The Sun.
London, England, 1863-01-30 00:00:00

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tacky more especially, will unequivok si
The Governor believes that the majority o, teTbople
of all the States are as heartily opposed to
tionism as to Secessionism.; that they are thoroughly'.
aroused to a cense of the danger that threatens their
constitutional liberties; and that they will in good:;
tima come to the rescue. Until that day, which he_
asserts to be near at hand, the people of Kentucky
will maintain their previous position, "and stand like
a massive wall between exasperated sections," J.
protesting against the Presideut's ProclamationLi
and reaffirming the • great principles of American
liberty, both State and national, which declare that:
the question of Slavery is ono for the local States
alone, and with the settlement or management of
which in any shape or way the Federal Govern-
vmeernutorlirfnidiortewtbe
,ormaalltsessaeizig
i•usehtttst,owttvesrofee.
iroves Go -
thv
negro that on "Thanksgiving-day" be-accepted.an
invitation to dine With a black man employed as-a-
messenger in the State-house, and took his Aidete":
Camp in full costume to grace• the party, is of course
in favour of the President's Proclamation, servile
war included. He asserts that the alumni of all the'
Colleges of Massachusetts so thoroughly approve,
the war that Harvard College sent 430 of her gra-.;
duates and undergraduates, Amherst Coliege 159,,
and Williams College 111, to defend the Union on
the battlefield; but he says nothing of the 900,000.
soldiers who he promised should swarm .south i ward
tofightthteheeroebEinele4ti
rebels as soonas the;
ip
on , of the;
slaves. Perhaps, however, Mr. Andrew is of opinion
from
President New Eshngoullaan d
decree
that the real proclamation is yet to come, and r•tha
'the emancipation, immediate and unconditional:
all slaves, whether they belong to rebels or to tiun
men, is requisite before the imagination of the youth
of New England can be excited to the fighting
point.- - However this may be,-Massaphusetts, so far
from fulfilling the• promise of her Governor, 'has
sent but 60,000 men to the war, and to • raise these
was compelled to offer higher bounties than any)
other State.

PRICE..... —..4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

memorial seems principally to he directed, will
throw up his portfolio; that Mr. Chase will follow
his example, as before ; and that in a few days Mr.
Lincoln will be engaged in the difficult task of con-
structing a new Cabinet. Were the Proclamation
of Emancipation not hopelessly in his way Mr.
Lincoln would have an opportunity to rise above
party considerations and make himself the Presi-
dent of the people. He could do this by recalling
Gen. M‘Gellan to the post of Commander-in-Chief
and installing the Conservatives in power, but as he
would tiler chv
place himself in opposition to the
Senate, who have the veto on all his appointments,
and as he would, moreover, ho compelled either to
rescind his Proclamation cr allow it to become a
dead letter, it is too much to expect that he will in-
cur such serious risks of bringing all the ra! chinery
of government to a dead lock. The next few days
will doubtless produce some curious developments.
It is in vain to speculate upon them. No one can
either predict or calculate what turn events will
take, but almost every one can see that a graver
crisis has never yet occurred in the history of the
republic.
The capture of Galveston in Texas and of the
Harriet Lane steamer have proved a heavy dis-

couragement to the Administration. That the
Confederates should regain Galveston was bad
enough, but that they should acquire another fast
ship to add to their pestilent little "navy," and
imitate the deeds of the Alabama, is looked upon as
intolerable. To Itidd to this annoyanee,,,the victory.
