The Sun.
London, England, 1830-01-06 00:00:00

COTTON WOOL
LIST Or IMPORTS AND =PI

IRTS.

IMPORTED. EY PORPED.
,--.....---A.-......, r---- Prey_
Same pc- Previa .s
This rick( last ly th.s
year, year. year.
--- -
Bags, &c. Bags, &c. 1 Bag,‘, &c. Bags, &c.
.1 641,373 624,6.2 2'..,6 5',!+55
67,906 72,471 150 64,463
32,534 4,3,7U3 23'7

Bags, &c.ltlags, &c,
Liverpool 641,373 624/I.d
London 67,906 72,471
Cila9pw 32,584 43,7u3
Total exported in 187.29
Same period IS2B ' ,

118,031.
76,147.

INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, JAN. 5,

Captain Henry .Arathaniel Rowe, late of N 0.66)
Kennington-place, Walworth, was opposed by Mr
lIEATtt„ on behalf of ten creditors.

In his examination by Mr. 11EATR, the insolvent
stated that he was a Commander in the navy, on
half-pay•; the amount of his half-pay was 1821. 10s.
per annum, and he had a pension of 2001. a-year, in
consideration of his having lost a leg, and received
Other wounds in his Majesty's service. . The amount
of his debts was 700/., of which 225/. were due to
his agents, Messrs. Cox and Co., and 1001, due to
his sister-in-law, Mrs. Crewe; the balance was for
necessaries supplied to his family by 42 creditors,
varying in amount from 371. to 21. Since he had
been in prison he had received from his agents from
501. to 60/. on account of his half-pay, and to se-
cure part of the debt due to them he had insured his
life for 2004 Ile had a wife and seven children.
In examination by Mr. COOKE, the insolvent had
offered to pay to his creditors 51. a month, which
some of them consented to take, and he paid those
instalments up to the period of his arrest; and the
day before he was arrested he paid 15/. to one cre-
ditor alone.

The CHIEF COMMISSIONER. (after consulting with
the rest of the Court) said, the Court would re-
commend to Government the payment of 82/. 10s.
per annum, towards the discharge of the insolvent's
debts, leaving him 3001. a-year still, which, with
frugality, the Court hoped, would prevent him from
again getting into difficulties.

- The insolvent was then ordered to be dimeharged.
Captain Thomas IVm. French, on the half-pay of
tic 47th Regiment, late of St. Durr,tan's, near
Canterbury, was opposed by Mr. BARRY, on be-
half of three creditors, named Payne, Terry, and
Wootton.

It appeared that the insolvent's income, when on
full-pay, was 2201. a-year, but being now on half-
pay, he only received 1271. 10s. a-year. The amount
of his debts was nearly 2,0001. He had put down
in his schedule a sum of 7001. for which he had a
claim on the prize money accruing. from services in
the Persian Gulf and during the Deccan war.
Examined by Mr. Coons-11e had a wife and
nine children, and expected every moment to have a
further addition to his family. ne had served thirty
years in the army, in every quarter of the globe.
Mt. BARRY applied for a portion of the inso!-
vent's half-pay, to be applied- to the gradual liqui-
dation of his debts.

The COURT could not grant the application, con-
sidering the extent of Captain French's family, and
the small amount of his half-pay.
The insolvent was ordered to be discharged.
Lieutenant Edward Boys Back, formerly of the
23d Regiment of Foot, but latterly on half-pay, and
carrying- on the business of a win -merchant, was
opposiul by a creditor named Rhodes.

- Mr. Rhodes, on being sworn, said that in 1822.,
he supplied the insolvent with goods to the amount
of 101., for which the insolvent gave him a hilt of
exchange, which was afterwards dishonoured.

Mr. CooKc—llas he ever since that time.given
you any written acknowledgment of the debt ?
Mr. Rhodes said he had not, but he-had given
frequent verbal promises of payment.
Mr. COOKE then submitted, that as no written
promise to pay had been given within six years, the
creditor was not entitled to oppose the insolvent,
inasmuch as he could not maintain an action.
The insolvent was then declared entitled to the
benefit of the Act.

