The Sun.
London, England, 1839-04-04 00:00:00

11 IS Majesty the EMPEROR of AUSTRIA,
His Mrijsty the EMPEROR of RUSSIA,
i And His 3lajesty the KING of PRUSSIA,
. having AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several Dis-
iriltutions..of Money, which (though they are NO LOT-
TERIES, offer a great many possibilities of obtaining
LARGE FORTUNES.
HEINE BROTHERS at HAMBURGH, and
'HEINE BROTHERS at LUBECK,
are NOW SELLING SHARES for any of the said DIS-
TRIBUTIONS of MONEY, at various prices. The Dis-
tributions contain various portions, partly of most considerable
amounts. Persons desirous to purchase may receive PRE-
VIOUS to giving any order, the Prospectus and Particulars,
upon addressing, WaHOUT DELAY, a line to
HEINE BROTHERS at HAMBURGN.
P.S. THE NEXT AUSTRIAN DISTRIBUTION
CONTAINS PORTIONS OF
4,000/., 7,5001., and 30,0001.
The Distributing Day being so very near, we are on the eve
of a considerable Rise in Price, and NO TIME IS TO BE
LOST for those desirous to become Shareholders for this next
Distribtvion.

THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN.
THIS EVENING, Artit 4,
Will be performed the New Play, in Five Acts, called
RICHELIEU, OR THE CONSPIRACY,
Written by Sir E. Lytton Bulwer, Bart.
The Characters by
Mr. Elton, Mr. Diddear, Mr. Macready, Mr. Warde, Mr. sin-
ders•o, Mr. Vining. Mr. Roberts, Mr. Phelps, Mr. G. Ben-
nett, Mr. Howe, .Miss E. Phillips, Mr. Tilbury, Mr. Yar.
!told, Mr. W. L. Payne, Mr. C. J. Smith, .Mr. Bender.
Mr. Paulo, Mr. Gough, Mr. Thorne, Mr. Brady, Mr. Bur-
det, Mr. Smith, Mr. Kirke, Mr. Hollingsworth, Mr. Wal-
dron, Mr. Aylitre, Mr. Andrews, Mr. T. Matthews, Miss
Helen Faucit, Miss Charles, Mesdames Reed, Corder, Lee,
Valandulce, Mathews, Mew, and Morgan.
After which will be revived the Grand Dramatic Romance, of
LODOISKA.
To-Morrow, Richelieu, with Lodoiska, and Chaos is Come
Again

on,
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x-4-..sorrita

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LONDON :
THURSDAY, APRIL 4, 1839.

