The Sun.
London, England, 1808-07-07 00:00:00

trJ

i

P2DESTRIANISIII.--We understand that M‘KRAw,
the 110 gs-shire Pedestrian, will start on Monday next
from "h
Manchester' (where e has been resting him-
self since lasqourney), to Glasgow, via Dum-
hies, fur a fresh, bet of no guineas, between the
same parties.--The distance between Manchester
and Glasgow, by this route is 223 miles, and the
tittle allowed for veiforming the jOurney is 66 hoots,
being at the rate of 3i miles per hour, including all
stoppages. Should this' new champion for pecle•••
triad renown succeed on this occasion, it is tho!.4ht
he will challenge all the WOODS and BARC,L4Y,S.
the kingdom, by the end of September. Helirabout
• ears old, of a stliewy anttathleiic form..
ThiS day the Dividend List will be made at the
B-uilt, and payment thereof commence to-morrow:.

PARIS. JUNE 9.6. The intercourse, by Couriers,
with different!Courts, and particularly with those of
Vienoa and Petersburgh, is very frequent at preset t,
it is therefore concluded, .with reason, that v,tet.i.l-i,ty,,
,
Matters are under discussion, the developernent-Of'..
‘vhich is expected with itripatience. Various reports
are ;,re,.aient here, which have been received from
the Prussian territory. According to some accounts.
that Power will join the German Confederation, and
Place its contingent along the whole extent of the
coasts of the Baltic. According to others, the nego-
ciations for uniting Prussia to the German Confecle
ration have not succeeded, and that Power, now
sunk to the lowest ebb, will be obliged, from want
of looney, to disband its troops, now melted away
to 26,000 men, retaining only the Royal Guards.
On the 11th inst. arrived at Leghorn the French
Cortette La Viaorieuse, of 26 guns, and 160 men,
in five days from Toulon ; and a few hours after
came in sight a small French
.Squadron, of 'three
Prigates and a Brig, under the command of Captain
Doc Los, which steered for Corsica; but on the 'll6ilt)
again appeared before Leghorn. Its farther destina
lion was unknown, but the Corvette La Vic oriquse
must remain at Leghorn for the protection of .the
Shipping. We are told, that in imitation of the
French military system, the whole Austrian army
%via vlso be formed into diviSions, having each its
artillery, infantry, and cavalry, under the command
of a separate General. The •following are aiready
named as Comnianders of different divisions :—the
Archdukes JOHN, Lunovic, and MAXIMILIAN ; the Vrinces of LICHTENSTEIN, SCHWARTZENBURGH,
and ROSENBURGH BELLEGARDE and KLE-
rat/ ; the 'Marquis CAsTELER, and General Zicx.
This plan is ascribed to the'Archduke CHARLES.
PARIS, -JUNE CO —His Majesty the Emperor, with a view of favouring the interchange of letters
between his European subjects, and those of the
Colonies, has given orders for,establishiog an office,
to be named the Bureau of Colonial Correspondence.
The packets of letters-are to be free of Postage as
far as Paris ; and with the view of preventing dis-
appointments by occurrences at sea, duplicates c)!-_,
triPlicates may be sent. Letters from Marseille's'
ofo ul the tOth say, that two, Ships have arrivedeat
Ton from Smyrna, loaded with various tner-
chandize.
The Brig L' ilventure, from Baste Terre (Guada-,
• loupe), arrived at Rochelle on the•tith inst. ltden
with coffee. The twelve Arabian horses se'n't ass-a
present from the Grand Seignior./ to the Emperor,
lately reached St. Cloud. They are sprung front the
moSt celebrated Arabian racers.
. .
AMSTERDAM, JUNE 28.—Letters from Dautzig,
of the 17th inst, say that a French Cutter, of teight
gins and 45 men, has take,' and carried int,tittarn-
Zi:4 four Konigsburgh and Knyphaust-n Vessels.' from
Gottenburgh, laden with coals, sugar, coffee, bran-
dy, ; also the American Sl:ip Rochelle, of Phi-
ladelphia, laden with rum, sugar, e‘c. and. the
Datitzig Ship, the Concordia, from London, in bal-
last Letters from Hamburgh, of the 24th, say, that on the 23d an Embargo. was laid on all Vessels
of every description at Tonningen, by orders from
the King. Accounts from Copenhagen, of the 18th,
mention, that the last English convoy which passed
the Sound lay at anchor, under Malmoe, and that
tire whole Danish flotilla was assembled over against .
it, near Drape. On -the I ith four English Gun-
brigs took a Danish Gun-boat near, Thaar, and burnt
two Vessels which served as Tendes.
C,,OPENIIAGEN,' JUNE 18.—For the protthion of
the Russian coasts, there has been assembled a Rus-
sian corps. of 25,000 men near Revel% and to render-
tbe ports on the flaltic more secure against any at-
tack, a considcrabfe number of old Ships have been
sunk at their entrance's.
for some days no accounts have been received'
rom Norway. But in the mean time we khow
with certainty, that the Prince of HohsTErm. !has'
there taken up such a ste froners; 4s
will place.great difficultiespo inon theon wav!hof an attack
froto the Swedish General ARMFELDT. yti
VIENNA, JUNE 15.—His Archduke MAXIMILIAN has llto 1-1.
la lately had frebqoentmess con-
e
ferences with the Count Vow Imperial Land Commissioner,
Ii Imperial
and with. the. chief Audio—
titiei of the Circie of Au.tria, relative i organ-
ization of the Army of Reserve and of rile Militia
Towardg the end of this week the levy of. the,
serve will i:emrnence; and. 760 men will be raised,
as the ptioportion for this citcyoannetZelysuburbs: In
all the Imperial Provinces,
, there are to
be raised 52 Reserve-battalions, of 1300 men, mak-
ing a loon of 59800. They are to be immediately •
• armed, organized, and They
for-four weeks sue"
cessively. This reserve body is destined for rein-,
forcing the This
army. But the Militia, which
is also to be organized throughout all the Imperial
States, and is o be unusually strong, is dd
only for hornet service, and the proteCtion ofestine the
frouticrs. The Court of Vie,oa is at present en-.
gaged in negociation, ou various subjects, with dif-
ferent Powers in the' South of Germany, and also
with the:Courts of Paris and, Sr,' Petersburgh—
Couriers daily arrive and depart from the State
Chancery. Busy negotiations with the Porte are
also cri foot. In the Alinistry several changes have
taken place; the COMA VON I(Oj,I.OWitATII has re
tired with a pension, and in his roost the Cunt
VON ZINZENDORF has been put of the heactilf the
Finance Departtnent. Baron THirGOT aepeaii!bcot:
- •n
to be about to come into nttice; at ;east he liaszfreen
• -
here tbr sOine time, and has taken a house. nig
day the Emperor and Empress returned hither from
Lintz.

