The Sun.
London, England, 1863-06-11 00:00:00

STONE V. STONE AND APPLETON.

Sir C. Cresswell, in the course of the day, said that Mr.
Justice Wightman end Mr. Baron Channel! were of opinion
there should be a rule nisi in this case, and had fixed the
Sth of July to have it argued.

COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.
IN THE BANKRUPTCY OP A. C. D. HAVXSLEY.

The bankrupt, Archibald Douglas Campbell Hawksley,
had been in the Life Guards, had been a farmer, a breeder
of race• horses, an extensive better on the turf, and now ap-
plied for his order of discharge, owing about £14,000, and
with assets about £7,000 in the gross, which, after expenses,
will be adequate to a dividend of 7s. in the pound.
It appeared from the evidence that for some years he re-
sided at a place called the Dell, near Staines, the residence
of one Mrs. Horace Pitt—he had there built greenhouses,
hothouses, &c., and had borrowed from the lady £22,000 ;
that in December, 1862, falling in for L 20,000 Consols,
which his father left, he paid off the balance of debt due to
Mrs Pitt, which balance was then £17,000; and that soon
after he came to this court, but, as has been stated, with a
very considerable estate. His balance-sheet shows the
bankrupt's dealing in horses and betting at races to have
been of a very extensive character, but on his betting, as
well as on horse breeding, farming, and training, he was a
very considerable loser. By Letting, in little more than a
year, he lost £1,400, but had on a previous year made
£1,500; he was, however, unable to keep his chin above
water, and voluntarily came to this court, having, with the
exception stated, given up all his property, and making the
fullest and frankest disclosures in his power. He gave his
evidence with the most naive simplicity, and seemed as
ignorant of financial matters as one of his own jockeys.
Mr. Sargood, on behalf of the assignees, urged that an
immediate order of discharge ought not to be granted. The
bankrupt's prospects had been blasted, and all his hopes
now were in a very barren and miserable speculation, " the
turf." A few years ago he was entitled to £20,000 Consols,
and had the enjoyment of the interest, £5OO or £6OO a-year.
That £5OO or £6OO a-year he spent in a few years.the whole
of the principal, nearly £20,000, and had run into debt
£12,000 or £14,000 as well. The creditors were indeed
sufferers, but the great sufferer was the bankrupt himself.
The duty of the Court would be to regard the interests of
public justice in dealing with a case like this. The assets
would amount to about £7,000, for the affairs of the bank
rupt were brought to a crisis in December last. In that
month £20,000 Consols fell within the grasp of the bank-
rupt. He had been for some years occupying a charming
retreat at a place called the Dell with a lady of means, but
into the origin of whose means they were not permitted to
inquire. The ornamental walks and grounds, &c., were
made or improved by Mr. Hawksley, by money obtained
from the lady whilst he was residing with her. Those ad-
vances by the lady to the bankrupt were used for their joint
enjoyment, but were from time to time secured in various
ways. Ultimately the sums thus advanced by Mrs. Horace
Pitt to the bankrupt were £5,000 and £17,000, all of which
£22,000 had been paid over to the trustees of the lady. The
whole of the £22,000 had, so far as the bankrupt was con-
cerned, vanished. He did not see that the bankrupt lies
open to the charge of contracting debts without reasonable
expectation of being able to pay them, but the two points
relied on were unjustifiable extravagance in his personal
living and rash and hazardous speculation by betting on the
turf. If betting was not rash and hazardous then he knew
not what was. Mr. Hawksley had not only lived upon his
interest but at the same time had anticipated his capital and
itt
ran into debt £l4,ooo,the whole dividend upon which would
not be more than 7s. in the pound. They could not dive
into the secrets of domestic life, but it was plain that on a
property which he was jointly enjoying with Mrs. Horace
greenhouses,
was mainly the cause of a
heeell.ll had
spent in a few years £1,400 on hot-houses,
ousee, and forcing-houses alone. Unjustifiable ex-
position discreditable

to himself, and which had entailed great sacrifices on the
creditors.

