The Sun.
London, England, 1863-06-15 00:00:00

upon the men to give three cheers for the " Presi-
dent and the negro." Not a cheer was elicited in
reply. "Every man in the regiment," says an eye-
witness, "seemed for a moment to lose the power of
speech and motion." The major in command, hoping
to extricate them from an embarrassing dilemma,
called for threecheers for the Union. Instantly the
caps went up into the air, and there was a loud
and lusty cheer, followed by " a tiger" (one cheer
more). But this did not satisfy the Adjutant-
General, who again peremptorily demanded three
cheers for the negroes. The men were silent as
before, and were ultimately dismissed with a severe
reprimand, and ordered to be brought up again in a
week. It was intimated to them by the General
that if at the end of that time they would not cheer
for the negrces they would all be placed uuderdrrest,
and tried for mutiny and disobedience of orders!

Under circumstances like these it would besanguine
for Mr. Beecher, Mr. Sumner, and Governor An-
drew, to say nothing of the President, even if they
raised a very large negro army, to expect to employ
it to much advantage on the same battlefield with
the Celtic soldiers who have hitherto borne the
brunt of the war. Ten thousand negroes, under a
good white General—though not perhaps under
Fremont—might be made a formidable weapon in
the invasion of the South, and might, as Mr. Lin-
coln intimates, be the intrument by which some
great Northern ambition might snatch famine, if
not power, out of the forthcoming anarchy that
threatens to inguif the republic. But whether the
fame could be snatched without the same penalty
as that paid by John Brown, of oe,swattamie, is the
problem that such a general would have to solve,
and the prospect, or at least the possibility, of which
might not, perhaps, prove very attractive to a man
like Fremont.

NEW ZEALAND.

--

A letter dated Dunedin, Otago, April, 18, says :—The
"Native question," that horrible incubus of this colony, is
again attract ng lively interest. Here in the southern por-
tion of the Middle Island, with as sturdy a population of
Britons as can be found on the globe, pushing and striving
to establish a great and flourishing province—with a Maori
war and its direct risks no more likely than that the people
of Skye or Mull will besiege London—we are forced to
divert attention from our own affairs, and to watch the in-
scrutable policy of Sir George Grey townrds the reinstate-
ment of the Taranaki settlers, or to "settle" some other
disputed block of land, and to curse the fate that makes the
welfare of,Englishmen subservient in the eyes of our gene-
ral government to the attempt to convert the refractory
natives into bad subjects of the Crown. Because of the
" difficulty' on this score, our interests are postponed,
our money squandered, and our progress checked,
by a Government located in the extreme corner of the
North Island, and for all practical purposes as far removed
from us as is New York from London. Amy for "separa-
tion" has been raised, and it must grow stronger, until a
petition respectful but uncompromising will be presented to
her Majesty, praying that we may be allowed something
like a fair and rational system of government, if not for the
Middle Island, then, for this famed province of Otago. To
the latter point things will no doubt come, for the other
provinces of this island are likely to be too much actuated
by jealousy of Otago, and her inevitable preponderance, to
join in a demand for a Middle Island Government; and
you will assuredly hear in England, from this time forward,
a "damnable iteration" of this idea—Otago must be of and
in itself, a distinct dependency, with its own government,
presided over by a governor appointed by the Crown.
The separation question has been made the most pro-
minent topic in the election of the Superintendent of the
Province which has just taken place—the superinten-
dent being elected by a constituency of nearly 2,000, who
are also entitled to vote for members of the General Assem-
bly and the Principal Council ; who holds cffice for four
years, unless like a prime minister at home he feels com-
pelled to resign by the strength of the opposition party in
the Council; and who possesses restricted administrative
powers, delegated by the Governor, under the Constitution
Act.

Our Customs Revenue, for 1861, was only £69,727, out of
a total of £260,863 for the whole colony ; but last year it was
£167,079, out of £399,272; the revenue for the last quarter
of the year being £57,869, out of £118,525. " Our" Cus-
toms Revenue comes naturally enough from the pen, but
the phrase is incorrect. Five eighths of the whole goes to
the general Government, who spend what they like of it,
and return what may be left, proportionably to the dif-
ferent provinces. In this way Otago gave nearer £BO,OOO
than £75,000 to the general Government last year; and it
is highly probable that this year the contribution will be
at least £130,000. This is a dear price for general obstruc-
tiveness. The gross revenue of this province exceeds consi-
derably that derived by the general government from all the
provinces, by all the means of money getting at its com-
mand. Our exports during 1862 amounted to £1,745,959;
the total for the whole colony being £2,421,841—0r more
than two-thirds of the total from this one province. In 1861
our imports amounted to £859,733 out of a total for the co-
lony of £2,493,811; but, in 1862, when the total was in-
creased to £4,626,091, our proportion was over £2,100,000.
During the last quarter of a year our figures were £622,104,
against £1,331,178 for the whole colony ; so that, in imports
as in everything else, Otago is rapidly becoming as impor-
tant to the rest of the world as the whole of the other New
Zealand provinces lumped together.
Sir George Grey, as we learn from accounts from the
north, has at last begun to act. Temporising expedients
he has tried to an extent which has sickened even those
who originally advocated such a policy. His Excel-
lency's idea seems to be that the natives are at last suffi-
ciently divided from the lapse of time since the last war, to
warrant his moving again; and that by a display of force,
from the use of which he will abstain until absolutely forced
to be hostile, he may be able to reinstate the Taranaki
settlers.

