The Sun.
London, England, 1863-09-30 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 30, 1863.

to induce them to grasp the rifle at their country's
call, but if he persuaded, his efforts were unsuccess-
ful, and the paternal purse was lightened to the ex-
tent of 600 dole., as the sole means of reconciling
the Government to the unpatriotic delinquency of
these scions of a warlike house. Mr. George Op-
dyke's son was equally loth to incur the hardships
of the battlefield, and without waiting to try the
issues of escape, or the plea of physical inability,
paid the State money enough to purchase either a
Prussian or an Irishman. Mr. Wendell Phillips
was in a similar predicament with regard to his
son, whom the hard fortune of the conscription had
refused to spare. In the case of so thorough-
going an advocate of the war, whose noble elo-
quence had so many a time and oft inspirited the
bold, encouraged the timid, fired the lukewarm, and
aroused the slumberer, it cannot be believed that
the golden oratory was silent at the domestic
hearth, and that he did not urge his son to respond
with enthusiasm to the call of duty in a cause that
he of all men must consider to be glorious. But the
remonstrance, if made, was in vain. Young Mr.
Phillips preferred to serve his country at home and
in civil life, and paid his money as readily as if he
had not been the son of the man who has done more
than any one living to harden against each other
the hearts of the Northern and the Southern people.
Upon this subject the opinion of so well known and
greatly respected an American as Mr. Thurlow
Weed are entitled to a bearing. He has nothing as
yet to say of Mr. Everett or Mr. Wendell Phillips,
but is particularly severe on Messrs. Tilton and
Opdyke.
"It is to be regretted," he says in an article in
the Albany Evening Journal, signed with his initials,
" that leading boisterous Abolitionists, who are so
free of their abuse of all who differ with them, fail
to justify their precepts by their examples. The
editor of the Independent, whose zeal for the draught
led him to rail at all who questioned its wisdom,
when draughted himself, ingloriously shirks from
taking his share of duty and danger ! Shame on such
a sneak ! Subject by law to military duty, and con-
stantly pressing others into the field, Mr. Tilton
must be craven in spirit, without patriotism, pride,
or manhood, to skulk a draught himself, while he is
merciless in regard to the mechanic and labourer
who is compelled to leave his wife and children.
" Still more mortifying, if possible, is the course
of Mayor Opdyke, whose draughted son, instead of
gallantly stepping forward, as an example to poor
men, skulks ! The Mayor is filled with patriot-
ism at Conventions; he is gorged with Government
contracts; he leans heavily upon the Government to
make good his profits ; but his son, when draughted,
is not strong enough to be a soldier; he is, however,
strong enough to hold offices ; but these offices do not
expose him to anything but salary and fees. Being
a soldier is quite a different thing, Out upon such
false pretences, such cheap loyalty, such bogus pat-
riotism !"

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

NEWMARKET FIRST OCTOBER MEETING.

The weather of last week and the heavy rain of Monday
morning promised anything but an agreeable four days for
the first of the autumn gatherings; but a glorious sunset
on Monday evening and a no less glorious uprising on
Tuesday morning dispelled " the winter of onr discontent,"
and prepared the way for an enjoyable week. Speculation
at the Rooms on Monday night was of a very limited cha
ratter, the Iwo groat Handicaps being scarcely mentioned ;
indeed, but few subscribers were present.
The Hopeful was rendered interesting by the debut of
Yamuna, a dark filly of Lord Stamford, who was forthwith
elected to the premiership, Fille de l'Air, owing to her
weight, taking second place, though many were of opinion
that, as the distance (half a mile) was all in her favour,
the extra weight was of secondary importance The fa.
vourite, who never got to her horses till balf..wayi up the
cords, won, however, after a good race by a head—the
French filly finishing three parts of a length from the se-
cond. It seemed no easy task to pick out the winner
from the field of 24 that came to the post for the
Great Easkrn Handicap. The top weight, Welland,
and Mr. Naylor's Fiancee mere made pretty nearly
equal favourites, the former just before the race ad.
vancing to 4 to 1; but Sir Joseph Hawley's St. Alexis up-
set all the calculations of the learned, and landed " the
fielders" joyful winners, after a good race by three parts of
a length. Hengist also gave them a turn in the Bucken-
ham, defeating Mr. Merry's Phemy filly by a neck. The
Croome Stakes brought out Lord Stamford's Derby favou-
rite, with wham Durham essayed to try conclusions, but
the race was never in doubt, and " Catubuscan bold," who
looked and went splendidly, came in an easy winner by two
lengths. The Grand Lake Michael proved the certainty for
Fantail that the betting foreshadowed, and Fordham by
hard riding won Mr. Ten Broeck his match with the Mar-
quis of Hastings. The 14th Triennial, considered a good
trial for the Ca3sarewitch, brilliantly wound up the day's
sport, after an exciting struggle between Harlequin and
Hurricane, in which the latter, tiring in the last few strides,
was beaten by a neck. There were three lengths between
the second and third.

