The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDA Y EVENING, OCTOBER 19, 1863.

111...........................
ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA,
COVENT-GARDEN.
Under the Manacrement of 31iss
arrison. Louisa Fyne and
Mr. W. H
THIS EVENING, Wdi see's Romantic Opera, THE
DESERT FLOWER: Miss Louisa Pyne, Miss Susan Pyne ;
Messrs. W. 11. Weiss, 11. Corri. A. Cook, and W. Harrison.
Conductor, Mr. A. Mellon.—Doors open at half-past Seven.
lommence at Eight.
___.--------

H EATRE ROYAL DRURY - LANE.
Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and I'. B. Chatterton.
THIS EVENING, GONE TO TEXAS. Mr. Walter Lacy
and Miss Murray.
After which. Lord Byron's Choral Tragedy, MANFRED.
Messrs. r helps, Ryder, Rayner, M-ag,reson, Ward, Spencer ;
Miss Heath, -Miss E. Atkinson, Miss Leclercq, and Mrs. E.
Falconer. Vocalists—Miss Poole, Miss 'litter, Miss Cicely
Nott, Miss Heywood, and Mr. Swift.
To conclude with A ROLAND FOR AN OLIVER.

ritiNcEss,S THEATRR.—Great 'nceess of
HERRMANN. P REST IDIGITATEIT K. ITER
HERRMANN has the honour to announce that, in conse-
nuence t the great success and flatterimr recept on he has
with, he will continue his Performances, EVERT
.EVENINLi.

Commencing at Eight.

THEATRE ROYAL HAYMARKET.-
Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr, Buckstone.
THIS EVENING, THE RIVALS: Mr. Chippendale. Mr.
Buckstone, Mr. Howe, Mr. Rogers, Mr.W. Farren, Mr. Cl trs,
Mr. Braid ; Mesdames Snowdon, L. Angel, E. Fitzwilliam,
Terry, Sze.
Atter which, TILE BENGAL TIGER.: Mr. Alfred Wigan
And MY HUSBAND'S GHOST.
Commence at 7.

NEW THEATRE-RO VAL, ADELPHI.—
Solo Pnnnrintor and Manager, M 7. B. Webster.
THIS EVENING, at 7, THE TRAGEDY QUEEN: Mrs.
•3ti
At 8, the New Drama of LEAH : Miss Bateman, supported
.#
Messrs. Arthur Stirlinz, H. Phillips. Billiteitosnu,Pstuart,
jo:Wood, Eburne, Miss H. Simms and Mrs. Billington_ss
to conclude with CATCHING AN lIEIILESS
Woolgar and Mr. A. Wood.

3/ISS BATEMAN.—LEAI-1.--The celebrated
-11._ young* American Actress, Miss RAT
of
havinp:
ob-
an her first appearance in the New Drama of LEAH.
tained the most triumphant and enthusiastic success that has
been wi.nessed for many years, and the profound i
created by her impersonation of the character t LEAH
o upon
a c owded audience hAvino• been completely ratified
he entire by the
Daily
unanimous veruot and critical approva
Pit", the Manager ot the NEW ADELPHI THEATRE has
the honour to announce that Miss BAT EMAN will appear
in the New Drama of LEA.LI EVERY EVENING till further
notice.

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE.
Manae,er, 3lr. W. H. Swanborough.
THIS EVENING, TURN HIM OUT. Mr. C. Fenton.
Alter which. MITHAIFS CRIME. Messrs. G. Honey,
Parseile, Belford, Turner,Mlss K.Saville, and bliss Manders
Followed by THE. MOTTO, " FM ALL THERE." Messrs
-Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Mesdames Ada Swan:-
Hughes, Weston, Thorne, Wallace, and Jenny
White.

Commence at 7.

-EIRE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,''
c ontaining the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE,
an be had Every Evening of
G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT,

No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park.

- HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
rifts DA-Y.—Morning,: 6h. 10m.—Afternoon, 6h. 38m.
To-ktoralow.-Morning., 7h. Bm.—Afternoon, 7h. 43m.

The Weather—Sun Office, Oct. 19, 1863.

THERMOMETER.

