The Sun.
London, England, 1863-09-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATEIRDAY EVENING, SEP TEMBER 19, 1563.

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.

(From the Special Correspondent of the Times.)
CRACOW, Sept. 14.
Lelewel's defeat appears to have been a most
disastrous affair. It was reported here, a few days
after the affair that though Lelewel had been either
dangerously wounded or killed the detachment had
not been destroyed, that the chief command had
been given to Gregowicz (who led the Poles at the
little affair of Szklary, close to Cracow, fought on
Easter Sunday), and that it still held its ground.
The sad truth is that not only Lelewel himself but
also two-thirds of his officers fell in the battle, and
that the detachment in general, after much hard
fighting, was dispersed with great loss of life. The
bands of insurgents which enter Russian territory
from Galicia meet, if they pass the frontier, under
evidently unfavourable circumstances, with the fate
of Jordan's and Wysocki's detachments, and are
beaten back forthwith. If, however, they are very
determined, and are very well led—for numbers
seem to have little to do with the matter, and Pro-
vidence in this war has not always been on the side
of the gros battalions—they fight their way into the
country, and then, at last, the gros battalions really
tell upon them. Jezioranski, after gaining a vic-
tory, with undisciplined but most devoted troops,
at greater odds than the English army had to con-
tend with at Inkermann, had the opportunity of
withdrawing into Galicia without getting cut to
pieces, and availed himself of it. Bat Lelewel, like
Langiewicz, after his last march from Goscza
against the Russians, had gone too far into the
cwwo
iautsnh t
binr
eyu
cot o be
much
tahe as
able
retiring
m e to
etnghddeaiiaeretiregained
quietly;
Ipsaeosdtsthi
eatoivtfoenor af.yl Langiewicz,
one
npHanun :a the
nor, indeed,
hni
eeidsnz:lraemaxseit
threeept tbhaattt Ll
eaa,n ga
ni edw
at
ctz
to flight. Lelewel, however, like Langiewicz,
was kept fighting for three days in succession, and
after third found himself hemmed in by greatly
super
beateniotrbneumbs.
Russians,
er
asHad he on this la
Langiewicz
z beatst themoccio
asant
Grochowiaka, his men must have fallen asleep,
perhaps even died of exhaustion the day after-
wards. The poor fellows had not only to combat
the Russians, but also to resist the inevitable de-
mands of nature, and it is not wonderful that they
at last succumbed. On the 3d, immediately after
his entryfrom Galicia, Lelewel defeated theßussians
in fair fight, though it will of course be said that
they retreated for strategic reasons. Probably they
would not have retreated had they been victorious,
but at the same time it may have formed part of
their plan to let the celebrated leader, if they could
not overcome him in a first engagement, penetrate
into the very heart of their position. However
this may have been, on the 4th and sth, when the
Poles were congratulating themselves on the admi-
rable suecass with which their daring anal seemingly
invincible chief had taken his 800 new men across

the frontier, and were speculating hopefully as to
the numbers of the united forces under his command,
on both those days Lelewel was struggling to escape
from the Russian web, in which he was already entan-
gled, and on the 6th he was fighting a hopeless bat-

tle for his life. Lelewel was one of the last of those
officers who joined the insurrection at the very
beginning, and he may have been conscious that,
with the exception of Langiewicz, he had rendered
greater services to it than any other leader. He
fell sword in hand, receiving two bullets in
the body almost at the same time, and died a
death which was not only glorious but happy
and enviable as compared with the death that
has befallen so many of his fellow labourers
in the same field ; such as Cieszkowski,
wounded, and afterwards slaughtered as he lay
upon his sick bed ; Padlcwski, taken prisoner and
shot ; Frankowski horribly wounded and left for
dead, then recalled to life, imprisoned for weeks in
the Warsaw citidal, and ultimately shot ; and the
unhappy Sierakowski, wounded, captured, half-
cured in the hospital of Wilms, and then dragged
to the scaffold to be hanged like a criminal.
The loss of the greater part of Lolewel's detach-
ment and nearly all its arms is probably not such a
great blow to the insurrection as the loss of Lelewel
himself. Other chiefs as good as he will no doubt
arise; but they cannot all at once gain the prestige
which attached to his name, and which inspiredsuch
confidence to his followers and such fear to his ad-
versaries that with a very small body of men—if
they had only eaten a little and slept a little the
day before--he could cut his way through almost
any number of Russians. I am told, but hava no
particular reason for believing, that on the morning
of the 6th Lelewel had 1,400 men under his com-
mand, and that the force immediately opposed to
him included one regiment of infantry, several squad-
rons of cavalry, and six pieces of artillery. However
many troops may have been present on the Russian
side, I am perfectly sure that my informant did not
count them. The public hare seem to expect the
newspapers to speak out without hesitation as to the
number of combatants engaged in battles of all kinds
and the expectation of the public on this point is
seldom disappointed. The truth is, nevertheless,
that the insurgents are seldom able to form any just
numerical estimate of the forces opposed to them,
and their calculations often vary according to their
own particular temperaments. One large-eyed man
sees a whole army where his comrades see only a
regiment. On the other hand, a man who is
anxious to avoid all exaggeration will sometimes
reckon the number of troops with which his detach-
ment has been actually engaged, without taking
any account of these held in reserve. Thus I have
heard the same force estimated at 500 and 5,000
strong.

