The Sun.
London, England, 1837-07-18 00:00:00

IHE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, JULY 18, 1837.

act as one man, with one voice. He had been twice elected
by them, and he had, therefore, some claims upon their
suffrage.—(Cries of " Do it singly.")
The Noble CRAIRmAN then put the question whether
Sir Samuel Whalley should be the candidate of their choice
at the next election, which was carried unanimously.
Mr. YOUNG then presented himself to the meeting, and
was received with mingled cheers and groans. The Hon.
Gentleman then went over his political creed, expressing his
readiness to advocate the vote by ballot, shortening the
duration of Parliament, total abolition of Church-rates, and
such reform in the discipline of the Church as would make
it more consonant with the wishes of the people.

Mr. LANGIJANI moved as an amendment that Mr. Young
should be recommended to withdraw his pretensions, and
that Mr. Hall was a fit and proper person to represent that
borough in Parliament.
On the amendment being pnt the meeting appeared pretty
equally divided on the subject. The Chairman, however,
declared the majority to be in favour of Mr. Young.

PREPARATIONS for the GENERAL

ELUCTION.

ESSEX.—The three candidates for the southern division
of the county have been proceeding in their canvass during
the past week. In the northern division no Liberal candi-
date has yet appeared to oppose Sir John Tyrell and Mr.
C. G. Round. Mr. Lennard, who has been for the last
week on a visit to Lord Western, has made a very active
canvass of the electors of Maldon : both parties admit that
the contest will be a close one.

Mr. Todd, the new candidate for Colchester, in the Li-
beral interest, is of the firm of Todd and Bosanquet, wine-
merchants.—Essex Herald.

IIERTS.—Mr. Brand, the nephew of Lord Dacre (who
once contested the northern division of Essex), has de-
clined offering himself for the county of Hertford, as it was
expected he would have done from a pledge to that effect,
which he gave at the last election. If Mr. Brand bad
come forward the Conservatives would have brought for-
ward another candidate, but as they evinced a disposition
to rest satisfied with things as they are, Mr. Brand would
not take upon himself to disturb the county by a contest,
and the consequence is, all the present Members will be
returned without opposition. Mr. Brand, we believe, is a
candidate for Brighton.—lbid.
LICIIFIELD.—Lord Alfred Paget is the Liberal candi-
date for the suffrages of the citizens here.

TANlWORTH.—Notwithstanding the double-faced dealing
of Sir Robert Peel's Committee, and its collusion with that
of Captain A'Court, CAptain Townshend will go to the
poll in full confidence of success.

NORTH WILTS.—Sir Francis Burdett has taken refuge
here, and hopes to be seated as the county representative.
GREAT YARMOUTH.—In this town great excitment pre-
vails. The Reform candidates, Messrs. Rumbold and
Wilshier, have, out of six hundred householders on the re-
gister, received promises from four hundred. The Tory
candidates, Messrs. Baring and Gambier, look to the free-
men. There are not less than one thousand of this class
of voters on the register. At the last election the return
was secured by means of golden arguments with the latter
class of voters.

NEWCASTLE.—There is some probability, we are glad
to learn, that Mr. 'Wharton Burdon, the present Member
for Weymouth, who was spoken of in our last as likely to
contest the representation of North Shields, will come for-
ward as a candidate for Newcastle, in opposition to Mr.
110,1g:son Hiude. Most sincerely do we wish this may
prove true. With a spirited and talented candidate like
Mr. Burdon, we doubt not the Reformers could fight Mr.
Hinde successfully, and turn him out of the seat.—Durham
Chronicle.

