The Sun.
London, England, 1837-10-05 00:00:00

KYAN'S ANTI-DRY-1 OT PROCESS.

In our last, we directed our readers' attention to an in-
stance of the perfect efficacy of this process in preserving
timber, canvass, and. twine from decay, as exhibited in the .
specimens at the North Dock, by Mr. Lane, the engineer.
We have ourselves since examined these specimens, and
several others which Messrs. Ord had placed in a cellar be-
neath their office in Sunderland-street, aboUt the same time
(April last). From a very attentive observation of these
specimens, we are bound to say that more convincing
facts cannot be exhibited to the eye of man to impress
conviction upon his mind than are presented in these
cases, in proof' of the efficacy of Kyan's process in the
preservation of woody fibre. The prepared specimens, in
every instance, retain their perfect colour and stre rgth,
while those which had not been prepared, exhibited every
stage 'of decay, and, in some instances, were re-
duced to a dark mould. An unfavourable impression has
been made upon the minds of the shipbuilders and owners,
by a report which has been circulated, of the effect 'of the
process upon the iron fastenings of ships. As the subject is
of the utmost importance to the shipping interest, we shall
briefly notice the origin of this error, and its refutation. A
ship called the Samuel Enderby, was built of prepared oak.
She was employed in the whale fishery, in the South Seas,
and was absent nearly two years and a half, the greater
part of which time she was within the tropics. During
her voyage in such a hot climate, it was needful almost
daily to throw large quantities of water into her hold to
prevent the casks from shrinking, which, of course, pro-
duced an atmosphere of excessive humidity. On her re-
turn, she was carefully examined, and several of her planks
between the water lines were removed for that purpose,
but not one instance of the least appearance of even inci-
pient decay could be found, although the. stanchions and the
beams were formed of green oak fresh from the land. But
as the iron bolts were somewhat corroded, some misjudging
persons, overlooking the obvious causes of oxidation, viz.,
abundant moisture acting in conjunction with gallic. acid,
aided by high temperature, have imputed this effect to the •
preparation the timber had undergone. The probability of
such an effect being produced by the process, has not only
been denied by Messrs. Enderby, the owners, but also by
Professor Faraday, upon scientific principles, who ascribe it
to the action of salt water and the gallic acid in the oak. A
convincingproo.r that these gentlemen Were correct, soon after
presented itself on a eurvey of the John Palmer, a ship
which had been laq;ely repaired with prepared timber, and
was out 3 years la the same scies. We quote that part.of
themenieranduei a survey, which relates to our present
subject, as given by the urvcyors themselves. " Seirer!il
iron-bolts and nails were driven out, all Of which were in
excellent condition, and we noticed that in that portion of
the nett which was in the plank which had been saturated,
the iron tvas less ant•eled by rust and wear and test tha.ti
the remaininq part of the same belt which had been lodged tn
the timber that was not saturated." Thus, has this injurious
opinion, which has bad the effect of retarding for awhile,
the adoption in this port, cf one of the most important
in-
ventions of the age, been refuted by an appeal to the highest
I scientific authority and to facts.—Sunderland Herald.

The Earl of Egremont was in town last week, and
so well as to be able to mount his horse without assistance.
Sipce then his Lordship has returned to Petvvurth.

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SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

In our brief notice of the Third Report of Com-
missioners under the Poor-law Amendment Act, on
Tuesday last, we confined ourselves to a statement of
the proportion which the parishes formed into union
bear, with regard to the population, to the un-united
parishes. The Report embraces a number of parti-
culars of great public interest. The Commissioners
apply themselves, among other subjects, to the consi-
deration of the question, how far the provisions of the
Act can be carried into effect in the case of a general
cessation of employment in the manufacturing districts.
They maintain that " on no occasion is a strict adhe-
rence to principle more necessary than on any failure
of employment in a manufacturing district." The
first case in support of this position adduced by them
is the general strike of the workmen engaged in the
Potteries in 1836, when about 30,000 persons
were deprived of their usual mode of subsistence
during ten weeks, and of these at least 7,000
during twenty weeks. About 5,000 of the ope-
ratives were maintained from their own funds, and
the remainder had no other resource than the
poor-rates. Great numbers of workmen were
thrown out of employment against their con-
sent:were ready to work, but could not, be-
caus , from the peculiar nature of the manufacture,
every branch of it must Tro on simultaneously. The
guardians were informed° by the Commissioners that
they considered " that no able-bodied applicant should
receive out-relief as long as there remains room in the
workhouse. Next to relief in, the workhouse, out•
relief in kind is best ;jind, therefore, where the work-
house is full, at least three-fourths of the relief to the
able-bodied should be given in kind." The Commis-
sioners, after quoting extracts from the reports of the
guardians, " consider that they only discharge
.
their duty in stating that the Poor-law Amend-
ment Act has worked most: beneficially in this
manufacturing. district, and -that it has enabled
the guardians to meet a crisis,;and pursue a course
both humane to the destitute and preservative
of the rights of property, and thus rendered a sea-
sonable and invaluable service to the parish.'
The next instances are the manufacturing coun-
ties of Stafford, Nottingham, and Leicester, which
had hardly been formed into unions before the
interruption of the American trade produced a
cessation in the demand for labour more sudden
in its approach and more extensive in its opera-
tion than has been known on any former occasion.
With respect to the Leicester district, they say the
relief of the necessitous persons " is proceeding, if
not satisfactorily, owing to the want of adequate
workhouse accommodation, but in such a way as to
avert the main pressure of the distress under which
the population has been so extensively labouring?'
But it is in Nottingham that they conceive the experi-
ment to have been most successful, and that under as
trying and difficult circumstances as can at any time
he expected to occur. In Nottingham the guardians
hind premises in addition to the ‘workhouse ; but the
Cuountsaioners, though of course they prefer in-door
labour, observe that " the out-door labour test is the
same in principle. In both cases a man's time is
taken in exchange for his maintenance, and he must
be withdiavvn from the motks of gaining subsistence,

