The Sun.
London, England, 1863-12-09 00:00:00

By order.
London, November, 1863.

HEAD OFFICES :
LONDON 58, Threadneedle-street.

4, New Bank Built:
fl
west-end Office B. Waterloo-place,di Pall-mall. Lothbury.
EDINBURGH 6l, Princes-street.

A.D. 1720.
ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE
CORPORATION
(Established by Charter of his Majesty George the First)
FOR SEA, FIRE, LIFE, AND ANNUITIES.
Offices, Royal Exchange, London.
Branch Office, 29, Pall-mall.
OCTAVIUS WIGRAM, Esq., Governor.
GEORGE PEAREES BARCLAY, Esq., Sub-Governor.
Sir Jour; HENRY PELLY, Bart., Deputy-Governor.
DIRECTORS.
Henry Bainbridge, Esq. Wilmot Holland, Esq.
Robert Barclay, Esq. Earl of Leven and Melville.
John Garratt Cattley, Esq. Chas. Jno. Manning, Esq.
lark Currie Close, Esq. Henry Nelson, Esq.
William Davidson, Esq. The Hon. Josceline W. Percy.
Thomas Dent, Es Charles Charles Robinson, Esq.
Alexander Druce, Esq. Samuel Leo Schuster, Esq.
redk. Jos. Edlmann, Esq.. Eric Carrington Smith, Esq.
Riversdale W. Grenfell, Esq. William Soltau, Esq.
Amadeus Heath, Esq. Joseph Somes, Esq., M.P.
nm. Tetlow Hibbert, Esq. William Wallace, Ego.
Jas. Stewart Hodgson, Esq. - Chas. Baring Young, Esq.
Medical Referee, SAMUEL SOLLY, Esq., F.R.S.
r TIRE ad LIFE ASSURANCES may be effected with this
°ll3orationn on advantageous terms.
The Reversionary Bonus on British Life Policies has aye-
'aged nearly 2 per cent. per annum on the sum assured.
Equivalent reductions have been made in the Premiums
aYable by persons who preferred that form of Bonus.
The divisions of Profit take place every Five years.
Litny Sum not exceeding £15,000 may be insured on one
This Corporation affords to the Assured—
Liberal participation in Profits—with exemption from
the liabilities of partnership.
A rate of Bonus equal to the average returns of Mutual
Swleties— *th the guarantee of a large invested Capital
Stok.
ofThe advantages of modern practice,—with the security
D rain Office whose resources have been tested by the ex-
Lenee of nearly a CENTURY AND A HALF.
poIiCSPECIAL NOTICE.
the 31„- „8 On. the participating system, granted on or before
185 ueeember, 18 and in force at th - close of the year
, Will be entitled to share in the next division of profits
ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON.
ROBT. P. STEELE, Secretary.

MISULLIEN'S CONCERTS.
• HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.
vocalist,
TIIE LAST WEEK BUT ONE.
vocalist, Mdlle. VOLPINI.—VioIin, Sh,nor Sivout.
`'-rand Orchestra—Three Military BandA, and full Chorus.
Conductor—M. JULLIEN.
Commence Every Evening at 8.
Admis.4on, One Shilling.
Nrad
take her tue JULLIEN. widow of ihe late M. Jullien, will
IIBENEFIT TIIIS EVENING.

N°. 22,293.

no Not' FORGET YOUR APPOINTMENT.
21, —We Sup at EVANS', Covent-garden, at er Jullien's

Concert.
tirest and most interesting* of Cabbys—Drive Country
Gentlemen to the Rue de Kydney, Covent-garden.

NEW NOVEL by the Author of "GRANDMOTHER'S

MONEY."
On Friday, Dec. 11, in 3 vols.,

WOMAN'S 11,ANSOM.
By F. W. ROBINSON,
Author of "Grandmother's Money," &c.
Hurst and Black ett, 13, Great Mariborough-street.

E
Ii 0 X F O R D,
F, OXFORD STREET, W.
TgI10110,..:S EVENING, will be performed Selections from the
ATA/'",,ng Operas, viz., T EIE SLAVE, and CLARA, the
Dtt:'„.,of MILAN, by Sir
;b Bishop; also, from L FORZA
Ay -uEs llNO—Verdi y the following talented artistes .
a,, Rs es Russell, Townley, Fitz Henry, IN iilmsley, Tyrrell
`n-t Ellison • Messrs. Green, Huish, Kimberley, Stuart, &O.
eer,, Solo% on the Violin by VIOTTI COLLINS. the
eurated English Violinist.
Flute by Drew Dean. Pianoforte, Miss Bryant.
ppm the marvellous instrument, the ORCHESTRAL
—"10, by Herr SAIALKENBA.CII, the Inventor.
Director, Mr. Y. Jonghmans.
wenlnedy by UNSWORTH ("or any oilier man "), Eugene,
Li; 'tandall, T. Critchfield, T. Maclagan, and the marvel-
-8 Gymnast W.
, J. Beaderson.
br,..e RA/A, has been newly Decorated, and is one of the
Beautiful in the Metropolis.
'Pen at half-past 7 o'clock. Admission, area, 6d. ; stalls
41:1dbalcony, ls. ; private boxes, 10s. 6d.

DR. CUMMING'S NEW WORK.
Now ready at all the Booksellers, in 1 vol , 7s. Gd.,
T" DESTINY OF NATIONS,
AS INDICATED IN PROPHECY.

By the Rev. JO UN CUM3IING, D.D.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

0 T I C E.—MEA.DOWLEIGIT, the New
Novel, by the Author of " The Ladies of Bever
Hollow," will be ready on Dec. 16, at all Libraries, in 2 vols.,
post Bvo.
Richard Bentley, New Burling-ton-street.

CHEAP EDITIONS of POPULAR NOVELS.
Each Volume Embellished with Two Illustrations.
EAST LYNNE. By Mrs. WOOD. 6s.
The CHANNINGS. By Mrs. Wool). Os.
MRS. HALIBURTON'S TROUBLES. By Mrs. WOOD. 6s.
The INITIALS. By the Author of "Quits" and "At Odds."
6s.

The LAST of the CAVALIERS. 6s.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

On 15th December will be published,

CAPTAIN SPEKE'S JOURNAL of the
DISCOVERY of the SOURCE of the NILE.

In one volume. octavo, prtQ.Q.2lS.._ .-- -
With Portraits and Map, and numerous Illustrati3ns chiefly
from Drawings by Captain GRANT.
William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.

Thia day, at all Libraries, in 2 vols., price 215.,
FOR BETTER FOR WORSE.
Edited by EDMUND YATES.
London : John Maxwell and Co., 122, Fleet-street.

This day, at all Libraries, in one vol., price 10s. 6d.,
WIJTON SCHOOL DAYS.
ir London : John Maxwell and Co . 122. Fleet-street.

This day, at all Libraries, in two vols., price 2 Is.,
TERRIBLE WOMAN.
I, London: John Maxwell and Co , 122, Fleet-street.

This day, at all Libraries, in two vols., price 215.,
AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN ENGLISH
DETECTIVE.
London : John Maxwell and Co., 122, Fleet-street.

This day, price I s. each,

ADDRESSES.

ACCEPTED
PERFIDY OF CAPTAIN SLYBOOTS.
By GEORGE AUGUSTUS SALA.

London : Ward and Lock, 154, Fleet-street,

This day, Never Before Published, price 2a.,
BEL DEMONIO. A LOVE STORY.
By PAUL FEVAL,

Author of "The Duke's Motto."
London : Ward and Lock, 15S, Fleet-street.

