The Sun.
London, England, 1839-01-24 00:00:00

ROYAL DECREE.

" Louis Philippe; Xing of the French, to al present and to come,
greeting.

" Upon the Report of our Secretary of State of the Department of
Public Works, Agriculture and Commerce,
" Whereas the laws of the 15th of April, 1832, and the 26 t h of April,
1833, relative to the importation and exportation of corn—
" Whereas the 34th article of the law of customs of the 17th of Dec.
1814, thus couched—

" Royal ordinances may provisionally, and in case of urgency, sus.
pend or permit the exportation of the productions of the soil, or of na•
tional manufacture, and determine the duties to which they ,shall be
subjected; all the dispositions ordered and executed by virtue of this
present article shall be presented in the form of a project of law to the
two Chambers before the end of their session, if they be assembled, or
the next sesiin if they be not :'
" We have ordered the following:—
"Art. 1. The exportation of grain is provisional'y suspended on all
points of the maritime frontier of theocean.

" Art. 2. Our Ministers in the department of the Public Works,
Agriculture, and Commerce, and in the department of Finance are
charged, each as it may concern him, with the execution of the present
ordinance, which will be inserted in the Bulletin des Lois.

" Made at the Palace of the Tuileries, Jan. 21, 1539.
"LOUIS PHILLIPE."

PIST-OFFICE ALTERATIONS.

The following alterations took place in the departure of three
of the mails on Sunday:—
The Second Grand Junction Railway diapatch will be at
10 29 A. M., instead of at 11 20, as heretofore, and the box will
be closed for this despatch at 10.
The Carlisle, Glasgow, and Edinburgh mail will be de-
spatched r.t 6 P. hi., instead of at 8 (including the sixth bag to
Manchester).

The 1101Y/wad mail will also bo despatehed at 6 P. Nl., in-
stead of 7.

The letter-box will be closed for these mails at 5 P.M., at
the same time as for the third Grand Junction London, Bristol,
and Falmouth despatches.
The London day mail will in future be due about 9 P.M.,
and the letters ( Sundays excepted) will be ready for delivery,
to persons who regularly call at the Office, in about half an
hour afterwards.----Liverpool Courier.

The Hon. Colonel and Mrs. Anson entertained the
Marchioness of Ailesbury, Lord Suffield, Hon. George 13yng,
Hon. Miss Forester, Hon. Charles Gore, Mr. George Anson,
Mr. Stewart, and a select party at dinner on Tuesday even.
ingat their residence in Hill-street.

Jr. Hope Vere gave his first dinner for the season
yesterda3 at his residence in Park-lane.

Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of
Cambridge issued cards yesterday for a select dinner and
evening party to-morrow evening.
His Grace the Duke of Wellington will give a
sumptuous entertainment at Apsley House on Monday, the 4th•
of the ensuing m6nth, to the Conservative Peers. His
Grace is not expected in town until the close of next week.

PRINCIPLES OF SOCIETY.-From a Corre-
spondent. )—A very animated and interesting public discussion,
testing the truth of the five fundamental facts upon which the
principles of socialism is founded, took place on Tuesday
evening, the 22d inst., between a student in Theology and
the President of Branch 16, of the Association of All Classes
of All Nations, at the Hall of Science, Commercial-place,
City-road, and which was adjourned until next Tuesday
evening. There could not have been less than 400 persons
present, who appeared perfectly satisfied. Mr. Owen was
present, and at the close addressed the meeting.
THE A Itm Y.—The. 15th Hussars move immediately
rem Glasgow for Chatham, preparatory to embarkation for
India, on board the Minotaur, 74. The uniform of the regi-
ment is to be changed to skyblue, the facings red. Sir Walter
Scott gets the augmentation Lieutenant- Colonelcy ; Captain
Wathen the Majority, and Lie utenant and Adjutant Hecker
the troop. The 11th Light Dragoons to be made Hussars,
the uniform the same as that of the 15th. The 10th Hussars
is the next regiment for foreign service, and it is supposed will
relieve the 4th, now in India, in the course of the present year.
The 7th Fusileers are under orders for India. The 42d for
Canada. We understand from the best authority, that the
Military Commissioners are determined to recommend, in the
strongest terms, the abolition of the traffic which now prevails
in the purchase of promotion, by giving enormous sums beyond
the regulated prices.
DURHAM DINNER.—On Tuesday the Tories in
and about Sunderland sat down to a dinner in public, that they
might celebrate the sixth anniversary of the " Durham County
Conservative Association." It is said that they mustered on
this occasion 300 strong. And besides a long list of notorious
gentlemen belonging to the Tory tribe, with hangers-on and
small fry, there were present the Marquis of Londonderry,
Lord Seaham, and Mr. Liddell. The after-dinner harangues
of the Sunderland speechifiers need not description, and our
readers, we are persuaded, will be well pleased that we dis-
miss these dinner doings without further notice.
Brighton has lately been the scene of several radical
demonstrations.

