The Sun.
London, England, 1863-07-22 00:00:00

PRICE..... -..4d.
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SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TIMES.—In all human affairs there is something
which perpetually springs up to baffle the wisest
calculations and the vulgarest estimates of people
and things. Such is Poland, the ghost that will not
be laid, the burning bush of nationality, the sacred
fire of we know not what political priesthood.
When we have settled to our satisfaction the
balance of power, the rights of conquest, the con-
flicting pretensions of legitimacy and constitutional
freedom, the interests of this or that portion of the
civilised world, and the very great convenience of
keeping thiep just as they art , there rises up, un-
invited and unwelcome, yet not to be banished or
despised, the spectre of a race, or a cause, with a
thousand wrongs that can never be righted. Vain
are all attempts to deal with it by any of the methods
successful more or less in other cases. We have
recognised it in treaties, we have
.befriended it
in diplomacy, we have obtained for it the kindly
intention of Emperors, we have protested
.in its
behalf, and, flying from one mode of action to
another, we have finally made a clean breast of alls
ma
our hearts' longings for it; yet Poland still remains
the Poland of our youth, the Poland of our
fathers
—nay, as the prying student of its annals would
have us believe, the Poland of all time; noble, gene-
rous, national, but utterly impracticable. But what
is that which remains the same for all time, a pure,
impalpable essence, whose evil fate has cast it
among the colossal creations of earthly policy and
convenient wisdom ? The worst that can be said of
Poland—that it is as it always was—is its strongest
plea to the interests of those whose faith is not in
the greatest number of battalions. How are we to
deal with this more than strange element? By the
genius of our own political system and by the tra-
ditions of our fathers we are bound to cherish our
deep interest for what we call an unfortunate race.
That interest is part of ourselves, and is as inde-
structible as the race itself. It rises and rises
again with every fresh struggle on the part of its
object. No doubt this universal sympathy feeds
the vitality of Poland ; and when Russia sends her
Governors and her legions thither, it is to quell,
not merely the conspiracies and risings of a few
millions on the spot, but the instincts of the whole
civilised world. So does Russia confess when
she alleges that Poland would be quiet enough
but for the foreigner, the universal Pole, who
is to be found everywhere, and who pours in
from all sides to countenance, to exasperate, to
assist, and to die. With the local substance Russia
is prepared to deal ; it is the mighty shadow that
disconcerts and baffles her. But what is to be done,
when the Nestor who has taken part in every nego-
tion for Poland since diplomacy took the place of
arms can only claim to have secured a verbal ex-
pression of sympathy from all the nations of Europe
that can sympathise at all, and when Poland's best
and warmest friend can only pronounce a solemn
judgment on the futility of everything that has yet
been done ? It has all been good as far as it goes,
the best in its kind that man could do ; but it has
been done and done in vain. Mr. Horsman describes
the Poland of diplomacy, and preaches a " vanity
of vanities" upon the long series of remonstrances,
from those of the proud Castlereagh to the last
effort of the irrepressible Palmerston. As one
tricked, cajoled, and unfairly beaten, Mr. Horsman
is for sweeping the board clean. The Treaty of
Vienna he reads as a man would read a compact
with the Arch Fiend, when he felt he could neither
dispute it nor stand upon its terms. It is the deed
by which Poland has been made over to Russia,
who with the juggler's trick of two alternate pleas,
benevolent intentions and actual conquest, dex-
terously contrived to meet both present and future
reclamations. So Mr. Horsman treats the docu-
ment as a pitfall which history has proved worth-
less for good, and only powerful for evil. Russia
stands on both a prior and a subsequent conquest,
and only recognises the Treaty as a bond to
which she is ready to give her own interpretation
when Poland has ceased to fight, to act, and to
speak. Poland herself, too, has thrown away the
Treaty. She finds it worthless. What she is
struggling for is independence. Why, then,
asks Mr. Horsman, are the nations of Europe to
appeal to a bond virtually, if not actually, rejected
by both the parties chiefly concerned ? Let Poland
henceforth stand on the ground of Greece, of Italy,
of any noble race ground under the heel of the op-
pressor, trampled, torn, and broken to pieces. This
is his demand, and it is impossible not to read it as
a defiance to Russia which puts her on the level of
Turkey as regards Greece, and Austria as regards
Italy. It is the broad ground of a man who is sick of
a war of words. If the map of Europe is to be rear-
ranged, the new boundaries must be written, as they
have ever been written, with the point of the sword.
This, too, he says, is what diplomacy must end in.
Poland must reappear on the map of Europe, and
diplomacy will never write it there. There is no
mistaking such langaage. Mr. Horsman does not
= condescend to explanation. It can only mean one
thing. We are to forget the story of this century,
and, as men would act if they could combine the
opportunities and impulses of youth with the deter-
mination and experience of age, we are to contest,
by force of arms if necessary, the original partition
of Poland. At all events, such a proposition ought
to be looked well in the face. Are we prepared to
enter upon a course of demands on Russia which
may involve us in a war,not only with her, but with
the other parties to the original partition ? Have
we framed to ourselves the extent of our demands,
the Poland that is to be ; and do we ourselves
honestly desire this mighty medieeval restoration?
There are Poles from the Baltic to the Mediter-
ranean. There are Poles everywhere, and though
they meet to fight, they divide for everything
else. But if we give up the Treaty of Vienna,
we have nothing else to stand upon with Russia
but that wide platform upon which races make
their way, religions destroy one another, and em-
pires are founded. We enter the Conference sword
in hand, ready to throw it into the scale that kicks
the beam. That we may come oven to this, at
some future time, the inextinguishable nature of
this struggle renders too proable ; but we are
most of us prepared to pray for "peace in our time"
on this question at least. If, indeed, the West of
Europe wishes to push its loftier civilisation east-
ward, and to make the Poles the vanguard of pro-
gress, it hardly becomes any organ of opinion to
discourage such a crusade. But let us not drift
into it. Let us not float unconsciously down to the
broken waters, for which our craft is neither built
nor manned. It is good to be a hero, or a martyr,
but not to be beguiled and entangled, one knows
not how, into these romantic expeditions. Great
acts require preparation. They must be done, and
done well; and they cannot be done well unless they
are foreseen and premeditated. The Poles have their
destiny yet to fulfil. Theirs is that keen temper,
and the subtle genius, in which we see the fated in-
strument for the dissolution of huge masses,
tools
creation of new living forms. But these himself
are not to be played with. Mr. Horan. ni
and the
does but draw the scimitar and suspend
prophecies,
head head of the Northern Damocles. atnover the
lie "But let us
rather than urges, an appeal to
Armenia. all sides how
know what we are doing. Weisebeow a single shot
a word may lead to a blow, a
e atn
owb
al
rob,
believe
evle
onet i
Os
ueasy t
htboe,
May deluge a continent with There is a momentum
begin, but not so easy towsop.
even in diplomacy,
alternatives. bwuitshwe do not like e ves
e told di n that the
uhres.faeltvaessaurme
a peaceful natlieVne,
told we are, or to
thens th h
sympathy streng e language of our neisgeehbot
ands of Po-
even our syruP e have obtained
States has land, and that ths; concurrence w
from the European done soldiers' work
for them. Both the partiesin the dire struggle may,
however,
one day taunt
us with the promises which
we never meant to fulfil,
and the cheapness of our
share in the glorious but sanguinary contest. All
we ask and insist on is that we should know what
we are doing. We certainly did not encourage the
revolt. and may ask to consider long and well
whether we should adopt it.
HERALD.—It
,ate on t was nil'
the recent debate
understood after
the Banda and Kirwce Prize,
that no further steps
were to be taken by the Go-
vernment in the matter until Parliament had an
opportunity of discussing the subject with the
Papers
before them. Lord Palmerston's statement
Upon this
liotham peint in answer to Lords Stanley and
I Was 'thought to be so explicit that
evasion seemed to be impossible. A distinct assur-
ance was given by the Prime Minister that the
final decision should be suspended, if necessary, till
neut, session, in order to allow time for the House of
Commons to peruse the papers and express an opinion
on the subject. But it certainly seems, that in Lord
Pahnerston's philosophy, words were given toPrime
Ministers to conceal their meaning. Forty hours
after his lordship's express assurance that judgment
on the Banda and Kirwee Prize should be deterred,
the decision of the Lords Commissioners of the
Treasury was dispatched from Whitehall, and offi-
cially announced to Sir George Whitlock's prize
agents. The letter conveying was not
it is
true, was dated July 14. , but it was not delivered in
St. James's square until the afternoon of Joly 16.
It seems as if there is really a fatality attaching

