even on the support of its political
those political adversaries, thus
v such
the country, and directing its affairs, have Y
et nottheir t anu-
ie adversaries, while
wielding the real power of
merical absolute majority as to enable them in urn to
form a strong Government, and to hold as well as totake
I say this is an
possession of the reins of power. (Cheers.)t
unfortunate state of things ; but if you ask me or any asea.
ber of the Conservative party whether they would rather
e:t,e
connected with a strong Opposition or a weak Government,
I must say for myself, I have not the slightest hesitation in
saying, for the benefit of the Conservative party, for the
benefit of the country, for the benefit of the conduct of
affairs let us be not in a weak and feeble Government, rely-
ing on the forbearance of our opponents, but let us be in a
strong Opposition, able to control the action of Ministers—
to be held forth as a bugbear to the advanced Liberals by
the heads of that party, and able effectually to prevent their
combination from operating dangerously to the country.
(Cheers.) I may be asked, however, how long is this state
of things to continue ? Now, I admit it is not advisable
such a state of things should continue. But how long it is
to continue is a question which I cannot answer, and the
answer to which rests with the constituencies of the coun-
try. (Cheers.) We are now approaching the close of cer-
tainly not a very active or useful session of Parliament, in
which the Government have been defeated over and over
again, but in which they have endeavoured to secure them-
selves from defeat by the very singular process of bringing
forward no measures whatever. (A laugh.) I dont believe
there is any period of our history on which we can look back
which has been so barren of legislation, which has been ap-
parently so useless, or nearly wasted, as the present session.
But we are now entering upon a month, though the last of
that session, which is eminently full of political importance.
This is the month when a deceased statesman used to say
we should " Register, register, „register." (Cheers.) If
you desire to give the Contrvative party that amount of
strength and that numerical preponderance which will en-
able it not only to obtain, but to retain office, and to carry
on the Government on its own principles, without depend-
ing on any extrinsic support, this is the month during which
the Conservatives of the country, one and all, must put forth
their strength, in order to place in the hands of those who
represent them in Parliament sufficient means by which to
accomplish
be f re
the objects we have in view— (cheers)—and I
0 z,
iven my Lord Mayor if, in this city of London,
venture I vela that here, in the metropolis, might be made
to
say

a most valuable beginning, and a very great incitement to
minor constituencies. (Cheers.) I wish to say nothing
disrespectful to any hon. gentleman who represents this
great city of London, but considering they are all Free-
traders—all the adversaries of monopoly—l must say I
never heard of a more monstrous monopoly than that by
which the Liberal party keeps to itself the whole four seats
of this great city, (Cheers.) lam satisfied that they do not
legitimately represent the wealth, intelligence, and import-
ance of this great constituency ; but I do believe that a little
energy actively applied to the registration of this great me-
tropolis would relieve it from that misrepresentation to
which, with all respect to your present hon. members, it has
been so long subjected. (Cheers.) I commend this subject,
my Lord Mayor, to your attention, and to the serious con-
sideration of all who desire to see the triumph of those prin-
ciples to which we are attached. (Cheers.) The country
may depend upon it that there can be no greater misfortune
than that the Conservative party should attain office with
such a measuring-cast majority, if in any majority at all,
which would place them day by day at the risk of any com-
bination or coalition which might be formed against them
by the various elements which, if they cannot work well to -
geiher, are sure to agree well enough to oppose them.
(Cheers.) I have encroached too long on your time, my
Lord Mayor, but I did feel it to be my duty to offer my grate-
ful acknowledgments to that great Conservative party with
which you have been kind enough to associate my name for
the calm, steady, forbearing course they have observed—a
course from which any other party would have shrunk dis •
couraged, but in which, if they steadily proceed, they will,
I am confident, at no distant period reap for themselves
and for the country that valuable reward which, if
slowly obtained will be more surely retained, but which if
prematurely grasped might the more readily fall from our
hernia. (Cheers.) I beg again, my Lord Mayor, to thank
you for kindly associating my name with the great Con-
servative party, and for the hospitality you have shown us
this evening. (Loud cheers.)
Ths next toast was "The Home of Lords," which was
responded to by the Duke of Buckingham.
The LORD MAYOR then gave the " House of Commons,"
coupled with the name of the Right Hon. B. Disraeli. His
lordship highly eulogised the services of the Conservative
leader of the House of Commons, and especially alluded to
the energetic and successful assistance rendered on a late
occasion, when the privileges of the corporation were me-
naced by the Government.
The toast was drunk with the utmost enthusiasm.

