The Sun.
London, England, 1839-09-16 00:00:00

EVENING EDITION

( On Wednesday next, the isth inst., in 3 vols. post Sro.,
THA STORY of the PRESENT DAY.
By MRS. GREY.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

NEW WORK by the AUTHOR of "PAUL PRY."
Now ready at all the Libraries, in 2 vols., post Bvo.,
LITTLE PEDLINGTON
AND THE PEDLINGTONIANS.
By JOHN POOLE, Esq.,
Author of " Paul Pry," " The Comic Sketch Book," &c.
" Mine own romantic town."—Scorr.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlloorough-street.

ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
THIS EVENING,. SEPT. 16.
Will be presented an entirely new and original Nautical Drama,
in Three Acts, entitled
ARMSTRONG, THE SHIPWRIGHT.
Reuben Armstrong, Mr. T. P. Cooke ; Abel Armstrong,
Mr. E. F. Sav DI; Annis Mildred, Mrs. H. Vining.
After which (2.st's t ime) the successful Nautical Drama of
BEN BOATSWATN; ; Or, SAILOR'S SWEETHEARTS.
Ben Bovrting, Mr. T. P. Cooke.
To conclude with,
T ttE BROKEN CHAIN.

ROYAL SUP:II EY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
her MAJES TY'S IMMEDIATE PATRONAGE.
THIS EVENING, TO-MORROW, and THURSDAY,
Srrrr. 16th, 17th, and 19th.
GRAND PROM ENADES MUSICALES ET CHAM-
PETRES,
By the nni ivalled Band of this Establishment,
C 'ooducted by Mr. Godfrey.
Exhibition ef the Wonderfully-intense and beautiful new Light
IKONIAPHOSTIC,
Under the wuperintendence of Mr. 11. Cartgr.
And the E RUPTION a MOUNT HECLA.
On WEDNESDAY, Serf. 18.
A GRA:7.ID FETE DE MUSIQUE !
On which occasion the Concert will commence at HalASf-pY-
ast
Two, ale d the BOYS of the ROYAL
their admired
MILITARY
LUM will visit the, Gardens, accompanied by
Juvenile Band. 'ea conclude with the Koniaphostic, and the
Eruptitrn of Hecla.

Gates open at Twelve.
Admission One Shilling.
Feeding 14our Five 'Clock—Concert at Six.
The Ernption of: 'Heela, whit all the other unique Entertain
Tuesday, and Thursday.
silents, every Moe iday,

elooffiglef
1,11(H WATFIR AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-140FtRONN
Morning...... 17 ,ninutes after S. Evening ... 52 minutes alter

LONDON :
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 1839.