It seems certain, however, that in this last battle
of Lelewel's cat non was employed. It is remakable
how little use the Russians have hitherto made of
their artillery. They have seldom brought guns into
action at all (for fear, as the Poles will have it, of
losing them), and have never done much damage
with them. I am assured that scarcely half a dozen
men have been touched by cannon shot since the
beginning of the insurrection.
Among the officers who fell in the action of the 6th
was a Hungarian gentleman named Nyarri. Nyarri
was at Kabylanka with Jezioranski, to whom he
acted as aide-de-camp ; and before Radziwilow with
Wysocki, who had appointed him to a command in
the cavalry. In Nyarri the insurgents have lost one
of their bravest and most brilliant cavalry officers,
and a man who fought as earnestly for Poland as if
Poland and not Hungary were his native land.
On the very day that the news reached Galicia of
Lelewel's defeat and death Waligorski crossed the
frontier and entered the Lublin palatinate at the
head of a large detachment. Why the Curiatii sys-
tem of fighting is deliberately and systematically
adopted by the Poles cannot well be explained. One
band enters, a second follows as soon as the first has
been destroyed, while a third hesitates about sup-
porting the second, and perhaps finds it judicious in
the end not to go in at all. May Waligorski fare bet-
ter than his predecessor, and Waligorski's successor
better than Waligorski himself is likely to do !

IMMENSE WASTE OF PETROLEUM AT ROTTER-
DAM.—A correspondent of the Grocer writes from
Rotterdam on the 15th inst, :—" During the last few days
the holders and speculators in petroleum have been thrown
into a state of the utmost consternation and excitement—
amounting almost to a panic—by the announcement—which
turns out to be perfectly true—that the surface of the water
in tho river and canals is covered with petroleum, that
must have escaped by leakage. During the months of
May, June, and July, large quantities of this commodity
were imported hers, and duly stored in the bonded ware-
houses of this city, without showing the least sign of leak-
ago of the casks. But it is nowescertained that there must
have been a frightful quantity escaped, for not only are the
rivers and canals covered with it—as above stated—but it
has penetrated into the wells, and impregnated the water in
them with a most disagreeable and unpleasant taste. Not
only is there no good water to be had for drinking, but the
populace expect a general conflagration of the city from the
incautious application of a lighted candle, or even a match
falling into tho water anywhere. Every holder of petroleum
is naturally afraid that his stock has severely suffered from
the leakage. The price of the article has already risen 20
per cent. in consequence, and a further advance is confi-
dently expected, as it is now well ascertained that the leak-
age amounts to 40, 5C►, and in some cases even 60 per cent.,
which will entail a severe loss on the holders. An exami-
nation has been made, but though not pet completed, enough
has been ascertained to show that the liquid sunk deeply
into the ground underneath the warehouses where the casks
were stored, and then spread out in a lateral or horizontal
direction till it escaped into the water, on the surface of
Which it is still seen floating,

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

DONCASTER RACES-FRIDAY.

The Don Stakes of 50 sous each, h ft, for 3-yr-olds ; colts,
Bst 101 b ; fillies, Bst 71b. Last mile. 10 subs.

Mr. E. Brayley's Tom Fool ................ (Cowley) 1
Count F. do Lagrange's Jarnicoton .....,(A. Watkins) 2
Betting-9 to 4on Torn Fool, who waited upon Jarnico•
ton to the half distance, then went to tha front, and won in
a canter by a length.

Match, 300 sous, h ft, Bst 101 b each, Red house in.
Lord Glasgow's Brown Bess colt ( Mdcroft) 1
Sir J. Hawley's Beloochee .................... (Wells) 2
Betting-4 to lon Lord Glasgow's colt. The pair can-
tered to the bond, where the actual race commenced, the
favourite having a slight lead, which he kept to the end,
and won easily by half a leagth.

