The Sun.
London, England, 1830-11-24 00:00:00

viet where the penal consequences of the offence,
excite 4 conscientious horror on their minds lest
the rigorous performance of their duties as Yurora
aboidd make them accessary to judicial. murder.--,
Hence, in Courts of Ifusfite, a most unnecessary
and painful .struggie is occasioned by the conflict cf
the feelings of 'a just humanity with the sense of
the obligation of an oath." It Anther states, " thai
witnesses also are very frequently reluctant to give
evidence, lest they, might bring upon their :cons
sciences the stain of blood; and thus criminal% who,
under a more rational and conaidertitc ease of laws,
would meet the punishment 'ere° to their crimes,
escape with corn/steto impunity I For these and
other reason the petitioners pray that th-3 House
May tale the Criminal Laws into consideration for
the purpose of the revieito and amenthoent of the
same, by drawitrg o distinction_ between the simply
invasion of the rights of property and crimes of via.
letece and blood, and by abolishing the penalty of
death in all cases io which ih Legislative power
cannotjustify, in the oyea of God and man, that lint
arid dreadfal alternative—Me extenninatina .6f the
el/eat/eel Such are the sentiments of the Jurors of
inithm.9n'thie Prtrent state et the Criminal Law;
and the names of Upwards of eleven hundred of
those individnak to whose hands is intrusted the
" op yative process" of that law, are affixed to the
petition containing such sentiments. To their
powerful appeal, the Appeal of practical and .well.
informed men. is added the no less powerful testis
mony of Mr. Denman, whose judicial experience in
the most important Critniitel Court in the king!
(loot entitles his opinion to the greatest deference,
He said that this was one,of the most important
petitions ever presented to the House ; and added
that Jurors ought to be relieved from the painful
situation in which they were placed, being now
either obliged to
.agree to a verdict which was to
deprive a fellow-creature of life, contrary to the
dictates of reason and humanity, or, by taking a con
trary course, to oWar violence to their own cons
views. Shall the jurors- olLondon, and one
the Judges of its great Criminal Court, rippeid
against the saoguinary severity of the laws, in the
nineteenth Century) to the Legislature of a moral
and enlightened people in vain ?s-sAtoening HeraN.
PENALTY OF' PEATIL

COPE' Off A PETITION PREFIRUtkPa BY XII. BROUGHAM ON

fltlbla, NOV. 19.

TO TLU Mal` HONOURABLE THE COMMONS Qi°
THE UNITED KINOOOM OF GREAT RIIITAIN
AND IRELAND IN PARLIAMENT ASSEMBLED,
vilE: PETITION Ofi THE lINDERSN IGEH
TANI, HOUSE °welts OF THE CITY OF LON;
DON MABEE '0 SERVE AS 'JURORS,

, . .
Muddy sbuwekil.—...Tliat your petitioners view, with
deep regret, tho excessive and indiscriminate severity of
the Criminal Laws, which annex to oltcoces of different
degrees of moral guilt the punishmeist of death, sod con.
found the simple invasion of the rights of property with
the most malignant end atrocious crimes against the.person
and tb&life; of roam
That the recent Acts passed with the professed intention
to amend and improve the Criminal Laws, have not
remedied the evil of which an enlightened community have
the greatest reason to complain, but have still left those
laws a disgrace to our civilization, by retaining the opprot
,brious distinction of being the most sanguinary of any in

