The Sun.
London, England, 1863-09-26 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER :26, 1863.

bright days. The assertion of Mr. MARSH that
when the officers arrived in ACKWORTH'S field,
a great part of the work remained to do, and
some of the hay could not be fit for carrying in
less than two days, is rather against himself than
otherwise, since it was consequently all the more
necessary to secure every fine day. There is no
doubt that the magistrates acted from good
motives ; the pity is that good motives so often pro-
duce unwise and mischievous actions. The general
feeling of the vicinity is certainly against the ma-
gistrates, and every such case which stirs up
popular excitement, which makes religion and law
appear the oppressors instead of the protectors of
the people, is a great disadvantage. There are always
plenty of fluent declaimers ready to comment on
the inconsistencies of precept and practice among
the upper classes, and they can point their moral
with an illustration like this—what contemptuous
wrath will be called forth against the magistrates
driving to church, and the parson's hot dinner on a
Sunday. It has been generally accepted as the
sound and first principle of English legislation,
that it is wrong end foolish to attempt to coerce men
in matters of opinion, but the recent proceedings of
the Atherton magistrates and their present defence
are entirely in opposition to this axiom. The whole
affair is much to be regretted, and it is to be hoped
that it is the last case of the kind which we shall
hear. At the same time, if public opinion exercises
its vast influence in resisting the very shadow of
religious or legal oppression, it has also a right to
insist that its interference is not abused, and that
those who find it necessary to employ Sunday
labour should for the future guard against those
arrangements of which respectable men have a
right to complain, and which convert the extra
and exceptional working day into an unseemly and
riotous holiday.

The King of HOLLAND'S speech on the opening
of the Session seems to be a most satisfactory affair.
It embraces in its extended range many points of
interest, and altogether forms a marked contrast in
its tone and style to the addresses and discourses of
many other Sovereigns. In many respects the
KING announces a state of things that seem too
good to be true. Thus we learn that friendly rela-
tions are maintained with other Powers, a treaty
has been arranged with Belgium, and the land and
sea forces at home and abroad are in a state of great
efficiency; a projet de loi will be submitted to the
Etats on the subject of the defence of the country.
For this purpose the National Guard is to be now
organised. Among other improvements, railways
in Java are expected to spread prosperity among
the natives. This will doubtless be the case, since
that species of undertaking, more than any other,
seems to contribute to the general welfare and well-
being of the community among whom they are in-
troduced. The slave population in the Western
possessions, it is said, attribute a great impor-
tance to their freedom. This is very satisfac-
tory intelligence, and it would be well if
many others were induced to follow so good
an example, and to confer the inestimable
boon of liberty upon their slaves. The result could
not fail to be otherwise than agreeable and benefi-
cial to all concerned in the transaction. In propor-
tion to the increase of the population of the king-
dom, it is intended to increase the number of deputies
to the second chamber of the Etats Generaux. The
fiscal affairs appear as flourishing as home matters
are satisfactory, and foreign relations tranquil.
Thus it is not proposed to put on any new taxes,
for the expenses will be so arranged as to preclude
the necessity for such an unwelcome imposition.
Altogether the KING may be congratulated on hav •
ing so pleasing a discourse to utter, and the depu-
ties on having such delightful intelligence to hear.
Holland may well be cited as an example to States
with much more power, and possessed of ten times
her resources. The happiest countries are not
always the most potent.

