The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-14 00:00:00

THE BAD EARL.

On the 84th of May, 1784, he was raised to the
titles of Baron Lowther, Kendal, and Burgh (the
latter title derived from a place in Cumberland),
Viscount Lonsdale and Lowther, and Earl of Lone-
dale; and on October 10th, 1797, he was created
Baron and Viscount Lowther of Whitehaven, with
a collateral remainder of these titles to the heirs
male of the body of his cousin, the Rev. Sir Wm.
Lowther, of Swillington, Baronet. In 1761
he married a daughter of the celebrated Earl of
Bute, the favourite of George mother, and
died May 24, 1802, without issue. In him the Low-
ther peculiarities culminated in an eccentricity which
almost approached to madness. Of a gloomy and
morose disposition, full of evil tempers and great ideas,
he was known throughout Westmoreland and Cum-
berland as the "Bad Earl." De Quinceyrelates how
he used to drive through small towns in which
every face was grave from dread of his oppressive
temper, and the people of his estates felt his arrival
as those of a guilty town might feel that of an exe-
cutioner. He used to exhibit his contempt for
form by driving about in an old neglected carriage
with untrimmed horses, and allowing droves of
wild horses to thunder about his park. He seldom
went to London, but even there his haughty temper
displayed itself, and he actually left an estate to his
successor as a re ward for standing as second in a duel
no one else would take up. His carriage had been
stopped by an cfficer in command of a party ap-
pointed to keep Piccadilly clear for the atten-
dants on a great levee, and he actually
challenged the officer, who insisted on
doing his duty in spite of the remonstrant's
rank. There was, however, a sentimental side to
the character of this gloomy earl. "He loved with
passionate fervour a fine young woman, of humble
parentage, in a Cumberland farmhouse. Her he
had persuaded to leave her father, and put herself
under his protection. Whilst yet young and beau-
tiful she died; Lord Lonsdale's sorrow was pro-
found—he caused her to ba embalmed, a glass was
placed over her features," and at intervals he paid
visits to " this sad memorial of his former happi-
ness." He resisted the payment of all bills on
principle, nearly ruining the Wordsworths, among
others, and the first task of his successor was to
remedy the many acts of injustice of which his
cousin's half-lunatic, half-imperial mind—the man
offered to give and maintain a seventy-four for a war
which he disapproved—had induced him to commit.
The memoirs of his day are full of the strange acts
of the Bad Earl.—The Spectator's paper on " The
Lowthers."

AMERICA.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

QUEENSTOWN, Aug. 13.

The Great Eastern arrived here at 6 a.m. Rle
embarked passengers and the latest telegrams and
proceeded for New York at 2.30 p.m. all well,
Weather fine.

The West India, Central America, and

Pacific Mails,

SOUTHAMPTON, AUG. 13.

The Royal Mail steamship Seine, with the above
mails, has arrived here. She brings 115 passen-
gers, 1,168,560 dole. in specie, and a cargo of 2,000
packages.

The hostilities between the States of Guatemala
and Nicaragua, on one side, and Salvador and Hon-
duras, on the other, were approaching a conclusion,
through the success of the former States.
General Carrera, President of Guatemala, at last
accounts, had possession of Santa Anna and Son-
sonate, chief towns of Salvador.

The overthrow of President Burros, of Salvador,
is also announced.

Chili and Bolivia were preparing to fight for
possession of the Megillones rocks and the Ataca-
nia desert.

Trade in Chili was quiet.
The news from the West Indian Islands is unim-
portant.

Bank of England Return—Yesterday.

An Account, pursuant to. the Act 7th and Bth Victoria,
cap. 32, for the week ending on Wednesday, the 12th day
of Augubt, 163

ISSUE DEPARTMENT.
'Antes issued .......£28,824,020 Government Debt L 11,015 ICO
Other Securities .. 3.634'.1fr00
6 old Coin St Bullion 14,1749'4
`Silver Bullion .... ___.'
---
X 28,824,920

£28,824,920

33A141HENG DEPARTMENT.
eroprietors' Capi- Government Scen-
tal £14.553,0001 rides (including
Rest
Public Deposits (in- nutty) £11,0F8,426
eluding Exche- Other Securities 17,172,407
I quer, Savings' Notes
Banks, Commis- Gold and Silver 1:355,803
missioners of Na- Coln
tional Debt, and
Dividend Ac-
counts) 5,574,863
Other Deposits 13,578,338
Seven Day and
other Bills 676,083

August 13,1863.

£37,990,537
M. :

X 37.990,637
.RSHALL, Chief Cashier.

SHIPPING—This Day.

