The Sun.
London, England, 1830-04-13 00:00:00

SPORTING INTILLii3iNCIE.

- ,
NEWMARKET CRAVEN MEETING.
Nirwmliourr, Monday, Pate o'elosk.
The arrivals have 'been very ntunerbui since inn. last,
and the town is now quite fill ; ilia dinner at the rooms
last night was attended by upwards of twenty members,
including the Duke of Grafton, Duke of Portland, Lord
Lowther, Lord Anson, Lord Renelagb, Lord Mountcharles,
Lord John Fitzroy, Lord G. Bentinck, Sir M. Wood,
Mr. J. Mill., Mr. C. Wilson, Mr. Ifolyoake, Col. Udny,
Mr Irby, Mr. De►me Radcliffe, Mr. Lytle Stephens, &c.
The Duke of Richmond and Lord Sefton had select din-
ner parties.

A new subscription betting-room has been opened at
Kingston-house, and fitted up with every attention to com-
fort and accommodation. It is liberally supported. In
the course of the last twenty-four hours we have had every
species of weather—hail, rain, snow, heat, and cold—and
there is little reason to expect that it will become settled
this week.
The most important portion of the day's running con-
sisted of the Craven and Riddlesworth Stakes, of which
and three or four others we subjoin the results :
Match, 200 SOY'. h. ft. R.M.
Mr. Sowerby's Coroner, Set. 71b received.
Marquis of Worcester's Felt, Bst. 21b paid.
Felt has not been so fortunate a purchase to the Marquis
as Maresfield ; in the early part of last year he was bough:
by John Scott for about 1001., ran three orfitur goad races,
was taken to Donerster, sold to Lord Worcester just before
the St. Leger, for 1,000 guineas,—got heat, was brought
to Newmarket, paid in two or three matches, and has re-
cently been sold to Lord Derby for much less than Lord
Worcester gave for him. He is deeply engaged on the
Chester circuit.
Match, 150 sovs.—Lord Worcester's Ceulon.received
60 sovs. from Lord Ranelagh's Sontag.
The Craven Stakes of 10 cove, each; for 2-yr-olds, Est. ;
3 yrs, bets 41b. ; yrs, Sat. 131 b. ; 5 yrs, 9st. blb. ; 6
yrs and aged, 9st. 91b. A.F.
Mr. Batson's Seraph, 3 yrs 1
His Majesty's Zinganee
The following also started, but were not placed :
Lord Sefton's Bobaalil:a, 4 yrs.
Duke of Rutland's Cadland, 4 yrs.
Mr. Perre's b.h. Glenfinlas, 3 yrs.
Gen. Grosvenor's b. c., by Wrangler, 2 yrs.
Mr. Henry's b. c., by Nicolo—lsabella, 3 yrs.
Mr. Hunter's gr. f. Christina, by Gustavus, 2 yrs.
negxecristtetd• nm'eobre.
tf.imlzmancl,
ordinaryn, yrs.
This ac
interest, from the
circumstance of its bringing Zinganee and Cad and together
Mr.r Av
for the fifth time; it was also looked to with some anxiety,
from an idea that it would have some influence on the Oat-
lands (to-morrow) and the Ascot Cup, in which they are
again opposed to each other. Perhaps no two horses have
so often met on equal terms or caused so much speculation;
each has beat the other twice, their relative merits never
having been correctly ascertained. The betting about them
was in a considerable degree influenced by the high opi-
nion entertained of their riders—Chifney having a perfect
knowledge of Zinganee, and no one ever having been on
Cadland except Robinson: in fact, horses and jockies were
alike superior and worthy to be pitted against each other.
It is worthy of remark that Chifney's style of riding is
pe-
culiarly adapted to Zinganee, whose races have Veen won by
reserving him for a push at the finish; these will saw the
races for the Claret and Ascot Cup last year, will recollect
the manlier in which he came out and won, when but a
short distance from home. When the horse got into fresh
hands, it was thought expedient to adopt another st) le of
riding—they made running with him ; and to this many at-
tribute the defeats he sustained at Doncaster and f r the
Audley-end stakes. The betting before the race thi m :•o-
ing was spirited in the extreme, and settled as folios, :
7 to 4 on Zinganee (taken); 3 to 1 agst Cadland ; 8 to
agst Seraph, and S to 1 spit Bobadilla, Bobadilla tock'tbe
lead at a great pace, having Butterfly and Isabella dose
to her ; Seraph and Cadland were about three or tOur
lengths astern, and Zinganee about as far behind tit na.
They maintained this position to the Abingdon Miie-
bottom, were S. rapla began to gain upon Bobadilla : Glen-
finks was also well up, and the two-year olds gave ;ray.
Cadland also got up a little ; Seraph continued ;
up, and when about a hundred yards from home was
a-head ; here Ci.ifney made a terrific rush with Zinganee,
passed Bobadilla, and got to within half a length of Seraph,
just as they were at the running post, and by this was lie
defeated. The winner was rode by —; Bobwhite, by
G. Edwards ; Glenfinlas, by Wheatley; the two-year olds
by lads. Cadland was beat several lengths.
Handicap sweepstakes of 10 soy.. each. Ab. Al.
Mr. Rialsdale's Red Rover, 2 yrs, 7st. 21b 1
D. of Portlaud's c. by Tiresias,S yrs, Btt. 51b 2
The following also started, but were not placed :
Lord Lowther's Harold, 3 yrs, Bst. 131 b.
Mr. Vansittart's Magawiska, 3 yrs, Bst. 71b.
Duke of Richmond's Scymetar, 3 yrs, Bst. alb.
Lord Sligo's Vat, 3 yrs, Sot. Mb.
Mr. Lumley's Howard, 3 yrs, est.
Lord Orford's Scheik, 3 yrs, 7st. 111 b.
Mr. Rush's b. c. by Phantom, 2 yrs, 7st. 111 h.
Mr. Thornhill's b. or br. c., by Emilius, 2 yrs, fst..olb.
5 to 2 agst Red Rover; 3 to 1 agst Harold; and 7 to
2 agst Ambiguity.
The winner made all the running at a good' ikei, 'and
won cleverly by a length; rode by Pavis; Ambiguity by
John Day ; the winner is in the Derby, and will no doubt
become a good favourite ; he is a smart little horse.
The Riddlesworth Stakes, of 200 /OM each, h. ft. (being
the sixteenth) for the produce of mares covered in 1826 ;
colts, Eist. 71b., fillies, Sc'. 41b. Ab. M. Untried
mares or stallions allowed 31b.
Mr. Chifney's c. by Emilius—Cressida
Lord Exeter's Mahmoud 2
The following also started, but were not placed
Duke of Grafton's Brambilla.
Lord Sefton's c; by Eanilius--Sal.
Lord Jersey's f., by Comus—Cobweb.
Lord Anson's Zillah, by Whisker.
Won by a length easy.
Monday Night, Eleven o'clock,
DUCHY.
4 to 1 agst Mr. Chifney's Cressida colt
10 to 1 agst Sir M. Wood's Cents
15 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Red Rover
20 to 1 agst Augusta
25 to 1 agst Lord Exeter's Mahmoud
25 to 1 agst Lord Sefton's Captain Arthur
oars.