The Trial Plate of 50 sovs, for 2-yr-olds and upwards;
weight for age. The winner to be sold for 500 sovs ; if
for 100 sovs, allowed 71b; if not for sale, to carry 101 b

extra. A.F.
Mr. Holland's Press Forward filly, 2 yrs (1100) Est
(G. Clarke) 1
➢lr. T. Taylor's Gentle Kitty colt, 3 yrs (1500), Bst 91b
(Norman) 2
Mr. G. Angell's Naxos, 2 yrs (£500), Cat 71b

(A.... Woodlouse) 3
Mr. T. Hughes's Real Jam, 4 yrs (101 b extra), lOst 51b
(1). Hughes) 4
Mr. R. Ten Broeck's Blanchette, 3 yrs (£100), Bst 21b
(G. Fordham) 5
Mr, Naylor's Iphigenia, 2 yrs (£500), Cat 411(car.6st 71b)
(I'. French) 6
T. French weighed for Iphigenia, and carried 3lbs over
without declaring.
Betting-5 to 2 agst Naxos, 7to 2 agst Gentle Kitty colt,
4 to 1 agst Blanchette, and 5 to 1 agst Iphigenia.
Naxos was the first away, and came on with a clear lead,
having the Press Forward filly next, with the Gentle Kitty
colt on their right, and Real Jam and Blanchette wide on
their left. They ran thus to the bushes, where the two lat-
ter dropped back, which left the issue with Mr. Holland's
filly and the Gentle Kitty colt and Naxos, who finished a
close race home, the former winning cleverly by three-quar-
ters of a length; a head netween the second and third; a
bad fourth.

Handicap Sweepstakes of 20 soya each, and only 5 ft, if de-
clared, &c., to go to the owner of the second horse, for
3-yr-olds and upwards. T.Y.C• 7 subs, 3of whom pay

5 sous ft.
Lord Stamford's Bertha, 4 yrs, Bst 71b.... (A. Edwards) 1
Mr. W. S. Crawfurd's Leotard, 3 yrs, 6st 131 b
(J. Grimshaw) 2
Mr. Savile's Prince Lee 800, 3 yrs, Est 91b (car Est 101 b)
(T. French) 3
Betting-6 to 4on Bertha, sto 2 agst Prince Lee 800,
and 5 to 1 agst Leotard.
The three ran abreast for a few strides, then Leotard,
lying in the centre, came on with a slight lead, which he
retained to the cords, when Prince Lee 800 showed in ad-
vance, bat dropping back in a few strides after, the race
was lett with the two. Leotard retained his advantage to
within 20 or 30 strides of the chair, when Edwards brought
the favourite to the front, and won very easily by three
parts of a length, Leotard defeating the Prince by half a
length for second.

The Hopeful Stakes of 40 sous each, h. ft, for 2-yr-olds ;
colts Bst 101 b, and fillies Bst 81b ; winners extra. The

owner of the second horse to receive 50 soya out of the

stakes. Last half of Ab. M. 28 subs.
Lord Stamford's Yamana, Bst 81b (A. Edwards) 1
Mr. Payne's Tomfoolery, Bst 81b (H. Grimshaw) 2
Count F. de Lagrange's File de I'Air, 9st 3113 (in 91b ex)
(A. Watkins) 3

The following also ran :—Abderrahman, Crytheia, Ba-
ragah, Lady Bylda, Audacieuse, Olivia, Breeze, and
Jupon.
Betting-9 to 4 apt Yamuna, 9to 2 agst Fille is l'Air,
7 to 1 agst Baragah, and 8:to 1 agst Jupon.
Breeze jumped away with the running, closely followed
by Tomfoolery, Crytheia, and Jupon on her right, the fa-
vourite, with Fille de l'Air and Audacious for the first
hundred yards, when the former dropped back, leaving the
lead with Tomfoolery, who carried it on to half way in the
cords, when the favourite came out, and won a fine race of
a head, three parts of a length separating the second and
third. Crytheia was fourth, close up, the last two being
Olivia and Abderrahman.

