The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-13 00:00:00

TIM SON. LONDON, 1 UESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 13, 1853.

tine goes on at Westminster, who heeds whether a
less prejudiced and more active administration
might
hhttna: thet hav
wespek of sanitary r
arredu sthisreproaefeehr.m
beganltish in
time
earnest. Let the recommendations of the commis-
sionersand promptly carried out, and let
theoffi bece fursolflhyealth for each district be appointed,
not from favour, seniority, or influence, but from
their energy and fitness for the task. Let the state
of our barracks be at once looked to, and let them
be as far as possible removed from marshy hollows
and river banks to the dry and airy hill stations,
from whence, if needed, they could be quickly sum-
moned by rail. Our ladian authorities had better
look to it, for not even regard for the influential
connection of the GREYS will induce Englishmen
to suffer official inaction and incapacity any further
to trifle with the lives of their fello w-subjtcts.

An interesting ceremony took place on Saturday
in the Collegiate Institution of Liverpool ; and espe-
cial interest was imparted to the proceedings, from
the fact that the Earl of DERBY, who presided at
the distribution of the prizes, himself laid the foun-
dation stone twenty-three years ago. There is no
living orator who, better than Lord DERBY, can
perform a task of this kind. The genial style of
the noble lord's discourses, and his ready sym-
pathy with the progress and prospects of educa-
tion peculiarly fitted him for the undertaking.
His long and comprehensive speech will be found
replete with interest, and will well repay perusal
by all who take any pains to inform themselves
of the state of education generally, which, without
reference to any particular branch or especial de-
partment, is always well qualified to engage atten-
tion, and to attract notice. As Lord DERBY re-
minded his hearers, at the outset, twenty-three
years was not a long period in the life of an in-
stitution like that before them, hut it was quite
long enough to enable them to take a retrospec-
tive view of the establishment and progress of the
college. It was always useful, and also interesting,
to look back to some definite period, and from that
starting-point watch how much progress has been
made, and of what sort, and in what direction.
Nearly all these queries might be answered satis-
fectorily, if we trace the history of education from
fifty years ago, when, as the noble president ob-
served, be himself shad been an Eton school-
boy. The deficiency of education at that time
was a striking subject for general regret,
and even when pains was taken the know-
ledge acquired was not of the class that
befitted men for the actual and active business of
life. The elegant, refined, and classic style pre-
vailed to the almost total exclusion of the useful,
the practical, and the work-a-day character of
instruction. It is well that a change has taken
place in this respect, and if those addicted to old
forms and time-honoured customs are indignant at
the idea of innovation and the mention of alteration,
they should be impressed with the earnest language
of one who has done great honour to the old school
in which he was reared, and during an active
career in politics has always retained the memory
of the elegant studies in which he once took a
distinguished part. Those social levellers who,
like Mr. BRIGHT, consider that all the aristocracy
are upstart and pretentious, and can recognise no
good, nor acknowledge no greatness that does not
exist within the limits of their own order, ought
in common justice to study those passages of Lord
DERBY'S harangue, in which he lays great stress
on the benefits that have ensued from the spread of
knowledge, and the more liberal views that are
entertained regarding the culture of the lower
orders. But espreially has the state of the
middle
classes been improved. Lord DERBY truly re-
marked that this term " middle classes" is used in a
" colloquial and well understood significance, but it
would be difficult to define its limits. On the one
hand, the descendant of the peer is absorbed in the
second generation with the community ; and, on
the other hand,we see daily the ranks of the peerage
and of the higher classes recruited from the middle
and lower class of the community, giving
fresh life,
fresh blood, and fresh energy to the ranks into
which they enter, and giving more encouragement
and more stimulus to those from which they pro-
ceed." Such a definition of our social status comes
well from the representative of an old aristocracy,
and in his able description we may trace the germs
of our greatness as a nation, and the secret of our
strength as a people. It is because no one feels
himself really shut out from the intercourse with
those above him who has the talent to obtain notice,
and the skill to impress his enterprise upon the
spirit of
his generation, that there do not arise
those acerbities of feeling and that bitterness of
jealousy that too often disturb and distract canti-
Rental countries and foreign States. All this is
owing to the spread of education. That is the only
real and legitimate equaliser of men. This high
and honourable influence lowers none, but raises all
who come under its sway. No uprooting of thrones,
an
d and casting sceptres and crowns into the dust, can
ever make a demagogue
dom to the bully who heads the mob, or knowledge
to the fit to rule, or impart wis-
conceited upstart who assumes to know
everything by intuition. It is the great blessing of
our age, end the crowning triumph of oar efforts,
that where the
past possessed units, we can number
tens of thousands who can bring the results of their
own information to bear upon the events of tho
present day, and can use the self-control that self.
culture has taught to them to exercise patience if
they do not attain their desires at once ; while they
ectploy perseverance efteadily, but surely, to win
the day at last. In the subdued light in which
reason views coasts, ambition finds a safer road to
travel by on which to obtain distinction, and by
which to gain influence and power over
their fellow-men, than the boisterous ways
in which it was sought in the last generation.
Mr. DISRAELI very forcibly touched upon this for-
tunate change that has been effected in an address
to the Manchester Athenoeum some years back,—
"Instead of the strong arm, it is now the strong
head that is the moving principle of society ; you li
have disenthroned force, and placed on its high seat
intelligence?' Due honour should be awarded to
those who, like Lord DERBY, come forward to give
their aid and assistance to this great work of public
instruction and national education—to adorn its
meetings with their incomparable eloquence, and
to advocate its tenets with the power that a high
position affords, and the influence that great abi
iities must always confer. There are many and
great errors in our present ways of life; some evils,
it is to be feared, none of this generation who have
attained adolescence may live to see remedied and
amng
rectified; but there is unlimited scope for satisfac-
tion in the almost universal extension of learning
mo
and
ly
the
et
obnmand
oo tdt r populationeoestpuea
prosper is
ands o fi t
ardently
ebffinucts
efficacious
land.otuos
be
means
desirel'h
dof
i t,
ensuring its success is to have, at stated times, the
subject brought before us in a conspicuous and com-
prehensive manner.
DERBY we find enlightened let
meats, and patriotic nheed vi
views, address
ws, of the
noble Earlsen senti-
ments,
f
feelings worthy of the occa-
sion ; and there is every reason to echo
` • •
with delight to a display of that
eloquencewhich
ever made such deep impression on their minds,
and they wished to tell Lord DERBY that his pre-
sence there would add another day ofnote to the
annals of that noble institution."

