The Sun.
London, England, 1839-11-09 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, 'k OVEMBER 9, 1839.

hid it. He told me he was pressed, and some one 1
wanted to take his gun, and that rather than they should
do so, he took it away himself. This was when I first
saw him. I have seen Aust at the Chartist meetings.
I have attended the Chartist meetings up to this time.
The prisoner then made the following statement :
lam as innocent as any of you. I was pressed out of
my house. They were going to press a neighbour named
Davis. He came knocking at my door before I was
up. I looked out of the window with my nightcap on,
and asked who it was, as I was not up. He came again
in about half an hour, and told me that three or four
men had been using him roughly in the road because
he would not go with them. He wanted me to fetch
some iron from Newport, and I told him I did not like
to go, as there were so many on the road. We went
out together into the lane leading to Davis's house, and
I beard my young man say there were four or five thou-
sand coming on the road. I went on towards his cot-
tage, as he wanted me to breakfast with him. We
heard tremendous cheering and firing in Newport.
'This was about eight o'clock. I said my wife would
miss me, and I should like to go to the Three Horse
Shoes beer house, to hear what was going on. I asked
Davis to go with me. He said he would rather I would go
to his house to breakfast. We stood talking so long that
I said I would rather go back home, as I knew my break-
fast was ready. I said my cottage was not out of the way
as his was, and my wife and child would be frightened
seeing the people with such weapons. I went home to
breakast. The men came after me, but 1 stood behind
my with, who told them I was gone, but they could see
me behind her, and said " He must come along with
us." Four or five came into the house ; some of
them had hatchets. They wanted to take my gun ;
it was over the fireplace, loaded with small shot and
powder. I said, " they sha'nt have my gun, for I'll
take it myself." I took down the gun, and came out
with it under my arm. I thought I was in danger of
my life if I did not come out. I heard, when I got
outside, that they had pressed every one as they came
along, and a farmer had offered them a sovereign to let
him go, but they would not.
The prisoner then called Mary Simpson, wife of the
last witness, who, having been sworn, deposed was
in my cottage last
,Monday when Aust came in. He
had his gun. There was a large party pressing people
as they came along. He told me had made his escape
from them. He tried to hide himself. It was about
eleven o'clock. He said nothing more than that he
had escaped from the men. He left the gun, and told
me he was going down to Newport.
By Mr. Protheroe :—I said nothing to him about
where he was going to at Newport. I don't recollect
his saying where he had been. I did not hear him say
the Chartists had been defeated at Newport. I was
not present at the conversation between Aust and my
husband. I don't recollect what he said when he came
back from Newport. He left our cottage at five
o'clock. It was not broad daylight. I did not see him
between eight o'clock and half-past eleven on that
morning, nor had I seen hips for three weeks before.
He came then about sonic plants—that was the only
other time he was ever in the cottage. I don't know
that my husband is a Chartist—he never said so to me.
I never knew he attended Chartist meetings. I am
not a Chartist. I never knew there was to be an
outbreak of the Chartists. My husband was in the
garden when Aust came, and I went to tell him to
keep out of the way of the Chartists. lam quite cer-
tain I did not go for my husband to Mr. Cortices
house ; and am quite sure it was not later then five
o'clock when Aust left my house. I do not know a
person of the name of Jones, a watchmaker, of Pont-y-
-pool—l never heard of him. When Aust returned in
the afternoon Mary Brewer was there. She had been
to Newport, and had just come in before Aust. Neither
of them told me any thing that had happened at New-
port, nor did I ask them any thing.
Mr. Blewitt, addressing the prisoner, said—The
court are of opinion that your statement and the depo-
sitions of your witnesses have not altered the state of the
case ; you are therefore committed to Monmouth gaol
on a charge of high treason and sedition, and to take
your trial at the next assizes.
The next prisoner placed at the her was John Part-
ridge, the Chartist printer, in whose house Frost and
Waters, secretary to the Newport Chartist Association,
were found. The prisoner was charged with haying
harboured, after having knowledge of their treason.
Thomas Jones Phillipps.—l am a solicitor, residing-
at Newport. I was not present at the attack, but I
arrived shortly after, that morning, from Tredegar iron-
works, at about half-past ten o'clock. I saw there had
been an attack on the Westgate, by the bullet marks,
&c. I saw also a dead body on the Mayor's step, and
several dead bodies lying in front of the Westgate Inn,
I also came into the Westgate, where I saw several dead
bodies. I went upstairs and saw Mr. Phillips, the Mayor.
I saw that he was wounded. I assisted the Magistrates,
and I was present and took down the evidence of parties
who inculpated John Frost as the leader of the riot.
The propriety of searching Frost's house for papers of
a treasonable and seditious character was suggested, and
a warrant was issued. I volunteered my services to
execute the warrant authorising the search of his pre-
mises. I went to his house, attended by the Superin-
tendent of police and some special constables ; it was be-
tween five and six o'clock in the evening. I did not find
Frost there. I proceeded to search the house, haying told
Mrs. Frost my object in corning. I possessed myself of
all the papers answering, as I thought, the description
of those 1 was authorized to seize. The Magistrates
offered a reward, and bills offering 1001. reward for the
apprehension of John Frost for high treason were issued.
I know the prisoner John Partridge. I have known
him many years ; I know that he has been intimately
connected with Frost for years, and the printer of a
great number of his publications. I know that for
some of these publications printed by Partridge Frost
has been convicted, fined, and imprisoned for libel. On
a late occasion, since Vincent's apprehension, I went to
Partridge's. It was before Trinity term. I attended
the Mayor there for the purpose of demanding from
him, as the printer, the manuscript of a paper which had
been published in the town signed John Frost. It was
a grossly libellous paper on the Mayor. An applica-
tion for a rule for a criminal information was made to
the Queen's Bench, Partridge produced the manu-
script, which I knew to be in John Frost's hand-
writing. He refused to deliver up the paper,
but said he would produce it any time. He
said he was very poor, and was obliged to
print anything which was brought to him in order
to get a livelihood for his wife and children. On Mon-
day evening last, after searching Frost's house, about
7 o'clock, I proceeded to the house of the prisoner. I
attempted to open the door, and found it fastened. I
then knocked at the door, and heard Partridge's voice
inside. I said, " Partridge, open the door." I thought
his voice came from the sitting room. He said lie was
gone to bed. I then said, " Get up and open the door,
or I shall force it." I was attended by Mr. Stephen
Rogers, a grocer of this town. I forced the door ; as

