The Sun.
London, England, 1863-11-02 00:00:00

TW Z. CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA,

(From the Times' Correspondent.)
NEW YORK, Oct. 21,
'The perplexities of Diogenes in search of an ho-
ne st man bid fair to be equalled by those of Presi-
dent Lincoln in search of a General. Up to this
time the American has scarcely been more success-
ful than the Greek. If the ancient cynic happened
to light upon what the poet has since declared to be
the noblest work of God," he had not sagacity
enough to know the treasure by its outward appear-
ance ; and if Mr. Lincoln in the course of his long
inquiry has had for a while in his possession the
greatly coveted preserver of the Union, he has not
known either how to prize or how to use him.
M'Clellan was the nearest approach to an effective
commander that Mr. Lincoln's search has elicited;
and up to the recent occupation of Chattanooga it
seemed as if Gen. Rosencranz was the very man in

pursuit of whom the President was perambulating
his dominions. But Rosencranz having, like his pre-
decessors, failed in accomplishing the impossible,
has, like his predecessors, been hurled from the pe-
destal by the ruthless iconoclasts of the Cabinet. It
is Mr. Linco u's fault or misfortune, as it has been
that of all his countrymen, to honour the fighting
general more than the contriving one ; to set the
sword above the spade ; and to think more highly
of mere personal valour than of military science and
of far reaching strategy. Hence Gen. Rosencranz,
who was the idol of the day as long as people ex-
pected that he would win a decisive victory, no
sooner lost a battle, which was at best a drawn
game, if so much as that, than the confidence placed
in him melted away. The public was daily informed
for a whole month that the position of Rosencranz
at Chattanooga was impregnable, that he had been
or certainly would be, largely reinforced, and that
issuing forth in his irresistible might he would, in
his own time, scatter the legions of Bragg like chaff
before the wind, break the neck of the rebellion,
and, effecting with Gen. Meade a movement upon
Richmond, would capture President DAvis and all
his Cabinet, and bring them to Washingtm to
b© hanged on gibbets as high as that of Haman.
But people were slow to credit what it was evident
that neither Mr. Lincoln nor Mr. Stanton believed ;
and no one has been surprised by the announcement

made yesterday that General Rosencranz has been
deprived of the command of the Army of the Cum-
berland, or that General Thomas has been appointed
in his place. No one knows anything of the mili-
tary qualities of this General. He rescued the Army
of the Cumberland from total destruction by his ob-
stinate valour, when General Rosencranz was asleep
in Chattanooga, unsuspicious of danger, and for that
reason alone he has been chosen to command it.
But whether he can lead and manage an army as
well as he can fight at the head of a division is a
problem which the future must solve. Those who
remember the promotion of Gererals Pope, Burn-
side, and Hooker for the same reason, and the igno-
minous failures which they severally made, have no
great faith that " fighting Thomas" will prove better
than "fighting Hooker," and a growing feeling of
distrust prevails that the greediness of the Cabinet
for speedy victory—desired on political more than
on military grounds—prevents the President from
knowing a good general when he has found him.
General Grant, though not in immediate command
of the Army of the Cumberland, is to have control
over the whole South-western campaign, so that
General Thomas will in effect act in subordination
to him, and do the fighting, not so much to achieve
victory over the Confederates imfore Chattanooga as
to withdraw the Federal force from a position in the
highest degree critical. As the Americans worship
the rising but never the setting sun, General Grant
is the present object of their exaggerated homage.
He and he only is declared to be the reel and in-
disputable Napoleon of the North, a man who in
taking Vicksburg achieved a far greater and more
glorious deed than Bonaparte ever accomplished ;
and who exceeds the French commander in genius
and fortune as much as Federal America exceeds
France in length, breadth, and area. Gen. Grant
will doubtless share the fate of his predecessors.
For a brief space every military efficer who comes
to the surface of political favour is held to be the
biggest man in the world—a man who by his mighty
deeds is to eclipse the fame of Cxeir, Charles XII ,
Marlborough, Wellington, and Napoleon, and to
prove to the unwilling and envious nations of effete
old Europe that they must send to America if they
wish to learn the art of war and how to kill the
greatest possible number of soldiers in the least pos-
sible time and to the least possible purpose. So for
awhile Gen. Grant will sun himself in the rays of
Presidential and popular favour. If he defeat Gen.
Bragg thoroughly and finally he will rise to still
higher appreciation, and become a candidate for the
Presidency. Having reached that point the star of
his glory will have culminated. He will be in Mr.
Lincoln's way, and in that of Mr. Chase, of Mr.
Stanton, of Gen. Halleck, and of a host of political
enemies, and will speedily be unmade by the hand

