The Sun.
London, England, 1830-06-01 00:00:00

DEPARTURES.

The Duke of Rutland, for Northamptonshire ; the Marquis of
Camden, for his seat, the Wilderness, Kent ; Lord Melbourne
and Sir Fred. Lamb, Bart., for Brighton ; Colonel and Mrs.
Robins, from Ellis's Hotel, St. James's-street, for their seat in
Dorsetshire ; Mr. and Mrs. de Rhame and family, from the
London Hotel, Albemarle-street, for America • the Hon. Wm.
Ponsonby, for Dorsetshire ; the Misses Smith, from Gould's
Hotel, Jermyn-street, fur Surrey ; Mr. and Mrs. Childers, from
the St. James's Hotel, Jermyn.street, for their seat in Dorset-
shire; Captain Smith and Mrs. de Crespigny, from the British
Hotel, Jermyn-street, on a tour; Mr. and Mrs. Wetherby, from
ditto, to Newmarket ; Lord Althorp, for Northamptonshire ;
Wm. Gott, Esq. from Cavendish-square, for Leeds ; Alexander
Trotter, Esq., for Portsmouth; Mr. and Mrs. Insinger and friends,
from Symmons's Hotel, St. James's-street, for Rotterdam ;
Captain and Mrs. Reynell, from Brook-street, for Cheltenham.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

TATTERSALL'S.

This place was crowded yesterday, but, as settling for
the Derby and Oaks does not take place till this day, very
little money changed bands. Little or nothing was done
on the St. Leger, the whole attention of the subscribers
being taken up by last week's business. Priam continues
rising, and is now at 5 to 2 (taken), and Brunswicker
has still a few friends at 20 to 1. As the market is not
exactly in a settled state at present, we do not think it
prudent to give any quotation of odds. This day's pro-
ceedings will be highly interesting—one person is already
talked of as dubious, but any further notice would be pre-
mature. We shall give the particulars of the settling in
our next.

The following official notice has been issued from
the War Office—" The Secretary at War acknowledges the
receipt of a memorandum from E. 8., dated April 24,
1830, of which the following is a capy:—E. B. requests
the Secretary at War will credit the public with the en-
closed bill for 501."—The said sum has accordingly been
paid into the Bank of England, to the account of the Pay-
master-General of his Majesty's Forces, for the service of
the public.

Papers and letters from Bombay to the 20th
of March were received yesterday, by the Hugh Lindsay
steam-vessel, by the way of the Red Sea and Alexandria.
They bring intelligence of the total suspension at Canton
of the trade between the Rtst India Company and tie
Chinese, by the Select Committee of Supercargoes, who
have issued the following document on the occasion : it
appears in a Bombay Gazette Extraordinary of the 16th
of March :

" Notice is hereby given, that we, President and Select
Committee of Supercargoes, being duly authorised by acts
of legislature to superintend all the affairs of the English
nation in China, do hereby interdict intercourse between
merchant vessels under the British flag, and all ports of
Canton, and prohibit all such vessels from proceeding in
the channel towards the Bocca Tigris, beyond the island
of Lintin. We further give warning, that an infraction
of this notice will render the parties so offending liable to
the penalties which have been attached by Acts of Par-
liament to disobedience of the orders of the Representatives
of the East India Company in China, upon all points con-
nected with the trade to the port of Canton.
(Signed) ,‘ H. C. PLOWDEN.
" WILL.WIAM BAYNES,
" CHARLES
" J. BANNEItMAN."
The private letters from Bombay, which are dated on the
20th of March, state that Mr. PLOWDEN, the President
of the Select Committedivas coming hence in the Bridge-
water. The ships had all sailed for Manilla to winter,
and wait there for orders from the Court of Directors. The
supercargoes were embarking in the ships for Manilla.
The proclamation is dated on the 24th of January, and was
brought to Bombay by the Don Manuel de Portugal.

