The Sun.
London, England, 1863-02-13 00:00:00

mulgation of a law. The lsberum veto, by which a
Polish noble might effectually prevent any measure
being carried out which he conceived adverse to the
interests of the State, led to much abuse ; but the
enjoyment of such a prerogative in Central
Europe before the time when Allgna Charta
was signed at Runnymede testifies to the
early instincts of the Polish nation. Geographi-
cally considered, Poland formed the bulwark which
defended Christendom from the inroads of the
Muscovites on the east, and of the Moslems on the
south. The absurd extent to which the Polish
aristocracy pushed their privileges, and the jealousy
which made them prefer an elective to an heredi-
ditary monarchy, doubtless occasioned great evils,
and ultimately made their country an easy prey to
their formidable neighbours. But the liberties
which they enjoyed for centuries under their elec-
tive kings, the high order of education which pre-
eminently distinguished their nation, the services
which they rendered to Western Europe by stem-
ming the torrent of Eastern invasion, all marked
them out for a destiny far different from that which
for now close on a century they have been called
upon to fulfil. It may be no great hardship to treat
a savage as a slave, but to oblige those who have
tasted of the sweets of liberty, whose traditions tell
them of a time when education was fostered, when
the rights of individuals were respected, and when
the nations of Europe vied for the honour of supply-
ing the chief who should preside over their councils
—to compel such a people to live a life of servitude,
to see independent thought crushed, and to witness
every one who dares to raise himself by his talents
or his genius above the level of his fellows torn
away like a noxious weed, and flung to the utter-
most parts of the earth, is to impose a yoke
which it is not possible for human nature to bear.
Success far beyond the expectations of those who
initiated the present insurrection has attended
the efforts of the insurgents; but still the situa-

tion of Poland forbids us to hope that ere they
lay down their arms they will have vindicated
their freedom. It is not with Russia alone, im-
mense and powerful as she is, that the contest
must be waged. Poland was partitioned amongst
three Powers ; but, although the kingdom was
divided, the nationality remains entire. Even
though the natives of Prussian and Austrian Poland
may have but little cause to quarrel with their
masters, they would not witness their compatriots in
the Russian dominions establish their independence
without endeavouring to follow their example. The
insurgents have all the sympathies of their fellow-
countrymen in Prussia and Austria, and may ere

long have their assistance. These two Powers
have, consequently, an interest only less than that
of Russia in crushing the present revolt. They
cannot afford to see an independent Poland, which
would inevitably swallow up those portions which
now acknowleage their rule. Poland is literally
surrounded by enemies, hemmed in on all sides by
those who have the power as well as the will to
oppress her. Austria and Prussia may, and we feel
confident do, condemn the monstrous tyranny
which is practised by Russia, but still they cannot
permit her rule to be overthrown. It is one of the
votitical necessities consequent on the commission
of that great crime, the partition of Poland, that
none of the fragments shall be permitted to become
an independent State. Poland is only nominally
merged in the three great Powers. In the minds
of the Polish nation she still exists in all her origi-
nal integrity. Bat though Russian Poland will
not in all probability establish her independence,
she may possibly place herself in a posit on to
make terms with her rulers. Although but little
faith can be placed in the promises of the Czars,
still it will scarcely be possible for the Russian Go-
vernment to repeat the enormities which have occa-
sioned the present outbreak. If this insurrection
should be crushed by Russia, Europe will have a
right to demand for the Polish nation something
at least remotely approaching to constitutional
government.

COUNTRY MARKETS.

.1.-

MANCHESTER—FEB. 12.
There was an average attendance at this morning's mar-
ket, but the proceedings were of a quiet character. The
finest descriptions of wheat and flour were not obtainable
en lower terms, but inferior sorts ruled in favour of buyers.
Oats and oatmeal were quiet at previous rates. Deans and
Indian corn were steady.

BIRMINGHAM—FEB. 12.
English wheat was sold at 48s to 568 for white, and 40a
to 568 per 36 stone for red, Barley, new malting, 33s to
42s per qr ; grinding, 24s to 28s. Oats, old, 24s to 300
per 30 stone ; Irish, 22s to 255. Beans, 40s to 44s per qr.
Peas, 40s to 48s per 36 stone.

PLYMOUTH-FEB. 10.

____ ...._. .._.
White, 56s to 60s; red, 54s to b6s per qr ; Dantzic, 570
to 58s ; American, Ms to 55s ; ppanish, —s to —s ; Rus-
sian, —5 to —s. Barley at previous rates-34s to 38s per
qr for malting ; grinding, 27s to 288 ; oats, 238 t 0278; and
beans, —s to —8; flour, 38s to 418 Od.

EDINBURGH GRAIN—FEB. 11.
A good supply of farmers' wheat to-day, which met a
slow sale at the prices of this day week.
Wheat on the top lOs Od down. average is 4d down.
Barley on the top 2s Od up average Os 8d down.
Oats on the top is Od up. average Os 4d up.
Beans on the top 6s Od up. average Os 2d dowi.
Total Supply and Sales.
Wheat ... 697 qrs Sold 506 qrs
Barley... 1270 qrs Sold 816 qrs
Oats
Beans 268 cgs Sold 125 qrs
_ __

Flour sells as follows :—Whites, 46s0d ; extras, 438 6d;
superfine, 4Us Od ; fine, 37s 6d.

CORK—FEB. 11.
The following were the quotations this morning :_Red
wheat, 68 dto 9s 6,1; white, 7s 6d to I.ls ld , barley, 68
6,1 t,, 7e 4d ; oats, 5s 6d to Be Od. ; new bere, —8 Od Co
—3 Od.

DERBY SMITHFIELD—FEB 10.
A moderate supply of fat beasts to-day, but quite 0101
to the demand. The number of sheep was about the ave'
rage, and good qualities brought high prices. Fat pigs In
good supply. Calves were scarce.
Beet 6d to 6id 1 Veal . 7id to 8d
Mutton .... 7Act to Bid Pork . . 5d toad
Lamb --d to —d Rough fat, 4s Od per stone.
Hides, 3d to 41d; calf skins, 5d to 6d.

Foreign Mail racket List•

- _ u
MAID D E.
Ar„raita and Mauritius, via t oateailmiepsto.n.
1128;
Jrrehil and Cape- Verde, by British pachet.. ..... . Mar. 6
Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and Si. Helena. Mar. 3.
China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southarupton.Feth 18.
via Marseilles ...Feb 12.
Falkland Islands
Gibraltar, via Southampton
India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Fob. 18.
via Marseilles Feb. 12.
India (Bombay), via Southampton Feb. 10.
via Marseilles Feb. 20.
Portuga1....
Malta, Egypt, and Men, via Southaroptor, .Feb. 10.
via Marseilles . .Feb. 10
Newfoundland ..Feb. 18.

Oporto and Vigo
U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Feb. 12.
by U.S. packet....
by Canadian packet. Feb. 13.
W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe Feb. 10.
Bahamas, via New York Feb. 12.
Mexico ....Feb. 28.
All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru,
1 Feb. 13.
Palifornia. and British Columbia..
__.......