The Sun.
London, England, 1863-01-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 14, 1863,

________
issuing name, the screaming, hissing, whistling, shrieking ,
projectiles, the wreath of smoke as shell after shell burst
into the still air, the savage crash of round shot among the
trees of the shattered forest, formed a scene likely to sink
for ever into the memory of all who witnessed it, but utterly
defying verbal delineation. A direct and enfilading fire
swept each battery on either side as it was unmasked, vol-
ley replied to volley, crash succeeding crash, until the eye
lost all power of distinguishing the lines of combatants, and
the whole plain seemed a lake of fire, a seething mass of
molten lava, coursed over by incarnate fiends drunk with
fury and revenge."
Few, we presume, of our readers would wish to
be even spectators of such a scene, unless at a
distance which-would require Lord Ross E's teles-
cope, to make it at the same time visible and safe ;
but then the thunders of the battle would lose half
I their roar.

One impression the letter on which we com-
ment leaves on the mind of the reader, and that is,
that the North, as officered at present, has no mili-
tary chance of success against the South. Where
its gunboats can sail, its naval men are evidently
up to their work. And the extent of country
which they can penetrate is vast indeed, in the
Northern continent. But the North has produced
no men to compare with LEE and LONGSTREET,
with JACKSON and STUART, and the Guerilla
MORGAN. The ill.clad soldiers are described as
being thoroughly merry and jovial under all their-
hardships ; and their confidence in their comman-
ders doubles the value of every fighting man. It
will probably, however, require the whole term of
Mr. LINCOLN'S Presidentship to convince the North
that its hired masses cannot beat the Southern
conscripts, after the latter have learned their les-
son in the school of LEE, JACKSON, and STUARTS.

Lord CARNARsoN's recent exposure of the mis-
management of Winchester gaol seems to have
aroused the attention of other county magistrates.
The Earl of HARDWICKE, struck by the disclosures
made by his lordship, has thought it advisable to
ascertain whether affairs were conducted in the
same comfortable easy-going fashion in his own
neighbourhood. Accordingly, at the Cambridge
shire Quarter Sessions, the noble earl took the op-
portunity of putting a few questions to the go-
vernor as to the treatment of prisoners in
the county gaol. The management is less ex-
travagantly indulgent than that of Winchester,
but it certainly does not come under the head of
severe punishment. The Cambridgeshire defini-
tion of hard labour is, it would seem, six hours and
a half oakum-picking or mat-making a-day, with
one hour's exercise in the open air. Well might
Lord HARDWICKK put the pertinent inquiry—
"Do you consider six hours labour a day
hard." To which he received the following
astonishing reply, " Well, they are obliged to be
kept at it. Perhaps the labour is not so hard as
digging!" It is not surprising that under this
terrible infliction of six hours a day the prisoners
grumble at their work. Those happy mortals who
have been tailors, shoemakers, or carpenters, are
allowed to follow their own trades instead of the
obt.oxious oakum-picking. It is no doubt desirable
that their knowledge of a trade should be turned to
some account, but we submit that there is not much
punishment in a man working at his own trade for
about half the time that he would do if he had to
gain his living by it outside the walls. With
regard to the oakum-picking, Lord HARDWICKE'S
nautical experience was unfavourable to the injured
innocents who disliked the employment, in-
asmuch as he stated ha had often seen
a whole crew working at it, even the sick being put
to this labour. So that the work which a sick sailor
is deemed capable of afloat becomes hard labour on
terra
_firma within the walls of Cambridge Gaol.
The diet is on a more moderate scale than at Win-
chester ; but there is much point in 11 letter to a

morning contemporary, which quietly compares the

workhouse dietary with the prison fare. In winte r
the prisoners are allowed four blankets, in summer
three; a pleasant contrast to most labourer;.' cot-
tages, when we remember that they live i❑ a pro-
perly warmed and ventilated abode. Yet with this
moderate allowance of labour, sufficiency of good
food, open air exercise, and ten hours' rest at
night under four blankets, the prisoners, we are
told on the authority of the governor, unanimously
stigmatise Cambridge Gaol as the most uncomfort-
able gaol in England ! It reads like a satire on
our prison system, and reminds us of LEECH'S
inimitable flunkey turning away in disgust from
the leg of mutton and greens. Lord HARDWICKE
justly remarked that the treatment of the human
being as a prisoner was one of the most difficult
problems we have to deal with. " We must not treat
him as a brute, but take care that he is placed
under a kind of severe tuition. The man's mind
and body must be sustained, but sustained
in such a manner as to make the operation
excessively disagreeable to himself." This
happy medium is certainly not attained under
the mild regime of Cambridgeshire gaol, albeit it
is " the most uncomfortable in England." Lord
HARDWICKE need not have apologised foi bringing
forward the subject, for it is the duty of all county
magistrates to see that the ends of justice are really
met by the conviction of offenders. But we do not
hope much from isolated cases. The whole system
of our secondary punishments needs a thorough re-
vision and reform, and it is with some regret that
we see the Recorder of Bath, in his address to the
grand jury, defending the present ticket-of-leave