Europe.
That Christianity, emblem reason, and sound policy
demand that the laws which affect the liberties and 014
Hem,- of wen should proportion the punishment to the
often* and not twit cruelty to the' people by examples of
1
vindictive,legislation.
That; where public opinion (lees not go along with the
laws, the persons who suffer under them are regarded air
the victims of legislative tyranny or judicial caprice, and
not as criminals. whose doom has been pronounced by the
;voice of dispassionate justice.
ilat the criminals executed in this country are selected
out of a far greater number sentenced to death, and where
the practice trentletons the tam, the law ought to be altered
that criminals nr;ght sulfa the punishment of their gait
by the-authority of defined Statutes, and not by the une
certain and capricious rule of judicial discretion. i
That, in the present state of the law, Juries feel exe
trernety reluctant to convict where the penal Cdfile(11101/141
of the offence intuit* a 'cow:6lll6(ms honor on their mind
lest the rigoroua perfortnance of their duty as Juro
,should Make them accessory: to judicial Murder. Wine
in Court* of Justice, 44 mast unnecessary and Sian
struggle in occasioned by the conflict of the feelings -of a
lust humanity with the sense of an 'obligation of an oath.l
That witnesseS also are very frequently reluctant toil*
evidence, as well as Jurors tu.onvict, ltd they might bring
upon their consciences the stain of blood, and thus crione
obi, who, under a inere rational and considerate code Of
laws, would meet the punishment due to their crimes,
escape with complete impunity. That, for these reasons,
your petitioners humbly pray your Honourable House to
-take the Criminal Laws into your consideration, for the
purpose of the revision-amd- ontorderent of the mite, 14,
drawing' a 'distinction hetWeen the simple invasion of t
rights of property and crimes of violence and blued, anti
by abolishing the. penalty of death in all eases in,whicir
the Lejihrletive pewer cannot. jinstify in the eyes of GO
and man that last and dreadful alternative—the external.
militia of theidiender I
, And your petitioners will ever ;way, tko.
Signed-by the six Foremen respectively . of six ono.
centre Aondon Grand Juries of Ifit7t, and by upwards
rif eleven hundred merchants, trader,, ¢c., who either
have served, or are eligible to serve UP Jurors,
The country has at length obtained an Admin4.
Itstiott. ' PledgedePentaneously, but, most t+
lemcly...to three great principles of policy, do.-
mestic,and foreign. Lord Grey has announced, es
the grounds on-which he means to rest the elairritt
of his, Government to the ristionaltipprolattiOn and
support-1. A correction of those abuses whie.,
have been introduced by time into the tepresente.,
thin of the people-in -Parliament;, 2. An uespari4it
retrenchment, of., ell, Ind the
,most, titiavpidabhr ex--
Tenses in the. public establishments; 3. A 4 corn-
*etc, system -of :Oun-interference.no all those qua-
tiont which are now disturbing . and diitrauting the
Continent of , Europe, as far as- the national honour
would permit:" We conceive that, directly or in-
directly, every duty of a Minister, and every right
and interest -of the nation, may be comprehended
`end provided far under the above .three heads. It
, is true that the promises made by Lord (hey are
expressed in general terms.; but we must olso oh-
serve, duo the principles are laid down -clearly.. -
Had the Noble-Lord given pledges so detailed and
precise -as to leave no room f,,r future controversy
with regard to their entire fulfilment, he trinst -have
described (00W without having had time to-halta
single.Culunet Council) every separate end subor-
dinate feature of plans, necessarily multifarious, for
retrenchment and reform; end thus, -without art!.
verting 16, or ullowing for, a -possible - diversity
'either of enciensninetis or opinion, have prematurely
linund .- himself and lila colleagues to pfirtictilers,
from an adherence to
,which,. 00 ,Prjricipleit' theiri.
seiVei triight:hitVe 'chided iltem.- 'One paint; and of
eau secured
I. iii
high. moo,' en t, hits poiagit ..y,t, s declaration
:Cif din Minister,, howover seemingly, abstract., his
0f1.".0441m*f,-1:to lota given up the, plea Nino longer
tenable, that antiquity .is a, pwarnount title.. to,the
retention of prima facieineouvenieneet, anti tittle
itself 'being stigmatized us a ' wrong 'doer, i is
not inifiered to protect from public visitation the
illk which, have ,originated in it. - On ,the:puhitiet
of RefOrro, there is no,,douht whatever-,,-1010,40w.
nuttuestimittlilyi, _thou when -Blackstone:, Wt 00.4.--
' that: the House. of Commons is not ' enousit' a
repreientative ' . of.; the people's - voice—that, It ; is
notni'derneeratic as it ought to he. The extension
-of -the eleetrei frirtiehlse, therefore, to'lptiputolin
towns, which are now but virtually,--that ii, not;itt
Ya11...-rePresetiteti,_,,seems -in obvious; and it tinedi to
la
mode. of Contributing,,towurde the ,remedy of t
i
,guimitted,evil.- . But there ore other anomalies;int ur
kelective system-which call,fer an equally prorriptund
decisive' redress.. Why should the immense mass-of
topyhelti rind leasehold property '-thmtighOld tine
kingdom bc.excluded from all share in the eliction
-.ofitdembers of. Parliament; though in the Intilat,of
mai _as well 'educated,: intelligent, and independent,
' as any who tank among the freeholders, ? ...When a
-pat,tvallopping rabble area in -an- many-pieties- !It-
mit ted -to with° their unrestrained choice tif ' Iva.
littort,, why, we repeat, tiro more *than two-thirds oi
the indepeollent householders and leaseholders , of
Elightlid excluded from that important privilege ?
Agtoo let tot ask, is it to be of the coriteciated , end
ietangible dues of griesurpies,,,that,the county repro-
sedation should be confined to men who can Veal]

