The Sun.
London, England, 1863-09-10 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

(From the Times' Correspondent.)
NEW YORK, Aug. 82.
The draught is completed in this city, and owing
partly to the presence of 50,000 Federal troops, and
partly to the reliance of the poorer classes that if
draughted the municipality would purchase their
exemption, everything has passed over quietly.
The Government has thus lost for the present the
cemeted opportunity of declaring martial law. But
only for the present. If there be any meaning in
words, the closing passage of the remarkable letter
of General Dix to Governor Seymour clearly points
to that ultimate catastrophe. " I desire," says the
General, " that the military power of the State o
New York shall be employed in case of need to en,
force the:draught—because I shall otherwise call
on the general Government for a force which shall
not only be adequate to secure the execution of
the law, but which shall enable me to carry out
such decisive measures as shall leave their impress
on the mind of the country for years to come.'
Without waiting for Governor Seymour's reply to
this threatening missive—and Governor Seymour
most certainly did not hurry himself to answer it
General Dix put himself in communication with Se-
cretary Stanton; and the result was that New York
was invaded and is now occupied by an army almost
as numerous as that with which General Meade con-
fronts General Lee in Virginia and defends the
Federal capital from the perils of a new invasion.:
Three years ago, before the election of Mr. Lin-
coln, and when Mr. Seward had a hope that he
himself might be the chosen of the American people
for the high office of President, he uttered the fol-
lowing words at a meeting at La Crosse, in Wis-
consin :—" What kind of a Government would it
be if we (the American people) elected a man we
did not like, instead of a man we did like ? My
impression is that we should have a Government
not differing very far from the empire of Austria,
where they always manage to elect a man whom
the people do not like, and where they have an
admirable way of serving the union by organising
an army of 500,000 men, armed to the teeth,
to maintain in power the man who is not
liked." Passing over the error that the Emperor of
Austria sits on the throne by the election of the
people—which was perhaps a slip of the orator's
tongue, or the reporter's pencil—there is sufficient
truth in the description to justify the resuscitation
of this dead and buried prophecy, and to examine
how it fits with the state of affairs in America which
Mr. Seward has done so much to produce, and which
Gen. Dix is so willing to maintain. In the Federal
States, as in Austria, there is an army of half a
million of men, "armed to the teeth," to maintain a
Union that might otherwise resolve itself into three
or four separate parts. Austria proper, Bohemia,
Hungary, and Italy, would represent the disinte-
gration on the one side of the Atlantic ; New Eng-
land, New York, and the Southern and Western
Confederacies on the other. There is this additional
resemblance between the two cases—that such
armies are incompatible with constitutional liberty;
and that they are used to prop up a tyranny that
would otherwise fall to the ground. The city of
New York is called upon to provide 8,000 or 10,000
conscripts for the prosecution of a war which more
than one-half of the people condemn, and lest these
8,000 or 10,000, or any portion of them, should
break into revolt, 50,000 men, " armed to the teeth,"
aided by a considerable naval force, are found
necessary to keep the peace, and force the unwilling
civilians into battle. The Auqtrianisation of
America is almost complete, and Mr. Seward is the
Metternich, Gen, Dix the Wiedischgratz, and Gen.
Butler the Haynau of the process.
The first attempt of the military to interfere in
New York with the right of free discussion during
the progress of the draught has just beer. made.
The victims are a physician of the name of Childs,
said to be an Englishman ; a printer named
Dickson, and a bill-poster named Johnson, who
were arrested en Wednesday—the first for writing,
and the second and third for printing and distri-
buting a placard, which the police declared to be
treasonable. The police authorities, having some
misgivings whether they had not committed an out-
rage, for which they might be held to account, con-
sulted Gen. Canby, second in command to Gen. Dix,
and by that officer :they were handed over to the
Provost Marshal and committed to a military pri-
son. The placard impugned was an address to the
"Sons of Liberty,"calling upon them, " in the name
of God, and that of the signers of the Declaration
of American Independence, to arouse from their
lethargy," and call a public meeting to raise 50;00
dols. by subscription, in order to employ priperly
qualified counsel to test the legality of the conscrip-
tion before the tribunals, in the case of every
draughted poor man who objected to b.acome a sol-
dier. The concluding paragraph will show alike
the style and temper of the writer The Decla-
ration of Independence positively assserts that all
men are born free and equal ! I will ask unpreju-
diced, reflecting men, immaterial what their politi-
cal feelings may be, whether a man is free or can
only enjoy liberty when he is impressed into the
army, dragged from his home, forced to take up
weapons to invade a country, ravage it, kill and
maim its population, jeopardise his limbs,health, life,
and become subservient to a Dictator or Dictators,
when these things are repugnant to his honour and
manhood ? If this constitutes freedom God have
mercy and protect those who are oppressed by
teaching them truth, so that they can spurn and
defy their oppressors with the weapons of
righteousness." The newspapers every day con-
tain articles far more " treasonable " than this can
by any stretch of meaning be fairly considered, and
no notice is taken of them. Perhaps the treatment
of Dr. Childs is a warning to them of what they
must expect if they continue to persuade the labour-
ing people that the draught is unconstitutional.
Immediately that Dr. Childs was taken from his
home his wife applied by counsel to Judge Leonard
for a writ of habeas corpus, issued to Police Com-
missioner Acton, who was supposed to hold him in
custody. The writ was made returnable on the
following day. The Commissioner yielded due obe-
dience to the summons, and replied that he could
not deliver up the prisoner, for the reason that he
had not then, and never had, custody of the body.
Mrs. Childs and another woman testified that they
had gone together to the police head-quarters, that
allelieeman admitted that Dr Childs was in custody
„ within, and he said moreover that he wondered
what Could have induced Mrs. Childs to issue such
a hilt ;it was enough to hang a man." Commissioner
Retort
admitted, upon examination, that Childs had
been ea
tedb
over to the y order of General Canby and handed
cut
Court, under
tilody of Provost Marshal Nugent. The
to the Provon "le circumstances, issued a new writ
the body, The
eMahal, directing him to produce
afternoon. The gee before Judge Leonard this
it, and testified th'lreaLet Marshal appeared to answer
prisoner was not in his
by order of General
keeping—that he ha`dtbilee
eate,n sent to Fort Lafayette
circumstances, he could °l:4lnd that, under the
,ivri."_thing. The judge
thereupon issued a third
E directed to General
warden to the commeudant,
Canby,
warden of Fort Lafayette, whate,the
p janitor,
ro p
r dor
function. may be. And
here matter
signation or
rests. The military authorities •
babe
with their answer to any summons, and Der Childs-
will, in all probability, be .suffe,red to rot .n •
Prison
until it shall please Mr. Lincoln, Mr. Seward Mr.
Stanton, or General Dix to release him. And this
affords another proof of the administration of Ame-
rico, which Mr. Seward dreamt of in 1860, and
which he has in the interval done his best to convert
into a reality.
The printer and the billposter have been dis-
charged after a reprimand by the police on the
enormity of the e treason " which they severally
aided in disseminating, with a caution to sin no
more,—a caution which the printer has takengreatly
to heart. Lest his business should suffer, and loyal
men come no more to his shop, he hes publicly ex-
pressed his regret at his imprudence, and plainly
stated that had he read either the manuscript or the
proof of the placard he would have had nothing to
do with "such a thing." He could have said
nothing more to the purpose had he been in War-
saw or in Venice.

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