of Gen. Rosecrans at Murfreesborough grows smaller
as the details arrive. It was a well-fought series
of battles, and confers the highest honour on the
Federal commander, but it has left the Confederates
unsubdued, and has failed to decide the fate of Ten-
nessee, or greatly to modify the course of the war
in the South-west. The repulse of the Federals at
Vicksburg appears, on the other hand, to have been
more serious than was at first believed. The expe-
dition against that fortress has been abandoned for
the present, and. Gen. Sherman has been relieved of
his command. The Federal fleet has sailed up the
Mississippi instead of down, as was intended; and
Gen. Banks, who was to have taken Port Hudson,
or tried to take it, simultaneously with the attack
of Gen. Sherman on Vicksburg, will probably see
rhason to desist from the attempt, when he learns
that the Confederates have been enabled, after res-
cuing Vicksburg, to send a large force to the sup-
port of the lower fortress. Altogether, the recent
campaigns in the South and South-west have failed
not so much for want of energy and bravery on the
part of the troops and commanders as from defec-
tive management at Washington. So many blows
were to be struck simultaneously that the failure in
time of any one of them jeopardised the success of
the whole. Gen. Roseerans was urged on to strike
before he was ready, and narrowly escaped annihi-
lation; and defeat at Vicksburg, which no one in
office at Washington considered either possible or
probable, has deranged all the plans for the capture
of Port Hudson. Gen. Halleck and Mr. Stanton
seem to be of that class of schemers and designers
who are popularly known as " too clever by half,"
and do not always remember that it is much easier
to plan battles than to win them.
Among minor items of news that are of import-
ance the Messages of the Governors of States de-
serve especial mention. These gentlemen are, one
after the other, delivering and publishing their
voluminous Messages to their Parliaments, Assem-
blies, and Houses of Representatives. What they
say is sometimes remarkable ; what they do not say
is often more remarkable still. Governor Curtis,
of Pennsylvania, claims that soldiers in the field
ought to have the same right of voting on all public
questions as private citizens, and declares the pur-
pose of Pennsylvania to permit no severance of the
Union unalterable. He does not, however, say a
single word on the President's Proclamation of
Emancipation. The Abolitionists are highly of-
fended at this omission, while the Democrats are
equally displeased. Governor Tod, of Ohio, who is
about to be superseded by Mr. Vallandigham, takes
occasion to inform the apparently benighted people
who live under his rule that " the question of man's
capacity for self-government is yet unsettled ;" that
the men of the South are both " wicked" and " bad ;"
that they are engaged in a " gigantic effort" to over-
throw the beautiful and heavenly form of govern-
ment that existed at the period of the adjournment
of the Legislature of Ohio ;" that "the effort has
not yet been quelled ;" that " no cause can justify
a State or any number of States in withdraw-
ing from the Union ;" and that "if slavery were
introduced into Ohio the fact would not give the
slightest pretext for armed resistance." He is
glad, however, to assure the people " that no
such attempt has been made or thought of by
the Federal officers now in power, as the authors
and leaders of the rebellion well know." He
also asserts that the bravery of the loyal citizens
of Ohio in. September last "not only saved from
destruction the Queen City (Cincinnati), of which
we are all so proud, but the soil we all love so
Muct ; adding, in a sentence which, perhaps, is in-
telligible in Ohio, but not elsewhere, "that the
enemy, seeing this evidence of gallantry and power
were glad to abandon their hellish purpose and re-
tire, preventing an opportunity of testing whether
or not tho old gun was still true to the steady and
manly hand of him who held the same." He states
that there were " only" eleven arbitrary and uncon-
stitutional arrests in Ohio, and thinks " that the
man who would complain of such acts, when his
neighbour on either side of him had for ever given
up his darling son, should be frowned on by all good
men." From this luminous reasoning it is to be
inferred that it is the opinion of this egregious Go-
vernor that if a man has no son to volunteer or be
draughted into the war he has no right to complain
of an illegal or unconstitutional act the Central or
Local Government may commit. In discussing the
question of banking and currency, Mr. Tod takes
occasion to affirm " that bankers cannot make money
by purchasing coin at 30 per cent. premium and sel-
ling it at a half per cent."—a discovery that a man
need not be Governor of Ohio or Barataria to stumble
upon. Mr. Tod carefully abstains from informing
the peope of Ohio whether he approves or disap-
proves the President's Proclamation of Emancipa-
tion, treating it as a matter of no account. In the
Border States, as was to be expected, the Governors
are not so mealy-mouthed. Governor Burton, of
Delaware, is of opinion that the war has been
caused by the " fanatical madness of the " North
quite as much as by the folly of the south;" and
knowing more of the question of slavery, from the
fact that Delaware is a slave State, than Governor
e
the
President's can be supposed to know, he denounces
President's incentive to servile war as one that
will
place the country in a more perilous
than ever, and prevent the restoration condition
of the Union.