from 20,000?. to 100,0004 upon in election conc.
test ? Is that a Monopoly which ought to be
lowed to stand ? IS it warranted by any monopoly
of wisdom or virtue in the persons of the highet
county aristocracy P Again, are no negative rel.
rnedies called for, of a nature to produce, ultireatelyt
the same good result as those of a positive descripf
tion, at which we have already hinted ? The rotten
boroughs, with .dozen or two 'voters each, send
bail Members to Parliament ; as the unrepresented
numbers and property of the kingdom prevent good
men from having access to it. The negative cure,
therefore, in the case of the boroughs, is to take away
Corruption :as the positive cure, in -the former, case,
into infuse health and vigour into Parliament. It
will afford some test of the =Minces and integrity
which is to be tkpected from the new Ministent;,
if they strike at °nee a hearty and Lena fidf
blow at the much-abased privileges of them,
carcass boroughs. Whig Lords are dealers in
them as well as Tories, If the self-deniat„

then, be grievous, so will the honour be glop
rious, of so vast a sacrifice for the public good. A
word, by the way, with regard to those boroughs
which are usually regarded as of or belonging to the
Treasury. A number of those distinguished pas
triots who opposed Sir Henry Parnell on the 15th
instant, and swelled the minority of 204, have been
returned for that Very class of boroughs. If Lord
Grey's Government means to stand, undisturbed by
petty and factious warfare, it. will intimate to these
Treasury borough" gentlemen, that they had
better not turn their ill-acquired votes against the
public interest on questions of retrenchment and res
form, on pain of another dissolution of Parliament,
which might have the effect of sending some of
thetn to grass et home, or on their travels to the
Continent, for a term. With respect to economy
when Lord Prey comes to a different process from
that of generalizing in the House of Lords, Ilia
Lordship will fins) that there is an ample field, and
too long, uncultivated, whereon to exercise 14s
pewers. The Civil List, of course, must be subs
jected to such a separation in its departments, and
such a reduction of its magnitude, as will show the
country that the late opposition was to Mr. Gout.
burn's estimate, not to that gentleman himself. On
the general question of our finances, there are two
main topics for considersition,—the distribution of
taxes, and the application of their produce. Both,
we, believe, will admit of sensible amendment. That
whole subject was ably arid most usefully treated by
Sir Henry Purnell; and, in passing, we must express
our surprise that a man so well informed, judicious,
consistent, independent, and indefatigable as the
Hon. Baronet, should apparently be left out of an
Adininistration, wherein room bus been found for
others without his claims to public respect and cons
Admire. Referring to some branches of the new
Ministry which hitherto we have not had time 'to
notice, it gives us satisfaction to find, that the spi-
rited and clear-headed Marquis of Anglesea is des.
tined to the Lord Lieutenancy of .Ireland. In ac-
knowledging the satisfaction generally felt at this
appointment, we are far
,from meaning to convey
an opinion unfavourable to the Goiernment of the
Noble Duke his predecessor, who goes out naturally,
and as a thing of course, with his friends. So far as
the public have turned their thoughts to the aff,iirs
of Ireland, deprived of interest nearly in the
same proportion as they were for some time trans
quillized by the great act of 1820, there has appeared
nothing that was not, highly creditable in the admi-
nistrative measures of the Duke of Northumberland,
who has not deceived the hopes raised at his apps
pointment, that he would rule an impetuous and ec-
centric people with a liberal, mild, and steady hand.
Mr. O'Connell already we sees denounces Lord Ani.
glesea, and foretells that ", he will soon become .un..
popular." We regret wily ono part of the Noble
Lord's recent conduct,—namely, that he has con-
demned the suppression of O'Connell's firebrand
meetings; because it is to be feared that the strong
arm of Lord.Anglesea may in consequence be more
or less restrained from employing the ready weapon
of coercion, wino '4l, power, unreesoningoinprin-
cipled, and 'miens—Times.
Mr. Brougham's appointment to the Chancellor.
ship sustained an attack laSt night, in that House of
which he was recently a Member, and, we might
add, the great ornament.. Now, it may be clear,
that Mr., now Lord Brougham, owes en explanation
Of Isis conduct to lame persons, but candid), not to
the Houskof Commons, who never elected him as
its servant, 'and to whoin he never gave a pledge of
his endless services. The House of Commons,
therefore, was not the place in which his conduct
was to be canvassed. As to the facts'and merits of

