The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-12 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVUNING, AUGUST 12, 1863.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

WOLVERHAMPION RACES.--TingsDAY.

The Ladies' Purse of 50 sovs for horses that have never
won a race value 50 sovs at any one time; two-yr-olds, 6st
7lb ; three, 7st 91b; four and upwards, Bst 71b; m. and
g. allowed 31b ; entrance 2 sovs, to go to the fund. Three-
quarters of a mile.
Mr. Rich's East Lancashire (h.b,) 3 yrs, 7st 91b
(Challoner) 1
Lord Wilton's Herdsman, 3 yrs, 7st 61b (H. Grimshaw) 2
Mr. W. Saunders's The Queen of Trumps, 2 yrs, Est 41b
(J. Grimshaw) 3
Mr. Davies ns. London, 2 yrs, 7st 71b (Thomas) 4
Also ran Illusion, Helen, and Sorceress.
Betting—Even on East Lancashire, 9 to 4 agst Herds-
man, 10 to 1 agst any other.
Won by a short head ; a bad third ; Helen did not pass
the post.

The Cleveland Cup (in specie), by subscription of 10 sovs
h
3 ft (to go to the fund), with 100 added ; three-yr-
olds,eac 7st 71b ; four. Bst 121 b; five, 9st 51b; six and aged,
9st 81b ; mares and geldings allowed 31b ; certain penal-
ties and allowances. Twice round, starting from the
Stand. 9 subs.
Mr. W. S. Cartwright's Fairwater, 5 yrs, 9st 21b
Mr. T. Hunt's True Heart (Custance) 1
, 3 yrs, 6st 91b (X 200)
(Thomas) 2
Betting-10 to lon Fairwater, who won by two lengths.
The Staffordshire Nursery Handicap of 100 sovs, added to
a Sweepstakes of 10 sovs each, 3 ft (to the fund), for
two-yr-olds ; winners extra. Straight half-mile. 34
subs.

Mr. T. Allen's Geduld (h. b), 6st (carried Est 11b)
Lord Stamford's Hypatia (S Adams) 1
, 7st 71b (Loa tes) 2
Mr. Knight's Acceptance 6st 41b
Mr. T. Cliff's Wildman, int (Williamson) 4
Mr. Dark's King of Clubs, bat 101 b (car. Est 11Ib)
idment)
Lord Bateman's Fair Sophia, 6st (J. Gri (Mamshaw) 5
6
Betting opened at 6 to 4 and closed at 100 to 30 agst
Hypatia, 7 to 4 agst Geduld, 7 to 2 agst Fair Sophia.
Won by a length and a half ; three lengths between se-
cond and third; a neck between third and fourth.
The Holyoake Stakes (Handicap) of 10 sots each, 5 ft, with
100 added ; winners extra ; second to save his stake.
One mile and a half. 16 subs.
Mr. T. Hunt's Misfortune, 4 yrs, Est 131 .. (T. French) 1
Mr. W. Hart's Middlewatch, 3 yrs, Sat 121 b
(J. Grimshaw)
Mr. R. Ten Broeck's Lord of Linne, 4 yrs, Ist 131 b (inc. 2
71b ex.)
Mr. Reldiff's Jack o' Newbury, 3 yrs, Est .... (Loates) 4
Betting-2 to 1 agat Lord of Linne, 9to 4 agst Jack o'
Newbury, 4 to 1 each agst the other two.
Won in a canter by a length ; five lengths between se-
cond and third ; a length between third and fourth.

The Patshull Stakes of 5 soya each, 2 ft (to the fund), with
100 added ; two-yr-olds, 6st 101 b ; three, Bst 71b ; four,
9st 51b; five and upwards, 9st 71b; selling and other
allowances. Three-quarters of a mile. 18 subs.
Captain Christie's Lady Cli,den, 5 yrs, 9st 111 b (not to
be sold) (Fordham) 1
Lord Stamford's Livingstone, 3 yrs, 9st (not to be sold)

(A. Edwards) 2
Betting-4 to lon Lady Clifden, who won by a length.

The Stewards' Plato (Handicap) of 40 sovs, added to a
Sweepstakes of 5 sovs each, 2ft (to the fund), for all
ages; winners extra; selling allowances. Straight half-
_ _ .

mile. 19 subs.
Lord Stamford's Chicquot the Jester, 2 yrs, Gst slb

(Loates) 1
Mr. Mellon's Southport, 5 yrs, Bst 121 b (Reeves) 2
Mr. Devereux's Highland Mary, 2 yrs, sst 71b (Kenyon) 3
Lord Bateraan's Fair Sophia, 2 yrs, Sat 71b

(J. Grirusht;w) 4
Mr. T. Stevens's Pinkepoe, 4 yrs, 7st 91b (H. Grimshaw) 5
Betting—Even on Chicquot the Jester, 7 to 2 agst South-
port, 4 to 1 agst Highland Mary, 5 to 1 agst Pinkepoe.
Won by a neck , two lengths between second and third.
The winner was bought by Mr. Sampson for 92 guineas.