Governor Robinson, of ICentucky, is still more em-
phatic. In his closely reasoned and eloquent Mes-
sage—by far the ablest State paper that the new
year has produced —he disclaims, on the part of
Kentucky, all participationin the guilt of the blood
that has been shed. From the beginning the voice
of Kentucky was for conciliation and reunion. In
every conceivable mode in which that voice could
find utterance she was heard begging and imploring
for peace. Through her own Legislature, through
her representatives in Congress, through a special
delegation to Washington, through the Border
States' Convention, and through the mouth of her
distinguished statesman and patriot, Mr. Critten-
den, her cry was for peace, compromise, and a re-
storation of the Union on terms which should pre-
vent quarrels both now and hereafter. As strongly
attached to the Union as ever she was, Kentucky
declares herself against the unconstitutional acts of
the President and his Administration ; protests
against the new and despotic doctrine that military
necessity, defined by a single individual, is not to be
measured by constitutional limits; and denounces
the Proclamation of Emancipation as notonly
just, illegal, unconstitutional, and uncalled for, but

Congress has commenced the work of redeeming.
negroes from bondage by giving irredeemable bonds
of the United StaTes' Government in exchange
for them ; and to this end has voted the sum
of 10,000,000 dollars for emancipating the slaves
of loyal owners in Missouri. But as the army re.
mains unpaid, as widows and orphans are starving
for want of the pensions owing to them, and of the
arrears of bounty money due to their slain protec.:
tors, and as, moreover, the State of Missouri itself is
in partial occupation of 'a Confederate army, it seems
somewhat premature in Congress to devote any
money for emancipation until more favourable times.
When the country has the funds to spare, when the
loyal slaveowners offer to emancipate, when, too,
more pressing demands of the army shall have been
supplied, when peace shall have been restored, and
when New England and the Western States shall
consent to receive within their borders the emigrant
negroes who may fly from their Southern masters,
and shall not only employ them if able to work, but
feed them on the public bounty if they are aged, help-
less, and infirm, it will be quite time enough to free
the negroes of Missouri. But people's notions of
arithmetic begin to grow so confused by the illimit-
, able issues of paper money, based upon the national
pride quite as much as upon the national credit, that
it is scarcely to be wondered at, though very much
to be deplored, that Senators and Members of the
House of Representatives should talk as glibly of 10
millions of dollars as their fathers would have done
of a fiftieth part of the sum. Millions and billions
are all the same to the men of the mental calibre of
Mr. Thaddeus Stevens and the majority of both
Houses of Congress. Their prodigality and their
ignorance are alike stupendous; and although
Governer Andrew, who shares their opinions and
theories, thinks that "in a few brief years" the
national debt incurred by the war and the whole
cost of the manumission of the slaves will be paid
off, there is scarcely a man out of Congress or the
pulpit who believes as much, or who does not begin
in waking dreams to behold far off the apparition
of a gigantic sponge, huge as the debt, wielded by
the hand. of a sterner necessity than has ever yet
confronted the nation. The question of the legality
of the debt has already been raised, and when peace
comes—as come it must, sooner or lacer—and the
fierce hatreds of the war shall have given placa to
another, and perhaps more troublesome set of ani-
mosities which have their root, not in the heart,
but in the pocket, it may be found a question even
more insoluble than that of negro slavery. Com-
mercial morality is not at its highest flow in this
country. Men are soon down and soon up. ' Elas-
ticity of mind and hopefulness are the national cha-
racteristics. Bankruptcy has few terrors to people
who can turn their hands to anything, and who, if
they cannot be senators and judges, are content to
be keepers of lighthouses, to draw liquor in large
beer saloons, or to open oysters in California. Tra-
ders are not so thoroughly ruined by a failure here
as elsewhere. The people bethink themselves that
if the awful figures are allowed to remain as the
solvent expression of a real debt the Federal States
will be the most heavily taxed people in the world,
and that the debt will effectually deter from their
shores the labouring immigration of Europe, which
sought America to avoid both taxation and des-
potism, and which is not likely to flow into it to
face both those evils. The question is cropping out
rapidly above the rank soil of the war, and will
grow as rapidly as all other questions do id this
' 1 country, perhaps oven as rapidly as the debt itself.

