The Sun.
London, England, 1806-12-27 00:00:00

ATEIVILd PEN.

I . The long meditated plan for the enlargement of
V the Harbour of Newhaven is :about to be car-
ried into &feet. Of 'all the public measures that
have lately been adopted for the • convenience and
protection of our numerous coasters; none perhaps
is more important,' either in policy 'or national:
utility, than the making a safe and commodious
harbour between the Downs and Spithead- The
want. of such a Haven. has been Severely felt, not
only by the Royal Navy, but by the" commercial
^ part yf the community in particular. That it his '
becorhe infinitely more necessary than heret9-
fore,, in consequence of the determination ,of a
bitter and formidable enemy to attack the
.Coun-
try whenever he shall have an otiportunity,, must
be admitted. Newham) is confessedly an excel-.•
lent place for such a harbour. In respect t to its
praalicability, able naval Engineers, and others, have
made the most: satisfaCtory reports on the subject.'
A bold shore. renders our coast much more fa-
vourable fur 'ships of burthen,:than the foul and
flat shores of the opposite coast, where, how-
ever, under great difficulties, by means of an ex-
.) :mdittire vastly beyond what would be required in
. the.present instance, such harbours have. been form-
ed, as at Dieppe, Boulogne, Calais, Dunkirk, and Os-
tend. The local advantages, at the same time, to
be derived from such a work, would far exceed
,our
- most sanguine expeaations.... ,A navigable canal,
likewise, with facility, might be Made to commune-^^
cate with the counties of Surrey and Kent; and the
greatest possible benefitS, embracing even- theiuture
security of the Empire, would be the result. New-
haven is situated nearly midway between Deal and
Portsmouth,, and is admirably calculated to atford
a proteCtion to our Marine, as well from the Etieniy,—
as from the. weather. In Dungeness Roads our
small craft is not only exposed. to the predatory ex-
cursions of the horde of Privateers that infest this
part of the Channel, but Vessels which Come to an
anchorage there for safety are sometimes detained for
several days together; at great •expence and immi-
nent hazard, by being unable to double Beachy-head
Point. These considerations are sufficiently mate-,
rial to insure to such a projeal every tncceis.and every
encouragement.

. _
Yesterday morning his Royal Highness the Prince
Of WALES set off in his barouche and four for the
Oaks, the seat of the Earl of DERBY, on, Epsom
Downs, where his Royal Highness is expeeted to
pass two or three days : the Countess of DERBY has
fitted up a suite of apartments entirely new; foil the
reception of their illustrious Visitor, the ,bed=room
of which is 'arranged in a Most superb and= tasteful
style.

The Duke of GLOUCESTER and Suite arrived on
Tuesday evening at Trinity Lodge, Cambridge, on
a visit to the Rev.Dr.MANszL, the Master, when the
. .
whole Society were invited to meet•his Royal High-
• ness at a very elegant dinner. On Wednesday, :being
Commemoration-day at Trinity College,
,his Royal
Highness dined in the7College Hall,* where there
was nearly 300 persons. '
NUPTIAL WONDER.—According to a report which
has for several days been current in the higher cir-
cles, a venerable Peer, who used formerly to take an
• aelive part in the political world, has lately declared
himself a Benedict, to the deep concern of his fa-
mily, and the astonishment of his friends. The
Lady, it"seems, is of low die, and occupied a
very subordinate situation in the mansion
,of the
Nobleman alluded to. Some years ago, it, 4; said,,
her titled Partner made gallant overtures to her—,
bUt not, as was supposed, of such a kind as to re•'
quire the santlion, of the ChUrch,---nor was the Lady
thought to have been impregnably fortified against
these advances. Matters, it is understood, remained
to this:state for a long period; but the exhausted
state which protraeted illness, operating upon
worn-out frame, had produced, has dispoSed the*
aged Peer .to acknowledge the Lady as his lawful
Consort.. What renders the matter still worse for
lineal relations is, that several children
,have been
the issue of this mysteiiouS connexion, who will, of
course, succeed to all the family honouts and exten-
sive property if their birth had the Hymeneal Ta-.
tification in due time.. 1-tow this vexatious business'
'will end nobody can tell at thiS moment, but it is the
subject of much profound conje&ure and active dis
cussion in the fashionable world.