First Year of the Fifth Stamford Biennial Stakes of 10
sous each, h ft, with 50 added, for two-yr-olds ; colts,
Bst 91b; fillies and geldings, Bst 6lb ; certain penalties
and allowances. T.Y.C; Half a mile. 60 subs.

Lord Stamford's Prosella, Bst 61b (A. Edwards) 1
Captain Christie's The Gordian Knot, Bst 61b (Fordham) 2
Mr. J. Ambery's Lady de Trafford, Bst 61b
(H. Grimshaw) 3
Mr. C. Peck, jun.'s, John Gully, Bst 61b (E. Harrison) 4
Mr. G, W. Fitzhugh's Fisherman's Daughter, Bst 81b
(Custance) 5
Mr. Naylor's Audacietu3e, Bst 61b (Challoner) 6
Lord Stamford's Acolyte, Bst 91b.. (Loates) 7

Betting-6 to 4 agst Procella-5 to 1 each agst Gordian
Knot, Lady de Trafford, and Fisherman's Daughter-7 to
1 agst Audacieuse,

Won by two lengths; three lengths between second and
third ; a head between third and fourth. Lord Stamford
declared to win with Procella.

THE PUBLIC HEALTH.

(From the Regtstrar- General' Quarterly Return.)
General Register •office, Somerset-house, July 31.
This return comprises the births and deaths registered by
2,201 registrars in all the districts of England during the
quarter that ended June 30, and the marriages in 12,630
churches or chapels, about 4,808 registered places of wor •
ship unconnected with the Established Church, and 640
superintendent registrars' offices in the quarter that ended
March 31.
In the last quarterly report it was stated that in the
period to which it referred the birth-rate had been unusu-
ally well maintained. That rate was still higher last quarter,
and in all the quarters of the last ten years, 1853.62, only
two Instances occurred in which it was as high or higher.
This fact may be remarked in connexion with the generally
healthy state of the population during last year. The mar-
riages in the first quarter of the year were more numerous
than in the two corresponding quarters, a result which the
metropolis appears to have mainly helped to produce. But,
in taking a general survey of the returns, that which chiefly
claims notice is the fact that the mortality, which was high
in the first quarter of the year, continued high in the quar-
ter that ended June 30.

MARRIAGES.
The marriage-rate in the first quarter of the year was
1.404 per cent., or, as it may be said, if the same rate were
in operation for a year, 1,404 persons would be married in
that time out of every 100,000 of the population. The ave-
rage rate per cent. in the same quarter in ten years is 3.394.
Following the Christmas quarter, in which the greatest
number of marriages are celebrated, the period to which the
present returns relate is that in which they are always
found to be fewest.
The number of marriages reported is 35,454, against
33,274 and 33,976 in two previous March quarters. In
London marriages were 5,305 and 5,752 in 1861-2 ; in the
present year they rose to 6,226. There was also an increase
on both the previous corresponding quarters in the south-
Eastern counties, the South-Western, and the West Mid-
land counties, in Yorkshire, and the Northern counties.
Lancashire exhibits a revival in its marriages as compared•
with those in the first quarter of 1862, for in three periods
taken in the order of time they were in that county 5,431,
4,887, and (this year) 5,245. The increase is very consi-
derable in Liverpool and West Derby, which have been
comparatively unharmed by the prevailing distress.
The following districts of the cotton manufacture exhibit
an increase in the marriages over those of one or both pre-
vious quarters :

March Quarter.
1861. 1862. 1863.
Prescot
Ormskirk
Chorlton
Salford
.. 155
Manchester
.. 1,1,06
Clitheroe
.. 42
Blackburn 259 .. 216 .. 237
The following are examples of decrease :
March Quarter,
1861. 1862. 1863.
Warrington
• •
Bolton 305 .. 314 .. 230
Bury
Barton-upon-Irwell 81 .. 81 .. 59
In some of the above instances, as in many others through-
out the country, fluctuations of the marriages in particular
districts are probably caused by movements of the population.