soon as the door was opened I saw a person standing
within two yards of me, inside the house, whom I found
to be Mr. 'John Frost. We apprehended him. The
prisoner Partridge was in the room dressed ; he had no
appearance of having been in bad, and if he had been in
bed at the time be said so, it was impossible for him to
have dressed in the time. I told Partridge I came to
search for some manuscripts. He hesitated a little, and
then took me to an inner room and gave me two files of
manuscript papers, which were brought into the outer
room. Frost said, "If you expect to find any of my
manuscripts here, you will be disappointed." I told
him I had secured them already. I found another
man named Charles Waters there ; we also took him
into custody. Those two men, when they were brought
down to the Westgate, were searched arid seven loaded
pistols found upon them, with powder and bullets, caps,
&c. Waters also had Lucifer matches. Frost and
Waters have been committed for treason. Frost ap-
peared to have been out a long time, and was very wet ;
his shoes were very wet, and he told me that he had
taken off his trousers to dry, and that he then had on
Partridge's. He begged to he permitted to go into his
house to change himself. I told him I could not permit
that, but that I would send for anything. He appeared
harassed and fatigued. I also apprehended Partridge.
I have no doubt but that Frost and Waters were there
for the purpose of concealment from justice, and that
Partridge knew them to be there for that purpose.
Partridge did not say that he did not know that Frost
and Waters were there. Partridge's house is in a lane
near Pentonville, in Newport.
Cross-examined by the prisoner—l believe the pri-
soner's coat was off, as also his stackings.
Frederick Wood—l know the handbill produced
(lOU reward). It was published at the Merlin office
on Monday afternoon, November 4, about four o'clock.
About fifty were printed before five o'clock, and a great
number afterwards. I delivered about twenty to Michael
Daly. It was before five o'clock. He was to post them
up about the town.
Michael Daly—l work at the Merlin office. I know
the bill produced. About a quarter before five o'clock
on Monday, the 4th instant, about twenty of them were
given to me to circulate. I know the street in which
the prisoner lives. I stuck the bills up. I posted one
up about one hundred yards from the prisoner's house.
It was light when I posted them. There is a gas lamp at
the corner ; the gas had not then been lit. It was posted
near the gas lamp, so that it might also be read alter it
was dark. There was a great number of people about
it to read it, and one read it aloud, and then another
said, " There's enough of that sort up." I don't re-
member seeing the prisoner that day. I did not take
one to his house.
The prisoner, in defence, said—l was going by Mr.
Hawkins's, on Monday morning, with a parcel. Mr.
Hawkins was at the door. I took the parcel down to
Mr. Hillman, and I saw him, and he asked me when
he should have the remainder. I told him he
should have them down in a very short tire.
While coming up from there I met William Legg,
and while we were standing the crowd came down
Stow•hill, from the hills. I said to Legg we had better
go out of the way. He said, " Where ?" and I, said I
sheidd t 0 have a glass of lice:e, and then perhaps we
should ut; ow, of the way. He said, "as the public-
houses in Llanarth-street were shut, perhaps we could

