The Sun.
London, England, 1839-10-03 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDA ,OCTOBER 3,

to hear me, but I looked out and saw it rained."—Physie
and Physicians.
We are glad to hear that Mr. Hutt, M.P., is
convalescent, though still very weak.
THE CHURCH LITERALLY IN DANGER,---
The parish church of Long Benton has lately ekhiliited
symptoms of weakness, consequent upon the coal un-
derneath it being removed. It is an old working, and
the coal now obtained there is what is technically
termed the " broken," or the pillars which were left to
support the roof of the pit. These being in course of
removal is supposed to be the cause of the sinking of
the buildings on the surface. On Sunday last during
Diuine Service, a slight noise was heard, and a part of
the plaster fell from the ceiling, indicating a degree of
instability which had not been anticipated, and the con-
gregation immediately sought their safety in a speedy
retreat, leaving behind them their hats, &c. We are,
however, happy to say that beyond the fright occa-
sioned by the circumstance we have just related, there
was no harm done.—Tyne Mercury.
DAILY MAIL TO ORKNEY.—It gives us great
pleasure to learn that Government has at length
determined on establishing. a daily mail to the Orkney
Islands. A mail-boat will cross and rceross the Firth
each day between Huna and the Orkneys, and a mail
gig, contracted for by Mr. Alexander Leith, of the Ca-
ledonian Hotel, Wick, be despatched to Huna from
Wick, and to Wick from Huna, with the mail-bag
every day in the week. The establishment of these
daily conveyances will prove of immense importance
to the northern counties, being a boon of no ordinary
description.—John O'Groal Journal.
STEALING A HEARTHSTONE.—In a case
heard a few days ago in the Insolvent Debtors' Court,
the insolvent was asked if he had not been charged with
felony. He said he had been charged at Stafford,
where he lived, with stealing a hearthstone by the
landlord of his house. He had actually purchased the
stone and placed it on the hearth ; he was, however,
tried at the sessions and convicted ; he was sentenced
to four months' imprisonment, and after he had been
confined two months of the time the bill and receipt
for the identical stone was found in his house, and
forwarded to the Recorder who tried him. That func-
tionary lost no time in laying the circumstances before
the Secretary of State, and the insolvent was speedily
liberated from the gaol.

ARRIVAL OF-THE LONDON POLICE FROM
BIEMINGHAM.—Mr. May, the chief superintendent of
the Metropolitan police force, and a party of thirty men
of the A division, who have been doing duty at Bir-
mingham since the riots, have arrived in town. Se-
veral of the men who accompanied the Superintendent
to Birmingham remain there, having accepted appoint-
ments in tho police force, organised in that town by Mr.
May before he left.

TREATMENT OF HORSES ON A JOURNEY.—
Various opinions exist as to the best division of the
stages which a horse should be ridden or driven when
performing a long journey. This must in some degree
be regulated by his condition. If he is fit to go, with
a journey of a hundred and fifty miles to perform, and
three days to do it in, I should divide the distances
into twenty-five miles each, or as near as the accommo-
dation on the road would permit, starting, especially in
the summer time, early in the morning, and performing,
the first twenty-five miles before breakfast. This en-
ables you to have your horse well dressed, and to afford
him three or four hours rest ; and if he will eat two
quarterns of oats, and a quartern of beans (which
should be divided into two feeds), he will not take much
harm. A moderate quantity of water must be given ;
at the same time it must be observed, that too much
will cause most horses to scour, and likewise to sweat
more profusely ; therefore the less he has in reason the
better till his day's work is completed, when he should
have as much as he is inclined to take. Gruel is an
excellent thing, but it is not readily procured, properly
made, on the road ; it should invariably be boiled, and
I prefer it made with wheat flour, as it remains longer
on the stomach, and is less relaxing than when made
with oatmeal. The usual method of preparing what
they call gruel at inns is to mix oatmeal with warm
water, in which state it is decidedly bad ; its emollient
quality is produced by boiling, and if I cannot procure
it in that state, I prefer water.—Old Sporting Magazine
for October. _ -