cipal Government of Spanish Towns, though various
and c,,,mplicated, universally admits a portion of p 0.7
uputaureprezentation ; for, in every town composed
9f- 2000. householders, tour Deputies,- and a Syn-
dic, (either Procurador or. Personero), are chosen
by the, inhabitants, and form part of. the Ayun-
tamiepto.
The geographical position, as well as size of Spain,
renders it the most difficult conquest .which. the
French have hitherto undertaken. The, distance at
. which her most important cities are placed froin one
another, and the little connection that subsists be-
tween them, prevents the possibility of its being sub.
dued by any single army, however large; by.any
single victory, however brilliant and decisive. • The
number of her harbours renders the possessii'm of
them, all bt foreign troops impracticable, and the
situation of them, combined with our natal superio-
rity, secures her intercourse with Great Britain, with
,her own colonial possessions, and with any other
Power from whom she can derive resources or assist-
ance. The obstructions which the country presents
to the operations or on army, are in favour of the
inhabitants; .and, even those disadvantages, natural
,andartificial, which have retarded the progress of
their prosperity, may, in this season of distress and
difficulty, contribute not a little to the efficacy of
theiriletence ; w hen we state tdat the provinces are
• ,f,-•
...mountainous, that many of their defiles and even
towns are inaccessible to artillery, trat between
France and the fertile plains of Andalusia thire are
no lessthan.three ridges of --mountains to be passed,
we are well aware, that the success of the French