CHRLTENIIAII.—We are glad to find that the canvass
of Mr. Craven Berkeley has been so successful as to leave
no doubt of his return. Mr. Jonathan Peel, like his com-
rogues, the Conservatives, has not disdained to resort to
their common device of taunting the Reformers with having
supported the new Poor-law. It is well known that that
measure, be it what it may, was to the full as much the
creation of the Conservatives as the Bill of the Liberals. Ac-
cording to the Cheltenham Journal, whose advocacy of Tory
interests is as strenuous and unscrupulous as we admit it to be
assiduous and able, does not hesitate to assert what we ap-
prehend, few persons who have any, the slightest, acquaint-
ance with the relative strength of parties in Cheltenham
will give credence to. The Tories' journal says :
" In Cheltenham, the political denomination of the
Berkeley Family has been shaken to the very centre ; and
the success of Mr. Peel, whilst it is a matter of astonish-
ment even to those who have throughout been most anxi-
ous to see the Borough emancipated from the state of vas-
salage in which it has too long lain, is also a source of
the proudest gratification to all who desire to assert their
independence, and to uphold the purity and freedom of
Election. We have heard nothing of late of the arrogant
but idle boasts that were made of two more candidates
being brought forward by the Noble Head of the House
of Berkeley, to contest the Divisions of the County. There
is a deep and a sound morality in the simple fable of " The
Dog and the Shadow," that we should suggest to the study
of those who contemplated such a project. Should the at-
tempt be made: the Noble Lord, who is considered as the
leader of the Liberal party in this County, may find that
it is entirely to the forbearance and moderation of the
Conservatives that his brother, Mr. Grantley Berkeley,
has hitherto owed his seat for the West, and his brother's
brother-in-law, Mr. Augustus Morton, his seat in the East.
But again we say, the Press has given the Monopoly its
death-blow,deatblow and
bowthe
the
ejoiocene atandit.';—he"otlleornoapreolye;tiaalnldy
creations of our injurious Contemporary.
MERIONETHSHIRE.--The Reform strength in this county
has been materially increased in the last registration, and
there is a fair and reasonable chance of beating the present
Tory Member, Mr. Richards, should a contest take place.
He seems to fear the result of another candidate coming
forward, as he has implicated himself in some intrigue -
re-
specting the Montgomery boroughs.
MERTHYR TYDVIL.—Mr. John Bruce Bruce, of Duff-
ryn has at last
.screwed his courage to the sticking point,
and has issued an address to the electors, in which he al-
ludes to Mr. Guest's standing for the county, although also
a candidate for Merthyr, boasts of his opposition to the
obnoxious clauses of the Poor-law Bill, and declares his
attachment to the British Constitution. The ex-police
Magistrate will not, however, be able to unseat that excel.
lent Reformer, Mr. Guest.—We have just learned that
Thomas Forman, Esq., partner in the Penydarran Iron
Works, is a candidate for MerthyrTydvil.
_ _

. .
MONTGOMERYSIIIRE.—The Right Hon. Charles Wynn
is unopposed, the Tory interest of the Wynne and Clive,
being paramount here.

MONTGOMERY BOROUGIIS.—The electors are firm and
decided in the support of Colonel Edwards, their present
independent Member ; and notwithstanding every exertion
of Mr. Pugh and his brother Tories, we are satisfied that
they will not go to the poll.
BRECONSIIIRE.—Major Gwynne Holford is prosecuting
his canvass on the Reform interest with the greatest spirit.
His manly and straightforward address has produced a
striking effect upon the electors, particularly the Dissenters.
In Builth, which was Colonel Wood's stronghold, the Major
has been promised almost every vote.
BaEcoN.—Mr. Lloyd of Dinas, who has come forward
to oppose the present Tory Member for this borough, is
making a most successful canvass.

ANGLESEA, COUNTY.-Mr.Stanley's re-election is placed
beyond a doubt.
BEAUMARIS.----It is generally believed that there will be
no opposition to the return of Captain Paget, the Reform
Member for this district of boroughs.
BEDFORDSHIRE.—Mr. Thornton Astell has announced
his intention to become a candidate for this county on the
Tory interest. All classes of Reformers have united to
secure the re-election of Lord Charles Russell ; and there
is no doubt of his Lordship being again returned at the
head of the poll.
DENBIGHSHIRE.—Mr. Biddulph contests the county on
the Reform interest against Sir W. W. Wynn, and Mr.
Bigot ; a second Reform candidate has been spoken of, but
not yet named.
DENBIGH.—For these boroughs Mr. Wilson Jones has
issued a most offensive and intolerant address, which has
roused the Reformers to a sense of the degradation of that
gentleman being able to style himself the Member for the
Denbighshire boroughs.