THE TEETH, as Supplied by NATURE and
Preserved by ART.
By M. C. ROGERS, M.R.C.S., Surgeon-Dentist.
London : 18, New Burlington-street, W.

BEAUTIFUL FOR EVER.

MADAME RACHEL ON " FEMALE GRACE AND BEAUTY."
Just published,

ABOOK OF BEAUTY.
By Madame RACHEL.
To be had at 47A, New Bond-street. Price 2s. 6d.

IT THIS SHOULD MEET THE EYE of any
one troubled with Wind in the Stomach, Indigestion, or
Biliousness, take PAGE WOODCOCK'S WIND PILLS.
Their world-wide celebrity proves them of sterling merit.
Of all medicine vendors at is. lid. snd 2s. 9d. ; or free by
post for 14 or 33 stamps from Page D. Woodcock, Chemist,
Lincoln.

MESSRS. BOTT, JACKSON, AND CO.
execute COMMISSIONS on all races throughout the
year. Market price guaranteed. Remittances. London and
Westminster Bank. Post-office Orders payable at Camber-
well-park.
N.B.—Betting on the Waterloo Cup.
Address—Bow and JACKSON, "Man of the World" Wine
Stores, George-street, Camberwell-park, London.

KINAHAN'S LL WHISKY v. COGNAC
BRANDY.
This celebrated Old IRISH WHISKY rivals the finest
FRENCH BRANDY,
It i 4 Pure, Mild, Mellow, Delicious, and very Wholesome.
Sold In Bottle 3, is. Bd., at the Retail Houses in London ; by
the Agents in the principal towns in England ; or wholesale
at

S, GREAT WINDMILL-STREET, W.
Observe the Red Seal, Pink Label, and Cork branded
Kinahan's LL Whisky."

Naval and Military Intelligence.

THE NAVY.
By direction of the Lords of the Admiralty Mr. J. Red-
man, of Chatham dockyard, who has submitted to the Ad-
miralty an improved anti-fouling composition for iron ships,
is to be permitted to make some experiments with his in-

vention on the bottom of one of the iron ships at Chatham.
Her Majesty's screw steam line-of-battle sbipslrresistible,
80 guns, 2,642 tons, 400 horse power, and Goliath, 80 guns,
2,566 tons, 400 horse power, belonging to the 2d division of
the Sheerness Steam Reserve, are ordered to be brought

forward for commission for Coastguard service. The Irre-

sistible is to be ready for the pennant in April, and the Go-

iath in June, 1864.

The Malacca, 17, screw, Capt. G. H. Napier, was paid
out of commission yesterday at Portsmouth. _

PIGS ! PIGS! PIGS!-INDIAN PIG MEAL,
without husks, supplied to the Royal farms, Windsor,
and in every county in England, IGs Od per cwt. ; one cwt.
equal to 11 cwt. bar'ey or any meal. Delivered free in Lon-
don. Established 1858.— THOMAS PEARCE, Manager, 66,
Lant-street, Southwark.

ALGERIAN ONYX MARBLE. Messrs.
HOWELL, JAMES, and CO., respectfully solicit an
in.pection of their Onyx Salon, which contains upwards of
1,00) objects, consisting of Clock., Candelabra, Lamps,Vases,
Jardinieres, Inkstands, Pen-trays, and a variety of smaller
articles of taste, at moderate prices.
This beautiful marble is perfectly translucent, bears a very
fine polish, presents a diversity of pleasing tints, and can be
turned or chiselled into any form necessary for utility or
ornament.-5, 7,9, Regent-street, Pall-mall.

(.111,NAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library,
v n d Dining-room, consisting of a new and eiegant assort-
men t of VA SES, Fi g-ures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks, Ink-
stands, beautiful inlaid Tables, Paper weights, &c., in Italian,
Alabas er, Parian, Marble, Bronze, Derbyshire Spar, &c.
Imported and manufactured by JAMES TENNANT, Mine-
ralogist to her Ilaiesty, 149. Stand, W.C., Lonaon.
Mr. Tennant arranges elementary collections of SHELLS,
MINERALS, ROCKS, and FOSSILS, which will greatly
facilitate the interesting study of MINERALOGY, CON-
CHOLOGY. ind GEOLOGY, at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to 100 guineas
each.

PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GEOLOGY and MINE
RALOGY la given by Mr. TENNANT, at 149, Strand, W.C.

The Steam Reserve Commission have concluded their
labours at Portsmouth, and have left for other ports. With
the practical knowledge of the subject possessed by Admirals

H. Stewart and Grey and their secretary, Mr. Hickman,
there can be no doubt one of the chief recommendations

contained in their report will be to the effect that the
" reserves" of her Majesty's navy in future shall consist
only of such vessels as are complete in all respects for sea,
excepting their crews and ammunition and a portion of
their provisions. Reserves_should be only what theirmaXas-
implies—a reserve force always ready to relieve or
strengthen our fleets at sea. At present the ships forming
the reserves could not be made ready to take the sea

under sir. years, if our dockyard rcsou:ces only were em-
ployed upon them, and many vessels on the lists of the re-
serves can never be made seaworthy under any circum-
stances of time or expense.
The Resistance, 16, iron frigate, Captain Chamberlain,
lying at Spithead, is ordered to complete stores and provi-
sions for sea, and will sail shortly for the Mediterranean.
The Hector, iron frigate, yesterday received her bower
anchors and new running bowsprit alongside Portsmouth
Dockyard. She has now received nearly all her weights
on board, except crew, part of the ammunition, and provi-
sions. She appears very deep in the water, drawing now
23ft. Bin. forward and 25ft. 3in. aft.

PRIZE MEDAL-INTERNATIONAL
EXHIBITION, 1862.
FRANCIS TUCKER & CO., Wax Chandlers, &c., &C.,
To the Queen and the Prince of Wales.
(Established 17.,0.)
The Jurors' Report on Wax and Church Candles, in 1862,
testifies to he excellence of the quality of Messrs. Tuckers'
manufacture.
A disti^,guished Dignitary, in a letter addressed to Francis
Tucker and Co., on the subject of
WAX CANDLES with PLATTED WICKS,

RTRE GHOST CLUB" at the
CANTERBURY HALL—New and Interesting
-Dectral Tableaux.—Mr. C. MORTON is enabled to announce
that, through file medium of Professor Pepper's World of
l'hadows r HOST CLUB" is n•ghtly held at the CAN-
y HALL The object of the Club is not the re-
ropling of the Haunted Houses of London ; but, through
be agency of Phantoms, to present vivid (if transient
Pictures of the drama of real life, both in its serious
and mirthful aspects ; and, by means of spectral tableaux.
10 recall, and still further impress on the mind, some
Of the teachings or pleasantries of the best wrlers. At pre-
Sent, the two orders of Slavery—the Slavery of the South,
and the White" Slavery of a more boastful civilisation,
I:eeelve emphatic illustration ; and these life pictures will be
itPidly replaces by ottu rs. The pages of Shakspere and the
eater Dramatists, of Scott. Hood, Ingoldsby, Dickens, &c., &c.,
In turns, furnish subjects for illustration.
11 the other Musical and Pictorial attractions as usual,
(ithe_lnd modern
Operatic Selections, Sic. ; Comedy by Unsworth
Demosthenes), Eugene, George Hodson, E.
Marshall, and George Hutchenson.

says :
" I have found them fully equal to the recommendation
which you gave them, and can sincerely, in my thin, recom-
mend them to the clergy for the use of the altar."
Finest quality, with Platted Wicks, patented.. 2s. 2d. per lb.
Ordinary quality .. • • .. 2,. Od. per lb.
VEGETABLE CANDLES, with a Mixture of Wax.
Best quality . • .. ls. sd. per lb.
Second quality . Ss. 3d. per lb.
Third quality ls. ld. per lb.
Carriage pad in London on Orders of Five Pounds in value.
FRANCIS TUCKER AND CO.,
8, South Molton-street, Grosvenor-square. Manufactory—
Kensington (Established 1730).
The largest Establishment in England for the Manufacture
of Wax Candles for the use of the Altar.