Sweepstakes of 10 soya each, for 2• yr-olds and upwards.
Weight for age. The winner to be sold for 50 sous,

T.Y.C. 3 subs.
Lord Westmoreland's Zeloo, 3 yrs, Bst 101 b.. (J. Goater) 1
Mr. W. E. Jones's Atlas, 3 yrs, Bst 101 b.... (E. Sharpe) 2
Mr. H. Juice's The Hare, 2 yrs, 6st 101b..(J. Grimshaw) 3

Betting-2 to lon Zeloo, who waited upon Atlas into the
cords, where she went in front, and won by a length and a
half ; a bad third.
The Great Eastern Railway Handicap, a Sweepstakes of 15
sous each, 5 ft, with 100 added, for 3-yr-olds and up-.

wards; winners extra; the owner of the second horse to

receive 25 Boys out of the stakes. T.Y.C. 91 subs.
Sir J. llawley's St. Alexis, 4 yrs, 7st 41b (Loates) 1
Mr. Wybow Robertson's Queen Elizabeth, 4 yrs, Est 91b
(C. Gray) 2
Mr. T. Hughes's Juliet, aged, 6st 71b (Prior) 3

The following also ran :—Welland, Croagh Patrick,
Black Prince, Qaeen of Trumps, Fravola, Humphrey,
Zora, Walloon, Cassidia, Lady Abbe,s, The Plover, Bohe-
mia, Peahen, Creole, Stockinger, Calliope colt, Airedale,
The Principal, Fiancee, Littlecote, and Stampede,

Poland was struck out at 11 a.m.
Betting-4 to 1 agst Welland, 6 to 1 agst Fiancee and
Croagh Patrick, 10 to 1 each, agst Queen of Trumps,

Humphrey, and Bohemia, 100 to 8 agst Juliet, 100 to 7
agst Cassidia, 20 to 1 each agst St. Alexis, Peahen, and I
Lady Abbess, and 25 to 1 agst any other.
With little or no delay the signal was lowered to an admir-
able start, the horses lying in a line widely extended across
the course. On settling into their places, queen Elizabeth,
overpulling little Gray, went to the front, and made the
running, but was shortly after pulled back, and the com-
mand was taken up by Peahen, followed by Littlecote,
Queen Elizabeth being third, with St. Alexis, Cassidia,
Queen of Trumps, Juliet, Walloon, and Welland lying up,
the two latter wide on the right. The next division com-
prised Fiancee, Bohemia, Stockinger, Principal, and Hum-
phrey, in the centre of the course, On reaching the first
half of the Abingdon mile ending post, Peahen was beaten,
and Littlecote was joined by Queen Elizabeth, Juliet, Bo-
hemia, and St. Alexis, who ran in company to the cords,
where Mr. Robertson's filly deprived Littlecote of his lead,
and with Juliet and St. Alexis in close company came on
in company to half way down, where Loates brought out
the Saint, and landed the popular cherry jacket first by
three parts of a length ; a length separated the second and
third, Bohemia was fourth, close up with whom was
Fiancee; Peahen finished sixth, and Stockinger next. The
others, who were widely spread, were pulling up as they
past the post; the last lot being Lady Abbess, Airedale,
Creole, and the Calliopecolt; the latter beaten off a long way.
The Buckenham Stakes of 300 80V8 each, h ft, for the pro-
duce of mares covered in 1860; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies,
Bst 41b. Eaeh subscriber to nave three mares, and to
bring the produce of one to the pest. T.Y.C. 3 subs.
Lord Portsmouth's Hengist (J. Goater) 1
Mr. J. Merry's Phemy filly..
Betting--6 to son the Phemy filly.
The pair ran together to the cords, where the non-favour-
ite got his head in front, and won after a slashing set-to
by a neck. The winner hung so much that Edwards stated
he was prevented from getting up.
The Croome Stakes of 100 sous each, 50 ft, for 2-yr-olds ;
colts, Bst 101 b, and fillies, Bst 71k. T.Y.C. 12 subs,
_

Lord Stamford's Cambuscan, Bst 101 b .... (A. Edwards) 1
Lord Uxbridge's Durham (J. Goater) 2
Betting-7 to 4on Cambuscan, who waited upon Dur-
ham into the cords, where he wentup and won in a canter
by two lengths.

