The Sun.
London, England, 1839-02-15 00:00:00

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Now ready, a new and revised Edition, with additions, in 2
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AN ACCOUNT OF
THE KINGDOM OF CAUBUL,
AND its DEPENDENCIES in PERSIA, TAR-
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COMPRISING
A VIEW of the AFGHAUN NATION, and
A HISTORY of the DOORAUNEE MONARCHY.
By the Hon. MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE.
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This day, in 2 vols. dvo., with Plates,
AWINTER JOURNEY (TATAR)
FROM CONSTANTINOPLE TOTEHERAN;
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4 COMPENDIUM of the EVIDENCE
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" The evidence is of a most extraordinary character.
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POLITICAL DISCOURSES,
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LONDON AND BIRIVIINGRAM

RAILWAY.

On the sqbject of the proposed application to Parliament by the
London and Birmingham Railway Company, adverted to yesterday,
it is stated to.day, in explanation, that " in consequence of the heavy
calls upon the proprietors, the Directors have availed themselves of
the powers given them by their Act of Incorporation, by issuing
debentures in anticipation of, and secured upon, the remaining calls
due.upon the two sums of capital 250,000/. and 625,000/. ; these
calls are therefore pledged, and are only available for the liquidation
of the debentures thus issued." But here the question naturally
arises, as the amount not called on the shares is only 875,0001. (it
is not, strictly speaking, more than 750,0001.). and as the debentures
amount to 2,619,000/., upon what security the difference between
these two sums is advanced ? It is also very difficult to comprehend
why, as the concern is in so flourishing a state, the shares bearing a
premium of 851. each, it may not be as ready a mode of raising
money to issue new shares and to call up the full amount,
as to issue debentures on the security of those shares. At all events,
In an undertaking admitted to be thus deeply in debt, the policy must
be a very doubtful one of declaring, as was recently done, a large
dividend on the shares. No doubt ought, at the same time, to be
expressed of the solidity of this great and important concern ; but if
these debentures or shares are held largely in deposit by the joint..
stock banks in the country as security for advances, which was the
point raised yesterday, it ought not to be classed in the best descrip.
Lion of banking, and especially where large issues of notes are
founded upon them.

Some uneasiness has been felt in the City among persons con-
nected with Ireland at the circulation of rumours that some of the
banks had been run upon, but there appears to be no absolute foun.
dation for them, though the state of banking in that part of the
United iiingdom has been such for several months past as to render
such occurrences by no means unlikely. All that can be stated on
the subject at present is, that the stronger and sounder banks, who
never fail to suffer for the indiscretion of their rivals, and to be run
upon also, are prudently making provisions fer such a state of
things, by sending over from London a supply of notes and specie.—
Times.

ABOLISHING OF IMPRISONMENT

FOR DEBT BILL.

TO THE ED1T6.1.? OF THE SUN.
SIR-I hope that amongst the many contemplated alte-
rations in the various Acts of Paaliament which will come
under the consideration of the Legislature during the pre-
sent Session, the Act, entitled " A❑ Act to Abolish Im-
prisonmeint for Debt," will, be attended to, so that the
bail clause may not remain as it does now, almost a dead
letter to poor country debtors, but operate usefully amongst
that class of her Majesty's subjects.
The clause, as it now stands, certainly does not require
the attendance of the debtors ; but their bail must per-
sonally a,pear in London, whether the debtor be confined
in a gaol at the Land's End, or only within afro miles of
the metropolis.

That error in the clause precludes all possibility of poor
debtors incarcerated in prison at a distant part of England,
being hailed, because they cannot afford to pay the expenses
of their bailmen to London ; but the RICH or TITLED
debtors who seek relief under the Insolvent Act, can soon
get bailed, because they are generally provided with the
needful to pay all expenses attending such a journey.
Thus poor debtors must consequently be kept in prison,
and that too under the very Act which was supposed to
" abolish Imprisonment for Debt."
'Tie true debtors cannot be arrested and taken to jail on
Mesne Process, but must wait till judgment is obtained
against them ; but once judgment is had, either by the re-
gular process or by cognovits, the defendants, if unable to
meet their respective demands, arc cast into prison, and
there mutt remain, for the foregoing reasons; so that im-
prisonment for debt in such instances is only nominally, not
virtually abolished,
There are many parts of the Bill which work well, such
as the compulsory clause, but that I shall leave, as my
object is only to bring to notice that portion which acts
injuriously against the poor, whilst it favours the rich.
The establishing Local Courts, with Provincial Com-
missioners for taking bail, would at once remedy the above
evil.
Being a very great admirer, and a constant reader of
your paper, I :rust you will not refuse, at the earliest op_
po •
rturkv to insert the above few brief remarks, as I con..
eider there requires some amendment to the above clause.
Feb. 12, 1839. GULIELMUS.
P. S. From the official situation I hold, Ihav
ehoadnmpannnyr
opportunities of observing the hardships inflicted
debtors under the above clause.