In Somersetshire and Dorsetshire the wheat is
all got in, but the barley is either uncut, or lies in a
very wet and discoloured state on the ground. In some
places secondary vegetation has taken place, and it has
what is called grown out, but on the other hand this
state of things is not very general in these two counties.
Wheat has hardly been up to an average, whilst barley
rather exceeds it. A tolerably favourable report may
be given of the state of the crops in Devonshire, and
in Cornwall. We believe the farmers are, as respects De-
von, well satisfied with the wheat, and excepting in ex-
posed districts contiguous to the.moor, and in other
very low districts, neither that nor barley has suffered
very serious injury. On the whole, it may be said, that
the damage which the weather has done is considerable,
referring to the splendid appearance of the crops on the
approach of autumn, but if the weather thies.week be
►ike what it was during that just passed, it is ttf be hoped
that the produce of food in this kingdom will be suffi-
cient for the supply of its inhabitants withola further
importation.—Western Luminary.
BELL-RINGING.----A novel punishment was
inflicted on a juvenile delinquent last week by a medical
gentleman in Lincoln. •It appears that the respectable
inhabitants of Guildhall-street were sorely Annoyed by
the tintinnabularly and rat-tat-tat propensities of cer-
tain practitioners of the ring-and-run-away manoeuvre,
Which mischievous urchins have, from time immemorial,
delighted to practice, and various were the devices re-
sorted to with a view to entrap the offenders. At length
a surgeon resolved to cure the evil in a professional
manner, by bestowing on the tormentors a series of
charges which cculd not fail to sl.ock them, and act as a
wholesome alterative of their system ; he set in mo-
tion his electrifying machine ; his Leyden jar was laden
with the subtle agent, of which a powerful dose was ad-
ministered to the bell-wire, and the operator awaited
with patience the result of his experiment. At length a
bell-ringer stole slily to the door, seized the handle, and
at length on the ground was quickly stretched, having
received a return for his exertions which perfectly elec-
trified him : being thus rendered incapable of flight he
was easily captured, but was allowed to depart, after
receiving a severe admonition, a" sadder and a wiser"
boy than when he commenced his pursuit of knowledge
under unexpected difficulties.—Boston Herald.

TRAVELLING BEFORE BREAKFAST.--A jour-
ney, commencing with a drive under Primrose-hill,
would have been something to astonish our progenitors ;
but what would they have thought of it, coupled with
a stage, before breakfast, of rather more than a hun-
dred and eighty miles? Such was the chance of all who
used the early morning train, on the Birmingham line,
as their mode of transit to Doncaster. That train leaves
the Euston-square station at 6 A.m. Taking Piccadilly
as the average distance each man would have to come,
say 4,+ A.M. would have seen him astir, and with all
ordinary exped;tion he would barely be in time for the
start. Now from Euston•square, as aforesaid, not a
single minute, nor a single place, is appropriated for a
meal of any kind, till you reach Sheffield, a distance of
upwards of 180 miles. —Sporting Review.
LUCRATIVE MERCANTILE APPOINTMENT !
—On Tuesday information was given of a serious rob-
bery committed upon Mr. W. M'Cowell, of N 0.6, Alfred-
place, Bedford-square. It appears that ha had offered
to pay a hadsome sum as a douceur to any one who
could place him in a comfortable and lucrative post, a
service which was undertaken by a person calling him-
self " Mr. James Barlow, of 23, Alfred-place," who of.
fered to procure him a situation in the employ of the
London and Birmingham Railroad Company. After
some negociation he presented a dOcument purporting
to be signed by the Chairman of the Company, appoint-
ing Mr. M'Cowell to the situation of clerk, with a salary
of 2001. a year. Mr. M•Cowell in return presented
him with the promised douceur of 50/. ; but, after all
had the mortification to find that he had been duped,
and that the signature to his pretended appointment
was a mere forgery. A particular description of "Mr
James Barlow" has been furnished to the police. He
is between 45 and 50 years of age, apparently 5 feet
eight inches high, of sallow complexion, with black curly
hair. and whiskers shaved off.
The Charivari cracks some jests on the young.
1-Tereditary Prince of Orange, who, it seems, has no ex-
traordinary character for condescension. It was re-
marked, that at his recent entry into Amsterdam his
Royal Highness scarcely deigned to salute the crowd
which surrounded his carriage, while his 'consort re-
turned their greetings in -the most gracious manner.
Some days afterwards the Prince received an anonymous
letter, accompanied with the present of a new hat, and
the recommendation not to spare it, but to take it of on
all proper occasions, and the donor would take care to
send him a new one when it was worn out.

