The Sun.
London, England, 1830-12-25 00:00:00

LONDON, SATIIIIDAY bECEiItIBER

NATIONAL REPOSITORY, CIIIIiING CROSS.

PATRON.
THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY.
NOTICE.

HE present EXHIBITION of the N.AI.
TIONAL REPOSITORY will CLOSE to the
PUBLIC on WEDNESDAY Next, the 28th instant.
Manufacturers, Patentees, Modellers,-, Mechanical
Draughtsmen, and others, who furpose sending. their,new
Inventions or Improved Productions fur the next Annual
Exhibition are requested to notice, that arrangements will
'be made for reopening the National Repository to the
Public early in the month of March, 1831.
(By Order) ' -
Dec, 29, 1830. ' J. S. TULL, Secretsry.

In a few days will be published, in 1 vol. with a beautiful
• Portrait,
r rHE LIFE of Sir HUMPHREY DAVY,
Bart., late President of the Royal Society, &c. &c.
By A.. 1. PARIS, M.D. Cantab. P.R.S.
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, &e. &c.
Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, New Burlington.
street.

CONGRESS OF VIENNA.
Thig day was published, in 2 yob. post Bvo. 21s.
JOURNAL OF A NOBLEMAN.
Comprising a NARRATIVE of his TRAVELS
from MOSCOW to VIENNA, and of kir RESIDENCE
in that CITY during the CONGRESS, with numerous
Anecdotes of distinguished Characters.
Henry Ca'burn and Rickard I3entley, New Burlington-
street.

MR. THEODORE HOOK'S NEW WORK.
This day was published, in 3 vols. past See.
114 A X WEL L.
By the Author of " Sayings and Doings."
" One of the writers whose reputation will exist, and
even increase in celebrity, is the author of Maxwell.'
He has inimitable talent at working out the humours and
whinaisalities of character. His portraits are marked by
life, truth, and erigisality. There is not a page in the
book which might not have been tinted, and which it
would not have been amusing to hear, The truth is that
the author is a man who can talk himself, and whose ideas
habitually leave him in a form to amuse and sirike."—
Apectater, _ _

-Henry Cidburn and Richard Dudley, New I)artington-
•treet.

This day were published, in 2 rol% Bvo. with Map and
Twenty illustration%
CAPTAIN ALEXANDER'S TRA-
VMS to the SEAT of WAR in the EAST.
" The travel's of Captain Alexander in Russia and
Turkey, include interesting particulars of the late war
between those countries, which no Englishman except the
author could have become possessed of. The favour iu
which the Captain was held by the Emperor Nichols%
gave him the rarest opportunities of acquiring interesting
knowledge, and enabled him, among other things, to re-
veal to the world some new anecdotes of the celebrated
Empress Catherine, into whose concealed suite of apart-
meats Captain Alexander was by special privilege ad-
raitted."—Globe.

Henry Co!burn and Richard Bentley, Nrw Burlington,
street.

UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF THE KING.

From Paintings by Sir T. Lawrence, Sir M. A.Shee,
Sir W. Bentley, Jackson, Phillips, Hoppnar, Copley,
Howard,. Owen, Hayter. &a.
NATIONAL PORTRAIT
OIL-
THE
LERY of ILLUSTRIOUS and EMINENT PER-
SONAGES,,particularly of the Nineteenth Century : with
Mensoi: s,

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

OXFORD, Dim 24,—0n Sunday last the Lord Bishop of
this diocese held an Ordination in the Cathedral at Christ
Church, when the following persons were ordained :

