The Sun.
London, England, 1830-09-07 00:00:00

;,,,
... persons were foolish enough to
.-.. Not to use the machines, but at the Journal
des Debals- a different sort of answer being given,
the insurgents proceeded to violence—broke the
machinery—and compelled all the pressmen to quit
the workshops and proceed with them to other
large printing-offices. In consequence of this violent
conduct, the Journal des Debuts was unable to ap-
pear to-day—and the Bureaus of other journals
were protected during the whole of last night, and
have been so again today, by National Guards, and
Troops of the Line. The idle and unprincipled
fellows who thus' conducted themselves have done
considerable mischief at the "Royal printing-office,"
and also to other establishments, and the actual
loss, independent of the derangement of commerce,
and the disorganization of the town, has been very
considerable. Yesterday they assembled at the bar-
rier of Belleville, to the number of 1,500, and tos
day at the barrier of Maine, to about the same
number. During the day ' they drink, and in the
evening, when they are scarcely sober, they enter
the city, collect large groups, and disturb the public
pence and public confidence. ToSday about forty
of the ringleaders have been arrested and sent to
prison ; and at the moment lam writing (ten o'clock,
vat.) the city is comparatively tranquil. Still there
is anxiety in every countenance, and apprehension
in every family ; and multitudes ask, " Where will
all this end ?"
To-night, as well us yesterday, all the streets
are crowded, and the police has wisely enough en-
deavoured to amuse the idle, and distract the atten-
tion of the wicked, by placing bands of music, and
little shows, harlequins and rope dancers in almost
every streets. This essay at creating distraction of
thought, and this attempt to allay public uneasiness,
I think -entitled to unqualified praise, but believe me
that something More is wanting to restore the confi-
dence'of " the people," and to induce them to re-
turn to former habits and pursuits.
Ist. " The People" are not satisfied with the
present Ministers ! I You must not judge of a
French by an English mob. Ask a set of Wapping
workmen or Thames-street coal-heavers who are the
Ministers, and they will not understand your ques-
tion. But ask the same class of men in Paris, and
they will not only tell you their names, but they
will give you an outline of their characters. They
all know that the Minister of Finance (Baron Louis)
was Minister of Finance under Louis XVIII. They
all know that Count de Mole is not at heart either
a Republican or a zealous Liberal. They all know
that he protested but a few years back in favour of
the doctrine of legitimacy, and that he abhorred
as " damnable and heretical" the " dogma" of
the Sovereignty of the People. They all know
that the Duke of Broglie is nothing more than
an English Lord Grey, or rather an English
Lord Dudley—very respectable and very worthy
men, but not men suited to the new state of things
in France, and to the new principle which has been
established. They all know that M. Chardel is only
Director of the Posts ad interim, and they feel per-
suaded that General Gerard will not long remain at
the Department of War. They all know that M.
(luizot is not a good Minister of the Interior, and
that France requires more to-day than doctrines and
metaphysics. They all know that there have been
renewed troubles at Nismes I disturbances at Amiens
—dissatisfaction at Rochefort I riots at Befort—and
downright military insurrection at Metz, Sarregue-
mines, and Pont-n-Moresson ; and that M. Guizot
looks on, and says these are evils which will correct
themselves. This philosophical indifference, or indo-
lence and inaction, do not suit the people; and they
are therefore not satisfied with the present Ministers.
2d. The people are not satisfied with the system
of compromise and conciliation adopted towards the
Royalists!
Upon this point it is necessary that I should be
most explicit, and that " the people" should not
be misrepresented. They do not desire either the
imprisonment, banishment, or prosecution of
Royalists, even of those Sub•Miniaters and active
agents of the last Cabinet who caused nearly as
much evil as their roasters. They do not require
that the heads of the Bureaux should be turned
joff without pensions, if they are entitled to them,
or that their trial-administration of the past should
be too rigidly inquired into. They do not require
that old porters and old clerks of no politics at all,
but who are the mere machines, should be dis-
placed. But they do require that all the men of
the old system of things should be displaced—and
that those only should be appointed in their stead
who are known to be sincerely and zealously at-
tached to the new system alike from education and
from principle. They do not require that all the
grey-bearded Jesuits, who have for the last fifteen
years been insulting the people whilst fattening
upon them in all the public establishments, shall be
at once displaced. They cannot endure to see them
descending as usual from their cabriolets at the
hotels of the Ministers and directing the operations
of the Head Bureaux. In some of those hotels I
know of my own knowledge that there are " Heads
of Divisions" who speak with coldness and evert
disrespect of the new order of things, and of the
new Ministers and their plans, and scoffingly ask,
" what can you expect from men who know nothing
of public business?" Yet though all this occurs
this very day in Paris and all over France, still what
are called " Moderate Royalists" are retained in
office—and the reason alleged is, " It is better to
disarm an enemy than to make a friend." But the
people believe otherwise. The people treat these
" enemies"' us mere troublesome insects, The swarm
is not large. The people are the millions, and they
do not fear these enemies.
Since the accession of King Louis Philip, the
syetem of promotion has been decidedly favourable
to the moderate Royalist party—to men who have
no real sympathy with the new orders of things—to
men who shrug their shoulders as they smile and
say, "We hope all will be well." Now young
France--regenerated France—revolutionized and
enlightened France cannot bear these hollow-hearted
men. France will willingly let them claim their
pensions and retire into privacy and obscurity. They
may be excellent fathers and amiable husbands, and
may play evade to perfection, end even know
Pornething of whist—they may crack their jokes in
their chateaus, or write bad pamphlets, which
scarcely any will buy, and yet fewer read ; but
France will not have these Men as her Sub-rulers,
Sub-ministers, Sub-officers of State,
... Sub-prefects,
Procureurs, Mayors, or Couecillors.Yet this system
of conciliation has been adopted, and the people are
not satisfied with it.
:3d. " The people" are not satisfied with the sys-
tem of Ordotmances I
Day after day the institutions of the country are
destroyed by Ordonnances. Day after day new esta-
blishments are made, and old ones put down by
Ordonnancea. The Gendarmerie is suppressed by
Ortlonnance I The Municipal Guard erected by
Ordormance !—lt wits tint so in London with the
new Police. Parliament passed the Act, and the
King consented to it; but here the King makes the
law without even asking the opinion of Parliament.
So again it iniaters of State are suppressed by Or-
&finance !—the posts of Juges-Auditeurs put down
by Ordonnimee I—and many articles of the Orden-
nance of the 2d August, NIS, as to officers in non-
activity, re-established by Ordonnance ! This sys-
tem is a very bad one. It niters the whole cha-
racter of the Constitution. It destroys the force of
the representative Institutions of France. It makes
the Chambers the mere creatures of Ministers; and
but for one clause in the new Charter, which gives
to each Chamber the initiative as well as the King,
the new system would but little differ from the old
one. it is not that the people find fault with the
objects of the Ordonnances—with the ends accom-
plished by theta--butt the people are naturally,
enough dissatisfied at perceiving so great a power
vt"ted in, and exercised by, the King.' They know
et(i)eit!,,eitT:itglay_gois,ov,e4i.l.l:(2treititutt)ty.n.itihfilictehs'e,
iKleinigt-
my has
tistoh rightemai,e b,(,),1;
the AZ
~,,1,L., il, they object to the King having
' doing more by Ortlonnanova than vat-