LONDON Aug. 14.—Wind at Noon, S.-E.; moderate)
and very fine.
(BY MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.)
GRAVESEND, Friday Morning.
Arrived—Flora, from Odense; Viard, from Sundswall;
Providence. from Dram • Albion, from ,Gefle ; Fumf
broders from Carolinstiel ; Coquette, from Riga.

steamer, for Bilboa ; Sir Robert Peel,
steamer, for Dunkirk.

DEAL, Friday Morning.

Passed—John Bull, for Quebec : Lamonella, for Ben.
muda ; Medusa, for East Loudon; Norma, screw steamer,
for Genoa—all from London.

Anchored—Vriendship, Dutch barque, from West, for
East.

EXTRAORDINARY SCENE AT THE NESS SALMON
FISHINGS.—The Inverness Courier recores a strange

scene which occurred a few days ago at the Ness salmon
fisheries :—" Literally hundreds of fish came surging up in
shoals, and wriggled with difficulty over the fords. Troops
of excited boys lunged after them through the shallows,
pelting them, driving them back, and causing dire
consternation among the poor fish. On the ford below
Holm Mills a monster salmon showed himself leading

up a great shoal of lesser fish. His dimensions as he
splashed about in the shallow water, turning on his

deep silvery side to lessen the difficulty of findik.g water,
could not escape notice, and two or three lads rushed into
the water to give chase. The monarch tried hard to effect
the ascent, and his scaly followers for a moment re-

mained quiet to watch the result. But the enemy was too

active and too formidable—he turned tail and floundered

away down the stream, never halting until he found him-

self safe in Macintyre's Pool. His flock was scattered,
some rushing to the right and some to the left, the
greater part finding their way upwards, but many re-
turning to the safe haven which they had so recently
left. The strange fact is that all this time the river

had not undergone the slightest change. It was lower and
clearer than it has been almost in the memory of man; not
a drop of rain had fallen for weeks. But a change was im-
pending, and we presume that the salmon knew it. Within

4 hours thunder showers were pouring down torrents on
hills of Glengarry and Lochness, and no doubt the fish were

impatient for the slightest hint or premonition that up
stream there would shortly be water enough to cevu their

nakedness."

THE DEAD ALIVE.—The ligaro-Programme re-
lates that M. Clair-Benie, who formerly played the

part of the Monstre at the Ambigu. and who has been
of late residing at AsniZ;res, fell ill last week, and to all ap-
pearance died, a fact which was legally attested with all

the due form. The day of the interment arrived, and when

the pergolas who placed the corpse in the coffin were about
to perform that duty, they were astonished to hear a deep
sigh proceed from the body, followed by the words —" Ah
mon Dieu I" M. Clair-Beni6.had awakened from a lethargy,

and is now getting better.
DUBLIN BAY AND THE CHANNEL FLEET.—AU
Irish correspondent sends us the following :—lt
would be only fair that the fleet which was anchored seve-
ral days in the roadstead of the Forth, giving such enjoy-
ment to the Scotch metropolis and Leith, should visit Dub-
lin Bay and Kingston, the artificial harbour being able to

hold all except the Warrior and Black Prince, which could

safely anchor in the Bay. Surely the Irish and the Irish
metropolis are deserving of the same courtesy from the

Admiralty. The fleet should visit Berry, Beltest, Dublin,
and Cork.

