The Sun.
London, England, 1801-11-06 00:00:00

YELLow FEVER:

;THE progress• of Scferice, and tile triumph of
bbour.and.,-persevereice: united with A rf► are recently.
'di splayed' by.' an 'important Discihery 'tliTe"lllafpria Nledica.
It is universally known-, that the late War Va*:ta-rtiztt on in
the West Indies,- and- other parts; lar an.atnicispirf!reimpreg.;
nated with disease and pestilence, the effeeiS of which have
been so calamitous that other, roes-v.ieft but 'a.4. Shadows in the
-Seale. Oft an accurate, calculatiOn, j?
.is found-, 'that nearly
't:tvo-fiftlrs of the Europeans are cchtinn aliy swept away' by
tilts desolating distemper; td. which the appellation of the',
Yellow Fever is note generally given; to prevent or to cure i%
had baffled all the exertions of the; Faculty at length; When
hope had almost Yielded to despair, and all remedy lvp.4:igivr).,
ed tindiscoverable, a SP ECI I IC iS rroduixd, both for pie-
vention and Cure. The Nation at target so justly intereste4
in the fate ottlio'se who devo,:c themselves 1:7 her rve)tarc4
.rri:lst highly rejoice at this discovery the tender P'ailtit, the
anxious Wife, and the atleetionate Friend, concerned ter their
respeetive ConneCtions abroad; or 'for those who arc leaving
England; must have their fears Much alleviated by availing
-themselves of this'oppOrtunity to'lecure those 'who are dead
to them from the dangers of an infectious Clinrate.
This' Medicine is,sold; Wholesalesand retails •,at frO. Gold.
ing's,: No. 4i, COrnhitl, London, and retail orily;. Yid tis ap.
vointmenti by, one eminent Vender of .Patent Medicines in
every principal Seaport City and Town in the•UiAtecl King.
dbms, in Boxes; One Guinea each; sufficient for one person
twelve months. The Most positin: tAtifilanY 01' dficaor
may bt Wen as *Ye,.

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Translated "from theyaexcir

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IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE' OF COMMONS.

(Continuation of Tuesday's Debate.)

Mr. PITT said, that upon a'sUbjea in itself of
such importance, and one upon which it was un-
fortunately his lot to differ from, some with whom
it had been his happiness, to have been connefted by
the widest ties, of friendship, for the greater part
of his life, -he was anxious to deliver his sentiments
before the 'attention of the House, and his own
powers, shOuld be exhausted by fatigue. In con_
sidering the question, whether these Terms should
:be 'accepted or rejefted, there was one proposition
which he Might lay down, with, he believed, but,
little danger of contradiaion, and that was, that
:now for some time past, all rational, all thinking
men, had concurred in an opinion, that whatever
their wishes might have been, whatever hopes might
at different periods of the War have been-entertain.
ed, yet, that after the events which had taken place
on the Continent of Europe, thesquestion of Peace or
War bet ween Great Britain and France, became a
question of Terms only [there was a cry. of Hear !,
Hear! from, the Opposition Benches] : in laying
down this proposition, to which Gentlemen seem to
assent, he desired not to have it admitted in words,
.and rejected in substance. After the conclusion of
the Peace between France and the Great Continental'
Powers, after the dissolution of the Confederacy of
the States of Europe,, a Confederacy which he had',
supported to the utmost of his power, and,with re-.
Sped to which he still retained the same sentiments;
after the dissolution, however, of that Confederacy,
it became merely a question of the Terms to he
obtained for ourselves, and for, those Allies who
still remained-faithful to us, and to their own in-
terests. In saying this, he-was aware that he dif-
' feted from many, of whose judgments he had the
highest opinion, and whom he both loved and 'ho-
noured, but it was the firm conviction of his mind,
and it
,was his, duty both to the House and the
Public, fully and candidly to state his sentiments
upon the suhjed. When he said, that the ques-
non of Peace or War between this Country.
