The Sun.
London, England, 1839-11-19 00:00:00

LONDON, TUESDAY. NOVEMBER 19, 1839.

SECRET SOCIETIES of GERMANY.

I entrance into France of those Polish insurgents who
had been excluded from the benefit of the amnesty, or
who did not wish to benefit by it. Not only was pity
manifested for them, but they were received with en-
thusiasm in Southern Germany, particularly in Wurtz-
burg, Frankfort, and in the radius o: Rhenish Bavaria.
They were extolled in solemn meetings as the fore-
runners of European liberty.
The history of students' associations serves as a
transition to that of the fete of Hatnback. It is said
with respect to the Armenians and Germans who are
separated from each other The former attributed
to this convention an object more practically political,
and a revolutionary direction to its end and means ;
the latter the more to the primitive direction which
acted in a greater measure, upon the understanding.
The first styled themselves Germans, and laughed at
the Armenians, whom they treated as German saints.
A member of these associations has happily charac-
terised the difference which existed between them re-
latively to their bearing ; said he, " the Germans
wanted the political unity of Germany, the Armenians
the ideal one."
Respecting the means, the Armenians wished only
to prepare themselves for a scientific, moral, and physi-
cal education. The Germans, on the contrary, did not
only limit themselves to those means ; they wished to
exercise an active influence upon the events as to their
form ; the Armenians wanted generalities ; the Ger-
mans, on the contrary, a more extended association, in
opposition to a more limited one. The Germans and
Armenians formed no distinct associations, but distinct
parties, which, not contending with each other, en-
deavoured to make their principles predominant, as
being the exclusive principle, whether ef the 14.0 rschen-
sc ha ft, or of the general association: Each of these"
parties considered itself as the true Burschenschaft, and
wherever it carried the point it took a distinct position.
These disputes form an essential portion of the delibera-
tions of the five assemblies of the Burschen which have
succeeded each other since that of Bamberg (in Sep-
tember, 1827) till that of Frankfort (September, 1831),
The Armenians, as it was said at the time, succumbed
in the course of years, for they were repulsed by the
general association represented in the assemblies of the

Burschen. And that at first by the exclusive recognition
of the Germans in that or that University, and lastly
also by an express tendency of the association in a
Germanic sense.
One of the most important chapters in the Students'
Association, which was the cause of the dispute between
the Armenians and the Germans, was the day of the
Burschen at Frankfort-on-the-Maine. Deputies from
Leipsic, Jena, Warburg, Gressen, Kiel, Tubingen, Er-
langen, Munich, and Wurtzburg were present—four of

them had taken part in the enzeute of the month of
April 1833--the student Roehan, of Wolfenbuttel, Dr.
Barchelman, Dr. Peter Korner, both of Frankfort-on-
the-Maine, and the student Engelmann, of Rhenish
Bavaria. None but Germans were convened : this dis-

tinction, ratified by the assembly was at the same time a
defeat of the Armenians ; it put an end to a schism
which had existed till then. However, those last did
not give up alone ; the principle which had till then
prevailed was changed. It is incontestibly proved, that
before the day of the Burschen at Frankfort, the con-
stitution, according to the form of the general union of
the Burschenschaft, was adopted, already recognised at
the time of the day of Bamberg. Here is the text

"To introduce a policy freely and justly organized
for the whole of the German people by means of a
moral, scientific, physical, and general education." This
suggestion was vague, neither clearly defining whether
it was to be understood as a free and just order by a
national union, or if it was an imaginary and political
union. The means suggested were not drawn out in a
manner so as expressly to exclude the employment of
others. and in the strongest sense the revolutionary ac-
cessories might be looked upon as being only the fore-
runners of the desired order of things. From those pre-
mises arose the possibility of a double interpretation ;
this explains in what manner the Armenians and Ger-
mans might understand, in the same form and with the