ON THE PRESENT STATE OP THE

INSANE.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. 01
Sra,—The earnest interest and animated beneVole*,
that from time to time characterise your observations
the fate of the lunatic, would assure me of your
ness to give publicity to any communication I raif4l
make on the subject, having for its object the- allevisti'd
of the afflicted, if I were not already favoured by o°'
mark of your attention ; I have, however, to thank i.,"
for the insertion of former letters on this topic, the Iro,
so as it appears to me we entertained very different vie
°,
to the made of attaining the same object :o,
appeared to consider the situation of the lunatic would
improved by rescuing him, not only from the trading Prscp
titioner, but from the practitioner who makes the tee
ment of insanity his peculiar pursuit, the "mad doctor*
as you call them ; I considered his situation would be i
proved by inducing the more talented and more reaps;
able medical practitioner to devote his attention to t'
cure of derangement of the mind ; I lent my aid, tbrore,
fore to uphold the respectability of the occupation ; ko°
ing, as I do, that he who is familiarised by actual pr',,
tice to the treatment of the varieties and shades of dise*l
as manifested in the sane part of mankind, is then 0(;(
qualified to enter on the study and varieties and shade*
disease as developed in the insane. You, Sir, and otbl
have applied the critical and indignant lash with no
hand ; and a spirit seems to have been conjured up, ,
points the finger of scorn at the so-called " mad doctol'
this I deeply lament, it has the immediate effect of 't„
terring the talented and honourable medical practitioor;
not only from entering into their line of practice, but esel
from occasional visits to the lunatic, where the physicil,
authority may in any way be required to sanction restrain'
this is not my opinion alone, but it is the opinion of other
and among whom is one of the most successful pbricani
of the age. That circumstances of a very distressing col
racter have arisen, which justify the censures that h
been inflicted, I am not prepared to deny, nor is,it
object to canvas ; but I would wish to draw your atter
tion to the actual state in which these events have left
unfortunate lunatic, and this can readily be conceived
what I have said above, it is now infinitely worse thaol
was a few months since; and his situation demands di
immediate attention of the Legislature, that provisii#
might be made, not only for the greater security of °
subject reputed to be insane, but also to relieve the Oct
sician from the onerous and very objectionable author' „
of signing certificates of lunacy, and of authorising Pet
privation of liberty—powers which have very justly lo
with the indignant reprobation of the daily press;
ct
power ought never to have been mixed up with the dotl
of the physician.
In the Lancet for July 7, 1827, I say At Pre:
sent I believe there are no data to ascertain what prop.°
tion of lunatics recover who have been for a given n°:
kept in poor-houses, or farmed out, nor any authoritiv
call for such return ; could a return be procured of 811
lunatics during the last ten years confined in poor-Men'
or farmed out in counties where no county asyluat t,
j 7
been built, we could readily ascertain the relative 10,11,
of the two systems, that of the poor-house and fatal
and of the asylum, &c. ** * * Let the restote
of the recent cases in the poor-houses and the farms,
compared with the results of the recent cases adroit
into asylums, and it will place, I doubt not, in a ve,
conspicuous light the superiority of economy, and the 1,
mense alleviation of suffering and preservation of life, is
fected by the agency of county lunatic asylums.
seems I was mistaken as to the want of authorli;
since the highest law officer has the power
call for the return I suggested ; and it is irlj
feelings of great satisfaction that I find the attenvo
of the Lord Chancellor has been directed to v.
subject; and that he has not only called for the real
of recent cases ofij supers, but for returns of all cases?,
all classes, from the establishments for lunatics in 71
kingdom,—this most valuable document, as I find it in v
Quarterly Review fur March, runs thus :—A returst
" Ist. Of the number of persons considered to be lahl;
ing under insanity or imbecility of mind, admitted io
each establishment for the last ten years; distinguish
such as are paupers, specifying the number admitted
OJ'
year, and separating them into the two classes denorniti
by medical practitioners curable and incurable,' accora74
to the class each person was considered to belong to at'
period of admission into the establishment.
" 2dly. Of the number of persons so admitted 010,„4
have quitted the establishment, as being sufficiently
lieved to be restored to their liberty, separated into Silt
two classes before-mentioned; and setting forth, as in
first return, and with reference thereto, such as are PP'
pers, and the duration of the complaint."
This, then, will enable his Lordship promptly to agrerd
tain, not only the results I had in view, but the success Sri
tending the mode of treatment adopted in the coal;
lunatic asylums, the public lunatic asylums, poor boll:
where lunatics are confined, and lastly, private luo*to
asylums: this document cannot fail to be of paratOil
importance to every class of deranged persons; and
will probablydepend the future fate of thelunatic,askl tA
seems in the best possible hands as far as regards his coooll
ment in receptacles ; and, perhaps, his Lordship will etej
tend his humane attention to the coercive powers ves
liJ
in medical men. Nearly three years since, I decide'
expressed my opinion in favour of public asylums, 89 fort
spected the pauper lunatic, and now I see nothing ill to
condition of the non-pauper lunatic that would lead me
think him placed in any more advantageous situation tbgi
his less wealthy, but not less fortunate brother sufferer'
I am, Sir, very respectfully,
Your most obedient servant,
I '
PAUL SLADE KNIGHT, 1%"'9
Glossop, near Manchester, May 29, 18306

