The Sun.
London, England, 1839-08-06 00:00:00

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.

Under her MAJESTY'S IMMEDIATE PATRONAGE.
On MONDAY, TUESDAY, and THURSDAY,
AUG. sth, 6th, and Bth.

GRAND PROMENADES MUSICALES ET CHAM-

PETRES,
By the unrivalled Band of this Establishment,
Conducted by Mr. Godfrey.
Exhibition of the Wonderfully-intense and beautiful new Ligh
KONIAPHOSTIC,

Under flie superintendence of Mr. H. Carter.
And the ERUPTION of MOUNT HECLA.
Admission One Shilling.
Feeding Hour Five o'Clock—Concert at Six.
In compliance with the incessant requests to secure places
for viewing the Eruption a number of reserved seats have
been erected, which may be engaged by previous application at
the Walworth entrance.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY.
Morning 42 minutes after 11. I Evening ... 0 minutes after 0.

LONDON :
TUESDAY, AUGUST 6, 1139.

The Lords, on the motion of Lord DUNCANNON, read a
second time the Public Works (Ireland) Bill.
The Chartists must be highly gratified to see how they
nightly fill the Peers with alarm. Last night Lord WIL.

TON dwelt:on the outrages §aid to have been committed by
them at Stockport and Bolton, and insisted that some more
active and energetic measures ought to be taken to
preserve the public peace. The Noble Lord probably
wants a park of artillery to be planted in every town, and
every Nobleman's house to be surrounded with yeomanry.
Five thousand additional troops are to be raised ; we are to
have a rural police at the command of the Justices, besides
the ordinary supply of constables ; trials are numerous, and

punishments severe, for actions which, in the Chartists, are
offences, and in the upper classes are held in honour; and
the Noble Earl wants something more. Perhaps, were
the Peers to decimate the Chartists they might for a time
hush the voice of Chartism. Viscount MELBOURNE seemed,
from his language, to be quite as much alarmed as the
Earl of WILTON, but, acting under responsibility, he
is obliged to be somewhat more cautious. It will, at the
same time, probably embolden the Chartists to learn that

. _
it is impossible to have a force in every part of the country
where danger is to be apprehended. The Noble Viscount,
too, referred to the liberty of the country as an obstacle to
preserving order and keeping the peace ; which we do not
like, as it is an indication that liberty is tolerated, not
loved, by the Noble Viscount.
The Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Bill was read a
third time, after a brief discussion, which indicated, we
thought, a conviction on the part of their Lordships that
they might possibly play the fool too long.
In proposing the second reading of the Postage Bill,
Viscount MELBOURNE took a less favourable view of the
probable effects of the measure than they deserve. He
dwelt, too, somewhat lugubriously on the state of the coun-
try, and referred to the various demands made on its re-
sources for soldiers to subdue and priests to instruct the
people, and for a navy to defend them, as likely to cause
additional taxes next year, whether the Postage Bill cause
a large falling off in the revenue or not.

The Duke of WELLINGTON also took a very unfavour
able view of the probable effects of the Bill, and referred
to the paucity of correspondence amongst soldiers as a
proof that the penny postage would not increase letter.
writing.
Lord ASHBURTON supported the Bill, and recommended
that Foreign postage should be also reduced to one penny,
which would encourage Foreign nations to do the same ;
and without that the measure would not be complete.
Some show of opposition was made. Lord MAN VERB said
he would call out " not content," though echoed by no other
voice, but the Bill was read a second time without a divi-
sion. The Lords got through their business at the com-
paratively reasonable hour of Eleven o'Clock.
TLe Commons met yesterday at twelve o'clock, it being
necessary now for the few who remain in town to work
double tides to make up for the time which was wasted by
faction fights at the early part of the Session.
The third reading of the New South Wales' Bill first
occupied the House at its meeting. No opposition was
made to it, but one or two of the gentlemen, Mr. C.
BULLER, Mr. WARD, Mr. LaeouensuE,:and Lord HOWICK,
who especially devote their patriotism to the colonies,
indulged in orations touching the importance of New
South Wales, and the necessity of governing it well.
In administering to the affairs of distant lands, all our
legislators shine amazingly ; at home their efforts, the
Chartists to wit, owing, of course, to the perverseness of the
people, seem not to be attended with such beneficial effects.
It would appear from a conversation between Lord
MORPETH and Mr. SHAW, that some attempts are to be
made to get another 100,000/. for the Protestant Irish
priesthood, but the Noble Lord hangs back, because
he is afraid the Parliament would not vote the sum.
On the Order of the Day for going into a Committee
of Supply, Mr. FIELDEN moved a string of resolutions
condemning taxes or, the necessaries of life, and proposing
to supply the public wants by an equitable tax on pro-
perty. The Hon. Member entered into a long statement
as to the condition of the people, and insisted that the
country was on the verge of a dangerous precipice.
Mr. Wiwaiis seconded the motion, and dwelt empha-
tically on the unequal Pressure of the taxes on the poor.
Both Hon. Members spoke of the Corn-laws as screwing
money out of the poor to give it to the rich. Mr. ATT
wool) also spoke in favour of the motion ; but on a division
it was only supported by 15 votes, and opposed by 58.
Mr. DILLON BROWNE introduced a motion on the sub-
ject of education in Ireland by an intolerably long speech
for the dog. days, after that subject has been so battered
and beaten for weeks and months. The motion found no
seconder.