5 to 1 agst Lord Queensberry's Maria
8 to 1 agst Lord Sefton's Mouche
12 to 1 agst Duke of Grafton's Brainbilla
Tar OATLANDI.
Green Mantle and Sir llercules have paid, and Cadland
is considered doubtful-5 to 2 on the field.
The match between. Baltic and Canary will not be rur. .

RACES Ti
Holderness Hunt April 14
Catterick Bridge 14
The Hoo 17
Bath Spring 21
Newmarket Ist Spring 26
Chester May 31
Newmarket 2d Spring IC
Clifton and Bris of !VI
Liverpool Spring 12
York Spring l7
St. Albans lB
Stafford 24
Epsom 25
Manchester June
Ascot 1•t Meeting 8
Newton 9
Beverley
Stockbridge l6
Buxton l6
Newcastle-upon-Tyne 21
Bath and Bristol 23
Newcastle-under-Lyme 29

'0 COME.
Ludlow June 30
Liverpool July 6
Newmarket 12
Bridgnorth
Stamford 21
Oxford Aug. 3
Pottery 3
)erby 4
Worcester -10
Goodwood 10
York l9
Wolverhampton l6
BUT ton-upon-Trent 24
Warwick Sept. 7
Northampton • 8
Lichfield l4
Doncaster 20
Walsall ' 22
Lincoln - 29
Newmarket lit October Oet 4
Newmarket ed October IS
Newmarket Houghton...Nov. 1

EPPING HUNT.