system, and making no comment on the unsatisfac-
tory state of our gaols as places of punishment and
reformation. With regard to the latter portion of
his address, although fully sensible of the benefits of
increased education, we cannot hope that crime will
diminish in proportion to the numbers who can
read and write. We fear that the want of
the rudiments of knowledge common among
convicted criminals is not an efficient
test. Too often the ignorant dupe bears the
brunt of the crime, while the sharpwitted and
better educated instigator of the mischief contrives
to elude conviction. We do not wish to depreciate
the extension of knowledge, but it will not supply
the place of better moral training; for although, as
the learned Recorder observed, the educated man has
infinite opportunities of changing his mode of living,
while he who depends on manual labour has no

honest alternative when work fails, we must

remember that fresh temptations are open to the
dishonest accountant, the embezzling clerk, the
forger, the begging-letter writer, and many
others. Two points must be aimed at with re-
gard. to the suppression of crime—the train-
ing of the young in habits of religion, morality,

and industry, and the enforcement of a salutary

dread of the terrors of offended justice. The first
of these objects is being striven for by our ragged
schools, refuges, and reformatories; the second We
have yet to look to by the improvement of our
convict system.

MAP OF FREDERICKSBURG.

Paternoster-row, have
Messrs. Bacon and Co., of
just issued a small but effective msp of the Battle-
tiAd of Fredericksburg, the head quarkrs and
batteries clearly maiktd. The pontoon bridgcs
over the Rappahannock, crossed by Generals Sum-
-
ner, Hooker, and Franklin, are also indicated, and
the most important distances stated. It is, we
understand, one of a shilling series of American
war maps, which are likely at the present crisis to
have large circulation.

IST INTELLIGENCE.

project, General Prim should have followed its
example. None of the Plenipotenliaries had done
his duty at the first conference, The treaty of
Soledad, recognising Juartz, was an absurdity, as a
monarchical party does not exist in ►'?exico.
General Prim, in epposing General Almante, and
France in supporting him, were both oblivious of
the promised neutrality in Mexico.
It is asserted upon reliable information that
Senor Calderon Collantes, the Minister for Foreign
Affairs, has resolved upon tendering his resigna-

FRANCE.

PARIS, JAN. 13.

The Pays thinks that the selection of Mgr.
Darbay as Archbishop of Paris, will meet with
general approbation both from the public and from
the clergy. He is well known in Paris, where
previously to having worn the mitre, he exercised
the functions of titular Vicar-General of the metro-
polis, to which he was called by Mgr. Sibour. He
enjoyed a high reputation for science and virtue,
and was regarded as an enlightened prelate,
mild and tolerant. He was formerly Pro-
fessor of Philosophy in the seminary of
Langres, and was afterwards almoner of the col-
lege Henri IV. Mgr. Sibour appointed him hono-
rary Vicar-General, with the task of supervising
the religious instruction in the colleges of the
diocese. These divers functions he filled with
credit, and in his literary works he displays a high
degree of tolerance and goodness. 'the Pays con-
cludes by expressing its conviction that the suc-
cessor of Cardinal Morlot meets perfectly the
general wish and the necessities of the time.
The National states that the Emperor's speech,
which contained 1,332 words, was despatched to
London by the electric telegraph, which employed
six wires for the transmission. At hz.lf-past one
it was all sent to London, and by a quarter to two
it was published in extenso by the Times. The
telegraph was employod with the same rapiday
for Vienna, Turin, and Brussels.

The first notice of the marriage of Marshal Can-
robert with Miss nacdonald took place last Sunday.

The Gazette des Theatres announces that the
new piece of M. Sardo, " Les Diables Noirs," is
forbidden.

