The Sun.
London, England, 1830-03-27 00:00:00

he was acquainted, said, that he never saw in this f are the objects of it, the moral sanction; popular
country anything that looked like tea—to him it 1 opinion being a phrase which expresses the praise
appeared to be nothing but sloe leaves. He should lor blame which the people bestow ; and the sane-
be the last in the world to interfere with the home tion being the good or evil consequences which men
manufacture—(A laugh)—but he thought that a are accustomed to associate with that praise or blame.
duty which led to adulteration and fraud was at "In the present state of education, the praise
least a fit subject for inquiry before a Commit- and blame of most men are very erroneously be-
tee."—lt is certainly not a little singular, that stowed, with great precipitation, commonly in ex-
though almost every person drinks tea in this cess upon small occasions, with little regard to its
country,notwithstanding the great increase in the po- justice; blame being very often inflicted where
pulation (and making every allowance for coffee), the applause is due, and applause lavished where blame
consumption of tea, which pays duty, that is genuine ought to be bestowed. When education is good,
tea, is not greater than it was when the heavy duty no point of morality will be reckoned of more im-
was imposed many years ago. Ministers sometimes portance than the distribution o'f4raise and blame;
declare that a Committee is of great use to them, no act will be considered more.immoral than the
by the countenance it gives them when they wish misapplication of them. They are the great instru-
to baulk the hungry Aristocracy of a meal. But ments we possess for ensuring moral acts on the
last night the the Chancellor of the Exchequer stood part of our fellow-creatures; and, when we squan-
upon his punctilios. "I am anxious (he said) not der away or prostitute those great causes of virtue,
to have the House for a moment to entertain a and thereby deprive them of a great part of their
doubt that the Government had considered it to be useful tendency, we do what in us lies to lessen
its imperative duly to consider this subject, and to the quantity of virtue, and thence of felicity, in the
exercise that office which is peculiarly its own, but world." It has always been a miracle to us how
which the Hon. Gentleman appears to be desirous to the English people, with the examples constantly
impose upon a Committee of the House. I shall present to them of corruption in every shape, are
therefore altogether resist his motion, because I be- not worse than they are.—Morning Chronicle.
iieve that it must prove inconvenient to the public The Chancellor of the Exchequer, last night,
interests to have all those topics to which the Hon.
brought forward his plan respecting the conversion
Gentleman has alluded thrown into a Committee -
' of the Four per Cent. Annuities. The whole of it
and because to call on them to pronounce on a large
mass of taxation, must prove injurious to the best has, in reality, appeared in the communication to
the Stock Exchange. The saving to be effected by
interests of the country. There is no doubt that
Committees of the House in such cases are dis- this measure he calculated would amount to

charging the functions of Government; and we are
glad to find that the Duke of Wellington finds he
has sufficiency of courage to discharge this duty
without backing. We trust, however, that Members
will hold his Grace and colleagues to their promise,
to investigate the various branches of taxation, as we
have a sort of suspicion that part of the grounds for
opposing the motion was the wish to escape the
labour of effecting extensive changes in the revenue
system. Ministers had a majority of 167 to 78.
The sense of the country is loudly expressed for the
reduction of our establishments. The majority of
the Duke is not such as to allow him to forget, if
he would, the demands of the country. There is
no use in disguising the truth, that extensive reduc-
tions must yet be made.—Morning Chronicle.
In the account of the Adjourned Inquest on the
body of the late Standish Stainer O'Grady, Esq., in
the Dublin Morning Register of Tuesday last, the
Rev. William Nicholas Manly gives tile following
evidence :
" I am a Clergyman of the Established Church ; I am
Curate of St. Peter's ; I did not know Standish Stainer
O'Grady till I was called to attend him in my professional
capacity on Thursday evening; he was then lying in his
bed wounded; I had a conversation with Mr. O'Grady
touching his death ; on my speaking to him of the nature
cf the offence of which he had been guilty against God, he
said that from the nature of the insult he had received from
Captain Smyth, he considered that according to the accus-
tomed laws of society he tsuld hardly do otherwise than
what he had done ; he said that he went out in compliance
with such usage, but that he bad no intention whatever in
injuring Captain Smyth; after some other conversation on
the subject of religion, I asked him did he perfectly 'and
freely forgive Captain Smyth for having injured him?"