1 Our paper contains a Report copied from a Tory
journal, of the Chartists of Edinburgh having
i invaded the room at which the leading Whigs of
Ithat city had assembled under the auspices of the
1 LORD PROVOST, to take measures to support her
Majesty's Ministers ; and after having defeated
• them, they proceeded to carry very strong resolutions
against the Ministers, and adopted an address
to her MAJESTY to remove diem from office.
IThe LORD PROVOST and his friends afterwards
as:es:Wed in a private apartment, and passed the
resolutions they had intended to submit to the
ineetine. We quite agree with both the Edin-
i burgh ~ papers of Tuesday which have reached
I us, that this is very extraordinary, be-
crise, as the Tory Adverascr says—
E&natirgh is confessedly the great stronghold of
the Nl'ligs, and because as the Liberal Obsemer
says, the men who were defeated on Monday,
were seven years ago the cherished leaders of their
present opponents. But we regard it as still more
extraordinary from knowing that till a very recent
period the bulk of the inhabitants of Edin-
burgh were not much accustomed to take part
in political meetings, and till the era of Reform
were hardly known to meddle with politics. The
education they then received has speedily raised
them into importance, and now they have beaten
their instructors. This circumstance is the more
' remarkable, because there are no large manufactories
1
in Edinburgh, no loose independent population,
the bulk of whom are well-hehaved and connected
with the opulent classes. There was, in fact, no
, rioting at the meeting, and no violence, though
Ithere was .much contention, and the parties who
drove off the LORD PROVOST, Sir J. GIBSON
CRAIG, and Sir THOMAS DICK LAUDER, were
immediately ready to take their places, and to move
resolutions to carry their own objects into effect.
They were therefore persons somewhat versed in
. public meetings, tolerably good speakers, and be-
' a
Inneine to the educated classes. Undoubtedly,
therefore, they speak the sentiments of a considera-
ble portion of the respectable, if not the opulent,
and leading classes of Edinburgh.
At the same time a very few persons well organ-
ized may suffice to disturb a meeting. and prevent
it from carrying its object into effect. If the Whigs
are strene at Edinburgh, the Tories are cunning,
and they probgil!v bullied the Chartists to attain
li their object. Malting allowance for these circum-
stances, and believing that the public defeat will
not dimimish one jot the support which the Minis-
-1 ters are likely to receive from the opulent classes of
lEdinburgh, we cannot but regard the termination
lof the meeting as a very instructive event.
The Tories will say that it is a judgment on the
Whigs who agitated the people to obtain reform,
and who now find that they will not be put aside
i by unperformed promises. The Whigs, it must be
admitted, then appealed to the masses, and
by no other -means could they have saved
the country from revolution. Deep-rooted
discontent had then taken possession of the people,
aed it must be stated that it was well formed. A
more patient, long-suffering, ill-treated people do
not exist, than the half-starved, and over-worked,
skilful and ingenious inhabitants of this Island.
Continual discussion in Parliament and in the
Press, had generated a general, we may say, a uni-
versal conviction that the laws of the country
were a great jumble of ill-contr:ved measures, in-
i tended, under a transparent mask of patriotism, to
promote the selfish purposes of those who made
them. Confidence in our Constitution was amaz-
ingly weakened ; respect for authority was almost at
an end, and what the Whigs in effect did was
to place themselves at the head of the masses
and guide them from the threatened revolu-
tion to hope for and to acquiesce in Reform.
It cannot be concealed that Reform has disap-
pointed the people, that it has failed to relieve
them of any of their burdens, and has neither
added to our internal tranquillity nor to our secu-
rity against foreign invasion ; and while their
conviction of the nature of our laws has re-
mained unaltered, their confidence in our in-
stitutions has been almost destroyed, and re-
spect—habitual or heartfelt respect—for autho-
rity is at end. There is not the stirring example
of a Revolution in another country to kindle en-
thusiasm ; the reflecting middle classes are startled
iat the bold doctrines and encroachments of the
lower classes, but in other respects the condition
lof the public mind is the same nearly as in
1830, aggravated by the deep and subsequent dis-
appointments. In short, we are threatened now as we
were then with great and undefined changes, which,
qf then postponed, and made perhaps more quiet,
were made more certain by the means which were
taken to master, control, and put a stop to them.
The Tories must not fancy that they could have
play.cd the important game better than the Whigs.
In the present state of society they can no more ad-
minister our affairs without appealing to the people,
Than the 'Whigs could. In fact they continually ap-
peal to them now, and always have appealed tothem.
The only difference we see between the statesmen
of different 1 arties is, that the Tories always ap-
peal to some old prejudices, some bye gone passion,
some wool out partialities, which linger longest in
the lowest places, and their auxiliaries have accord-
ingly been in general the unreflecting mob. The
Whigs always have some apparently rational motive
to justify the support they ask, and al-
ays appeal to reflection. The well in-
formed Chartists are not with the Tories;
though, perhaps, the paupers are. On the in-
dustrious, intelligent workmen they place no re-
liance ; they look to the peasantry, enfeebled both
in body and mind, and their rallying cry is the New
Door-law. Whether the paupers will ever rise up
against them, feeling themselves disappointed, is hard
to say, but, they are not behind the Whigs in appeal-
ii} a to the peop•e ; and both, under the influence of
a pwpaole necessity, have been compelled to contri-
bute to the political education and power of the
asople, which is now become hostile to both their
syste ups.

