The Sun.
London, England, 1863-09-08 00:00:00

OYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road.
in the immediate vicinity of the Great Northern Rail•
way Terminus, at King's-cross.

Patron—The QUEEN.
President—The Duke of BUCCLEUCH, K.G.
Treasurer—Edward Alasterman, Esq.
_ _

This was the first hospital to introduce the principle of free
and instant admission to the destitute sick, without the for-
mality of governors' letters. It is entirely devoted to desti-
tution in its most pitiable form—viz., that which is accom-
pcnied by sickness and disease, and is now of sufficient
magnitude that, with adequate support, it may be rendered
capable of admitting into its wards a very large proportion of
the casual sick of this great metropolis. It requires but the
funds in order to have 500 beds available for the reception of
these the most wretched of our fellow-creatures. Moreover,
it gratuitously affords medical advice and medicine to more,
on the average, than 3,000 out-patients a week.
The Weekly Board feel it their imperative duty to make an
EARNEST APPEAL to the public for continued support,
to enable them to sdmit and relieve the distressing cases that
daily present themselves.
Contributions are received by the Treasurer, Edward
Mas erman, Esq., Nicholas-lane; also by Messrs. Coutts and
Co. ; Drummond and Co. ; Berries and Co. ; Ransom and
Co. ; Prescott, Grote, and Co. ; Smith, Payne, and Co. ; Glyn
and Co. ; Jones Loyd and Co. ; Barclay and Co. ; Denison
and Co. ; W Mares, Deacon, and Co. ; Overend, Gurney, and
CJ. ; Nisbet and Co. ; Messrs. J. Barned and Co., Liverpool
and at the Hospital.
STANFORD S. SMITH Secretary.

RC:OIAL NATIONAL LIF E-BOAT
INSTITUTION
(Incorporated by Royal Charter).
PATRONESS—Tier Most Gracious Majesty the Queen.
I'RESIDENT —Vice-Admiral the Duke of Northumberland,
K.G., F.R. S.
C'lr AIRMAN—Thos. Baring, Esq., V.l'.
DEP UTY-CDAIRMAN—Thornas Chapman, Esq., F.R.S., V.P.
APPEAL.
The Committee of Branagement have to state that, since
he beginning of the year 1880, the Royal National Lifeboat
Institution has expended £32,00 on various Lifeboat Estab-
lishments bn the Coasts of Eng and, Scotland, and Ireland.
The number of lives saved by the Life-boats of the
society. nd other means, since its formation, is 12,800;
or which services 82 Gold Medals, 718 Silver Medals, and
08,480 in cash have been paid in rewards. The Institu-
,ion nas also expended £67,,,0t) on Life-boats, Life-boat
Transporting-cart cages, and Boat-houses.
The Committee desire to express their gratefo! dense of
the generous support which they have received from the
British public during the past few years, a support which
has enab ed them to establish their present magnificent fleet
o, 123 Lifeboats on the shores of the United Kingdom
Deeply sensib e, however, of the great responsibility that
ma's on them to maintain their fleet in a thoroughly efficient
state, and its Crews practised in the management of their
boats, whi .h can only be effected by a large and pe manent
annual income, they earnestly appeal to all classes of their
countrymen to aid them in upholding and perpetuating so
court
great and truly
The Committee gra acknowledge the following con-
tributions :
nationte afluah work.
Tier Majesty the Queen