In the Committee of Supply there was a brief discus.
sion on the police, and several Hon. Members, with what
we of the Saxon race call a Celtic love of liberty, spoke
strongly in favour of a kind of Irish police. The Irish
come hither, and bring their manners and their institutions
with them, and we prefer the old Saxon local institutions
to the Gaelic and Hibernian system of police. The Sup-
plies asked for were liberally voted, including a million
for Canada, except the poor allowance for Maynooth,
which some Members opposed. Either take away all
State allowance for religion, or make all religions equal
to the State.

The Admiralty Courts' Bill was read a third time. On
the motion that it do pass, Mr. HuME divided the House
twice, first that the salary of the Judge be 3,0001. instead
of 40001. a year ; and next that he be not allowed to sit in
Parliament. He lost the first by 16 votes to 47, and the
last by 20 to 41. The Commoners now in town are quite
gluttons of business; they did a great deal and sat till Two
o' Clock, when they adjourned till Twelve to-morrow—(this
day).

At Monmouth VirieENT and three other persons have
been found guilty of " having conspired andla confederated
with the design of exciting discontenutnalfdfui
together for the purpose of convening meetings,
ogdisaffection
them
in the people, and with the intention of persuading
to resist the lawful authority of the Government, to
the terror and evil example of her MAJESTY'S subjects."iwelve
VINCENT was sentenced to be imprisoned for
calendar months, and his three associates for shorter pe-
riods. We do not question for one moment the legality
of the finding, or the legality of the sentence ; we-
are deeply impressed with the fact that the whole trial
was begun, continued, and ended according to law, as
we belong to those who, like Chief Justice DENMAN,
do not know what the law is ; but we have contracted
a habit of discriminating between law and justice, and
while we cheerfully admit the legality of the conviction
and the sentence, we beg leave to offer to the conside-
ration of the public, hoping that terror has not deprived
them of the power of reflection, cone or two remarks on
the justice of the trial. We are the more inclined to
do
so,
as they refer more to general principles than to
theindividual case, and, if worth any thing, apply
as much to the cases which are yet un-
decided, and
injustice, has already bejguul.inesi(l.oifssibly not. be withoot
influence over the Juries, as to those in which the sen-
tencetiankjeusteiffceecttierlenb etlli
ies
indi-
vidual case, the
vocable—i r re

'Tis done, and numbered with the past."
All our readers have, no doubt, heard of the
story of the ship's Captain and the ship's Cook I

