The Sun.
London, England, 1839-05-22 00:00:00

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 22, 1839.

ILLEGAL IMPRISONMENT OF MR. VINCENT.

THE despotic Whigs having evinced their
itde-
termination, by their arbitrary arrests of the Advocates
of Political Equality, to deprive the. People of their Constitu-
tional right of Meeting in PnbPc to discuss their grievances,
the Friends of Mr. Vincent have resolved to bring him up by
a Writ of Habeas, in order to contest the assumed power of
Despotism. The Working Men's Association having resolved
o form a Committee for collecting Subscriptions for the above
object, they respectfully and earnestly solicit the assistance of
all Friends to Constitutional Liberty.
By order of the Committee
ARTHUR DYSUN, Secretary.
_ . .

The Committee meet at the Rooms of the Working Men's
Association, 6, Upper North-place, Gray's Inn-road, every
Thursday Evening at Eight o'Clock, where every information
may he obtained.

NATIONAL ANTI-POOR-LAW AS-
SOCIATION.
A GENERAL MEETING of the MEMBERS of this
ASSOCIATION will be held at the Freemasons' Tavern,
Great Queen-street, on FRIDAY next, at Seven o'clock in the
Evening precisely, at which the Deputies appointed by the va-
rious Parishes are requested to attend.
JAMES DUNCOMBE, Hon. Sec.
4, Gray's Inn-place, 21st May, 1839.

On the Ist June will be published, in foolscap Bvo., cloth
boards, price ss.
THE MISER'S DAUGHTER,
a Comedy ; and MISCELLANEOUS POEMS.

By J. PURCHAS, Esq., a Rugbman.
London : Whittaker and Co., Ave Maria-lane ; Stevenson,
Cambridge ; and Lockyer, Rugby.

HAND-BOOK FOR THE NAVAL SERVICE.

NEW and CHEAPER EDITION, in a neatly bound pocket
volume, price 65., to be had of all Booksellers,
THE NAVAL OFFICER'S GUIDE for
PREPARING SHIPS for SEA.

By LIEUT. CHARLES MARTELLI, R.N.
" A masterly exposition of those complex details on which
the efficiency of our ships depends. No naval officer should
be without it, and it should be in the cabin library of every
yacht."—United Service Journal.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

Te-morrow will be published,
LADY BLESSINGTON'S ' IDLER IN
ITALY."

NEW and CHEAPER EDITION,
In 2 vols. Bvo., with Portrait, 245. bound.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.
4%,,,* Orders received by all Booksellers.

NEW NOVEL BY ONE OF LORD NORMANBY'S

BROTHERS.
Now *eady at all the Libraries, in 2 vols. post Bvo.,
THE FERGUSONS.
By the Hon. EDMUND PHIPPS.
" One of the cleverest and most amusing books that has ap-
peared for a long time."—Court Journal.
"An exceedingly well-cultivated story of high life. The
characters are drawn with skill, and a full knowledge of the
society in which they move."—Age.
" Written in a most agreeable style, and developing its in-
terest naturally and affectingly."—John Bell.
" There is, we venture to assert, not a character or a scene
in The Fergusons ' that has not bad its prototype in the ac-
tual experience and observation of the writer, during his in-
terceurse with the society with which the tale busies itself."—
New Monthly.

" This book has given us a sensation as unusual as it is agree-
able. It is a portrait, not a caricature, of human nature.
Seld, m has the absence of singularity, which is so much the
attribute of the higher classes in England, been so faithfully
represented. The dialogue is always marked by good sense
and feeling."—Examiner.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

THE NATIONAL GALLERY
OF THE

WEEKLY CHRONICLE.
NOTICE TO THE TRADE.

The Trade are informed that the Proprietors of the Weekly
Chronicle will be prepared to deliver, on the First of July, any
number of Portraits of the Duke of Wellington, forming No.
I. of their National Gallery, not exceeding TWO HUNDRED
THOUSAND !

The Trade are also requested to observe that all orders sent
to their London Agents for Portraits must be understood as
ordering also tho same number of Papers on the following week,
in which the Memoir will be given.
To prevent disappointment, and to obtain the beet impres-
sions, all persons desirous of securing this superb Work of
Art should at once begin to enter their names as Subscribers.

THE REFORMERS' PORTRAIT
GALLERY.
COMPRISING PORTRAITS AND MEMOIRS OF
THE MOST DISTINGUISHED LIVING POLITICAL
REFORMERS,
The EIGHTH PART of this highly popular and interest-
ing Work to appear on the Ist of June, will contain very supe-
rior Portraits, accompanied with Memoirs from original and
genuine sources, of
EARL GREY,
MARQUESS OF LANSDOWNE,
LORD PALMERSTON.
In Imperial Ivo. price Ss. ; Folio, with proofs on India
paper, is. 6d.
Published by the new Proprietor, J. Dowding, Newgate-
street ; and to be had of all other Booksellers.
In order to render this Work more easily accessable to
all classes of Reformers, the new Proprietor has determined on
reducing the price of that portion of the Work purchased from
the Assignees of its late Publisher, Mr. Saunders.
Parts I. to VI., Imperial Bvo, containing 18 Portraits, from
18s. to 10s. 6d. the set, and the Folio proofs on India paper,
from 455. to 255.
The Next Part is intended to contain :
EA RL OF DURHAM,
LORD MORPETH,
and
MR. O'CONNELL.