Mr. DISRAELI, who was received with great cheering,
said—My Lord Mayor, on the part of the House of Com-
mons I have the honour to return you ouracknowledgments
for the flattering distinction which you have paid us by
drinking our health. I believe I may say on the part of the
House of Commons that its present health is pretty good.
(A laugh.) It Is not as full of vigour naturally as it was
some years ago, when in this hall I was called upon by the
chief magistrate of the City once before to return thanks for
it. Then it was full of youth, of hope, and of promises. Its
youth is exhausted, its hopes have been defeated, and its
promises have not been fulfilled, (Cheers, and a laugh.)
This I acknowledge ; but it has obtained that which indivi-
duals under the same circumstances in life often acquire in
the sunset of their days—it has acquired, I trust, the cha-
racter of respectability. (Cheers.) At present, considering its
course during the present sesA, n, the moderate exertions
which it has made, and the early hours it has kept, I hope
it may arrive at a green old age— (a laugh) ; and for my own
part I do not think that the report of its speedy dissolution,
which is about, will be realised. I hope it may reach its na-
tural term. I have seen already in the course of its progress
some signs of that repentance which they say accompanies
the last hour of existence. (Cheers and a laugh.) With re-
gard, my Lord Mayor, to that house which may be our
successor, all I can say is that I believe there is no want of
political feeling and spirit at the present moment. We have
heard lately in high places that there has been a great want
of candidates to fulfil more important duties than those
which fall even to members of the House of Commons ; but,
so far as I am informed, there is no want of candidates in
the world in which we live, and all I trust is that when the
hour arrives they will take their orders from my noble
friend, and will be returned, after due examination, at the
head of the poll. (Cheers.) You, my Lord Mayor, have
reminded us of the great difficulty which the city has re-
cently experienced, and you were so flattering as to say
that you were assisted in escaping from the danger with
which you were threatened by the efforts of the Conserva-
tive party in the House of Commons. I can only aver
for myself that no assistance I could offer could be given
with more sincerity than that I proffered to your lordship
on that occasion. (Cheers.) I have always myself
been of opinion that the cause of self-government, to
which your lordship has referred, is intimately con-
nected with the maintenance of the privileges of the city
of London, (Cheers.) I will even connect the cause of
self-government with meetings like the present, and as-
semblies that are occupied with those delightful employ-
ments which we have fulfilled. (A laugh.) I think there is
a connection between self-government and those magnifi-
cent banquets that are given to us by the chief of this ancient
corporation- There is no doubt that self-confidence is
necessary as a foundation for self-government, and every
man will agree that after dinner his self-confidence is al-
ways increased. (A laugh.) And there is always another
result of these corporation festivities which are identified
with the city of London. I think they excite that kindly
feeling toyour neighbour which is really necessary for the
the purposes of self-government (cheers), for it leads to that
forbearance which is one of the elements by which the prac-
tical character of the English people has been obtained.
(Cheers.) In these circumstances I can assure you that I,
for one, felt I was only doing my duty in supporting the
privileges of this ancient corporation, and I trust that,
whatever may be the vicissitudes of political life—whether
my noble friend may occupy that post for which he is so
eminently fitted, or remain as he is still, the guardian of the
rights of the people, in a less responsible office, I still feel
we shall always do our duty to the country in maintaining
the rights of ancient corporat ions, which, among many other
uses, hive contributed, I think, to the formation of the
English character. (Loud and continued cheering.)
Lord DERBY, in proposing "the health of the Lord
Mayor," said not only as chief magistrate of that the great-
est city in the world, but in other capacities, he was well
known and appreciated. To many present who sat with
him in the House of Commons he was known as a gentle-
man who, though not giving to talking over much, was
ready at all times to speak, and with authority, on subjects
with which he was most acquainted. Not only had his
speeches when he had spoken there, but his votes,
always been in support of the best interests of the
country, and in his person the Conservative party had
won a distinguished election victory. (Hear, hear.) The
admirable manner in which his lordship had discharged his
official duties had secured for him the respect and esteem of
his fellow-citizens, and he had likewise well maintained the
ancient renown of the corporation of the city of London for
magnificent hospitality.

The toast was received with acclamation, and the LORD
MAYOR briefly responded to the compliment.
Lord STANLEY then gave " the magistrates of the City
of London," couuling with the toast the name of Alderman
Finnis, the senior alderman present.

"The Sheriffs of London and Middlesex" followed,
Alderman and Sheriff LAWRENCE answering.
" The health of the Lady Mayoress" was proposed in
graceful terms by Lord CHELMSFORD, who asked—slightly
varying the quotation—

"What was a table, richly spread,
Without a woman at the head ?" (Cheers.)
The company separated shortly after 11 o'clock.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

