The Sun.
London, England, 1863-06-11 00:00:00

LADMORE V. LADMORE.

This was the petition of the wife, praying for a restitu-
tion of conjugal rights, to which the respondent replied,
denying that he had separated from conjugal cohabition
with his wife, and praying for judicial separation. He was
not, however, represented by counsel.
Mr. Searle was counsel for the petitioner.
The petitioner was the daughter of a retired Custom-
house officer, and the respondent was in the employment of
his father, a shipwright and boat-builder in Liverpool. The
evidence of the petitioner was to the effect that the respon-
dent threatened her life with a poker, and turned her out of
his place, She had endeavoured to induce him to resume
cohabitation, but without success.

The learned Judge made a decree of monition to the re.
spondent to take his wife back.

STONE V. STONE AND APPLETON.

Sir C. Cresswell, in the course of the day, said that Mr.
Justice Wightman and Mr. Baron Channel' were of opinion
there should be a rule nisi in this case, and had fixed the
Bth of July to have it argued.

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.

LN THE BANKRUPTCY OF A. C. D. HAWKSLEY.

The bankrupt, Archibald Douglas Campbell Hawksley,
had been in the Life Guards, had been a farmer, a breeder
of race. horses, an extensive better on the turf, and now ap-
plied for his order of discharge, owing about £14,000, and
with assets about £7,000 in the gross, which, after expenses,
will be adequate to a dividend of 7s. in the pound.

It appeared from the evidence that for some years he re-
sided at a place called the Dell, near Staines, the residence
of one Mrs. Horace Pitt—he had there built greenhouses,
hothouses, &c., and had borrowed from the lady £22,000 ;
that in December, 1862, falling in for £20,000 Consols,
which his father left, he paid off the balance of debt due to
Mrs Pitt, which balance was then £17,000 ; and that soon
after he came to this court, but, as has been stated, with a
very considerable estate. His balance-sheet shows the
bankrupt's dealing in horses and betting at races to have
been of a very extensive character, but on his betting, as
well as on horse breeding, farming, and training, he was a
very considerable loser. By betting, in little more than a
year, he boat £1,400, but had on a previous year made
£1,500; he was, however, unable to keep his chin above
water, and voluntarily came to this court, having, with the
exception stated, given up all his property, and making the
fullest and frankest disclosures in his power. He gave his
evidence with the most naive simplicity, and seemed as
ignorant of financial matters as one of his own jockeys.
Mr. Sargood, on behalf of the assignees, urged that an
immediate order of discharge ought not to be granted. The
bankrupt's prospects had been blasted, and all his hopes
now were in a very barren and miserable speculation, "the
turf." A few years ago he was entitled to £20,000 Consols,
and had the enjoyment of the interest, £5OO or £6OO a-year.
That £5OO or £6OO a-year he spent in a few years,the whole
of the principal, nearly £20,000, and had run into debt
£12,000 or £14,000 as well. The creditors were indeed
sufferers, but the great sufferer was the bankrupt himself.
The duty of the Court would be to regard the interests of
public justice in dealing with a case like this. The assets
would amount to about £7,000, for the affairs of the bank
rupt were brought to a crisis in December last. In that
month £20,000 Consols fell within the grasp of the bank-
rupt. He had been for some years occupying a charming
retreat at a place called the Dell with a lady of means, but
into the origin of whose means they were not permitted to
inquire. The ornamental walks and grounds, &c,, were
mane or improved by Mr. Hawksley, by money obtained
from the lady whilst he was residing with her. Those ad-
vances by the lady to the bankrupt were used for their joint
enjoyment, but were from time to time secured in various
ways. Ultimately the sums thus advanced by Mrs. Horace
Pitt to the bankrupt were £5,000 and £17,000, all of which
£22,000 had been paid over to the trustees of the lady. The
whole of the £22,000 had, so far as the bankrupt was con-
cerned, vanished. He did not see that the bankrupt lies
open to the charge of contracting debts without reasonable
expectation of being able to pay them, but the two points
relied on were unjustifiable extravagance in his personal
living and rash and hazardous speculation by betting on the
turf. If betting was not rash and hazardous then he knew
not what was. Mr. Hawksley had not only lived upon his
interest but at the same time had anticipated his capital and
rannot inbeto debt £l4,ooo,the whole dividend upon which would
into the secrets than
7s. in the pound. They could not dive
secrets of domestic life, but it was plain that on a
property which he was jointly enjoying with Mrs, Horace
fewing.ho yearss £1,400 on hot- houses,
green- houses, and
Pitt, he had spent in aalone. Unjustifiable ex-
travagance was mainly the cause of a
position discreditable

to himself, and which had entailed great sacrifices on the
creditors.

