The Sun.
London, England, 1863-05-30 00:00:00

AMERICA.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)
EVACUATION OF VICKSBURG.
(Per the Australasian.)
NEW YORK, May 19, Morning:
The Federal loss in killed, wouLded, and missing
in the late battles at Chaneellorsville is cfficially
estimated at 13,500, and the loss in prisoners at
4,500.

The Confederates have thrown up extensive earth-
works along the ridge of the hills in the rear and to
the lull of Fredericksburg. It is reported that Gen.
Hooker will be reinforced frcm the troops around
Washington and Baltimore and on the 'Virginia
and Maryland railroads, their places being sup-
plied by the Pennsylvania militia. Colonel Grier-
son, with a brigade of Illinois and lowa cavalry
from General Grant's army, has made an extraor-
dinary raid, passing from Tennessee through the
heart of Mississippi, and reaching safely Baton
Rouge, Louisiana. Northern correspondents as-
sert that Colonel Grierson travelled 800 miles in
seventeen days, destroying 4,000,000 dole. worth of
property, and portions of most important railroads.
It is also stated that he captured 1,000 prisoners
and 1,200 horses, and defeated the enemy at nume-
rous points, all resulting in advantage to General
Grant's movements.

Col, Grierson has been received at'New Orleans
with great public demonstrations.
Admiral Farragut has arrived at New Orleans,
having passed_ a small . gunboaeiv‘Abrough, the
Atchafalaya and Grand haslrought
telligence that Admiral Porter, with his own fleet
and portion of his (Farragut's) gunboats, took pos-
session of Alexandria, 70 miles up the Red River,
on the 6th inst. On the same day General Banks'
forces arrived at Alexandria, forming a junction
with Admiral Porter.

Alexandria was abandoned by the Confederates,
who retreated to Schreveport, and took their gun-
boats above Red River falls.

The capture of Alexandria interferes with the
Confederate supplies from Texas and Arkansas.
It is reported that Admiral Farragut will imme-
diately attack Port Hudson with the fleet from
below, in conjunction with Admiral Porter's fleet
from above.

Some accounts state that tho bombardment has
commenced.

The Northern press think that Grant, Porter, and
Farragut's present movements will insure the open-
ing of the Mississippi.
Captain Dwight having been killed by guerillas
in the neighbourhood of Opelousas, General
Banks has ordered 100 inhabitants of that region
to be arrested, and kept in close conf nement at
New Orleans until the guerillas are given up.
Gen. Banks has ordered a n organisation of coloured
troops, to be called the Corps d'Afrique,and to con-
sist of 18 regiments of infantry, cavalry, and artil-
lery. They are to be organised and instructed by
the best army officers. It consequence of disturb-
ances at places of amusement in New Orleans, the
Provost. Marshal has ordered all the programmes of
all the entertainments 10 be submitted to him.
They were not to bo interspersed with national airs.
Several New Orleans schoolmistresses have been
heavily fined for permitting the children to draw
rebel flags and sing rebel songs.
Heavy firing had been heard at New Orleans in
the direction of Charleston harbour on the 14th
inst. It was supposed to arise from an attack by
Federal Monitors on the Confederate batteries on
Morris Island. The Charleston papers say that the
guns of the Keokuk were raised, and will be
mo'znted at Charleston.

The Confederates have made a raid in KanaNs ha
Valley, capturing one company of Federal cavalry,
portions of two infantry companies, and 40 waggons.
The following letter from the President of the
anifederate States is communicated to the army as
an expression of his appreciation of its success :

" I have received your despatch, and reverently
unite with you in giving praise to God for the
EUCCCSS with which he has crowned our arms.

"In the name of the people, I offer my cordial
thanks to yourself and the troops under your com-
mand for this addition to the unprecedented series
of great victories which your army has achieved.
The universal rejoicing produced by this happy
result will be mingled with a general regret for the
good and the brave who are numbered among the
killed and wounded. " It. E. LEE, General."
The Vallandigham excitement is increasing. The
military court, with Gen. Burnside's concurrence,
has sentenced Mr. Vallandigham to close imprison-
ment in Fort Warren during the war. A meeting
has been held at Albany, denouncing the arrest, at
which several disturbances occurred through a feel-
ing of opposition being known to the meeting by
some soldiers returned from the war. The Go-
vernor of Now York sent a message to the meeting
characterising Mr. Vallandighamis arrest as " an
act bringing dishonour upon the country, and
full of danger to our
persons and homes—
bearing upon its front a conscious violation of law
and justice." The decision of the adminis-
tration, for which the Governor looks with solemn
solicitude, will determine, he says, whether the war
is waged to put down the Southern rebellion or to
destroy the Northern free institutions.
A large meeting has also been held in Union-
square, New York, at which letters were read from
the leading democrats, and speeches made and rem-.
lations passed denouncing the arrest of Mr. Vallan-
digham. There was considerable excitement at the
meeting, and a large reserve of police was at hand.
No disturbance, however, took place.
The New York Daily News has recommenced
publication under the auspices of Mr. Benjamin
Wood. It announces itself as opposed to the
further prosecution of the war, and attributes to
the administration purposes ulterior to the recon.
struction of the Union, and not according with the
spirit of republican institutions.
The steamer Britain has arrived at Charleston.
The steamers Ella and Anna have arrived at Nas-
sau from Charleston ; and the steamers Britannia,
Emma, Norseman, Antonica, Victory, and Calypso
have cleared from Nassau.

inst.,
Mississippi, in the
NEW Yong, May 20 (Morning).
rear
of Grant
Vicksburg occupied
on
having pre-
viously had a brisk fight at Raymond and Missis-
sippi Springs, driving the Confederates from those
places towards Jackson. The State Capitol at
Itahceklso4nth,
Jackson was burnt.