armies in Switzerland, affords a plausible answer to
expedauon founded .on lb,. effect of such obstacles
to their marclh But if tl:e surface of Switzerland
was more tugged, moun.ainous and inaccessible, it I
was not so extensive,. and without laying much stress
.on the coMparative disunion of its inhabitants, there
was one circumstance whi.ch deprived them of more
Allan halt the advantbge, which a strong country is
,supposed to Possess. It'was as well, perhaps better,
known to their invaders than to them, Ives. Scien-
tific surveys and military maps, as well as practical
acquaintance With all the defiles, and posts, with .
dislances,!roads and paths in all direttions, put the '
• French Generals and officers on a footing with the
mountaineer who was employed to harass his oper-
:ation. No' country was ever more accurately
.laid
down in maps than! the wild and irregular surface of
the Alps ; and the industry and ingenuity of man
has been: successfully employed in ase;:trtaining with
the utmost precision, the relative height, distances,
and turnings of those rocks which nature seemed
anxious to secure Ifom his approach. Snh pains
have been taken, that a large portion of that rugged
distrkt has been modeled with as much exactness as
a work of art which an architetti has an intention of
copying. Not only no such surveys of Spain exist,
btit all the maps and accounts of that country are
calculated rather to mislead than to assist a General
in Lis operations. The time employed in tra-
versing a mountain is known to the neighbour-
ing villages, but the map, the past hooks, and
the muleteerhiinself, will describe very different dis-
tances by the same term. Those who hate travelledin •
Spain, and particularly in the mountainous dis-
tricts, know well the distin6tion of a long and a short
league, thougn they will look for it in vain in any
survey that can be referred to fOr theit purpose.
Nor are the plains of the two Castiles and Estra-
, madura much more favourable to au invading force
than the mountainous districts that dk ide them from
one another, or separate them from the other pro-
vinces of Spain. £he heat of, the climate, and
the prevalence of intermittent fevers, are
to be .infinitely more prejudicial to a large army of
I.foreigners than to detached bodies of natives. The-
•!tirst inconvenience will be intolerable for the three
ensuing tnonths, and in all former wars it has con-
denned armies exposed to it to maCtivity for that
t. season of the year.. The latter (the invariable con-
,siNuence of the heatS)" will be much aggravated by
1: the scarcity or insalubrity of the water which illy