. _
which made him. Then the President will take his

lantern once more, and prowl about the camps
keen-eyed and jocose, in search of that unattainable
general who is always coming, but never comes, and
of that self-sacrificing hero, who will consent only
to achieve each an amount of success in the field as
will make him tolerable to an impatient people,
without making himself obnoxious to the President
Ines
Bes or the countless Presidents in posse, who hate
by anticipation every man in military or civil life
who threatens to become too pecular and too
Powerful.
But lir.
an Lincolnarm is not only in search of a general,
but of
that it was nalvis He has learnt from experience
Davis,e in him, as he thought it cruel
in Mr Jefferson
to drive unwilling conscripts
to the battle-field ,c like
act Ike bullocks to the slaughter
pen." Without
Northern
abandoning the design of
impressing the c ern youth to serve in his
Southern wars, and
as
aontinuing to hold that un-
palatable measure sword in terrorem over the
heads of the ablebodied
West, by he has announced males of the North and
proclamation that he
will give the voluntary system
more trial. He
requires 300,000 men by the first lit!eek in January,
1864, to whom he offers the usual
100 dole. and advance pay. ThiZ of .
nntY money of
not be the sole inducement held oat for the libe-
rality of the cities and towns, and of
indi-
viduals growirg rich out of contracts,
increase that sum by public subscriptions cetort4in to
"hat-
ever amount may become necessary to purchase,
rish.
men and Germans. It cannot be supposed
i that it
Wi I be necessary to purchase Amer
cans,for it Would
be a libellonE denial of their patriotism to anpno_.
that any one of them would take the dirty
ninni;;
the State as a bribe for doing his duty in the hour or
his country's peril. Should volunteering be not
sufficiently brisk in the interval, a conscription will
again be tried, and, although Mr. Lincoln does not
say as much in his proclamation, it will probably
he a conscription after the fashion of the Prussian
Landsturm, in which every ablebodied man of the
fighting age will be compelled to serve without right
of exemption. The proclamation, though only three
days old, has already had a remarkable effect
upon the Republican journals. Three months ago
they were all loud in praise of the draught as
the fairest and most equitable mode of raising
it narmy. Bat as Mr. Lincoln has changed his
opinions,
so also have they. It was one of the
(1118"e'l of M V- ' •
r. allandigham which brought upon
his head the
condemnation of General Burnside
first, of Mr.
Lincoln
the whole Re ‘. second, and afterwards of
military conscription
'lean party, that he denounced a
Re-
publican liberty, I
as alien to the spirit of t
was, until new light broke
upon the Administration,.
brought against the one of the main charges
~ Copperheads" that Democratic party and the
" tere.smably," raaintaiZy "disloyally," if not
Union could not be r,,pier
iti d by volunteers there
that if the armies of the
w Is an end of the Union, inasmuch
plocurahle, which was more than 43 conscripts, if
the worst poahible material for scar.. doubtful, were
in any war,
and especially in a civil War, between
same race and language. But now a new face has
been put upon the matter by all the
friends and
organs of the Administration. Ina constitutional
country the King can do no wrong, because he actsai
through retiponsible3linisters, who may be made to
pay the penalty for his misdeeds. But in this coun
try (for the pres'nt) the President can neither do

wrong nor think wrongly, in the estimation of the

war faction. The constitutional fiction of other

nations does not screen him as chief magistrate
from the responsibility of his actions, but such a

divinity hedges him iu the minds of all the sup-

porters of the Government, that tie is held as
incapable of saying a foolish thing as Charles 11.,
but more fortunate than he, in never doing a wrong
one. When he supports a consciption, his devoted
followers never weary of praising his wisdom When
he declares a conscription to be needless, they repeat
his words with delighted sympathy and every one is
lost in wonder at his sagacity. After all, they say,
voluntary service is not only the cheapest but the
best defence of nations ; and the Copperheads were
in this respect not so wrong as we thought them.
Meanwhile the Copperheads chuckle. The war
Democrats as well as the peace Democrats are
agreed that the supply of fighting Americans is
exhausted, and that unless the Irish and the
Germans come largely to the rescue, it will not be
possible to raise a hundred thousand volunteers in
the time specified. The demand for labour is ex-
cessive. There are no honest, hard k. •wor _ Ing men