The Grand Duke Michael Stakes of 50 soya each, for 3-yr-
old colts, Bst 101 b ; and fillies, Bst 61b ; winners extra ;
maiden horses allowed 51b; the second horse to save his

stake. A.F. 17 subs.
Mr. R. Boyce's Fantail, Bst 61b
Mr. Merry's Escape, Bst 101 b (G. Fordham) 2
Mr. Wigrain's Melrose, bat sth (Aldcroft) 3
Betting--5 to 4on Fantail, 6to 4 agst Escape, and 7to
1 agst Melrose.

The favourite, on the extreme right, made play at his
best, and had both his opponents beaten on reaching the
bushes, and won in a canter by three lengths; a bad third.
Match, R.M., 200, h ft.
Mr. R. Ten Broeck's Lord of Linne, 4 yrs, Sat 31b
(G. Fordham) 1
The Marquis of Hastings's Tippler, 3 yrs, Bst 71b
(S. Rogers) 2

Betting-7 to 4on Tippler.
The non-favourite held a slight lead into the bottom,
where Tippler got up, and for a few strides ran upon equal
terms, but shortly after Fordham called upon his horse,
who won in the last stride by a head.
Third year of the :Fourteenth Triennial Produce Stakes
of 10 says each ; 4-yr-old colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b.
The owner of the second horse to receive a sum equal to
10 per cent., and the third a sum Equal to 5 per cent. on
the whole stake. D.I. 37 subs.
Mr. Savile's llarlequin, Bst 71b (Fordham) 1
Mr. T. Valentine's Hurricane, Bst 41b
Mr. Savile's Buckenham, Bst 71b
Mr. Savilo declared to win with Harlequin.

Betting-7 to 4on Hurricane, and 3to 1 agst any
other.

Harlequin, with a lead of about a length, made play, fol-
lowed by the favourite and Buckenham to the Bide of the
old Duke's stand, where the three joined issue, and ran
nearly abreast to half way in the rails, where Harlequin
swerved through distress, which allowed Hurricane to get
her head in front, but Fordham, having steadied his horse,
came again, and won a fine race by a neck, three lengths
separating the second and third.

LATEST BETTING.
CESAREWITCII.
15 to 1 agst Anfield (taken)
20 to 1 agst Myrtle (taken)
22 to 1 agst Blackdown (taken)
22 to 1 agst Drummer Boy (taken)
25 to 1 agst Fantail (taken)
30 to 1 agst Ace of Hearts (taken)
100 to 3 agst Hurricane (taken)
100 to 3 agst Sandford (taken)
50 to 1 agst Harlequin (taken)
CAMBRIDGESEIRU.
40 to 1 agst Limosina (taken)
50 to 1 agst Gemma (taken)
50 to 1 agst Fantail (taken)
Very little betting.

The Wreck Register and Chart for 1862.

In accordance with our annual custom for many years
past, we again present our readers with a synopsis of the
returns just made by the Board of Trade to Parliament of
the wrecks and casualties which have taken piaue vu the
coasts and in the seas of tha British isles during the past
year. It may here be observed that the materials from
which these valuable documents are compiled are derived
from reports furnished by the officers of coast guard and
receivers of wreck resident on the shores of the United King-
dom.* When we remember that the number of vessels which
entered inwards and cleared outwards from different British
ports in the course of the past year was 268,402, and that
these ships had on board probably 1,610,000 men, it becomes.
almost a matter of certainty that a large number of casual-
ties should take place amongst them every year, The coasts
of the British isles extend upwards of 5,000 .miles, and on
looking at the wreck chart which accompanies the register
it is observed that there are few parts of that continuous
shore which are not studded with the usual Wreck marks •
and thus it is that on nearly every page of the register thi;
startling fact constantly presents itself, that during the year
no less than 1,828 wrecks and casualties took place on our
coasts, with the loss of 690 lives.