Si)crling.—His Grace the Duke of RUTLAND,
whilst hunting with his fox-hound i a few days ago,
met with an extraordinaryaccldent. The chace lying
across a division drain at Screddington, near Sleaford,
several of the sportsmen attempted to pats, over a
wood( n bridge, prote&ed at each end as well as on the
sides by a railing, The bridge,is 30 yards long, and the
weight of four dr five horses and.their riders Ossing at
the same,tiroth occasioned it to break in the middle
The consequence was, that the Duke and all the other
passengers were preCiiiitated into the drain, whiehis
. a great depth, and, retaining their seats, were with
their horses immersed completely over head. With
some difficulty all the party regained the terra firma.
Dukt never I)st his seat ; but, on his, horse find-
iog his f‘.et again; pursued his. course 'with unabated

Gilbert Heathcote's hounds will meet on
~L)iliay next at. Lyndon on 'Wednesday, at Ilo-
v:irt .on Thursday; at Greetharn WOod; and on
Saturday the 3d of January, at Piior's Copiiiee—at
itelif past tviL

711. t LATE b U.,47 2 la 33 1tL7741S PG7C

PROM THE PAIZIS FAPER3.

The subsequent Article is curious both in its matter and man.
ner—part of the histry is true—but/the deduet-,ns an.
liberal and unmanly in the extreme, and can only flow • ront
a pen direcied hy the deep-rooted malignity of Bonaparte.
Such are the successful attempts to pervert kistcrical
trn,th ; 'and thence it is evident, that Bonaparte; to accom-
plish his ends, is as anxious_ to pollute the sources of teal
• information as he is to destroy the physical pow' ." %of Lis
Opponents.—English Editor.

" Charles Williaajt Ferdinand, *Duke) iruns-
wick Wolfenbuttel, son of Charles Duke of Bruns-
wick, and p sister of Frederick the Great, was
born the
,lOth of Udtober, 1735, and brought up
to the art" military by his uncle Prince Ferdi-
nand, under when he commanded the troops of
Brunswick, who, during the Seven Years—War,
composed a part of the Army of the Allies. He
distinguished himself- ót liastenbeck .and -Bergen,
where the Allies were defeated by the French, and
at',Crevelt and Minden, where the French were
beaten by the Allies.
": In 1760, he commanded the advancecl guard of
the Allied Army, and' ,engaging the French Army
too rashly, he was disconcerted; but.his retreat did
him much honour.- On this occasion he was wound-
ed ; and three months after, at the battle of Kloster-
lamp, he was again wounded.
" In 1761, he was present at the vi&ories obtain-
ed over the French-at-Willinghausen and Warberg;
he was alsO,present at Johannisberg-, where, how-
ever, the French had the advantage. In this latter
a,ffair the Duke received a 4angc Qll3 Wound in the
lover part of the Stomach. °

." When the war Was.terMiliated, the late Duke
returned to Brunswick, where he assisted his father
in the lnana4ernent ,of -the adthinistration of public
affair's.; and, on his death •in 1780, he succeeded to
the Sovereignty of his States, which he go‘erned
with much judgment and moderation. He pro-;
teaed and encouraged men of letters.; and various
artists, together with. several literary chara6ers in
different parts of Gertn;jny, found in Brunswick a
certain asylum, where they enjoyed the utmost lie
b-rFty in their persons and'opintons.-
..;„.." The Duke of Brunswick still remained en the
List of Prussian General Officers ; and when f're-
derick the Sccond was about to invade Holland in
1787, he .enii•Usted him with the cornp.Lind of the
rmy. The weakness of the French Government.
was then sea, that the Dutch were left destitwe of
the succour whiCh had been promised -them : the
Duke of Brunswiek had consequently less difficulty
in accomplishing the objets qt the Expediiioa, iu
which he was seconded by the Stadtholder, and tae
numerous Partizans of the .HOuse Of Orange. kill
easy success on this occasion, tberefCre, could add
"hething to his military glory. •
7,1" The Duke's reputation-, however, obtained for
in 1792, the command of the CoMbined Army
designed for the conquest of France. The Alohifesto
published by him, his' incursion into: Champagne,
.
and his retreat before an army consisting of regi-
ments half disorganized, and half raw recruits that
had not yet received instraaiens for even their tirst
exercise—are circumstances from Which much. cre-
dit cannot be derived to him in the pages of history;
and notwithstanding the talents which he shewed in
the Severe Years' War,' if his military career be hht
compared with what,' es an Administrator, he has
done foritte good of his subjects-4.it'will lie imp,os-:
sible not to acknowledge, that the Duke ót Brunse
wick was' better calchlated to govern in time of Peace
than to command in time of War.

