The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-30 00:00:00

THE SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OCrOBER 30, 1863

lOU T HERN CONFEDERACY,

(Fro. n the Times' Special Correspondent.)
RICHMOND, Sept. 20.
_ _

It is muc fa to be dealt' ed, in the interest of scienti-
fic military history, tb at the chronicle of the events
which, sin ce the 10tY , of July, have accompanied the
remarkat siege of Charleston, and of those which
will int ervene bet wecn the present date and its pro-
bably remoter Ur rmination, should hereafter be given
to
the world, 111 ,der the interpretation of two corn-
petent militar y engineers, writing one from the
Northern, thy , other from the Southern, point of
view. The in dications at present are, that in wealth
,o 7 guns, in t he weight of their metal, in the scien-
tific applical ion of military engineering, in the abun-
dance of re: Source, wielded both by attack and de-
fence, and. in its duration, the siege of Charleston
will tower above all other sieges of modern history
and will t?aint many a moral in the pages of future
Vaubans. Itimay be interesting to your readers that
Je_should 1 niefly recapitulate some of the prominent
incidents which have illustrated the siege during
the pre& Int month, and which have at this moment
inclined the balance so strongly in favour of the de-
fenders that, in this mercurial community, anxiety
and un easiness have ceased to hover over Charleston
har.ocUr, and have been transferred to the women-
tou s operations of Generals Rosencranz and Bragg.
.1 'he month opened and found the Federals firmly
pla rated on Morris Island, under cover of an en-
fila ding fire from the new Ironsides and the seven
-Monitors which lay off the island. Theirtii flying
gotying
sap was unweariedly pressed forward un
nearer and nearer to Battery Wagner,
w that the
which, after
their previous repulse, it would appear
Federals had little stomach again tattack by as-
sau,t But, not satisfied with
thea"roach to their
parallels close, up to
the
to have
battery,the Federal
General and Admiral seem
desired to cap-
ture not only the work itself, which it may be
presumed they thought was about to be evacuated,
but also all its guns and its garrison. Accord-
ingly, i
gly, sb.ortly after midnight on the sth instant an
attack b y men in boats and launches was directed
against Battery Gregg, which stands at the extreme
northern point of Morris Island, and lies between
Fort S. nmter and Battery Wagner. Tne Confede-
rates were not unprepared for the assault, and at the
proltu Jr moment two signal rockets were sent up from
Ba ct ery Gregg, and in an instant torrents and hail-
atiorms of shot and shell were poured from all sides
into Lighthouse Creek, where the enemy was as-
sembling. In a quarter of an hour all was over.
The Federals retired without attempting to land,
and not a little astonished to find into what a hor-
nets' nest they had run their heads.
On the night of the ath the Federal sap was
within a few yards of Battery Wagner, and they
were raising their parapets so high that in a short
time they would have had no difficulty in leaping
into the work, as the French leaped into the Mala-
koff. It became evident to General Beauregard that
the hour for his evacuation of a battery, which had
without injury stood two months of unparalleled
'bombardment, was at hand. The Federals had been
swarming along the coast in barges mounted with
howitzers and fie'd pieces, protected by two Moni-
tors; but they were driven off by a, well-directed fire
before the embarkation of the Confederates com-
menced. The evacuation itself was skilfully and
successfully conducted, From Batteries Gregg and
Wagner there were brought off 2,000 men (200 of
them wounded), and the only loss sustained was that
of one boat, i which were a lieutenant and six men.
There were left to the enemy a few big guns in Bat-
tery Wegner which were entirely worn oat, having
been fir,„l some 1,500 times apiece. The only mis-
carrie,ge was the failure to blow up the works, in
consequence of bad fuzzA, which did not explode—
a failure which will, perhaps, save the Federals a
few days' labour. The general feeling in Charles-
ton is that the only effect produced by the fall of
these batteries will be to make Fort Sumter hotter
than ever, and to expose the batteries on James
Island towards Shell Point to a more galling
fire. It is interesting, lam told, to hear the
garrisons of these evacuated batteries compare
their experiences. There seems to be a general con

currence as to the fact that the new Ironsides was
by far the most formidable of their antagonists on
the water. The fire of the Monitor:3 was little heeded.
Upon the morning of the 8:h the Federals, em-
boldened by the capture of the whole of Morris
Island, and thinking that the turn of their fleet had
now come, opened a very heavy fire from the new
Ironsides and seven Monitors, assisted by several
Lend batteries, upon Forts Sumter and Moultrie.
'There can be little doubt that, although the bom-
bardment of the 7th of April attracted far more
notice, the bombardment of the Bth of September
was a more formidable affair, and that upon the
latter occasion the Federal ironclads were much
more roughly handled. After an engagement of
about two hours the Ironsides crawled slowly out
of action, with great commotion visible upon her
deck, and was soon followed by the Monitors, some
of which were, as was patent to observers with
powerful glasses, greatly injured. Since that day
-up to the present hour none of the Monitors have
taken any part in assailing the land batteries, and
there are now only five of these sea monsters, in-
Stead of the ordinary seven, visible from St.
Ilialieel's Tower. But the night of the Bth seems
to
have been thought by the Federals a favourable
Storm. it
oni, b_
E, was believed that the fort was held
of •YriiT
ahandful of men ; that it was a mass
without dinfa which the assailants could climb
bombardroo_.eulty, and that it would, after the
?rise. Buittitoo fo the morning, be taken by sur-
Battery Bregg,
an the occasion of the assault upon
the launches or th:orm of shot and shell saluted
significant nntnaeat t tacking party. Only an in-
who to the number of rather Federals landed at the fort,
i;a more than 100 were
t
taken prisoners.--amon
a nephew of General xeohile captured officers being
the best Confederate en It is the opinion of
gine'
that Fort Sumter, as
it now stands, strengthened"!
sandbags, can only be takeni°4 the copious use of
the garrison holding it continnett:aault, and that if
.4
do its duty, no assault which ca heretofore, to
4 be directed aains
it gives much promise of success,
Forts
to defence S g t
nmter does
of
not appear to be thought essential
Charleston; but, if I am not mistaken, the o
South Carolina is as much engaged in the z
nation to hold the first building which planted
idet_nf
Secession flag Bag in triumph, as is the pride of mz,:,
chusetts engaged in the determination to retake :t.
Since the night attack upon Fort Sumter up to
vigour of the attack has eisibl
the present hour the Y
abated. No one for a moment doubts that it will
hereafter be resumed. but the indications are that,
in addition to being slightly puzzled as to the best
,
method of attack, the Federals are awaiting a fresh
supply of heavy guns. There can be no manner of
doubt that the wear and tear of rifled guns, fired
repeatedly at high elevations, is excessively great.
This circumstance, and the consequent value
of rifled guns, have occasioned a good deal of regret
to be felt in regard to the bursting, upon its first
discharge, of one of the large Blakeley
guns re-
eently imported from England, and from which
great things were expected. A great variety of
opinion has been expressed here and in Charleston
in reference to the bursting of this sun, but the
opinion of Captain Brooke appears to be that a re-
cess whlch exists in the breech of the gun was in-
tended by Captain Blakeley to act as a gas chamber,
instead of beanfile g (as was, I understand, the case)
that a d with
ofgunpowder- It is scarcely credible
gunthis magnitude and cost should
have been
permitted
subjected to to leave England with•
to such searching tests as
would at any rate have forbidden its bursting
on the first discharge. It
not necessary that I
should do more than state is
that
extensively circulated in Charlestonidl e rumours have
that the gun had burst before, ane to the effect
that the cracks '
had been filled up with putty, but it is to be hoped
that the mischance is attributab,e to some mis-
take
in loading the gun, and that better fortune '
will attend its twin brother, Which has
not as yet
arrived at Charleston. There seems excellent
against iron plating reason I
still to believe that Captain '
Brooke's large rifled gun has no superior. Only one
of these guns has (if I am not mistaken) been as yet
employed at Charleston, and, in consccilenea•of a
mistake as to its charge, this /eun, after a greqt