tynneaarteislyvceornsiderably under
rf
Ina
vsouu sr
a thatble
the registeryinufon
butth the Comparedtwhre e
numberc k experiencelives
ev osi
out hes
toy eps aaf res srt
the average, owing chiefly to the valuable and
prompt set,
vices of lifeboats and other means employed on occasions of
wrecks on our coasts. The wrecks and casualties in the year
show a large increase on the average of those daring the
preceding 11 years. The number of wrecks in the last 11
years was 13,657, while the total voyages made to and from
British ports in thatperiod was 2,745,910, so that 1 ship was
wrecked out of every 201. During the past year, as previously
stated, the number of voyages of vessels to and from ports
in the United Kingdom was 268,462, and out of this largo
one in: every 147.
abovewrecks 8,775 persons
number
wlne
rtehleops
0t8r2171 years,
nearlyB of casualtiesroe
meoactechhue
year.occurred, ed, or
Last year, it appears
from the returns, that the lives of 4,729 persons were im -
perilled on the coasts of the British isles, of which number
690, or 14.59 per cent., wine lost. The wrecks and disasters
for the year 1862, may be thus classed :—Totally wrecked,
455 vessels—seriously damaged, 695—totally lost in colli-
yy
vessels. collision, 272—injured by
This number of disas-
ters
is thus given :—January, 221
is of five per day. The number
es iool colli-
sion, ,sf
io6er6n—,
last
3d
3a9my.
e—aagtroe
lea, et
hos seriously a t 0
vessels--Foenbtrhuaorfy,thlel7—March, 163—April, 87—May,77—
June, 75—July, 94—August,Deeembe 6
6r, S3e2p7t—emmbetarl,,7siBo27ctober,
346—November, 1v
ves-
sels. It will thus be seen that the months of January/
February,November, and December have
been
to ships. The startling facts
t
which the wreck register discloses each successive year
have succeeded in drawing general public attention to this
important subject, and frequently it is referred to in Par-
t Aloasrtch, destructive October,
Bement. On a recent occasion, when Lord Ravensworth
alluded in the House of Lords to the necessity of con-
structing harbours of refuge on the north-east coast, he
caused to be suspended in their loidships' library a large
wreck chart lent by the National Lifeboat Institution_ Tha
fearful scenes represented ell that chart naturally excited
their lordships' attention. Indeed the dreadful havoc which
storms commit every year in the seas and on the shores of
the British isles can only be fully realised by the aid of such
a chart. It is however, satisfactory to find that the publica-
tion of the annual register of the Board of Trade and other
means of publicity have materially contributed to the esta-
blishment on our coasts of a system of lifeboats and life-
preserving apparatus, which reflects the greatest credit on
the philanthropy of the age in which we live, and on the
energy with which these means have been placed on our
shores by the joint action of the National Lifeboat Institu-
tion and the Board of Trade. Amongst the desolating scenes
which the Wreck Register and Chart reveal, it is consola-
tory to know that by means of lifeboats, life-preserving ap-
paratus, ships' own boats, and other means, 20,158 lives
have been saved from a watery grave daring the last seven
years, as the annexed list shows :-1856, 2,243 lives saved ;
1857, 1,668-1858,1,555-1859, 2,332-1860, 3,697-1861,
4,624-1862,4,039—total, 20,158 lives saved.
The following is a summary of the means used in saving
the 4,039 lives from wrecks on the coasts of the United
Kingdom during the past year :—By lifeboats, 327 f
—by, rocket and mortar apparatus, 310—by, ships own
boats, shore boats, steamers, &c., 3,389—by individual
exertion, 13—total, 4,039. As usual, ships, ships' boats,
smacks have saved more lives in that period than the
lifeboats and the rocket and mortar apparatus. This appa-
rent discrepancy is susceptible of easy explanation. 'When
a disaster takes place in British waters, it frequently hap-
pens that either a ship or smack is fortunately at hand to
render assistance to tho crews of the distressed vessels,such

* It is only due to the memory of the late Admiral Wash-
ington, F.R.S., Hydrographer to the Admiralty, to state
that he originated about ten years ago the compilation and
publication of an annual wreck register of the British isles,
accompanied -by a wreck chart. His services to the lifeboat
cause, in conjunction with the Duke of Northumberland,
president of the National Lifeboat Institution, were also of
the greatest advantage to the cause of humanity. His
labours in that respect will long be remembered in the
homes of our sailors and fishermen.

with their vessels were safely brought untot This number doesnotinCiaehipvirecked crews, who
port by lifeboats.