French will odedlietfally,haVe tci.eikiminter Ord by i
the predileftion fur
.vegetable food', which always tits-
tinguishes the soldiery of, Fiance.
TO these circnnisanees must be added the want
'Of forage and provisiOns;. •Ad the difficully„ if not
impossibility, of conveying.`theth from various and
distant points through a' country inhabited by ad
armed people, very icrilietfOly interseEted with
roads, and utterly destitute Of water-4rilage. It is
true, that among the surprising achie.:ernents cif
4UONAPARTE, nothing has distingaished 14 cam-
paigns frotii those of all preceding conquerarS ruche
than the -facility with which he has fed hii own
troops; and cut • pff the supplies of hiS
.opponents.
In the. most barren. countries his munerous armies
have felt no want of provision, and in the granaries
of Europe he has reduced the Sovereigiii of therri
*to a want of subsistence. This phenomenon in war,
perhaps, proves:his talents as a General more ihaii
even the• disposition of his forces in 7 the hour of
battle : but his success in th,is respe6l, though ex-
tritordinary, cannot be miraculous. The causes of it I
must be natural,: and his merit most consist, like that
of all great Captains, .in availing himself of the cir-
cumstances which enabled him to produce so unusual
a result. He cannot create the means of subsistence,
nor increase the physical and mecienlical powers of
conveyance. If, therefore, the same oppertunities,do
not exist, the same advantages cannot be taken, nor
the same consequences be produced. In all the in-
stapces to which we, all ude,it.auos APARTE has not been
indebted to the incapacity (Allis enemies foPt he aequh
sitionof their magazines, to film at least was due the
existence of them. By great condua and great good
fortune' f,)q. was enabled to convert the- stores pro-
vided for his opponents into the means of supply for
himself. But to believe that he can find ~such re-
sources where they do not exist, or culled without
any visible Means, or usual precautions, subsistence
for a large army, is to believe in magic and superna-
tural agency ; and to refuse any examination of the .
difference of circumstances, in order to conclude that
the result must in ail cases be the same, is to surren-
der one's reason; and superstitiously to acquiesce in
a hopeless.and unaccountable fatalism. It appears, •
therefore, .to us, that no inference can be drawn
from the facility with which BETONAPART4, haS hi-
therto supplied his •traops, with prop istons, which
can weaken our expectations that ft want of sub-
sistencefor his armies will impede their present pro-
gress in §Rtin. It ,proves, in.leed, what we are
little disposed to deny or to un_ ervalue, his great
military talefitc ; *but the cases are not analogous,
and ,the want of magazines in the,country/ pr, etudes
the possibility of similar occurrences for,the present.
Fotmerlry; indeed, there, were small granaries esta-
blished in:every village of Spain, with the name of
positos. The objet of these institutions was a se-
eurity -against scarcity,' and a supply of 'seed corn
for the farmers,- who were compelled to deposit for
that purpose,a certain portion of their produce every
season. The late Government, under pretence of
supplying the army which was rnerching. against
,Portugral in 1 801, with its usual impruvidence,
.seized all the magtazines, and with its no less usual
bad faith, neglected to replace them; notwithstand-
ing the solemn promises made to the people on that,
occasion. 'The consequenr.e has been, that the, pea-
sal t s have never again been Prevailed upon to entrust
tneir portion of corn to the Government, and their
invaders are thus deprivd of those resources, upon
which, . in their former data through the country,
they chiefly depended. it is true, however, that
the want of provisions does not apply to the Eastern
Provinces of Spain, to. Murcia, Valencia, and Ca-
talonia. Large armies may easily subsist ; and, in- „
deed, the erred of this didicolty, as well as ttif Al .!
others he has to encounter, depends entirely on the
nature of the CoMest, and on the union and resclu—
tion of the pepple of the country. The whole of
our argument supeoses, that he has to contend with
a very difrerent Government; and with a very dif-
ferent people, from those to wiront he has hitherto
bee,' opposed. Whatever may be the provisional
• Government of Spain, it cannot have as much tear
of thy- p;:ople as of 'o3e French, and whatever may
be-the disresnien of the inhabitants, they must feel '
that the quarrel is their, own, and•that the question
is, whether France or 'Spain shall possess the su-
Keine au, purity in the Peninsula, hot whether the
.Government of a CHAU LCS the Fourth, or a JOsspn
the First, be the least opp,essive and tyrannical.; 1

When the French entered Lisbon, a .very heavy,
contribution wa's laid upon every individual sup-
posed to be possessed 'of property. Among others,
the-name of the French Consul was put down for a
sum of nearly 10001. This Gentleman immediately
applied to General JUNOT, and contended that, as
'French Consul, he ought to be 'exempt from any
contribution. The General replied, that • his objec-
tion W.lB perfe6tly, well founded, and that, a, French
Consul, he should not pay any thing, but ordered
him, as a merchant, instantly' to produce the whole
of the sum which had been affixed to his name.

On Tuesday night, at a late hour, Mr. BASILICO,
the Messenger, was sent off with dispatches from
Mr. Secretary CANSING'S Office, to Sir ARTHUR
WELLESLEY. The. dispatches were accompanied
with a great number of the recent Order in Council,
which is to be circulated in the several Spanish Pro-
vinces with all possible expedition.
Yesterday a great number of applications for Ves
sels to proceed to Spain without convoy were made
at the Ad niralty; which were, in general, ordered to
be granted. The Vessels are tO proceed to Spain
direct. \