CARLISLE RACES.—WEDNESDAY,
The Scurry Handicap of 3 sous each, with 20 added; win-
ners extra. T.Y.C.
Mr. Noble nd. Teddy, 5 yrs, 9st (Speight) 1
Mr. Robinson's Prairie Flower, 3 yrs, 7st 121 b (Howey) 2
Mr. Barber's The Clown, 2 yrs, 7st 41b (G. Noble) 3
Mr. Watson's Unfashionable Beauty, 3 yrs, 7st 131 b
(J.
Mr. Fearon's Maid of Chesterfield ,
6 yr Snowden)Snowdens, 7st 121 b 4
Mr. Franks's Dick Swiveller, aged, Bst„ (Percy) 5
. . . (Reynolds) 6 .
Mr. Ridley's Hospitality filly, 2 yrs, sst 71b.. ol
Betting-7 to 4 agst Unfashionable Beauty, 5
toCarr 2 agst
Teddy, 7 to 2 agst Hospitality filly, 5 to 1 any other. Won by a length ; same between second and third ; a
good fourth.
The Lottery Stakes (Handicap) of 6 sous each, 3 ft, with
40
One admi le ded ;and a quao second ttersave his stake; winners, &c., extra.
r.
Mr. Scott na. Teddy, 6 yrs, 7st 121) ...... (G. Noble) 1
Mr. Masterman's Honest John, 3 yrs, bat (J. Grimshaw) 2
Mr. Winteringham's Weatherwise, 4 yrs, 7st 71b
Mr
j. Scott na. Luna, 3 yrs, Est 131 b
.. (Howey) 3
.... (J. Marson
Mr, ) 5
4
W. Cowen's Giltnook, 4 yrs, 6st 91b ...... (Carroll)
8.. W,et
ting-Even on Teddy, 5 to 4 agst Honest John, 10 to
1 agst any other.
Won by a .length ; three lengths between second and
third ; a d
of 100 guineas ; three-yr-olds, Bst 31b ;
four, Aiajyfive,fourth.Plate
9st 71b ; 9st 121 b; six and aged, 9st 131 b. Two
miles.
Caller Ou, 5 yrs, 9st 121 b
Mr. •W. I'Anson's
(Withington) w.o.
Scramble Handicap of 3 soya each, with
20 added.
ebsat
9
Her
Half a mile,
(Snowden) 1
3 yrs, Bst 51b
Mr. Reynold's Barbara Allen'
Mr. Robinson's Prairie Flower, yrs,_,,
(G. Noble) 3
Mr. Miller's Annabelle 5 yrs, Bst ila
v 7st 121 b
Mr. Watson's Unfashionable B3eaut
yrs,
(J. Harrison) 4
37,85. t Sib .. (Howey) 2
121 b • • (With'.
'ngton) 5
Mr. Elliott's Wallachia, 4 yrs, Bst
Wallachia,
to
to
4 1. sag;
fit
tPrairie
Unfashionable
Flower,
other.
Won by a length; the same between second and third;
a bad fourth. B Beauty, ttyo, 21 r tol
agst aLsyt

THE ARISTOCRACY OF THE WAR.—Aa American
paper states that at least 150 persons in New York
are known to have made fortunes varying from 100,000 dols.
to 1,500,000 dols, during the past 18 months, some by stocks,
some by contracts, some by shoddy, some by selling bad
vessels to the Government, some by crackers and cheese for
the army, and some by disposing of good offices. These
shoddy aristocrats have added about 200 brilliant new equi.
pages to the ring at the Central-park,

Penal Servitude and Transportation.

The Royal Commissioners appointed to inquire
into the operation of the Penal Servitude Acts for
England and Ireland, in lieu of transportation, have
completed and signed their report. It contains but
55 pages, but the evidence and various prison re-
turns make up two thick volumes.
The Commissioners, after explaining the nature
and operation of the Act 1853, Victoria, and the
Act 1857, for amending the Act 1853, " proceed to
give a short outline of the mode in which sentences
of penal servitude have been carried into effect
under the Act 1857 in England and Ireland."

It is, and it has for some time been, the rule
and practice in England, with very few exceptions,
to keep adult male prisoners in separate and cellu-
lar confinement for a period of nine months in the
prisons of either Pentonville, Millbank, or Wake-
field, and then to transport them to the great public
works' prisons of Chatham, Portsmouth, or Port-
land, from which they are discharged after the com-
pletion of their several terms of imprisonment. The
rule in Ireland is to detain the convict but eight
months in separate confinement. The term may be
extended to nine months, or even, more, in case of
bad prison conduct. It is the opinion of the Com-
missioners that the period of separate confinement
should be extended.

