The Sun.
London, England, 1839-10-08 00:00:00

RAILWAY lIIPROVEMENTS.

Mr. Coles, of Charing Cross, delivered a lecture
last night at the Mechanics' Institute, Southampton-
buildings, upon certain improvements in Railways and
Railway Carriages, for which he has taken out pa-
tents. The lecture was attended by a numerous audi-
tory, composed chiefly of the working classes, and Mr.
Coles' explanations and illustrations were received with
much applause.
The principal improvement proposed by Mr. Coles
is what he terms anti-friction wheels. The axle of the
wheels, which run upon the rails, instead of bearing
upon the collar, as in the wheels at present in use, re-
volve against the rim of a large friction wheel placed
above them ; the axle of the latter bears upon the edge
of an upper friction wiled, moving upon a steel axle,
which is attached to the frame work of the carriage
and supports its weight, and that of the passengers, &c.
While the lower or ground-wheel revolves 75 times, the
large friction wheel revolves 10 times, and the upper
wheel only once, and the friction is thereby consider-
ably diminished. This was illustrated by a model
carriage loaded with a weight of 168Ibs. and a line
with a weight of 6 ounces, passed over a pulley;
being attached, drew the carriage and its load. A
similar carriage with the common wheels required a
weight of 48 ounces to draw the same weight. An-
other improvement of Mr. Coles is a moveable axle,
to enable the wheels to accommodate themselves to
curves of any radius, and thereby do away with the
great friction and loss of power which the rigidity
of the fixed axle at present in use occa-
sions. He also proposes an improved sail, having a step
on the outer edges of the curve, upon which the flange
of the outer wheel runs—the circumference of the outer
wheel is thus increased, and it is enabled to keep pace
with the wheel moving in the inner or smaller curve.
There arc some other minor improvements, one of
which is, making the great bulk of the carriages
two-wheeled instead of four and six-wheeled as
at present, by which the weight will be thrown more
evenly in the centre—the train of carriages accommu•
date itself more readily to the curves in the line, and
greater strength be given to the axles. The only objec-
tion which struck us was the loss of strength in an axle
moveable, and secured in the centre only, as com-
pared with the axle secured at both ends. The im-
provements are, however, so valuable and striking,
that we have no doubt of their attracting the
attention of engineers and Railway Companies.