vying into effect the operations of existing or of new
laws.
4th. The people are dissatisfied with the bare
abolition of monopolies, and with the determination
of the Government not to interfere with them.
The people ask why every one should not be at
liberty to exercise the trade of a baker and a but-
cher, provided they are subject to just laws and a
Police, which would prevent them from selling bad
bread or bad meat, and punish them for any infrac-
tion of those laws and regulations? The people
ask why the system of monopoly is to be kept up
for the purpose of swelling city funds, and increasing
the municipal budget? The people ask why pa-
tents should be necessary to carry on trades—why
every man should not be free to labour and apply his
capital as he might desire—and why, with a new
age, so enlightened and improved, the old system of
monopolies should be maintained, merely because
it can boast of antiquity and cobwebs ? If a man
be not a good workman, he will not be employed-.-
if a man set up for a watchmaker, who knows not
his trade, no one will buy his watches—and if trade
and tradesmen' labour and labourers, are left to
themselves, without the wretched system of " cor-
porations," "liveries," " certificates," " freedom,"
" patents," and so forth, the lazy and the ignorant
will alone be unemployed, whilst the industrious and
intelligent will ever find a market and full occupation.
sth. The people are dissatisfied with the non-
dissolution, and even non-approaching dissolution of
the present Chamber of Deputies
This is the greatest of all the existing evils, and
it must be redressed ! France is governed- by a-
new King, by a new Chamber of Peers; for all
those created by the Ex-Monarch have ceased to
exercise their functions, being deprived of the
Peerage; but yet France has the old Chamber of
Deputies. This is 'unjust and dangerous. Under
the old system, France was very glad to have such
men in the Chambers as M. Royer Collard, V.
Vatismesnil, M. Martignac and M. Debellvne !
These gentlemen were called Constitutional
Royalists. They opposed the Extreme Droite, and
they did well. But to-day there is no EXtreme
Droite to oppose. These men are running off to
their chateaus in La Vendee, or to Spain—to Eng-
land or to Fribourg. The air of France, and espe-
cially of Paris, is too liberal for them; there is too
much of oxygen and too little of nitrogen,
and they are afraid of dysentery Well, then,
these men must be replaced in the Chamber, and
who will be sent to replace them ? That will
depend on the qualification of the electors and
the elected. But if the millions are to decide, their
places will be supplied by young men, talented men,
men of the new system, men of about thirty years
of age, men who have no old prejudices to lose, and
who adopt not merely cheerfully, but who adore the
new order of things. The people then ask with
reason, how can these 150 new men act with the
280 old ones ? There will be no harmony—no
union—and the Ministry of 1830 will have to de-
plore, in the words of the eloquent Martignac," that
it marches in the midst of anarchy." The people
require the dissolution of the present Chamber, after
it shall
Elections.
lecto haves votedthe
se
measures Budget,
might atd pa i
be
essed a Law
accomplished of
in fourteen days, and in six weeks France might have
a new Chamber. The new Chamber might con-
firm or repeal the new Lew of Elections, or might
amend it.

