The Sun.
London, England, 1863-07-16 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 16, 1863.

and was saying " what nice people the Poles were."
This gentlemen was full of the historical remi-
niscences of Cracow, whence he had ju rrived,
and I ventured to ask him how he felt on seeing
that the funeral mound of Kosciusko had been con-
verted into a fort. He said that hlt pleased,
for if he found himself growing weak in battle
he should only have to think of such insults as
these to be able to give one more thrust.

Among the insurgents belonging to Wysocki's
corps I found a young lady so timid and so afraid
of being looked upon as a wonder that she kept
herself in almost perpetual seclusion, but so brave
that on the day of battle she insisted on being
placed in the first line, and greatly distinguished
herself in the action. Her relations had done their
utmost to persuade and even force her to remain at
home,but she had threatened to commit suicide if she
were detained, and they feared that she might keep
her word. She had changed her name from "Marys"
to " Maryan " (the Christian name of Langiewicz),
and was known in her company as "Panne Maryan,"
or, as Englishmen, if they had met her in the
„ woods,
maid
would have called her " Maid Marian.
Marian has now returned to her family,
and
sorry to have to add that this prodigal lam
daughter—
prodigal, at least, in acts of daring—is badly
wounded.
some I h
oande
wb eoeunl
dt
coal
ll ftohrar
at ee a rl y
and
odnri
vSeumn de a
somewhere
in the middle of a wood, wheremle swhhoeurled
tmheeetsome
friends, who would then show
detach-
mentinwe ohtichatnlinoemy
accompany
to
itsetrovethweasfcroonnctieearl.ed,
Theand
enable me
person expected came at the appointed time,
to th
men-
tioned a name, and then, instead of taking me
heart of the forest, drove me through a beautiful
woodland country to the house of a neighbouring
proprietor, where, besides the host, I found one of
the chief promoters of the expedition, two of the
principal officers of Horodycki's corps, and few other
insurgents lying down on the lawn, and engaged in
the peaceful occupation of smoking. One of the
officers took out the map of the country about to be
entered (it was a photographic print from the pri-
vate map of the Russian Staff), and pointed out to
me the place of assembly in the forest, the spot at
which the frontier war to be crossed, and the road
by which it was intended to march on Radziwilow.
At lunch I had 75 pamphlets on the Polish question
given me to read, but preferred eating. Afterwards
the men who were not going to fight occupied them-
selves with pistol shooting, fencing, and other war-
like pursuits until dinner, while the officers
went singly to visit the first place of en-
campment, and came back with the alarming
news that an Austrian patrol had been seen
hovering about the spot where most of the
arms lay buried. In the evening a " revision" was
announced and the house cleared of insurgents. All
through the night messengers were continually ar-
riving, and the first news in the morning was that
the arms had been seized, that the labour of three
months had been lost, and that the expedition could
not start. Ultimately it was discovered that about
a hundred rifles bad been taken, hut that there was
still nearly three hundred in a place of comparative
safety. The question was raised as to whether it
would be advisable to postpone the departure of the
expedition until more arms could be procured, but

t was soon decided not to risk, by further delay,
,he seizure of the whole stock.

At last, early on Monday afternoon we got into a
cart, built without springs for the same sort of rea-
son for which Highlanders are said not to wear trou-
sers, and went into the wood. Turning from the
high road into a cross road, from the cross road into a
lane, and from the lane into a private path, we came,
after many windings, to a little glade, where the
long grass had been crushed and flattened as it by a
roller. The former presence of human beings in this
sequestered spot was indicated by an old boot, which
Roby would have disavowed, and a cask containing
gin—from which, as it was nut yet empty, it was
presumed that the insurgents could not be far distant.
They were so well concealed, however, that although
we had good guides (including a forest keeper
of the estate), it was not easy to find them. At last
we burst upon a band of brothers, who were engaged
in the difficult and to them evidently novel occupa-
tion of trying on boots. The boot so contemptuously
abandoned it: the first halting-place had apparently
been the only one among some 30 men The major
was answering questions on all sorts of subjects from
boots upwards, and was at the same time superin-
tending a distribution of pistols, which, being
larger than any pistols ever seen before or after-
wards out of a pantomime, looked very terrible, and
produced (as they were intended to do) a fine and
Healthy effect on the Ruthenian village population.
The peasants looked a good deal scared as the in-