Now published, in one volume, Bvo., embellished with nume-
rous engravings of the Natives of South Australia, &c., price
10s. 6d. cloth boards,

RECONNOITERING

VOYAGES AND TRAVELS,
With Adventures in the New Colonies of South Aus-
tralia; a particular description of the Town of Adelaide, and
Kangaroo Island ; and an Account of the present State of
Sydney and parts adjacent, including visits to the Nicobar and
other Islands of the Iroian Seas, Calcutta, the Cape of Good
Hope, and St. Helena, during the years 1836, 1837, 1838.
By W. H. LEIGH, Esq.,
Late Surgeon of the Australian Company's Ship " South
Australian."
Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill.

Just published in one vol. Bvo., price Ss. (id. in cloth boards,.',;
FOUR LECTURES on the OFFICES and
CEREMONIES of HOLY WEEK; as performed in
the Papal Chapels, delivered in Rome, in the Lent of
)tDCCCXXXVII.

By NICHOLAS WISEMAN, D. D.
Principal of the English College, and Professor in the Univer-
sity of Rome.
Illastrated with Nine beautiful Engravings, and a Plan of
the Papal Churches.

The Sixth Edition, price 4s.

APOPULAR TREATISE on DISEASES
of the GENERATIVE SYSTEM, with a Concise
Anatomical Review of its Organs, and a Physiological Account
of their Functions, Together with Remarks on the more proba-
ble Causes of Local Debility ' • the Nature and Treatment of
Syphilis, &c.: and Practical Observations on an Approved
Method for the Cure of Strictures of the Urethra, &c.
By JOHN GUY,
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, 6, Robert-street,
Adelphi.
Published by the Author, and sold by Churchill, 16, Princes-
street, Soho ; Simpkin and Marshall ; Onwhyn, 4, Catherine-
street, Strand; Wright, 60, Pall-mall; Chappell, 84, Lom-
bard-street, and by all Booksellers.
" The anatomy, physiology, and pathology contained in this
Treatise must be interesting to all, but most particularly to that
class of readers who are suffering from the various maladies on
which it so ably treats."—London Medical and Surgical Journal

WYLD'S GENERAL ATLASES.--
A GENERAL ATLAS of the WORLD, contain-
ing Fifty-Iwo Mops. Colombier folio, full col•ured, 101. 10s.
half-bound.

GENERAL ATLAS of the WORLD, containing Thirty
Maps. Full coloured, 6/. 6s. half-bound.
QUARTO ATLAS of the WORLD. Full coloured, con-
taining Fifty-two Maps. 2/. 12s. 6d. half-bound.
WYLD'S SCHOOL ATLAS, with a copious Index. Its.
ATLAS CLASSIGA, 12s.
*4* These Atlasses contain all the recent discoveries.
GLOBES. £ s. d.
Wyld's 12-inch Globes on chair, high
stands ....
Ditto on short mahogany stands
Ditto on black stands
Wyld's Use of Globes 0 3 0

WINE MERCHANTS, Committees of
Club Houses, Inn and Hotel Keepers' &c., are re-
spectfully informed, that the PROPRIETORS of the
GRAY'S-INN WINE ESTABLISHMENT have now on
SALE nearly SIX THOUSAND DOZENS of crusted
PORT, in high condition, and fit for immediate consumption,
of the shipping of Taylor, Campbell, Quarles Harris, Crofts,
Offley, Fonsoza, Romaneiro, Knowles, &c., from three to six
years in bottle, which they can supply on the most liberal terms.
HENEKEY and COMPANY.
23, High Holborn, London.

pASS AGE to PORT PHILIP and
SYDNEY.
A FIRST-CLASS SHIP, of large tonnage, with a Poop,
and the best arrangements for the comfort of Passengers, and
carrying an experienced Surgeon, WILL SAIL from Gravesend
on the 24th of July, and from Plymouth the sth of August,
direct for the above ports.

Persons desirous to take out their own labourers may have
them conveyed an very eligible terms by this Ship, and will
find her altogether a very superior conveyance. The demand
for agricultural and mechanical labour at the above places is ex-
tremely urgent; and steady good workmen will be conveyed
out NEARLY FREE by this and subsequent ships.
All/particulars may be known on application to Mr. John
Marshall, 2.6, Birchin-lane, Cornhill ; if by letter, to be post
paid.

THE FLORENTINE ANATOMICAL
MUSEUM, No. 27, Margaret-street, Regent-street,
is OPEN from Nine to Five.

