The Sun.
London, England, 1830-02-04 00:00:00

MR. OWEN.

ADDRESS TO THE MEMBERS OF THE LEARNED
AND THE NAVAL AND MILITARY PROFES-
. SIONS.
GENTLEMEN,—You have been trained and placed,
by the circumstances of the society in which you
have lived, in professions, by which to r sin a liveli-
hood or distinction. No one who is rational can
attach blame to you on this account.
Your professions have arisen from two supposi-
tions—first, that it is impracticable to form arrange-
ments to produce wealth to satisfy all; •and, secondly,
that man is capable of feeling and thinking; and,
consequently, of acting as he pleases.
The time, however, has arrived when, by a new
power unknown to our ancestors, more real wealth
can be easily created, than the inhab:;ants of the
world can advantageously use; or than they will
ever desire to possess.
And the late progress of knowledge has been such
that it is become publicly known, that it does not
belong to the nature of man to feel and think as he
pleases ; but that he is compelled to feel and to
think according to laws of his nature, made without
his knowledge or consent.
In consequence of these changes in society, your
professions have become not only unnecessary, but
most injurious to yourselves, and to every individual
of the human race.
It becomes, therefore, your duty to yourselves
and to your fellow-men, to aid in creating other ar•
rangements to supersede all necessity for the longer
continuance of your professions ; and your duty, in
this case, will be found to be in strict accordance
with your interest and your happiness.
A priesthood will be no longer necessary in the
world ; because, when the change of circumstances
proposed shall be effected (and the knowledge now
existing will effect it), each child will be so taught,
trained, and placed, that he will be, of necessity,
honest, sincere, and intelligent, and will possess
unlimited charity and kindness for his fellow-
beings ; the practice of which virtues will consti-
tute the pure and genuine religion, which can alone
be of any real utility to God or man.
The profession of law will be no longer necessary;
for individual riches under the new arrangements
will give place to a superfluity of public wealth,
which will by a rational application of manual,
mental, and scientific power, be annually produced,
to an amount greatly beyond the wants or wishes
of all.

No one will then be required by law to think, or
to say that he thinks, contrary to his conviction ; or
to feel, or say that he feels, in opposition to his im-
pressions; for all will speak only what they are
obliged to think and to fed, and they will act
acorn
Under these rational circumstances, law, or the
ingenuity of lawyers, will not be required. All
differences, if it be possible for differences to arise
in a rational state of society, 101 be speedily a&
justed by the prompt decision of individuals, formed
by a rational education, to be honest and intelligent,
and who would be duly appointed to perform these
friendly offices for society.
•Physicians will be no longer necessary, fer every
child will acquire sufficient knowledge of the ana-
tomy and physiology of the human frame to ❑nder-
stand the nature of his own organization and parti-
cular constitution, and thus be enabled to adopt
proper measures for the prevention or speedy cure of
any disease ; for, us each individual must possess a
more intimate acquaintance with his own constitu-
tio❑ than any physician is likely to obtain, each will
regulate his food and exercise as his feelings may
dictate. Good nir, proper exercise, temperance in
all things, and the absence of corroding anxieties,
together with the enjoyment of full liberty to speak
whatever they may feel and think, will tend to keep
all individuals in the best state of health and spirits.
Surgeons may be occasionally useful, but acci-
dents or diseases, requiring surgical operations, are
not likely to be frequent, when all shall be trained
from infancy to be rational; anl when, in order to
produce this character, all must necessarily be sur-
rounded, through life, with rational circumstances
only.