surgents marched through the fields, but were soon
reassured, or pretended to be, when a few words
were spoken to them in kindness. Of attacking or
molesting the insurgents in any way there was, of
course, no thought, more particularly as the half-
detachment, consisting of 200 men, lolked in the
moonlight, as it straggled along in double file, like
a much larger force, and was pronounced by impar-
tial spectators to be at least a thousand strong. Two
peasants, however, were overheard whispering that
they had a great mind to go off and tell the Aus-
trians. They were arrested, asked if they wanted
to be hanged, and, replying in the negative, were
told how to avoid that fate so far as it was likely to
be inflicted upon them by their Polish compatriots.
They were then put into a cart and driven along
after the detachment, and were not liberated until
everything had been made ready for crossing the
frontier.

We marched during nearly all the first night,
passing from the moonlight into the darkness of the

dense woods, where nothing but glowworms, and
here and there in the insurgent column the light of
a cigar, could be seen, and then again into the moon-
light, until at last we came to a river, or mountain
stream (running down from the Carpathians), and
sat down by the side of the waters and supped.
Most persons said that it was one of the best suppers
they had ever had (of some of our friends it was the
last); and the breakfast to which a select number
were invited was also much admired, especially
some tea-soup made in a saucepan, and served out
in saucepan-lids, wine glasses, and wooden ladles.
During the halt, of which advantage was taken
to eat a hurried breakfast, Horodycki, the eom.
mender of the detachment, joined us, bringing with
him 200 infantry and from 40 to 50 cavalry. The
rifles, bayonets, and scythes were now disinterred,
or pulled out of their hiding places in the brush-
wood, and I found that this particular batch had
all been concealed at about 20 paces' distance from
a public road running through the middle of the
wood. The Austrians had DO, found them because
they had been hidden where the Austrians were
sure not to think of looking for them.
As we were about to go away from the cottage
where we had taken our early tea a plain and shrill'
voiced woman came out and complained that her
husband had deserted her in order to go and fight
the Russians. It was impossible not to understand
that he had chosen the least of two evils. The poor
death
aane
man who preferred his country to his wife, and
t o
to his
the hoin
fronte w
and was
Afterwards another patriot
inw atsheenncnanvnatlrnyf,saignhdt, now
andgalloped
I hope out of hearing.
was pointed out to
thatleai them me
who
lovedhadem in deliberately aban-
dalolnnend
thehis family,
ple plea in
h leavingegreat want, and
his native land. The
great majority of the infantry,Thowever, could have
They
had nothing to leave.
evidently steeped in dishonourableywere men who were
when one of their officers afterwards poverty, and,
he had seen swarms of men
like told me that
them lounging
about Whitechapel, Whitechapel
was
One minor disadvantage of employingcalumniated.
such men is
that it is disagreeable, and even
painful, for decent
persons to remain in their neighbourhood. It must
be with the view of avoiding
them that so many of
the sons of the proprietors go into the civalry,which,
composed as it is, of all sorts of horses and all
sorts of
riders, is utterly useless, except for the service
of the
camp, and is scarcely ever employed in action. I saw
that some of thenew corners were dispirited at the idea
of having such riffraff for their comrades, and one
of the officers, noticing the fact, said to me, " These
young men have come to the camp under the im-
presaion that they would find every one here as
good as themselves. I wish such were the case, but
we must do our best, and we will try to make aol-

diers of them all when we get on the other side of
the frontier."