This day at Two o'clock 59
Barometer-30.08.
Wind—South-West ; moderate, and cloudy.

til

~~~~
:~~~~ ~-

Suit

LONDON, MONDAY, OCT. 19, 1863.

During this long vacation it can hardly be said
that there has been any lack whatever of exciting
and interesting topics, whether for casual conver-
sation or for more deliberate comment under the
hand of the journalist. 'Fee two sanguinary civil
wars so long desolating important portions of the
old world and of the new—eastwards in Poland,
westwards in North America—have all this while
been continued more:or less fiercely and uninter-
ruptedly between the respective belligerents.
Another still further away, yonder in the far East,
in the remote archipelago of the Japanese, has
become, during the last few months, more and more
visibly a thing inevitable. Within the last few
weeks we have learnt, through the latest tidings
from Mexico, that the contest there at any
rate has, ostensibly at least, been brought to
a close. Though, while hearing this satisfac-
tory account, there are probably but very few,
indeed, amongst us who would be half disposed
to place implicit reliance upon it—looking rather
to the probabilities of a stormy future there in
Mexico as the all but unavoidable sequel of
Marshal FOREY'S victories. And this—whether
the new crown and sceptre be actually assumed
or eventually declined by the Archduke, now the
Emperor Elect of Mexico, MAXIMILIAN. Within
the last few days only, come lamentable tidings to
us from our antipodes, to the effect that a new war
with the .Maories—another of those little wars that
the old Duke of WELLINGTON so wisely bore in
such very peculiar abhorrence—has actually begun,
must perforce be resolutely persisted in, and, as
promptly as may be in any way practicable, carried
to a close, in New Zsaland. Meanwhile the Diplo-
macy of Great Britain has been busily at work in
various other directions. A policy of the most
incongruous character being carried out, upon the
meet contradictory and confusing system, by the
noble Earl at the Head of the Foreign Department.
As a Reformer, as a Parliamentary Reformer, we
might almost say so far as pretension goes, as
the Parliamentary Reformer, Lord RUS3ELL for a
second time in his career has made good his claim
to the prefix of Finality, this time by emblazoning
upon his battered shield of statesmanship the meek
device—` Rest and Ba Thankful." For the utter-
ance of which same comfortable recommendation—
comfortable to a man in power, though not by any
means comfortable or comforting to the aspiring
acd ambitious people who put him there,
people
who were deluded into so doing by
the
" dodge" of his specious Resolutiots
for the utterance, we say, of that (for him,
may be, though not for others) very comfortable
recommendation, Earl RUSSELL may be quite cer-
tain that he himself will be allowed very little rest
indeed, and that the people themselves will be any-
thing thus by the mere
thing but thankful.
soporific iv fluences of place and its perquisites into
profound inaction as a Reformer, Lord RUSSELL
has for months past been busier than ever, if that
be possible, as a diplomatist. And his activity in
this way in the energetic conduct of the affairs of
his Department, possesses at any rate the charm
belonging to that quality which is
ss to
proverbially
declared to be so peculiarly pleasing--to
wit, variety. Never before, perhaps, has
there been such diversity of method simultane,
ously displayed
in dealings with several
distinct
powers on the part of an
naglish Foreign Secretary. To describe the
tone, so to speak, of the policy of Earl T? -.USSELL,
in his ever profoundly responsible position as
Foreign Secretary, as of late alternately truckling
to the so called great passers, and truculent towards
the quasi weak Ones, Would hardly
be any exoeee-
ration at all as eSpreSaive of a contrast that 'has
latterly become quite fligrtlut and notorioeS.
In a
correspondence of no doubt perfect lucidity and
exceeding ingenuity, the noble lord can adroitly
contrive, it is true, to lengthen out a series of futile,
and therefore to the particular nationality Which
happens to be the sufferer, of all
but total,
assuredly of met cruelly injurious negotiatioea.
These negotiations that have recently been taking
place, that is to say, between the Government of
England and the Government of ltuseia in re-
spect to Poland, at the very time that the Polish
provinces of the Cz.ut are being desolated by
his pitiless troopers and their attendant hang
men and wielders of the knout. In Italy the con-

fusion is , moreover, likely to become worse con-
founded, by the same noble earl's faithful regard
to his ovi a family interests—the only thing effected
since Pa rliament was prorogued in August being—to