Who cannot make more money at work than at war.
'The rowdies who rushed so jauntily into the field

two years and a half ago have had their day, and
have either been killed off or limp about the streets,
the maimed remembrancers of the strife; or having
escaped wounds and fever, are too much disgusted
with their military experience to renew it at Mr.
Lincoln's call. The adventurous patriots who once
thought they could subdue the South in three

months, and rushed to arms at the first insult to the
flag at Fort Sumter, are either in their graves or
sadder and wiser living men. The " plug-uglies"
are for the South. The " Bowery boys" are indif-
ferent to " glory." The fact is, let political parti-
sanship disguise it as it may, the effervescence of
American patriotism has subsided, The illusion is
dulled. It was a great and glorious thing, under
old Gen. Scott, to conquer Mexico in three months;

but not to conquer the South in three Sears is an-

other kind of business, which has no charms for the
imagination of the wild and reckless spitits who

originally plunged into the strife.
Governor Seymour has been the first State fune-

tionary to reply to the President's call. In a pro-
clamation to the people of New York, dated yester-
day, at Albany, be has done his best to encourage
present enlistments and to discourage a future con-
scription. He draws but a gloomy picture of the
state of public aff_tirs—a picture that in a Republi-

can Governor would be described as faithful, but
which in a Democratic one is certain to be held
as a factious exaggeration of the facts. He
says that the defenders of the national capital
are menaced by a superior force ; that the Army
of the Cumberland is imperilled, and that the
military operations of the Government are de-
layed by the want of adequate military power,
and are threatened with serious military disaster.
However much Mr. Seymour may be abused for
the confession, it was the part of true patriotism to
make it. General Meade's army does not exceed
50,000 men, and though the numbers of General
Lee's are not known, it is probable, as the latter
has chosen to assume the offensive, and Meade deemed

it prudent to retreat before him, that he has the
superiority of force. The army of the Cumberland,
cooped up in Chattanooga for the last 30 days, with
provisions not ca'culated to hold out for more than
a month, must either be relieved, fight its way out,
or surrender. But Governor Seymour sees in noon
of these things a reason for the conscription. He
thinks, or, at all events, he says that voluntary effort
will provide the armies necessary for the safety of
the Repub.ic, and denounces the conscription as a
system which unavoidably inflicts unequal burdens
on society, causes great distress and injury to indi-
viduals, and is more hurtful to the whole commu-
nity than the equalised cost and sacrifices of volun-
teering. The document does not satisfy the Govern-
ment, and is all the more distasteful to the Repub-
licans because it is so cautiously worded as to give
no handle to the charge of " disloyalty," which is
already growled against it by the watch-dogs of the
party.

Mr. Seward desires just now to encourage ami-

cable sentiments towards Great Britain. The speech
of Lord Russell at Blairgo wrie has put him in good
humour; and the hint has gone forth from Washin-
gton to the Ministerial press in other cities to indulge
for the present in no more attacks against England
or Englishmen. It is not to be said that the British
Government is " afraid" of Federal vengeance if Mr.
Laird's rams are prevented from leaving the Mersey;
but only that Lord Russell, with that desire to
do justice which is his chief characteristic, has at
last seen the error of his ways in shutting his eyes
against the misdeeds of greedy shipbuilders and
Confederate " pirates," and has resolved to be more
watchful for the future, lest so great a calamity
should happen to the world as war between the two
branches of the Anglo-Saxon family and the reduc-
tion of Great Britain to the rank of a second or
third-rate Power. But the hint is not kindly or
generally taken, and in this city especially the An-
glophobia excited by the presence of the Russian
fleet breaks out in all sorts of odd ways and im-
proper places. The last manifestation was at the
municipal dinner given to the Russian officers yester-
day evening—a dinner which appears to have been
very greatly mismanaged as regards the invitations
sent out, and which were almost exclusively confined
to the Aldermen and Common Councilmen and their
immediate friends and retainers. A reverend gentle