who were tried by a Court-martial composed of
Captains for a similar offence. The Captain was
acquitted and the Cook found guilty. The Cook
was asked how it came about that the results were
so different. " Why, you see," was his answer, " the
Captain was tried by a Jury of Captains ; and I should
have been acquitted, too, if I bad been tried by a Jury
of Cooks." To the case of VINCENT, to the case of
all the men who have been or are yet to be tried at
Warwick, Chester, Lancaster, and elsewhere, charged
with similar offences to those of VINCENT, or offences
growing out of Chartist agitation, this story is strictly ap-
plicable. Had they been, or should they be, tried by Juries
of Chartists, they would have been, or would be, acquit-
ted. The case is stronger even with the Chartists than
the Cooks, for between the latter and the Captains there
was no hostility, but between the middle classes and
the Chartists there is a decided quarrel, and only those
are made the Juries and Judges of these. What do the
Chartists agitate for ?—A share of the political privi-
leges enjoyed exclusively by the middle classes. What is
there singular in their language ?—A great, indiscrimi-
nate, and continued abuse of the Cotton Lords and the
Shopocrats. The great bulk of the Chartists are people
in the scale of society below the level of Jurymen ;
the great bulk of the Jurors are persons dreadfully
alarmed at the Chartist doctrines. They are alarmed
as much by reason of their own ignorance as by reason
of any thing wrong in these doctrines ; and being
alarmed, and regarding, without well knowing why, the
Chartists as their enemies, and the enemies of order and
property, as well as of law and oppression, they alone
constitute the Juries who have to pronounce on the inno-
cence or guilt of the Chartists. It is quite a matter of
course for the Jury to find them guilty. They are
guilty of alarming the Jurors, and they are legally
punished by a law which has been avowedly made to pre-
vent the bulk of the people imposing by their numbers
on the select and chosen few.

A part of the evidence against Mr. VINCENT went
to prove that he endeavoured " to persuade the people
that they were suffering from great grievances ; that
they were paying half their earnings in taxes ; and that
by uniting to obtain the People's Charter better Go-
vernment might be obtained." The common notion,
which makes trial by Jury be preferred to trial by Judge,
is that the Jury, in consequence of being selected from
the class to which the accused belongs, are likely to
sympathise with him and be his counsellors and friends.
They are preferred because they are his peers. Now
in this case of the Chartists—and it may be apprehended
in the majority of criminal cases—the Jurors are in no
case the peers of the accused but their superiors,
their opponents, and so far as the struggle for
political rights goes, their decided enemies. The
Jurymen are all taken from those who possess
the franchise ; and all, therefore, have a legal way of
meeting and making their opinions and wishes known,
and making them attended to, through their representa-
tives. The Chartists have no representatives ; they
have no legal mode of meeting, and when they meet, it
is to obtain a share of those privileges possessed and
anxiously retained by those who are made their Judges.
We do not impute anything dishonourable or disreput-
able to the Jurors ; we merely advert to well known facts,
and universally acknowledged principles ; we see that
the Jurors are all party men, that the dispute is a great
party dispute, like that between the Orangemen and
Catholics in Ireland ; and we venture to submit, that
it is not in human nature to expect that men who are
judges in their own cause, will give a just judgment.
Legal we admit their verdict to be : we cannot pos-
sibly suppose that it is just.
Before concluding, let us ask why Mr. VINCENT iS to
have none but religious books ? Is it part of the sen-
tence that he must feast exclusively on his own thoughts
—that he must be always forced inward on himself to
gloat over his wrongs, real or imagined—to nurse his
own wrath—to sharpen his desire of vengeance—to con-
vert him, perhaps, from a political enthusiast into a fa-
natic or a murderer ? What if he thinks that the
books, which some of the clergy call religious, are very
irreligious books? What if he can draw out of the
Bible horrible justifications of vengeance, and find in it
admonitions to slay without mercy those who are op-
posed to the children of the Lord ? And what if he
conclude that the persecuted Chartists are those chil-
dren ? It would be wiser, in our humble judgment, to
allow him to have any books he can command. Few
books are so full of evil as the thoughts of an injured,
and perhaps desperate man. His taste might lead him
to relish works of fiction or of piety, and works which
inculcate kindness, and so he might be charmed from
himself. It is not good policy to condemn him to nur-
ture his mind by the sentiment of his own wrongs.