Irish convicts are subjected to the discipline of a
third or " intermediate prison," if we may style the
practice which prevails at Lusk farm prison disci•
pline at all. These Irish intermediate prisons,
where the convicts state they are "comfortable,"
and where they get 'f the news of the day," are
altogether, and wisely, ignored by the Royal Com-
mission. It appears from a return (No. 1) fur-
nished by Captain Whitty, the present director of
Irish convict prisons, that those Irish convicts who
have been released from the intermediate prisons of
Smithfield and Lush, on orders of licence, from 1857
to 1862, have given 18 3 per cent. of relapses; while
those prisoners who have been discharged from the
ordinary working prisons of Spike Island and
Philipstown, and who have not received what is
styled "the advantage of an intermediate prison,"
have given, for the same period, but 7 per cent., or,
to be quite correct, 7.1 per cent. of relapses. This
great difference in the percentage of relapses into
new crimes is conclusive as it regards the bad re-
sults of Irish intermediate prisons.
The return for 1862 gives a very high percentage
of relapses, and contrasts unfavourably with English
returns. There were released during the year, on
licence, from Smithfield and Lush 142 convicts. Of
these 95 went abroad, leaving 47 in Ireland; these
47 gave 10 relapses or 21.27 per cent. There were
released in England, on licence, during the same
year (1862) 1,825 prisoners. Of these 125 went
abroad, leaving 1,700 at home, who gave 110 re-
lapses, or 6.5 per cent.
The Irish practice of taking the percentage of
relapses on those who have gone abroad as if they
had remained at home has led to mistakes and
mystification as it regards the great success of the
Irish convict system. Page 11 of the Commissioners'
Report has a table giving the number of sentences
of death, transportation, and penal servitude in
England, Ireland, and Scotland for the last 21 years.
From this table it appears that, while the decrease
of convict crime in Ireland has about kept pace
with the decrease in the population, the decrease in
England and Scotland has been nearly one-third,
notwithstanding the increase in the populations.
The sentences of death, transportation, and penal
servitude in Ireland in 1843, when the population
was over eight millions, were 619. In 1862, when
the population had sunk to little more than five
millions, the sentences were 585.
The new Board of Irish Convict directors assumed
office at an exceptional period as it regards the di-
munition of convict crime. Irish convict prisons,
which had been filled to overflowing, as the result
of the famine, were rapidly discharging themselves.
That this unusual decrease was in nowise owing to
the new system is evident from the fact that it was
in active operation before the new directors came
into office, and that it prevailed to the same extent
in Irish county gaols, where the new Irish convict
system was unknown.

The Commissioners are not of opinion that the
want of efficiency in the present system of punish-
ment in English convict prisons arises from any
error of principle ; they consider it mainly attribu-
tabie to the shortness of the punishment, but they
are of a decided opinion that the length of the sen-
tence should not be unalterably fixed, but that it
should be of a sufficient length to admit of relaxa •
tion or remission as the reward of industry and good
conduct. "Attempts," they say, "to provide a
substitute for the hope of ottaining an earlier re-
lease by granting various other advantages to the
prisoners
obhtaavii
ennnogt
anp abridgment of their roved so powerful as the
punish-
ment."pros-
pect
They " think it would be right to allow
convicts to earn a considerable remission of punish-
ment."

There is a variety of evidence on the subject of
prison diet. Some of the parties examined thought
it excessive, others did not think it too good "con.
sidering the labour exacted from the prisoners ;"
the Commissioners are not therefore prepared to re-
commend positively that the rations of the prisoners
should be diminished.

The Commissioners write under the impression
that a more perfect state of classification exists in
Irish convict prisons than is really the case. The
fact is that classification does not commence in Ire-
land till the convict reaches the public works pri-
son, and that it ceases when he leaves for the inter-
mediate prison. In England the classification com-
mences in the first, or cellular stage, and continues
to the end of the convict's imprisonment or dis-
charge; so that this powerful motive and mark of
good conduct is always la operation in English
prisons.
In speaking of English prisons the Report says,
" The practice of giving each convict half a-day's
schooling in the week, in the hours that would be
otherwise devoted to labour, is objectionable. There
is no reason why the convicts in public works' pri-
sons should not have their schooling after working
hours, as is the case in Ireland." What is the
case in Ireland P That one portion of the convicts in
the great public works' prison of Spike Island get
two half days'schooling in the week during working
hours, and the rest three half days. In both Eng-
lish and Irish convict prisons instruction is conveyed
in the form of lectures after working hours.
There is but one feature of the Irish system—if it
can be called a part of the system—which the Com-
missioners recommend as worthy of adoption in
England, and that is the supervision and disposal of
the convicts after liberation. "The want of any
proper means for the supervision of convicts re-
leased on ticket-of-leave, and of any adequate
arrangements for placing them, when their punish-
ment is over, in ksituation in which they will not
be likely to return to a criminal life" they consider
a great desideratum. The Discharged Prisoners
Aid Society is useful and important, but a depart-
ment in connexion with the prison would be more
effective.

The Report recommends that English prisoners
should be encouraged, on discharge, to emigrate
to a greater extent than they have hitherto done.
A great deal has been done in this line in con-
nexion with Irish convict prisons, and it is to this
practice we must attribute the low percentage of
relapses which has been taken on the whole number
discharged, instead of on those who remained in the
country. But all this is now beginning to be un-
derstood.
The latter and principal part of the report treats
of transportation and the necessity and advantage
of sending a portion of the convicts—those with
long sentences—to Western Australia, respecting
which the Commissioners received some valuable
evidence. "We have already stated our opinion
that all convicts sentenced for any term of years,
who labour under no disqualification, ought ulti-
mately to be sent to Western Australia, and we
shall show hereafter that the colony may, by judi-
cious arrangements, be enabled to receive as many
a
is likely to be any occasion to send from
thisthere
county.,

Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur-
chasing Horniman's pure Tea ; very choice at 3s. 4d. and
4s. " High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the
strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every
town supply it in packets,

Mr. Glaisher's Eleventh Balloon Ascent.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sir,—Allow me to furnish you with some ac-
count of our ascent on the 26th ult.

