The Sun.
London, England, 1830-04-10 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR.

The Duchess of CLArtzxci came to town yesterday
morning from her residence in Bushy Park. Her Royal
Highness attended divine service yesterday, being Good
Friday, in the Royal German Chapel, St. James's, where
a sermon was preached by the Rev. Dr. KUPER. Conn_
tees MUNSTLR, visited the Royal Duchess at her residence
in the King's Palace, St. James's. Her Royal Highness
left town in the afternoon, on her return to Busby.
The Princess AUGUSTA attended divine service yester-
day in St. Philip's Chapel, Regent-street. The Duchess
of GLOUCESTER. and the Princess SoritrA partook of a
dcjenne with the Princess AUGUSTA, at her residence in
the King's Palace, St. James's.
The Duke of WELLINGTON inspected part of his MA.
JESTY'S new Palace, in St. James's Park, yesterday after-

noon.
Mr. Seeret.try Pim left town yesterday afternoon, for
.Brighton, to join Mrs. PEEL.

THE KING'S OWN.—The forthcoming tale
of the sea, under the above commanding appellation, is
attributed to the pen of Captain MARRYAT. The story is
understood to be founded on events arising out of the Mu-
tiny of the Nore.

WEYMOUTH, APRIL 7.—ln consequence of
the election of a representative for the town of Dorchester
being fixed, on Saturday that distinguished regiment the
6th Carbineers was removed therefrom to this place. This
fine body of men arrived here this morning, commanded
by Major STEPHENS, and preceded by their delightful
band. Our numerous fashionable belles and beaux con-
template many a high treat from the performances of this
elite and well-appointed corps de musicians during their
short stay with us. The Crown Hotel is honoured by the
officers with head-quarters.—Dorset

In contemplation of the vacancy about to be
caused in the representation of Derry by the appointment
of Sir G. HILL to the Governorship of St. Vincent, three
candidates have taken the field—Sir H. FERGussox and
Captain HART; the third is as yet unknown, being an-
nounced as a near relative of Sir G. HlLL.—Dublin
Evening Post.

ACCIDENT.—On Thursday afternoon the
house, 448, Strand, fell down with a dreadful crash. The
house was one of those required to be pulled down for im-
proving that part of the Strand, and several men were
employed upon it removing the materials at the time the
accident occurred. They were, however, extricated in a
short time, and the whole of them escaped with trifling in-
juries, except one man who was severely bruised all over
hie body, but the injuries are not of that nature to affect
his life.

COLOMBIA.

OF BOLIVAR TO TIIE CO-

LOMBIANS.

Colombians! To-day I cease to rule over you.
I have already st,rved you both as a soldier• end a
Magistrate twenty years. During this long period
.:ve have re-conquered the country, liberate d three
republics, stifled' many civil wars, and four times
have I returned to the people their omnipotence by
re-assembling, spontaneously, four constituent con-
gresses. To your virtues, valour, and patriotism
these services were due ; to me the glory of having
directed them. The constituent congress which has
been to day installed is charged by Providence to
give to the nation the institutions she desires, fol-
lowin the course of circumstances and the nature
of things. Fearing that lam considered an obstacle
to the seating of the republic upon the true base of
its happiness I, of my own accord, precipitate myself
from its chief magistracy to which your goodness
has raised me.

Colombians ! I have been the victim of ignomi-
nious suspicions, the purity of my principles not
being even sufficient to defend rne. '1 hose who
aspire to the chief command themselves have plotted
to tear me from your hearts, attributing to me their
own sentiments ; making me appear the author of
projects which they alone have conceived; repre-
senting, me, in short, as aspiring to a crown, which
they have offered me more than once, and which I
have rejected with the indignation of :the most stern
republican. Never, never, I swear to you, has the
ambition of a kingdom once strained my thoughts
although my enemies have artfully forged such pre-
tensions, to destroy me in your opinion.
Undeceive yourselves, Colombians ! My only
anxiety has been to contribute to your liberty, and
to the preservation of your repose. If for this I have
been to blame I merit more than any other your in-
dignation. Listen not, I beseech you, to vile ca-
lumny and foul intrigue, which create discord in all
parts. You allow yourselves to be deceived by the
imposition of my detractors. Be not blinded, Co-
lombians! Assemble round the constituent con-
gress—it is the national wisdom, the legitimate hope
of the people, and the last point of reunion of the
patriots. Our lives, the happiness of the republic,
and the Colombian glory, depend on its sovereign
decrees. If by any fatality you should be induced
to abandon it there is no other safety for the country,
and you will plunge yourselves into an ocean of
anarchy, leaving crime, blood, and death, as an in-
heritance to your children.
Fellow citizens ! Hearken to my last voice upon
terminating my political career. In the name of
Colombia I request, I beg of you, to remain united
—that you become not the assassins of the country,
and your own executioners.
Bogota, Jan. 20, 1830. BOLIVAR.

THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE TO CONGRESS'
Fellow citizens!—Permit me to congratulate you
on the meeting of congress, which in the name of
the nation is about to discharge the sublime duties
of legislation. Arduous and grand is the work of
constituting a people which escapes from oppression
hy means of anarchy and civil war, without being
previously prepared to receive the salutary reform to
which it aspired. But the examples of history,
both in the old and new world—the experience of
twenty years of revolutions, have to serve you as
so many beacons placed in the midst of the obscurity
of the future ; and I flatter myself that your wisdom
will be sufficient to overcome, with fortitude, the
passions of some, and the ignorance of the multi-
tude—consulting, as far as possible, the enlightened
reason of men of sense, whose respectable opinions
are a precious auxiliary in the solution of questions
of a high political character. Besides, you will
also find important counsels to follow in the very
nature of onr own country, that comprehends the
elevated regions of the Andes, and the scorching
banks of the Oronoko. Examine it in all its ex-
tent, and you will learn from it what the congress
has to adopt for its happiness and welfare. Our his.
tory will tell you much, and much our necessities; but
the cry of our griefs for want of repose and secure li-
berty will be yet more persuasive. Happy will be the
congress if it secures to Colombia the enjoyments of
those supreme blessings, for which it will merit the
most pure benedictions. The congress being convoked
to compose the fundamental code which shall govern
the republic, and to name the high functionaries who
shall administer it, it is the duty of the Government to
lay before you the information possessed by the re-
spective Ministers of the present situation of the
state, that you may be able to legislate in a way
analogous to the nature of things. It belongs to the
President of the Council of State, and Ministers, to
lay before you its labours during the last eighteen
months. If they had not corresponded to the hopes
we had formed, they have at least overcome the ob-
stacles which turbulent circumstances of exterior
war, and intestine convulsion, opposed to the march
of the Administration, evils which, thanks to Divine
Providence, have ceased by the application of cle-
mency and peace. Lend your sovereign attention
to the origin and progress of those broils. The dis-
turbances which unfortunately occurred in 1826
obliged me to come from Peru, notwithstanding I
was resolved not to accept the first Constitutional
Magistracy, for which I have been reelected during
my absence. Called upon with anxiety to re-esta-
blish concord, and to avoid civil war, I could not re-
fuse my services to the country from which I had
received that new honour and unequivocal proofs of
confidence. The National Representation began to
consider the cause of discord that agitated men's
minds, and convinced that they existed, and tliat
radical measures ought to be a4opted, they sub-
mitted to the necessity of anticipating the meeting of
the Grand Con7ention. That body was installed
when party spirit was at its height, and dissolved
itself without the members Nv h o composed it being
able to agree upon the reform they meditated.
Seeing the republic menaced by a complete disso-
ciation I was obliged in such a crisis to sustain it
anew; and had it not been that the national opinion
had united promptly to deliberate on its own con-
servation the republic would have been torn to pieces
by the hands of its own citizens. The national
opinion honoured me with its confidence—a confi-
dence that I ought to respect as the most sacred
law. When the country was about to perish could
I hesitate ? The lairs which had been violated by
force of arms, and by the dissensions of the people,
wanted vigour; the legislative body had already
decreed, knowing the necessity, that that assembly
should meet, which could reform the Constitution;
and the Convention had already declared unani
mously that reform was most urgent. So solemn a
declaration, united to the preceding ones, gave a
mortal blow to the political compact of Colombia.
The Constitution in the year eleven ceased to exist
—horrible was the situation of the country, and
more horrible was mine, because it threw me at the
mercy of opinions and suspicions. Yet the tarnish-
ing of a reputation acquired in a long series of ser-
vice, in which similar sacrifices have been necessary
and frequent, did not impede me. The organic de-
cree I issued on the 27th August, 1828, ought to
convince all that my most ardent wish was to re-
lieve myself from the insupportable weight of un-
limited authority, and that the republic should re-
turn to constitute itself through the medium of the
representatives. But scarcely had I begun to
exercise the functions of supreme chief when oppos-
ing elements burst forth with the violence of
the passions and the ferocity of crime. My
life was attempted ; civil war kindled by this
example, and through other means they encouraged
the government of Peru to invade our departments
of the South, with views of conquest and usurpa-
tion. My assertions, fellow citizens, are not founded
on simple
it
areconjecture
the facts and documents that
;
authentic. War became inevitable.
The army of General Lamar is routed in Targue,
in a way most splendid and glorious for our arms,
and its relics are saved by the generosity of the vic-
tors. Notwithstanding the magnanimity of the
Colombians, General Lamar (breaking the treaties)
accredit
renewed the war and commenced hostilities; whilst

