The Sun.
London, England, 1830-07-20 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS

In:noticing in our Paper of yesterday the budget
presented by the Brazilian Minister of Finance to
the Chamber of Deputies, at Rio, on" the 15th of
May last, we were probably too brief to gratify ,t he
curiosity of some of our city readers. Thotigh,
therefore, the subject can only be interesting to a
few, we shall make no apology for a more extended
statement. The Minister, the Marquis of %ilia-
eerie, begins by describing and lametiting the evils
of the existing exchange—the excesisive rise in the
price of ell commodities, from a depreciating
,eur-
rency—and the hardships to which all public aervants
were thus subjected by its effect on their incomes.
Ile derives hopes, however, of amelioration from
the spirit of the Chamber, and the honest exertions
of the Government. Having enlarged on these
preliminary considerations, his Excellency proceeded
to divide the information he had to give into its
proper headse as relative to the income 'and expen-
diture for the year, the estimates of ,both for the
next two years, the state and amount of the public
debt, and the condition of the Bank. The revenue,
ordinary and extraordinary, for, 'Le year ending in
May, was 24,069,791 milreas. Of this sum the
province of Thu do Janeiro supplies more then the
half—or 9,030,225 milreas ordinary receip and
5,248,30 extraordinary. Such a revenue svouid
more than answer all the demands made on the State,
if the above .sum were its ordinary and rel' pro-
duce( ; but this is not the case, a CODSI erable
portion of it arising front loins, seigniorage on
money and the doubling of the taxes of
nearly all the provinces. To show how un-
certain are the calculations of Brazilian fitniciers,
and consequently the danger of placing Sny re-
liance on the estimates submitted to the Chamber.
the Minister mentions that the revenue of t e pro-
vince of Rio de Janeiro, which was estin ated at
13,409,989 milreas, had produced 9,030,2 5 mil-
reale making a difference of 2,620,285, or nearly
half a ?Italian sterling. The Minister estim tes the
expenditure for the year at 22,818,245 milieus.—
An account is next given of the amounti of the
public debt contracted both at borne ands abroad,
funded and floating, liquidated and unliquidated.—
The foreign debt had been increased by iii loan of
400,0001. in , London, but as there had been a
payment of 257,8180/. 35. Od. on account of the
350,0001. which were due•to his Majesty, namely,
211,1181. 17s. 6d. for London, and 43,4611. 61, fur
ILio, in the sinking fund of the loan of 1824, the
real increase was only 98,45114 from whiqh was to
be deducted the sum which temained in linden for
paying the half yearly dividend in April hist. Thu
home debt had increased by 447,386 mitre s, at the
endendi
of the financial year, and since then ,043,200
milieu, by means of loans. The interne floating
debt .amounts to 19,095,128 milieu, which, toge-
ther with that due to the Bank of Brazil' amount-
ing to 4,015,722 milrotti, makes the whole floating
debt 24,520,857 marmot. The sum of rto whole
debt of all kinds is estimated tit 13.5,000,000 of
eroxadoe. This amount of debt,, the Minister ad-
mits, is great, but he contends that it dogs not ex-
ceed the resources of the empire. Against it the
Government bud to sot doWn 2,000,000 of square
miles of unoccupied
i
poly of great' value. This debt is es imated, in
Loglialt money, at 15,000,000/. sterl ng. The
I
other parts of the Ministerial statement efer rather
to icternal affairs, and do not affect the c edit of the
empire with fortogneri.—Times.
.• "The triumph of the Liberals in Franco isimuch more
complete than was anticipated in this country. There
May be found persons bold . enough to maintain that
the opinions and feelings of a people ought not to be
regarded by those in authority ; but to man who
has the least desire to be thought atta led to truth
II would hereafter have' the hardihood to aintain that
the course pursued by the .French G verninent is
not held in detestation by the French nation. ' That
nation has spoken in a manner not to (le misunder-
stood. If the King dare. to disregard the, wishes of
. • .
me nation, expreised as they have ber m so un-
equivocal a manner, and instead of contenting himself
with giving effect to the law, seek tp. set himself
above the.htw, and to involve the nation in con.