The Town Plate (handicap) of 100 83V3 for 3-yr-olds and
upwards. Red house in.
Colonel Towneley's Hubert, 4 yrs, 7st 51b (Buck) 1
Mr. Watt's Newmarket, 3 yrs, 7st (Loatea) 2
Mr. J. Osborne's Maid of the Mist, aged, 6st 101 b

The followin also rant— (Carroll) 3
gWaterwitch, Black Lily,
Entremet, Calabria, Stockowner, Cadiz, Creole, Sauterelle,
Queen Elizabeth, Manrico, Cistercian, Weatherspy, Mar-
mion, Littlecote, Merry Maid, Michael Scott, and Man-
chester,

7M
taßotinelt.tcaiegn:gtl-2Q6tuoet 0e1124
agst
Elizabeth,each
Cadiz, t Wloloatotoettiowe
48i MerrytccahhgasagtnBßtdlLacittt
to 7 each agst Creole and Newmarket, 100 to 6 each agst
l c o
Lily,3t al
andodo
Hubert and Entremet, and 20 to 1 agst Marmion.
Hubert, next to the rails, got away in front, and with
Queen Elizabeth, Cadiz, Merry Maid, Waterwitch, and
Maid of the Mist, made strong running
to the distance,
where he had all his followers beaten, with the exception of
Maid of the Mist and Newmarket. At the stand the latter
joined the Maid, and headed her in the next stride, but
failed to reach the leader, who won very easily by a length ;
three lengths between the second and third ; Michael Scott
was a bad fourth, Sauterelle fifth, Manrico sixth, Merry
Maid seventh, and Cadiz next ; Littlecote, Queen Elizabeth,
and Marmion were the last three.

The Doncaster Cup, value 300 sous, for 3-yr-olds and up-
wards; weight for age, winning penalties and maiden

allowances. About 2 miles 5 furlongs.
Mr. R. C. Naylor's Maccaroni, 3 yrs, 7st 71b (in. 71b ex.)
(Challoner) 1
Mr. T, Valentine's Queen Bertha, 3 yrs, 7st llb (in. 31b ex)
(11. Covey) 2
Capt. Lane's Blue Mantle, 3 yrs, 7st .... (J. Grimshaw) 3
Mr. H. Goater ns Golden Pledge, 3 yrs, 7st (T. French) 4
Lord Glasgow's Rapid Rhone, 3 yrs, 7st (3ar. 7st lib)
(Doyle) 5
Mr. R. C. Naylor's Drummer Boy, 4 yrs, 7st .. (Perry) 6
Betting-2 to lon Maccaroni, 6to 1 agst Queen Bertha,
8 to 1 agst Rapid Rhone, 12 to 1 agst Golden Pledge, and
100 to 7 agst Blue Mantle.
- -

Golden Pledge made the running at a strong pace, fol-
lowed in Indian file by Drummer Boy, the favourite, Blue
Mantle, Queen Bertha, and Rapid Rhone, in which order
they came past the stand. Oa approaching the hill the pace
slackened and the lot got upon closer terms, Drummer Boy
taking up the running for the purpose of leading the favou-
rite, Golden Pledge going on second, Blue Mantle and
Rapid Rhone lying up. In this way they ran to the Mac-
caroni, side by side, being next, with Queen Bertha and
Red-
house, Where Queen Bertha became third, with Maccaroni
in her rear, and on reaching the bend Golden Pledge and
Blue Mantle dropped away beaten, and were joined by
Drummer Boy, which left Maccaroni with a slight lead
of Queen Bertha. The pair finished an interesting race
home, the Derby winner landing his owner's colours in
clever style by a length and a half ; a bad third.
The Doncaster Stakes of 10 soya each, with 100 added, for
3-yr-olds; colts Bst 71b, fillies Bst 31b ; certain winners
extra ; second received 50 sovs out of the stakes. Last
11 mile. 48 subs.
Lord St. Vincent's Lord Clifden, 9st 31b (inc. 101 b extra)
(Osborne) 1
Mr. I'Anscn's Borealis, Sst 31b (Challoner) 2
' Mr. Hudson's National Guard Sat 7th (Snowden) 3
Col. Towneley's Newehurch, Sat 31b
(Ashman) 4
Fiancee also ran.
Betting-2 to lon Lord Clifden, sto 2 agst Borealis, and
12 to 1 agst any other.

Borealis cut out the work, attended by Newchurch, Fi-
ancee, and National Guard, with the favourite lying 1-11:1•
On rounding the Red-houso turn Lord Clif'den ran through
his horses, and at the distance took a decided lead, winning
in a canter by half a length; a bad third. Fiancee was
beaten off and did not pass the post.
The Scurry Stakes of 5 83VS each, with 50 added, for 2-yr-
°lda and upwards; weight for age, with selling allow-
ances. Red-house in.
Mr. Jackson's Prescription, 2 yrs, sst 11Ib (£5O)
(J. Grirnshaw) 1
Mr. J. Osborne's Orphene, 2 yrs, sst Illb (X5O) (Carroll) 2
Mr. Cht.ncellor's Salvioni, 2 yrs, sst 11lb (L3O) (Mordaa) 3
Lady Derby, Cosette, Marmion, and Jack's Alive also
ran.