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

[REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.]

DENMARK.
BERLIN, Oct 13.

Intelligence received here from reliable sources
states that Sweden will not sign the Treaty of
Alliance of Denmark.

The reason is stated to be that the Stockholm
Rigsraad believed the signature would be productive
of no benefit, but great disadvantage to the conclu-
sion of the railway loan of 35,01)0,000 just deter-
mined upon.

It is further stated that the French and Russian
Ambassadors at Copenhagen have impressed upon
the Government the importance of maintaining

peace.

SPAIN,
MADRID, OCT. 13.
The elections are passing off quietly, but few

persons vote.

The rumours of a compromise between Marshal
NarvaEz and some other political faction is un-
founded.

AUSTRIA.

VIENNA, OCT. 9, Evening.
The Botschafter of this evening asserts that Eng-
land and France were agreed to despatch notes to
St. Petersburg, declaring Russia to have forfeited
the rights conferred on her by the Treaty of Vienna.
Negociations," adds the Botschafter, "appear
to have taken place at Vienna with the object of
maintaining the agreement at present existing upon
the subject of common action. In consequence of
these negotiations the two notes would not be
forwarded to Petersburg, and a statement of the
case would be drawn up."

THE WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, Ocr. 13.

The royal mail steamer Seine, with the above
mail, arrived off the Needles at 12.20 p.m. to-day.

FRANCE.

PARIS, OCT. 13.
The Constitutionnel of to-day contains an article
signed by M. Limayrac, replying to the criticisms
of the press upon the article " Poland under the
protection of Europe," published recently by the
Constitutionnel.

M. Liniayrae explains the difference between
French interest and European interest. The writer

continues :—.