Vy
FATAL ACCIDENTS.—On Tuesday an inquest
was held before Mr. Carttar, at the Fortune of War,
Woolwich, on the body of John Martin, aged 36, a
bombadier in tEc Royal Artillery. The deceased was
seen labouring under the influence of liquor on the 14th
ult., and he staggered and fell backwards on his head.
He was conveyed to the hospital and lingered until
Sunday last, when he died. The surgeon stated that
the deceased's brain was inflamed, and that there was
considerable effusion, but no fracture of the skull. He
had suffered from delirium, and had not been able to
state the cause of the accident, since his admission into
hospital. Verdict--Accidental death.
HOWDEN GREAT HORSE FAlR.—This cele-
brated mart has been progressively earlier in its com-
mencement during the last few years. All the stables
attached to the principal inns of the town were nearly
full on Tuesday night. The show commenced on
Wednesday, and the town was never observed so full
of company on the first day of the show. Several
extensive purchases have been made of first-rate
bunters and carriage horses, and for which very high
prices were obtained. Mr. Gamgee, of Florence, pur-
chased some very valuable horses, which have left
H,wden for Italy. Thursday, Friday, and Saturday
were the principal days of the show, and Wednesday
will be the great fair day.—Hull Observer.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS• !

(WEDNESDAY EVENING.)
TIMES.—As the week advances some anxiety is
revived in the City on the subject of the United States'
tank, particularly as it. transpired in the course of the
day that the arrangements for giving the requisite gua-
rantees to the Bank of England had met with some
impediment. A few of the leading merchants con-
nected with America bad a meeting, it is understood,
this morning, for the purpose of receiving certain state-
ments from the agent of the United State: ,Bank, to
enable them to form a judgment of the nature 'and ex-
tent of its liabilities, so as to determine whether or not
they could, with perfect safety to themselves, afford
it their protection through the present difficul-
ties. What passed in this meeting, and what
results it has been attended with, must be mat-
ter of conjecture in a very great degree, on
which, for very obvious reasons, it would be impro-
per to dwell. Some say that the disclosures made re-
specting the liabilities of the Bank have struck alarm
into some of those who have underrated them, and that
they hesitate, consequently, at standing any longer in
the position of guarantees, which increases the respon•
sibility of those who are still content to incur that ha-
zard. One estimate has been mentioned, which is not
supposed to exceed the truth, and which fixes the out-
standing liabilities of the United States Bank in this
country, spread over this year and a good part of 1840,
at `3,000,000/., of which 1,100,0001. is said to consist
of bills of exchange, the like sum in bonds, and
800,000/. in post notes. All this sum is independent
of any claims the agent may have upon him for divi-
dends on the shares of the stock of the bank. What
proportion of these securities is at maturity, or
nearly so, it is impossible to state, but it is under-
stood that a very large amount will fall due in the
course of this week. An important consequence
of allowing paper of this description to be dis-
honoured, with which the merchants are perfectly
familiar, though the public are not, is, that an ex-
pense of 20 per cent. is incurred on all bills sent back
to America under protest for non-payment, and hence
it is obvious, that supposing the bank so to have strained
its efforts on the other side as to have prepared the
means of meeting all its engagements here, such an ad-
ditional weight as that of the protest thrown upon it
might bring on a total stoppage. Now, there exists a
difference of opinion among the men of business here,
whether the post notes and bonds of the United States
Bank arc liable to protest or not, and the subject of de-
liberation at the meeting adverted to, is said, according
to some accounts, to have been, whether the bills of
exchange drawn-on the agent should not be alone pro-
tected, and the bonds and post notes left to their fate,
seeing that some little delay would, with respect to them,
be less material, as an arrangement might always be
practicable with that class of creditors, while the cost of
the protest on the bills of exchange would be saved.
Thus, if the latest impressions of the day in the City
are to be taken, some danger of the nature described
is held to be imminent. Altogether, business closed
with a more uneasy feeling on this subject than has been
manifested since the outbreak of the affair in Paris.

