The Sun.
London, England, 1839-08-07 00:00:00

CHINA.

As every thing connected with our intercourse with
China must be interesting at the present moment, we copy
from the Singapore Free Press Extra of 15th March,
the following account of proceedings at Canton previ-
ously to the stoppage of the trade. It will be seen that the
officers of the Chinese government are adopting the most
vigorous measures in suppression of the opium traffic, and
that the Commissioners from Pekin had demanded a meet-
ing with the Governor and Senate of Macao, probably
with the view of resuming that settlement, and ex-
pelling the whole of the foreigners from China.
(From the Singapore Free Press Extra, March 15.)
Yesterday's shipping report announced the arrival
of the Mary Ann from China the Ist inst., and in the
absence of any files of our own by that vessel we are in-
debted to Capt. Jones for the loan of a Canton Press of
the 23rd ult., and an Extra of the 27th, the latter giving
an account of the execution of another Chinese for deal-
ing in opium, in front of the foreign factories, and of the
circumstances attended thereon, which, in the present
state of the trade to China, we think of sufficient interest
to republish in an Extra of our own for the information of
our readers. The arrival of the Commissioner from
Pekin was looked forward to with some degree of
anxiety, mingled we should judge, with some degree of
apprehension, in case the report that eight Chinese on
board of a Government cruizer had been killed in attack.
ing one of our opium vessels on the Coast should prove
true—one certain, but not perhaps the only result
of which will be the entire stoppage of the whole
foreign trade. We hare also seen private letters from
Macao of date Ist instant, which state that the only reply
made by the Chinese officers to the remonstrance against
executing the unfortunate culprit in front of the factories
was, "It is the express order of the Emperor,"—so that
the intention would seem to be to exhibit the same frightful
spectacle to foreigners whenever a case of detection in the
vicinity of Canton occurs. These letters also state that, in
addition to the combustibles which had been sent down
from Canton in the Government gun-boats, the Chinese
had purchased at Macao 4 forty-four pound cannon, for
each of which 1.000 Sp. drs. was given, and it is said the
Commissioner had demanded a meeting with the governor
and Senate at Macao. Under these circumstances, as
might be expected, the opium trade was at a complete
stand—but a few chests have been disposed of at Macao for
consumption there at 335 Sp. drs. for Patna, and 280 Sp.
drs. for Malwa, under a duty of 15 Sp. drs. per chest.
EXECUTION OF A CHINESE IN FRONT OF THE FACTO-
RIES AT CANTON.—The Govornor of Canton has effected
the threat made to the Chamber of Commerce two months
since, that criminals guilty of trading in opium were in
future to be executed in front of the foreign factories. Last
evening, at about half past five o'clock, some soldiers were
seen making their appearance, armed with halberds,
lances, and match-locks, without however exciting much
attention, it being thought that some minor punishment
migh perhaps be inflicted, such as flogging, which is not
an uncommon occurrence on that spot. But a mob being
soon collected, it was found on inquiry that a man, guilty
of dealing in opium, was to be strangled, and long beforr
this was generally known among the foreign community, or
indeed could be prevented by an act of the foreigners,the deed
had been committed, and this fresh insult been offered to
foreigners residing in Canton. The authorities had taken their
measures with such secrecy, and carried them into effect witb
such precipitation, that five minutes had not elapsed between
the arrival of the soldiers and the death of the man. How
qua and the two other Senior Hong merchants received
sudden orders immediately to proceed to the front of the
Factories, and at the moment of the former's arrival the
unhappy culprit was strangled, before even the Kwang-
heep had arrived. A numerous guard of soldiers, headed
by officers on horses and mules had in the mean
while formed a circle round the gallows to keep off the
mob ; many foreigners had by this time collected round
the spot, and some, who were able to speak Chinese re-
monstrated with Howqua and the Kwang_heep concerning
this insult offered them, but, the act having already been
committed, of course, without thereby mending affairs.
The authorities and soldiers, after having staid altogether
not more than perhaps twenty minutes, withdrew carrying
away the corpse. The hurried manner in which the whole
affair was conducted sheaved but two clearly the ap-
prehensions of the authorities of another attempt at
preventing the execution, as happened on the 12th of De
comber, and it is very likely that had it beer, known in
time, such attempt would have been made, though we be-
lieve with little chance of ultimate success on the part of
foreigners, for not only did the Chinese police soldiers
muster strong, but there can be little doubt that others
were in reserve to overpower all resistance. Moreover,
the time chosen was the dinner-hour of the Chinese, and
that likewise when many of the foreign residents take ex-
ercise on the water, and therefore when the autlioritieE.
were most likely to succeed without hindrance in their
scheme. Considering all matters dispassionately, we come
to the conclusion that it is rather a matter of conura:u-
lation than otherwise that the foreign residents Cad or
time given them to oppose the execution, for it is but
too likely that wounds would have been given and re-
ceived, and actual acts of violence on the part of a few
foreigners against the Chinese authorities, cannot possible
end to the advantage of the former, the more so as we
know from sad experience that we have the sympathies
of the people by no means with us, as was shown on th,
12th of December 12st, and that we must not be blinded
to the fact that the safety of our persons and property
can only be secured by the protection offered to both b)
the Chinese Government.