have a drop in Friars-fields ;" we went into Isaac Wil-
liams's, and we had
.one pint of beer. We stopped a
considerable time driaing it, because we were afraid to
go out, and when we came out we went along the canal,
and 1 said I would go up to Hill-street borne, without
going through the town. I stopped a considerable time
at home, and then came down Cross-keys-lane, and up
Corn-street, and wert 'nto the Ship and Pilot-boat,
where I stopped until nearly four o'clock in the afternoon.
I then went towards home, and called -in at William
Meyrick's, a beer-oshop, where I called for' a pint of beer.
I was not there very long before Charles Waters came
out of a back-room into the kitchen, where I was. He
asked me how I was. I said, " Very well, how are you ?"
Waters said, " I am very tired, are you going home ?" "
shall go home directly," said Ito him. He said he was
very tired and wanted to lie down. " Well," said I " my
wife is gone up to Abersychan this fortnight, you can
come and lie down in my Louse." We went into my
house, and sat down a few minutes, and I said to him
" As you are tired, Waters, you had better go to bed,"
and in a very few minutes I went into the same bed
with him ; this was about six o'clock. I left my daughter
up down stairs sewing. After I was in bed I went to
sleep, of course. Some time after my daughter came to
me and waked me, and said, " Mr. Frost is down stairs,
father ;" and we both got up and went down stairs, and
Frost said, " I'm very wet and tired, I want something
to eat ; have you got anything in the house ?" I said,
" No, indeed, Mr. Frost, I have no cheese in the house
nor cold meat, only bread." He asked me if I could
get him something to drink and a bit of cheese. I said
I would send my daughter. to see if she could get any.
She got half a pound of cheese and a quart of beer, and
while he was eating the bread and cheese and the beer
Mr. Phillipps came in. That is all I have to say.
The prisoner was then remanded until Thursday.
WESTGATE INN, THURSDAY, ELEVEN O'CLOCK.
Thomas Partridge was again placed at the bar.
Thomas Jones Phillipps further examined—Frost's
house is 400 or 500 yards from the prisoner's. I believe
there is a communication between Frost's garden and
Pentonville, where the prisoner's house is. It was quite
as easy for Frost to have gone to his own house as to the
prisoner's if he had thought proper. (The libellous
paper printed by the prisoner, and written by Frost,
upon which the rule for a criminal information was ob-
tained, was then read.)
Isaac Evans, sworn—l am a clerk to Mr. Withers.
I know the prisoner. Have known him several months.
On the morning of Monday, the 4th instant, between
eight and nine o'clock, I went to the weighing-machine
to meet the Chartists. I saw them coming in a body,
armed with pikes, &c. There were great numbers. I
did not see John Frost there. As soon as I saw them
I returned towards Newport, and on my way I met the
prisoner going on the road to meet the Chartists. I did
not sea anything in his hand. I saw the Chartists
going down the lane, and I went down Commercial-
street, and came oppcsite the Westgate, and saw the
Chartists commence the attack. No attack was made
upon them until after they attacked the house. Partridge
must have seen the Chartists when I did.
Jeremiah James, of Commercial-road—l saw the pri-
soner at Leven o'clock, Monday morning, at the Ship
and Pilot ; he came in cursing and swearing, and said
there would be such work in Newport that day as was
never known. I was much alarmed, and went away.
At that time nothing openly had been done in Newport.
The prisoner said he would call witnesses ; previous to
doing so,!
Amelia Partridge was called by the Magistrates.—
Mv father came home about six o'clock on Monday
evening with Waters. They sat down and had their
supper. They went to bed, not directly ; I can't tell
what time. John Frost came in while they were in
bed. lie came from the door to the window, and
stood there for about a minute ; this was outside. He
then knocked and came in. I asked who was there,
end unlocked the door. He did not say who he was,
but said, " Open the door." It was about half an
hour after father went to bed. Frost told me to call
my father up. I had told him my father was in bed. I
went and told my father that Mr. Frost was below and
wanted him. My father undressed when he went to
bed. He got up and came down, and Waters
after. My father did not say any thing to Frost. I
think he was surprised, and did not expect to see
him. He did not ask him why be did not go to his
own house. Waters and Frost whispered. I didu‘t,
hear what Waters and my father talked about when
they were at supper. Waters was not in the habit of
coming there. lie never slept there before. I have
known my father before to go to bed at six or seven
o'clock, when he was tipsy and when lie was sober.
My father went out in the morning. I was awake be-
fore it was light that morning. It was quite light when
my father was: called. It was more than half an hour
after it was light. Some one came to the door and
called " Partridge." I know Henry Frost ; he is son
of John Frost. I don't know who called my father. I
did not see Henry Frost at our house that day, or the
day before. Henry Frost was in the habit of bringing
papers to my father from Frost, and taking others to
him, but. not for a month past. I went out of the room
when Frost came in. I went for cheese and beer.