By the ecclesiastical statistics of Yorkshire, w•e
learn there are 909 Church-livings, the patronage of which
is divided as follows :—ln the gift of Government 113,
Church 350, Universities 32, public bodies IS, nobility
and gentry 299, inhabitants 2. Dr. VICRNOX is the Dio-
cesan, and the number of Cathedral Dignitaries is 69.

About three o'clock on Monday afternoon, a
very thick fog came over the roads in the West of the
metropolis leading into London, so dense as to compel the
coaches, &c. to travel at a slow rate for safety's sake; but
it way accompanied with slight rain, which, as night
came on, dispelled the fog. The muddiness of the roads,
streets, and pavements, continued as bad as they were on
Saturday and Sunday. Though there was previously
hard frost, which made the elderly ladies say that it re-
minded them of " the real winters of good old times," it
has been of a very short duration.

A few days since a party of ladies and gentle-
men frem Knowsley, the seat of the Earl of DERBY, ob-
tained permission Luau the Manchester and Liverpool
Rail-road Company to have one of the steam.carriagcs at
their own disposal for a day, as they were desirous of
avoiding, in the first instance, the risk which they feared
might attend the great speed at which it generally travels.
T hey commenced at an easy rate, and their confidence in-
creasing- with every increase given to the rapidity of the
vehicle's movement, and the absence of all danger sown
becoming manifest, they at len;th found themselves going
at the rate of upwards of ttventy miles an hour; and so
pletsed were the ladi,s with the experiment, that several
of them declared they should infinitely prefer such a m
of conveyance, in every case, to their carriages, if aey
could -be to generally applicable..

' I It is not generally known on this side the
Atlantic that the Cherokee' Indians have pub-
lished, for some time past, a newspaper, partly
in English and partly. in their own language.
We have seen several copies of this Journal,
but were quite unable to imagine how the Che-
rokees became possessed of an alphabetic cha-
racter till the following very curious and inte-
resting account fell into our hands. It is an ex-
tract from the 46 Lectures of Mr. Knapp on .
American Literature," and, in our opinion, re-
cords one of the most extraordinary events
which has occurred since the original invention
of letters. It appears that an Indian of the
name of See-quah-yah is the inventor of this
Cherokee alphabet, and the inventor under such
disadvantageous circumstances as render him, in
our humble opinion, one of the most extraor-
dinary men that the world has produced. The
Universities and other learned societies in En-
rope would be only doing common justice ti)
See-quah-yah in granting to him the highea
literary distinctions.
The Indians themselVes are becoming philo-
logists and grammarians, and exciting the won-
der of the world by the 'invention of letters.
The invention of the Cherokee alphabet ;has
excited the astonishment of the philosopher in
this country and in Europe ; but as I have not
yet seen any satisfactory account of the progesS
and history of this great effort of genius of the
present day, I will state what I know of it, from
the lips of the inventor himself.
In the winter of 1828, a delegation of the
Cherokees visited the- city of Washington, in
order to make a treaty with the United States,
and among them was See-quah-yah, the inventor
of the Cherokee alphabet. His English name
was George Guess, he was a-. half-blood, but had
never, .from his own account, spoken a single
word of English up to the time of his invention,
nor since. Prompted by my own curiosity, and
urged by several literary friends, I applied to
See-quah-yah, through the medium of two
interpreters--one a half-blood, Captain Roger,
and the other a full-blood Chief, whose
assumed English name -was John Maw,
to relate to the, as minutely as possible,
the mental operations and all the- facts it