We should be sorry to suppose that the feelings
avowed by a Correspondent, who signs himself
" A Chartist," on the subjects of the Corn-laws and
the middle classes, are universal amongst the work-
ing classes, but knowing them to be prevalent we
think it our duty to publish the letter. The mid-
dle classes will be made acquainted by it with some
of the difficulties they will have to contend with in
the new attack they are about to commence on the
Corn-laws. They will not be supported,
if they are not opposed, by the Chartists,
and the same arguments which prevailed with the
landlords last session will prevail with them next
session. The bulk of the people will not vehe-
mently demand the repeal of the Bread Tax. As
a corroboration of this view we may mention that at
a late meeting at Brighton, a resolution was moved
by a Chartist adverse to the repeal of the Corn-
laws ; he was indeed defeated, but the attempt
shows the prevalence of the feelings mentioned by
our correspondent. If the middle classes, therefore,
reckon on the support of the lower classes, and
without it there is not much chance of their suc-
cess, it will be necessary for them to begin
by effecting, if possible, a reconciliation and al-
liance with the working classes.
We are much grieved by our Correspondent's
letter, because if the embittered feelings it de-
scribes be general, we must bid adieu to any hope
of political improvement till we have gone through
the rugged paths of Revolution. That the pre-
sent system, which is monstrously unjust=that is,
according to Home Tooke's correct description of
the word, contrary to the commands of nature—can
last long we hold to be impossible : that the .
landlords, and the Spiritual Lords, and the other
persons in whose
.hands is the power of making
laws, will freely and voluntary alter it, except
under the influence of a considerable pressure from
without, we regard as most improbable ; that
such a pressure will be applied seems not now to
be expected, and that the system will therefore be
violently broken up, and violently destroyed at no
distant day, seems to us its certain fate. We hope
that we have at no time done any thing to delay or
thwart the success of the Corn-law abolition, or
to promote that bitter hostility between the middle
and lower classes which our Correspondent describes,
and which we look on as one of the most fatal
symptoms of our present social disorders. We
have continually deplored both the harsh treat-
ment which the working classes receive, and the
insulting language which has been held towards
them, and if not now, very soon those who have
been the advocates of legal severity, and have used
such language, will deeply repent their conduct.
One Journal, which last year urged on the
Chartists, and induced them to oppose Corn-law
agitation, as a " tub thrown out to the whale,"
on Saturday insulted its own protegees, by re-
minding the " working men of the tin canister,'
and other delusions of the by-gone year."
The Spectator, we know, had great influ-
ence with the Chartists last year in making
them oppose the Corn-law abolition ; and it is rather
too bad now to reproach them with the de-
lusions of which it was in a great measure the
parent.. It is not enough, as it seems to imply, that
the working classes are convinced that the Corn-
laws lower their wages ; if they, at the same time, are
taught that a higher and a more permanent interest
may be promoted by opposing the agitation for
repeal they will oppose it. The object now,
therefore, ought to be as far as they are concerned,
to prove to them that their permanent as well as
their temporary interest, will be served by the
abolition of the Corn-laws ; that ;giving them in
the first instance higher wages, the abolition is the
surest means of promoting those further political
reforms they seek. The reconciliation which
it is so desirable to effect between them
and the middle classes, and their co-operation, which
it is so desirable to secure, must be begun by con-
cessions, or promises of concessions, on the part of
the middle classes- If the Journals under their im-
mediate influence continue to deal in mingled threats
and insults, the reconciliation and co-operation
will be hopeless, and the Abolitionists, instead of
seeking abolition, will act wiser to make the best
terms theyscan with the landlords.
" It appears," says the Spectator, " that the re-
muneration of labour in England has been regularly
diminishing since the peace. The sums actually
paid have been less, while, latterly, the cost-of
living has been increasing." According to another
notice, in the Wiltshire Independent, of the wages
of labour in the parish of Rushall, the highest
rate of able-bodied married labourers, with
families, is only 9s. per week, except harvest
work; while single men, which is justly cha-
raeterised as a return to the old allowance
agate;, are put off with only 55., 65., or 7s. per
week. Under the present system, then, a most
serious deterioration has taken place in the con-
dition of the labourers, and as their employers are
the immediate agents in reducing their wages,
they I°olr on them as the authors of their
sufferings. There
who so represent theareempineoytersw; aanntdingit
iJsohuariridallys
to be expected that working men should
carry their views from the immediate agents
to the legislative and more distant
In ascausestera
andof their
distress. Thus, unhappily, their
em-
ployers appear to them to have been the causes of
that deterioration which is going on in their condi-
tion,t and, still more unhappily, masters and em-
ployers have done nothing to undeceivehe them on
this point, by generously and firmly interposing with
the Legislature on their behalf. We do not see
our
way out of the difficulties in which these cir-
cumstances place the Abolitionists and the Re.
formers generally ; and if any person can point out
a way he will deserve well of his country. We
know that it is very foolish of the working classes
to neglect that practical improvement which is
within their reach to chase after an unattainable
alteration ; but when we see the nonsensical and
even mad persecution which is instigated by the
ultra-Protestant bigots—when we see the people of
Ireland still led astray by Mr. O'CONNELL S often-
told tale of repeal, or see the nobility and clergy of
England making themselves the objects of intense
ational hatred, for the sake of a little pelf, we can-
not, demand perfect wisdom and great comprehen-
'oo,in the working classes.

has been appointed by the CHANCELLOR of the 1
EXCHEQUER to superintend the arrangements for
bringing into operation the uniform Penny Postage
Act. This appointment has been strongly recom-
mended from various quarters, and it will give great
and general satisfaction. It is equally due to Mr.
HILL, as the enlightened projector of the plan, and
the public, who will naturally look to him to carry
it into effect. They will now be thoroughly con-
vinced that nothing will be left undone which can
be done to insure success, and they will anticipate
a speedy accomplishment of their wishes. To the
Ministers, the assistance of a gentleman so well
versed in all the details, will be of great service ; it
will relieve them from a world of cares, while it will
be a guarantee to the public, that they wish to
carry the plan into effect in the best manner.

Two more charges under the 42d clause of the
Police Act were heard at Bow-street on Saturday,
and they both appear cases of peculiar hardship.
One publican was accused of the crime of refusing
to admit a policeman into his house after twelve
on Saturday night. He brought witnesses to prove
that no liquor was served after that hour, and that
the house was closed according to the instructions
of the police, but because one policeman swore
that he saw the defendant through the key-hole
pouring some water from a tin can into a glass, and
another swore that he also saw him through the key-
hole pouring beer from a tin can, the Magistrate
adjudged him at first to pay a penalty of 20s. The
decision was afterwards recalled for some ulterior
purposes, not, we conclude, out of mercy to the
the defendant. No person was seen coming out
after twelve—there was not even au attempt on the
part of the police to prove that any but lodgers
were in the house—nay, it was distinctly stated
by two witnesses, lodgers, and not denied, that they
were the only persons beside the landlord inside at
the time, yet because the policemen were
not allowed to obtrude upon the privacy of
domestic life, this man is punished as if
guilty of an offence against the New Act. The
other defendant was fined 40s. for not ejecting his
customers by force. He had closed his bar—closed
his house—extinguished the light—and done every-
thing he could, even according to the strictest inter-
pretation of this absurd clause, the hous: was
most respectable, and the customers of good cha-
racter, yet all of no avail. " You must pay a fine
of 40s. and costs," says the Magistrate. Is this
severity sanctioned by the Home Government? and
did Mr. HALL receive instructions at his inter-
view with Lord NORM ANBY on Thursday, to en-
force the law with unabated rigour—to punish one
in fifty for not performing an impossibility—to order
policemen to act the part of eaves-droppers—to
peep through key-holes—to annoy respectable
householders, parlour politicians, public, though
not private actors, and those who encourage them ?
The New Police Act is in many respects excel-
lent. That clause of it Which directs that all
public-houses shall be closed on Sunday forenoon,
deserves every commendation, and would answer all
the purposes intended, without the absurd interpre-
tation put upon it which, while it excites the worst
feelings against the Government, never can be car-
ried into effect till the Home Secretary lend his
aid, and order the police to arrest all persons found
in taverns after twelve on Saturday night.

