The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-14 00:00:00

1.91 c SON, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 14, 1863.

of State for Commerce and Agriculture,
M. ADOLPHE TRIERS being at that time
Prime Minister. Subsequently he was among the
most formidable of the opponents of the Govern-
ment conducted by M. GUIZOT. Although elected
for one of the arrondissements of Paris in 1846, he
still remained faithful to his old constituency of
Ancenis. Instead of finding the political convulsion
of 1848 any impediment to his progrese, he found it
only a fresh starting point. Immediately after the
revolution he was elected representative as one of
the mcmbers for the Loire Inferieure, Directly
after the coup &eta he was chosen (1851-1852)
deputy for St. Girons, and was at once appointed
President of the Corps Legislatif. He became Mi-
nister of the Interior far the first time in July, 1854,
in succession to the now Due de PERSIGNY. He
was named Senator on the 4th of December fol-
lowing. Relieved of his portfolio in 1858 by
General EsrixAssE, he in 1861 resumed that po-
sition as Minister of the Interior, which he held
thenceforth, up to the date of his death, yesterday,
without portfolio. And so, in harness, has just now
passed away from life AUGUSTE BILLAULT, one of
the most eminent and one of the most honourable
among the modern statesmen of France.

Lord NEAVES'S Address on Punishment and
Reformation may suggest some valuable ideas to
the minds of those who have been much perplexed
in their endeavours to arrive at a satisfactory solu-
tion of this vexed question. It would be well, indeed,
if the principle here laid down regarding the object
of punishment and its ultimate benefit, and espe-
cially as concerns convict discipline, were more
fully understood sand more efficiently carried out by
our lawgivers. In reviewing the recent disclosures
which hive been made respecting the arrangements
of the interior of prisons, we may well ask—Where
was the penal nature of the servitude to which the
offenders had been condemned ? With every com-
fort provided for them, with luxuries even supplied
in some cases, with allowances made for imaginary
cases of illness as well as serious indisposition,
where is the discipline which should deter the
criminal from the after-commission of like offences,
and make him dread re-entering the wal:s of the
prison P Where, above all, is the example to pre-
vent others from following the same road, and of

keeping back the incipient imitators of the finished

knave and practised ruffian ? Truly did Lord
NEAVES remark that punishment should never be
made pleasant, and it should not "infer such a
condition of things as an innocent labouring man
would wish to exchange for his own lot." We
know full well that this deplorable and lamentable
state of things has come to pass, and therefore it is
incumbent on all who have to do with the regula-
tion of such affairs to pay particular heed to the
discoveries which are made from time to time on the
subject by those who have given their attention
and interest to the contemplation of its deficiencies
and the plans for its amelioration. The Irish
system has worked well, and its success should be
an incentive to our legislators to make a trial of its
adoption in England. Many prejudices are sure to
start up aeainst it, and divers interests will attempt
to arrest its progress, but that should not be suffi-
cient to stop the introduction of a plan which is
conducive to the benefit of many, and which may
Affect the moral qualities of generations yet to come.
It is a serious thing for the present, and a sad one
for the future, that crime should be rampant among
us, if not exactly "high placed in hall, a welcome
guest," at all events a privileged intruder, and an
uninterrupted visitant in many quarters. Vice is
most contagious in its effects, and its spread is most
rapid. It should be checked in its career,
stifled at its outset, and, so far as it is passible,
xtinguished before it has greatly increased its
votaries. "To carry off as early as possible
hose who are becoming professional thieves, and

teal with them before they are confirmed in their
habits," would be a very good plan if at all practic-
able, and it might surely be rendered so with a little
care and consideration. Long periods of penal rer-
vitude, with the arrangements for conditional remis-
sion to be earned by industrious habits, would be a
decided check to the machinations of those crafty
manouvres, who contrive to spend a very brief time
in gaol and to do very little when there, and so to
return speedily to the scene of their former devices.
The next proposal is perhaps the most important
of all, to " make confinement while it lasts a state
of privation and hardship so far as sanitary consi-
derations will allow." This rigorously carried out
would in itself be almost a cure for many of the

