The Sun.
London, England, 1863-12-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 2, 1863.

part in it, though only a small minority believed
that, unassisted, it could ever succeed.
People in England have probably a very faint
idea as to how the Kingdom of Poland is actually
governed at the present moment otherwise than
that it is generally subject to military law. A little
information on the subject may be interesting, if
not important ; for the probabilities are that the
existing system will not last very long, and that
in the end Poland will have to abandon many of her
demands upon Russia and upon Europe, and that
Russia will make some concessions to the Poles.
In the meanwhile the Kingdom of Poland is goo
verned absolutely by General Berg, Lieutenant of
the Emperor and Commander-in-Chief of the forces.
He is assisted, however, by a Council of Adminis-
tration, the members of which are M. Fundurkley,
Controller-General of Finances ; the four directors
of departments (Interior, Finance, Justice, and
Public Instruction), M. Masson, Postmaster-Gene-
ral; General Kierbedz, Chief of Public Works;
and M. Niepokoyczycki, formerly the manager of
the Bank of Poland. The Council of administration
meets under the presidency of General Berg himself.
The members of the elective municipal councils
resigned some months ago; so also did the inde-
pendent members of the Council of State, though
the Council of State, composed as it is now of
official members exclusively, still meets occasionally.
The principal members of the executive are Gen e-
rals Trepoff, Chief of the Gendarmes; Roznoff,
Chief of the Secret Police ; and Lowszyn, Over-
Policemaster. The precise difference between the
functions of these three officials would not be easy
to explain.
The President of the Town, the successor of
Count Sigismund Wielopolski in that office, is Gene-
ral Witkowski, who has to superintend the distri-
bution and collection of local taxes, to direct all that
concerns the supply of water and gas, and so on.
The administration in political matters of what is
called justice is confided to "commissions," of which
there are now some half-dozen cr more; or, rather,
the questioning of prisoners and the drawing up of
reports as to their culpability, are intrusted to these
commissions—the right of passing sentence belong-
ing solely to the Lieutenant. One commission occu-
pies itself with real or supposed discoveries relating
to the National Government ; a second with the exa-
mination of insurgents taken in arms and with all
matters bearing upon the insurrection in the field, a
third with the affiir of the Z imoyski-house, a fourth
with that of the Hotel d 3 ;'Europe, a fifth with the
burning of the Town-hall, and a sixth with the rob-
bery of the Treasury.

A special and unofficial commission was impro-
vised for the preparation of detailed rules on the
subject of ladies' dress. The officers who composed
it are accused of having shown great want of taste
(and even, according to same ladies, of common
sense) in pros2ribing black veils, as if a black veil
constituted mourning, or as if any other sort of veil
could possibly be worn during winter ! For the pre-
sent, by the way, veils are discarded altogether in
Warsaw.

The Military Club is also said to exercise great in-
fluence on the general policy of the Russian Govern-
ment in Poland. That it considered the rule of the
Grand Duke too mild is notorious, and I think I
may add that it regards that of General Berg as not
sufficiently severe. As to the Grand Duke the club
is probably not wrong in one respect, inasmuch as
it the insurrection was to be suppressed at all it
ought to have been suppressed at once, when only
a very small part of the population, and that the
least influential portion, had taken part in it. The
spectacle of Et small nation contending, not with-
out promises of aid, but without assistance, against
an immense empire would have been lost ; but, on
the other hand, Poland would not have been devas-
tated and ruined, and its position under the Russian
Government would not have been made more in-
tolerable than before, without its liberation being
rendered more probable.
There is a special diplomatic department at War-
saw, directed by Count Osten Sacken. Of foreign
representatives nothing need be said, eacopt that
Prussia alone, of all the European Powers, has here,
besides a Consul, two Raiiitaiy commissioners, Col.
Trescbkow and Captain Duvernoy.

in town or country, locked my own doors at night.
They have always been locked by one of the negro
servants, and the key carried out with him that he
might get in early in the morning; and this prac-
tice I have continued uninterruptedly, nor do I
know of any one who have made the slightest
change in their mode of life in these respects. We
can easily imagine your feelings of sympathy for
your friends in this country, and particularly those
of Charleston. There is necessarily much suffering,
but we help one another and make light of all priva-
tions and sufferings we endure, being free. We get
letters from friends in the enemy's country, both our
own people and Lincoln's, and not all the depriva-
tions we suffer would induce us to change places."

ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE,

NORTHERN CIRCUIT.—NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE,
Nov. 30.
(Before Mr. Justice Wightman.)
His lordship sat this morning at the Moot-hall and tried
the county prisoners.
Jacob de Koe, a Dutch sailor, aged 28, was indicted for
cutting and wounding John Donald, at Tynemouth, on the
2d of October last.
Mr. Campbell Foster appeared for the prosecution, and
Mr. Maule, at the request of his lordship, defended the pri-

sonery.
It appeared that the prosecutor, who is a blacksmith, at
midnight on the 2d of October last was proceeding with a
man named Storer upWooden-bridge-lane to North Shields,
the prosecutor being the worse for drink. They saw the
prisoner and another man talking to a girl named Coe. The
prosecutor and his friend thereupon went and talked to the
girl, and the prisoner pushed the prosecutor away. This
led to a wrangle and SCIAI3 bztween the two men, in the
course of which the prosecutor knoclud the prisoner down
and cut his nose. The prisoner, on getting up, was seen
by a witness (who came up in consequence of the cry of
" Police" having been raised by the girl Coe) to draw his
sailor's knife from the sheath and strike the prosecutor a
blow with it on the neck. Storer then cried out, " Donald,
you are stabbed," and the prisoner ran away. The prose-
cutor then found that he had received a wound on the tem-
ple, and also at the back of the neck and in the side, the
wound in the neck being a serious one. The prisoner, on
running away, was stopped by a witness to whom he offered
sixpence and a halfpenny to let him go.
The defence urged was that the prisoner inflicted the
wounds on the prosecutor in his necessary self-defence; or
at any rate, that the wounds, when inflicted, were not done
with the intents charged in the indictment.
His Lordship having summed up,
The jury found the prisoner guilty of unlawful wound-
ing, but strongly recommended him to mercy on the ground
of the provocation he had received.
His Lordship said the case was a peculiar one ; the pri-
soner was a foreigner and was first attacked, and although
not justified by any necessity in using the knife, he had
used it on great provocation and without any premeditation.
The sentence of the Court was that he be imprisoned for
two calendar months.
Peter M'Enaney, aged 22, was indicted for cutting and
wounding Charles Dorley, with intent to do him grievous
bodily harm.
Mr. Campbell Foster prosecuted, the prisoner was not
defended.
It appeared that the prosecutor Dorley was a seaman on
board a ship called the British Empire, which on the 11th
of October last was lying in the Northumberland Dock, at
Hendon, near Shields. The prosecutor and three other sea-
men had been in Shields and were returning to their ship
at night across some fields, when one of them, named
Gallantley, stopped behind for a short time, and was then
heard shouting for help, Tho prosecutor looked back and
ran to his assistance, and then found the prisoner on the
top of Gallatley and apparently trying to rob him. The
prosecutor immediately pulled the prisoner off him by the
collar of his coat, and then found himself attacked by two
men who came up to assist the prisoner. He turned round
to defend himself from the attacks, and immediately re-
ceived a stab in his back behind from the prisoner, which
rendered one side powerless, and he fell on the grass. The
three men then ran away. He was taken to a cabin at the
Northumberland dock and a doctor was sent for, who
found that he had received a dangerous wound in the back,
which subsequently confined him to the infirmary for three
weeks. The prisoner was met by a policeman, who having
heard of the attack on Gallatley, and seeing that the pri-
soner exhibited signs of having been in a scuffle, took him
into custody and to the cabin where Dorley and Gallatley
were, and both immediately identified him.
The jury found him guilty of unlawful wounding, and
His Lordship sentenced him to be imprisoned for 18
calendar months, with hard labour.
Michael M'Cartey, Edward Smith, and John Smith
were indicted for arson.
Edward Smith told John Smith pleaded guilty, Michael
M'Cartey pleaded not guilty.
Mr. Gainsford Bruce appeared for the prosecution.
It appeared that Mr. Brown, a farmer living at Hope
farm, near Berwick, had several ricks of corn in one of his
fields near to a turnpike road passing by the farm. On the
28th September last, about midday, Mr. Brown, who was
engaged on his farm, saw smoke proceeding from one of the
ricks, and at the same time he sa w the three prisoners going
from the ricks towards the turnpike road. Brown ran after
the prisoners, and with the assistance of his sons took them
into custody. The prisoner Michael M'Cartey, when taken
into custody, said that he had done it by accident. He was
lighting his pipe, and threw the match down, and the flame
rose up. It appeared from the evidence that the prisoners
had raised no alarm, and none of them had pipes with them
at the time Mr. Brown came up to them. All the prisoners
were found guilty, and sentenced to seven years' penal
servitude.
A charge of attempted rape concluded the business of
these assizes this afternoon.
The commission day for Durham is Wednesday, and the
Court will sit on Thursday morning.