tuition, will there be found throughout', Europe one
man, one man so lost to every pnnoipl of justice as
to have the hardihood to become insiapologist, or
to blame the French, if once mare the. should show
to the world that justice is not to be, violated with
impunity either by the highest or the lowest ? Our
Parisian Correspondent, who from Me first con-
fidently nnticipated this gloriousresult, very properly
considers the triumph of ' Paris as the, most demsive
proof that could have been given of tlie general con-
eternization of the Government by the French nation :
' Paris," he observer, " is the reside* of the Nobi-
lity awl Geary of Rance first, and then of a vein num-
ber of thiAre assembled from all the Ohre nations of the
Continent. The Court is at Paris—the 4spendents (Oho
crown are at Faris—all the enjoyers of or seekers after
Owe are at Tarim--and multitudes of petitions depend for
their doily bread upon the bounty of the iCourt, or on the
places they hold by virtue of Itoyal patrOnsge end favour.
Then of course Parts is RO)ai.--of tour e# the shopkeepers
and tradesmen who depend upon the Nobility aml gentry
fee their incomes, do out dare to offend their costorners
ny voting against dot Coutt.of course the military and
.marine tow for the. Court—of purse! all the placemen
vote fur the Court.--of course oat 44 Royal tradesmen
and cootrattors sate for the C0art.....0f purge all the
monopolitte, :wheae pstonts and privileges driPerui pp the
Minister of the interior, vote for the Court—of course all
the patent stockbrokers, whose privileges depend on a
Miairttv of Commerge, vote for der Punt! In fine, of
course Paris is and must be Royelisa You would think
so, perhaps, if you were not better inkmed then an al.
dietary looker-on. Ent let es see. i
" You know quite well that in die (:,`liamber of Dept-
tilts the most Iteyslist men are those of the Extreme
Droiti end the most Anti-Royallst'or Republican those of
the Extreme Gauche. Well, then, tints Loyal and Roy-
alist Paris has elected eight DeputieS,...-soven of them
being, of the Extreme Gauche, end one of the Centre
tlauclic, but bordering on the Extreme I Yes, out of
eight Deputies tietieil are Republicans, and one a 'Whig, of
she'll:ll4loam or Burdett achool in England."
After analysing tine lists,' be' exclaims--
~ Just observe the reiumph of Liberalism—of inde-
pendent feeling...4nd of (Lie eyetem of `Election by Ballot!
here are seven thotsesori six lt‘totirsid pod twelve Electors
m Paris, Royalist and Courtly PerlOoting for Repoli-
Cane, soul only one thousand (our hundred pot fifty-six
are to be fatted voting for the Monarchy and I,he 34,14Apt.e
13ut will the elects of this victory be confined to
France? Will the other nation* of Europe view
unmoved this grand Atingle of a great and en-
lightened nation to 40mpt4 those to whose bands
Rite pow era of Government Are. committed, to be
sae.cootiteble to the people ? No, Age is not a num
in any earner of Europe, however remote, who will
riot be fired by the noble example set by the French.
They have eorteeteerell not for themselves but for
. other Pinions. The Nation
Nations the
.deepest sunk in
. • the miresof corruption (end AO nation Perhar exhi-
bits a more leathiome spectucle with !vett to cor-
ruption than our own) will take courage from
them-
example of tine Wendt, anti, instead of lending
, twelve' as prostitute hirelinge to' the vile oligarchy
who tempt a part with a shoe i:,t- the spoil of the
whole, will learn to respect thernselv,es fly tnen bear-
ing the heap a their Maker. Tee, the people of
England wilt become ashamed of the beastly ergies
of art election -the vulgar cajoling of candidates--
and despise the affected condescension on the
beatings of their masters ' 4144 the rest of the
savelk years as ali insult l.a• choir- understand-
ings. In every town Aare are sums mess who cant feel
sot they ought the contrast between die
.proud atti-
tude of the French and the foertifying atittude of our.
selves, and wino would mitten Attu, spirit to their
fellow citizens. We do not despair of seeing the
day when a man will be as much ashamed of being
descended from one who took money for a vote at
an election, asst,m being dgreatestescended fromosoph thersief or o
a murderer. of the phil
it year, writme in the yew
Europe, then in his 71. , ,
the r ,i
. (:.,,,,,,,it of 4renc
e._