Mr. Ernest Reed called the attention of the Commissioner
to the bankrupt's conduct towards Messrs. Godfrey, nursery.,
men. He had incurred a debt to them of £1,400, and being
unable to pay a balance of £5OO, they gave him ample time
and further credit for two years, believing him to be a man
of honour as well as of means. Instead of paying Messrs.
Godfrey and others, he handed over the bulk of his pro-
perty to Mrs. Pitt, who had already got the whole advantage
of the outlay on the property. He had broken his word to
Messrs. Godfrey and Co. ; he said he had promised to pay
Mrs. Pitt, but he had promised to pay Messrs. Godfrey too,
and they ought to have shared equally and fairly.
Mr. Lewis drew attention to the unusually large amount
of assets, which would, but for the expenses, pay a dividend
of nearly 10s. in the pound. Messrs. Godfrey and Co. had
already been paid the bulk of their debt, and the other, and
the principal debtor, was a bill discounter (a creditor for
£5,000), who knew very well with whom he was dealing.
There was no stain on the bankrupt's honour, and nothing
to disentitle him to his order of discharge.
The Commissioner was of opinion that Messrs. Godfrey
had made cut no case, but c3nsidering the bankrupt had
been guilty of rash and hazardous speculation, and of un-
justifiable extravagance, the order of discharge must be sus-
pended for 12 months from this date.
Protection was granted.

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT, June 10.

(Before Mr. Commisioner Kerr.)
TRIAL OF THE REV. MR. WYCHERLEY.

The trial of the Rev. Thos. Wycherley was to-day pro-
ceeded with, the same counsel appearing as on Tuesday.
Mary Newton was recalled, and again cross-examined,
when she stated that she had not known the prisoner more
than three days when he asked her for a loan of £l5. She
did not know she was to be a witness in this case until she
was informed by the gaoler who had her in charge. After
the first examination at the police-court, she had told her
lawyer that she had taken a false oath ; but she had further
said that when she was next examined, she would speak
the truth, as she was very sorry for what she had done.

Mary Ann Smith, a former servant of the prosecutrix ;
Mr. Frost, of New Bridge-street; with whom the prisoner
lodged ; and the police-constables by whom he was appre-
hended, were examined , but the facts they deposed to have
already appeared.
This being the whole of the case for the prosecution,
Mr. Oppenheim rose to reply on behalf of the prisoner.
Happily, he said, charges of this kind against persons hold-
ing the prisoner's position were very rare, but when such
charges did occur, people were apt to be led away by their
feelings, and to look upon the prisoners with some degree
of acrimony. He would therefore ask the jury to dismiss
any feeling which might have entered their minds through
reading the public press, and to be wholly guided by their
own judgment and the evidence which had been laid before
them. The learned counsel then proceeded to analyse the
evidence adduced against the prisoner, and contended that
the evidence was insufficient to show that he incited the
girl Newton to steal the notes and then received them
knowing them to have been stolen. The principal witness,
he said, was a convicted felon and an unblushing perjurer,
whose evidence was totally unworthy of credit. He also
urged that, by the law of England, an accomplice's evidence
could not be taken unless very strongly corroborated by
independent witnesses, and on no one point was Newton's
story borne out. After pointing out the contradictory
statements made by her, the learned counsel, in conclu-
sion, said the prisoner was a ruined man, whether they
convicted hire or not, and he would leave the case in the
hands of the jury, after calling a witness or two, feeling
sure that they would do their duty, however powerful
might be their feelings.
On behalf of the defence the following witnesses were
called—

James Cook deposed that he was gaoler at the Lambeth
Police-court. He remembered the day on which both
Newton and the prisoner had been locked up in the cells,
and he was quite sure that no conversation had taken place
between them, as Wycherley was locked in a cell in a diffe-
rent passage.

On being cross-examined, this witness admitted that it
might be possible for two persons to hear each other if
they called out very loud ; but unless the passage door was
shut he must have heard.

