The Sun.
London, England, 1830-03-23 00:00:00

LONDON, TUESDAY EVENtIirG,• MARCH 23, 1830.

NOTICE TO ARTISTS.
ALL WORKS of PAINTING, SCULP-
TURE, or ARCHITECTURE, intended for the
ensuing EXHIBITION at the ROYAL ACADEMY,
must be sent in on MONDAY the sth, or by Six o'clock
in the Evening of TUESDAY the 6th of April next,
after which time atone can possibly be received.
The Regulations necessary to be observed may be seen
in the last Year's Catalogue, or may be obtained at the
Academy. HENRY HOWARD, R.A., Sec.
TO LICENCED VICTUALLERS.

London Tavern Committee Room, Monday, March 15.
THE TRADE COMMITTEE inform
their Brethren throughout the Collin:17 that they
are anxiously and zealously engaged in the endeavour to
protect their interests. They sit daily, and will be most
thankful for every communication for the general welfare.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No.
LXXXIV. will be published on TUESDAY, the

SOth inst.

Just published, in 18mo. with Portrait and Map, Bs. 6d.
IUEIVIOIRS of Mrs. ANN JUDSON,
kVA- late Missionary to Burmah. lucluding a IlistOry
of the Atuericazt Baptist Mission in the Burmau, Empire.
ay
By I. D. KNOWLES. .
Printedlar Whittaker, Treaolier, and Co., Ave Maria-
lane, London ; and Waugh and Innes, Edinburgh.

Just published, in Bvo. 10s. 6d.

D ROBLEMS in the 'DIFFERENT
BRANCHES of PHILOSOPHY, adapted to the
Course of Reading pursued in the University of Cambridge,
collected and arranged by the
Rev. M. BLAND, D.D., F.R.S, late Fellow and Tutor
of St. John's College, Cambridge.

Printed for Whittaker, Trencher, and Co., Ave Maria-lane.

Just published, in I2mo. 6s. 6d.
THE WORKS of HORACE; the Latin
Text from Gesner, with a literal Translation into

English Prose.

This day was published, in post Bvo. I Os. 6d. boards,
rl,ll-1E PILGRIM of the HEBRIDES : a
_ _ Lay of the North Countrie.

Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green.
Of whom may he had, by the came Author,

THREE DAYS-AT KILLARNEY. Post Bvo. 78.
boards.

" The entire volume will repay with interest an atten-
tive perusal from those who enjoy descriptive poetry, but
more especially from those who are acquainted with the
scenes described."—New Monthly. Mag., July 1, 1828.

This day was published, price 6s.

THE EDINBURGH
CRITICAL JOURNAL.

REVIEW ;
No. 100.

CONTENTS : —Art. I. Providential and Prophetical His-
tories ; Dr. Miller's Philosophy of- History, Forster's
Mahomedanism Unveiled, &c.—II. Political Economy;
Mr. Sadler's School, Italian Economists.—llL Lieutenant
Maw's Journal of a Passage from the Pacific to the At-
lantic.—lV. Etruscan History and Antiquities ; Inghi-
rami, Muller, &c.—V. Wilson's Life and Times of Daniel
Defoe.—Vl. Duties on Sugar; Sugar Trade.--VII. The
Ottoinan Empire, Travels in, Present State, and Pro-
spects; Frankland, Madden, Walsh, Macfarlane.—Vlll.
Itnpolicy of Increasing the Duties on Spirits.—lX. Sir
Butane Donkin on the Course and probable Termination of
the--Niger -New-System of- eure ; Hah nemann's
Homiiopathie.—Xl. Southey's Colloquies on the Progress
and Prospects of Society, &c. &c.
Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green,
London; and Adam Black, Edinburgh.
•,,,* No. 101 will be published in April.

NETTING AND BUNTING FOR FRUIT TREES,
FOR THE STACK-YARD, GARDEN, AND CO-
LONIAL SETTLEMENTS.

WATERPROOF RICK CLOTHS
completely fitted up: Netting and Bunting fur
Fruit Trees. Marquees and Tents of various sorts. Im-
proved dressed Cloths. Tilts, Sacks, Ropes, &c., with
other articles of similar utility. The Foreign Settler, as
well as the resident Agriculturist, may be supplied with
the above desirable articles, on moderate terms, by BEN-
JAMIN EDGINGTON, No. 5, Tooley-street. Address,
" Benjamin Edgington."
N.B.—A few Second Hand Cloths, which have been
used only a few days, to be had at Reduced Prices.