A great number of idle paragraphs are circulating
through the Papers respecting the health of the Duke of Wel-
lington. With the exception of a slight attack of rheumatism,
we believe his Grace is in as sound health a he has been for
the last 20 years.—Times.

MANCHESTER.

DINNER OF THE ANTI-CORN-LAW
ASSOCIATION.-(LAST NIGHT.)

BY EXPRESS.

A public dinner of the Manchester Anti- Corn-law Associa-
tion took place at the Corn Exchange, Hanging Ditch, last
night, which was attended by delegates from many' of the
large towns in England and Scotland. Several Members of
Parliament, advocates for the repeal of the Corn-laws, and
the Mayor, and members of the Municipal bodies. of Man-
chester and other neighb luring towns. The room was very
tastefully fitted up for the occasion, end arrangements were
made by placing three tables across the extreme end of the
building, and eleven others running at right angles along its
entire length, to accommodate about nine hundred persons.
A temporary gallery was also fitted up at the end of the room,
opposite the Chairman, capable of holding about one hundred
persons. Such was the demand for tickets that one to two
guineas were freely offered in the course of Tuesday and yes-
terday. At the ballot for the remaining tickets there were
more than two hundred applicants for seven tickets. The
price of the tickets was fixed at 3s. 6d., but a very large num-
ber to admit re.rsons after the dinner were subsequently is-
sued and eagerly purchased at five shillings each. It is sup-
posed that if accommodation could have been provided for
2,000 persons every ticket would have been disposed of.
Over the s=at occupied by the Chairman was a large white
banner, fringed with pick, bearing the inscription, " The Total
and Immediate Repeal of the Corn-laws." On the Chair-
man's right was another, with the words, " The Repeal— the
Total Repeal, and Nothit g but the Repeal!! !" and on the
left a similar one, having incribed on A Cheap Loaf for
the People." And at the end of the room, opposite the
Chairman, a banner, with (in large letters) " England expects
that every man this day will do his duty."
From the cast-iron pillars by which the roof of the building
was supported, depended festoons and wreaths of roses, laurels,
and evergreens, and the whole was brilliantly lighted with gas.
At a 20 minutes past five o'clock the Chairman, J. B.
Smith, Esq., accompanied by the members of the Committee,
and the Members of Parliament, and other gentlemen who had
been invited to attend, entered the room, and were received
with loud and general cheering.
Among the gentlemen present we observed Sir W. Moles-
worth, M. P., Mr. Clay, M.P., Colonel Salwey, M. P.,
Messrs. J. B. flobhouse, M.P., John Easthope, M.P., Jos.
Seholufield, M. P., J. Brotherton, M. P., C. P. Villiers, M. P.,
J. T. Leader, M. P., Ainsworth, M. P., W. Marsland,
M.P., Finch, M.P., John Fort, M. P., Richard Walker,
M. P., William Ewart, Colonel Thompson, Dr. Bowring,
the Mayor of Manchester, the Mayor of Leeds, the
Mayor of Hull, the Mayor of Stockport, the Master Cutler of
Sheffield, John Bright, Esq., and a Dcputaticn from Rochdale;
Bigg, Esq., and a Deputation from Leicester; Messrs.
Bomer and Frost, Deputies from Derby; J. Armstrong, Esq.,
Mayor of Lancaster; Mr. Higgins and Mr. Sattesthwaite ;
Robert Segur, Esq., and Messrs. Ashcroft and Baker, Depu-
ties from Preston ; Bailie Johnston and Mr. Weir, Deputies
from Glasgow; Hon. J. E. Murrry, Deputy from Edin-
burgh; Mr. Boultbee, and four other gentlemen, Deputies
from Birmingham ; Messrs. Walker and Wynne, Deputies
from Wolverhampton ; the Mayor of Bolton, and two other
gentlemen, Deputies; Messrs. J. Bradley, R. Sands, and
Keely, Deputies from Nottingham.
