The Sun.
London, England, 1863-07-06 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVBNING, JULY 6, 1863,

fer, and separate without any auspicious result being
the token of their interviews, but if they are in-
fluenced by an earnest desire to improve the oppor-
tunity such an unsatisfactory denouement can hardly
take place. If the EMPEROR be sincere in his wish,
and strenuous in his endeavour to persuade the
KING to adopt a happier course and rule with a
more benignant sway, there is the possibility of a
new and better era springing up. If he now pro•
ceed on his journey animated by the desire of
furthering the cause of constitutionalism, and eager
to remove the feelings that now unhappily bar its
progress, he may return with hope exchanged for
certainty. Vent, vidi, vtci, may be exclaimed
when he re-enters his palace, and he will have
achieved a better conquest than one who taketh a
city. On the other hand, if King WILLIAM will
accede to such reasonable requests he may return
with satisfaction to the capital he quitted in doubts
and distraction. Angry recriminations will sub-
side, and be converted into eager acclamations of
welcome, and he will be more than ever sensible
of the faulty and mistaken course his steps are now
treading, when he realises the security of the throne
that has its foundations in equity and moderation,
and recognises the real and right influence that is
wielded over the destinies of a State by that Sove-
reign who respects the rights of his subjects before
he considers the claims of his own prerogative, and
thus may rest in safety, secure that his bulwark of
defence in the day of trouble will be found in the
earnest reliance and deep devotion of his people's
hearts.

The Minister of Foreign Affairs at Paris has
forwarded a communication to the French Ambas-
sadors at London and Vienna, concerning the
Polish question. From despatches 3f the Prince
GORTSCHAKOFF it would appear that Russia now
entertains a more favourable view of the adjustment
of this vexed question. The Court of St. Peters-
burg admits the right of neighbouring states to
make representations in favour of Poland, and to
take an interest in its welfare, and also allows that
it would be very desirable to come to an under-
standing as to the selection of the means best cal-
culated to bring about this fortunate result. There-
upon M. DROUYN DE LHUYS very appropriately
observes that the Cabinet of the Tuileries is willing
to follow Russia in the view indicated. It seeks to
ascertain the form in which deliberations should
be carried on, and desires to be informed of the
manner in which Great Britain and Austria regard
the affair. The Government of the EMPEROR, he
observes, do not agree to the objections put forward
by Prince GORTSCHAKOFF. He truly and em-
phatically declares that " the troubles of Poland
are less the result of revolutionary excitations and
propagandism than of the situation created for the
country. He thinks it the duty of an enlightened
Government to remove every aliment to subversive
passions, and the best means to accomplish this is
to satisfy legitimate aspirations." This is as good
an opinion as can be given regarding the position
in which Poland is placed, and the advice tendered
to Russia is sound, and if only acted upon would
speedily terminate all these unhappy contentions.
Also, the French Minister pays a just tribute to
the chiefs of the insurrection, and asserts that they
preserved to their movement a national character.
It is always the fashion in these struggles for the
tyrannical portion in the affray to seek to blacken
the reputation of their opponents by every
means in their power. In this instance, how-
ever, it will not avail, for it is an acknow-
ledged fact that the sinister designs and visionary
schemes that are undertaken by those men who
seek to spread disorganisation had nothing to do
with this outburst of popular indignation. As M.
DROUYN DE LHUYS justly affirms, in conclusion, it
is not revolution that has created the situation of
Poland, but it is the situation of Poland that appeals
to revolution. This is the reason, he says, why the
European Cabinets have the right to take up the
question. It is not unreasonable to expect that
something may yet be effected by this junction of
the Three Powers, and their continued efforts and
reiterated remonstrances and representations must
in the end produce some impression even on those
impassable and imperious rulers at St. Petersburg.
Fear of offending important States may operate
successfully, and the dread of converting a puissant
ally into a dangerous foe may work wonders in
moulding the mind to listen to arguments and to
recognise claims that would otherwise be thrust
aside in contempt and scorn. If any advantage
accrue to Poland from these deliberations, great
credit will be due to all those who have taken a
conspicuous part in them.