like tendency, each their peculiar views, as the general
measures of the union ; this again points out how some
Burschenschaften were enabled to mould in their special
organization the regulation affecting enrolment and ge-
neral management, in a revolutionary sense, without
dividing themselves on that score from the general asso-
ciation. Main force was not recognised as exclusive
means, but only as the proper means for the Students'
Association. This proposition was interpreted in this
sense, that the Burschenschaft was not to excite a revo-
lution, but to join in any revolution which might break
out in accordance with the objects of the association.
Another proposition was, that the students leaving col-
lege should found a union, to be called the Philistine'
(composed of citizens and of persons who have not de-
voted their attention generally to the higher Atudiea_or
to oratory), and to place themselves in connexion with
special unions, or to establish others in those localities
where they were wanting. The retreat of the Burchens-
chaften of Leipsic, Giessen, Marburg, and Bonn from
the great union, and Heidelberg's entry into the latter
places, preceded the day of the Burschen in the month of
December, 1832, at Stuttgard. In the autumn of
1831 the union adopted those decisive resolutions, and
even the desire to participate in a possible revolution,
no doubt under the influence of the agitation which ex-
isted in many places, and especially within itself. The
following year it associates itself in a revolt by means of
a plot partly put into execution ; this latter step on the
day of the Burschen of Stuttgard, with which it is in-
timately connected, will find a place lower down—the
first event since the adoption of the resolution
at Frankfort, in which there is plain proof of an
active and well-combined participation of the Burs-
chenschaft is the fete of Hambach. Dr. Wirth did
not conceal the true purport of the fete given
on the ruins of the chateau of Hambach, near
Neustadt, upon the Hardt, in Rhenish Bavaria.
Several days before the opening (27th of May, 1832)
the roads were full of travellers ; there wag an influx of

them not only from Bavaria, but from Wurtemberg,
Baden, the two Hesses, Nassau, Frankfort, and from
French Alsace. Deputations arrived from different
parts of Saxony and Hanover. Heidelberg was repre-
sented by 300 students, and the members of the Burs-
chenschaft came from all points, including Wurtzburg
and Jena. Each had a tri-coloured cockade ; the co-
lours were black, red, and yellow. These were the co-
lours adopted from the beginning by the Burschenschaft.
It was the political flag of all those who, overthrowing
the existing state of affairs, wished to constitute a Ger-
man empire. The air resounded with revolutionary
stanzas. One of the students of Heidelberg wrote
three weeks afterwards to the Advocate Ruder
de Cuten, ' On our road to flambach the
greater part of us conceived ourselves bound to
sacrifice our lives for the holy cause of our country.'
Tho eve of the fete at a meeting at which were pre-
sent among others Wirth and Lobhauer, if we may
credit the testimony of a person that was present, a vote
took place upon the question put by the student Henry
Kohler de Krehoe--' Is talking only the main object, or
are we come here to make a finish of the business ?' (to
fight.) It was resolved to wait. Siebenpfeiffer com-
putes the n umber of men that participated in the fete
at 60,000. The chief of the protective guard from
25,000 to 30,000. The Provincial Council was con-
spicuous as it advanced in the solemn procession pre-
ceded by their flags, and accompanied by revolutionary
chaunts. Twenty-five orators spoke on the occasion.
Amongst them were Wirth, Siebenpfeiffer, the legal
candidate Godefroy Widmann of Wurtzburg, the editors
of the Sentinelle du Rhin, that of the Aini du Peuple,
the Curate Hochdorter, the author Cornelius of Stral-
sund, the candidate Chretien Scharpfi, of Hamburgh-
upon-the-Hardt, the student Bruggemann, and Dr.
Daniel Louis Pistor. All the orators depicted in the
most pathetic terms the misery and oppression of Ger-
many, and the populace were excited to re-establish the
rights of the sovereignty of the people. The Princes
were branded with the appellations of born traitors
people of
guilty of leze humanity.
Dr. Pistor, from the declaration of an accused, drew
a malicious contrast (accompanied by the grossest abuse
against Sovereigns) between the misery of the poor and
happiness Germany to
nf
shake
ewneffal
thethy ,y
eaknednf called
tyrrany on
bt
yh efo
force.
His
speech, which made a lively impression on the multi-
tude,"
armsr
waslvsierst,he,rawl
who
nimweass
presented interrupted a f t be yr
hist
speech,
e cry To
which he had anathematised all the Princes of Ger-
many, with a sword of honour by the literary writer
Frederick Funk, of Frankfort, in the name of the pa-
triots of that city, brandished it before the assembled
people, exclaiming that he regarded the gift as a
" symbol." Although part of the people had left Neu-
stadt on the 28th May, the feast continued, noverthe-
less, until the lst of June. The agitation which it had
produced extended elsewhere, and the spirit of dissa-
tisfaction prevailing in the circle of Rhenish Bavaria
soon reached its height. Trees of liberty were planted
liberty and equality proclaimed ; the Bavarians were
recommended to pay no taxes, to dismiss all the public
functionaries, and to take forcible possession of the
Government funds and forests. During entire weeks
the inhabitants in easy circumstances were day and
night in dread of being attacked by a fanaticised popu-
lation, to whom every individual who possessed anything
was denounced as an aristocrat. Troops arriving in
large masses fortunately prevented an explosion.
It was necessary to guard against this irruption.
The Journals, who were preparing the way for a revolu-
tion by publishing erroneous irnterpratations or explana-
tions of the Constitutional rights of the State ; the as-
semblies of the people; where the principle of revolt
was advocated ; and, finally, the political unions, which
had innumerable ramifications, were then ripe for in-
urrection. All those political phenomena, having one