lam obliged now to close my despatch. The exa-
mination is being continued.
NEWPORT, THURSDAY, TWELVE O'CLOCK'.
Mr. Thomas Jones Puillipps has just received a let-
ter from the hills. The following is an extract :

" All is quiet at Merthyr and the neighburing works.
The colliers are returning to their work."

The lettc{ is from Mr. Humphrey, Magistrate of that
district,.

MONMOUTH, Nov. 8, 1839.
Yesterday evening, about eight o'clock, John Par-
ridge, the printer of Frost, awl James Aust, were
brought to the county gaol in this town from Newport.
They, as well as the two first prisoners, Frost and
Waters, were fully committed on a charge of high
treason.

There was a good deal of excitement in the town as
they passed through. In fact, although from the com-
plete overthrow which the Chartists received at New-
port it is not very likely that they will make a second
attempt, yet, as the attack on the gaol was their first
object, and as, now the number of prisoners in it is in-
creased, it is considered here by the authorities that it
is much better to be fully prepared against any emer-
gency. The guard of constables and the militia staff
still continue at the gaol. The Magistrates continue to
meet daily, ready to receive any intelligence that may
arrive. The Lancers stationed here also continue to
be fully prepared, so that should any attack be made
we shall not be taken by surprise.
I have just seen in the gaol the two prisoners Par-
tridge and Aust. The former is a man about 50 years
of age, he seems much fatigued and dejected. Aust is
a young active man. The following are the names of
the Magistrates who signed the committal :—Mr. W.
Brewer, Mr. Lewis Edwards, Mr. Reginald J. Blewitt,
Mr. George Hall, and Mr. James Coles, clerk. We
are in hourly expectation of the arrival of more prisoners.
I have just learned that Jones, of Pontypool, a watch-
maker, for whom a reward of 1001. was offered, has been
apprehended by four miners, who will get the reward.
I have obtained some of the names of the persons who
were killed, which I send you—David Morgan, of Tre-
degar ; William Evans, miner, Tredeg,ar ; Abraham
Thomas, Nantyglo ; William Shell, Pont-ypool.
The gaol here is well secured, surrounded by a
strong wall, about twenty feet high ; so that while there
is a strong guard inside to defend it, there is but little
danger of any attack being successful. We are, how-
ever, anxiously expecting the arrival of the military, as
there is at present here only one troop of the i2.th
Lancers, 36 men in all. The town is quiet, but still
much anxiety prevails. Should anything occur I shall
immediately communicate it to yok.
HALF-FAST Two O'CLOCK.