The letters from Scotland and Ireland convey very
gloomy accounts relative to the harvest. One from
Glasgow says that there had been six weeks of almost
incessant rain ; that on some days, or parts of days only,
had it been sufficiently dry to get a portion of the grain
cut, and more grain was still cut and unsecured than
was remembered by the oldest inhabitant. It was esti-
mated that not more than a hundredth part of the crop
was secured. As the weather, though rainy, had been
warm and moist, that portion of the crop which had
been cut down and most exposed to the rain had become
green from a second growth, or otherwise injured, so
that no change of weather could restore the quality of
the grain. In consequence of this, large orders for
foreign corn had been sent out, and so general had this
become, that " I have seen," says the writer, " an order
from several small bakers for a cargo amongst them,
when an entire one was too large for a single indi; idual."
This is but a sample of the letters both from Scotland
and Ireland.

One of the trading circulars from Liverpool, ad-
verting to the late refusal of acceptance to the American
bills in Paris, says, " There were decided symptoms of
a general improvement in commercial affairs, when it
became known that the bills of the United States Bank
bad been refused acceptance by their correspondents in
Paris. The sensation produced by this event bad not
yet subsided, though the bills have since been protected.
Anticipation 2 naturally goes to the consequence which
may follow in the United States, and likewise to the
amount of the liabilities of their agent in London.
Looking forward, these difficulties appear great, not-
withstanding which, if satisfactory arrangements can be
made to transfer the bank's business in Europe from
their agent to really responsible houses and under ab-
solute limitations, that infuture this establishment should
be strictly confined to banking business only, much real
good would be accomplished, besides restoring confi-
dence here ; and on the other side of the Atlantic,
such is the elasticity of the people, any difficulties there
would probably be very soon surmounted."

CHRONICLE.—The Corn Market at Mark-lane
has not again declined this morning, but, on the con-
trary, the factors appear to have recovered from the
panic which was apparent amongst them at the close of
the market of Monday, and every description of grain
has been held more firmly during the whole pf to-day.
The reasoning at Mark-lane now is that, under any
circumstances, and however favourable the weather may
remain, a large deficiency of corn must be the result of
the present almost summerless season ; and the accounts
from the provinces very generally estimate the harvest
as below the quantity of lest year. That wheat will
not decline much iurther appears to be the prevailing
opinion amongst the best-informed factors ; for, besides
that the harvest will be deficient to the extent of
4,000,000 or .5,000,000 of quarters of wheat alone,
there is also a considerable less quantity in the
bonded warehouses than at the same period last year.
From the latest official return of the state of bonded
grain of every description, which is made up to tho .sth
of last month, it will be seen that the quantities under
lock at that time—and, with reference to the subsequent
consumption, the return may be taken as correct to the
present time—are, Wheat 360,638, Barley 7,073, Oats
64,764, Rye 758, Beans 29,659, Peas 28,426 quarters,
Flour 85,250 cwt. At the same time last year the
stocks of bonded grain were more than three times
larger than the above return, and yet the duty declined
in the course of the winter to the nominal rate, and for
many weeks the ports were opened for a free trade in
corn, from all which comparative circumstances it be-
comes apparent that the value of all bread stuffs will he
equally high, the duty equally low, and the same or a
larger amount of gold be required for the purchase of
foreign corn.