. ,
. A magnificent dinner was given on Tuesday, at
the City..of London Tavern, by the West India Mer-
chants, to Sir EYRE COOTE, on his return from the
Government of Jamaica. Among the company were
Lord BINNING, Sir JAMES ALWtED CLARKE, .BLC.
After dinner the " Non Nobis.Domine " was
sung by DiriNum, SALE, GIBBON, Goss,
GORE,
and TAYLOR. It is. impossible to conceive the en-
.
thusiastil . that seemed to pervade the company, on
the hope of the Spanish. cause. Captain Moitps'.s
snottme.song of " George and England save," •one
part of which says " The Grave of Spain,, shall ope
for France," • was given by-D:oNom wirh. elt6trie
e.tred. TAYLOR 'also sung a new verse to " Rule
Britannia," on the same subje&.
BuoNArAltrz has the finest flock of Merino sheepat
St. Cloud of any out of Spain, having received three
hundred ewes and titty rams of the ,highest blood
from the now depoSed :Monarch of that, country,
which are managed with the greatest attention at a
grass tzwm set apart fur them, which' is called Ram-

yr=

Ptith.orniGii; .rui.v 4

- •
ON Sattivday EiiTvlajesty's Mize was gliot for (ri
kutntsficld Link, bj? ifoiarG,olnpatiy 'of. Airchevs,
and won by. JAmEsliovE.,Esq;.W.S. . . .
'irelterday a Fleet, under, cPtivPY, of the Mini.' and
Fancy Oun=bilgs, Jo3ds for Got:
tenburcrh. `"1 8 •

On kitdrdaY the Acirairel(h Voliinteers arrived,
after being 14, dais On permanent duty at Dunferm-
line. They were inspeeted there on Thuit,day by
Col. GILLON, who expressed-himself highly pleased
with the appearance and discipline of the regiment.
The Etoselie, of Leith; arrived at Purtswouth frOm
Jamaica on the f.l:Bth ult.
The lionzulas, BROWN, and Elizabeth, SPITTALL,
arrived on the I Ith, and the. Hutton, TAYLOR, and
Diana, STELYSIANy on the :9th nit. at Gottenburgh
ham Leith.

The Brig Alexander is arrived dt Aberdeen, from
Sr. JOhterp, New Brunswick.

The Ntaster of
.the Chdrlotte, of Leith; THOMAi
PHILPi and seven of hiS crew; landed at John,haven
en Tuesday, in his boat, his Ship being captured on
Sunday night, about 45- miles right off tha Buchan-
lA3i: The Charit6itesX2sltharVarberg in sweden,
loaded with flas.._and potasnej:apn came iron Got-
kenbtirgh; under convoy of the Hebe Armed Ship,
Which Ve!sel whit to Longiidpe, The-Privateer is
\cutter-rigged, falt of tra.n, and Capt. Putir think;
they made off as for Bergen, in Norway.
A Brig was afterwards seen in tow of one of out=
Cruizerssteering to the Adutliw.ard, which, as the
Childers bail gone in quest of her, it is hoped, may
prove to be the above-mentioned Vessei, re-taken,

,
this morning the-I„ottp MAYOR, accompanied by
the LADY MAYORESS, the Sheriffs, Aldermen, and
their Ladies, take an aquatic excursion to Rich-
mond, attended by-the Water Bailiff and his Of-
ficers, when his:lordship wt!Lhold a Court of Cone.
servancy for theicounty ; ,they
_pro-
ceed ap the River to the new Ch y Barge, and spend
the day on 461(14)t1ie —Ndvlgation Barge, moored
off Barker's Rail s,AppbsitgliKew Bridge. A most -
elegant Entertainment will be provided. in the
evening there will be a grand Ball for the Ladies,
and a beaUtiful display of tire-works.
INntA-HousE.—Yesterday a Court of Dire&ors
yVas held when -Capt. GEORGE Sz,NIU'SON was sworn
into the command of the Ship 'Union, consigned to'
Madras and Bengal.—The 'under-mentioned Ships
were thus stationed, viz. Asia, Capt. Tetk..NIEN HERE,
and IV.llthantstow, Capt. JONES, f;r Madras and
B-ngal.. • The Court adjourned at six o'c:ock till
Wednesday next.

Messrs. \\Thile and .Bart, Proprietor and Printer
of The Independent llAig Ntt s spaper, were yester,
day morning sea 'respective places otcon-
finement, D. :nester an;.l..Gldacester Gaoli. .