The Full-length Adonis and Venus, besides many Physiolo-
gicel and Pathological Illustrations, are modelled in wax, in
exact and surprising imitation of nature, and were the last works
of the celebrated Signor Serantoni, of Florence, the Dissector
of the renowned Mascagni.
Ihe Figures are exhibited by a Female to Ladies every
Evening from Five to Seven.
Admittance, ls. to each suite of Rooms, or 2s. for the whole
Museum.

TO CAPITALISTS.
ANTED for TWO or THREE YEARS
2,000/. to 5,0001., for which Security and Liberal
Interest will be given ; or a Prospective Copartnership Enter-
tained.

This has reference to a Large and Increasing Business of a
Civil Engineer, possessing very valuable and important Patents.
Apply personally (or by letter, post paid,) to Messrs. W.
Thompson and Co. , No. 6, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall.

TO IRON-FOUNDERS and MANUFACTURERS of
STOVE GRATES, KITCHEN RANGES, HOT AIR
STOVES, SHIPS HEARTHS, and STEAM APPA-
RATUS GENERALLY.

WANTED by an Experienced Active,,Ecripn,
a Situation to Superintend or Assist. The Adver-
tiser has several ♦aluable Improvements, which require Capital
to carry them out. Remuneration not so much an object as
employment.
Letters addressed to W. 8., Mr. Ramsay, baker, 93, Can-
non-street, London.

lIIPPODROME, VICTORIA PARK,
BAYSWATER, one and a half mile from Hyde Park-
Corner.—PUßLlC DAY. STEEPLE CHASING on SP,
TURDAT, 26th of May, 18.39.
These Grounds will be opened to the Public for the first
time this Season on Saturday the 26th instant, at the particu-
lar desire of many distinguished Noblemen and Gentlemen,
for the express occasion of affording an opportunity to His Im-
perial Highness the Grand Duke of Russia of witnessing these
National Amusements.

By the express commands of his Imperial Highness, the day's
sport will commence at 4 r.m., when the following Stakes will
be run for; viz., The Birth-day Stakes of 5 sovereigns each,
with 25 sovereigns added free for any horse carrying 12 stone.
4 miles over the Steeple Chase Course.

A winner of a Steeple Chase of 50 Sovereigns or up-
wards at any time (the Steeple Chase having been adver-
tized or noticed in •` Bell's Life") to carry seven lbs. extra,
twice 14 lbs. extra, and Horses having started twice in a Race
as above and not won allowed seven lbs. To name and close
at the Hippodrome Saddling Paddock by Two &Clock on Fri-
day, the 24th.
The Olympic Stakes of 3 Sovereigns each, with 25 Sove-
reigns added. Over the Steeple Chase Course. Free for any
horse carrying 1 Ist. 71bs. Two mile Heats. Extra weights
for winning, and allowance the same as for Birth Day Stakes.
To name and close as above.

The sides of the fences on the Steeple Chase Course have
been deeply laid with tan, so as to prevent jar to the horse or
accidents to the riders, and every precaution will be taken to
raider the running ground safe and unobjectionable.

Horses must be plated and Jockeys dressed according to the
Rules of the Hippodrome. All disputes to be settled by the
Stewards, and their decision to be final.

This Establishment has been entirely remodelled—the
Grounds extended, the Race Course lengthened, and
much improved, and without interfering with the rights
of the Public, the footpath which intercepted the Old
Ground nosy runs at the outside of the Park : thus corn-
pletoly removing the cause of the contentions and
Inconveniences that have hitherto existed. The new Grounds
are entirely surrounded by a high close paling; so that none
can enter but respectable and well-conducted persons who pay
for their admission. All Gambling Booths and Tables will be
excluded.

The prices of Admission will be as follows:
Four-wheeled Carriage
Two-wheeled ditto 3s. Od.
Person on horseback
Person on foot..
Carriages and Horsemen will pay at the Outer Gate, at Por-
tobello-lane, and Pedestrians will pay at the Gate on the
Hill. The Hill which is enclosed for Pedestrians alone will
enable fifty thousand persons to see the sport in safety, without
their being interrupted by Horsemen or Carriages.

Public Cabs, Omnibuses, Carts, and Waggons will not bt
admitted.

None but holders of Proprietors' Tickets, and Gentlemen
belonging t. the Public Press will be admitted free.

The terms of obtaining Proprietors' Tickets, &c., may be
ascertained on inquiry at the Hippodrome Rooms, No. 57,
Pall-mall.

CAPITAL HOTEL, TAVERN, AND
COFFEE-SOUSE,`-eatebliehed more.tllasrs century
in one of the most eligible situations in the City of London, to
be DISPOSED OF, upon very advantageous terms. The
Premises consist of one of the most convenient Houses in
London, in substantial repair, and adequate to a much larger
trade than that now doing, which is upwards of 8,000/. per
annum, the beds alone realizing upwards of 6001., exclusive of
other emoluments, more than adequate to the payment of all
rates, taxes, and servants' wages. The present Proprietor is
retiring, but will not object to continue in the business for a
short time, until his successor becomes fully initiated therein,
and part of the purchase money may remain upon security, at
5 per cent.
Particulars of Mr. Gardiner, Auctioneer, 17, Hatton-Garden.