_ ..
Despatches from Gem Grant state that the Con-
north wards to
ef endt ei
rr
ea te s
wVai cs ke bu r g and that the
moving ,
reinforce Gen. Bragg for the purpose of attacking
Roseneranz. Federal reinforcements would be thrown
forward to intercept the Confederate movenient, and
o
strengthen Rosencranz. Gen. Jos. Johnstone com-
mands the Confederates, who are moving from Vick-
sburg. 17,000 Confederates, vat', 14
pieces
e crossed the Cumber-
Rosencranz, and
oflandß artillery i
ver , are
and
reportedadv a :e
et
do hnav Richmond, Kentucky,
akni n go
liGheins General
compelling at Murfrees-
boro. Twenty-eight Confederate regiments are
1
witwith
t.
h e view
biro of
f tndt oaa b
stated to be at Norris Town, East Tennessee, for the
same purpose. This report is not credited in Louis-
ville, but believed to be sot afloat to prevent the
Federal 3 reinforcing General Rosencranz or invad-
ing East Tennessee.
The press continues unanimous in denouncing Mr.
Vallandigham's arrest. _ _

In consequence of the determination of the Con-
federate Government not to regard negro troops or
their officers as war prisoners, the coloured people
of Washington have petitioned President Lincoln to
adopt retaliatory measures.
Official instructions have been issued to the
officers of the Federal army that foreign consuls in
the enemy's country will be subjected to martini
law'only in cases of urgent necessity. Any delin-
quency the consuls commit agew , ;
ist the established

military rule may be punished as in the case of
other inhabitants. Stich punishment furnishes no
reasonable ground for international complaint.

A arge quantity of cotton is said to have arrived
at New Orleans from Western Louisiana, and more
was expected.
The Australasian takes out 143,745 dols. in
specie, uud 145 passengers.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

NEW YORK, May 19, Evening.

Great excitement prevailed yc'sterday in the
stock market in consequence of the inerea.o of
public speculation, and stocks rose from 3 to 9 per
cent., the market closing stronger, but with con-
siderable disposition to Eel!.

