The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-02 00:00:00

Social Science Meeting in Edinburgh,

The forthcoming meeting of the Social Science
Association promises to be very successful both e:
regards the number of members attending and the
papers to be read. Several papers on subjects bear'_ee_
ing more or less directly upon agriculture havenob
17,5
forwarded to the secretary; among these is 060:f
Mr. Torrens " On Conveyancing by Regilorlioct in
Titles as in operation in Australia." "
operation in the colony of South Anrit;ealliv
.wßas.
a paper
given some time ago in the colatnne:lreitid
Agriculturist. Professor Garages is t,, The Use and
on " Diseases in Cattle ;" and one
Abuse of Poisons in Agrieultueraon ~ The Condi-
George Hope, Fentonbarns,
,0,13. fr. J. j Robb, rain.
tions of Agricultural Success; l„
rot Scotland." We
Inpractice ;" mr.
i‘lr. Scot Skir-
burgh, one on " Hinds' houses.„ rr on " The condi.
Combie, of Mel-
bourne, Campton, will re.aodurTaehrPsol
m.
Eirectispisnipline '' '
Papers—one on " Gold Dis-
tiou of the Rural Ljoiaob.,oa.
understand that the
object ; bE.sideert
bourne, is to read twoupron p
es
=lc and Commerce ;"
hheeroenaereb seveny
A l r.
coveries, their
I, Feria.
the other on
eig one by M T
M'Combie, theArir.
Add r. orrens, one by the
erleY) M.P by .., one
Right go. The co •
Papers on the laf.totrer,
Measor, S:c• committee have agreed to set
the reading' of the papers on
r ento pisctpltne
mondaY
'--the whole of the papers are
to be read, and then the discussion will take place
upon them.—N. B. Agriculturist.

POPULAR
Bt
Tn 5:
IDEA OF A PENNY-A-LINER—
Humorously described by Mr. Sala at p. 166 of his
scant easkMast in Bed."—The gluttonous, bibulous, ineon-
*ungrateful British Public have taken it into their
conceited heads that on cocas-low' reporter is necessarily a
ragged creature, with a soiled note-book, a battered hat,
and a bulging umbrella ; a kind of cross between Paul fry,
a detective polic.rnan, and a man in possession.
[..knvEwrisEmENT.]-Idolloway's Pills,—Enjoyment of
lift.--When the blood is pure, its circulation perfect, end
the nerves in good order, we are well. These Pills possess
a marvellous power in securing these great secrets of
health by putifying, regulating, and strengthening fluids
and solids, Holloway's rills can be confidently recom-
mended to all persons suffering from disordered digestion
ior
worried by nervous fancies or neuralgic pains. They correct_.
e
acidity and heartburn, dispel sick headache, quicken
nt"
action of the liver, and act as alteratives d
w le
aperients. The weak and delicate may take t
vZa
e n
ble to
action in-
of
tha m
t u t
fear. Holloway's Pills are eminently slre
valids of irritable constitution, as theY ci.unimeh, ez
mer.
r every organ to its natural standard, an ~ _
cise a calming and sedative 1111:N030.

NEW Z E ALAN D.—PROVINCE OF ' untaken, even unapproached, gold, on the first news
AUCKLA ND GOVERNMENT LOAN. £500,000. of General ROSENCRANZ'S defeat, in exchange went
TIIE BANK' OF NEW ZEALAND,
Bankers to the C:eneral Government of New Zealand, and to up to 165. Even by the Closing quotation upon the
the Provincial ( iovernment of Auckland, give notice, tb at
TENDERS
ywi b
the 311 d
in e receivedfor the BALANCE, unallotted until Twelve o'clock on evening of the 22d, receding only to 1511 !And then
A
oBfAtthLeRPIRST INSTAL HEN r of the above LOAN, viz., merely rallying so far, not because of any good news,
50, at and above the minimum already declared. 0 £2B so to speak, but for no better tidings than that the po-
Tii-e portion now advertised will bear interest from the Ist
October, 1863. sition of ROSENCRANZ was then supposed to be
Tenders to be made in conformity with the terms of adver-
tisement under date 21st ultimo. slightly less disastrous or less critical than it had at
F. LARKWORTHY, Managing Director.
, first been reported. Two fragments of the intern-
rank of New 'Zealand,
50, Old liroad-street, London, genre brought to us by the Scotia, read rather omi-
-Ist October, 1663.,
nously, it must be confessed, so far as they tend
to indicate the imminent impossibility of a war
between France and the Federals—one being an
intimation through the New York World, the
other through the Nero York Herald. The latter
stating—" It is reported that Vice President
STEPHENS has gone to Europe with an offer to cede
Texas to France in return for French assistance to
the Confederate Government. The former asserting
that information has reached New Orleans that the
French had occupied Matamoras with 5,000 troops.
A collision is expected to take place at the mouth
of the Rio Grande between the French and Federal
gunboats on matters connected with cotton and
supplies for the Confederates." Straws—these are
not—thrown up to indicate in which direction
blows the fiery wind of war. Rather, let us say,
flickering flambeaux, telling us by the drift of their
fierce flame the one direction of its hot breath.