the case, we Suppose them simply.to belhese :—That
Mr. Bropgbam was, after some hesitation and Niue-
tattee,—we should think real and unfeigned (but it
does not belong to us to know the heart of
overpersuaded to quit the representation of the
county of York for the Chancellorship, of England.
,It is very clear that Yorkshire did not serve him as
a stepping-stone to the new honour, but rather stood
in his way. tie would have been more acceptable
to the Ministry, and would have felt less aversion
in his Own Limit to the removal, had he been, the
Representative of an obscure borough. Nor do We.
see that his constituents can complain of any breach
of faith on the part of their late Member. He joins
an Adrnittietratioti whose very first proceeding is to
give a solemn pledge of Parliamentary Reform
how, then, can he be said to have broken his pro.,
rnises, or violated his engagements ? But at all
events the question is. one for the peeple of York-
shire, net the House of Commons, to pronounce
upon.--Titliel. . .

Croker last night availed himintlf of the or.
casino of a new.Writ,being'moved for in the room
of Lord Brougham, now Called up to the. goose of
Peers, to commence a furious-attack on the Noble
end Learned Lord.

" It wing but one week ago since they had heard in that

.. .
House the eminent individual now referreil to deelere,,that
he could net by any possibility form any part of that C.
vernment, ' the creation of which, he knew at the time to
be inevitahle.—(flear, hear, from the. new Opporiition.)
That declaration was a voluntary declaration on the part
of the Hon, and,Learned Gentleman;; who, however, not
content with having made that declaration so positively
and so publicly, repeated it voluntarily on the next public
oicetion that offered itself. He had heard that MM. and
Learned Gentleman assert, that the charecter of puldic
atm was part of thewealth of England. if that wain
true at any time, and with respect to any gentleman,
how much more true was it at this moment, and with re.
opect to the.cliarecter of that. man whOoPeultiell the et.i-
thm described In the almost sowed terms of the keeper
of the King's conscience, and who wait invested with
the most transcendent powers of the State? If there
wow any man's, pharaater that above ill other* re.
.
tiSiEtql to be clear from 'huffing 'anti .intrigue,. it was
the character .of the Lord High Chancellor of England,
He -ebould, therefore, make no apol,gy for calling '
the attention of the House to that remarkable declaration
to which he bad already alluded. He was ready to believe
that it saw 041)41)10' Of explenetion—for explanation it qr..
taints did ryquirr. . Ha did, not understand ashy this nto-
thin had not he'll tootle yrterday. - Was it respectful to
that House, with' two tionees.of. metions on their. Order;
hook—was it respectful he asked, that the House should
nut have been, informed that that entioent person no longer
formed part of their holly? Perhaps it might he said that
en explanation could he afforded to this last question.
paella/telt. was heeaute that patent of [`war hail not theo
bean made out. But that was no exeurre I he had occu-
pied the Great Seal—he occupied the place of Lord Keeper
...be sat in the other House of Parliament, exereleiug the
dignity of that high situation;- and if, with the breathtees.
haste with which he had take, pee,sevior, of that'amet, to
that even some technical ddlicithirts in matters of order haul
wets set avide, in order that • he might show, linnself in
his, new Old Splendid Chnrattlfr-,...11e lia 41100,3 amiti in du-
mina.-..it would.at least have been but respectful , to that
fluose, that they should have been put in possession of the
4.40004411 es as soon. as the other Houle of Peelletnent. I
ete44ll.l* to show what impression hat been made on the
country by this matter, and to show that some explanation
is absolutely necessary."
' The sleeloration alluded - to by the lion. Gentle
man differs materially from that aesignkd to Lord
.
Broughton by him. Uri Wednesday
,lase what, the
Noble . and Learned Lord timothy eta war thie...*
" What do we want with On iyesenee of ministers
. ..,.
in Itleclion Petitions ? ' Whitt de we want *kit

them We can do as well (I speak it with all pos.
sible respect of any future Ministry)—(A laugh)—
hilt, I'say, we can do as well without them as with
them. I have nothing to do with them except in
the respect I bear them, and except as a Member of
this House." Another declaration was made by the
Noble and Learned Lord on Thesday night, and
this is the one to which Mr. Croker, no doubt, al-
ludes:—

