The Sun.
London, England, 1863-09-03 00:00:00

The Pope and the Italian Government.

The Armonia of 'Turin announces in the follow-
ing
terms an encyclical letter of Pius IX. to the
cardinals, archbishops, and bishops of Italy :
" Our Holy Father, Pius IX., under date the 10th of
August, has addressed an encyclical letter to the Italian
cardinals,
archbishops, and bishops, in which he deplores
the very cruel and sacrilegious war to which the Church is
everywhere subject,
but especially in Italy, through the
acts of the Subalpine Government. The Holy Father
.regards the triumph of truth and justice. as certain ; he
rejoices over the constancy and firmness of the episcopacy,
he renews his former declarations ;
liberal societies; he praises the Italian clergy, who are
he condemns the clerico-
strongly attached for the most part to the Holy See, and the
rchgieuse who prefer to suffer hunger rather than leave the
cloister, and the Italian people who succour the Pope by
means of the St. Peter's pence. lie recommends them
finally to pray and wait with confidence."
"This is a document," concludes the Armonia,
" worthy of Pius IX., who in his paternal solicitude
points out the evil, suggests the remedy, and pro-
misee recovery in the name of Him who has rendered
curable the nations of the earth."

THE POETRY OF SEA-FISHING,
AS DESCRIBED IN A RECENT ESSAY, BY THE
AUTHOR OF " WATER BABIES."

Cliffs over head, ribbed and scarred, four hundred
feet in height, over which peeped many a gallant
deer ! Stacks of rock-island at their feet, as large
as great men-of-war with all sails set, ribboned
with yellow, black, and red, pierced with vast
arches, through which shone the infinite glearri of
the Atlantic; round the stacks, and in and out of
the arches, mackerel, in tens of thousands, breaking
water an acre at a time with a soft roar, as out of
the water flashed before them millions of shining
splinters—some water-beads sparkling in the sun,
chased in
lbtt—e.the herring-fry which they had
In among them the boat slides,
with three lines out, and each taken ere the bait
reshol
was two oars' length from the boat; while over-
head and all around was a Babel of wings and
voices, which confused eye and ear alike, of mer and
shearwatcr, blackback and herring-gull, hacklet,
and cormorant—diving, gobbling, screaming, cack-
ling, laughing, fighting—and overhead two or three
stately gannets, too proud to mingle with the com-
mon herd, sailed round a hundred feet in air, in
search of a vacant spot, and then

Fell from the sky, like a god, while the wind rattled
hoarse in their pinions,
and rushed under water, throwing up a perpeßdi-
cular jet of spray, exactly as does a cannon-ball.
And, over all, nearest the roof of cloudless blue,
sailed out from her eyrie in the white cliff the great
hen peregrine, the queen of all the shore. Slowly
the falcon slides round and round, eyeing the mob
below, till some fat herring-gull, full gorged with
mackarel, flaps lazily away to digest. In a moment
the great falcon's wings are closed over her back.
With one long silent rush she has reached him, and
those terrible hind talons, which can strike the life
out of a mallard's brain, and drop him into the mere
at a single stroke, are fast in the gull's shoulders ;
but not to kill. After a moment's flapping and
screaming, adversity gives him wit and necessity
invention. Down drops a mackarel, shamefully
disgorged, and down after it drops the falcon, and,
catching the fish in mid-air, bears it off in triumph
to the ledge where her young are barking for their
dinner. And so goes on the great hungry world,
as it has gone since the first Lingula or Orthis
gaped in pre-Silurian seas, some 199 millions of
years ago, and as much more as Sir Charles Lyell
has need of—conjugating the primary verb, "To
eat." I eat thee ; he eats me ; they eat him ; other
theys cat them : end so forth, ad infinitunz.