After the execution had taken place, many of the British
residents deliberated upon the best means of dernenstrating
to the Chinese how deeply they felt and resented the
insult offered to the community, and it was at one time in-
tended to have cut down the British flag-staff; but this
being over-ruled, the address to the second Superinten-
dent, of which we give a copy below, was resolved on,
and received the signature of most of the British here,
many signatures in our copy being still wanting as the
paper had nut finished its circulation. Mr. Johnston has
acceded to the request that the British flag may not again
be hoisted, until reference can be made to ber Majesty'
Chief Superintendent ; and the American, Dutch, and
French Consuls have also, on applioation, agreed not to
hoist their respective flags this morning ; and a meeting of
Americans now in Canton was convened by their Consul
this morning, of which we shall give particulars below.
For the present the not hoisting of the flags is the only
manner foreigners have to show the Chinese that they
resent the insult offered them, and it remains for Captain
Elliot to determine whether his flag is to continue to fly in
a public place of execution. The Chinese, we under-
stand, wish to make it appear that the affair was not meant
as an insult to foreigners, as, though the execution took
place in front of the factories, yet the spot chosen was
exactly opposite to Old China-street : this latter is not a
fact, but is merely a quibble, and will be regarded worth-
less as such by foreigners, the Chinese also concluded that
the insult was lessened by the body not being left at th:,
place of execution, but exposed afterwards in some other
place.

This unfortunate man was a native of Whampoa, and,
when in September last, the Mandarines attempted to
search the houses there, is said to have been very active in
his opposition to the officer, and to have caused the death
of some. He afterwards made his escape, but the Go-
vernment having retained his father, mother, and brother
as hostages and moreover offered a reward of Sp. Dis.
1,000 for his apprehension, he to liberate his relatives,
gave himself up, receiving at the same time the offered
reward in money. He was conveyed to the place of exe-
cution in a bamboo basket, and was heard whilst being
carried through the streets, to exclaim that be was innc-
cent. His name is Fengangin, aged 34 years. It is also
said that the Mandarin at Casa Branca in Macao has re-
ceived uccounts of an engagement having taken place on
the East coast between aforeign vessel and a war junk in
which it is said eight Chinese have been killed. Under
existing circumstances, the confirmation of this news is
expected with considerable anxiety.

MEETING OF AMERICAN MERCHANTS. —A meeting of
American merchants alluded to above, and which, we be-
believe, was not to be considered as a public meeting, it
was expressed to be the general sense of those present
that the American Consul, Mr. Snow, be requested not to
hoist the flag until directions be received from his govern-
ment, or until circumstances should render it expedient to
hoist it again.

THE MARKETS-(YESTERDAY.)