ills most to be deplored at present. There can be
no valid reason adduced for men guilty of great
crimes to be carefully tended and luxuriously ac-
commodated, whilst innocent individuals may be
tyrannised over in workhouses and exposed to great
neglect in many cases, and while virtuous members
of society are left to starve, and see their families
perish from privation. It is high time that this
social anomaly was put an end to, and great credit
is due to those peers and gentlemen who have
come forward this year, and so zealously ad-
vocated the cause of reform in this de-
partment, where it is so much needed.
Lord NEATES' concluding observations are also de-
serving of attention. There is good ground
for the advancement of the plea he urges, that
the poor man oecasionally wants amusement.
It would ba a great point gained if, as is sug-
gested in this address, more provision were made
for the entertainment of the humbler classes, in a
rational, and yet a recreative form. "A good laugh
periodically administered would save a great quan-
tity of alcohol, while it would excite those very
sympathetic feelings which are wanted for regulat-
ing our moral system, and knitting together the
different classes of society." There could be no
harm done at all events by the attempt to obtain
amusement for those who greatly need it, and if it
is not afforded to them in a desirable form, it is cer
tain that they will
that.et
'u e
strtheetch
proceedwork, and tosomer
The very men who
employment of another class. will turn , out tne ringleaders of
mischief, and
prove the
--waives
are the very ones who vett adepts in cunning,
1-. not be
by the cold precepts of a kept in
bounds
—llty and
of usefulness. Any kind of sand the hard routine
sena. ent that affords
the necessary relaxation, and furnishes th
tive excitement without tending to
evil, e impera-
tivemust be
considered as a desideratum, and those
who advo.
cate the adoption of this genial procedure, are the
real benefactors of their kind, and a.• e entitled to
the thanks of the community whose interests they
further.

Lectures and lecturers are among the new fect_
tures of our age. They are not, of course, to be
classed with recent inventions or modern disco-
veries, having been known in one form or another
during a good many centuries. Their present ap-
plication and extent is, however, decidedly a thing
of the time. We have lectures on science, in-
tended to popularise abstruse knowledge; we have
lectures on art and literature, designed merely to
beguile The time of the audience and to display
the
talent' of the speaker; occasional
addresses
by qualified
the ordinary professors on subjects not included in
ary routiav instruction, ore Incoming