The place of ascent on this occasion y, as Wolver-
ton. The members of the committee of the British
Association present were Lord Wrottesley, Colonel
Sykes, and Dr. Lee.
The morning was fine, with very light sirs and a
clear blue sky, giving every promise of an easy
ascent ; but towards noon clouds gathered, some of a
dark, threatening character, and the wind increased
in strength. At 1 o'clock the sky was overcast
with high clouds, and the wind was strong.
The balloon lurched a great deal, and it was with
difficulty that Mr. Negretti placed the instruments
in position in the car, and even then there was fre-
quent danger of their breaking, owing to the swaying
of the balloon and the car striking the ground, to pre-
vent which the anited exertions of fifty men were
scarcely sufficient. Unfortunately there was not
gas enough in the balloon to contend wit`. these cir-
cumstances, although there was plenty if the day
had continued calm, and consequently we had at
the last moment to part with five bags of sand to
insure clearing adjacent buildings. The loss of
weight caused us to rise quickly, and its want was
severely felt.

We left the earth at lh. 3m. p.m. ; at lh. 7m. we
were at the height of 2,000 ft. ; at lh. 15m. we
passed above B,oooft. ; a height of 10,000 ft. was
reached at lh. 17m. ; in nine minutes afterwards
we were 15,000 ft. from the earth, and rose gradu-
ally to about four miles and a quarter at lh. 55m.
On descending at 2h. Bm. we were 20,000 ft. from
the earth; at 2h. 13m. above 15,000 ft. ; at 2h. 17m.,
10,000 ft. ; at 2h. 22m., 5,G00ft.; and on the ground
at 2h. 28m.

Before starting, the temperature of the air was
66 degs.; it decreased rapidly on leaving the earth ;
was 54 degs. at 3,000 ft. high ; 49 degs. at 4,000 ft.;
41 degs. at one mile; 30 degs. at two miles; and,
up to this time, every succeeding reading was less
than the preceding, but here the decrease was
checked, and while passir,g from two to three miles
the temperature at first increased to 32 degs., then
decreased to 29 degs. A second increase followed,
and at the height of three miles and a quarter the
temperature was 35 degs. A rapid decrease then
set in, and at three miles and a half the tempera-
ture was 22 degs. From this time till the height of
four miles was reached the temperature varied fre-
quently between 22 dogs, and 18 degs., and at the
height of four miles and a quarter the lowest tem-
perature took place—viz., 17 degs. On descending
the temperature increased to 26 degs. at the height
of 23,000 ft., and then to 32 degs. at the height of
four miles. It then decreased 9 degs. in one
minute, to 23 degs. It continued at this value for
some time ; then increased slowly to 29 degs,, at
19,000 ft., and continued almost constant for a space
of 2,000 ft.; then increased to 32 degs. at 15,000 ft. ;
and was 32 degs. or 33 degs., almost without varia-
tion, during the snow storm, which we experienced
from 13,500 ft. to 10,000 ft. high, when an increase
set in. At 5,000 ft. the temperature was 41 degs.,
and 66 degs on the ground.
We reached some clouds at lh. 9m. ; at Ih. 16m.
we saw a very faint sun, and expected, as usual, its
brilliancy would increase, and that we should soon
break into clear sky. At this time we heard the
sighing of the wind, or rather moaning, as preced-
ing a storm; and this continued for some time, and
is the first instance that either Mr. Coxwell or my-
self has heard such a sound at the height of two
miles. It was not owing to any movement of the
cordage above, but seemed to be below, as from con-
flicting currents beneath. At lh. 17m. some rain
fell ; at lh. 1711 n. we could just see a river ; a few
seconds after we entered a cloud. At lh. 19m. we
could just see the earth and the sun, but both very
faintly. At lh. 20m. we were again enveloped in
dry fog; at 111. 29m. there were faint gleams of
light for a short time, and then all was closed up
again. At lh. 35m. the fog was wetting; at lh.
37m. we entered a dry fog; at lh. 40m. the sun was
just visible, but for the most part cut off by the bal-
loon. At lh. 41m. we were again in fog, which
continued more or less prevalent till lb. 53m., when
we passed above four miles.

At the highest point reached, above 4 miles, the
sky was very much covered with cirrus clouds ; the
sky as seen between them was of a very faint blue ;
as seen from below through a moist atmosphere we
were above clouds, but there were no fine views or
forms, all was confused and dirty-looking, no bright
shining surface, or anything picturesque, and the
view was exceedingly limited, owing to the thick
murky atmosphere.