invariable aspect, made it imperative on the part of the
Germanic Diet to adopt its resolutions of 28th June and
sth July, 1832, in order to ward off the danger, which
was becoming daily more imminent. Those resolutions
had the effect of preventing attacks from the press and
the popular assemblies ; but. the revolutionary party
could not be thereby prevailed upon to abandon its pro-
jects. Every art or expedient was resorted to for the
purpose of irritating the people against those resolutions.
Numerous protests were put into circulation. One of
them, published to the number of several thousand co-
pies, commenced with these words :—" War ! such is
the pass-word of the Diet. That body is anxious to
trample under foot all the noble flowers upon which the
country has its eyes fixed ; to annihilate every sponta-
neous movement of the human mind. Behold the motto
of the party, which is beginning to brandish an iron
sceptre over Germany."

On the 22d of July, 1832, the union of the press
held a meeting at Frankfort-on•the-Maine. About 40
individuals interested in the movement were present at
it. It is certain that the central committee of the press,
which was transferred to Frankfort after that meeting,
soon began to act. Five weeks afterwards an active
member of the union, Dr. Korner, of Frankfort, who
took to flight subsequently to the riots of 3d April,
1833, in which he was implicated, wrote to Councillor
Ruder, at. Eutin :—" Every day the state of oppres3ion
in which our country is held is made more obvious to
the country people. A splendidly drawn up provoca-
tion to the inhabitants of Nassau, urging them to de-
cline paying the taxes, has been attended with complete
success, and payment of them has actually been re-
fused. The protests of the Rhenish Bavarians, the
description of the feast of Hambach, the last disserta-
tion of Wirth on the reform in Germany, which will
soon be read in every country, have produced their
fruits."

The meeting of the Burschen at Stuttgard occurred
shortly before the riots of April. The Board of the
Burschenschaft of Wurtzburg and Tubingen were, in
some measure, compelled to convoke that assembly for
the Christmas holidays of 1832. The Burschenschaft

of Wurtzburg had, immediately on the proposition being
niade to it, sent round letters of convocation, and Tu-
bingen had not time to remonstrate against the expedi-
ency of holding the assembly. Six Universities were
represented at it by deputies. One of the deputies
fully disclosed the nature of the proceedings of the
meeting, and the replies of a great number of mem-
bers present at Heidelberg, Erlangen, Tubingen,
and Jena, when the resolutions were published, en-
tirely confirm those disclosures. Two members of the
Burschenschaft of Tubingen, who were on the first
day at the meeting, as mere auditors, declared that
upon that occasion the deputy for \Vurtzburg rose and
expressed himself thus :—" The object of the discussion
must be quite different from that which we have been
in the habit of debating. The Burschenschaft must
adopt a revolutionary tendency ; a revolution is on the
eve of taking place, it is absolutely necessary ; this
being the case the Burschenschaft must openly declare
wheter it intends or not to join the movement, di-
rected as it is by a patriotic union, whose ramifications
extend all over Germany ; the wealthiest and most in-
fluential men in the country being at its head. It is
indispensable that we should open an intercourse with
the patriotic union." The resolutions adopted at the
meeting, recommended that the general German Bur-
schenschaft should proclaim the unity and freedom of
Germany, and co-operate towards the attainment of
that end with the Frankfort Political Union, Heidel-
berg, on account of its proximity to Frankfort, was to
open a communication with that city, and assume the
direction of affairs ; the associations of the Burschen
were to be at liberty to organize themselves as they
pleased, provided they conformed to the general princi-
ples of the body, and a report on all political occur-
rences and on the spirit of the nation was to be drawn
up regularly every three months.
The resolutions adopted at Frankfort stated that the
revolution was a means resorted to in order to effect a
union among Germans, but that it was to be an abso-

lute and exclusive measure. They did not recommend
the members of the association to excite riots, but
merely to take part in them when they occurred. The
resolutions carried at Stuttgard were of a different cha-
racter, A revolution was there considered as a neces-
sary means, rendered imperative by circumstances, and
the members of the Bursehenschaft were not only en-
joined to take part in any movement, but also to labour
to effect a revolution.