(From the London New Price Current of August 6.)
SUGAR.--Since this day week a good demand has pre-
vailed for British Plantation Sugar at an advance of full
6d per cwt. Berbice ordinary dark brown quality has been
sold at 625, Trinidad and Berbice low grey at 63s 6d,
Nevis mid 645, Antigua and Jamaica mid to good mid
yellow 65s 6d to 675, and fine Antigua at 68s to 69s ; at
auction 122 casks Barbadoes sold briskly at former rates,
fine at 68s 6d, good 67s to 67s Gd, mid to good mid 65s to
66s 6d.
This afternoon 100 hhds Barbadoes Sugar sold steadily
at the rates previously established, fine went 68s 6d to
695, good 67s to 68s, low mid and mid 65s 6d to 66s per cwt.
REFINED.—The low and mid qualities, and those equal
to the standard, have been taken freely by the grocers, the
latter kind realizing 83s, and both sorts are rather scarce :
the finer qualities are rather more plentiful. Crushed has
brought 355, 101 b Hambro' Loaves 40s to 41s, and 141 b
loaves 38s. Of Bastards the grocers have been free
buyers, paying rather higher prices.
MAURITIUS.—This afternoon 1,655 bags at auction found
ready buyers at full prices—bright fogey mid and good
brown went at 61s to 62s 6d, mid yellow 63s to 63s 6d,
good mid 64s to 64s 9d, good 65s to 65s 6d per cwt.
EAST INDlA.—Bengal good mid white at 66s a 66s 6d,
good 675, soft yellow 62s 6d to 645, good strong bright
yellow, resembling West India, 65s to 65s 6d, damp white
65s to 675, and washed 63s 6d to 65s 6d. Manilla at 21s
to 245, for good brown and fine strong yellow ; low to good
brown went at 19s 6d to 20s, damps 19s, and washed 18s
6d to ]9s. In Java prices have undergone no further
change. Cochin China at 24s 6d to 25s for low mid grey-
ish white, 22s 6d to 23s 6d for yellow, 18s 6d to 23s 6d for
damps, and 183 6d to 23s for washed.
FORElGN.—Havannah at 39s for good mid, 40s is still re-
fused for good strong sorts; Brazil at 19s 6d to 22s for low
to fine.

This afternoon there were offered at public sale 1,000
hhds Foreign Muscovado sugar, and 492 chests 34 barrels,
&c., Bahia ; the former were taken in above their value,
very fine yellow at 265, and good brown at 25s 6d; there
were buyers at 25s per cwt ; the latter were taken in
Is 6d to 2s above their value, viz., low to fine brown at
20s to 245, mid to good mid white 27s to 31s.
MOLASSES.—For West India a good demand has pre-
vailed. Good and fine Antigua has fetched 25s 6d to 36s
6d, good mid St Vincents 34s 6d, good and fine Demerara
34s to 35s 6d, and Barbadoes 35s 6d per cwt. This after-
noon good St Vincents were sold at 35s per cwt.
COFFEE.—This afternoon Foreign was in increased
demand, and by private contract 2,000 bags Brazil were
sold at 44s 6d to 45s for low good ord ; some small parcels
of St. Domingo, were disposed of within the range of the
quotations ; the principal holder is not inclined to sell at pre-
sent rates. There was no public sale of East or West India.
Brazil by private contract (imported from the Cape) was
in brisk demand by the home trade, and nearly 4,000 bags
were sold at about 54s 6d for good ord but unclean. Java
was sought after, and 84s paid for small parcels of fine ord.
Cocoa.—The Grocers have been free buyers of 'West
India, and 445 bags and barrels Trinidad at auction sold
briskly, establishing an advance on former rates of 2s per
cwt, fine red brought 56s to 57s 6d, middling to good 51s
to 545, and good middling to good grey 505 6d to 53s 6d.
Guayaquil have been sold at 36s 6d for fair quality.
TALLOW.—The trade have been free buyers of P Y
Candle to supply their immediate wants, and the arrivals
being still small, prices have again advanced, and first
quality has fetched 53s per cwt. At auction 400 casks
Odessa sold at 523 to 53s 3d. For delivery in the last
three months prices have advanced to 49 6d to 50s Town
Tallow : prices have improved.
Oles.—Fish Oils at former rates. Southern 231 103
to 251 for mid dark to fine pale quality, which is 10s.
higher; Sperm at 951 to 961 for fine quality. Linseed
Oil at 26s 3d to 26s 6d; on the spot at 263. Palm went
at 39s 3d to 393 6d per cwt. Cocoa Nut Oil fetched
433 3d to 43s 6d per cwt.
Tai.—Much excitement was produced in the Tea
market last week by the accounts received from Canton,
stating the stoppage of trade; there was a brisk demand
for nearly every description of home use, several purchases
were also made on speculation, and prices improved 2d to
3J per lb; the operations, however, were more particularly
in common Congous at is 4id a is 5d ; low Twankay at
Is 71-d a is 8d; and in the lower descriptions of Young
Hyson at 2s per lb. In Company's Congou largo pur-
chases were also made at is 7d.
There was a good attendance of the trade at the auc-
tions which commenced yesterday. The quantity brought
forward amounted to 59 892 packages, or 4,217,623 lbs :
the trade did not buy so freely as the previous state of the
market led persons to suppose, and there was not much
spirit in the biddings. Of 10,500 packages passed
auction, only 3,600 were actually sold ; the advanced
prices paid last week were mostly maintained, which
is l to 22 over the rates of July sales, in some cases,
however, they arc barely so good. Hyson but middling
neher coarse and strong was sold at 2s to 2s 4g,
better 33 3d, Young Hyson but middling rather coarse
and large leaf 2s lid to 2s 3d, middling 2s 7d to
23 Bd, Twankay but middling rather coarse is 7d to
Is 8.12-cl, pale leaf, is Souchong but middling
large leaf is 94cl to is 104 d, Congou preferable to
but middling rather strong blackish leaf 2s Old, strong
blackish leaf 2s 241 d to 2s 2A-d, but middling mixed with
Pekoe is 71 to Is Bid, Caper Souchong but middling
rather burnt is 7d, Fukien Bailee at is 6d duty, Is 9d to
Is 9d per lb; no common Congous have yet passed the
sale.

