The Sun.
London, England, 1863-03-14 00:00:00

4.18.4

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 14, 1863.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

The Resistance iron frigate, Capt. W. Chamber-
Lain, sailed from Spithead at 3 p.m. yesterday for
Devonport.
The Warrior iron frigate, Capt. the Hon. A. A,
Cochrane, C. 8., sailed for Devonport from Spithead,
at 4 p.m. yesterday, after the return of their Royal
Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales to
Osborne in the Fairy yacht, from accompanying the
yacht Osborne out to sea with the Crown Prince and
Princess of Prussia on board for Antwerp.
Vice-Admiral Sir Michael Seymour, G and
Staff were entertained last evening at dinner by the
ward-room officers of his flagship, Her Majesty's
ship Victory, on entering upon his duties as naval l
Commanderin-Chief of the port and district.
Twenty 110-pounder breech-loading Armstrong
guns have been delivered at Sundown, Isle of Wight,
with a corresponding supply of shot and shell, for
the armament of the Yaverland, Redeliffe, and San-
down barrack batteries, all new works, and a de-
scription of which has already appeared in the
Sun.

A notice has been affixed at the entrance gates to
Chatham dockyard announcing that on and after
the Ist of April next no volunteer will be enrolled
in the Royal Naval Reserve who is above 30 years
of age, to be ascertained by certificates of birth or
baptism.

The following appointments were made yesterday
at the Admiralty :—E.Rivers, chi-f engineer, to
the Asia for the Melpomene, when the latter is paid
off; R. Allen, chief engineer, to the Asia for the
Imperieuse, when the latter is paid off; J. Crew,
W. J. Wise, T. E 'Williams, T. B. Jordan, Henry
Rawlings, and Frederick Earnshaw, assistant-
engineer, to the Rattlesnake on the Coast of Africa,
as supernumeraries; the Hon. Rothwell J. B. Wil-
loughby has been nominated to a naval cadetship;
Edwin J. Jackson and William Terry, master's
assistant, to the Nile.

MARKETS—This Day

COVENT

ARDEN.

To-day's market was seasoi
duce. Most kinds of fruit rul
tables met a slow sale.

aably well supplied with pro-
led firm as to price, but vege-

FRU

5. d. s. d.
Pine apples 8 0 to 10 01
Colonial do., each 0 0 to 0 0
Grapes,per lb 10 0 to 12 0
N'oreign do 1 0 to 2 0
Melons ...
Nectarines, per dz 0 0 to 0 0
Apples, per hf-sv. 2 6 to 4 0
Pears, per do
Oranges, per 100 3 6 to 8 0
Lemons, per 120 3 6 to 7 0
Gooseberries hf eve° 0 to 0 0
Strawberries pr pt 0 0 to 0 0

S. d. a d
Cherries, per lb. 0 oto 0 0
Foreign ditto, puno oto 0 0
Filberts, per lb .. 1 bto 1 9
Walnuts, per 100 0 oto 0 0
Cobnuts, per lb .. 0 oto u 0
Almonds, per bus 0 oto 0 0
Figs, per doz. .... 0 oto 0 0
_Damson . . 0 0 too 0
Currants, per h.sv 0 oto 0 0
rpt 0 oto 0 0
Plums, per do. .. 0 oto 0 0
GRraesepnbgeagrrieess,,ppr do. 0 oto 0 0

VEGETABLES.

Greens, dz bunch 2 oto 2 6 Shallots, per lb .. 0 Bto 0 8
Cabbages, pr doz 0 9to 1 0 Horseradish, pdo 1 oto 2 0
Red ditto 1 6So 3 0 Parsley, per ditto 0 oto 0 0
Savoy do., pr dz 0 9to 1 3 Celery, per ditto 1 oto 1 6
Cauliflowers, pdzlo to 3 0 Beet, per doz. 00to 0 0
Brocoli, per bun. 0 Bto 1 0 Parsnips, per do. 0 oto 0 0
Potatoes, per ton 100 to 150 0 Small salad, p. pn, 0 oto 0 0
New ditto, pr pnt 1 oto 0 0 Mushrooms.p ptl. 0 9to 1 0
Turnips, dz bunch 1 6to 2 01 Artichokes, each 0 oto 0 0
Carrots, pr do 4 6to 5 6 Cabbage lett,score 0 oto 0 0
Cucumbers 0 oto 0 0 Mint and savory.. 0 oto 0 0
Garlic, per lb
Sorrel, per sieve 0 oto 0 0 Radishes, dz hnds 0 oto 0 0
Green peas, h.-sv. 0 oto 0 0 , Tomatoes, doz... 0 oto 0 0
Brus. sprouts,h.s. 1 6to 2 61 Chillies, per ditto 0 oto 0 0
Onions, doz. bn 1 6to 1 9) Capsicums, per do 0 oto 0 0
New Do., dz bun 0 oto 0 0' Rhubarb, per bun 0 4to 1 0
French beans, h.s. 0 oto 0 01 Asparagus, pr do. 0 oto 0 0
Leeks, per bunch 0 OSo 0 01 Seakale, per bun. 0 9to 1 6
NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL.