help is seldom attended with any very great danger (although
sometimes it is so),and the men are often brought ashore
before any tidings at all have reached a lifeboat station.
B at the great value of the services rendered by lifeboats can
only be appreciated by considering that they are mostly per-
formed on occasions when no other craft could be launched
from the shore with safety. Schooners and brigs, as usual,

were the most numerous description of vessels that were

lost during the past year on our shores. These are usually
employed in our coasting and coal trade, and the destruc-
tion of hundreds of them even in moderate gales is now re-
duced to a matter of certainty, In December last 7 vessels
foundered off the east coast of England, with the loss of all

~ .
hands, while engaged in coasting voyages. One of them
was a collier sloop, 71 years of age ; another collier brig also
foundered in October last, and 7 out of 9 of her crew were

drowned, She was 99 years old.
The following is an analysis of the tonnage of the ships
lost last year : —Vessels under 50 tons, 311—ditto 51 and
under 100, 441—ditto 101 and under 300, 781—ditto 301 and
under GOO, 186—ditto 601 and under 900, 44—ditto 901 and
under 1,200, 20—ditto 1,201 and upwards, 11. Total, 1,827
vessels. The cargoes of these vessels are thus made up:—
Coals, 593—ballast, not colliers, 165—colliers in ballast, 128
—metallic ores, 113—grain, oatmeal, flour, and provisions,
109—stone, slate, &c., 100—general cargo, 93—timber or
bark, 89—fishing smacks, 84; various, or unknown, 353.
Total, 1,827 cargoes. The most destructive gales of wind
are those that blow from S.W., S.S.W, W.S.W., and N.W.
We find that the ages of some of the vessels that were
hurried out of existence were as follows :—Under 3 years,

122-3 and not exceeding 7 years, 271-8 and not exceeding
10 years, 131-11 and not exceeding 14 years, 155-15 and
not exceeding 20 years, 216-21 and not exceeding 30 years,
266-31 and not exceeding 40 years, 125-41 and not ex-

ceeding 50 years, 59-51 and not exceeding GO years, 25-
61 and not exceeding 90 years, 14-91 and not exceeding
100 years, I—unknown, 442—total, 1,827. We also re-
mark that in perfectly calm weather 23 vessels were
wrecked—in light airs, 28—in light breezes, 56—in gentle
breezes 43—in moderate breezes 110—in fresh breezes 187—
in strong breezes, 195—in moderate gales, 75—in fresh gales,
170—in strong gales, 199—in whole gales, 218—in storms,
63—in hurricanes, 69--and in unknown and variable
weather, 53. We moreover observe that 321 vessels were
wrecked that were under the command of masters holding
certificates of competency, while 720 were wrecked that
were commanded by others who were not required by law to
hold such certificates, and 266 that were commanded by
foreigners not having British certificates. We observe that
of the total wrecks during the past year on our shores, irre-
spective of collisions, 60 vessels foundered, 41 were driven
or run on a lee shore, 66 parted their cables or dragged their
anchors and went on shore, 40 were wrecked from damage
to hull, or the loss of masts, yarts, or sails, 3 were actually
capsized, 72 were wrecked from inattention, carelessness,
or neglect, 25 from defects in ships or equipments, 7 from a
combination of causes, while 18 arose from accident.
Of the total wrecks that took place from collisions 18 were
from bad look out, 22 because the rule of road at sea was not
observed, 1 from want of sea room, 4 in thick and foggy
weather, and 4 from neglecting to show lights ; but it is
worth observing that only 1 collision with total loss occurred
from the error of the pilot who was on board. 4 occurred
from negligence and want of caution. It is also a lamentable
fact that 141 collisions took place in fine and clear weather,
the whole number during the year being 338, 102 in the
day time and 236 in the night. Last year 11 collisions
occurred between steamers, and 190 between sailing vessels,
while both were under way ; 32 collisions also took place
between sailing 'vessels, one being at anchor and the other
under way at the time, but no collisions occurred between
steamers under these circumstances. 46 collisions likewise