FIRST-RATE, WELL-KNOWN TA-
VERN.—Mr. GARDINER is instructed by the Pro-
prietor, who is retiring to TREAT for the DISPOSAL of
one of the most LUCRATIVE TAVERNS in the Kingdom.
It ha; been Litany years established, and has always commanded
a most extensive Trade. The returns are upwards of .6,000/.
per annum, at profits equal, if not superior, to those of any
other House in London. It has been mzny years in the present
family, and offers advantages rarely to be met with to an in-
telligent and active successor.
Principals will be treated with on application to Mr. Gardi-
ner, Auctioneer, 17, Hatton-Garden.

ARESPECTABLE FAMILY AND
COMMERCIAL HOTEL, delightfully situate in a
rapidly improving and Fashionable Wa.cring Place, to be
DISPOSED OF BY MR. GARDINER. The premises
have been erected within a few years, are in excellent order,
and include about 40 Bed Rooms, an adequate number of
Sitting Rooms, Stabling of a very superior character, a good
Tap, and every other requisite for conveniently conducting
the Business, which is highly respectable in all its branches,
and has been annually increasing.
Particulars by principals, of Mr. Gardiner, Auctioneer, 17
Hatton-Garden.

AN ESTABLISHED AND HIGHLY
RESPECTABLE HOTEL, TAVERN, AND
COFFEE HOUSE, in one of the most commanding situa-
tions in London, to be DISPOSED OF, it has been
occupied by the proprietor many years, and for upwards of a
cent ury been supported by most respectable professional
gentlemen ; part of the premises may be adapted to a retail
Wine and Spirit Warehouse, to great advantage.
Particulars of Mr. Gardiner, Auctioneer, 17, Hatton
Garden.

COMPACT COMMERCIAL HOTEL,
NJ INN, and COFFEE HOUSE, with Concert and As-
sembly Rooms attached, situated in an important and very
flourishing Town, within 60 miles of London, TO BE LET
upon very advantageous terms. The Premises are in good re-
pair, judiciously arranged, placed in one of the most command-
ing situations of the Town, and have for many years been
patronized by its most respectable inhabitants, independent of
other advantages. Possession will amount to about 8001.
Particulars of Mr. Gardiner, Auctioneer, 17, Hatton-
Garden.

COMMERCIAL INN AND HOTEL.
TO BE LET upon very advantageous terms an Old
Established anti Respectable COMMERCIAL INN, in an
excellent situation in the City of London. It makes up about
25 Beds, has excellent Dining and Sitting Rooms, Coffee
Room, and good Tap. The amount required for possession
will not exceed 1 0001.
Particulars of Mr. Gardiner, Auctioneer, &C., 17, Hatton-
Garden.

THE QUEEN'S HEAD, BILLINSGATE.
ONE OF THE BEST HOUSES IN THE DISTRICT.
MR. DANIEL CRONIN is instructed by
Proprietor to SELL the above excellent PREMI-
v_m. the
....—____
SES by AUCTION at Garraway's, on Thu asm, May 30,
at Twelve. They are held under
nine years, at the extremely
low rent of 631. per annum, are in capital repair, have abundant
accommodation for the marketf trade,
t and a spacious coffee-
room for the accommodation of its s numerous respectable visi-
ters • being a corner house,.7tmentlinst7counptoilLNek:tho°blse°,lfa'sWithhaagrf
Stairs,
and 'Summers Quay
houses in the market.
many years been, one of thnes'bel
May he viewed, and particul'ars had on the premises; at Ca-
raway's; and of the auctioneer, 12, East-street, Lamb's Con-
duit-street.
_____--------

FCONOin GENTLEMEN'S DRESS
MY
.4 FROCK and DRESS COATS, and every other arti-
cle, cut and made in a superior stylefrorn a well selected stock
of goods of first-rate
qualities, at J: CHARLES'S, 171, Fleet-
street. the following is a brief list of prices for cash :
Dress Coats, of fashionable colours 15 0 to £3 0 0
Ditto Saxony Wool, blue or black 215 0 310 0
Frocks faced with silk, bound, &c 218 0 318 0
A large stock of Dalmatias, Ango-
las, &e., for Trousers...... 0 15 0 1 10 0
A beautiful assortment of I.l9;ured Satins, Challis, &c., for
Waistcoats. Young Gentlemen's Suits on the most moderate
terms.
A Footman's Suit of Livery
...£4 4 0
Observe the address, 171, Fleet-street, which gentlemen are
requestedto note down.

His
Majesty
the Kind has been
pleased to appoint Professor Redepenning, of Bonn, to be
Professor of Divinity in the University of Gottingen.
A " Camp Meeting'' of Primitive Methodists
was held in a meadow at Monmouth, on Sunday last, and
was, as usual, largely attended.