This Hunt, yesterday was a complete failure. At an
early hour hundreds proceeded from the metropolis to see
the buck enlarged. The ground was covered with hunters,
to enjoy the pleasures of the chase. Ai the hour ap-
proached for the enlargement of the stag all was anxiety—
the excitement was prodigious—horsemen and donkeymen
were anxious to lead, when the unfortunate animal was
turned out of the cart ; but after taking a view of his
company, he thought it better to return home, which he
did with great propriety, without the hounds having been
allowed a scent, and being a comical fellow, be left the
hunters in the lurch, though he caused much confusion
among the company in the carriages. They, however,
at
e o
ef easaother
the several
disappointment
places
discovered that he had bat one ear—that the ribbons
with which he was adorned were faded—and that he was
an impulent fellow, who had no partiality for the com-
pany of ,Cockneys. The confusion and disappointment
of the t
publich e c company
resort ppaanr y..
;se. eprael redve very
Yn
Aglre.
R madev up course,
,
ford b
on the road, andr
taking of an excellent dinner.—An apothecary, who was
on the ground, made some money by appl)ing basilicon to
those who were injured by bad riding, or bad horses, of
which there was a goodly nmnber.

A contest almost as fierce as the wars of the
Guatrits and Gilizauxits is now going en between the
,idherents of the two rival Opera 'inert., Mademoiselle
GRISE and Madame CARADORI ALLAN ; and to suds a
height is this It ye of melodious dis.:ord earrird, that the
performances generally end iA blaws..---Aforang Herald.

SPIRIT OF -7118 PUBLIC JOURNALS.

In reepiying to the taxes proposed for repeal or
modification by Members of Parliament at either
side of the House, it does not appear to us that any
place has been assigned to an impost which un-
doubtedly ought to be considered among the least
defensible of our whole many-coloured system : we
mean the probate duty—that flinty-hearted and
appalling tax, which aggravates, for every widow
and orphan in the land, the blow that robs them of
the husband, father, and protector. It is necessary
to keep in view the distinction between the legacy
duty, and that on wills and testaments. The legacy
duty, it is true, intercepts the kindness of the dead,
and exacts from the survivor a severe price for the
affection of which he has been the object ; but after
all, the tax is but a deduction from a real and un-
questionable fund—the entire of which, minus the per
tentage to the Crown, goes at once into the legatee's
pocket. After three modifications the legacy duty
might be tolerated without much dissatisfaction, or its
absolute repeal postponed, Ist. There ought to be no
dirty whatever on a pro►ision, in the nature of legacy,
for children, which, indeed, it must strike every hir •
mane person as quite monstrous to load with even
the smallest impost. 2.1. The tax on legacies to
brother and sister is fixed too high at 3 per cent.,—
it ought to be reduced to 1. 3d. The proportion of
10 per cent is equally oppressive upon legacies left
to distant relatives, or, in default of relatives (for
such is usually the case), on gifts to friends who are
not by blood allied to the testator, however closely
they may be bound to him by affection. The pro-
bate-duty, on the other hand, is one which not merely
entails a punishment on survivors for the misfortune
of losing parents, children, or brothers, but which
may in some cases frustrate the purpose of the testa-
tor in devising his property, and plunge whole fami-
lies into utter destitution. Suppose the property be
all in securities not convertible into money without
process of law, who is to advance ready money for
probate ? Who, again, is authorized to institute
any:proofs until after the will has been proved ? The
assets, meanwhile, must remain intangible, and the
children of the deceased may be ejected for non-pay-
ment of rent,—may have their furniture sold under
execution,—are wholly incapable of a legal defence
against injustice,—are at the mercy of all mankind.
If any thing can be worse than a state expo,ed to
such distressing contingencies, it is the principle on
which the amount of probate duties must be esti-
mated according to law. A man dies having
100,0001. due to him under sundry securities, but
having likewise given security fcr 80,0001., the
amount of his lawful debts. Here is a case where
the real value of the property does not exceed
20,000/. What, then, must be said of an act of
Parliament which compels the representative of the
deceased to pay the probate-duty on 100,0001. in-
stead of 20,000/., no allowance being made by this
iron law for the debts which are due, and which
may be enforced against the estate of the testator !
We publish a paper which has been sent to us on
this subject, and we really do hope that the tax al.
hided to may form a frequent topic of complaint to
the King's Ministers, as well in Parliament as out
of doors, until a grievance be redressed which is at
once indefensible and intolerable.—Times.