£ s. d
.. annual 50 0 0

~ .
Campbell, the Hai. Mrs. G. .. .. .. annual 50 0
Clerk, Colonel, R. A. ..
k. • .. .. annual 1 1 0
Coutts and Co., Messrs., Bankers .. .. annual 10 0 0
11+,,:arn1 es,
hla,,,),red,
Currie, wm. Esq., • • ......4th don.lo 0 0
..
..._•_._ _ .• don. 10 10 0
Sir A., ii.U.B. .. 2d don 25 0 n
a Lifeboatand r • -
Fran-
Fenwiek, (=. J., Esq., cost of
sporting Carriage • • • .
.. .. .. 250 0 0
Harvey, Rev. G. G. and Mrs. ..
~ don. 3 0 0
(I;hiceiet-Almtigl
. 7th don. 10 o 0
Martin, Sir Henry, Bart. • • • •
Thom
Moore, Rev. G. B. .. .• • • .. don, 15 15 0
Smith, Mrs. George, Greenwich . • • • • • 30 0
Stirling, Col. Sir Anthony, K.C.B. .. .. annual 20 0
,s, Lady,
Ladyship
•• •• •• ..
.• 16 16 0
collectedby her
Weston-super-Mare,
Willoughby d'Eresby, Lord .. • • • • annual 50 0
Donations and Annual SlV,scriptions will be thankfully re-
eiyed by the Rankers of the Institution, Messrs. Willis,
Percival. and Co. 76, Lombard-street; illessrs. Coutts and
Co., 59, Strand; N'tessrs. Berries, Farquhar. and Co., 16, St.
,?amei's-street, London ; by a 1 the Collectors of Customs
and Bankers in the Unitedkingdom; and by the Secretary
Niehard Lewis. Esq., at the Office of the Institution, )1,
John street, Adeloht London, W.C. .

ment which animates the Lithuanians. If it were
permissible in such cases to cite names, I could men-
tion several Lithuanian families, well known
throughout Europe in connection with recent tragic
events, so completely ruined that their relations say
openly that, if left to their own resources, they
would be without bread. It has formed part of the

plan of the Russian Government to starve the
Lithuanians into submission, and by its system of
confiscations and forced contributions it certainly
has enfeebled the Lithuanian insurrection. But, on

the other hand, it has created a class of desperate
men who, whatever be the general prospects of the

war against Russia, will go on fighting from pa-
triotism, from a spirit of vengeance, and also
because there is nothing else left for them to do.
From day to day, to judge by the Polish news-
papers, the opinion in Poland varies as to the
chances of an intervention. One morning all is
despondency. Europe is accused of looking on
calmly and even complacently at the struggles of
Poland to save her life from Russia; and the
Western ❑ations are compared to fatigued Rimans
at a circus, viewing with shameful interest " the
contest of a Christian gladiator against a wild
beast." Then the Poles are assured that, do what
they may, the Western nations cannot avoid coming
to blows with Russia before long; that they may
hope to escape, but can only postpone the war
which next spring will for a variety of reasons be
inevitable.

It is difficult to say who is to blame, but it is quite
certain that the Poles have been led to believe that
sooner or later they would be assisted from abroad,
and that the great object of diplomatists now seems
to be to avoid giving them assistance. The Poles
complain that they have been deceived, and that too
much has been said on their behalf if speech was not
to be followed by action. But, on the other hand,
what indignation would they not have expressed,
and with reason, if Europe had preserved a strict
silence on the subject of their misfortunes, en the
injustice with which Russia has always treated
them, and the horrible cruelties inflicted upon them
systematically since the very beginning of the pre-
sent insurrection !

As far as I have been able to observe, the people

who have talked least and done most for the Poles

hitherto have been the Hungarians. Daring the
insurrection of 1830 several Hungarian comitats
asked permission to send troops to the aid of the
Pales, and a willingness and readiness to assist them
were also expressed by the Hungarian Diet. I have