Mr. Ernest Reed called the attention of the Commissioner
to the bankrupt's conduct towards Messrs. Godfrey, nursery.
men. Ho had incurred a debt to them of £1,400, and being
unable to pay a balance of £5OO, they gave him ample time
and further credit for two years, believing him to be a man
of honour as well as of means. Instead of paying Messrs.
Godfrey and others, he handed over the bulk of his pro-
perty to Mrs. Pitt, who hadalready got the whole advantage
of the outlay on the property. He had broken his word to
Messrs. Godfrey and Co. ; he said he had promised to pay
Mrs. Pitt, but he had promised to pay Messrs. Godfrey too,
and they ought to have shared equally and fairly.
Mr. Lewis drew attention to the unusually large amount
of assets, which would, but for the expenses, pay a dividend
of nearly 10s. in the pound. Messrs. Godfrey and Co. had
already been paid the bulk of their debt, and the other, and
the principal debtor, was a bill discounter (a creditor for
L 5,000), who knew very well with whom he was dealing.
There was no stain on the bankrupt's honour, and nothing
to disentitle him to his order of discharge.
The Commissioner was of opinion that Messrs. Godfrey
had made out no case, but considering the bankrupt had
been guilty of rash and hazardous speculation, and of un-
justifiable extravagance, the order of discharge must be sus-
pended for 12 months from this date.
Protection was granted.

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT, June 10.

(Before Mr. Commissioner Kerr.)
TRIAL OF THE REV. HR. WYCHERLEY.

The trial of the Rev. Thos. Wycherley was to-day pro-
ceeded with, the same counsel appearing as on Tuesday.
Mary Newton was recalled, and again cross-examined,
when she stated that she had not known the prisoner more
than three days when he asked her for a loan of £l5. She
did not know she was to be a witness in this case until she
was informed by the gaoler who had her in charge. After
the first examination at the police-court, she had told her
lawyer that she had taken a false oath ; but she had further
said that when she was next examined, she would speak
the truth, as she was very sorry for what she had done.
Mary Ann Smith, a former servant of the prosecutrix ;
Mr. Frost, of New Bridge-street, with whom the prisoner
lodged ; and the police-constables by whom he was appre-
hended, were examined , but the facts they deposed to have
already appeared.
This being the whole of the case for the prosecution,
Mr. Oppenheim rose to reply on behalf of the prisoner.
Happily, he said, charges of this kind against persons hold-
ing the prisoner's position were very rare, but when such
charges did occur, people were apt to be led away by their
feelings, and to look upon the prisoners with some degree
of acrimony. He would therefore ask the jury to dismiss
any feeling which might have entered their minds through
reading the public press, and to be wholly guided by their
own judgment and the evidence which had been laid before
them. The learned counsel then proceeded to analyse the
evidence adduced against the prisoner, and contended that
the evidence was insufficient to show that he incited the
girl Newton to steal the notes and then received them
knowing them to have been stolen. The principal witness,
he said, was a convicted felon and an unblushing perjurer,
whose evidence was totally unworthy of credit. He also
urged that, by the law of England, an accomplice's evidence
could not be taken unless very strongly corroborated by
independent witnesses, and on no one point was Newton's
story borne out. After pointing out the contradictory
statements made by her, the learned counsel, in conclu-
sion, said the prisoner was a ruined man, whether they
convicted him or not, and he would leave the case in the
hands of the jury, after calling a witness or two, feeling
sure that they would do their duty, however powerful
might be their feelings.
On behalf of the defence the following witnesses were

James Cook deposed that he was gaoler at the Lambeth
Police-court. He remembered the day on which both
Newton and the prisoner had been locked up in the cells,
and he was quite sure that no conversation had taken place
between them, as Wycherley was locked in a cell in a diffe-
rent passage. _ _

On being cross-examined, this witness admitted that it
might be possible for two persons to hear each other if
they called out very loud; but unless the passage door was
shut he must have heard.

Mr. Palmer Neil, solicitor, who appeared to defend the
prisoner at Lambeth Police-court, when he was first exa-
mined, denied thet he had ever told Newton she had better
not say anything against Mr. Wycherley.
Mary Anne Newton was recalled, but persisted in her
former statement with regard to the conversation which she
alleged had taken place between her and the prisoner and
her and the last witness,

Mr. Orridge then replied upon the whole case, comparing
the prisoner to Stiggins in " Pickwick," and said that, like
him, he went sneaking about the house of the prosecutrix
when no one was near to see him. He would ask the jury
to judge this man by his conduct and the character of his
acquaintances.

his Lordship then proceeded to sum up, commenting
upon the various points as he went along, and telling the
jury that there was quite sufficient evidence, without the
story of the principal witness, to have put the prisoner upmn
his trial, leaving out the question of the felony. Altogether
his lordship stigmatised the conduct of the prisoner as most
disgraceful for any man who pretended to have one spark of
religious feeling whatever.