We alluded on Saturday to the advantages en-
joyed by the people of the Netherlands over the
people of this country in a financial point of view.—
Though the population of that rich kingdom .is
nearly one-third that of our own, and its agricul-
tural and manufacturing industry be nearly to ours
in the relation of the population, the whole expence
of Government, including religion, education, colo-
nies, keeping up roads and canals, hardly exceeds
the sums lavished on the clergy of the Church of
England. In fact, England presents an example of
the most barefaced pillage of the industrious part of
the population, fot the sake of the privileged orders,
of which the history of the world furnishes an ex-
ample. The people of England are proverbially
patient, and of this quality their rulers are perfectly
aware. Still we think, if due pains were taken to
enlighten the public mind with respect to the extent
of the burdens imposed on industry, exertions
would be made to combat, in the only way
in which it can be combated, this dreadful
evil. We have already observed, that so long
AS Parliament remains independent of the people,
so long will it be impossible for the million to
preserve their property from the vulture claws of
the Aristocracy; that the enemies of oppression are
without organization, while there is the best under-
standing among all who profit by abuses; and that
while one set of men are occupying themselves with
tithes, another with legal abuses, another with
abuses in the administration, and so forth, whenever
an attack is made on any point, the enemy bears
down on that point with his whole force, and gains
victory. In an excellent article in one of the
early numbers of the Edinburgh Review, attributed
to Mr. Brougham, it was observed, that while Eng-
land was occupied with taking sugar islands, and
wasting money on operations which could have no
important result, Buonaparte struck always at the
heart, and the remotest extremities felt the blow.
The friends of good Government should take a hint
from this. At present they resemble the tinker,
vvbo, in mending one hole in a kettle, often makes
two. While they are wasting themselves on some
petty abuse, their enemy is furnishing occasion for
fresh animadversion. The heart of the evil is the
influence which a band of men, possessing a small
share of the property of the country (for the whole
incomes of the House of Lords do not much ex.
eeed two millions a year), have in the appropriation to
themselves of the produce of the industry of the
nation. Let that heart be struck at, by a great effort,
and all the rest will follow as a matter of course.
The people are not aware of the expenses which
they pay for their Aristocracy, for it does not ap-
pea: in any one statement, but is to be collected
from a variety of sources. Pains, however, should
be taken to collect together the different particulars,
and to lay them before the people, that it may be
Seen whether there is enough of good sense and
virtue in the country to induce men of different
parties and opinions to unite for one great purpose
—that of wresting political power from the Aris-
tocracy. Without such a reform as would give
property its fair influence, the mass at present being
unprotected, the nation must continue to be taxed
without mercy. So long as there is a shilling in the
pocket of the industrious man, so long will pre-
texts be found for taking it, till Government be
placed in harmony with the interests of the people.
We are wilting to give credit to the Duke of Wel-
lington for a disposition to check the profusion of the
Government. He can, perhaps, do more in this way
than any other man, but ire can do little. The moment
be touches any of the ruling caste, that moment he
raises up an army. Of this we had an example in the
gidibate on the Crown Lands. No man could mis.
taka the object of Mr, Huskisson in holding up the
Crown Lands as beyond the controul of Parliament.
The proposition in itself was ridiculous, because if
King, Lords, and Commons can dispose of all the
property of the country, they can of course dispose
of the Crown Lands ; but Mr. Huskisson did not
address the proposition to the understanding of the
public, but to the partialities of a certain quarter,
end it might be considered as a sort of advertise-
ment that if his Gatee should not sufficiently up-
hold the splendour of the Throne, there were others
ready to supply the deficiency. A Minister in this
country does not depend on the people, but on the
Crown and the Aristocracy ; and he cannot long
keep his post if he displease the privileged orders.
Of the branches of expenditure concealed from the
public, one of the principal is that of the Colonies.
We alluded the other day to a Parliamentary
Paper, from which it appears that the Governors Of
a certain number of our Colonies are left entirely to
their discretion as to the sums they shall expend.
But it must not be supposed that because the
Colonies are burdensome to Britain, that the Go.
vernment is beneficial to the Colonists themselves.
A part only of the pillage is taken from us. We re•
joice to see that the West Indians are at length be-
ginning to expose the abuses of the system under