Betting--2 to 1 agst Salvioni, 7to 2 agst Orphene, 4to :
agst Lady Derby, 6 to 1 agst Marmion, and 8 to 1 agst Co.
Bette. _

Narmion, Salvioni, Orphene, and Lady Derby ran in
front to the distance, where Lady Derby and Salvioni were
beaten ; Prescription then joined the leader, and the pair
finished a close race home, Prescription winning cleverly by
half a length; Salvioni was a bad third. The winner was
sold to Mr. Morley, and goes into Basharr.'s stable.
Annington,
The Nursery Plate of 200 sovs, for 2-yr-olds. Last mile.
Mr. C. Winteringham's Harvest Mell, 7st 121 b
(Snowden; 1
Mr. Merry's Crisis, Est 91b (Covey) 2
Lord Westmoreland's Annington, Est 71b ( \toms) 3
The following also
Lraandy:,—deLTardayff:rfd,CKoavperuhaacni Coverham,
cllaystl,d.saioltuelsgeiyn,a,ODrprh.
Orphan, Lady
Antoinette, Lady Mary, over_
the distance,
C hLaaldyy.
distance, where
Nvlkialeelrle
beate, Bittern, Greville, Gazehound, Oneida, Alice Leigh,
aad Eleanor.
7 tßoelttainggst—E9letaon2ora,gBstwAllicaeoLsteiligha,rv6etsot Imaegisi,t
Antoinette, 10 to 1 each agst Gazehound and Lady of
Coverham, and 20 to 1 each agst Lady Mary and Bittern.
Some half-dozen unsuccescsfruilsiast,teimnpctosmprpeanceyde9dwtith:ela4catlu'icasetl
home, Harvest Mell
!sot! Annington was a bad third;
start; when the flag fell,
fine
eaa
yd
racev
uanp cat 1 ofe
Leigh, Gazehound, Moulsey, and Annington, got away in
fwrohnert,ethceriostihserdsrefowlloswilignhgtlywidely spread, to
Annington drew forward, but never had a chance
of reach-
The pair ran together to
dhaali
iwnigntnhinegleaattielrass,twbhyoafi:
Lady de Trafford fourth, Lady Hylda and Antoinette fol-
lowing next, succeeded I'y Lady Mary and Moulsi.n The
others were widely spread, Chalybeato and Elm:.
or being
the last two.
The Park-hill Stakes of 50 soya each, h ft, for 3-yr-old
fillies ; Bst 101 b each ; the second received 100 sovs out
of the stakes. St. Leger course. 32 subs.
Mr. Boyce's Fantail ................... (NV
Mr. W. I'Anson's Bonny Bell ....... . Boyce) 1
..
........ (Challoner) 2
Baron Rothschild's Canace .......
Mr. R. E. Wilson's Bohemia .............. (Osborne) 3
Sir J. Hawley's Columba ................... -
s ....... Mi )
ler°lmall.
t)
‘)
4
Amelia also ran.
Betting—Even on Fantail, 4 to 1 agst Bonny y 8011, and
6 to 1 agst any other.
The favourite made PlaYI followedby Amelia,
a, Canace,
and Bonny Bell to the road, where Amelia dropped back,
and her place was taken by Bonny Bell, who finished a
close race home with Fantail, the latter winning by halt a
length ; a bad third.
A Sweepstakes of 200 soya each, h ft, for 3
-yr-olds ; colts,
Bst 101 b ;fillies, Set 51b. St, Leger course. Five subs.
Lord Glasgow's Rapid Rhone
(Aldcroft) w.o.

Match, 300 sovs, h
ft, Red hour© in.
Miami f
Lsiorrdj.Glasg
Hawley'sw' 5 f received

LORD CLIFDEN AND MAci,
is more than pro-
bable that these two celebrated horses will again test their
thrown out a challenge to other. Lord St. Vincent has
,aogoaolnsat
de
jasctharouotte the
of Da emr bi
lye
and winner,a h half
fr
or eithertw o
Doncaster or York Course.
:47:0008:0 overo merits 4
either the D