liotswered him by inviting, him once more to peace,
hilt be calumniated us, and outrageously affronts,
The department of Guayaquil becomes th,
,i,iim of his extr:tvagant pretensions. We, bein;_
:cptived of a force, ;toe:copied by the inun.
ALcions 6f the winter, a,td by other obstacles, bat,
to awali the favourable Sea .(111 to r:.-occt;py the
place. During tie atonal a national sentence, to
cording to the very expression of the suprem;
chief of Peru, vindicated cur conduct, and free,'
our enemies of Genera! Lcinar. Tie political a.
pest of that republic bein,.; thus changed, opentd
the way for negotiation, and' by an armistice we re-
occupied Guayaquil.

In fine, the 22(1 Soptende-r the treaty of peace
was concluded which put an end to a in whirl
Colombia defended her rights with dignity. I con-
gratulate the congress and the nation on tae satis
factory results of the affairs in the south, as much
for the conclusion of the war as for the unequivoca!
proofs of benevolence that we have received from.
the Peruvian Government, nobly confessing that w(
were. insidiously provoked to war. No Governmen
has acted more satisfactorily to another than Pcrt:
has to us; for which magnanimity she is deservine
of the most perfect esteem on our part. Ft llow-
citizens, if peace has been concluded with that mo-
' deration that was to be hoped for between sister
countries ought they not to lay down their arms,
consecrated to liberty, and their mutual conse! vation.
We have also extended our hands towards the un-
fortunate people of the south, who allowed them-
selves to be dragged into civil Nvar, or who were se-
duced by the enemy.
It is gratifying to me to inform you, that to ter-
minate these domestic dissensions cot a drop of
blood has satisfied the vengeance of the law; and,
although a gallant General (Cordova) and his fol-
lowers have fallen, their punishment comes from the
hand of the Almighty, when from ours they would
have enjoyed the clemency which we have shown
• those who have survived; all enjoy liberty notwith-
standing their errors. The country has suffered too
much from these shocks, which we shall always re-
' member with grief, and if anything can mitigate our
affliction it is the consolation we have that no
[ma of its origin can be attributed to us, and
of our having been as generous to our adver-
saries as lay in our power. We have to latnent
the sacrifice of some delinquents at the altar
of justice, and although patricides merit no indul-
gence, many of them, and perhaps the most guilty
of them, have received it at my hands. Let this
picture of horror which it has been my misfortune to
lay beforeyou serve as an example—let it serve us for
the future as one of those formidable visitations which
Providence awards us in the course of life for our
correction. It belongs to congress to gather sweet
fruits from this bitter tree, or at least to keep at a
distance from its venomous shade. If the honour-
able task had not fallen upon me of calling on you
to represent the rights of the people, that you may,
according to the wishes of your constituents, create
r or ameliorate our institutions, this would be the
place to call your attention to the result of twenty
r years devoted to the service of the country. Be-
i sides, I ought not even to hint to you that which all
citizens have a right to ask ; all can and are obliged
to submit their opinions, their fears, and wishes, to
those whom we have constituted for the ameliora•
tion of society, disordered as it is by trouble and
misery. I alone am deprived of exercising this civil
• privilege, because, having convoked you, and as-
signed your attributes, I am not permitted in any
' way to influence your counsels. Besides, it would
be unfortunate to repeat to the elected of the people
that which Colombia has published with characters
of blood. My only duty is to submit my-
' self without restrictions to the code and Ma-
gistrate that you gave us; and all I aspire to is, that
the will of the people be proclaimed, respected, and
fulfilled by its delegates. With this view I took the
necessary steps that the people should express their
opinion with full liberty and security, without any
other limits but those which arc prescribed by order
and moderation. This has been done, and you will
perceive in the petitions which are submitted to
• your consideration the ingenuous expression of the
popular wish. All the provinces await your resolu-
lions; in all parts the meetings which have been
held with this view have been presided with regu-
larity and respect to the authority of Government
and the constituent Congress. We have alone to