As for the officers, they were all men who had
seen
plenty of service in foreign armies, or who had
distinguished themselves in the present Polish insur-
rection. Horodycki, the chief of the detachment,
will be remembered by persons familiar with the
incidents of the Hungarian war of 1848-9, as having
defended the bridge and the passage of the canal at
Temesvas against an overpowering force while the
Hungarian army was effecting its retreat. Major
Horodycki lost half his battalion, but he succeeded
in keeping the enemy at bay. He was a simple,
straightforward man, a good deal sterner than the
majority of Poles, and apparently not much given
to seeing visilns. Accordingly I could not help
attaching importance to his words when about half
an hour before he crossed the frontier he began

speaking to me about the general prospects of the
insurrection: He had been occupied all day in

giving directions on one subject or another, and
now, at half-past 9 in the evening, sat down to take

some refreshment. He had a little claret in his

flask, and before drinking part of it wished pros-
perity to England, and said how glad he was to
find that the English had so much sympathy for
Poland. I answered that, although this sym-
pathy existed and was sincerely felt, it was by

_
no means certain that it would lead to a decla-

ration of war against Russia. He replied that the
time for intervention had not yet come; that he
had never expected there would be any intervention
before the spring; and that before then the Poles
would make such efforts and prove themselves so

strong that we should not refuse to give them a
helping hand, and that no more would be necessary.
I do not think Horodycki shared the opinion of
some of his countrymen as to the good will of the
peasants towards the insurrection. At least, he
turned some Ruthenian peasants out of the camp

who had come there with gifts of fresh butter,

sheep's milk cheese, and potted cream. He feared
these Greek Catholics et dona ferentes, and said,

when I asked him whether their offering was not

a good sign, " They are with us now that we are
here, they will be with our enemies when we are

gone. I know them, and have sent them away." I
_ _ _

must add that a Ruthenian priest and his wife
brought something more than butter and cheese ;
they brought their nephew. This was a testimony
of sympathy which could not be mistaken, and the
young man was accepted with thanks and sent
across the frontier. Several ladies also visited the

camp, and so inundated the place with strawberries
and cream that Horodycki, fearing no doubt that

discipline would be relaxed and the forest of Nak-
washa conversed into a Capua, turned back and