Two other prisoners have just arrived. John Rees,
aged about 50, and Richard Benfeld, about 25. They
are also committed for high treaso*. They were brought
up in two carriages ; there was noescort of military, but
merely two constables, one in cich carriage. I have
heard that all at Newport is tranquil, not a man to be
seen upon the hills. All the prisoners are in the same
ward. Frost's wife and daughter have been permitted
to see him, but in presence of the governor of the gaol.

TRIAL AND CONVICTION OF A
MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL CONVEN-
TION, AND THIRTY-FOUL OTHER CHAR-
TISTS, FOR SEDITION, Sze.

LANCASHIRE COUNTY SESSIONS.
(Before the Rev. J. Bitooxs, Dtputy Chairman to
Lord Skelmersdal-3,)
James Finney, one of the late "re?rese.ntatives of the
people," in the National Convention for the borough of
Wigan, Leigh, &c. aged 42, and Crcorge Bellamy, aged
47, were indicted at these sessions f 4 having, with other
evil-disposed persons, assembled together in a tumul-
tuous manner, and by loud shout; and intimidation,
tbhyen their lla/
vToglent and addressed the
'
terrified the peaceable inhabitants of Leigh, in this
people so
so sseanadtmhebred
, and
and
inflam-
matory language endeavoured to excite the persons so
assembled to cease from labour, and to hold a national
holiday, and exciting them to acts tf violence against
residentthe property
the
Leighand persons Union.
were 23 other Chartists to lit tried for offences
connected with the assemblage of tie
peoisio of her
her Majest
Y's liegepl subjectse
and the
stopping of the factories, but the case of Finney and
Bellamy was tried separately.
The
in ou
consequence o
pikes, swords,
and daggers produced, which had been taken from the
court-house exhfibtihteed quite
number
e urarlike appear-
ance,of
insurgents. Most of the former were three-quarters of
a yard in length, and mounted upon Piles six feet long.
Mr. Cross, a barrister of Bolton, stated the case for
the prosecution, from which it appearel that for weeks
after the Ist of August last fie whole of the manufac-
turing districts about Leigh, Atherton, Bedford, Pen-
nington, Wigan, &c., was in a complete state of rebel-
lion, from the thousands of anned persons assembling to
stop theifactories and enforce the keeping of ";a national
holiday" until the People's Charter became a law.
There were ;tlr-cral revollit:,. 4'1‘=0.:.;. held, at which
Bellamy had acted as chairmai, anti Finney as a speaker.
He produced the following paper, which was issued

on the Ist of August, exhorting the people to cease
hem labour :

" Working men !—You have been instrumental in
electing the General Convention to watch over your
rights and interests ; it now becomes your bounden duty
to render every assistance in your power for carrying
out this great and glorious object, viz., the People's
Charter.