The jury then retired, and after a quarter of an hour's
absence from court, returned with a verdict of guilty against
the prisoner.

The prisoner heard this verdict with an almost imper-
ceptible quiver of the lip.
Mr. Orridge then stated that he had received a number
of letters from different parts of the country, from which
he learned that the prisoner had been turned out of
several chapels in which he had at times officiated, for bad
conduct.

The prisoner was then asked if he had anything to say
why sentence should not be passed upon him ?
Prisoner : I beg to protest against the statement which
has just been made use of by Mr. Orridge, as to my being
turned out of any chapel or place of worship whatever, and
I sclemnly swear before God that I am innocent of this
charge. I deny that I ever had more than one £5 note, or
that I had anything at all to do with the robbery, and as
I a.n innocent so I hope the sentence passed upon me will
be the heavier.

His lordship then addressed the prisoner, and told him
that he fully concurred with the verdict. He had had a
fair, lengthy, and impartial hearing, and the jury had
unanimously decided that he was guilty. The crime he
had committed was so much the worse from the fact
that he was a man wbo under the garb of sanctity had
wormed himself into Mrs. Levy's household and then
basely robbed her, with the help of the servant. His defence
had been a very able one, so that he had nothing to com-
plain of, but he (the learned judge) should not sentence
him any more heavily for the wish he had expressed. The
sentence of the court was that he be kept in penal servi-
tude for six years.
After the sentence was passed there was considerable
applause in court, but it was speedily suppressed.

HEALTH OF LONDON.

----~--

(From the .Registrar-General's Weekly Return.)

The deaths in London, which were 1,296 in the last week
of May, fell to 1,214 in the week that ended last Saturday.
Ihe mean temperature of the air was about 53 deg. in the
first two weeks of May; in the last week of the month it
was 55.4 deg., and in the week ending 6th June it was
57.2 deg.
The average number of deaths, as derived from the re-
turns of weeks (in 1853-62) nearly corresponding with last
week is, with a correction for increasing population, 1,131
The actual number is therefore in excess of the estimated
number by 82.

The deaths from small-pox were not so numerous last
week as they were in any of the eight previous weeks, dur-
ing which period they were never lower than 60, and in
five instances they rose to 68 or more. Last week the num-
ber was 56.

The 56 deaths from small-pox occurred as follows :-4 in
West distriets ;21 (including Bin the Small-pox Hospital)
in the North districts ; 8 in the Central ; 14 in the East
districts ; and 9 in those on the South side of the river.
There were 4 in the Rectory sub-district of Marylebone.
Scarlatina was fatal in 72 cases, 4 of which were in the
St. John Paddington sub-district, 5 in Islington West, and
4 in St. James Bermondsey.
A widow, aged 60 years, died at No. 3, Mulberry-court,
Shoreditch, on the 19th of May, by " effusion of serum on
the brain, from want of food." _

A surgeon, aged 32 years, died from " an overdose of
chloroform."

Last week the births of 971 boys and 877 girls, in all
1,848 children, were registered in London. In the ten
corresponding weeks of the years 1853-62 the average
number (corrected) was 1,850.
METROPOLITAN WATERS IN MAY, 1863.

The waters supplied to London from the Thames, accord-
ing to the analyses of Dr, Robert Dundas Thomson, F.R.S.,
possessed a remarkable uniformity of composition during
May, the total impurity being
comparatively nearly at the
minimum which it ever attains. For the sake of comparison,
the amount of impurity in a surface well water in St. Mary-
lebone is given, which contained much ammonia, an evi-
dence of its recent admixture with sewage. Such waters,
especially during summer, are most carefully to be avoided.
Total impurity Organic im-
per gallon. purity.
gre. or deg. grs. or deg.
0•0 0.0

Distilled Water
Loch Katrine water, new supply
to Glasgow
b..........
Manchester water supply .....
Castle-street East Well ...
THAMES COMPANIES.
Southwark . 16.16
.......
Chelsea .......... . 1G•24
Grand Junction . ........
West Middlesex •..""""".••' 16.01
Lambeth
OTHER COMPANIES".
132
New River ........ • . 15.14 1.17
East London
rot
Kent
The table is read thus—Loeb Katrine water contains
gallon 2.35 degrees or grains of are
of which 105 degrees or grains are of vegetable or
origin. ITgie,
matter in so
al