which England has been taxed to oppress the
Colonies. In fact, the West India Monopoly has
at length ceased to be profitable to the Monopolists;
and the West Indians have the same interest at
present with the people of this country. In the
West Indian Reporter, No. 29, there is a curious
exposure of a part of the Colonial System, very im-
perfectly understood here. Alluding to the state-
ment generally acquiesced in, that the whole expence
of maintaining and governing the West Indian
Colonies falls upon the mother country, the writer
of the article in question observes—
" When we find these assertions adopted, and partly
brought into the calculations of persons who have access to
more correct information, we consider it requisite to dis-
tinguish and state as accurately as the involved nature of
the documents will admit, the expence actually incurred in
governing these possessions, and the great proportion of
that expence which the mother country imposes upon, and
causes to be paid by the Colonists themselves, chiefly, too,
in support of measures, and in pursuance of objects, which,
so far from being beneficial, are, in general, either directly
the reverse, or at least of a very doubtful character. We
need only instance the oppressively expensive Custom-
house establishments, maintenance of troops, high salaries
to Governors, and various► ether charges, over which the
Colonists have, in effect, no controul.
" It is every day becoming more evident that the con-
nexion of the Colonies with the Mother Country, and the
heavy duties and regulations imposed by the latter on the
trade of the former, solely for her own benefit, have en-
tirely deprived the Colonists of all the advantages of a
foreign trade ; and that, notwithstanding recent regula-
tions rashly imposed without sufficiently consulting per-
sons of local experience, they are still obliged to submit
to the injurious monopoly of the Mother Country, in
the supply of nearly all the articles requisite for feed-
ing their labourers, and for keeping up the cultivation
of their estates—although the professed object of the
regulations alluded to was to relieve them from every
disadvantage. We must also premise, that much misap-
prehension has arisen from including the expence properly
chargeable to the West India Colonies, in the general co-
lonial estimates ; and that many persons have also been de-
ceived by supposing that because the Act of the 18th Geo.
111. declares that taxes and duties levied in the old Colo-
lies shall be applied solely to the use of those Colonies,
that these monies are strictly so applied, and that no part
is appropriated in payment of the ex fences of the British
troops and Government. We do not hesitate to say, how-
ever, that where the whole of the Colonial funds so ap-
plied to be fairly stated, their gross amount would be
found equal to the whole expence, which, under ordinary
circumstances, might he necessary for the defence and
government of these possessions, supposing their various
instit►►tions assimilated to those of the United States;
or, in other words, if our West India Colonies were
to form a part of the American Union. Far be it from
us to seem to court s►,ch an alliance ; but we think it
rather extraordinary, that, notwithstanding the im-
mense sums annually raised, and applied by the colonial
legislatures, in aid of the colonial expences of the Mother
Country, eminent financiers of the present slay should, by
their inferential statements, seem to continue the public
delusion on this subject."
This hint with respect to the American scale of
expenditure shows that the example of the United
States is not lost on our own Colonies. The
writer proceeds to notice the sums contributed by
the Colonies themselves to the expenditure, and,
as little is known on this subject the statement is
valuable:—

" With respect, in the first place, to that part of the
expenditure of Jamaica which is raised within the island,
we find, by a recent statement, that the sum actually
paid towards the maintenance of British troops, and in
repairing forts, fortifications, and barracks for their com-
fort, amounts to above 120,0001. per annum, while her
inland militia costs :her only 6,0001. ; that she, besides,
expends in salaries to the Governors, Judges, and other
public officers, no less a ,um than about 65,030/. That
the sum paid towards the support of the Ecclesiastical
Establishment amoutts to above 20,000/. ; and that
about 10,0001. more is placed under the controul of the
Governor and Council for miscellaneous services . . .
The whole sum paid by the industrious, but now impo-
verished, community of Jamaica, for public purposes, can-
not be estimated at less than about 300,0001. per annum."

This is pretty well of itself for the Colony, even
if nothing were taken from the people of England.
Indeed, it appears that the people of Jamaica think
that much of this expenditure might be dispensed
with.

" The amount of salaries paid to Officers of the Cus-
toms, and the justice and propriety of keeping that depart-
ment upon such an extensive scale, are matters upon which
the people of Jamaica are at issue with the Government of
the mother country. They affirm that the duties of many
of these functionaries, over whom they have in effect no
controul, could be efficiently performed by others at half
the expence."

By a Parliamentary return, dated Ist March,
1827, it appears that the salaries to Governors,
Judges, and other functionaries in a part, only of the
West India islands, paid entirely by Me colonists,
and not including the home salaries and pensions
paid out of the 41 per Cent. duties, nor certain
!ocal fees levied in payment of or in the place
of salaries, amounted to 33,263/ ! The ascertained
fees taken at five of the smaller of these islands,
amounts to 5,047/. In the years 1819 and 1820, the
41 per Cent. duties averaged 47,8841. 7s. 10d. per
annum. Of the greater part of this, the application
Is unknown. Mr. Creevey, we remember, said that
it was principally applied towards the maintenance
of the bastards of the fashionable part of the town.
So much for the principle on which the Govern-
ment of this country is conducted. Everything
must be made worth the acceptance of the caste
who condescend to manage the affairs of the nation,
being unable to manage their own. The West
Indians say that they are not only taxed but ruined
by monopolies.
" Suffice it to say, that all articles of essential necessity
which could be supplied by foreigners at a low rate are
either heavily taxed or entirely prohibited; and by such
regulations the mother country continues to secure to her-
self, at the expence of the Colonists, an injurious monopoly.
To affirm that they enjoy anything
like freedom of trade under the present system is absolute
folly. Were the whole of the restrictive regulations and
oppressive burdens imposed by the Mother Country re-
moved, and the expence attending the Government and
defence of the British West India Colonies to be regulated
by a conventional agreement, the Colonists might expect
to obtain a favourable hearing in the markets of Europe
and America. They might hope to see their islands
visited by foreign ships, bringing, in exchange for their
staple commodities, supplies at moderate rates, and car-
rying away raw and refined sugars in payment, or at
low freights, so as to enable them successfully to compete,
by superior science and machinery, with those rivals
whom the ' philanthropists' of the Mother Country have
raised up to oppose them by an increased supply of
new slaves ; but we again repeat, that to say the
Colonists enjoy anything like a free trade or fair play'
under existing restrictions, is to insult their understand-
ings, and undervalue their commercial and political dis-
cernment."—Moreing Chronicle.
_