POST.—The Spectator of Saturday last enters into
an examination of some statements made by us with re-
ference to the financial prospects of the country, the
" croaking" of our Stock Exchange speculators having
furnished occasion for the controversy. The Spectator
has, however, totally mistaken the drift of our obser-
vations. The affairs of the Bank of England arc before
the world, and to attempt to mystify them would be a
very great folly in any public writer. The return last is-
sued from the Exchequer-office of the " liabilities and as-
sets"shows that the stock of bullion held by the Corpora-
tion has decreased to less than three millions ; that there
is consequently, cause for anxiety for the future, consi-
dering the partially unfavourable season the farmer has
had far securing his crops, and the probability
of large importations of wheat from the Continent be-
coming again requisite, is more than we pretend to deny.
We think, on the contrary, there is every imajinahlc
cause. Yet the Bank of England has credit with the ,
Bank of France for gold to the extent of two millions
more, so that the alarm of the Stock Exchange specu-
lators is at all events, as we have declared it to be,
" premature." With a store of almost five millions of
specie the Bank of England is evidently not reduced to
the extremity that these very provident gentlemen
affect to apprehend. Ample time is yet left to pre-
vent the occurrence of any actual crisis ; but, as we
are sending nothing to the Continent in the way of
manufactures, and whatever corn is imported by
our merchants must be paid for in gold, the merest
tyro in commercial matters must perceive the neces-
sity of the most cautious management on the part, I
not of the Bank alone, but on that of the Government
also, if not for the interference of the Legislature. The
Bank are doing all they can to stop the drain, but their
hands are partially tied, and they do not possess powers
adequate to the emergency. The Spectator's remark
about the " abolition of the corn duties," as a remedy
for the evils of the present banking system, we regard
as an ill-timed pleasantry, and one to which no reply is
necessary. We would ask the Spectator, however—
for this is the point to which we have desired more
particularly to call attention—whether, in the present
deranged state of things, there is any occasion for the
Government he supports, and these very Stock Ex-
change alarmists to whom we have alluded, to add to
the embarrassments of the Bank by the hum-
dation of our markets with fresh loans for the
service of foreign States—insolvent States withal ?
We have seen how the Mendizabals, the Ardouins,
and the rest were treated by the Governments of
Prussia and Austria, when they sent agents into their
markets for the purpose of exchanging bankrupt bonds
for gold. A rigid police system put the Prussians and
Austrians in possession of a. timely knowledge of what
was passing, and the swindling operations contemplated
at Berlin and Vienna were accordingly frustrated. The
Dutch have recently acted with similar prudence in deal-
ing with another affair, the tendency of which was to dis-
tress them for gold, and yet neither the Prussians nor
the Austrians, any more than the Dutch, have been la-
bouring for many years past, as we are now doing,
under a severe financial prePsure, to aggravate which
the Downing-street authorities are understood to be
considering a proposition from the Spanish Government,
one of the principal elements of which, if not the basis,
is the raising another loan for them in London. The
prospects of the new Chancellor of the Exchequer,
Mr. Baring, are said to be far from cheering, as, in

fact, they certainly squat be, we should conceive, from
the very depressed state of oar commerce during the
quarter just on the eve of its termination. We ventured
some time ago to suggest the policy of levying a duty
on the transfer of foreign securities. A substitute for
the assumed falling off in the Post-office department
has not yet been fixed upon. Now, there could be
no more legitimate object of taxation, nor a fitter
moment than the present for its adoption, than the
one we have named. The Spectator has by this time a
more distinct idea of our meaning. A bold impost on
foreign bonds, and on every transfer of the same in the
English markets would be attended with all sorts of
good results. The public purse would be protected,
gambling would be checked, the hands of the Bank of
England would be strengthened, and, if any more
"croaking" were heard within the precincts of Capel-
court, it would be at a circumstance in which there
would elsewhere be found cause for rejoicing.

HERALD.—Money has been much in demand to-
day, in fact, as the 4th of the month approaches, it
cannot until after that period be much lower in value.
It has been reported to-day with much confidence that
the post notes of the United States Bank have not
been or will not be paid, when at maturity ; this can
ouly refer to the class falling due at the present time, or
rather within three days. We are inclined to treat the
rumour as premature, and we are informed that a large
supply of specie is expected by the Great Western, as
the exchange was at the last dates somewhat in favour
of its exnort from New York to this country. In the
mean time we hope this latter statement may prove cor-
rect ; the less, however, that is said about the affair,
under the commercial circumstances of this country,
the better ; but it is high time that the commercial in-
terests of this country should arouse themselves, and
discountenance this foreign system of foreign banks
drawing upon Aldgate pump, when our own laws so
severely punish the issuers and accepters of accommo-
dation bills.