WESTERN CIRCUIT.—WnwitEsTEn, Dec. 1.
The winter gaol delivery for part of this circuit com-
menced yesterday, when the commission was opened by Mr.
Baron Pigott, who immediately after attended Divine ser-
vice at the Cathedral. This morning at half-past 10 the
learned Judge opened the Cuurt. The following is a sum-
mary of the oll'ences with which the 46 prisoners stand
charged :—Murder, 2 ; cutting and wounding with intent to
murder or do grievous bodily harm, 14; arson, 1; rape, 1;

unnatural offence, 1; highway robbery, 8 ; bigamy, 1;
burgary, 15; assault on children, 2 ; night poaching, 1;
and manslaughter, 1.
➢Zr. Baron Pigott, in charging the grand jury, obs erved
that the calendar did not present any subject for congratu-
lation; but there was a ure which presented itself for
the consideration of everyone with regard to this particular
district, and that was the necessity for finding some amuse-
ment or means of recreation for those who had much time
on their hands unemployed. Almost all the crimes were
of violence, consequent upon the prisoners passing their

time in public-houses. He believed that men who
were driven to publichouses spent their earnings in drink,
and met with bad company, and the immediate consequence
was that they fell to fighting, which ended in cutting and
wounding and the commission of crimes little short of
murder. It was a most serious evil. His lordship then ad-
verted to several of the cases in the calendar, and with re-
gard to the more serious charges he advised the grand jury
to consider well before they found true bills.
Robert Harrison and Alfred Lightfoot were indicted for
assaulting and wounding William Dollery with intent to
prevent the lawful apprehension of Harrison, in the city of
Winchester, on the 10th of Aug. There were other counts.
Lightfoot pleaded guilty.
Mr. Russell appeared for the prosecution.
It appeared that Harrison was a private in the 60th Rifles
stationed in Winchester, and Lightfoot was a recruit. On
the 10th of August, Dollery who was a police-constable
was going his rounds, about 12 o'clock at night, when he
saw Harrison in such a situation as induced him to believe
that he was going to commit a felony, or that he was a de-
serter. He therefore took him by the collar to apprehend
him, when Harrison took a whip from under his coat and
said, " Before you take me into custody you shall have
this." Dollery drew his staff and said, " We will have cut
for cut." They went some distance until they came to
some iron railings, which Harrison caught hold of. Light-
foot came up at the moment and said Dollery should not
take him, and they then tripped up the constable, and
Lightfoot took the staff from him, and they both struck and
kicked Dollery until he was insensible. When he re-
covered both the prisoners were gone, the blood was flow-
ing from his head and blinded him. He crawled along by
the side of the wall until he got into the road, when he met
some one who took him to a surgeon, and it was then
found that he had been very much injured, and he was for
some time in the hospital. The next morning the whip, the
staff, a lantern, and a soldier's cap were found at the spot
where the affray had taken place on the previous night.
There was a large quantity of blood on the ground, and the
railings were splashed with blood. The prisoners were absent
from the barracks all night. When they went in in the
morning Harrison was smothered with blood, and said he
had been fighting. He would have been made a prisoner,
as having been out with a pass.
The jury found Harrison guilty.
The prisoners were then sentenced to be kept in penal

servitude for three years-
Mr. Young moved to quash an indictment preferred at
the session against a boy for the felony of cutting and
wounding, with intent, &c. The bill had been found at the
sessions, but the court not having jurisdiction to try the
case, it was remitted to this court. The learned counsel
urged that the grand jury at the session could not find such
a bill.
Mr. Poulden, for the prosecution, said it was an offence
against the peace, and the magistrate acted under a com-
mission of the peace.
The learned Judge said he would not quash the indict-
ment. He would try it, and leave Mr, Young to his writ of
error, when it might be solemnly argued. But the High
Sheriff had kindly furnished him with a case in point, in
Cos's Criminal Cases, and therefore he was relieved from
all difficulty, and should try the case.

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