ARRIVALS AT BATH.—The Countess of Bel-
mour, and Miss Caldwell, Sir Herbert Jenner, Hon.
Mrs. Vanneck, Lady Darling and family, the Dean o
Salisbury, Captain and Mrs. Gosling, Lady Elizabeth
Alexander, Lady Burton, Rev. Mr. Spencer, Captain
Henley, Rev. Mr., Mrs., and Miss Gore, Colonel
Thomson, Captain Ellis, Colonel and Mrs. Hamilton,
Lieutenant Gordon, R.N., Mr. and Mrs. Gwynne, Col.
and Mrs. Shubrick, Captain Young, R.N., &c.
ARRIVALS AT BRIGHTON.-Lord and Ladr
Granville Somerset and family, Lord and Lady George
Seymour, Countess of Glengall, Lord Colville, Lord
Brougham, Mr. Sergeant Goulburn, Mr. Sergeant
Spankie, Lady Wenman, Lieutenant-General Sir John
and Lady Gardiner, from Bognor, Lady Sheffield, Mar-
quis and Marchioness of Thomond, Lady Louisa Lygun,
Countess of Carhampton, the Hon. Charles E. Law
and Lady, Hon. Mrs. George Lamb, &c.
FALMOUTH, ()CT. s.—This morning the
steamer Braganza arrived from the Continent with
Mediterranean and Peninsular advices of the usual
dates. The Hermes brought down the mails to Gib-
raltar, arriving there on the morning of the 26th, and
sailed again the same night. Reported to have met
her Majesty's ship Ilastings on Friday previous off the
Island of Pantalaria. The Iberia steamer left Lisban
for the Southward on this day week. The weather had
rendered the bar at Oporto impassable : no continual-
cation, therefore, was obtained by the Briiganza. Her
•Majesty's ships Donegal, Benbow, Hercnles,'and Espoir I
were in the Tagus. The Turkish Prince Nadir
Achmet Bey is among the passengers, having come
down from Malta. Nothing in the shape of news has
been communicated by this arrival. Her Majesty's':
packet Lyra, Lieut. Collier, late of the Goldfinch,
sailed yesterday for the Brazils ; and the Ranger,
Lieut. Turner, to-day for Halifax.
Mr. Pakinton, M.P., has intimated his intention
to move, in the ensuing Session of Parliament, to bring •
in a Bill for the creation of a general constabulary sys-
tem throughout the kingdom, in accordance with the
District Constables Bill. He also proposes to delegate
to the Commissioners of Police in London the noinina.
tion of the chief constable, although it is in the
.gift. QC
the County Magistrates.—Worcester Chromicle.
STATE Or EXCHANGE ON EUROPE IN' RE-
LIGIOUS MATTERS.—TREMENDOUS REMITTANCE OF
PIETY. ~We have for some time past asserted, that
something extraordinary- would result from the late Ire-
mendous revivals in religion and piety going on all over
this country ; and now we have a strong ract to name in
proof of the truth of our assertion. The packet ship
Oxford, which sailed yesterday for Europe had on board •
no less than nine of those pious and pretty young ladies
called " nuns." Nine nuns shipped for Europe in one
day! they were all from Pittsburg, hound to Antwerp,
and each went by the name of Sister Mary. This is a
singular state of things, and shows the exact condition
of the balance of trade between this country and Eu.
rope in regard to religion ; and also proves that the
supply of pious sisters hare, since the great Camp
Meetings, is greater than the demand for them..Arern
York Herald.

GENERAL MA ROTO —Maroto continues at
Bilboa, but cannot long defer his visit to Madrid, to re-
gulate the rank and pay of his officers. His wife, a
native of Chili, who was, with three daughters, ,return-
ing in a Liverpool merchant ship in '18'29 to Valparaiso,
was lost in that yeesel, being shipwrecked off Cape
Horn, when alt the passengers and crew perished ; btit
a merciful Providence, theConstitutiona!ists say, .pre-
served him from a watery grave for the good of Ilia
country and of Spanish liberty, as well as for the •vexa-
don and disappointment of Carlismas it did ig'ciitt
last February, wben Don Carlos had actually signedilaia
death warrant, which the Padre Cyrillo transmitted..tu
him, with the names of his appointed executioner's in
the margin, whom, as a matter of self-defence lie iris
under the necessity of shooting next day at -Estrin,
acting upon the advice given to Queen Elizabeth on a
similar occasion :—" Si non vis fenri, '. As to the
treason he is reproached with, and the • perjury he cam- •
mitted against Con Carlos, I would ask his rccusais,-i
Don Sebastian, who, after the decease of Ferdinand,
had taken the oath of allegiance to Queen, Label, did
not commit the same perjury and the same treason by
more inexcusably afterwards joining Don Carlos, and
waging war against the Queen he had previously:reeog.
nized and sworn fidelity to, be not having the apology
safety
faent
vy personal
and danger t
mighto
bare urge,raesmhaL
remained
dasthet a
neu-
tral spectator at least. Is the same morality and sanc-
tity of an oath not binding on a prince as well as a
subject, which prince afterwards intrigued to supersede
Don Carlos, aided by the machinations of his mother,
the Princess of Beira, and to supplant him in the es-
sential possession of supreme power in Spain, which
merciful Heaven, and the so-called treason of Maroto,
averted from the pair of them.
THE GREAT LORD CHATHAM AND THE
DISSENTERS.—In the House of Lords, Archbishop
Drummond (of York) attacked the Dissenting Minis-
ters as " men of close ambition ;" but they met with
an able advocate in the celebrated Lord Chatham, who
said, " The Dissenting Ministers are represented as
men of' close ambition :' they are so, my Lords, and
their ambition is to keep close to the College of Fisher-
men—not of Cardinals; and to the doctrines of in-
spired Apostles—not to the decrees of interesting and
aspiring Bishops ; they contend for a scriptural creed
and spiritual worship. We have a Calvinistic creed—
a Popish Liturgy—and an Arminian Clergy? The Re-
formation has laid open the Scriptures to ail : let not
the Bishops shut them again. Laws in support of eccle-
siastical power are pleaded which it would shock huma-
nity to execute. It is said that religious sects have
done great mischief where they were not kept under
restraint ; but history affords no proof that sects have
ever been mischievous where they were not oppressed
and persecuted by the ruling Church."—Countess
lluntingdon's Life and Times.
Colonel Maynard, of the British Army in the
West Indies, who was severely
sudden
quarrel
Mr. Simon-
sons'n'a'oilo,fis ovNreecw York,en inn
and out of danger. The carriages
of the parties came in contact. Both were passionate,
and equally to blame.

