The Sun.
London, England, 1863-05-20 00:00:00

THERMOMETER.

This morning
This day at Two o'clock 5B

Barometer-30.02.

Wind—N.W. ; light breeze, and cloudy weather.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Tins DAY.—Morning, 3h. 39m.—Afternoon, 3h. 56m.
To-moßßow.-111oraing, 4h. 14m.—Afternoon, 4h. 32m,

~ , ~c, ~ '~~ .~._
. ~~, ~J ~~

LONDON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 20, 1863

The Irish Church Establishment has long been
recognised by millions of thoughtful men in this
country as one of the most flagrant anomalies among
all the institutions of the Three Kingdoms. Dur-
ing years upon years, at uncertain intervals, it has
been discussed and re-discussed, literally usque
ad nauseam, because hitherto quite fruitlessly, both
within and without the walls of Parliament. Time
was—now nearly a whole generation back—when
it was the theme of stormy debate down at West-
minster, a subject of contention so fierce and impe-
tnous that upon the result hung the fate of parties,
the coming in and the going out of Governments, the
incitement to loyalty or to revolt of six
millions of the population. In spite of all
which, the loyalty of those millions—so far
as it could be in any way affected adversely
by that galling and most irritating provocation—
was then maintained, is to this moment maintained
inviolate. Yet all the while that same monstrous
anomaly here alluded to has been continued intact
and uninterruptedly. There has been all this time no
abatement whatever of the evil, no abatement of it
even to an infinitissimal degree, as an anomaly,
since SYDNEY SMITH flouted it with his wit and
DANIEL O'CONNELL denounced it in imperishable
words of eloquence. Notwithstanding every strenu-
ous effort made with a view to its subversion, there
that huge anomaly still survives like an immovable
incubus—there it yet remains by she sheer might
of its vis inerbee.

Again, last evening, in the House of Commons the
old source of so many heartburnings upon either
side of St. George's Channel, was, in a new form,
brought under consideration. Once more, yesterday,
the notoriously invidious and anomalous position of
the Church Establishment in Ireland was—(there is
no other word for it)—reventilated. One is pain-
fully conscious while listening to the renewal of
these discussions in the Imperial Legislature, whi e
turnibg over the report of them this next day with
a weary deliberation—one cannot possibly do other-
wise than feel all the time poignantly con-
vinced that no amelioration is in any way
likely to result from it. Representative after
representative has his favourite panacea, his pet
anodyne, his cherished compromise, to suggest
and to dilate upon : but one after another, we know
full well from a bitter experience, that these pro-
jects will be vaunted by their respective projectors,
only to be rejected more or less peremptorily by the
House. A House, too, certain as fate almost, to be
bored to death by listening to them. Of all this
last night's discussion of the subject-matter in de-
bate, afforded just one of the old stock illustrations.
A Select Committee was moved for, in the first
instance, by the re-ventilator of the old thread-
bare grievance, Mr. DILLwYN. That hon-
ourable gentleman's motion being made simply for
the appointment of a Select Committee that should
be empowered to inquire how far the present dis
tribution of endowments for religious purposes
throughout Ireland might be so amended as most
to conduce to the welfare of all classes of her
MAJESTY'S Irish subjects. Secondly, to search the
journals of the House for any resolutions passed
since the act having reference to the application
of any surplus revenue arising from ecclesiastical
endowments in Ireland. And, finally, to re-
port how far such resolution or resolu-
tions have been subsequently carried into
effect. In reality, altogether, upon the face of it, a
reasonable proposition enough : and one consist-
ently supported, considering the bearing of it, by
Sir JOHN TRELAWNY. Yet, while the motion was
all this beyond any doubt, it was none the less
unlikely to end where it set out : resulting in nothing
more certainly than in a little further waste of
time. Mr. SEYMOUR'S amendment, therefore,
seconded by Mr. NEWDEGATE, followed at once
upon the original motion almost as an inevitable
consequence. That amendment, nevertheless, being
obviously about as likely to prove in every way asine
mThoetiosungfgoreswtihnnicphnitt
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iant
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ne
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forward by the amendment meaning, in point of fact,
nothing more nor less than the substitution for
A Select Committee, of A Royal Commission. A
Royal Commission, as Mr. SEYMOUR put it,
formally appointed and empowered to inquire
into the territorial arrangement of existing bene-
fices ; into the provision of the cure of souls ; into
ofpopulationearencdtionnumofbnerewofp Pe
a
thetan
tsaminueatit each ben
were required ; the districts which it might brreiosdthees-s-
-sirable to serve provisionally by stipendiary curates ;
the incomes of benefices and parts of benefices in
Ireland ; and other subjects enumerated in the ori-
ginal proposition. Certainly a modest prospectus
altogether ! The amendment manifestly propound-
ing a scheme, not for the modification, much less
for the diminution, but rather it would seem for the
still further extension and amplification of an
already gigantic grievance. Hence these proposals
for the erection of new parishes, where required!
For providing certain districts provisionally with
stipendiary curates, supplemented as a class to
the Irish Church Establishment, as it is.