Your professions have been generally filled by in
dividuals who, under the old irrational notions of so-
ciety, were supposed to possess by nature superior
intellectual powers, when compared with the other
members of the family from which they were selected.
In the improved society that will arise, when all
shall he trained in rational circumstances only, the
individuals naturally possessing superior intellectual
faculties will become members of a new profession,
in which their powers will be applied to the most
valuable, instead of the most injurious purposes.—
They will be taught to acquire a correct knowledge
of the influence of circumstances, in giving a superior
or an inferior direction to the human faculties, and will
thus become " Professors of the Science of the
Formation of Character ;" which science will soon
be discovered to be, beyond all comparison, more
valuable to themselves and their fellow-beings than
all other sciences hitherto discovered.
The practice of this new profession will become,
in a rational state of existence, the most importan t
of all occupations; and therefore the first depart-
ment in every society.
In this new state of existence, when men shall
be taught from infancy to understand the laws of
their natures, and the conditions necessary for its
happiness, no motive will arise to render it neces-
sary that men should be united, for the purpose of
destroying each other's lives, their productions, and
all the means of human happiness. They will dis-
cover that all such proceedingo, through the past
ages of the world, have been the very essence of
irrationality.
The energies and faculties necessary to conduct
war, or, in other words, to destroy upon a large
scale, and to inflict misery upon nations, will, under
the change which knowledge will speedily produce,
he-applied to create real wealth; to preserve and to
distribute it; and thus to promote the happiness
of the community, to which those valuable powers
belong. And the immense waste of human la-
bour, now sustained in the creation and support of
the nava) and military professions, will also, under
the change about to commence, be applied to the
preservation and improvement of society, in order
to secure to every one the greatest amount of en-
joyment of which his organization is susceptible;
and of the nature and extent of this enjoyment no
one yet can form a just estimate.
No one portion of society will feel the magnitude
and importance of this change in a higher degree
than those individuals, who, by their professions,
are compelled to murder some of the most noble
and generous of their fellow beings; and to render
void the labour of others, who, have been occupied
in producing for the public the necessaries, comforts,
and luxuries of life.
It is not possible, irrational as men have hitherto
been forced to become, for a member of the naval
or military profession to reflect upon his occupation,
without feeling deeply conscious of the misery which
it inflicts upon the human race.
Under the change proposed, those individuals
who have hitherto been compelled to be the de-
stroyers of the human race, would become the most
active promoters of its happiness.
In hastening the proposed change—a change un-
der which the world will be governed by knowledge
and not by ignorance, priests, lawyers, physicians,
and members of the naval and military professions
have all an immediate and deep interest.
Permit me, therefore, to request your best atten-
tion to the consideration of the principles on which
this change is proposed to be made; and of the con-
sequences which these principles will produce in
practice.

ROBERT OWEN
49, Bedford-square, Feb. 2, 1830.

A TIPPERARY PIKE.—AII enormous pike,
of 241135. weight, was on Alonday morning caught at Mr.
JOSHUA LESTER'S mills, at Turtula, near Thurles. In its
stomach was found another pike of 6i-lbs. ; and in the
maw of the smaller pike a large perch, half of which was
digested.— Clonmel Advertiv-r.

I):7.STRUC;IIO:‘ OF 111 E TEMPLE OF Jr-
11USALE11, BY FIRE, UNDER Taus.

(From " History of the Jews," in " Murray's
Family Library.)
It was the 10th of August, the day already
darkened in the. Jewish calendar by the destruc—
tion of the former Temple 'by the King of Ba-
bylon : it was almost passed. Titus withdrew
again into Antonia, intending the next morning
to make a general assault. The quiet summer
evening came on ; the setting sun shone for the
last time on the snow-white walls, and glistening
pinnacles of the Temple roof. Titus had retired
to rest ; when suddenly a wild and terrible cry
was heard, and a man came rushing in, announc-
ing that the Temple was on fire. Some of the
besieged, notwithstanding the repulse in the
morning, had sallied out to attack the men who
were busily employed in extinguishing the fires
about the cloisters. The Romans not merely
drove them back, but, entering the sacred space
with them, forced their way to the Temple. A
soldier, without orders, mounting on the shoul-
ders of one of his comrades, threw a blazing
brand into a gilded small door on the north side
of the chambers, in the outer building or porch.
The flames sprung up at once. The Jews ut-
tered one simultaneous shriek, and grasped their
swords with a furious determination of reveng-
ing and perishing in the ruins of the Temple.
Titus rushed down with the utmost speed ; he
shouted, he made signs to his soldiers to quench
the fire : his voice was drowned, and his signs
unnoticed, in tip. blind confusion. The legion-
aries either could not, or would not hear : they
rushed on, trampling each other down in their
furious haste, or, stumbling over the crumbling
ruins, perished with the enemy. Each exhorted
the other, and each hurled his blazing brand into
the inner part of the edifice, and then hurried to
the work of carnage. The unarmed and defence-
less people were slain in thousands ; they lay
heaped, like sacrifices, round the altar ; the steps
owfa
eedTdeomw?llletlriaen‘vitlstreams
bodies that
lay of
about.
blood,mt which
Titus found it impossible to check the rage of
u.
the soldiery ; he entered with his officers, and
surveyed the interior of dic sacred edifice. The
splendour filled them with wonder ; .:941 as the
flames had not yet penetrated to the la,
he made a last effort to save it, and

forth, again exhorted the soldiers
progress of tile conflagration. r.r.
Liberalis endeavoured to force
his staff of office ; but even res•

)cror gave way to the furious
he Jews, to the fierce excite-
o the insatiable hope of ylu

saw• every thing around they
which shone dazzlingly in
flames ; they supposed t
sures were laid up in the
unperceived, thrust a libt
hinges of the door ; the
flames in an instant. 11

fire forced the officers to
edifice w►as left to its fate.