DEACONS.
11. D. Harrington, M.A., Fellow of Exeter College.
C. Lushington, M.A., Student of Christ Church.
C. 0. Mayne, 8.A., Student of Christ Church.
W. Parker, M.A., Fellow of New College.
R. Fawssett, 8.A., Fellow of Lincoln College.
J. Guillemard, Fellow of St. John's College.
T. C. Curties, Fellow of St. Jokes College.
PRIESTS.
C. R. H. James, 8.A., Curate of Skifford.
D. M. Bourne, 8.A., Scholar of Worcester College.
J. Beauchamp, 8.A., Clare Hall, Cambridge.
R. Narington, M.A., Fellow of Brasenose College.
J. Phelps, 8.A., Scholar of Jesus College.
D. J. George, 8.A., Scholar of Jesus College.
R. Hawkins, M.A., Scholar of Pembroke College.
F. E. Paget, 8.A., Student of Christ Church,
W. S. Esoott, S.C. 1., New College, Curate of Cornwell.
W. R. Browell, Fellow of Pembroke College.
G. H. Hadfield, M. A., Scholar of Pembroke College.
T. Edmondea, 8.A., Scholar of Jesus College.
C. Williams, M.A., Fellow of Jesus College.
C. S. F. Fainshswe, 111. A, Demy of Magdalen College.
H. H. Rohm% M.A., Chaplain of Christ Church.
J. Jordan, 8.A., Clare Hall, Comb., Curate of Handbrol.
T. H. Hawes, 8.A., Magd. Hall, Chaplain of New Coll.
E. P. Blunt, M.A., Scholar of Corpus Christi College,
' Curate of Wardington.
St. \lucent L. liammick, 41..44, Fellow of Ex r_ College.
W. Y. Mills, 8.A., Trinity College, Curate of Shawn.

VISCOUNT GObERICH ON ,THE RE-

VENUE AND, PANIC IN Iks,

When Lord Goderich was entrusted with the
seals of the Exchequer, in 1823, circumstances
were, in many respects, favourable to him. Con-
siderable reductions had previously taken place
in the public expenditure, various taxes bad been
materially diminished, and the produce of the
Revenue was improving. The ratio between
income and expenditure had become such as to
leave a coesideritble surplus, and his Lordship
lost no time in availing himself of this circuity
stance, tor the purpose of commencing a syste-
matic diminution of our heavy taxation, which
upon .every account he deemed to be essential
to the well-doing of our finances. He opened
the subject to the House of Cnmmons at an un-
usually early period of the Session (a practice
to
.twhich he uniformly adliered,in subsequent
-ye:ipi), and after shoving nil the surplus
might be taken at 7,200,000/. lie proposed an
immediate reduction of direct taxes to the amount
of 2,200,0001: or 2,300,0001., including the
whole of the assessed taxes in Ireland. He
appears to have thought that many reasons com-
bined to render it more advisable to make at
once this great reduction upon the assessed
taxes, which were felt by all classes to press with
peculiar severity.; and the satisfaction with which
this measure was received by the publie,. justi-
fied his determination. He took, however at

. •
the same time another step in the reduction of
duties, founded upon a different prinCiple, to
which it: is material to advert, not . only on ac-
count of its intrinsic importance; but because he
afterwards carried it still further with the most
complete success. There had long' prevailed,
both in Ireland and in Scotland, an extensive
and, most mikhievous system of illicit distil-
lation; various means had been resorted to for

suppressing it, but without success ; and the
description which Lord Goderich gave of its
evil character and consequences, was in no
degree overcharged. r There seemed to remain no
alternative but such an effectual diminution of
the duty upon spirits in that part of the United
kingdom, as would take away from the illicit
distiller the temptation to prosecute his unlaw
ful and demoralizing traffic. No diminution,
however, would have proved effectual, that was
not carried to an extent which many might
have thought would cost the revenue more than
upon Lord Goderich's calculation it could
afford. He, however, came to a different con-
clusion ; and although the loss to the revenue
consequent upon the 'diminution which he Fm-
posed, would have been no less than 800,0001.
per iannum, if the measure did not effect its
object. of stopping illicit distillation, he never-
theless was so satisfied 'that it would fully an-
swer the intended purpose, that he did not hO-
mitate to incur the risk, Mating at the. time hie
entite conviction,' that in the result no loss
whatever to the revenue would be sustained.
The accounts since laid before Parliament en-
tirely warrant this anticipation. Lord Gode-
rich acted upon this principle upon various subse-
quent occasions, and duringthe four yearsiu which
he was charged with the duties of Chancellor of