The 51-inch plate referred to in the Naval Intelligence
column of Me Sun of yesterday as having been pierced by
steel sph€rical shot fired from the Armstrong 100-pounder
smooth bore gun, has been removed from the side of the
Monarch target ship, and landed in the dockyard, thus en•
abling both sides of the plate to be examined, and a correct
estimate formed of the actual damage inflicted. Three shots
were fired at this plate, and each shot in turn penetrated
quite through the plate, and two buried themselves in tha
ship's side, being brought up by beam ends and knees, but
the third, as described in the notice of yesterday, passed
through plate and ship's side into the interior of the ship,
and covered the deck with splinters and fragments of the
ship's side and iron kncts, broken plate, and shot. This shot
struck the place at its right and about four inches from the
edge, and midway between the upper and lower edges. It
cut its way clean in at 9 inches diameter for 21 inches, and
thence it has carried away the back of the plate not only
immediately at the place struck, but for some considerable
distance round it, completely disintegrating that end of the
plate, and driving all the fragments of wood and iron before
it inboard—some portion of it, indeed, making its way out
through the opposite side of the ship. The best made 5f
inch plate that could possibly be manufactured would stand
no chance whatever in resisting such a shot, but would be
pierced like brown paper. The two other shots which buried
themselves with the broken pieces of the plate in the ship's
side, cut their way into the plate in a precisely similar man-
ner for about two and two and a half inches, and then broke
away the remaining three or three and a half inches, split-
ting the iron off in great layers from the plate's back. What
was not entirely broken from the main body stood out in
rough jagged masses at right angles with the main piece,
and projected into the ship's side. One of these jagged
pieces, a portion of the plate's outer lamina, is now standing
out from the back of the plats 21 inches, measuring from

ROYAL ALHAMBRA.-F RAN C O N I'S
GRAND ISIPERIAL CIRQUE Every Evening.

FMNCONI'S GRAND IMPERIAL CIRQUE
—__________
the n
—‘-'YA.L ALHAMB RA Every Evening.

FIRST
RNc(IV)I*NING PERFORMANCE
on
&ITURDA.y next,' ft GRAND IMPERIAL
A- A 0 o'clock.

ARGYLL ROOMS,
Great Windmill-street,
Piccadilly,
at Herthe Concerts given by ;ions. JULLIEN. ,Ry
During
Majesty's Theatre, the BALL, will commence EVE IVENING at NINE O'CLOCK.

The Machinery in the Agricultural Hall.

the part of the plate where the shot first took effect. The
plate was manufactured by the Millwall Ironworks Com •
pany, and was tested on the 29th Oct. last, when it received
a high figure of merit. The steel shots were fired at and
only took effect on the sound parts of the plate, for which
ample space had been left when the plate was tested in the
usual manner by the 68 pounder with cast iron shot, and
the results of which, as a matter of course, were indenta-
tions on the plate's surface, diameter 9 inches, depth
1 8-10ths, with no cracks or further damage, a mere im-
press of the shot on the iron. The Monarch is now having
bolted on her side armour plates from the Atlas Works,
Sheffield ; Parkgate Works, Yorkshire ; and Mersey Works,
Liverpool, for testing in the ordinary way.
The works in connection with the erlargement and ex-

Doors open at o'clock.
Admission, Is.
Manager—M. GRENET.

29, GEORGE-STREET, HANOVER-SQUARE.
THE LONDON ANATOMICAL MUSEUM.
Open daily from 10 till 10. Lectures at 4 and 7
9t',,c,, Imk. Where may be seen the Astecs ; Bushman and
" ; Julia Pastrana and Infant ; Eng and Shang, the
Siamese Twins ; and upwards of 3,000 Models, Natural Pre-
parations, tee. Egyptian Mummies, unwrapped, 4,000 years
old. Admission, One shilling tor Gentlemen only).

BEAUTIFUL WOMEN._Alabaster Powder,
and the Maznetic Rock Dew Water from Sahara. Cir-
Cassian Bloom. Arabian Soaps, and Alabaster Liquid. These
costly and inimitable toilet preparations render the hair,
teeth, and complexion beautiful beyond comparison.—Can be
had only at Madame RACHKUS, 47A, New Bond-street,
'Where she can be consulted' daily. All communications are
strictly confidential.

tension of the existing defences which protect the entrance
to Chatham harbour are being augmented by the construe-

-- ~ ---

The Smithfield Club was purposely originated to
encourage the production of the best heel, mutton,
and pork for our metropolitan appetite; but other
products of agriculture beside its fattened animals
soon craved admittance to the popular show ; and
after G 5 annual fetes, the three great divisions of
husbandry—its tillage, cropping, and animal pro-

TEA.—MOORE BROTHERS respectfully inti-
mate that their New Prospectus is now ready. They
Qspecially recommend their improved Family Tea, reduced,
to 3s. 2d. ; Souchomr reduced to 3s. ed. ; mixed Assam, re-
minced to 3s. Bd. ; and the finest Assam, reduced from 4s. 4d.
to 3s. 11d. per lb.
MOORE BROTHERS, 33, London-bridge, City, E.C.

duce—unite in forming a fine exposition of Eng-
land's agricultural progress. If any people have
reason to bless the Agricultural Flail Company,
they are the exhibitors of implements, and the

visitors who used to cram the uncomfortable galle

TEETH.—Mr. ESK RLL'S INVENTION in
the construction of ARTIFICIAL TEETH has the
following advantages :—A set or teeth, of excellent work-
manship and mechanism, can be made and fitted with the
most perfect accuracy and success, in a few hours, without
pain or extraction of stumps, and to answer all the purposes
of mastication and articulation. They are fitted without
wires or fastenings, and adapt themselves so perfectly to the
gums, that they are quite immoveable, except at the option
of the wearer. Invalids or residents in the country can ad-
just these teeth to many changes of the molath without the
aid of a dentist. They are not so liable to injury, are always
useful, and will last a lifetime. Comfort guaranteed. Trea-
tise explaining Mr. Eskeil's Patent, &c., free for 7 stamps,
Inspection of specimens and consultations iree.-B,Grosvenor-
street, Bond-street, %V ; and at 39, Bennett's-hill, Bir-
mingham.

ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Grav's-inn. road,
in the immediate vicinity of the Great Northern Rail-
Way Terminus, King's-cross.
Patron—Her Most Gracious Maje3ty the QUEEN.
ViCs-Yatron-11 is Royal Highness the Prince of WALE F,ILG
Presi,dent—ffis Grace the Duke of BUCCLEUCH,
Treasurer—Edward Masterman, Esq.
The numerous and urgent appeals of the si lc poor for ad-
Mission compel the Committee to entreat the bounty of the
sfitient and humane, as the medical officers are daily obliged
1) treat as out-patients many d stres-ing cases which. with
!/.I.,pre adequate funds, they would gladly admit into the wards.
..-toe premises of the nospital are capable of containing 500
&
Toed •
vnPle Hospital is not endowed, but Is wholly dependent on
ti:tarY contributions and leg,ades, which are received by
, 6 Treasurer, Edward Masterman, Esq., Nicholas-lane; also
11 Messrs. Coutts and Co. ; Drummond and Co. ; Berries and
; Ransom and Co. ; Prescott, Grote. and Co. ; Smith,
,Te, and Co. ; Glyn and Co. ; Jones Loyd and Co. ; Barclay
_ erend.
ov Co. ; Denison and Co. W lliams, Deacon, and Co. ;
Gurney, and Co. ; Nisbet and Co., Berners-street ;
tlasterman and co. ; I. Barned and Co., Liverpool; and at
he 148Pltal, from 10 till 5.
STANFORD 13. OUTS georetary.

ries of the old Balzer-street Bazaar. In the new

tion of a large fosse, so as to materially strengthen the bat-
teries and bastions of the land defences. The work will ex-
tend from a position of about 1,700 yards from the salient
angle of No, 1 bastion of the line of fortifications facing the
sea, and will be of semi-circular form, its breadth varying
from 100 ft. at the extremities to 4011. at its narrowest limits,
with a mean depth of about 15ft. The ditch will intersect
the Isle of Sheppy, at the entrance to the Medway, in a
westerly direction, terminating at a point of connection with
the Swale, which borders the south-westerly portion of the
island. The contract for the execution of the work has been
taken from the War Department by the firm of Messrs.
Knight and Smith, and the cost of the undertaking will be
about 20,000. At the north-east entrance to the fosse,
from the sea, it is intended to erect a powerful casemated
fort, which will mount a formidable armament, to assist in
the defence of the entrance to the harbour, while its posi-
tion will enable its armament to sweep the channel through
which every description of craft attempting to make the
passage to Chatham must pass. At the other extremity of
the ditch a similar fort will be constructed, which will also
mount an armament of equally heavy calibre. The object
of the latter fort will more especially be to prevent the ves-
sels of light draught of any hostile squadron forcing their
way into the harbour through the narrow and independent
channel of the Swale. In addition to the two large forts at
each end of the moat two land batteries are also to be built,
the guns of which will sweep the entire length of the moat
from the flanks to the centre. They will also serve for ope-
rating against any attack on the land side of the batteries.
The works connected with the excavation of the ditch are
expected to be completed in about 12 months ; the forts and
batteries will then be commenced.

By the death of Admiral of the Red J. Ayseough an Ad-
miral's pension for distinguished and meritorious service
is placed at the disposal of the First Lord of the Admi-
ralty.

Capt. Geo. Giffard, C. 8., is promoted to the rank of rear-
admiral, by the demise of Admiral of the Red John Ays-
cough, and, by the gallant officer's promotion, a captain's
good service pension is placed in the gift of the First Lord
of the Admiralty. The next vacancy among the active list
of flag officers will lead to the promotion of Capt. Sir F.
W, E. Nicholson, C. 8., senior officer and Captain-Superin-
tendent of Woolwich dockyard.
The following appointments were made yesterday at the
Admiralty :—Commander Hon. John Carnegie to the Sala-
mander, commissioned—Lieut. R. H, C. Lawson to the
Edgar—Lieut. Robert A. Edwin to the Salamander—Lieut.
Wm. E. L. Cockell, to the Adventure—Thos, H. Hayman,
master, to the Salamander—T. I. Haran, surgeon, to the
Curagoa—Wm. E. Black, midshipman, to the Marlborough
—James Campbell, assistant paymaster in charge, to the
Implacable--Daniel W. Wise, assistant p.aymaster, to the
Conqueror—Dr. Henry C. Woods, Richard Connor, Cor-
nelius H. Ward, Dr. Thos. D. Brownlow, John M'K. Hol-
lingsworth, and Henry N. M. Sedgwick, assistant surgeons,
to the Victory for Hasler Hospital—Matthew Trevor, Dr.
Alexander M'Donald, Dr. Alexander Goodall, James D,
Smith, and James G. Milne, assistant surgeons, to the
Royal Adelaide, for Plymouth. Hospital.

KE ATING'S PALE NEWFOUNDLAND
COD LIVER OIL. The Finest Imported this Season.

THIS VALUABLE ME BICINE having of late years
come into su, h general use, and being, moreover, so exten-
sively prescribed by the most eminent practitioners both in
town and country, Mr. Keating can with the greatest
confidence recommend this Oil as being perfectly pure, nearly
tasteless, and free from adulteration, having been analysed,
reported on, and recommended by Prof Taylor, rd Guy's and
St Thomas's Hospitals, Dr. Scott. M.D., L.R.C.P., F.L.S.,
Izc., and Or. Edwin Payne, M D., L.R.C.P.,
in the words of the late Dr. Pereira, says that " The b. st Oil
is that which is most devoid of colour, odour, and flavour, cht!-
racteri this will be found to possess, being purely of hepatic
or'gin, a point of great weight with regard to its therapeutic
value.
Sold in Half-pints, Is. 9d. ; Pints. 3s. ; Quarts, ss. 6d. ; and
Five-pint Bottles, 12s. 6d., imperial measure, by THOMAS
KEATING, Chemist 79, St. Paul's Churchyard, London.

NOTHING IMPOSSIBLE.—The greatest and
most useful invention of the day, AGUA AMARELLA.
Messrs. JOHN GOSNELL and CO., 3, King-court, Lombard-
street, London, Perfumers to her Majesty, respectfully offer
to the public this truly marvellous fluid, which gradually
restut es the human hair to its pristine hue—no matter at
what age. The Agua Amarella has none of the properties of
dyes ; ft, on the contrary, is beneficial to the system, and
when the hair is once restored one application per month
will bottles it erfect colour. Price one guinea per bottle, or
In half los. 6d. Testimonials from artistes of the
highest order, and from individuals of undoubted respecta-
bility, have be seen on application. Messrs. John Gosnell
and Co. been appointed Perfumers to her Royal High-
ness the Princess of Wales.

PILLS.—A NEVER FAILING REMEDY.—Pre-
pared scorrs BILIOUS AND LIVER
pared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr.
mit, of _Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who
(•ostiveness
suffer from bilious and liver complaints, indigestion, wind.
spasms, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, &o. For habitual
of te bloo , as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier
d, they are truly excellent ; mild in their tionhandopera-
grateful to the stomach, they create appetite, pro-
mote digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system.
Sold by W. Lambert, 8, King William-street, Charing-cross.
London, and by most druggists, in boxes,ls. lid., and three
times the quantity in one, 2s. 9d. Be sure to ask for Dr.
Scott's Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square
greiten package, with " William Lambert," %waved ou the
1 ItIPP.,

fr

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Tr, 4,0 N 5 :LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVE. NING, DECEMBER 9, 1863.
LI I

building there is ample space for the effective dis-
play of tools, engines, vehicleo, for stands and

stalls, sufficient room above head for the erection
of the banners which bear the names of the exhi-
biting firms; and more than 25,000 paying visitors,
beside a large number of persons with tickets, yes-
terday traversed all parts of the building, down the
broad avenues between the iowis of cattle, and along
the spacious, handsome galleries, with every oppor-
tunity for inspecting all objects of interest.
A. mere list of articles which attract attention
would be of little value; bat a few of the principal
implement stands certainly call for a notice. Steam-
tilling apparatus, for instance, forms a marked feature
in the exhibition. Me. Steeven's balance plough,
with parallel motion for raising one set of shares
..,put.of work whilaAirsithereeimio-beitte lewere+inter

nature, and after a report showing that the club was in a
highly favourable position, financially and in every other
respect, Earl Spencer was unanimously elected president
for the year 1865. The members of the council were then
elected in the place of those who had retired by rotation.
A meetinfs afterwards was held by the Jonas Webb Memo-
ial Committee. Among these present were Lord Walsing-
ham, Lord Berners, Mr lloverman, Mr Dobite, Mr. Strat-
ford, Mr. Thurnell, Mr. R. Leeds, and the hon. secretaries,
Professor Simonds:and Mr Sidney. The Hon. Elliott York
presided. It was reported that the sum of £996 had been
subscribed, that the subscription list should stand open
until after the meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society.
A committee was appointed to report as to the best form of
memorial. .