Money abundant. Gold, 49L- prem. Exchange on
London—Bankers' bills, 164. Stocks—Large spe-
culative sales. New York Centrals, 129; Illinois,
114 ; Erie, 101 ; Six per Cent. Western States
Bonds, 107. Cotton dull. Middling Uplands, 55/,
Flour quiet, and sc. lower. Wheat, good inquiry.
Corn, lc. higher and advancing. Provisions, good
inquiry. Coffee quiet. Sugar steady. Molasses
very firm.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.—Such speechea as that of Mr. Gregory
last night on the affairs of Turkey are not likely to
be wanting in future years. There are some evils
which the wise man sees to be irremovable by any
efforts that his contemporaries can make. That
ee: emill,he removed, __that their foundations are
already loosened, and their-Tabric totteringehtazan
well see, and he is as certain as he be of anything
future that the time will come when they will have
passed away. But to accelerate the tree's growth
or the glacier's progression would be as easy as to
force on the political development which is some-
times necessary to the peace and wellbeing of a
country. Mr. Gregory last evening told the house
the melancholy tale of Turkish tyranny and desola-
tion. From the despatches of Ambassadors, the
reports of Consuls, the testimony of travellers, he
showed that in every region, from the Danube to
the Euphrates, the Turkish Administration is, as it
has always been, feeble, capricious, and corrupt.
Bosnia and Bulgaria, as well as Syria and the Le-
banon, are exposed to all that grasping Governors
and intriguing underlings can effect. These things
are so generally reported by all whom business or
official functions have established in the East that
we should be refusing human testimony its due
rights if we declined to admit their truth. Nor can
any reflecting man require much evidence to con-
vince him that Turkish authority is still a cruel
wrong to the populations it rules, and to the noble '
regions they inhabit. In this matter there is a
common basis of history which is admitted both by
the defenders and the eccusers of the Turk. No one
canidoubt that for four centuries the European pro-
vinces have been subjected to a rule which has de-
graded the Christian population, destroyed every
industry but the commonest agriculture, and checked
even this by imposts and exactions, by the insecu-
rity of property and the impossibility of obtaining
justice at the tribunals. If this has been the
state of things from time immemorial, is it likely
that it has totally changed during the last
20 years, or whatever may be the term during which
Turkish amendment has, according to its admirers,
been in progress ? It certainly rests upon those
who assert that a complete revolution has taken
place in the Mussulman character to give some sa-
tisfactory proof of this wonderful change, for the
presumption is that the instincts and habits of 1,200
years remain what they were, and have not been
eradicated either by the lecturing of European
statesmen or by the liberal manifestoes of the Porte.
For our own part we are quite prepared to learn
that in spite of the exertions of European Powers,
in spite of the elaborate machinery of consuls and
vice-consuls, who exercise such extraordinary func-
tions in Turkey, the situation of the Rayahs has
been little altered for the better. Of course, to a
certain extent they suffer with their Mahomedan
fellow subjects. Whatever there is oppressive in
the vexatious imposts of the country is felt both by
Christian and Mahomedan, and there is probably
little to choose between the lot of the believing and
unbelieving peasants so far as regards the extor-
tions of his masters. But socially and legally the
position of the Christian is still undoubtedly most
unfortunate. Whatever Europeans may do, and
however much he may be advised of his rights, he
has neither the power nor the courage to place him-
self on an quali!y with the Mussulman. His evi-
dence, in spite of repeated declarations by the Porte,
is rejected by the courts in many parts of the coun •
try, and everywhere it is of little use to him to be
able to give evidence if the judge makes it a prae-
lice never to believe him. The right of acquiring
land is useless to men whose position before the
courts of law is one of inferiority ; and it is said the
ettempta of the Christians to become more gene-
rally possessors of the soil have in some parts
aroused the strong jealousy of the Turkish popula-
tion. From the manner in which the subject was
treated in the House it is evident that the theory
of Turkish regeneration, which was so popular
10 years ago, has been shaken. On this theory
the whole foreign policy of England has been built
for the last quarter of a century. It has been up-
held with wonderful consistency by Liberal Minis-
ters, even after they have been relieved from their
traditional terror of the Russian Autocrat. Rely-
ing on it, we not only went to war for the indepen-
dence and integrity of the Ottoman Empire, but
we have supported its Government both then and
since by loans which give the public an interest in
keeping up the present order of things. The fancy
by which Englishmen reconciled this Mussulman
partisanship to their consciences was that the Turko
had been humbled by a knowledge of the strength
of the Christian Powers, and enlightened by their
teaching. The Sultan was a well-disposed man ;
the Councils of the Porte were directed by in-
structed and travelled Ministers ; the Turks gene-
rally were willing to admit the Christians to equal
rights, and if there was any ignorant opposition in
the more remote provinces it might be overcome
through the watchfulness of the Consuls, who
would bring any violation of the Sultan's new
statutes under the notice of the Christian Ambas-
sadors, and thus obtain a remedy. Those who re-
lied on this view of the future forgot the invete-
racy of habit and the powerlessness of mere paper
proclamations to change the policy of an Empire.
All the progress which the Christians have made is
to be ascribed rather to the decay than to the re-
generation of the Turks,—to their weakness rather
than their justice. The gradual elevation of the
Itayah population is the work of deeper causes
than are contained in any Hatti-Sherif. Just as
the progress of the Christians in wealth and in-
dustry has been used by philo-Turkish politicians
as a statistical proof of the advance of their fa-
vourites, so now the struggles of the Christians
towards something better in spite of the disadvan-
tages under which they live are given as proofs
that the present domination encourages their
progress. But the truth is that except by wasting
away, and thus losing their hold on the Christians,
the lurks have in no way contributed to any im-
provement in the condition of their Rayahs. It is
to the continuance of this process that we must look
for real progress, and not to any nominal reform of
laws which are to be administered by Turkish
judges and officials under the Government of a
Turkish Pasha. As long as two populations, Mus-
sulman and Christian, are intermingled, with the
one essentially dominant over the other, the idea of
equal justice or social equality is the wildest of
dreams. Equality between the whites and blacks of
America is not more impossible than between the
conquering religion and those who are tribu-
taries to it.
DAILY NEWS.—Whatever may be the results, to-
morrow and on Monday, of the electoral campaign
in France, it is tolerably certain that the operations
of the last three weeks will be found to have opened
a breach in the Imperial system of government. Aa
tide that rises so suddenly, and to so unexpeetef
its
height, will not recede without leaving. traces of e
overflow. The battle of the constitution will 13 ,
fought this time with legal and peaceful waremapyonosf
by a few free skirmishers against a, wholetsThevietory
functionaries, fhtterers, and den 1
cannot he doubtful ; but thhereen(N;i7:trp. ;•ies as disas-
are
time' electoral vie-
trolls as defeats, and of such
y arei Condemned to win
Curies which. M. de
It is impossible to contemplatemwi.ntlai Tetr atosputrielsoetrlll.ee
uneasy attempts of that devoted s
an attitude of contemptuous. assurance, and if the
Empire invited its adversaries to do their
Second
little worst, while he is buying oft the Opposition
luettestalvieouoffers,
lie cannot intimidate, and. intimidating that Which
g.ullibletoceonbsttaiiti
he cannot buy.
candidates who are likely
the central Government--grants of money, lb of
appal the timid and
conces-
sions, lecae public works. To
selfish instincts of the bourgeoisie he calls up the
spectre of revolution which .y the Second Empire
could exorcise. At the
same time
his prefects and