the Exchequer, he repealed taxes to the amount
of no less than 9,000,0001. it is not necessary
to go into detail upon this subject, but it may
be stated generally, that his plan appears to have
been to apply the modification of taxes systema-
tically to the following, objects. 1. The dimi-
nution of the annoyance and pressure of the di-
rect orassessed taxes. 24 The suppression of
smuggling, and the extension of legitimate com-
merce, by the diminution of duties either highly
restrictive, or positively prohibitive. 3. rhe
extension of the hothe consumption of various
articles, the duties upon which were so high es
to constitute a material portion of their total
charge to the consumer. Differences may natu-
rally exist as to the precise mode in which these
principles were applied, but no one, we think,
can deny that they were sound in themselves;
and Lord Goderich has since had the gratification
of finding that his hopes of effecting good have
been completely realized, and that a reduction
of duties amounting to 9,000,0001. has not upon
an average cost the Revenue more . than
2,000,0001.; a sum considerably less than he
had ventured to anticipate, and evincing, a large
and regular increase in the consumption* by the
mass of the people, of all articles charged with
duty. these measures were in progress,
we find, upon reference to the proceedings in
Parliament, that Lord Goderich's attention was
also steadily applied to a reduction of the great
expense of collecting the. Revenue, and many

important measures, aiming at that object, were
carried into effect ; and although it is obvious
that the full benefit of such measures cannot in
any case be attained at once, a great diminution
Of the charge 'was immediately brought ahout.:
Our limits will not permit us to enlarge upon
other parts of Lord Goderich'a administration
of the finances, which nevertheless involve ques-
tions of much interest in themselves; but in the
year 1825 events took place, commonly called
the panic, to which we feel bound to advert, be.,
cause Lord Goderich has been most unjustly
charged with having first tended to promote' it
by the exaggerated picture which he drew in that
year of the prosperous condition of the country,
and of having afterwards accelerated its effects by
the language which he used; in conjunction with
Lord Liverpool, upon the subject of country
banks in England, in a correspondence with the
Governor of the Bank. , With respect to the
first charge, we will give his defence in his own
words, as delivered in the House of Commons

in the year 1826:—" By coming boldly to
the discussion of that remedy, it would be seen
that the difficulties of the plan which he had
suggested had been considerably over-rated, and
that the fears of the country bankers bad been
carried to an extravagant length, And when
he mentioned the country bankers, let him not
be misunderstood. Ile condemned the taw
under which they acted, but he did not condemn
them• it wds to the system, anti not to the
men, that be alluded; and it was that system
which he was anxious to alter. ..ks to the indivi-
duals connected with the present private banks,
he believed firmly that generally they were en-,
titled to the highest praise for honour, integrity,
and stability. It was the system under ;Mob
they. acted that produced the evil; and ht felt
convinced, that the alteration in that law which
ho now submitted to the CommittPe, wPuld not
have the effect of shaking that confidence which