DR. WYNTER'S NEW WORK,

QUBTLE BRAINS and LISSOM FINGERS :
Being- Some of the Chisel Marks of Our Industrial and
Scientific Progress, may be had at all the Libraries or at any
Booksellers, price O.?.

By the same Author,
CURIOSITIES OF CIVILIZATION. Sixth Editr .011. es.
OUR SOCIAL BEES. Sixth Edition. 6s.

London : Robert Hardwicke, 192, Piccadilly.

Now ready, 620 pp., post Bvo., Third and Cheap Edition,
price 10s. 6d.,
OBSCURE DISEASES of the BRAIN and
MIND.

By FORBES WINSLOW, D.C.L.
Londat : Robert Hardwicke, 192, Piccadilly.

ITERRIVIANN, PRESTIDIGITATEUR.--
PRINCE-i-z'S THEATRE.—HERB HERRMANN'S
Performances, EVERY EVENIN(4, at Eight. In Two
Parts—as given by him in all the principal 'theatres and
Opera Houses of the Continent of Europe and America. The
whole of the Marvellous Illusions entirely new, and invented
by Herr Herrmann. Prices of admission as usual. Doors
opea at half-past 7.
_____---------.

THEATRE ROYAL DRURY - LANE. -
Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton.
_ THIS EVENING, THE DEAL BOATMAN : Messrs. G.
Bellmore. F. Charles; Miss 8.. Leclercq, and Mrs. Edmund
Falconer.
To conclude with the nd original Comedy, by Ed-
mund FaPoner entitled NATURESNA ABOVE ART : A Ro-
mance of the Nursery Messrs.alter Lacy, Addison, Ryder,
Barrett, G. Belmore, :F. charis. Neville ; Miss Charlotte
mjs, Murray. Bliss Leclercq, Mrs. Melville, and
Mrs. Edmund Falconer.
Ten. till Five daily. Prices as usual
Box-office open from
Commence at 7.