INTELLIGENCE EXTRAORDINA RY.--TheLeeds
Intelligencer of Saturday says :—" The Bishop of Salisbury,
the youngest on the Bench, is about to be married to Mr.
Seymour, daughter of Sir M. Seymour."

THE SLAVE TRADE.

It is a melancholy fact, and one, too, about which
there can be no doubt, that after all the labours of
Clarkson, and Wilberforce, and Brougham, and
others, in attempts to put an end to this flagitious
traffic, the trade has increased at least twofold, and
the cruelties of the traffickers in human blood, and
the consequent sufferings of their victims, have in-
creased tenfold. The stain, it is true, has been
wiped from the British name, but since that was
accomplished the cruelties have increased, because
the trade now is solely carried on by the most de-
based of mankind, viz., Spaniards and Portuguese,
and the outcasts of France and the United States
of America. Here is the picture drawn by Mr.
Fowell Buxton, in his work on " The African
Slave Trade," just published :
It is but too manifest that the efforts already made
for the suppression of the Slave Trade have not accom-
plished their benevolent object. The people of England
take a more lively and intense interest in this than per-
haps any other foreign subject. The Government, whe-
ther in the hands of the one party or the other, cannot
be accused of having, for a long series of years, been
wanting either in zeal or exertion for its suppression—
millions of money and multitudes of lives have been sa-
crificed, and in return for all we have only the afflicting
conviction that the Slave Trade is as far as ever from
being suppressed. Nay, I am afraid the fact is not to
be disputed, that while we have thus been endeavouring
to extinguish the traffic, it has actually doubled in
amount. Twice as many human beings are now its
victims as when Wilberforce and Clarkson entered upon
their noble task, and each individual of this increased
number, in addition to the horrors which were endured

in former times, has to suffer from being cribbed up in
a narrower space and on board a vessel where accommo-
dation is sacrificed to speed. Painful as this is, it be-
comes still more distressing, if it shall appear that our
present system has not failed by mischance, from want
of energy, or from want of expenditure, but that the
system itself is erroneous, and must necessarily be at..
tended with disappointment."

This is not a statement made at random, or a
tale dressed up to make an impression at Exeter
Hall, but a matter of fact, substantiated by official
and incontestible documents. Mr. Buxton shows
that, according to returns, there were imported into
five ports of the Brazils during twelve months,
ending July, 1830, 78,331 negroes, into Cuba
annually 60,000, and 8,294 captured in the course
of twelve months, and calculating the casualties at
3,373, that the total number of negroes exported
from Africa in the course of a year amounts to
150,000. This appears from official documents,
but from inquiries and calculations made at
the different slaving ports on the coasts of
Africa, he infers that the negroes exported
thence amount annually to not less than 215,000.
They are purchased with fire-arms and am-
munition, furnished in part from the United
States, but chiefly with goods manufactured for
the purpose in Lancashire and Glasgow, and he has
ascertained that the goods manufactured in the
former district, exclusive of those manufactured in

Scotland, in the year 1836, and shipped to Brazil,
Cuba, the United States, and elsewhere, intended
for and adapted only to the slave trade, was ade-
quate to purchase 187,500 slaves. A strange
coincidence certainly—factory children employed
in making articles for the capture of slaves 7. But
even that amount is small, compared with the gross
numbers that fall victims of the slave trade. The
mortality that is caused by the mode of capture, by
the detention on the coast, the middle psssage, and
the seasoning after landing, Mr. Buxton calcu-
lates at 145 per cent., thus making the number of
victims to the Christian slave trade amount an-
nually to 375,000, and including those carried off
to supply the slave trade in Egypt, the Red Sea, '
and the Persian Gulf, to about 475,000, or nearly
half a million annually. The sufferings of these
unhappy beings during the middle passage are but
too well authenticated,and after the appalling speech
of Lord Brougham last Se3sion, must be familiar to
most of our readers; but even the horrors of the voyage
appear to be supassed by the scenes that occur in
the capture and during the detention of the vic-
tims at the slave trading ports. We give the fol-
lowing account furnished to Mr. Buxton, by Cap-
tain Cook, of the treatment which they receive at
'tire hands'' -of a Christian, a public functionary of
the Queen of Portugal :
" The fact, however, which I am now about to state oc-
curred in August 1837, and came under my own obser-
vation, and to all of which I am ready to bear testi-
mony on oath, if required. Slaves to the number of
250, or thereabouts, male and female, adults and chil-
dren, were brought in canoes from Senna, a Portuguese
settlement at some distance in the interior of Africa, to
be sold at Quilimane, there being at that time several
slavers lying in the river. These unfortunate beings
were consigned to a person holding a high civil appoint-
ment under the Portuguese Government (the Collector
of Customs). These poor creatures were from a part of
the country, where it is said the natives make bad
slaves ; consequently, and as there was abundance of I
human flesh in the market, they did not meet with a ready
sale. The wretch to whom they were consigned, ac-
tually refused them sustenance of any kind. Often have
I been compelled to witness the melancholy spectacle of
from twelve to twenty of my fellow-creatures, without
distinction of age or sex, chained together with a heavy
chain round their necks, wandering about the town in
quest of food to satisfy the cravings of nature, picking
up bones and garbage of every description from the
dung heaps, snails from the fields, and frogs from the
ditches ; and, when the tide receded, collecting the shell
fish that were left on the banks of the river, or sitting
round a fire roasting and eagerly devouring the sea-weed.
Again and again have I seen one or more of these poor
creatures, when unable from sickness to walk, crawling
on their hands and knees, accompanying the gang to '
which they were chained when they went in search of
daily food, for one could not move without the whole.
In consequence of this treatment, they soon became so
emaciated, that the slave dealers would not purchase
them on any terms. In this state, horrid as it may ap-
pear, the greater part were left to perish without food,
medicine, or clothing."