The Corps Legislatif was opened today by its
President, the Duke de Moray, who expressed his
gratitude for the sentiments contained in the Speech
of the Emperor, and hoped the deputies would not
lose sight of the fact that their language and atti-
tude would have a considerable influence upon the
mind and conduct of the electors.

f

The Duke de Morny further said :
" Far the past five years you have unhesitatingly
given the Government your devoted assistance. If
you will compare the rights and prerogatives of
which you were possessed at the beginning of the
session with those you now enjoy, and will recall to
mind the measures modified or withdrawn by your
loyal influence, you will acknowledge that your
part has been the more efficacious and useful, be-
cause it has been conciliatory and moderate. Let
us hope that the voice of the country whi prolong
this position of affairs, which prevents the consti-
tution of France from being assailed because it is
capable of improvement, which allows a gradual
development of liberty, and which bases the Im-
perial dynasty upon imperishable foundations."
The speech of the Duke de Morny was received
with applause.
BOURSE, Jan. 13.—The market still continues
very heavy, and the limited amount of business

done shows a further decline. Threes, for the Ac.

count, are now at 70fr. sc. The Railway Share
Market also dull, and with lower prices for some of
the lines. The market closed as follows :

41 per Cents. 9B 30
Do. end month
3 per Cents
Do. end month 7O 10
New 3 per Cents
Do, end month —
Credit NI obilier 1130
Do. end month 1132 50

BAIL'

Bank Shares 3350
Credit 14 oncier 1445
Piedmontese Fives
Italian Loan 7O
Russian
Austrian
Spanish Threes, 5l 75
Home Debt .. 491

'AYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans lOB2 50 .. 1082 50
Northern
New ditto • -- • •
Lyons and Mediterranean 1177 50 .. 1180

Geneva..
Southern .
Western
Eastern •••• ......... •

Sardinian
Austrian
LOl7.bard
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona

-"" • •

810 - 812 60
545 - .. 545 -
527 50 „ 627 50
360 - -
515 .. 516 25
597 50 .. 600 -
522 50 .. 525 -
655 - .. 655
325 - .. 330 -

P ORT U GAL.

LISBON, JAN. 8.

The governmental measure creating 27 new peers
has been generally received with disapprobation.
A subscription has been set on foot. in Lisbon to
assist the distressed Lancashire operatives.

The tug steamer Torre do Belew, Captain Louis
Burney, belonging to a Glasgow company, has res-
cued 120 fishermen and 11 boats which were in peril
off the bar of Figueira. The tug went at the re-
quest of the Portuguese Government, which has offi-
cially testified its thanks to the captain.

Don Fernando continues firm in his refusal of
the throne of Greece.
The late severe weather has done considerable
damage to the railway works in Portugal,
Her Majesty's ships Warrior, Black Prince, Re-
venge, and Resistance, have returned from their
cruise. The weather continues wet and stormy.

Excbango on London, 90 days, 54.1 ; Paris, 5.30;
Hamburgh, 481 ; Rentes, 48i.

WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAILS.

SOUTHAMPTON, JAN. 14.

The Royal Mail Steamship Seine has arrived here
with the above mnils, 53 pasengers, £217,893 ster-
ling in specie, and 2,858 packages of cargo.
She left St. Thomas on the 30th ult., and experi-
enced light winds and fine weather throughout the
passage. She passed the Tasmanian with the out
ward mails on the 31st 60 miles from St. Thomas.
On the 12th the Seine spoke the British bark Lady
Raglan.

The news from Chili is satisfactory. The Govern-
vernment was doing all in its power to facilitate
progress throughout the country, and fostering rail-
ways and other public works.
The silver mines were turning out productive,
and the late riswin copper had given a great im-
pulse to that branch of trade.

There had been a great influx of gold. bars at the
Mint of Santiago. _

The President of Chili had accepted the resigna-
tion of Senor Lastarria, Secretary of the Treasury.
Ile British residents in Valparaiso had appointed
a committee for raising subscriptions on behalf of
the Lancashire operatives.
_

In Peru much difficulty was experienced by the
Congress and Senate on the subject of the current
coin, causing considerable embarrassment.
The Minister of Finance had offered drafts on
London at 413 d., but ❑o response was made.
The rate of exchange was quoted at 43d. per

'no survey of the Guano Islands had been con-
cluded. The stock remaining was 7,000,000 tons,
which, at the present rate of exportation of 43,000
tons per month, gives 14 years for clearing the
islands.