We sincerely hope the present Chief Com-
missioner of Woods and Forests, who has hitherto exe-
cuted the duties of his office with seal and independence,
will not permit the public to be disappointed in the ex-
pectation of an entrance from Carlton-place to St. James's
Park. It is true that the " Treasury Minute" which
omits to mention this indispensible convenience was made
whilst the Noble Lord's predecessor was in office ; but as
his Lordship has more than once deviated from the ori-
ginal plan, when a great public benefit was to be effected,
we trust the aristocratical occupiers of the mansions, built
on the site of Carbon-gardens, will not prevent Lord
LOWTHER. from giving to the humble pedestrians the pri-
vilege of an exit from and an entrance to the Park from
Carlton-terrace.—,lfidrniug Paper.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS-(LAST NIGHT).

The Earl of ROSEBERRY presented a petition from
the farmersof Linlithgow, or West I.9thisn, against the
new tax Oil spirits in Scotland. The petitioners were most
respectahle, and many of them personally known to him-
self. But he could not concur, that this small additional
duty of twopence per gallon would do them any injury
with the distiller.

Earl HAUDWICKE presented a petition from the Bo-
rough of Wigan, in Lancashire, against the China Trade
Monopoly. A petition to the same effect was presented
from the Royal Borough of Lanark:
The Earl of ROSSLYN presented a petition from the
Cotton-waasers of Glasgow to the same effect.
Mr. Robinson, from the Commissioners of Woods and
Forests, and Mr. Leigh, from the Deputy Clerk of the,
Crown in Ireland, presented papers.
Earl STANHOPE presented a petition from the agri-
culturists of Nottingham, representing-the distressed state
of agriculture, and praying relief. His lordship also pre-
sented a petition from the Agricultural Society of Holder-
ness, to the same effect.
All these petitions were laid on the table.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF
Tilt COURTS OF LAW AND EQUITY, AND
:EOCVDSIASTICAL COURTS. -

, lite LORD CHANCELLOR rose to make his promised
statement on the improvements in progress, and in contem-
plation, in the modes of procedure in the Courts of Law and
Equity, and Ecclesiastical Courts, as he bad given notice
the other night he would do, on occasion of moving the first
reading of a Bill connected with those improvements, now
on their Lordships' table. His object, on the present oc-
casion, was to explain the general nature and description of
the measures of improvement already brought before Par-
liament, and in progresseowards being so, and werein con-
templation, so that their Lordships might be the better able
to understand the particular provisions as they came is de-
tail before them. He felt himself more particularly called
on to do so, as the subject was mentioned in his Majesty's
Speech at the opening of the Session, and the attention of
the two Houses of Parliament called to it. He did not feel
it necessary to enter into any details, from the considera-
tion that each measure must be particularly submitted to
their Lordships' attention as they came successsively before
Parliament. All he proposed to do at present was to lay
before their Lordships the general scope of the proposed
improvement.. Even of this he was aware, that the seve-
ral parts might appear dry and forbidding ; but their Lord-
ships would, no doubt, recollect that these were matters of
the utmost importance to the liberty, property, and even
the Hires of the subject, and would therefore he disposed to
listen with attention. In the first place, he solicited their
Lordships' attention to what had bean done, and what was
intended to be done, with respect to the Criminal Law, in
the course of the present Scs ion. It was to his Right
Honouraele Friend the Secretary of State for the Home
Department that the gratitude of the country was most
particularly due for what had been done in this re-
spect. From his situation he had been enabled to pay,
and had paid, most particular attention to the state of
the criminal law, and had in that department al-
ready introduced many important improvements, and had
abolished many obsolete and useless forms, such as those
about benefit of Clergy, and other useless matters of the
same descriptioc. Having brushed away these antiquated,
and now cumbrous and inconvenient appendages, he was
in a condition to look at the state of the law itself as it was
scattered through the Statute-book, and he began with the
subjeceof larceny, and he went on to consolidate the laws
relative to malicious offences against persons and property,
and he was now employed in consolidating the whole of
the laws relative to forgery, and the punishment of death ;
and on the whole, he had caused to be repealed no less
than four hundred statutes, and had taken away the pu-
' nishment of death from nearly three hundred offences.
For this too, as well as for other things, his Right Hon.
Friel' 'Wes well entitled to the gratitude of his country.
There was manifestly a very great advantage in the course
pursued; for instead of such a multitude of particular
Acts, the whole of the law on a given subject was reduced
to five or six Acts. And as you advanced with a certain
set of improvements, you saw the way more clearly towards
others, and could more accurately detect defects, and with
greater facility and safety apply the remedy. From the
consideration of this branch of the subject he passed on to
the proceedings with respect to the Civil Law Courts.
Their Lordships were aware that two years ago a Com-
mission was appointed to examine into the state of the Law
of this country, as administered in the superior Courts of
Law. That Commission had made two Reports, and a
Bill had been already prepared, and another was in pro-
gress, to carry their suggestions into effect. The superior
Courts of Law in this country were the Courts of King's
Bench, Common Pleas, and the Exchequer. Each of
these Courts was originally differently constituted ; the
Court of King's Bench was a Court of criminal jurisdic-
tion—the Court of Common Pleas entirely of a civil cha-
racter, and the subject of its jurisdiction was the cogniz-
ance of those suits which concerned the royal revenue.
In process of time the Court of King's Bench assumed
jurisdiction in certain civil eases, and at length in all civil
cases whatever. It had interfered first in the civil suits
of those who were in the custody of its own officer; and then
by a fictitious allegation, which it would not allow to be con-
troverted, that all persons were in the custody of its own
officer, it assumed jurisdiction in all civil suits whatever.
So the Court of Exchequer, which in its origin was a Court
whose jurisdiction was confined solely to the Crown re-
venues, assumed a similar jurisdiction over all civil suits
whatever, by means of a fiction, whereby it was alleged,
and the allegation not allowed to be controverted, that the
plaintiff was debtor and accountant to his Majesty, and
that by the defendant's refusing to pay him what he owed
him, he rendered him the less able to pay the debt due from
him to his Majesty. In this manner the Court of Exche-
quer contrived to assume jurisdiction in all civil cases. Their
Lordships might easily understand that a different mode of
practice prevailed in each of these Colas, and that the
forms were distorted with fictions. With respect to the