The riot of the 3d of April, 1833, was another fact
of importance. Thirty-three of the conspirators
marched, at half-past nine p. m., from the court
(Muurtrofe), under the command of Rauschenplatt, to
the principal post, for the purpose of disarming it.
Another pal ty, consisting of eighteen individuals, pro-
ceeded to the post of the constables, and 12 or 15
more ran to the cathedral to ring the alarm bell. The
number of rioters engaged on that evening is estimated
at between 150 and 170. Six soldiers, a citizen, and
two of the chiefs, nine persons, were killed on the spot,
and 14 soldiers, eight civilians, and two rioters, in all
24 persons, were severely wounded. The chiefs all
took to flight, either during the night of the attempt, or
subsequently.
This attempt would not have been so speedily re-
pressed if the troops of the garrison had not come up
in time. The authorities were informed of it by the
merest chance an instant before its explosion, and had
consigned the soldiers to their barracks. Had the re-
pression been attended with the least delay the conspir-
ators would have been joined by a mass of people, the
chiefs would have arrived from the country, and they
would have then been able to seize on the artillery, and
gain possession of large sums of money deposited in the
public treasury. With such means of revolutionising
the country in their hands, they might have held out
until the provinces, which were long preparingc, for the
insurrection, and particularly the two Hesses, Rhenish
Bavaria, Wirtemberg and Baden, bad, in imitation of
their example, raised the standard of revolt. It would
then have been necessary to divide the forces of the
Confederation. The revolters, however, could not, in
any case, make a long resistance ; but murder, fire,
plunder, and other frightful concomitants of civil war,
must have ravaged the fair land of Germany. The oc-
currences of the following years, which still had for their
object to effect a revolution in Germany, were traced
by the Committee of Inquiry, in the proceedings of the
Society of Men, in the revolutionary events of the Grand
Duchy of Baden, and finally in the affairs of Switzer-
land, which gave birth to the treasonable societies of
Young Europe and Young Germany. Out of the union
of the country, or the union of the press, arose, in 1333,
the Association of Men, or Society of Liberals, divided

into sections, which had its seat in Frankfort, and the
adjoining villages. According to its statutes the union
was divided into sections, containing each not more
than twelve members, and having at its head a president
or speaker. Twelve sections constituted a series, and
twelve series a union. Its main object was to promote
the resurrection of Germany.
Sentences of Courts of Justice, independently of other
circumstances, and the confession of several of its mem-
bers, sufficiently prove that the union had been instituted
for the purpose of revolutionizing Germany, overturning
the existing Governments, and making Germany an in-
dependent nation under a Republican form of Govern-
ment. The oath, which was to be taken solemnly—
bound the members to observe the strictest secrecy, and
to contribute, with their fortune and acts, to all that
could tend to promote the prosperity of the unions. The
members contracted the obligation of founding new sec-
tions, of which they became the presidents. The sec-
tions were numbered, and adopted surnames. The con-
spirators circulated writings, printed by clandestine
presses, such as the " Rights of Man and of the Citizen,"
the " Conversation Dictionary for the Use of the Pea-
santry," the " Portable Gazette," the " Profession of
Faith of an Exile," and collections of revolutionary
poetry. The members were also under the necessity of
procuring arms, gunpowder, cartridges, &c. One of the
accomplices avowed that a general distribution of ball
cartridges was to have taken place on the day of the exe-
cution of the plot. 'Finally, they publicly, and with
matchless audacity, made military promenades, and were
drilled and trained to the use of Arms.