THE FORGERY BY A CIARGYMAN.—At the
Blackburn Town Hall, on Monday, the Rev. Joseph
Wood, incumbent of Clayton-h;.-Moor, near Blackburn, was
brought up on remand, before Messrs. Hoole and Baines,
on the charge of forging and uttering a forged receipt for
£4OO, purporting to bo an acceptance or receipt for £4OO
from the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National
Debt. The theory of the defence on behalf of the prisoner
was that the prosecution had originated in a malicious feel-
ing against the rev. gentleman, and that one person who
had not shown himself in front had °tiered to make up
£2OO if the rev. gentleman would vacate his incumbency.
The bench committed the prisoner for trial at the ensuing
assizes,

LITERATURE.

C,

Driftwood, Seaweed, and hallen Leaves. By the
Rev. S. Cumming, D.D., F.R.S.E. Two vols.

Hurst and Blackeß;-.

If Dr. Cumming had compressed the collection
of miscellaneous papers which bears this singular
title into at least half its present compass, the re-
suit would have been more satisfactory to his
readers : if he had likewise borne in mind that the
affairs of the Papacy do not occupy the same posi-
tion in very one's view that they do in his own, it
would likewise have been more creditable to himself.
Dr. Cumming is one of the many able and earnest
men who find it difficult to act up to their own
precepts. He says in his preface, "He is a narrow-
minded bigot who denounces every estimate of men
and things which is not taken by his side and in
his light. What he thinks prejudice may be true
philosophy ; what he sets down as sectarianism may,
be a side-light at truth." We recommend the
reverend doctor to study his own teaching, and we
shall not again meet with essays entitled, " The
Wild Beast and his Keeper," or coarse ex-
pressions of abuse referring to eminent digni-
taries of a faith which may differ from
his own. The subject of Catholicism, or
" Popery," as he courteously designates it, appears
to possess fatal fascination for Dr. Cumming, his
s(cond volume containing nearly thirty essays on
subjects directly connected with it. We meet t ith
" The Pope in Extremis," " The Cardinal Crow-
ing," "An Imperial Penitent," "The Court. of
Rome and the Jesuits," at every turn of the leaf, till
we are inclined to think the work must have been
penned for the purpose of reacting over the ashes of
defunct Guys on the memorable fifth of November.
The author remarks that " Driftwood makes a
cheery fire of a winter evening," but certainly such
driftwood as we have here can only be intended
for the bonfires that adventurous urchins delight
to raise to the memory of Fawkes. Such in-
tolerance is the more to be regretted because the
author can sometimes rise entirely above it. Thus
in a paper on India and England, he deals with
the religious difficulties of our Indian adminis-
tration in a fair, temperate, and manly spirit.
"In India," he says, after asserting his advocacy at
home of an established Church, " we are so few, and

the dindoo and Mahommedan population so many
—their hatred of Christianity so fierce, and their
disposition to construe the least aggressive reli-
gious effort on the part of the Government into an
assault o❑ their superstition is so constant, that in
these special circumstances, and in the exercise of
the conciliation without compromise, we are bound
to tolerate all creeds, and at present support none,
in India, by grants from the public treasury.
Let our representatives provide abundantly
chaplains for British troops, and leave open
doors and freedom of action to the labours and
preaching of our missionaries, and suffer no man to
be injured because he holds fast or abjures his creed,
because he belongs to a low caste or a high one.
But let there be no attempt to bribe or coerce the
consciences of any ; no donations to Brahma or
Budha or Juggernaut, no insult to the greatest
superstition compatible with law and order, and yet
no concealment of our precious and glorious faith."
Just and wise as these words undoubtedly are, we
cannot but fear that had the Pope been in autho
rity in Hindostan, they would never have been
written. This inveteracy narrows much of the in-
terest of the work, which otherwise might have

been read by Protestants and Catholics alike.
Dr. Cumming writing on Ragged Schools, on
American Poets and Prose Writers, on Practical
Education, on Types of Preaching, on the Changes