The Licensed Victuallers, in their petition to
Parliament, say that " By the Statute 9 Geo. IV.
(commonly called Mr. Estcourt's Act) every evil
and abuse that was supposed to have crept into the
system of licensing public-houses was effectually
checked or destroyed. We cannot go the length
of saying that this Statute applied an effectual cor-
rective to the abuse of magisterial power, and the
consequent grievances of which the proprietors and
occupiers of public-houses had too much reason to
complain, when their licenses %% ere refused or with-
drawn from capricious, interested, or venal motives,
but we admit that, by allowing the right of appeal
from the decision of the licensing Magistrates to the
Quarter Sessions, it has established a wholesome
controul, which must go a great way to restrain the
improper and oppressive exercise of the summary
authority of tl►e district Justices. We reported
three appeal cases yesterday, which were tried
at the Westminster Sessions on Saturday, which
strikingly exemplified the necessity for such a check,
and the redress which it is calculated to afford.
In these cases the appellants were able to prove, by
unimpeached evidence, that their house's were con-
ducted in a quiet and orderly manner, and that
they had not forfeited the right of having their
licenses renewed by any misbehaviour. No attempt
was made on the part of the respondents, who had
refused the licenses without assigning any reason,
to support their own decision. The Chairman was of
op►n►on that the respondents had been imposed upon
by interested or malevolent persons, and the Court
decided that the appellants were entitled to the re-