It was an appalling spec
what was it to the Jew ?
of the hill, which comman,
like a volcano. One after a
fell in, with a tremendous cm

4111 P

unst
, and
)Idiers
I gold,
t of the

trea-

loved up in the fiery abyss.
were like sheets of flame ; the

soldier,
eel' the

mmit
lzed
ngs
al-

shone like spikes of red light ; era
sent up tall columns of flame and he
neighbouring hills were lighted ark
groups of people were seen watchit. ble
anxiety the progress of the destri he
walls and heights of the upper city );
with faces, some pale with the agon ►ir,
others scowling unavailing venge :he
shouts of the Roman soldiery, as a to
and fro, and the howlings of the int who
were perishing in the flames, mingle-, ..►th the
roaring of the conflagration and the thundering
sound of failing timbers. The echoes of the
mountains replied, or brought back the shrieks
of the people on the heights : all along the walls
resounded screams and wailings ; men, who
were expiring with famine, rallied their remaining
strength to utter a cry of anguish and desolation.
The slaughter within was even more dreadful
than the spectacle from without. Men and
women, old and young, insurgents and priests,
those who fought and those who intreated
mercy, were hewn down in indiscriminate car-
nage. The numbers of the slain exceeded that
of the slayers. The legionaries had to clamber
over heaps of dead, to carry on the work of ex-
termination. John, at the head of some of his

troops, cut his way through, first into the outer
court of the Temple ; afterwards into the upper
city. Some of the priests upon the roof
wrenched off the gilded spikes, with their sockets
of lead, and used them as missiles against the
Romans below. Afterwards they fled to a part
of the wall, about fourteen feet wide : they were
summoned to surrender ; but two of them,

.Hair, son of Belgo, and Joseph, son of Dalia,
plunged headlong into the flames.
No part escaped the fury of the Romans.—
The treasuries, with all their wealth of monoy
jewels, and costly robes—the plunder which tha
zealots had laid up—were totally destroyed.—
Nothing remained but a small part of the outer
cloister, in which 6,000 unarmed and defence-
less people, with women and children, had taken
refuge. These poor wretches, like multitudes
of others, had been led up to the Temple by a
false prophet, who had proclaimed that God
commanded all the Jews to go up to the
Temple, where he would display his Almighty
power to save his people. The soldiers set fire
to the building : every soul perished.

It is a remarkable circumstance, that whilst
Yorkshire and the Southern counties have been ♦isited by
severe snow storms, Cumberland, hitherto famous for
" the winter robe of purest white," hen been almost en-
tirely free from them. On Stainmoor so thick is the snow,
that coaches and waggons lie buried in their depth, and the
mails have with difficulty been dragged over, after inces-
sant cutting away. Around Carlisle the country is bare
as autumn, and the roads for many miles thereabouts have
remained entirely fres from obstrnetion.—Hull Packet.
THE WEATHER IN THE IGH LA NDs.--.
The weather here continues surprisingly mild and open.
Snow there is none, save on Bea Nevis and the highest
mountains ; the frost, if felt at night and morning, is
scArcely visible ; the air is soft, the sun is bright, the burns
and rivers pure and limpid as in May, and in many Oleos
broom and whins, as well as garden plants and flowers, are
putting forth blossoms. The grass has a fresh verdant ap-
pe :ranee, and, altogether, if the larch and birch trees
had put on their glorious garniture of leaves, we might
well be cheated into a belief that spring had again vi-
sited us. This singular and pleasing contrast to the ri-
go: ous frosts and snowy blockades experienced at present
in England, and on the Continent, ought to furnish a
s:ihject for heartfelt thankfulness to all indwellers of strut!'
and glen. Should Nature continue every year thus to
reverse her ancient laws and order, the luxurious victims
of ennui and disease must quit the banks of the Rhine
arid the Garonne, and the classic scenes of Italy, to seek
for health and comfort in the milder climate of the Scot-
ti-1, Highlands!.-.lnverness Courier.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