"I consent (he said) to put off my motion (to the 25th),
but 111 put it off in deference to the feeling of. the Reuse,
I beg to have it most positively and distinctly understood
that it is most contrary to tny own feelings. They may be
wrong, anti I right. If I yield, it is In deference to them.
But as the change sf Administration , is one which cannot
possibly affect me, I take this opportimity to state, that if,
in compliance with the request of my Noble Friend just
made to me hero, and before communicated to me in some
private conversation we had upon Ile subject, and in site.
dience to the wishes of the House signified in its favour, I
now consent to defer my motion—l defer it to the 25th of
this month, and no longer.—( Hear, hear.) I bring forward
the question then, whoever may be his Majesty's Ministers.
—(Laud cheers.)"
Now there is a material difference between a state-
ment that " the change of Administration is one
which cannot possibly effect me," and "he could
not by any possibility form any part of that Govern-
ment, the creation of which he knew at the time to
be inevitable." The one merely goes to say, that
as he was not in the Ministerial arrangement, the
change could not by any possibility prevent him
from bringing forward his motion on the 250, which
is merely saying in other words, that had he been
in the Ministerial arrangements, it would have been
impo,sible for him to bring , format' his motion,
The possibility does not refer to any determination 1
of Lord Brougham never to form part of the Ad!.
ministration. The determination ascribed to the
Noble and Learned Lord by the Hon. Gentleman,
assumes the impossibility to have reference to the
forming part. of the Ministry; whereas it merely
connected the necessity of his bringing forward the
motion with the fact of his not being in: the Ad-
ministration, and consequently not having a valid
excuse for abandoning it. To take a familiar in
stance. Will you accompany me to' ,-------'ll.l
dinner? "I am not invited; I cannot possibly go?'
An invitation arrives-the party accepts it.. The pos
sibility here has no reference to a determination no
to make one of the dinner party, but to the not bein
sit the time entitled to make one of the party. Sept
posing that Lord Broughamhad: refused to accept
the elevation placed within its reach, from a variety
1
of considerations, some of which are. often found .t
weigh with men of the first-rate abilities, as, for in •
stance, a high estimate of the qualifications neeessar
for the office, and an, humble estimate of his own=-!►
is that a reason why he should not be allowed. t 4
alter his resolution ? It may be uncomprehensiblt
to Mr. Crolter, that any mati Should require 'Peer
suasion to fill a situation of profit and dignity ;
but whatever he may think, there are individuals with
whom profits and honours are not the only Mai,.
sideration. All men are not . equally bent on the
acquisition of wealth. Surely it is not a Crime to
hesitate to accept office. In the formation of the
present Ministry„ it is understood that mote titan
one individual hesitated to accept office, from serti-
pies with which Mr. Croker is probably not much
acquainted. Lord Morpoth happily observed that
" there was much doubt as to the correctness of
the representations now made of the words of the
declarations attributed to Lord
,Brougharn; but at
all events he (Lord 'Warped)) had never heard it
attributed to the Noble and Learned Lord that ha-
had said he should be mad if he were to accept
'office, and had afterwards accepted it." The whole
of.the discussion was unworthy' Of Hon. Merahant.