his sub-prefects, his mayors, his magistrates, and
his rural police are busy tearing down unpatronieed
addresses, threatening printers with the loss of
their license, and setting a strict watch upon
every step and word of independent candidates
In the cities and large towns the means of cor-
ruption and of pressure ere more unsparingly, if
not more dexterously, used in proportion to the
greater resources of the Opposition. Yet M. de
Persigny points complacently to the columns of the
journals in which addresses impugning or denying
every article of the Imperial faith are impudently
(iiiplayed, and ask whether this is not public
liberty P In some instances it appears that Go-
vernment candidates have been outhorised to hold
meetings, to explain their sentiments, and to form
committees; as for their placards, they have had
every dead wall at their service, every printer at
their orders and the public money to pay for their
distribution. The addresses of the Government
candidates in Paris have been printed on splendid
paper, and posted to every householder at the ex-
pense of the State. Such is M. de Persigny's bene-
ficent interpretation of " the public good. Cor-
ruption and intimidation of some sort or other are
not perhaps peculiar to France under the Empire.
But corruption and intimidation on so vast a scale
as this, practised by the Government at the cost of
the taxpayers, and by a Government professing to
be based on universal suffrage, with half-a-million
functionaries at its absolute disposal, and armed
with a whole arsenal of arbitrary decrees having
force of laws—surely modern Europe has never seen
till now. And yet, with all this machinery at his
command for conducting and controlling "the
national will," M. de Persigny is visibly discon-
certed at the appearance of five or six names of
leaders of " the old parties" among the independent
candidates. Never was there a more flagrant in-
stance of official zeal ! With one breath M. de
Persigny, through his journals, (scoffs at the insig-
•
mficance of these returning veterans of obsolete par-
ties and representatives of rejected systems, and
puffs them into importance and popularity by vitu-
perative epithets, instead of accepting their allegi-
ance, welcoming their conversion, absorbing and
annihilating their independence, and clasping them
body and soul to the embrace of a liberal and con-
stitutional despotism. M.de Morny showed a keener
discernment of men and things when he spoke of
these eminent independent candidates as so much
" ballast" to the Second Empire. For in the oath of
allegiance (with whatever mental reservations, and
even if they have not the almost superstitious re-
verence for the sanctity of this oath which M. De
Persigny teaches), M. Thiers and his associates do
accept the Second Empire, and not as they accepted
the Republic of 1848 which they succeeded in de-
stroying, as an accident, a surprise, a catastrophe,
but as an established government amenable to
friendly criticism, and susceptible of legal reform.
In coming forward as independent candidates for
seats in the Legislative Chamber, the leaders of the
old parties perform an act of " happy despatch"
upon their political selves. To impartial observers
it seems unaccountable that M. De Persigny should
look an Orleanist candidate in the mouth.
POST.—The first session of the first Parliament of
the kingdom of Italy closed only a fortnight ago,
and after an interval of ten days, the second session
has already commenced. If the first session, 28
menths in duration, of the Italian Legislature,
might be regarded as furnishing the measure in
time for the sessions that are to follow, the consti-
tutional annals of Italy will soon have the advan-
tage over those of England, and exhibit not one,
but a series of " long parliaments." The extreme
length of the session just terminated arose chiefly
from the fact that the amount of general legislation
with which the Chambers were occupied in 1861
and 18G2 left them no time to'enter into a detailed
examination of the Budget until the commencement
of the present year; and although credits were
granted provisionally from time to time, it was
necessary that the entire Budget should be regu-
larly discussed and voted before the session could be
brought to a legal close. The senators and deputies
who last Monday assembled round King Vietor
Emmanuel might look back with a feeling of, on
the whole, honest satisfaction at their 28 months'
work, It is true that the new State is still shorn of its
capital, that the iron hand of Austria presses down
more heavily perhaps than ever on the Venetian pro-
vinces, and that the establishment of order in the
southern portion of the peninsula is a difficult and
tedious task. But the moral ripening of the Roman
question, from which alone Count Cavour hoped and
predicted its solution, is daily making greater pro-
gress in the judgment of the Catholic world. On
the Austrian Court itself there is beginning to strike
the first faint rays of a conviction that, both politi-
cally and financially, the retention of Venice is, if
not a positive loss, but a sorry gain ; whilst increas-
ing commerce, and roads, and bridges, and schools,
and the press, with impartial execution of civil and
criminal justice, and the mutual intercourse and con-
fidence which all these create, promise, in the Nea-
politan territory, gradually to remove the chronic
causes of brigandage. and to convert the semi-bar-
barous Abruzzese or Calabrian peasant into an honest
and useful citizen. The doggrel lines recording the
social wonders worked in our own Scottish High-
lands by the roads of Wade may, a score of years
hence, find their illustration and counterpart in some
homely Neapolitan distich on the changes there
wrought by the iron rails and steam cars which have
already invaded Pescara, and which will before long
reach Brindisi. When an Englishman proceeds to
examine in detail the legislative work done in the
first session of the Italian Parliament it is impos-
sible for him, if he be unbiassed by parl or sec-
tarian prejudice, to resist the conviction that the
Italian senators and deputies have laboured steadily
and honestly to promote the welfare of their com-
mon country. The measures mobilising the entire
National Guard of Italy, for consolidating the sepa-
rate debts of the previous Governments, for regu-
lating the pensions of the civil functionaries, for
establishing loan and deposit banks, for regulating
the law of naortmain and taxing Church property,
ea r introducing a uniform postal system and a uni-
te/ate rate of postage, for taking the general census
of the population, for transferring conventional pro-
perty 1,,0 the Church fund, for regulating the civil
list, and., above all, for conferring on Italy a vast
and efficient system of railway communication—
these are but the more prominent achievements
of the session of the Italian Parliament that has
closed. For that which has just opened sufficient
work appears' .to be cut out. The land tax, the ge-
neral laws of customs and excise, the property tax,
the discussion of the commercial treaty with
France, and of the commercial treaties with other
States by which it 1.1 to be followed, the Parlia-
mentary Commission oat the state of national edu-
cation ; but above all tlasse questions, and modify-
ing them all, the proposed law for settling the
attributions of the provincial and communal coun-
cils—a measure of which the details will open up
the whole question of centralbsation and local self-
government. In the right aeljustment of these
questions the representatives Italy will find
ample scope for the full emple:yment of their
powers, and ample opportunities of aergely earning
the gratitude of their countrymen. We do not, we
confess, envy the state of mind of the politicians
who in any country, but especially is our own,
view the prosecution of these legislative la.h rs do
ou in
We
Italy with a malignant and jealous eye.
spec-
not envy the feelings of those who, to such to
tacle of well-regulated national aims and eflVis,
would prefer the sight of the Bourbon P
buesrg-Lot
again fastened upon Naples, or H
d anPas and Tus-
mine imbecility triumphant in
and, stranger
eau. Yet, strange to say, perstounssa;
cl-
ings are to be fonnd amongs ranks in both
still, they have in the Cense:
capable of believing
weith such fehouses of Parliament,
offed!!
constitutional government
Italy is destined to
and national indepteled
that the great cause
but contemptible influences.
give way before hos
We regret to
zilian minister HERALD.--
has been constrained by the conduct
of her Majesty's Ministers to demand his passports,
and that he is now making preparations for deem -
sure from this country. The persistent efforts made
by Earl Russell and Mr. Layard to stifle any dis-
eassion on the Brazilian difficulty—the former on
the plea of public convenience, the
latter
allegation that the question was sett]e d on the
so far successful that they have b k —have been
ur
both houses of Parliament • but ed the truth in
browbeating an indepasa they have failed in
honest esiertion ent power out of the
onslaught upon Greeep l
in !, lts. Since the inierabie
nothing has (incurred the suit of I)rni P,ieifico
on forth nai e in our international policy so
Ministrr Lnglancl, so it, d.
cre 'table to the
yt so opposed to every
Englishman's sense
of what is right., and generous, and
decent, as this
quarrel with Brazil, forced
intemper-
ate and incompetent official.
us by an
oWo have already gone
into the merits of
there are no new
facts to add. Months ago we
traced the difficulty from its origin in the bullying
temper of Mr. Christie and the strange delusions of
his subordinate, to its end in the act of war com-
mitted in Brazilian waters by Admiral Warren.
We published the instructions of the Brazilian Go-
vernment to its minister, and pointed out the pro-
bable results. Our predictions have been, we grieve