met Hungarian ladies who are almost as enthusias
tic as the ladies of Poland on behalf of the Polish
insurrection. If it be said that this social enthu-
siasm bears no great fruits, it must be remembered
that in Poland itself the number of insurgents is
very small as compared with the entire population,
and small as compared with the educated portion
alone, for the plan of the Polish insurrection has
hitherto been to make the war of independence not
short, strong, and decisive, but long, tedious, and
exhausting for the colossal clay-footed enemy.
Volunteers are actually kept back, so that when
there is really a want of fresh victims there is always
a supply forthcoming in superabundance.
However, of the few foreigners who have gone to
the help of the Poles, the Hungarians have cer-
tainly formed the majority. They have not sent
many well qualified to act as officers, but a great
many who cannot have failed to prove themselves
good soldiers. It was thought at one time the Han-
garians would come in large numbers to Poland.
This notion was, no doubt, based on the ancient
political sympathy and social connection which
existed so long between the two nations, and also
on the well-known fact that the Polish legions of
aidH o
wto e
vtehre, Hnuon gpaor
jet::
Hd ue rnign
Dembinski and Wysocki rendered most important
ns
agr itheir
l ewgai or
formed, and, no fh
al
s 8 4bBe .e9n.
as a rule, the only Hungarians not
belonging to the
"emigration" who have placed
themselves at the • service of the Polish Government
have been students from the gymnasiums of Kas-
mark, Leutschau, and F eri all -p es— towns inUp-
per Hungary, borde • ring upon Poland. I suppose
no people in Europe know and understand the
Poles nearly ao well as the Hungarians. The
Poles and Hungarians had, for centuries, insci•
tutions almost identical, and quite identical in
principle ; and whatever abuses may have crept
into the Constitutions of Poland and also of Hun-
gary, the political life in both countries kept up
and developed a genuine love of liberty which dis-
tinguishes them in the present day from
Catholic countries. The suff •
erings of Poland have
been so infinitely greater than those of Hungary,
that an exaggerated and morbid
religious feeling
has been generated in the former country, which
is not to be found in the latte •
and thus se-
veral devout and warlike Poles were found
at ",,,Castel Fidardo fighting in the -
spirit of
ancient crusaders, and mistaking General de
Lamoriciere for Godefroi de Bouillon, while all the
Hungarians who took part in the Italian war seem
to have regarded it entirely from a political point of
view, and, therefore, fought naturally on the side
of Italian independence, as the Polish volunteers, it
they could separate religious from political ques-
tions, must also, without exception, have done. of
course there were very many Poles who fought on
behalf of Italian unity, but these were persons not
to be spoken of in polite society except with a
shudder. The men of the moderate and s)-called
aristocratic party, whose names are generally con-
nected in England and France with the cause of

insurgents.
But more Hungarians than Italians have joined
the Polish insurrection, and they have been, for the
must part, men who cannot be suspected of being
revolutionists for the sake of revolution. The en-
thusiastic interest taken by the Hungarians in the
alien movement—a movement, be it remembered,
wLicn, as it has hitherto been conducted, can in no
way help Hungary—is a valuable testimony to the
generally noble qualities of the Polish nation ; for
the Hungarians are really the only people who
have an intimate and traditional knowledge of
the solid virtues of the Poles, and also of their
national defects—such as their want of fore-
sight, their extreme but perfectly intelligible and
excusable sensibility under oppression next to in-
suivortable, but which, nevertheless, they ought
for a time and for their own sake to have supported,
and their political imprudence, as manifested in a
variety of ways during the last two centuries of
their history.
However, most of the Hungarian volunteers en-
gaged in unsuccessful expeditions from Galicia to
the kingdom of Poland have, after falling into the
hands of the Austrians, been sent back to their
homes under bail ; and it does not appear likely now
that Hungarians or any other foreigners will offer, in
large numbers, to go to the help of the Poles un-
less an armed intervention should be resolved upon
by some foreign government or governments. In
that case, neither Hungarians, nor perhaps, even
thJse Poles themselves who have hitherto abstained
from joining the insurrection iu the field, and who
may also be accustomed to the use of arms, would
be wanted. Nevertheless, it must not be supposed
for a moment, that there are any men in Poland,
one of the most warlike countries in all Europe,
who want foreigners to come and fight their bat-
tles for them throughout. It is against the pos-
sibility of such a thing happening, that the Poles
of the extreme party, who quite reject the idea of
their country being restored through foreign aid,
desire to guard. Wild as these brave, desperate
Lase:.‘ may be—and certainly are—they have never-
theless reflected enough on the modern history of
their own country, especially on the Napoleonic
period, from 1807 until 1812, to understand that it
is habitually made use of to weaken and frighten
the Russians, and abandoned when there seems to
be a good chance of bringing Russia to terms.
" Every one has made use of Poland, no one has
realy assisted her," says M. Guizot in his me-
moirs ; and the opinion of that experienced Minis-
ter and calm, philosoßbical writer is shared by
many despondent patriots who now seem on the
Point of becoming revolutionists, and who have
arrived at what some will think a judicious, others
merely a cynical conviction that no one will ever
help Poland from admiration of the Poles, or from
indignation at the unexampled manner in whim).
the Polish nation is being tortured and murdered.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

THE NAVY.