Turkeys, 4s Od to 10s Od ; geese, Os Od to Os Od each ;
goslings, 5s Od to 8s Od ; ducks, is 6d to 3s ('d ; ducklings,
38 6d to 5s Od; rabbits, is 3d to 2s each; wild do., 10d
to is 2d ; pigeons, Os 10d to is Od each; Surrey fowls,
8s Od to 12s oel_,- chickens, 6s Od to 8s Od; barn-door fowls,
4s Od to 7s Od ; capons, Os Od ; hares, 3s 6d to 4s Od ;
ptarmigan, is 6d to Os each ; pheasants, Os Od to Os Od ;
partridges,Os Od to Os Od ; woodcocks, 3s 6d to 4s ; snipes, Os
to Os Od; teal, Os Od to Os Od • wild ducks, Os Od to Os Od ;
widgeons, is 6d to Os Od ; plovers, Os Od to Os Od each;
guinea fowls, Os Od to Os Od ; roasting pigs, 4s Od to 7s Od
each; Ostend fresh butter, lld to is Id ; English, is ld
to is 5d per lb ; English eggs, 9s Od to Os Od ; French do.,
6s 6d to 75 6d per 120 ; leverets, 3s Od to Os Od each.

AMERICAN DESPATCHES.

SPA:joined are some of the most interesting of the
recently printed despatches on Anurican afLirs.
The following contains Earl Russell's views on the
famous proclamation
EARL RUSSELL TO LORD LYONS.

Foreign-office, Jan. 17, 1863.
My Lord,---The proclamation of the President of
the United States, enclosed in your lordship's de-
spatch of the 2d inst., appears to be of a very strange
nature.

It professes to emancipate all slaves in places
where the United States authorities cannot exercise
any jurisdiction, nor make emancipation a reality;
but it does not decree emancipation of slaves in any
States or parts of States occupied by Federal troops,
and subject to United States jurisdiction, and where
therefore emancipation, if decreed, might have been
carried into € ffeet.

It would seem to follow that in the Border States,
and also in New Orleans, a slaveowuer may recover
his fugitive slave by the ordinary process of law,
but that in the ten States in which the proclama-
tion decrees emancipation a fugitive slave arrested
by legal wai rant may resist, and his resistance, if
successful, is to be upheld and aided by the United
States authorities and the United States armed
forces.

The proclamation, therefore, makes slavery at
once legal and illegal, and makes slaves either
punishable for running away from their masters
or entitled to be supported and encouraged in so
doing, according to the locality of the plantation
to which they belong and the loyalty of the State
in which they thqy happen to be.
There seems to be no declaration of a principle
adverse to slavery in this proclamation. It is a
measure of war, and a measure of war of a very
questionable kind.

As President Lincoln has twice appealed to the
judgment of mankind in, .his proclamation, T ven-
ture to say I do not think it can or ought to satisfy
the friends of abolition, who look for total and im-
partial freedom for the slave, and not for vengeance
on the slaveowner.—l am, &c.,
• (Signed) RUSSELL.
The second series of despatches contains the cor-
respondence between Mr. Mason and Lord Russell,
in which the former is constant in his endeavour
to induce the British GovernmEnt to break the
blockade, and recognise the Confederacy. Earl
Russell's replies are most cautious, and chiefly
confined to the acknowledgments of the receipt of
the letters addressed to him. With regard to the
mediation talked of last year, Mr. Mason writes as
follows :

On the 24th of July, Mr. Mason addresses a letter
to Earl Russell, summing up briefly and forcibly
the claims of the Confederacy to recognition, and at
the same time proposes a personal interview with
the English Foreign Secretary. This interview
being declined, on the Ist of August Mr. Mason
repeats his arguments—

In January of this year, Mr. Mason remonstrates
with the English Government respecting their
views on the question of the blockade. We sub-
join Lord Russell's answer.