last month's escort returns give a total of 60,000 ounces,
and large quantities have been brought down by those who
have returned to Victoria. Last year, there was a general
exodus of miners ;,bout this period ; for it wa, believed that
to work during the winter was wholly impracticable. But
the Wakatipu and the Dunstan fields, then not known, in-
clude many essentially winter diggings—streams such as
the Clutha, the Buckleburn, the Arrow, Sce.—which are
truly such; where the climate is generally mild, and the
waters lower than during summer, so that the beds of the
stream can be attacked. Then there is the Shotover, pro-
bably the most auriferous river ever yet discovered, and
which is on the Wakatipu field. There the attractions are
so great that hundreds of men have laid in huge stores of
flour, bacon, tea, sugar, and clothes, at fabulously high
prices, 3s. 6d, a pound for flour, for instance—and will allow
themselves to be cut off from the rest of the world by rugged
ranges, most dangerous always, but even now utterly im-
practicable, because of slight falls of snow; their conviction
being that all will have enough to live upon, if they con-
trive to live and work till spring. How they will fare is of
importance to the hereafter of the province as well as to
themselves. All the progress yet made from Lake Wakatipu
into the ranges between it and the west coast show that the
real source of the gold supply lies there ; and fabulously
great funds are anticipated. With provisions cheaper,which
they will be at ter something like roads have been made and
settlements € fleeted, every hit of ground yet worked in
Otago would pay well.

Miss Rye is still here. There has been plenty of discus-
sion about the girls who came with her, arising out of her
complaints respecting the utter want of decent accommoda-
tion in the Immigration Barrack, "in which the " assisted
females " are lodged on landing. Most ungenerous
charges were made against Miss Rye and her protegees
but it was much as an electioneering dodge in connection
with Major Richardson's candidature; and the lady and
the girls had the best of it, to the thinking of all but a few.
Money for a new depot is sure to be voted as soon as the
Council meets, which will be early next month.
P.S. This morning we have news from the North which
seems to show that Matutaera (the King) is in earnest in
his endeavours to smooth the way for the occupation of
the Tataraimaka. The Governor's policy has been to iso-
late the intruding tribe, Ngatiruanui ; and " the King" in-
vited him not to take decisive occupation until after March,
when, if the Ngatiruanui are still obstinate, they will be
left to their fate by the King, William Thomson, and their
adherents. The North, at any rate, seems to be hopeful of a
peaceful solution of this the leading difficulty. It will not,
however, do to lose sight of the lawless and hostile spirit of
ether tribes, which has before been mentioned, and which
may at any moment cause a collision from the sheer im-
possibility of even the long suffering Sir George Grey pa-
tiently submitting to outrages.

Early in March, Sir George Grey started from Auckland
for Taranaki, accompanied by Gen. Cameron, C. 8., and
the Colonial Secretary and Native Minister (M€ssrs.
Domett and Dillon Bell). He was most coldly received by
the settlers, to a deputation from whom he afterwards
granted an interview. It resulted in their submitting a
series of very pertinent questions as to his Excellency's
intentions, both as to dealing with the natives and as
to the disposal of the £200,000 voted long ago by the
General Assembly as compensation for the dispos-
sessed. His Honour took time to consider, and has
not yet replied. But ha began to act by ordering the
military in garrison at New Plymouth to take possession
of Waireka Hill, which had been abandoned since the
war, and had recently been claimed as conquered land by
the fighting chief of Wirimu Kiugi. Possession was taken,
and by the 17th March a stockade had been erected. About
300 men, under Colonel Warre, also took up a position on
Wilkinson's farm, Warieka, which is the southern
boundary of the Omuta block. Then an interview was
granted to two representatives of the King natives, but no-
thing came of it except Maori bounce. Men and munitions
have since been sent from -Manukau to Taranaki. The
force includes 100 men of the Royal Artillery, under
Captain Mercer, who have been mounted as irregular
cavalry. A Colonial Defence Corps has been formed to
co-operate with the artillery, and has been placed under the
command of Col. Nixon, an old Auckland settler. The 70th
Regiment, with the exception of a depot, is at Taranaki, as
are the headquarters of the 57th, and part of the 65th. Two
or three stockades and redoubts have been constructed ; and
the military are road making in a country where the natives
have said that they would not allow such a thing to be done.
Although there is as yet no new of any hostilities at
Taranaki, there is news of a very unsatisfactory kind from
the same neighbourhood. The Waikatos, the most power-
ful tribe of Maoris, occupy country between Taranaki and
England. At •Kohekohe, in the Lower Waikato, his Ex-
cellency had ordered that there should be built a (native)
courthouse, police station, and school. Operations had been
begun, when in the latter part of March 200 natives appeared
and took possession of the ground and works. There was
no attempt made to injure the workmen; but the timber,
&c., was rafted away down the river; and the natives have
declared that they wont have a court house, for they dont
want anything to do with the English. Four days after-
wards (on the 24th), another project of his Excellency's
came to grief in the same district. The king natives have
a newspaper of their own, the Ifokoi, and as it is made
rather a formidable instrument of disaffection, Sir George
sought to counteract its influence by having another jour-