very frequent in our schools ; while every me•
chanics' institute, temperance hall, and place of
public assembly, is the scene of periodical dis-
courses on matters theological, social, political,
scientific, and general. There are doubtless a
good many advantages in this form of enunciat-
ing views or imparting instruction. Men will
listen to a speaker when they will not read a
book ; their attention will be attracted by the
animated voice and the expressive gesture, when
their interest would flag over so many pages of
closely-printed type. It is a fact of common note,
that the worst and poorest speech seems infinitely
better heard than read; and it is easier to enlarge
upon a topic, to explain away d fficulties, and to
make things clear to an uncultivated understand-
ing, through the medium of the voice than of the
pen. Some of these refilctions were probably made
by Mr. ROEBUCK before he delivered his address
at the Working Men's Institution at Swanage.
The object of the meeting was the inauguration of
a series of lectures ; and certainly, if the lecturer
succeeds in conveying a tithe of the instruction
which, according to Mr. ROEBUCK, can be best com-
municated in that form, he will be a fortunate man.
The member for Sheffield goes far beyond the rudi-
mentary department of education in his anticipa-
tions. The capacities of the English working men
are, in his estimation, beyond these. A labour-
ing man may have an intellect to appreciate the
higher walks of knowledge, and there is nothing
in his life to debar him from the finer emotions,
says Mr. ROEBUCK, and accordingly the opportu-
nity for receiving such instruction should be afforded
him. But from the mental requisitions the speaker
proceeds to the moral, and in this undertaking there
seems to be more doubt. He would have the work-
ing classes instructed in their duties as fathers,
mothers, husbands, wives, and children. Yet,
though we may question how far lectures on such
subjects would supply the want, there is no doubt
that the lower classes stand much in need of a
sound and practical instruction on matters of every
day domestic life. Furthermore, Mr. ROEBUCK re-
commends the extension of political knowledge
among the masses, in order that they may be able
to value rightly the institutions under which they
live. To his estimation they do not fully under-
stand the advantages which they possess, nor the
wide field that is open to their energies if they once
succeed in qualifying themselves for a better posi-
tion by improving their minds. That working men
are gradually learning the truth thus stated is
proved by a good many instances, and when they
have once steadily applied themselves to the task
of self-education they have certainly given the
friends of progress no reason to despair. A striking
illustration of the increasing intelligence and cul-
tivation among our working men was given the other
' night at Edinburgh. The numbers who attended
the working men's meeting, held in that city in
connection with the Social Science Congress, were
nearly 4,000. Such an assembly proved, in unmis-
takeable form, the deep and general interest taken
by our artisans in the discussion of those social
questions which, at the present day, occupy
to wide
a range. The same meeting, too, showed another
gratifying feature of our present condition, for,
although it was but a meeting for working men, and
other and more learned assemblies were claiming
their attention, some of the most conspicuous orna-
mentsdisdain
of the great social gathering did not
to be present. There were the leaders of scientific
knowledge in Sir DAVID BREWSTER and Dr. PLAY-
FAIR; there was foreign eloquence and ability per-
sonated in M. PAGES; and royalty itself found a
fitting representative in our popular sailor Prince.
There, too, was the venerable President,
whose
career is among our English boasts, fled whose
eloquence and learning had delighted the large
audience assembled at the opening of the congress.
Yet of ail his titles to regard, the one most fitting
to claim the sympathies of the
artisans of
Edinburgh, and the one by which
he himselt
chose to address them, was that of fellow-workmen.
Such an example, though not of course to be strictly
copied by any of those there assembled, yet capable
of imitation in energy, perseverance, and undaunted
more impres.
efforts for the general good, pointed a
sive moral than the most argumentative lecture or
the most impassioned address. The noble lord re
minded his audience of the fact, recently discovered,
and a fact especially interesting and
gratifying to
them, that a scholar often learnt more in six hours
than in twelve—a fact which is most reassuring to
those who are only able to devote detached and tut•
certain hours to study, since it proves that close and
consecutive application is by no means indispensable
to the student if his heart be in the work. The
address of.M. QARNIER PAGES helped to prove to
the men that difference of nation need not neces-
sarily interfere with community of interest and in-
telligence. All these efforts, made in so many
various directions, but all tending to the same end,
must serve to convince the working men that there
is no longer the wish to keep them down, to bar
them from the higher world of intellect and know.
ledge,
but, on the contrary, there exists a kindly
readiness to lend them a helping hand, and to
lessen, as far as may be, the difficulties in their
road.

„
MR. BOLTON CORNEY has printed, for private
circulation, a critical disquisition on the Sonnets of
8 hakspeare. Mr. Corney accepts, of course, M. Philarke
Chasles's interpretation of the dedicatory inscription; and
arrives at a quadruple conclusion with regard to the sonnets
themselves—That they written soon after 1594; in fulfil-
ment of a promise made to Lord Southampton ; that they
are poetical exercises, void of personal history; and that
they were published without the sanction of the author or
of his patrons.—..ePhenceum.
R. MAPLESON'S OPERA COMPANY, with the
important substitution of Mr. Sims Reeves for Signor
Giuglini, and Signor Bossi in M. Gassier's place, has been
giving "Faust” in Dublin, with a success unequalled by
any termer experiment of the kind in the Irish capital.
LORD LYNDIIIIRST'S ORATORY, the limes well
describes as more than usually adapted to the as-
sembly in which it was principally displayed. It was
chaste and dignified ; it might almost be termed cold, so
correctly elegant was the structure of its sentences and so
free was it from raataphor, exaggeration, and ornament. I
Such was the accuracy- and coticinnity of expression, you
might have printed it as it came from his lips, and you
could scarcely have improved it. In the statement of a
case, therefore, it has probably never been surpassed. It
was, nevertheless, eloquence, for it was high, reaching
and sustained; but it was lucid rather than bril-
liant, and, though searching, it was not electrical. It
was the eloquence rather of a great pleader than
of a great orator who carries away violently the
sympathies of his audience ; and, inasmuch as it
was better adapted than Lord Brougham's for the House
of Lords, it was less adapted and it proved less successful
in the House of Commons. But in the Upper Assembly,
through the medium of a marvellous voice and an articula-
tion which was distinct and melodious without appearance
of effort, a spell was cast which will long be remembered,
and the precise equivalent of which may never be heard
again. It is singular, indeed, that his greatest efforts in
that assembly, his famous:§sessional reviews, at first,
fell coldly on his fastidious audience. The idea of his first
summary, suggested to him by Mr. Disraeli, then acting
in amateur as his private secretary, was seized upon by his
keen perception as the right thing at the right moment.
It
in the
in
t thewa country, s, in fact, the first body blow, and was electrical
though it was not in the first instance so effectir©
that unrivalled wasihudougsmeentlu‘'hhiischn never onestoufmmblaen2*
which clearly
at proofsa
crisis,of
prudent venture.
ystapkerecdeived both its own object and its means,
and which
itsN gage boldly in the confidence of a
resolute and courage:
inclined to conciliate, man under heaven could be more
,ufs,,) yet none could be more thoroughly
and was incapable of rancour, In
a sweet and even temper,
others, ho resembled Lord Pal In this respect, as in many
office with his oldest enemy
pathy. For, with a fearless spirit,uht a semblance of anti-
position—flexiblehi to an extent Whiche Wasi flexible in dis-
,°uatnd to the end of that life
man
sawsw h who
principles,
almost unprece-
tidteliaed
life held sub-
lliyn athe
was scusitiYe and sylicit943 for bin horlour,