An amendment, in reality, just simply out-

Mr. HENNESSY last night made a few remarks on
Prussia and the Poles, which remarks certainly were
most apropos. The hon. gentleman said that it ap-
peared to him that not onlywas Prussia carrying out
the terms of the convention, but also it was doing so
with undue severity, and acting besides in an ille-
gal manner. He then read from a letter of some
French officers, an extract which proved that a Rus-
sian detachment that had no ammunition retreated
into Poland, and after some days returned well pro-
vided with powder and bills. Mr. HENNESSY said
he should like to know whether this supply
of arms and ammunition to Russian troops
was not a breach of international law,
and if it was not a breach of the terms of
the convention. He then referred specially to a
letter from the Prussian General LEWALD to the
Russian general, MASCLON, which was most con-
clusive evidence. In one passage the Prussian
general went so far as to say that he begged the
R.Assian general would "inform him betimes of
every military expedition on the Prussian frontier,
that he might give the necessary orders according to
circumstances." Further on be says that then
were garrisons of special Prussian detachments,
infantry and cavalry, the officers of those detach
ments were to receive the Russian general's
orders and communicate them to their own general,
Mr. HENNESSY truly observed, after enumerating
these facts, that Prussia was just as much at war
with Poland as Russia was. The hon. gentleman
thus forcibly impressed the necessity of the case
upon Lord PALMERSTON :—" He felt that if Prince
GORTSCIIAKOFF'S despatch was to receive only the
answer which the Secretary of State was said tc
have given it in another place, this country would
get out of the unfortunate and disgraceful condition
in which it now was with regard to this question
in a manner which was neither consonant with the
feelings of the people nor the honour of England.'
Lord PALMERSTON'S reply was most unsatisfactory.
He said he was sorry to say that in 1832 Prussil,
had not acted up to its duty in the war between the
Poles and Russians. He then stated the rules re-
lating to belligerent forces taking refuge in a
neutral territory. He Round up by stating that
he believed Prussia had lately violated no
right of international or neutral duty.
Th.; noble lord quoted a singular precedent to estab-
lish the case referred to by Mr. HENNESSY. He
said, " With regard to furnishing ammunition, we
must always recollect the doctrine laid down by
America during the war with Russia, that neutrals
have the right to furnish warlike stores to either or
both belligerents." This is most extraordinary
reasoning, and it must be remembered that Americs
is not very apt to allow others to practise the doc
trine that she preaches at certain times for her own
convenience. How is it that all the late confusion

have arisen with regard to our vessels carrying
stores (ar being supposed to do so) if the rule is in-
fallibly settled that it is lawful to do so. Another
thing is, why should the Americans be allowed to
settle in this summary and arbitrary question th.
laws of nations that affect the great wars of the
world. These questions are generally arranged ai

a Congress, or at all events they are treated of b

:he great Powers in concert, It is most singular
hat Lord PALMERSTON should cite such an instance

for a precedent; it shows how bad his case was i

that was the best that could be said for its defence.
The fact was the noble lord was determined to de-
fend the actions of the Prussian Government at an 3
cost, and therefore he set to work to find any evi-
dence that could at all bear upon the point at issue,
and make the worse appear the better cause. Mr.
FITZGERALD very properly took up the cudgels
against this extravagant assertion. He
said that the noble lord had laid down a
principle of international law, for which
there was no foundation whatever, no precedent,
and no authority. The noble lord had replied to a
question concerning the supply of ammunition to
Russian troops by saying—" That the doctrine of
the United States, which has since been enforced and
adopted by ourselves, is that it is not a breach of
neutrality for the subjects of a neutral to supply
belligerents with ammunition." The decided tone