A SAVING OF A MILLION ON A PUBLIC IMPROVE-
MENT.—The necessity of opening ont an improved
so avoiding the dangers and delays of a journey through
e
streetsghfer from Oxford-street to Shoreditch, and
of the City has long been perceived ;
ltaihnnode crowdedc
atohnrg tuhe
Plats for public improvements of Mr. Mar-
rade, the late superintending architect to the Metropolitan
Board of Works, was
one to make an improved and direct
street from Oxford-street, by way of Hart-street, Liquor-
pond-street, Clerkenwell-green, and St. John's-square, to'
Old-street, St. Luke's, and on to the Eastern Counties
Railway Station at Shoreditch; but the cost, estimated at
£1,099,550 nett, has hitherto, and will continue to prevent
its being carried out. Just at the present time a most
favourable opportunity
offers itself for commencing the im-
provement of another line of thoroughfare in the same direc-
tion, but at an immense saving of money. Elm-street,lead-
ing out of Gray's'illn-road to Mount-pleasant, and thence
to Exmouth-street, Clerkenwell, is a narrow-street in which
two vehicles can scarcely pass, and on the greater part of
the foot-pavement it is impossible for two pedestrians to pass
without ono of thorn
the danger of lif-a,erathehatrvai to
Igo tforamstenpmonnibthaseacaa,rrniaegaveywawyag.
gone, cabs, and other vehicles being so great. The south
side of this street is separated from a narrow court by 11
houses. At the present time six out of these 11 houses,
which aro freehold, aro announced for sale by public auc-
tion, and as their annual rental amounts to £250 their cost
may be pretty nearly estimated. The removal of these six
houses, and of the remaining five, would make a fine wide
thoroughfare, very convenient for the great traffic passing
through it, but it might also form the commencement of
an improved line of thoroughfare between the east and west
ends of the metropolis, as to the eastward there is already a
direct line of streets leading from it to the City-road,and to
the westward. It would require but the removal of a
dozen houses or FO, to extend Little James-street to East-
street, and East-street to Great Russell-street, leading to
the corner of Tottenham-court -road and Oxford-street,and
the carrying out of this improvement, instead of the first-
mentioned, would effect a saviog of upwards of £1,000,000.
—City Press,

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TlMES.—Cardinal Wiseman has delivered an ex-
cellent lecture on " Self-culture" before the members
of the Hartley Institution at Southampton. Amidst
the present superfluity of lecturers, most of them
showing and communicating book information only,
this lecture stands oat and has a character of its
own, as obviously giving the experience of
an eminent man upon a question which
touches everybody's interest and curiosity—the
important question how he is to make the most

himself. The Cardinal evidently let us a
tie into his own personal history, into his own
work of intellectual self discipline. lie is certainly
one of the men of the day : he has attained a high
position, ho is a man of varied and wide powers, a
literary man, a scientific man, a linguist, a man of
the world, an ecclesiastical leader, an orator. All
this makes a considerable whole. And this, too, of
itself is another of the Cardinal's powers—that he
has contrived to make a whole of himself. He has
not separated into parts and fragments, or gone off at
a tangent upon this or that favourite point. He has
evidently a horror of this tendency in human nature;
it is one of his great cautions. The moment a fa-
vourite thought begins to haunt the mind, when it
returns again and again with new vigour, and
the mind takes a pleasure in gazing upon it, it
should be checked without a moment's hesita-
tion, and cut away." Cardinal Wiseman has not
been run away with by this tendency, but has subor-
dinated all his great gifts to the attainment of an
effective position, enabling him to wield a great
authority and influence, and establishing him as the
representative of a powerful communion. A lecture
from such a man on "self-culture," which evidently,
gives his own experience of the process of self-direc-
tion and self-management, the rules which he found
necessary to impose on himself, and the checks he
put upon his thoughts, or the stimulus and force he
applied to them, according as the case might be—an
explanation of such a process and work of inward for-
mation from so successful and eminent a man, and
one of the workers of the day in his own way and
calling, raises a real interest and commands atten-
tion. Anybody who wants to make the most of him-
self, and thinks the Cardinal, as he undoubtedly
is, a good authority on the subject, will be curious
to know his Eminence's rule and methods. Even if
he discards his Eminence as an authority on religi-
oils questions, he will admit his great weight upon
this important practical subject. The rules, then,
which Cardinal Wiseman gives for the individual's
management of himself, control of his own thoughts
and imagination, and guidance of them into proper
channels, are excellent, and evidently come with the
stamp of reality and experience upon them: They
are entirely free from pretence, and are as simple,
as plain, and as stern as rules can be. They allow
of no subterfuge, but are real lessons of discipline.
The lecturer begins with drawing a most N ivid
picture of that perpetual stream and current of
thought in the human mind which is the subject
matter of disciplinarian treatment,—its electric
versatility and slipperiness, its indomitable flow,
its vivacity, and its susceptibility to every call and
image, and liability to slide into endless barren in-
consecutiveness. How is this current to be arrested
then, and turned into fixed channels ? How is
this quick element of thought to be mastered, made
to go in one direction, stopped in others, fixed on
one point out of a thousand, made to rest upon it ?
The Cardinal replies that a force is to he applied to
it, and that it is the force of the will. He takes
the subject into various departments, and shows how
the highest and most successful Self-culture cannot
be carried on without the cunstant use of this force,
either as checking or propelling. It is a very true
penetrating lesson. We must, however, remark,
to begin with—and it is a remark the truth of which
we are sure the Cardinal will admit without any
reluctance—that the lecture's standard on this sub-
ject is a very high one—too high, we fear, for the
mass. This is a lecture which is addressed to the
few, not to the many, though it was delivered to a
crowd. How many of that crowd, we should like
to know, would follow the Cardinal's rules for one
single day without a weariness which would leave
them yawning for a fortnight afterwards? How
many could follow them for one day, or one morn-
ing ? A mind here and there, that knows its own
strength, is aspiring, and has resolved to attain a
position and make itself felt, will feel its chords
taruck by a master hand when the Cardinal lays
down his laws of Self-culture. Such a mind will
intuitively see the truth of his rules, and their bear-
ing upon the proposed result, and will estimate the
amount of the ordeal, and not think it too great a
sacrifice for the prize. But it must be frankly con-
fessed that to the ordinary human mind there is
nothing so hateful as this control of thought—this
dissevering thought from this, fixing it upon that,
making it rest and, in short, do whatever is wanted.
It is an odious process to nineteen-twentieths of the
human race. 'Choy can by a great effort, and when
circumstances compel them, apply this control—
when, for once in a life, a trade has to be learnt, or
a language learnt, or when some momentary act
has to be done. But as for their
_sustaining as a
constant every-day work this rigid mental discip-
line, which requires this most slippery element of
thought to be fastened in a succession of vices all the
day long for life, they would as soon make up their
minds at once to live in the stocks. It is impossible