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

[REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.]

AMERICA.
QUEENSTOWN, OCT. 14.

The Inman steamer, City of Washington, from
New York on the 3d inst., arrived here at 7 a.m.
She brings 152 passengers, and 547,080 dollars in
specie. She landed passengers and mails, and pro-
ceeded at 7.30 a.m.

11.,.............

(Per the City of "Washington—by Telegraph to

Cape Race.)

NEW YORK, OCT. 5 (Evening).

Southern Charleston advices to the 2d inst. state
that the Federal movements indicate permanent
more than immediate operations.
The report that Hooker had reinforced Rosen-
cranz with two corps from Meade's army is con-
firmed.

The Confederates have attacked 111‘111eniville, 70
miles south-west of Nashville; the result is un-
known.

The Southern papers discredit the rumour that
Rosencranz's communications have been interrupted.
Both armies are strengthening their position al
Chattanooga.

The capture of the ship Sir R. William Pool was
erroneously reported. The commander of the Federal
vessel, Seminole, asserts that he captured her in
American waters.

The steamer Herald bas been captured.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Money easy; Gold 441 per cent, premium; Ex-
chant) on London 150; Stocks improving; New
York Centrals 1341; Illinois 128; Erie 108; Six
per United States Bonds 107; Cotton firm and
advancing; Middling Upland 86.

NEW YORK, OCT. 3 (Morning).
No news has been received from Charleston since
the 26th ult.

Southern journals state that Bragg would have
followed up his victory of the 21st ult., but could
not move until supplies came up.
The New York Tribune denies that there will be
any further draft.

It is not known what answer President Lincoln
will give to the Missouri delegation, who demand
Gen. Butler's appointment and a radical abolition
policy in
Missouri. The New York Times urges
the President to pay no attention to their demands.
The delegation was received in New York by the
German republican club, and its policy endorsed.
The New York Harbour Committee report the
harbour to bo in a perfect state of defence. Vessels
passing Sandy Hook would be exposed to the fire
of 800 guns of the heaviest calibre.
The public civilities to the Russians continue.
They are invited to visit Baltimore.
The Boston District Court has restored the ship
Banshee. The steamers Phantom and Arabian have
been destroyed off Wilmington. It is reported that
the steamers Advance and Elizabeth have been
captured. Advices from Nassau to the 26th report
that seven steamers from
Wilmington and three
from Charleston had arrived lately. One of the
latter left Charleston eleven days after the surren-
der of Forts Wagner and Gregg, proving that the
port is not closed.

San Domingo continues in a disturbed condition.
Santiago de Caballeros lied been burnt.
Advices from Belize state that the President of
Guatemala, aided by Nicaraguans, had invaded and
captured Comayaque and Tegucigalpa, in Honduras,
committing atrocities, and banishing the British
consul from Spanish Honduras. The British con-
eul Truxillo had sent for assistance.

The iron-clad Merrimac, No. 2, is in a complete
state of preparation for offensive operations, and is
ying at Jones' Bluff, awaiting the completion of
her consort, the Lady Davis, which has already
received her iron plating, in order that the two
vessels may proceed to Fortress Monroe together,
to attack the Federal fleet stationed in Hampton
Roads.