At 2h. 3m. on descending we lost even the faint
sun and re-entered fog, and experienced a decline
of temperature of 9 deg. in little more than a
minute. At 2h. 6m. there were faint gleams of
light, fog was both above and below, but not near
us. At 2h. 7m. large drops of water fell from the
balloon, covering my note-book; the next minute
we were enveloped in fog, which became very thin
at 2h. 14w. At 2h. 14-Im. rain fell pattering on the
balloon ; this was shortly succeeded by snow, and
for a space of nearly 4,000 ft. we passed through a
snow storm ; there were many spiculce and cross
spiculm, with snow crystals small in size, but dis-
tinct; there were few, if any flakes, as we descended
the snow seemed to rise above us.

At 2h. 17m. we passed below the regions of snow,
and shortly afterwards we saw a canal and then
another, each being straight far miles apparently.
The state of the lower atmosphere was most remark-
able, Mr. Coxwell had never seen it so murky before,
when far from a town—it was of a brownish, yel-
lowish tinge, and remarkably dull. No distance on
land could be seen.

When at the height of one mile, we had no more
sand, and simply became a falling body, checked
somewhat by the balloon ; we threw away leaden
weights, &c., to help to check the rapidity of the de-
scent. The ground wind was strong, and the descent
was somewhat rough ; we rebounded from the earth
three or four times, and finally the grapnel caught
in a watercourse.

The management of the balloon on this occasion,
with its increasing weight, while rising and falling,
with too small an amount of gas, and consequently
of sand, called the different powers of Mr. Coxwell
into play, and his management at the descent—l
was almost about to write " jockeying"—was equal
to the occasion, and doubtless saved many of my
instruments, which in less able hands would inevi-
tably have been broken.

I took up Herschel's actinometer, and once only,
at four miles high, the sun shone on it, during which
time the reading increased nine divisions only in
one minute, wh,le on the ground Dr. Lee and my-
self, at 11 o'clock in the morning, had determined
the increase of 33 divisions in one minute. This
instrnment I hope to be able to use at great heights
on future occasions.

A new mercurial barometer, designed by Messrs.
Negretti and Zambra, and intended specially fer
Alpine travellers, and for observations at high ele-
vations alone, was taken up. It is a foot less in
length than the ordinary barometer, and does tot
begin to act till a considerable height is reached ;
it was read by Mr. Coxwell simultaneously with
my reading of the standard barometer, at many
elevations up to four miles, and the readings were
always coincident. It was broken in the descent.

The unexpected circumstances which preceded
our leaving the earth had called upon Mr. Coxwell
for great personal exertions to prepare for the
ascent, and on starting he was in a state of perspi-
ration, and had been so wholly engrossed that when
the balloon left he had no extra clothing. The de-
cline of 30 min. of temperature in a quarter of an
hour caused him to feet a most painful degree of
cold, and on attempting to lower the grapnel I had
to attend to his instructions with respect to the
valve, and finally to assist him in lowering the
grapnel. At lh. 20m. his hands were a blackish
blue. At the height of three miles a train was heard,
and at a height exceeding four miles another train
was heard. Those heights are the greatest at
which we ever heard sounds, and indicate the gene-
rally moist state of the atmosphere. Before quite
reaching the highest point I examined portions of
the blue sky with a small spectroscope, which
I could readily use anywhere, and the spec-
trum was seen just as from the earth under
the same circumstances. I could not use the

large spectroscope at all throughout the journey,
and through the thick atmosphere and large amount
of vapour I was unable to make any use of the
camera kindly prepared by Mr. Melhuish, with
plates specially prepared by Mr. H. Norris, of Bir-
mingham. This ascent must rank among the most
extraordinary ever made ; the results were most
unexpected. 'We met with at least three distinct
layers of clouds in ascending, of different thickness,
reaching up to four miles high ; when here the
atmosphere, instead of being brLht and clear, as it
has always been in preceding ascents, was thick and
misty, but perhaps the most extraordinary and un-
expected result in the month of June was meeting
with snow and crystals of ice floating in the at-
mosphere at the height of three miles, and of nearly
one mile in thickness.

My thanks are due to Mr. Negretti, who kindly
attended to assist me to the last moment of my
leaving the earth.
From the chairman, Mr. Moore, and from all,
whether directors, officers, or men, in whatever
capacity, I met with liberality, courtesy, and atten-
tion, which speaks well for the order of so vast an
undertaking; and I am glad of this opportunity of
expressing my thanks to them. I would not in par•
titular omit Mr. Ortton, who, as manager of the
gas, and with inadequate means at his command,
contrived through zeal and intelligence to meet Mr.
Coxwell's requirements.