Letters approving of the objects of the meeting were re-
ceived from Ebenezer Elliot, the Corn-law rhymer, Colonel
Torrens, G. W. Wood, 'M. P., Stansfield; M. P., &c. &c.
After the cloth had been removed, the CHAIRMAN rose and
was received with loud and general cheering. lie said—
Gentlemen, at the request of the Committee I have taken the
chair this evening, but you will not be surprised that, on so
great and important an occasion as the present, I should feel
it necessary to bespeak your indulgence. Gentlemen, I beg to
remind you of the objects for which this Association was este.-
blished, and also of the very important point, that this is not
a political meeting.—( Hear, hear, and cheers.) I beg for
that purpose to read one of the rules of the Manchester Anti-
Corn-law Association, which is, that "no party political dis-
cussion shall, on any account, be allowed at any of the general
or committee meetings of the Association ; nor shall any re-
solution be proposed, or subject entertained, which shall be
at variance with the declared object of the Association."
That declared object being, Gentlemen, to obtain by all legal
and Constitutional means the total and immediate repeal of
the existing Corn and Provision-laws. Gentlemen, the Com-
mittee have most scrupulously adhered to the rules of the As-
sociation ; and the distinguished strangers whom you see here
to-day have been invited not on account of their party politics,
but from the circumstance of their being friends to the repeal
of the Corn-laws. Invitations have been sent to every Mem.
her of Parliament who voted in the minority on Mr. Villiers's
motion in March last, and it is in reply to these invitations that
you see so large a number of Members of Parliament here to-
day ; but the near approach of the meeting of Par-
liament has prevented a great number from attending on
this occasion, and numerous letters of apology have
been received. We are therefore the more indebted to these
gentlemen who have done us the honour of attending at great
personal inconvenience to themselves.—( Loud cheers ) I
have to regret also that we have been deprived of the company
of our excellent Member, Mr. Mark Phillips—( Hear, hear)
a.....fr0m whom I have had a hry: ;otter, in which he deeply re-
grets his unavoidable absence ; but you will be quite satisfied
that his heart is with us in this cause.—( Loud cheering.) I
have also had a letter from our other Right Hon. Member,
Poulett Thompson.—(Cries of " Read, read.") Gentlemen,
I shall read the letter to you; it is as follows

Si:nth Audley.street, 15th of January, 1839.
MY DEAR SIR,-1 have delayed replying to your letter inviting me
to dine with the Anti-Corn-law Association on the 23d inst., because I
was unwilling to decline the invitation at once, and therefore waited to
ascertain whether it would be possible for me to get down to Manches-
ter, upon the occasion. I now however, regret to say that I am com-
pelled to refuse myself the pleasure of meeting the gentlemen in whose
names you write, as I find that the pressure of public busijess just be-
fore the meeting of Parliament, and the necessity of frequent attendance
at Councils render it impossible for me to leave London.
I beg you will convey the expression of my regret to the Committee.
I am, y dear Sir, yours faithfully.
C. POULETT THOMSON.
I hope you rill not think me trespassing on your time, if I
read to you two other letters; the one is from Lord Brougham,
addressed to myself (loud cheers):—

Grafton.street, January 10, 1839.

am sorry that it will not be in my power to accept the
honour of the invitation which I have just received to the Man-
chester Dinner, to be held upon the occasion of the opposition against
the Corn-laws.