" The disast,ers. which prepeded his death have
been dreadful ; and if, as Frenchmen, .we rejoice at
the lesson given to his mad presumption ; as men,
we cannot but lament to see an aged Sovereign, who
was beloved by his subjects, and a (General enjoying
a, sigh reputation, vanquished, .fOrced to fly; and to
march night and
.day in spite of his wutiPs to
escape falling into the hands of the Conquerot ; zutd,
when searceli arrived upon a Foreign or Nctiiral
Territory, tq sink into the grave, tortured wito tn,A,
grief of knpwing,. that by his fault his chluren are
fileprived of the inheritance of their fatherq. and' nip'
Subjeas deyuted to all fht.-`calainities of war ! • •
" The Mike- of Brunswtok.. vas married' 4). a
Princess of England (AuguSta, sixter t his. Ma-.
jesty the king). From this union'have arisen seve-*
ralichildren. The late ,liereditary Prince .lied
al-
most suddenly last year. The eldest daughter of the
Duke is married to the Prince of Wale."—(Gazette
de France.)

-'s- Yesterday a Naval Officer undertook, fir a wager
Of ten guineas, to swim a very fine model of a ship,,
with sails set, across the Serpentine, in H y de Park, in
seven minutes. _ A number of genteel spect.nors at-
tended, the .aquatic exploit, and the breeze being ra-
ther strong, tile little vessel sailed in the most plea-
sant and, regular manner across, in about five mi.
flutes.

• ANECDOTE OF THE. DUKE DE ROHAN.—Travel-
ling in Switzerland he was taken ill, and sent for the
first Physician of the Canton. Dr. THIBAN.D, who
was reckoned the tbst; being introduced, the Duke
observed, that the face was very familiar to him.—
•" No wonder (replied the ()odor) for I had the ho-
nour to be Marechal (Anglice. Farrier) to your
Grace's Stables."—" And how the devil (said ~the
Duke) happens it that I find you here a phys:cian
and how do you treat your patients ?"—‘• As I
treated your .Grace's horses:—l kill a great many,
but cure a few and therefore, for (od's sake,
let me continue • here to gain my bread among the
honest Swiss."

• Last week as a man was walking along the shore,
near Northfleet, with a gun, for the purpose of
shooting gulls, he took aim at one Which was on the
wing, near a vessel within gun-shot, and fired at
t►he instant that a man, who was on board the vessel,
was coming. up from the hold.• Nearly the whole
quantity of shot• with which the gun was loa. e 4
struck, and lodged in the head of the unfortunate
man,' and wounded him so badly that his life is de.
spai red of.

Qn the night of the ioth instant some daring vil-
lains, by forcing out the glass and the iron bars of
the vestry window, of the ancient church of Bridling=
toil; entered therein; and. broke open a chest, in
p)(peatation of finding' the communion.plate, which
had fortun4tely been taken away by the church-:
wardcns on the day preceding. Tae thieves left
behind
_them a hammer, peir of pincers, and a
plougll's counter.

PI?I,TSSL,i.

ORY or, THE SUCCESSIVE AGGVANTI6tMENTS OF

THE PRUSSIAN MONARCHY.

[From a German Paper.]