Several of our Tory Contemporaries affect ex-
treme indignation at the conduct of the agents of
our Government in the Peninsula, in availing them-
selves of General MA noTo's aid to put an end to
the civil war in Spain. According to them, the
British and French Governments have disgraced

themselves by having recourse to treason against a
Prince whom they failed to reduce by honourable

warfare ; and they denounce MA ROTO as a traitor
to his King, with whom it is infamy to hold any
communication. We are no apologists of the
conduct of General MAROTO. His murder of
the Carlist officers, under whatever pretext,
will ever cast a foul stain upon his name.
_ _

But high treason is a crime of which he is not, and
could not be guilty, so far as relates to his deser-
tion of the cause of the Pretender. Don CARLOS

was neither de facto nor de jure King of Spain.
He was a rebel in arms against his Sovereign ; and
the Tories teach a novel doctrine, indeed, when

they inculcate the inference that to deliver him up
to be dealt with according to the laws, is treason
on the part of any of his deluded followers. Ac-
cording to the established principles of the laws of
nations, fidelity to Don CARLOS in his assumed

character of king of Spain, is the greatest crime
of which a Spaniard could be guilty. Nor would
the good faith of the Allies of her most Catholic

MAJESTY be unquestionable, if they neglected any

opportunity within their reach to detach from the
service of the Pretender whomsoever they knew
to be assisting him in disturbing the peace
of any part of the Spanish territory. To
extend the rights of belligerents to rebels, /ould
be a truly ridiculous stretch of chivalry ; and, to
confess the truth, the Tories never thought of re-
commending it during the whole of the late contest
in Canada. It would have been as much an het of

high treason on the part of the followers of PAPI-
NEAU and MACKENZIE, to deliver them bp to
the British Government, as it would be for General
MAROTO to send Don CARLOS a prisoner to
ESPA RTERO, and yet we do not remember to-.have
read a single Tory protest against such a prodeclure
during the continuance of the insurrection in. the
Canadas. What is stronger still, we have a lively
recollection of strong insinuations being thrown out
against the sincerity of the professions of friendship
made by President VAN BUREN, because the
Government of the United States, did not manifest

a sufficient readiness to co-operate with us
in putting down an insurrection a thousand
times more justifiable in itself than that which has
desolated for more than six years the fairest pro-
vinces of Spain. To have refused to treat with
MAROTO for the surrender of the revolted provinces
would have been to fan the flames of rebellion—to
have betrayed the QUEEN, while professing for her
and for her people the most earnest solicitude ; and,
what ought to have still greater weight with us,
would have been an abandonment of a Treaty en-
tered into for the express purpose of ridding Por-
tugal and Spain of CARLOS and MIGUEL.
But the malignity of this ridiculous charge con-
sists in the assumption that England and France
attempted unsuccessfully to eject the Pretender
from Spain by making war upon him. Now,
our constant cause of quarrel with the two
Governments for the last six years has
been that they neglected to adopt such a course.
Had the plan of military occupation proposed by
M. TRIERS been adopted by Lord PALMERSTON,
the war in Spain would not have lasted as many
months as it has continued years. But the Minis-
try allowed themselves to be guided by the counsels
of the Tories, who trusted that by gaining for
CARLOS time enough to obtain assistance from
Russia, Prussia, and Austria, through their accom-
modating agent, the King of SARDINIA, and
also to rouse the fanaticism of the Monks, a
catastrophe at Madrid would lead to the easy re-
establishment of that system of despotism which
flourished during the reign of the Royal petti-
coat-embroiderer FERDINAND. Their calcu-
lations were happily erroneous. They had not
taken sufficiently into account the sturdy patriotism
and indomitable love of liberty of the Spanish
people. Tikav had no idea how easy it is to pre-
serve order unapg a people who are honestly in-
tent upon realizing one great object—upon achiev-
ing their civil and political regeneration. The in-
trigues of selfish demagogues were instruments of
which the Carlists hoped to avail themselves in
effecting a counter-revolution ; but they were not
aware of the fact that when a whole people know
the object for which they are struggling, and when
they are united and earnest in such a struggle, it
would be as difficult as it would be dangerous to
attempt to mislead them. Liveral Spain was
not without thousands of talented adven-
turers, ready to make mcrchandize of their
principles, and their influence ; but the earnest-
ness of the people, and their distrust of all
whose conduct was not in strict and simple accord-
ance with their professions, abashed and silenced
them.

. ,
,
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Wilt .:-7zsivrt.