And he states in another part that in the colony of
Mosambique, belonging to her Most Faithful
Majesty, slaves are not unfrcquently buried alive
for trifling offences.
Mr. Buxton evidently despairs of any effective
and immediate remedy. " I must declare my con-
viction," says he, " that the trade will never be
suppressed by the system hitherto pursued. You
will be defeated by its enormous gains (180 per
cent.), you may throw impediments in the way of
these miscreants—you may augment their peril,
you may reduce their profits, but enough, and
more than enough, will remain to baffle all your
humane efforts."

Russia has no interest in this abominable traffic,
and would probably agree to any general plan
adopted by Great Britain, France, and the United
States. On these three naval and commercial
states, therefore, the most free and civilised of the
world, be all the blame. Could they unite for once
in the cause of humanity, make the crime a capital
felony, hang up every captain of a slaver as a pirate,
and hand over the crew to the tender mercies of the
Portuguese Collector of Customs at Mosambique,
we should soon ceaseto hear of the Slave Trade.

The Duke of Sutherland, it is expected, will be
the new Lord Lieutenant of Shopshire, in the stead of the
[ate Earl of Powis.

THE QUEEN."—This splendid new three•
decker, 3,099 tons burthen, which has been building- 30
years, was christened by a niece of Sir Robert Seppings,
who constructed her. The following are the dimensions
of the Queen

ft. in.
Length on the gun deck 204 0
Ditto of keel for tonnage
Breadth extreme .. 60 0
Ditto for tonnage
Depth in hold
Burthen in tons... ....No. 3,099
Extreme length aloft
). Forward 56 4
Extreme height Midships 5O S
Abaft
Launching draft of water—Forward
Abaft
Height from deck to deck—Gundeck 7 3
Middle
Mainc'e •k , 7 0 .
This, except on the main-deck, gives less than six feet
under the beams. She is the largest and finest ship in
the Navy.

A FACT.—A worthy individual residing not
fifty miles from Bunker's Hill, Bradford, lately erected a
domicile for his ass. All went on well, and the building
was completed—covered in and all that. Rejoicing over
his work, a passer by asked, " How d'ye get into it ?' He
then dis:overed, to his amazement, there was no door-
vray.-127alifax Guardian

PRICE sd.

MR. HUME AND HIS KILKENNY

CONSTITUENTS.

Bryanston-square, May 18, 1839.
Sir—lt is certainly one of the most painful events of
ray political life, to be under the necessity of differing
widely with men I so much respect as my Kilkenny
constituents, for whom, in return for their conduct to-
wards me at the last election, I feel so much gratitude
and esteem.

I was proud of the confidence reposed in me by the
electors of Kilkenny, when, without any communication
whatsoever between us, they chose toe for their repre-
sentative ; committing to my care their interests, and,
as far as an individual can sustain them, the interests of
the whole empire.
The charge was confided to me UNCONDITIONALLY
(had it been offered to me coupled by any restriction
or reservation, I should have declined it) : I therefore
considered that it was to be executed according to my
judgment, upon my own sole responsibility.
I have, more than once, even early in my Parliamen-
tary career, been placed in the unpleasant position of
opposing the wishes of my constituents ; but I have
ever maintained and exercised my right, I will also say
fulfilled my duty, of determining for myself in every
case.

My speeches and votes in favour of the reduc-
tion of the Protestant Church Establishment of Ire-
land, of Catholic Emancipation, and of religious
freedom generally, were as inimical to the views
and opinion of many of my Scots constituents as
was my late ote on the Jamaica Bill to those of
the electors I am now, through you, addreEsing.
I withstood much exhortation and entreaty, and per-
sisted in exercising my own judgment. I have perse-
vered, up to this hour, in advocating equal justice to all
parts of the empire, and equal rights to all subjects,
of whatever sect ; and I look back with pleasure upon
the share I have had in promoting and advancing these
important objects.
I was entitled to assume that the constituency, who,
of their own free will (and even against the recom-
mendation of one whom Ireland designates as her Libe-
rator), chose me for their representative, did so upon
their knowledge of the prominent circumstances of my
past political life ; that they wera acquainted with, and
approved of, my conduct in Parliament ; and I con-
cluded that, in pursuing the same independent course,
I should acquit myself of my obligation to them.
The resolutions, however, which my constituents have
forwarded to me, set forth views and opinions so widely
different from those I entertain of the position and du-
ties of a Representative, that I cannot but regret our
not having had a better understanding of each other's
sentiments on these matters before we were placed in
our present relative situations.

