The Sun.
London, England, 1863-07-11 00:00:00

HIE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENiNG, JULY 11. 1863

to the native Christians, and liberty is guaran-
teed to those who are not Christians. It seems
the intention of those reformers to establish trial
by jury, for we hear that—" No person is to be
put to death for any offence by the word of the
Sovereign alone, and no one is to be sentenced to
death till twelve men have declared such person
guilty of death." Certainly, regarding the peace-
ful termination of this strife it may be said that
it could have led to many worse results and occa-
sioned much more suffering. There is no secu-
rity that these conditions will be kept, but if they
are even partially adhered to considerable advance
will have been made by Madagascar in the pro-
gress of civilisation and commerce. Indeed many
more favoured States might with advantage adopt
some of these rules, and endorse the opinions of
this new regime. There was not the angry spirit
attending this affair that so often disfigures the
conduct of those conducting emeutee and presiding
over revolutions. The instigators of the revolu-
tionary movement worked for a definite end ; when
this was obtained, order was restored and peace
was fully maintained. So far, then, this dark epi-
sode in the history of Madagascar may not be with-
out its good effects. It may serve as a warning to
future Sovereigns not to adopt pernicious sugges-
tions that may be made to them by timeservers,
and it may also serve to establish a precedent, as
it were, that in any future disturbances in the
State that may arise from an untimely concur-
rence of events prudence and moderation can gain
their end more effectually than violence and un-
bridled rage.

The speech of Lord PALMERSTON on Thursday
night was a triumphant vindication of the policy
pursued by the Government with respect to our
system of national defence. The noble Premier
said very justly that, in following that course, the
Government had only gone in the wake of public
opinion, for the mind and the heart of the country
were set upon the defence of the naval arsenals and
dockyards. We have had enough of panics. They
are undignified, unsatisfactory, and quite out of
keeping with our power and position. The question
arises, "How are they to be avoided ? " Certainly
not by the assertions of hon. gentlemen, who alter-
nately ridicule the idea of invasion as preposterous
and denounce its very mention as insulting to
friendly powers. "If hon. members," said Lord
PALMERSTON, "could, by saying broadly that in-
vasion is impossible, render it so, why, well and
good ; but they are like the people of the Northern
States, who have been for two years saying posi-
tively that the rebellion would be put down in three
months, in 90 days, which were always beginning,
and never ending, whereas now, instead of being at
Richmond, they are anxiously expecting the possi-
bility of the enemy attacking them at Washington
or Baltimore." Such unreasoning self•confidence
is the weakest defence which a nation can have,
and if we wait until the enemy are actually in sight
before we begin to make our preparations for re-
ceiving them, we are likely to play a somewhat
undignified part. Lord PALMERSTON ridiculed
the notion that a man could be made into a general
by patting on a cocked hat, but the task of properly
fortifying a defenceless spot of great national im-
portance is a longer one than that of finding an
efficient military leader. Lord PALMERSTON showed
the House very clearly how, by constructing the
proposed fortifications at Pcrtsmouth and Spithead,
the dockyards instead of offering easy access to an
invading force, could only be entered after a regular
siege, and the invader would have no choice but to
attack London. The noble Premier showed the
malcontents how greatly this reduced the chances
of invasion, since it would require a very different
army to advance to the English capital from the
force that would be requisite for running into de-
fenceless dockyards and destroying all before them.
Such a force, said the Premier, might well be spared
or surrendered when its work was done by a country
who wished to rival us at sea, and called upon those
gentlemen who wished to rest upon the navy as the
great defence of the country to protect those dock-
yards, without which we cannot have a navy at all.
The opinions of the most able professional men,
military, naval, and scientific, are all in favour of
the proposed scheme, and those gentlemen who, for
the sake of the expense, would alter the plan and
omit considerable portions, should remember that by
so doing they will weaken the whole design. As
in a skilfully played game of chess each piece sup-
ports the other, so every fortification depends in
some degree on its fellow, and by leaving out a
part the value of the real will be very much les-
sened. The Duke of WELLINGTON is known to
have expressed his opinion that our south coast
was open to invasion. He considered that Ports-
mouth, Dover, and Aldershott, properly equipped,
formed a triangle, which would make it very diffi-
cult for any enemy to find his way to London. In
the face of such an authority Mr. COBDEN'S pro-
tests deserve about as much respect as he would pay
to a military critic on the factories of Lancashire.
The Iron Duke was at least as capable of consi-
dering the national honour as the hon. member for
Rochdale, and if he did not consider that it was any
sign of sense or spirit for a country to remain un-
defended any more than for a soldier to go to battle
unarmed, Mr. COBDEN may set aside his new and
inconvenient scruples. Sir J. FERGIISSON com-
pletely answered the arguments, if such they can
be called, of the member for Rochdale. He replied
to his deprecation of the outlay upon these works
by saying that the public felt persuaded that they
were likely to effect a great saving of public money,
especially in times of emergency. Sir DE LACY
EVANS also expressed his warm support of the
measure, and recapitulated the recommendations
of the committee who considered this question.
Among these was the defence of Woolwich, and
the erection of a grand central arsenal in the in-
terior of the country. This is an excellent project,
and one which we hope to see carried out before
long. Such a reservoir would render us indepen-
dent of sudden surprises, and would, indeed, lessen
the inducements to seize on our more exposed
depots. Forewarned is forearmed. All these
schemes do not indicate that Englishmen are grow-
ing weak or cowardly, or that they anticipate that
their country would fall an easy prey to an invader.
But the wisest men do not want to learn wisdom
by experience. They foresee danger, and prepare
for it, so that when the evil day comes they are
equal to the emergency, instead of being overcome
by it. The part which England should take in
European politics should be played without fear of
consequences, a proper system of national
defence
onlyeient services can qualify her
and
ftilly and
effi
for it. Whatever may be the opposition from the
advocates of peculiar crotchets within the walls of
St. Stephen's, the sense of the country is with the
movement, and Lord PALMERSTON may rest
assured of the national support and approval pro-
vided the works are well and wisely carried out.