The sale of prize stock had been as follows :-Class 1,
Devon steers, not exceeding three years old, No. 5, the
winner cf the first prize was sold to Messrs Comfort, of 77,
Farringdon-street ; and No. 2, the winner of the second
prize, was sold to Mr W. Jeffery, Foubert's-place, Regent-
street. In class 2, Devon steers, above three years, the
winner of the first prize, N 0.9, was sold to Mr E, Longman,
283, New North-road,lsnigton ; No. 11, the winner of the.
second prize, was sold to Mr Simon Hyne of Stonehouse,
-Plymouth ; and the winner of the third in this class to Mr
W. Jeffery, of Foubert's-place, Regent-street. In class 3,
Devon heifers, not exceeding three years, the winner of the
second prize, No. 22, was sold to Mr Ratcliff, of Richmond,
and No. 24, the winner of the third prize, to Mr E, Longman,
of New North-road. In class 4, Devon cows above four
years, the winner of the third prize, No. 28, was sold to Mr
Stone, Upper Holloway. In class 6. Hereford steers or oxen
above three years old, No. 43, the winner of the £4O silver
cup, as the best steer oi ox in any of the classes, and also
the winner of the £3O to the exhibitor, had been purchased
by Messrs C. and D. Davis, of the Black Ball Tavern, New
.gattle•Market ; and No. 41,„ the winner of the third prize,
had been purchased by Mr Simkins, of Salisbury-terrace,
Islington. In class 8, Hereford cows above four years, No.
59, the winner of the second prize, had been sold to Mr W.
Butler, of Butcher-row, Banbury. In class 10, short-horned
steers and oxen above three years old, the second prize, No.
85, had been purchased by Messrs W. and R. Thompson,
of Peterborough. In class 12, short-horned cows above four
years, which must have had at least one calf, the winner
of the first prize, No. 110, had been sold to Mr M. Roots,
of Grayford, Kent. In class 13, Sussex steers or oxen,
under three years, the winner of the first prize, No. 118, had
been sold to Mr H. Wheeler, of Dockhead, Bermondsey,
and the winner of the second, No. 119, to Messrs Booker
and Son, of Croydon. In class 14, Sussex steers above three
years, the winner of the first prize, No. 127, had been pur-
chased by Mr D. Mutton, 7, West-street, Brighton, and the
winner of the second to Mr M. Botting, of Preston-street,
Brighton. In class 15, Sussex heifers or cows, the winner
of the first prize had been purchased by Mr. Amose, of
Worthing. In Class 16, Norfolk or Suffolk polled beasts,
the winner of the second prize, N 0.151, had been putchased
by Mr F. Collingwood, Upper .street, Islington. In Class
17, the winner of the second prize, No. 153, had been sold
to Messrs Nolton and Sons, West Smithfield. In Class 18,
the long-horned breed, No. 157, the winner of the first prize
had been sold to Mr S. Weston, of Croydon, In Class 20,
the Scotch horned breed, No. 168, the winner of the first
prize, had been sold to Messrs Petherbridge, of Hastings.
street, Burton-crescent. In Class 21, the winner of the
first prize, No. 171, had been sold to Mr F. Howard, of
Holloway. In Class 22, Scotch polled breed, the winner of
the first prize, No. 175, had been sold to Mr Mann, Surrey-
street, Croydon, and the second prize, No. 173, to Mr Co-
ven, of Bromley, Kent. In class 23, No. 182, the winner
of the first prize, had been purchased by Messrs Walton and
Sons, of West Smithfield. In class 25, Irish breed, the
winner of the first prize, No. 186, had been sold to Mr
Swan, of Cross-street, Blackfriars.road. In class 26, Welsh
breed, the winner of the first prize, No.lBB, had been sold to
Mr Fisher, of Maida-hill. In class 28, cross breeds, No.
192, the winner of the first prize, had been purchased by
Mr Collingwood, of Upper-street, Islington. The winner
of the first prize in class 29, No. 195, had been sold to Mr
Chamberlain, of Exeter; and the winner of the second

the ground between the journeys, is worked by
Messrs. Garrett's stationary engine and windlass on
Messrs. Howard's principle. Messrs. I. and F.
Howard have improved their steam ploughing im-
plement by placing it upon four wheels, by which
the steerage is made easier and the plough steadier.
To their cultivator they also attach ridge-ploughs'
so constructed as to be double-acting, making a
ridge whether travelling backward or forward.
This firm is not only supplying a large home demand
for steam cultivating apparatus, but has sent out
these machines to Germany and France, to Italy,
Spain, and has• lately started two steam ploughs
near Lisbon ; it has other " sets" in India, and is
sending several sets to Egypt. While the Britannia
Works at Bedford are thus tarning out this novel
species of agricultural machine, in addition to the
horse ploughs, harrows, and haymakers, for which
they are famous, the steam plough manufacturing
is still more largely carried on at Leeds. Mr. John
Fowler is very rapidly increasing his home trade,
not only in the heavy land districts, but a:so upon
light soils; and the growth of the foreign demand
for such a comparatively new invention is very sur-
prising. This successful labourer at the steam-
tillage problem now announces that his engines have
broken ground (literally) in New Zealand, at the
Cape of Good Hope, at Melbourne, in Antigua,
Cuba, Barbadoes, Porto Rico, and Demerara, in the
latter country having obtained a public premium of
£1,050 as the most successful introduction of steam
power to the cultivation of the soil, while reports
already come across the Atlantic of greatly increased
yields of sugar from the use of the new machine.
Others of Mr. Fowler's steam ploughs have gone
into Austria and Prussia and into the south of Russia.
In India some of these engines are preparing ground
for cotton, tea, and indigo ; and in Egypt, a large
number of them (costly as they are) have been
despatched and set to work, to cultivate for cotton
and take the place of the cattle destroyed by the
great murrain. Mr. Fowler states that ho is at pre-
sent turning out from his works no fewer than four
engines per week, and that in February the pro-
duction will reach one per day, and these pieces of
machinery, it should be remembered, are worth
£BOO to more than £l,OOO each. Such figures as these
tell of the wonderful progress of our agricultural
machinery, and the revolution that is being effected
in the world•old process of tilling the ground.
The " traction engine," or the farm engine, made
locomotive on common roads, is now largely used
for hauling both heavy steam plough machinery and
thrashing machines from farm to farm ; and it is
probable that much of the present labour of our
teams in harvesting and manuring will ultimately
be acccompliehed by the same engine that already
ploughs and grubs. As an instance of the extent