many very rapid discharges, cracked one of its
bands, leaving, however, many of its brethren be-
hind :t at Charleston, which will make th mselves
felt as the siege progresses, and which will be more
carefully handled hereafter. Nevertheless, if the
siege is to be nothing more nor less than a struggle
between scientific engineers the chances are that,
give them time enough, and the Federals will win.
They have quite as much science as the Confederates
and far better and illimitable material. The utmost
confidence is felt by the Confederates that if it
comes to mere fighting " belly to belly"—the style
of fighting which General Longstreet is said always
to adopt—they have nothing to fear from their
opponents.

The influence of such a protracted agony as the
siege upon the character of the inhabitants and de-
fenders of the beleaguered city is likely to be strange
and worthy of remark. It has been observed that
Battery Wagner has exercised a powerful effect in
the way of promoting religion among its occupants,
who, when relieved (which happened every four or
five days), were in the habit of flocking in large
numbers to the nearest " camp revival." A friend
who has been watching the siege for the last month
writfollowinges
tome in explanation of this circumstance,report in
the
of the Monitor guns is agacant (I know no corre-
sponding English expression), even when heard at
the distance of four miles; but eoneeiva its effect
upon the nerves when it is heard from a distance of
only a few hundred yards, and is accompanied by
the explosion of a 15-inch shell, containing within
it several smaller shells, which come banging and
cracking and snapping about your ears, and per-
t haps tearing in pieces a comrade by your side."
It must not be forgotten that this hail of projec-
tiles has frequently been maintained day and
night for Weeks together, keeping the garrison
always on the strain, and promoting an irritable
feverishness and nervous susceptibility, which can
be more readily conceived than described.
In a former letter I mentioned that considerable
disappointment had been felt in high quarters here,
in regard to the loss by Gen. Beauregard, more than
two months ago, of Morris Island. It is nothing less
than justice that I should now state the defence,
advanced in extenuation of the General by his many
friends. It is asserted that Gen. Beauregard would
have swept the enemy off Morris Island the day
after he landed there if he had had anything like a
sufficient force to attempt it. But at the moment
he had only 700 men on Morris Island, 1,500 on
James Island and in Charleston, and 6C:O on Sulli-
van's Island. His force had, as is now generally
known, been greatly depleted with a view to rein-
forcing Gen. Johnston—to little purpose, as it
subsequently proved. It is by Gen. Beauregard
regarded as a signal mercy that the Federals landed
on Morris instead of James Island, inasmuch as his
force was at the time too small to withstand them
on the latter, and inasmuch as (to quote his own
words) "Morris Island is not the key to Charles-
ton." Bat as matters now stand, with a far larger
force of Confederates to defend Charleston than
there is of Federals to attack it, and with new sand
batteries growing up daily on James Island, there
is little reason to fear an attack upon this point. I
am assured that the new batteries on James and
Sullivan's Islands are entirely of sand, even with•
out revetments of wood, which were found to
splinter and do mischief at Battery Wagner. The
health of the troops is excellent, but they have to
be fortified with daily doses of quinine as a sequel to
their dress parades. Last year this ceremony was
omitted, and there was abundance of intermittent
fever, But, in spite of the belief held universally
before the war, that it was death to a white man to
sleep in summer for a single night upon one of the
islands around Charleston harbour, it is tound that,
given such a prophylactic as quinine, there are few
healthier or more agreeable marine residences than
the islands in question.

SEPT. 21.

I turn with reluctance to the consideration of the
momentous drama which is being enacted in the
neighbourhood of Chattanooga, and concerning
which, notwithstanding the facilities which have
always been extended to me, any information to be
gained in Richmond in so insufficient and inexact
that I have resolved to repair to•morrow to the
scene of action, and to judge with my own eyes.
It is impossible to deny that the Western campaign
of this autumn opened unpromisingly for the Con-
federates. In the first place the bloodless sur-
render by General Frazier and 2,000 Confederates
of their post at Cumberland's Gap—an eagle's nest,
which a handful of men could have held against
the world—is regarded here as so inexplicable that
1 hesitate to clothe in language the surmises which
are indulged in at Gen. Frazier's cost, and must
await fuller information before any judgment is
formed. Secondly, just at the moment when entire
confidence was felt that nothing could drive Gen.
Bragg from his impregnable position at Chatta-

nooga, Richmond was electrified by the tidings that
Gen. Bragg had withdrawn and allowed Gen.Rosen-
cranz to slip into his nest. Thirdly, surprise and dis-
appointment have been felt that Knoxville and the
larger portion of the Virginia and Tennessee Rail-
road have been ceded with so little resistance, and
that more use has not been made of a country
abounding in strong and defensible position, and
difficult beyond description of access.
But having stated these preliminaries, and ad
muted their disadvantageous aspect, I must record
that unquestionably the finest army numerically
in the Confederacy is that which is now commanded
by General Bragg, and that there are brigades and
divisions now serving under him which are not
surpassed by the division of General Hood or by
any other section of General Lee's army. I may
also now be permitted to state that a muster roll
which previously presented a very formidable aggre-
gate has recently been swelled by the subtraction
from General Lee's army of the fine corps of Gene-
ral Longstreet, who went last week to the West,
and has carried the enthusiasm and vigour which
his presence always awakens to inspirit the counsels
of a General who has unquestionably lost much of
the confidence which was last autumn reposed in
him. But I should not omit to mention that, for-
midable as is the army of General Bragg, swollen
by the addition of General Longatreet's corps, and
animated by the presence of General Longstreet
himself, there is abundant reason to think that