give orders that no more women should be suffered

to approach.
Then Horodycki had to preside at a trial, and
though there was no execution I saw the execu-
tioner. A certain cavalry man, who spoke Polish,
Russian, German, and French very imperfectly, and
swore from time to time in what was supposed to
be a sort of Moldavian patois, had got drunk on
the march, and used his sabre in lieu of a riding
whip. When remonstrated with, be said it was
all right, and at the same time broke his weapon
over the back of the unhappy beast ridden by the
man who had dared to interfere with him. Thought-
ful beneath the Polish beech, in the notorious posi-
tion of Tityras sub tegmine fagi, reclined the chief-
tain when the culprit was brought before him in
the custody of two sentinels and a third person,
who I was given to understand had the functions
of provost-marshal assigned to him. Outward appear-
ances were decidedly against the offender, and when
Horodycki drew himself up on the grass, looked at
the broken blade, and began to expatiate on his
crime, I thought his last hour had arrived. The
sentence, however, passed on the prisoner was sim-
ply that he should be turned out of the detachment.
He entreated so earnestly to be allowed to remain
that I thought he must be begging for his life, and
ultimately the chief told him to go and lie down and
get sober—the first part of -which injunction was
faithfully performed.
The second officer, the major commanding the
infantry, was Synkiewicz, son of the historian of
that name, and captain in the army of the Kingdom
of Italy. Synkiewicz, without knowing his country
from personal observation, had fallen in love with
it through imagination ; but he said that he found
the Poles whet he had always imagined them to be.
Some of the Poles do, indeed, come up to the ideal
which their warmest admirers have formed of them,
and these were the men that Major Synkiewicz
habitually associated with. This does not alter the
fac; that the greater part of the detachment consisted
of persons whom honest scavengers would have had
a right to despise. It would have been inspiriting to
most persons, but to me was saddening, to see the
delight with which this officer looked forward to the
hour fixed for entering Volhynia.--for I know that
he must die there, or come back disheartened. He
would not allow that anything was wrong in the
detachment. If some one said that the arms were
a little clumsy, he replied that the greatest battles
of modern times had been gained with arms not
nearly so good. As to the men, they were not pre-
possessing in appearance, but would know how to
fight. As to numbers, if four hundred andfifty men
were really determined to cut their way through an
opposing force, they could do it, however large
that force might be. As he was talking to me
about the Opera, and of the invigorating effect which
music, or even the recollection of music, had upon
him, I said it was a pity (as it really was) that Mario
could not see his costume, which was a sort of intel-
ligent first tenor's version of the Garibaldian make-
up. He was told that the Russians would be sure
to pick him off; bat he replied that he wished to be
conspicuous for the sake of his men, and that the
Russians, if they aimed at him, wonld not hit
him. They, however, sent a bullet through his long
chestnut coloured beard when he was inside Radzi
wilow, and afterwands brought his horse down, an
unpleasant animal, when in the darkness of night
it was all but impossible to saddle, and which ought
not to be regretted.
" Good bye," said Synkiewicz, as he mounted his
beast ; " the Russians are close at hand. We shall
attack them at 3, and be in Radziwilow at 4." I
said I would look for him there. " Don't do any-
thing of the kind," be replied, " until you are quite
sure the place is ours; and remember that we may
be is the place one hour, and out of it tne nes'.
The first half of the detachment, consisting of
200 infantry and an advanced guard of cavalry, had
already been taken across the frontier by Captain
Tohorezewski, an officer who served with Horodycki
in Hungary, and who has probably many friends in
ge wt
haes
Ca
rt
ma cohaend
wt
ao
rt. h
C0pt..13 ri t
ji sahg
oesakdi-,
Eqttlatgrltaenrsti'dnasrihn
another of Horodycki's comrades in Hungary, took
charge of the second half, and was accompanied by
Horodycki and Synkiewicz. Tne rearguard (ca-
valry) followed some hours afterwards, under the
direction of a Polish officer, late of the Russian
army. The night which, like the first night of the
march had been brilliantly beautiful until 10 o'clock,
suddenly darkened, just as the detachment began to
croos—and the rearguard went over the frontier in
the midst of thunder, lightning, and such torrents
of rain that after the lapse of a minute the dense
wood afforded no protection whatever against it.
The last man to leave was an enterprising and watch-
ful Hungarian servant, who had brought nothing
y
into the camp but an oidhworhseo, vvig4tihiopaepd ofoiecenton a
rope
tied round his nose,
and
magnificent chargeirs,hi
nfigialaenlodnidgl
arrayed
sabre.
and
equipped, and brand
We had had one alarm in the afternoon, a few
passing shots having been directed at the outposts,
who returned the fire, but without any effect beyond
that of causing Horodycki to disturb the sleepers in
call to arms. The
the camp and order a general
rearguard had just left the wood, when firing was
m
again heard. 'We listened, and it had ceased, butro the soon afterwards a messenger rode up f
Gali-
cian side with the news that the Austrians at Pod-
kamen (a town about six miles distant) had found
out the
towards 3 in
position of the ca.mp, and would be in the
wood soon after *
daylight It was now getting on
the morning, but still too dark to ride,
drive, or even
have been impotsosivblael t
two of
enlivened by ki
hf for there
Our position was
hs ehr
ace v
iwn
ga
brokenn o foo
opoast
eh
through the slush, and had there been one it would
loose,
eo see it.
but it was only when, the
lightning shone through

