The Sun.
London, England, 1830-12-07 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF TIIE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

Mr. Spring Rice stated last night, in answer to
a question from Mr. O'Connell, that the salaries of
Vice-Treasurer and Deputy Vire-Treasurer in Ire-
land, amounting to 2,8004, are to be reduced, minus
xy. per annum, which .is tin he added to 1,0001.
per annum, the present salary of a clerk about to
take upon" him the whole duties of the office ; so
that, instead of 3,800/. a year, the country will
henceforth have to pay no more than 1,200!. This is
certainly a good sample of the sincerity of Ministers
in their promises of future retrenchment.—Tintet.

It will be seen from the proceedings in the House
of Commons last night, that Parliament will, in all
probability, be prorogued about the Intleinstant, or
at all events a week before Christmas. The reasons
assigned for this early 'prorogation are, first, the be.
nefits which may result to public tranquillity, from
the presence in the different counties of the Mem-
bers more especially connected with them ; and,
secondly,-the necessity of giving the new Ministers
time to look about them, The first reason, we
would fain hope and trust, will. not be available on
the 16th; but with regard to the second, no one can
dispute the 'necessity of time being allowed to his
Majesty's Ministers to settle and arrange their
plans for bettering the condition of the country—
for digesting their scheme 'of Parliamentary Re.
form--maturing the reductions which they are de.'
sirous of making in the public expenditure, and
consequently in the amount, of national taxation—
and, finally, to endeavouring to bring to an amicable
conclusion the various questions which now threaten
the peace .of Europe. For all these thing* the
public will, and ought, to, make allowance; for
however some persons may be disappointed that no
retrenchment of any great moment, has yet been an-
nounced, nor any developernent been made of the
scheme of Reform in the' representation of the
people, all ratiorial.minded men Mint .see that these
are grove and weighty matters, which cannot be
seeded in It moment-r-which require deliberation and
calm attention. -and for vvitieh even the interval be=
tween the 16th and the 4th of next February would
not be too much, when all the difficulties of the
situation of the new 'Ministers are fairly considered.
What have they not to -toil against ? What have ,
they not to combat and to. overcome ? It requires
some timeto see what has been done by their prede-
cessors
in ()nye; 10:quires some time to repair their
blunders, and
to' determine on the Mode in which
their own policy shall be conducted—and it will re-
quire more to settle,in what way they shall be ena-
hied to overcome the general repugnance of the aris.
tocraey -tor retrenchment in the public expenditure, and
Reform in the representation of the people. ,This i*
the great Monopoly. With Which they-have to contend
----the great influence' which most be. mastered before
they curt accomplish any real good for the country;
and in'Order to which they require, not only all the
time for deliberation which is about to ensue, but ell
the stlpport which the good opinion of the country
Cap afford them. Its voice must be raised, and that
loudly and strongly, in, favour of the principle of
government which they have professed ; for by no
other earthly means than such a demonstration of
public opinion as shall convince the boroughmon.
gers,. and the monopolizers of places and pensions,
of the utter inefficacy of all opposition, or rather of
Its extreme danger, can the' Government be possibly
enabled to accomplish the Herculean ta51t....40 ne- ,
comity to the salvation of the countryr.-Which they'
have~ ao generously undertaken.r.-21/orn. ildt,crliser.
We are glad to perceive that Ministers are warmly
ascended everywhereen the subject of Pailiamentary
Reform: Meetings are everywhere announced, and
some' of great importance. have already taken place.
Whatever may be the feeling of the possessors or,
horeugh property in England 'on 'this titivation, the.
'municipal authorities' of Scotland are. now mapi-1!
Testing a willingness to. divest . themselves of their;,
otothority ,in favour of their fellow-citizens. "Tel
Magistrates and Council of the .eity of Glisegow,l
assembled' in Council on, the illti Instant, paw(' al
sesitta, of edmireble resolutions, eondernnatory of the
existing stale of the frunchise, and recommentliog:
an improvement of the elective system. " The,
Members 'for Ilfihs, ' they say, are chosen by the'
• Magistrates and Council, who, in general, nominate;
theirtivrii successors, and form only is small part or
the community ;" and they observe further, " thittl
his Majesty's Ministers having announced themselves'',
• favourable to an improvement of the elective sys-1,
tem, title Corporation now deem it their duty thus;
publicly to come forward with a coincident expres.i.
.sion of sentiment." A meeting of Dumfries, frt.!,
tended by•the . Magistrates; and almost every in,
- habitant of respectability,. has also passed a series of
' resolutions in favour of Reform. Vi. meeting of the
inhabitants of 'the burgh of Dumbarton, culled byt
the Provost op the Ist December, passed a series o(
strong resolutions,'' It became Glasgow, 4 city cony
tabling a. popyletien, of upwards of 200,000, to set
• the example ,to. the other towns in Scotland.—i
lifeening Chronicle. 1:

It will be seen by our report of the proeeedingi
last night, ott the third reading of the Regency
Bill in the house of Lords, that there is littiti
ground for raising a question with respect to th
devolution of the Crown in the event of the King
dying, leaving his COnsort enceinte. Upon this
delicate subject the first doubt was started on the
present occasion by a lay Peer, Lord Ilarrowby;
who did not find the late Chancellor prepared tq
express at the moment any.defutite optmon 0011)4
great point of Constitutional law ; while in the
Lower House the LAW Officers of the Crownvalt
though both of them men 'Well versed in the unite
nary .details of their , profession,. were very much
afloat iu their opinions. Lord Lyndhurst's further's.
inquiry seems to have quieted Ms mind,' in the pelt
suasion that the law regulating the, devolutiou
the Crown does not differ from that which govern
the descent of real property; and ',which rule i
thin, that in the event of the tarty last seised dying,
leaving a wife emceinte, the Heir Presumptive sun
seeds to the Estate; but that • on . the birth of s
posthumous 'Heir Apparent, the , estate is, th.
vested 'out . of the Heir Presumptive,_ and shift
to and vests in the Heir Apparent. Lord Brim&
cited an early
.precedent, whiel telly establishes tine
doctrine. is is taken from the Mimic of Brittany,
'when that Tuohy was a fief of the King of. Eng.
Lad as Duke of Normandy. Geoffry, the son Of
I-Ivory 11., .was Duke of Brittany, and died A.D.
1186, lertving a daughter Elinor hint surviviog, and
his wife (jonstence pregnant. Henry of England
and PhtiliP AUglattlit of Pinliee both laid claim tb
the wardship of Minor,; alike Acknowledging her
title as heir presumptive.: Na sooner, boiveyer, did
Constance, .;hie Widow, give birth to I lie.boy Wei
Unhappy victim of King Joint) Arthur, than ,both
Monarchs concurred in admitting Ids superior title,
which was recognized by the .Steteit of Brittany, and
he was proclaimed illiteafri of Elinor,' hit t bier burn
sister. ,Here the ducal crown _vested and divested
precisely according to tire rule of, the English Ord.
moo law. The details,witl be.best .fotted tt Daruls
hisioire de liretagne.--,Mortdng'artnik ar.
Tire all-engrossing 'subject of the distremses of title
agricultural labourers occupied the House of Corn-
mons last night. Mr. A. Baring introduced die
subject by observing, ther a Parliatnentary lir-
. rptiry into the condition of the southern parts of tbp
kingdom, into the districts which were now eir.
posed to disturbance; would be very important,
and might be 'Roy u.,efid. lie wished for sit in-
quiry into the coHditiOlt eaf the poor, which 'would
show the general torture of the PaOnoutS 6'4 °
ceived, the extent of their reiounertition, sett tbp
defective system antler which the Poor Laws we'i°
at presetit administered. It was n great misfortune,
that in many. places the labourer* were paid wages
out of the Poor Rates, and he should like, there-
fore, to have an inquiry into the mode of adminis-
fog the Peer Laws . After all the-schemes
which bad been brought forward on this Subject,
Ise must say, after applying his mind to the subject
too, that lie had'ilo hopes atilt any legisiiitive re•
reedy could be found for 1E1(.1 extensive griesariees"
This is a very comfortehle conclUsion. Is it, nee+
wy that the great mass of the population of the hill

