The Sun.
London, England, 1863-12-30 00:00:00

THE SUN, LOMION, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DteEMBER 30, MI

by the way, being afflicted with paralysis) have been
exiled to a town in Perm, on the confines of Siberia,
and that Madame Sierakowska is under orders to
follow• them as soon as she has sufficiently re-
covered from her recent confinement. The most
shocking thing in this wantonly cruel affair is that
the wife was detained at Wilna for four months
after her husband's execution, and was not sent
forward on her sad journey until she was expected
from day to day to be brought to bed. She was, in
fact, taken in labour between St. Petersburg and
Moscow, and had to be carried out of the train at
the station near Novgorod, where she still remains.
Nevertheless, the designer of this unhappy lady's
sufferingsis the only really popular man who has
appeared in Russia since 1812 ; and the only person
who, in a half-public manner, has condemned his
general conduct is made by a popular Russian writer
an object of scorn. There are a few other men of
distinction, however, in Russia who must to some
extent share Prince Souvaroff's opinions as to the
unangelic nature of Mouravieff. Thus, neither
M. Golovnin, the Minister of Public Instruc-
tion, nor M. Walonieff, the Minister of the
Interior; nor M. Reutern, the Minister of Finance ;
nor M. Tatarinoff, the Controller-General, would
sign the address in which the image of St. Michael
was offered to the archangel of Wilna. I see, too,
from a recent number of the St. Petersburg News,
that the dinner of the Moscow University, from
which complimentary telegrams were sent to Generals
Mouravieff and Berg, was not attended by the prin-
cipal professors, and that among those who distin-
guished themselves by keeping away were Messrs.
Salavieff, Professor of History; Babst, Professor of
Political Economy; Kapoustin, Professor of Inter-
national Law; Escherfsky, Tchitcherin, and Dmi-
trieff. All these professors are known by their
published literary works, as well as by their lec-
tures, and most of them are contributors either to
the review called the Russian Messenger, or to the
Moscow Hews ; which latter journal, however, has
hitherto been among the most fervent worshippers
of the Lithuanian archangel.

now what was the state of affairs at the present ? 'Why, the
leading journals of England—the leading journals of Lon-
don—were reduced to half that price, and there was scarcely
a town of muth population in England where there was
not a paper published now at the price of one penny. Some
of the most ably conducted and some of the most influential
papers both in Londrn and the provinces were papers which
were not only conclinted with great ability, but with great
profit, at the price of one penny—a price which brought
them within the reach of almost every person in the com-
munity. It was impossible to overrate the influence which
the newspapers press must exercise on the national charac-
ter. Lord Hartington had told them how, under the de-
mocratic institutions of America, the press in that country
had sunk. He had compared it with the higher character
of the English press, and he (Sir John Pakington) knew
of few things which the friends of the people ought to desire
with more assiduity and more anxiety than that the high
character of the British press should be diligently and care•
fully maintained. The conductors of the press of this coun-
try, under the change of circumstances he had mentioned,
were acting under the greatest possible responsibility. The
extent to which the press of this country might assist or
impede any attempts made to promote sound education could
not be exaggerated, nor the extent to which it might influ-
ence the national cbaracter andiit behoved institutes such
as that the members of which he was addressing to take
care that those newspapers which were allowed to lie on
their tables, and which were the daily study of the people
as Lord Hartington said, with truth, should belong to that
portion of the public press which took care to maintain
the high character which the press of this country had
long maintained, and he hoped it would continue to sup-
port. (Applause.) He trusted that every well•conducted
institute in England would bear in mind the importance of
this subject. He wished for a moment to turn to that pas-
sage in Lord Hartington's speech in which his lordship
said :—" But it is when the children leave school that the
bad influences get hold of the national character." He (Sir
J. Pakington) thought that the system which existed in this
country might be contrasted favourably with the system
which existed in America. (Hear, hear.) That institution
was one of those designed for the benefit of the working
classes after they had left school. (Hear.) The demands
of labour in this country were such that it was impossible
that we could reasonably indulge the expectation that the
youth of the working classes of this country would be de-
tained at school beyond an early age—say 10, 11, or 12 years
of age. This was known to be practically the case ; it was
seen every day. But it was known that in other countries
of Europe where education was greatly studied, but where
different government prevailed, the education of the working
classes was made compulsory ; but here it was not consistent