they are confronting by far the most formid.
able General whom the war has yet thrown
to the surface upon the Federal side. It is my
impression that full justice has not been done
either in England or in the Confederate States to the
ability of Gen. Rosencranz. Although it may, per-
haps, be true that the Western men who obey Gene-
rals R
the oseneranz and Grant are finer material than
whiestiweseopiings of New York and Philadelphia, of
arraies hesl been
a portion of the eastern Federal
een composed,it is impossible to be blind
to the het
some of the it)hat Gen. Bragg has led into the field
boast. The :18it troops which the Confederacy can
alight and indecisive superiority over
their opponents
has been manifested h, during the last 12 months,
in my opinion, 1 to
patient and pertinacious
presence of mind
the bloody battle of Merit.:
artillery and protected
be beyßosencranz's army is,
down to the credit of that
audaemmander himself. The
illness with which, after
hie athrorough, he massed his
and shrinking before the are beaPds, demoralised by
I ridge's Kentuckians, indicate the
elan of Breckin
very highest
*ties of a general. To his hid •
pall
session of the "ulable firmness
in retaining Ns e grOntid must
to which Gen. Br ' be attri-
buted the retreat
agg wa
Ae•ain, the abilit B the
next day driver!. ,t, y and resource
which he displayed this summer in maimami • .
ng his
of Gen. Bragg, although
position in front greatly
f reinforcements which
weakened by the loss o he had
sent to Grant, and in spite of the falling water of the
the
Tennessee River, falsified the anticipations of
wisest heads in the Confederate States, and are de.
serving of the highest commendation. There Lever
has been a moment when the widely-spread rear of
Gen. Rosencranz's armies has not been far more
vigilantly guarded and less accessible to attack than
• • •Ei• It is be-
that of the Federal armies in Virginia.
lieved that the attack upon Vicksburg along the
vulnerable heel of the Big Black River was directed
by the acuteness of none other than Gen. Rosen-
eranz. Lastly, the dexterity with which be has
mar ceavred and elbowed Generals Bragg and Buck-
i ner out of Chattanooga and linozville without

losing a life, the skill with which he has carried
his armies across such a stream as the Tennessee
River, and in such a country) and has all the time
kept his rear open) have combined to inspire in the
minds of all those who look sagaciously on a degree
of respect for General Rosencranz which has during
this war been elicited by no other man except
General Lee.

It wilt then be believed that, great as has been
the confidence reposed in the numbers and morale of
General l3ragg's army, there has been no inconsi-
derable relief experienced here by the arrival this
day of the following telegram :

" Chicamauga River, Sept. 20.
"After two days' hard fighting we have driven the
enemy,positions,
afterand a
nowholddesperatethe
fl
resisetlad ; butnee,
he froms
ti severalll
confrontsst us.rong
The losses are heavy on both sides, especially so in our
officers. We have taken over 20 pieces of artillery, and
some 2,500 prisoners. " BRAXTON BRAGG."
Into speculations and surmises about this battle,
in view of the fact that I hope to collect accurate
details in regard to it upon the spot where it was
fought, I shall not now attempt to enter. But
although thus far, the engagement in question can-
not but rank with other indecisive Eylaus and As-
perns which have been fought in the West, it is
evident that Gen. Bragg's army is fully able to hold
its own, and it is questionable whether the Federals
can afford to fight only a second Murfreesborongh.
There is excellent reason to think that the actions
of the 19th and 20th were fought before all Gen.
Longstreet's troops could have joined Gen. Bragg,
in confirmation of which belief I may men-
tion that I am about to travel to the West
tomorrow, in company with several of Gen.
Longstreet's staff. But, in the eyes of all thought-
full observers, it is becoming more and more appa-
rent that, so far as concerns soldiers in the field the
two sections are fighting more on a numerical equa-
lity than at any previous stage of the war. It is at
such a moment as this that, if rumour speak true,
it has seemed good to the war junta ;.n Washington
to dismiss a large portion of General Grant's victo-
rious army into the wilds of Texas, there to combat
two antagonists more inexorable than the Confede-
rates—climate and distance. It is difficult to resist
the inference that such a step is timed with a view
not so much of strategy against the Confederates as
of future menace against France and Mexico. It
so, there is good reason to think that, blind to all
the previous warnings of the struggle, the Fe-
derals are again committing at the end of the
third year of war the same mistake which they
committed at its commencement, and are despis-
ing the enemy with whom they are actually en-
gaged. It will require some more level battle in
the West, and some more engagements in Virginia
—and such an engagement is at this moment
menacing General Lee, under circumstances far
more favourable to him than those under which the
Batttle of Chancellorsville was fought—to convince
the Federals that they are as far from the attain-
ment of their purpose as they were in April, 1861,
and that they may indefinitely increase the volume
of the vast ocean of blood which has already been
spilt without advancing the question which has been
so long and bloodily debated one step nearer to its
solution.

SEPT. 22.
The preparations which are necessary for a trip
to Central Africa are scarcely more elaborate than
those which precede such an excursion as I am
about to undertake to East Tennessee. It was my
belief yesterday that, after much labour, they were
happily concluded, and that I should be enabled to
start this morning; but yesterday evening my
horse, left standing for a moment in the street, was
stolen, Kid my departure is delayed until fresh ar-

rangements can be made. The incident is only

worthy of mention as indicating the snares and dif-
ficulties through which the Confederate States are
passing as they slowly win their way to indepen-
dence. Horse thieves, burglars, and occasionally
garotters, swarm in the streets of Richmond, The
very atmosphere is corrupted by the presence of the
hosts of money-grabbing Hebrews and blockade-
runners, who reck nothing of Federal or Confede-
rate rights, and are the great debasers of Confede-
rate currency and the elevators of gold. It requires
the heart of a nation and its leaders to be eminently
sound to withstand the pernicious influence of such
a hunger and thirst after money as at present per-
vades. not only Yankeedom but also so large a por-
tion of this community.
Bat much as the mania for speculation is to be
regretted, it has not as yet eaten up public virtue
in the Confederacy. A stranger to the streets of
Richmond would this morning be astonished could
he perceive the deep-seated heartiness and earnest-
ness of the joy with which the fast-coming telegrams
from General Bragg's army, each bringing greater
assurances of victory, are read and commented on
by the throngs of passers-by. The public heart was
far from:being satisfied with the telegram which I
mentioned in my letter of yesterday, but it requires
nothing to be added to the telegram of to-day,
which is in these words
"Ten miles south of Chattanooga, Sept. 21.
"The enemy retreated on Chattanooga last night, leaving
his dead and wounded in our hands. His loss is very large
in men, artillery, small arms, and colours. Ours is heavy
but not yet ascertained. The victory is complete, and our
cavalry is pursuing. With the blessing of God our troops
have accomplished great results against largely superior
numbers. We have to mourn the loss of many gallant
men and officers. B rigadier- General!, Preston- Smi th, Helm,
and Deshler are killed ; Major-General Hood and Brigadier-
Generals Adams, Gregg, and Brown wounded. T
..