his discovery. He cheefully complied with my
request, and gave very deliberate and satisfactory
answers to every question, and was at the saute
time careful to know from the interpreter if I dis-
tinctly understood his answers. No stoic could
have been more grave in his demeanour than
was See-quail-ph ; he pondered, according to
the Indian custom, for a considerable time after
each question was put before he made his reply,
and often took a whiff of his calumet while reflect-
ing on an answer. The details of his examina-
tion are too long for the closing paragraph of
this lecture ; but the substance of it was—
that he (See-quah-yah) was now about sixty-
five years old, but could not precisely say—that
in early life he was gay and talkative, and although
he Dever attempted to speak in Council but
once, yet was often, from the strength of his:
memory, his easy colloquial powers, and ready
command of his vernacular, a story-teller of the
convivial party. His reputation for talents of
every kind gave him some distinction when he
was quite young, so long ago as St. Clair's de-
feat. In this campaign, or some one that soon
followed it, a letter was found on the person of
a prisoner, which was wrongly read by him to
the Indians. In some of their deliberations on
this subject the question arose among them whe-
ther-the mysterious power of " the talking leaf"
was the gift of the Great Spirit to the white man,
or a discovery or the white man himself ? Most of
his companions were of the former opinion, while
he as strenuously maintained the latter.
This frequently became a subject of contem-
plation with him afterwards, as well as many
other things which he knew or had heard that

the white man could do ; but he never sat down
seriously to reflect on the subject until a swel-
ling in his knee confined him to his cabin, and

which at length made him a cripple for life, by
shortening the diseased leg. Deprived of the
excitements of war and the pleasure of the chase,
in the long night of his confinement, his mind
was again directed to the mystery of speaking by
letters, the very name of which, of course, was
not to be found in his language. From the
cries of wild beasts, from the talents of the mock-

ing bird, from the voices of his children and his
companions, he knew that feelings and passions
were conveyed by direct sounds from one intelli-
gent being to another. The thought struck him
to try to ascertain all the sounds in the Chero-
kee language. His own ear was not remarkably
discriminating, and he called to his aid the more
acute ears of his wife and children.

When he thought that he had distinguished
all the different sounds in their language, he
attempted to use pictorial signs, images of
birds and beasts, to convey these sounds to
others, or to mark them in his own mind. Ile
soon dropped this method, as difficult or inlpos-
sible, and tried arbitrary signs, without any
regard to appearances, except such as might
assist in recollecting them, and distinguishing
them from each other. At first these signs were
very numerous ; and when he got so far as to
think his invention was nearly accomplished, he
had about 200 characters in his alphabet. By
the aid of his daughter, who seemed to enter
into the genius of his labours, he reduced them
at last to eighty-six, the number he now uses.

Ile then setto- work to make these characters
more comely to the eye, and succeeded—as yet
he had not the knowledge of the pen as an in-
strument, but made his characters on a piece of
bark, with a knife or nail. At this time he sent to

the Indian agent, or some trader in the nation,
For paper and pen. His ink was easily made
From some of the bark of the forest trees, whose

colouring properties he had previously known—
and after seeing the construction of the pen, he
soon learned to make one, but at first he made
it without a slit ; this inconvenience was, how-
ever, quickly removed by his sagacity. His
next difficulty was to make his invention known

to his countrymen ; for by this time he had be-
come so abstracted from his tribe and their usual

pursuits that he was viewed with an eye of sus-
picion. His former companions passed his wig-
wam without entering it, and mentioned his
name as one who was practicing improper spells,
for notoriety
.or mischievous purposes, and he