will never again retrograde. For such a pbenomenon
in the history of mankind can never be forgotten.
Though the object aimed at in this event, may not
be attained, though the revolution or reform of the
Constitution of a people should in the end prove
abortive, or after enduring for a time everything
should return to its former state (as politicians now
predict), still the philosophical prediction will lose
nothing of its power. For the event is too great,
too much interwoven with the interests of mankind,
too extensive in its influence on the world, not to
be held in remembrance by the nations, and to give
rise to fresh attempts whenever circumstances, are
at all favourable; and thus at length, instructed by
the experience of former failures, the Constitution
will infallibly receive the qualities which will ensure
its duration." In another part of his work the
writer observes—

" This Revolution of au ingenuous people, which we

have seen in our times, may 'Succeed or fail; it may so
abound in misery and cruelty, that a well-disposed man,
even in the hope of conducting it to a successful tenping.
tion, might hesitate to repeat an experiment at such an
expence;--still this Revolution, I say, finds in the hearts
of all spectators (not themselves implicated in the game)
a sympathy that borders on enthusiasm, and which no
danger has been able to repress. The enemies of the Re-
volution could never kindle in the minds of their adherents

the enthusiasm and greatness of soul which waH produced
by the cause of justice, and even the honour of an old and
warlike nobility disappeared before the arms of those who
had the rights of the people in their eye, and stood forth

as their eliampions,"
The victories of the enemies of mankind over na-
tions never extinguish the desire which is implanted
in the human breast to live under the dominion of