DIABOLICAL ATTEMPT TO UPSET A RAILWAY
TRAIN.—On Tuesday night last a diabolical attempt
was made to upset a passenger train on the North Kent
Railway, between the Woolwich Dockyard and Royal
Arsenal Stations. It appears that the passenger train
leaving London-bridse Station at 10 p.m. proceeded as
usual until its arrival at a spot about midway between
the two Woolwich stations and the rear of the houses in
Puwis-street. A severe shock was here felt, end the con-
cussion was so great that in several cases crockery ware,
ece., was thrown off shelves in the houses ad-
jacent. Much alarm prevailed, and it was at first
thought that the engine had left the line, but,
found r, whicht have had
been evi-
dently
fortunately, it continued its progress in safety. On subse-
quent examinationraoslatrogte
formed the apigeacet of 2 o
timber,
placed across the metals, but, fortunately, it was completely
severed by the wheels of the locomotive, otherwise a fearful
accident might have resulted. Inspector Linnell, of the R.
police division has taken prompt measures to obtein a clue
to the offender.
IRISH EMIGRATION TO AMERICA.—We observe
that large numbers are still leaving this country for Ame-
rica, notwithstanding the disturbed state of society beyond
the Atlantic. The opening of the Galway line, it is
thought, will give a great impetus to emigration, while the
reduction in the fares of the Cunard line has tempted many
to leave the old country and try their fortunes elsewhere,
Western Star.
CORONERS' REVELATIONS.—Daring the last year
20,591 inquests were held in England-14,198 on
males and 643 on females. There were 221 verdicts of
murder; 207 of manslaughter; 1,284 of suicide; 2,429 of
found dead ; 157 of death ftom want, cold, and exposure.
6,002 inquests were held cn children under seven years of
age, and of these 1,107 were on illegitimate children; 3,239
inquests were held on children not more than a year old, of
whom 859 were illegitimate. Verd.cts of wiltul murder
were returned in 124 inquests, more than half of which
related to children.
A FEMALE LIEUTENANT-COLONEL.—" Among
the Mexican prisoners who have arrived in France,"
says the Siecle, "is ono particularly worthy of notice—a
young Indian female, aged 23, who was lieutenant-colonel
in the regiment of Zacatecas. She has in the space of seven
years gained all her grades at the point of the sword. When
her husband was called on to serve, she followed the army,
and having distinguished herself in battle received the
rank of sub-lieutenant, Her husband was killed in the
• affair of Guadeloupe, on the SthMay, 1862, and her bravery
on that occasion obtained her the rank of second in com-
mand of a regiment, at the head of which she rendered her•
self conspicuous in the defence of Puebla. She was most
expert in the use of the sword, and her soldiers almost con-
ordered her as a supernatural being. After the surrender
of Puebla, she was taken to Vera Cruz, and arrived at
Brest on board the Rhone transport. Her order for em-
barcation stated her rank, and gave her a right to a seat at
the table of the superior officers. She possesses a pleasing
physiognomy, but her manners are rather masculine."
STATISTICS OF DRUNKENNESS.--la the year end,
ing at Michaelmas last 94,908 persons-260 a day
--were proceeded against before justices in England for
drunkenness, or for being drunk and disorderly, and 63,255
of them were convicted. The great "majority were only
hued, but above 7,000 were committed to prison. The re-
turns show a great increase ever the previous year, for only
82,196 were then charged with drunkenness, and only
51,123 convicted. Of the persons thus charged in the last
year 22,560 were females, and more than 10,000 women
were convicted for being drunk. Coroners' inquests in the
year 1862 found 211 verdicts of deaths from exce;,t)i
drinkips-115 zu:a and 66 women thus ended their de:',o,

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

(From Me Special Correspondent of the Times.)
WASHINGTON, July 31,

I have come to the threshhold of the American
civil war—to ,the troops-beset city of magnificent
distances. We arrived yesterday morning in one of
the heavy showers which seem intended almost day
by day to temper the tropical heat of this weeern
continent, but which have only the effect of adding
to its stifling oppressiveness. We waded and floun-
dered through Washington as through a sea of mud;
a circumstance which did not prevent the same town
from presenting the image of a perfect wilderness
of dust before evening. 'We found soldiers at the
station, I can hardly say how many companies of
them, quartered in the waiting-rooms, offices, and
gangways of what is hero called the depot or ter-
minus; we had to jump over them, we and our
cloaks and our carpetbags, as they lay full-stretched
in our -way on the sloppy floor of the ill-sheltered
establishment. Outside, the hardiest or unluckiest
of the gang were wallowing in the mire, to which
they are, to judge by their look, as thoroughly
accustomed as to their beds ; and all along the roads
along those vast spaces of muddy mounds and quag-
mires which are here classed and numbered in
streets, on the steps of the Capitol, before the doors
of public buildings, everywhere we saw them ; sol-
diers of all az ms, in every variety of costume, with-
out visible distinction of corps, on no perceptible
duty or errand, were there—not in great numbers,
truly, but still conspicuous everywhere—as if to
warn us by their übiquity of the fact that we had
Come to the seat of a Government whose only busi-
ness is war, to the centre of a nation converted into
a vast camp, with a metropolis for head-barracks.
I had seen soldiers enough in New York, in
Boston, throughout the Eastern cities, and needed
hardly to visit Washington to come to the conclu
sion that the word " soldier" must be understood in
America to convey a different meaning from that
universally received among the well-organised and
civilised nations of Europe. Of the dashing and
enduring valour, of the hardihood and perseverance
of American fighting men on either side, the world
has for the last three years received more than suf-
ficient evidence, and the laurels they have reaped
in tho field cannot be tarnished by any word of
discouragement that may be breathed as to their
tidiness and discipline in camp. No one could be
unwilling to make great allowance for the circum-
stances under which a h st of 1,000,000 combat
ants were suddenly called to arms, for the nature
of the men who supplied the rank and file, for the
inexperience of the leaders, for the carelessness, to
call it by no worse name, of the rulers at the war
department. It takes years to make a soldier, and
here not an army, but a host of armies, was to be
got np at a moment's notice. But when all was
said, and when forced, disastrous marches, want of
accommodation, and the worst of management were
taken into account, there still remained great ,
reason to marvel at the prodigious dirt and squalor
of the American soldiery. I saw squads of armed
men in New York, in the streets of a city running
with bountiful streams, who seemed to have a hor-
ror of water, as if the pure element had power co
wash " the very marrow out a strong man's bones,"
as if parting with the crust of many days' dirt was
as painful to them as to the victorious racer of an-
cient times to shake the Olympic dust off his cha-
riot wheels. They seemed actually to delight and
revel in dirt, and in the tatters of their loose hang-
ing garments, in the rust of their dinted and twisted
weapons. They had gone through hard work, and
were fain to call the world to witness of the stren-
uousness of their exertions. The Neapolitan regi-
ments in the palmy days of King Bemba were not
more unmindful of that proper soldierly pride
which, in the Old World, seems to identil valour
with pipeclay, than are these heroic warriors of
the Western Continent. They seem as scornful
of uniformity of costume as the mosatroopers
of the middle ages, and fall as naturally into the
odd and the picturesque. Not a score of them
are anywhere to be recognised as men belonging
to the same corps. The ungraceful and in- ,
convenient kepi, the last contrivance of French
absurdity, has been officially copied here as every•
where on the continent of Europe, but Republican
freedom has substituted all possible varieties of
slouched hats ; of buttoned-up, tidily-fitting coats
hardly an instance occurs, even among the officers;
and, altogether, a more odd, ruffianly- looking set of
armed men than I have seen marching along the
footpaths in Bradway, in the midst of a delighted
mob of citizens, clapping hands at them as if they
were mere lamb fi4ures at the play-house, it never
was my lot to see anywhere—except, perhaps, in
the suite of the Garijaldian bands in Calabria.