This is one of many instances afforded every day
of the strength of the love of approbation in man.
There is not the slightest reason for supposing that
by far the greater part of those who obey the laws
of honour, as they are called, do not go to the field
fully impressed with the idea that the act which may
doge their 'mortal life, and which, of courre, may
preclude repentance, is a violation of the principles
of their religion. Yet, as society has chosen to as-
sociate infamy, or at least contempt, with a refusal
to obey these laws of honour, an individual, rather
than expose himself to the contempt of the class to
which lie belongs, sets what he deems the prin-
ciples of religion at defiance, and hazards his eternal
salvation. These instances are exceedingly instruc-
tive. They show of what importance it is that the
opinions of society, which are so powerful in their
influence, should be correct. An individual may
even despise the principle which carries him to the
field, as a relic of a barbarous age; but he will,
nevertheless, from an inability to support contempt
and contumely, yield as ready an obedience to it as
those who bold it in the highest regard. There is
no country in Europe, perhaps in which the opinions
of the people, in matters of morals, have been so much
misdirected as in England. The love of pelf,
which all our institutions generate and foster, has
made sad havoc in the principles of the people of
England. Public opinion in this country is never
directed against wealth, no matter how it has been
acquired. The desire of enjoying the comforts of
life, and providing against accidents and old age,
is always in an old country, where subsistence is
difficult, sufficiently powerful, without stimulating it
by laws and institutsens. The consequence of the
corruption encouraged so etvdiously by the Govern-
ment. of England was seen in the bubble year, as
it was called, when many Members of the Houses
a Lords and Commons, some of them in the en-
joyment of high reputation, lent their names un-
blushingly to schemes whieh they were too wise not
to know were delusive and bottomed in fraud,
merely for the sake of putting money in their
pockets. 'the Abbe de Mably has an =client
badinage on the mischief produced by fostering in a
country a spirit of rapine.--" Redouble (lie says in
his work on Legislation}--redouble your attention,
end never admit of any of those establishments
which give to a citizen the pretext of 31e4irig another
citizen. When society is infected with the spirit of
pillage, which is given by stock-jobbing and aibi-
trary impositions, abandon all hope of ever finding
again in it any remains of justice and probity.
Trickery, fraud, violence, artifice, chicanery—this
will form its character. The citizens will lay traps
for each other, knaves will find dupes every day,
end all will be hopeless, whet) the dupes alone will
be dishonoured. From all these viees will spring a
still more dangerous vice; people wi4l pillage with
one hand to dissipate with the other. This prodigal
avarice, of which the wants are continually recurring
And always *same, will stick at no attempt; it
1
residers the souls amen atrocious Why are ~
Sava enamoured with riches ? Because the laws
have attached honours And consideration tol
wealth; because they allow opulence to exhibit
itself with as pomp which diathesis; which deceives
us, which serWes at first as a veil to our views, and
which ends by muting them to be respected, po you
wish that I should not be desirous of the property!
of another of whom Isms jealous ? Arrange your
laws, so that I may be content with a moderate for-
tune.