prize, No 200, to Mr Myrcon, of High- street, Ely. In class
30, the winner of the first prize, No. 206, had been pur-
chased by Mr. Game, of Cannon-street, City. The prize
winner in the extra stock (Devon) had been purchased by
Mr. Bottrell, of Rochester-row, Westminster.
Of sheep, the following sales had been made :-In class
31, No. 249, the pen of sheep, winning the silver cup, as
the best pen of Leicesters, Cotswolds, Lincolna, Kentish, or
any other long-woolled bleed, had been sold to Messrs H.
and J. T. Hall, of the Lower-road, Islington. In class 32,
the winner of the first prize, No. 252, had been sold to Mr
S. West, of Croydon. In class 34, Lincolna, No. 261, the
winners of the first prize, had been purchased by Mr James
Smith, of Huntingdon; and No. 263, the second prizo, by
Mr Cox, Brompton-road. In class 33, South Downs, No.
294, the pen winning the silver cup as the best of one-year
Southdowns, Hampshire, or Wiltshire Downs, had been
sold to Mr F. Collingwood, of Upper-street, Islington ; the
pen winning the second prize, No. 290, to Mr King, Far-
ringdon-street ; and the pen winning the third prize, No.
291, to Mr W. Jeffery, Foubert's-place, Regent-street, In
class 37, No. 302, the first prize winners had been sold to Mr
Marsh, Brixton-road; the second, No. 299, to Mr King,
Farringdon-street ; and the third, No. 300, to Mr Jeffery,
Regent's-street. In class 38, the first
of Foubert's-plane,
prize pen, No. 306, had been purchased by Mr King, Far-
ringdon-street ; the second, No. 309, to Mr Scarlett, South
Audley-street; and the third, No. 308, to Mr Adams,
Hackney. road. In class 39, Hampshire, the first prize pen,
No. 316, had been sold to Mr Bottrell, of Westminster; the
second, No. 318, to Mr Tamworth, of Peterborough; and
the third to Mr. Hooke, Frederick-street, Hampstead-road.
In class 41, Shropshire, No. 330, the pen winning the first
prize had been sold to Mr. Harper, High-street, Totten-
ham ; and the second prize pen, No. 327, to Mr Fisher,
Maids: hill. In class 42, Oxfordshire, the pen winning the
first prize, No. 332, had been sold to Mr G. Pope ; and that
winning the second to Messrs Thompson, Peterborough.
In class 43, Ryland, No. 332, the pen winning the first
prize bad been sold to Mr. J Petherbridge, of Hastings-
street, Burton-crescent; and.that winning the second, No.
340, to Mr Pawsey, Bath. In class 41, mountain breed,
No. 311, the pen winning the first prize had been sold to
Mr Howard, Holloway ; and No 342, that winning the
second, to Mr. Nokes, of Lewisham. In the extra stock the
silver medal winning pen, No. 344, had been sold to Mr
King, of Farringdon-street ; and No. 288, Winning silver
medal, to Mr H. Helier, Dockhead.
The sales of prize pigs had been very rapid. The follow-
ing had been sold up to near the time the exhibition closed
last evening :-Class 47, Essex, 410, first prize, to Mr Wat-
ling, Pimlico ; second, No. 407, to Messrs. Chappell, High-
street, Camden-town; and the third, to Mr. Rogers, West-
minster-bridge-road. In class 48, No. 415, first prize pen
of small pigs, to Wolton and Sons, West Smithfield ; and
the second prize pen, No. 421, to Mr Hooke, of Frederick-
street, Hampstead-road. In class 49, Chilton, No. 424, the
first prize pen, to Mr. Bonny, Camberwell-gate ; the se-
cond, No. 429, to Mr. Garland, East Chelsea ; and the
third, No. 428, to Mr. Glover, Walworth-road. In class
50, the third class pen, No. 432, to Mr W. S. Covell, of
Sydenham.

of our foreign trade in agricultural machinery
Messrs. Clayton and Shuttleworth last year sen.
120 steam engines, with thrashing machines, to their
agency in Vienna, and these are now in use in
Wallachia and Moldavia, and parts of Hungary.
The trade with Russia is stopped by the war, and
the unsettled condition of that country ; but Italy is
purchasing largely, and a great German trade is
springing up. Egypt appears just now to be one of
the best markets for agricultural machines.
Among the portable engines of Messrs. Taxford
and Sons, for steam culture and thrashing, Appold's
centrifugal pump is shown, proved by recent expe-
ments to perform double the duty of the old scoop-
wheel in raising water for drainage or other pur-
poses. Messrs. Tuxford have brought out a new
windlass for steam culture, in which frictional gear-
ing is employed for avoiding breakages of the wire
rope, and the breaks are self-acting.
Messrs. Hornsby show a large collection of en-
gines, drills, ploughs, and their new root pulper,
one of the simplest and best machines out.
Ransomer and Sims have another find stand of
engines, ploughs, mills, and crushers, for various
purposes, and their ingenious revolving corn screen
with adjustable wires.
Of Messrs. Burgess and Key's reapers the most
remarkable is that invented by M'Carmick, for de-
livering the cut corn in sheaf. This machine has
worked most successfully in this country, and it is
affirmed that during the very last harvest upwards
of 3,000 have been sold, 200 of these being in Great
Britain, 300 on the Continent, and 2,500 in America.
Mr. Samuelson has a reaper on a very different prin-
ipPurpose, delivering the corn in
esheleaf buwit for
thme sameanual raking ; this also has been a
successful novelty during the last summer.
Among collections of smaller implements, Mr.
Bentall's chaff cutters, mills, and crushers are note-
as being especially cheap in proportion to
'unoug
efficientlya cs ot
inrsriidnegr aabnlde
pvoa rl
vi eetry.
of the machines for work. Messrs.
The
proprietors of the Beverley
twohfoeirmtchapyplements, their circular harrows, which revolve
as they travel,
machine, now made to take a
Ironworks exhibit their improvement of the origi-
nal Ball's reaping
Ashby and Co.
mshoorew
great breadth of corn at once, and to be propelled
ising th'aecigtyround.
Their stand also distinguished
by three horses,
by very improved harvest Carts and other farm
vehicles, with machine made wheels.
The seedsmen have done themselves credit by
the splendid assortments
of vegetable produce.
Messrs George Gibbs and Co. have a large show of
roots, seeds, and dried cereals. Mr. Carter's stand
is very interesting; Messrs. Sutton and Sons ex-
hibit a grand collection of roots, mangold turnips,
and so on, of extraordinary merit. But the best
show in the hall is that of Messrs. Thomas Gibbs
and Co,, the seedsmen by appointment to theaßoyai
Agricultural Society. The grains and seeds in glass
vases, the samples and dried specimens of corn in
the ear, and of the numerous species of grasses in
flower, and the rare roots, from quite a valuable
botanical study. A new variety of yellow-globe
mangold, selected by Mr. Brandreth Gibbs, is re-
markable for the fine top and root, and beautiful
quality of flesh, combined with a capacity for heavy
cropping• The specimens shown are from a crop
on the Royal Shaw Farm, which gave 55 tons per

acre.
This well-filled department of machinery and
vegetable produce must be pronounced equally suc-
cessful with the autmated portion of the show,and at-
tracts the eager attention 0.f quite as many
visitors.

On Monday morning, two platelayers, named
Nairn and M'lnnes, were run over ity an engine on the
Grangemouth Railway, and cut to pieces.