Sanitary Condition of the City of London.

The following quarterly report relative to the
sanitary condition of the City of London, brought
down to the 28th March, has just been sent in to
the Commissioners of Sewers by Dr. Letheby, Me-
dical Officer of Health for the City :

nal in Maori, conducted by Government officials. So the

To THE HON. THE COMMISSIONERS OF SEWERS OF THE

CITY OF LONDON.
Gentlemen,—The returns of births and deaths for the
winter quarter are greatly below the average. In the quar-
ter that has just expired the number of births registered in
the City was 800, and the deaths 803; whereas in the cor-
responding quarter of the last 10 years the average numbers
have been 001 and 841.

Of the 800 births, 441 were males and 359 females; and
of the 803 deaths, 395 were males and 408 females.

The distribution of births has been as follows :-338 were
in the Eastern Union, 228 in the Western, and 234 in the
City proper. These are in the annual proportion of ',32.7 per
1,000 of the population of the first named district, 341 of
the second, and 20.1 of the third--making- together a pro-
portion of 28 per 1,000 for the whole City. In the corres-
ponding quarter of the last ten years, the average propor-

lions were 34.9 for the Eastern Union, 29.1 for the West-
ern, and 21.4 for the City proper—making a general aver-
age of 27 7 for the entire city. In all England, at this season
of the year, the annual birth-rate is about 36 per 1,000 of
the population. While, therefore, the City birth-rate is
much below the general standard for the whole country, it
maintains its average proportion as compared with itself in
former years. _

Of the 803 deaths in the quarter, 293 were in the Eastern
Union, 229 in the Western, and 281 in the City. These are
at the rate of 28.4 for the first -named union, 34.2 for the
second, and only 24'2 for the third—making together a pro-
portion of 28'6 for the ensire City. In the winter quarters
of the last ten years the average proportion has been little
less than 26 per 1,000 ; and in the whole of England, at this
season, it is about 24.8 per 1,000. The mortality, therefore,
of the City population, during the last quarter, has been
rather excessive, the chief increase having been in the poor
localities of the Western Union, where the death-rate has
risen from a general average of 30 in the 1,000 to 34*2.
The ages at death are classified in Table 11, of the Appen-
dix, Three hundred and six, or rather more than one-third

of all the deaths, were among children of less than five years
of age ; and there were rather more than 42 per cent. of the
deaths under 10 years of age. In the Eastern Union the
proportion was nearly 55 per cent. These are the numbers
which have given so large an increase to the general death-
rate, for in former years the average proportion of such
deaths to the total number of deaths has been less than 40
per cent. At ether ages the proportions have not been re-
markable-101 of the deaths, or about 12 per cent. of the
total mortality, were among persons of from 20 to 40 years
of age; 136, or about 17 per cent., from 40 to 60 ; and 200,
or nearly 25 per cent., were among persons of 60 and up-
wards.

The chief causes of death were as follows :--Phthisis 90,
mesenteric disease and scrofula 42, hydrocephalus 27, con-
vulsions and teething 41, bronchitis and pneumonia 170,
continued fever 34, scarlet fever 37, measles 21, whooping-
cough 55, croup and diphtheria 7, diarrhoea 7, smallpox 5
and erysipelas 5; making together about 19 per cent. of all
the deaths from tubercular diseases, 21 per cent. from in-
flammatory affections of the lungs, and nearly 19 per cent.
from diseases of a zymotic character. Nearly all these are
below the average numbers for the season, but a few of the
individual diseases have been in excess of the average;
tabu and scrofula, for example, have risen from an average
of 35 in the quarter to 42; hydrocephalus from 21 to 27;
scarlet fever from 19 to 37 ; continued fever from 28 to 34;
and the deaths from violence from 40 to 53.
Tha increase of the mortality from continued fever has
been chiefly in the Eastern division of the City, where the
number of deaths has advanced from an average of 11 in
the quarter to 18. In the Western Union the deaths from
it have declined from 9 to 5; and in the whole of the City
the sickness from it among the poor has fallen from 138
cases in the quarter to 73—in fact, in the winter quarter of
lest year there were 129 cases of fever on the sick books of
the medical officers of the City Unions.