Mr. Palmer Neil, solicitor, who appeared to defend the
prisoner at Lambeth Police-court, when he was first exa-
mined, denied that he had ever told Newton she had better
not say anything against Mr. Wycherley.
Mary Anne Newton was recalled, but persisted in her
former statement with regard to the conversation which she
alleged had taken place between her and the prisoner and
her and the last witness,

Mr. Orridge then replied upon the whole case, comparing
the prisoner to Stiggins in " Pickwick," and said that, like
him, he went sneaking about the house of the prosecutrix
when no one was near to see him. He would ask the jury
to judge this man by his conduct and the character of his
acquaintances.
His Lordship then proceeded to sum up, commenting
upon the various points as he went along, and telling the
jury that there was quite sufficient evidence, without the
story of the principal witness, to have put the prisoner upon
his trial, leaving out the question of the felony. Altogether
his lordship stigmatised the conduct of the prisoner as most
disgraceful for any man who pretended to have one spark of
religious feeling whatever.
The jury then retired, and after a quarter of an hour's
absence from court, returned with a verdict of guilty against
the prisoner.

The prisoner heard this verdict with an almost imper-
ceptible quiver of the lip.
Mr. Orridge then stated that he had received a number
of letters from different parts of the country, from which
he learned that the prisoner had been turned out of
several chapels in which he had at times officiated, for bad
conduct.

The prisoner was then asked if he had anything to say
why sentence should not be passed upon him ?
Prisoner : I beg to protest against the statement which
has just been made use of by Mr. Orridge, as to my being
turned out of any chapel or place of worship whatever, and
I sclemnly swear before God that I am innocent of this
charge. I deny that I ever had more than one £5 Rote, or
that I had anything at all to du with the robbery, and as
I aui innocent so I hope the sentence passed upon me will
be the heavier.

His lordship then addressed the prisoner, and told him
that he fully concurred with the verdict. He had had a
fair, lengthy, and impartial hearing, and the jury had
unanimously decided that he was guilty. The crime he
had committed was so much the worse from the fact
that he was a man who under the garb of sanctity had
wormed himself into Mrs, Levy's household and then
basely robbed her, with the help of the servant. His defence
had been a very able one, so that he had nothing to corn-
plain of, but he (the learned judge) should not sentence
hire any more heavily for the wish he had expressed. The
sentence of the court was that he be kept in penal servi-
tude for six years.
After the sentence was passed here was considerable
applause in court, but it was speedily suppressed.

HEALTH OF LONDON.

(From the Registrar-General's Weekly Return.)

The deaths in London, which were 1,296 in the last week
of May, fell to 1,214 in the week that ended last Saturday.
Ihe mean temperature of the air was about 53 deg. in the
first two weeks of May; in the last week of the month it
was 55.4 deg., and in the week ending 6th June it was
57.2 deg.
The average number of deaths, as derived from the re-
turns of weeks (in 1853-62) nearly corresponding with last
week is, with a correction for increasing population, 1,132.
The actual number is therefore in excess of the estimated
number by 82.
The deaths from small-pox were not so numerous last
week as they were in any of the eight previous weeks, dur-
ing which period they were never lower than 60, and in
five instances they rose to 68 or more. Last week the num-
ber was 56.

The 56 deaths from small-pox occurred as follows :-4 in
West distriets ;21 (including Bin the Small-pox Hospital)
in the North districts ; S in the Central ; 14 in the East
districts ; and 9in those on the South side of the river.
There were 4 in the Rectory sub-district of Marylebone.
Scarlatina was fatal in 72 cases, 4 of which were in the
St, John Paddington sub-district, 5 in Islington West, and
4 in St. James Bermondsey.
A widow, aged 60 years, died at No. 3, Mulberry-court,
Shoreditch, on the 19th of May, by "effusion of serum on
the brain, from want of food."
A surgeon, aged 32 years, died from " an overdose of
chloroform."

Last week the births of 971 boys and 877 girls, in all
1,848 children, were registered in London. In the ten
corresponding weeks of the years 1853-62 the average
number (corrected) was 1,850.
METROPOLITAN WATERS TN MAY, 1863.

The waters supplied to London from the Thames, accord-
ing to the analyses of Dr, Robert Dundas Thomson, F.R.S.,
possessed a remarkable uniformity of composition during
May, the total impurity being comparatively nearly at the
minimum which it ever attains. For the sake of comparison,
the amount of impurity in a surface well water in St. Mary-
lebone is given, which contained much ammonia, an evi-
dence of its recent admixture with sewage. Such waters,
especially during summer, are most carefully to be avoided.
Total impurity Organicim-
per gallon. purity.
gra. or deg. grs. or deg.
Distilled Water o'o 0.0
Loch Katrine water, new supply
to Glasgow 2.35 *605
Manchester water supply
Castle-street East Nell 129'32 6'90
THAMES COMPANIES.
Southwark ..... 16'16 '96
Chelsea
Grand Junction ............
1620 *92
West Middlesex
East London 4
16.01 •412
Lambeth
OTHER COMPANIES.
New River
:14 -82
gallon 2'35 degrees
Kent
1.04
The table is read thus—Loch Katrine water contains in the
of which .605 degrees or- grains are of vegetable or animal
origin.
or grains of foreign matter in solution,

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

TlmEs.—For the first time in the history of the.
American war a long narrative of Federal victories
has been substantially confirmed. The game, it is
true, is by no means played out. The capture of
Vicksburg, which was the object of all these opera-
tions, is not yet accomplished, nor is it at all certain
that the enterprise will not end in disaster to the
forces of the North. But it is nevertheless certain
that a Federal General has planned an ingenious
expedition against the Confederate stronghold, and
that he has sdvanced towards his end by a succes-
sion of victories at one point after another. This
much is now established by the reports of the Con-
federates tt emselves, and to that evidence we can
now add the authority of our own correspondent
in the South for the first chapters of the story.
The operations against Vicksburg have been so
elaborately concerted between the military and
naval commanders, that we may assume the design
to have been of some standing. General Grant and
Admiral Porter must have been patiently completing
their preparations while the attention of all people
was concentrated on the Rappahannock, and their
first IT cerement, indeed, was made at the moment
when Lee was confronting Hooker in the plains
near Fredericksburg. We now see, through the
mists of conjecture and rumour, what the Federal
flotilla was doing on the Mississippi, and why trans-
ports and gun boats were so recklessly pushed by the
batteries of Vicksburg. That city, as every body
now knows, stands on the left, or eastern, bank of
the Mississippi, just where the river makes a deep
bend. A little above it the Yazoo runs into the
great stream, and a short distance below it the
Big Black River does the same. At the mouth
of the Y. zoo stands Haines Bluff, a posi-
tion fortified by the Confederates ; at the
mouth of the Big Black River were their
batteries of Grand Gulf. nifty miles or so east of
Vicksburg lies the town of Jackson, the two places
being connected by a railway which enters Vicks-
burg at its rear. All this country was in the
hands of the Confederates. The Big Black River,
running in a south-westerly direction to Grand
Gulf, cuts the Vicksburg and Jackson Railway
about ten or twelve miles from the former city, so
that a force advancing up the stream from its mouth
would find itself in the rear of Vicksburg and ea the
line of its communications with a friendly region.
To place himself in this advantageous position was
the object of General Grant in the present expedi-
tion. For this purpose it was arranged that Admiral
Porter, commanding the Federal flotilla on the
Mississippi,should force his gunboats and transports
at any risk past the Vicksburg batteries, and this
was done. The transports were empty, so that the
loss incurred was in vessels only, and when a certain
number had run the gauntlet and survived, troops
were marched across the tongue of land left by the
great river's bend and embarked in them. These
were then carried down to Grand Gulf, at the mouth
of the Big Black River, where Gen. Grant ulti-
mately found himself in command of 40,000 or
50,000 men. The Confederate positions at Grand
Gulf and at Port Gibson in the immediate vicinity
were successfully carried, and then the expedition
advanced up the stream. With an activity which
our Southern correspondent describes as " surpris-
ing," Gen. Grant marched upon Jackson and cap-
tured the town before any successful resistance could
be organised. The Confederate forces in those parts
were divided between two commands, Within
the lines of Vicksburg General Pemberton
had a disposable army of some 15,000 men.
while outside, in the open country, was General.
Joseph Johnstone with about 12,000 more, and re-
inforcements at no great distance. Grant's advan-
tage was that he could encounter each of these armies
in detail with a much superior force, and this advan-
tage he turned to excellent account. As he fell upon
Jackson his numbers were sufficient to keep John-
stone aloof, and though Pemberton marched out to
meet him as he turned upon Vicksburg, and bravely
contested his advance at more than one point, the
Northern General was strong enough to win battle
after battle, in short, he succeeded in planting himself
in the rear of Vicksburg and forthwith commenced his
assault upon this, the weakest, point in the defences
of the city. So far, therefore, the expedition has been
remarkably successful, and it reflects unwonted
lustre on the Federal arms. With a comparatively
small army General Grant has done more to alarm
the Southerners and threaten their most important
positions than ever was done by any of his colleagues
on the Potomac. He has taken his troops through
a difficult country, and in spite of all opposition, to
a point of great advantage, from which he may pos-
sibly secure the mastery of the field. The rest now
depends on the strength of Vicksburg, and the en-
durance of its garrison. The place is beleaguered
by land and water. The Northern gunboats are at
Haines Bluff and at Grand Gulf in possession of the
streams. Others are just above Vicksburg, and others
again just below it, so that the town is bombarded
from the west, while Grant's eager and triumphant
army attacks it from the east. These are strong
odds against the South, but unless the game is won
quickly it will be all lost, for General Johnstone,
who retired northward upon his reinforcements, is
rapidly collecting troops, and he can take Grant in
the rear as soon as he is strong enough to march. Ic
will be seen, too, that our correspondent's estimate
of the impregnability of Vicksburg coincides ex-
actly with the information hitherto received of the
actual siege. Four times Grant has led his troops
to the assault, and four times he has been repulsed.
If Johnstone falls on his shattered army with a
superior force, the victories of the past month will
have led the Northern General only to destruction.
In any case, however, the expedition has been
creditable to the Northern arms. It was a bold
stroke, and has been boldly delivered. It partook
even of the nature of a surprise, for though the
Southerners were aware that the Big Black River
would lead an enemy, if he did but know it, to the
most vulnerable point of Vicksburg, they did not
anticipate the expedition. It is clear that they
have been alarmed for the safety of the place,
though there is no despondency in the tone of opi-
nion. They thought it might fall, but it is felt even
in New York that little would fall with it. The
event would not insure even the navigation of the
Mississippi, while all this time there is a powerful
Southern army in Virginia which can scarcely now
be kept even nominally in check by the baffled and
broken army of the Potomac. Southern journals
are speculating on an imminent crisis, apart from
all operations on the Mississippi. Gen. Lee is
thought to be threatening Hooker with attack, and
to be concerting with his colleagues an advance on
Washington. It is curious to observe that this
critical contest at Vicksburg has been left to two
insignificant armies. The great armies of the South-
west, under Bragg and Rosencrans respectively,
are confronting each other immovably in Tennes-
see, and though Johnstone will probably summon
succours from all parts, he must double his force bt-
fore he obtains even as many men as Hooker left
behind him on the field of Chancellorsville. by hich-
ever way the siege may end, it will leave the chief
forces of the belligerents absolutely untouched. Even •
if Vicksburg should fail, it is by no means certain
that it may not be recaptured by a stronger army
appearing upon the scene. There are vast forces in
these countries while small armies are fighting the
battle, and Vicksburg, if taken, may prove to Gene-
ral Grant little more than convenient shelter. He
is, in fact, in an enemy's country. It was not worth
while to molest him so long as he sate hopelessly
in his infected camp, but he has now plunged into
the midst of his foes, and if he cannot carry the
long beleagured city and appropriate its defences,
he may pay for the opening successes of his expedi-
tion by a disastrous, though not inglorious close.
HERALD.—There is an old story of a naval officer
saying of another naval officer that he was not fit
to carry offal to a bear. Upon being required to
withdraw the insulting remark he did so by ex-
pressing his opinion that the officer in question was
fit to carry offal to a bear. This is precisely the
kind of reparation made by Colonel Calthorpe for
his original accusation against Lord Cardigan in the
matter of the Balaklava charge. Colonel Calthorpe's
original statement was that Lord Cardigan, while
leading the first division at that memorable en-
counter, turned short before coming to the batteries,
on account of his horse swerving and taking fright.
On being required to amend this statement, on the
ground that it involved a charge of military failure
not supported by facts, he changed his ground, and
declared that the idea of Lord Cardigan being car-
ried away against his will was doubtless erroneous,
his lordship's excellence as a horseman being un-
questionab.e. This remark, put in a pointed way,
and accompanied by a note of admiration to mark
theintended satire, of course made matters worse.
It declared nothing loss than that Lord Cardigan
ran away of his own free will, and amounted to an
obvious impugnment of his lordship's personal
courage. This was too much for any man to bear.
The accusation of cowardice is one which a civilian
cannot endure with honour. But it affects only his
private position. In the case of a military man it
affects not only his private position, but his public
character—it involves !sot only social degradation,
but his professional ruin. The chastity of honour
required by the military code demands that an officer
shall—like Caesar's wife—be not only pure bat un-
suspected. We all know how difficult is compliance
with this demand under the most favourable condi-
tions. And, for this reason, military men should,
of all others, be most chary of casting a slur upon'
the character of a brother officer without the most
certain proof of the slur being deserved. But it too
frequently happens that military men are not suffi-
ciently alive to this necessity. Mr. Thackeray
says, somewhere, that if an Irish gentleman is
to be roasted, another Irish gentleman is always
found ready to turn the spit. The remark is un- '
just as applied to the Irish nation generally,

whose members certainly support one another '
with at least equal enthusiasm. But it will apply,
we fear, to a great extent, to military men, who
habitually show to one another less mercy than
civilians straw to their class. At military clubs, at
military messes, one of the principal social amuse-
ments appears to be the pulling down of reptitations.
A civilian suddenly launched into the society is
astounded to hear how great battles have been won
by nobody in particul,r, how great honours have
been conferred upon the wrong men, and how great
names are associated with small things! The ensign
mind may perhaps be pardoned for forming rash
conclusions and contributing them to the harmony
of the evening. But the same conduct in senior offi-
cers is less excusable, and more especially when
they put their accusation into print. Of the hitter
offence we have seldom heard of a more gross in-
stance than the accusation made by Colonel Cal
thorpe again Lord Cardigan with regard to the
Balaklava charge. Lard Cardigan's account of the
manner in which he was cut off from his division
after entering the batteries, and had to fight his
way back as he best could, is as clear as need be. It
is supported by satisfactory testimony, even suppos-
ing the presumption to be justified that his lordship
has a natural turn for untruth, and that he must be
considered guilty until he manages to prove himself
innocent. Such a presumption we do not venture
upon in judging the most atrocious criminals, and
it might be supposed that in a case involving a
question of honour it would be still less applicable.
Colonel Calthorpe was well aware of the explana-
tion Lord Cardigan had to offer. He must have
known how uncertain—to say the least of it—was
the accusation which he made in point of proof. One
would have thought, then, that considering the de-
licacy of the discussion involved, the honour of
the service as represented by one of its most con-
spicuous officers, which might be considered at
stake, besides the possibility of doing an act of indi-
vidual injustice, that Col. Calthorpe would, upon
Lord Cardigan's first representation, have with-
drawn the scandalous charge. Such reparation
would not only have been consistent with
the character of a gentleman, but it may
be considered to have been demanded by
the requirements of the case. But instead of
taking this straightforward course, and owning
hia error, Colonel Calthorpe descended to a worse
insinuation, and gave to what might have been con-
sidered an act of public duty the aspect of private
malice. This reparation might have been made in
a graceful and even magnanimous manner at the
time. It has been made at last, for Colonel Cal-
thorpe now withdraws every insinuation affecting
Lord Cardigan's personal courage ; but it has been
made too late, as far as Colonel Calthorpe is con-
cerned. The recantation, as regards both fact and
opinion, has been extorted from that officer not by
appeal to his chivalry and sense of justice, but by
the rough expedient of legal proceedings, and the
apparent imminency of a criminal prosecution. Col.
Calthorpe stands, therefore, in this position : he has.
either made a fa'se charge, or he has declared to be
false a charge which was true. The admissions
which he has made through his counsel fully justify
this conclusion, to say nothing of the destruction of
the books containing the offensive matter. It re-
mains
for him to clear himself with society as he
best can. With regard to Lord Cardigan's conduct
on that terrible day at Balaklava, no doubt can re-
main in unprejudiced minds. From the first it was
admitted on all hands that to have gone any way
with that brilliant advance required daring of no
common description. And even some slight short-
comings might have been pardoned in the bravest
man upon so thoroughly exceptional an occasion--
in an operation of which it has been said —c9„t
magnifique, mais ce n'est pas lu guerre. But there
was no shortcoming upon Lord Cardigan's part.
The fact is established upon evidence as upon hon-
our. It has been admitted by the accuser himself.
An impartial tribunal—nearly the highest in the
land—after carefully weighing the conflicting state-
ments, has decided that Colonel Calthorpe's charge
was " a most serious libel," and it has refused to
sanction criminal proceedings upon a technical
ground, marking, moreover, its setae of the merits
of the case by dismissing the rule without costs.
Nothing could be more clear and patiently impar-
tial than the judgment of the Chiet Justice of the
Court of Queen's Bench, and the result was the
complete vinnication of the character of the accused.
He must be a bold man who ever revives the old
Balaklava, scandal.

DAILY NEWS.—Moral force occupies so large a
space in the political discussions of our times, is
credited with so much efficiency, and forms so con-
siderable a part of the reliance of statesmen, that it
is exceedingly important to know what is the nature
of the agent, and what are the conditions under
which it may be expected to succeed. We take im-
mense, tut not excessive pains to prove our new
artillery, and are not satisfied until we have ascer-
tained what strain the guns will bear, what range
they will command, and the amount of resistance
they will break down and overcome. Moral force is
one of the favourite weapons in the armoury or the
liberal statesmen of modern times; and it is very
desirable that we should know under what circum-
stances it may be depended on to do effectual ser-
vice. No one can have failed to notice that in our
ordinary discussions two very different things alike
receive the name of moral force. The first admiral
who was sent by the Emperor of the French to
Mexico with an imposing squadron was ordered to
approach with his ships and prefer his demands,
" relying entirely on the moral effect of his rank
and mission." Admiral Napier, as once described by
Lord Palmerston, toiling along under the sun dressed
like Robinson Crusoe, and taking a fortress in the
Peninsula by simply delivering a letter, was said to
succeed by moral force. In both these cases, how-
ever, material force was the efficient cause of success.
The careful abstinence from threats which a strong
Government sometimes observes for political reasons
makes no difference to the fact. The threat is real,
though tacit, and although more is left to the dis-
cernment and sagacity of the party than when the
menace is expressed. The same kind of in-
fluence is also exercised in different degrees
whenever one Government in any way inten-
tionally gives another Government reason for
believing that a particular course of conduct will
convert it into an enemy. And although our
fathers did not care to give a pretentious designa-
tion to influence of this kind, there is nothing
absolutely incorrect in styling such an appeal to
fear and self-love as a resort to moral force. It
is not in this semi-material sense, however, that
English statesmen are most accustomed to under-
stand either the phrase or the thing. Theirs is a
nobler, because a more generous and far reaching, it
less immediately practical appreciation of moral
force, such as might be expected to be made in a
land of settled liberty, where no station or office is
so high as to exempt its occupant from the influence
of cultivated and freely expressed public opinion.
The theory of our leading politicians is, that of the
various objects which men pursue, there is none
which they more eagerly desire than the good opi-
nion of others. The hatred and contempt of the
public are supposed to be intolerable ev,x, to Czars
and Sultans, who feel extremely solicitous about the
opinions even of those by whom it is impossible that
they should ever be in the slightest degree injured
or benefited. We may suppose that it was a con-
viction of this kind which led Earl Russell, after
observing on a recent occasion that "That which is
taking place in Poland has been carried by quicker
roads of conveyance than were known in former
times to all parts of Europe, and the conscience of
Europe has been roused by seeing the religion of a
people trampled under foot, by seeing their nation-
ality despised, by seeing the arbitrary measures dis-
posing of the lives and limbs of the brave youth of
a brave and celebrated nation "—to say, " Depend
upon it that public opinion expressed at the present
time by three of the greatest and most powerful
monarchies of Europe, will be backed and sustained
by ell minor powers, and in every nation where men
can read, think, and feel with regard to the woes of
Poland "—and to invite his fellow Peers to rely,
among other things, " on that public opinion of
Europe which, you may depend upon it, the Empe-
ror of Russia, autocrat as he may be, will not
neglect." There can be no doubt of either the reality
or the strength of public opinion in shaping the
course of the greatest rulers in the world. But
we greatly fear that a misconception of the cir-
cumstances which lEimnigt
iitshhernoepuerjauteitonnoowf
ahnisdfporrcee
ipsanirinisglegardeinatgdmisaanpypointments for our countrymen.
It may be remarked, by the way, that the influence
of the opinion, as such, of a nation so well provided
as ours with the means of speaking its mind, is not
increased by the formal representation of that
opinion to the State to which it is adverse.
Although only the Government can pronounce the
national will, it is not the only or even the chief,
and not always the true, expositor of national senti-
ment. If Prince Gortchakoff, after satisfying him-
self as to what the English Government means to
do, still feels any curiosity as to what the English
people think, it is to the debates in Parliament, the
discussions of the press, and the language of meet-
ings and petitions, andpot to the despatches of the
Foreign Secretary, that he will look for its satisfac-
tion. Now, whatever reason there may be for sup-
posing that the Russian Government takes note of
English feeling respecting Poland, there is none
whatever for imagining that a mere desire for our
good opinion forms the ground of its solicitude. If
that Government can be assured of our strict neu-
trality, it will resign itself to do without our moral
approbation for a time. There is no instance on
record of a Government engaged in a conflict which
it regards as one necessary for self-preservation,
giving way before the public opinion of a neighbour.
The people of the free States of America have shown
themselves naost anxious for our good opinion, but

they have not been moved from their purpose by
the fact that, so far as the bulk of our influential
classed ate concerned, our good opinion has been
withheld. Speak of raising the blockade, however,
and they are all attention. So it is in Russia, whe
the most powerful instincts and passions are on
oWboth
sides in fall and deadly exercise. The pt r
of opinion finds there no field, no voice, no ear.
Not only is European opinion unable to influence
the general policy of the Russian Government to-
wards the Poles, but it is incapable of restraining
that Government within the rules of honour and
humanity in its mode of conducting war. We do
not refer to excesses of the S',2ldierY,
but to the
deliberate acts of the commanders.lf there was
one thing more than another in which defern to ce „
the opinion of the civilised world might have be.
expected to be discernible, it was the treatteent of
the insurgent chiefs when the fortune of war places
them in the hands of the enemy. But the conduct
of the Russians in this respect is marked by all the
old Mascovito barbarism. When an honourable
opponent falls into their hands he is murdered in
cold blood. Podlewski, after exciting universal
admiration for his skill and courage, was shot the
other day at Plock. He was plied with offers of
advantage if he would embrace the Russian cause;
but on rejecting them he was shot. Kononowicz
has just been captured by a stratagem, and it is an'
nounced that he is to be shot immediately. It world
cost the Russians nothing to save the lives of these
gallant enemies; their execution outrages the feel'
ings of every honourable man ; but they are never-
theless shot. The all-important question with the
Russian Government is, not what Europe thinke
but what Europe is ready to do, and whether it wit
do anything before the Imperial arms have fashioned
that god of the statesman's idolatry, the fait acconv
pli. If the statesmen of Russia attach important(
to our sentiments it is because they know that dee'
in human nature there lies that which is strongel
than cabinet theories, and which before now hal
led England and France to terrible measures o
retribution which did not originate in the polic3
of statesmen. So far as the Russian Governmen'
is persuaded, by whatever means, that it incurs 04
danger of that kind, it will continue to follows it,
own instincts and passions, which are also those o
the Russian nation, heedless of all mere verbs
remonstrance.

COUNTRY MARKETS.

J►

NEWARK-WEDNESDAY.

White wheat new, 49s to 64s
Red do. 44s to 49s
Old white —s to --s
Red do. —s to —s
Barley, malting 7:7. s to —s

Barley, grinding 28s to 33
Oats, old, 26s to 30
New do 20s to 24
I Beans. 40s to 46
Beans, new 36s to 40

Pear 3,••••

:40s to 445.

MELTON MOWBRAY-TUESDAY.

The following were the currencies :—New white wheaf
478 Od to 53s Od ; new red, 44s Od to 48s per 36 stone
beans, 36s to 40s for old ; new sorts, 34s to 39s per 38 st.
barley, 35s to 39s for malting, and 29s to 31s per qr. fo
grinding; oats, 24s to 30s Od per 24 stone.