We are happy to state, that, according to letters
from Manchester,, it appears. that. the pleasing pros!.
pea or a renewal of our oononercial-relations with
Spain has, even thus early, had a sensible etred
upon that invortaot manufacturing town ; and it is
expected that these events will have an immediate
influence in relieving the distresses, and consequently
in quelling the discontents which have troubled that
part of the kingdom. The vast warehouses of that
large town are agato,opened, a new market having
now offered itself fOr.the wares which
.have so Jong
been accomulating.
.‘ On Thursday, the 23d of June, 1802, Mr. C,I.TE.
WEN'S Sneep-shearing took place at Harrowslack,
Cumberland, wi.ich was numerously and respeaably
attended.--4he stock Was considered as greatly im-
proved, and much admired. The wool of the
was' steer ewes as' compared with speciorens ct
00l brought .frorn. W•obuni,' by a, Committee .of
Gentlemen ertgagettin :the, woollen trade, who gave
it as their decided opinion,-,that the wool of the
South Down was cowl!, if not Superior,. ,tothe'spe-
cirnets proluced ft-on) 4 "Duke of BEDFORD'S
flock ; but the top-wool of the iiedfOrd breed elaiin-
ed a preference to that of this county.
We. are happyjo find, that the, accident which
occurred while the 7th Regiment. orDragouns was
exercising on Sunday (not Saturday, as:stated in
yesterday's_ Paper).,, was not, of the serious kind that
was reported. The Regiment was out very 'Early—for
three hours two men fell, but they were not ma-
terially hurt ; one of them is again fit for duty, and
the other is•doing as well as possible.
The enclosure of Wildmore Fen, below Boston,
will bring into immediate cultivation 40,0p0 acres Of
inundated, and, .coosviasy .of .bitherto o profit-
able land.. It etch,` that.''considerable, part of it
is now selling .at .501.'p*ritcre, and the rest is of
equal .value. „Tile aggregatt iamoont, therefore, is
2,000,0001. expeniiture of inclosing, drain-
jug, -&c. has cost 400,0001. so that the net profit
to the owners of this great work is 1,600,0001,
sterling.
liIKE.—An alarming fire broke out at the house
of Mr. H. Hasket, Lower Lodge Farm, Wilts, on
Monday night, which entirely consumed the same,
land it is with. pain we F.:ate, that a little boy, five
years old, perished in the conflagration. It was
first discoveled by a stage coachman, in a pigeon.-
loft contiguous to . the dwelling, but such was the
rapidity of the
,flames, that the house was destroyed
in halt an hour.- -IL:was occasioned by some dry
wood taking fire over an Overi,,i -and it was with dit
ficuity that any of the fatally, five in number, es-
caped.
DARINGATTEIAP'. -liibrdertpexpedite the null-
ing
down an,old mansion in the, town of Sieipton,
the. property of Lord chanet,. John Seed, .of that
town, took the following daring. method
mounted the top, shook the whole fabric, and all
came down together; notwithstanding he received
not the least harm. '

• . CORN-EXCHANGZ;JULY 7.—The supply of Wheat
to-day is again short, and sales of good samples fully
support last prices; Rye is cheaper ; but little Bar-
ley at hand ; and iSlalt haffew buyers ; 'Beans of the
two kinds this week aye,cheaper ; there are but few
arrivals of Oats,
,but the supplis at hand C.opsider-
. able, and the sale supplies thereof. har4ly sup•c(qt
. last prices, foreign arrivals are expected ; Flour sup-
ports the prics quwed. - •::, ..—.,.
wit neat 58s d 7o's(A)1§111--•"0 ITVA Beans - 545,a 6.s od
.Fine ditto - 84si ti,lB7S :411', 044_, - 375 a 3,s a 4, 5 od
' Rye - -. 441; ?-k, 4,8 p .pd, itilFtiand fiitto • 'O5 a 43s ori
Marley - -. 4S aA,4 9a-, to.:itue - . —„ a 4.39. od
EI Malt - - , :5';:1•73564 , gISe Seed - 341 a 3:-:1 ~,t
• White l'ea.te 1•i- allvs,ot,t;l fiiie'Flont 6,s .1 6-s: as c.,:i
G rev (•itto - 545 a 58, od Seconds . - i's' A tics ,;;Li
Beans (0 Id) 4 585 a 64s od .
•