(By Telegraph to Cape Race.)
NEW YORK, OCT, 6, Afternoon.
Considerable skirmishing is taking place in
General Rosencranz's rear, the Confederates en-
deavouring to interrupt the communications be-
tween Nashville and Chattanooga.
A large number of troops have reached Rosen-
cranz, who has established lines in front of
Chattanooga.
General Bragg is fortifying Missionary Ridge.
The Southern journals contain reports that the
Confederates occupy Knoxville, and that General
Burnside is retiring to Cumberland Gap.
Money easy. Gold, 47 premium. Exchange
quiet and unaltered.

State as well as to the Emperor, whom he served
with equal devotedness, talent, and eloquence."
The following diplomatic appointments have been
made :—As French Ambassador to the Court of St.
James's, M. de Latour d'Auvergne, who will be re-
placed at Rome by M. de Sartiges. Baron de
Malaret will fill the place of the latter at Turin.
The Marquis Ferriere de Levayer will go as Am-
bassador to Brussels, M. Reiset to Hanover, and the
Marquis d'Astorme to Nassau.

The Emperor has addressed the following letter
to Baron Gros :—" At a time when you intended
to retire from public service, your devotion induced
you to accept the office of Ambassador at London.
You have thus acquired fresh rights to my good
will. Circumstances now permit 1115 to relieve you
of this post, but before giving you a successor, I
wisti to say how glad I have been to crown your
long and honourable career by a testimony of my
confidence."

BOURSE, Oct: 13.—The market has been heavy,
and prices show a decline, Threes, for the Account,
being now at 67f. 55c. Railway Shares are also
dull, and in some cases lower. The market closed
as follows :

Italian Loan 73 60
Do. end month 73 50
New ditto .. 73 20
Do. end month....
Russian
Austrian .. B4 75
Spanish Threes 53 25
Home Debt
WAYS.

4t per Cents .. 96
Do. ex d month....
3 per Cents
Do. end month 67 55
Credit Mobilier 1166 25
Do. end month 1166 25
Bank Shares 3340
Credit koneier 1325 -
RA IL

Cash. A.ecoun t.
Orleans
Northern .... 986 25 .. 983 75
New ditto
Lyons and Meditsrranean 966 25 .. 965
Geneva 498 75 ..
Southern
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian
t.nrr hard
North of Spain
Sara;;ossa 615 642 50
Ditto to Barcelona

SPAIN.

MADRID, OCT. 13.

The Budget for 1864 of the Departments of War,
Marine, and the Colonies will show an increase of
80 millions of reals.

TRANSYLVANIA.

HERMANNSTADT, OCT. 13.
The Transylvanian Diet having resolved to send
deputies to the Reichsrath, has been adjourned.
The members separated with cheers for the King
of Hungary and the Constitution of the Empire.

AUSTRIA.
VIENNA, OCT. 13 (Evening).

The Ost Deustche Post of this evening calls for a
Congress empowered to settle the Polish question.
Should such a Congress declare , that Russia had
forfeited all right to Poland, Austria might adhere
to this decision, and even calmly see the approach
of war, as in that case she would only be carrying
out the judgment of Europe.
The Ost Deutsche Post thinks that a Congress
would deliver the Three Powers from the painful
position in which they are now placed, of being
forced to reserve the expression of their offended
dignity during five months of winter, with
the prospect of warlike eventualities in
the spring. A congress would clear up the situa-
tion, would determine what resolutions should be
taken, and might, in case of success, bring about
the averting of war.
The Emperor Francis Joseph returned to Vienna
this morning.

VIENNA, OCt. 9.