and France, was a question of Terms only, he
wished to be understood as being more anxious
about theseneral complexion of the Peace, as '
felting the charader of this Country for good Faith,
Honour, and Generosity, than he was about any,
particular acquisition that might be made, or any
specific objeft that might,be attained. In consider-
ing the Terms that ought to be accepted, it would
be necessary tea inquire, in the first instance, what
would be the eXpence of continuing the. contest, what
were the difficulties with which it would be attend-
ed, and what hopes could be entertained of its ulti-
mate success. It was undoubtedly the duty of every
Government in negotiating a Treaty a- Peace to.
obtain. the best possible Terms, but- it was some-
times difficult to know how far particular points
might be pressed without running the risque of break-
ing off the Negotiation. For his own part he had ,
no hesitation to declare that he would rather close
with an Enemy upon Terms short even of the fair pre.
tensions of the Country, provided they were not in.
consistent with the Honour and Security of the Count. '
try, than continue the Contest for any particular pos..
session. He knew that when he had the honour of a
seat in His Majesty's Councils, Vic came to a ques-
tion of terms, and if the pacific disposition of the Ene-
my corresponded with ours, he for one should have
aftcd upon that principle; and knowing that to be his
own feeling upon the subjeft, be should neither act
with 'fairness nor candour if he did not apply- it .to
another administration. He did not pretend to state
, to the, House, that this Peace fully answered all his
wishes, but, the Government had undoubtedly en-
cieavoured to' obtain the best terms they could for
the Country ; and he was ready to contend, that
the difference between the terms we had obtained,
and those of retaining all which ave had given up;
would not have justified Ministers in,protraCting '
the War. He was anxious upon this subjeft to Speak
plainly, because it was one on which hetsught to
have no reserve, either with the House or with the .
Country. What the terms were to. which this
Country ought to.look in the present state of Eu-
rope, had been, in his opinion, most accurately and
most ably described by his Noble ,Friend (Lord
HAwx.Essuay,l. The principle 'tenon which Ad,
ministration afted, and in which he 'perfatfy con-
curred with them, was, that in seleeting those ac_
quisitions which we wished to retain, Is was our
interest not to aim so- much at keeping possession
of any fresh conquest -which we did not materially
want,, but to endeavour rather to retain those ac.-
quistions which, from their situation, or from other
causes, were the best calculated for confirming and
securing our ancient territories. The objeCt which
must naturally first present itself to every Minister,
must be to give additional vigour to our maritime
strength, and security to our colonial- possessions.
It was to them we were indebted for the unparal-
leled exertions which we had been enabled to make
in the course of this long and eventful contest; it
was by them that we were enabled, in the wreck of
Europe, not only to effeft our own security, but
to bold out to our Allies tlae means of safety, if
they' had been but true- to themselves,- In thus con-,
sidering the subjeEt, it was necessary to look to the
leading quarters of the world in which we were to
seek for this security. It was evident that our ac-
luisitions were all in the Mediterranean, in the East
and-in the West Indies. Those who thought than this
'Country ought to retain all its acquisitions, would
of c,ourseconsider any cession made by us as income ,
-
patible either with our Safety or with our-Honour.
But those who tlid not go that length,' would agree
with, him in thinking, that when we were to give
:back a part, and retain a part of our,Conquests, it
was our duty to consider which of them were the
best, calculated to promote the- two greai leading
objeCis to Which he had before' alluded, and if • it
should appear, upon examining the' present Treaty
of Peace, that in two out of the three quarters
which he had 'mentioned, viz. in the East arid
-West Indies,' we had retained such Possessions as
were the best calculated to.effeft the security of our
antient Possession's, we had, , every circumstance
considered, done as much as could be expetted with-
out under-valuing our -Conquests in :the. Mediter-
ranean, and the gallant atchievements by which.

they had been effeeled, especially the Capture of.'.
,Malta; and certainly no man was less. inclined to
undervalue them than he was; yet it must be ad-
mitte&by every man acquainted with the real in-
terest of this Country; that compared with the East
and the West Indies,: the Mediterranean is but a
secondary consideration ; indeed, this was a propo-
sition so obviotis, that it was unnecessary for him
to enter. into any arguments upon the.§ubjeft.
