The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-12 00:00:00

lIAILWAY6•

Cash. Account.
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Northern ....
New ditto -
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Southern
Western
Eastern ... ,
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Saragossa 686 25 .. 682 50
D''

dtto to Barcelona .

POLAND.
(PROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)
CRACOW, Aug. S.
One of the most effective arms used by the Rus-
sian Government to provoke the Poles into acts
of desperation, and at the same time to deceive
Europe as to the real facts, is the official press.
I have now before me the last numbers of two
official papers of Warsaw and Wilna, the Dziennik
Poteezechny and the Kuryer IFilenski. The former
of these publishes a number of loyal addresses to
the Czar, purporting to proceed from various dis-
tricts of the empire. To say nothing of the unneces-
sary provocation involved in the publication of
such addresses in a Polish paper, they are couched
in such fulsome terms that they bear the marks of
fabrication on the face of them. Thus one, stated
to be signed by " the Landowners, zajsangs, and
clergy of the Calmouck people" declares that they
are " quite happy under the wise rule of the Rus-
sian law," and that " the Polish rebellion lies on
their hearts like a stone ;" but that " all this is but
a trial, which will End in placing Russia higher
than all the nations in the world," and that " they
(the Calmoucks) are ready to sacrifice everything
for the prosperity of Russia and the peace of the
Czar, which is dearer to them than anything on
earth." In another, the inhabitants, of all trades
and professions, of the town of Barnaul, in the Go-
comment of Tomsk, are made to say that "they
live at a distance of 4,000 versts from St. Peters-
burg, at the foot of the frozen Altar Mountains,"
that "their love for the Czar is boundless," and
that "should the hostility of foreigners compel the
Czar to have recourse to arms, they are ready to
make all sacrifice•"
But it is in the Wilna Courier that the provo-
cation assumed an aspect of brutal insult, which
must be bitterly galling to the Poles. The hosti-

lity of the inhabitants of this city to the Russians
is well known, Scarcely one of them but has
suffered, directly or indirectly, by the terrible per-
secutions of the tyrant Mouravieff. Wilna is the
headquarters of the Lithuanian insurrection, all the
women wear mourning, and the whole city has now
for many months presented en aspect of sorrow and
desolation. Apparently this was not to the taste of
Empress's
birthday on the 3d by grandtions, on which occasion the theatre
Mouraveiff, for be gave orders for the celebration
fete
et the
diilu
illuminations,
was to be opened for the first time since the begin-
ning of the insurrection. The following is the official
description of this fete, as given in the Courier :
yesterday, on the 22d July (August 3), it being
the glorious anniversary of the birth of her Majesty
the Empress Maria Atexandrowna, his excellency
General Mouravieff 11. deigned to receive
• •
the congratulations of the clergy, the civil and mili
tart' employe , the nobles, the merchants, and the
representatives of the townsmen. After this Alex-
ander, Bishop of Kowno, officiated at the holy
,
liturgy, and his eminence Joseph, Metropolitan of
Lithuania, said the prayers of thanksgiving, in pre-
sence of the President of the country, all the gene-
rals, military and civil employ6s, all the nobles, the
merchants, and large crowds of people. After prayers
for the long life of ner Imperial Majesty and her
family, a salvo of 101 guns was fired from the cita-
del. When the ecclesiastical parade, at which were
soldiers, those all answered with
hurrah. The adjoining squares
aep
congratulated
ttauntl
dah
tece troops,cordial
dthiael
and streets, which were filled with people, re-
sounded with the shou:s with which they responded
to the hurrahs of the valiant soldiers. . . In
the evening all parts of the town were illuminated,
and crowds passed through the streets, rejoicing at
the unusual sight. The churches were illuminated
with great artistic taste.
"In the theatre the performances commenced with
the national hymn,
' God save the Emperor,' which
the enthusiastic audience encored; when it was
finished the roof of the building long re-echoed with
unanimous hurrahs. All who were present were
in holiday attire. The threatre was full. All the
places were taken. The toilettes of the ladies were
remarkable for their elegance.

After this, is it to be wondered at that the mourn-
ing population of Wilna uses all its energies to
overthrow the Government that insults it with such
cynical falsehoods ?

THE FIRST FRENCH NEWSPAPER was started in
Paris in 1631, during the reign of Louis XIII., by
a physician named Tneophraste Renaudot, Since then the
number of political journals which have appeared in France
would defy calculation. A statistical writer has recently
stated that, on the "sth of July, 1863, there were no less
than 609 newspapers, then being published in Paris alone.
HOUDIN' EN GLISIDIEN.— Elviiness is giving
place to recreation ; cheap trips are being taken
now from day to day by Londoners to Paris, up the Rhine
and down the Alps; to Norway, with its fiords and lakelets;
to SwitAerland, with its glaciers and mountain passes; to
Scotland, with its glens and sheap-Walks; to Ireland, with
its green scenery and lovely sunsets; to Ramsgate sands or
Margate cliffs; to the dinner parties at Richmond, or the
tea and shrimps and Margate I —City Press.
FANCIED ENEMIES ON THE PRESS.—A Satur-
day Reviewer comments very reasonably, as fol-
lows, on the prevalence, or at any rate the frequency of a
certain kind of hatred, arising out of sudden misconception,
Aimaginednovelist
m slights,ay e 0 fanciedm e to
the insults,irresistible
phtueea:aetl.iwrongs.vs:ullircy-h;
and such a journalist, and no other, must certainly be the
man who wrote that horrid article upon his or her pet
novel. Or a politician may be quite sure that such a
writer, and no other, made that offensive remark about him
in a leading article. One of the roost curious parts of a
journalist's experience who happens to be bkhind the
aasinc
ime
dn
e;
asnaei
txsitli:
co
mtho
.abtslestr
such
cie
shnh
aeo
needles:
ddkm.ss:a
to
oily
app
ciade
sr
sshao
gonlis
s,)
first, that particular articles are written by particular sure,
sally, they are at fault.