the wood from time to time that their preeeedings
became particularly objectionable. At last daylight
broke, and we got into peasants' carts, and were
driven rapidly towards the village of Nakwasha.
After us came two carts,containing the nearly lifeless
bodies of two poor fellows who had sank under the
fatigue of 24 hours' nearly incessant marching. We
had not proceeded far when a horse without a rider
came galloping out of the wood. Next came one of
the mounted guides, with the news that the rear-
guard had been fired upon, charged, and routed by
the Cobsacks. He was told that he lied, but persisted
in his statement, which turned out to be true.
At Nakwasha we wrung the water out of our
clothes, and then made by a roundabout road for
Brody to seek the detachment of Wysocki, which,
however, had already crossed the frontier, and was,
we were assnred,in actual possession of Radziwilow.
How this news turned out to be utterly false has
already been told. Horodycki and Wysocki arrived
in the neighbourhood of Radizwilow nearly at the
same time. Both were late, but why Horodycki
advanced at once instead of waiting for Wysocki,
and why Wysocki waited two hours close to the
frontier instead of advancing at once, has not yet
been explained.
It appears now that the 800 Russians who drove
Horodycki's detachment out of the town, and com-
pletely routed it, were the same men who afterwards
fought Wysocki and ultimately compelled him to
cross the frontier. The Polish papers estimate the
number of Russians who took part in these battles
at several thousands (from 6,000 upwards). I say
800 on the authority of one of the Polish function-
aries of Radziwilow. A Polish officer in the Aus-
trian battalion, stationed at Brody, thinks there
were 900. An insurgents
who was inside Radzi-
wilow and by the side of Horodycki when he fell,
tells me that the Russians drawn up in the market-
place numbered only 500; but there were many
more concealed in the houses.
Of the officers I have mentioned Horodycki and
Jagninski were killed. Tchorszewski returned
without a wound. Synkiewicz, after two narrow
escapes, had to take refuge in a large pond or lake,
where he remained for eight hours, while the pea-
sants, who had been pursuing him, stood on the
banks armed with scythes, and ready to murder him
if he ventured to return to dry land. The major
had swam to a little island of mud, and there re-
mained concealed among rushes and weeds,
until he
at last thought of taking his Italian hat off, and
sending it floating along the water. Then the
peasants thought their victim was drowned and
went home to dinner.

The last I heard of the gallant Major Synkiewicz
was from a young lady, not to be confounded with
" Maid Marian") who is among the wounded in
one of the hospitals at Brody. She told me that
she was lying on the ground in a wood, when "an
Italian," to her amazement, came out of the water
close by, and helped her to get to the frontier.
She said that the Italian spoke Polish very imper-
fectly, and that he was the major who commanded
the infantry in Horodycki's detachment.

rian outrage," more base, more brutal, and more
bloody in its attendant incidents even than the
ordinary run of such sanguinary butcheries. Mr.
Francis Fitzgerald, the victim upon this occasion of
the bloodthirsty resentment, miscalled the " wind
justice of revenge," and so often exhibited by the
small farmers of Ireland, was the owner of a mode-

rate property upon the borders of the two counties
of Cork and Limerick, and within sight of the Kil-
mall station of the Great Southern and Western

Railway. Among his tenants were two brothus of
the name of Dillane, " comfortable" men in the
Irish sense of the word, fairly educated for their
station, intelligent, and "respectable." Some paltry
quarrel with respect to the terms of a lease had taken
place between themselves and their landlord. Unable
to bring him over to their own view of the question,
they quietly determined to kill him. At the same time
from motives of fear either of the man himself, or

of the possible consequences of their intended crime,
they resolved to carry out their bloody intentions
by proxy. It speaks volumes for the state of pub-
lic opinion in the district that they had no diffi-
culty in securing the services, for a few pounds, of a
couple of ruffians who, so far from having any cause
of complaint against the man whom they undertook
so readily to murder, had never seen him in their
lives. Armed and primed with instructions by their
employers, they met Mr. Fitzgerald walking near
his own house in company with his newly-married
wife, accosted him, so as to make sure that he was
the right man, and then and there butchered him
upon the Queen's highway. There was literally no
pretence even of concealment. The deed was done
in open day, and the assassins leisurely walked off,
leaving their victim writhing on the ground, with
his young wife hanging over him, secure that no
hand would be raised, no tongue would move, to in-
tercept their retreat. For once they were happily
mistaken. One of the actual murderers, Beckham,
was captured red-handed, and underwent the penalty
of his crimes, after having been tried by a special
Commission within a month of its perpetration. The
other, Walsh, wandered for some weeks a fugitive
in the mountains which divide the counties of Lime-
rick and Cork, was finally hunted down by the
police, tried at the ensuing assizes, found guilty,
and executed. The terrors of the law were brought
_ _