BIRTHS.
The annual birth-rate in the June quarter was 3'705 per
cent., against the average 3'587. It never happens that as
many as 36 children are born to a thousand of the population
in a year; and in the 24 years 1838'61 there occurred only
one year (1859) in which there were 35; and it is also a rare
occurrence that children are born in a quarter at the rate of
37 to 1,000 of the population per annum.
The number of births in the quarter was 189,611, that in
the same period of 1852 having been 185,638. Nearly 26,000
children were born in London in 13 weeks. More than
25,000 wero born in Lancashire. There was an increase in
the births over thoce of the corresponding quarter of 1862
in all the 11 divisions, except the North-Western, which
comprises Cheshire and Lancashire, where a decrease would
arise from a reduction of the marriages in last year, and pro-
bably from a cause of greater moment, the emigration of heads
of families from those counties in quest of employment.

, 83,290 emigrants, 56,436 (of whom at least 40,000 were
Irish) chose the United States as their dcatination.
The English people contributed about a fourth part of the
emigration to all parts.
PRICES, THE WEATHER, AND PAUPERISM.
The lowest and highest prices of beef at Leadenhall and
Newgate were 4id and 64d per lb, sold by the carcase. In
the same period of last year they were 4d and 6d. During
the last 12 months the average price of the best quality has
not varied. The price of mutton fell. In the June quarter
of 1862 the worst and best qualities were 5d and 7d per lb;
and they were near those prices in the succeeding nine
months, till last quarter, when they were 4id and 6td. The
average price of wheat fell to 46s 2d per qr ; that of the best
potatoes to 120 e per ton, against 1908 in the same quarter of
last year. Beef furnishes the only exception to the com-
parative cheapness of the principal articles of food.
Mr. Glaisher writes that the period of five months that
began with December and ended on April 30 was as warm
as any corresponding period in meteorological annals. The
first half of the last quarter—viz., from the beginning of
April to the middle of May, with the exception of a few
days, had a mean temperature which was on an average two
degrees in excess daily. After May 17, for a period of nine
days, it was no less than six degrees under the average.
Again the temperature rose, and was 3.25 in excess till June
5, from which date till the end of the quarter the air was cold.
The mean temperature of the air in April was 49 deg.; that
of May 52 deg. ; and that of June 58 deg. The mean tem-
perature of April was higher than that of the same month
in any year since 1844. Days and nights in April were
warm; nights in May and days in June were cold.
Rain fell to the amount of 5.6 in, of which 3.9 in fell in
June. In the preceding two months of the quarter the rain-
fall was scanty.
This account of the weather is derived from the observa-
tions at Greenwich.
The pauperism of the June quarter declined, as is usual,
on that of the March quarter; but as regards the recipients
of out-door relief it was much greater than in the June
quarter of 1862. The average numbers of poor persons
relieved on the last day of each week, in three correspond-
ing quarters, were as follows

In-door. Out-door,
June quarter, 1861 .... 117,802 .... 713,785
ff 1862 .... 127,863 .... 781,858
1863 .... 127,852 .... 879,241
/7

DEATHS, AND THE STATE OP THE PUBLIC HEALTH.
After a period of two years, in which the public health
was better than usual, the mortality rose in the last three
months of 1862, was high in the first three months (the
winter quarter) of the current year, and continued above
the average in the quarter for which the returns are now
made. In this last period the death-rate was 2.313 per cent.
per annum, while the average was 2.191. With the present
exception, a spring quarter has not occurred since the year
1853, in which the rate of mortality was as high as 2.3.
Both town and country testify to an increase of deaths in
their respective populations; for the rate in the chief towns
was 2'478 (against an average of 2.336), and that which
prevailed in small towns and the country parts was 2'103
(against 2031). Summer-like weather in the early year,
and cold days or nights striking a sudden chill into the
heart of it, produce effects from which neither city nor
hamlet is exempt.
That vast town population that resides within " the bills
of mortality" suffered in common with the provincial popu-
lations, and in its due proportion; for though those com-
plaints that are more directly traceable to meteorological
causes, namely, bronchitis and pneumonia—were little, if
in any degree, more fatal in the metropolis than usual, both
smallpox and scarlatina were very prevalent, and caused
numerous deaths. Smallpox carried off 788 persons in Lon-
don, or nearly nine daily; scarlatina and diphtheria 1,230.
Though the former disease destroyed fewer lives than the
latter, it was more powerful in inspiring the public mind
with a salutary dread, It should not be overlooked that
prophylactic measures are available against scarlatina as
well as smallpox, and both maladies are subject to modifi-