The Delegates assembled as usual at Brown's Hotel. J. B. Smith,
in the Chair.
The Members of Parliament present were—Mr. Clay, Mr.
Chalmers, Colonel Solwey, Mr. Thorneley, Mr. Baines, Mr. Schole.
field, Mr. Horsman, Mr. Mark Phillips, Mr. G. W. Wood, and
Mr. Hume.
Lard Nugent, Mr. G. A. Young, Mr. Howard Elphinstone, and
Mr. Joseph Sturge were also present.
Dr. Bowauecs said the Evidence Committee had now prepared the
questions (33 in number) that bore on the agricultural part of the
subject. A great number of copies would be in the
_hands of the
Secretary in the course of the evening; and the Committee would
feel obliged to any gentleman who would send in the names of agri-
culturists to whom a copy might be sent. The questions were as
follows :
Sir,—lt bas been resolved by the Anti-Corn-law Delegates now
in London to apply to such agriculturists as justly appreciate the
fallacious character of the protpction offered by the Corn.laws, for
their assistance in attempting to dissipate the apprehension with
which many of the landed interest contemplate the possible repeal
of those enactments.
In furtherance of this resolution. I have been requested to sub-
mit the following queries to you. A speedy answer, accompanied
with statements of such illustrative and corroborative facts as may
be known to you, will essentially serve to elicit the truth on this
important question.
I. In your opinion, are restrictive duties upon the importation of
foreign agricultural produce necessary to the protection, and in-
strumental to the prosperity, of the British Agriculturists, and how ?
2. Have the existing laws restricting the importation of
foreign agricultural produce benefited the British agriculturist ?
If so, in what respects ?
3. At what expense can wheat, barley, and other agricultural
produce be raised is your district, and brought to market exclu-
sively of rent ?
4. What pribes do you require for these articles, in order to
furnish you with what you consider a fair rate of profit on your
capital, after disbursing rent, labourers' wages, and other necessary
expenses ?
5. If it he proved that wheat of a quality equal to English cannot
be procured in foreign ports at less than an average of thirty five
shillings per quarter, the additional charges up to th e time of delivering
at the port of discharge in this country being ten shillings per quar.
ter—do you think, with your own knowledge of the expense at
which you can bring your produce to market, that there is any rea-
son to apprehend such competition from foreign agriculturists as
would prevent your obtaining an adequate remunerative price and
fair rate of profits ?

6. Would not a fair and natural level of prices be more bene-
ficial to the farmers than prices subject to frequent and great
fluctuations, and better adjust rent, wages of labour, and other
outgoings of the farmer?

7. Has the operation of the restrictive system of Corn-laws
been to keep prices steady ?

8. On a balance of years and prices, do not profits almost
invariably fall as prices rise, and rise as prices fall ? State facts.
9. What extended tillage, in consequence of the operation of the
Corn laws, has within your personal knowledge, caused loss to the
landlord or farmer ?

10. What tracts of inferior land have passed out of tillage during
the low prices, under the existing Corn-laws ?
11. Can you give any examples of the extra sum received for
corn in consequence of the high prices of the present season ;
and, per contra, the extra sums paid for seed-corn, keep of horses

and cattle, extra wages, poor_retes, tithes, or other outlay ?
12. Have you bad an opportunity of observing the effect pro-
duced upon Scotch husbandry by the Scotch farmers being• forced
to sell their grain at the same price with English farmers, who enjoy
a more genial soil and climate?
13. Has not the effect of this competition been, that in Scotland
husbandry, as a skilled profession, is more advanced than in Eng-
land 7—State facts.
14. Is there not reason to expect that the same beneficial effect
would be produced upon English husbandry, if the English were
brcught into competition with the foreign cultivator.
15. What has been the effect of applying the system of free
trade to the wool production of this country ? Has the admission.
of foreign wool diminished English growth ? Any facts showing
the extension of this branch of agricultural industry.
16. Have you remarked the advantages derived by the farmer