THE SMITHFIELD CLUB.
The annual meeting of the
Smithfield club was held yes-
terday afternoon, at the Islington Agricultural Hall; Lord
Wt%lsi7ghalii in
the chi' The blteil2oo6 was of a routine

MARRIAGE SETTLEMENTS.—A large proportion
of English marriage settlements are made in obe-
dience to a sentiment which, though intelligible, and far
from unnatural, ought not to be encouraged. Marriage
gives the husband, from the very nature of the case, almost
unlimited power over the wife's happiness, and indeed over
her character and herself, and parents naturally see in their
daughters' lovers men who are about to destroy all the
authority which they have hitherto exercised, to weaken
very greatly some of the closest ties of affection, toput new
elements—elements of which the parents may totally dis-
approve—into the characters which they have educated, and
to a greii;, extent framed, and, over and above that, to exer-
cise a sort of despotism over their persons and property, ex-
cept in so far as the stipulations of a settlement may restrain
them. A man is naturally jealous of all this in the highest
degree, and the marriage settlement is the only channel
through which his jealousy can find an open vent.
lifeeaonn.
his lawyer frame it with the unexpressed and harfdroyutine,
scious conviction—for the lawyer is always
and the father's feelings are excited—thatatmhnel ore taking
precautions against an enemy.
mind he does not waste the money, mind he
Mind he doedsoes
naos pt ercoubl at thee,
daughter discretion
children ; don't leave anything to my daUl7v
seems to me
—she is so infatuated with this
fell7oYher eyes out of her
nothing particular, that she would give
and foot, and get
head if ho asked her;
tie him up
paa possibly can. These,
every farthing out of him that y
are the instructions
not in words, but in tone andde
spirit,attorney who frames their
which men usually give t,oh
forget, or rather they do not
daughter's settlements.
They
yall is said and done the hus-
band will be nearer and dearer to. the wife than the father
care
eomre tfeohr
or mother ; that the presumptiona
iltia is that
thousandhe willimes
°Probability he will know his own
more for her thanth.eyeldi
his hands they are tying hands
her children; that,_t 'inn tying
business best; "13
that would be used for her service in circumstances which
cannot possibly be foreseen, and that if the horse really
requires such elaborate kicking straps and martingales he
had better not be put into harness at all. No conditions
that can be framed can prevent a husband from destroy ino.b
his wife's happiness, debauching her mind, making her
chil-
dren scoundrels and outcasts, ruining their name, their cha-
racter, and their very souls ; and when a man is freely
allowed to do all this without restraint, is it not rather
straining at a gnat while swallowing a camel to prevent his
investing her money except in Government securities,
or on mortgage of freehold estates in England F—Pl/1/".(1
ala,9al;*.

PitlCl4: ..... -..4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

EWSPAPER
- - -
G.
t„ Vki:4)
the end of the day scarcely a rivet kt 44 et*:
)44,cylindrical, round headed 661 b. sh v:
hut effected nothing, and then the rtcj..-4= g_os'
pounder muzzle-loading gun was loadb4lw, L h s
steel shell, charged with 211 b. of powder, and ;armd
with a 121 b. charge. As regarded the targe:., this
effected nothing, though its indent at once showed
by its severity the immense superiority of steel pro-
jectiles against armour plates over the old gray cant
iron shot. The indent made by this shell though
only 21b. heavier than the 6S-pounders, was at least
40 per cent. deeper, and its fr.,gmehts cut into the
mass of iron as if it had been so much wood. When
steel projectiles were first used from the same guns
and with the same charges as common shot, thry,
es a rile, gave on increasid penetration of from 3
to :35 per cent. over the c.st iron. Liter e7.peci-
moots, however, have added even to this high per
esntage of superiority, and looking at the rapid
improvement in the manufacture of the metal used
for these j'projectiles, there seems to be n 3 reason
why we should not look for still higher results.
Sir William Armstrong has sent steel shot to Sh9e-
buryness of such perfect metal that even after
penetrating a 6-inch plate they have been so little
injured that they could with safety have been
used again. One thing is absolutely certain, that
our present cast iron shot will never be able to effect
I much against armour ships.

~.1

Important Experiments at Shoeburyness.
The public has become rather tired of the heading
which precedes this notice, and may be inclined to
ask, with a large number of those who attend at
Shoeburyness, what all these experiments are to end
in ? Month after month targets are built et great
expense, and with the outlay subsequently neces-
sary for their destruction represent a cost to the
country of some £1,500 or 12,000 sterling. Targets
that ought never to have been noticed by the Adteie
ratty have thus been built at the expense of the
nation, and pro\ ed to be not worth the powder ex-
pended in shaking their places to pieces. On the
other hand, targets have been fired at, which, like
that of Mr. Chalmers, have shown themselves to be
not only theoretically, but literally invulnerable
against all that the artillery of Shoeburyness could
accomplish. In the infancy of ironclad ship building
these experiments were of the very last importance,
and results were obtained from them, end still are
obtained, which could be got in no other way. The
experiments, however, have now gone on long
enough to enable the careful and vigilant com-
mittees by whom they are conducted to deduce
certain general rules and principles from the
strength of the various targets they have tried, which
rules must be adhered to if experiments are to be
of any use at all. One of the general principles thus
eliminated from the mass of experiments h
that the thickness of the armourplatesas been
themselves
is a matter of almost secondary- importance when
compared with the construction of the backing
which keeps them up to their work. Thus, Mr.
Chalmers 's target, composed of 3,1-, inch plates
properly backed after his system, withstood a ham-
mering from the guns which no other target of any,
kind had ever borne at Shoeburyness with such im-
punity. This was entirely due to the backing.
The 'Warrior target, composed of 41-inch plates,
backed up with 18 inches of solid teak, laid trans-
versely in beams 9in, thick, in like manner with-
stood a terrific pounding. Yet in this latter instance
the Admiralty were not content to ,let well alone,
but, ignoring the general rules we have spoken of as
deduced from the experiments, they determined in
their new Warriors—the Northumberland, the
Minotaur, and the Agincourt, to reduce the backing
from 18in. to 9in., and to increase the armour from
41in. to Sin. It is said that the probable conse-
quences of their disregarding the experience gained
with so much cost at Shoeburyness were duly
pointed out to their lordships, Bat the Admiralty
were obdurate, and only conceded to facts after their
own fashion. They built their ships first, and then
they experimented to know if they had done right
or wrong. Recently a target built en the principle
of the Minotaur was tried at Shoeburyness, and it
is not using too strong language to say that it
almost crumpled up under fire; Thus, then, when
the Admiralty, for whom all these target experi-
ments tare undertaken, reject the best target which
Shoeburyness can find, and turn a deaf ear to the
great principle which all experiments have evolved,
is it not time to ask with what objects are these ex-
periments continued at ail ? The results which
have been obtained are, of course, of no value but in
so far as they are acted on. When, in addition to
disregarding them, the very reverse of that which
they point out is persisted in, it seems almost use-
less to continue them further.
The target tried yesterday, called the Belle-
rophon target, is one put forward by no less a
person than Mr. Reed, who, if his theories
are right, will revolutionise our whole system
of ironclad frigate building. The Warrior
target weighs about 3351 b. to the square foot,
and it was thought to be venturing es far as
it is safe to go in the new frigates of the
Minotaur and Northumberland class when their
bulk increased to 3171 b. per foot. Yet Mr. Reed's
target weighs no less than 3811 b. per foot, and it is
perhaps the heaviest target ever put for ward at
Shoeburyness which professed to represent the
broadside of a seagoing frigate. The size of the
target is in round numbers 20ft. by 18ft. This is
covered in front by two armour plates, each 20ft. by
4ft. 3in., and no less than 6in, thick. The method
of its construction is briefly as follows :—The inner
skin of the ship is composed of two thicknesses of
wrought iron plates each three quarters of an inch
thick, with a layer of felt between the two thick-
nesses, so that here we get no less than 11in. of iron
to start with. On this skin is laid four large angle
irons of great strength, each placed 2ft, apart from
the other, so as to form as it were four longitudinal
troughs 2ft. wide and 9in. deep, the depth of the
angle irons themselves. In these troughs the teak
balks are laid 10in. thick, so that the extra half inch
can be cut off to a true surface for the reception of
the 6in, armour plates. Thus, then, there are no
less than Thin. of iron and 91 of teak. Each armour
plate is secured by 22 bolts, about 2ft_ apart longi-
tudinally and 2ft. 9in. vertically, those for the upper
plate being 21in. in diameter, and for the lower
23-,in. The bolts securing the wood backing are lin.
diameter, and the ribs supporting the inner skin
are on very much the same principle as those used
in all iron frigates, only apparently stronger, and
placed 2ft. apart.
Such is the general outline of Mr. Reed's target,
in the construction of which, as far as the longi-
tudinal girders are concerned, it will at once be
seen that an idea has been suggested by the target
of Mr. Chalmers. The general opinion before
the practice began yesterday was that it Was
solid enough to resist anything ; but with this
ecfaunilnr
and there
opinion another was very freely expressed by
find
iron shipbuilders present that Mr. Reed would
it difficult to make a vessel so coated an
seagoing frigate without such an am
placement as might be fatal to its speed;efficient
of s
ever, is merely an opinion; for This,
e d how-
ever, we
d-
studied the
that Mr. Reed has long and cal!
whole question which be offers to solve;
are, to say the least, quite asmany shipbuilders
the trial of yesterday,
Great interest was felt in.
who support his theories as oppose. them.
appeared to
interest
and an unusual number of ye:sato:es
pwreinntced:fwpnrfursosinia
London. His Royal Rigby -
Dr. Percy,
was present during the
aasuraduch
artilleryman
St.
George,presen . Admiral Grey, Sir
watch the effect onfgevt
Gen. Hay,
JasohannHay,
G en.
Mr. Fairbairn
Admiral Robinson. and the representatives of the
e
gillwall Iron Works, the builders of the target,
vrerealso present. The guns were laid at the cus-
tomary 200 yards' range, Col. Taylor, as usual,
superintending all the arrangeraents for the firing.
The first rounds were merely routine—a 68 solid
shot, with a 161 b. charge and a 110-pounder Arm-
strong shortened to a weight of 6611 b., fired with
the same charge. Both
and made the usual these struck the upper plate,
a indent of nearly two inches
deep, but effected
nothing more than that which
they always do—that is to say, show the quality of
the irenplates
against which the guns have to con-
tend.va this occasion the iron was literally per-
fect, and throughout the rest of the experiments
the opinion was universal that better plates had
never hEven under the
been tested at Shoeburyness.
heaviest shot, though indented deeply, they showed
scaacely any perceptible symptom of buckling out,
and though struck on the edge and around the
belt-holes, it was almost impossible to crack them.
A salvo of two 68-pounders and two 110-pounder
Armstrongs, with shot shortened to 6611 b. was
next fired, but of these four guns one missed the
target altogether, one touched it so slightly on its
upper edge that, as far as damage was concerned, it
may also be called a miss; the remaining two
struck close together, one on each side of a bolt, so
that the bolt itself was squeezed up like putty, and
projected slightly outwards, but still held firm. Two
shots coming so close were a hard trial for any plate,
but it stood it perfectly, without any sign of crack
or ragged edges. The back of the target was abso-
lutely unhurt, and so perfect was the workmanship
of the whole mass that from the commencement to