Among the numerous maps and charts published
annually for our instruction and guidance, there
is perhaps none which has so strong a claim upon
our notice as the smell and unpretending map
yearly set before us by the National Lifeboat In-
stitution. If it be well that we should be
able to track the steps of discoverers in distant and
unknown lands, to realise the vicissitudes of war
by following the course of a campaign, it is un-
doubtedly also desirable that we should know the
perils lurking round our own familiar shores, that
we should not be ignorant of the spots close to us,
where courage and skill are as nobly shown as even
on a field of battle, where brave men laid down
their lives in the struggle with the elements. Such
information the Wreck Chart freely gives us. It
startles us from our fancied security and boasts of
progress to learn that, so far from diminishing, the
statistics of our naval disasters show a decided in-
crease, not only in number but in ratio; that is to
say, not only the actual amount of shipwrecks has
been greater, which might be owing merely to
increased traffic, but that a larger number were
wrecked in proportion to the voyages made. One
wreck out of every 201 ships was the average,
whereas the chronicles of the year just past show
one wreck for every 147 vessels sailing. During
the twelve months of 1862 no less than 1,827
wrecks and casualties occurred on the shores of the
United Kingdom alone, accompanied unfortunately
by the loss of 690 lives. There is some consolation
attending the last item, seeing that the average of
deaths from these casualties has been 800, and that
consequently the exertions of our lifeboat institu-
tions, and other means, have been rewarded with
increased success. The Wreck Chart plainly tells
us that the experience of the past year is very
unfavourable. It therefore becomes us as a
maritime nation to inquire closely into the matter,
and to ascertain by what means such catastrophes
may be diminished in number, if they cannot be
prevented. The number of vessels which entered
inwards sod cleared outwards from different British
ports last year was 268,462, and it is estimated that
these ships had on board more than a million and
half of men. It is, therefore, only reasonable to
believe that a large number of casualties and dis-
asters must eventually occur under the most
favourable circumstances. It remains to be seen
whether the number that does actually take place
exceeds the inevitable average. In the first place,
it is worthy of note that a large proportion of the
vessels lost were the ordinary coasting colliers,
which are mostly ill-found, ill-manned vessels,
whose owners take very insufficient precautions to
ensure their safety. The ages of some of these
ships would certainly not improve their credit at
an insurance office. A collier sloop, which foun-
dered last December off the east coast with the loss
of all hands, was 71 years of age ! Another, which
went down under very similar circumstances, was
still more venerable, being 99 years old. The want
of good ground tackle and sailing gear, the reckless
and indifferent manner in which these vessels are
sent to sea, is quite enough to account for the fact
that" the destruction of hundreds of them, even in
moderate gales, is now reduced to a matter of cer-
tainty." Nearly 800 out of the 1,800 vessels that
were lost were under 300 tons, a fact that is not
when we remember how numerous are
surprising,th
the vessels
ls
of this class round the coast. We
may hope for some improvement in the fitting out
of these vessels, as many of the large shipowners are
interesting themselves in carrying out the project
brought forward by Mr. LAIRD, of submitting an-
chors and cables to a regular test before a ship can
be insured. Were this plan once fairly carried out
we should hear of fewer wrecks on our coast, and a
better and higLer spirit would be infused into the
trade. That the whole of the wrecks must not be
laid to adverse elements is proved by the fact that
23 vessels were wrecked :In perfectly calm weather ;
28 in light airs; 56 in light breezes; 48 in gentle
breezes; 110 in moderate breezes; 187 in fresh
breezes; 195 in strong breezes; all which grada-
tions are reckoned below the degree of " moderate
gales." Only 321 of the wrecks were under the
command of masters holding certificates of compe-
tency; while, as a proof of the necessity of some
change in the equipment of vessels, 25 of the total
wrecks were lost from defects in the ships or
equipments, while 66 parted their cables or dragged
their anchors. The need of additional harbours of
refuge on some of the more exposed parts of our
coast is forcibly demonstrated by the Wreck Chart
—a fact fully appreciated by Lord RAVENSWORTII,
when, before bringing on a motion on the subject
in the Upper House, he caused a large copy of it
to be suspended in their lordships' library. The
number of vessels lost and damaged by collisions,
which frequently occur in daylight and clear wea-
ther, is so great that we must certainly class a large
proportion of them among the preventible disasters.
We must hope for some change for the better in
this respect from the new regulations just issued
by the Board of Trade. Tho valuable services ren-
dered by the lifeboats and the brave sailors who
man them,have long been recognised by the public,
and additional proof is afforded every year of the
efficacy of its exertions. Within six years life-
boats and life-saving apparatus have been the means
of saving 4,169 lives. During the past year they
rescued besides saving 21 vessels. The
number
305 iv
f 8
rleweas,rds
given by the society for
saving life sine© its formation is 13,220, and
it has exPent—
ipa upwards of £75,000
iianres, It must he lifeboats and their api,
re-
membered, too, that the men whom
it employs
are often true heroes, well deserving of the highest
rewards that can be offered them. As is justly
remarked in the current number of the "Lifeboat
Journal"—.. The relief of a wreck is no mere child's
play : it often occupies hours of hard, dangerous,
and unremitting toil. It is no mere sudden flash
of generosity that is required—no enthusiasm burn t
out as soon as kindled—but that steady, undaunted

THEATRE ROYAL HAYMARKET.-
Open for the Season.
THIS EVENING. and during the Week, to commence at
7, with AN UN LUCKY MORIAL : Mr. William Farren,
Miss M. Barris, &C.
which, at a quarter to 8, the new Comedy of
F AfterEs s ; spy, and counter Spy: characters by Mr.
or,
d Wify,an, Mr. Chippendale, Mr. Howe, Mr. Buckatone •
Alfre
31rs. Powton, Miss L. Angel, and Mrs. Alfred Wigan. '
Concluding with TURNING THE TABLES.
on Monday, Oct. 26, Mr. and Mrs. CHAS. 3IATHEWS
will return to the London stage.

NEW THE ATRE-RO YAL, ADELFHI.
sole Proprietor and Manager. Mr. B. Webster.
THIS EVENING, at 7, THE TRAGEDY QUEEN: Mrs.
t i cling.

At 8, the New Drama of LEAH Miss Bateman, supported
by Mr. Arthur Stirling (his 2d appearance here), Messrs.
R. l'hillips, Billington, Stuart, A. Wood, Eberne, Miss H.
Simms and Mrs. Billington.
To conclude with CATCHING AN HEIRESS : Miss
Woolgar and Mr. A. Wood.

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE,
Manager, Mr. W. IT. Swanborough.