We begin to hope that the Country-Gentle-
man-intereit may see• ere long the error of its
ways, and adopt such courses as • common sense
and reflection will justify it rather in pursuing to
the end, than in abandoning as untenable and
mischievous. The Magistrates of one county—
and that a county placed in peculiar circum-
stances--are said to have refused an application
from the Grand Jury (the Sessions Grand Jury)
to appoint a county meeting, where, under the
cloak of a petition against the malt-tax, all sorts
of grievances might, no doubt, have been pressed
into the service, and all manner of nuisances
been proposed as nostrums for redress. Hamp-
shire happens to be the county of which the
Duke of Wellington is Lord-Lieutenant. Had
it been any other county in the kingdom, we
Should say that, considering Cie present temper
of the landed interest, the magistrates had judged
wisely in discountenancing what would probably
have resulted in a chimerical representation of
the state of the country by men who see all
things with eyes diseased : but, besides the dis-
play by the Hampshire Magistrates of conduct
which was intrinsically wise, there seems reason
to hope that. they. must have -believed that par-
ticular -application of their wisdom to be one
which would -meet. the concurrence and approval
of a nobleman, all whose sentiments on questions
affecting the internal state of England are ren-
dered, by his position as well as his character, of
more than common. interest to the people, If
the Duke of 'Wellington, in short, had heel a
partisan or patron of the agricultural distress cla-
mour—or of the currency-clamours--or of the
yell for what is maliciously called " equitable ad-
justment”—or any other of these mob howling.,
which have deafened and exasperated all honest •
and enlightened men,—and if the Hampshire
Magistrate had known or but shrewdly suspected
his Grace of favouring such outrageous and re-
volting absurdities, it is very probable that their
worships would not have exhibited so prompt a
repugnance to put them forth, under the auspices
of a county meeting. It is therefore Comfortable to
us to find that the Hampshire authorities have
taken this course, from the con Science which it
affords us that the Injas,.l, of the Prime Minister is in
a sound
and wholesome state with reference to
`,ye-mentioned topics. The city of Lin-
• ',been resolving ; and, that no time nor
ter s, might be lost, the worthy citizens
mena ,
he economy which they recom-
•
so s. a- managed to consolidate in one
• Asia is s pretty an assortment of public
kaarevan 'could meet with in a summer's
aiay. Ti as some spirit in the declara-
.tion, that, ',uses of the distress, and the
proper inc -tress, are equally apparent ;"
toxin is tip imewhat equivocal ? They
then enuri ration, tithes, difficulty and
expellee Q' justice, and, finally, the
want of rn tliament, as items in their
catalogue I iThey call for a repeal of
the malt a
~ and of the greater part of
the assesse. way of a beginning. We
certainly i n of Lincoln in wishing ear-
nestly for f the above taxes and of a
great ms pit we have also a preliminary
wish, ti Ay be possible to repeal them.
The cc' Aianitain considerable establish-
ments• airby sea and land, and for the
admitnt ir justice. The country must
furthea ie interest of an enormous debt,
and d ,e expense of collecting a vast re-
venue. , the most rigorous and unsparing
econori engrafted on the management of all
these V plied concerns ; then take off many
taxes,' diminish many others, and leave
every n ,s much as is politically possible, the
master o ,s own industry and fortune. An
able cot. ,ondent of ours has some observa-
tions whittsi arc worth considering on this car-
dinal point-of redressing the public grievances ;
his notions are those of a sober and enlightened
mind. Retrenchment—we repeat, " Retrench-
ment-"' We have no doubt the Duke of Wel-
lington will bravely cry out " Retrenchment."
Other things follow. Free trade in corn—re-
duced rents—wages high enough to exist upon
—St habitations for the peasantry, and no de-
grading mixture of the British labourer with the
pauper. Here, even without touching on taxa-
tion, there are liberal sources of redress.—
Times.-

This day the Parliamentary campaign com-
mences. The out of doors people, to speak in
Parliamentary language, have had their day._
It would be hard, indeed, to deprive people who
feel themselves uncomfortably situated, of the
privilege of grumbling. In a Chronological
History of England, it is observed, that " the
gentlemen of England were greatly distressed at
this time (Jan. 1689-90), scarce any of them
knowing how to retrench their expenses, though
the taxes of all kinds lesSened their revenues so
considerably." Retrenchment hat, it would ap-
pear, been in all times a matter of extreme diffi-
culty with the gentlemen of England. Wars ate
delightful, but taxes and falling rents are the
very devil. However, this is all out of doors
work. How stands the 'Matter within. We
shall briefly lay before our readers such informa-
tion on this matter as hls reached us, from what
we consider authentic 'sources. It may easily
be supposed that the Duke of Wellington is
too old a tactician to meet Parliament without
having a tolerably. Clear conception 'of the state
and disposition of parties, and without having
applied himelf to strengthen himklf in those
points in which he inN conceive himself most
open to atiatl. It is pretty well understood that
the Premier has had his difficulties in a high
quarter. The Kings of the House of Bruns-
wick have often been puzzled to hnderstand why
they, were sent for to this country. It is gene-
rally supposed that the business of a British King
is merely to make and unmake Ministers ; but it
has not unfrequently happened that some of the
subjects of our Kings would noither consent to
be themselves made Ministers, nor allow others
to be made. In 1757 the Duke of Newcastle,
the head of a confederation of Boroughowners,
kept George the Second for seven or eight weeks
without any Ministry ; and when Lord Walde-
grave attempted to move him, his Grace openly
told his Lordship, " that with a single word he
could cause so many resignations as would give
the Court a very empty appearance." Lord
Waldegrave informs us, that having been
commanded to conceal nothing from his Ma-
jesty, he told him that it was vain to think
of opposing the Duke of Newcastle. " I told
him I was clear, in my opinion, that our
Administration would be routed at the opening
of the next Session of Parliament ; for that the
Duke of Newcastle had a considerable majority
in the House of Commons. . . . It was,
therefore, my very humble advice, that his Ma-
jesty should give way to the necessity of the
imes." • The Duke of Newcastle was as con-
temptible a creature as ever crawled upot; the
earth ; but, in this free country, he commanded

the King, and commanded the House of Conl•
mons. The mother of George the Third never
ceased dinning into hitt, " George, be King ;"
and he was king ; and the nation gained, bv
his being King, the advantage of the Ameritat,
war and the war of the French Revolution,
which were altogether his work. His Majesty
King George the Third was so much of a King
that he has very much curtailed the power of his
successors. While there ate loans and contracts,
and wars in every quarter of the globe, and dis-
patches reeoentine the gallant deeds of our neva]
and military heroes in the Ne*epapers, the King
of this country is poWert'ul. But when loans cease,
and teeete tall' heavy, and the nation calls loudly
for retrenchment, the business of a Minister is
surrounded with difficulties. Hence, however
desirous his present Majesty might be to be a
King every inch of him, as his father was, and
to command his Ministers, hP Will occasionally
find that obedience hits its limits. It is under-
stood that, about three weeks ago, in conse-
quence of the opposition which existed, and
which we believe still exists; in the tnind of an
exalted Personage to the nomination of Prince
Leopold to the Throne of Greece, and in conse-
quence of some other less tangible and less as-
signable reasons, which, were it not for Sir
James Scarlett, we might, however, hint at, the
Gallant Premier, with his characteristic plain-
ness of speech, reminded his Majesty of the cir-
cumstances under which he accepted office, and
signified his readiness to resign; Matters were,
however, made up, and ixn apparently sincere re-
conciliation followed. Negociations were, it is
said, then set on foot to regain Mr. Huskisson ;
but they did not lead to a successful issue. A
rumour was afloat yesterday, and credit was
given to it in a well-informed circle, that these
negotietions had been renewed within the last
forty-eight hours. But where is the vacant seat
in the Cabinet for Mr. Huskisson to fill ?
One, indeed, it is observed, would be found,
were his Grace to rid his Ministry of a certain
Noble Lord, who has recently attracted some-
what more attention than is perhaps agreeable to
his colleagues, by a singular correspondence
with a too communicative functionary in the
East. But even this opening is not exactly
suitable. The Board of Trade or the Colonies
is the proper place for Mr. Huskisson, where,
from his abilities and experience, he could render
the most service ; and the office to which we
have alluded, whatever it may be in the way of
patronage, is hardly worthy of his ambition.
The appointment of Mr. Berries to the Board
of Trade will not, it is thought, add much to
the strength of the Duke of Wellington in the
House of Commons. The Right Hon. Gen-
tleman is generally allowed to be acute and well-
informed in matters of finance, and the country
is more indebted to him than people are generally
aware of, for the share he had in the valuable in-
quiries set on foot in the various departments of our
Revenue. But it remains to be seen whether he
is equally able to take large and comprehensive
views of affairs, whether his knowledge of general
principles is equal to his skill in details. We
are not, however, in the least afraid that he will
depart (because we know he cannot, even if he
would) from the system to which his prede-
cessor, Mr. Vesey Fitzgerald, stood pledged.
His deputy, too, Mr. Courtenay, who bears the
reputation of an honest politician and highly
honourable man, has become from conviction, in
consequence of that inquiry which he announced
his intention of making, while his mind was yet
as a sheet of white paper, firmly attached to this
liberal system. So far all is safe. It is the
misfortune of England, as was very well observed
by the writer in the Quarterly Review on the
internal state of the country, that the House of
Commons is a Club—a sporting Club—and
that what is done there is of less consequence
than what is said. In the talent of talents, big
speaking, the 11Iinistry are certainly weak. It
has been said that one Attorney in a country
town will not do—there must be two, or there
will be ro suits. In like manner, a select Mi-
nistry will make a select opposition. For when
a man has it all his own way for some time he
tires. The greatest vixen is miserable if her
husband is not provoked to an occasional re-
tort. The power of patient suffering is some-
times more efficacious than the power of ac-
tive resistance. Mr. Peel would hardly be rec-
koned more than a second-rate speaker, but he is
almost the only one in the Ministerial ranks.
Mr. Herries can supply him with official facts,
but can give him little aid as a speaker. Sir
George Murray, when he has time, can com-
pose an elegant: speech, and he has a graceful
manner and good delivery, but he is noi. a ready
debater. Air. Vesey Fitzgerald was a fluent
and ready speaker on all manner of subjects, and
his loss will thus be sensibly felt. All the elo-
quence, as it is called, and ability in debating,
will be either neutral, or on the side of Oppo-
sition. And now for the state of the House of
Commons generally. ft may now be said to
exhibit a curious appearance. It is divided into
five or six distinct parties, either hostile to, or
not very friendly to each other :-
1. First we have the regular Supporters of the
Ministry.
2. The Old Whig Opposition.
3. The High Tory Opposition.
4. Lord Althorpc s Party, consisting of Liberals
and Reformers and Independent Members.
.5. Mr. Huskisson's Party.

6. A small number of Members who do not range
themselves under any fixed banners.

It is probable that the proceedings of this day
will bring the different parties out, and enable
the public to see the spirit by which they are
respectively actuated.—Morning Chronicle.
To-day the Parliamentary drama begina—
Peers and Representatives of the People the
actors—a nation the audience. The old and
tiresome Comedy of " Catholic Emancipation,"
which ran so many seasons to the exclusion of all
novelties, has been withdrawn, and the manage-
ment stands pledged to the production of new
performances. Whether the business of the
scene w ill so reflect the public feelings and inte-
rests as to justify the adoption of the trite but
expressive motto, Veluti in speculum, at this
political theatre, remains to be know n. Public
opinion prepares to perform the office of critic,
and is bound, in common fairness, neither to
censure•nor approve by anticipation. Leaving
the dramatic metaphor, we proceed to ask why,
if the wisdom of the Great Council of the nation
can afford a remedy for the unexampled dis-
tresses of the country, it was not called into ope-
ration at an earlier period ? The great and dis-
tinguishing quality of a true Statesman is fore-
sight. He belongs not to the class of men gifted
by nature to direct the destinies of an empire who
does not evince, in difficult times, this characte-
ristic proof of political sagacity. To foresee con-
sequences, and, as it were, to forecast events, from
the signs of the times, and, by doing so, to be
enabled to promote what is good for a country,
and to counteract what is mischievous, is the
attribute of one born to obtain lasting fame at.

the heal of the councils of a nation. Did the
• Duke of Wellington anticipate, many months
ago, the crisis which has now arriied ?—a crisis
which we do not hesitate to say is more alarm,
ing and perilous than any in which this country
has been involved'since the era of the French
Revolution. Even when the conquests of Buo-
naparte appalled the world and shook the an-
cient monarchies of Europe to their foundation
—when enterprizes of romantic guilt and gran-
deur seemed too little for his genius, and the
subjugation of the ancient thrones of the Con-
tinent not sufficient to satisfy the vastness of his
ambition, England Was not placed in Mich peril-
ous bircinnsiances as she is at present. Her
enemy was then without her borders—her shore
was yet sacred from his violation—her laws and
liberties— her ancient institutions, and glorious
independence, were surrounded by the rampart
of a firm, a united, and an undaunted people.
The barrier of the seas, of which she never lost
the sovereignty, was still interposed be,tween her
and tht asaailant Who sought her ruin. now
different is the scene now !—No enemy threatens
her existence from abroad—a profound peace
has for fifteen years given repose to her vic-
torious arms : within herself is the danger;—
self-created is the calamity which oppresses all
her interests—cripples her industry—dissolves
her wealth, and breaks down the energies of her
people. These are not evils from which she
can be delivered by such acts of heroism as live
in the remembrance of the battle of the Nile or
the field of Waterloo. Our own folly, not the
malice of others, has brought us into this con-
dition, and nothing but wisdom united with the
moral courage which is not ashamed to retract
errors and acknowledge and repair mistakes can
extricate us. Great would be the ingratitude of
this country if she ever forgot the splendid and
successful services hs which the Duke of Wel-
lington vindicated her superiority in arms ; but
greater still would be her infatuation if she did
not examine with jealousy and vigilance the
measures of a military chief, under whose Go-
vernment she has reached a point which tries to
the utmost her capacity for endurance. Is all
this mischief attributable to the Duke of Wel-
lington ? Certainly not ; but he is deeply re-
sponsible for al!owing matters to go to the
extent to which they have gone, without
taking measures to arrest the progress of the
evil. We admit that the main source of the
adversity of England is the National Debt—
that consideration for our military glory which
makes it the dearest article that a nation ever
purchased. It was the Debt, along with the
continued and, we may call it, the criminal pro-
fusion of Government, that made it necessary to
exact the war taxes from the people during suc-
cessive years of peace until now, in the fifteenth
year of " amicable relations" with all the world,
when the burdens of the people are in no way
alleviated—on the contrary, their pressure is se-
verely increased by some of the most enormous
acts of legislative folly that ever aggravated the
embarrassments of an impoverished empire.
While the country had to pay the war-taxes in
a war-currency they. were raised, not, indeed,
without difficulty, but certainly without the dis-
tressing consequences to the national industry
which they now produce. Mr. Peel, fascinated
with the visions of the theorists, rushed into one
of the wildest experiments of legislation that was
ever carried into practice beyond the limits of
Swift's "fl)ing island" of philosophers; charmed
with the abstract idea of a golden currency,
he took not at all into calculation the actual
circumstances of the country into which it was
to be introduced. If he could, by the same
Parliamentary magic that he annihilated the
paper medium in which the taxes had been paid,
and the expenses of the State defrayed since
the Bank Restriction Act, have extinguished the
National Debt, or so much of it as had been
borrowed in paper money during the last war,
then, indeed, might 1. e with comparative safety
have brought back the age of gold. He would
in that case have placed the debt and the
currency together on a peace establishment. He
would not have legislated on the contradictory
principle which lest on the people the pressure
of the war-taxes, and took away, in a great
measure, the means of paying them. What
made the Bank Restriction Act necessary ? The
pressure of the financial burdens of the war.
What could make the repeal of that Act safe or
salutary ? A return to the lighter taxation of
peace, and nothing else. Mr. Peel, however,
disdained to allow his genius for legislation to
be controlled by the circumstances in which this
country was placed. Cessante ratione cessat lex
is a maxim of English law as old as our Anglo-
Saxon institutions ; but the maxim of Mr. Peel's
legislation was, "let the war taxation continue,
and let the war currency cease. Hence high taxa-
tion and low prices, hence an impoverished country
gentry, insolvent farmers, and broken manufac-
turers—hence
enriched and pampered placemen,
sinecurists, and jobbi rs in the Funds. Then
came Mr. Huskisson with his free trade and re-
ciprocity system, which rivalled in folly the re-
volutionary innovation c n the currency. Dearly
have the people paid for the infatuated policy of
their rulers—" quicquid delirant reges pectun-
tur Achivi." Theoretic statesmen, altogether
overlooking the artificial state in which the na-
tion was placed by a long and expensive war,
and carried away by the vain ambition of ob-
taining celebrity by some novel performance in
legislation, broke down the artificial barriers
which gave a nation in such a position its only
security. Even supposing that other nations
acted upon the principle of reciprocity, of which
the advocates of free trade spoke so wildly, yet
this country was not in circumstances to enter
fairly and with equal advantages into the field
of free competition with them. Let the
Debt and the taxes be only reduced to the
level of those which our French or Ame-
rican rivals have to pay, and there can be
no doubt that the industry, the skill, and perse-
verance
,of Englishmen will beat them out of
the field. But, with the debt and war-taxes,
the system of free-trade puts England in the si-
tuation of a man with fetters upon his legs at-
tempting to run a race against another, whose
limbs are left free to all the buoyant energy of
nature. The great vice of the " philosophy"
of Mr. Huskisson and his brother theorists is,
that they never look beyond the paper on which
their plans are sketched: they never take into
account the existing circumstances which ought
to controul or modify all the designs of states-
men, therefore their measures betray that spirit
of ignorant innovation which is equally daring
and impracticable ; they are, however, effective ,
in one way—they produce mischief and suffer-
mg, and bitter distress and national humiliation.
But in their affliction the people still look up
with some gleams of hope to Parliament, and
we trust their expectations of some relief will
not be disappointed. If Parliament can, now'.
that distress is so aggravated, arrest the progress of
the calamity, why were not the representatives of
the people called together in November last, when'

that distress had not reached the height which it
has done at present ? We believe that if the
Duke of Wellington had not been misled by
• those false oracles of opinion, those parasitical
newspapers, which either denied that the people
were suffering, or described their adversity as
transient, he would not have been so lost to the
duties of his station and humanity as not to
have assembled Parliament before to interpose
its " wisdom" between the living and the dead,
that the " plague might be stayed." We believe
he means well to the country ;—indeed, it is his
own interest to promote its prosperity ;—but,
high as is his reputation in arms, he has not yet
rivalled the fame of either the ancient or modern
Hannibal, by that capacity for the conduct of
national affairs which establishes upon a sure
and permanent foundation the celebrity of a
Minister. We do hope, however, that he has
profited by the melancholy experience which,
while it has humbled the grandeur of England,
has not been without its advantage, if it has
crushed the pernicious ambition of our Legis-
lative theorists, and taught wisdom to our states-
men.—Morning Herald.
Before what we now write is read by one-
tenth of our readers the parties most interested
in the success of this Paper will be standing on
the floor of the Court of King's Bench, to re-
ceive sentence for certain alleged libels, declared
by honest jurymen to have a tendency to bring,
his Majesty's Government into contempt! Be-
fore these observations are generally perused he '
who writes them may. be consigned to a dun-
geon—the martyr of English liberty—the victim
of the boasted freedom of the Press—of that
freedom which the Whigs extolled in their
speeches and immortalized in their toasts—but
of that freedom which they have trampled upon
and sold for -dirty preferment—of that free.
dom which they have abjured the very first
moment they discovered it would interfere
with their mercenary pretensions, and of
which they are now the prominent and most
conspicuous enemies. In these times it is ne-
cessary for men, exposed as a public journalist is,
to carry their hearts in their hands. But it cannot,
nevertheless, be concealed that this shameful per-
secution is solely directed against one man. His
ruin is the summum bonum of' the public prose-
cutor. He has been selected as the gaol offering
to the offended dignity of the Wellesleys, the
Peels, and the other apostates. He is marked
out for decimation at the hands of the most un-
principled set of Ministers who ever misdirected
the councils of a great country. He who has
ever been loyal is represented as factious and
disloyal—he who has been consistent is re-
presented to be revolutionary—he who was
patronised by Lord Londonderry is con-
sidered an enemy of the improved and
revised principles of Mr. Peel—he who
has the most illustrious nobles of his country
as his patrons, his benefactors, and his
friends, is held up as a traitor, whose consistency
is rebellion, whose opinions breathe sedition,
whose attachment to recorded principles is an
offence against morality and political virtue.
England must be fallen indeed, if such treat-
ment is to be considered as the merit or the de-
merit of a consistent politician. But her history
belongs to our sons. This prosecution will be
recorded among the acts of the last Ministers of
George the Fourth. Replete with calamity as has
been the latter reign of our revered Sovereign
these proceedings will be immortalized in pages
that will mark the era as the most dark and re-
pulsive of modern history. Care may wear out the
sensibilities of a king—but time will render as en-
durable as the everlasting mountains those deeds
which eventually pave the way to far greater
events and less equivocal acts of despotism.
But, be the sentence what it may, we shall en-
ter a gaol conscious that our revered Sovereign
sympathises as warmly and cordially with the
defendant as do the meanest or most exalted of
his subjects. We arc as devotedly attached to
him as we were in earlier days, and when per.
sonal feelings inspired the sympathy and affec-
tion of his humblest subjects. We deem it our
duty to state these facts in order to prepare our
readers fir the consequences which may arise
from these judicial proceedings. They are full
of warning, and they speak to events which, we
say with sorrow, are likely to speak in far dif-
feient langu ige from that which we now use.—
Morning Journal.