happy natural character, who are satisfied with me-
diocrity ; but the number is small. Hardly js t,4cre
at ma an to be found who has the courage to ,be
happy in his own way; people wish to be happy
in the manner of the world, because they wish
their happiness to be reesesked and perhaps
envied. A man will believe is.:spself poor in
London with a thousand guineas, beeanze be has
heard it constantly dinned its his ears, that he pyi-
slot be rich without a hundred thousand." No man
has analysed with so much success the subject to
which we have been alluding, as Mr. Mill, who, jn
the second volureet of his Analysis of the Phenoe
mane of the Human Mind, endeavours to draw
attention to the immense benefit in education which
may be derived. from giving a propee aireetion to the
desire of approbation. " Of these motives," he
says (that is the feelings generated by the associa-
tion of certain acts of oura, es cause, with the vir-
tuous acts of other men as their effects), " that
which involves the acts of praising and blaming is
in constant and strong operation. It is from the
great use made of these acts in the education of
children, and even in the rude management of them
in the nursery, that praise and blame acquire the in-
fluence in most cases, the ascendancy in some, which
hey are seen to exercise over us. It is this sen-
sibility to praise and blame—in other words, the
associations we have with them—which gives its
effect to what is called popular opinion, or the po-
pular sanction; and when the acts of justice,
beneficence, fortitude, and prudence of other men

such was the waste and prodigality with which they
were collected. At the commencement of the French
war, the whole taxation of this country did not ex-
ceed 17,000,000/. Before the war was ended, it
exceeded 70,000,0001. Mr.Vansittart had dispensed
with the experience of former periods; he had but
one rule—" Double the taxes and you are sure to
double the revenue." But that gentleman was less
to blame than the Parliament, which gravely voted
that a pound note and a shilling were worth a gui-
nea; and that there was a real Sinking Fund ! He
said he would not go through the whole of the 207
articles of raw produce upon which the duty might
be lowered with advantage to the revenue, but
would direct attention at once to the three principal
articles—glass, paper, and printed calicoes. He had
been assured, by most intelligent travellers, that,
but for the high duty, our manufacturers would be
able to undersell all foreigners, even in their own
markets. The whole of the taxes which he would
reduce would be about 2,626,0001., but they would
be felt as a relief to the amount of 3,500,0001.
Many ways had been proposed to make up the defi-
ciency; one was to do away with the bounties of
fisheries, another to tax the transfer of landed pro-
perty similar to that on personal property; the plan
be proposed was to take off the taxes to a large
amount on a variety of articles, and to find a substi-
tute in the increased demand that would certainly
arise from this circumstance. In calling upon Minis-
ters to concur in the object of his motion, he quite
disclaimed all hostility to them." The Chancellor
of the Exchequer said that, although a great portion
. .

778,0001. next year. To inquiries how he proposed of the general principles laid down by Mr. Thom.
to deal with those who should refuse to accept son met with his entire concurrence, yet he
either the Three-and-a-half or Five per Cent. Stock, was compelled, by an imperative sense of duty, to
he said he must decline giving any answer, on the oppose the motion, and be did so without any feel-
ground that it would be a premature disclosure; but ing of disrespect to the Hon. Gentleman. He said
adding that, should the essential part ;of the plan that they were bound to remember that they had
be adopted, he was sure the details would give been driven by necessity to oppose taxes, which in ordi-
satisfaction. He has, however, long since ad- nary times would have been uncalled for; that the
mitted that they were to be dealt with as revenue had not only to meet the expenditure of the
might suit the convenience of Government. State, but that it had been mortgaged to the public
The House then resolved itself into a Committee creditor : he should first be convinced of the supe-
of Supply on the Navy Estimates, in which nothing rior advantages of a Committee before he would
particular occurred except the amendment of Sir consent to the appointment of one, to endanger
Robert Heron respecting the pensions to the two public credit. Mr. Baring opposed the motion;
sons of two Cabinet Ministers. To the result of but his arguments were chiefly directed against the
this motion we beg leave to invite the attention of Property Tax. Lord Althorp argued against the
our readers, the numbers being inconsistency of Ministers,who, if they had acceded to
For the Amendment
Against it
Majority against Ministers-18 systematic manner. The same argument was en-
(Morning Herald.) forced by several other gentlemen who spoke in
We are glad to observe that Sir C. Wetherell has favour of the motion ; but, from the lateness of the
given notice of his intention to bring in a Bill, after hour, we can only refer to the speeches of Mr. Peel,
the recess, to limit arid restrain the Attorney-Gene- Lord Palmerston, and to the reply of Mr. Thomson,
rat in exercising the power of filing ex.ofticio infer- who justly complained that his argument had not
mations. We are glad of this, not because we an-
been fairly met. At a quarter before three o'clock
the House divided, when it will be seen the Ministry
ticipate the success of the measure in the present
House of Commons, but because we think that the had again the advantage in votes, the majority being
discussion of this somewhat questionable power may 89 against the motion, though we think they were
have the effect of putting some check upon the worsted in argument.—Morning Herald.