MONE Y MARKET and CITY NEWS

(MONDAY EVENING.)
POST.—The Funds have been pretty stationary to-
clay in both markets. There was, however, nothing
doing to affect prices, unless in one or two descriptions
of Foreign Stock. The advises from Lisbon caused
some little speculation in the Portuguese Securities
and an announcement from La Guayra, under date the
14th of August, that a further remittance of 10,0001.
on the Colonial Bank, in liquidation of the dividends
due from New Grenada, was coming forward by the
opportunity advising it, and th.A. Messrs. Fortique and
Toro, with two attaches, hal embarked on board the
same vessel, produced an advance in Colombian Bonds,
as will 'oe seen by our quotations. Money was tolerably
easy at the Stock Exchange, at an interest of about
per cent, per annum, the same rate being de-
manded also by the discount houses in Lom-
bard-street. Consols left off at 90} to Money,
and 901 to a for the 15th instant. Exchequer
Bills closed at 4s. to 2s. dis., and India Bonds at
3s. to Is. dis. Five per Cent. Dutch Stock, ex-divi-
dend, was last quoted 1001 to 1 b ; Two-and-a-half per
Cent. ditto, 33; to ; Brazilian, ex-dividend, 73 to ri ;
Five per Cent. Portuguese, 35i to 61 ; and Active
Spanish, with the overdue dividend coupons, 301 to
An unpleasant business connected with the Stock
Exchange was made known in the course of the after-
noon. It appears that, about a fortnight ago, Mr.
W. Taylor of Birchin-lane, who has hitherto en-
joyed considerable confidence, received Colombian
Bonds to the extent of 3,000/. to sell at a price, or
to borrow money on them for his principal, a Mr.
M' Allan. He had orders to-day to purchase 5,000/.
Consols for money, which he did from Mr. C. Morti-
mer a little before noon. At the hour of one he was
asked for bank-notes, which he said he could not give,
as his principal had paid him a West-end check. On
being pressed to produce the check he admitted that
t,-he money had been received, and that he could not
pay for the stock that had been placed in the name of
his principal. A distringas has been put upon it, and
so the matter remains up to the present time. The
Committee of the Stock Exchange, who were sum-
moned for the purpose, sat some time in delibera-
tion on the subject, and at the close of their dis-
cussions several of the number quitted the house
in company with the defaulter. It was, we believe,
the wish of the Committee to keep all quiet for the
moment, in the hope that some arrangement or other
might be made with the friends of Taylor ; but as the
property of individuals is at stake, we feel it incumbent
upon us to give all publicity to such proceedings when-
ever they come to our knowledge, and this we do the
more readily as the affairs of the Stock Exchange have
for some time past been involved in a certain obscurity
that seems to us to be little compatible with the public
interest. The -flair to which we refer could not at all
events fail in the course of a day or day to become ge-
nerally known in the City, and we deem it by far the
best plan to give a correct outline of the case in the
first instance. It turns out that Taylor has been in
difficulties ever since 1814 ; there is accordingly no ex-
pectation of a satisfactory result.