Mr. R. Vaughan Williums has been appointed
Judge of the County Court of Circuit No. 9, in the
Place of Mr. Richards. The name of this gentleman is fami-

liar to the readers of the law Times, as he was for some
years one of its reporters in the Common Pleas. The list
of judges and law officers in high places who have been
taken from the ranks of our reporters and contributors will
be as gratifying to our readers as it is to ourselves. Doubt-
less, it is because it has proved a help to honour, that this
journal has been enabled to enlist so many able men in its
service.—Law times of today—just published.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

REUT ER.S TELEGRAMS,

DENMARK.
INTERVIEW BETWEEN THE KINGS OF
DENMARK AND SWEDEN.

COPENHAGEN, JULY 11.

The Malin° Mallpost of to-day states that inter
views will take place shortly between the Kings of
Denmark and Sweden, first in Denmark, and sub•
sequently in Sweden.

The same paper says :—" It is probable that the
real cause of the meeting of their Majesties is the
prospect of serious differences between Germany
and Denmark."

PRUSSIA.
VISIT OF QUEEN VICTORIA TO ROENAU.

BERLIN, JULY 11.

The National Zeitung of today announces that
the English ambassador, Sir Andrew Buchanan,
will receive her Majesty Queen Victoria on the
y her Majesty to
RBeolsgeinaanu,fwrohnetrieers,
iarnAdndarcecwomwpiall remain during then
Royal visit.

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.
WARSAW, JULY 7.

The following is the proclamation repudiating
all intention of accepting diplomatic intervention,
referred to in a recent telegram au having been
issued by the Revolutionary Committee:—

"THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT TO TUE TOWN

ORGANISATION.