The place of descent was in a field adjoining the
farm of `Zr. H. Jones, on the borders of the counties
of Cambridge and Norfolk, 20 miles from the Wash,
and eight miles from Ely, next to the field in which
the dam of the celebrated racehorses Gownsman and
and Avenger was grazing, which did not exhibit
any sign of fright. Our best thanks are due to Mr.
Jones for his kind assistance and liberality.—l am,
sir, your obedient servant,
Blackheath, July 1. JAMES GLATSHE R.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.—The debate in the House of Commons on
Tuesday night represents with more than usual
fidelity the varied sentiments of the British people
upon the drama which the Americans are enacting
for our instruction. Incisive, vehement, and vitupe-
rative, sharpened perhaps by Canadian antipathy to
a bordering Yankee population, and prompted by
generous sympathy for a brave people who are suf-
fering at their own hearths the extreme agonies of
being sabred and plundered by the mercenary scum
of Europe, Mr. Roebuck speaks the indignation of
millions among us who hate oppression whoever
may be the oppressor, and who sympathise with
suffering whoever mAy be the victim. He is the
mouthpiece of perhaps the most numerous class in
these islands—men who indulge their feelings un-
checked by any sense of responsibility, and who
cry aloud to stay the horrors that shock them
without troubling themselves as to how this is to
be done, or considering the probability of other
and nearer horrors being created by the inter-
ference they invoke. Mr. Roebuck's speech was
imprudent, telling, and eminently unpractical, but
it was a faithful representative speech. Fortu-
nately, the class which he represented is not the
governing class of this country, or we should
never be at peace, but always crusading on behalf
of some " idea." Mr. Gladstone's task was to
infuse the practical element into the question be-
foie the house, and to do so without denying the
poetical justice of the view adopted by the mover.
Mr. Gladstone also represented what is happily
a very large section of our population,—sober
thinking men who hold their imagination under the
control of their reason, who can be religious with-
out becoming ascetics, who can be generous without
giving all their goods to feed the poor, and who
can feel for Poles, and Romans, and Egyptian
labourers, and North American conscripts, torn from
their families for certain sacrifice in the South, and
for Irishmen and Germans kidnapped to the same
wretched end; and can also sympathise with the
desolation caused in the South by these miserable
instruments, but who have too much good sense to
wish to be always rushing over the earth to redress
every wrong and vindicate every right. Lord Robert
Cecil also was in his way a representative speaker,
for he represented a large class who, in and out of
Parliament, look upon this and every other subject
as a possibility for the creation of political party
capital. When these speakers had been heard the
great bulk of our population had spoken. If three
average Englishmen should find themselves together
in a railway carriage, and a quiet fourth in the corner
should listen to their conversation, he would probably
hear one impetuous individual inveigh against the bar-
barities of the Northern mercenaries much as Mr.
Roebuck did, while the second would say " Yes,
that is all very true, but----" much as Mr. Glad-
stone did, and a third would perhaps suggest
that it would be a very awkward subject
to deal with at the next election. For our-
selves, we confess to great indifference as to
the exact means by which the Emperor of the
French may contrive to make use of members of
the House of Commons to effect his own purposes
without directly compromising himself. Mr. Roe-
buck and Mr. Lindsay will probably both think
that their occupation as unacknowledged go-be-
tweens has not been very dignified, and perhaps
the Emperor of the French may now reflect that
his agents in this matter were not chosen with com-
plete good fortune. Certainly no plot could have
been worse contrived to attain a joint action
towards a recognition of the Southern States. This
already appears in the debate, and we shall be sur-
prised if it do not become still more evident as the
discussion I roceeds.

POST.—Whether the Southern Confederacy has
or has not furnished conclusive proofs of being able
to establish its independence may be disputed by
those who desire at any price the re-establishment
f the American Union, but its bitterest enemies can-
not deny that it still possesses sufficient power to
terrify its assailants. It sufficed for the general of
the army covering the approaches to Richmond to
change his position, and despatch a few handfuls
of cavalry across the Federal frontier, to spread a
panic throughout the principal States of what still
represents the original Republic. It now appears
that the apprehensions of the populations of Mary-
land and Pennsylvania, of New York and of Ohio,
were exaggerated, and that it was little more than
a raid across the Potomac of some three or four
thousand Confederates which has afforded suffi-
cient excuse to the Federal Executive for calling
out one hundred and twenty thousand State militia.
The rapidity with which the Northern States pass
from one extreme to the other—one day flushed
with the hopes of speedy victory, and the following
one congratulating themselves on being in a position
to resist the aggression of their foes—cannot fail to
excite attention, though from those who are ac •
quainted with the character of their population it
does not elicit surprise. The invasion of the Fede-
ral States is clearly not meditated by Gen. Lee, and
the expedition into Pennsylvania is only to be re-
garded as a diversion for strategic purposes. But,
even supposing this to be so, the significance of
the fact that the Confederates have been ena-
bled at the present stage of the war to carry
a successful raid into their enemies' country is
not the less striking. The tide of invasion has,
as Mr. Roebuck expressed it, been rolled back.
It may not, and it is obvious that it does
not, suit the interests of the Confederacy to
carry an invasion into the territory of the North.
If a league of States, with an aggregate population
of twenty millions, has been unable to subdue an-
other league with a population only one-third as
numerous, it is not probable that the latter would in
its turn be enabled to subjugate the former. For
our own parts, we distrusted the report that Gene-
ral Lee seriously contemplated the invasion of the
Northern States. The border State of Maryland
stands on a very peculiar footing. It is a slave-
holding State, and its inhabitants would more
willingly unite their fortunes with the Southern
than with the Northern Confederacy. But within
its confines stands the District of Columbia, con-
taining the city of Washington. If Lee meditates
the invasion of Maryland it is solely with a view
to gaining possession of Washington, and not as a
step towards reducing to subjugation such States
as Pennsylvania and New York. If, indeed, his
operations against the Federal capital were success-
ful, he might not unreasonably expect that the
Maryland population would then declare them-
selves in favour of the Southern Confederacy, and,
in the event of a peace being concluded, the divid
ing line between the two Confederacies might run
to the north and not to the south of the District of
Columbia. The Marylanders well know that, if
peace were made to-morrow between the North and
South, their State would remain included in the
old federation. To this, however, it is notorious
that they object, and it is not improbable, if the
Confederate General can maintain his position to
the north of the Potomac longer than he did last
autumn, and if he can defeat the army to which the
defence of Washington is entrusted, that they may
give him a more encouraging reception than that
accorded to him on the last occasion when he
crossed the Northern frontier.