of Mr. FITZGERALD evidently startled Lord PAL-

3IERSTON from his previous insousciance, for he said
that he did not understand that Mr. HENNESSY

was positive in his information, and he himself

did not know anything about the matter. This
produced laughter, as a matter of course, but
this style of levity does not suit the subject, and is

not consistent with the vital nature of the interests

raesfteorrtehdetuccieSatubinsdeqiffneernethlycestohmaet
wasremarks
lwasereed made
regard to foreign questions in the House—a charge
which the members of the Cabinet endeavoured to
explain away, but with little or no effect. The fact
is it is found very convenient to take advantage of
Lord RUSSELL being in the other House to shirk 1
all responsibility, and to ayoid answering awkward

questions; or, as in the case of China the other
evening, for no official personage to reply at all in
debate.

It seems there is good ground for anticipating I.
speedy improvement in Lancashire prospects, pro-
vided that the laws of routine can be broken through
and the impediments which, under the head of legal
difficulties, start up in the way of every social
advantage or scheme of public benefit, can be satis-
factorily disposed of. The amount of work waiting
to be done is commensurate with the number of
willing hands waiting to do it; and the work, too,
is not designed to supply imagined wants or neces-
sities manufactured to meet the surplus labour, bui

it consists in a great measure of improvements
which have long been urgently needed, but which
the demand for labour delayed the execution of.
A Manchester correspondent, writing to a contem-
porary, says that in Stockport alone a vast sum of
money might be expended with the greatest advan-
tage in the drainage, which has hitherto been left a
good deal to the chance of its situation, and also in
the formation and completion of streets, which, in
wet weather, are almost impassable for several miles
The towns of Lancashire have grown so simuitane
ously and so rapidly in consequence of their thriving
trade, that all have needed much labour and expendi
ture to adapt them to the requirements of their inha-
bitants, while the very cause of their rapid exten-
sion—the prosperity of the cotton trade—called off alt
hands to other work. Blackburn is said to want
five miles of new streets, while in Wigan no less
than £48,000 are reported to have been already
spent upon sewerage, and in Chorley £l,lOO in
the same manner. Oldham, Rochdale, and other
places need a similar outlay on matters which the
most critical can hardly call superfluities. We can
easily understand how every other undertaking
was lost sight of or thrust aside while every on,-'s
interests, exertions, and profits were concerned in
the whirr of the mighty mills and the develop-
ment of the cotton trade, which just before the
crisis had reached an unparalleled height. It is as
if some man of business were so absorbed in the
management and details of his City counting-house
that he had no leisure to spare for the consideration
of his domestic arrangements : or, in another walk
of life, the case is similar to that of PITT, the great
financier, whose private affairs were always hope-
lessly entangled. Now, however, that enforced
idleness has come upon both" masters and men, and
its blighting effects are to be avoided at all hazards,
what can afford a better opportunity for the comple-
tion of those necessary works which have been
hitherto neglected in the pressure and bustle of their
daily trade ? We cannot doubt that Parliament will

'readily advance the necessary funds on reason
able terms, nor can we suppose that unnec, ssary
difficulties will be put in the way by any reflecting
or conscientious man. The evils of idleness and
enforced pauperism are so great and terrible, the
demoralisation and wretchedness of the whole
county is so draed a calamity, that local jealousies
and legal technicalities should surely not be
allowed to bar the way to better things. "Ic is
calculated," says the gentleman we have already
referred to, " that if 10,000 able-bodied men are
employed, it will at once be the means of taking oft
the rate-books no fewer than 40,000 persons."

Surely such an end as this is worth striving for,
even as a matter of social benefit. The Government
have given no grounds for hoping that they wiAl

come forward in a liberal and patriotic spi.it,
while the local authorities will doubtless strain
every nerve to set the work satisfactorily afloat.
There is no fear of lack of employment if the
necessary funds are forthcoming. Let building
and drainage be first thoroughly set in order, and
before the proposed people's parks and people's
playgrounds are completed we may hope that the
four quarters of the globe will have come to our
rescue, and the Lancashire mills and mill-hands
be once more called into full act ivity.

HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE.

MADEMOISELLE ARTOT.