lament the excesses of the meeting at &caeca', of
which your prudence and wisdom ought also to
• judge. I fear, with some foundation, that my sin-
cerity, in speaking to you of the Magistrate who is
to preside over the Republic, is doubted. But the
Congress ought to persuade itself that its own
• honour is opposed to its thinking of me for that
station, and mine most decidedly to accept it. You
will, perhaps cause this precious attribute to flow
back upon him, who has pointed it out to you.
' Dare you, without disgracing your own reputation,
concede me your suffrages ? Would not that be
actually appointing myself ? Far be from you and
me an act so ignoble—obliged as you are to consti-
tute the Government of the Republic, within and
without your own circle, you will find illustrious men
who will discharge the Presidency of the State with
glory and advantage—all, all, my fellow citizens enjoy
the inestimable fortune to appear innocent in the eyes
of the suspicious, I alone am taunted with aspiring to
tyranny. Free me, 1 beseech you, from the censure
that I may expect if I continue filling a station that
never can clear itself of the accusations of ambition.
Believe me a new Magistrate is already indispen-
sable for the Republic. The people wish to know
if I will at any time cease to govern them. The
States of America view me with a certain inquie-
tude that may bring down some day upon Colombia
evils similar to those of Peru. In Europe itself
there are not wanting those who fear that I discre-
dit with my conduct the fair course of liberty. Ab,
how many conspiracies and wars have we not suf-
fered to attack my authority and person. These
attacks have ruined the people, whose sacrifices
might have been avoided if from the commence-
ment the legislators of Colombia had not forced me
to support a load which has borne me down more
than war with all Its afilictions. Show yourselves,
fellow-citizens, worthy of representing a free people
by repelling every idea of my being necessary to the
republic. If one man be necessary to sustain the
state, that state ought not and, in the end, will not.
exist. The magistrate you may select will no doubt
be the rallying point of domestic concord, the link of
fraternity, and the consolation of the dejected. All
Colombians will rally round this fortunate being;
he will unite them inn the embrace of friendship; he
will form of them a family of citizens. I.will obey
this legitimate magistrate with the most cordial re-
spect; I will follow such an angel of peace; I will
sustain him with my sword and with my utmost
powers. I will use energy, respect, and sub-
mission, in aiding the projects of the magistrates
you may elect. I swear it, Legislators! I pro-
mise it in the name of the people and the Co-
lombian army. Happy will be the Republic, if,
upon admitting my resignation, you appoint Presi-
dent a citizen beloved by the nation. The re-
public will be lost if you persist in re-electing me.
Hear my prayers; serve the Republic, save my
glory, which is that of Colombia ; dispose of the
presidency which I respectfully abdicate. From to-
day I ant no more than a citizen armed to defend the
country, and obey the Government. My public
functions cease for ever. I make a formal and
solemn delivery of the supreme authority which the
national suffrages have conferred on me. You belong
to all the provinces ; you are the most select
citizens; you have served in all the offices of state ;
you know its local and its general interests; you
want nothing further to regenerate this Republic,
tprearti
isohni g
Letas ia.fitininaliTysny.
(vspihatell
iilmlahitetplebdoedsbs
serataebotsnttsrerelneNis‘etc,
his
infiniteo of its
ieast: adminis-
tration.
ilettet
junoegli
sa)na,roitnlso:-,
the protection of the sacred religion we profess, a
ce
p
he
ch
fountain overflowing with the blessings of Heaven.
rgilingrlehniretitsesn.oasftyii:C,flielaomellombia, reclaims of you its most sacred
the national gratitude, requires complete organiza-

Coo. Justice requires codes ra;rabLe of e,cnliug
;he rights and innocence of freemen:•lt is neces'sary
;o cicato every thing, and you ought to lay the
ioundAtion of prosperity in establishinx the general
'tasis of our political organization.
blush to sat• it, independence is the only good
ve have acquired, at the expense of every o•her.
lint it opens the door for the recovery of all good
:nice your sovereign auspices, and that, too, ,vith
ili the• splendour of glory and liberty.
Bogota, J in. 20, I S:3O. SIMON BOLIVAR.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

DUKE OF GRAF TON'S STUD.