"The silence observed by the Government until
now upon the insurrection question, arid the lively
attention directed thereto by public opinion, as
bearing upon foreign action, has confirmed the
notion of weak minds that the Government had not
the courage to disclose its political creed to the
nation, and, relying in secret upon the hope of
assistance from without, had instructed its foreign
agents in that sense. Such an idea, dangerous
to public quiet, is the more disadvantageous to the
popular cause; because several national officials,
instead of opposing these injurious influences, have
themselves succumbed to their operation. By
loosening the bonds connecting them with
the highest tribunals, they have shaken the
moral ties between the nation and the
Revolutionary Government. Prior to the ap-
pearance of a document which will acquaint the
entire nation with the position of the home and
foreign policy of the insurrection, the National
Government by this present circular informs ad
its officials in Warsaw,
whore position permits
them to pacify the public mind, that the programme
of the Government, as developed in the manifesto
of the 22d of January last, has not undergone the
slightest change.

" Acquainted with the enormous strength of the
nation, the Government is convinced that, with the
people's aid, it can throw off the yoke of slavery.
The Government having, before God, the nation,
and posterity, undertaken the sacred duty of fight-
ing to the last man and to the last drop of blood, it
will not lay down its arms until Potibh soil is no
longer trodden by a Russian foot. Yes, the inde-
pendence of Poland alone can put an end to the
present strife.
"In its position as a Government the revo-
lutionary tribunal is unable to break off its
relations with diplomacy, which it may be stated
have hithErto only possessed a passive character in
order to obtain means for combat. The National
Government has never been deceived as to the ac-
tual diplomacy which is favourable to our cause.
For this reason also it
has never entered into Lego-
ciations for an armistice, having perceived that if
it is ever to incur an obligation towards foreign
Powers, this could only
be done upon a footing of
perfect mutual equality, the Government occupying
the position of the representative of a free and inde-

pendent nation.
" It is hoped that this declaration will terminate
all further doubts of the popular officials upon whom
the Government calls to continue faithful to their
duties. The Government, upon which all responsi-
bility rests, must also concentrate in itself the entire
strength of the nation, and is at the same time en-
titled to demand every possible sacrifice from the
citizens, even to disposition over their lives and pro-
perty. The duty of the Government is further to
in addition to the obedience
watch that no political element is withdrawn from
the zeal and energy political supre-
macy, guidance, and that everything done for the
country is only accomplished through its means. It
will steadfastly fulfil this duty with the assistance
of the officials, Rho
macy,
essentialha have
eo tahlseom
to display
ofth
required by the important epoch of life-and-death
combat with the usurper."
In connection with this proclamation the National
Government has determined to draw up an explana•
tient stating the reasons why it could not accede to
the six points supported by the Western Powers,
even in case of their acceptance by Russia. A com-
munication having been received from Paris that
the Emperor Napoleon would refuse to take notice
of any such document, the National Government
has resolved upon addressing a manifesto upon the
subject to the nations of Europe. This proclama-
tion is to be drawn up in French, German, English,
and Polish, and is to be issued throughout Europe
upon the same day when Prince Gortschaktff'r
replies to the notes of the Western Powers are given
to the world.

SPAIN,

MADRID, JULY 10.

The official Gazette of to-day publishes a Royal
decree, according to which the Customs tariff on
iron, fixed in December, 1862, is maintained.
The rumours of a Ministerial crisis are unfounded.

THE WEST COAST OF AFRICA MAILS.
LIVERPOOL, JULY 11.

The royal mail steamer Athenian, from the West
Coast of Africa, arrived here this morning, with
401cz. of gold dust, end £2,320 in specie. Her
dates are Benin, May 24; Fernando Po, June 1 ;
CameroonF, M9Y 29; Oid Calabar, June 2; Braes
River, 4; Bonny, 7: Lagos, 10; Accra, 12; Cipe
21 ; Bathurst, 25Cape Palmas, 17; Sierra Leone,
; Teneriffe, July 1 ; and Ma-
dCeoiarsat
3.Castle, 13 ;

Although the steamer brings no despatches, pri-
vate information states that trade was in a very
ne, and the unsettled relations with the Bing
of
Ashantee.o in consequence of prevalent sick-
depressed state,

OUTRAGE UPON THE ENGLISH CONSUL

RESIDENT AT SCUTARI.
PARIS, JULY 11.