To-day the trade purchased more freely at the sales, and
a pretty good demand was experienced, 6,000 out of
14,000 pkgs finding buyors, and the rates previously
established were supported ; the principal part of the
Tea bought in yesterday has been sold at prices on a
par with those of last week. Congou, but mid dingy leaf
fist Is 3-ed to is 3id, but mid rather old is qd to is sd,
but mid blackish leaf rather burnt Is qd, but mid
little old Is 6d to Is 6d, but mid blackish leaf
Is 9id to is Rid, but mild strong old Souchong kind
Is 91d to is 10d, but mid little coarse burnt is Mid to
Is lid, Souchong, good ord rather coarse is 24d to Is
21d, but mid is 3,:id to is 4ed, but mid and mid rather
burnt Is 5d to is 51d, but mid blackish leaf rather coarse
Is 6ed to Is 71d; Hyson, but mid rather brightish leaf
2s 6d to 2s 61d.

IRISH MARKETS.
DUBLIN MARKET NOTE for the WEEK ending AUGUT 2.
___

To v..ra
1,646 Wheat, per barrel 20 stone 36 0 From
4W A 0
ZIP ee.
3
0 Bere l6 stone 0 0 0
0 Barley
1,280 Oats l4 5t0ne......' !6 0 20 0 18 11
0 Flour, per cwt 8 staue .. 0 0 0
0 Oatmeal....--- 8 5t0ne...... • $ 0
Sold to Bakers only.
6,281 Cwt. Flour 22 0 25 6 24 4
Average price of Wheat and Flour 65.. 4d. per sack.
Sales Re c i
op
ft sof Flour,D o.
,sl;eincr Fir5t5..........., •d: ; :
...................
from
fromf
rr
oo
mm o 2109:
.: 0
dodod
...
ttt
000 ,_i225:.
225. (M.
00(1.0:11..

?RICE OF 111. EA D. --
-
Quartern Loaf 104. I Half Quartern ad.
CORK MARKETS.—August 3
Wheat (per .r`Ott.)2Es Od. to 375. 0 I.loats (per 14st.) ...118. 64. to 16,3. Od
Barley (per I(ist.)ls (1 22 6 I elour (per cwt )...16 0 24 0
Oatmeal (per cwt.) 12s. Od. to 6(1.
Beef, 4d. to 7d.—Mutton,'Sd. to 6d.—Veal, 4d. to 6d.
Pork, 41d. to sd.—Fresh Butter, 10d. to Ild. per lb.
PRICE OF BUTTER.
To the Merchants. To the Countr7
86g. 775.
84 ..5
82 73
75 66

First Quality
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
CLONMELL M.

d.
s. d. s.
New Butter ...... oto 90 0
Oatmeal 12 0 12 3
Rendered Lard 0 52 0
Per

11 a u r , Second 0 44 6
—Household...— 0 42 0
Per

',6
AltKETS.—Ausut 3,
r Cwt.