DONATION BY THE QUEEN.—At the end of last
month Mrs. Maclaren, wife of a workman at West
Port (says an Edinburgh paper), gave birth to three girls.
The occurrence was made known to Sir Charles Phipps for
representation to the Queen, as it is usual for her Majesty
to give a donation to mothers under such circumstances.
The Queen ordered a Post-office order of £3 to be sent to
Mrs. Maclaren, which has been duly received by her.
A ROYAL LOTTERY.—A lottery has just been
organised at Bucharest by the reigning Princess, the pro-
ceeds of which are to be devoted to the creation of a found-

ling asylum,
THE ENGLISH LEGATION AT TURIN.—The
number of the Independence Beige, received to-
day, has the following on the subject :—" It appears that it
intended to make a complete change in the English Le
gation at Tut in. Sir James Hudson has already resigned
nis functions in the hands of the First Secretary, pending

the arrival of Mr. Elliot, a near relative of Lord Russell.
It is rumoured that the present Charg d'Affaires, Mr.
'West, is to be replaced by
Mr. Russell, nephew of Lord
Russell, lately at Rome, at present on leave in England, and

for some time past attached, for form's sake, to the Turin
Legation. It. is maintained, as you know, and with scow
appearance of reason, that nepotism has a great deal to say
to the nominations of the British Minister for Foreign
Affairs. Two of the Under Secretaries of Legation at
Turin are also to be changed; one goes to the United
States, and the other to Pekin I One might really suppose
that Lord Russell had discovered a conspiracy in the heart
of the Legation in question, and that he is resolved to
scatter its elements to the four earners of the earth. Mr.
Hudson, it is believed, will continue to live in the North of
Italy, and it is even said that he will pass a good part of
his time at Turin. His presence there might be a little
erabarritig for Li 4 successor,"

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

SPAIN,

MEETING OF THE PROGRESSISTA DEPUTIES.

MADRID, SEPT. 2 (EVENING).

The leading Progressista deputies will hold a
meeting on Saturday next. Friends of the Ministry
assert that the Ministers continue to enjoy the con-
fidence of the Queen.

PRAYERS FOR POLAND.

ROME, SEPT. 2.

A printed notice has been issued relating to a
solemn procession ordered for the 6th September.

The Cardinal-Vicar announces it to be the desire
of the Pope that special prayers shall be offered up
for unhappy Poland, which his Holiness observes
with grief to have now become the scene of san-
guinary massacres. Poland, always Catholic, and
a bulwark against the invasion of error, deserves
that the Almighty should be implored to deliver
her from the evils by which she is inflicted. Peti•
tions should be put up that while retaining her
character, she may remain faithful to the mission
God has given her, and may maintain the Catholic
banner thoroughly intact.

EGYPT.
ALEXANDRIA, SEPT. 2.
The Annamite Ambassadors have left in the
Labrador upon their voyage to France.
The rise of the Nile continues to create uneasi-
ness. Measures are still being taken to avert
disaster.
The cattle disease is diminishing.

FRANCE.
MEXICO AND THE CONFEDERATE
STATES.

PARIS, SEPT. 3.

An important pamphlet has been published by
Dents, entitled, " France, Mexico, and the Con-
federate States."

The writer advocates the necessity of prompt
recognition of the Confederate States by Mexico.
BOURSE, Sept. 2.—Sales for realisation have
caused a retrogade movement, Threes, for the
Account, being now at 68f. 65c. Railway Share
Market firm. The market closed as follows :

ft per Cent 5....... 97 50 Italian Loan 73 50
Do. end month.... Do. end month —
3 per Cents ...... 68 50 tNe►r ditto
Do. end month.... 68 60 Do. end month....
Credit Mobiher....llBs Russian
Do. end m0nth....1180 Austrian
Bank Shares ...... 3385 Spanish Threes 53
Credit Fonder ....1310 Rome Debt .. —

BAIL'

'AYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans -
Northern
New ditto - . .. --
Lyons and Mediterranean 1050 .. 1045
Geneva 493 75 .. 495
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa 686 50 .. 687 50
Ditto to Barcelona

AMERICA.

SOUTHAMPTON, SEPT. 3.

The Hamburg and American Company's steam-
ship Saxonia, Captain Trautmann, from New York
on the 22d ult., has arrived here. She brings 144
passengers for this port, Havre, and Hamburg ;
85,619 dols. in specie for England, 25,826 dole. for
France, and 500 dole. far Hamburg.
The Sazonia passed the Germania, bound out-
wards, in lat. 50.8 north, long. 27.30 west.