3 '33 •680
129.32 6.96

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.—For the first time in the history of the
American war a long narrative of Federal victories
i
has been substantially confirmed. The game, it s
.
true, is by no means played out. The capture of
Vicksburg, which was the object of all these opera-
tions, is not yet accomplished, nor is it at all certain
that the enterprise will not end in disaster to the
forces of the North. Bat it is nevertheless certain
that a Federal General has planned an ingenious
expedition against the Confederate stronghold, and
that be has advanced towards his end by a succes-
sion of victories at one point after another. This
much is now established by the reports of the Con-
federates tt emselves, and to that evidence we can
now add the authority of our own correspondent
in the South for the first chapters of the story.
The operations against Vicksburg have been so
elaborately concerted between the military and
naval commanders, that we may assume the design
to have been of some standing. General Grant and
Admiral Porter must have been patiently completing
their preparations while the attention of all people
was concentrated on the Rappahannock, and their
first ir ovement, indeed, was made at the moment
when Lee was confronting Hooker in the plains
near Fredericksburg. We now see, through the
mists of conjecture and rumour, what the Federal
flotilla was doing on the Mississippi, and why trans-
ports and gunboats were so recklessly pushed by the
batteries of Vicksburg. That city, as everybody
now knows, stands on the left, or eastern, bank of
the Mississippi, just where the river makes a deep
bend. A little above it the Yazoo runs into the
great stream, and a short distance below it the
Big Black River does the same. At the mouth
of the Y-zoo stands Haines Bluff, a posi.
tion fortified by the Confederates ; at the
mouth of the Big Black River were their
batteries of Grand Gulf. Thirty miles or so east of
Vicksburg lies the town of Jackson, the two places
being connected by a railway which enters Vicks-
burg at its rear. All this country was in the
hands of the Confederates. The Big Black River,
running in a south-westerly direction to Grand
Gulf, cuts the Vicksburg and Jackson Railway
about ten or twelve miles from the former city, so

that a force advancing up the stream from its mouth
would find itself in the rear of Vicksburg and on the
line of its communications with a friendly region.
To place himself in this advantageous position was
the object of General Grant in the present expedi-
tion. For this purpose it was arranged that Admiral
Porter, commanding the Federal flotilla on the
Mississippi,should force his gunboats and transports
at any risk past the ViJksburg batteries, and this
was done. The transports were empty, so that the
loss incurred was in vessels only, and when a certain
number had run the gauntlet and survived, troops
were marched across the tongue of land left by the
great river's bend and embarked in them. These
were then carried down to Grand Gulf, at the mouth
of the Big Black River, where Gen. Grant ulti-
mately found himself in command of 40,000 or
50,060 men. The Confederate positions at Grand
Gulf and at Port Gibson in the immediate vicinity
were successfully carried, and then the expedition
advanced up the stream. With an activity which
our Southern correspondent describes as " surpris-
ing," Gen. Grant marched upon Jackson and cap-
tured the town before any successful resistance could
be organised. The Confederate forces in those parts
were divided between two commands. Within

the lines of Vicksburg General Pemberton
had a disposable army of some 15,000 men.
while outside, in the open country, was General
Joseph Johnstone with about 12,000 more, and re-
inforcements at no great distance. Grant's advan-
tage was that he could encounter each of these armies
in detail with a much superior farce, and this advan-

tags he turned to excellent account. As he fell upon
Jackson his numbers were sufficient to keep John-
stone aloof, and though Pemberton marched out to
meet him as he turned upon Vicksburg, and bravely
contested his advance at more than one point, the
Northern General was strong enough to win battle
after battle in short, he succeeded in planting himself
in the rear Of Vicksburg and forthwith commenced his
assault upon this, the weakest, point in the defences
of the city. So far, therefore, the expedition has been
remarkably successful, and it reflects unwonted
lustre on the Federal arms. With a comparatively
small army General Grant has done more to alarm
the Southerners and threaten their most important
positions than ever was done by any of his colleagues
on the Potomac. He has taken his troops through
a difficult country, and in spite of all opposition, to
a point of great advantage, from which he may pos-
sibly secure the mastery of the field. The rest now
depends on the strength of Vicksburg, and the en-
durance of its garrison. The place is beleaguered
by land and water. The Northern gunboats are at
Haines Bluff and at Grand Gulf in possession of the
streams. Others are just above Vicksburg, and others
again just below it, so that the town is bombarded
from the west, while Grant's eager and triumphant
army attacks it from the east. These are strong
odds against the South, but unless the game is won
quickly it will be all lost, for General Johnstone,
who retired northward upon his reinforcements, is
rapidly collecting troops, and he can take Grant in
the rear as soon as he is strong enough to march. It
will be seen, too, that our correspondent's estimate
of the impregnability of Vicksburg coincides ex-
actly with the information hitherto received of the
actual siege. Four times Grant has led his troops
to the assault, and four times he has been repulsed.
If Johnstone falls on his shattered army with a
superior force, the victories of the past month will
have led the Northern General only to destruction.
In any case, however, the expedition has been
creditable to the Northern arms. It was a bold
stroke, and has been boldly delivered. It partook
even of the nature of a surprise, for though the
Southerners were aware that the Big Black River
would lead an enemy, if he did but know it, to the
most vulnerable point of Vicksburg, they did not
anticipate the expedition. It is clear that they
have been alarmed for the safety of the place,
though there is no despondency in the tone of opi-
nion. They thought it might fall, but it is felt even
in New York that little would fall with it. The
event would not insure even the navigation of the
Mississippi, while all this time there is a powerful
Southern army in Virginia which can scarcely now
be kept even nominally in check by the baffled and
broken army of the Potomac. Southern journals