to bear even upon those who bad harboured him, and
another " respectable" farmer, named Cooke, paid
a heavy penalty for concealing a murderer from the
police. It remained to discover and render amena•
ble to justice those who, in a moral point of view,
were even more guilty than the wretched instru-
ments of their vengeance. At the spring assizes of
the present year Denis Dillane, the elder of the two
brothers, was arraigned as an accessory before the
fact. Of all other convictions there is none which
it is so difficult to obtain from an Irish jury as one
of this particular character. It is, therefore, greatly
to the credit of the Government, and especially of
the Attorney-General, by whom the prosecution
was conducted, that, without the semblance of any
attempt to strain the law, Denis Dillane was
found guilty by a mixed jury of his countrymen,
end hanged. The last ecene of the tragedy has now
just closed. Michael Dillane, the second brother,
had been in custody for upwards of a year
awaiting his trial for the same offence. On
technical grounds it was considered inexpe-
dient to proceed upon the capital charge. To the
indictment upon the minor counts a stout defence
was made, without effect. He also was found guilty,

end sentenced, after an impressive warning, by Mr
Justice Keogh to ten years' penal servitude, the
heaviest penalty which could be inflicted by law, and
which eves aggravated by the refusal, under the
previous circumstances of his crime, of leave to the
culprit even to bid adieu to his friends.
HERALD.—We see no reason to doubt the gen-
uineness of the remarkable correspondence between
the King and the Crown Prince of Prussia which
we published a few days since. The Frankfort
newspaper in which it first appeared was estab-
lished to advocate the interests of Prussia in
Southern Germany. It has close relations with the
Prussian liberal party, and in the existing condition
of the Prussian press, is just the vehicle which the
Crown Prince would select—for if the correspond-
ence is genuine it was published with his authority
and by his orders—for the explanation of his opinions
and position. The speech he delivered at Dantzic
showed that the Prince wished that the people
should know that he was opposed to the violation
of the constitution ; and actuated by that desire, he
is very likely to have resolved upon giving a fuller
explanation of the course he has taken and of the
policy he intends to pursue for the future. There
is nothing in the letters themselves to throw any
doubt upon their authenticity ; and until the Prince
gives them a categorical repudiation the public may
fairly accept them as genuine. The publication is
calculated to exert a most happy influence upon the
conflict now waging in Prussia. The people have
known before that the Crown Prince did not ap-
prove the glaring violation of the constitution per-
petrated by the decree against the press, but they
will now learn that he has from the first opposed,
with as much vehemence as was consistent with his
position, the reactionary policy of his father. He
objected to the dismissal of the Auerswald Cabinet,
and was tauntingly told by the King that he had
an opportunity of enacting the usual part of a Crown
Prince. As far as he could he resisted the subse-
quent steps in that downward career upon which
William I. then entered. He made no parade
of opposition, and courted no popularity by censur-
ing his father. But a l his influence was employed
to disabuse him of the prejudices and errors instilled
into him by the reactionary clique which surrounds
him. At last, on the 31st of May, before setting
out for his military tour, after the session of the
Landtag had been closed, but before the ordinances
were issued, the Prince addressed his father a firm
but respectful protest against any invasion of the
law. It had no effect. The King signed the de-
cree, which, in one of the letters of this series, he
describes as being in accordance with the charter.
This decree determined the Prince to keep silence
no longer. He addressed a formal protest to the
Cabinet against the decree, which he declared ille-
gal and injurious to the state and the dynasty, ad-
dressing at the same time a private remonstrance
to the King, and a day or two afterwards took the
occasion to make public his sentiments offered by the
speech of the Burgomaster of Dantzic. These pro-
ceedings seem to have brought upon him a severe
rebuke from the King, which provoked a firm and
dignified reply, in which the Prince declares that