. .
ni 1.-tigland should remain in a slate of übsUpport-
able misery ; that the grievance, because it is ex-
tensive, must be 'suffered The Turks have an
easy way of solving all qiffietilties of this nature.
With them, whatever is is right—it i 5 tbriltert. And
aro we in, the nineteenth century to remain with our
hands folded, and admit the heartless doctrine that
insufferable evils are inevitable b society t We
say that the Legislature, by the admission of such a
`doctrine, pass 'sentence of condemnation on them-
selves. if men rare found prosperous in one situation,
and initerable in another, surely it requires no great
stretch of intellect to ascertain the eireumstance in
which the one differs crnltt the other, and to what
may be fairly enable) ascribed the respective misery
or prosperity. There is no great myatery in the
causes of the prosperity or happittess of a commu-
nity, whatever Mr. Beribg may choose to say. Sir
Robert Peel said.;,--
'nye time would come when it would be most expe-
ritent for the House to institute some inquiry into the state
of the agricultural districts, and intn the eauses of the dis-
torturous in the southern nounties, particularly into the
practical operation and admini,tration of the Poor Laws.
' It was of great importance to get a few facts, so'that the
present condition of the labourer in some counties—in the
Weald of Kent and Sussex for example—might be con-

trusted with bit condition in other counties, under diffe-
rent physical Circumstances, and with his condition in
past times lf he only hal complete infor-
mation as to the present state of the agricultural labourers
in two nr three counties, and their condition in the sane
counties fotty years ago, and some knowledge of their con-
dition in other ccunties, be would not say that some re-
medy for the dirtre.s might not be devised ; for he still
remained of opinion) that a' correct arrangeMent of a few
prominent and leading facts was the best foundation for
future measures."

This isspokengensiblr. it is a mean abnegation
of his duty by a Legislator, to assume even that a
grievance should be suffered because it is extensive,
Sir E. Kiatchbull said, that "the Situation of the

labourers demanded in oestigation. Many of them,
when employed, obtained :adequate wages ; but
there were too many of them and many of them
got no employment, so that their condition
was most unequal." Mr. eurteis, the Member for
Sussex,,said the distress was not caused by low
wages) but Want of `ethirlOyment. Ike had paid one
shilling 'and ninepenee per day through all last winter,
as an amateur farmer, and he knew that when the
farmers could aflord it they paid 2s. perday ; but
theyeould.not find employment for all the labourers."
This is '.shut 411,me0 of any observation have long
stated, with regard to the agricultural districts. The
farmer knows that he cannot get work out 'of a
starved labourer; and therefore, on the principle on
which he keeps his cattle in working condition, he
would at least give Its labourers food to enable them
to work.. But where there are more labourers than
can be employed, misery and demoralisation are in"
evitable. The farmer, kunwing that all the labourers
must be maintained, employs those with large fie
milies, and throws the single men on the parish;
and thus, one man receives perhaps one-fifth of what
another receives, though he is equally strong, and
equally willing to work. But Sir Robert Peel, not
content with expressing a wish to make a proper in-
quiry into the condition of the pour, wished also to
absolve the rich frotn all blame:—

" He hoped it would be understood that he attributed
the,present condition of the agricultural classes to no par-
ticular persons, nor did •he speak of it as caused by the
fink of any body of men. He was afraid that the con-
dition of tbe'agricultural labourers had been deteriorating
for etstral years past ; but he did not attribute that as a
fault to any one class. He wished it also to be under-
stood th'it he • had never once thought, or said, that the
deterioration in the condition of the agricultural classes
waf caused by this conduct of the upper classes."