man named Boole—peaceful as a Christian should be
whenever he mentioned Russia, and as warlike as a
Christian should not be whenever he mentioned
England—said in the coarse of a speech which his
friends declared to be an oration, " that America

and Russia clasped hands across the ocean, and the
breadth of England's isle was no impediment to
their embrace." The sentiment elicited such rounds

of applause as to give the cue to the temper of the
meeting to all the succeeding speakers. One of them,
the Hon. Dudley Field, brother of Mr. Cyrus Field,
of the Atlantic Telegraph, in responding to the toast
of " Neutrality," purposely introducea into the list
to afford an opportunity for the display of the anti-
British rancour that fills the heart of America, ex-
patiated at great length upon the " false" neutrality
of Great Britain and France, and especially of the
former. He declared that " Americans would never

forget it; and, more than this," he said, warming
with his subject, ‘.' the men of this generation,
who have smarted under these wrongs, will not rest
until some of them are righted. We see the ground
fresh with graves, half of which would never have
been opened but for the countenance which England
and France have given to the rebellion ; and whether
it shall be procured from their apprehension of the
consequences, or from their sense of justice, repara-
tion must yet be made, or the seed which has been
sown in these three years will ripen into an iron
harvest of future war, of which no man can foresee
the end 2, The most rapturous applause followed
the
officers, who ought not to have
wards
the
Itst of unreasoning spite—as unseemly to-
been made
dinner-table, a: it
tecipients for such acerbities at a
was unjust towards the two great
Powers of Europe,
Whohave done so little and suf-
fered so much in %is
gentlemen
war. The Russian
officers are said to be
tiemen in the true sense of
the word, and to
discover that they have been duped
and made tools of ; and that in
all the dinners, fes-
tivities, and celebrations ineti-ttuet:di:ii their
inthehopnoopuur.
the concealed object was greater than the avowed
one, and that had there been no ill -Rill .
lar mind against Great Britain no such exuberance
of exaggerated friendship would have been displayed
towards Russia.
As a proof that the Russian Admiral has been
made aware at last that he and his countrymen have
endured too much of this ill-bred persecution, he has
stipulated that in the tour to the Falls of Niagara,
to which ho and a hundred fellow officers have been
invited by the directors of the Hudson River Steam.
Moat Company, of the New York Central and Erie
Railway, and on which he is to start the day after
to-morrow, there shall be no speech-making, and
lest Yankee orators should prove irrepressible, it
has been wisely resolved by the projectors of the
excursion that no reporters from the American press
shall be present.

Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur-
chasing Horniman'a pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and
4s. "High Standard" at 4a. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the
strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every
town supply it in rockets.

ORIGIN 'OF THE MHOW SCANDAL,

Demoralised as was the official condition of the
Inniskillings when Colonel Crawley assumed the
command of that corps, its social state, according
to the same authority, was if possible worse. Its
engaged in discreditable
officers were incessantly
squabbles with each other; their language was
habitually violent and low ; and a " moral and
social" difficulty, which baffled all Col. Crawley's
calm and judicious efforts at arrangement, soon de-
prived him of the support of the married members
of the mess, and laid the foundation of the ill feel-
ing between himself and his paymaster, which ended,
as will be seen, in the professional ruin of Captain
Smales. The nature of this "moral and social"
difficulty has been entirely kept out of sight by the
president and members of the court-martial at Mhow.
It is, however, absolutely necessary, in order to un-
derstand the merits of the story which the Blue-book
professes to relate, that it should be distinctly indi-
cated, and I will do no more than indicate it, referring
those who may be anxious for further particulars
to the proceedings of the Court of Divorce, in May,
1858. When the 6th Dragoons proceed,. dto India
in that year, several changes occurred among its
officers, and about a year before Colonel Crawley
took command of it a captain and his wife ex-
changed into the regiment from the -- Light
Dragoons, and were cordially received into its so-
ciety. Bat shortly afterwards it came to be known
that the lady was a divorcée, and that her former
marriage had been dissolved, according to Lord
Campbell, by whom the operation had been per-
formed, " under circumstances of peculiar
profligacy." This painful disclosure created, as
may be supposed, considerable scandal among the
small European society of the station ; and all the
married officers of the Inniskillings, with the
exception of Colonel Crawley, declined to con-
cede any longer to the lady the local rank which
she had hitherto enjoyed among their wives and
daughters as an honest woman. Colonel Crawley,
it would seem, espoused the divorced lady's cause
with considerable warmth, urging upon his married
officers that they ought to allow " by-goner to be
by-gones ;" and endeavouring to enforce the liberal
doctrine that as long as a male or female Inniskil-
linger conducted himself or herself with propriety
after joining the regiment, no member of the corps
was entitled to inquire into any peccadillos of which
the party might have been previously guilty else-
where. He even went so far as express to his
officers his opinion that if a certain official tin box,
containing old regimental papers, which Colonel
Crawley, with delicate irony, called " Colonel
Shute's legacy," was examined, there were very
few of them whose characters would stand the scru-.