It was not to be expected that the debate on Mr.
CAIRD'S motion on Friday evening should lead to
any practical result. It was, in fact, brought for-
ward rather as a vehicle for discussion than with a
view of attaining any direct object. Still the de-
bate on the subject of our Indian cotton supply was
❑ot without profit. The oftener Indian questions
are discussed in the English Parliament the better
it will be for India. The general want of know-

ledge produces a corresponding want of interest,
and the consequence is that affairs are left almost
exclusively in the hands of officials without the
wholesome check of Parliamentary criticism. The
all-important question of cotton is likely, however,
to do India good service in more ways than one, by

turning public attention to the resources of her soil
and climate, and to the obstructive and inefficient
system of government that has so long interfered
with the full development of her capacities. Mr.
COBDEN'S able and forcible speech the other even-
ing was a severe reproof to the Indian Secretary for
the narrow and prejudiced spirit in which he
has legislated for our great Eastern Empire.
Mr. COBDEN very justly censured the Go-
vernment for not having stimulated the
growth of cotton by every means in their power two
years ago. Ai sole proprietor of the land, said the
hon. gentlemen, the Government should through
their collectors, even through native collectors,
endeavour to reach the poor ryots, inform them of
what is going on in Europe, offer them prizes and
seed, and, in short, do all that is constantly done by
English landowners to encourage their tenants to
improve their stock and implements. " The Eng-
lish Government of India," continued the member for
Rcchdale, "is the most gigantic absentee landlord in
the and the head of the Indian department is
the agent world,
or trustee for this gigantic Indian farm."
We venture to say that no intelligent private pro-
prietor would retain such an agent in his service !
The one idea which seems to govern all Sir C.
money from the laird
t\aVxo.oD;Sirp. policy is
dinary reluctance of
point, exhibiting the extraor
make the smallest
remission of this cherished
the Indian Secretary to ma
source of re.
N obtainingCitEd a very striking case in
venue, and
giving a sufficient answer to his
protestations of readiness to assist the cotton
trade. It seems that the Governor of Madras
authorised the collectors in the districts to exempt
30 acres of land from the land-tax for the purpose
of trying experiments in the cultivation of cotton.
The remission was
Only to be for five years even
for this petty surface f
Sir CHARLES WOOD-50
Minister,;
ground. But what said
mister,. as Mr. COBDEN
reminded the House, governing a territory of 70,000

square miles ! Writing to the Governor of Madras
on the 9th of July, 1862, he says :—" I observe
that you have authorised the offer to a few intel-
ligent natives, to be selected by the collectors, of
a remission of assessment for five years on such
spots of land (not exceeding 30 acres in each case)
as they may be willing to devote to the improve-
ment of native cotton, due care being, of course,
taken to ascertain that the terms of the ageement
are satisfactorily fulfilled. . . . I cannot ap-
prove your having given to the collectors generally
a discretion to remit the permanent revenue upon
land to the extent of 30 acres in favour of any
persons who may display a willingness to devote
the land to the improvement of native cotton."
This is the spirit that has actuated all oar recent
Indian policy—a petty, narrow-minded, and restric-
tive spirit unable to sacrifice a trifling present gain
for a large future good, and quite unequal to the
exigencies of the time. Of course Sir CHARLES
WooD denies all injurious interference, and declares
that, though the Government would not interfere
with privet e enterprise, by buying or growing cotton
themselves, they have always been ready to give
persons who wished to
every assistance t 9 those
embark in the trade. The way in which this assis-
tance is given is by putting every possible restric-
tion on the purchase of land,.though thousands of
acres suitable for cotton cultivation are lying waste
under the Indian sun. Well might the member
for Rochdale, after quoting some of the existing
regulations, say that they read as if they were
written in jest. It is time, however, that our Indian
system of government were reformed in earnest.

We would here particularly direct attention to a
letter addressed to us by Mr. Sergeant SHEE—a let-
ter which will be found in another part of our im-
pression of this evening. After an examination of
the passage quoted by the learned Sergeant from a
work of his published now about ten years ago, a
passage he has here taken occasion to quote at
length immediately at the close of his communica-
tion—no one can possibly have any further misap-
prehension as to what was the precise scale of income
prlposed by Sergeant SHEE for the Beneficed
Clergy of the Established Church in Ireland. No
one but will then recognise how erroneous was the
deduction drawn from that very passage by more
than one member taking part in the recent debate
upon the subject, to the effect that Sergeant SHEE'S
proposition would actually involve, what it would
certainly not involve, nor anything like it—au ad-
dition of £78,000 to the net revenues of the Irish
Church Establishment.

Marvellous Evidences of Poetic Sympathy,

POPE ON T SPIDER.