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in (21n it*: -T..
e,,
, 7 k?.:
._7c“A5..,,,
7---?tto clay, v---"erified, and the matte as ended 4,,,,-„0_,,,4, k4k# lit
open rupture between two countries which, of • s.,4„!.;,„(ittety;•,-
,4 0..1.
others in the world, have the greatest common ~.T....4,1ttel
,&,,,_;:
of interests, and, one would have thought the f ''c,.„,,---7e-7.4.-71F :/:4
points of difference. We need not go into the fe 4,,f.1.:-ALLNee
of the quarrel again. Had all Mr. Christie's allegir.— isi a S
t.ions been true—and we know them to be utterly*
erroneous had Mr. Vereker's suspicions been
confirmed, there was still no reason why, when
the Brazilian Government proposed to refer the
question to London, Mr. Christie should have
presented an ultimatum no independent power
could submit to, and on its refusal have resorted
to a flagrant act of hostility. For, let it be well
understood, the Brazilian Government did make
this proposal, and Mr. Christie, in rho plenitude
of authority delegated to him by Earl Russell,
arrogently--nay, insolently—declined it. Now,
have we or have we not ei-..e policy for the weak
and another for the strong? Should we have acted
in this manner to France or Russia, to Italy or
Spain, or the United States ? Everybody known
that Earl Russell would sooner have throvivn up
office thfin have committed au act of such temerity,
and that is saying a great deal. Everybody Icrtiws
that Earl Russell would have pocketed the affront
twenty times over had it come from a power to ice!
feared ; and there is no atnouut of forbearance.
towards a state that will fling him back his words,
and can give blow for blow, of which this runaway , :
from Vienna isnot capable. But Braz:l has no navy,
Brazil is an empire still suffering from internal
and arduously clearing its way
through, wounds
delgcluYities, such
r, as never
to a level prwithesentedthe most
them-
selves to any other powe
civilised powers it the Old World. She is at our
mercy on the sea; her internal condition renders
her inoapable. of attack; we may use her ever so
despitefully, but she cannot retaliate ; so the bold
Mr. Christie is set on her, and a British fleet is
despatched to humble and basalt her ; and the pane-
gyrists of_the_Government talk about the pita of
Lord Palmerston and his "spirited foreign policy."
The blow was as cruel and impolitic as it was
cowardly. It was cruel to a Government full of
such generotis aspirations as the Government °Mom
Pedro has shown itself; cruel to a people marching
resolutely in the path of constitutional freedom ;
cruel to the hopes of the whole South American
Continent, which in Brazil, at least, saw a stable
Government,a vigorous progress, an advancing CiTi.
ma
lisation, an increasing prosperity„ it..*jsoli..l.i .
because the merest tyro in politics can or .tee
day when the Possessiett ofirtriend in-Brazil will . .:.... _, _
be of the highest importance to this country ; be-
cause Brazil was rapidly becoming one of the best
markets in the world for our manufactures, at the
same time that it teemed with productions and
necessities of our home consumption; because for
years to bear an English name has been a password
to every hospitality and to the most generous confi-
dence
finally, from Brazilian Government and people; be-
cause,au and
stable t h e
monarchy Brazilian
inGovernment
mi
ds t of w
peaceful
war-
ring and crumbling republics. These things the
Government cannot see, or studiously ignore. A
trua'iped-up case of murder and pillage, of which
there is not even a shadow of circumstantial proof,
a stupiel frolic in which two or three youngsters met
with the treatment they did their best to deserve,
have blinded the eyes of the Ministry to the inte-
oi
3f
rEazniglilaanndm,
iannisdtethr.e r e ;Vet
ri
is
stths
ea nwdi
tthhree
wo ball goa
ft. i otnhse
trust, for the honour of the English Parliament,
there will be some means found to raise a protest
against the policy which has led to this disgraceful
issue, and that foreigners will not have it in their
power to identify the English public with Lord
Russell and Messrs. Christie and Vereker. Lord
Russell has achieved many things during his tenure
of the Foreign-office seaihs, but this is his crowning
exploit. Mr. Adams ought to be in capital spirits.
He may gauge with tolerztble accuracy his lord-
ship's servility to the Government of the United
States by his courageous defiance of the Government.'
of Brazil.
.0*
____
___....