-Of
the importance of the Trade, much- hadfor.
merly'been said, voluMes had been written upon it,
and even NatiOns had gone to war to obtain it :
the value. of that Trade, even, in the periods to
Which he had alluded, had been much exaggerated ;
but even suppose these statements to have been COT-.
red,. they sipplied to times, when the- other great
branches of our Trade, to which we owe our pre-
sent greatness and our -naval superiority, did. not
exist: he allnded to the great increase of our Ma-
' nufaftures—to our great Internal Trade—to our'
Commerce with Ireland, with the United States of
America, with the East and theWeit Indies ; it
was these which formed the sinews of our strength,
and', compared with which the Levant Trade was
trifling. In another
,point of view, he, admitted
that Possessions in the, Mediterranean, -were of im-
portance to enable us to co-operate with any Conti-
nental Power or Powers, with whom we might hap-
pen to be in alliance.- He agreed with his Noble
Friend (Lord CASTLEREAGH), that when there was
not a.powerful Confederacy on the Continent in our
favour, this Country, with all its naval superiority,-
could not make any very serious efforts on the Cons
tinent ; but in the case of such,a Confederacy, much
undoubtedly Svotild'he done by the co-operation of •
the British Navy in the Mediterranean. But at
the present motrient„ .ai,d situated as 'Europe at pre- .
sent is, we ought not, upon any one principle of
, wisdom or policy, prefer acquisitions in the Medi- •
' serranean to the attainment of the means of giving
additional Security to our Possessions in the East
and West Indies. It was upon this princiyle that 'he
*heartily approved of the choice, which
.Ministers
made, in preferring our Security in the West Indies
to any acquisitions we might_haVe made in the Me-
diterranean ; because he' considered it as a rule 'or.
prudence which ought never tobedeyiated from, not
unnecessarily to mortify the-feelings,or pride of an
Enemy—[There was a cry of Hear! Hear!'from
.the Qppositionl,-7-Gentleinen, from their: Manner,
seemed to think' he bad not always adhered to -that
maxim; -he-. would not interrupt Ms argument by
entering into a personal defence of himself,
whenever Gentlemen -were--inclined tO discuss that
point, he:was perfealy ready to meet them, giving.
them the full benefit of any expressions he had ever
used.--Supposing the events of. the 'Wars to be
equally balanced, and in negotiating -for one of two
possessions, both of equal value, but that our possess.
ing one of. then!, would hurt the feelings,- or mor-
tify the pride of the Enemy more than the other, he
should think that a justifiable ,reason for selecting
the other : he did not say this from. any. affatas
tion of sentiment, •or peculiar -tenderness towards
the. Enemy, but because an Enemy would not give
up such a. possession without obtaining from us
more- thari an equivalent.. Upon this principle, he
hoped the House would concur with him in think-
ing, that we ought not to insist upon retaining the.
Island of Malta. If Out objed• had been to retain
any possession which had formerly belonged to the
Eeemy, and which we had captured trom them,
with the view of adding to the security of, our old
dominions; then Malta did not conic under the de-
scription, .because it was not. an .ancient possession
of the Enemy, but had been -acquired by him, un-
juStly, •frotn,":i third Power.: It therefore appeared
to him more consistent with wisdom and sound: po-
licy,-ratherto-put Malta under the proteaion• of a
third ;Power, capable of protecting it,
°than by
retaining it ourselves, to mortify the pride and at.
traft the jealousy of the Enemy.- The other pos-
session which we had-acquired, and, upon the pro-
priety of retaining which, much had been said, was
Minorca.. With resped to this. Island, he perfeetly
Concurred in -the opinion of his Noble Friend (Lord
HAWKESBURY), that it would always belong oil the
Power who possessed the greatest maritime strength ;
the experience' of the four last Wars proved the
justice of this observation, for Minorca had regu-
larly'Shifted handS according to the preponderance of
maritirnt strength_ - in the-, Mediterranean.—ln -time
of Peaee, • Minorca was a possession of no great
importance or utility ;• in time of 'War,. it could- be
of no use whatever, unless: we possessed a mari-
time superiority ; and if we did possess that supe-
riority, :experience had shewn, 'that it would -pro-
bably fall into our bands. Upon these grounds he,
for one„sWould not -liavcadVised nittCh to be -given
in another quarter for' the purpose of enabling' us to
retain the Island of Minorca, doUbting, as •he did,
whether in time :of Peace, it was worth the ex.