My opinions upon this most important subject have been frequently
declared in Parliament, and I shall not fail to do my duty there when it
again is brought forward. It is given out, I perceive, that those who
could really help forward the question, will only be likely to exert
themselves if the country shall press them. I do not well understand
this principle of public conduct, but I am sure it will be the country's
own fault if any excuse remains for any one doubting what opinion
generally prevails upon this question, so universally interesting to all
classes. I have the honour to be, Sir,
Your faithful and obedient servant,
(Signed) BROUGHAM.
—( Great cheering.) I shall trouble you with one other, and
that is from Lord Durham.—( Loud and continual cheering.)
Jan. 15, 1839.

regret that the pressure of public business, which detains me
in London, will prevent me from accepting the invitation to the public
dinner at the Corn Exchange, which you have done me the honour to
transmit to me. My opinions on the subject to which that meeting re-
fers, hive been long entertained, and decidedly expressed in Parliament.
It was my belief in 1815, when I moved the amendment to the second
reading of the Corn-law Bill in the House of Commons, that the mea
sure was unwise and impolitic, and subsequent experience has confirmed
me in that opinion.

I am convinced that the operation of the Corn Laws is as injurious to
the agriculturist as to the manumcturer, and that their repeal would
equally tend to the mutual advantage of both classes.

I believe that any diminution in the price of corn would be more
than counterbalanced by that increased consumption of all Other articles
of agricultural produce, which would be created by the extension of com.
mercial enterprise—the fresh impulse which would be given tomanu-
facturing industry—and the great additional employment which would
be consequently afforded to the labouring classes.
I have the honour to be, your most obedient servant,
(Signed) DURHAM.

J. B. Smith, Esq , Chairman.
( Cheers.) I am happy to see around me on this occasion
gentlemen of every shade of political opinion, and I think the
toast I am about to propose will find a response in the breast
or; every one present —" Our Queen, the Duchess of Lan-
caiter, may she long reign over an industrious people, un-
shackled by Corn-laws and all monopolies."
The toast was drank with great enthusiasm.

Tha CHAIRMAN shortly afterwards rose and said—Gentle-
men, the next toast I have to propose is " The total and uncon-
ditional repeal of the Corn and Provis'on laws."—( Hear,
hear, and loud cheers for several minutes.) Gentle-
men, that the total and immediate repeal of the Corn-
laws is indispensible to our commercial and manufacturing
prosperity I think must be evident to every impartial mind
who has perused the important proceedings of the two meet-
ings of the Chamber or Commerce of this tt‘wn, and I think
it is clear that the repeal of these laws is equally necessary to
the welfare of the agriculturists, to all those who have perused
the important report of the Parliamentary inquiry into tee
agricultural distress of .1836.—( Hear, hear.) That evidence
Gentlemen, is of the most extraordinary character, and I am
surprized that hitherto, so little notice has been taken of it.
There were two classes of witnesses examined before the Com-
mittee. The English farmers stated that there was nothing
but thin staring them in the face—that their capital was con-
stantly diminished—they complained of the low prices, and
that they could not pay their rents, and that the taxation was
too heavy. But, on the contrary, all the Scotch evidence
given on that occasion demonstrated that there was nothing
to complain of.—( Hear, hear.) Be it remembered that at
that time wheat was remarkably low—lower than it had been
known for 70 years—the average being below 40s. a quarter.
Notwithstanding all this the Scotch witnesses stated that they
were doing well, that they were getting money, that they did
not complain of high rents, and that they did not want to shift
the taxation from their own shoulders to those of other persons ;
but of the Corn• laws they said that they were most mis-
chievous in execution.--( Cheers.) That they cheated both
the farmer and the landowner. Now,. Gentlemen, how is it
that we find the Scotch farmer who is absolutely paying a
higher rent for a worse soil, and in a worse climate, saying that
he is doing well, while the English agriculturist complains of
bad times? Why, Gentlemen, the reason was this, because
the English farmer has been going on year after year in the
old track which his father and his grandfather pursued, while
the Scotch farmer has applied capital and skill to the task.
We hear in Scotland of a steam-engine being placed upon an
estate, but have you ever heard of a steam-engine in the
English agricultural districts? The effifts of capital and
skill in Scotland are of the most extraordinary character. Mr.
Smith, of Deanstown, who is well known as one of the first
mechanists and agriculturists of the age, and who has turned