If they have any objections to the elevation, of Lord
Brougham, in God'e name let them bring them forl-
ward; but if they have none, it betrays a littleness
of mind to quibble about expressions thrown out in
the heat of debate, and give them a meaning which
does not belong to them. It was well obserVed by
Mr. Macauley that had Lord Brougham been pre-
sent, Mr. Croker would have taken care how he
attacked Chronicle.
The Ministerial change in this country continues
to occupy the French politicians. The declaration
of Lord Grey, to which we alluded yesterday, must
produce the best effects in France :
" The true policy of this country (said his Lordship)
is to maintain universal peace; and, therefore, the Nit
object of this country ought to be non-interference,—
(Hear, hear.)"..—What a pity that we have been so long
in discovering this true policy ! " I cannot bay more
(added his Lordship), not knowing what has been the
course pursued by. my predecessors ; but in looking to the
means by which peace may be preserved, we must also look
to the maintenance nioUr connection with the Powers with
whom we are in alliance,—(Hear, hear.)—lt must be the
care of the new Government, as I have no doubt it was Of
the old, to maintain a proper connection with our
for the purpose of keeping unbroken the peace of Europe.
With France I trust we shall he 'able to bold •the most
friendly relations. Between two great - and powerfill
nations, standing on the same principles of public, liberty,
the union arising from community of sentiment and fisting
ought to be the closest and the most enduring ; it -should
teach them to seek and to promote each the welfare and
the happiness of the other, and cautiously to avoid 11,11
views of aggrandizement and ambition, which might enr
danger the atability of empires, . and disturb the pertee of
the world:.—(Chee's'e.)"
With all 'peace; with France friendship. ThiS
declaration was the more called for. that England
,lis
always hitherio.,beeti suspected of leaning towards'
the illiberal aovernments. It its proper that a Go-
vernment, meaning fairly, should give all the ad,
vantage of its moral influence to those Governments
which appear to it to be founded on the principle of
promoting the, public good, We are not entitled to
prescribe to other Govertitnental what ought to be
their conduct towards theirsttbjeots; but the same
principles of ,one nation, which lead indiViduals to
sympathise with the good and to look witliaveraion
on the bad, must more or less influence Govern-
ments, Those who think that the mass of mankind
are called into the world merely to minister to the
caprices of the . few, naturally syMpathise with
arbitrary GovernMents, just as • those who think
that every human being should. be protected In his
persoll and iirnpei.ty naturally- sympathy's with Go-
vernments having the. good of the people for their
object.--Moraing Chronicle.

A meeting, of the working classes was held in
tho liornhorstonelate mi Monday, for the purrose of
uniting the weals* of the ":National 41Asoci.ttion for ti,e'
Protection of Labour." We undentand that a* many' as
2,000 workmen joined the Arnociation the game evening.
.....,Leicester Chronicle.

gXT4ACT OF A. LETTER, ',HON LINBON,
DATISA Nov. In:—`i sttDtuet, .4YATIC, a Jew established
it Oporto, a sidled of the Emperor of Itfoxocco, was
nendemned to death as one of the principal inciters of, the
rebellion, which took place against the usurped Soya:
reigaty of Don Matsu in 1828 ;,and his prOperty, to the
amount of 35,000,000 mitt in gold, was seised and con.
&coed; A brother of his, used twenty, sifter having ex-
hausted every endeavour to procisre .thehheration of the
unturtuut4te Kssitqa., set out for Tangiers!, where be ob-
tained from the Etrineror a lettqr:,lar Dun Aftone,i,„
Fur-
Distteti with thle valuable doconsent, be arrived is Ekbois
foitr'l444. before that Axed, . triton for the execution of the
sentence against the unierninate, but faithful aubjects of
DONNA M4IIIA ll* Ife PrOented himself at Court, and:
minrod.tha. letter to Don, 1410,14. L. An order was im-
mediately soot to Oporto, which arrived in time to suspend
the execution of the punishment, which was commuted to
herd labim,. Nei content,. with this pardon, the young
man again set out for Tangiers, where he obtained auother
letter, us which, aux the usual complimen4 required by
African etiquette, the Arab Emperor required of Don
MintlXT, the liberation of this vassal, alleging that he did
not recognise in any foreigner the power of judging hi.,
subjects, and stating, that in Case rat. a._ refeeal be should'
retaliate upon the Portugnelie Consul, upon' whom all his
vingestice should fall. This eloquent and. decisive letter
I,,,etinced the result which ell the diplomacy of -Europe
cola .taut fluter. its if ;Gawp frosts the blind and
nate Government of this country, Ssot..ws, after an ins..
prisoinneut of two years and a half, was set at liberty, and
nenducted on board a vessel which kit the Tagus on the
I Ith inst., for the States of the. Eameror of Ainancco;
who is well entitled to the thank" and inlogituntr of every
philAuthropic "