what end ? Simply the substitution of an ELLIOT
for a HUDSON as Ambassador at the Court of Turin.
In reference to Schleswig-Holstein —it can hardly
be, as yet obliterated from the least retentive
memory here in England how, in abrupt violation of
what had, been previously, until then, as it might
almost ''ae called the traditional policy of our rulers in
regar d'to that particular European difficulty, Lord
Rr;SSELL addressed a most haughty and arroganth
e.espatch, in the interests of Germany, to the Danish
I this at the very time when
the Danes and the English were brought
into more than ever intimate alliancefblyvtAhLezhs andappy
marriage of H. R. H. the Prince of
Strangest
oersyt
contrast of all, however,
H. R. H. the Princess
aAmt.oEnx.
these A• S
co n trad
manifestations on the part of Earl RUSSELL'S diplo-
macy—the most startling and painful of all these
violent and glaring contrasts—there is on the one
hand the obstinate haughtiness displayed, under very
questionable circumstances, towards the Government
of Brazil, and there is, on the other hand, the
weak and timorous concession under yet more
questionable circumstances (in another sense) to
those unnatural revilers of England and the Eng-
lish, the Federals of North America, and their bung-
ling rulers at Washington. If only in remembrance
of these two widely contrasting displays of his policy
as a Diplomatist—the rupture with Brazil, and the
seizure of the steam rams at Liverpool—
if only in remembrance of those two in-
cidents, and always of the noble lord's histo-
rical "dodge" in regard to those well known
Resolutions of his which brought about the last
change in the British Government—Earl RUSSELL,
we repeat, may be quite certain of this, that come
what may, England, whatever else she may do in
regard to himself and his colleagues, will not Rest,
will not be Thankful.

The proverb that "no news is good news" is
often true of public affairs as well as of private life.
The ordinary peaceful progress of a State supplies
no startling intelligence, no communications of deep
and thrilling interest. It is in times of warfare
and struggle, of revolution and internal convulsion,
that every incident has weight, every trivial par-
ticular rises into importance. In such seasons the
ordinary pursuits and interests of peaceful days
sink into insignificance, as the histories of former
times are for the most part too busy with the nar-
ratives of foreign and domestic conflicts, to have
much space to spare for any account of the condition
of the people. It is, therefore, a very favourable
sign when we receive no more exciting intelligence
from our Indian possessions than assurance of the
increasing importance of the tea trade and matters
of local intelligence. The year has been one of
extreme political dullness, but such years often play
a more important part in the internal development
of a country than the stormy and troubled seasons
which fill a more prominent place in its annals.
The rapid extension of the tea trade, which has
been especially noticeable in the past twelve months,
cannot be considered by the political economist as a
matter of insignificance. A large and valuable
trade has been lately developing itself in India,
which promises to give a stimulus to exertion, an
employment to: the people, a safe investment to
capital, and an important addition to the resources
of the nation. The most desponding financiers can
hardly despair of the future of India with such
statistics before them as those recently compiled
on the subject of the tea trade, and it is difficult to
exaggerate the importance of its rapid and pro•
sperous growth as a means of encouraging specula.
tors to invest their capital in the cultivation of
Indian lands. Assam has long been known as a
tea producing country from the indigenous
plant that bears its name, which some
persons esteem very highly. It is only lately,
however, that any great extension of the area of
cultivation has been attempted. In accordance
with the stand-still policy which usually presided in
Leadenhall-street, thousands of acres were left waste,
while a very little reflection might have told the
authorities that, if tea was native in Assam, it was
worth making the experiment of growing it in
Hindostan. Districts, which subsequent experi-
ence have shown to be admirably fitted for tea
plantations, were esteemed so valueless by our wise
predecessors, that, after the conclusion of the Ne-
paulese war, some trouble was taken to find out the
heirs of the former possessors. In Kumaon and
Gur whal, which border on the Nepaulese frontier,
and lie to the north of Rohilcund, are 19,00 square
miles, which are at present yielding the absurdly
inadequate sum of 120,000 per annum to the State
—little more than a pound a year for every square