TIMES.—One of the leading jobbers at the Stock
Exchange has sustained a loss this morning of 5,000/.
Consols in a very extraordinary manner. He hid sold
to another jobber stock to that amount, and a transfer
was made out to a name given in the usual 'way, but
,‘ hen applied to, the purchaser declared his inability to
make payment. On referring to the boe,k at the Bank,
it was found thst the individual to whom the stock was
transferred had made his appearance there in the inter-
val. iind entered his acceptance of it—a practice some-
times resorted to by purchasi.es, for greater security.
The seller was therefore pre eluded from any claim on
the stock, and could only e the temporary remedy of
a distringas, to prevent .its re-transfer, remaining, mean-
time, without either ',money or stock. The purchaser
not only declares 11; Loself unable to pay, but avers that
payment is also refused by the party into whose name
the stock is conveyed, under the plea of a counter claim
of equal or greater amount upon him. The matter has
been refereed to the Committee of the Stock Exchange
for investigation.

HERALD.—Tae extreme anxiety which prevailed
Taring the last week has temporarily abated, and money
for discount purposes as well as upon the Stock Ex-
change is still decidedly more easy.
An advance has taken place to-day at ME.:k.-lane in
the value of wheat, of from one to two anillings per
quarter. This improvement does not, by any means,
indicate any preparation for speculation wheat, though
some millers have been anxious to obtain fine samples
with a view " to make hay while the sun shines," as it
Were,

In fact, the late as well as the prospective accounts
from the United States, have put a temporary check
upon all speculation, wh;'lst the favourable harvest will
enable them to pay the remainder of the unsettled score
in corn and cotton, unless the money markets of the
union become seriously deranged.
It is not at present intended by the Bank of England
direction to issue 11. and 2/. notes , other rn.easures, we
believe, are under consideration, which wiVi, it is appre-
hended, entirely relieve our Money Market ; at the pro-
per period we shall refer to them.

CHRONICLE.—The inforrw,.cion in our City ar-
ticle this morning on the subjer,c of the affcirs of the
agency of the Bank of the r.inited States has tended
to remove the doubts rela(Ave to the stability of that
establishment.
In the English Funds 'there were no operations of mag-
nitude, but the marke, has been firm throughout the day,
and although monev4 is still tight, yet it is :cot in so much
demand. The ra'.,e of interest may be stated a shade
lower on the Stack Exchange than l'ast week ; and the
dividends, no•A in course of payment, will give further
relief at le Ast for a time. The monotony of a very
quiet day was interrupted towards the close of business
by an ‘Jxtraordinary transaction which happened on
the Stock Exchange, and which has since formed
the subject, of general interest—a broker, who has hi-
therto held a very high reputation, having committed
am action of a most equivocal nature. It seems that
this broker came into the market and purchased of a
jobber five thousand Censors for money. He then gave
the name of a west-end tailor, to whom the Stock was
to be transferred. When the transfer had been made,
the broker took his principal over to the Bank, and ac-
cepted the Stock. He then said to the jobber, "My
principal has given me a check upon a banker at the
west-end, and I fear you cann•t have the money
through the clearing till to morrow." The jobber
asked to see the check, and the broker then confessed
that he had no check, and that the Stock which had been
transferred into ',he principal's name was Stock that he,
the broker, owed to his principal. The jobber imme-
diately placed a distringas upon the Stock at the Bank,
which he 'Ras allowed to do, because the principal had
not paid any money for the Stock this day, but had had
a runaing trust account with the broker for some time
past. As it was not a bone fide money transaction,
the Stock cannot be placed to the credit of the broker's
principal. The above is almost an isolated ease in the
annals of the Stock Exchange. It was submitt,ed to
the Committee, but they have advised the kabber to
consult his solicitor. We forbear in the maantime from
mentioning names, or from making any remarks on
this transaction. The party implicated has been under
difficulties for some years, although trusted to a largo
amount. He has friends able to hrip him, and we trust
they will see the propriety of co,Aing promptly forward,
and assisting him to make a sr,cis".actory arrangement.