This young lady, who made such an impression
et our London concerts three years ago, both on
Account of her extraordinary voice und her great
musical accomplishments, and whose appearance on
Our lyric stage was looked forward to with so
much anxiety—made her debug at this house last
evening in the sprightly "Figlia di Regginnento,'
and very speedily and amply fulfilled every expec-
tation she had created. We have never witnessed
a more decided, or more entirely deserved success.
The only abatement of our satisfaction was that it
had not been enjoyed before. When such a host of me.
diocrities have found their way to the London boards,
and within the last few years especially, have come
and gone, and been forgotten, we cannot help
asking why such an artist as Madlle. Artot should
till now have been denied a hearing. We fear,
however, the question is more likely to be asked
than answered. The mysteries that involve man-
agements are too many and too inscrutable to
Field to this any more than they have done to
former curiosities.
Madlle. Artot's voice is a mezzo soprano of un-
usual range and pliancy, combining much of the
extent both of soprano and contralto, but which in
ioint of quality is more distinguished by its ex
pressivenees than richness. Of this organ, the cul-
tivation has been so thorough and so successful
hat its executant ability has few living superiors,
ind, in union with her taste and feeling,
:make her vocalisation perfect. We ex plain
this result in a word waen we say that
Nladile. Artot is a pupil of M Ad. Vierdot—one of
the most consummate artists of her time, and we
Account also for the thorough development of her
other and higher qualities—her keen dramatic sym
oathy and her intensely passionate fervour. Medlie.
Artot's merits as an actress are quite on a level with
ner claims as a singer. She has a striking sense
of character as shown in the perfect naturat-
aess as well as vivacity of her Vivan-
diere rendering its assumption one of the
most charming that has been witnessed on
our stage, whilst in addition her depth of feeling
stamp it with an entirely fresh aspect in all those
opportunities which display Maria's better nature.
We will venture to assert that the "Convien Patin.," in
which she bids adieu to her companions, was never
given on our stage with :such profound and affect-
ing pathos, and the same praise must be bestowed
on the " Quando it D-,-stino," in which she reverts
to the claims of her friends, on their re-encounter
in the second act. At the same time, the buoyant
music that more especially denotes Maria lost
none of its old effect. The "
was given with all characteristic spirit, and
the " Ciascun lo Dice," in which she sings the praise
of the gallant 20th, had such a piquant and striking
variety, that it won a vehement encore. A repeti-
tion was alto demanded of the " Terzetto," in the
second act, in which the humour of Madlle. Artot,
in burlesquing the antique theme of the Maestro
Caffariello with whica her aunt is so en-
chanted, was not more remarkable than the
brilliancy of the embellishment, with which she
propounded her own view of it. In a word, her
success in this character was in every respect
triumphant—the audience marking their deep sense
of it by the animation of her recalls, and the pro-
fusion of their floral offerings. Nevertheless we
are tempted to think that it is other and graver
characters, she is destined to win her true
celebrity, and to her appearance in which the pub-
lic will attach the greetest amount of expectation.
The Tonio of
•`' - Signor Bettini was very pleasing,

- -
if not very impulsive ; and the Sulprizio of Signor
Zucchini one of the very best we have ever
sten. The baud and chorus were admirable. The
house Was well attended.

:0, 1863.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REIJTER'S TELEGRAMS.)
SPAIN.
MADRID, MAY 19,

It is said that the Ministers intend to appoint
new prefects for the provinces.

FRANCE.

PARIS, MAY 19.

La Fiance of this evening says :
"It is asserted that the Greek deputation will
leave Copenhagen on the 25th inst., without wait-
ing for a &finite reply to its tender of the Crown
of Greece."

The same paper announces that M. Baroche is
extremely indisposed.

La France also states that the Emperor received
M. Magne this morning.

PRUSSIA.

BERLIN, MAY 19.
The Committee appointed to draw up an Address
to the Crown has decided upon its form.
The draughts of Herren, Virchow, and Gneist
have been incorporated, with the addition of the
following passage :
" The Ministers have absented themselves from
the debates of the house upon the most trivial pre
text, and have made their appearance dependent
upon a condition calculated only to raise a fresh
point of dispute upon constitutional right."

MARSEILLES, MAY 19.
The Messageries Imperiales steamer Peluso left
this port to-day for Alexandria, with mails for
India and China, 128 passengers, 1,245 packages of
merchandise, and specie value £215,820.