It is again strongly considered amongst a large por-
tion of the commercial and monetary circles that the
Bank of England will resort to an issue of 1/ and 2/
notes as the best mode of equalising the foreign ex-
changes and the current rates of interest upon money.
In the prosecution of such a measure we see no cause
of alarm, and in the expression of that opinion we are
far from being singular. It is a matter of financial
history that their issue saved the country in the panic
of 1825-18'26 , it does not, therefore, follow that a
re-issue will ruin it. Had the former issue not been
delayed so long much misery and many fortunes would
have been saved. Prudence, therefore, may now dic-
tate, if such a measure is really contemplated, that
the sanction of the Queen in Council should immedi-
ately be obtained, so that the relief required may be
gradually administered without delaying it, as before
until the eleventh hour.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
(Front the Advertiser.)
To tax food is to tax life ; for it is to tax that with-
out which life cannot be sustained, and, as the dra-
matist observes, " you take my life when you take
that whereby I live ;" so that even if the sum exacted,
from the general community by the operation of the
Corn-laws were applied to the liquidation of the na-
tional expenditure, still would the tax be of a most
oppressive and iniquitous nature, as bearing on all
parties alike, without distinction of circumstances or
reference to the means of individuals. It would be
like taxing the air we breathe, of which the rich man
and the poor man are equal consumers ; but the fact of
one being in a position to pay for what he needs,
experiencing little or no inconvenionce, and the other,
unable to do so, and therefore exposed to death from
asphyxia, constitutes the whole difference. But when
it is considered that the surplus price exacted from the
consumers of corn is not carried to the national treasury,
but solely into the pockets of the landlords, the ini-
quity of the case becomes unparalleled, or equalled only
by the forbearance or stupid apathy which permits the
continuance of its infliction. The bread-tax is even
worse than an air-tax, because the air is equally distri-
buted through all parts of the globe, and therefore can-
nct become a medium of exchange ; but corn is not
and by prohibiting its introduction from those places
where it is redundant to those where it is dificient, the
germ of commerce is crushed, foreign corn is left to rot
on the hands of its producers, as are our manufactures
at home : whereas but for the atrocious prohibition, each
article would find a profitable mart where it would be most
needed, new life would be infused into our whole commer-
cial system, consumption would necessarily increase with
the facility of supply, a brisk and steady demand would
call industrial exertion at home and abroad into greater
activity, and as the wealth of nations has its basis in
industry and interchange, the increased prosperity
arising from thus giving commerce unfettered action
would render the reduction in the price of corn, from
the abolition of the prohibitory duties, far less than is
expected by one party, or apprehended by another.
Here we have from our machinery and skill the
means of producing manufactured goods of all kinds
far beyond our domestic wants ; abroad, in many
countries, they have the means of producing corn in-
finitely beyond their necessities. Our population pines
for food, theirs for raiment and the other products of
our artisans. Can language denounce in terms of suf-
ficient condemnation any system which would raise a
barrier to the interchange of mutual redundancies to
supply mutual wants under such circumstances ? The
oft-repeated ad captandum appeal to " the bold peasan-
try, the country's pride," is sheer blarney." What
do the bold peasantry gain by the Corn-laws ? The
interests of the labouring classes, whether of the manu-
facturing or agriculturardass, are identical. All must
live and let live. if the hatter 'pay sixpence more for
his food in consequence of the Corn-laws, he must charge
the peasant sixpence more for his-hat. , If-the tailor be
mulcted in a similar way, he must transfer the charge
to his customer. The weaver ditto, ditto, and so down
to the very nailor who supplies the clouts for the
bold.--peasantry's" brogues ; all must- transfer the
charge of their sustenance to the consumers of their
products, and thus the " bold peasant" is obliged
to contribute his full equivalent to the bread tax. But
what becomes of all these extra sixpences? Aye, there
is the rub. Does the peasant receive them in wages?
No ! for these are apportioned to the mere means of
supplying his necessities. Does the farmer receive them
in high prices ? No ; for the rents are apportioned to
these. So that tracing the whole system throughout all
its complications and ramifications, in high rents, that is,
in the pockets of the landlords, only does the surplus
price of corn resolve itself. The question, therefore, is not
one between the agricultural and the commercial lasses,
but one between the landlords and the whole community.
We are aware that leases and mortgages will be pleaded
in support of the monopoly, but these, especially the
latter, should not be allowed to prevent the accomplish-
ment of a great national good. Besides, if necessary,
provision might be easily made for extreme cases on a
fixed scale ; but even without such provision, the im-
mense field of operation which a free trade in corn
would open to national enterprise, by sustaining nearly,
if not altogether, an equally high price for a more
abundant supply of corn, would protect leaseholders,
mortgagees, and landlords, from any serious loss. But
we take higher ground, and affirm that the interests of
the nation, and not its interests only, but its very ex-
istence, should not be sacrificed to the monopoly of any
class.