The sections were for the most part composed of
workmen, obeying men of education, and placed under
the direction of a more powerful association, or members
of higher standing. This was the Union of Men, whose
dangerous and menacing character must soon have shown
itself, had not the inquiry instituted subsequently to the
plot for rescuing the prisoners put a stop to the syste-
matic seduction of the labouring classes ; but the moral
corruption which is slowly progressing, and has insinua-
ted itself everywhere, even at the basis of civil society,
could not so easily be checked—the necessary conse.
quence of the immoral political principlea preached by
its corrupters.
The report of the Committee then enters into a long
ar
account of the machinations of the faction in the Grand
Duchy of Hesse, but, as they e already well known,
we shall only quote from it odlrimportant passage
" In the confessions made, with all the symptoms of
the most profound grief, by one of the conspirators,
who had been asked why he had denied on oath an
authenticated fact, he replied, " It is in consequence of
the pernicious principles referred to by me in the first
part of my examination. We are unfortunate wretches,
and it is evident that our cause is visited with the male-
diction of God. Yes, I admit I perjured myself; but
is it astonishing that men like us, who have heard the
ministers of the Gospel entertain, preach, and extol
those principles, should have been induced to violate
what man generally regards as the most sacred thing on
eaTth."

INTRIGUES OF THE REFUGEES ABROAD.
Joseph Mazzini, a lawyer of Genoa, and a political

PRICE sd.

exile from his country, presided, before the expedition
against Savoy, in February, 1834, over a republican,
association, known by the name of " Younger Italy.'
Mazzini is distinguished among most of the leaders by
his character intellectual faculties, and extraordinary
activity. The Committee of Younger Italy assembled
at Marseilles, on the 15th December, 1832, pronounced
a sentence of death, for high treason, against the
Italians Etniliani, Senrcalli, I,:zzareschi, and Andreani.
Others were sentenced to be flogged, and the men
charged with the execution of this decree were menaced
with death if they disobeyed.
In June, 1833, the Paris illoniteur published the
judgment of that self-instituted tribunal, which was
partly carried into execution by Gavioli, who killed his
countrymen Emiliani and Lazzareschi, on the 31st of
May, at Rodez, and dangerously wounded the wife of
the latter.

German refugees assembled, about the same time, at
Berne, and formel what was called the " Society' of
Younger Germany ;" Polish refugees organized them-
selves into another, under the name of " Younger Po-
land," and deputies from Younger Italy arrived in the
same city shortly afterwards. On the 15th of April,
1834, they held a general meeting, at which was drawn
up a compact, entitled " Act of Fraternization." In
this document, found in the possession of a refugee, and
proved to be authentic, it was stated that the
National Republican Association had entered into
an alliance, offensive and defensive, under the de-
signation of " Younger Europe," the members bind-
ing themselves by oath to prosecute the same
end, and to conform to the same principles, under
the common symbol of liberty, equality, and humanity.
In other respects they were to remain free and indepen
dent in their actions. Shortly afterwards the association
proclaimed its principles. In its profession of faith re-
proaches were addressed to the Carbonaris, and it was
announced that Younger Europe, separated from the
Pawls Committee, would forthwith commence a struggle
against older Europe—political, religious, and literary—
for the sake of obtaining liberty and equality, and re-
storing humanity to its just and independent rights.
Each European nation was to be represented in the
union. A copy of the instructions furnished to the ini
tinted of Younger Europe was found among the papers
of Rottenstein.

In May and June, 1834, the first Provisional Com-
mittee of Younger Germany drew up statutes for the
association. They were revised in February, 1835,
when only a few unimportant alterations were adopted.
The revised statutes are still in force. It is not posi-
tively known whether a change projected in spring,
1836, actually took place at a later period. The authen-
ticity of those statutes has been proved before various
Courts of Justice. According to them the association is
of a Republican nature, and its object is to constitute
Europe into Republican States, according to its peculiar
notions of liberty, equality, and humanity. It is also
stated that Younger Germany concurs in the views of
Younger Europe, and other associations of the same
kind. Force is to be resorted to, and nations are told
to be ready to take arms when ordered to do so by the
members of the Directing Committee, who are held re-
sponsible on their lives for the expediency of recom-
mending such a step. That Committee manages all the
affairs of the clubs, five in number to each. Treason is
to be punished with death ; but, before that penalty
be inflicted, the culprit must be condemned by several
tribunals.