to this unfortunate prize question.
we have the majority of the Indian C,
by ex parte information, and perhaps
influential persons. It is said that tin
a good deal of what on Friday last wiu
citation going on at the Westminster
long before the accredited agent Of G
lock's force waited- mt - lord -Palm,
official manner, to solicit a fair and op
this case. Then we have the melancholy pi,
nomena of cooked documents, of important sup-
pressions and additions, of interpolated matter, and
non-veracious attestations. Then we have the
unanimous opinion of the law officers of the Crown
overidden by the arbitrary fiat of the Prime Minis-
ter, who it is well known differs in his judgment
from the most able and upright of his colleagues.
And last, not least, we have the distinct and explicit
assurance of the heed of her Majesty's Government,
' formally given to the House of Commons on the
14th inst., deliberately violated. Truly the claim-
ants to prize-money in the days of the old Court of
Chivalry were far better off than we are in 1863
with Lord Pahnerston at the Treasury Board. We
will only add in corclusion, that it is now granted,
even by the apologists of the Minister, that there
ore no circumstances in this case woulds,aodlplsreireerewnha7inanresyedre
mit Sir Hugh Rose, according to established usage
and precedent, to share in the Banda and Kirwee
prize, and that a new precedent must be made for
his special benefit. ' We believe, moreover, that the
facts of the case were erroneously' state in the
House of Commons, for
not
appears that Sir Georgo
Whitlock's division' ootrorganised en any plan
suggested by Lord Clyde by any other Bengal
authority, but was altogether organisedbef by Lord
Harris, the governor of Madras
commu-
nication reached him from thedirected
ileafe oedf
Govern-
ment; that Sir George Whitlock
under the orders of the commander
India, and that his march upon Banda
by the personal orders of the Governor General. In
short, all the important statement of the friends ofn
Sir Hugh Rose have been shown to be essentially
incorrect, and Sir H. Rose himself has never ven-
tured to put forth a claim in a direct and formal
manner. The papers, however, are now to be
placed before the House of Commons, and it is for
Parliament to declare whether this question has
been fairly investigated and honestly decided, or
whether it is a case which imperatively demands
a fair and open examination before some judicial
taibunal.
____.---------