are speculating on an imminent crisis, apart from
all operations on the Mississippi. Gen. Lee is
thought to be threatening Hooker with attack, and
to be concerting with his colleagues an advance on
Washington. It is curious to observe that this
critical contest at Vicksburg has been left to two
insignificant armies. The great armies of the South-
West, under Bragg and Rosencrans respectively,
are confronting each other immovably in Tennes-
see, and though Johnstone will probably summon
succours from all parts, he must double his force be-
fore he obtains even as many men as Hooker left
behind him on the field of Chancellorsville. AV hich-
ever way the siege may end, it will leave the chief
forces of the belligerents absolutely untouched. Even
if Vicksburg should fail, it is by no means certain
that it may not be recaptured by a stronger army
appearing upon the scene. There are vast forces in
these countries while small armies are fighting the
battle, and Vicksburg, if taken, may prove to Gene-
ral Grant little more than convenient sheter. He
is, in fact, in an enemy's country. It was not worth
while to molest him so long as he sate hopelessly
in his infected camp, but he has now plunged into
the midst of his foes, and if he cannot carry the
long beleagured city and appropriate its defences,
he may pay for the opening successes of his expedi-
tion by a disastrous, though not inglorious close.
HERALD.—There is an old story of a naval officer
saying of another naval officer that he was not fit
to carry offal to a bear. Upon being required to
withdraw the insulting remark he did so by ex-
pressing his opinion that the officer in question was
fit to carry offal to a bear. This is precisely the
kind of reparation made by Colonel Caltlaorpe for
his original accusation against Lord Cardigan in the
matter of the Balaklava charge. Colonel Calthorpe's
original statement was that Lord Cardigan, while
leading the first division at that memorable en-
counter, turned short before coming to the batteries,
on account of his horse swerving and taking fright.
On being required to amend this statement, on the
ground that it involved a charge of military failure
not supported by facts, he changed his ground, and
declared that the idea of Lord Cardigan being car-
ried away against his will was doubtless erroneous,
his lordship's excellence as a horseman being un-
questionab e. This remark, put in a pointed way,
and accompanied by a note of admiration to mark
the intended satire, of course made matters worse.
It declared nothing leis than that Lord Cardigan
ran away of his own free will, and amounted to an
obvious impugnment of his lordship's personal
courage. This was too much for any man to bear.
The accusation of cowardice is one which a civilian
cannot endure with honour. But it affects only his
private position. In the case of a military man it
affects cot only his private position, but his public
character—it involves Lot only social degradation,
but his professional ruin. The chastity of honour
required by the military code demands that an officer
shall—like Cmiars wile—be not only pure but un-
suspected. We all know how difficult is compliance
with this demand under the most favourable condi-
tions. And, for this reason, military men should,
of all others, be most chary of casting a slur upon
the character of a brother officer without the most
certain proof of the slur being deserved. But it too
frequently happens that military men are not suffi-
ciently alive to this necessity. Mr. Thackeray
says, somewhere, that if an Irish gentleman is
to be roasted, another Irish gentleman is always
found ready to turn the spit. The remark is un-
just as applied to the Irish nation generally/