" Working men, after petitioning and remonstrating
the present miscalled House of Commons, and to no
effect, all future hopes being therefore destroyed, the
Convention has provisionally fixed the 12th day of
August for a genera! cessation from labour ; you are
therefore requested, nay, your duty demands your pre-
sence in the market-place, therefore, to declare your
willingness to carry out
.the national holiday, before
God, and in the presence of many of your enemies,
who will no doubt be intermixed amongst you.
Industrious bees, i►t behoves you, one and all, to
leave your hives and swarm into town around the
standard of liberty, and if you are not to have an equal
share of that which you produce, at once tell the drones
that you will cease producing, and are determined never
to produce more, until such time as your legal and con-
stitutional rights are conceded, or that the People's
Charter becomes the law of the hind.
" By order of the Committee,
" RICHARD BROOKES, Secretary."
Thomas Darwell, the constable of Pennington, Mr.
James Hayes, a cotton-manufacturer, and several other
witnesses were then called, and proved that on the
Ist of August a large number of persons, to the
number of between 2,000 and 3,000 assembled in the
market-place of Leigh, armed with pikes, sticks, and
bludgeons, some carrying crowbars on their shoulders.
There was a cart in the centre, which was used as hust-
ings, on which were Bellamy and Finney, both of whom
addressed the mob, the former acting as chairman.
Finney was heard to say that he had been charged with
running away from the National Convention at Birming-
ham in order to save his neck from the gallows, which
he denied to be the fact, and alleged that he had left
the Convention because he could get no money to sup-
port himself with. Resolutions were moved and se-
conded by the prisoners. It was further proved that
other large bodies of workmen, who were assembled by
She sound of horns, had congregated together on the
2th aad 13th, and other days named in the indictment,
the prisoners taking part in the proceedings. They
commenced meeting by four o'clock in the morning,
and continued to conduct themselves in a tumultuous
manner during the whole of the day, travelling from
one township to the other, succeeding by threats of
violence in compelling the operatives to turn out of the
different cotton mills. They subsequently attacked the
police, and expressed their determination to cease work
until they had won their cause. The inhabitants of the
district were in terror for their lives and property, all
the shops were closed, business was at a stand-still, and
it was only through the prompt measures of the Magis-
trates, who read the Riot Act and called in the mili-
tary, that eventually the mob were dispersed and in-
duced to resume labour.

These facts being proved, and " the Member of the
People's Parliament," and Bellamy, having been clearly
identified as principals, the case against them was closed.
Bellamy, a little sturdy fellow, with one eye, dressed
as a collier, whom the calendar described as being
scarcely competent to write, in his defence denied that
he was in any way connected with the riots, and said
they might as well charge him with instigating the whole
of the agitation which had pervaded England as to con-
nect him with these disturbances. The evidence against
him was of the weakest kind, nothing having been
proved to show that he was appointed chairman.
He had ever maintained for himself the character
of a loyal and honest subject, and to endeavour
to consign him to a dungeon as a rebel
was a maevolent and wicked act. He denied
having ever received a farthing from society but
what he had worked laboriously for, and had never the
most remote idea of living on the plunder of others, or
of leading innocent men into error. He had assem-
bled with his fellow men to make known their griev-
ances, and if that was a crime Lord John Russell, and
not himself and colleagues, was to blame, as the then
Home Secretary at a dinner in Liverpool had stated
that the people had a right to meet in an open constitu-
tional manner to discuss and endeavour to remedy thr.;tr
miseries. If he had given offence to the law of his
country, he had done so in ignorance, having kept
within the constitutional limits of the law, as appointed
by Lord John Russell. Under these circumstances he
confidently hoped for an acquittal.
Finney, the Delegate to the Convention, took the
same line of defence as Bellamy, both declining to call
witnesses, but stated that the constables who had given
evidence against them could, if they thought proper,
give them a character as honest bard-working men.
The Chairman said they might call the constables
if they thought proper.

The prisoners said, that if the constables did not
choose to do so of their orrn free will, they would not
detain the Court.

The Chairman, in summing up the evidence, said

that to prove a conspiracy against the prisoners, it was
not necessary to show that they were present at the
riotous assemblages ; it was sufficient if they were the
means of instigating the people to assemble for an un-
lawful purpose to make out a case of conspiracy. The
evidence given clearly proved the meetings to be illegal.
The paper produced in court, and the evidence given,
evinced that an illegal body calling itself " the National
Convention," had fixed, a day. for a national holiday.
An attempt to enforce a notional holiday was an offence
against the laws, and it was for the Jury to say whether
the prisoners were a party. to Batch proceedings.
The Jury, without hcsitatton, found the prisoners
guilty.
The Chairman then said, that as there were other
cases of a similar description to try, in which parties
would be involved in different degrees of guilt, he should
defer passing sentence till they were all disposed of.
George Smith, aged 26 ; William Wilcox, 37 ;
Richard Harrison, 30 ; Thomas Massey, 23 ; Thomas
Smith, 41 ; John Collier, 33 ; John Blackburn, 21 ;
James Boardman, 23 ; John Dutton, 26 ; William
Nixon, 45 ; Matthew Starkie, 22 ; John Chalson, 45 ;
Alexander Cross, 23 ; John Hurst, 25 ; William Kay,
21 ; Thomas Dean, 19 ; George Smith, 33 ; John
Baxendale, 24 ; Joseph Webster, 35 ; James Battersby,