seem§ to think that he should have been ha...aly
dealt with if his docile and unambitious dispo-
sition had not been so generally acknowledged
by his tribe. At length he summoned some of
the most distinguished 'of LiS nation, in oiler
to make his. communication to them, and alter
giving the beSt explanation of his discovery that
he could, stripping it of all supernatural influ-
ence, he proceeded to demonstrate to them in
good earnest that he had made a disco-
very. His daughter, who was his only pupil,
was ordered to go out of hearing, while
he requested his friends to name a word or sen-
timent, which he put down, and then she was called
in and read it to them ; then the father retired
and the daughter.wrote ; the Indians were won-
der-struck, butnnot entirely satisfied. See-quah-
ph then proposed that the tribe should select
several youths from among their brightest young
men, that he might communicate the mystery to
them. This was at length agreed to, although
there wassome lurking suspicion 9f necromancy
in the whole business. Juba Mi* (his Indiim
name I have forgotten), a frill-blood, with several
others, were selected for this purpose. The tribe
watched the youths for several months with
anxiety, and when they offered themselves for
examination, the feelings of all were wrought up
to the highest pitch. The youths were sepa-
rated from their master, and from each other,
and watched with great care. The unitiated di-
rected what master and pupil should write
to each other, and the tests were viewed in stnch
a manner as not only to destroy their infidelity,
but most firmly to fix their faith. The Intlizn'ts,
on this;ordered a great feast, and made See-quah
;all conspicuous at. it. Dow nearly alike is man in
every age ! Pythagoras did the same on the
discovery of an important principle in geometry.
See-quah-yah became at once schoolmaster, pro-
fessor, philosopher, and a Chief. His couturv-
men were proud of his talents, and- held him in
reverence as one favoured by the Gre.t
The inventions of early times -were shrouded in
mystery. See-quah-yah disdained all quackety.
He did not stop here, but carried his discoveries
to numbers. He, of course, knew nothing of,
the Arabic digits, nor the power of Hamm let-
ters in the science. The Cherokees had metal
numerals to one hundred, and had words for all
numbers up to that, but they had no signs or
characters to assist them in enumerating, adding,
subtracting, multiplying, or dividing. He re-
flected upon this until he had created their ele-
mentary principles_ in his mind, but he was 'at
first obliged to make words to express his mean-
ing, and then signs to explain it. By this pro-
cess he soon bad a clear perception of numbers
up to a million. His great difficulty was the
threshold-,—to fix the powers of his signs accord-
ing to their places. When this was ov.Tcome,
his next step was in adding up his different num-
bers, in order to put down the fraction of the
deciinal, and give the whole number to its nest
place; but when I knew him he had overcome
all these difficulties, and was (lithe a ready arith-
metician in the fundamental rules. This was
the result of my interview, and I can safely say
that I have seldom met a man of more shrewd-

ness than Sec-quah-yah. He adhered to :AU the
customs of his country, and when his associate
Chiefs on the mission assumed our costume, he
was dressed in all respects like an Indian. See.
quah-yah is a man of diversified talents ; he
passed from metaphysical and philosophical in-
vestigation to mechanical occupations with the
greatest ease. The only practical mechanics he
was acquainted with were a few bungling black-
smiths, who could make a rough tomahawk, or
tinker the lock of a rifle ; yet he became a white
and silver smith without any instruction, and
made spears and silver spoons with neatness and
skill, to the great admiration of the people of the
Cherokee nation. See-quah-yah has also a
great taste for painting. He mixes hip colours
with skill ; taking all the art and science of his
tribe upon the subject, he added to it many che-
mical experiments of his own, and some of them

were very successful, and would he worth being
known to our painters. For his drawings he hal
no model but what nature furnished, and he often
copied them with astonishing faithfulness. His
resemblaites of the human form, it is true, are
coarse, but often spirited and correct ; and he
gave action and sometimes grace to his repre-
sentations of animals. He had never seen a
camel-hair pencil when he made use of the hair
of wild animals for his brushes. Some of his

productions discovered a considerable practical -
knowledge of perspective ; but he could not
have formed rules firr this. The painters in the
early ages were many years coming to a know-
ledge of this part of their art ; and even now
they are more successful in the art than perfect
in the rules of it. 'The manners of the Ameri-
can Cadmus are the most easy, and his habits
are those of the most assiduous scholar ; and his
disposition is more lively than that of any Indian
I ever saw. He understood and felt the advano
tales the white men had long enjoyed, of having
the accumulation of every branch of knowledge,
from generation to generation, by means of a
written language, while the red man could only
commit his thoughts to uncertain tradition. Ifo
reasoned correctly when he urged this to his
friends as the cause why the red man had made
so few advances in knowledge in comparison
with us ; and to remedy this was one of his great
aims, and one which he has accomplished be-
yond that of any other man living, or, perhaps, any
other who ever existed in a rude ttate of nature.
It, perhaps, may not be known that the Go-
vernment of the United States had a fount of

type cut for his alphabet, and that a newspaper,
printed partly in the Cherokee language and
partly in the English, has been established at
New Echota, and is characterized by decency
and good sense ; and thus many of the Chero-
kees are able to read both languages. Alter
putting these remarks to paper, I had the plea-
sure of seeing the Head Chief of the Cherokees,
who confirmed the statement of Seclnah-yali,
and added that he was an Indian of the strictest
veracity and sobriety. The western wildernesa
is not only to blossom like the rose, but dim
man has started up and proved that he has not
degenerated since the primitive days of Cecrops,
and the romantic ages of wonderful effort and
god-like renown.