A MARTYR.—On the Kalends of January, in
the year 404, a remarkable incident occurred in the
Colosseum on the occasion of a gladiatorial show, which is
recorded by Theodoret and Cassiodorus. While, in the pre-
sence of an immense crowd of spectators, the gladiators
were fighting in the arena, a monkish figure, clothed in the
dross of his order, was suddenly seen to rush into the midst
of the combatants, and with loud prayer and excited gesture
endeavour to separate them. This was an Eastern monk,
named Telemachus or Almachius (for such is the chance of
fame, that his name is not accurately recorded), who had
travelled from (he East with the express design of bearing
his testimony against those unchristian games, and sacri
ficing his life, if necessary, to obtain their abolition. The
Praetor Alybius, however, who was passionately attached
to them, indignant at the interruption, and excited by the
wild cries of the audience, instantly ordered the gladiators
to cut the intruder down, and Telemachus paid the forfeit
of his life for his heroic courage. But the crown and the
palm of martyrdom were given him, and he was not only
raised to a place in the calendar among the saints, buot haacd-
complished in measure the great object for h
h
avioa ni
hfoughtt his
sacrificed himself; for, struck with the grandeur
just-
ness of the courageous protest which; he
shoilthe gladiatorial
games, had sealedtrh has with
blood, the Emperor Honorius abo I
time
f°
nv
ardnr gladiator.—..J di
ggadiba
in
thand from
e coloosoumthaat gainst another
Roma, by William W. Story.
A CIRCAssIAN VICTORY.--NeWs of a success
gained
sians at Stanitsa in the Bas.Bakan, is conveyed by the
following letter of the 4th from Redout Kale :—We have
received full confirmatory accounts of the defeat of the
Russians at Stanitsa, in the Bas-Bal,an. The advantage
was gained by 7,000 mountaineers, who descended from
the Mesekschigh defile, taking the enemy by surprise.
Advancing on the line of the Adagoun, they succeeded in
storming the fort of Georgiewski, which was held by the
6th battalion of the Kuban Cossacks, and 200 other troops
under the command of Colonel Gorhatko. The whole gar-
rison was put to the sword, a large quantity of munitions
and four pieces of field artillery were taken, and the fort
itself was razed to the ground. The entire line of the com-
munication in the province of Kuban, had been completely
interrupted for the Russians. The latter have becu obliged
to erect another fortified p )st between Laba and Delata, to
serve as a sufficient protection for the road to Stanitsa.
The Russian detachment sent against the Shapsougs, in
order to dive them back from the new military
cordon from Constantinowski, passing along the
river Pschisch to Knanskaia, have been much harassed
by the enemy. In a late skirmish the Russian suffered
heavy loss, the 19th battalion of rifles being almost entirely
cut off. Driven back on Koschkho, the latter were again
attack d in the Keschakhedetchoug, where they lost a
number of men and many officers. The aspect of effairs
has, in fact, become so grave that the Czar has appointed
his brother, theGrandis ugDtuhkoeAhiit herechae thl,toat thethe lattercomm willan d
at
of
once
the C
commenceus; and it
the military reorganisation of the disiorict,
acas
and the laying out of a number of military roads. There
is no doubt that even in the districts which are considered
effectually subdued, the population still cherish their old
bitter feeling of hatred against the Russians—so intensely,
indeed, as do the fighting mountaineers themselves. In
fact, whatever may be said to the contrary, the ",,onquest"
of the country is as far off now as it was years before
Schamyl was betrayed.
•