for anybody to go through such work as this, ex-
cept he has, together with great strength of will,
an overpowering motive for it, either a religious
or a secular one—a determination to gain some
great object either for himself or for society or a
community. Create a motive strong enough,
whether it be a great position for the individual
or some vast improvement for mankind which
kindles a permanent zeal, and it is astonishing
what a yoke persons will submit themselves to.
But to quiet persons, who are content to live and
die like their neighbours, the Cardinal's picture of
Self-culture is rather terrific. This constant wrest-
ing, twisting, bending, and griping of that electric
material called the human mind is formidable.
Among the instruments of torture found in the
Tower in Elizabeth's reign" was a cell called ' Little)
Ease. It was of so small dimensions and so con-
structed that the prisoner could neither stand, walk,
sit, or lie down at full length." The rigorous con-
finement of the mind within the grooves of con-
stant successive acts of attention would be a per-
petual " little ease" to certainly the largest and
perhaps not the least worthy part of mankind ; and
they will be, we are afraid, very indifferent pupils
of the Cardinal, and attain but to an inferior form
of Self-culture. There is another remark that we
will make on the Cardinal's scheme of Self-culture,
besides the complimentary one we have just made
on its high standard. The lecturer's scheme per-
haps hardly makes allowance enough for the advan-
tageous pursuit of particular ideas by persons whose
natural genius leads them into particular regions of
thought. It is true such persons are not perfect
wholes; but there isa kind of erratic and eccentrics
type of thought which though it makes the indi-
viduals one-sided, is a benefit to the community, by
the magnificent products of these divergent sub-
terranean passages in the great mine of in-
tellect, A great deal of the highest inspiration in
art, poetry, and philosophy has something akin to
the erratic. The Cardinal looks upon particular
ideas laying hold upon minds too exclusively as
only an illegitimate " indulgence" in fancy, and as
the source of " monomaniac." It may be this, and
often has been ; but yet if we were to try to make
everybody an harmonious whole, to construct him
with proper proportions, and to forbid solitary
flights and fancies, we should be cutting off one of
the richest sources of the elevation of human nature,
and the expansion of human literature and
philosophy.
HERALD.—Though the season may be dull, and
news rare, there is no need just now for ingenious
reporters to invent, as they are said to do, those
marvellousstories ofshowers of frogs, big hailstones,
and little fishes, to enliven during the autumn the
columns of journals which are half-starved for want
of intelligence. There is another kind of shower
to occupy us ; it rains diplomatic dispatches. In
Poland during the last two months men have been
fighting, bleeding, and dying. In London and
Paris, in Vienna and St. Petersburg, during the
last two months men have been writing long letters
about Poland. If we supposed that all this
diplomacy had had, or could have had, any
result at all, any tendency to mitigate the horrors
of this bloody civil war, wo should regard this cor-
respondence in another light altogether. But we
know that it has done no good, and it is quite clear
that it never could have done any good. It would
have been far otherwise if the letters of the eloquent
spokesmen of the Three Powers had been understood
to herald an active intervention on their part in the
affairs of Poland in case of the non-compliance of
the Russian Government with their demands. In
that case either Russia would have yielded without
further parley, or she would have resisted, and the
war would have assumed European proportions, to
the immediate relief of the insurgents now in arms.
As the Powers had no intention of going to war
this voluminous correspondence was but a waste of
ink and paper at the best. Worse than this, it has
given the Russian Government an opportunity of
administering a rebuff to the would•be triumvirate
which must be felt as a national humiliation by
France, England, and Austria. Russia has, in fact,
told the Powers that they would do well to mind
their own business, and leave her to settle her own
affairs in the manner she thinks best. The answers
of Prince aortschakoff to the first collective repro-