• ;.V,: have never regarded the Chartists as a
,r, 'v to be despised, though we have disapproved
tilt ;:vls, of the 4..bjects they have in view.
-..
' "17: they have achie. ed in Finsbury, at
irlovogliain, Manchester, and Edmburgh, and
6.e still greater number of public meetings they
i:;tve prevented from being held, are convincing
Pr.u:irs that they can arrest the progress of our
,Ical machine, which
ion h is only to be kept in mo-
y public opinion, if they cannot impel it
' i -I
! ~ , kir own ditection Our country cannot be
_,!ot erred, as we have more than once said, by force,
a.l whoever, he,at, the head of public affairs must
. : to puoite opinion. The Chartists, whatever
titcir crotchets, form a large part of the
iil.4
-,; , ,'',l and they are glowing 'in influence: We , . • +.

see them operating all over the kingdom, under
an organization which is nearly unexampled.
They cannot be put down, and must be con-
sidered. Concession in time might have turned
them aside, or disbanded them ; the declared
opposition to all further reform has exasperated
them, and confirmed their opposition. The
first object of their hostility is the Ministry,
because they have declined to reform the Reform
Act ; but the permanent object of their hostility is
the law itself. One of the reproaches of Mr. PEDDLE
was, that the Ministers had refused the prayer
or the people of Edinburgh for the repeal of
the Corn-law, but the Ministers only forbore to
lend that all-important motion the sanction of
the Cabinet. Again, then, we find the law
is the real object of the aversion of the people,
though it ba directed against the Ministers,
because they had not the power or the will
to amend the law. Already, therefore, both
the Ministers and the Parliament must be con-
vinced that the refusal to abolish the Corn-laws
is endangering the Government and threatens the
Constitution itself.

In another part of The Sun will be found an
extract from the Manchester Times, describing the
departure of a body of mechanics from Manchester
for Amiens. It seems that spinners and piecers
now go abroad as well as engineers and millwrights.
The journal properly refers to the present facility of
transport, by which persons can reach Ghent or Os-
tend from -Manchester, with as little expense and in
less time than they could London 20 years ago, as one
of the circumstances which promotes the expatria-
tion of our most useful hands. To this might be
added, that the general disposition of our gentry to
travel, in which they are imitated by many per-
sons, has gone a long way to familiarise
our people with foreign habits and manners,
to introduce amongst us a knowledge of foreign
languages, and break down - the moral barrier
which kept our people at home. In one great
country the language and manners are the same as
those of our own country, and thither our people, par-
ticularly our seamen, can repair, with quite as much
ease as they can go from Liverpool to London. But
these are circumstances which our landowning law-
makers are very likely to overlook. They are not
engrossed in the statute book. They, however, all
tend to place this country on the same level, in all
things, as other countries ; and the Legislature will
find it impossible to preserve a different level for the
price of wheat. Either by our people going abroad
to consume the cheaper food there, giving the profit
of their skill and their labour to another country,
and so raising the price of food there to its price
here ; or by our people being starved down
to the continental price, at which alone they
will be able to compete with continental manu-
facturers, the price of food must be equalized
here and abroad. Nothing can stop that pro-
cess, unless all the physical and moral im-
pediments to communication which have been
overcome could be restored, and England could be
walled off from the rest of the world. The
only question, therefore, which the Legislature
ought to have considered was, whether we
are to be starved down to continental prices, or
a free importation of wheat shall at once place them
on a level. Unfortunately for the nation, the land-
owners decided that the process of starvation shall
he persisted in.

During the greator part of the last week it was

whispersd in the political salons of Paris, that the
King; in negociating the for...atiou of a Cabinet,
did not concealfron. the leaders of the Coalition a
determination which he had formed, rather to abdi-
cate than to abandon the political system which he
has hitherto pursued. How M. THIERS and his
friends understood this hint is not known to us ;
the ex-Minister could not ask it to be made in
writing, as he did the royal offers of a
Premiership and an e.nbassy ; and as he could
not, in the Chambers, plead the possibility of
such a calamity as a justification of his accept-
ance of office under any terms, it is reasonable to
infer that he pretended not to hear it. But as the
leaders of the Coalition refused to abate a jot of
their pretensions, and as the King grew more.'
earnest in the repetition of this threat, the Depu-
ties began to discuss it among themselves, not only,.
as a possible, but as a probable and desirable
occurrence. The King's indiscretion removed from
an otherwise unapproachable subject the rampart of
treason ; and to our no small surprise we find in
the Commerce. of Monday evening, two articles, the
one calling attention to the marked imbecility of
the Royal Councils since the death of TALLEY-