PROVINCIAL BANK OF IRELAND,

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,—On attentively perusing the report which le
have published of the annual meeting of the above Coe
pany, I find so much reason to doubt the justice of that
marks of approbation, which appear to have followed 01
disclosures made on that occasion, that I trust you WI
permit me to attempt justifying these doubts by a few °I
servations, premising that I am no theorist in what
have to offer on this subject.
I believe it is now nearly six years since this institutic
was first established, dating its origin from the memodi
period in which the bubble mania raged with so much gi°,
lence in London. It must be acknowledged, therefor;
that its growth to a state of prosperous maturity 1'
been rather slow, when, after so considerable an j 0
terve!, it has been able to divide no more'than four r.
cent. upon its paid up capital; recollecting at the or
,;
time that, exclusive of the destitute state of capital in 4r,
land, the legal rate of interest still continues at six r
cent. instead of five, as in England !
This dividend of four per cent. appears to have earl
lowed up nearly the entire net annual profit, leaving
more than 1,300/. as a reserve fund, which every man
practical knowledge will at once pronounce to be tnt
too small a surplus laid by for future contingencies, ev"
if these contingencies were far less prevalent than they 11
confessedly known to be in Ireland. But the extran
contrast between the nucleus of a reserve or sinking full
(which it is the duty of every well conducted instituto,
of this description to provide,) and the sum of 500,000
capital, on which the Company have been trading, rot',
abundantly show that they have had difficulties to encotO,
ter of no ordinary character, even exclusive of the cone
with the Bank of Ireland; and in every probability
the construction of the unwieldy machine, which tb
have had to manage,with its multiplicity of members, 1.1/
integral relation to each ot-er, must entail upon its p
tical operations a system of expenditure so great as to Vey'
vent the possibility of its reaching, within any reasonab
period, that flourishing and prosperous conditiop whi`
the Chairman so confidently anticipated,
What, for instance, can be more anomalous, or all
rently inconsistent with the policy of an institution P e
fessing to confer wealth and commercial prosperity on Ir
land, than that this very meeting should be held in Loft
don, at the distance of four and nearly 500 miles fret,
many of its branches--that its affairs should be annan);
canvassed and developed in the same place—that its pole
cipal depot of wealth should in every probability be n
stationed here, instead of being consolidated in that coy
°
try, from whose fertility and industry it hopes to ace
mulate those profits on which its ultimate prospery
must depend ?—must not the interval of space above 14
ferred to between the mot, a 3 it were, and its nuttier°,0
ramifications, produce of itself an infinity of expense,
various kinds, incident to the operations of banking, o'4
mously burthensome on the profits of this Company?
practical man can for a moment doubt this, and the err,;
sit of specie from London, on a late occasion, to e-rief
exigences occasioned by a panic in Irelal4d dn• ales cr!,
of the Company, must haVe abundantly proved the too
of this inference !
It is true that a connection in London is indispeno/11to
to every commercial firm in Ireland, and above all, b
those engaged in banking, from the incessant drain of 4
sentee rents, &c., from one country to the other, but 1.0
equally true that, in the present instance, this conneotjo!
might have been confined to a single banking-house, ":0411
ample security and advantage, instead of being conuto,' 0.1
to the care of a formal set of Director., with all the 0'