mile from provinces, part of which, according to
Dr. lAMESON, " is destined to become one of the
great centres of the tea cultivation in the Hima-
layas." This gentleman, Superintendent of the
Botanical Gardens at Seharnupore, on the border of
the Punjaub, has been the chief promoter of the
Government experiments. He presided over the
first plantations in the North-East, and has subse-
quently been very instrumental in extending the
tea cultivation, by distributing seed free of charge,
and supplying trained Chinese and Indian work-
men. The success of the Government plantations
in the Punjaub and North-West has been very
great, but not more so than that attending private
experiments. Tea bids fair to become the staple
product of India, and the Chinese are likely to find
their neighbaurs very dangerous rivals before long.
In the Punjaub alone, partial as is the cultivation,
there
are 9,518 acres of tea plantations, which,
when they are all brought under cultivation, it is
calculated will yield 2,453,400 lbs. In the Punjaub a
smaller system
India, the natives btehinegio
of trade prevails than elsewhere in
tion of tea in Umritsur albonn.seuinas consumers. The
to a great extent, both
the cultivators and
t oTbhee
Ico7o consump-
tion
bps-.
carry the trade across the l'nhg-
annually. Efforts are
bzet frontier, and with
a view to this result Dr. JAIL made,however, to
ranle
hundred packages of sa
he intends
°N has made up a
as presents to the wandering' merchants
r cyhhai which
who bring
wool from Thibet. If this Eche, ne
s
tbe successful,
and a market is opened for Indian in Central
Asia there will be no lack of employ:
natives or profit for the cultivators in thatt for the
quarter.
One of the chief natives in this nei •
ghbourhood
has 5,000 acres of land, each acre capable of
f, 300 lbs. of tea, consequently h •
fielding 0 le ex-
pected to export 1,500,000 lbs. from his velle:y. alone.
This native leas his own factory, and
competes with
the English settlers in every p,-..ticular, so that if
his example be followed the, tea trade is likely to
do us double service by diverting the minds of the
native chiefs from disaffection and rebellion into
the safer and more profitable spheres of action
which depend on peace and stable government for
their success. In the north-western provinces the
tea prospects are equally promising. The extensive
valley of Dehra Doou will, according to Dr. JAME-
SON'S anticipations, be, in a few years, a sheet of
tea plants. In this part there are twenty owners
besides Government, of whom seven are natives.
The province of Gur what, on the Himalaya slopes,
if fully cultivated, would, according to the report,
"not only supply the whole of the Ldiau market,

:asr6inagertersacotf
were cultivated from the hills of the Punjaub to the
but that of Europe also with tea." Appoluanndtsa.tionnin
it sold, recently, for ten thousande
npolarnthta-wtioesntse, rannprovinces a
calone f
thhaev
tee
a3.Bb,
border of Nepaal, and yielded 100 lbs. per
acre, which we have seen is far below what
may be expected, the total produce would be
according to Dr. JAMESON'S estimate, 930,000,000
lbs. annually, or as much as the export of all China.
The facilities for the tea culture are even greater on
the eastern slopes of the Himalayas, where the in-
digenous plant grows abundantly. Darjeeling,
which has been known as a tea-bearing district for
the last two years, lies almost directly north of
Calcutta, and only needs the further extension of
the railway to develope its trade still more fully.
Cachar, in the same direction, produced 500,0001b5.
of tea from 31 plantations in one year, according to
the official repot t two years ago. We may, there-
fore, conclude that that amount has very consider•
ably increased since then. In the matter of export
to England, Assam is the most favoured, having a
direct water communication with Calcutta by means
of the Brahmapootra. With suoh facts before them,
however, we can hardly doubt that even the Indian
Government will press forward the extension of the
means of internal communication. With the excep-
tion of Sir CHARLES WOOD'S obstinate adhesion to
the old system of land tax and waste land regula-
tions, the authorities have hitherto shown every
desire to encourage the cultivation of tea. The
surprising succeca which has attended all such enter-
prises must serve to encourage the most hesitating
and dubious observer, although it is true the success
of the Godavery water works has not been able to
stimulate the ruling powers to further action. It
is difficult to overrate the value to India in every
way of such an important addition to her exports,
and we can only hope that every possible facility
and encouragement will be given to the cultivator