with our ideas of personal freedom that compulsion should
enter into these 'hatters. The English parent was perfectly
free to neglect the education of his child if he was so in-
clined; but even when the parent was anxious to educate
his child—when children were educated as well as our means
of education permitted, still the demands of labour were
such that at a very early age children must leave the tuition
of the school. Here it was that the value of such institu-
tions as that was felt. Here it was that they stepped in
to impart to the youth of the country that moral and in-
tellectual cultivation which the children did not stay long
enough at school to acquire. For the moral cultivation of
the working classes the institutions in question have re-
creations and :ibraries. He was very glad to hear from the
report just read that the number of volumes was increased
by no less than 130 during the present year. They had
their recreations and their games, and the institute was con-
ducted under perfectly harmless circumstances for the moral
cultivation of the members ; and for their intellectual culti-
vation they had their lectures and classes. He had not fol-
lowed very closely what his rev. friend had read from the
report with regard to the lectures, but he had been informed
elsewhere that they were not so well supported as formerly,
and that difficulty was felt in maintaining them. It might
perhaps be interesting to them to hear that they did not
stand alone in this respect. Allusion was made in the report
just read to the Union of Educational Institutes now in
existence in this country, and of which that institute was a
member. He had in his hand a report of a similar union
which existed in the south of England—" The Seuthern
Counties Adult Education Society" it was called, and he
found they had experienced exactly the same difficulty that
was complained of here. But they said—" Although the de-
mand for lectures is by no means so general or so great as it
was some five or six years ago, yet among the larger insti-
tutions there has been a growing desire for lectures of a
scientific and literary character; and if arrangements can be
made for having a course of lectures delivered on instructive
subjects, not only would the value of this popular mode of
teaching be greatly increased, but the best institutions
would become more eager to receive the services of our lec-
turers. It is found generally that where amusement has
been the chief object, reccurse has been had almost exclu-
sively to professional lecturers; but in those instances in
which there was a desire for intellectual cultivation there
has been a constant and increasing desire for the more in-
structive lectures on our list." He (Sir J. Pakington) was
not sufficiently conversant with the arrangements of that
institute to know how far they would follow him in the dis-
tinction there drawn between amusing and instructive lec-
tures. If they had failed to keep up this supply of amusing
lectures he did not think they had suffered any very serious
loss, No doubt they were very agreeable, and sometimes,
perhaps, very instructive; but still they se ere nothing more
than one of the various means of recreation which formed a
part of the arrangements of institutions of that character.
But the instructive lectures were of a different and more im-
spoonr tsawn
lci
nh
ga rtaoc tgeirv,
eainnd if h
s trutct
ievr
ee had been
lectures
either any
up failureoß scoi f p e
nt
iefir- 0
nr other subiects. he honed they would be able to correct
this deficiency, and to maintain a course of instruction
which he believed to be most important to the objects they
had in view. (Hear.) But he confessed that in his view of
these matters the question of lectures, of whichever deno-
mination, was inferior in interest to the question of classes.
(Hear, hear.) He was very sorry to learn that the classes
were not so well attended as they might be. Mr. Isaac, in
his report, had explained to them what the classes were. It
was by means of these classes that the loss by leaving school
too soon was to be compensated; it was by these classes
that during those valuable years of early manhood ,the cul-
tivation of the intellect was to be continued ; and he did
most earnestly hope, for the sake of the great objects which
that and all similar institutions had in view, that the
friends of those institutions, wherever situated, would do all
they could to attract the attendance of the younger members
to the classes, which were so valuable for the completion of
the education of those who found it impossible to complete
their education at school, (Hear.) On this acccunt these
societies might be made, and he was happy to say were
made, most efficient and most important for the welfare of
the population throughout the country, especially in large
towns—but nowhere were they more important than where
the population were engaged, as they were for the most part
in Kidderminster—in manufactures. The manufacture of
Kidderminster, like that of other towns, was fluctuating in
its character. Sometimes tho people were in a state of pro-
sperity—sometimes they were in a state of what he might
call adversity. It was when these changes occurred that
the influence of educational institutions upon the character
of the people became more 'narked and more important.