The Suicide of the Lessee of the Strand

Theatre.

Yesterday afternoon Dr. Lankester held an in-
quiry into the circumstances connected with the
death of Henry Valantine Smith, who was profes •
sionally known by the name of " Swanborough,"
and who, on Wednesday morning last, cut his
throat in the water-closet of his residence, from the
effects of which he shortly afterwards expired.
A jury was empannelled in the dining-room of
the family residence, 9, Greville-place, Kilburn.
After they had viewed the body, the coroner called
Francis Musgrave, who said that he lived at the
residence of the deceased, but was no relation to
him. He had lived two years in his family as a
lodger, and was musical director at the Strand
Theatre. He last saw deceased alive on Wednes-
day morning about eleven o'clock, when he appeared
in his usual health, but complained of pains in his
head. He had previously complained of pains in
his head, and for some time paet had been in very
low spirits. He would sometimes sit in his chair
for hours without speaking. The only reason wit-
ness could assign for the act was that the business
at the theatre had not been quite so good lately as
it had previously been. Deceased, however, had
never expressed himself to this effect. He, to wit-
ness's knowledge, was certainly not in pecuniary
difficulties. He had been very eccentric lately.
Some time since he went up to witness's bedroom
and looked in, and then went down again—a most
unusual thing, as he had never been known pre-
viously to ascend even to the second floor. Witness
was so much surprised that he actually got out of
bed and watched if he went to his own room again.
He was a married man, and lived happily with his
wife. He had one daughter, living with him.
Witness had never heard of any insanity existing
in the family. Deceased had never been the same
person, in witness's opinion, since he had had a fit
some six weeks ago. He was by no means a bet-
ting man. Deceased had been deaf for 16 years,
but he seemed to labour under the impression that
he would regain his hearing, and frequently spoke
of it with apparent pleasure. On the day of his
death he ate a very hearty breakfast, and appeared
as usual.

--
Sarah Taylor said she was cook to the deceased.
She last saw him alive on Wednesday morning
about nine o'clock. Two or three hours after that
the housemaid told her that deceased was in the
water-closet on the second floor, and had been there
a very long time, and that the door was fastened.
She went up stairs and listened at the door and
heard deceased breathing loudly. She then made
Miss Swanborough acquainted with what had hap-
pened and of her suspicions. They sent for the
gardener, who forced the door open, and they then
discovered the deceased sitting on the floor with a
razor in his hand. They instantly sent for a doctor,
and witness herd deceased's head until he arrived.
Dr. Cleveland, of the Edgware-road, said ho was
called to deceased about half-past twelve on Wed-
hoanto doe
oact
ah.
inches long, which extended .
hispos tnuerceki n
about the w a
five
g under the left jaw.
cnleossdeat y,
a. t I di{ he ad was
a woundin a s
it
t ii nil
He was perfectly unconscious, and
loss
roiteiasi
eosvfteadit, state of col-
lapse. Witness proceeded to stop the bleeding, and
endeavoured to arouse him from hisths,ctueapsoera, bt uwto hoer
soo afterwards died. He was of opinuivpinornntiting,
had been caused by the shorcykeeanhde
three times
tßimobeiensdsuaridinhge
tlhmedraatsttenydeeadr ;
stuabejecotfedbitlotofilitss of insanity.
briefly deceasednan d
, sal olinkelfyorpearson severe
to b attack t
he said it
s Thes
of Coroner
which then b • summed np, in the
from symptoms he then obse
had cut h had been clearly shown
course
rested N,vith the jury to say what state of mind he
that L'eceased is throat, but it of course
was in at the
time.

The jury", after a short deliberation, returned a
verdict of " Temporary insanity."