sentations of the other diplomatists were dispatched
about the middle of July. It took them more than
a fortnight to get over this letter, which was of a
trenchant and rather uncompromising character.
Russia admitted the necessity of reforms, and pro-
posed to carry out in her own way, and at her own
time, the engagements of 1815. Meanwhile she was
intent on the "pacification" of Poland, which means
the putting down of the rebellion. She declined the
proposed conference, and refused to agree to the
armistice. At the beginning of August Lord Rus-
sell and M. Drouyn de Lhuys sent their answers.
The reply of Count Rechberg was dispatched on
Aug. 12. Austria had to make answer to a separate
proposal addressed to bar for a convention of the
Three Powers engaged in the partition of Poland.
Count Rechberg very properly declined to accede to
this. In other respects the dispatches are so much
alike that they were evidently concerted. Each of
them insists on the right of the Powers which
were parties to the Treaty of Vienna to consult on
the right interpretration of the stipulations of that
treaty. They cannot do this with any effect so long
as Russia declines to confer with them. Each of
the despatches dwells on the propriety of concilia-
ting the Polish people by the immediate grant of
reforms. The difference between them and Russia
is, that they consider that these reforms should be
promulgated at once, while Russia holds that the
insurrection must be put down first. M. Drouyn
de Lhuys puts the matter more pointedly than Lord
Russell, and makes wider and more controvertible
statements. He loses in strength of argument, just
as much as he gains in vigour of style. Thus he
says that the " agitation' in Poland is not revolu-
tionary; that the entire Polish nation is connected
with the insurrection; and that a wide system of
concessions would satisfy all. He has stultified his
cause by a series of reckless assertions which will
be very easily confuted by Prince Gortschakoff. M.
Drouyn de Lhuys goes further, and to save his re-
putation, and probably to escape the criticisms of
the French journals, ventures upon something like
a threat. " The Cabinet of St. Petersburg," he
says, "in claiming absolute independence for its
resolutions, leaves us entire liberty in our own
judgment and conduct. We will avail ourselves of
this liberty of action." This is the kind of way in
which children talk to one another when they are
angry. Lord Russell was foolish in rendering so
much useless advice, when he di3 not intend to fol-
low it up by deeds. M. Drouyn de Lhuys is more
foolish in darkly hinting at the coercion of Russia,
when he knew that nothing of the sort will be
undertaken. The despatches of the three Foreign
Ministers conclude with the same intimation that
Russia, for having declined to act on their advice,
is to be held responsible for the continuance of
troubles in Poland. This involves the assumption
that if she had followed that advice those troubles
would have been at an end. They must be san-
guine men if they believe this. The Poles do not
care about " autonomy," they want complete inde-
pendence. The position of Russia is very easily
understood. How can reforms be granted to a
people that declines altogether to' be governed by
Russia? The reply of Prince Gortschakoff, sent-
to Baron Brunnow on the 7th of this month, is so
complete an extinguisher for Lord Russell, that he
will want a period somewhat longer than his usual
holiday to recruit his strength this autumn. The
Russian first disarms and then tranfixes his oppo-
nent with dexterity which would be ludicrous could
we only divert our minds from the terrible business
which is the occasion of all this correspondence, ani
of which we do not choose to lose sight. Prince
Gortschakoff observes that in his last letter he made
certain overtures which were dictated by his polite
desire to arrive at an understanding. He has read
Lord Russell's observations is reply, and has to
regret that these overtures do not seem to have
attained the end which ho proposed. The parties
have changed places, Lord Russell being now the
recusant and incorrigible, Prince Gortechakoff the
conciliatory and humane, the latter follows up the
advantage. As it is apparent that a continued dis-
cussion would only further establish the divergence
of their views, " it would be too contrary," he says,
" to our conciliatory disposition for us to prolong
it. But now comes the unkindest cut of all. "We
believe," he continues, " that in this we are not act-
ing at variance with the sentiments of the Principal
Secretary of State of her Britannic Majesty." Lord
Russell, more than any one, is tired of the business,
and wishes he had never entered it. He has taken
up a hot coal, and wants to drop it. Prince Gorts-
chakoff will considerately allow him to unclose his
fingers. He then proceeds to pour balm over his
wounded feelings. After all, they are agreed on
essential points, " at least, in intention." Lord Rus-
sell does not always express his meaning. He de-
sires the tranquillity of Poland and the repose of
Europe. "We entirely share in this desire, and
all that depends upon us shell be done to realise it."
Prince Gortschakoffthen expatiates on the good and
beneficent intentions of his august master. Lord
Russell has been let off this time, but he would do
well, he is told, to be a little more careful in future.
He talks of responsibility, and all nations have a
responsibility in their mutual relations. The Em-
peror of Russia has constantly respected the prin-
ciples of public right and international courtesy.
" He has the right to expect and to claim the same
respect on the part of the other powers. To use an
expression of Mr. Seward's, we should say that it
• would take Lord Russell some time to " digest"
this note, which is rather a tough morsel. We do
, not think he will care much about prolonging
the correspondence.