rampant zeal of those official personages who, in Any advice which we might offer to the Chan-
their studied atonement for the past delinquency of cellor of the Exchequer, would, no doubt, be set
liberal principles,are apt to " overstep the modesty" down as both officious and presumptuous; but even
of the prerogative. It may, indeed, be said that at the risk of incurring the charge of ill-breeding,
some writers on text law have laid it down that the and self-opinionativerress, we will make bold to re-
power of filing ex-rfficio informations by the King's commend to him the perusal of a pamphlet entitled,
Attorney-General is as old as the Constitution of " A few Words on the Licensing System, and the
the land itself. Yes; but under what limitations ? proposed unlimited Increase of Public-houses"—
Let us see. " The objects of the King's own a pamphlet indeed in which no arguments are
prosecutions, filed ex-qfficio by his own Attorney- brought forward against the throwing open of the
General, are, properly, such enormous misdeniess- trade in beer, beyond those which have been again
nors, as peculiarly tend to disturb or endanger his and again stated in this Paper, and which must have
Government, or to molest or affront him in the occurred again and again to every reflecting mind
regular discharge of his Royal functions; for —but a pamphlet, nevertheless, which is written
offences so high and dangerous in the punish.. with good intentions, and which, from presenting
meat or prevention of which a moment's delay would what may be termed the " accumulated evidence'
he fatal, the law has given to the Crown the power in favour of the Licensed Victuallers, deserves not
of an immediate prosecution, without waiting for any only the patronage of that body, but the serious
previous application to any other tribunal." Nov, consideration of every one who either wishes well
we ask, were any of the misdemessnors of the to the public morals, or is interested in the preserve-
Press, which were lately visited by a lavish exercise don of his property from deterioration.—On the ef-
of the power of filing ex-officio informations--we fects of the present system the author remarks, that
ask, were any of them of that high and dangerous "To those who purchase beer for the purpose of con-
character that a moment's delay in making an appli- sliming at home, no alteration of the present system
cation to any other tribunal would have proved can make any difference. They have the option of pur-
fatal? Will the Attorney-General himself venture chasing at the public-house, or the retail brewery, or if
table-beer will suffice even in the chandler's shop. But
'to assert it ? 'We think not. We do not believe when it is contended 'that every person, without distinc-
he is prepared to state any thing so wild and mon- tion, should be at liberty to
convert his home iota a tsp_
strous as that he preserved the Crown from some room, for the sale of beer, to be consumed on the premises,
signal calamity, and averted the immediate ruin of with all deference to those who support such a measure,
the Constitution, by putting aside the ordinary tri- and with every wish in favour of free trade, we must pre-
' bunals of the land, and filing his ex-qfficio informa- sume, in this instance, to doubt the propriety of it.
tions ! If he had done this he might well be en- "It will, we believe, be admitted by all, that a public_
titled to substitute for the motto in his family arms house is always an evil, in many cases a perfect nuisance.
the line of Cicero, equally modest and poetic, with
theW ir
Who is there that lives next door to a public-house, and
snch alteration as his classical taste may suggest— does not find his quiet and comfort materially decreased
0 ! fortunatam ! natam me Consule Romam ! by it ? What owner of such a house is there, that does
There is one point connected with the management not find that he must be content with a less rent, than if
of those prosecutions to which we particularly call hish house stood in another part of thhieasane.rsatreeantd?
