The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-08 00:00:00

THERMOMETER.

This morning
This day at Two o'clock

Barometer-30.27.
Wind—S.-W. ; cloudy.

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grip
--"1111, 40.11 D

LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 8, 1863.

If anything can possibly constrain Europe to
interfere at last between those unhappy bellige-
rents in North America, it will be the recognition
of what is rendered more apparent than ever by
these last tidings brought to us this very morning
per the Persia—namely, the increasing and still
increasing horrors of the war. The augmentation
of the horrors of the war, it must be apparent at
length, is out of all proportion to the natural and
inevitable increase of them under ordinary circum-
stances. To the customary intensification of
among combatants in civil warfare, has been, and is
being, perpetually superadded the fury born from
the clash of parties, of races, of principles.
The responsibility of criginating the conflict rests
from the first, as all the world knows full well, with
the Federals, with the States of the North. They
were the original aggressors. Fire and sword were
carried first of all by them, southwards, in to the
Confederate States. If the Northern States have
since then been desolated by the demon of battle,
it has been thus with them simply because the Con-
federates were driven to the necessity of re-
taliation. Richmond was threatened long be-
fore the terrors of war were seen to be
advancing ominously upon Washington. This
as to the mere facts of the war, as to its origin, and,
since then, as to its continuance. With regard to
the frightful augmentation of fury among the
combatants, who is there amongst us, excepting,
of course always, the hon. member for Birmingham,
who will hesitate for one instant to assert that the
responsibility, there also, rests with the Federals,
and not with the Confederates ? Answer if it be
not so—that miserable, brutal swashbuckler that
Yankee HAYNAU, the mere mention of whose name,
it will be remembered, caused a cry of abhorrence
to rise from the not usually demonstrative House of
Commons ! Answer if it be not so—the women-in-
sulting scoundrel General BUTLER ! Answer if the
exaggerated infuriation of the combatants, since this
dreadful war commenced, be not traceable to the
leaders, to the acts, to the proclamations of the
North, and not to the leaders, to the policy, or to
the proclamations of the Confederates ! No popular
preacher that we have everyet heard of in the South,
can compete with the Reverend" BEECIIER" and the
.Re'verend " CHEEVER"—those shameless ministers
(so•called) of the Gospel of CHRIST, who, in the
name of Religion, in the name of the religion of
Mercy and Beneficence, have been hounding on
the citizens of the North to the slaughter of the
Confederates by every passionate adjuration they
could think of. Again, who is there that can
possibly venture to gainsay the assertion that
President LINCOLN'S tardy announcement of a
Penal Emancipation, bis flagrant proclamation
(at the eleventh hour and purely for war purposes)
of the Freedom of the Slaves, a declaration so
made that it amounted to nothing less infamous of
its kind than the unfurling of the Black Banner
as a signal for a Servile War—who shall dare to
assert that this execrable proceeding on the part
of President LINCOLN stands to this moment wholly
unrivalled by any proceeding of a similar kind,
even in the way of retaliation (even after these and
other maddening provocations), on the part of
President Devis ! The actual ensuring of the
commencement at least of this Servile War was, as
we know, promptly seen to by the North almost
immediately after the issuing of Mr. LINCOLN'S
atrocious proclamation. It was ensured in the most
effectual manner, in the most practical manner pos-
sible, by the enrolling of black regiments. With
what result upon the fury of the Confederates ? Let
the course of the fierce struggle, just announced by
telegram as having taken place at Fort Wagner,
veleh.arly and most lamentably indicate. There—
the Confederate garrison themselves lost but
"13 in all, killed—the Federals in killed, wounded,
and,. Prisoners lost no less a number than 2,000 !
Nearly 800 of these 2,000 being buried under a flag
of trues! A very considerable proportion of the
2,000 being the
negroes who—put in front and
fighting well
on the sidef of the Federals—excited
the fury of the
inaignavnoederates to such a pitch of
passionate
hy the mere sight of
them that, wherever a black regiment moved,
there upon it was
southerentrated, as to a focus,
arnentablartillery !
the fire of the
incident of this 1 While an
occurring in the
onslaught of the
unsuccessful
ind is reported as
Federals upon Fort Wagner, theConfederateG Com-
mander-in-Chief, the redoubtable
esteneral LEE, is
known to have passed through
Orr Gap, and to
be moving thence in the direction of
House, or at any rate of Culpepper.prangs Court