The Counts of Zollern• or Hohenzollern, of Swa-
bian origin, having became Burgraves of Nuretn-
burgh, in that quality exercised, in the name of the
Empire, a delegated power, which,-like other Princes,
they soon found means to convert into an hereditary
Sovereignty. On the extinction of the Dukes of
Meran, in 1248, the Burgrave Frederick H. inhe-
rited their posSessions in Franconia, which after-
wards became the Principalities of Anspach and Bay-
reuth. In the midst of an age when Sovereigns
were yet ignorant of the elements of the prosperity
of States, the Princes of the House of Hohenzollern
soon found themselves in possession of an immense
treasure for the time in which they lived.
In 1415, the Burgrave, Frederick V. purchased of
the Emperor Sigismund the Margraviate of Aran-
denburgh, to which was annexed the Eledoral dig-
nity. He is-said to have paid the Emperor, in the
whole; the sum of 400,000 gold florins, in different
instalments. This first Eledor and Margrave of the
House of Zollern, left to all the branches the title of
Margrave. The rage for division,- in order, to pro-
vide for the vounger Princes, threatened to reduce
the rising rower of the House of Brandenburgh. In
1473, the will of the Eleetor Albert, surnamed
Achilles, settled that the Margraviate of Branden-
burgh, with all its dependencies, should be the indi-
visible inheritance of the first-born, and that the
Principalities in Franconia should be subje& to no
more than two reigning branches.‘ . ,
Treachery prepared new aggrandisen-lents for this
House. The Knights of the Teutonic Order were
incapable of defending Prussia against the Poles.-7
After a war of thirteen years, after the number of
villages in Prussia had been reduced from 21,000 to
3013, the Order, in 1466, became vassals .to•the
Crown of. Poland. Impatient of this o=olll, the
knights again took up arms, and confided their for-
tunes to the Margrave Albert, of the House, of
13randenburgh. This faithless Grand -Master, in
1525, concluded a Treaty with the Poles, which, by
subjeaing The Order to the first celebrated secula-
rization after that of, the Templars,'secured to him-
self and his descendants the possession of East, .
Prussia, as an hereditary Duchy, a fief of the Crown
.of Poland. This same Teutonic Order had already
been robbed by the Eleaors of Brandenburgh of the
New Mark. The. Margrave Sigistnund, who mar-
ried the only daughter of Duke Albert, obtained,
in 1611,, the government and investiture of Prussia ;
Which he united, 10 1618, to the Eleaorate.

About the same period, the extinaion of the right
line of the Dukes of Cleves, opened to the Eleetors
of Brandenburgh the succession to the Duchy of
Cleves, and to the counties of Mark and Ravens-
burgh.

All these advantages seemed to be thrown away
upon the Eleaor George William. That weak
Prince had the misfortune to reign during the thirty
years war. His interests and his religion attached
him to the Protestant 'cause;
.but, his Minister
Schwarzenberg sold him to, Austria. Gustavus
Adolphus appeared with 1000 men, and four pieces
of cannon, before the gates of Berlin. His-demands
were complied with, but whenever fortune smiled.
upon the arms of Austria, Sweden was betrayed by
the pusillanimous Eleaor. A natural consequence
of such condua was, that the Swedish and Austria❑
armies alternately carried fire, sword, pillage, famine,
and disease, into the States of Brandenliurgli.
In 1640 Frederick William, whom posterity has
surnamed the Great Eleadr, ascended a tlirotie sur-
rounded with ensanguined ruins. His Provinces
were laid waste or conquered ; the army was re-
duced to 3600 infantry, and '2500 cavalry: He
restored prosperity to his States, increased his mi-
litary force to 21,000, infantry, 4100 cavalry, and
2700 garrison troops ; a respeaable army for that
Period. Faithful to the Swedish cause, he obtained,
by the Peace of Westphalia, the Bishopricks of Min-
den, Halberstadt, and Camin, the reversion of the
Archbishoprick of Magdeburgh, and the peaceful
possession of Farther or Eastern Pomerania, which
devolved to his predecessor in 1637. But Sweden
retained Hither Pomerania, with the fortress of
Stettin, which commands the Oder, and opens a
way to. Berlin.