cation.
Smallpox was not confined to London ; its presence, which
assumed in some instances a character of virulence, is an-
nouncef by registrars in many and distant parts of the
Country. The following are the chief districts, parishes, or
t,..wnships where the attack was of sufficient importance to
procure a notice in the reports of the local officers :---In
Surrey, Croydon and 00dt:40110 ; in Kent, Maidstone and
Rochester; in Berkshire, Reading and Kintbury ; in
Bedfordshire,
Ham, Orsett, Rochford, Manningtree, Colchester and Sible
Wing (Leighton Bu.zzard) ; in Essex, West
Hedingham ; in Suffolk, Cavendish; in Cornwall, Bodmin,
Truro, Redruth, and Penzance; in Warwickshire, Kilsby ;
in Lincolnshire, Grantham, Market, Rasen, and Misterton;
in Derbyshire, Derby and Glossop; in Cheshire, Stockport
in Lancashire, West Derby, Wigan, Didsbary, Chorlton-
upon-Medlock. Manchester (where it was very prevalent),
and Oldham • in Yorkshire, Barnoldswick Ripon,
Harrogate, Wetherby, Yeadon, Elland (Halifax), Shipley
(Bradford) Brainley, Leeds, Dewsbury, Barnsley, Ecclesall
Bieriow, Sheffield, Bramham (Tadcaster), York, Sculcoate,
Hull, Whitby, and Northallerton. In thenorthern counties,
Stockton, Yaom, Bishop Auckland, and Chesterle-street.
Fear of the disease, minatory notices issued
.by guardians,
or the infection of example have given a useful stimulus to
vaccination in many places where it had been opposed by
prejudice or had sunk into neglect.
Not only smallpox but also measles and scarlatina at-
tacked the industrial population both in Lancashire and
Yorkshire. Of 287 deaths in the St. Helen's sub-district of
Prescot 63 were from measles, and out of 376 in Wagner 72
wero from the same disease. In West Leigh a fourth part of
the total number of deaths was from measles, which was also
very fatal in Bolton. In the sub-district of Oldham-below-
Towni out of 312 deaths 15 were from smallpox, and 57 from
scarlatina. In the north sub-district of Sheffield 23 cases of
smallpox and 20 of scarlatina were fatal ; and in Brightside
(Sheffield) 27 cases of smallpox, 25 of scarlatina, and 20 of
measles were attended with the same result.
The mortality of London in the quarter was 2.403 per
cent., that of the
vNisoiornth;-wanedstetrnhe Division 2.569,
. n 569 the, that
latter of
Yorkshire 2.589. Cheshire and Lancashire constitute the
Division;
North-western )i
county, apart from the former, was 2.592. Liverpool, Man-
chester, and other large towns have long invested this
county with an unfavourable distinction, which it is hoped
the important measure now passed by Parliament, for en-
abling the distressed Unions to borrow money for works of
public utility, will be successfully employed to remove. In
the present day the rate of mortality in Lancashire furnishes
a striking contrast to that of the south-eastern counties'
which was 1.968 last quarter. To reduce if not to annihilate
the difference is not an impracticable task.
The deaths in London rose from 15,230 and 15,695 in the
June quarter of 1861-2 to 17,417 last quarter. Those in the
north-western counties rose from 17,576 and 18,017 to
19,467; those in Yorkshire from 11,600 and 11,916 to
13,339. The increase in Lancashire and Cheshire in last
quarter on the mean mortality of the two previous seasons
was 9 per cent., and less than in London and Yorkshire,
where it was 13 per cent. Taking particular districts of the
cotton manufacture, there was an increase in Oldham ; in
Manchester and Warrington of 20 per cent. ; in Chorlton
and Wigan of 25 and 34 per cent. Measles and other epi-
demics, as has been shown above, were spreading through
those parts. On the other hand, there was a decrease in
Ashton, Preston, and Chorley, amounting in the last twe
districts to 20 per cent. or more. It is probable that fewer
deaths have been registered in many districts in consequence
of the emigration or removal of the inhabitants, for doubt-
less many villages besides Belmont, which the Registrar
writes is "almost uninhabited, owing to the badness of
trade," complain of empty houses ; but, reviewing the whole
facts of the present return, they will be found to support
the conclusion which former reports tended to establish,
that sickness has not been aggravated nor the mortality in-
creased oy the distress which has prevailed, and which hap-
pily to a certain extent has now been subdued. It must be

regarded as a providential interposition in favour of the
under •fed and half• clad workmen and their families that
the pet iod embracing December and four succeeding months
was, in the words of the Meteorological Report, distin
guishedby a temperature higher than in any corresponding