ENGLISH FARCES TRANSLATED INTO GERMAN.
—Three new numbers of " The Modern English Comic
Theatre,with notes in German by Dr. A. Diezmann," have
just appeared at Leipzig. No. 65 contains Hancock's
" John Smith;" No. 67 " Paul Pry;" and No. 68 Poole's
" Turning the Tables,"

PRODUCTION OF GOLD IN MEXICO from 1690 to
our days.—ln 1690 the Mexican Mint issued piastres for
five millions; in 1700 for seven millions; from 1700 to
1800, the quantity of gold coined increased progressively
every year, and reached the figure of twenty-five millions.
It then decreased—in 1810 it was reduced to seventeen mil •
lions; in 1817 it had fallen to half a million in all. It rose
again, in 1852, to two and a half millions, and in 1860 to
nearly four—that is, less than in 1690.
AN INSTRUMENT FOR ASCERTAINING THE HEIGHT
OF A CLOUD, DESCRIBED BY PROF. CHEYALLIER.—
This little instrument consisted of two jointed rulers, gra-
duated from the centre of the joint, and one of them fur-
nished with an upright sliding piece, with an opening to
allow the sun's light to pass, the edge of which is at a
known distance by the scale from the ruler on which the
piece slides. If, then, the distance in miles or yards at
which the shadow of a cloud is cast upon the earth be known,
by laying one branch of the ruler towards the shadow of
the cloud and the other in the direction of the vertical line
from the part of the cloud which casts the shadow directly
on the earth beneath the cloud, and then moving the slid-
ing-piece along this latter branch of the ruler until the
shadow of the edge of the opening just reaches the middle
of the rod laid in the direction of the shadow of the cloud,
you have on the ruler and the sliUng-piece an exact repre-
sentation in miniature of the actual circumstances of the
cloud, and a simple rule-of-three calculation gives the ver-
tical height of the cloud above the earth. Thus,' multiply
the distance of the shadow of the cloud (supposed to be
known) by the:height of the sliding•piece and divide by the
distance of the shadow of the sliding-piece from the angle
of the rulers, and the quotient is the height of the cloud re-
quired."

TEARING Ur OF THE TREATIES OF 1815 !—lt has
been noticed just now, as a symptom of the growing
boldness of French journalism in handling delicate subjects
that M. Emile de Girardin has not scrupled to reply thus
vigorously to the ridiculous accusation recently brought
forward in La France against Russia, to the effect that she
(Russia) had just now torn up the Treaties of 1815 ;---“it
is a long time that the Treaties of 1815 have ceased to exist ;
they were trampled under foot in 1852, when Prince Louis
Napoleon Bonaparte ascended the Imperial Throne, under
the style of Napoleon 111., Emperor of the French, thereby
describing himself the successor of Napoleon I. and Napo-
leon 11., thus tearing up Art. 2 of the treaty of alliance of
Nov. 20, 1815; they ceased to exist when Austria made
over to Franco in 1859 the duchy of Milan (specified in
Art. 93), and subsequently transferred to Piedmont; they
ceased to exist when the Duke of Modena lost his duchies
of Modena, Reggio, Mirandola, Massa-Carrara, and Guas-
talla, duly noted in Art. 93 ; they ceased to exist when the
duchies of Parma, Placentia, and the principality of Lucca,
the various reversions of which had been so carefully pro-
vided for by Art. 99, were taken from the Duchess of
Parma ; they ceased to exist when, in spite of the formal
stipulation of Art. 100, the Grand Duke of Tuscany was
deprived of all his possessions; they ceased to exist when,
in spite of Art. 103, the Pope lost the Romagnas, the
Marches, and the Legations, and when, notwithstanding
the careiul wording of Art. 104, the heir of King Ferdi-
nand IV. was dispossessed of the throne of the Two
Sicilics."

JUSTICE WITH HER SCALES—THE PMENIX
AND ITS ASHES.--Over many of their doors—doors
of magnificent offices—perfect palaces in building and ar-
rangement—we see two symbolical figures, the appropriate-
ness of which seems to make them everlasting favourites.
One is that of Justice with her scales ; the other that of a
phmnix rising and renewing its noble youth front its own
ashes. Now, there is no doubt but that if a man is unfor-
tunate enough to be " burnt out," and, at the same time,
fortunate enough to be insured in a good office, he may re-
build his house nobly and recover the blow. If he be not
insured, ho is, in 9 cases out of 10, a ruined man for ever
after, The ashes of his little goods, or of his great posses-
sions—and it matters really, perhaps, more in reality, and
certainly more relatively, to the poor man than to the rich
—are not the ashes of the phoenix, But the office is itself
an emblem of the fabled Egyptian bird. It flourishes and
nourishes itself by fire, or rather the dread of fire, but to do
so permanently it should take the other emblem in hand,
and like Justice hold an even-handed balance, and with
bandaged eyes, after once having looked well into the ante-
cedents and character of its client, and determined upon
accepting—as it always has the choice of rejecting--his
policy, it should pay down the agreed 1511111 without cavil or
2Drm.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

[REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.]

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.
WARSAW, SEPT. 26.

The Police Gazette Publishes an ordinance to the
effect that in future every houso from which a shot
should be fired, or in which an attempt should be
made on the life of a public officer, will be confiscated,
and the inhabitants imprisoned and rendered re-
sponsible for the offence. linchanski, a National
Gendarme, has been hung,

(By Telegraph from Suez.)
BOMBAY, SEPT. 8.
The Ajmere prisoner has oeen finally proved no
to be the Nana Sahib.

FRANCE.

PARIS, SEPT. 26.

An imperial decree, rublished today, orders that
the Class for Philosophy in the Imperial Lyceums
shall henceforward embrace the four matters
decreeindi-
tcaetedpriongtrhaemmefoof
1852, and historial studies
h wh iah.will be announced here-
after.

The Moniteur of this morning announces that the
Emperor paid a visit to M. Fould at Tarbes, and
that his Majesty was c:leered by the people.
The Courrier du Dixanche of to-day states that
Count Rechberg saw with regret the insertion in
the ifoniteur of the Polish memorandum. It fur-
ther says, 'Baron Gros has informed Earl Russell
that the opinion of the French Government relative
to the negotiations on the Polish question was that
it was preferable to close a useless discussion."
The same journal says :

"The mission of Nubar Pasha is stated to consist
in laying before the Suez Canal Company the bases
on which the Porte and Egypt would wish to nego-
tiate. These bases are said to be—

"1. The Company would entirely relirquish the
conceded territory.

" 2. The Porte would, on the other hand, autho-
rise the Egyptian Government to furnish con-
tingent. of workmen on condition that they did not
exceed 6,000 men at a time."
The Courrier du Diwanche doubts that the con-
ditions will satisfy the company.
BOURSE, Sept. 25.—The market has been very
heavy. Business opened at 67f. 70c., and stock
becoming offered, prices continued receding, and
are now weak at 67f 50c. Mobilier are also lower.
The Share Market participates in the general dul-
ness, and the great majority of the lines show a
decline The market closed as follows :

It per Cents .. 95 50 Italian Loan 73 50
Do. end month.... Do. end month 73 60.
3 per Cents ...... 67 50 I New ditto
Do. end month.... 67 45 Do. end month....
Credit Mobilier....ll4o Russian
85 75 Do. end month.... Austrian
Bank Shares 3410 Spanish Threes.,.. 52'2
_—
Credit Fonder 1315 --Home Debt

hang D. W. Voorhees, an Indiana Democratic Con
grass man.

Mr. Lincoln will shortly issue a proclamation
suspending the writ of habeas corpus in all military
and naval cases.

The Republicans have carried the Maine election
by a large majority.
The Government has commenced to construct a
national railroad between Danville, Kentucky, and
Knoxville, Tennessee.
The Canadian Parliament has voted a sum of
400,000 dols. for the organisation of £lO,OOO dols.
fresh militia. Mr. Darcy Magee has declared that
Canada must prepare for defence, or deliberately
proceed to Americanise herself.

Advices from Jamaioa report that the Spanish
fleet bombarded Port au Platte, on the 6th, entirely
destroyed the town, and killing many inhabitants.
An impression prevailed at Havannah that Federal
agents were the instigators of the San Domingo
rebellion.

NEW YORK, Sept. 17 (Morning).
(By telegraph to Halifax.)