Frederick William, therefore, considered the
Swedes rather as odious masters than generous bene-
fa&ors ; and developing that interested policy which
King Frederick 11. contented himself" with imitat-
ing, he acted towards Poland and Sweden the pait
of an Ally, ever making new demands, and ever
proving unfaithful.—ln this he succeeded, at least in
part ; the Treaty of Oliva, in 1660, definitively se-
cured to him the Siivereignty of Prussia.
Fifteen years Of Peace favoured the establishment
of manufactures, the creation -of a maritime' com-

merce, and the formation of an admirable system
of finance, which made amends for the smallness of
the revenue. The Prince had about two Millions of
subjeas,- from whom he received, according to au-
thentic documents„the annual st:ua of 1,533,795
Crow us.

',..The wars of;Lobis XIV. involved. Frederick Wil-
liam in new combats, and afforded him an oppor-
tunity of proving himself a great General. The
surprise of the Swedes near Rathenou, 'the viiory
of Fehrbellin, avid the march into .Prussia, across
the Frozen Gulph, called the Frische Hatf, were the
first of those adtions by which the arms of Rranden-
burgh acquired such reputation in Europe.
Frederick I. a vain, but fortunate Prince, crown-
ed himself King of Prussia on the 18th January,
1701., and successively obtained the acknowledg-
ment 'of his new dignity by all the Courts, except-
ing that of Rome. During his reign the Monarchy
was peacefully increased by the Counties of Teclen
burgh and Hohenstein, and the Principality of Neuf-
chatel.

King Frederick L augmented his Army
to 60,000 men. Political and 'military.. economy
continually engaged .the attention of this Prince;
rude in his manners, hat prudent and laboriOus.
The war in the Northrand the battle of Pultowa,
atil;r.led him the much-wi.hed-for opportunity of
dri%ing th.: Swedes almost vrekirely out of Germany;
the iieace in iTio, secured to him, for the snm of

wO Millions of crowns, the possession .of Hither
Poineranta, as far n the Banks of the Peeve, with
the fortress of Stettin and the Islands of, Usedom
and Wallin; important acquisitions=-as they render-
ed Prussia mistress of one of the mouths.of the Oder,
and opened the Baltic Sea to her commerce. Fre- •
derick William left to his successor 2,700,000, Sub-.
je&s, a revenue of 1,250;0001. sterling, and an Armv
of 76,000 men.

Frederick ll..convinced the House of Austria
that it had a' rival in the Empire of Ger Many itself.
The two first wars Of Silesia put him in possession of
that rich province, which contained one million, one
or two hundred thousand inhabitants ; but which,
at Frederick's death, bad 1,582,000, and now nUtii.:
bers 2.048,00 D. He acquired peaceable, possession
of East Friezeland, a small' mei, but of consider-
.able importance, on account of the port of Emden ;
and in 1772, be seized, without striking a blow,
West Prussia, and the distri6t of Netze a coun-
tryat that time well cultivated, but which esta-
blished the communication between antient Prussia
and Pomerania and Brandenburgh. Frederick died
possessed of a country comprising ten thousand
square leagues, 5,830,000. Subjeas, 2,300,000 of
whom he had himself acquired ; a revenue of five
millions sterling; a treasury containing upwards of
eight millions in specie, and an Army of 21(3,000
men.

The second and third partition of Poland added to
Prussia two new provincep, which were called South
Prussia mid !New West Prussia. In political state-
ments these acquisitions we're estimated at no more
than 4652 square leagues, and two millions of in--
habitants. But the last enuttiei•ation proved that
South Prussia had 'a population oft ,3tk7,000 ; New
East Prussia cannot contain less than 870,000
.Old East Prussia had; three years ago,. 955,04 ;
and West Prussia, together with the 'cities of
Dantzic and Thorn, 70,060. Thus, the King-
dom of Prussia alone cdtitains four millions of in-
habitants,