his attention to the draining of land by draining and sub-
plowing, states that he made land, covered with peat and
worth only ss. an acre, of the value of 403.—(Cheers.) In
Scotland, it was well known, that they obtained one-third
one-fourth, and even one-half more, produce from worse land
than in England. He was asked if the plan had been tried
in England, and he answered, in one or two cases. And
what was the result? Why, Gentlemen, Admiral Fleming
drained and improved some grass land on his plan; and this
land, which for twenty years had been let at 20a. an acre,
after being drained and improved, was let at 56a. an acre.---
(Cheers.) R. Laurence Oliphant, the Member for Perth,
states that the progress of farming in England was coin.
',Neely arrested, because of the ignorance of the farming
interests, and that there were thousands of acres of land in
England yielding only one quarter of the produce which a very
small amount of intelligence and industry would produce.---
(Hear.) Now it secma to me that the English farmers are
pretty much in the same state as if the manufacturers had re-
sorted to the same machinery as their grandfathers used.--.
( Hear.) From such a stupid blockhead we should not be sur-
prised to hear a complaint of bad times, of loss of capital, of
inability to pay rents, and a wish to remove the taxes from
themselves to others. But I ask would you sympathise with
such men ? Could you be persuaded that it was a want of pro-
tection that had made them poor ? No such thing—you should
say that his old clumsy machinery had been the cause of his
run Gentlemen, I have never heard this evidence referred
to before, and it appears to me to bring the question into a
very narrow compass. Here are we oppressed by this
monstrous monopoly, which is destroying our commerce
and manufactures—which has covered our land with paupers
which has filled our prisons with criminals, which has filled
our streets eith prostitutes, and exposes our lives and proper-
ties to the dagger and torch of the assassin and incendiary.--
( Loud cheers.) And all for what ? Because the farmers will
persist in using their old clumsy machinery, instead of using
the new and improved minas at their disposal. Was ever any
country oppressed with such a Legislature and such a Govern-
ment as this ? Will such folly be continued ? you say it
ought to be persisted in ?—(Loud cries of " No.") I think
you will say it ought not, and the only remedy for agricultural
distress is to let in competition, and to spur up the drones.--
( Ile sr, and cheers.) By this means, Gentlemen, we will soon
see the English agriculturist approximating to the Scotch, and
then all parties would be relieved.—( Much cheering.)
Mr. R. 11, GREG having been called upon said—Mr.
Chairman and Gentlemen, when I look around and see the
distinguished Gentlemen below me—when I look around and
see the immense multitude of merchants and manufacturers of
this town and neighbourhood—when I see before me deputa-
tions from every part of the United Kingdom—and when I
see here the formidable array of Reporters, who are about to
transmit what passes here to the remotest corners of the civi-
lized world, I feel oppressed with the weight of the task corn-
mined to me, and I sincerely regret that it has not been en-
trusted to other hands. But, Gentlemen, when we enter
into the battle, we must take that post which our
leaders assign us, whether it be in the front rank
with the forlorn hope, or whether it be to bring
up the rem.—(Hear)—and in this most important battle
which is now about to take place upon this interesting subject,
I trust that every man, however weak he may think he is, will
cast a stone at the Philistine—( Hear, hear)—and perhaps some
la'nd Providence may send a pebble into the forehead of the
monster,--( Loud cheers.) It is not, Gentlemen, my intention to
enter into lengthened discussion on the subject of the Corn-
laws, because I see around me many gentlemen far more
competent to the task if it were necessary, Were it necessary
to expose the fallacies of the advocates of the Corn laws, I
ee before me Cul. Thompson, who has done it so ably.._( Loud
chsers.) Nor is it necessary to go into any minutiae as to