President Lincoln has suspended the Habeas
Corpus Act throughout the United States in all
cases where the military, naval, or civil Govern-
ment officers hold persons under their command or
custody as prisoners of war, spies, alders, or abet-
tors of the enemy, enrolled, drafted, enlisted, or
mustered officers, soldiers, or seamen, in the Fede-
ral service or deserters.

This suspension will be continued in force dur-
ing the duration of the rebellion, or until President
Lincoln sees fit to revoke it.

The reported capture of Fort Moultrie and the
occupation of James Island by the Federals is un•
true.

NEW YORK, Sept. 17 (Evening).
GQneral Lee's forces still defend the line of the
Rapidan.

A Federal attempt to cross yesterday was re-
pulsed at three points.
Nothing positive is known of the position of
Lee's main army or the object of his retrogade
movement. One theory is that the bulk of his
forces has been sent down the East Tennessee and
Virginia Railroad to attack Burnside and Rose-
cranz.

An early advance by Meade towards Richmond
is considered probable.

It is reported that Burnside has joined Rose-
cranz at Chattanooga.
Rosecranz's advance has occupied Dalton,
Georgia. A. general engagement with Bragg is ex.
petted near Lafayette.
News from Charleston to the 15th states that the
Federals were erecting batteries on the upper end
of Morris Island, under a heavy fire from Forts
Johnson and Moultrie, where the Confederates
have two 15-inch guns.
One of the magazines on James Island has ex-
ploded. The monitor Patapsco has been towed to
Port Royal for repairs.
General Gilmore has tendered his resignation on
account of a disagreement with Admiral Dahlgren.
It is supposed the latter will be superseded.
Guerillas are swarming along the banks of the
Mississippi.
The Democratic press is incensed at the suspen-
sion of the Habeas Corpus Act, as specially uncalled
for at present. The Daily News says all that
remains of Republican government is a memory and

a name.
The Confederate rams building in England, and
the Probability of the French recognition of the
South, attract much public attention and cause
uneasiness.
Earl Russell's reply to the Emancipation Society
Is considered unsatisfactory, and the ill feeling
against England continues.
The New York 7ribune says 'there is unanimity
In the Federal fleet in favour of war with England.
The New York municipality has tendered a public
reception to the officers of the Russian frigate, being
the first ever visiting New York, and as an expres-
sion of the appreciation of Russian stedfastness and
fidelity to international obligations as cont:adistin-
guished from the course which certain other Euro-
pean Powers have thought fit to pursue.
A privateer barque was seen off the Cape of Good
Hope on the 28th July.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
NEW YORK, Sept. 15 (Evening).
Money easy. Gold, 31 per cent. prem. Ex-
change on London—bankers' bills, 144. Stocks
steady—New York Centrals, 1321 ; Illinois, 1231
Erie, 1051 ; 6 per Cent. United States Bonds, 106.
NEW YORK, Sept. 17 (Evening).
Money easy. Gold, 321 per cent. prem. Ex-
change on London (bankers' bills), 145. Stocks
steady. New York Centrals, 1341; Illinois, 1244 ;
Erie, 106 k; 6 per Cent. United States Bonds, 1061.
Cotton advancing. Middling Upland, 70c. Flour
improving. Wheat, good inquiry. Corn quiet.
Provisions dull. Coffee quiet. Sugar advancing.
Molasses very firm. Crude petroleum heavy, 351.

MEXICO.
NEW YORK, Sept. 15.
. _ _

Advices received here from Vera Cruz, to the
sth, state that the French are preparing for an-
other campaign.

Marshal Forey had ordered the Peruvian Minis-
ter to leave Mexico for writing a letter to Juarez.

INDIA AND CHINA.

By the arrival of the Calcutta mail wo have re-
ceived our private correspondence and files of papers
from Calcutta to Aug. 23, Bombay Aug. 31, and
Hong Kong to Aug. 12.