HERALD..—NO One who has witnessed a de-
bate in the House of Commons upon a question
involving in any way our relations with the Ame-
rican belligerents can remain in doubt as to the
sympathies of that assembly. It is true that the
noisy energy of the Americanising Radicals makes
up, so far as mere vociferation is concerned, for the
paucity of their numbers. They are not checked in

their rudeness by any scruples on the score o
courtesy and decorum ; and the stentorian lungs of
the members for Birmingham and Brighton are
available to swell the cheers which greet alike the-
plausible reasoning of Mr. Forster, and the frantic
extravagancies of the unhappy mountebank who
sits for Leicester. The same vigorous lungs give a
force and power of annoyance to Radical interrup-
tions sufficient to exasperate the not very equable
temper of Mr. Roebuck, and disconcert Lord.
R. Cecil, whose resolution and self-confidence
are not yet fortified by experience. The
mieisterialists, as in duty bound, cheer their
leaders, whether the Solicitor-General rise to ex-
cuse the escape of the Alabame, or Mr. Gladstone
exert all his ingenuity to prove that a Government
which has created an army, a navy, and a nation i 9
not yet entitled to recognition. But no one can
watch the course of debate without perceiving that
the apologists of the North, or of a policy favourable
to the North, always speak as apologists, with the
consciousness that they address an audience which
dislikes to hear; while every phrase that expresses
a generous sympathy with Southern heroism and a
rational confidence in the first triumph of the
Southern cause is eagerly caught up and enthusias-
tically cheered by every section of the house, ex-
cepting that small and hated faction who on this,
as on every other question, are at issue with the
wishes, the hopes, and the feelings of the English.
natiou. No one can mistake the sincerity of the
cheers that greet a Minister who has occasion
to make a speech disagreeable to the North;
while the perfunctory character of the ap-
plause which accompanies an official speech
against recognition is as evident as the half-hearted-
ness of the special pleading of Mr. Gladstone against
the motion of Tuesday night. The house, like the
country, wishes well to the Confederates; rejoices
in their victories, regrets theirs ufferings, glows with
indignation against the crimes and cruelties of which
they are the victims. And this sympathy, national
and Parliamentary, is in itself a strong and power-
ful argument in favour of the Confederate claims.
For it is sympathy which has grown out of the de-
velopment of American character and the increase
of English knowledge. At first the national feeling
was adverse to the South, and those who knew the
truth and laboured to make it clear had an uphill
work to do. It is the growth of knowledge as to the
source of the struggle—in the determination of the
South not to be ruled by a sectional faction,
and not in a love for slavery—it is the virtue of the
Confederates, the savage brutality, cowardice, and
insolence of the Northerners ; it is the conviction
that there is nothing respectable in the attempt of
the Federal Government to conquer the South, and
everything that is generous and chivalric in the
determination of the South never to be conquered ;
it is the certainty that the Confederates are in the
right and the invaders in the wrong, that has taught
the English people, as well as their representatives,
from their hearts to desire that the tide of invasion
should be rolled back, and that the Confederate
States of America should take that high place among
the nations to Is hich they are entitled by deeds of
heroism that have few parallels in the history of
mankind. Against this sympathy the advocates of
aggression, the champions of despotism—the ad-
mirers of President Lincoln and apologists of Gen.
Butler—find it every day more and more difficult
to contecd.

COUNTRY MARKETS.

NEWCASTLE-TUESDAY.

There bas been a fair business doing in wheat to-day,
but the supply was limited • farmers being busy in conse-
quence of the fine weather the attendance was small ; sales
at former quotations. _ _ _

Old white wheat..s4s to 60s I Old red wheat, to 563
New do. ..50s to 56s New do. 4ss to 50s
Malting barley....37s to 42s I Oats. 22s to 30s
Grinding d0.....29s to 32s I Beans 3ss to 453