During the first four days of her voyage the
Saxonia experienced very thick fog.

(RELTTER'S EXPRESS.)

The following additional despatches appear in
the New York journals :

NORFOLK, VA., Aug. 21.
The Richmond Whig of to-day contains the fol-

lowing :-

CHARLESTON, S.C., Aug. 20.

The enemy's operations during the last 24 hours
have been mostly confined to a stendy and continu-
ous bombardment of Fort Sumter from their Parrot
guns on Morris Island.

Their fire begins to tell on Fort Sumter, which
replies only at long intervals.
The defence of the harbour does not depend mainly
upon Sumter. Even if that fortress should be bat-
tered down, the harbour may still be held.

governor Bonham has issued a proclamation
urging the removal of all non-combatants from
Charleston as soon as possible.
The two hundred pounder Parrot guns of the
enemy are too much for the walls of Sumter, and the
fort only replies at intervals.
It has been determined to defend the city, street
by street and house by house, as long as a foot of
earth is left. _

(From the Chattanooga Rebel.)
We look for the worst at Charleston. It will
never be taken as it stands, however. It would be
mined and blown from its foundation first. We
do not anticipate any very encauraging news from
that quarter. The journals of the city may pot
the best face on the matter from motives of pa-
triotism ; but we had as well be prepared for any
emergency.
(From the Macon Telegraph.)
We think the Chattanooga _Rebel is unnecessarily
despondent about Charleston. It is true she may,
in time, succumb to superior numbers and heavier
ordnance; but the numbers are not here yet, and
the hopes of successful defence have grown with
every day since the beginning of the siege, and so
has the strength of the position. The Charles-
tonians don't believe that their city will be taken,
and we shall not believe it until is done.
CHICAitGO, August 21.

Special despatches from Memphis say that only
the Seventeenth army corps is now stationed at
Vicksburg.
A species of intermittent fever is prevalent among
the soldiers there, and those who are taken sick are
promptly removed to the hospitals here.
Very few troops are quartered at the city of
Vicksburg; only enough to do police duty. The
rest are encamped on the heights back of the city.
General Sherman's corps is still encamped near
the Big Black, on Bear and clear Clear creeks.
This corps has had the hardest service of any in the
campaign, yet they enjoy better health than any
other.

The Thirteenth army corps, under General Ord,
has moved to Natchez for sanitary reasons. They
will remain there for the present.

Admiral Porter's fleet is scattered along the
Mississippi river from New Orleans to Cairo. The
intermediate distance between the points where the
gunboats are stationed are patrolled by light
draught bouts.

There is no special news from below.
Advices from General Steele's Arkansas expedi-
tion are looked for soon from Helena.
The following are the latest despatches from the
army of the Potomac :--
WASHINGTON, Aug. 21.
Information is current here that Lee's army has
been moving off from our front upon the Virginia
Central Railroad to Richmond ; but cffioers arriving
here tonight, whose position in the army entitles
them to know what is going on, assert that no such
intelligence is in the possession of our commanding
generals.

Lee is undoubtedly upon the Rapidan and Rap•
pabannock. His pickets are extended from the
Upper Rappahannock along that river to Fredericks-
burg, and the region about Potomac creek is in-
fested with rebel cavalry.
Everything indicates that the enemy intends to
remain in hie present locality, unless our own move.

ments should necessitate a change of base; and it
is not impossible that the next battle may be fought
upon that river. Indeed, it is apprehended that
Lee will assume the offensive rather than retreat,
and many expect an attack from him at an early
date. Preparations for such an emergency are now
being made.

MR. F. G. CHAPMAN'S DESPATCH.
Headquarters, Army of the Potomac,
August 21.

I have information from three different sources
which leads me to believe that the rebels have left
our front and gone south to Richmond.

Deserters who came across the Rappahannock say
that the movement of troops towards Fredericks-
burg from Culpepper was only a ruse to cover Lee's
real object, i.e., to enable him to move his troops
southward by way of Gordonsville.