Few breeders of race horses have been so fortunate in
their specu'ations as the above highly respected Nobleman,
who, for a period of nineteen years, has been one of the
oust zealous and liberal supporters of the Turf. Previous
to tie death of his father, the Dubin had ntn manifested
any inclination for racing; his resolution, thstattfore, to
continue the stud was a very agreeable surprise to the
Sporting World. His Grace's career wag brilliant in the
,xtreme, and his brood mares were of the most appro'sel
blood. Robson was his trainer, and 13mckle his jockey.
For many yeas nothing could stand against suolt a phi:,
!anx, and all the great stakes went into the pocket of the
Noble Duke, to whom breeders are indebted for the hest
stock horses now on the Turf—Whalebone, Whisker,
Woful, Partisan, Waterloo, Pte. His Grace also bred the
fmnous mare Web, the dam of Middleton and Glenartney.
Since the retirement of Mr. Robson (of whose integrity
and skill there cannot be a stronger proof adduced, than
the presentation to him of a splendid god rap, as a mark
of esteem and regard from the many Noblemen and Gen-
tlemen who had employed him), there Las been a slight
,liatittution of his success, particularly in the List eighteen
lionths, during which time Lord ii,xeter's stable has
eclipsed every thing at Newmarket ; this, however, is only
for the moment—for, with an ardent love of the sport,
and an unflinching determination to support it, ire are jus-
tified in anticipating that his Graoe's star, will, ere long,
resume its ascendancy. To give a correct ides of the
Noble Duke's good fortune, we sulstnin an abstract of hie
winners and winnings from his sornmenooment in 1811 to
the present year :-
16t t —Nimrod won titOgs, Pope Mg., Web 1100 gs, Whalebone
350gs—Total 1,6321.
1812—Nimrod 50/, Joe Miller 28.Sgs Pops Joan IsSOgs, Whale..
bone 260 gs and CAI, Woful slogs—;Total 1,9111. ss.
ISl3—Br. 1. by Selirn SOgs, Jest 100 gs, Joe Miller SOngs, Music
1,175g5, Wilful 200 gs, Worul Efoge, Anthonie Rlgs—Total

, .. ,
2887/. 10s. _ _ _ _
1814—Partisan 950 gs, Minuet 7hOgs, Ramrod 100 gs, Wire 200 gs
and 501, Woful 450gs—Total 2,6tx/. 10s.
1815—Discord 05(tgs and .50/, Partisan tte.Ogs, Jeweller 100 gs, Mi.
nuet 1,890g5, Whisker 2,100g5, Wire I,Soolo—Total 7,9891.105.
1816—Alien 1,160g5, Merry Andrew jigs, Serapall ZlSgs*, Discord
'Wigs, Partisan 350 gs, Milton I,42sgs, 3rliaiset 4siOgs,Wllisker

870ks:-Total 2,1244' -
1917-Fugitive 23gs, Alien 501, Coquette 100 gs, Trictras '7oogs,
b. c. by Eaton 50gs, Pickaxe 225g5, Waterloo 1,025g5, Sir
'Thomas 353g5, Loo, 79.7g5, Milton ICOgs, Minuet 100gs-Total
3,6931. 10s.
1818-Trictrac 250 gs, Classic 50gs, Carrots 65065, Sir Thomas
109 gs, Miracle 300 gs, Lon 200gs-Total 141271. lOC.
1819-. Miracle 600 gs, b. f. by Waxy 140 s, Jingle 200 gs and 1101,
Catgut 1,400gz-Total 2,627/.
1820-Luck 350 gs, Rowena 1,475g5, Pindarrie 4,550g5, Trance
120 gs, Miracle 400 gs, b. f by Waxy 51gs-Total 7,1971 105.
1821-Tipsey 110 gs, Reginald I,ooogs and '7Ol, Zeal 1,500g5,
Lowrance 1,050g5, Titian 1,340g5, Carbonaro I,4Sogsz-Tolal
6,884/. 10s.
1922-Reginald 370 gs, Posthuma 2,850g5, Gabrielle 140 gs, Maria
290 gs, Zeal 150 gs, Hampden 875 gs, Lawrence 501, Pastille
2.4Ags, and 611 ss, Varnish 501, Whisgig 3,405ga, Logic llOgs
-Total, 11,501/. ss.
18.23-Posthuma 1001, Hampdrn I,lBq, Pastille 3751, Veil 1051,
Whizgig 501, Logic 130/, Talisman 105/, Midstlminer 5251,
Cinder 8771 10s, Zinc 1,9991 Si-Total, 5,3,4/. ISt.
1824-Cramer 50/, Gavotte 2001, Pucelle 1251, Posthuma 20(V,
Skiff 6501, Banquo 71/, Hampden 1001, Pastille 2501, Veil 733/,
Rebecca 4,6721 10s, Zinc 2231 6. Bd-Total, 7,3761. 16s. tRd.
1825-Rufus 4,7751, Lilian 501, Cramer 1,3001, Figmy 801, Tontine
975/, Waltz .150/, Goshawk 120/, Pucelle 433/ 66 Bd, Poet-mina
SO 1, Bolero 1,7901, Paul Jones 1,5701, Armida 3151.-Total,
12,669/. 16e. Bd.
1826-Norman 3751, Lilian 501, Belivar 6751, Cramer 501, Pigmy
150/, Rufus 3731 6s Sd, Dervise 1,1001, Goshawk 1,(21/ 10s,
Parapluic 5901, Problem 800!, Pueelle 501, Notice 501, Saracen
501, b. c. by Woful 1.50!, Mantua 2301-Total, '75541. 161. Bd.
chiori, 3301, Cremona 50/, Paul Jones 1601.
1827-Demon 50/, Dervise 6001, Lancastrian SOOT, Latimer AOOl,
Problem 4001, Paul Jones Sc!, Roderick 5501, Turecrinan 1,7001,
Arab 9971 108, Monody 46'4, Zoffani 304-Total, 6,312/. Ins.
1928-Lancastrian 1001, Omen 4501, Turquoise 2,6211, Charm
3001-Total, 3,5701.
1829-Caradori 4191, Ronald 100/, F.naerald DV, Paradox 501,
Burman 3001, Turquoise 321/ 13s 4d.-Total, 1,4111. 1!s. 4d.
Grand Total 99,1111. 38. 44.1