" The spider's touch—how exquisitely fine I
Feels at each thread, and lives along the line I"
SHAKSPERE ON THE SNAIL,
" The Snail, whose tender horns being hit,
Shrinks backward in his st elly cave with pain,
And there, all smother'd up in shade, doi la sit,
Long after fearing to creep forth again."

M. RENAN'S DEDICATION OF HIS " VIE DE
JESUS."—To the pure spirit of my sister Henrietta,
who died at Byblus, 24th September, 1861. "Do you re-
member, from your rest in the boom of God, those long
days at Ghazir, where, alone with you, I wrote these pages,
inspired by the scene we had just traversed ? Silent at my
side, you read every leaf, and copied it out as soon as writ-
ten, while the sea, the vi:lages, the ravine, the mountains,
unrolled themselves at our feet. When the overwhelming
light of the sun had given place to the innumerable army
of stars, your fine and delicate questions, your discreet
doubts, brought me back to the sublime object of our com-
mon thoughts. One day you said that you should love
this book--first, because it had been written with you, and
also because it pleased yo•s. If sometimes you feared for
it the narrow judgments of the frivolous man, you were
always persuaded that spirits truly r#ligious would in the
end be pleo.se€l with it. In the midst of these sweet medita-
tions death struck us both with his wing; the sleep of fever
seized us both in the same hour ; I awoke alone I You
sleep now in the land of Adonis, near the holy Byblus and
the sacred waters where the women of the ancient mysteries
came to mingle their tears. Reveal to me, my good genius,
to me whom you loved, these truths which master death,
prev%nt us from fearing, and make us almost love it I"
MARSHAL FOREY, the conqueror of Puebla, was
born in Paris on the 10th of January, 1804, He
entered the military school of St. Cyr in 1822. He took
part in the expedition to Algiers, and served with distinc-
tion in Africa until Nov. 4, 1844, when he returned to
France with the rank of colonel. He was made general of
brigade in 1848, and general of division on the 22d Dec ,
1852. Having been appointed to the command of the re-
serve of the army of the East, he was charged with the
direction of the attacks of the left, before Sebastopol, until
April, 1855, when he quitted the Crimea to return to
France. Being afterwards appointed to the command of a
division of the army of Italy, he gained the battle of
Montebello on the 20th May, 1859, and greatly distin-
guished himself throughout the campaign. The Emperor,
as a reward for his gallant conduct during the campaign of
Italy, named him a senator by decree of the 16th August,
1659. The capture of Puebla raised Gen. Forey's renown
to the highest point, as the world now very well knows, the
Emperor Napoleon having just placed within the grasp of
the Conqueror the highest reward of all in the eyes of a
French soldier, the baton of a Marshal of the Empire.;
THE TINWORKS OF SOUTH WALES.—From the

commencement of the American war up to within
six months ago, the tin trade of South Wales suffered so
severely from the depression that many works had to be com-
pletely stopped. Not a few of the works were entirely de-
pendent on the American demand, and when the effects of
the civil war virtually closed that market, some of the pro-
prietors had to bring their works to a standstill, and the
more fortunate were able to keep their establishments going
only from two to four days a week. While the trade was
going through this trying ordeal it is satisfactory and credit-
able to state that not a single failure took place among the
tinwork proprietors of this district, A few months since a
slight reaction for the better was manifested in the trade,
and it is gratifying to report that the improvement is fully
sustained, and future prospects are encouraging. The re-
sult of this improvement has been increased employment at
the works, and several of the establishments that were
stopped are now
going on again. New works are in course
of erection near Swansea and Neath ; Melingriffith has re-
commenced working ; preparations are being made with the
same view at Llanelly, Breconshire, and two or three other
works are likely soon to be started again. These facts I
clearly show that the trade is in a better state at the present

time than has been the case for the last two years, and judg-
ing from the extensions and preparations going on, tinwork
proprietors show decided confidence in the future of the
trade.