newal of their licenses. Here the wrong complained
of, whatever might have been the motive in which
it originated, certainly met with an efficient remedy,
but the appellants had, no doubt, been previously
subjected to great anxiety, vexation, and expence;
and although the Court decided rightly in these
instances, we would prefer that in every case of
appeal the decision should be by the constitutional
tribunal of a jury; for, at some Quarter Sessions,
the influence of the district Magistrates and the
esprit du corps may occasionally be found too strong
for either reason or justice. There are, no doubt,
in the Commission of the Peace a great number of
high-minded and honourable men, who would scorn
to abuse their power to any purposes of oppression
or sordid interest ; but unfortunately there are others
of a very different character, who act with more
policy and circumspection, but not with more prin-
ciple, than the trading Justices of old. Such men
put themselves forward when jobs are to be done—
are active and persevering, and sometimes plausible
enough to make the honester part of their brethren
believe that in furthering their personal and un-
worthy objects they are only discharging their duty
to the public. Such are the men who have brought
odium and disgrace upon the licensing system—a
system which, we maintain, is, in itself, founded in
the wisest principles of legislation, and which only
wants to be rightly administered to be of the most
.
beneficial consequences to society. It a necessary
moral protection against the obvious evils of an unre-
strained trade in beer and spirituous liquors, which
would be an affliction and a curse to either a savage or
civilized state of society. As this power has been
abused in the hands in which it was platted, let it be
transferred to another authority (we care not whether
that be the Board of Excise or any other Govern-
ment Board), that will be removed from the temp-
tation, and above the suspicion; of serving private
interests by the violation of a great public duty.—
We showed the other day that when the licensing
system did not exist—when by the Common Law
every person who pleased could set up an alehouse
—when there was an undoubted freedom of trade
in beer—the mischievous consequences to society
were so sensibly felt, that the Legislature felt it ne-
cessary to interfere, and put that trade under a
moral restraint, which has been acted upon for cen-
turies. Numerous have been the Acts of Parlia-
ment which have been passed on this subject; but,
whatever changes they made in other and minor re-
spects, they all rigidly enforced the two great prin-
ciples, that testimonials of character, and proof of
the necessity of the house, were indispensably re-
quisite for a license. Under these statutes the vast
property of the licensed victuallers of England and
Wales has been invested in the trade; and, as upon
other occasions, the amount of capital brought into
any trade upon the faith of Acts of Parliament has
been an argument which the Legislature has recog-
nised as just and reasonable, we do not see why they
should not give it weight in the present instance. The
property at stake in this case is calculated at thirty
millions, and upon this part of the subject the peti-
tioners say—" That, relying upon the continuance
of such laws—laws which have existed without
interruption for four centuries—the far greater num-
ber of your petitioners have entered into engage-
ments which they will be wholly unable to perform,
whereby many will be reduced to a state of pau-
perism, whilst numerous orphans arid others, whose
sole subsistence depends upon annuities charged
upon this description of property, will find them-
selves wholly destitute, and be compelled to resort
to their several parishes for relief." We hope that
no such lamentable result will follow ;—but, whether
or not, what we want to see still respected and pre-
served by the Legislature is a protection for the in-
terests and the morals of the people. If the land be
covered with tippling-houses---if the low receptacles
of idleness and dissipation be multiplied without
limit and without distinction—we fear that a
preventive police" will haVe more to do than
was ever calculated on, or than they will be able
to perform. Then, as to the quality of the beverage,
it will be likely to suffer no less deterioration than
the morals of the customers. In the hands of a race
of alehouse keepers without substance or character
the old modes of adulteration will be extended and
new modes devised. Then may the disciples of
Malthus rejoice at a plan more likely than any other
to poison off the superabundant population. We
trust, however, that neither the morals nor the health
of the people may be exposed to this new experi-
ment in what is called " free trade," but that the
Legisl attire will make it imperative on the Board
of Excise to exact the qualifications for a license
hitherto required; or else that persons who are
licensed to keep houses on the new plan be pre-
vented from allowing the beer which they sell to be
consumed on their premises. Thus the retail trade
in this article will be sufficiently free, without uni-
versal tippling, and its consequent licentiousnes.s,
being encouraged.—Morning Herald.
We have already alluded, more than once, to the
iniquity of the principle, involved in the Bill for
throwing the trade in beer open, of stripping indi-
viduals of property acquired tinder the sanction of
the law, or of any right which they may have en-
joyed in consequence of the acts of the Legislature,
without compensating them for the loss. The pro-
priety—nay, the necessity arid justice—of indeninifi.
cation in all cases where the general good required
a sacrifice of individual right, has hitherto been
always recognized, and always acted upon, both by
the Legislature, and by all public bodies and corpora-
tions, invested with sufficient authority for making
such alterations. If a street is to be pulled down,
not only the houses, but the probable loss in conse-
quence of their destruction, are valued and paid for
—if a highway is to be made, the land must be
purchased-4 an office is to be abolished, the per-
son holding it must be indemnified; and so on in
innumerable other cases, which it would be too
tedious to detail. There is no principle, in fact, so
fully recognized, both by law and common sense, I
nor any which hat been more grossly abused by
applying it to cases to which it had no just re- 1
ference, than that of indemnifying those who may,
or are supposed to suffer from innovations and '
improvements. Whenever a free trade in corn has
been mentioned, the agricultural interest has been J
up in arms, and on the plea that the farmer, who i
had laid out his capital on the improvement of the
soil, in the expectation that no change would be
made in the law, would be ruined by an alteration
of it, have alwitys maintained a stout battle with
the advocates of free trade; and on this ground—
just in every respect, whatever might be the interest
of the land-owners in perpetuating the monopoly--
we call upon them to apply the same principle to
the case of the Licensed Victuallers, which, when I
threatened with attack themselves, they press for-
ward so zealously in their service. There is no •
difference between them, that we can perceive, ex-
cept what weighs in favour of the Licensed Vie- I
tualler ; for if there be a monopoly in the sale of I
beer, that monopoly, it must be well known to every
one, has existed for centuries, while the trade in
corn, on the other hand, has been alternately free
and shut, and only of late a monopoly. The Le-
gislature
may, therefore, be said to have given a
complete assurance to the former, that there would
be no intermeddling with their trade without indern- '
nification—to the latter only a partial hope; and we
trust, therefore, that before the Bill shall have
passed into a law, some provision to the above
effect will either be inserted in it, or the principle
of it so modified, as to render it less injurious than
it would prove in its present state.—Morn. Advt.

About 60 acres of fine plantations, belonging
to NATHANIEL. Bolin, Esq., as East Holme, were, a few
days since, entirely consumed, through the carelessless of
an individual, who set fire to the heath in the direct course
of the wind to the plantation, with which it very shortly
communicated, and defied every attempt to stop its pro-
O
gress.N—
SRhmerobourns n
e Mercury.s H.Aboitt ten or twelve
E
days since a fish, of the skate species, was sold in
Elgin market, for 2s. which weighed no less than sixty
pounds,--Elgin Courier.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

DIANSION-HOUSE.