whose members certainly support one another
with at least equal enthusiasm. But it will apply,
we
.fear, to a great extent, to military men, who
habitually show to one another less mercy than
civilians show to their class. At military clubs, at
military messes, one of the principal social amuse-
ments appears to be the pulling down of reputations.
A civilian suddenly launched into the society is
astounded to hear how great battles have been won
by nobody in particular, how great honours have
been conferred upon the wrong men, and how great
names are associated with small things! The ensign
mind may perhaps be pardoned for forming rash
conclusions and contributing them to the harmony
of the evening. But the same conduct in senior offi-
cers is less excusable, and more especially when
they put their accusation into print. Of the latter
offence we have seldom heard of a more gross in-
stance than the accusation made by Colonel Cal-
thorpe again Lord Cardigan with regard to the
Balaklava charge. Lerd Cardigan's account of the
manner in which he was cut off from his division
after entering the batteries, and had to fight his
way back as he best could, is as clear as need be. It
is supported by satisfactory testimony, even suppos-
ing the presumption to be justified that his lordship
has a natural turn for untruth, and that he must be
considered guilty until he manages to prove himself
innocent. Such a presumption we do not venture
upon in judging the most atrocious criminals, and
it might be supposed that in a case involving a
question of honour it would be still less applicable.
Colonel Calthorpe was well aware of the explana-
tion Lord Cardigan had to offer. He must have
known how uncertain—to say the least of it—was
the accusation which he made in point of proof. One
would have thought, then, that considering the de-.
limy of the discussion involved, the honour of
the service as represented by one of its most con-
spicuous officers, which might be considered at
stake, besides the possibility of doing an act of indi-
vidual injustice, that Col. Calthorpe would, upon
Lord Cardigan's first representation, have with-
drawn the scandalous charge. Such reparation
would not only have been consistent with
the character of a gentleman, but it may
be considered to have been demanded by
the requirements of the case. But instead of
taking this straightforward course, and owning
his error, Colonel Calthorpe descended to a worse
insinuation, and gave to what might have been con-
sidered an act of public duty the aspect of private
malice. This reparation might have been made in
a graceful and even magnanimous manner at the
time. It has been made at last, for Colonel Cal-
thorpe now withdraws every insinuation affecting
Lord Cardigan's personal courage ; but it has been
made too late, as far as Colonel Caithorpe is con-
cerned. The recantation, as regards both fact and
opinion, has been extorted from that officer not by
appeal to his chivalry and sense of justice, but by
the rough expedient of legal proceedings, and the
apparent imminency of a criminal prosecution. Col.
Calthorpe stands, therefore, in this position : he has
either made a fa'se charge, or he has declared to be
false a charge which was true. The admissions
which he has made through his counsel fully justify
this conclusion, to say nothing of the destruction of
the books containing the offensive matter. It re-
mains for him to clear himself with society as he
best can. With regard to Lord Cardigan's conduct
on that terrible day at Balaklava, no doubt can re-
main in unprejudiced minds. From the first it was
admitted on all hands that to have gone any way
with that brilliant advance required daring of no
common description. And even some slight short-
comings might have been pardoned in the bravest
man upon so thoroughly exceptional an occasion—
in an operation of which it has been said—c'est
magnifique, mais ce n'est pas lu guerre. But there
was no shortcoming upon Lord Cardigan's part.
The fact is established upon evidence as upon hon-
our. It has been admitted by the accuser himself.
An impartial tribunal—nearly the highest in the
land—after carefully weighing the conflicting state-
ments, has decided that Colonel Calthorpe's charge
was "a most serious libel," and it has refused to
sanction criminal proceedings upon a technical
ground, marking, moreover, its geese of the merits
of the case by dismissing the rule without costs.
Nothing could be more clear and patiently impar-
tial than the judgment of the Chief Justice of the
Court of Queen's Bench, and the result was the
complete vinnication of the character of the accused.
He must be a bold man who ever revives the old
Balaklava scandal.