tiny. And, finally, Colonel Crawley issued a formal
memorandum, in which he peremptorily ordered
" that the harmony and good feeling which should
always exist between officers of the same corps,
should not be jeopardised by any further allusion
to this moral and social difficulty by any officer
under his command" (p. 53). The two indviduals
who seem to have resisted most firmly Colone►
Crawley's liberality on the subject of the Seventh
Commandment were, as might have been expected,
the two senior married officers of his regiment, Sur-
geon Turnbull and Paymaster Smales. From the
data of the memorandum which has just been
quoted, all friendly intimacy between these two
gentlemen and their commanding officer ceased ;
constant squabbles between the parties are indicated
throughout the evidence recorded in the Bluebook;
and very grave complaints against Messrs. Suaales
and Turnbull, on apparently very trivial grounds,
appear to have been forwarded from time to time
to the superior authorities with varying results.—
Coradll Magazine for November.

-
The Bombardment of Kagosima.

(Front the London Gazette of Friday Evening•)
" Euryalus. at Kagosima, Aug. 17.
" Sir,—I have the honour to transmit for the informa-
tion of the Commander• in-Chief a detailed account of the
casualties in the squadron engaged with the Forts at Kago-
sima, on tho aftcLuoon of tho 15th inot.
"I would beg to bring to the notice of the Commander-
in-Chief the able assistance rendered me by Mr. Charles it.
Godfrey, acting-surgeon of her Majesty's ship Vulcan, who
was awaiting passage to that vessel, trusting the com-
mander• in-chief will be pleased to bring the same before the
favourable notice of the Lords Commissioners of the Ad-
miralty.
"Mr. Edward A. Birch, acting-assistant surgeon, I
would beg also to mention, who was untiring in his atten-
tion to the wounded.—l have, &c.,
"I). L. MORGAN, Surgeon.
" Commander James E. Hunter, Commanding Officer of

her Majesty's ship EuryAlus.. "

"Euryalus, Kagosima Bay, Aug. 17.
" LIST OP CASUALTIES IN THE SQUADRON EMPLOYED
AGAINST THE FORTS AT KAGOSIMA ON THE 14111 OF