the amount of taxation which these obnoxious laws
impose upon the rest of the commun:ty, I will
iefly assume that the consumption of wheat is about sixty
millions per annum--that the price is raised by the operation
of these laws 15W. per quarter, and that half of the whole
amount goes for seed and other purposes, and consumed by
the agriculturists., and that would leave about twenty millions
of taxes imposed upon the rest of the community. But whe-
ther the amount be twenty millions, as some have estimated it,
or 150 millions, as others say, for remember it is not only corn
but the whole amount of agricultural produce which is affected
by it. And this is not the greatest or the worst evil of the
corn and bread taxation—the worst danger is, that it has en-
dangered and is endangering our manufactures and commerce,
and in both the rosperity ofthe empire.—( Cheers.) It is quite
clear, although many gentlemen did not give it proper weight,
that where we d not buy we cannot sell. If we do not take
their productions from other countries they cannot take ours ;
if we do not take their corn and timber they will not take our
manufactures ; and if they are not clothed with our manufac-
tures they will necessarily be driven to manufacture for them-
selves. If, in 1814, when the present Corn-laws were passed,
a fixed duty of 20s. a quarter had been imposed, I believe the
agriculturist might have enjoyed the benefit of high prices
without any of the serious evils that are now banging over us.
At that period, after long and desolating wars, such was the
feeling of the insecurity of property that capitalists abroad
would as soon think of throwing their money into the Danube
or the Elbe as of investing it in the establishment of manufac-
tories.--( Hear, hear.) They would have given us corn
and we would have given them manufactures--the golden
dream of the agriculturist would then have been realized, and
I believe that they had no wish to injure Os, but merely to
benefit themselves. They have but fallen into a fatal mis-
take, and in enacting the present Corn-laws they have killed
the goose that laid the golden eggs ; or, like the boy in the
fable, they have grasped so many filberts that they.cannot draw
their hands out of the pitcher.--( Cheers and laughter.) As
it is now, a duty of 20s. a quarter is not to be dreamt of—a dug'
of 10s. a quarter is not to be named.—( Loud cheers.) No-
thing but the total and unqualified repeal of the Corn--
laws can save us from those serious evils which I, for one,
have long seen impending. (Vehement cheering.)
Nothing but their total repeal will prevent those
countries which were formerly our customers from be-
coming our rivals—nothing else will prevent those enemies
which it has-raised up from becoming our executioners. The
interest which the proceedings in the Chamber of Commerce
in this town has excited, has called forth a warm response
from every part of the country, As our present object is to
alleviate the danger to which the country is exposed, I shall
read you a rather long extract from a letter from Sir Samuel
Stirling, a Scotch Baronet, who has for many years resided
abroad, and who, although formerly an advocate of the
Corn-laws, when he now looks ore at a distance,
and is no longer mixed up in the muddy and turbu-
lent contest going on here, has completely altered
his opinions. Mr. Greg here read a lengthened extract
from a letter, dated from the Grand Duchy of Baden, which
stated the great progress that had been made in the establish-
ment of manufactories in Germany and other parts of the
Continent, and proenosticating that very shortly British goods
would be altogether driven from the foreign market. He
would read one extract more, which was this :—" Unless an
alteration of our Corn-laws produces this effect nothing on
earth will, and in a very few years British goods will be
driven from the Continental Markets.''—( Hear, hear, and
loud cheers.) I will not read any further extracts
though I have many of a very interesting nature, which I may
may make public on another occasion. It may be remem-
bsred by some gentlemen I mentioned at the Chamber of