pence of a garrison. He thought,•therefore, that we
were juStified in looking to the East and West Indies
forthe POsscssions which it was our interest to re-
tain, but -he could not help expressing his-regret,
that circumstances .were such as to prevent Us from
retaining a place as important in many points of
view as the Island of Malta;' he lamented also, that
it was not,possible for us to- have made a more de-
finitive arrangement respe&ing its future fate ; hut
unless we had been prepared to say that we would re-
tain it ourselves, he did not know any better plan that
could be adopted, than to make it independant both
of England 'and France. In turning his attention to
the East. Indies, he- certainly saw cause for regret,
because the opinion he had been taught to entertain
of the value of the Cape of good Hope was much
higher than that- expressed by his Noble Friend. He
knew there were great Authorities against him ; but
on the other. hand, from what he heard from a Oble
Marquis (CoxtrwALt..), and, from a 'Right Hon.-
Friend of his who had" nng presided over the Affairs
. of India, he was induced to think the Cape of Good
Hope a more important place than it'had been re-
presented on this occasion. • But thinking thus
highly-as he did of the Cape, he considered it as far
inferior indeed 'to Ceylon, which he looked upon-to
be-of all the places on the face of the Glebe, the one
which will add most- to the security of our East
• Indian pocessions, and as placing our dominions in
that quarter in a greaterdegree of safely than they.
had been from the first hour that we set our foot on
the Continent of India. An Hon. Friend of his on
the other side of the House (Mr: T. Gg v t Li;E))

had lamented that we had not stipulated for the r
tendon of Cochin, and stated, that in the - form
Negotiations, Lord MALMESBUR.Y 'had been in,
struaeti to insist upon 'its remaining in our posse,
sian. How-far Lord MALr4Es u [MY was inStrllete4
to insist upon, or recede from certain points cow
tabled in that Projet, he did not feel himself now 01
liberty to state, but he` believed cm man would be
inclined to say, that it must of necessity be a 0
Ultiniaturn, because it was- contained- in a- Projer,
Indeed, one of the complaints which we had against
the French upon that occasion, was, that chef
wanted, us, contrary to every diplomatic form, to.
give in our Ultimatum first. He knew that it wits
the opinion, at that time, of a. Noble Marquis, tO
whom he had, before alluded (and who had rendereJ
such essential services in India ; but he was wrong in,„
partieulariziog India, for there was scarce a quarter of
the Globe in which this Country had not derived
important advantages from the exalted talents -aid-
virtues of that Noble person who was now about to'
receive the last reward of his services, in putting the
finishing hand toot Treaty which would give Peace to
the World after a War in whichhe had had so large 3
snare in averting from this Country the dangers-which.
threatened the most vulnerable part of our Po'
sessions); .that the refaioing of Cochin was' titres-
sary to the s..curity of our Indian Dominions. But
the Noble Marquis, he was sure,• did, not: now rc'
win the same opinion, because its importance then
depended upon its being a frontier Post, to secure
uis from an„Enemy whom we had since cotipletdt
destioyed. It would'not surely be contended for 1
moment that the power of Tippoo Sultan was entire,
and when there was a direr} road from his dorni'
nions into ours, that Cochin was not of infinitelf
more importance thati it be now when his do'
minions were in our possession. He did . not wisp
.to give a ludicrous illustration c this aro-.-ncnt;
but he.was really so much astonished at what had
been'said upon this point, that he could not help
stating. a case which appeared to him direly .0
point 'with 'thepresent. -If we were to look into the
ancknt periods ofour History, When Scotland .w
a separate-kingdom, hostile to us and in, strip al'
-lianee with France, -the- Town of Berwick upon
Twee.:-wral a place of, the, greatest importance- t°,
us as a fortified frontier Post ; -.but surely it oriel°
;not be 'said to lie of. equal 'importance:lloW; WllO
Scotland and'England were united into One
dom. 'ThiS parallel did` not 'appear to hiM:to?'