" France deeply sympathises with Poland, and
has neglected nothing to establish European con-
cert. It will not depend upon France if the under-
standing between the Powers does not produce the
happiest results for Poland. But following the
traditions which have always guided the policy
of France in foreign questions, the interest of
Poland being European, France is adverse to an
isolated action in this question."
A private in the 2d African battalion named
Boudiere, was shot last week at Blidah, in pursuance
of the sentence of a court-martial, for an attempt
at murder, followed by robbery, on a comrade of
the same battalion, named Germain. The whole
garrison was drawn out on the occasion, and a great
number of the inhabitants were present. On
reaching the place appointed, Boudiere refused to
have
his eyes bandaged, and betrayed no emotion.
He himself
gave the signal to fire ; the muskets being
discharged, after staggering a moment he threw
himself on the ground rattier than fall from the effect
of the balls. He lay waiting for the final shot of the
sergeant. The latter came up and aimed at the
man's head, but the musket missed fire. Boudiere
then rose up as though he had not received any
wound, using threatening words and gestures to
the file of men appointed to shoot him. He then
lay down again, the crowd exclaiming, " Par-
don ! pardon !" The sergeant put a second cap
on his gun, but it again missed fire! The pri-
soner rose once more in the greatest agitation,
and apostrophised the soldiers in most violent
langtege, whilst great exasperation was evinced
by the crowd. The sergeant then drew the charge
from his gun, and having reloaded, went up to the
spot where the unfortunate prisoner had once
more thrown himself down; this time the ball
took effect and all was over. Boudiere, in passing
before the file of soldiers, had Ek.id :only three hit
"Be sure not
to miss m©!" but out of 11 balls
him, and those not in vital parts ; the emotion of
the men doubtless making their aim unstegiy•
BOURSE, Oct. 12.—The market has been heavy
and business limited, but without any variation up
to the present time from the quotation of Saturday.
Threes, for the Account, are now unvaried at 67f.
.
70c. Railway Shares quiet, and with little change
in prices. The market closed as follows :
1t per Cents .. 96 Italian Loan 73 50
Do end month.... —
Do. end month 73 60
3 per Cents
Do. end month.... 67 70 Do. end month
Coro. edeitnAdlmoboinliteh..
r...... 11117767
50 Austrian 25 Russian
--
Bank Shares 3330 Spanish Threes.... 53i
Credit .koneter 1340 Rome Debt
ae IL WAY 9.

Cash. Account.
Orleans
Northern ....
New ditto .. • • • --
Lyons and Mediterranean 1016 25 .. 963 70
Geneva
Southern
Western
Eastern .......v..
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard ......
North of Spain
Saragossa..
Ditto to Barcelona

697 50 .. 703 75
520 - .. 517 50
508 75 .. 508 75
423 75 .. 420 --
402 50 .. 407 50
566 25 .. 566 2;5
550 - .. 547 50
647 50 .. 648 50
347 50 .. 355 -

PRUSSIA.
A letter from Berlin, dated Oct. 11, says :
"The accounts given to me of the aspect of Warsaw
by friends who have lately arrived here from that
unfortunate capital are in the highest degree melan-
choly. It is described as a terror-stricken city, whose
inhabitants scarcely dare move out of their houses,
and live in continual apprehension lest some rash
individual act should involve hundreds in ruin.
Of a night none go abroad who can help it; those
whom one meets by day (the Women all clad in
deepest mourning) bear upon their countenances the
impression of some great calamity, past or immi-
nent. One can imagine a similar look of terror
and dejection worn by the inhabitants of a place
where plague is raging. Like that terrible malady,
the affliction that now rests upon Warsaw is
one against which no prudence can guard. The
system of wholesale punishment for the offences of
individuals is carried out with barbarous and indis-
criminating rigour. Of this the affair at the Hotel
-
de l'Europe is an example. A person of mysterious
and suspicious character, said to have acted as spy
both for Poles and Russians,
was lodging there.
An assassin made his way into the hotel and stabbed
him. They struggled out together upon the stairs;
through a glass dcor, cutting
htlitse mviuertdimer,erspdriaanengaged himself from the grasp of
himself severely in the act, and made his escape.
He was tracked for some distance by the blood
drops that fell from him, but finally escaped. The
hotel, which is a very large one, making up 200 to
300 beds, was forthwith shut up ; the persons
lodging there were driven out into the streets,
and the building was militarily occupied. In
all the proceedings of the Russian authorities,
a degree of reckless brutality is observable, worthy
of the pueudo-civilisation only to be found on the
surface, and characteristic of the people of whom it
was truly said that a little scratching only was
needed to reveal the Tartar. The two affairs of
the Zamoyski Palace and of the Hotel de l'Europe
fully exemplify my meaning. An isolated crime,
committed by a malefactor, with whom it is highly