took place between steamers and sailing vessels, both being
under way ; and six only when sailing vessele at anchor were
run into by steamers. 53 collisions alsa occurred by vessels
breaking from their anchors or moorings. We earnestly
trust that the admirable regulations which the Board of
Trade have just 1 üblished to prevent collisions at sea will
materially tend to lessen the number of these fearful disas-
ters. The sandbanks which have proved most disastrous to
vessels during 1862 are the Long Sand, 17 vessels wrecked,
Newsome Sand 11, Kentish Knock Sand 10, Gunfleet Sand
10, Scroby Sand 8, Hasboro' Sand 8, Goodwin Sand 6, Bar-
row Sand 6, Blakeney Sand 6, Corton Sand 6, Shipwell
Sand 5, Sizewell Bank 5. The most disastrous wrecks,
with the greatest loss of life, occur between that part of the
coast extending from Skerzies and Lambay to Fair Head
and Mull of Kintyre. During the past 13 years 1,641 lives
were lost in that district. The next is from the North Fore-
land to St. Katherine's Point, which during the same period
claims 1,136 lives.
The estimated loss of property involved in the destruction
of a portion only of the vessels wrecked in the last six years
amounted to four-and-a-half millions of pcunds sterling,
although the total amount, being unreported, cannot be
ascertained; but who can appreciate the value of the pre•
cious lives lost in these terrible disasters, except those at
our seaport and fishing villages, who are now widows, and
orphans or friendless, who have bewailed with unutterable
anguish the loss of a husband, father, or near relation?
Oa the other hand, it is most gratifying to find that in these
six years 4,169 lives were rescued from the jaws of death by
lifeboats and the life-saving apparatus alone. It may be
proper to observe that these means of saving life are rarely
used except under host perilous circumstances.
One can ha, ceive a more pitiable sight than a
noble ship sacra! a sandbank during a gale of wind,
. .

with her crew in igging, or firing minute•guns as I
signals of distress, shat they may obtain help from the
shore. On observing chose signals the crew of the lifeboat
immediately put off. Indeed we know of no spectacle more
sublime, or more calculated to send the blood thrilling
through the veins with admiration and awe, than the cool,
determined courage and the lively charity that sends these
poor and often half-starved fi.her-fellows out in the dark
night, in the midst of bitter frost and snow, into a tumul-
tuous sea and But f, hungry for their bodies, in the very
teeth of a furious wind, with death threatening them on all
sides, and nothing but their coolness and skill to rely upon
to preserve their own lives, to say nothing of the lives of
others—leaving wives and families of little ones at home
who may never see them in life again. What stout hearts
those must be as, yard by yard, they struggle away from
the dim shore, lost in an obscurity of scud and surf, and
snow, thinking of nothing but their duty—the errand of
mercy and charity before them—through the raging tem-
pest—winning their way through seas that to the landsmen
are fearful to gaze on, even from the safe standing on the
beach, momentarily threaten to overwhelm them I Out
further and further yet into the dark void a speck on the
waters, Another flash of the minute-gun points out
where the vessel is lying aground upon a shoal, the sea
making a clean breach over her, and the scud and spray
flying shesr over her mastheads, which threaten to go
every moment. Stand to it, stout hearts I a few
more minutes of the heavy toil and the boat will
be well into leeward of the wreck, when the most dan-
gerous part of the whole operations will commence —for
there is danger of her being stove in momentarily, either by
contact with the wreck itself or with the floating spars
which may be hanging loosely round her. The relief of a
wreck is no mere child's play—it often occupies hours of
hard, dangerous, and unremitting toil. It is no mere sudden
flash of generosity that is required—no enthusiasm burnt
out as soon as kindled; but that steady, undaunted pluck
which distinguishes frequently the highest as well as the
lowest class of Englishmen in times of danger. flow im-
portant then is the work of the National Lifeboat Institution
in providing these messengers of mercy on our coasts, and
in encouraging noble deeds of daring in the rescue of our
fellow• creatures from an awful death I
It may be interesting here to recapitulate briefly the ope-
rations of the National Lifeboat Institution, which has now
125 lifeboats under its management. During the past year,
in addition to saving 21 vessels from destruction, 358 lives
were rescued by the lifeboats of the society. For these seta.
vices rewards amounting to £915 18s id were voted. The
number of lives saved by the lifeboats of the society, or by
special exertions, for which it has granted rewards since its
formation, is 13,220. For these services 82 gold medals,
733 silver medals, and £17,200 in cash have been granted as
rewards. The institution has also expended £75,380 on
lifeboats, lifeboat transporting carriages and boat houses.
Surely a society which has thus been productive' of the
greatest sor•tees in the cause of humartity will not have to
appeal in vain to the public for help to enable it to continue
its merciful work on our dangerous seaboard !

The Stock Exchange Journal of St. Petersburg of
18th insc. publishes a report from the Minister of War,
showing that the Russian regular army consists of 31,856
officers and 858,957 privates, and the irregular army of 4,818
officers and 302,961 privates, making altogether 36,674
officers and 1,161,958 privates.
-—• • -

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