'exaggerated; -and if Cochin was of no importance 29
a 'Military Post, he was inclined to think that it'
commercial value was oot. very great. As to tleC
advantages ..we. must. derive from the possession
!Ceylon, it'was,unnecessary for him' to aolarge tie
therothey. were too Obvious `ribt to 'be felt hi
every body. With regard to the Cape, he befoo'.
stated his opinion of its value ; *but. if we could not
retain it. without continuing the War, he thotigh
Ministers had abed wisely in "giving it up upon
the terms they had, because, in point of value,
was inferior to Ceylon and Trinidad. He nnif-
came to the consideration of 'our situation in the
• Weitandiei, and he was decidedly of opinion, th.t.
of all the Islands which the fortune of War had rds.
into our hands in that quarter, Trinidad was tO.
most valuable L-he should prefer it even to I\443ri
tinieoL-undoubtedly as a prote&ion to our Lee`"
ISlands it was the better of the-two ; but in 9°l'
intrinsic value, Ttinidad was the. inure importatf
As to its value as a Post from- which we might u'i
ree=l our future Operations- against-the Possessions c:f
Spain in South America, it must be felt by eve?,
one to be the" best situated of any' part in the-Weti
Indies, He had always been of opinion that
came to be a _question merely of terms' betwee:,.
England and France, that we ought to retain
possession of one of the great Naval Stations in 434'
\Vest-Indies, because our. great -want .in that quer
ter
.was a Naval' Port. The four great Naval SPid'
tions were Guadaioupe, Martinico, St. Lucia, ono
Trinidad ; and of those Trinidad and Martin',,,
were the'best, and the former the better of the tsvb'e
He would now trouble the House shortly upon. t.er
subjed of our Allies. With resped to the Portj
we had done every thing we were bound to d
nay,. more—we had' compelled the French to Abe
evacuation of Egypt, and had stipulated for their
tegrity of her Dominicios. There was another niL.l.3
jest which we' had obtained, and to which he wit
not- think as much importance had been given as.o,
deserved—He meant the- Establishment of an 1„,
fant Power; viz. the -Republic of the Seven Islatin.e.tr
which would perhaps have otherwise fallen un6c,
the doininion of France this- Certainly was an 0.0;
quisition of great importance-- fOr this country, 91."
inferior'perliap,s_tei. pOsSession of 'Malta itse,
The only
,answer he' had heard upon thiS
was,... that ;here had been a Treaty concluded
tween France and the mr(e, hy.lVhich.; the evacti`og•
tide of Egypt was stipulated for ; bur it-conl4
be for a moment doubted that it Was 'to -Ille_yriej,
dons of this Country, and to the -brilliant
meets of.our Army anti Nity..*-that, the evacua`l di
of Et must be. attributed ;
.and
a diplomatic trick' taken the-advantage of th
two Treaties, -that.-Coillii. nor derogate from .oi.e
merit of this Country. "With regard to 11J
were not hound tO' do any 'thing fdt :She' ,00
even desired to
was
released from her, engoieqpve
to us,. but she compelled, to
.this by an °Ate,
ruling necessity, and the Government of this .L'"oro
try, in its _contitia-toWaids'Naples, had nnt-,
aced in conformity to it' sefwo interest, 411,(1 --t
upon barge and liberal grounds; in endeavourinfo'
repair the fortunes of ao'Ally;- who had gi%;.!e `.z.of
only to force: The Hon. Gentleman (-Mr.. u!oe
VILLE) had argued, that we ought to have gu-,'"
to Naples her Dominions, because, froni the 't
tiguiry of the Cisalpine .Republic ,to: N.aples_Foo
French may, in pursuance of the Treaty,. Vi 1,14* I
their -territories one day and re-enter then'
next , but if,' from the- situation of- Eutol'ef
stipulation
tee
biN) erae:ee'lciUa it must be
du
"W that an
ith ftu.4,ll;:r. tiaSnne,
Sid e
-the same ObservatiotA Were applit..-,ableicr ssc , •
i
not bound to interfere for. her, uniesi sysLeoll.
maintained ,that we were to take uppir pilrse!' Bat
task:of settling the affairs oldie Continent. 111,
we were unable to- sett !e the affiiirs ot* th"E,TIIO,I
the COn"iiilent; - which Wig -at' Wif Pei . 5
hood; with what cited or proiriety could ' _"7„atte
tempt it in Italy ? He was read.), ru gran. t'
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