IRELAND.
In the Dublin Evening Post of Saturday last, the silly
challenge sent by a correspon of the Times to a con-
temporary, tauntingly asking TT) e her he could " produce
as many, or half as many, new candidates against sitting
Conservatives," or show a list of as many Conservatives re-
tiring as the man of the Times had contrived to trump up,
is accepted ; and a list is furnished, which must afford
most mortifying evidence to the Conservatives and their
advocates, of the hopelessness of their election prospects in
Ireland. The Tories will be beaten hollow. They will
in the next Parliament be a most insignificant and nn-
serable minority.

CONIMISSION OF LUNACY.—Yesterday, a Corn-
mission of lunacy was held at the Horns Tavern, Kennington,
before Commissioners Phillimore, Winslow, and Blount, to in-
quire into the state of mind of the Rev. W. Burnett, M. A.,
an inmate of a private lunatic asylum at Clapham. Dr. Bur-
roughs and also Dr. Burton having given evidence of the Rev.
Gentleman's state of mind, the Jury returned a verdict, " that
he had been of unsound mind since the Ist of December, 1536."

A Parliamentary Paper, just published states the
number of benefices in England in which the incumbents were
non-residents, in 1835, to have been 4,975. Of these, 2,017
were under 160/. a year; 730 between 150/. and 2001. ; 893
between 200/. and 300/. ; 1,302 above 300/. a year ; and of
38 is not Itno►vn.

EMIGRATION TO AMERICA.

PHILADELPHIA, JUNE 20.—My very heart bled as I
stood yesterday morning upon the wharf in this city and
saw a great number of British emigrants disembark from a
ship lying in the Delaware, knowing, as I do, that those
who have not brought the means of seeking their fortunes
in the far west, establishing themselves in a handicraft
trade, or maintaining their families until better times, will, in
the present state of this country, have to encounter the
miseries of poverty. Nor is this all. Popular prejudice is
every day becoming stronger and stronger against what is
called in inany.of the public journals " Foreign Pauper
Emigration." A majority of the American people com-
plain that their distresses will be aggravated by the
European kingdoms, and especially Great Britain, pour-
ing out their thousands of starving, idle, dissolute, and
criminal beggars—the sweepings of the gaols and work-
houses, and foisting them upon American charity,
filling the American cities with vagabonds and the
prisons with convicts. Remember this is not my lan-
guage, but the language of a portion of the press of
the republic—a press that is all-powerful in its influence
over public opinion. No wonder, then, that a hostile and
bitter feeling is engendered amongst the people against the
emigration of foreign poor. There is, however, a large
number of Americans whose opinions differ widely upon
this subject from those I have quoted, who see in these
importations a vast and valuable increase to the population
and strength of the country, and who do not believe that
many of those who come over in the emigrant ships arc, in
the strict acceptation of the term, paupers. But whether
they are or not, unless they have plenty of money, and
can, from their own resources, ward off the terrific evils of

idleness, starvation, and public disgrace—to be almost
pointed at in the streets—l should say, for the present by
all means stay away from this country 1 The general
feeling against destitute aliens has been increased by the
infamous conduct of the master of a British ship, the
Lock woods, who landed his passengers in Amboy instead
of New York, insultingly evaded the quarantine laws,
and sailed off with impunity for Quebec. This is not
the worst of the matter. Other ships have done the
same thing : and the poor emigrants who had paid their
"commutation money" in England (that is, about a dollar
and a half per head, which is handed over to the autho-
rities in New York, and frees them for admission to the
almshouse in the event of distress) are literally deprived of
these advantages, to which they have a right ; and if they
cannot get work, must starve in the fields or in the streets.
This is no overcharged picture. Remember that a panic
has swept like a hurricane over the commerce and industrial
pursuits of the United States—the last and most unex-
pected blow being a suspension of specie payments—an
event which, I firmly believe, was not seriously contem-
plated by any citizen of the Union two days before it took
place. The consequences of this calamity are, that many
thousands are thrown out of employ—the loom, the anvil,
the trowel, and the hammer are but little used, and, unless
there be speedily a change for the better, the miserable re-
sults will create a feeling of very dangerous character.
Judge, then, What, in such a case, would be the situation of
alien paupers.
My own personal impression is that the dangers of pau-
per emigration are much exaggerated by the American peo-
ple, for I do not believe that any great number of those
who land in this country are in a state of beggary. On the
contrary I feel convinced that more than one half of them
have plenty of money, and that at least two-thirds of the
remainder possess small sums, all of this too, in specie.
Within this week I have spoken to several captains of ves-
sels, who have traded to Liverpool, on the subject, and
they all agree in opinion that whenever 200 or 300 emi-
grants arrive, they bring many thousands of pounds ster-
ling to the country, in gold and silver. Besides, it should
be remembered that the New York alms-houses and hos-
pitals received in the year 1836 " commutation money "
from 60,541 passengers. Surely, therefore, it is by no
means a losing concern if out of so very large a number,
they have to support a few hundreds, or, as some reports
state, " upwards of 2,000 at the present time." That, how-
ever, is not the question. The Americans say they do
not want such people as paupers, and many say they will
not have them, and that laws must be made for prevent-
ing their admission. No one will dispute that every people
have a right to make laws for their own Government, and
if this be the will of the American people, as I have em-
phatically said, foreign paupers had better stay away. They
had better starve at home amongst friends than here among
strangers.