Day before yesterday large bodies of the rebel
cavalry dashed down towards the Rappahannock
at the separate fords, driving in our pickets. They
come boldly out in sight of our lines and deployed
in fine battle order. Immediately all the corps
along the river were put under arms, in which posi-
tion they remained until morning, when, behold
the enemy had withdrawn !
A cavalry reconnaissance was then made, which
went as far as Culpepper, but found no enemy ;
but, on the contrary, obtained such information as
leads to the belief that the whole rebel force has
gone in the direction of Gordonsville. The reason
for my belief I am not at liberty to give.
Richmond papers of the 18th brought into our
lines speak most despondingly of affairs, but parti-
cularly deplore the prospect, now in view, that
Charleston must fall. A complete panic prevails in
Richmond to obtain greenbacks. Many of the
dealers will take no other money for the commodi-
ties they have to dispose of. The Enquirer mounts
the Jew speculators rough shod, and classes Mr.
Benjamin as the king thief of the tribe.

ORDERS OF GENERAL MEADE.
GENERAL ORDERS-NO. 80.

Headquarters, Army of the Potomac,
August 21, 1863.
1. For the purpose of giving full freedom of choice to
this army in the selection of newspapers, it is ordered that
any officer or enlisted man wishing to purchase any daily
journal not now furnished by the agent appointed under the
provisions of the circular of June 2, may give notice thereof
to the provost-marshal of the command to which he belongs,
who shall forward the same through the provost-marshal
of his corps to the Provost-Marshal General, who shall in-
struct said agent to furnish the same without delay, and a
neglect on his part to comply with such instructions shall
be held sufficient cause for vacating his appointment-
2. It appearing in several instanees.that the payment of
the sick and wounded of this army has been delayed by
reason of their descriptive lists having been signed by non-
commissioned officers temporarily commanding companies,
it is ordered that whenever from any cause the signature of
a commissioned officer cannot be obtained, the said list
shall be signed by a field-officer, or by the adjutant of the
regiment to which such company belongs.
3. The reports called for by paragraph 6, General Orders
No. 62, of June 12, 1863, from these headquarters from
captains of companies, will be made monthly, and will
state, in addition to the name and rank of every officer
having a soldier in his service, and the name and regiment
of the soldier so employed, and the length of time such
service has been rendered.

4. No non-commissioned officer or private can give his
parole except through an officer, and no officer for himself
or his command can, under any circumstances, give a mili-
tory parole not to serve until exchanged, except when deli•
vered to an officer of the United States, duly authorised to
receive him at one of the points agreed upon by the Govern-
ment for the exchange of prisoners of war, or at some other
point agreed upon by the commander of an army to which
he belongs. All other paroles are null and void. Any offi•
cer or soldier of this army giving them will be returned to
duty without exchange, and will be punished for disobedi-
ence of orders.

By command of Major •General MEADE.
S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant General.

The Confederate Navy.