in order to test the reality of his present want and des-
titution." The great point is to prevent the mixing
up wages and relief, the effect of c hich is to lower
wages generally, and degrade the workmen. On this
subject the following excellent observations arc made
by the Commissioners—too much attentio❑ cannot be
paid to them :
The persons employed were paid by the pies,, and vi-
gilantly supofintended. Nothing ap-
pears to have been more clearly proved in the experience
of such cases as this of Nottingham, than that no payment
should be made either fr7.m subscribed, funds, or from the
poor-rates, in the shape of allowances to make up wages ;
an error of this, kind was committed during a period of
ccanmercial distress which occurred a little before the close
of the late war, when a number of parishes commenced
manufacturing hosiery, in order to employ the frame-work-
knitters, although stockings were already sold at such low
prices as to be ruinous to those who made them. As this
example is both curious and pregnant with instruction, we
think it right to give it. in detail.
" It was thought right by the parish authorities to em-
ploy the paupers at their own trades ; the parish purchased
cotton, and manufactured goods, which they afterwards sold
at a loss of fifty per cent., or more. 'These goods being
brought into the market, necessarily reduced the price of
labour for that description of article, and the consequence
was, that it immediately effected a large reduction in the
men's wages. In the frame-work knitting trade it is cus-
tomary for the master workmen to take front the hosier or
other manufacturer a number of frames, for which they pay
a weekly rent. In times of depression of trade s the
interest of the hosier to keep the frames going and he
14;1! give a partial employment to the work-„ of these

frames. If the workmen can obtain the Pid of parish al-
lowance, his employer will obtain his frlme-rent, and thus
be enabled to keep his workmen together at the expense of

" The efforts which were thus made to relieve the dis-
tress had the evident tendency to increase the cause of it,
namely, production beyond the demand, and in this man-
ner both to prolong its duration and aggravate its intensity."
The Commissioners further refer, in proof of the
soundness of their views, to the case of the Mansfield
Union and to the Unions of Nuneaton and Foleshill in
Warwickshire, and the district of Spitalfields. In
Lancashire and the Westl Riding of Yorkshire there
had been already an approximation to the system of
the Poor-law Amendment Act; but the Commission-
ers show that that system has been greatly improved
by the extension to those districts of the provisions of
the act. We could hardly have believed that in Wales
jobbing in cottages was carried to the extent it appears
to have reached. In many districts of the principality
cottages not worth 11. a year yielded to the proprietors
the double of that sum through the rates. In the agri-
cultural districts it is now almost universally admitted
that the bill has been productive of unmixed benefit.
The following extract from a statement made by the
Board of Guardians of the Eastry Union (Kent)
speaks volumes
We have practical, the best possible of all proofs, of
the return to more industrious habits, and the practice of
forethought ; that value is given to character ; that the
labouring classes are really and truly benefited by the
alteration, rather than oppressed, as some would fain have
it believed, by this absolutely necessary change; obtain-
ing more independent employment for themselves, as
proved by the actually diminished, indeed, as respects
this union, totally extinct, item of out-doer relief to the
able-bodied, for when this union was first declared in
April, 1835, the number of able unemployed labourers
drawing the maintenance for themselves and families from
poor-rates in the 26 parishes then comprising this union,
was 497 ; whereas the number of able-bodied labourers now
subsisting on the poor-rates in the 30 parishes, including
Deal, and the three parishes of Sandwich, since added to
this union, having out door relief is none ;' and the
number of able-bodied male paupers in the union work-
house is only 5. The amount of expenditure for out-door
relief the year ending 19th June, 1835, in the 26 parishes
originally comprised in this union, when the new Poor-
law commenced operation, was 10,6651. ; number of
paupers at that period 3,609. The amount of expendi-
ture for out-door relief in the same 26 parishes during the
year ending Christmas, 1836, was 2,9761. ; number of
paupers at that period, 519. The total of expenditure for
in-maintenance in the several workhouses, the year end-
ing 19th June, 1835, in the same 26 parishes, was 2,7271. ;
number of inmates at that period, 233. The amount of
expenditure for the in-maintenance in the union workhouse,
charged to the same 26 parishes, the year ending Christ-
mas, 1836, was 1,0041. ; number of inmates at that period
175. The amount of annual payments by the parishes,
for illegitimate children, was fully 3001. There is not now
a single instance of payment for illegitimate children I The
amount of poor-rates collected in the same 26 parishes the
year ending 25th March, 1835, 16,9601. The amount cf
poor-rates collected in the same 26 parishes, in one year,
ending 25th December, 1836, 8,965/.!
The poor in the union workhouse are as provided
for : their diet is wholesome, substantial, at the same time
fully sufficient. Their cleanliness is a matter of great con-
sideration ; they receive the utmost attention, when need-
ing it, from the very able medical gentleman who superin-
tends the medical department. Their clothing is su:table ;
their moral and religious improvement duly attended to ;
and their general comforts most indubitably exceed by far
what they could possibly enjoy elsewhere.
44 The,childrcn of both sexes are reared and trained in
a manner far surpassing those of independent labourers,
ig well attended to, having both schoolmaster
trot, and are properly instructed, both mo-
,usly ; thus imbibing habits the reverse of
probably hare possessed them, had they
,Morning Chronicle.
ier evidences of the unbounded sway