and the merchant.

ho reception which Colonel LAMAR met with at
the Chertsey Agricultural Society goes far to con-
tradict the assertions made by some relative to the
state of feeling in this country on American
affairs. Almost the whole company rose to drink
the toast, which included the Colonel's name among
the visitors present at the entertainment. Through-
out the course of his remarks he was loudly cheered,
and altogether his reception was a most enthusiastic
one. Some points referred to in this discourse are
worthy of notice, and it is especially satisfactory to
meet with some authentic representation of events,
after the confused and conflicting statements which
have appeared from those who are only half-
informed of the facts they attempt to explain. The
Colonel commenced by appropriately alluding to
the cordial reception ho had met with, and declared
that it was the more gratifying to him because it
had been awarded by farmers. The reason for this
he explained, by stating that he came from a
country of farmers. A man never speaks to greater
advantage than when he is defending his country
from attack, or celebrating its merits, as the case
may be. Thus these earnest words seem a fitting
introduction to a speech
which was designed
expressly to set forward the rights of the Seces-
sionists and expose the frauds and fallacies of their
opponents. " His country was not, as they
had
been told, one of indolent, dissolute, and
wealthy
planters; but of independent, intelligent freemen,
nearly one-half of them owning the land
which they cultivated, and nearly all
of them seeing in each up-turned sod of their
fallow-ground, that which was more precious to
them than the gold of California, the sparkle of in-
dependence, and of personal liberty." There is
much truth in this asseveration, whatever aspersions
may be cast upon its veracity by indignant dis-
claimers. It is the spirit of self-reliance and the
real love of independence which have sustained the
Confederates in their unequal struggle, and im-
parted to their thinned ranks and decaying
strength
an ever-springing endurance, and a vitality that
gave courage to meet the emergency. Had the in-
habitants of the South been such recreants, or such
tame-spirited and ruthless tyrants as they had been
described to us in many places, as they figured in
historical sketches, and gloomed darkly in the
pages of narratives, they never could have achieved
half of their heroic efforts, or any of their hard-
fought encounters. It is somewhat curious to
notice that in exact proportion as the Southerners
have gained upon general attention and admiration
their adversaries have deteriorated. The feet is,
that the Northerners were taken upon trust, as it
were, before the outbreak of this trying and
exposi-
tory conflict. Without too closely scanning, or too
rr inutely particularising the shades of character
and distinctions of feeling, people in general seemed
to fancy that their boastful assertions and bragging
professions were connected in some way with the
will to do, and the power to bear, when
it came to the point, Experience has shown
far otherwise, and many of the skirmishes,
engagements, and rencontres that have been
chronicled in the annals of the war, have robbed
self-complacency of its triumph, and exposed the
deceptive character of vaunted freemen. Colonel
LAMAR very forcibly pourtrayed the glaring incon-
sistencies that were apparent in the Government of
Washington. He said that none of the great bul-
warks of English liberty were to be found in the
Northern States. Certainly there are good grounds
for this remark, when we note the instances brought
forward of some official arrangements, which are
more closely assimilated with despotic sway and
tyrannical interference than with any attempt at
freedom, however insufficient may bo its outline
and limited its scope. The Secretary of State had
boasted that he was eble, by touching a bell on tis
right hand, to imprison a citizen in the distant
State of Michigan, and also, that I-ay touching
another bell on his left hand, he ',Jould imprison a
citizen in New Hampshire or 7alaine_ Well might
the speaker exclaim, aft"er recapitulating these
anomalies, that freedom 'was not the object sought
after by the United 'states Government. A grim
despotism glare-a (aver the land, liberty ',stood naked
and defence) ess, cowering before it. Spies, police
officers, raid prcivost-marshals were the ministers of
the Government.'" This is a stern and sombre pie-
ture to diver of the model Republic of the Western
world. We wonder what Mr. BRIGHT would say
to such a treasonable declaration concerning his
i''.olised States, which were to have furnished us with
Et copy of social advantages a few years back, and of
whose virtues and merits he seemed ready to