The adepts take an oath in order to become members
of Younger Europe ;—a mere promise is required of
the members of Younger Germany. This prescription,
however, has not been generally followed, but a great
number of accused confessed to having taken the oath.
Younger Germany soon grew in extent and importance.
The idea of the foundation of that society and of
Younger Europe belongs to Mazzini and his political
followers ; but those charged with its organization in
Switzerland imparted to it a more practical, and conse-
quently more dangerous character. They appealed
with success to the labouring classes, and, with their
aid, soon became masters of the masses. We find the
history of the association in the general report of the
proceedings of the committee, dated July, 1835, and
several circulars of the committees issued in 1835 and
1836. From July to December, 1834, the first com-
mittee was replaced by a second temporary commit-
tee. A third directed until July, 1835, when the clubs
of workmen were increased from four to six, and the
number of members from 50 to 172. Under the di-
rection of the next committee, from July 18to, to
the beginning of 1836, the clubs were raised to 14,
and the members to 232. The last Committee met at
the beginning of 1836, in Switzerland, under the presi-
dency of Ernest Schuler, now a professor at Biel. The
influence exercised by the association over the German
workmen residing in Switzerland, who did not, properly
speaking, belong to it, was extremely pernicious. The
number of the latter was considerable, and, the revolu..
tionary party soon succeeded in persuading them that
'they were in duty bound to revolt against Government,
and wage war on the rich. They were no less successful
in Germany. In most of the towns of Switzerland were
established, under the name of " Reading Societies,"
regular associations of German operatives, meeting at
stated times. This lasted until the refugees were ex-
pelled from Switzerland, in 1836. The mischief those
revolutionists have effected by corrupting the work-
ing classes is incalculable. Nothing is known respect=
ing the subsequent meeting of the clubs in France, but
it has been ascertained beyond doubt that Younger
Germany still exists in England. Its end and means
are the same, and, having tailed in its attempt to invade
Germany from the south, preparations are making in
Englaid for an invasion from the north.

MRS. GORE'S " PREFERMENT."—It is a long
time since works of fiction became a source no less of
amusement than of instruction to a large portion of the
thinking, as well as of the gay world; and divines have not
only read them with delight, but have also in their turn
contributed with their powerful pens to the general
stock. It was reserved, however, for "the talented
authoress above-mentioned to interest that learned body
in a degree hitherto unparalleled. The clergy from
one end of the country to the other, we understand,
are " up in arms" at the thoughts of Church !"refer-
meat being taken as the leading subject of a work of
fiction. This, however, is only another proof of the
potent effects likely to be wrought by such means, and
by so clever a writer on the interests of that large and
influential class, and will consequently give, and justly
so, a greater degree of importance to this species of
writing than it has even yet acquired.
PROPOSITION TO CROSS THE ATLANTIC IN
A BALLOON.—Mr. Charles Green, the well known
aeronaut, has been for some time making calculations for
the construction of a balloon on a new prtnciple, for the
purpose of crossing the Atlantic., from New YcN to
England. The machine is to be of gigantic dime 'ions,
and its enterprising projector asserts that it could ae as
safely effected as the journey from London to Nassau
in the great balloon the summer before last. Mr. Green
says that, had it not been necessary to have the balloon
in Paris by a specified time, he would have proceeded
on to Turkey, for which he was in the direct line.
When the machine came to the earth there was still
gas enough in it when the ballast was discharged to
have performed an unlimited voyage. Mr. Green is
about to construct a balloon for a number of gentlemen
tobe used for purely scientific purposes.—Observer.
The special commission to try the Chartist
rioters will be issued forthwith.