' the Parliamentary attention of Sir Charles Wetherell ministrationtt is tail
aocflutahient dwiltahwpsarowcill'lffi
attempt to deny that
—it is the extraordinary power which the Attorney- the greater and the poormost unfailing applicants for parish
General exercised, in first applying for a criminal in- relief, are to be found amongst the most constant fre-
formation, in the case of the Lord Chancellor, and quenters of the public-house ? What police officer is there
when, by these means, he had ascertained, upon the that will not inform you, even if you require the informa-
oath of the defendant, the nature of his defence, then tion, that the public-house is the receptacle of thieves and
turning round, abandoning the first proceeding, and every description of abandoned persons ? Where, in the
catching him in the drag-net of an ex-eicio informa- country, will you find the idle, the profligate, the poacher,
tion. We do not say this is Star-chamber practice and the thief? In the public-house."
On supposed monopoly in the
but certainly some people think it would not have the subject of the
done discredit to the astuteness and ingenuity of
sale of beer, he says—
some of the lawyers of that time. It may be per. w the fact is, that in London very few of the
Public houses belong' to brewers. The only controul
feed), legal for what we know, but certainly it ought itliey have over the publicans is, by advancing them money
not to continue so. The Attorney-General may en- on mortgage of their leases. This is done every day, and '
deavour to explain it away if he pleases, but he of course the publican takes his beer from the person ad-
ougb ought not to have the power to do it under any vancing him the money. But he does this no longer than
circumstances whatever. Let it also be recollected, he pleases, and if the beer supplied is not good, he has
that one of the greatest Judges that ever pre- only to go to another brewer, and ask him to pay off the
sided in the King's Bench, we mean the learned former mortgage, and take one himself. And this he can
Sir Matthew Hale, doubted the right of filing do as often as he likes. Meux or Barclay may advance ,
ex-officio informations at till--and his doubts money, but Reid or Coombe, or any other brewers, are
ought to have great weight in discussions relative
sread y and glad o pay off the money, and it t
lend hem-
to any disputed point of constitutional law. When el yes. So t
that ti le controul really exercised by the brewers ,
amounts to just nothing.
Crown lawyers talk of the antiquity of ex-officio ~ In the vicinity of London, it must be admitted, free
informatioiii they., ought to be reminded that houses are more scarce; the greater proportion belonging '
the Master of theurown Office had as ancient and to various brewers, and being occupied by their tenants, '
full an authority for adopting the game sort of pro- who of course must take their beer from them. But we
ceedings, and dispensing with the iea,-we of the submit this is no monopoly. Were all the houses in one •
King's Bend?, and the intervention of a Grand town in one hand it would be so, but as the brewer, al- 1
Jury, as the Attorney-General. Bat into such though hp ,can compel the publican to receive, cannot corn- ,
flagrant abuses did the exercise of this power dege- pel the public to drink his beer, the consumers, of course, 1
nerate—siO harsh and oppressive did it become to
twinedwillfrequaenndt tahsotsbeehsoulseesofwbhere
.the Ts, beer is tob be -614,-8 ,
the subject—that, after the gev.olution, it was foundoeusetoeumrse,neet
hryeLemr ,_ i
bject,; he will take care to ensuire
necessary for the Legislature to ioterpos,e and restrain
pelling, but by persuading the public to drink, by-sup-
it, as the same power exercised by the attorney- plying a gdod and wholesome article. If he does not do
General ought to be restrained, for the limitation
this,
his competitors will; and where there is a choice of
under which it exists at Common Law is, as we houses to go to, those that hp,.ve the fast will be
themost ,
have s‘eeu, 4ttt too easily evaded. It is true, the frequented. In the town where the writer of this dwells, 1
Master of the Orowri 91liee could only exert this containing about 6500 inhabitants, there are between 30 1
dangerous power at the suit of priyate persons, while and forty public-houses, not above three of which are free.