I RAND, who is presumed to have supplied the saga-
city attributed to the King ; and the other an-
nouncing in plain terms that secret delibera-
tions have been taken in high quarters respect-
ing the necessity of regenerating an exhausted
system of policy, and of allowing the reins
of Government to pass into younger and more
efficient hands. This_ question, of such moment
to France, to the members of the reigning dynasty,
and to Europe, is reported to have been long agi-
tated in the deliberations between the King and
his sister Madame ADELAIDE, whose influence
over the mind of her brother is unbounded. From

the Royal closet it found its way to the salons Of
the Ministers in expectancy, thence to the Bourse,
and thence to the public Journals. At a large party
at the house of M. LAFITTE, on Sunday even-
ing, composed principally of the members of
the left and left centre, a Deputy actually pro-
posed for discussion the question of the King's
abdication, when it was almost unanimously ad-
mitted that a worse calamity could happen to the
country ! This was admitting a great deal under
such circumstances. But some of the Deputies
did even more. They ventured to call in question
the Duke of ORLEAN'S right to fill a throne va-
cated by his father, and the principle upon which
they founded their objection to a regular succession
was not contested. These are significant intima-
tions, and in the event of an appeal to the Cham-
bers by the King, may lead to important results.
As regards the King personally, nothing could
be more unfortunate than his mixing himself up
with intrigues which have terminated so disgrace-
fully. This is the language of the Courier
Francais, a well-informed moderate paper. " The
fact is," says that journal, " the Court has been de-
feated by its own duplicity. lts aim was to set
aside M. THIERS ; but in directing all its efforts
against this one man, it has given him an import-
ance beyond all proportion. It is not the liberals
who have given this importance to M. TITTERS ; it
is the Court journals which have described the
crisis as a political duel between the King and M.
THlERS—which has stigmatized him as a dictator
—and which has given utterance to the culpable
and absurd expression, " the dynasty of M.
THIERS." The worst satire upon Louis
PHILLIPPE is, that nothing is So fortunate for
a candidate for public favour as to have
it known that he includes the Sovereign among
his personal enemies. His friendship all but
ruined TITTERS ; but since he has declared against
him, the ex-Premier has risen to a height of great-
ness which does not rationally allow his viewing the
Crown itself as an object of ambition. In a few
days, however, the mysterious curtain will be raised,
and from the first act we may be able to tell whe-
ther the Royal performance will terminate as a
tragedy or a farce.

King Louts PHILIPPE'S ad interim Cabinet
is the laughing stock of France ; and this circum-
stance, should the prevailing distress not force
upon the people more serious thoughts, may pre-
vent movements which might terminate in a new
revolution. The Chamber meet this day (Thurs-
day), but the Session will not regularly commence
before to-morrow. According to a statement in
the Journals of Tuesday the Chambers will be
opened by Commission, the King baying decided
that the abandonment of his plan of personally
appealing to the Chambers against the Coalition
was requisite to the maintenance of his Royal dig-
nity. We copy from Tuesday's Journals the va-
rious opinions of the French Press respecting the
new Cabinet :

THE MINISTRY.
(From the Commerce.)
We cannot, unfortunately, point out the manifold incon-
venience of the quasi Ministry, but we must just have a
look at the individuals composing this Cabinet.
The Duke of Montebello is unquestionably the most un-
popular man in France, and is deservedly so, as he is un-
doubtedly the representative of Austrian interests, It was
he who in 1836 placed our diplomacy at M. Metternich's
service, and brought on a quarrel between France and
Switzerland, which M. Mole himself declared to have
been the result of Austrian intrigues. It was be
who in the year 1838 widened the breach between
M. Mole and the Helvetic Government, and im-
plored succours from the Holy Alliance, and the interven-