the country was disposed to place in them."—
We will add on our own part, that we quite con-
cur in these statements, and that we cannot
take so narrow a view of the condition of such
a country as this, as to conceive that it is to be
estimated by, the events of one particular year.
Human foresight cannot anticipate every fluctuat
tion of circumstances; human prudence cannot
avert every casual evil ; the duty of the Minister
and the Legislator is to act upon sound 'print
ciples; with honest intentimis ; and he may con-
fidently entertain the hope of seeing most of
tlinJ difficulties which are incident to civil so.
ciety, successfully overcome.'
With respect to the second charge to which
wehave alluded, it has always appeared to us to
be perfectly unfounded.. It proceeds from a
sort of assumption that the correspondence in
question preceded the panic, whereas it 'did
not.: tine place, and certainly was not made
public till long after confidence had begun to
' revive, and business had reverted to its natural
channels., The first symptom of the panic took
place in August, 1825, when the Plymouth bank
failed. It is now known to have long been in a
rotten condition ; but its dealings were exten-
sive, and the consequences of its failure spread
fir and wide, producing universal alarm : other
banks gave way in succession, both in 'London
and the country ; some which were perfectly
sound were severely run upon, and exposed to
great danger ;:the value of all public securities
rapidly deteriorated; the stocks fell ; money was
hastily and extensively drawn out of the savings'
Banks; Exchequer bills, which had been at a
high premium, fell to a discount, and many
holders of them required money in lieu of fresh
bills, when the period of payment came round.
The Bank of England in the mean time was ex-
posed to a formidable' drain upon its specie,
and we have good reason to believe
that many influential persons urged upon
the Ministers the absolute necessity of an
Order of Council, to prevent the Bank from
paying its notes in gold. The Government,
however, firmly resisted every suggestion of that
sort; they saw the tremendous evils which
would infallibly result from its adoption, and
they had good reason at that time, from
a variety of concurrent circumstances, to
:deny its necessity and even its expediency. The
event jnoitied their firmness ; and it was not
until all immediate cause of alarm seas over, and
the Bank relieved from any chance of danger,
that Lord Liverpool and Lord Goderich called
upon that body to consider in what mode the
country might be best protected against the re-
currence of' so great a miSchief. The corre-
spondence in question was not laid before Par-
liament till the month of February, 1826. It
is then evident that, evenif exception may rea-
sonably be taken to any particular expressions
in that correspondence, no part of the previous
panic can by possibility be ascribed to it. We
have not space to notice with any parti-
cularity the measures brought forward by
Lord Liverpool and his colleague, for improving
as they thought, the condition of our currency;
but with respect to the first, which provided for
the extinction of one-pound notes at an earlier
period than was settled by the then existing law,
Lord Liverpool and Mr. Robinson proceeded
upon the principle, that the inconveniences which
might be felt from the want of the smaller notes,
and the possible contraction of the general cur-
rency which it might occasion, would be fairly
Counterbalanced by the security which all other
issues of Bank paper would derive from it; and
as to the other measure which was intended to
give greater, facilities to the establishment of
country banks upon the Scotch system, but
Which was rendered comparatively inoperative
from the difficulties arising out of the Bank
Charter, we will only say upon this occasion,
that we agree with what Lord Goderich stated
last 'Session in the House of Lords, that the
time is fast approaching when these difficulties
must be entirely removed.—National Portrait
Gallery cj") Illustrious and Eminent Perionages.'

REFORM-REPEAL OF THE UNION.

PUBLIC BREAKFAST.
(Abridged from the Dublin Morning Re.iister of
Wedneldity.)

Yesterday the usual weekly public breakfast of
the friend:, of the repeal of the Union was given in
Mr. Home's Hotel. Long before the hour appointed
for the commencement of the d mission, the large
rooms of the hotel became so excessively crowded,
that it was found absolutely necessary to adjourn to
the Public Mart, Before the udjournment was
carried into effect, there were loud calls for Mr.
Ronayne.
Mr. JONAYNrt rose and said, Gentlemen, on ap-
proaching this lions° a printed plecard was put into
my hand, commencing 'with the word itigralitude,"
and appealing to our generosity and gratitude, as
Irishmen, in favour of a public proce.sion in honour
of the new Lord Lieutenant % arrival in 'llk country.
Were that illustrious noblern,in to approach our
~hores as the Marquis Of Anglesea simply, and not
44 the representative of a government winch avows
its hostility to the restoration of our rights in the
restitution of our domeittic legislature, no man would
be more anxious than I would to evince the respect,
the, edmiration, the gratitude, and affection every
lionest Irishman feels for him personally .—(Cheers.)
—But, gentlemen, under existing circumstances,
would net any_ public demonstration, such as that
contemplated by the writer of this anonymous
placard, be construed into an evidence of public ap.
provel of the sentiments avowed by the Gallant
Marquis on the subject of the repeal—at approbation
of some of the first acts of Earl Prey's administration
with respect to Ireland—l allude to some of the
recent law appointments.—(Hear, hear.)—That
Noble Earl has lately stated himself to be unac-
quainted with the state of Ireland. I urn glad he
has made the avowal, as it at least exculpates him
front the charge of intentional insult to her feelings,
by the elevation of Mr. Doherty to the dignity of
a Chief Justiceship.—(Cheers.) We had on Satur-
day a sdlendid procession in honour of him, who
has done more for is country than any Man Lying,
or, indeed, any man who has gone-before him; that
display was gratifying to every lover of Ireland, not
merely because it was affection's tribute of gut'.
tide and respect, but because it was an mi.
,eqoittocal, a decieive manifestation of politic opintop
in fOvour of a repeal of the linion.—(Hear, hear.)
-=Can it be any !mixer justly considered IQ, if we be
so' inconsistent as tobave last week given a triumphal
reteptioe to the great champion of repialoutil this
week a similar coMpliment to him who is its de•
dared enemy, and who has beep, believe, se-
lected as Viceroy of this country, in the foolish
expectation that his popularity would have the
effect of diverting us from our efforts for the