I concur in thn opinion expressed in the first. re-
solution, "That a Parliamentary representative should
be the organ for carrying the sentiments of his con-
stituents before the Legislative Assembly ;" for this is
the only constitutional mode by which the mass of the
community can make known their wants and wishes to
the Legislature ; but I dissent entirely from the doc-
trines laid down in the second resolution.

It affirms " That when a representative differs in
opinion with his constituents, and measures of national
consequence are involved in that difference, the repre-
sentative may conscientiously differ with his constitu-
ency ; but if they declare their opinion to him before he
votes, if he cannot vote as the representative of their
opinions, he has no right to vote at all. In fine, that,
being sent to Parliament as a unit to represent the many,
the moment he votes in opposition to his constituency
his representative office ceases."

The citizens of Kilkenny cite no authority for the
stronc, opinion herein expressed : I might, therefore,
merely reply, that I consider a representative in such
circumstances not only justified in voting, but bound to
vote according to his own judgment, though it should
unfortunately be contrary to that of his constituents ;
and here the matter might rest—my opinion against
yours. But this is not the respectful course I wish to
pursue towards men, who, however we may differ on
this subject, have acted a generous part towards me.
I shall, therefore, proceed to quote two authors of
great eminence in support of my opinions. Black-
stone,* no mean authority on constitutional doctrines,
says, " Every Member, though chosen by one particular
district, when elected and returned serves for the whole
realm. For the end of his corning thither is not
particular, but general ; not barely to advantage his
constituents, but the commonwealth." Hence it ap-
pears that each Member represents the common-
wealth, and consequently must not, to please any por-
tion of it, shrink from his duty to the whole.
Blackstone adds, " And therefore he is not bound, like
a deputy in the United Provinces, to consult with, or
take the advice of his constituents upon any particular
point, unless he himself thinks it proper or prudent to
jdo so." It will be admitted that I have always shown
a disposition to bear and consult the wishes of my con-
stituents. In the late instance I spent several hours in
conference with the gentlemen deputed to convey their
opinions to me, hearing all they had to urge, and ex-
plaining fully my own reasons for differing from them :
and could they, by any new argument or information,
have placed the question in a different light to that in
which I had till then viewed it, I was still open to con-
viction, and would undoubtedly have altered my line of
conduct with my altered views.

I will now give you another high constitutional autho-
rity for my version of our mutual relation. " Cer-
tainly t (says Burke in his celebrated speech to the
electors of Bristol), it ought to be the happiness and
glory ofa representative to live in the strictest union, the
closest correspondence, and the most unreserved commu-
nication with his constituents. Their wishes ought to
have great weight with him ; their opinion high respect ;
theirbusiness unremitted attention. It is hisduty to sacri-
fice his repose, his pleasures, his satisfactions to theirs; and
above all, ever and in all cases, to prefer their interests
to his own. But his unbiassed opinion, his mature
judgment, his enlightened conscience, he ought not to
sacrifice to you, to any man, or to any set of
men living. These he does nil., derive from your
pleasure ; no, nor from the law and the Constitution.
They are a trust from Providence, for the abuse of
which he is deeply answerable. Your ;epresentative
owes you not his industry only, but his judgment ; and
he betrays, instead of serving you, if he sacrifices it to
your opinion.

" MY worthy colleague says, his will ought to be sub-
servient to yours. If that be all, the thing is innocent.
If government were a matter of will upon any side,
yours, without question, ought to be superior. But go-
vernment and legislation are matters of reason and judg-
ment, and not of inclination : and what sort of reason
is that in which the determination precedes the discus-
sion ; in which one set of men deliberate, and another
decide ; and where those who form the conclusion arc
perhaps three hundred miles distant from those who
hear tlie arguments?

" To declare an opinion is the right of all men ; that of
constituents is a weighty and respectable opinion, which
a representative ought always to rejoice to hear, and
which he ought always most seriously to consider. But
authoritative instructions, mandates issued, which the
Member is bound 'blindly and implicitly to obey, to
vote, and to argue for, though contrary to the clearest
conviction of his judgment and conscience—these are
things utterly unknown to the laws of the land, and
which arise from a fundamental mistake of the whole
order and tenor of our Constitution.