He was happy to advert, as every one who had spoken
upon this subject lately had adverted, to the gratifying
proof of the improvement of the national character which
' the distress in Lancashire had called forth. (Hear.) In
forcer times the peopleresorted in days of prosperity to the
publichouse, and in days of adversity to the Poor Laws. He
was thankful to say that those times were passing away.
He could not speak of them as gone, but he believed they
were rapidly passing away ; and the greater encouragement
was given to the efforts of those who wished to uphold in-
stitutions like that, the more likely would the people
be able to bear with propriety the changes from prosperity
to adversity, or from adversity to prosperity. The savings
banks of the country offered to the people a means of pre-
paring for those changes which were inseparable from
manufacturing, and, indeed, all other pursuits, He should
not detain the meeting longer but to express his earnest
hope that the prosperity which had hitherto attended that
institution might long continue. (Hear, hear.) Under the
guidance of their excellent president and the management
of that committee, which seemed to attend so carefully and
well to the affairs of the society, he trusted that a long
career of useful action was before them. He concluded by
expressing an earnest hope that both individually and as
members of the community the coming year would be to
them one of happiness, prosperity, and continued useful
exertion. (Applause.)

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The Racing Season of 1863. Nu. IL

(From the Saturday Review.)

The Royal meeting on Ascot Heath was followed, a week
later, by the plebeian festival of Hampton, where the races
are considered by many visitors to be the least important
part of the proceedings. The meeting was, however,
marked by one of the best of the many performances of
Caller ou, who during the past season ran 27 times and
scored 17 victories. At Hampton, Caller Ou's principal
opponent was Millionaire, an undeniably good horse one
year older than herself. The weights were, for the mare
9st 131bs, and for the horse lOst. The distance was two
miles. The race was won by Caller Ou, in a common
canter, by 15 lengths. It will not be disputed that this
mare, now five years old, has proved herself to be a bit of
thoroughly good stuff. She is by Stockwell, a winner,
and the sire of winners. Whether she will come out
again next year is doubtful; but if she does not, it must
not be inferred that she is " used up," but that she is
employed advantageously in private. She has proved
herself to be one of the best mares in England, and perhaps
it would not be going too far to say that she is one of the
best in the world. At any rate, the English breeder knows
not where to find a better mare, and he can do no more
than put her to one of the best of English stalib ns, whose
merit has been tested by a similar course of severe work.
It has been lately imputed to the present system of Eng-
lish racing that it offers a premium to the production of in-
ferior stock. The truth would rather seem to be that the
production of superior stock is encouraged with considerable
effect. It may be admitted that, if the breeder's success is
lower than his aim, the system still affords hint hope that
his speculation will not fail utterly; but surely that is a
merit of the system rather than a defect. Such mares as
Caller Ou, and such horses as Asteroid, another scion of
Stockwell, are what the English breeder aims at producing,
and it is for objectors to the existing system to show, if
they can, what improvement upon these types is practi-
cable. It may be added to the remarks offered last week
upon this subject, that when every other sort of English
stock is allowed to have improved enormously in the last
hundred years, it is difficult to believe that the breed of
horses can have deteriorated.