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!laments and appendages of their appointment—they can
have little else to engage their attention, removed at such
a distance from the theatre of action, than the common
routine of duty incident to the transactions of every
banking-house having numerous county connexions, un-
less it be receiving the periodical returns from the different
branches, committing those to the care of an accountant,
and preparing the annual report—all of which, I need
hardly say, would much more legitimately belong to the
locality of Ireland, and without incurring the expence of
an executive government, such as I have described, in
England ; a much less number being amply sufficient for
' that purpose, when it is recollected that every distinct
branch has its set of Directors also !
It may be alleged, and probably with truth, that as this
Company originated in London, and may have procured
the principal part of its capital from that source, it became a
necessary consequence that its government should be esta-
blished there also, and to this I have nothing to object,
except what I have already stated, as drawbacks on the
chances of its ultimate prosperity, more especially as it
leads to the conclusion that Ireland must have had the pro-
ject, with all its faults, or be satisfied to remain as she was ;
and this naturally suggests another question, in relation to
its capital, of much more importance than those I have
been already discussing.
Has Ireland then received all the benefit she had a right
to expect from this Company ? Have they, in fact, per-
formed their compact with Ireland, on its original for•ma-
' tion, by the transfer of two millions of capital for the
benefit of her trade, her manufactures, and agriculture, as
it Was pompously and, indeed, confidently, announced
she must do, through the medium of the Press, and indus-
triously propagated in every quarter of that country. To
this it must be answered that she has not, nor probably to
the extent of one-fifth of that sum, for, as yet, no more
than 25 per cent., or one fourth of the nominal capital of
two millions, has been actually paid up; and it is clearly
Intended to adopt this limit, as well from the long interval
of time since its commencement, as from the language of
the Chairman in eulogizing the strength and solidity of its
funds I
Let us however analyze this question a little farther, in
order to disclose some additional facts curiously bearing
out the conclusions I have ventured to adopt. London,
we may confidently assume, to be the principal repository
of the capital already paid up, and it cannot be any
violent presumption to suppose that, as the seat of Govern-
ment, the Directors have retained in their own possession
at least one-fourth of the entire amount, which would
leave for allocation in Ireland no more than the sum of
375,0001. instead of the magnificent patriotic donation of
two millions?—then giving to Dublin, the next point of
importance, a deposit of 100,000/., to meet the numerous
demands to which it must be liable in a country so noto-
riously destitute of capital, and we have 275,0001. to di-
vide equally among the fifteen branches, of which, I be-
lieve, this Company is formed; each branch having a dis-
tinct local Government must consequently be entitled to
the use of a separate capital, yet according to this probable
distribution could command no more than about 20,0001.,
a sum so perfectly insignificant as to bear no comparison
to the capital of many private bankers in Ireland, and a
vast majority of those residing in the provincial towns of
England !—a great proportion of which are greatly in-
ferior in population to those with which they are thus
contrasted.
I know it may be alleged that in eventual security the
solidity of this Company is undoubted, all the subscribers
being personally liable for the engagements of the bank ;
but while I admit this, and wish them all the benefit they
can hope to derive from their responsibility-, I must deny
that either Ireland or the public have any right to be
satisfied with so palpable a violation of the original corn-
pact
as to make the sum of 500,000/. a substitute for
that of two millions, whatever benefit the establishment
of this Company has actually conferred upon that country.
Every practical man must know that the most undoubted
collateral security, whether in landed or personal property,
h" in a thousand instances been incapable of averting the
ruin of a banking house, even for a single day, and the
best proof of this is to be found in the number of firms, con-
stituting five-sixths of the entire who were unable to re-
sist the storm which overwhelmed England in 1825, yet
have since then paid off the whole amount of their en-
gagements; nor is it less certain, referring to the question of
security, that a call upon a body of subscribers, in the
. midst or on the approach of danger, would be equally
fruitless, so that on either ground these collateral props
are so little available in case of need, as to afford no satis-
factory foundation for the repose of public confidence.
In fact, every thing nominal or fictitious is utterly incon-
sistent with the policy of banking, and ought therefore to
be carefully excluded from the constitution of all such un-
dertakings, but more especially those on which so much
of the property, and consequently the prosperity, of a
whole kingdom must depend l
It is to be hoped, therefoe, that the new Bill for the
relief and improvement of this Company will contain
• a clause, making it imperative on them and all other
companies similarly constituted, to pay up and consoli-
date the whole amount of their nominal capitals, taking
away the personal liability, by which correction alone of
the blunders hitherto committed in this important Branch
- of our financial economy the country will be most
essentially benefited, and the syst:•na of banking on this
principle most indispensably improved.
I am, Sir, your most obedient servant,
MENTOR.