In Germany King FredericK-Mlliani 11.
inhe-
rited the Principalities of AnspaCh and, Bayreuth;
with 480,000 inhabitants. The Prince, therefore,
acquired two millions and a half of new subje&s;
he died, however, without- respe&, without glory;
much less rich) and) perliops, less powerful, than hi's
predecessor. The wise Herzberg. in. vain prediabd
that the c;estrudion of Poland, by taking away all
barriers against the Russians, would give them tke_
sway over the politics Of Prussia. This important
Consideration was overlooked, for the sake. of ob-
taining desolated Provinces, and two millions of
subjects, whose fidelity was doubtful.
Under Frederick Williarri 111. Prussia obtained
very useful acquisitions, while she remained in
friendship with France. She lost part of the Duchy
of Cleves, and .its Dependencies, and 131' square
leagues, and 133,000 inhabitants. She received in
exchange the Bishopricks of Paderborn, Hildersheiru,
and Munster ; part of the territories of Erfurth and
Eichsfeldt six abbeys, three small ittiperial cities,
fiog square leagues, with 513,400 inhabitants. She
thus received a quadruple indemnity, notwithstand-
ing the remonstrances of Austria; and all the Princes
of the Empire.

The Statistical account of M. Krug
.extra6ted'
from the archives of the Government, and adopted:
in the Prussian Schools and-Universities, 'fixes, at
the beginning of 180, the extent of all the Prus-
sian dominions at '5586 German square miles, or
15,516 square leagues ; and the population at
9,640,00 Q persons. Of these, four millions are in •
the Kingdom of Prussia, two millidits in Silesia, tip
wards of two millions iu the Eleaorate; Pomerania,
„Magdeburg'', &c. The remaining and a
half are in the small Provinces in estphalia, Fran-
conia, and Lower Saxony,

We shall not consider in detail the exchange
whiCh recently took place bet Ween Prussia and
France. By ceding Neufchatel, Anspach, Cleves,
Essen and Werden, with about 400,000 inhabitants)
and receiving the Electorate of Hanover, which,
together with Osnabruck, contained one million of
inbabitaiits, the King of Prussia gained immensely,
not only by the intrinsic value of Viese provinces,
but more particularly by their position, since they
connected together the mass of the other Pruissian
possessions in Germany, and gave to Prussia the
command of the Elbe and Weser, the natural . chan-
nels of her commerce, and qf that of the contiguous
Stated.

A IVtonr.rui BED.—,--The article of furniture to
which we immediately allude, has been made for a
Nobleman, whose tasteful mansion •is now fitting
Up. It is distinguished for its great classical, ar-
rangements.

Agreeably to Grecian .costume,. the bed stands
upon a platform, of .three steps, covered with car-
petting, imitating velvet. The tour pillars of this
bed represent the stems of Indian corn when at its
full zenith of luxuriance. They are executed in
•French mat, and burnished gold ; and they support
a tester comprising three stems of the same plant.
Simplicity being the objet`} of real elegance, the
same chara6teristic ornament forms itself into a pe-
diment for three sides of this bedstead,- Pursuing
Hindoo magnificence, are placed at the foot of each
pillar, on pedestals, the finest religious relics, re-
mdved froth Egypt, under the expedition of CAM-.
ISACERES, and of which we see so many specimens
distributed through all Asia. The hangings of this
bedstead are equally simple in their design. Instead
of massive festoons, we see here introduced a valen
of rich crimson velvet, worked in gold, agreeably to
.Eastern splendour. The curtains are of the same
materials, bat they are worked all over, without any
formal border. The fringe of this bed is composed
of silk and gold; the counterpane is of white silk,
filled with Eiderdown, and fringed en suite with the
bed. Consistent with Oriental manners, the bed is
extremely low, scarcely exceeding the ordinary
height of -a common seat ; but the bedstead, pos-
sessing an imposing appearance, is wade eighteen
feet high, that is, to the top of the dome.

The furnitUre, to correspond with such an apart-
ment as this, should,• properly speaking, be entirely
after the Hindoo style, and certainly it becomes,in-
dispensibly necessary to follow the strift outline fur-
nished by artists who have been resident in that
country, and who, Of course, are competent judges
for such an undertaking,.