The Paris
Papers of this morning publish the
following telegram from Ragusa, dated the 10th

:nst.

" Mussulman rioters at Dulcigno have forcibly
entered the house of the English Consul resident
at Scutari, who had arrived at Dulcigno. The
Consul's coachman was killed, and the Consul com-
pelled to barricade himself in his apartment. The

rioters were dispersed by the orrival of the

inilitary."

FRANCE.

SURRENDER OF THE CITY OF MEXICO

TO THE FRENCH.

PARIS, JULY 11.

The Government have received a telegram, dated
Ist July, from the French Consul at New York,
announcing that news had been received, via San
Francisco, of the surrender of the City of Mexico.
The following official statement has been published
to-Lay :—" Certain foreign journals have published
a letter purporting to have been addressed by the
Emperor to the Countess Platen. This letter was
not written by the Emperor."

BOURSE, July 9.—The market has been heavy,
and the limited amount of business doing shows
rather lower prices. Threes, for the Account, are
now at 68f. 50c. Mobilier Shares have been
offered, and are now at 1,182 fr. 50c. Railway
Shares also show a decline, but with little business.
The market closed as follows:

11 per Cents. 97 Italian Loan 7l 75
Do. end month.... Do. end month —
3 per Cents
Do. end month.... 68 55 Do. end month —
Credit Mobilier.... 1185 Russian
Do. end m0nth....1180 Austrian

Bank Shares 3410
Credit F oncier ... , 1320

Spanish Threes. „
Home Debt

RAILWAYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans
Northern ....
New ditto — .. --
Lyons and Mediterranean 1022 50 .. 1023 75
Geneva 477 50 .. 477 50
Southern
Western
Eastern ....

Sardinian
Austrian

.. 410 -
.. 462 50

Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa 697 50 .. 696 25
Ditto to Barcelona

AMERICA.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAM.)

(Per the Scotia.)

NEW YORK, JUNE 29 (Evening).

General Hooker has been relieved from
the command of the Army of the Potomac
at his own request. General Meade, a West
Point graduate, and late commander of the Fifth
Corps of the Potomac army, has been appointed his
successor. General Meade is not connected with
any political faction.
General Hooker has issued an order, saying that
he parted from the army impressed with the belief'
that his usefulness as a commander was impaired.
General Meade has issued an order stating that
he accepted the command, which was totally
unexpected and unsolicited, with great diffidence.
Re relieved an eminent and accomplished soldier,
and relied upon the troops to assist him in dis-
charging his trust.

The sudden change of command at the present
crisis has caused general astonishment.
The whole of General Meade's army is upon the
north side of the Potomac.

•
General Lee, with the last of Longstreet's and
H ill's corps,passed throughHagerstown on Saturday,
and Lee's whole army is now in Pennsylvania,
which it is believed he intends to make the future
battle-ground.

General Stuart's cavalry has followed Lee across
the Potomac.

Evvell's, Hill's, and Longstreet's corps are esti-
mated:at 75,000 men.

The Confederate advance in Pennsylvania has
not yet met with any organised resistance, though
the inhabitants appear to be a little more roused.
Business in Philadelphia is entirely suspended,
and the Pennsylvanian collieries are closed.
General Dana has issued a proclamation stating
that the Confederate strategy was sufficiently under-
stood to make it certain that Philtdelphia was their
object, and urging the people to arm for defence.
The mayor cf Philadelphia has called upon the
people no longer to close their eyes to the startling
danger and disgrace hanging over the State and
city.