Rapeseed 20 0 0
Bere 8 4 10 0
Per:
Wheat. 1 8 110
oats 0 8 0 9

s. d. s. d.
Hides (raw) 0 to 24 0
Bacon Pigs 3, 0 40 0
Heads 28 0 0
Bag.
Flour, Thirds 0 32 0
Feurths 22 0 -- •
lane].

I ---
Batley 13 0 14 0
Coals
0 0
;tone.

Tallow (rough) 4 0 4 R
Potatoes 0 3 ( 4
MARKETS.

KILKENNY
Whcatsper barrel)3os. Od.to 375. Od.
Barley 2O 0 22 0
Oats 12 6 14 6
Flour (per bag) 30 0 40 0
Butter (per cwt.) 90 0 98 0
Bacon Pigs 3.5 0 36 0
Coals 1 0 1 2

Beef (per 1b...; Os. Od. to Os. Gd.
Mutton 0 5 0 6
Pork 0 4 0 0

Veal 0 0 0 7
Fresh Butter 0 0 1 0
Salt Ditto
Potatoes (per et.) 0 4 0 3

' Mr. HAWES rose to move for a " Copy of the Tariff
agreed upon by the Commissioners appointed under Article
7 of the Convention of Commerce and Navigation
between Turkey and England." He said the treaties
lately entered into by this country with Turkey and
Austria did great credit to the Government, but though
they went much further than anything formerly done,
still he thought they were defective. The Turkish
one because it did not include the Principalities
—if that were so it would open a vast extent of
coast to British commerce, and the treaty with
Austria was defective because it did not include the port of
Trieste. He must complain also of the slovenly manner
in which business was done in this country. Long after
these treaties had been laid on the table of the House mer-
chants began to act upon them, but they suffered much
loss because they had not been communicated to the Customs.
The trade had increased 24 per cent. and the capital 75
per cent., and this increase had been all frightened away
by the restrictive policy adopted with regard to Foreign
countries, and he hoped this House would give some ex-
pression to its opinion as to the necessity of exhibiting a
more determined and vigorous demonstration on the part
of this country in that quarter of the globe. A great im-
provement had taken place in the quarantine laws owing to
the exertions of Mr. M‘Gregor, but a vast deal yet re-
mained to be done, and unless the Government were in-
clined to draw closer the bonds of commercial intercourse
with Austria, whose interests were identical with our own,
it was impossible that this could be done. He had
felt it his duty to call the attention of the House to these
treaties, and he hoped that all those who felt interested
in this subject would support him. He believed that a
deficient revenue for the next few years would be a blessing
to the country, as it would impress upon the people and
that House the necessity of exertion in improving our
commercial relations, and in lightening the burden of tax-
ation by the practice of economy.
Mr. HUME seconded the motion.
Lord PAL ME R STON felt that the House would feel
obliged to his Honourable Friend for having drawn the
attention of the House to the subject before the
close of the Session.—( Hear, hear.) Much had been
done, but much yet remained to accomplish. He could
assure the House that this was a point that occupied the
incessant attention of every member of the Government,
and that no opportunity was lost of extending the sphere
of the foreign commerce of the country. With regard to
the extension of the Turkish treaty, it would have been
anusual and by no means expedient to make a treaty with
a Sovereign, and to exclude a portion of the dominions of
that Sovereign from the treaty. A doubt might arise
whether it was desirable that England should claim the
application of the treaty to Moldavia and Wallachia
because it was doubtful if the same abuses existed in
those principalities as in the rest of the Turkish
dominions, and that question had not yet been determined
on. As to the right of England to do so, there could be
no doubt. It was wrong to suppose that any new stipula-
tions were necessary to secure the free navigation of the
Danube, as that river was clearly included in the provisions
of the Treaty of Vienna. Therefore, any new stipulations
would weaken instead of strengthen those rights. He was
not aware that the commerce of England stood in need of
any protection in the Black Sea which it did not enjoy at
present. A great and increasing trade with Persia, until the
occurrence of the late differences bad been carried on in the
Black Sea, under the protection of the British flag.
An attempt had been made to hold a conference of
European Nations on the subject of quarantine. Many
persons were of opinion that quarantine was useless, and if
these opinions were correct, this was an additional reason
why the European nations should re-consider the subject.
It was the duty of the Government to open new channels
for the commerce of the country ; with this view a person
had been sent to the Commercial League now sitting at Ber-
lin, with a view to enter into some negotiation with them,
and he could assure the House that the great object of the
Government in every quarter of the world was to extend
the commerce of the country. This was not to be done
by the commercial treaties alone—the maintenance
of peace was also necessary, not only of this
country with others, but among all the nations of
the world ; and he was happy to say that the efforts of this
country in this respect had been hitherto successful. He
could have no objection to the motion of his Hon. Friend,
but in justice to Austria he must state that, independent of
the papers called for, there was published last year in Aus-
tria a new tariff lowering duties and removing prohibitions,
admitting certain goods on a fair rate of duty; among
these articles were brass ware, cotton manufactures,
earthenware, glass, leather, oil, tin, and pewter, and
woollen manufactures of all kinds. Thus while this tariff
did high honour to Austria, it exhibited a desire on the
part of the Austrian Government to extend the relations
between the two countries.—( Cheers.)
Mr. HUME felt that the Noble Lord was entitled to
the thanks of the House and the country for the pains he
had taken in extending the commercial relations of the
country. He hoped the time was coming when the restric-
tions on the importation of corn, timber, and other matters
into this country would be removed.—( Hear, hear. )
Mr. VIL LIERS thought the Noble Lord was entitled
to the gratitude of the country for his attention to the corn
mercial interests of the country, which was the more extra-
ordinary when the anti.commercial spirit of the House was
consi'lerd. He trusted he had directed the person sent
to Ben;.n distinctly to answer what commercial
advantages they would give us in the event of our
opening our pods to their produce. This was important,
order to enable the country to ascertain distinctly the
loss suffered by our adherence to the restrictive system.