WILLS AND BEQUESTS.

(From the Illustrated London News.)

Thewill of Field Marshal the Right Hon. Colin Campbell,
Lord Clyde, G.C.8., K. 5.1., D.C.L., was proved in her
Majesty's Court of Probate on the 7th inst. The executors
and trustees are thus described :—" Major-General Henry
Eyre, 98th, now commanding Governor, Chatham; Lieut.-
Colonel Archibald Alison, C. 8., formerly my military
secretary while Commander-in-Chief in India, and now
Assistant Adjutant-General, headquarters, London; Col.
William Montagu Scott M'Murdo, C. 8., Aide-de-Camp to
the Queen; and Lieutenant General Duncan Alexander
Cameron C. 8., 42nd, now commanding her Majesty's troops
in New Zealand." The will and two codicils are dated
May 23, 1863, and a third codicil July last, signed "Clyde,
F.M." There are many legacies to officers and personal
friends. To Sir William Mansfield he leaves the sword
presented to him by the city of London, together with the
document conferring upon him the freedom of the City, and
that Sir William (whom he wished to have appointed as an
executor had not his official duties prevented him from act-
ing) should be consulted as to what papers, if any, should
be made public; and, should any memoir of himself (Lord
Clyde) appear, which he would rather did not, it should be
limited to Hart's " Army List," and be simply the recital
of the services of a plain soldier. His lordship's personal
property was sworn under £70,000. To hie sister, Miss
Alicia Campbell, his lordship leaves an annuitj of £l,OOO,
and divides his real estate and the residue of his personal
estate between her and General Eyre, leaving also to the
general and his family many specific bequests. Lord Clyde
died Aug. 14, 1863, at the Government-house, Chatham,
aged 71.
The will of Major-General William Dunn, R.A., of
Inglewood House, Kintbury, Berks, was proved in the
London Court under £140,000, the executors and trustees
nominated being Mrs. Margaret Duncan Dunn, the relict,
and William Hew Dunn, EN., the son (who, being in
his minority, a power is reserved). The will is dated
August, 1860. There are the following charitable be-
quests :—To the Royal Berks Hospital, St. Mary's Hos-
pital, Paddington, Field-lane Refuge, the Society for Pro-
moting Christian Knowledge, Leeds Infirmary, Society
called "London Beyond the Borders," to each is bequeathed
the sum of £lOO ; and to the poor of Kintbury, Berks, and
the poor of Chapel Town, Leeds, legacies of £so—free of
legacy duty.

A Miss Bateman, who has obtained some cele-
brity as an actress, will shortly appear at the Adelphi.
THE KINGDOM OF LILLIPUT.—The reigning
Sovereign of Anhalt-Dessau-Kothen, who has ac-
quired all the territory of the duchy of Anhalt-Bornberg
in consequence of the late duke dying without male issue,
has issued a proclamation announcing his accession. The
duchy of Anhalt-Dessau-Kothen-Bernberg contains about
150 square kilometres, with a population of about 170,000
souls, and supplies a contingent of about 2,000 men to the
federal army. The whole dukedom is completely surrounded
by the Prussian territory, and will, in all probability, be
absorbed by that kingdom at some future day. The Dads
remarks that among the many illustrious scions of the
House of Anhalt was the Empress Catherine of Russia.
The present duke is 70 years of age, and is now in the 46th
year of hie reign.
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