For several days a most intolerable nuisance has
been extending itself from the old Post-office
through the adjacent streets, even to places remote
from that building. It appears that the Post-office
establishment had been in the habit of making their
own gas for a considerable time, and orders were
given by Sir Francis Freeling to clear away the
refuse. The course taken by the servants of the
establishment was, notwithstanding its connexion
with the Government, the reverse of that directed
to be observed by the Act of Parliament. It was
determined to let off the abomination through the
sewers. Operations commenced about eight or ten
nights ago, and the consequences were not only
offensive to every ene within the influence of the
stench, but injurious to the health of several. For
some time every one who passed through the streets
in the vicinity of the Post-office turned up his nose,
without knowing from whence proceeded the effluvia.
At length the Lord Mayor was applied to by some
of the principal residents.
It was stated to his Lordship that it was matter
of surprise to the neighbourhood that he had per-
mitted a nuisance of so horrible a description to
exist so long in the city.

The LORD MAYOR—HOW can I stop it ? My
own family are suffering from what you complain
of. There are now three persons in this house who
are suffering from its noxious influence. I have
sent to the Post-office to Sir Francis Freeling upon
hearing the complaints of the vicinity, and have been
assured that it should be checked at once, but it still
continues. It has eontaminated our provisions, and
it is in fact poisoning the whole district.
A gentleman from the house of Messrs. Calvert,
the porter brewers, said to his Lordship, that his
principals had very serious cause of complaint indeed
against the Post-office, and should feel it to be their
duty to proceed against that establishment for the
recovery of very large damages for the injury they
had sustained. They estimated that injury at the
sum of 10,0001. If the proper means of removal
had been resorted to, no mischievous effect could
have been produced.
The LORD MAYOR told the numerous complain-
ants that he should again send to Sir Francis Freel-
ing. It was most extraordinary, that after such a
communication as he had caused to be made to that
officer, so horrible an annoyance should be continued.
The officers of the surrounding parishes then ad-
ded their complaints, and Mr. Cope, the Marshal,
was despatched to the Post-office. The justice-
room, as it happened, smelt as offensively at the
very time this conversation was going forward as the
common sewer in its ordinary state.
One of the persons employed as a mechanist at
the Post•oflice instantly obeyed the summons of the
Lord Mayor, Sir Francis Freeling and Mr. Kaye noc
being at the establishment.

HIS LORDSHIP asked, with much indignation,
why the nuisance was not abated.

The man replied that Sir Francis Freeling had
done all in his power to prevent its continuance, and
no doubt it would now gradually disappear.
The LORD MAYOR—Why was not the refuse
taken away as the Act directs in covered waggons,
instead of being turned into the drains and allowed
to poison the public?—The man said it was con-
sidered more advisable to let the refuse run into
the drains, than to take it off in waggons. In the
latter way the job could not be completed in less
time than eight weeks, while through the drains the
refuse was passed away in a few days. The smell,
as might be expected, could not depart at once,
but in a short time all the annoyance would cease.
In the course of the day the subject was often
renewed, fresh complainants appearing, and when-
ever an opportunity offered, addressing his Lordship,
and beseeching him to interfere to prevent a pesti-
lence from being engendered amongst the citizens of
London.

Thus beset, and really apprehensive that his
Easter feast would be liable to contamination from
the influence of the gas, and his guests thrown into
" most admired disorder," the LORD MAYOR again
despatched a messenger to the Post-office.
Soon afterwards ene of the principal officers of
the establishment waited upon his Lordship, and
appeared extremely desirous to impress upon him
the anxiety felt by the head of the Post-office that
he should believe that every thing should be done to
abate the existing nuisance. The surveyor of the
Post-office had, he said, been directed to adopt the
best means in his power for the removal of the gas
refuse, and with the concurrence of Messrs. Marti-
neau, whose experience and skill had been well at-
tested, had determined to let it off through the
drains. The plags of the neighbourhood had been
all turned, and all the remains would no doubt be
soon washed away.

The LORD MAYOR assured the gentleman that
Mr. Calvert, the brewer, would seek reparation in a
court of law, and as he (the Lord Mayor) was bound
to protect his fellow-citizens, he should feel it his
duty if the nuisance did not at once cease, to order
an indictment to be forthwith laid against the
establishment, high as was his opinion of its con-
ductors, particularly of Sir Francis Freeing.