When these points are adjusted " the people"
will be tranquil, but till then there" will be anxiety
in every countenance and apprehension in every fa
roily.' You may be sure of this.
Your obedient servant,

O. P. Q

BONN, ON THE RHINE, SEPT. 1.

(From the Morning Herald Correspondent.)

This town, which, as your readers knew, is the
seat of a very flourishing university, established by
the present King of Prussia, has, within the lust
few days, been deserted by its academic population
—seeking for Swiss mountains, the Black Forest,
the fair at Frankfort, or whatever other amusements
may suit the purse or taste of the German student,
during six weeks of suspended lectures and favour-
able weather. But though the song of these cele-
brators of the Rhenish grape has died away, yet its
situation at this moment must exempt the popula-
tion of Bonn from that far-from-pleasing tranquillity
which usually prevails here throughout the summer
recess. Situated between Cologne and Coblentz
—between the revolutionary populace of the for-
mer, and the immense military force which now
occupies the vicinity of the latter, we can view—
how long I pretend not to say—calmly and in se-
curity the struggles of the people, and the prompti-
tude with which they are resisted, or the objects
granted out of which they havegrown. These objects
appear indefinite, for among them, though an attach-
ment to their old rulers (the French) pervades almost
every rank and condition of the people of these Rho.
none provinces, it is difficult to conceive the cause
of its existence. They are a far happier, more
wealthy, and less taxed people* under the Govern-
tnent of Prussia than the despotism of France, and
the crowds of English, offensively ostentatious of
their wealth, who linger even in the very villages
that line the beautiful river above which I am now
writing, were then shut out from this part of the
Continent, and its inhabitants from the pleasing
morning view—aye," from morn to dewy eve".-0f
steam-boats, filled with " voyageurs" from " Great
Britain and Ireland." At this season all the troops
of Prussia quartered in the Rhenish country assemble
at Coblentz for a Royal inspection, and there
are now stationed around that gay town, awaiting
that review—at which, however, it is now known
the King will not appear—more than 30,000 men
in arms. In the policy of Prussia, and that origi-
nating in a perfect knowledge that the feeling which
have endeavoured to describe is universal in the

Rhenish provinces, the military stationed in that
territory consist exclusively of troops raised in the
North, and—where no reliance can be placed
upon that public virtue which the ancients
called patriotism, and which grows out of a strong
sense of our own interests in the preservation and
prosperity of our own Government—the judicious-
ness ef such policy will hardly be doubtful. Every
man, however, in Prussia, no matter what may be
his rank or station, must serve for, at least, a year
in a force denominated the landwehr—an establish-
meat similar, in many respects, to the local militia
of Englund, and, indeed, differing only from those
corps in a discipline the most unremitting, and exer- •
cises the most laborious. Their stations—in this
respect the resemblance is exact—.are fixed and per-
manent; and their actions, therefore, reflect not the
feelings of the army generally, but of the people
where those levies take place.
re-
view summoned •to Coblentz the landwehrs as well
as the regular army ; and this is the most extensive
excursion the former troops - The expected
are accustomed to take
from their respective departments. Amongst the
landwehr on this occasion assembled, the corps of
Cologne was not the least numerous or effective.
have said that a year's service was required
from every Prussian, but this period has been
increased by a recent ordinance, in a manner the
most oppressive, and, of course, unpopular. • An
additional devotion of four months annually has, by
this regulation, been required by the State, and this,
be it observed, during peace, when the necessity
ceased to be urgent—at least, so think the people
of those provinces; and, in this respect, perhaps,
they are not peculiar. Yesterday the Cologne latid-
wehr showed such symptoms if insubordination, .aBlO
suggest to Prince William the prudence of &mush-
ing the number qf troops assembled for re.meiv, by
despatching large body of men to the city from
which the refractory landwehr emanated; and I have
just returned from seeing the steamboat which plies
daily between Cologne and Coblentz, proceed down

As to the comparative taxation under the French
and Prussian Governments, our correspondent is mistaken.
The Rhenish provinces pay a far greater quantity of taxes
to their present ruler than they did to France.
respondent at Cohlentz says they pay four times more, a'
he is nearer the truth.

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