WALTER COLITON.—This new productioa
of Mr. HouAcE SMITH'S affords one of the happiest ex,
atnples of his power in vivifying historic details, and
confirming their impression on the reader's mind, by
means of a due admixture of individual portraiture, and a
piquant revelation of the private habits rnanire it of
the period. Of the more important characters in the
story, those of King Jamas and his supplanting rival, the
Prince of ORANGE, bear pirtieularly the marks of graphic
skill and precision--and indeed the entire work appears
to have been constructed with that careful attention ►o
finish, as well as troth, that clistingaisiald "Bramblitya
House," the author's first effort is this popular style of
writing.

We hope the CIFANCJILLOII of the Ex-'
curczoas will, before the Beer Bill bermes a law, intro-"
duce such a modification of it as will relieve the brewers;
as well as the publicans, from ita scrim's eostsequances. 1
its present form it will bring certain rain on a retry useful
and industrious class of society.—Berhskirs Chroeicle.

The Earl of llAntwooD has giYen 1001.
towards the relief of the distressed weavers of fancy goods
in the West Riding of Yorkshire. his Lordship trans-
mitted the donation to the Rev. C. B. Duxrr, Chairman
of the Denbydale Cnnruitien. The Reverend Gentle-
man has also received an allitional grant of 1501. front
the London Committee for the relief of distressed manu-
facturers.

The Prince of ORANGE insists rigorously oft
frugality and hardiness in the education and bringing up
of his sons. When the writer of this was at Brussels
two years ago, the only food the Prince allowed them was
cold beef and vegetables. They slept on a hand mattress
on the floor, with no other covering than the blest and
courte-poivte, even in winter. They were not allowed
the luxury of gloves in the most inclement season, until
one dty of extraordinary cold, when the youngest of
them had his fingers frozen, and serious apprehensions were
entertained as to the consequences —Court Journal.
Prince SWARTZENBEIIG has been settled at
Paris during the winter ; a leading person in the fashion-
able circles of that gay metropolis. Miss Many, on the
contrary, has been residing in the strictest seclusion in a
frontier town.—Court Journal.

THE ENGLISH AILMY IN IRA NCE.-A
work is announced for immediate publication under the
title of " Personal Narrative of an Office, in the
English Army of Occupation in France." It is written,
we understand, by one of the ablest medical practitioners
who attended our gallant troops on the Continent, during
the late war. It relates, particularly to the period of
Battle of the Waterloo, a subject still singularly fertile in
materials of the highest interest ; for though many valuable
narratives connected with that event have already ap-
peared, yet, it must be admitted, they principally exhibit
rather a collective picture of the grand military °peon-
lions, than a detail of individual heroism and adventure.
The narrative, it is said, abounds in personal anecdote and
traits of character, frequently of the most humorous de-
scription.