from the proximity of his land to great commercial and manufac-
turing towns; first, from the greater facilities of obtaining manure
and other artificial aids to production; secondly, from the wider
and more opulent markets opened to him ? If so, specify examples.
17, Can you communicate any facts showing the tendency of im-
proved communication, viz., by steam navigation, canals, railroads,
&c., to benefit the agricultural interest ?
18. What proportion of the agricultural produce of your district
is shipped coastwise for market? stating quantities of each descrip-
tion of grain, and markets to which sent.
19. Will you. state any facts showing how the depression of trade
and manufactures operates to the prejudice of the agricultural
community ?
20. Are there not many ways in which the import of Foreign
corn would give an increased demand for the employment of agri-
cultural labour, directed to the extension of other products of the
soil ? State particulars.

21. Have the existing corn.laws, while they kept up the price
of bread, kept up proportionally the wages of agricultural labour ?
Give examples.
22. To what extent would the free importation of articles of
food benefit the agriculturist by diminishing the cost of all other
articles

'23. To what extent would it benefit the agricultural labourer ?

24. Is not the condition of the agriculturai labourer in manu-
facturing districts superior to his condition in districts wholly agri-
cultural ? State facts.

25. Would not a free trade in corn, equalising the prices of
corn in the British and continental markets, necessarily give to the
British consumer the benefit of importation when there was a de-
ficient crop, and to the producer the benefit of exportation when
Igrt•was a redundant crop ?
In your district are any of the agrieultural labourers or their
finihTtes engaged also in manufacturing processes, weaving, or the
like" Give particulars.
27. Does such employment enable them to pay larger rents, or to
pay their rents more readily ? State cacts.
23. Have you notice:l any falling off in the employment of these
indivitturls in manufactures of late years ?
20. Has this been attended with loss to their landlords as well as
to themselves ?

30. Have any, and what improvements in agricultural machinery
the result of the improvement of our manufactuaing machinery)

bdcn introduced in your vicinity ?

31. What is the average produce of wheat per statute acre in

•our district ; and has there been any increase or decrease of late,

and to what extent ?

32. Has there been any emigration of the agricultural popula.

tion of your locality, either to foreign countries or to manufactu.
ring districts, and of what class of agriculturists? State particulars.
33. Is it not a fact that large tracts of land are in a state of
deplorably backward cultivation in consequence of the direct or
indirect action of the Corn laws ? State examples.
EWART said lie had a very cheering circumstance to men-

tion from he Correspondence Committee, which was, .that among
the agricultural community there seemed to be an inclination to re-
ceive the light of truth; and the Committee had been written to
by several persons, fur counter.statements to those made in support
of the Corn.lawa. It might be shown that, even in the agricultu-
ral districts, the upholders of the Corn.laws were not willing to

encounter the strong popular feeling agai.:st them, and therefore

'bey declined public meetings.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") It was

desirable that a clear manifesto of the soundness and justice
of their principles should be circulated among the agricultural
population; and with that view he would, to-morrow, or the next
day bring forward such a document for the consideration of the
Delegate; in the hope that those who were opposed to the repeal, or
were wavering, might be induced to listen to the voice of reason,
and to become converts to the repeal.—(Hear, hear.)
The CHAIRMAN informed the delegates that he had received a
letter from. Guilford, stating that the petition of the landlords in
favour of the continuance of the present law, were all got up pri-
vately, and that they dared not face public meetings. He had
also received a letter from Dublin, the writer of which attributed
the emigration of Protestants from Ireland to the existence of the
Corn..laws, -and stated that he had a deep interest in favour of the
Protestant tenantry, and entered into a long argument to prove
that the repeal of the Corn-laws was necessary for the preservation
of Protestants. He had also received letters from Coventry and
Nottingham. The letter from Nottingham inclosed a petition
agreed to by the Mayor, Aldermen, Burgesses, and inhabitants of
that town, which concluded with a prayer for the total and imme-
diate repeal of the Corn-laws, and that the petitioners might be
permitted to prove the truth of their allegations and the justice of
their prayer, not in the seclusion of a Committee-room, but in the
presence of the whole Representatives of the United Kingdom.
Mr. BAINES, M.P., said he had this morning received a very in-
teresting letter from a friend in the East Riding of Yorkshire, and
which, with the permission of the Delegates he would read, it was
as follows :