DAILY NEWB.—Moral force occupies so large a
space in the political discussions of our times, is
credited with so much efficiency, and forms so con-
siderable a part of the reliance of statesmen, that it
is exceedingly important to know whatis the nature
of the agent, and what are the conditions under
which it may be expected to succeed. We take im-
mense, tut not excessive pains to prove our new
artillery, and are not satisfied until we have ascer-
tained what strain the guns will bear, what range
they will command, and the, amount of resistance
they will break down and overcome. Moral force is
one of the favourite weapons in the armoury or the
liberal statesmen of modern times; and it is very
desirable that we should know under what circum-
stances it may be depended on to do effectual ser-
vice. No one can have failed to notice that in our
ordinary discussions two very different things alike
receive the name of moral force. The first admiral
who was sent by the Emperor of the French to
Mexico with an imposing squadron was ordered to
approach with his ships and prefer his demands,
" relying entirely on the moral effect of his rank
and mission." Admiral Napier, as once described by
Lord Palmerston, toiling along under the sun dressed
like Robinson Crusoe, and taking a fortress in the
Peninsula by simply delivering a letter, was said to
succeed by moral force. In both these cases, how-
ever, material force was the efficient cause of success.
The careful abstinence from threats which a strong
Government sometimes observes fcr political reasons
makes no difference to the fact. The threat is real,
though tacit, and although more is left to the dis-
cernment and sagacity of the party than when the
menace is expressed. The same kind of in-
fluence is also exercised in different degrees
whenever one Government in any way inten-
tionally gives another Government reason for
believing that a particular course of conduct will
convert it into an enemy. And although our
fathers did not care to give a pretentious designa-
tion to influence of this kind, there is nothing
absolutely incorrect in styling such an appeal to
fear and self-love as a resort to moral force. It
is not in this semi-material sense, however, that
English statesmen are most accustomed to under-
stand either the phrase or the thing. Theirs is a
nobler, because a more generous and far reaching, it
less immediately practical appreciation of moral
force, such as might be expected to be made in a
land of settled liberty, where no station or office is
so high as to exempt its occupant from the influence
of cultivated and freely expressed public opinion.
The theory of our leading politicians is, that of the
various objects which men pursue, there is none
which they more eagerly desire than the good opi-
nion of others. The hatred and contempt of the
public are supposed to be intolerable even to Czars
and Sultans, who feel extremely solicitous about the
opinions even of those by whom it is impossible that
they should ever be in the slightest degree injured
or benefited. We may suppose that it was a con-
victioa of this kind which led Earl Russell, after
observing on a recent occasion that "That which is
taking place in Poland has been carried by quicker
roads of conveyance than were known in former
rimes to all parts of Europe, and the conscience of
Europe has been roused by seeing the religion of a
people trampled under foot, by seeing their nation-
ality despised, by seeing the arbitrary measures dis-
posing of the lives and limbs of the brave youth of
a brave and celebrated nation "—to say, "Depend
upon it that public oninion expressed at the present
time by three of the greatest and most powerful
monarchies of Europe, will be backed and sustained
by ell minor powers, and in every nation where men
can read, think, and feel with regard to the woes of
Poland "—and to invite his fellow Peers to rely,
among other things, " on that public opinion of
Europe which, you may depend upon it, the Empe-
ror of Russia, autocrat as he may be, will not
neglect." There can be no doubt of either the reality
or the strength of public opinion in shaping the
course of the greatest rulers in the world. But
we greatly fear that a misconception of the cir-
cumstances which limit the operation of this force
is misleading many Englishmen just now, and pre
paring great disappointments for our countrymen.
It may be !marked, by the way, that the influence
of the opinion, as such, of a nation so well provided
as ours with the means of speaking its mind, is not
increased by the formal representation of that
opinion to the State to which it is adverse.
Although onlythe Government can pronounce the
national will, it is not the only or even the chief,
and not always the true, expositor of national senti-
ment. If Prince Gortchakoff, after satisfying him-
self as to what the English Government means to
do, still feels any curiosity as to what the English
people think, it is to the debates in Parliament, the
discussions of the press,
and the language of meet-
ings and petitions, and,not to the despatches of the
Foreign Secretary, that he will look for its satisfac-
tion. Now, whatever reason there maybe foortseupof-
posing that the Russian Government takes n
eesriere is
for none
whateverour .
Ewnkgaltiesvh'erfefeolrinigmargeisnpiencgtintgh
that a
Pt
olmanedre there
good opinion forms the ground of its solicitude. If
that Government can be assured of our strict neu-
trality, it will resign itself to do without our moral
approbation for a time. There is no instance on
record of a Government engaged in a conflict which
it regards as one necessary for self-preservation,
giving way before the public opinion of a neighbour.
The people of the free States of America have shown
themselves most anxious for our good opinion, but

London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWS,
of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office, No. 112
Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of
Middlesex,—Thursday, June 11, 1803.

NORWICH UNION FIRE INSURANCE
SOCIETY.
NOTICE. —MIDSUMMER RENEWALS.
3rercan,ile and Dock Insurances at the Reduced Rates.
The business of t' e Company exceeds £70,000,000.
The duty paid to Government for the year 1861 was
83,076, and the amount insured on farming stock,
£10,h:36,7C2.
A bonus of three-fifths of the profi s periodically made to
Parties insuring, who have thus from time to time received
sums amounting in the aggregate to £440,000.
The rates of premium are in no case higher than those
thetherged by the other principal offices making no returns to
ir insurers.
Por pro pectuses apply at the Society's Offices, Surrey-
stre
fria et, Norwich and 6, Crescent, New Bridge-street, Black-
, E.C.

NORTH BRITrSH AND MERCANTILE
INSURANCE COMPANY.

Established ISG9.
Incorporated by Royal Charter and Special Acts of
Parliament.
Accumulated and Invested Funds
Annual Revenue

.£2,199,828
422,401

FIRE DEPARTMENT,

Insuran'es grant.i both at 'Home and in Foreign Countries
en the most liberal terms.

LIFE DEPARTMENT.
Every facllity offe-ed to Insurers.
Ninf ty per Cent. of the Profits divided among the Insurers
on the particip tang p:inciple.
The new Life business 'ran?acted in 1862 as follows :
Am - unt Inured. Premiums.
1,037 £763,334 £13,611 0 0
Forms of Proposal and every Infor:nation will be furnished
on application at the

OFFICES :
LONDON 58, Threadneedle-street.
4, New Bank Buildings. Lothbury.
West-end Office.. S, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall.