practice of the Court of King's Bench, it required two closely
printed octavos, with distinct rules in each page, to give
a fair view of it; and the case with respect to the Com-
mon Pleas was the same. With respect to the Court of
Exchequer, there was no corresponding publication; but
if there had been one, it must have been still snore com-
plicated and voluminous. It was intended by . the mea-
sures now in contemplation to shorten and simplify the
practice of these Courts, and to assimilate them to each
other, and to curtail the expellee as much as possible.
The effect would be to render the process not only more
easily understood by people in general, but more intelli-
gible to those persons who might be preparing their way
to the bar. It was lamentable to think that it was neces-
sary for those who were intended for the bar to spend so
much of their time in making themselves masters of mere
forms and technicalities, instead of the substantial parts of
the law, and their improvement in general knowledge, and
therefore the more the mode of procedure was simplified
the better. That was the first point on this head ; and
fur the purpose which he had mentioned a Bill was pre-
pared, and it would be fur their Lo, dtinps to judge whe-
ther it bad adopted the wise and proper course to carry the
object into effect or not. The report also related to a sub-
ject of great importance, namely, the science of special
pleading. He had heard that it had been said in another
place that special pleading ought to be abolished. The
Commission, however, did not think so; and, in his opi-
nion, they thought wisely. Any one might understand
that what occasioned the greatest expence in the proceed-
ings at law was the trial; and, with reference to this, the
science of special pleading was most important. What was
special pleading ? It was to In ing the issues for the trial,
both as law for the Judge and fact for the Jury, to the
shortest and most distinct points, so that the suitor might
know precisely to what, at the trial, he would have to
»apply himself, and make his preparations as to witnesses
and other matters accordingly. If there were no special
pleading, and the matters in difference were not thus made
short and distinct, the suiter could not so well know how
to prepare himself for the trial ; and, in making prepara-
tions to meet every supposable case, he would be put to
most enormous and unnecessary expense; and, in addition,
there would be such a constant succession of mistakes at
Nisi Prius, that the number and expence of new trials
would be enormously multiplied. The Commissioners,
therefore, did wisely in refusing to abolish a system which
prevented such confusion, and complication, and uncer-
tainty at the trials. Special pleading was no more than
this :—The plaintiff stated his case, the defendant pleaded
(that is, answered), the plaintiff replied, and so on, and in
this manner the matters in issue were brought to precise