probable that no one in the house had any con-
nexion, is made a pretext for punishing, imprison-
ing, robbing, and illtreating hundreds of persons.
Innocent men were marched off in troops to prison,
helpless women insulted and driven into the streets.
I would not extenuate the assassinations that have
been committed by Polish agents, and which
have exasperated the Russian officials and troops;
but even these unjustifiable crimes cannot
excuse the barbarities committed by the
latter. One might expect to find the Russian
officers seeking to temper the excitement and violence
of their men, but I regret to say that, according to
most trustworthy accounts (not from Polish sources),
they have in various instances, rather Bet a bdd
example, There has been a vast deal of rapine; from
the Z tmoyski Palace alone 16 cases of jewellery
disappeared, and, although there are strong suspi-
cions as to the persons who took them, it of course
would be useless, and probably dangerous, to at tempt
proof. Human life has come to be as lightly regarded
as ever it was in Spanish civil wars or in South Ame-
rican revolutionary conflicts. Mere suspicion, with-
out trial or proof, suffices for summary capital pun
ishment. You will perhaps already have heard some-
thing of an affair which took place four days ago in
Warsaw, on the premises of Messrs. Evans, two bro-
thers, Englishmen, who have an extensive iron
manufactory there, where they employ 500 to 600
workmen. On the evening of Monday last one of their
men was stopped in the street by the police, either
because he was partially intoxicated or as a sus-
pected character, and in his possession were found
two or three rudely-cast small shells, pierced with
several holes, and of the diameter, as described to
me by a person who saw them, of about 14,- inch.
They were not loaded, hut were said to be of :he Or-
sini class of shell, made to be charged with fulmi-
nating powder and thrown by hand. Here was
enough to convict not only the unlucky bearer of
missiles, but the whole establishment in which he
worked. At 10 o'clock on Wednesday morning last he
was shot in the courtyard of Evans and Co's factory,
in presence of all the workmen and of a body of
Russian troops. The workmen were compelled to at-
tend. It was further ordered that the firm should
pay a fine of 15,001) roubles. In vain was it ex-
plained to the authorities that no blame could pos-
sibly attach to the persons whom it was sought thus
to punish ; that a single workman, bent upon cast-
ing such shells as those produced, which were of a
very rough and imperfect manufacture, might find
opportunities of doing it even without its being
necessarily known to the very men who worked
nearest to him ; and also that the fabrication of
projectiles was no part of the business there carried
on. The fine was insisted upon, and, if not
paid, the establishment was to be closed. Messrs.
Evans were absent from Warsaw, in England,
I believe—and their partner, a Prussian subject,
named Rau, telegraphed to them for instructions.
In reply, he was t )1(1 not to pay, but to shut up the
works—which, as business had been extremely bad
in Warsaw of late, could probably be done without
any great loss to the firm. But this did not suit
the book of the authorities, who were not desirous
to have 503 or 600 workmen added to the unem
cloyed, and probably to the discontented and den-
gerous class in -Warsaw. They then wanted to make
Messrs. Evans pay their workmen until they should
have paid the fine. I have no private information
as to the details of the way in which the matter was
settled, but in one of to-day's Berlin papers a lette'
of recent date from Warsaw is cited, according to
which the fine has been rescinded and the factory
re-opened, in consequence, it is added, of the inter
cession with General Berg of the Prussian Consul,
who, on discovering that a partner in the house
was a Prussian subject, seems to have taken a dif-
ferent view of the case from that which he is alleged
to have done when he believed it to have been a
purely English concern. It is added that a decree
will shortly be published regulating the amount of
responsibility incurred by manufacturers in conse-
quence of the acts of their,workmen.
" With respect to Prussian politics-there is no im-
portant novelly to cite since my last. The Cabinet
order, the existence of which has been revealed by
the semi-official papers, and in consequence of which
soldiers ere relieved from the necessity of giving
their votes at elections, is the last topic of interest.
It does not appear that soldiers will be in any way
prevented from voting, should it please them to do
so, but nevertheless some of the feudal organs speak
of the order as if its effect were to be the same as
though it comprised a prohibition. We must pre-
sume, therefore, that such will be the practical
working of the measure, at least as regards those
soldiers who are not disposed to support Govern-
ment candidates.