The Confederates occupied Carlisle on the 27th
inst., and on the following day advanced to within
three miles of the Federal fortifications opposite
Harrisburg, where there is a large Federal force,
and there resistance is expected to be offered to a
further Confederate advance.

The Confederates at Macconellsburg have also
marched towards Harrisburg. General Early's divi-
sion has moved from Harrisburg to a point between
York and Hanover Court-house, cut the telegraph
wires, and destroyed numerous bridges, cutting the
railroad communications between Harrisburg and
Baltimore. There now only remains one railroad
line connecting the Northern States with Wash-
ington.

The Confederates have also occupied York, Me-
chanicsville, and Wrightsville, where the Federals
destroyed the bridge stretching across the SuEoue-
hannah to Columbia, in order to prevent the Con-
federates advancing further. The bridge was one
mile and a quarter long, and cost a dollars.
General Ewell has issued an order enforcing rigid
discipline, and warning his troops that wandering,
marauding, and plundering are forbidden. What
is required for the army will be taken under regu-
lation established by the commanding general,
according to the usages of civilised warfare.
A large force of General FitX-iugh Lee's cavalry
has passed within 14 miles of 'Washington, on the
north side, and it is supposed that they are striking
for the piece of trestlework on the railroad between
Washington and Annapolis Junction.
Another Confederate cavalry force made a dash
into Annandale on Sunday, destroying stores and
capturing waggons. Nine hundred Federal cavalry
fell into an ambuscade near Fairfax, on Saturday.
the 27th inst., and were badly cut up by Gen. Lee's

cavalry.
Gen. Rosecranz's army, with the exception of
one division, commenced moving on the 24th inst.
Gen. Banks issued an order on the 15th instant,
saying that with one more advance the works of
Port Hudson would be captured. He calls upon
the troops to organise a volunteer storming column
of 1,000 men. This last assault was to be made on
the 20th inst., and if not successful it was supposed
Gen. Banks would fall back to Baton Rouge.
The Port Hudson works are considered impreg-

nabie.
Heavy cannonading continued at Vicksburg on
the 25th.
The crew of the privateer Tacony, under Lieut.
Reed, transferred themselves to the schooner
Archer, which they had captured. They then took
the Archer into Portland Harbour on the 26th at
night, and boarded and seized the revenue cutter
Caleb Cushing, putting her crew in irons, and sail-
ing out of Portland with the Caleb Cushing and the
Archer. Upon the 27th (morning) two steamers,
with 30 regular troops and 100 armed citizens of
Portland, started promptly in pursuit, and soon
overhauled the Caleb Cushing and the Archer, and,
after a few shots were fired by both parties, the
privateer's crew abandoned the revenue cutter in
small boats, and blew her up. The latter, however,
together with the Archer and her crew, were
after wai ds captured by the steamers, and taken into
Portland, where they are held prisoners.
NEW YORK, June 30 (Evening).
General Dix, with a strong force, has occupied
White House, and sent out a cavalry expedition
which destroyed the Virginia Central Railroad
bridge across the South Anna River, brought in
prisoners and stores, and captured Confederate
General Fitzhugh Lee, who was lying ill at a pri-
vate house. The same cavalry force penetrated
within nine miles of Richmond.
The Confederates in Tennessee retreated fighting
before GEneral Resecranz's advance, and Resecranz
occupied Manchester and Shelbyville, the Confede-
rates falling back to Tullahoma, which it was sup-
posed Bragg would abandon and retreat to Chatta-
noooga.
News from New Orleans to the 22d states that
the Confederates had reoccupied Thibaudeau and
the Attakapas coufitry, and advanced to Lafourche
Crossing, but were driven back. They also seized

the Opelousas Railroad, and cut off the Federa's at
Bruhear city,

The abandonment of the siege of Port Hudson by
General Banks is considered probable,
Advices from Vicksburg are to the 26th inst. The
Federels had blown up one of the forts on the left,
and had mounted two guns in the abandoned fort.
Southern journals assert that General Pemberton
receives reinforcements from across the river. It
is rumoured that General Johnston has moved
southward to attack General Banks.