AUGUST.
"Her Majesty's ship Euryalus.-J. J. S. Josling, cap-
tain, age 37, killed-skull shot away, E. Wilmot, com-
mander, age 30, killed-back part of skull shot away.
Michael Hegarty, A. 8., age 22, killed-compound fracture
of skull and jaws. Patrick Fleming, private, R.M. Light
Infantry, age 23, killed-fracture of base of skull. William
Lindsey, A,8., age 21, killed-fracture of base of skull.
John Warren, ordinary, age 19, killed-compound fracture
of skull. John Smith, A. 8., age 22, killed-compound
fracture of skull, and compound fracture of pelvis. William
Yardeley, A. 8., age 24, killed-compound fracture of skull.
John Hawkins, ordinary, age 19-mortally (died the same
evening)-compound fracture of pelvis and upper third of
femur. Thomas Harding, boy, first class, age 17, mortally
(since dead)-right side of cheat torn away by shell, ribs,
fractured, lungs lacerated, also compound fracture of arm.
Alfred Jephson, Lieutenant, age 22, slightly-contused
wound from shell on right shoulder, face burnt by explo-
sion, also various minor contusions. Geo.W. Jones, assist.-
paymaster, first class, age 26, slightly-contused splinter
wound, right leg. Jas, Kennett, ordinary, age 28, slightly
-face and arms burt by explosion of shell. John Pittman,
ordinary. age 20, slightly-splinter scalp wound, face burnt
by explosion of shell. Silvanus Abbott, A. 8., age 22,
slightly-splinter wound in back of both forearms, and con-
tusion of inside of left thigh. John Skinner, ordinary, aged
19, slightly-face scorched with powder. W. Mitchell, or-
dinary, aged 22, slightly-scalp wound (splinter). George
Roeder, leading seaman, age 23, slightly-contusion of right
arm (splinter). Samuel Fox, A. 8., age 22, slightly
- contusion of both arms, contusion of right groin
and leg. Henry Oram, ordinary, age 19, slightly
-contused wound of left leg (splinter). Isaac New-
berry, ordinary, age 19, slightly-wound of scalp and
left foot by splinters. William BRdcock, wardroom cook,
aged 40, slightly-contusion of left side and arm (splinter).
William Huggett, ordinary, age 19, slightly-contusion of
right leg (splinter). W. Howden, private, Royal Marine
Light Infantry, age 26, dangerously-right side of face
shattered by shell, right half of lower jaw excised. Daniel
Leary, private, Royal Marine Light Infantry, age 21,
severely-shell wound of right thigh-eyes, face, and arms
scorched by explosion. William Sale, gunner, Royal Ma-
rano Artillery, age 27, slightly-contusion of chest from
splinter. Eugene Neil, leading seaman, age 24, slightly-
contusion of left arm, fingers and face scorched by explosion
of shell. John Stiff, A. 8., aged 23, slightly-lacerate]
wound of left foot by splinter. George Bartlett, ordinary,
age 19, slightly-face burnt by explosion. George Alexan-
der, ordinary, age 19, slightly-contusion of right thigh
(splinter). Thomas Mitchell, A. 8., age 22, slightly, splinter
wound of foot, faced scored by explosion of shell.
" Her Majesty's Ship Pearl.-Mr. Armstrong, carpenter
2d class, age 38, slightly-splinter wound of forehead and
ankle. James Friend, quartermaster, aged 44, dangerously
--splinter wounds of face and left thigh, William Farrell,
drummer, Royal Marine Light Infantry, aged 18, severely
-splinter wounds of buttocks, thighs, and feet. H. Mercer,
A. 8., age 26, slightly-splinter wounds of ankles. George
Kimmins, ordinary, ago 21, slightly-splinter wound of
calf of leg. F. Dobson, blacksmith, age 32, slightly-splinter
wound of finger. James Mitchell, boy, 2d class, age 16,
slightly-splinter wound of calf of leg.
"Her Majesty's Ship Coquette.-Thomas Finn, gunner
Royal Marine Artillery, age 27, killed-compound fracture
of pelvis. Henry Gale, captain maintop, age 29, mortally
(dead)-compound fracture of upper third of right thigh.
D. A. Denny, lieutenant, age 26, dangerously-gunshot
wound of left knee. Wm. Harris, gunner, Royal Marine
Artillery, age 80, dangerously-gunshot wound of left leg.
William Mumford, private, R.M., ago 35, severely-con-
tused wound of right thigh. Win. Vernon, boy, Ist class,
age 17, slightly-contused wound of left side.
"Her Majesty's ship Perseus,-George,Head, boy, 2d
class, age 16, mortally (dead)-compound fracture of both
legs.ca Francis J. Pitt, lieutenant, age 22, slightly-in-
se
•
, wound on left leg and contusion of right leg. Robert
Gilpin, master,
age 33, slightly-burn of right hand from
effects of a shell. Henry Cook, acting chief engineer, age
40, eli
ghtly-ineised wound of the third finger of right
hand from splint
pula from splintern aT'idh
John R. Aylen, midshipman, age 17,
slightly-contusion
Punctured wound under right soa-
p Biggs, second captain foretop,
are 29,
wound of right arm. William
A.l7p. Ber
Knight, cooper, age 25, slighus ineised wound of left arm
from splinter. Charles Suitors' '
splinter, William
Gibson,
wound of left ankle from
ordinary, age 21, severely-lacerated and contus mimwoundooi
b'th arms from splinter. Charles Gale, private, RM. Light