In an interesting article, in which the Patric
glances at recent events and the present aspect of
affairs in America, and declares the cause of the
South to be very far from lost, and that it would
be difficult to understand the Ilosannah! of the
North, if one had not long been familiarised with
Yankee exaggeration, we find some rather curious
statistics and details respecting the Confederate
men-of-war or privateers, whichever they may be
called. The Siecle, as we know, discards both
names, and roundly treats them as pirates :
" Since the destruction by its captain of the Ta-
cony and the capture of the Archer, the Confede-
rate privateers, the identity of which is well esta-
blished, are five in number, the steamers Alabama
and Florida, and the three-masted Lapwing, which
cruise in the Atlantic Ocean; the steamer Georgia,
which has selected for its arena the Sea of the
Antilles; and the three-masted Robert Lee, which
watches the waters of the Bermudas. There is a
sixth, which keeps about Cape Horn, and to which
several ships have fallen a prey, but her name is
not known. With the exception of the Sumter, it
was some time before the names of any of those ves-
sels reached us, and it is to be observed that we do
not even yet know them all, and that many other
anonymous ships furrow the waters of the two
oceans in search of the merchantmen of the North.
It is the struggle of the weak against the strong.
The amount of damage inflicted on Federal com-
merce by the Confederate cruisers is considerable
(by the Alabama and the Florida alone it exceeds
50 millions), and the incessant stings of these auda-
cious skimmers of the seas have excited to fury the
anger of the North, which finds it impossible
to tear from its flank this well-barbed dart. In
vain does it equip whole fleets, in vain despatch its
swiftest steamers. Some privateers have certainly
been captured and destroyed, but the most famous
and dangerous, those which the Federal cruisers are
so anxious to take, have hitherto escaped scot free.
Captain Semmes, the South American Surcouf, has
hoisted his flag on board the Alabama. This daring
sailor is commander in the Confederate navy, he is
the terror of the merchant navy of the North and
the torment of the Federal cruisers, through
whose hands he slips like an eel. The Washing-
ton Government has sent a whole fleet on the
track of the privateers. The gunboat United
States, steamers Erichsen, Honduras, Governor
Buckingham, and Star of the South, have long been
traversing the ocean in every direction. From Bos-
ton have just sailed the steamers Howqua, Iron Age,
Admiral Dupont, Expounder, Daniel Webster, the
school-ship Massachusetts, the revenue cutter
Morris, and the schooner Thomas Woodward ; from
Newport the sloop of war John Adams ; from
Princetown the steamer Shattuck; and finally,
from Philadelphia, the steamer Young America.
All these efforts are particularly directed
against the Alabama and the Florida. To escape
this accumulation of enemies, Captain Semmes
and Maffit will have to redouble their energy,
audacity, and skill. They are not caught yet. Like
the famous Red Rorer of Fenimore Cooper, they
seem to have a talisman that protects them, and
enables them to set both man and the elements at
defiance."

Some of the vessels above enumerated seem
hardly of sufficient force successfully to cope single
handed with the Confederate steamers. I think it
was the Erichsen which some time ago fell in with
Florida, and was glad to beat a hasty retreat after
receiving a broadside, while the Florida, after a vain
attempt to overtake her, consoled herself by burn-
ing a Yankee merchantman before her eyes.

DOCTOR JOHNSON, in ref' erring the English word
"curmudgeon" to the French cceur and mgchant,
gives as his authority for the etymology "au unknown
correspondent"--this suggestion having been one of the
many hundreds made to him during the progress of his
work by correspondents in all parts of the country. it
seems almost incredible, but it is nevertheless true, that
Ash, having appropriated the suggestion, actually zepro-
cuces it in the following form: Curmudgeen, from the
French eomur, unknown, and tachant, a corespondent,"
DEATH OF A MARECLIAL (!) OF THE FRENCH
EMPIRE.—One of the oldest officers of the Grand
Army has just terminated his existence at the village of
Garches, near St. Cloud. Lieutenant-Colonel llarechal
was born at Troyes on the 12th of March, 1774, and died on
the 6th of August, 1863, in his 20th year. lie entered the
service in 1791, and made all the campaigns of the Repub-
lic and the Empire. He was wounded ten times, and, among
other battles, at Eyhtu, Heilsberg, Eckmuhl, Wagram, and
the Moseowa. He was created officer of th;,, Legion of
Honour ea the 6th of April, ISI3,

-a - •
•‘' , Nt.,41 rAy
te 11 Tr

HER MAJESTY.

The Queen in Germany.

ROSENAU, COBURG, Aug. 30.

Her Majesty the Queen drove to the Kallenberg
on Friday evening, and took tea with the Duchess
of Coburg.

Mr. Barnard, her Majesty's Resident at Coburg,
had the honour of an interview with the Queen eu
Wednesday.
The Queen, Princess Helena, and Prince Alfred
attended Divine service at the chapel at the Kallen-
berg this morning.
Her Al ajesty and the royal family continue to
take drives in the neighbourhood, and have visited
the widow of Baron Stockmar and the Prince Con-
sort's former tutor, Mr. Florschuts, at Coburg.
Her Majesty's health is much the same. She is
unable to bear any great exertion or fatigue.