.yd
tecTmitalltirnEdsL):aTolEnartGghe:NEßAL " STONEWALL" JACKSON.--•
I.l:u:tuber of g,ntlemen assembled at the
rooms of the Southern Club, Liverpool, for the purpose of
means of expressing their sympathy
with the family of the Mte General Jackson. After some
discussion of a merely conversational eharacter,titow be
agreed to call a public meeing on Wednesday Deal,
.
held in the small concert-rocm of St. George's
eroia
o,r te '8
cuiuml
A Berlin correspondent Vrites:t
Bnieug
the
minim'
crisis is nn the point of breainj °Az., agent of the Bodin
;sod bauk4ig firms of Westphaliti•
__, id to assist as many of
hank has been despatched to t. !in:
ill., eiy support.
the larger firms as can be saved,DY
,a Ointment anti Pills
[ADVERTISEM , .
with sores, wounds, hal
„.--;dilecirilmsl:l7vaarLYrtiiaeol
storila:te'iflr,f7niainliliignftlesitsteedf
should receive aFILTiri
ties by early ultive uaghhosat omfiaoictrhaebrtienetixrnisiti:
et hn
ec
el nt
to s,
an ele
se'n°notir aa yeartt.o Casesclessitnope a s'wysse'at rahonrfod getting ulcerations,
worse whichtind
been going roughly cured by this cooling and healing
have beenliaw all other applications had even failed to give
u,railolloway's pills lend great assistance to the curative
e-- In all chronic and constitutional maladies the
process.
intment and pills act together most harmoniously—both of
o
thew are admitably suited to different habits of life, climate,
and season.

LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 30, 1863.

There is one immense inducement, even for the
most phlegmatic, to join in the cheering which yes-
terday responded to Mr. ROEBUCK'S announcement
in the House of Commons that " On an early day
he would move that an humble address be pre-
sented to Her MAJESTY to enter into negotiations
with the great Powers of Europe for the purpose of
obtaining their co-operation in the recognition of
the independence of the Confederate States of North
America." And that almost irresistible incentive t•
something like enthusiasm in reply to this an-
nouncement, may be found, by any one who cares t•
take the trouble of looking for it among the
series of telegrams just now brought to us from
the American capital of Washington. Changes
in the Federal Adminstration, it will be ob-
served,
are there spoken of. And among
these changes—one reported to be the most
confidently looked forward to, is the installation in
high office, as one of the chief administrators under
Mr. LINCOLN'S Presidency, of no less a miscreant
than the notorious General BUTLER. Once let this
appointment really be made, once let it be clearly
known that the official notification has been for-
mally issued from the White House, nominating
General BUTLER to a Post of Honour (!) in the
Federal Government, and the Powers of Europe will
have had afforded to them, not simply, as one might
say, an excuse for breaking away at last from their
policy of neutrality, but a good and valid reason for
immediately giving to the world evidence that they
have actually done so—evidence as substantial and
unmistakeable as would certainly be a forded to all
civilised men, by the mere fact of the recognition of
the perfect independence, as a separate nationality,
of the Southern States of North America, under
the presidency of JEFFERSON DAVIS as the chosen
chief of the Confederate Government.
Regarded from our point of view the installation
in high office of a man like General BUTLER, must
be regarded as a brand of infamy, deliberately
fixed upon the Federal Councils by the perverse
will of the President. Of all the blunders that
infatuated man has been guilty of, that would
infallibly be the greatest. Until the deed be actu-
ally done, however, it is one of a character so
astoundingly insensate that we must remain incre-
dulous as to the possibility of its perpetration.
Nevertheless, supposing it to be possible, England
would then incontestably have every inducement
to break away, as we have said, from her neutrality'
and, in evidence of this, to respond at once affirma-
tively to the very tempting suggestion about to be
thrown out by the hon. and learned gentleman the
member for Sheffield.
Under any circumstances, the " cheers" which
last evening greeted the announcement made
by Mr. ROEBUCK had about them a very
peculiar and even a startling significance.
Heard only for a few seconds in the House of
Commons, we may be certain of this—that they
will nevertheless resound loudly enough across the
Atlantic for all the American Republicans to hear
them, whether Federals or Confederates. Those
Ls' Cheers," if they hint at nothing more, say at any
rate as plainly as possible this—that the recognition
of the South by England is a question already
mate, on
trembling in the balance ! They • d•
the
part of some at least in the British House of Com-
mons,
a sympathy for the South, and a certain
sense of growing alienation from the North. Upon
the course persisted in by the belligerents out there
at the seat of war, depends very much the decision
arrived at by the House of Commons when Mr,
RoEhucx's motion shall come under discussion, and
shall have led, as we presume it must lead, to a
,division. Even as things are at present, it is only
necessary in order to judge which way
the political
wind blows hither ward from America, whether it
blows from N.W. or from S.W.—to note, upon
called forth in
this morrow of the Cheers
ROEBUCK'S
the House of Commons by Mr.
brief announcement—to note, however casually,
the contrast of painful emotions excited in
the minds of 999 Englishmen out of every 1,000 who
may this day read two items of intelligence in the
latest tidings brought to us from the American seat
of war. Item the first—the one already portion-
), "Heed. The rumoured intention, that is, of Gene-

ral BUTLERS speedy installation in power at Wash-
ington as a member of the Federal Government.
Item the second—the affecting account, given else-
where, from one of the Richmond newspapers, de-
scribing to us in all its afflicting details the ever-
lamentable casualty that struck down the glorious
hero of the South, General" STONEWALL" JACKSON.
Contrast those two men, and you are in some mea-
sure contrasting the two causes
_ . .