The Recruit, 6,160. horse power, Commander
A". F. Cottam, iron paddlewheel steamer, was put
out of commission yesterday in Chatham harbour,
and ber Officers and crew turned over to the Speed.

well, 5, 80-horse power. The paddlewheel steamer
Medusa 4, 312-horse power, Master Commander J.
Lome, steamed into the harbour at an early hour
yesterday morning and received on board the officers
and crew of the Recruit for conveyance to the
Speedwell at Woolwich. Commander Cottam hauled
down his Upwards
pennant yesterday afternoon.
of £12,000
have been spent in repairing the Recruit
and fftting
her for sea. She goes into the first-class
steam reserve until final orders respecting her have
been received from the Admiralty. Her internal
fittings, bulkheads, &e , are undisturbed.
The Paddlewheel steamer Salamis, 4, 250-horse
power, fitting at Chatham, has a considerable num-
ber of hands employed on board, in order that no
time may be lost in completing her for sea, though
up t 3 the present time no definite instructions have
been received at the dockyari as to the particular
services for Which she is intended. Her internal
fittings and decorations are on a scale of great
splendour.

The Bloodhound, 3, iron paddle vessel, Lieu
Commander John E. Stokes, which has just returned
to England from the
West Coast of Africa, will
shortly be paid off at
Woolwich. This vessel was
commissioned at the latter port by Lieut. F. W.
Bennett, June 25, 1860, with a complement of 65
officers and men, and left for Greenhithe on the 14th
of the following month to adjust compasses. Sue
arrived at Plymouth July 20, was at the river Niger
in Nov., and at Lagos on the 10th of December.
The Enterprise and Favourite screw steamvessels,
now building at Deptford Dockyard, on the plan of
Mr. Reed, Chief Constructor of the Navy, are now
in a forward state, and have commenced receiving
their 41 inch armour Plates, manufactured by
Messrs. Brown, of Sheffield. The Enterprise has
been fitted with her machinery and her cupola,
which will be armed with four heavy guns.
The Dwarf and Fidget gunboats, built by con-
tract for the Government during the Crimean war,
but which were never brought into service, having
nail their boilers and machinery removed, have been
bfoxen up at Deptford Dockyard, and the timber
appears to be in sound condition.
The Adventure, screw troopship, Commander T.
B. Lethbridge, is ordered to embark detachments of
troops at Portsmouth for conveyance to Canada.
Mr. Stansfeld, M.P., one of the Lords of the Ad-
miralty, visited Portsmouth Dockyard yesterday,
and went on board the iron frigate Hector, and other
vessels in progress at the port.
Yesterday a public trial was made at Chatham
dockyard of a new description of traction engine
invented by Messrs. Aveling and Porter, of Roches•
t•r, which has been brought into use at the dock-
yard for conveying the machinery and other heavy
materials used in the improvements now in progress
at the establishment to and from the dockyard
works. The experiments were carried out under
the inspection of Professor 0. Beylich, of Kaiser-
lantern, and a party of foreigners, who have been
specially
deputed to visit this country to re-
port upon the invention previous to its
introduction into Bavaria. Shortly before two
o'clock three of the engines, each having a
heavy load attached, started from Messrs Aveling
and Porter's works, on the Strood side of the Ro-
chester-bridge. The first engine weighed 12 tons,
and was one of several on the eve of being shipped
to be employed on the sugar-
to Kingston, Jamaica,
growing estate of Messrs. Salomon and Co. At-
tached to the engine were two lorries, each con-
, teining three cast iron girders, to be used in the
works now in progress at the dockyard. The uni-
ted weight of the girders was 18 tons, and of the
two trucks 5 tons. To the second engine were at-
tubed five empty lorries, each weighing 21 tons,