The total number of cases of all kinds attended among the
poor during the quarter by the union medical officers was
but 2,262, whereas iu the corresponding quarter of last
year it was 3,223; the average number for the quarter
being 2,867.
These facts may be in great part explained by the me •
teorology of the quarter; for, while the mean temperature
has been almost constantly above the average for the season,
the atmosphere has been comparatively dry. During the
whole quarter, except the second and third weeks of March
the mean temperature for each week has been from 2.1 to
7.4 degrees above the average; and the mean temperature
for the entire quarter has been 42.5 degrees at Greenwich.
and 44.9 degrees in the City. This is about four degrees
above the average for the winterquarter the last 43 years. The
highest temperature for the quarter (61 degrees) was on the
3d of March, and the lowest (32*1 degrees) on the 21st of
February. The greatest daily range of the thermometer has
been from 9.8 deg. to 17.9 deg. Very little rain has fallen
during the quarter,although the number of wet days has not
been much below the average. Instead, for example, of a fall
of 4.2 inches of rain in the quarter, which is the averags of
the last five years, there has been but 393 inches. The
humidity of the air has, therefore, been greatly below the
usual standard ; it has ranged from 74 deg. of saturation to
97, but the average has been only 84.
The sanatory work of the quarter is shown in Tables V.
and VI. of the Appendix. It is thus expressed-1,689 houses
have been inspected, and 882 visits have been made to the
common lodging-houses of the City. These have resulted in
the issuing of 737 orders for sanitary improvement.
The markets and slaughter-houses have also been duly
inspected, and the officers have condemned 42,9761b5. of
meat and 729 head of game and poultry as unfit for human
food. The meat consisted of 281 sheep, 6 calves, 54 pigs,
252 quarters of beef, and 434 joints of meat; 33,7741b5. were
diseased, 4,135ib5. were putrid, and 5,0671b5. were from ani-
mals that bad died from disease. All of it was sent to the
boilers and destroyed.

Pi7tothoi .Mokemoke was started, under a Mr. Gorst, but on
the 24th March, during his absence, the place was broken
into, the press broken, the type removed, the letter-box
and its contents stolen, and a threat made to burn all the

In the course of the quarter two persons have been con-
victed of the offence of sending diseased meat to the City
markets. They are—

debris. In all these Maori pranks the English take sides,
„and the newspaper accounts are tinged accordingly. They
are most contradictory as to the instigators and the object
of this destruction of property ; but there can be no doubt
that it was a game of the Kingites, the chief object being
to get rid of Mr. Gorst and his paper. The King men
claim credit for preventing the fire ; and it is alleged that
the great Wirimu and his sister have been "profoundly
grieved" by the outrage, and have personally endeavoured
to get the stolen property restored. Mr. Gorst has refused
to leave the place without the consent of the Governor,
and the gentle savages have allowed him three weeks
grace to get it. Both these events, whether connected
with the King movement or not show the spirit of restless-
less and impatience by which the Maori are just now in-
fluenced. They are protesting that they do not want and
will not have schools of British magistrates amongst
them. They are said to feel that contact with the white skins
has _
induced habits which have tended to the demoralisation
and destruction of their race • and to believe that their sal-
' .vatmu is to be found- in recurring' to their old habits.
:Whether the outrages
believe that the
George Grey's work motree
The goldfields are still
movement,
ges mentioned are, or arc not, connected
with the Ring
y invezeant, or instigated by its leaders, many
a disposition which will make Sir
difficult of accomplishment.
yielding most satisfactorily, The

John Nicholson Halfhead. c3wkeeper, Worship-street,
London, who was fined £5 and costs ; and
Thomas Hewitt, butcher, Wisbeach, who was sentenced
to six months' imprisonment, and a fine of £25 to the Queen.
The quantity of moat condemned in the corresponding
quarter of last year was only 23,4581'e5. As in the preceding
quarter, therefore, the amount of meat condemned is above
the average.—l remain, &c. HY. LETHEBY.
41, Finsbury-square, May 20.

CITY OF LONDON HOSPITAL FOR DISEASES OF
THE CHEST) VICTORTA.-PARK.—The number of patients
relieved at this institution last week was 1,372, of which
208 were now`cases.

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THE SUN,. LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, ji:TNE 15,