24 ; Richard Eckersly, 22 ; John Shuttleworth, 55 ;
Luke Wherrall, 28 ; William Moss, 36 ; Jeremiah
Rigby, 27 ; and Peter Heaton, 49, were subsequently
indicted for having, at Pennington, West Leigh, Bed-
ford, Tyldesley, Atherton, and other places, with various
other persons, paraded the said townships in a tumul-
tuous and riotous manner, and by threats and intimida-

Lion compelled ethers to join them in compelling the
nr,illowners and manufacturers to stop their mills and
turn out their hands, and threatening acts of violence
if they refused.
Mr. Wilkins defended Baxendale, Battersby, Ee-
kersly, and Webster ; the other prisoners were unde-
fended.

Mr. Cross stated the case for the prosecution, and
having called witnesses to prove the case,
Mr. Wilkins spoke for the defence, and denied that
sufficient proof had been adduced to show that the
prisoners had been in the assemblage of people with any
improper intent.
The Chairman then summed up the evidence against

the prisoners, stating, that although the Learned
Counsel's eloquence was of a high character, the jury
must confine their attention to the facts disclosed in

evidence.

The Jury found all the prisoners Guilty.'
Ten other deluded individuals, belonging to the
Chartist party, were subsequently tried, and found
Guilty.

The Chairman said, that he should defer passing
sentence until he had consulted his brother Magistrates.
The sentences were expected to be passed that even-
ing, hut, as it was growing late, they were deferred to
some other day.

LAUGHTER.—An anonymous writer (1769)
classifies the different laughs as follows :-1. The
wide-mouthed or indecent laugh. 2. The gracious laugh,
or the smile. 3. The laugh of dignity orprotection. 4. The
silly or simple laugh, which must be distinguished from
the na• urally ingenuous. 5. The self-approving laugh,
or that of sheer vanity. 6. The laugh of eor-
tesy, civilised compact, or fashionable usage. 7. The
laugh of affectation, or disdain. 8. The laugh of sin-
cerity, openness, invitation, and serenity, that in a
pleasing manner diffuses itself over the whole coun-
tenance. 9. The laugh of hypocrisy or dissimulation,
or (according to the vulgar phrase) in one's sleeve,
which must be distinguished from-10. The laugh
of determined or absolute malice. 11. The laugh
constrained, is that observable when we make an
effort to repress an unreasonable impulse. 12. The
laugh extorted, or machine!, is brought on by excessive
tickling, or by wounds of the diaphram, or by certain
noxious beverages. 13. The laugh caused by the sore-
ness of the mind, despite, resentfulness, desire of re-
venge, mixed with a certain pleasure that is in
near alliance with pride. And lastly, 14. The
laugh inextinguishable, as homer calls it in Greek,
but that in our vulgar phrase, may be ex-
pressed by the outrageous or horse-laugh, whose
explosive bursts we cannot stop. In 1662, an
Italian astrologer published a treatise, of about six
sheets, wherein he distinguished the different tempera-
ments of mankind by their different modes of laughing.
Thus the hi hi hi notifies melancholy people ; the he he
he phlegmatic persons ; the ho ho ho those of a san-
guine disposition.—Gentleman's Magazine.
DUNDEE TRADE.—We can as yet state no
improvement in our commercial relations. There is no
appearance of a fall in the prices of the raw material
in the foreign markets, while the prices of yarns and
linens remain stationary here. The manufacturing of
cotton-bagging, at one time a staple article of our trade,
is at a complete stand, with little hope of any revival,
as it can be purchased cheaper and of better quality in
Russia, where the raw material is grown, and labour
can he had at a lower rate. It is also alleged that our
manufacturers have done themselves an irreparable in-
jury
Jute jury by using and other rubbish in the making of
1 this artiele.—Dundee Courier.