Far more important, however, than the in received by this mail in regard to the mili-
tary movements at various parts of the seat of war,
are the rumours accompanying that intelligence as
to the new phase of policy now about to be carried
out by President DAVIS as head of the Confederate
Government. Let but these rumours be verified

by our next advico, and the tables will prove to
have been turned against the Federals with a

vengeance! A recognition of the Mexican occu-
pation by the French troops, followed or accom.
panied by an offensive and defensive alliance be-
tween the Imperial Government and the Confede-
rate Government, would tend, upon the instant, to

- - _
transform the whole aspect of the future, and

would certainly bring matters to a crisis between
North and South without any unnecessary delay

whatever.

Midsummer has no sooner passed than anxious
anticipations of the coining winter are beginning to
be felt, and our Northern friends think it advisable
to remind us that the efforts of last winter will

have to be in a measure renewed. Notwithstand-
i.ng the improvement in mill work, and the em-
ployment to be given by public works, mush will
still remain to be done. There will be too many
who will be unable to find employment from
either of those sources; and in the case of large
families the mill work at least will require sup
• plementary aid if we wish to keep the people
' above the level of starvation. We read that the
average rate of weavers' wages in Blackburn does
not exceed 61. 6d. or is. per week, and in many
cases 3s. and 4s. is all that men and women can
earn by a week's labour of ten hours daily. It
might puzzle the most rigid economist to keep a
family on such an income ; and, consequently, we
must riot hastily conclude, because we hear that
so many hands are at work again, that they and
their families are altogether independent of relief.
We must first ascertain what is the amount of
wages they receive—and we can readily believe
the assertion of one well qualified to speak, that
the regular hours of constant labour,untshuapphoeratletdh
by improved diet, have already affected
w
and spirits of the people. It is noth a family
tobeex-
expected that a man or woman it
of
five or six children receiving
aelvaetnhiategnasahtilalf ingsa
week can provide shoes and
that
sum. beginning
Wise men are therefore to calcu-
laterequ
weather,ired
at the first appearance
the amount of relief
atfhaithcwleihallen bte
instead of leaving everything to be done when the
genial summer sunshine no longer supplies the
lack of food and clothes. The Neapolitan lazza-
roni would find their dolce far niente life a very
difficult one to live in any climate but their own,
and so the deficient nourishment and scanty cover.
ing that will pass muster on days like these will
tell with terrible effect in the damp raw atmosphere
of our late autumn months. An interesting letter
has been addressed to our chief morning contem-
porary by an individual who was prominent last
session in organising the distribution of private
help in the most efficacious manner. He tells us
that the plans adopted were the establishment of
industrial schools, a servant's society, and mother's
kitchens. The orphanage, or home, and the
mother's kitchens were carried on until very lately,
when they were closed in the hope of being re-
opened before long. A.l the inmates of the home
were provided for before leaving. During the
winter it had given temporary shelter and protec-
tion to no less than eighty-nine young girls and
friendless women. The statistics of the Servant's
Society tell us that of 260 placed in service 88 still
remain in their situations ; the others, after stay-
ing six months, returning in the hope of getting
mill-work. It is natural that these young women

should prefer the work to which they have been
accustomed, especially as it enables thorn to be in
the midst of their family and friends, but it is never-
theless to be regretted that they should have left
places where they were getting the means of liveli-

hood until better times were really come. The
Mothers' Kitchens are an excellent thought, cal-

culated to give very substantial and useful relie

in an unpretending manner. A large room or
cottage is taken—all those thus used being lent, and
consequently rent free—and a woman engaged as
cook at seven shillings a-week. Tickets for ad.
mission to the dinners are given to the clergy and
others actively engaged among the poor, and by
them distributed to women who have an infant
under two years of age. The dinners consist of
meat, bread, and vegetables, the average cost, in-
cluding all expenses, being 21d. As the writer of
the statement observes, no plan of effectual help
can be more economical, and " the nursing motLers,
overworked in mind and body with the care of
their young families, are especial sufferers in seasons
of distress." Even if the relief could be given
them at their own homes, we all know enough of
human nature to be sure that the mother's will be