Warm this is said, the very worst is said with re-
gard to the outward look of these champions of the
American Union. The mere mannscha ft, as the
Germans hive it—the thews and sinews, the mein
and bearing of the great bulk of the Northern army,
are all that the heart of its leaders could wish.
Tnere are no very high statures, no very bulky
frames among them; they are, most of them, men
of middle size, lean and lank, narrow .shouldered,
stooping and shambling in many instances ; they
look worn and sullen, but they bear every mark of',
stern endurance and dogged resolution. They have
no spare flesh, no exuberant spirits, no song, no
frolic ; but they look like work—up to their busi-
ness, which is to kilt, to die.
A gentleman who has had much to do with the
management of these troops complains of them as
" thinking bayonets." The Northern soldier,"
he said, " would rather go without his breakfast
than without his newspaper. He discusses the
plan of the campaign with his officer, and sits in
judgment on his General's tactics." To this carp-
ing criticism of the rank and file, to this want of
good confidence in their leaders, the gentleman in
question ascribed the slow success and the frequent
reverses of the Northern arms, and he contrasted
it with the spirit of the Confederate soldiers—un•
educated men, as he described them—who look up to
their commanding officer as a demigod, who receive
orders, ask no questions, and allow themselves no
remarks.

With all this disadvantage of not unwilling but
unsteady discipline I haae every day greater cause
to wonder at the transcendent confidence of the
majority of those Northern men in the ultimate
success of their cause. The earnest steadiness with
which they pursue their purpose is only commen-
surate with their utter recklessness as to the means
which must lead to its attainment. Not only do
they " not care," but they positively delight in the
7:Latriess of the sacrifice their country demands of
them. They seem less eager for victory than for
the teat amount of blood and treasure by which
they are to
achieve it. Are they sure to take
Charisstea
cost will be you ask ; Aye, sure as death. The
tremendous; but who would wish to
have it at a Cheavi
rate P" " Hang the expense !" is
the motto. It is not
of the result of their mighty
effort that they are
laroud, but of the capabilities
and resources of their country in putting forth ouch
colossal power. The big
wthey are anxious to
prove, bears full proportions
a o
navirtith the bigness of the
Republic. Every mane
swell before you as
he d wells on the gigantic strength the State brings
into the field. The navy has raiset
thethe number ot
men of war, which were only 60 a
hostilities, to 600. What to-day costs
millions b
to-
morrow will rise to tens of millions. theytreak of
, re outbreak
they are delighted at it; theya no. t
sorry for it ;
have no rest till the expense shall be hundreds of
millions! A steam frigate founders, a regiment is
cut to pieces, an ironclad is sunk by the enemy.
Hurrah ! All the greater their joy. Here they are,
ready with four new regiments, with four more
steam frigates, with ten additional ironclads.
FAilure braces them up even more than success
would elate them. Al they are anxious to show
is the boundlessness and inexhaustibleness of their
means. Their is no ioss they cannot repair, no
waste, no extravagance they cannot afford. Of this
the world must be well assured. It is in this extent,
in this expansiveness of their means, that lies the
certainty of their progress to the end. They want to
make much of it, doubtless ; they brag an
intole-
rable deal about it, we are all sure. It is on this
lavish, wanton display of unlimited power that they
lay their hope of its irresistibleness, It is by it that
they aspire to strike dismay and despair into the
hearts of their present toe—that they trust to over.