In the last Number of the Railway Magazine there
is an article on Turnpike Trusts which possesses great
impartiality in advocating the success of all modes of
conveyance, whether by railroads, canals, or common
road steam-carriages, for the purpose of exciting com-
petition, but which in reality amounts to this—that rail-
roads must, in a very short time, have the monopoly of
conveyance—" that canals have had their day"—that
the expense of road steam-carriages must be so im-
mense as" to render the scheme Utopian in the extreme,"
and that modern trade requires still more rapid
modes of conveyance, which the railways can alone
supply. To a certain extent these statements are
true, but though as warm supporters of railroad con-
veyance as the writer, we cannot assent to the whole of
his doctrines. We think it desirable, and do not con-
sider it Utopian, to encourage speed on canals, and
speed on common roads, by means of steam, because
both are practicable, and also because a vast number of
persons prefer the canal conveyance on account of its
safety, and a still greater proportion prefer the old
highways, because they are pleased with the
scenery of our beautiful landscapes, and are
horrified at the idea of being shot through dark
tunnels, and along giddy viaducts, like apiece ofinanimate
matter, without the power to see, or hear, or move
from the spot in which the servant of some despotic
Company has fixed them, like a bale of goods. We are
the more anxious to see encouragement given to other
modes of conveyance than by railroads, because, when a
great line of railroad has been once established, it must
monopolise the traffic for at least half a dozen of years,
and even in that period no new line can be laid down, ex-
cept at enormous expence, and with all but insuper-
able difficulty in getting the Bill passed through Parlia-
ment. We adduce as an instance, the Manchester and
Birmingham Extension Railway. It has been contested
by interested parties at every stage—it is still before
the Commons at this late period of the Session, and
though it is well known a saving of an hour, or a
shortening of the line may be made by some thirty
miles by Stone and Rugby, yet even when the Bill has
passed the Commons, a caprice of the Lords, or two or
three Noble Peers who have a stake in the old concern,
may throw it back for a Session, and perhaps for ever.
It is easy to say, " let the Government grant as many
Bills for railroads as they please." The writer of the
article well knows that the Government has no
power in the House of Lords, and he knows
also that the very circumstance of the Government sup-
porting any particular measure, or series of measures, is
tantamount to its rejection in the Upper House. Are
not these sufficient reasons for encouraging other modes
of conveyance, which induce " competition, cheapness,
and satisfaction ?" Notwithstanding the taunt of Uto-
pianism, we are of opinion, and are not singular in that
opinion, as the perseverance of many private individuals
shows, that competition may be formed by means of
common road steam-carriages. A Company with that
object in view is at the present moment in full opera-
tion, and a number of carriages have been contracted
ior, and are now nearly ready, at a coach manufactory
in Mile-end. This may be called Utopian, but so was ,
the invention of old Joinv FULTON when he started
the first steam-boat on the Ho4on, and was scoffed at
by the ignorant multitude. We n3tl imagined that since
his time the word " Utopian" had been abjured by
every writer on steam power who had any knowledge of
the subject.

Letters from Constantinople of the 17th ult,, jus
received, announce that on the 1 I th the ceremony of
the girding the young SULTAN with the sword of
OSMAN, and the investing him with the mantle of the
prophet MOHAMMED, took place at the grand mosque
of Eyood, and was attended by the great officers of
the Empire and the Foreign Ambassadors at the Porte.
The sword is the .ymbol of the civil, and the mantle of
the ecclesiastical, power of the SULTAN, who is at
once Emperor and Supreme Caliph of Islam. This
ceremony, which is of the same import in the East as
the Coronation of the Sovereigns of Western Europe,
excited the liveliest interest in the capital. His
Highness was graciously pleased to order a
magnificent tent to be prepared for the reception
of the diplomatic body, who were individually in-
vited to attend. A splendid banquet in the European
style was prepared for them, at which the Prince of SA-
mos presided as the representative- of the SULTAN, and
they were conveyed to their respective residences in the
SULTAN'S carriages. When they had taken their seats
to witness the ceremony, the Sultan sent TEFIK PACHA,
an attendant upon his person, with a message expressive
of the pleasure it afforded him to behold them witnesses
of his inauguration. To this message Admiral Roue-
SIN, the French Ambassador, returned the following
answer in the name of himself and colleagues :
The members of the diplomatic corps congratulate
themselves on being admitted to the presence of his High-
ness the Sultan Abdul Medjid, on the solemn occasion of
his accession to the glorious throne of the o.manlies.
" The diplomatic corps has the honour to offer his High-
ness the respectful homage of its wishes for his happiness,
and the assurance of the continuance of the sentiments of
deep interest and perfect friendship with which the Euro-
pean Sovereigns, its august masters, have constantly
charged the members of it individually to be the interpre-
ters of towards his Highness's glorious father, the Sultan
Mahmoud."
The ceremony of the investiture was followed by an
Imperial Decree, commanding all public functionaries
ti) abandon the Feg, or red cap, introduced by the
Sultan MAHmoup, and to resume the turban. This is
the first triumph of the Moolahs----the first retrograde
step towards the institutions of Islam, whose tottering
co4djtign was so feelingly deplored a few days ago by
gospel-preaching Granny of Shoe-lane. Nothing can
better exhibit the systematia ropery of Priestianity