now and since the last accession of Lord Melbourne
to the Government, exercised by the Irish rebel faction
over that Noble Lord, his disreputable colleagues,
their purblind partisans, and humble followers, we
have to notice a speech by one of the very blindest of
those partisans, and most abject of those followers,
delivered about a week ago, at what was nicknamed a
" reform" dinner. With respect to the materiel of
that dinner, little, we apprehend, is known beyond
the single and somewhat curious fact, that long
after the cloth was taken away, a calf's head
hashed still occupied a portion of the table, but
whether intended for third course, devil, or what
other form of bonne bouche, no intelligence hath
reached our office, nor as to the merit of the dish itself,
save that the greater portion of the company pro-
nounced it to be ill-cooked and insipid—the usual ap-
pendage of brains moreover being altogether wanting.
The speech referred to was spoken by Lord Ebring-
ton. There are those who might think that any fur-
ther allusion to it was unnecessary—not such is our
opinion. His Lordship has been for years a trained
camp-follower of the Whigs. He has now with the
Whigs themselves been absorbed into the service of
their common master, although for convenience and
fashion's sake he calls himself a volunteer. The
pass-words of O'Connellism are, however, distributed
among all alike ; the gabble of the faction may be
I picked up from one who is shut out from its mysteries
and recesses ; and gabble systematically circulated
even through such channels as Lord Ebrington shows
now and then how the wind blows. Lord Viscount
Ebrington lockers over the men of Ilfracombe, in re-
turn for the civil reception which he boasts of their
having given him on his entrance into their town, by
"assuming" the said reception as a " proof that they
continued to entertain the same great political pin-
! ciples which first recommended him (Lord Ebrington)
to their notice." He proceeds with his hypothetical
I panegyric on the Ilfracombers, by telling them that in
the reception he had experienced from them " you have
paid a well-merited tribute of praise to, in my opinion,
the best Administration which, in my recollection, has
ever swayed the councils of this empire," The wise
land self-satisfied hanger-on of faction proceeds to
assert, that this unrivalled Administration has his
I support, because, adapting its measures to the wants
and feelings of the people, so far as they can be
practically carried into effect, it has steered a wise
, temperate, and judicious course of improvement."
IVery unfortunate (poor Lord Ebrington) for your
reason (he is a wise man that has a reason, and a
rash man that explains it),—very unfortunate, that the
obstacles to.vards cairying into effect those measures—
so well " adapted to the wants and feelings of the
people' "—should arise from the people themselves,
who have taken the first opportunity afforded them, by
an appeal to their suffrages on a dissolution of Parlia-
ment, to spew the world that they feel no such wants
and no such wishes as those to which the Melbourne
Cabinet have so skilfully " adapted their measures ;"
in fact, that they will have nothing to do with the mea-
sures thus tetilerly adapted to their wants ; for this elo-
quent panegyrist and able supporter of the "best Admi
nistration" which in his opinion ever ruled Great Britain,
acknowledges in the very next sentence that the people
of England set so little value on the opinion of the camp-
follower Viscount, and on the paternal "adaptations"
of his patrons, as, in spite of the latter being the Mi-
nistry, and having the whole power of Government at
their command, to have sent to the right about niany
of those who voted for that Ministry in the last Par-
liamer.t, and to have sent into the House of Commons
in place of them as many staunch opponents of the
" want and feeling" Administration. Lord Ebriocr-
ton, while pi aising the popular spirit of the Minillik-
rW m!asores, so far admits the notorious unpopularity
of their perseus, as to state broadly that the numbers
of those who vote with them in the House of Com-
mons have been diminished by the last election. But
this, it seems, is the. " best of all Administrations"
known to history. Lord Ebrington is one of those
high-minded conformers to the policy of an existing
Cabinet, who are ready with their spaniel praise on all
,great and prominent occasions. We think we recol-
Je-:t the Noble Lord being a Member of the House of