The Presse of to-day contains the following
article upon the reported establishment of a Russian
corps of observation upon the frontiers of Galicia:—
" A rumour has been current in the papers for
some days past that the Russian Government is
upo❑ the point of pusting a small army upon the
Austrian frontier. Considering the benevolence
shown by the Prussian journals when the interna-
tional relations of Austria are in question,
It was natural that they should ascribe the
farthest and most momentous scope to this
report. Therefore it was at once announced
that, in the event of Austria not entirely
discontinuing to act with the Western Powers,
Russia intended to move an army into Galicia.
Now, although nobody for a moment seriously be-
lieved the version of the Prussian papers, some
importance was yet attached to the widely-spread
report as a symptom of coolness between Vienna
and St. Petersburg. The peg upon which the
truth of the statement was made to hang was found
in advices received from Warsaw. According to
which, the directors of the Warsaw and Vienna
Railway had been notified by the Russian Govern-
ment to hold themselves in readiness to convey
2,000 men along the line daily, for the next ten
dßys. Granting, therefore, that a demonstrative
assemblage of troops upon the Austrian frontier was
intended, 20,000 men would be the force with
which, according to the Prussian papers, the
Russian Government, would for the present
commence to act against Galicia. The absurdity
of the thing is so flagrant, that we are really at a
loss to conceive how it could be credited for an
instant.

" Apart from this, however, the first questions
that rose to men's lips, upon hearing of an intended
military demonstration of Russia against Austria
were naturally—What immediate cause of offence
has Austria given ? Does the Russian Govern-
ment intend to make reprisals on account of the as-
sistance and support which the Polish insurrection
has received from Austria ? Is it possible that the
Government at St. Petersburg is not acquainted
with the
i smallest details of the comprehensive
measures indefatigably adopted by the Austrian au-
thorities n Galicia to prevent the insurrection in
the adjacent country being nourished from that
province ? Car, the Russian Government be un-
acquainted with the domiciliary visits, the
arrests, the seizure of arms and ammuni-
tion, the numerous detentions of insurgent
bands upon the frontier, which occur almost daily
in Galicia and Cracow? In this respect the Aus-
trian Government has rather merited the thanks
of Russia, and upon this ground it would be impos-
sible to find an excuse for military demonstration,
for there could in no case be question of anything
more. On the other hand, what notions must
Prussian journalists have of the power of Austria,
how mighty must Russia still seem in their eye, if
they suppose their readers can believe Austria
could be intimidated by the presence of one Russian
corps, and be straightway converted to that policy
which found resultless expression in the notorious
military convention of the Bth of February
last'
"The rumour which has recently engaged public
attention, and called for all sorts of appre-
hensions, may then well be regarded as pos-
sessing little foundation in fact. We do not
intend to deny that Russian troops have recently
arrived at the Austrian frontier of Poland, and that
others will probably follow; but should this take
place, we believe ourselves in a position to state
that not the slightest, apprehension is entertained
in Vienna, for the very sufficient reason that Aus-
Erie, has herself to a certain extent given cause for
such a step. The Austrian Cabinet, as we are in-
formed, has replied to the repeated complaints of
Russia that the insufficient guard kept upon the
frontier permitted the entrance of men and wea-
pons from Galicia, by declaring that every effort
was made upon this side to detain such reinforc(-.
ments, in accordance with the stipulations of
treaties and the requirements of the laws of
nations, but that, provided effectual prevention
was not achieved, it must leave the Russian Go-
vernment to accomplish what was required by
military occupation of' its own side of the frontier.
Russia has not waited to be told this twice, and is
now apparently making the arrangements recom-
mended at Vienna. To this has dwindled the much
talked about report of the advance of the Russians

into GlAlicia, and it seems to us to argue a widely
differeut conclusion from the impending outbreak
of hostilities between Austria and Russia."

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.

WARSAW, Oct. 9.

The officers of the Imperial Guard have been
ordered to perform police functions in the city.
Several of them have been detailed to each of the
new districts. They will receive an extra allow-
ance of one rouble daily, and themselves superin-
tend the domiciliary visits, and the arrests in the
streets and houses.

It is asserted that Archiaaowicz, late Governor of
Kaluga, will be appointed to succeed Marquis
Wielopolski as Civil Governor, and that he has
already arrived in Warsaw.

Sinee the 4th of Occtober all the military police
of the city have been provided with muskets, loaded
with bail cartridges.

It is asserted that the settlement of the difficulty
between the Russian Government and Messrs. Evans
was brought about by the Prussian Resident Mini-
ster in 'Warsaw, who, in the interest of M. Ran, a
member of the firm. and a Prussian subject, from
Darmstadt, recommended General Berg to counter-
mand the order for the closing of the factory, and
the payment of the fine of 15,000 roubles by the
proprietors.