Viscount Mr.Lvti.r.ii is expected to arrive in
town this day front Brighton.

The distinguished Author of " Tint SUBAL-
TERN" and the "Ch ELSEA PENSIONERS" has nearly
ready. for puld.cation R work entitled " THE COUNTRY
Cu RATE " which Will contain, we understand, many
striLinit and characteristic sketches of country- life. The
Stories are entitled the Pastor—the Poacher—the School-
mistrePs—the Shipwreck—the Fatalist—the Smugglers--
the Suicide—the Miser—the Rose of Eat Kent and the
Parish Apprentice.

The religious congregations in Yorkshire, ex-
clusive of those helongiug to the Establ'shed-Ohurelt, itt
Humber arc 11 10111/W •••-40,111/01.1.0414/14/1:e congregations,
16 ; Presbyterians, 13 ; Quaker~, 64 ; Particular Bap-
tists, 51 ; Baptists, ; Wes!eyan Methodists,
552 ; M..thotlists, 1 ; uthcr Methodists, 147 ;
Independents, 154; llott.c Missionary and other statioos 2.

THE DEAD BROUGHT TO LIFE.

(FROM A CORRESPONDNT.)

A short time ago a most miserable woman, wh,
described herself as a native of the Highlands, it
Scotland, called on a lady who resides in Soled
Audley-street, and solicited a little pecuniary
sistance in order to enable her to proceed to tht
place of her nativity. The relation of her mis•
too tunes was narrated with so much apparent sim
prei:y and innocence, that the lady to whom she ap-
',Fed was the means of procuring her a sum of money
to be appropriated towards defraying her expenses
to the north. Three weeks elapsed when the same
individual called on her former benefactress, and
stated that she had been unable to proceed to
Srotland as she intended, in consequence of the
sudden illness of her husband, Who had expired tha
morning.

Her story, which was accompanied with even
demonstration of the most poignant grief, gained
credence. Finding the stratagem succeeded, she
solicited her intended victim in the strongest and
most touching terms, to accompany her to her abode
in St. Giles's. _ _ _

The proposal was of course objected to; the wo-
man's intreaties became more importunate; the
lady at length acceded to the wish of the poor
widow, to go and see her husband, who was
lying dead at home ; with this the woman went
assay, but evidently dissatisfied that my friend
did not accompany her at once. On going to
her bilging's, which are situated in that den of
infamy St. Giles's, she and the gentlemen by whom
she was accompanied were introduced into a small
r ,orn inhabited by three men, and the woman, the
o ject of their visit and commiseration. On in-
q dry where the corpse of her husband lay, they
w re conducted into a (lark cellar under ground,
where they found an iron bedstead, on which
lay the figure of a man enveloped in three or four
dirty blankets. At this time the gentleman inti-
mated to the lady the propriety of leaving the place,
hut being desirous of rendering the woman assist-
ance, provided she deserved it, she requested the gen-
tleman to uncover the face of the corpse before he left.
After a little hesitation he did so, when instead
of discovering a palled corpse, a tall power-
ful man, in the full vigour of health, was present to
their view. The woman, on finding that she was
detected, assumed the greatest joy, and burst into
the most rapturous expression of delight, exclaim-
ing, " my husband is not dead—the Lord be
praised, my husband is not dead !" and imme-
diately flew out of the house to bring the doctor.
You nrry easily imagine that my friends were not
long in retreating from a place so replete with
danger.
From theze circumstances, I have come to the
COHCIUSIOII that had the lady gone singly, a• was
the express wish of the woman, the result might
have pored most tragical.—Morning Paper.