law and justice. Even if Charles the Tenth bad
succeeded in the late attempt on the liberties of the
French, the victory would only have been post-
poned, On every favourable occasion the passion
for independence would have burst forth. The
smallest spark is at any time sufficient to kindle
the spirit of resistance to misgovernment. Though
good, the people of England are far from being in
circumstances so favourable for vigorous resolution
as the French: let no man despair. We appear
lost in selfish considerations, and timid, as selfish
and luxurious men usually are; but let not the Oli-
garchy of this country be too confident. The prin-
ciple of hatred to them is indestructible, even in the
bosoms of those who live on their bounty. The
first favourable moment their power will be assailed,
and will yield to the onset.—Morning Chronicle.
Ilia Majesty's active and (as we may, without
/donee, be permitted to call it) inquisitive' mode of
life, is said to have been found alreadi rather incon-
venient by some of his servants, who have not been
used to be interfered with, or, in any similar degree,
subject to that kind of supervision and inspection
which they must now undergo. What may not,
however, be very agreeable to Ministers, is' precisely
whet the country at large rejoice to see, It was
the misfortune of his late Majesty (and what he is
stated to have lamented as such on his death-bed)
never to have been led, by inclination or necessity,
to habits of business, and to have Wien latterly for
want of it, into a life of ease. Not so the present
King. Bred in early life to a profession, the very
nature of which implies perpetual motion, the King
has never ceased to be the active character that pro-
fession made him, and seems likely now to bring
those active habits into most seasonable play for
the welfare and service of the country. It is the
misfortune' of Kings to be continually deceived
from want of personal knowledge of the true state
of things. As in private so in public life, an
indolent master produces lazy, indolent servants,
who shrink from exertions which they are sure
will never be scrutinized or appreciated, This has
been one of the misfortunes of the last reign, and the
peculiar characteristic of the present Mibistry. Uwe
mistake not, it will be so no longer. The King
seems determined to see and know things through
the medium of his own senses ; awl hie Ministers
will soon find that the rule of " tel maitre, tel
valet" must be their lot, To the country at large
this will be a source of unmixed good, especially
aided, as it evidently is in the King's case, by
kind heart and a condescending disposition. It is
difficult to deceive any man who determines to see
and judge for himself, and this determination is in-
calculably the most valuable in the bighescrank,
because it is the fate of those who 'occupy high
station too often to be surrounded by those whose
trade it is to deceive. We have no doubt but that
the real state of the country was keptfrorn the late
King; and we entertain as little but that in the
ease of the present King such attempte will be Una-
vailing. The King, by mixing with his subjects,
will learn more truth in one day than he would
obtain through the medium of the best of courtiers
in a month ; while the people will be inclined to
bear even misfortunes without murmuring, when
they see and feel the personal interest which the
Monarch takes in their fate.—Morning Herald.
Whet to-day is fact," says Junius, " to-mor-
row is doctrine," Let us apply this. A Morning
Paper, which has been for some time past the re-
flection of Ministerial wisdom on every question,
says " We have often stated it as Our sincere opi-
nion that, provided a Government icould keep the
wheel: or Stale in motion, the weaker it was in Par-
liamentary numbers, the more desiraide would it be
that such an Ailitiinistration should Continue." This
is only the major 'proposition of the intended syl
logjam—ale minor and the conclution have been
modestly omitted, and which wei shall take the
trouble tp sppply ; the whole specimen of political
logic will then stew! thus :—Theiweaker an Ad-
ministrition is in Parilamentery numbers, the more
desirable is it that it should corttimUs. The present
Administration has been weak rp 'Parliamentary
numbers ; therefore, the present t Administration
ought to continue, We admit, upon this reasoning,
the case is clearly made pet ; for, if " Weakness
Parliament" entitle an Administration to the confi-
dence of the Crown and the support of the country,
no Administrition ever proved itself better qualified
than the present one for political longevity. In-
deed, so far did It sorry that political excellence in the
science of Government denoted by the words " Par-
liamentary weakness," that it could hardly in the
last Sessior keep ifie wheels of ibe Male In 'me,
lion—so reluctantly did Parliament afford the mar
serial with which it is necessary to oil them—namely,
the "supplies." In the present instance we are not
expressing any opinion of our owns as to whether
the A..doenistretion ought or oughenot to continue—
we are only eornmenting upon the paradoxiesl dis-
covery of the Ministerial organ a; to what consti-
tutes the best claim which an A.thninietr4tion. Fen
have on the support of ' the Sovereign and the
people. Let us try this new theory by the test of the
reductio ad absurduni, If a Government that can
barely keep its power alive is to be supported out
!of Parliament propprtien to the weakness which
it exhibits within, it follows t.big, a government, so
able and so fortunate us to succeed in combining tlm
suffrages of all the representatives of the people in
its support, ought to be declared incompetent to go-
vern, ao pp immediately turned out. Let us sup-
pose that on Atiminietretion was ,to inspire Parlia-
ment with that confidence in itR Oiliries and wisdom
which would not only secure to its measures tile
vutes of that venal and submissive class whose creed
it is ,to
rt whoever happens to be in power, but
KI T
also of at; rke filisiptereste , enlightened, and pa-
triotic representative of urgeindependent bodies
of electors, who generally veted against t.nts present
Administration,--let
Administration conduce( us
IstitilTeospei:bl7ce aufrialiris satsuacli:
amavniuretut,oruts6, toascovimebinae tohie
tvhoet e offawaLtilgtepworisac
and .
sues, wooer) suffrages
come, of courser it
support, then such an Administration must be
I utterly disqualified to sway the destinies of this
country; it is in a state of political reproba-
time, as displaying the very opposite of that
excellence which consists in the exhibition of
" weakness in Parliament," and, consequently, it
neeht to be dismissed from the direction of the
+t,. Sovereign's dis-