MANSLAUGSTER AT LIMEHOUsE.

Last evening Mr. H. Rallies Walthew, the de-
puty coroner, resumed an adjourned inquest at the
Crown Tavern, Narrow-street, Limehouse, respect-
ing the death of John Godden, aged 50 years, who
died from violence inflicted by a man named John

Harrington, a coal porter.
The deceased was a labourer onboard the Guernsey
stone ships in the Regent's Canal Dock, Rateliff.
On the night of Sunday week, about 11 o'clock, the
deceased was standing at the corner of London-
street, when the man Harrington came out of his
house and addressed the deceased, whom he knocked
down with great violence with his clenched fist.
Several of the neighbours went up to the spot and
remonstrated with Harrington at his brutality,
when h© threatened to serve them the same, ex-
claiming, " Any man that calls me a - Irish-
' man, if I can't fist him I will boot him." The de-
ceased was raised up and conveyed home by a police
constable and a sailor, who placed him upon the
floor of his room. He remained in a state of uncon-
sciousness until the following morning, when Mr.
M'Andrew, the surgeon of Limehouse, attended,
and prescribed for the deceased, who never rallied,
and died on Thursday last.
Several witnesses proved the violence, and spoke
as to the general conduct of the man Harrington,
who was the terror of the neighbourhood.
Mr. M'Andrew, M.R.C.S., said that the deceased
was in a state of insensibility. He had since made
a post ,Horton examination of the body, and death
was the result of fracture of the base of the skull
and effusion of blood on the brain. The injury was
caused by external violence.
The Coroner read over the voluminous evidence,
and summed up the chief points of the case, after
which the jury returned a verdict of " Manslaughter
against John Harrington for killing and slaying
John Godden."
L The Coroner then made out his warrant for the
committal of the accused to Newgate.

THE CAPE OF GOOD EOPE MAIL.

PLYMOUTH, Tuesday.

The Union Company's steamer Roman, with the
above mail, arrived here this evening. Her dates
are Table Bay, 20th ult. ; St. Helena, 28th ult. ;
Ascension, 2d inst. She brings 67 passengers,
among whom are Lord Sandys and the Hon. P. De
Roubaix.

The Cape Parliament, although it had been 64
days in session, had done little beyond voting the
estimates. The votes for the police and gaols were
reduced by about £16,000. A motion declaring that
the time had arrived when the establishment of a
responsible or party government was expedient and
necessary, had been discussed for three days. Most
of the members of the greatest parliamentary expe-
rience and influence were for the change, but it was
known that a numerical majority of members would
record their votes against it. The government had
meinLained perfect neutrality in the matter. A
vote of censure had been passed on the colonial en-
gineer and the chief commissioner of the works de-
partment for extravagance and inefficiency in con-
structing public works. The governor had offered i
to remove Mr. Scott Tucker (who is now
n England
on leave) on a handsome retiring allowance, and to
alter the management of the public works depart-

ment.
proposal for purchasing the
11in ton Railway had been re-
ferredselectrllltr:omnigittee. The proposed new
had gone no further than the
Capel The
e Towntgoova e ra nn
n a
d e
prepare careful
ihteebniseteiinsnigates for the guidance of the empowered to to
railwaysGuorlveeryns 1
na
next
year.
.The Assembly had refused to
expenditure of £4,000 per annum for
a trigometrical survey of the colony.
gauisTtlhaheurirseew2eanther continued fine, with frequent
showers.
There had only been one severe gale
Pasturage
falling
i
and i
adnudrinpgrotvhiesiwonhsople winter,lentifu npsriaebeu. abundant,
Business wss dull, and money scarce. The banks
were unable to discount even first-class paper.
The Gorgon had arrived with news from Zam-
besi. Dr. Livingstone
was about to proceed to
Great Lake Nyassa. At the University Mission,
River Shire, the Rev. Mr. Scudamore was dead.
Animal food was so scarce that it was feared the
missionaries would not be able to remain there.
All was quiet on the frontier. In the free State
the movement in favour of re-annexation was ex-
tending. Negociations were pending with the ob-
ject of bringing Basutos under British rule.
The Odin arrived and left on the 30th of May
for Portsmouth. The Osprey arrived and sailed for
China.
The Roman made the passage out in 30 days, and
home in 31 days.
Her mails have been landed and forwarded to
London by to-night's mail train.

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