The rest are. divided. among nine brewers ; and if this is 1
the Attorney-General cooly (.14) so
.qt tke spit cf the
-King. But in proportion to the power of the pro-
811.1:11e coOrraert 1 t lbount enough,w beh
otfl there is a
mrentsati lnbott•obveerTi
drank the
on
secirtor is the danger to the subject ; and, therefore, '
the preMi;es,' 'l‘Ton, finless it is to be supposed that !
as the Act ,of the 4th and sth of William and Mary
brewers carry on their tiadeWon'priti6ples different frcfn '
away 7t:rona the Mast!r of the Crown
has taken other tradesmen, and had rather sell a small proportioned i
Office the power of thing iktfork,4,tions without per-
a bad article than a large one of good; that they will ruin i
mission of the Court of Ki neiger,i-pli, s.!? we Mould themselves for the sake of cheating the public, there is an I
have a statute either taken ttwav, in a hie manner, I cod tc the :.-ry of monopoly."
or greatly restraining, the more dangerous pewee of ~ ' cril tu'Obsequen.ces of the proposed change in
the 4i.ttorney-General.—:horning Herald. thg law; w:e 'tin& fhd . fdlrowilig observations in the
. . • , ... •.
Thom- pamphlet t-,•-• .• f ,
In the
.kiptifia of Commons, Mr. Poulett
" Under the present system, hear Lek brewed ' .
ig princte
gyp? in proposing trlielt4estion of which he had given
____%.
eett in the large breweries, the task of the excise is cora-
not)ae, ipJtive to the enortneo; taxation of the .--easy. The officers Lave a right of ingress at
i paratively
country, Apoke g t great length, and in a
,cky,qe
,47(4 4: hew of the day or night ; they are not bound to give
argumentative tiyiv a reg..,2lii,ng, 01"pwlng that It notice of th,i,. y;1 1.;:a •, nay, in some brewhouses, 'they are
was the imperative duty of Pi44INPRr, ,t. 9 ,t fl,k the ...:
ev-tsupp,lie'cl Willi keys
.t) Ot ►t:l;,;;!;7,lyvs in whenever they
zubject into its own hand, and by.gfpgwveig I think proper. - tan irbe' suppor4 'o.,at 5t4134 r., h--;;::
Coil:mil:tee, either to rectify reputed ii..`s"4'e OF iP
M. $4j,,,,,e.0.f Otocti?n, the large brewers It;oard Alire 16 Cic.
„.,„v but th.eleol Nre:h4 s? 13ut under the nenewregn
prove that DO -
such existed. He said that " what-
-.hoe evoy petty PoPtnei: may tarziai;can; and
ever difference of opinion might exist on other sub- iations, .. .- . -.. i •-• t, ,!'. ' •• • 1..
- 1.36. sirepf to qg opene -fn 'ever' t -
jects, people were all agreed that taxation ought to . when we may expe,.l. _
~ - . . , - , .
w will it De ."`"4l4i far th? eXetEg t.)
he reduced, and that it ought to be proved :het the rection around us, lio e,
-ided.
country had the same means of paying the taxes ascheck upon a,lulterat'o ', • • 4
keen the necessary i n . In hug,
cries every thing is conducted upon a regular system, and
before. It was impossible to look at the decline
and fall of various nations without being convinced the brewing days are always well known. But when
that thei •
r fall was
precipitated
by the pressure of every house is to brew its own liquor, the publican can
brew just when he pleases, knowing, perhaps, that the i
taxation. France, revithe R
evolution suf- -
exciseman is engaged in a distant part ; or, if he should ;
feted much much more
froeus tohemode _ ,
sofcollecting chance to come, that the small quantityf of adulterating
the public duties than frmomt the taxes themselves. material necessary for his petty stock beer can be easily
Sully calculated, that to raise a sum'
I fr. •
francs, It cost thepeople of 30,000,000 concealed until Ilia departure. But, says the Chancellor,
1of ) 120,000,000 of francs; ' Let the man who drugs his beer beware of the competi- •
i