Lord BROUGHAM said:—lf, in rising to address
your Lordships, I felt only anxiety on account of the un-
paralleled importance of this case, as regarded the policy,
the welfare, and the Constitution of this country, I should
feel much less anxiety than perhaps I now feel in address-
ing your Lordships at this moment ; but when I feel also
aware of the infinite importance of this case, and of the
exceeding interest which it has excited—not merely that
legitimate interest to which it is fairly entitled, and would
be expected to excite in the minds of the people of that
country which it more nearly concerns—not to that interest
which any question connected with the purity of the admi-
nistration of justice must excite in the minds of your Lord•
ships—constituting, as you do, the highest tribunal for tire
administration of justice in the country ; but I allude to ano-
ther interest, which I would willingly wish, if possible to
pluck out from the question. I allude to the personal interest
which must be felt in this question by those who believe
that I stand here as the accuser of an individual or of the
Government ; and to that interest which must be felt by
those who perchance believe that the motion is intended to
place them on their personal defence ; and to that party
interest which the question is calculated to raise, and which
I would I could say that any efforts of mine are likely to lull.
My Lords, I may therefore under these circumstances be
supposed to lend myself to personal views, or party views,
and not merely to stand here in the discharge of an im-
perative public duty. But of the experience which your
Lordships have had of me, while practising before you as a
Minister of Justice at your bar, or as presiding, so far as
any Peer can preside, over your judicial proceedings as
a Court of Justice—of the whole tenor of my not short
public life of more than 30 years and upwards, in which
I have constantly,—it is perhaps rather the result of good
fortune than merit of my own—by accident, I will only
say—without deviation or change, or shadow of a turning
—proceeded in the same course, and been guided by the
same principles : if this give your Lordships no pledge
that I am here only to discharge a public and indispen-
sible duty, then what pledge can I give—what more can I
say ? Only this ; see how I perform the duty which
I have undertaken, and then whosoever of the
accusers may be disappointed, or whosoever of those who
are on their defence may be disappointed—whatsoever
party feelings may be excited, or party objects frustrated,
by my discharge of that duty—at least, I shall be able to
appeal to your Lordships for my acquittal from the charge
of having made myself on this occasion what I never did
before, the engine of party feeling, or the instrument of party
attack. My Lords, I will detain you with no further preface ;
I have only so long detained you, because I deemed it ne-
cessary. I will at once proceed into the heart of this great
subject, and I will call upon you to examine the pro-
positions which I have partly laid before you, and to
which I am now about to claim your agreement. My
Lords, the first of these propositions relates to
a subject second in importance, in my opinion,
to none of the others. If any thing be essential to
the administration of justice in any country it is, surely,
that evidence, when it is known to exist, for the conviction
of an offender about to be put upon his trial, shall be
surely forthcoming when the day of trial arrives. In Eng-
land—in Ireland how is this great end of justice effected?
In England, as in Ireland, those who are known
to have the power of bringing evidence are
by the committing Magistrates, or subsequently, bound over
to prosecute—that is, in common parlance—but it is the
Crown that prosecutes, and they are bound only as wit-
nesses to give evidence. In England, in ordinary cases
there is no difficulty in obtaining men not to forfeit their
recognisances to come forward and give evidence. When
they do forfeit their recognizances, their recognizances
are estreated, and the penalties in which they have
hound themselves, are exacted, and if they cannot pay the
penalty they are committed to prison—not formally—not
nominally—but there they lie till they give evidence, or till
they have been punished sufficiently by way of example
to deter others from the like offence.—( Hear, hear, hear.)
This is the corner stone of the administration of criminal
justice in England, and if that stone is loosened the fabric
falls. How is it in Ireland ? I may now advert to the
promise. I mean to keep as nearly as possible to the
letter, that though I may have occasion to trespass at
some length on you Lordship's time, I intend to trouble
you with reading from the evidence as little as I
possibly can. I shall have to read a page or two;
I know every portion of the evidence that refers to this
question, and I can refer to every page if it is necessary for
me to cite it, but I shall trouble )ou with as few as possible
of those pages. But we have again and again throughout
the whole of this mass of evidence the most undeniable
proof that in Ireland it is not as in England. There in-
deed when a man refuses to come forward and give his
evidence in a criminal prosecution, the recogni-
:once is estreated and the form of inflicting
the penalty is gone through, but in 99 cases out of 100,