Commons in 1834. He was so, to the best of " our
recollection." What was
.his conduct then? It is
a fancy of ours when idle time—which is not often—
befalls us, to cast an eye now and then over the pages
of die Annual Register. That useful an'! uncompro-
mising publication for the year .I_S'f,4l contains a short
statement of the secessiPn of Lords Stanley and his
friends from the Grey Ministry. This produced a
sort of crisis as is well known ; to dissolve which
?risis after a manner of his own, and in which no
Whip,- camp follower has ever come near him, Lord
Viscount Ebrington, says the annualist, " got up an
address to Earl Gray, signed by a great number of the
Ministerial adherents in the Lower House, entreating
his Lordship to retain his place, and expressing their
unaltered confidence in him as the only Minister on
whom the country could safely repose." This, mark
ye, was the express language of the camp-following
Viscount of the year 1834. Lord Grey was at that
time the " best possible Minister ;" now Lord Mel-
bourne.. Let Sir It. Peel be once fixed in his stir-
rups, and who knows ? What, then, were the political
sentiments of Lord Grey, as stated in his reply to the
address of this all-admiring Viscount ? Was it a Mel-
bourne answer—or an O'Connell answer—or an " adap-
tation to the wants and feelings of the people" answer ?
Not at all. It was a Grey declaration, wherein that Noble
Earl deprecated strenuously as an evil the "constant and
active pressure from without," and the " adoption of
measures, the necessity of which has not been fully
proved, and which are not strictly regulated by a
careful attention to the settled institutions of the
country both in Church and State." Whatever may
have been the merit or demerit of such language at
that period, it was at least the language of that Mi-
nister "on whom alone," according to Lord Eb-
rington, " the country could safely repose." It was
not such language as has ever since fallen front the
lips of him whom Lord Ebrington now proclaims to
be " the best Minister that ever swayed this coun-
try." It was not the language that has ever at any
time been employed by Mr. Daniel O'Connell, who
does escape without one fragrant whiff of adulation
from our incense-puffing Viscount. After a passing
glance at repeal of the Union, which Lord Ebrington
tells his hearers he opposed, he continues thus :
But " when Mr. O'Connell and his followers limit
their object to what I in my conscience believe to
be but common justice (I !)—when they ask only
what we enjoy, and what, let it be remembered, we
promised Ireland when the Union.was effected—l say
when they limit their views within so reasonable a
compass, I will not be deterred by any apprehension
from demanding—ay, and from demanding as loudly as
Mr. O'Connell himself, the concessions to which I
conceive Ireland is most justly entitled I 1 I" Hoyty,
toyty, most obstreperous echo of a Viscount. If you
be net crazed, you are something worse, we guess. It
is not one month since Mr. Daniel O'Connell an-
nounced, among his other " reasonable-compass" de-
mands upon the people of Great Britain, the downfall
of the -House of Peers—the total abolition of the
Protestant Clergy's right to any subsistence whatever,
but such as shall depend upon'an annual rote of Par-
liament I—and such a Corporation Bill as shall make
the lowest rabble delegates of municipal power, under
the most ferocious of a greedy horsewhipping priest.
hood But these, it seems, are no more in Lord
Ebrington's estimation than " common justice to the
people of Ireland"—privileges promised at the Union !
Good bye t' ye, my camp-followinee.Lord—you may
bid farewell to the representation of° North Devon.—

While participating, in the feeling of exhaustion and
disgust evinced by our Liberal Contemporaries in day
by day refuting and exposing the multitudinous and
monstrous LIES of the Tory press, we must in justice
acknowledge that there is something amusing in the
frauds and fallacies it attempts to pass upon the public,
which, like the knavish dexterity of Filch, in the Beg-
gar's Opera, compels us to laugh at, while we con-
demn, the exhaustless deceptions practised against so-
cial interests and public credulity. No one who has
seen the knave draw from his cuff, his neck, and his
knee, the produce of his professional avocation, but
must be struck with the striking similitude of the
frauds which the endless mendacity of the factious or-
gans pour forth from every pore of their system. Lie
after lie follows eaeh other with as much celerity, as