than to note the organ of Orthodoxy in England de
ploring innovations in Turkey subversive of the Priest
hood of the Koran.

Letters and papers from Smyrna of the 21st
ult. have been received, which state that the Ottoman
Fleet was cruising between Cyprus and Rhodes, and not
at Alexandria, as reported in the late telegraphic de-
spatches addressed to the French Government. The
Smyrna Journals are, however, often so inaccurate in
their reports, that we place greater reliance on an
official statement by a Consul to his Government than
upon their irresponsible announcements. Besides we
have letters from Alexandria of the 17th ult., which
state positively that the Turkish fleet, under the com-
mand of the Capitan Pacha, arrived there on the 14th ;
that MEHEMET Au in person received it with much
pomp on the 15th—and that on the following day the
Turkish and Egyptian fleets were sailing amicably together,
off Alexandria, the officers, and crews respectively ma-
nifesting the utmost good will. The following is the
statement of one of these letters :
ALEXANDRIA, JULY 17.—The Turkish fleet, twenty sail
of which, six of the line and eleven frigates, arrived here
on the evening of the 14th instant ; on the 15th, the Ca.
pitan Pacha landed and was received with every possible
honour. The Pacha greeted him most courteously, ad-
vancing to meet him in full Divan, and saluting him
as a friend ; their subsequent conference was private.
The Capitan Pacha applied for a Nizam dress, the uni-
form of Mehemet Ali, which he now wears; the
two fleets are now cruising together off the entrance
of the port. The Capitan Pacha accuses Kousreff Pacha
of having poisoned the Sultan, and states that he (thi-
Capitan Pacha) wrote to Hafiz Pacha to unite his army to
that of Ibrahim, and jointly march upon Constantinople. I
am afraid that, under all the outward appearances of peace
and contentment, some storm is yet brewing. Mehemet
Ali is in the worst of humours, although he has apparent')
pined all he sought for.
The battle of Nezib and the investiture of the SULTAN
will materially influence the future plans of MEHEMET
Au, who has certainly no longer reason for being in ill
humour with the Divan. This is especially evident
from the following extract from a letter from Alexandria
of the 14th, confirming the account of the concession by
the young SULTAN of the Pachalics of Egypt and Syria
to the VICEROY and his family :
On the 10th a steamer came in from Constantinople
with the official news of the death of the Sultan, and the
strongest assurances on the part of the young Sultan and
of his Prime Minister, Kousreff Pacha, of their
very friendly feelings towards .ehemet Ali ; and
what is of far more importance, the long-con-
tested point of the hereditary Pachalic of Egypt
and Syria in the family of Mehemet Ali is formally and
fully conceded I together with the new firman for these
Pachalics. The young Sultan sent the Pacha a most
splendid decoration, which he wore at his Divan on
Friday, the 12th inst., when firman was also read.
Orders were immediately issued to Ibrahim Pacha to sus-
pend further military operations, and to countermand the
advance of his troops in the Turkish territory. When
the steamer left Constantinople the small affair of the
20th ult. was known, but not that of the 25th. In the
meantime orders had been issued to Hafiz Pacha not fur-
ther to molest Ibrahim Pacha, but which most unfortu-
nately arrived too late. Mehemet Ali is now virtually an
independent Sovereign in everything but the payment of
tribute to the Porte, to which he never objected.
The same letter states that Sir MosEs MoNTEFroaE,
Ex-Sheriff of London, arrived at Alexandria, from
Syria, on the 12th, and was admitted to an interview
with MEHEMET ALI. He proposed to the Viceroy
the establishment of a Bank in Egypt, with a capital of
one million sterling, on the generous stipulation that
the legal disqualifications of his co-religionists, the Jews,
shall be abolished in Egypt and Syria. MEMEMET
ALI promised to take this offer into consideration.
Great numbers of Jews have, within the last few years
established themselves in Palestine, and civil liberty is
now all they require to form the nucleus of a future
State.