THIS EVENING, WHERE'S YOUR WIFE. Mr. Bel,
ford, Miss Simpson.

- Followed by (65th time) THE MOTTO, "I'M ALL
THERE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier,
Clifton; Mesdames Ada Swanborough, F. Josephs, Maria
Simpson, Wallace, and Jenny White.

To conclude with TURN HIM OUT. Mr. Turner, Mlse
Thorne.

Commence at 7.

TIP HE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,'
33 Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE
can be had Every Evening of
G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT,
No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 411. 59m.—Afternoon, 511. 20m.
To-monnow.-Morning, 511. 40m.—Afternoon, 611. sm.

The Weather—Sun Office, Oct. 2, 1863.

THERMOMETER.
64
This day at Two o'clock

Barometer-29.83.
Wind—South-Westerly ; light, and cloudy.

• •,,,::;10,) - r
-TU
pal
%,44fitirsook. A

LONDON, FRIDAY, OCT. 2, 1863.

Hastened onward pro'oably by a knowledge
of the importance of the tidings of which
she was the bearer, the Canard steamer
Scotia, due at Queenstown on this (Friday)
afternoon, arrived at her destination at cock-
crow this morning, after a passage of eight days
and a half across the Atlantic. The intelligence
brought by the Scotia is certainly, when we come to
look into it, as remarkable, almost we had said as
startling, as any that has for a long while past come
to us from the American seat of war. There were
rumours, it will be remembered, brought to us
at the close of the last mail, to the effect
that General ROSENCRANZ had suffered some severe
discomfiture. But they were only rumours. No
reliable particulars were there accompanying that
statement encauraging any one to believe it. These
vague reports, however, as to some serious disaster
having befallen the Federal force under General
ROSENCRANZ, are now, as it turns out,to the full con-
firmed and justified.:The defeat of General ROSEN-
CRANZ by the Confederate army under General
BRAGG is an event now (pito unmistakeable. The
discomfitted Federals, having been engaged
vigorously by General BRAGG OR two suc-
cessive days, the 19th and 20th ultimo,
near Chickamauga Creek, were compelled, on
the following morning, that of the 21st, to beat
a retreat to Chattanooga. The results of the con-
flict, Which appears, as usual, to have been very
sever°, are these—that General BRAGG has captured
from his antagonist twenty guns and taken five
hundred prisoners, the Federals themselves owning
to a total loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners of
twelve thousand men! The numerical force col-
lected together by General BRAGG before the com-
mencement of this attack upon the position of
the Federals under General ROSENCRANZ cannot
as yet be estimated with anything like accuracy.
It was variously reported at New York on the
morning of the 23d ult., before the departure of the
Scotia on her eastward voyage, to have been an
army of ft om 70,000 to 96,000 men. It is tolerAly
certain, however, already, that before BRAGG'S
he
movement,
had been considerably reinforced by
troops despatched to him from all directions, by
LEE, by YON—
NTSTONE, and by BEAUREGARD. The
meaning of the recent withdrawal of the
corederate Commander-in-Chief upon the Rapi-
dan,
becomes in this way already compre-
hensible. Every one who has watched
the strategy of that master of war since the
commencement, knew
War's great
that there was, in
it," when it "n common parlance, ~sornething be-
camel—
apparent that,
his antagonist MEADa,
instead of advancing against
he had resolvbd upon with-
drawing to a new position siightl-Y to th© rear of
his late headquarters the
line of the
namely, to
Rapidan. One reason d• , • to
lea din k;im
cation of his 20th,
and
plans, the battle of the 19th
this medifi-
at Chickamanga already
Creek, has rendered
apparent. That contest, as we have already noted,
having been preceded by th© transmission of rein-
forcements from LEE'S main army to BRAGG! Other
reinforcements coming up simultaneously and very
opportunely from JOHNSTONE and BEAUREGARD—
enabIing General BRAGG to seize 20 guns and 600
prisoners as trophies of his victory over ROSEN
CRANz—IiOSENCRANZ confirming the truth of that
victory by his retreat upon Chattanooga. " If,"
said MANHATTAN in his very last letter, published
only yesterday, "if LEE should chance to take
Washington, we shall see gold at 200 !" The Con-
federate Commander-in-Chief has not (yet) taken
Washington, is still (for the time being) at his
last chosen quarters on the Rapidan. It is General
BRAGG (only) who has gained a victory over
ROSENCRANZ, not withinsight of Washington, but at
Chickamanga Creek, thence driving the defeated Fe-
derals back to Claattanooga—andyet With the Capital