regeneration o . Ow, country ?-4 Heart bear.)-~'
Gentlemen, I thank God, the day is fast approach.
ing when all sectened parties in this country -will
merge their unhallowed dissensions in remiss, love
for Ireland. Does not the cheering union of orange
and green, which we witnessed on Saturday, justify
my anticipations:—(Great cheers,)—The time+ in
which we live are peculiarly favourable to the march
of liberty everywhere. Paris hoe. struck the' firat
blow for liberty, and. behold the glorious cnnse-
quences in the independence of Belgium and PO-
land,—(Loud cheering.),
At the conclusion of Mr. Boneyne's speech, it
was decided to adjourn to the Mart. In a few mi•
nutes this wide and extensive building was filled;
and when Mr. O'Connell entered the place of meet-
ing, there could not be less than two thousand gen.
tlemen present; there were also 950 ladies, who
came for the purpose of witnessing the proceedings.
Upon his entranettafe. O'Connell was received
with the most entiiiiiiastic cheers. . A chair was
procured and placed on 'the centre table; Mr. Mar-
key was first called on to preside, which he did for
a short time;_ he was then succeeded by. Mr. Wil-
liam Kertland, and the proceedings Went on with
their usual regularity.
Mr. 'O'CoNsxm ascended the table, nrttly. In
doing so, he perceived Mr.'M'Cleery was amongst
the gentlemen in attendance, immetifistrty
stretched out his hand to Mr.,MfCletry, and seid,
" Shake hands with me„.l.lavy.'' The offer was
cordially accepted by Mr. M'Cleery,l and kastis
were shaken by these two men, who forAtersetatty
veins had been so violently, politie4lly. israft,-v!ts
;nay say, personally opposed to eseh other* 't+e
-,cene excited the Met enthusiastic joy in Ole
assembly. When the cheers had subsided, Mr.
O'Connell proceeded to say, " it does my heart
good to see a little aggregate of Irishmen ag.ein. _I
.trit, indeed, delighted to see Irishmen now cungre»
pled for no party or sectarian purpose, but meeting
with the object of forwarding that which will most
tend to the common good of all. lam delighted to
see an assemblage into which no dissensions are *l-
- to enter—where all our former, differences