-
" BRAXTON BRAGG."
Other telegrams have followed, indicating an amount
of demoralistition in the Federal forces which make
it doubtful whether Gen. Rosencranz can hold his
own at Chattanooga; and if he is driven from Chat-
tanooga, who can say how far he may not be forced
back ?

Already there is a confident conviction in this city
that the strong aggressive attitude which the forces
of Gen. Meade have lately worn in Virginia will
suffer immediate abatement and diminution.
Nothing has been more marked throughout this war
that the sympathy on both sides bstween the armies
fighting in the East and West, The policy of the
Federals at this moment should evidently be ag-
gressive. I may be mistaken, but 'the indica-
tions are that upon this attitude of aggression
they will not, after the battle of Chattanooga, ven-
ture to embark. It will be my endeavour to put
your readers hereafter in possession of fuller parti-
culars in regard to the great Western campaign of
this autumn, which would otherwise be little likely
ever to come to their knowledge. But it is not prema-
ture to say that there is a widespread apprehension
here that the victories of the 19th and 20th have,
among many other valuable lives, deprived the Con-
federacy of one General whose place it will be
almost as hard to fill as the place of Stone wall
Jackson. It will be remembered that at Gettys-
burg the services of General Hood were at an
early period lost to General Lee. General Hood
suffered greatly from a painful wound which broke
both bones of his left arm, and I was shocked re-
cently to observe how much he had been reduced by
his wound. But when the order to his division to
go to the West arrived, nothing could withstand
his impatience to accompany them, and with wound
only half healed, and against the advice of his
friends, he hurried out in company with General
Longstreet. Tidings have been received that in the
battle of Chattanooga one of his legs was carried off
by a cannon shot, and it is impossible to hope that
in his weakened condition he can recover from such
a wound. There have been men by dozens in the
war who have on both sides attracted more of the
public attention, but it is certain that no braver, no
more modest, no more faithful and self-sacrificing
soldier than General Hood.

Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by put.-
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stoftu.wnronnetgi.eousnytapalo;tditthuieinolisutacdkeelitcsi.ous imported. Agents in every
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This most desirabel
_ he complex composition and delicacy of the
disease, uniesa th human body are ever tending to produce
cious use of these blood be maintained in a pure state.
of regulating the gull"
8 object can be accomplished by a judi-
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Ycitig pills, which have:the power also
come flatulence, loss of II
h, liver, and bowels. These pills
and gentle aperients; they over-
and many other inconveltiee
tiitte, biliousness, constipation,
neglected for fear of worse reeessult
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pass all other medicines for allevisa.t* Holloway's pills sur-
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burn, head ache, nervousness, andinl!
spirits, which de-
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thousands who have
never tried these pills,

COLD IN CANADA.

I The following official correspondence has been
published at Quebec:—..
Department of Crown Lands, Quebec, Sept. 12, 1863.
Sir,—ln consequence of the extensive discoveries of
gold, which is alleged are now being made on the Chaudiere
and its tributaries, and the frequent applications to this
department for licences, &c., I am desirous of ascertaining
officially the truth of these reports, and also the circum-
stances under which these applications are being made,
with a view to the adoption of such new regulations as the
interests of the Crown and the development of the mineral
resources of that region may seem to require. You will,
therefore, visit the gold mining districts and report to me
the actual state of affairs. Your attention will be given
especially to reported indications of gold, and the position,
nature, and extent of the mining operations now going on,
whether in the seigniories or on the lands of the Crown.
! I remain, &c., Wxt. MACDOUGALL, Commis-
sioner of Crown Lands.
F. T. Judah, Esq., Clerk of Crown Domain, &c., Quebec.
Department of Crown Lands, Jesuits' Estates and
Crown Domain Branch, Quebec, Sept. 26, 1863.
Sir,-- I have the honour to state that, in conformity with
your instructions of the 12th inst., to visit and report on the
Chauditlre gold mining district, I left this city on the 14th,
on my way to the locality, and reached the village of St.
Joseph, on the banks of the Chaudiere, and in the seig-
niory of St. Joseph, on the evening of that day.
On the following morning I proceeded to the adjacent
parish of Francois, calling on the road at the residences of
two of the brothers Poulin, to whom I shall hereafter refer,
and passing the River des Piantes, which falls into the
Chaudiere from the east, arrived about noon at the river
called Touffe des Pins, or Gilbert, in the same parish of St.
Francois, seigniory of Rigaud Vaudreuill, where I under-
stood that gold mining operations were going on.
This last river, first called Touffe des Pins from the loca-
lity where it reaches the Chaudiere, has been re-named
Gilbert, after the person whose daughter first found gold
therein some 30 years ago. The old man Gilbert, now some
60 or 70 years of age, still lives near the mouth of the river
and I learned from his own lips a recital of the story :—lt
appears that the daughter, in leading a horse to water one
morning, found lying in the stream what she supposed to
be a yellow pebble of about the size of a pigeon's egg; her
father, anxious to learn what it was, gave it to some one
coming to Quebec, and the jewellers here pronounced it to be
gold. Old Gilbert parted with it for 40 doll., a sum appa-
rently much below its value. Encouraged by the discovery,
he made searches, and on several occasions found more gold,
but not any considerable amount. The seigniors of the seign-
iory, the Dr. Lery family, in consequence of these discove-
ries, and the indications which presented themselves, applied
for and obtained from Government, per letters patent of Sept.
18, 1846, an exclusive mining privilege for the precious
metals for ever within the limits of the seigniory in question,
subject to certain conditions, and among others, the payment
of a Royalty of 10 per cent on the gross produce,which con-
ditions it appears have never been complied with. It does
not seem that the seigniors evercarried on any considerable
operations themselves, and in 1851, they leased, subject to
a per centage, their rights over the whole seigniory to Dr.
James Douglas and others of Quebec. Dr. Douglas eventu-
ally became solely interested in this lease, and under it
ruining operations were carried on by him and others under
sub-leases, st different times and at more than one place, as
I will hereafter show, Dr. Douglas's lease expires Sept. 1,
1864, and was transferred in consideration of the sum of
3,000 dole., about the middle of July last, to a company com-
posed of Messrs. Hans, Hagens, and others, also of this city,
who are now mining on the Gilbert, as hereafter mentioned.
These last named parties have likewise leased from the
seigniors a further similar lease of 15 years, for which they
have agreed to pay 8,000 dole., 2,000 dole. of which have
been given in cash. Both of these leases are made expressly
without any guarantee on either part. The present opera •
tions on the Gilbert were brought about in the following
manner : —lt appears that one of the three brothers of the
name of Poulin, who have been for some years past engaged
in mining for themselves and others, with more or less suc-
cess, having discovered this mine last fall, imparted the in-
telligence to the other two brothers, and about the end of
May last they commenced operations ; the news having
spread others joined them, and there have been from seven
or eight to 100 or 150 men engaged ever since. Many left
from time to time to attend to their field duties, to be re-
placed by others.