The Newmarket July Meeting derives importance princi-
cipally from its two-year-old races. The July stakes were
regarded as almost a certainty for Scottish Chief, whose
performance at Ascot had justified the expectations
formed of him from private trials. But Scottish Chief was
beaten, after a magnificent race, by Cambuscan and Mid-
night Mass. The name of Cambuscan has become familiar
to the public in connexion with Lord Stamford's recent
sale. The horse was put up, along with the rest of his
owner's stud, to be sold ," without reserve," after the last
and heaviest of many disappointments which Lord Stamford
had sustained upon the Turf. Ater Cambuscan had been
knocked down for the immense price of 5,100 guineas, it
became known that he had been bought by a friend of the
owner upon his account. Hereupon Lord St. Vincent
and Captain White, as bona fide bidders, both claimed
the horse, and it is understood that it will be given up
to Captain White, to whom Lord St. Vincent seems to
have given way. In the Chesterfield Stakes, run for
at this same July Meeting at Newmarket, Scottish Chief
was again made favourite, and the confidence of his backers
was this time rewarded. But at Goodwood, at the end of
the same month, Scottish Chief was beaten easily for the
Molecombe Stakes by Fine de l'Air. Thus, including his
appearance at Ascot, Scottish Chief has been out four
times, has won twice, and has been beaten twice; and upon
these, as might be thought, moderate credentials, he has
been promoted by the public to the head of the list of Derby
favourites. Good judges seem to concur that he is a better
horse than his performances indicate, and he is in Mr. Merry's
stable, which fact increases his popularity. Fill° do l'Air can
not compete with him in the Derby, but he will have to meet
Mr. Ten Broeck's Paris, who, having won at Goodwood both
the Findon Stakes and the Nursery Handicap, might rea-
sonably be regarded, after that meeting, as the most pro-
mising of the Derby horses. It is curious to observe how,
after the Derby of one year is disposed of, attention becomes
fixed almost involuntarily upan probable performers in the
next. But the two-year-old races at Goodwood, however
interesting, ought not to be allowed precedence over that
great contest for the cup between Isoline and La Toucqueo,
in which the British and French fillies galloped away from
the favourite Buckstone, as well as from other horses older
then themselves, just as Tim Whiffler did the year before
from The Wizard and everything opposed to him. It was
gratifying to find that the famous French filly was so very
good, and still more that England could produce a filly bet-
ter by just a neck over a course two miles and a half long,
The race for the Goodwood Stakes, like many other handi-
caps, proved rather that the winner had been well-managed
than that he was absolutely good. It is certain that Black-
down had performed well in public, and that the improve-
ment in his form was known only to a select few. Starting
under a moderate weight, and at a long price, Blackdown
achieved a victory which could scarcel) excite much enthu-
siasm except among those enlightened persons who had
backed the horse. Far wider was the interest excited by the
race for the Queen's Plate, in which the filly Isoline, who
had struggled so gallantly with La Toucques for the Cup,
ran another most severe race at weight for ago over three
and a half miles of ground, with the six-yr-old Millionaire,
whom we have already met at Hampton, and beat him by a
neck. These two performances of Isoline might be safely
recommended to the notice of the most severe censor of the
modern turf, but it would not perhaps be equally prudent
to challenge attention to the running for the Goodwood
Stakes. It ought to be added that at this meeting
Macaroni sho wed his qualty by giving 101bs, to
two moderately good horses of his year anl beating them
easily. The Lavant Stakes for two-yr-olls fell to His-
torian, who owes to that victory the place which he now
holds in the Derby betting. _ .

There was, as usual, good sport at the York August
Meeting, but the weather was unfavourable. The meeting
has a special interest for the sake of the light which it
usually throws on the chances of the approaching St.