Much alarm prevails in Kentucky and Ohio.
Generals Pegram and Marsha'', with 15,C00 men,
are reported to be advancing through Cumberland
Gap.

Preparations for defence are being made at Cin
cinnati.

Th© reported depredations by privateers at the
mouth of the 13ay of Fundy are not credited.
The steamers Hecla, City of Baltimore, and China
have arrived out.

Tho steamers Planter and Neptune have been
captured off Mobile.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Money easy. Gold, 47 premium. Exchange,
Bankers' bills, 161. Stocks dull--New York Cen-
tral, 1198 ; Illinois, 100-1 ; Erie, 94k; Six per Cent.
United States Bonds, 1014. Cotton buoyant—
Middling Upland, 74c. to 75c. Flour, good in-
quiry ; wheat heavy ; corn dull. Provisions steady.
Coffee quiet; sugar, good inquiry; molasses quiet
crude petroleum buoyant, 321 c.
NEW YORK, July 1, Morning.
The Confederates have retired from the line of
the Susquehannah, and General Lee is reported to
be concentrating his army on the line of the Cum-
berland Valley railroad, between Shippensburg and
Chambersburg, as if expecting an attack from
Meade's army. Various Corfederate.cavalry forces
who have been marauding in close vicinity of
Washington, are said to have returned and joined
Lee.

The present position of General Lee's (Meade's ?)
army is not known, but it is reported to be in rapid
motion, and its progress thus far has relieved the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad of Confederate
cavalry, and restored telegraphic communicaticn
with Frederick.

News of a collision between the main armies of
Generals Lee and Meade is hourly expected.
Up to Saturday 37,000 Confederate troops, with
104 pieces of artillery, passed through Chambers-
burg, and on that day General Lee and staff, in
company with Generals Longstreet and Hill, left
Chambersburg on the Baltimore pike in the direc-
tion of Gettysburg and the Northern Central rail-
road.

General Early has levied a contribution at York
of 150,000 dollars and large quantities of supplies
from the inhabitants. He received 30,000 dollars,
and gave the inhabitants twenty days to pay the
balance.

Entrenchments are being dug round Philadel-
phia, and the merchants of that city have forwarded
large quantities of goods to New York for safety.
The Governor of New Jersey has again called
oat the militia to go to the aid of Penusyhania.
The public clamour for 111‘Clellan's re-appoint-
ment continues.

The Confederates continue to respect private
property, but the Richmond Enquirer says that Lee
may purposely adopt this policy to avoid alarming
the population, until General Meade's army is well
cleared out his path and General Lee is enabled to
throw the whole Confederate army into Pennsyl-
vania in one combined movement, enveloping Wash-
ington on one side, Harz isburg on the other side,
" and so forward until the Confederate flag reflects
itself in the Delaware. Then (continues the Rich-
mond Enquirer) the just retaliation which the Con.
federates demand and the enemy expects must be
deliberately organised."
President Davis has called upon the Confederates
for troops for home defence, to replace Lee's invad-
ing army.

NEW YORK, July 1 (Afternoon).
Martial law has been proclaimed in Baltimore
and Western Maryland.

It is reported that the Federal cavalry, under
Gregg, has driven Stuart's whole cavalry force from
Westminster, Maryland, 18 miles to Hanover,
Pennsylvania. General Kilpetrick then drove
Stuart out of Hanover, and was pursuing him.
Part of Stuart's force is going towards Gettysburg,
and part towards York.
Yesterday the Confederates burned Cashtows,
Pennsylvania.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

NEW YORK, July 1 (Afternoon).
Money easy. Gold, 4.5 per cent. prem. Stocks
very firm ; New York Central, 1201 ; Illinois, 103 ;
Erie, 95a.