Period since 1771.
The leading facts in the financial history of the distress
may be stated in a few words :—The number of persons de-
pendent on the parochial rates and relief funds was 530,000
before Christmas, 1862, when the maximum was attained;
at the end of June it was reduced to 256,230. Nearly half
the burden is at the pre,ent time removed. The expendi-
ture from both sources in December was 1289,225. It was

reduced in June to £102,241. The loss of factory wages
per week at the end of Jan., 1863, was £172,018 ; at the end
of June, £132,553. The decrease in weekly expenditure
from the rates and relief funds (the last week in December,
1862, being compared with the last week in June, 1863)has
been in 6 months £20,000. The total expenditure in 12
months, from the 30th June, 1862, to the same period in
1863, was about £1,676,413, of which amount £1,054,413
was derived from relief funds, and £622,000, expended on

he out-door indigent only, from parochial rates.
The improvement in the cotton districts, by which 47
[ocal committees have been enabled to suspend operations,

has arisen from various causes—the emigration or removal
of operatives, the increase of outdoor work, the partial re-
vival of industry. The Public Works Act, if adopted and
carried into execution with earnestness and goodwill, is ex-

petted to provide the wages of labour to a fifth or sixth part
of the population, who without its aid would he in want,
But,notwithstanding the present encouragement,the Central

Executive Committee takes a desponding view of the coming
winter. The external conditions of the cotton trade from

which the ruin of the manufacture sprung remain unchanged

and there is little prospect of that cheapness of material on
which former prosperity was based. Present alleviations of
the distress %till, some of them, cease when summer and

autumn have passed. Private savings are spent, credit ex-

hausted, relief funds diminished. Therefore, it is not un-

reasonable to anticipate that though the distress of the ap-
proaching. winter may visit fewer hearths, its severity
where it falls may be greater, because the means of reliev.
ing it may be less.

eponding weeks (viz., the 32d week in each of the years
1853-62), with the omission of deaths from cholera in 1854,
and with a correction for increase of population, is 1,252.
The actual number in last week therefore exceeds the esti-
mated number by 150.
The deaths from smallpox in the last three weeks were
successively 34, 43, and 49. Of these 49 cases 13 are stated
to have occurred to persons on whom vaccination had been
performed. The Registrar of Haggerston East returned 5
deaths from smallpox in the week, which is more than was
returned by any other sub-district of London, except Isling-
ton West, in waich the Smallpox Hospital is situate.
Scarlatina was fatal in 115 cases, and diptheria in 15.
From the former disease there were 5 deaths in the St. John.
Westminster, sub-district, 14 in the district of Pancras, 9
in Islington, 5 in the sub-district of Hackney-road, 4 in that
of Artillery, Whitechapel ; 4 in Limehouse, 7 in Mile-end
Old-town, 8 in Bow.
The most fatal of all the epidemics was diarrhoea, which
always predominates at this season, and which last week
caused 184 deaths, From the mortality of this complaint
in Islington it appears to prevail much in that district.
But the deaths from diarrhoea in London have not increased
within the last fortnight. In the last three weeks the
numbers were 233, 201, and 184,
There were 15 deaths from cholera, chiefly among infants.
The wife of a labourer is reported to have died, on the 3d
of August, at 1, High-street, Bromley, of Asiatic cholera.
A boy aged three years died of coup-de-soleil ; and the
wife of a butcher of " malignant pustules," after seven
days' illness.

A Greenwich pensioner died at the advanced age of 99
years.

Last week the births of 919
*boys and 853 girls, in all
1,772 children, were registered in London. In the corre-
sponding weeks of the years 1853-62 the average number
(corrected) was 1,797.

At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height
of the barometer in the week was 29.837 in. The reading
decreased to 29.71 in. on Wednesday, and it rose to 29.98 in.
on Saturday. The mean temperature of the air in the week
was 65 deg., which is 2.9 deg. above the average of the
same week in 43 years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher). The
mean daily temperature was above the average throughout
the week, though the excess was small during the greater
part of it. The lowest night reading of the thermometer
was 54.1 deg., and occurred on Sunday. The highest day
reading was 82.9 deg., and occurred on the following flay.
The range of the thermometer in the week was, therefore,
28.8 deg. The mean daily range was 20.6 deg. The differ-
ence between the mean dew point temperature and air tem-
perature was 6.2 deg. The mean degree of humidity of the
air was 81 (complete saturation being represented by 100).
The wind was daily in the south-west. Nearly 2-10ths of
an inch of rain fell, chiefly on Thursday. There was thun-
der on the morning of Sunday.