N°. 22,138

Now Ready, in post Bvo., 10s. 6d.,
ERE THIRD VOLUME of WASHINGTON
IRVING'S LIFE AND LE TTERS.
It'Pr This is Copyright, d Bookßellers are hereby can-
toned against any intri .gement of such Copyright.
Richard Bentley, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

Now ready, royal Bvo., with Map and 50 Illustrations,
TRAVELS ON HORSEBACK IN MANTCHU
TA RTARY ; beingA Summer's Ride beyond THE
GREAT WALL OF CHINA. By GEORGE FLEMING.
A. more interesting. book of travels has not been published
for some time past than this. A new world has, in fact, been
o ened up by the advt lA:irons spirit of the traveller. The
descriptions given by lir. Fleming of the Great Will, of
onkden, the Manichu capital, and of the habits and occu-
oati,ns of the people, make an exceedingly interesting and
highly instructive book."—Observ, r.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

Now ready at all the Libraries,
A NEW NOVEL, BY' THE REV. J. PYCROFT,
Author of " Twenty Years in the Church,"
DR A GON'S TEETH.
2 vols., post Bvo., cloth boards, price 21s.
L. Booth, 307, Regent-street, W.

TO CHRISTIANS THROUGHOUT THE
WORLD.—An ADDRESS from the CHRISTIANS
of ALL DENOMINATIONS in the CONFEDERATE
STATES of AMERIt;A, signed by ne 4.1 y One Hundred
Ministers of the Gospel, in THE INDEX of June 11.—Pub-
ii.hed every Thursday, at 13, Bouveiie-street, Fleet• street,
E.C. Price 6d.

THE CZAR'S DREAM, by " JOHN DAVIS,"
with Anticipations of Bibury and Stop, bridge, by
" BEACON" (late of Bell's Life); and all the Sporting News
of the Week—see THE SPORTING- GAZETTE (Limited)
of SATURDAY, June 13, the only p per that prophecied
Ma caroni and Lord Clifden first and second for the Derby,
Queen Bertha for the Oaks, and the Ranger for the Grand
Prix de Paris.—Price 3d. ; Stamped, 4d. Office—H. York-
street, Covent-garden; and to be had of all newsagents.

THEATRE ROYAL DRURY-LANE,
JUNE 39, 1P63.
A Grand MELANGE DRAMATIQUE will take place in
AID of the FUNDS for a NATIONAL METROPOLITAN
MONUMENT to SHAKESPEARE, under the immediate
Patronage of their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Prin-
cess of Wales, before wnom 60 eminent artistes will have the
honour of appearing. —Hon. Sec., Mr. Adolphus Francis, 43,
Cumberland-street, Hyde-park

SAWYER'S FAMOUS LONDON DINNER
FOR THIS DAY.
At 2s. 6d. each Person.
SOUPS.
Asparagus (clear).
Mackerel, Maitre d'HoteI.FISH. Fried Fillets of 'Whitings.
ENTREES.
Calf's Liver and Bacon. Sauti of Beef ala Francaise.
JOIN TS.
Roast Beef. Roast Mutton.
SWEETS.
Albert Puddings. Strawberry Tartlets.
Cheese and Salad.
An extensive and carefully selected stock of FRENCH,
RHENISH, DIOSELLE, and other WINES, imported ex-
pressly for the London Dinner.
THE LONDON, 191, FLEET-STREET.

Regent.

11 HE
0 X F OR D,
ts, OXFORD STREET.
Every Evening will be performed Selections from the
following Operas
Verdi's LA
FlotowFOßZ
' .
MARTHADEL DESTINO ; and
s.

Supported by Miss Russell, Miss Townley, &c. ;
Messrs. Albert, Green, Bernardi, Huish, Kimberley, and
W. Evans, with full band and chorus.
Conducted by Mr. Jonghmans.
Drew Dean's Flute Solos
UNSWORTH, the modern Demosthenes.

Eugene, W. Randall, J. Hutchenson, and the matvelkus
ARTHUR and BERTRAND.
" These two Parisian clowns have carried the art of
tumbling to apparently the highest pitch of perfection, and it
is impossible even for the most staid of visitors to avoid
being amused by their original gambols. They elicit shouts
of laughter and applause."—Times, April 7, 1863.

CANTERBURY HALL AND
FINE ARTS GALLERY.
NOTICE.— ENTIRE CHANGE OF ENTERTAINMENT.
This Evening the Marvellous ARTHUR and BERTRAND,
the Two Fren h Clowns.

ARTHUR LLOYD'S burlesque Drama, arranged expressly
for him.
A. B. HOLLINGSWORTH'S new Comicalities, &C,
SAM COLLINS, with new Songs.
UNSWORTH, the celebrated Stump Orator.
EUGENE, and G. HUTCHINSON.

GRAND SELECTIONS from OPERAS, GLEES, and
CANTATAS.

Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Miss Townley ; Mr. Green,
Signor Bunall, and Signor Tivoli.
Conductor, Mr. Jonghmans.
Admission —Ball, 6d. ; stalls and balcony, is.