of the Year and the Warnings of the Seasons, is
very different from Dr. Cumming assaulting the
Jesuits or jnbilating over the anticipated overthrow
of the Papacy. There are often passages which dis
play good sense, discernment, and even eloquence,
although the latter quality has some extravagance
as a drawback. A fervent admiration of the beau-
ties of nature is also largely shown, while there is
throughout the earnest advocacy of a religious life
which might be expected from an eminent preacher
like Dr. Cumming. We cite a passage from a paper
on Religion and Public Life which affords a favour-
able specimen of Dr. Cumming's style and teaching
unwarped by religious intolerance :
One of the fatal errors of the day is the notion that reli
gion and politics ought to be dis-ociated. With the be-
lievers in this theory, religion is regarded as a nun, vi"ible
on Sundays, but of necessity shut up in cloistral sequestra •
tion during the week. They think Christianity an outer
garment, must becoming at church, but of far too delicate
and ethereal a fabric to be worn in the traffic, turmoil, and
contentions of every-day work. In these notions there is a
fatal misapprehension. We are no advocates of a preten-
tious and Pharasaic Christianity. We suspect the piety
that cannot write an invitation to dinner without inter-
spersing it with texts, or converse on the weather without
dragging in reflections precious in themselves, but insulted
and injured by thoughtless and irreverent handling. Re-
ligion, as the inspiration of politics, is neither heard nor
seen, but felt. It is not the electric element in the jar,
sparkling and crackling, but the same element pervading
the earth, warming and fertilising, and discovered in after
days only in the golden harvest of autumn. True religion
should regulate national policy, rule the market, preside at
the exchange, decide the vote of the citizen, and inspire the
speech of the canjidate. It should reign everywhere. In
truth, all space is temple ground, all acts worship, and all
hours divine; and everywhere, and in every relation of
social life, man is to be—not talk or pretend, but be—the
Christian. We ought to carry into all life's individucl
eddies or national cataracts—into its hidden nooks and
public places, its bypaths and common roads—the whole
force and splendour of a celestial prescence, evermore
striving to raise the temperature of earth to that of heaven,
and to mould the policy of nations after that of the " king-
dom that cannot be moved."
We close these volumes with regret that a man of
character and standing should have thought fit to
publish such wholesale abuse of the faith of so large
a body of his fellow-creatures, instead of inculcating
the charity that hopeth all things, the love and
forbearance which all who assume the name of
Christians were commanded to bear to one another.
Surely, it would be more consonant with the office
of a Christian minister of any denomination to
encourage that toleration which is always among
the rarest of the virtues, than to encourage those
fierce antagonisms and jealous hatreds ever too
ready to spring up between those of opposing
creeds. It is not by angry denunciations that he
will succeed in confirming the waverer and detach-
ing the convert. Only those who think exactly as
he does can find pleasure or profit in such discourse,
and we reiterate our regret that so large a presence
of the polemical element should interfere with the
satisfaction of the general reader who culls these
" fallen leaves."

THE MARCHIONESS OF QUEENSBERRY.—The
following letter appears in the Globe :—" In your
columns of the 2d or 3d inst. you inserted a statement re-
garding- the Marchioness of Queensberry, which from
beginning to end was utterly false. Your correspondent
omits to state why her ladyship quitted England, so that
to people (who are ignorant of the reason, and reading
his account) it would appear that her ladyship had com-
mitted a crime, and on that account been obliged to leave
England. The crime, if crime there be, consisted in
her ladyship having thought proper to change her views
and become a Catholic, and for fear of being deprived
of her children she went for safety to the Continent.
But the main cause of my writing to you is to contradict
entirely the statements made about the night departure,
the letter of defiance, and the change of name. Her lady-
ship started from her residence at 11 in the morning, and
not at night. Her ladyship left no letter of defiance, and
never wrote at all till she was in France, when she wrote
to the guardians and law officers to say how sorry she was
for the trouble she wai giving them. And lastly, her lady-
ship never went by the name of firs. Brown at Boulogne,
nor any other name but her own. Your correspondent then
goes on to say that no expostulation, no offer of conciliation,
and no argument will induce her ladyship to bring her
three younger children back to Scotland. On the contrary,
her ladyship will return with them directly a prnmise is
given her that she may bring them up after her own
views."

VERDICT OF WILFUL MURDER.—Tt will be re
membered that a serious case of assault took place
at Berwick on the night of the Ist November, being hiring
day, when a farm servant named Thomas Hamilton was
inveighied into heavy drinking by a man of indifferent cha-
racter, named William Deans, robbed by him of his watch
and money, and kicked so severely in the back that his
spine was fractured, and he died Dtc. 25. An inqut st has
since been held on the body, which, after repeated adjourn-
ments and a minute inquiry into the facts, terminated on
Friday evening, when the jury, after a quarter of an
hour's deliberation, returned a verdict of wilful murder
against the prisoner, William Deans. Deans wit be tried
at the spring assizes for Northumberland. He has already
confessed to robbing the deceased, but denies that he
[assaulted him.—.Eatnburgh Courant.