Commerce, that the house with which I am connected had, in
consequence of foreign competition in a certain article, been
compelled to break up 200 looms at one of our establishments
last year, and that we were about to break up 200 more at
another place this year. The article I allude to is velveteens-
I have here a sample (exhibiting it) of beautiful velveteen,
made at Moscow. The state of our trade in that
article with Russia I will briefly enumerate. In 1834 we
shipped 345 000 yards; in 1835, 177,000 yards; in 1836,
93,000 yards ; in 1837, 8,000 yards. The trade has departed.
The exports of the same were, in 1834, seven million and a
half; in 1836, 5.800,000; in 1837,:4,600 000. The export
of our manufactured goods to Russia is, in fact, gone.--
( Hear, hear.) To give you some notion of the Russian cot-
ton manufacture at present, I will mention that it is one-third
the amount of the cot tonlmanuf ictures in England. Nankeen
are wholly supplied from Switzerland. I have also a specimen
of German Prints, made at Camlet, in Germany.—(Mr.
Greg here exhibited specimens of prints of German and
English manufacture. The German exceeded the English
both in execution and work. The German Print was sold at
153. 6i., the English at 17s. 6d. We merely enjoy the mar-
ket till they can fit! it up.--( Hear, hear.) I have some inte-
resting letters from America, which I will not read,
but will merely state with respect to the manufactures of
America, that in the year 1814, /be time of peace, America
consumed about 100 bales of cotton. Last year the consump-
tion amounted to 30,000 bales. It new stands, in consump-
tion, whe re we stood in 1816, and she has become a large „ex-
i porter of cotton goods. In 11435 her exports amounted to
2,800,000 dollars. In 1836 and half of 1837 she exported of
cotton goods 17,000 bales to the Cape of Good Hope—to
our Indian possessions arid to Canada. In the same time she
exported 34,000 bales of cotton goods to South American
markets alone. Sixteen years ego the Forest of Lowhill
—the Manchester of America—echoed no sound but that of
the cataract; but now there is water power of 5,000-horse
there, which is one-half of the whole of the water power of
Great Britain applied to cotton manufacture. It is not alone
in the cotton manufacture that America is making great
strides. In 1835 17 millions of sheep were bred in America
for the sake of their wool. In 1838 they amounted to 28
millions. I believe the whole quantity in Great Britain
amounts to 32 millions, and I believe that next year the
number of sheep bred in America for this purpose
will amount to upwards of 30 millions. We know there is no
wool exported from this country, and upon the American sta-
tistics I have seen, I have reason to believe the lowest class of
woollens is as cheap in the market of New York as in the
Cloth-hall of Leeds. It has been said by some newspaper
that the agitation going on in Manchester is disgusting. To
that I would answer that our prospects are equally disgusting..
—( Hear, hear, hear.) For the last two y ears the greater part
of the manufacturers of Manchester have had no profits
whatever; and a friend of mine asked very properly, "what
would the Landed Gentlemen say if they had been two years
without receiving one penny of rent ?"—( Cheers, and a laugh.)
All we ask for is free. trade—a fair field, and no favour.--
( Cheers.) If the Landed Gentlemen had received no
rents for two years, what proposals would they have
made ?—(llear, hear.) Would they have been as fair?
Would not one proposal be, at least to wipe
off one half of the national debt ?—( Cheers.) But it may be
asked, if such is the state of your trade—if such are your pros-
pects, why do you go on building fresh mills? It certainly is
a poser. —( Laughter.) But there are many reasons that I
could give, but will got : but I will answer that question
by asking another—la it not a fact that all profes-
sions—the Church, the Law, and Medicine are quite full
—(Laugh)—and is it not a fact, that fresh members
knowing this, are continually running into thee e professions
are not those already engaged in them, bringinfd; up their chi'.

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Fair?