Sir Robert goes here a little too far. It is the
ditty of the upper classes to instruct themselves in
the knowledge necessary to qualify them for under-
standing the laws that regulate the condition of its
people: They hold their property on the condition
that they so qualify theniselves, and when they da
not Acquire the qualification, they fail towards so-
ciety. Iluve the gentlemen of England in general
(there.are, nit doubt, exceptions) availed themselves
of the instruction within their rei*? They have
not. They are, in general, an ill educated class of
men. They enter the world with little that is of
any practical use. Hence the mischief that has
been done by interference with the poor by.bettches
of Magistrates utterly ignorant of the circumstances
by which the prosperity of the poor is promoted.
Igeorance is a crime when it is voluntary. But to
pass over the deplorable resolutions of county Mit-
gistratei, when the system of paying wages out of
wet commenced, we ask 'Sir Roliert if there is one
circumstance,. respecting the poor in the disturbed
districts which was not as clearly. exposed in.the
report of Lord John Russell's Committee on La-
bourers' Wages, as it tan he now ?. Were not the
evils of executing the Bastardy Laws, and the Rate
SyStem, then exposed as fully as they can be now
exposed ? If, then, gentlemen, because they are
comfortable themselves, allow for a number of years
the great, ,rnass of their humble fellow-creatures to
languish in misery, without art attempt to grapple
with the subject, are they not culpable—Mot?, cul-
pable ? How could they appear before the tribunal
or their God with such n miserable shuffling excuse ?
But we will return to this subject to•morrovv.—
Morning Chronicle.
A correspondent hal asked 'whether the gentle-
i.man:who has for some years held the office of
Whipper-in, under two or three successive
,Admi-
nistrations,,retains it; or whether the new Ministers

mean to abolish it altogether. This inquiry rests on
the assumption of. the office being itself one of
profit, which is not the case. It has been generally
confuted to some person who, like its late possessor,
e►►joys a solid reward in some. other shape. His
duty, like that.of his prototype in a fox.-chaaq, is to
keep the.pacittoget her ; to brit►g all *trey members
of it up; sod,, as a test of hie own adroitness, he is
not unfrequently appointed " teller." 'the late
whipper•in enjoyed the lucrative post of Treasurer
of the Ordnance, which, for his .sakei was, some
years ago, media patent office. Mr, Holmes, how..
ever, with great seeming self-denial and consistency,
on the, retirement of the late ,Ministers, threw up
his patent, declaring► (as the story goes) 'that he
would rather break stones upon the road than serve
Under the present men. Sri far so good ;—but then
the chroniclers go on to say that, in return for this
instance of self-devotion, the Duke of Wellington
secured to the late Treasurer of the Ordnance, for
the life of, WI son, ti pension of 6001. per annum,
Which there are some doubts whether the mew
Mi-
nisters will feel themselves bound to iontlrmo—»
'Morning Herald.

Germany first tit the example of Literary An.,
teals. England imitated the .custona, and soon produced
a host of brilliant beauties; and now France, or rather
Englund, and francs united,. presents na with a pair of
grateful deters, twins in loveliness, but in other respects,
hearing , the , impress of their respective countries. The
English engravers have done ample justice to the French
painters in the exccuthm of
.the plats*, and have furnished
us with ereimene of a pictorial: echoed hitherto rather
neglected in this country. ' The, hest modern writers of
France hove contributed artielee to the " French }tin-
sake," which may consequently be looked upon as a fair
specimen of the present literary state of 14'rance., " The
Tieliemen," has introduced an innovation in the Annual*,
which we look, on 411'itri improvement; ,several of its
article* areintleetted from forgotten Magazines, which con-
tain frequently rich mines of tresture, liliely to he lost to
the ,world, if some rtlort be nut made to rescue them frotri
oblivion. The commercial spirit, and intelligence of the
people of Liverpool, displayed in their new railway has
greatly raised the character of a town, abeady very high;
lint its literary exertions are equally worthy of praise,
" The Winter's Wreath," published in that town, yields
not the palm to the proudest of it's metropolitan rivals.
" The View of Delos," " The" Brigand's Home," and
" Dovedele" are perfect gems of art, and the "Interior of
Antwerp Cathedral,", which recent events have made
p sinfully interesting, is among the very best specimens
of architectural design. The literature of this grateful
VOlailib is characterized more by elegance than energy ;
it is reeisely.what an. Annual should be, a repertory
of soft and winning attractions, which tranquillize the
enul, and shed a soft and winning charm over our kindest
feelings mid purest emotions,