Mr. Whitworth's 150-pounder was next tried. In
oogeneous metalllnegll:eodfitisl
firing
m charge from
slight flaw in
' fire
co
lobs
ee:q;itieorn.
Whitworth
sr he
(which is only a hard name for soft steel), weighing
1511 b., with 51b. of powder as a bursting charge.
Much was expected from this formidable shot, but,
unfortunately, it failed—the shell from some myste-
rious cause bursting about 20 yards from the muzzle
of the gun, and sending its fragments in all direc-
tions screaming hoarsely through the air.
The Armstrong rifled gun was then tried with
a spherical cast shot of 1511 b., fired with 351 b. of
powder. This stuck with the rather high velocity
of 1,570 ft. per second, on the edge of the upper
plate, making an indent of sin., breaking one bolt,
slightly bulging the inner skin of the target, and
therefore starting the ribs of the ship itself just
enough to be perceptible. Beyond this, however, it
sseii
en of s
otofoa
effected nothing of importance. The plates still re-
mained as tough and unbending as ever, there was
no
hrga h
crackingof
o theni I l
thethem,sanae g r ground,
sehtvtoeowrayafrsaisv firedte. t,Ato
tf
(0;
plll
astonishment
the same gun with the same charge, and ta is, rather
unfairly for the target,-struck between the slightly
parted edges of the upper and lower plates. It com-
pletely buried itself,
and must have passed through
the entire plate, but strange to say, though two belts
gave Way, all the rivets held
immense mass on ; and, although the
was bedded in the substance of the
ing of on the inner s_
_n eel y any effect worth speak-
kin, which, as far as fighting
purposes areconcerned,remained as good as before it
was fired at. A shot from a ain.
muzzle-loading gun
of the Ordnance Select Committee was fired with a
1201 b. steel of shell loaded with 21b.
powder. This
accomplished absolutely nothing, though
have done a good deal more than it was it
might
intended,
inasmuch as one of its fragments flew back
to the
guns and buried itself 21 feet in the ground, close
to where some of the visitors were standing. A shot
from the rifled 300-pounder (a cast iron projectile),
fired with 351 b. of powder, did very little, in spite
of the weight of the mass hurled against the target.
It made an irregular dent of 31in, deep, and bent
back the upper plate a little mole than 2in., making
the first real crack in the plate at the point we have
mentioned as being where the two shots struck on
the bolt-head. From this spot there was now, for
the first time, seen a perfect crack,,nearly a foot long,
and extending quite through the plate, apparently ;
but this was all. The last shot fired was from Mr.
Whitworth's 150-pounder, loaded with a steel shell
and 51b. of powder. This struck the lower plate,
and, exploding, buried itself deeply ; but thouah it
had evidently penetrated the plates, it had failed to
make any perceptible impression on the inside of
the target itself. Time for a minute insPectini
however, was impossible, for almost on the instant
it was seen that the last and most formidable missile
had failed to injure the backing there was a general
rush from the field to catch the train; for to miss
the last train from Shoeburyness would be like
being left behind oa a desolate island.
The result of the whole day's experiments gave to
the target the most complete victory—a victory
almost as great as that achieved by the target of
Mr. Chalmers. In estimating the relative merits
of the two targets—beyond all doubt the strongest
and best conducted in principle ever experi-
mented on—it must not be forgotten that Mr.
Reed's target is larger by some 40 superficial feet
than Mr. Chalmers's. In thickness of metal
it is 201 b. per square foot heavier, and its cost of
construction £4OO more. To these facts we may add
that Mr. Chalmers's target was assailed with 15
more rounds than were fired at Mr Reed's yesterday,
15 rounds of which were fired with 1301 b. of pow& r
and threw no less than 1,5001 b. weight of metal
against the target of Mr. Chalmers more than were
fired against that of Mr. Reed. One among the
many shots discharged against Mr. Chalmers's in
N ention was a steel 300-pounder, fired with 451 b, of
powder—a test which was never offered to be applied
yesterday. We do not for a moment say that Mr.
Reed's target would not have stood this, but at least
it was not tried. In general it may be •
said, as far
as can be judged from yesterday's 02C •
perunents that
both targets stood almost equally
Well, What now
remains to be proved is Whice
u is lightest and
chapest, and, above all,
of iron best
frigate building. adapted to the purposes