EARL RUSSELL TO MR. MASON.
Foreign-office, Feb. 10, 1863..
Sir,-1 have the honour to acknowledge the re-
ceipt of the letter of the January, referring to
the letter which you addressed to me on the 7th of
July last, respecting the interpretation placed by
her Majesty's Government on the declaration with
regard to blockades appended to the treaty of
Paris.

I have, in the first place, to assure you that her
Majesty's Government would much regret if you
should feel that any want of respect was intended
by the circumstance of a mere acknowledgment of
your letter having hitherto been addressed to you.

With regard to the question contained in it, I
have to say that her Majesty's Government see no
reason to qualify the language employed in my
despatch to Lord Lyons of the 15th of February
last. It hppears to her Majesty's Government
to be sufficiently clear that the declaration of Paris
could not be intended to mean that a port must be
so blockaded as rt ally to prevent access in all winds,
and independently of whether the communication
might be carried on in a dark night, or by means of
small low steamers or coasting craft creeping along
the shore ; in short, that it was necessary that com-
munication with it port under blockade should be
utterly and absolutely impossible under any circum-
stances.

In rurther illustration of this remark, I may say
there is no doubt that a blockade would be in legal
existence, although a sudden storm or change of
wind occasionally blew off the blockading squadron.
This is ti change to which, in the nature of things,
every blockade is liable. Such an accident does not
suspend, much less break, a blockade. Whereas, on
the contrary, the driving off a blockading force by
a superior force does break a blockade, which must
be renewed de novo, in the usual form, to be bind-
ing upon neutrals,

The Declaration of Paris was in truth directed
against what were once termed paper blockades—
that is, blockades not sustained by any actual
force, or sustained by a notoriously inadequate
naval force, such as the occasional appearance of a
man-of-war in the offing, or the like.
The adequacy of the force to maintain the blockade
must indeed always to a certain extent be one of
fact and evidence, but it does not appear that in
any of the numerous cases brought before the prize
courts in America the inadequacy of the force has
been urged by those who would have been most in-
terested in urging it against the legality of the
seizure. The interpretation, therefore, placed by
her Majesty's Government on the Declaration of
Paris was that a blockade, in order to be re-
spected by neutrals, must be practically effec-
tive. At the time I wrote my despatch to Lord Lyons
her Majesty's Government were of opinion that the
blockade of the Southern ports could not be other-
wise than so regarded ; and certainly the manner in
which it has since been enforced gives to neutral
Governments no excuse for asserting that the block-
ade has not been efficiently maintained.
It is proper to add that the same view of the
meaning and effect of the article of the declaration
of Paris on the subject of blockades which is above
explained was taken by the representatives of the
United States at the Con' t of St. James's (Mr.
Dallas), during the communications which passed
between the two Governments .some years before
the present war, with a view to the accession of the
United States to that declaration.--I am, &c.
(Signed) RUSSELL.
The recent affair at Charleston has given rise to
the two following despatches :--.

same month ; a principle clearly stated in a letter
I have had the honour to receive from your lord-
ship, dated on the 10th instant, in the following
words The driving eff a blockading force, by a
superior force, does break a blockade, which must
be renewed de novo, in the usual form, to be bind-
ing upon neutrals;" a principle uniformly ad-
mitted by all text-writers on public law, and estab-
-I:shed by decisions of Courts of Admiralty.
I am aware that official information of either of
these events may not yet have reached the Govern-
ment of her Majesty, but the consequences attend-
ing the removal of the blockade (whether to be re-
newed or not) are so important to the commercial
Interests involved, that I could lose no time in ask-
ing that such measures may be taken by her Ma-
jesty's Government, in relation thereto, as will best
tend to the resumption of a commercial intercourse
so long placed under restraint.

I avail myself on this ocu,sion to acknowledge
receipt of your lordship's letter of the 101 h of Feb-
ruary instant, to which I shall have the honour of
sending a reply in the course of a day o two.—l
am, itte., (Signed) J. M. MASON.