Leger. The running of Lord Clifden in the Derby entitled
him, in the absence of Macaroni, to the position of first
favourite for the great autumn race. But the
meeting at Epsom was followed by that of Paris,
where The Ranger won the Grand Prix, and Lord
Clifden, as was not surprising after his Epsom
work, got badly beaten. Hereupon The Ranger came to
the head of the St. Leger betting, while all sorts of prices
were laid by rash speculators against Lord Clifden. It was
known that The Ranger would run at York, and the oppor-
tunity of testing the winner of the Grand Prix was not
likely to be lost by the Yorkshire stables. The result of
The Ranger's two victories at York was to convince the
natives that he had no chance against the Whitewall mare,
Queen Bertha, and lee than none against Lord Clifden;
and this opinion was not shaken by the confident bearing
of some of The Ranger's early backers, who still kept him
in the St. Leger betting at 6Lo 1. Neither the perform-
ances nor the appearance of ,17,ti0 Ranger pleased the
Yorkshire critics; but it was admitt.,.'d that the Derby
winner, Macaroni, who came lo Yeti- to run for
the Cup, was as nearly as possible tilt.' perfec-
tion of three-year-old form. Speaking generah,-;. the
weighth for these Cup races are in favour of the youngu'r
horses. Just as Isoline and La Toucques galloped away
from Buckatone at Goodwood, so did Macaroni at York
beat Carbineer, a horse of established reputation, without
difficulty, coming away from him when he pleased, and
finishing quite within himself tour lengths in front of every
thing. The two-year-old races at York will be frequently
referred to during the winter in connection with speculations
on the Derby. For the Convivial Stakes,Claremont was first
Appenine second, and Coast Guard fourth. For the
Biennial Stakes, Appenine was second and Prince Arthur
third, having Linda before them both. The Gimcrack
Stakes fell to Coast Guard. The principal betting race at
York is the Great Ebor Handicap, which was won by
Golden Pledge, a horse who was backed for the Derby, and
after his victory at York took a high place in the St. Leger
betting.
The meetings which intervene between York and Don-
caster are principally interesting for the fluctuations which
occur at them in the Positions of the St. Leger favourites.
That remarkable incident, the " knocking-ont" of Lord
Clifden at Warwick, will be often referred to as an example
of fallibility in the moat industrious and experienced touts.
It was reported, by the numerous watchers of Lord Clifden's
stable and training-ground, that the horse was amiss, and
stopped iu his work, whereas the real fact was that his
trainer had contrived to find a place and time for exer-
cising him without observation. Reports thus originated,
acting upon minds willing to be deceived, created an ad-
verse opinion of the horse which would not be dispelled
even by his appearance, looking as well and galloping as
strong as possible, upon the course at Doncaster. People
who will not believe their own senses are more numerous
than might be supposed on race-courses ; but the condition
of Lord Clifden revealed itself in a moment to the practised
eye of the veteran John Scott, who had come upon the
course to superintend the exercise of his own St. Leger
favourite, Queen Bertha. The Whitewall party considered
that their mare held everything in the race except Lord Clifd en
safe, but beyond this point their confidence could not rea-
sonably rise. The result, as everybody remembers, proved
Lord Clifden to be even a bettor horse than either friends or
enemies had supposed. It was a moment of excitement such
as comes but seldom in a long career upon the Turf, when
all the other horses which started for the St. Leger had dis-
appeared over the hill, when Lord Clifden ascended it alone,
and rather slackened his pace as he proceeded. If people
refused to believe their eyes when, after this, they saw Lord
Clifden coming through everything past the Red House,
there was some cause for incredulity. Being allowed to
begin quietly and get by degrees into his full length of
stride, Lord Clifden went at such a pace towards the finish
that nothing except Queen Bertha could live with him
at all. It was hoped that Lord Clifden might come out
again for the Doncaster Cup ; but, as Macaroni was fresh,
the match between them would have been scarcely equal.
Queen Bertha, however, ran for the Cup as gamely as she
ran for the St. Leger, but she could not keep it from Ma.
caroni. The two principal two-year old races at Doncaster
were, as they always are, highly important with reni
refo.e
to the Derby. The Champagne Stakes were thought:::s to
between Fine de l'Air and Linda, which nearly a
saying that two fillies not entered for the Derby ed
raw
fillies rac
sidered better than anything in it.el
against one one another as if they had nothilluegrutersO
at the lasto fear, but
t
,
Ely, waiting a little behin,-;, came 'with