" Parliament is not a congress of ambassadors from
different and hostile interests, which interests each must
maintain as an agent, and advocate, against other agents
and advocates ; but Parliament is a deliberative
assembly of one nation, with one interest, that of the
whole ; where not local purposes, not local prejudices,
ought to guide, but the general good resulting from
the general reason of the whole. You choose a
Member indeed ; but when you have chosen him, he is
not a Member of Bristol, but a Member of Parliament.
If the local constituent should have an interest, or should
form an hasty opinion, evidently opposite to the real
good of the rest of the community, the Member for that
place ought to be at far as any other from any endeavour
to give it effect." _

These words express better than I could my notions
of the limits of the duty of a representative to his elec-
tors; and I am not sorry that circumstances have re-
.quired me thus formally to explain therm It is not for
the constituency of Kilkenny alone that I now publish
them, but that there may henceforth be no mistake :
and that should any body of electors, in future, think
fit to require my humble services, they may know the
terms on which they will be rendered.
It has always been my wish to give to electors an tifll•
cient co:;troul over their representatives, which is best
done by enabling the former to recisc their choice fre-
quently ; and 1 earnestly wish those Ministers, whom
my constituents are so anxious to uphold, would
concur in the desire of sincere Reformers fora return
to Triennial Parliaments. 1 will support them on this,
and on every other measure calculated to give the peo-
ple their just share in the government of the country.
But in all tyrannical attempts to destroy constitutional
rights, at home or abroad, I candidly tell you I will
oppose them as long as I have a seat in Parliament.
I do not here enter into details of the merits of the
Jamaica question, because your. resolutions do not rest
upon them, and because I explained my opipions fully
to Messrs. Cormack and Laffan, who have doubtless
reported them to you. But I refer you to Mr. Smith
O'Brien's excellent letter to the electors of the county
of Limerick for a clear and short statement of the facts
of the case.

I The citizens of Kilkenny, while they censure, have
yet forborne to reproach me ; they have given me credit
i for acting upon conscientious nictiliCS: I cannot in my

turn but honour , who, under circumstances of great
rritat:on, preserve so•much fairness and moderation. I
am still proud to be the representative of Kilkenny, and
I do stilt hope and believe that, under cur pre.sout im-
proved understanding, we may complete the term of car
Parliamentary connection in mutual esteem and regard.
And now, Sir, with every sentiment of respect to-
wards my constituents and you, I remain your obedient,
humble servant, JOSEPH HUME.
I must request my Kilkenny friends will excuse my
publishing, together with this, my two former letters,
though then marked private. I think them necessary
to show that there was no neglect nor discourtesy on
my part towards my worthy constituents.
John Kilrey, Esq.,
Chairman of the Citizens' Club, Kilkenny.

(Copy.)—No. 2.
Bryanston-square, May 6, 1839.
My dear Sir—l have delayed an answer to your kind
letter of the 29th April, in the hopes that something
might occur to allow me to meet the wishes of my con-
stituents in some manner ; but, to this time, no case has
been made out, and I fear cannot be made.
I would do anything but violate my honour as a
public man ; and I shall to-morrow address the Citizens'
Ciub, from which the resolutions have emanated. I
mean to act towards Jamaica as I acted towards Ireland
against the Coercion Act, and to Canada against the
Suspension Act. The example of those and their results
do not hold out encouragement to support the Jamaica
Suspension Act.
It is to be deplored that so little attention is paid to
truth in the details on this subject ; but they will out in
time. With great regret that I cannot meet your kind
suggestions, believe me your's, sincerely,
(Signed) JOSEPH HUl.llk.
To Richard Sullivan, Esq., Kilkenny

(Copy.)—No. 3.
Bryanston-square, May 6, 1889.
Dear Sir,—l have received yonr kind letters, and
only delayed an answer until I should he more com-
pletely master of the subject which interests you all so
warmly in Kilkenny.
You have long suffered under oppressive legislatiem,
and are able to judge of the feelings, and to have res-
pect for the sufferings of others, under unjust laws ; and
I, therefore, can appeal to you on this oceasioa for a).
fair consideration, and for a just decision.
I shall to-morrow state my views on the subject ; and
it would indeed afford me pleasure if I saw the most
distant prospect of my being able to support what ap-
pears to me to be the most tyrannical measure ever, in
my time, introduced into Parliament.
The Ministers have gone out of their way to do
mischief, and to prevent the fair operation of that great
and benevolent act of emancipation ; and, under the
guidance and influence of a few zealous and well-inten-
tioned men, have made a Ministerial and party question
of what never ought to have been so considered.
Until to-morrow, I remain, Sze,
(Signed) JOSEPH HUME.
To K. T. Buggy, Esq., Kilkenny.
* Commentaries, vol. i., book i., chap. ii., p. 189.
t I quote this passage from Mr. Samuel Bailey's valua-
ble work, entitled " The Rationale of Politißepresen-
tation,” page 130 (a work too little known at yet to repre.
sentative or electors), in ;he general view of which I
heartily concur. I shall forward a copy of it to the library
of the Citizens' Club, hoping that many of my constituents
may be induced to read and consider impartially the opinions
there so ably expressed.