The following letter has been received from
a gentleman who recently resided in the neighbourhood of
Devizes :—" Patras, March 4, 1.330. The accounts I
had received of the total destruction ef this piste had left
me unprepared for the utter desolation which I beheld.
The fiercest denunciations of the Prophets of old have
been fully put in execution. Fire and sword, have wooed
the whole district ! Net a stone is left standing ! The
fig, the pomegranate, the vine, and the orange, that co-
vered the hills and the beautifnl plain, are literally
destroyed, root and branch. During the eight years that
the Turks were beleagured in the castle, they sallied out
and tore up eve❑ the currant bashes for firing for their
ovens. No part of Greece has been se eompletely
wasted ; but the inhabitants are returning, and the po-
pulation now amounts to about six thnusaad, and houses
are springing up formed of wooden frame work, filled
in with unburnt brick, such so the children of Israel
were forced to make for the Phsroshs. There is
no capital in the country, either in the shape of money,
public buildings, or private edifices, roads, &e.
everything is to be created, and money, the mainspring, is
wanting. Land of excellent qualities lies uncultivated for
avant of means to farm it. I have had tha offer of the
fee-simple of some, about four miles from the town, at
about 31. per acre, which, before the revolution, produced
an annual rent of nearly as much. People must sell part
to live and be able to cultivate the rest. The President
has had a difficult task to fulfil, bat his talent sterna rather
to lie in the mans-sums of diplomacy, than in governing,
for which he wants energy and decision. But there is
little doubt that he has been acting all 'along with a view
rather to secure the influence of Russia than to establish
the independence of his country. We music-stand that he
is soon to be succeeded by a King. I have seen some of
the Chiefs of the popular part, and they are well satisfied to
receive from the Allies a Sovereign of lief!. selection."

4.

SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

Calcraft, as Chairman of the Committee ap-
poittted to inquire into the state of the law respecting
the retail sale of beer, moved on Thursday for leave
to bring in a Bill to promote the retail sale of beer.
The principle of the measure is, that an excise li-
cense for two guineas shall enable any pereen to re-
tail beer. The measure is, however, to be followed
up by a variety of regulations for the good govern-
ment of those placed under the Act. Mr. Barclay
observed that the London brewers would be amply
compensated by the increased sale for any loss they
might sustain in their property in public-houses ;
the country brewers, and the publicans or licensed
victuallers, who at present kept houses of their own,
of whom there were 50,000 altogether, and 23,000
in London, would be great sufferers.—lt was not to
be expected that a monopoly so extensive as that of
the trade in beer could be attacked with impunity.
Mr. Nicholas Calvert improved upon Mr. Barclay,
for he went so far as to say that " the Bill would
prove more destructive to property on a large scale,
and more diffusive of ruin to persons than any meet-
sure which the House had ever adopted."—The
question was correctly stated by Sir John Se-
bright, " he must, in the first instance, con-
fess that he felt bound to say that the laws
tinder which the great brewers alleged that
they had invested their immense capitals were
not laws made for the protection of their trade, or
for any trade whatever. They were laws having
trade neither for their principle nor object, but being
made solely for purposes of police. The great
brewers of the Metropolis had chosen to avail them-
selves of those laws for their own interests, finding
that, although they were meant for the good go-
vernment of the poor, and for the decency of ,o-
ciety, they might be instrumental for purposes of
trade to the manufacturers of beer." There is, in
fact, no possibility of altering a law without affecting
the interests of some one. The law, however, as
Sir John Sebrig,lat observes, gives no security to the
brewers or publicans. It is in the power of the Ma-
gistrates to license as many houses at present at they
please, and therefore the embarkation of capital
in public-houses is a speculation, in which it is taken
for granted that the discretionary power of the Ma-
gistrates will be exercised in a certain way. To
make the speculation more certain, no doubt the
Magistrates are generally gained over. But if the
Magistrates were to disappoint the brewers, the lat-
ter would have no right to complain. But if the
monopoly is valuable to individuals, what must be
the abolition of it to the public ? If the throwing
the trade open effects such a destruction of pro-
perty, it is to be remarked that that property is al-
together an usurpation on the public. All the
value which the house loses is gain to the public.
Capital employed in the trade will still have its fair
return—diligence will have its usual reward ; the
rest is a tax on the people ; and the great right,
that of the people, is surely preferable in the eye
of a Legislature to partial rights pressing on the
people, resting on no legal title.—elforning Chron.
'We insert to-day the copy of a petition intended
to be presented to the House of Commons after the
recess, by the proprietors and occupiers of public-
houses in London and its vicinity, against the Bill
for removing all restrictions on the sale of beer by
retail. This question involves two great considera-
tions. In the first place, how the proposed measure
affects the interests of the petitioners; and, secondly,
how it affects the interests of the public. And here
we have no hesitation in saying that the latter is by
far the more important consideration ; and if it
could be shown that the restrictions on the retail
trade in beer, which the proprietors and occupiers of
public-houses wish to have perpetuated, constitute an
oppressive and odious monopoly, then their interests
ought to give way to the public good,and that mono•
poly ought to be broken down. We have at various
times stated our objections to the licensing system
as exercised by the Magistrates—a system of police
greatly abused by corrupt motives of patronage, by
endue influence, by favouritism, and resentment to
other objects than the wholesome regulation of the
trade and the preservation of public morality.
The proceedings at Petty and Quarter Sessions
throughout the country have for years afforded ample
evidence of the partial and oppressive exercise of
powers which, if administered with judgment, dis-
crimination, and purity of purpose, would undoubt-
edly be for the public advantage. But while we
objected to the mode we did not object to the prin-
ciple of a licensing system ; for we are not such ad-
mirers of the abstract theory of free-trade as to think
it at all desirable that it should be in the power of
every body that pleased, without qualification or con-
troul, to openitippling-houses, and to crowd the land
with the low receptacles of inebriety, idleness, and
dissipation. The experiment had been formerly
tried in England and failed. Every person who
knows any thing of legal history is aware that origi-
nally, by the common law, any person who pleased
could erect an inn or open an alehouse without
license; but the inconvenienceand demoralizing effect
of this unrestrained accumulation of public-houses
was soon felt, and the Legislature found it ne-
cessary to interpose and to place alehouses under
some salutary controul, to prevent their inconve-
nient increase. NVith this view the Act of
the sth and 6th Edward VI. cap. 25, was
passed, empowering any two Justices to license
public-houses. In course of time it was ascertained
that the law was inefficient. It did in some mea-
sure prevent the extravagant increase of public.
houses, but, under it, little or no inquiry was exer-
cised as to the characters of those who applied for
licenses. It was therefore the 2d Geo. IL cap.
2S, and the 26th Geo. 11. cap. 31, were enacted,
which provide that " whereas many inconveniences
have arisen from persons being licensed to keep inns
and cornmoe alehouses by Justices, who, living re-
mote from the places of abode of such persons, may
not be truly informed as to the occasion or want of
such inns or common alehouses, or the characters
of the persons applying for licenses to keep the
same, therefore, from henceforth, no license shall
be granted to any person to keep a common inn or
alehouse but at a general meeting of the Justices
acting in the division where the said person dwells."
There are two principles recognised in this Act
which evince the wisdom of the Legislature in deal-
ing with the retail trade in beer. The one is the
prohibition to license a public-house where want or
necessity for it is not obvious; the other is
the duty imposed upon the licensers of in-
quiring into character, and receiving such satis-
factory evidence on that head as might be suf-
ficient to convince them that the privilege which
the applicant sought would not be abused. Whet-
ever change may be made as to the mode of
the licensing and the transfer of that power, those
principles of legislation should still be inexorably
preserved. But it appears, by the sketch of the
new Bill which has been given to the public, that
they are to be abandoned. If so, we confidently
predict that the new system will be productive of
the most deplorable consequences to society. If
every adventurer who can command two guineas
to obtain an Excise license may open a public-house,
without previous inquiry as to his character, or the
necessity for art additional house of this sort, the
most frightful demoralization must follow, and all
the evil consequences that universal tippling, at least
among the labouring classes, can produce. We
differ with the licensed victuallers with respect to
the propriety of Justices of the Peace exercising
the power of licensing publicans ; but we perfectly
agree with them in considering it absolutely neces-
sary that the retail trade in beer should not be
thrown open to every needy, characterless person
who may choose to turn his hovel into a tap-room,
and hold out inducements to the poor to waste their
wages and their health in sottish dissipation. It is
one thing, however, to allow the public to obtain a
supply of beer independently of the licensed victu-
allers, to be consumed in their own houses, and quite
another thing to be allowed to consume it on the
premises of those by whom it is retailed. The latter
practice encourages the vice of tippling, but the for-
mer dote not. The licensed victuallers speak of the pro-