The English and French fleets had on the 20th ult.,
sailed for the mouth of the Dardanelles, intending to
anchor off Tenedos. It was supposed that the Admirals
had learned something of the designs of Russia, and
were ordered to be in readiness to force the passage of
the Straits if necessary.

With the exception of various accounts from Con-
stantinople, Smyrna, and Alexandria, which will. be
found in another article, there is no news of the slightest
political interest in the Paris Journals of Sunday. The
Madrid Journals are of the 28th, from which we learn
that the Exaltados have every prospect of a decided
majority in the ensuing Cortes.
The interview between the Carlist Commander-in-
Chief Maroto and Lord John Hay, to which we have be-
fore alluded, is confirmed in the Sentinelle des Pyrenees of
the Ist inst. It says—
" On Saturday, the 27th ult., Lord John Hay left
Bilbao at nine in the morning, accompanied by two su-
perior officers, and went to the Bridge of Bolnesa, where
he found Maroto in waiting. The English Commander
and the Carlist Chief then went together to Miravelles,
and were closeted for three hours, Colonel Colquohoun
alone being present, who acted as interpreter. At the
end of the conference, of which nothing has transpired,
Maroto invited Lord John Hay to dinner, at which also
were Generals Villareal, Simon de la Torre, and Colonel
Toledo. At five o'clock Lord John Hay returned to
Bilbao, and was accompanied by Maroto as far as a quarter
of a league from the town."
It is probable that the Session will be closed on Tues-
day next. The Chamber of Peers voted to-day in one
hour the budget of the _expenditure, on Monday, it will
vote the budget of the ways and means, and this will ter-
minate the business of the Session. Their Majesties, the
King and Queen of the Belgians left St. Cloud yesterday
to return to Brussels.

The Turkish Ambassador was visited yesterday morning
by Count De Appony, the Austrian Ambassador, and by
the Ambassador of Persia.
M. Langsdorff, First Secretary of the French Lega•
tion at Vienna, has just arrived express at Paris.
A letter from Algiers, of the 27th of July, says—
" We can no longer doubt that it is Abdel-Kader, who,
without appearing to interfere, encourages the incursions
of the Hadjouts, who are seen in bands of 10 or 20 on dif-
ferent points of the reserved plain. These enemies are
the more dangerous, as we take them for irregular Spahis
or for Moorish gendarmes; and it is not till we receive their
fire point blank, that we discover our mistake."—Le:Corn-
fierce.

Letters from Athens, of the 19th, state that Prince
GEORGE Of CAMBRIDGE had sailed from Corfu. His
Royal Highness appears to have delighted the British
residents at Athens, by declining the invitation of King
OTIIO to live at the Palace.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT,

(THIS DAY.)

HOUSE OF COMMONS.
The SPEAKER took the Chair at a quarter past Twelve o'Cl ock
SITTING OF COMMITTEES.

Mr. BARING moved that the Committee on the Manchester
and Birmingham (Stone and Rugby) Extension Railway Bill have
leave to sit until five o'clock, notwithstanding the sitting of the
Douse.
Mr. GRIMSDITCH moved as an amendment, that the Com-
mittee have leave to sit until four.

Mr. LEADER said, that if the Committee were not permitted
to sit until five it would be impossible for them to get through their
labours.

Lord J. SOMERSET supported the amendment.

Mr. M. PHILLIPS said the proper way was for those who wished
the adjournment at four o'clock to move it in the Committee and try
their strength there.—(A laugh.) He should support the original
motion.
The House then divided, when there appeared—
For the original motion
For the amendment 5
Majority for the original motion
The Report of the Committee of Supply was then brought up and
agreed to.

_
(
1111 k.,
44-T-;

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