discourse the livelong day. Putting aside
the vexed question of the right of seces-
sion the advantages of abolition, and
judging the Federals by themselves, taking a review
o rtheir proceedings in the civil war, it is an
undisputed fact that they have proved faithless
to their
professions ef freedom, and that their
who b
le conduct
, ma a people, and career as a State,
have gross violet'
ion of the principles, and
a prostitution of the name of that liberty which
it was once thei •
proudest boast that they main-
tained immaculate and Unstained before the nations
glimpse given • of
the state of
things across the Potomac certainly redounded to
the credit of the people there. The general feel-
ing of spontaneity that prevailed, the perfect order
that reigned in the internal arrangements, coupled

I with the uniformity of action and concert of move-
ment in external action, all presented a strong con-
trast to the former representation. The advocate
of the Confederate States might with just pride
compare the sketches he had given, and assert
that he wished Englishmen "to decide which
were the representatives of American or Anglican
liberty and constitutionality," I❑ conclusion Col.
LAMAR referred to the question of slavery, and
said that if ever the time came when the negroes
required and deserved freedom, the South would
be ready to confer it on them. In this he was
touching upon a subject that involves the most
important considerations, and in which lies the
true source of strength for the future, if it is
but rightly comprehended. The time that sees the
" day-star of liberty rise" will be a benign and
blessed epoch. The South will acquire new vigour
and win respect for her magnanimity, as she has
acquired admiration for her bravery, from those who
watch the issue of this fitful strife. At all events,
it seems a significant fact that one of the Confede-
rate army should have been accorded that welcome
which England only awards to the brave who have
been true in the trying time of defeat, and stood
the searching test of victory, It is well known
that no such a climax as Bull's Run ever deterio-
rated from the military reputation of the Confede-
rates; bat the sympathy of this country is awakened
by the thought that victory did not convert their
legions into ruffians, and no orders unbecoming
Christian and civilised States ever emanated from
the generals or were obeyed by the ranks of those
whose foes call them cruel and callous, but who
have taught their enemies a lesson that their best
friends might pray and beseech them to follow with
advantage to their reputation and credit to their
cause.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE,

[REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.]

SPAIN.

MADRID, OCT. 18,
The Empress of the French arrived at the Royal
Palace at 8 o'clock this evening.
An immense crowd assembled at the railway
terminus, and in the streets through which her
Majesty passed, and gave her a cordial reception.

THE lONIAN ISLES.

TRIESTE, OCT. 18.

The lonian Parliament has resolved, by a vote of
33 to 3, that the protectorate of England over the
lonian Islands shall cease immediately, the Senate
be dissolved, and the lonian Islands forthwith be
annexed to Greece.

PRUSSIA.

BERLIN, OCT. 19.

Letters received here from Warsaw, dated 18th
inst., state that the Government has ordered civi-
lians to give up all arms and permits for the posses-
sion of arms till the next day.

FRANCE.

PARIS, OCT. 19.

M. Rouher has been appointed Minister of State,
and M. Rouland President of the Council of State.

A decree has been issued fixing three as the num-
ber of Nice-presidents of the Council of State.
The vice-presidents will exercise in regard to the
Senate and Corps Legislatif the powers determined
by Article 51 of the Constitution.
MM. Forcade-Laroquette and Chaix d'Estange
have been appointed vice-presidents of the Council
of State, and M. Vintry, Governor of the Bank,
honorary vice-president.
BOURSE, Oct. 17.—The market opened at a
further decline, but after a time again recovered.
Tbrees, for the Account, are now unvaried at 671.
25c. Mobilier remains up to the present time un-
changed. Railway Shares are quiet, but firm.
The market closed as follows :

it per Cents .. 95 50
Do. eral
3 per Cents
Do. end month 67 25
Credit Mobiher 1142 50
Do, end month 1140
Bank Shares 3390
Credit k oneier 1310
$d IL'

Italian Loan 73 40
Do. end month 74 15
Now ditto
Do. end month....
Russian
Austrian
Spanish Threes 53
Florae Debt
rAirs.

Cash. Account.
Orleans 978 75 .. 975
Northern ....
Lyons and Mediterranean 967 50
New ditto
Geneva 498 75 ..
Southern 692 60 .. 695
Western
Eastern
Sardinian
Austrian ..
Lorphard
North of Spain
Saragossa 640 640
Ditto to Barcelona