vanish, and where our only contest is to be—who
can serve Ireland best.—(Hear and cheers.) Many
topics of public interest have been discussed at those
breakfasts; bat, latterly, the alleabserbing question
of the repeal of the Union has set all other matters
to rest. That question is one of too much wind
importance—it combines within itself so many great
interests—it is a question of life and den, h —cam-
bining within itself the existence of our country as a
nation,--involving at once the charities of public find
of private life—the support of our leboisrit.g poor
and the employment of our wretched artisans—it is
one so great, so vast, and so important, that in it
(it cannot be wondered at) all ethers should for e
time be absorbed.—(Hear.) Our recollection of
other topics is now, however, revived, and we cornet
back to the discussion of them with double energy
and enereuved zeal.—(Hettr.) Among. thee
que -
dons is the great ono of Parliamentary Reform—it,
now comes forward in a new 'bap*. We now see,
for the first time in the memory of man, all England
coming forward to look for Reform—all Scoduid,
too, is requiring Parliamentary Reform. The people
of England are demanding it in a manner too fright-
' ful to be neglected; their determination to obtain
Reform is followed by a destruction of property too
awful for any government to hesitate iss their retro-
lutions as to what is necessary for them to lio, Ire
their present efforts for Reform, I may be told that
the present Ministry do not require any impulse
from abroad.—(gstar.) Ido sot believe it. The
. present Whig Ministry, before they came iettrottice
protnised a great deal. I believe that they are in-
clined to do nothing, if the voice of the people:do
not compel them. There are, I think, amongst,
them, many who would be sorry to be obliged to
keep their words.—(llear.) In this censure Ido
not.aman,to include Lord Althorp. lam convinced
that if there be an honest man in place (and it it ex-
tremely difficult to find one), Lord Althorp is that
, man. He was one of the minority of 2 who joined
with me in seeking for the vote by ballot—for be it
knovin that thud the honour to be the first ,man in
the House of commons who proposed Ow eotorilb,Y
ballot. Irishman' demagogue, .and Pepiet .ass 1 tam,,
this honour must be conceded to me at all events,—
(Loud cheers.) it %%snot fashionable at that time
to countenance the vote by ballot. Lord Althorp,
however, scorned to be fashionable, and he voted
honestly with me for that great measure of Reform.
Lord Althorp is certainly an honest men. - There is
another honest man in .the. Ministry, and, what is
more remarkable, that man is a lawyer.—(Litughter.)
I do believe that. Denman, the AttorneyeDene-
ral, would set at defiance all the baits of ell the
books the devil could provide for him. I Kay-thise
because I am certain of his support, as an individual,
"olthe 13111 of which I hove given notice, and in
which it should be provided that the truth should
be given in evidence in all prosecutions for libel.—
(Hear and cheers.) There are a great many be-
longing to the present Ministry of whom I entertain
but a slight opinion, and Mr. Spring. Rica is one of
whom his countrymen, I can tell him, " think but
small beer of."—(Leughter.) Ile was extremely
anxious to have my support in Limerick, though he
carefully kept away from me when a conspiracy was
formed against me.—( Hear.) .1 do stow tell " small
beer Rice," that he shall yet hear of me in Lime.
rick; rind I think I shall turn his " small beer" sour.
—(Laughter.) As to Earl Grey, I declare that I
have not the least confidence in him. Ile was a
democrat in early life.--he became a Lord, Clod
knows how or in what Whig revolution, and he
now begins to talk of " aiw order,"---(Year, hear.)
He will be obliged to do something for England
he must do something for Scotland—and with re-
spect to Ireland, what does he do ? Ile threatens
us with Proclamations and Algerine Acts. Earl
Grey, I defy you.--(Cheers.) Here, from this
place, encircled as I ,am by Orangemen and:Ce-
tholics, I tell you I defy you.--(Hear, heariend
loud cheers.) Can I have any confidence in, an Ad-
ministration which could have so thenooncul us ?
Can I have confidence in an AdMinitinatiOn which
could have mud/ ,such legal amingemtnis as have
recently taken phi.., and of which I, shall nor now
think snore horribly that to say, that Al were such
as no honest man of any party ran be settefied with?
--(Bear,) Are we, , through. confidence in them,
to Abandon the question of Parliamentary Reform ?
Are we to cease in our exertions to. serve-our
country, because a few Lords and men of property
choose to keep away from us. We have beta used
to a kind of aristocratic protection in our pobreal
proceedings, and this is ow* great resents why I
have been delighted at emancipation, because it line
relieved us from that species ofpetrototge. In the
struggle for emancipation, I had to resist the at-
tacks of its opponents, and to endure the *hose of
those arrayed against tee; but of all other, the
thing most galling to my, heart, and which 1 always
considered must dehaving to myself was, the ,pis.
twine of those Lords and great Gentlemen who
pretended to be our friends, and who wished to
keep us in bondage, that they might continuo tlaeair
mighty patronage. As I am upon this sidiject,
wish to say a few words of theMarquie of Anelesea. It
line, I am told, been mid, that I desired a public insult
'Wield be offered to him upon hi* entry into Dublin.
I wished, I desired no such thing—it would be un-
worthy in me to do so. It would be unworthy of
the people to exhibit any manifest disrespect fa rthe
Noble Lord; but, on. the other hand, the declaration
of Earl Grey, and the arrangeinents in the Owns of
justice, tlittentide him from any part iculer compli-
ment from the people. (Hear, and cheers.) I de
not presume to Wetter*, with the wisboi of ile
public on this point; but On the one hand, as I con-
sider that it would be base to ntler the Noble Mar-
quis any disrespect, *o, on the other, would it be
abject elavery to join in any compliment to him..
(Hear, hear.) 1 came back to the great question of
Periiamentery Reform. What our present Atio.i,oty,
I think, would wish to give us %veld be itie,etn.,llast
quantity of tut/dente Reforni.....(Hver send ltrOgteskt .)
I have, all my, life, bated half tatesures; I hreteelso
been of opinion that the telJow who, eirarento
three fittbings in the pound, when he was able: