The Sun.
London, England, 1863-07-24 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JULY 24, 1863.

there were two other young men sleeping in the room. He
was crying after he got into bed on Friday night, and his
brother asked him what was the matter, to which he re-
plied that he was rather down-hearted, and added, you
have brought me up to London, and there is no work for
me, and you have made a fool of me ; you have made me
pay my passage twice, and now I have got to pay my pas
sage down again, and I have no money; while we were
talking the other lodger, named Runnock, came
up. He saw the prisoner borrow money from one of
the Runnocks. He never had a quarrel with his brother,
who behaved kindly to him. He kept the razor from the
Wednesday till the Friday, when he put it in the drawer.
Mary Matilda Cameron, of 9, Oxford •terrace, gave con-
firmatory (vicience.

Mr. Grant, surgeon, said he had attended the wounded
man. There was a transverse wound three inches long and
a quarter of an inch in depth. In his opinion the wound
was inflicted with a raz )r.

Mr. Partridge committed the prisoner for trial, and re,
fused to take bail. •

Mr. C. Young—The prisoner will reserve his defence,

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

T.l. FTERS AL L'S —LAST EVENING.
GOODWOOD STAKES.
to 2 aget Anfield (taken)
10 to 1 aget Z ipateado taken and offered)
GOODWOOD CL P .
9 to 4 agst Buckstone (offered)

THE FERNHILL STAKES.—AII the committee present
to-day, but two having bets on the above race, it was agreed
to refer it to certain members of the Jockey Club, who have
no interest in it.

The Subscription Rooms will be opened on Saturdny nex
For settling and comparing.

SCRATCHINGS.—Lemma and Berth% were struck out of
all handicaps at Goodwood, Brighton, and Wolverhamp-
ton on July 23, at 7,27 p.m.
The match between Cambasean and Niobe at Goodwood
is off by consent.

SOUTHAMPTON RACES.-THURSDAY.

The Innkeepers' Plate of 3 soya each, with 30 added ;

weight for age. Half a mile.

Captain Christie's Miss Julia, aged, lOst llb (Fordham) 1
Mr. :,kipton's the Doe, 2 yrs, 7st llb (S. Adams 2
Mr. \V oo Ison's Deerfoot, 3 yrs, Bst llb (W. Clay) 3
The following also ran .—Gamecock, Ou' post, Stainley,
Queen Fastrada, and Neilgherry.
Betting—Even on Mises Julia, 3 to 1 agst Stainley, 4 to
1 agat The Doe.
Won by three lengths ; a bad third.
The Town Stakes of 3 soya each, with 20 added; weight
for age, with selling allowances. One mile.
. _

Mr. T, East's Curie, 3 yr., 6st 31b (X4o)....(Grimshaw) 1
Mr. Clark's Pony, 3 yrs. Est 31b (£40).....,(5. Adams) 2
Mr. Chamberlayne's Nashville, 3 yrs, Est 31b (X4O)
(Whitehorn) 3
Mr, Woodson's Clapper, 4 yrs, 7st 2lb (X4O)
(H. Hopkins) 4

Betting-5 to 4on Curie, 6to 4 agst Pony.
Won by a length ; a head between the second and third ;
Clapper was a bad fourth. The winner
.was bought in for
175 gs.

The South Hampshire Stakes of 15 sous each, 10 ft., and 5
' only if declared, with 100 added ; winners extra; the se-
cond to save his stake, and the 'sinner to pay 20 soya to
the fund. Once round, about a mile and a half.
Mr. W. Day's Joco, 3 yrs, Sat 91b (J. Grimshaw) 1
Lord Palmerston's Spencer, 5 yrs, Bst 41b .. (J. Goater) 2
Captain Coates's Flirtation, 5 yrs, Bst 41b
(H. Grimshaw) 3
Mr. W. Nelson's Cock Robin, 4 yrs, Est 121 b (S. Adams) 4
Also ran Innellan, and Tolurno.
Betting-2 to 1 agst Joco, sto 2 agst Spencer, sto 1
agst Flirtation, 6 to 1 agst Cock Robin.
Won by a length; a bad third; close up with whom was
Cock R ,bin. The other two did not pass the post.
The Stewards' Plate of 5 sous each, with 40 added, for 2-
yr-olds; the winner to be sold for 200 soya, and if for
100, allowed 71b; if not to be sold, to carry 51b extra.
Half a mile.
Mr. Skipton's The Poe, Bst 41b (£200) .. (J. Grimshaw) I
Mr. S +diet's Maid of Lincoln c fist (£100) . (S. Adams) 2
Mr. Hodgman's St. Rosalie f, ist 111 b (£100) (Fordham) 3
Mr. G. Solomon's Aunt Judy, Bst 41b (£200). (Peppier) 4
Mr. Bateson's Sensation, 7st I.llb (X 100).... (J. Plumb) 5
Betting-5 to 4 agst The Doe, 7to 4 agst the Maid of
Lincoln colt.

Won by a length and a half, two lengths between second
and third.

The Welter Handicap of 10 sous each, 5 ft, and 2 if de.
dared, with 50 added; gentlemen riders, jockeys extra
One mile and a half.

Lord Portsmouth's Vinegar Hill, 5 yrs, 12st
(Mr. Edwards) 1
Mr. Brayley's Tonio, 5 yrs, lOst 121 b (Mr. Wood) 2
Captain Gray's Pancake's dam colt, 3 yrs, lOst 61b (inc.
61b ex)
Mr. Solomon's Optimist, 6 yrs, 12st (Mr. Cherry) 4
Betting-2 to lon Vinegar Hill, who won by a length,
the Pancake's dam colt was a bad third.

The Scurry Handicap Stakes of 3 sous each, with 30 added,

winners extra. T.Y.C.
Mr. East's Curie, 3 yrs, Bst 21b (S. Adams) 1
Mr. Astley's Quicksand, 3 yrs, Bst 71b (Ford ham) 2
Mr. Nightingall's The Idea, 3 yrs, Bst .... (Nightingall) 3
Mr. Peake's Girdke, 4 yrs, st 91b

The follow.ng also ran :--Clapper, King Tom gelding,
and Merrimac.

Betting-5 to 4 agst Quicksand, sto 1 each agst The
Idea and Merrimac, 10 to 1 agst Curie, about whom 3 to 1
had been previously taken.
Won by a head, a length between second and third, and
a head between third and fourth.

KNUTSFORD RACES.
Cheshire Midland Railway Handicap.

Cobbler, 3 yrs, 7st 51b ...... (T. Barlow) 1
Paddy O'Rourke, 3 yrs, 7st 91b (Whiteley) 2
Dermot Asthore, 2 yrs, 6st 21b (Howarth) 3
Gaiety, 4 yrs, 7st 91b
Seven ran. Won by a neck; a length between second
and third ; a bad fourth.
Tabley Handicap.
Devotee, 3 vrs, 7st 31b (Whitley) 1
Garibaldi, 4 yrs, 7st 91b (f. Barlow) 2
Charles Fox, 4 yrs, Bst 121 b (in. 51b ex.) ...... (James) 3
Captain Knight, 5 yrs, 7st 81b (Lomas) 4
Lorette, 3 yrs, 6st slb (Haystead) 0
Won by a head; same between second and third; a bad
fourth.

LITERATURE.

Climate : an Inquiry into the Causes of its Dire-
rences, and into its Influence on Vegetable Life
By C. Daubeny, M.D. Parker, Oxford. and
London.

Professor Daubeny's little book comprises the
substance of four lectures which he delivered before
the Natural History Society, at Torquay, in the Feb-
ruary of the present year. Qn the whole, it may
safely be said, that it is interesting and instructive.
The highly important influence of climate upon
vegetable life demands a great deal more attention
and study than it has hitherto received. Ine
chemistry of plants and soils has engrossed so much
of the time and talents of investigators that the
equally necessary study of climate, as it affects vege-
tation, has been too much neglected. While
therefore, we do not deem this little work to be al;
that it should be, we heartily welcome it. We hai.
it as a step in the right direction. S% hat faults we
have to find with it shall be stated at once. When
such lectures are committed to print for publics
tion, we object to the reproduction of the apologies
and reasons for their delivery--generally, of
course, of a purely local interest, it any—and
also to the explanation of the personal bias which
led to the selection of the subject; and, yet further,
we object to all other matter extraneoui to the
subject, as being of no value to the general public,
while it is a great annoyance to the student and
to the scientific reader. Neither do we perceive
the object of introducing into a work on climate, a
discussion on the material nature of the sun, toge-
ther with an exposition of spectrum analysis, oc-
cupying four closely-printed pages. Whether or
not a great deal too much is said, considering
the limited size of the book, about the geogra-
phical distribution of plants, we decline to decide;
but we have no hesitation in saying that it
less had been said about Sir C. Lyell's notions of
antiquity and Dr. Darwin's theory of selection, the
better would it have been for the book as a
work on Climate. Quotations from the Latin
poets, moreover, may be interesting to some,
but few would deem them of any value in con-
nection with the science of climate. In a lecture,
eloquent periods and quotations may very decently
be introduced to gain the Lpplause of the audience:
but these in print are mere platitudes, and only serve
to spin out the book. Weeded of much of this
superfluous matter, Dr. Daubeny's work would be
reduced about one-fourth in size, to the great ad-
vantage of the subject and of the reader. It is like-
wise to be regretted that no less than three pages of
corrections and additions have been found necessary
to be appended to the volume, while some blunders
have passed altogether unnoticed. The Sir John
Reade, alluded to in connection with the
theory of storms, is we suppose the late
Sir W. Reid. Tnroughout the book tem-
perature figures are printed as degrees
and minutes, both by words and symbols, as if the
measurement were similar to that for latitude. Of
course the minutes of temperature should be decimal
parts of degrees. la a future edition, by judiciously
expunging and correcting,the meritot the work would
remain, and it would become truer to its title. It is
now, however, our agreeable duty to testify to the

value of these lectures. The first lecture considers the
causes which regulate the distribution of tempera-

ture, and the chief elements which constitute the
climate of any place. It then explains the sources
of heat, the dependence of temperature on latitude
together with the modifying agents, and the
instruments and methods by which extremes
and means of temperature are determined.
Finally, it illustrates equable and excessive
climates, and discusses the general causes which
account for peculiarities of climate. These
matters are treated of concisely, clearly, and
methodically. In the second lecture the local
causes which affect climate come under discussion,
as oceanic currents, proximity to large extents of
land or water, elevation above the sea, nature of
soil, exposure to light, humidity (as producthe of
fog, rain, dew, 8;e.), winds, electricity, and ozone.
The third and fourth lectures are devoted to the

influence of climate on vegetation, and are of espe•
cial value and interest to the agriculturist. The
author very clearly expounds the physical condi-
tions which determine the adaptability of plants
to hot, temperate, extreme, or equable climate ; he
adduces instances of plants suited to bright, and of
others adapted to cloudy, skies; and he also exempli-
fies the suitability of some plants to h-amid, and of
others to dry climates. Then we are instructed in the
modifications probably effected in climate by the
peopling of new and uncleared countries; in the
treatment most likely to be successful in naturalis-
ing plants in a colder climate ; in the influence of
climate on crops with its practical bearing on farm-
ing; and, finally, the husbandman is enlightened
on the importance to himself in his vocation, and
for his locality, in ascertaining its climate, in the
practice of keeping a simple meteorological register.
We feel that to extract at any length any of the
author's information on these interesting and im-
portant matters, or to attempt to give an adequate
account of any portion, would be to give the reader
i❑ part that which he should seek as a whole
in the work itself. We will cite one or
two passages, however, for the purpose of
showing the mode of treatment of the subject, as
well as the style of the work. The barometer is
the oracle of the meteorologist, which admits of
various interpretations, not always very intelligible
Lo the uninitiated ; but the following remarks upon
the causes which may bring about a fall or rise in
the barometer, appear to us calculated to disperse a
little of the existing obscurity of the subject :

" As heat produces rarefaction, a sudden rise of tempera-
ture in a distant quarter may affect the weight of the atmo-
sphere over our heads, by producing an aerial current out-
wards, to supply the place of the lighter air which has
moved from its former position; in which case the barome-
ter will fall.

"Now such a movement in the atmosphere is likely to
bring about an intermixture of currents of air of different
temperatures, and from this intermixture rain, as we have
seen, is likely to result.

"On the other h,nd, as cold produces condensation, any
sudden fall of temperature causes the column to contract,
and sink to a lower level, whilst other air rushes in from
above to supply the void; and, accordingly, the barometer
rises.

" Should this air, as often happens, proceed from the
north, it will contain in general but little moisture; and
henee, on reaching a warmer latitude, will take up the
vapour of the air, so that dry weather will result.
" It is generally observed that winds cause a tall in the
instrument; and, indeed, in those greater movements ot
the atmosphere which we denominate storms or hurricanes,
the depression, as we have seen, is se considerable as to
forwarn the navigator ot his impending danger."
The next extract, relative to the method of pro-
clueing hardier varieties of plants, will show the
[ractical va!ue of the book in an agricultural poitic
of view.

I believe the cultivator may, in some cases, succeed in
acclimatizing a plant in a colder region by selecting fur his
purpose the robuster varieties of the species he wishes to
introduce. Thus the late variety of the walnut flourishes in
localities where the early ones are killed by the frost-. Thus
the early sorts of vine bear fruit in climates where, owing
to the insufficient heat of summer, or the early frosts of
winter, the plant in general fails.

" In like manner, by selecting the tubers of those pota-
toes which blossom first, and by repeating that selection
several times in succession, we may at length obtain a
variety which arrives at maturity in less than three months,
.and which, therefore, as it would seem, might be intro-
duced into climates where the summer is too short to ripen
the ordinary samples.
"The importation of olive trees obtained in the Crimea,
which appear less sensible to cold than those of the
southof France, might perhaps enable us to extend cultiva-
tiontbo limits.
of that fruit beyond its present
geographical

- -
" It follows, of course, that the larger portion will die,
but a few of the hardier individuals may nevertheless sur-
vive. Repeating this process by sowing seeds obtained
from these latter varieties, in a climate somewhat colder
than the first, it is conceived that a robuster race might ho
produced, inasmuch as the survivors would be the hardiest
varieties of the hardiest parents, and therefore might be
capable of existing in a climate very much colder than the
one natural to the species in general."
useful
u
The practical importance of the subject will ob-
viate any apology for our
last citation
summer,
warmerup
upon o
the
h colder,e
in-
fluence,3ven of climate
farmer itimateupencrops_
,smaybe
to possess o h
the th
data
ewsteitmteartoinrgdtrhieeri,nfithuaenncewhicha urnm
ordinary,
has
exerted
pro-
ductions of his farm, so as not to be misled in his calcula-
tions as to the advantages or disadvantages of any novel
plan of cultivation,

These data have in part been supplied by Mr, Lawes in