A NEW RAILWAY SlGNAL.—Travellers on the
Midland Railway, passing Kegworth, may have ob-
served at that place a nett/ signal, which is likely to cause a
revolution in railway signals. It consists of a clock, with a
face Oft. in diameter, placed on the top of a column 151 t.
high, Only a quarter of the clock is shown, which is
formed of ground glass, with red figures 0.5.10.15., and has
only one hand. Attached to the clock is a long rod connected
with a treadle about 16ft. long, which lies along the inside of
one of the rails. On the train passing over the treadle it is
depressed slightly by the wheel flange, and the clock hand
is set at liberty and is so adjusted by a counterpoise that it
turns to the figure 0. Immediately the train has passed
over the hand begins again to mark the time up to 15
minutes, when it is stopped, thus indicating to the next
train exactly how long up to 15 minutes the preceding train
has passed the signal. The same clock works two faces,
one for the up and one for the down line. The signal is illu-
minated at night. The simplicity of this signal is suchthat
it is almost an impossibility for it to get out of order, and it
is so arranged that a passing ti airs takes off all pressure from
the clock, so that the great difficulty hitherto experienced in
self-working signals is successfully overcome. The Midland
Railway Company, who have erected the one above de-
scribed, have every reason to be satisfied with the result of
the experiment. It is calculated that when adopted double
the number of night trains may be safely passed over the
line that can be passed over now. There can be little doubt
that it will prevent a great number of accidents from trains
running into each other, and placed at mouths of tunnels
will be of great service. The inventor of this ingenious con-
trivance is Mr. John King, lace manufacturer, Heanor.—
Mechanics' Magazine.

TAGLIONI'S HUSBAND,--_A. French Peer under
Louis Philippe, Count Gilbert des Voisins, has just died,
Consul for the French empire, in the small Spanish port of
Figuoras.

THE REVOLUTION IN MADAGASCAR.—The Mont
teur of yesterday says :—" We aro assured that the Queen
in spite of circumstances, intends to uphold the treaties
with European Powers, and to maintain liberty of worship
and of commerce."

TEE NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION.—The
competition for the prizes given by her Majesty, the Pt ince
of Wales, and by the Council of the Association commenced
to-day at Wimbledon. The firing for the Queen's prize
will commence on Wednesday and occupy two days.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.
COLOGNE, JULY 5.

The Cologne Gazette of to-day says: "The re•
ports of the execution of Countess Plater and Fran
line Terlerzka at Wilna, are not confirmed.

A communication published by the Augsburger
Allgemeine Zeitung, from Cracow, accoraing to
which two Central Committees were simultaneously
in existence in that city, appears equally devoid of
foundation. Many Polish landowners have recently
arrived at Vienna from Volhynia, to await the
progress of events. Among them is Count Plater,
the only member of the family still at large."

CRACOW, JULY 5.
The Czas of to-day publishes an article which

says: --

"Poland is compelled to continue the struggle
for independence. The six points proposed in the
Notes of the Three Powers cannot be accepted by

the country."

Tke Czas considers that those who have destroyed
liberty at home Rill give no help to Poland, but
that the friends of liberty cannot remain indifferent,
for the subjugation of Poland would be the defeat
of liberty.

A detachment of 500 insurgents engaged the
enemy upon the lst inst. at Kleczew, near Orzyee.
Count Mycielski defeated a Cossack detachment
on the 4th.

The Russians have pillaged the town of Radz

wilow.

BRESLAU, JULY 4.
Intelligence received here states that numerous
detachments of Polish cavalry are hovering about
the environs of Olkusz.

Omilinski has cut to pieces a company of Russian
troops in the vicinity of the town.
LEMBERG, JULY 4.

The number of wounded insurgents brought to
Brody after the recent battle was so large that
many of them had to be taken to Zloczow.
All is quiet in the Government of Volhynia.

EVENING.

M. de Rochebrun, the French commander of a
band of insurgents, appeared on the 28th ult., with
600 well-armed men, upon the Russian side of the
Pruth, opposite Lepezan.
Pysocki is advancing into the interior of Volhy-
nia, in the direction of Kremiemee.

GREEC E.

VIENNA, JULY 5.

Telegrams received here from Athens to the 3d
,nst. confirm the outbreak of a military revolution

.n Greece.

A portion of the army, with the National Guard,
has remained faithful to the Government.
Riots have also taken place in parts of the pro

vinces.

The English, French, and Russian Ambassadors
have succeeded in obtaining an armistice for two
days between the insurgents and the troops of the
Government in Athens.

A portion of the English fleet has been summoned
'rom Malta.

TURIN, JULY 4, ETENING.

The Italia of this evening asserts that three
brigand chiefs recently arrested by French gen-
darmes in Rome will be transported to France.

FRANCE,
PARIS, JULY, 6.

The Paris papers of to• day publish a telegram
from Constantinople, dated sth inst., stating that
the insurrection which had broken out in Daghes-
tan was spreading. The Circassians had taken
Zakatal, a fortified village.
Two Generals, one of whom was General Citianeff,
and 920 soldiers, were killed.