General Butler—as a type of the Federals !
General JACKSON—as a type of the Confederates!
The one has passed away amidst evidences of the
profoundest grief and veneration of all his com-
patriots, and in the midst of the sympathetic homage
of all to whom his glorious name and his heroic
deeds had become known far and wide over the
civilised world. Meanwhile, at the mere mention
of the possible elevation to power of the other
General, the Federal General, the miscreant BUT-
LER of Orleans, there is excited, no less far and
wide, a mingled sense of loathing and indignation.

It is so far satisfactory to find that some advance
has been made in the question of Greenwich Hos-
pital. Tho Admiralty have called for returns, and
the officers have been busily occupied in making
them up. Various inquiries have been set on foot,
and the women and children of the pensioners, for
the first time, are taken note of. It has been
most absurdly argued in defence of the corrupt
practices that have obtained, that the Hospital,
which had no accumulated personalty, has now a
capital of more than £2,500,000, and that this sum
is partly accumulated out of the officers' contribu-
tions and partly out of the sailors'. Fronalthis it
has been argued that the officers of the Hospital
have a claim to the large sums that are their pre-
sent portion. This is as preposterous a theory as
could be stated, and the case must be bad indeed
when its defenders urge pleas like this. All sums
given to the Hospital are for the support of the
institution, to further the means of usefulness, and
to enhance its benefits. It would be a mockery of
justice and a prostitution of the name of charity to
allow that such a case could be made out. It is in-
sulting the sense of those who have gone from
among us to suppose that, when they gave to this
noble institution, they intended to bestow the
money upon those unknown individuals who in
future years should succeed him in his
profession. It is astonishing to what
lengths people will go in support of an abuse and
in defence of an anomaly. The depth, the fore-
sight, and the aptitude displayed by such parties
are worthy of a better cause, and would do good
service to many a deserving and oppressed suf-
ferer if they were so employed in his cause. As it
is, we can but lament that instead of acknowledging
the evil that has gradually sprung up, these over-
paid officials should persist in declaring their right
to do so. By such indiscreet and ill-timed persis-
tence they are drawing on themselves all the
obloquy of the proceeding, and incurring the
blame that otherwise would at least have been
divided among those in high places who suffered
this mal-appropriation to take place of the funds
destined for very different purposes. Occasionally
to augment a salary in one particular instance
where it might be deemed advisable to do so, or
in the event of extra labour imposed to make the
extension general, might be all very well, but to
go on gradually but surely raising the receipts of
all engaged in building without any apparent
cause existing, or valid reason being given, is a
gross perversion of justice. To make the case
still worse, the number of pensioners has greatly
decreased, while in an inverse ratio the charge of the
officials has so largely augmented. It is an established
fact that WILLIAM and MARY founded Greenwich
Hospital for the relief of disabled seamen, the sustena-
lion of their widows, and the maintenance and
education of their children. Notwithstanding this
well known circumstance, it is ingeniously urged
that these officers referred to have a right to the
sums they now enjoy, to the detriment of those
unhappy beings who were intended to be the
primary objects benefited. The wives and child-
ren, to say nothing of the widows and orphans,
have a higher claim on a charity peculiarly their
own, than strangers who are able to maintain
themselves by their own exertions. These items
will give an idea of the extent to which the sala-
ries have increased. In 1805 the charge to the
Hospital for officers, clerks, and servants was
£15,700, the present charge amounts to £38,000
for officers, clerks, and servants. In a letter to
the Times of yesterday, Written by the same cor-
respondent who before furnished so able an ac-
count of the abuses of Greenwich Hospital, most
startling facts are mentioned. Tha best advice
that can be given to these persistent claimants in
this extortionate cause is to give up quietly what
else they may be compelled to do in a less plea-
sant fashion. If once the general attention of the
public is drawn to a question, woe betide those
who persist in abuses and refuse to hear the voice
of warning. Perhaps aided and abetted
by some in high places who make duty
subservient to interest, this pretext may
serve for a time to defeat the immediate objects of
justice, but as certainly as they now put off the re-
form so greatly needed, so surely will there be a
day of reckoning, when none of their shallow
sophisms and weak arguments will be allowed to
stand. It is discreditable to the nation that such
abuses should be allowed to exist in an institu-
tion founded for those who, more than any others,
are the defenders of their country in the time of
war, and should, in their old age and necessities,
find a grateful community ready to do them
honour, and further, as much as possible, the
objects of the institution founded expressly for
them. Instead of this, they are to endure the
d oubl e grievance
r
vided for, they
know that more than suffi-
cient to allow them to be comfortable is their inhe-
rent privilege; but they must not have it because it
is deemed expedient that it should be squandered
on the officers supposed to watch over thesorder of
the place. In this case their first care appears to
be to look at home, and enrich themselves at the
expense of those committed to their charge. If
such things are to be, Mr. GLADSTONE might as
well have taken the sum in dispute for the
Income-tax. It would have been of as much
service to the pensioners in the Treasury as it is
now, and then they might have thought it an
unavoidable necessity, instead of a cruel wrong,
inflicted by those who ought to know better, and
wofnheorfouhulasfivleolibnplgirgoved themselves manifestly incapable
o
a theirtinos that trust
devolve and discharging the
upon
them.