he owed it to his conscience and his position to pro
fess in the face of the world his .pinion of a mea-
sure which imperils his future and that of his chil-
dren, avows his determination to retract nothing,
and makeas courageous a stand for his future as the
King was making for his, but offering at the same
time to resign his commission in the army and his
place in the Council of State, and reside abroad.
The conduct of the Prince, as thus sketched by
himself, was alike prudent and honourable. It must
confirm the Prussians in their hope of a great and
a free future under his government, whilst it will
encourage them to bear with patience and firmness
all the provocations of the King and his advisers.
Irritating as it must be to them to see their consti-
tution shamelessly set at naught, to feel their liberty
of ,speech and of writing illegally curtailed, to be
ridden roughshod over by a handful of poor and
proud lordlings and renegade democrats, they will
have the resolution to bear these annoyances, to
stand upon the legal ground they have chosen, and
refrain from any of those impatient and suicidal out-
bursts to which the soi•elisant friends of liberty in
this country taunt them, in the conviction that the
system of illegality cannot last long, and that when it
falls law and liberty will be established upon founda-
tions which cannot be shaken. They know that the
Crown Prince will' revert to the constitution and
concur in its development as soon as he obtains
power, and they know that they will not have to
wait long for that ; whilst his influence will be con-
tinually directed to the end of bringing the King
back to the constitutional path. And whilst the
exposition of the Prince's feelings and purpose will
inspire the Liberals with encouragement, it will
paralyse the efforts of the reactionary party. These
men will not care to commit themselves irre-
trievably lo a cause which they know can, at the
best, triumph only for a few months. They will
not incur the hatred of a people and the scorn of the
man who must in a few years be their King merely
for the small advantages to be gained by the favour
of a monarch who, in the natural course of things,
has not long to live, and who may, for aught they
know, yield in a few days or weeks to the remon-
strances of his wife and son. The leading principle
which actuates King William in all these illiberal
measures has been, as he has often said, and we
have no doubt with perfect truth, his determination
to preserve the imperishable rights of the Crown for
his successors. Might not his Majesty, who as-
suredly would be glad to be on good terms with his
subjects, and is, as it is known, painfully afflicted
by his present unpopularity, reflect that it is of
very little use taking measures to preserve rights
for a son who has declared his repudiation of those
rights and his resolve to surrender them. The King
is embittering the last years of his life and im-
perilling the interests of his family to preserve for
his son privileges which the latter desires to see
abandoned. Of what avail is it for the King to
establish the Royal right to dispense with the
constitution if his successor is determined to aban-
don it ? His Majesty may not see the absurdity of
such an effort, but his councillors will. Much as
they may hate liberal institutions, t hey love their
own safety more. Herr Von Biemark and his col-
leagues do not confine their hopes of life or even of
power to the reign of King William. The emphatic
declaration of the Crown Prince will soon put an
end to the unconstitutional regime. It w'll deprive
the King of the instruments necessary for the exe-
cution of his plans.

ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE.

-- *-
HOME CIRCUIT.-CHELMSFORD, July 15.

The commission was opened here yesterday, and business
began to-day, Mr. Baron Bramwell presiding in the Crown
Court, and Mr. Baron Channell in the Civil Court. The
calendar is light in point of number, containing only 20
cases, but several of them are of a very odious description.
There are five cases of arson, five cases of violence to the
person by beating, or cutting and wounding, exclusive of
the odious cases above mentioned, two of which relate to
young children, one of them an infant under four years ; so
that, considering the small number of cases, the amount of
crime is rather serious in character.

As regards the civil cases, the list is unusually light, with
the exception of the Roupell case, which comes en to-mor-
row. Besides that there are only four or five cases, none of
them of any interest.