bid you attend as a member ?
" I am not aware whether I did or not.
" Was there any payments on entering the Association
" I am certain there was.
" Did you make any payment ?
" I have no recollection.—( A laugh.) lam not aux,,
ous to deny that I was a member, if I was. I shall
happy to state, if I recollect. I think I became a member.
" What were the objects of the association ? of
" The object, as I understand, was the sustainment
the Reform party in Parliament. I cannot tell more.
" Were you ever member of any other Association'
" Oh, yes, the Catholic Association." .ro
And, my Lords, he recollects what happened 12 yea? tie
7''
most accurately—he recollects the very street in which
Catholic Association met, in Capel-street, and he 'rec°e,
lects the number of persons, six or seven, who wr,re
iPrets
sent at a meeting twelve years ago. He recoil bat
every thing that was said by every body a
tors
he cannot remember what was done two le-
ago, about the time when he wki appointed
e.
the office under Government—that is P Eased from his
:se
To
—on the contrary, we considerataty aided it. Het
collection altogether. But his mere ory was not her.lo
mistaken if he supposed we wo'dld be satisfied with tued
vague generalities, and this defective recollection. Inde
when we saw his memory so serviceable on other subjectsb
we were tempted to make it more available.—( A laugdi,
We asked him—" Do you recollect any one obis° t
tinctly at any meeting? " He answered—" There is -
in myrecollection any particular object;" and he thou!;
ht
he got over us—( A laugh)—but we proceeded to refry s"
his recollection, and we inquired—" Was tpere anYi/Jing
said about tithes?" << Oh, yes—l am certain therj ryas'
now you suggest it to me."—( Laug,hter.) 55 (Y
t
rished the man must have been to find persons who never
had been there once suggesting a thing C
oat came 5o