39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, and 96, Cheap-
side.—We, the undersigned, have been for some time
making use of the Messrs. S. and B. Solomons' newly-
invented Spectacle Lenses ; and in justice to the in-
ventors we consider ourselves bound to state, that they
certainly do afford most astonishing relief to imperfect
vision, by candle-light as well as by day ; they agree
with our vision much preferable than any other lens
we have tried :—James Blundell, M.D., 1, Great
George-street, Westminster ; Geo. G. Sigmond, M.D.,
24, Dover-street ; T. J. Pettigrew, M.D., F.R.S., Sa-
ville-row ;J. Ramsbotham, M.D., Broad-street-build-
ings; H.Colbourn, M.D., 283, Harleyford-place, Ken-
nington ; Alexander Farquhar, surgeon, 76, Cadogan-
place, Belgrave-square ; John Hooper, surgeon,
29, Newington-place, Kennington; F. Daldy, sur-
geon, 33, New Broad-street ; Messrs. Griffiths and
Duncan, surgeons, 3, Leadenhall-street ; W. Day,
surgeon, Isleworth ; R. Noble Elwyn, surgeon,
36, Albemarle-street ; E. Scoddart, surgeon, 32,
Golden-square, &c. &c.—The Messrs. Solomons state
that their Invisible Voice Conductor, by which thou-
sands of deaf persons have been greatly benefited, is
the size of a seven-shilling piece, and when fixed into
the cavity of the ear is soft and easy, and not more
perceptible than having a piece of wool in its place,
by which the faintest whisper at a public assembly is
heard with distinctness.—g 9,
Albemarle-street, and 96,
ChLealpvsiEdße.p—o
Nor!. agents_ T h LIVERPOOL.—The
ravel
Liverpooller
s steamer
sailed for
New York at three o'clock on Saturday afternoon, with
a' fair wind, and with upxards of 50 passengers. .
It is with sincere pleasure we announce to our
readers, that the thanks of the General Commanding
in Chief have been conveyed, in the most handsome
I terms, to Lieut. Gray and Ensign Stack, of the 45th,
and to the men composing the dtachment of that regi-
ment under their command, for the steady, spirited, and
soldier-like manner in which they resisted and repulsed
the body of Chartists at Monmouth, on the 4th of the
present month.— United Service Gazette.
TAX ON PASTEBOARD.--The article which
appeared on this subject, in our journal, yesterday, was
borrowed from the Scots Times, an able, but Radical,
journal; published at Glasgow, and we inadvertently for-
got to append our authority.

- most horrible event has occurred, which gives
another proof of the impotency of the Greek authorities.
A Bavarian sergeant of artillery was returning from
Nauplia a few days ago, with a quantity of uniforms and
swaccoutrementshe
toattacked
for
Epidaurus,thek e d
busey oaf thean
bandad r t
eoi
nl
de
Ker ya
veq,
opu
uha
rtr tns egrwe
to dt
hhoi enffr
cear,
resistance, was murdered, and his body thrown into a
ravine. A private of the same corps endeavoured to es-
cape by flight, but was overtaken and carried up the moun-
tains to the robber's place of rendezvous, where he
lound sixteen other prisoners, mostly Greek travellers,
and amongst them a few of other nations. A council was
held by the Klephtis, in which it was decided to make
proposals of ransom to the captives, which was accord-
ingly done, and ono of them was permitted to return
to Nauplia to procure from their friends the amount of
2,000 drachmas, but the robbers made oath to murder
the rest if they were betrayed. When the ambassador
was gone they considered that the best thing to do
with the artilleryman, who was too poor to offer a ran.
som, was to quiet him for ever, and they therefore
ook him down to the ravine and butchered him in
the most cruel manner, leaving him for dead.
In the night, however, he came to his senses,
and crawled to Epidaurus, most frightfully muti-
lated, where he crossed by the first boat to Pyrmus, and
is now in our military hospital, lying in a precarious
state. But we bad another similar attack even closer to
the capital, and also within the last few days, where a
band of Klephtis made a descent upon the workmen
engaged in boring the artesian Well within ten mi-
nutes' walk of the Pyrmus ; these latter being well
paid, it was supposed they carried their earnings-about
their persons ; they attacked them in broad daylight;
but the workmen, although unarmed, defender thetii-
selves most gallantly with their working irriplements,-.
and eventually succeeded in repulsing them, since
which they carry arms. These excesses, so close to
the capital, throw the greatest odium on the impo-
tence of the executive, and show the degree of secu-
rity to which our lives and property are subjected
in this country, and yet the classical associations which
attach to Greece continue to attract travellers from
all quarters. The number of English who have
lately arrived here includes Lord Alvanley, Colonel
and Mrs. Dawson Darner, Lord Rokeby, Lieut.-Gen.
Sir Andrew Barnard, Lady Lyons and family, Hon.
Mr. Noel, Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson, Captain and
Mrs. Jesse, Captain Philipps, Captain Walker (Scots
Fusilier Guards), Mr. and Mrs. Udell, Messrs. Snow,
Maitland, Merck, C.Jvan, Douglas, Raven; Pidcock,
Howard, Hatfield, and Edw trds. Athens is now in a
better state to afford accommodation to travellers, there
being half a dozen very comfortable hotels, and the fa-
cilities of arriving and quitting Greece so much im-
proved by the number of English, French, and Austrian
steamers which are navigating the Levant ivalldirections.