"The very notorious Police President of Konigs
berg, Maurach, has been promoted to be President
of the Government of Gumbinnen. On the Bth
inst. M. von Bismark completed one year's service
as President of the Council and Minister of Foreign
Affairs. O❑ that joyful anniversary, as we are in-
formed by a journal that befriends him, he received
many testimonies of respect and reverence, When
a public man has few supporters it is highly desir-
able that they should be active and,zealous, so as to
form, in theatrical phrase, a claque to applaud and
do him honour. If the Government does not suc-
ceed in getting up at least a respectable minority at
the next elections it will not be for want of pressure,
and it will prove how determined is the hostility
even of many who depend on it. The circular of
the Minister of Commerce (similar to that of Count
Eulenburg) has been addressed to very numerous
classes, to all the persons employed in the de•
partments of post•ofce end railway, and of the
mining and building administrations. The papers
mention various cases of refusal to pay taxes,
in consequence of the Budget not having been
legally voted. In the neighbourhood of the Rahr
several members of the Fortsehritt party have
refused payment, and suffered their goods to be
seized. At E3BCD, M. von Bernuth, a proprie-
tor of coal mines and a near relative of the former
Minister of Justice, and M. Waldthausen, a former
Deputy to the Chamber, preferred letting the fur-
niture be seized to paying, and the sale by auction
of M. Von Bernuth's tables and beds is appointee
for the 15th inst.

Prince Ladislas CzArtoryski has arrived from
Paris, at Pulteney Hotel, Albemarle-street, St. James's.

We regret to hear that the Dowager Duchess of
Sutherland id suffering in her eyesight.

The Earl and Countess Spencer, accompanied by
Lady Sarah Spencer, left Spencer House, St. James's, yes-
terday, for Paris, on their way to Egypt, where they pro-
pose to pass the approaching winter, with the view to the
benefit of Lord Spencer's health, which, from over-exertion
in the hunting field and occasional colds, is not so strong
as could be desired.

The Earl de Grey arrived at his house in Carlton-
gardens last evening from Studley Royal, near Ripon.

The Earl Annesley, who came to town yesterday
from his seat in Ireland, left in the evening for Newmarket,
to attend the race meeting.
The Earl and Countess of Ciancarty are receiving
a succession of visitors at their seat, Garbally Park,
county Galway. His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant
honoured the earl and countess. with his company during
the Ballinasloe fair ; and among the guests have been
the Marquis of Waterford, the Marquis of Downshire, the
Earl and Countess of Erno and Lady Louisa Crichton, the
Earl of Tyrone, Viscount and Viscountess Doneraile,
Viscount Powerscourt, Mr. and Lady Anne Lloyd, Mrs.
and Miss Jones of Pantglas, Captain Wynne, Mr. Gordon
Ives, &3.
The Countess (Dow.) of Westmoreland and Lady
Rose Fano, who have been staying on a visit to the Earl
and Countess do Grey at Studley Royal, Yorkshire, leave
this morning on a tour of visits in Scotland.
Viscount Palmerston will leave his seat, Broad-
lands, near Romsey, early in the forenoon, for LondoL, for
the purpose of attending the Cabinet, Council.
Viscount Stratford do Redclifla and the Hon.
bliss Canning arrived on Friday last on a visit to the Earl
and Countess de Grey at Studley Royal, Yorkshire, and
leave to• day. Viscountess Stratford de Redcliffe is in
Scotland.

~vv
viscount and Viscountess Clifden left Dover
House, Whitehall, for Suffolk.
The Lord Chancellor has arrived in town from
his seat, near Basingstoke. The noble and learned
lore will give a dejeuner to the judges and Queen's counsel
on the 2d proximo, the first day of Michaelmas Term, pre-
viously to which the Lord Chancellor will receive the
Lord Mayor, the Lord Mayor-elect, the Recorder, Sheriffs,
and other civic functionaries, as customary, to signify the
cordial consent of the Queen to the selection made by the
citizens of London of their chief magistrate for the ensuing
year,