When I visited the mine I should judge that there were
not over 100 men engaged altogether.
Having proceeded to the mine in question upon the river,
in the third range, east of the Chaudiere, called De Lery
Concession, and on lots Nos. 19, 20, 21, and 22, belonging
respectively to persons of the name of Rodrigues, Loubier,
Villieux, Grondin, and Poulin, I found extensive mining
operations for gold in progress. The river, which falls into
the Chandler about one mile and a half to the south, crosses
these lots, each three arpents wide, nearly at right angles.
The stream at high water is here about 15ft. or 20ft. wide,
but now, from the dryness of the season, is very inconsider-
able. On Foulin's lot (22), and Grondin's (21), no works are
in progress, and they are in no way occupied by the miners,
with the exc ,pt:on of a sluice which crosses part of the first,
where the river is dammed, and the whole of the latter, and
which serves to convey water for the operations carried on
by Messrs. Hagens and Co., who are prosecuting works on
Villieux's lot (20). Upon this lot the sluice terminates, and
it is here that the gravel and stone are washed, and the gold
extracted therefrom. The lower part of the sluice (which is
altogether about five arpents long, and some 18 inches wide,
and the same in depth), is fitted up with three false bottoms,
each 10ft. long, composed of strips of wood placed length-
wise with openings between; the gravel and stone being
thrown in from trenches dug at the sides of the sluice is
washed clean by the water, the fine sand and gravel and the
gold sinking in the openings, and the coarser stones being
raked out; once a day, in the evening, the bottoms are re-
moved, and the water being partially turned off, the sand
and gravel are carried away, and the gold remains behind,
the finest sand is caught in a pan at the foot of the sluice
and washed by hand, while care is taken to catch any gold
which may escape, by small pieces of wood placed across
the flume, which carries off the water at the end of the
sluice. The depth of water in the sluice is about two
inches, and the leakage from the dam is trifling. The fall
is about 10 feet in five arpents, and about 1 foot in 15 or 20
at the end of the sluice. Messrs. Hagens and Co. have
also in operation a long tom, the only one I saw in use
there, and which consists of a box or trough, in which the
gold is washed by water from the sluice. They are working
on shares, in partnership with two persons of the names of
Brock and Purceval, who receive one-half of the proceeds

On payment by them of the expenses. On my second visit
to the mine I saw, at 6 in the evening, the gold collected at
the foot of the sluice for that day, and it amounted to some
12 dols. or 15 dols.; but Mr. Purceval showed me the pro-

seeds of the day previous, among which were several large
pieces, am ,unting altoge.her to some 50 chi's., and he ad-
mitted that the average yield had exceeded 30 dole. per day.
I am disposed to believe that the average return may be a
good deal larger. Five men were employed ; wages 80
cents. per diem, without board, which, it must be ad-

witted, is a very moderate rate for gold-diggings. On
Lubier's lot, the north half of 19, nothing at all is now being
done ; a few pits have been sunk, in some cases to the depth
merely of three or four feet, and in others down to the bed
rock ; but the whole has been abandoned for the apparently
more lucrative workings on the adjoining lands. It is upon
Rodrigues' lot, the south half of 19, that the greatest extent
of work is going on ; pits have been sunk in every direction
in the bed and on the aides of the river, and miners are at
work by the dozens in excavating and washing. The exca-
vating is done by pick and shovel, and ►he earth and stone
is carried in pans or boxes to the edge of the river, where it

is washed in the cradles oz rockers. - From four to ten men
are engaged in each pit—one being employed in rocking, one
in supplying the water, and the others in digging and carry-

ing the gravel and stones to the cradle. The rocker or cradle
consists of a box about four feet long, 18 inches wide, and
one foot high, placed on rocker., one end being fitted up with
a movable bex of about six inches deep, fitted on the top of
the cradle, the bottom of which box is perforated with small
holes, the bottom of the cradle is also fitted up with a couple
of small cross .pieces to catch the fine sand and gold. The
stone and gravel being thrown into the box, the cradle, which
is slightly raised at the upper end, is set going, one man
constantly supplying water, and the small gravel and gold
being detached from the larger stones fall to the bottom,
the larger pieces of gold being extracted with the hand, and
the smaller ones washed out of the sand in a small pan in
the stream. N o washing is being done with a pan other
than that I have stated. The pits (called claims) sunk on
Rodrigues' lot, and being dug or worked, when I visited
the mine, number some couple of dozen, there being about
60 or 75 men engaged here altogether. To the depth of two
or three feet the surface is covered with a vegetable mould
or clay (earth), then follows a layer of gravel and sand, and
lastly a thickness of two or three feet of surface rock, con-
sisting of blue slate down to the bed rock, which is found
at about ten feet from the surface. It is in the gravel and
sand, and embedded in the slate, that the gold is found in
pieces and nuggets varying from the size of about a quarter
of a grain upwards, the largest piece yet found being 11 oz.
It is only when the washing and cleansing operation is
con'pleted that the gold is seen. It is represented to be
23 carats, but I think this is a mistake, for the finest which
has been discovered in the Chandiere district, submitted
to test, is 892-1,000, and no doubt the first named proper

don is a mere approximate calculation; the gold is, how-
ever, beautifully pure and clean and of a deep colour. The
indications of the quartz from which it has been detached
is visible in nearly every piece. The alloy is silver. I
saw no very fine or flour gold, nor was any visible with an
ordinary magnifying glass. Notwithstanding this, it may
still exist,but it must be in infinitesimal particles intermixed
with the fine sand, requiring the aid of quicksilver, of which
none is now being made use of at the mine, to collect it.
From May till the middle of July some of the miners paid
Dr. Douglas, the lessee from the seigniors as before-meu-
tioned, a percentage of their gross returns, that of the Pou •

line and Rodrigue, the owner of one of the lots where the
mining is going on, and whom the Poulins are in partner-
ship with, amounting alone to 600 dole. Messrs. Hagens and
Co., having taken possession under their lease, sublet or
sold claims to Nov. 1 nest to others, principally on Ro-
drigue's lot, ranging from 15(1 to 25it, sqllire, at prices ;riv•

ing about 4 dols. per foot front, parts of seeee of the largest
of these claims having again been resold by the pUrchasers
for as much in some instances as they originally paid for the
whole. Messrs. Hagens and Co. at first worked with pans
and cradles, but now they are operating exclusively with
the sluice I have referred to. A few days previous to my
visit to the mine Dr. Reed, of Quebec, had purchased the
Viellieux and Grondin lots for, I was informed, 300 dols.
each, and had placed men to work on one-third shares;
these had been notified to desist by Messrs. Hagens and Co.,
and such notice being di.regarded, the letter had sued out
process against them. Matters were in this state when I
left the mine. Though many, it was said, had been disap-
pointed, I think that for the most part the workings have
proved remunerative, for I did not see or hear myself
while I was there of any instance of dissatisfaction or dis-
appointment. The returns, of course, as in all such cases,
vary very much, giving in some instances not much over
2 dols. per day per man, and in others above 6 dols. on the
whole claim,' which takes usually from a week to a fortnight
to exhaust, according to the number of the men employed.
I will give a few instances :—Eight men, 15 days each, 40
dole.; total, 320 dols., or 2 dols. 66 cents. per man per
diem; four men, 15 days each, 100 dols,; total, 400 dols.,
or 6 dols. 66 cents. per man per diem.
On one of the occasions upon which I visited the mine
ten men had got out of one pit nearly 200 dole. on that day
alone, while on another claim three men had taken out 7
dole. 50 cents. the previous afternoon, and 1 del. 50 cents.
out of two pansful washed in thecradle the following morn-
ing. It is somewhat difficult to ascertain, with any degree
of certainty, during such a short visit as I made, the quan-
tity of gold which has been extracted from this river since
May. The Poulins and Rodrigue have met with the
greatest success, both by being the first in the field, and by
having the good fortune to select a rich location. One of
the Poulins admitted to me that the share of each of the
four had already exceeded 1,000 dole., and I am inclined to
think this amount an under estimate, for I heard that they
had owned to a larger sum, and I can see no reason why
they should seek to exaggerate. I myself saw at Rod-
rigue's house, on my second visit to the mine, upon my
return from the junction of the Du Loup and Chaudiere, a
large saucer nearly full of pure gold of the weight of about
51b., representing, at 18 dols. per ounce, which is the selling
price at the mine, 1,080 dole. This, Rodrigue told me, was
two-thirds of the gold which he and the Poulins had got
out of the claim they had bought from Hagens and Co. since
their purchase. In this saucer was a piece of about 51 oz.
worth nearly 100 dols., which had been found about two
weeks previous. Among other incidents I noticed a woman
who was working a claim with her husband; this woman
some time before had found a nugget worth from 80 dole, to
90 dole. As I have stated, it is very difficult for me
to form an accurate estimate of the amount altogether taken
out of the river since the spring, but, assuming that an aver-
age of 103 men have been employed per day for the last three
months, and that the gains of each have only reached 2
dole., the total result would give 18,000 dole, as the whole
gross produce of the diggings to this day ; but I think that,
while the total number of days' labour may be less than the
above, the average yield has been over the proportion I hate
stated in such a ratio as to give the same result, from which
I conclude that a quantity at least equal to 18,000 dole, has
been extracted so tar. At the same time, it is possible—
nay, probable—that much more has been taken out. The
Poulins and ktodrigus average above 10 dols. a day each,
but theirs is an exceptional case ; others, however, have
collected as much as they, but during a mere limited
period. It is as difficult to foretell how long these diggings
may continue to give such rich returns as it is to say the
exact quantity of gold yielded up till now ; but this I may
aver, that so far the supply does not seem to have fallen
off. Mr. Purceval, who has mined in California, told me
that the indications were exact y similar to those of one
of the mines he worked at there. Besides Mr. Pur-
ceval, I met with others who had been in California,
and gave the same opinion. I also saw and conversed
with several miners from Nova Scotia, but theirs are
mostly quartz mines. During my visit to the mine I could
not help being struck with the unsystematic and altogether
unsatisfactory manner of the works at present going on
there. The pits are being sunk in every conceivable posi-
tion, without regard to order or convenience. Instead of
arrangements being made by which those fronting on the
river could make use of the water in concert with those
who have obtained claims in rear, or the claims being made
narrower on the river and longer, so as to give the same
superficies by which a water frontage would be secured to
each, the miners working in rear of those who have secured
claims in front of their holdings have to carry their gravel
and stone some distance further down to the stream in
pans or boxes. This may be owing in part to the unsatis-
factory tenure of the holdings, each one being only anxious
to secure as much as he possibly can before the season is
brought to a close. The necessity of some well devised
licensed scheme is thus made most apparent. I also think
that sufficient care is not taken by the miners, and that
some of the gold is lost. This they will learn by experience,
as well as the introduction of those appliances which have
been made so usefully available in California, and which,
during high. water especially, could no doubt be turned to
good account with advantage here.
I left the mine at about 6 in the evening and proceeded a
short distance towards the mouth of the river, where I visited
another working about 40 arpents up the stream, where seven
Americans have been at work for a few days on a lot belong-
ing to the Gilbert before mentioned, being, I believe, No. 76
in the first range. They have dug a trench about Gil. deep
and lOtt, long at the side of the river, a little below where
Dr. Douglas mined some few years ego ; but, as they had
left their work for the day, I could not ascertain the result
of their operations. I heard, however, from Gilbert that
they Lad not as yet obtained much gold. I then proceeded
off to the junction of the Du Loup and Chaudiere, where I
passed the evening.
The next morning I visited the location of the Du Loup,
where it unites with the Chaudiere, and in the Fief St.
Charles, seigniory of Aubin de l'lsle, which was worked
for some years by Mr. James Logan and others, under the
licence promised by the Government to Mr. Oatey in 1851.
The licensees, hexing got into difficulties with the owners of
the lot (one Craig), gave up operations, which were after-
wards resumed by a company from Napanee, who worked
for three years, and finally also abandoned it, the land pur-
chased by them from Craig having been sold at the suit of
the latter by the Sheriff for non-payment of the balance of
the purchase price, and bought in by Mr. Child., notary, of
Quebec, in Craig's interest. The location is now unworked.
'1 he parties acting under Oatey's licence furnished returns to
the department, and covered, I understand, their expenses.
Cho Napanee Company proceeded without authority from
the Crown, and never furnished any returns ; they sunk a
shaft on the bank of the river, and as far as I could learn,
were not very successful. I did not see or hear of any fur-
ther mining operations having been undertaken beyond
this point. The St. Lawrence Mining Company, incorpo-
rated by act of Parliament, own land, it is said, for mining
purposes in the township of Jersey on the rivers Du Loup,
Metgermette, and Portage, but have not yet worked any
mines thereon. I next visited the falls on the Chaudiere,
two or three miles above the junction, and in the townships
of Jersey and Shanley, but as no mining operations were
going on beyond, I here retraced my steps homeward.
On my return I passed. the Famine, which was worked
for some time by Dr. Douglas, under the De Lery patent,
and in the afternoon again visited the mine on the upper
part of the Gilbert, and left the following day on my way
to Quebec.

At one of the Poulin's I saw nine pieces of gold found in
the Chaudiere. the Plantes, the Gilbert, and the Famine.
These pieces varied from a couple of dwts. to li oz. each. I
noticed that that got from the Chaudiere was of a much
lighter colour than that of the Gilbert, containing most
likely a larger quantity of silver alloy.
I learnt that previous to this year Dr. Douglas had worked
on the Plantes, the Gilbert, and the Famine, and that in
one season he had obtained a considerable sum out of the
Plantes. The gold found in this last mentioned river is smaller
than that of the Gilbert, the largest piece got out of it hav-
ing been of the value of 30 dole, but it has not been worked
very far up.
The Mr. Brock before mentioned also worked with others
at the Chaudiere last year, under a lease from Dr. Douglas.
A vein of quartz crosses across theChaudiere,at the Devil's
Rapids, in St. Frangois, a little below the Gilbert, and is
seed on the hill on the main road. I also saw quartz crop-
ping out in several places. Some of the quartz, lam told,
has been tested, and contains gold.
No quartz mining operations have yet been undertaken
anywhere, sufficient indications not having presented them-
selves, and the mining has so far been confined exclusively
to alluvial diggings; but explorers, of whom I met more
than one, are now out in numbers, and the existence or not
of gold in the quartz state, in situ, in sufficient quantities to
pay for working, will now, no doubt, soon be established.
All the mining operations have also so far taken place in
the seigniories, nothing having been done, as far as I could
learn, on the Crown lands.

The country through which I travelled along the banks
of the Chaudiere consists of rich alluvial flats, gradually
rising from the river to a distance in some places of as much
as 30 to 40 arpents, with hills and plateau of cultivated land
in rear, well and continuously settled as far as I went to the
forks of the Du Loup and Chaudiere. The lots on the De
Lery range of Rigaud Vandreuil, where the mining on the
Gibert is going on, being the third from the river, are un-
improved, but the first two ranges are all cleared and culti-
vated.

I cannot conclude this report without bearing testimony
to the quiet and good order existing at the Gilbert mine.
The mines consist principally of French Canadian habitans
from the adjoining parishes, with a few persons from Quebec
and elsewhere, and at neither of my visits did I hear a
wor, spoken in anger.
I have the honour to be, Sir, your obedient servant,
F. T. JUDAH, Clerk Crown Domains, &c.
The Hon. W. WDougall, Commissioner of Crown
Lands, &c., Quebec.

The funeral of the late. Staff-Surg. Major Bray-
brooke, Military Train, took place yesterday at
Woolwich, with fall military honours, and was
attended in procession by about 500 officers and
men consisting of detachments of various corps, and
the officers commanding brigades and division. Dr.
Braybrooke died suddenly at his family residence
in

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.—On Monday night there steamed into
Gel Way Bay a very large ship, with some goods on
board, about 8300 steerage passengers, and a select
party in the cabin. Under The protection of the Isles
of Arran, thirty miles off, and favoured by wind
and tide, the ship steamed up to an anchorage on
the safe side of a small island, on which stand a
lighthouse and a baitzry, and thence, by Means of a
steam tender, communicated with the Port of Gal-
way. No demist the whole towti was roused from
sleep to welcome the stranger. Four hundred new
passengers, with their bones and belongings, were
carried on board by the indefatigable tender. Last
of all, amid universal excitement, everybody stand-
ing at his shop door and ready to cheer at the
smallest provocation, one of Bianconi's coashes
drove down, loaded inside and out with large white
sacks of letters. The policemen formed a line on the
quays, already barricaded to keep off the shoeless
and stockingless natives; the mail sacks were put
on board the tender, and thence in a quarter of
an hour put on board the Adriatic, which at half-
past 2 on Tuesday afternoon steamed down the bay
on her course across the Atlantic. Besides the 400
steerage passengers and the 23 sacks of letters, she
took in at Galway two puncheons of whisky and
the latest telegrams. As to the puncheons, no doubt
they are very pleasant compagnons de voyage. The
latest telegrams we must presume to represent the
state of the London markets that morning, end,
therefore, one day later than any news carried by a
rival steamer from Liverpool in the same longitude.
The letters we will say nothing about, for, till the
Galway steamers start to the hour, all letters in-
tended for them will be liable to serious delays in
the Galway post-office. We suspect that they were
letters that could easily wait a day cr two. It is
only on the most favourable supposition that we can
conceive it at all worth the while of a steamer start-
ing from the Mersey, and getting safe into the open
sea, to retrace its course off the worst coast in the
whole world and steam up a deep bay into the heart
of Ireland. As for goods traffic, that was suitably
and abundantly represented by the two puncheons
of whisky. The famous bay of Galway, like all
the bays of that shore, is as beautiful as nature can
make it; but commerce can scarcely be said to have
yet furrowed its fair face. Nothing cares to avail itself
of the much-boasted protection of the Isles of Arran.
There is no part of the neighbouring seas where you
could have long range practice with the most fabul-
ous guns, across the bay, or up or down, with more
certainty of doing no mischief. Except a small
boat, or an occasional " hooker" from the opposite
shore, there is not a sail to be seen. Half the town
is in ruins; pity compels us to be silent as to
the prospects of the monster Railway Hotel. The
place, of course, is full of institutions, as all Irish
towns are : indeed, it threatens to be all institutions,
and nothing else. Workhouses, barracks, police-
station, court-house, churches and chapels, monas-
teries and convents of a dczen different orders, the
Queen's College, the model farm, a dozen sehoths,
the splendid group of the station and hotel, the
club-house, and twenty other public buildings,which
it is impossible to recall, constitute the head of a
community, the body of which consists of a thou-
sand fishermen's huts and some suburbs of thatched
or unt hatched hovels. There is nothing to sell but
fish, and the free Parliament of Claddagh steadily
resist not only trawling, but every plan whatever
for joining the deep-sea fishery to the miserably pre-
carious produce of the bay. What they do with the
fish we know not, but we doubt whether they send
it to Englano ; they don't send it to America. In
all this we le not see even the beginning of trade.
Most of these institutions prey on the resources of a
country and do little to develope them. Whether
the " religious" are consistent or not in their own
renunciation of the world, they are very apt to pre-
vent others from making the best of it. But putting
out of the question thet desolate waste of waters,
that strange old mediaeval city, its still stranger
suburbs, the twenty-three sacks of letters, the
twenty-eight cabin passengers, the latest telegrams,
and the two puncheons of whisky, out and out, be-
yond all comparison, the most important article in
that departure from Galway Bay were the seven
hundred steerage passengers. They were robust,
healthy, young people ; very few of thems. married ;
what people used to call the " sinew and bone" of a
country. Though "A Magistrate," in his statistics,
set down to the national loss the few pounds in the
pockets of these poor people, we are inclined to sus-
pect that most of them have been enabled to emi-
grate by remittances from their relations in America,
and that every one of them will assist others in like
fashion. There never was a feeling so universal,
so deep seated, so prevailing over considerations
usually supposed to be all powerful, as that which
has turned the face of every Irish man, woman,
and child towards America. There is not one
who will not go if he can. They ate only waiting
on fortune, or their turn in " the list" of some now
American relative, he it first, fifth, tenth, or twen-
tieth in that lust. This is a feet which overrides
every other Irish question. The current, in every
town and village, every street, every family, every
breast, has set in, and it is beyond the power of
Governments, of laws, of priests, or politicians to
do more than just lash and disturb the great tide
of emigration. The Federal Government will have
them and must have them. It will offer any terms,
even greater than those it now offers; but men it
must have, whether directly for the war, or for the
gap it leaves in all branches of labour. But there
is scarcely a cottage in the West of Ireland where
the promise of the family, the elder sons and
daughters—their voices and their features still
fresh in memory as young and old gather round
the turf fire—are not in some far Western State.
sending home their hearts' best wishes for the re
union of the circle. The passage to the New
World, once so formidable, has long been divested
of any speculative quality or imaginative hue. It
is not more than a voyage to Liverpool or London
Indeed, Ireland is much more American, and
America much more Irish. than English people
are apt to conceive. 'the great majority of the
white population of the United States are of Irish
descent. It is the Irish element which has long I
governed the politics of the Union. So like is
now flowing to like, and kin to kin, with an
irresistible affinity. While writers at home ate
angrily debating what is to be done with the
Irish, they are fast settling the question for them-
telves by a universal departure. But this
throws a new and singular light on the Atlantic
Royal Mail Company. If the British Govern-
ment said to the Irish,—" We are sick of you ;
we can do nothing with you : we would rather
have Ireland without you; so the Great Eastern
and a few other big ships will call once a-
week ,1
at Galway, or Queenstown, and take
5,000 of you at a time to New York," the
t hing
to
proceeding would be thought most startling and
equivocal.
The Confederates would have some-
say to it ; so too would Irish land-
lords and English taxpayers; so too would the
priests ; so too would even our economists and
philanthropists. We know of no party that would
have a right to be satisfied, except a very few Irish
proprietors, who are perfectly sure that the land is
good for nothing but breeding horses and grazing
small cattle. In the end we suspect that every
British interest would be injured by such a course,
were it possible or conceivable. But, in matter of
fact, this is just what we are doing. On a ridiculous
pretence of a few bags of letters and the latest tele-
grams, both of which will be always anticipated,
we are subsidizing a big ship to put into Galway,
and carry off, every time, in effect to a foreign
country, the better part of a thousand young and
healthy British subjects, never to see Ireland again.
In the scale of war the living freight of the Adri-
atic is worth far more than the ships lately seized in
the Mersey. Even that, however, is a trifling con-
sideration compared to the incalculable results to
this country,—to England, to Ireland itself, to the
whole Empire, to its domestic operations and its
foreign policy. There are those who rejoice in this
exodus. We wish it God-speed ! but on all the
principles of social and political philosophy it must
be considered a misfortune. Grant that it cannot
be helped; grant that it avetts or postpones some
immediate annoyances; grant that, as we really
don't know what to do with the people,they are wel-
come to take care of themselves and dispose of
themselves in what way they please; but that is
only the case of an unmanageable son, which is a
misfortune, even when the cause of our grief re-
lieves us from further anxieties. Who will not
reproach himself when this is the conclusion of a
long embarrassment ? "We have not been able
to manage this child of ours. It is betaking itself
to America. Well, we shall have less trouble for
the future." If we could grow old and apathetic,
we should, in a dull way, be all the more comfortable
for it; but not if we retain our youthful sympathies.

P sT. T
budget, when rightly un-
derstood,
presents
almost all respects a highly
satisfactory financial
statement. Unfortunately,
heTurkish
n
ortant errors have.at crept into the tele-
graphic of the figures t have just been
pocn Nvhonstantinople. Thus tt total
somevervyeirmsiesti-
mated revenuepublished at: Constantinople.
for 1863 64 is stated
at 3,000,000
purses, while that for the year 1862-63 is stated at
g 300,000 purses. In this manner there appears to
be, on the face of the statement, a decrease of re-
venue in the estimate of the coming year by about
10 per cent. This is simply an arithmetical error;
for those who will take the trouble to add up for
themselves all the figures of revenue in detail. for
each of the two years, will perceive that the diffe-
renew in relative amount is just the other way. An
accurate addition cf the two rows of figures evinces
that the estimated revenue for 1863-64 is greater
than the revenue for 1862 63 by not less than
400,000 purses. This makes a differencr of as much
70;),0(10 purica in the relation of the (