One grand reason of the prejudice that has been excited
against the English and Irish poor has been their very dirty
appearance when they land from those floating lazar-houses,
the speculating emigrant ships, that carry as many as they
can cram into their filthy steerages. Mark, Ido not in
these remarks include either packets or respectable merchant
vessels, but "emigrant ships," whose owners advertise by
placard on the walls of Dublin, Cork, Londonderry, Belfast,
Bristol, &c. The packet ships are, perhaps, the finest ves-
sels of their size in the world. Those which sail from this
port arc not to be surpassed, either for capabilities of sail-
ing, the comforts and luxuries of their cabins, or the accom-
modations for the poorer classes in the steerage. One great
advantage in their arrangement is, that they are never al-
lowed to carry many steerage passengers, the owners not
admitting more than are quite at their case as regards room
and sleeping.
Another reason is, and a very just one too, that thou-

sands who land in America rein= hulking in laziness,
dirt, and drunkenness in the great Atlantic cities, instead
of going back into the country. These, by their dissolute
habits, disgust the people, and often get, from their crimes,
committed to hard labour in the prisons. These, and I
may add, these only, are the " foreign paupers" whose want
of cleanliness and vagabond habits inspire national con-
tempt, if not hatred. Though not an American by birth,
I go heart and hand with the citizens of this republic in
preventing the admission of such people. They are a dis-
grace to any country, and, on this side the Atlantic, they
act as living curses in exciting prejudice against their in-
dustrious fellow-countrymen, who seek in a new world that
reward of honest labour which they cannot obtain in the old.
Of this class there are many disaffected demagogues, who, in-
stead of being grateful for the protection afforded them by
the government and people of America, arc constantly stir-
ring up discontent against the laws of this, their adopted
country, and disseminating principles of disorganization, sedi-
tion, and infidelity that would do honour to a Danton or a
Robespierre. Such men are impatient of all laws and go-
vernments, whether Republican or Monarchical. 'they own
no controul, save the unrighteous domination of their own
evil passions. During the last week about 300 Welch landed
in this city. How different was their conduct to that which
I have described! They did not remain three days in the
streets, were admired and respected for the decency of their
demeanour by the citizens, and as soon as their baggage
was cleared from the Custom-house they went at once back
to the mines of Pennsylvania, whither they were bound.
The very appearance of these hardy mountaineers, with
their pretty wives and children, has suddenly created a
great predilection here in favour of the Welch. I predict
they will prove a valuable and moral population in the in-
terior of this state, where their frugality and industry will
not fail to provide them with every comfort.
Pray understand distinctly, that there is no prejudice
here to industrious mechanics and labourers, although
poor. Quite the contrary. They are treated with con-
sideration and respect ; but at present there is nothing for
them to do, and being out of work, vagabondizing about
the Atlantic cities, they soon become the victims of bad
habits—as 'idle and drunker, as the degraded beings I
have already described. Therefore let such stay away
until there is a change in the country for the better.
be welcomed
burdensome with
upon
hivea rni se
f; but until
society—
and
suredlykrbe numberedyeaoltarks
nembtofewasnciogiti
edolsaifeyrt4sh:
onoaousneoidn numerous
oersrl
yaagar7enr
idovoeidon passengersfada utuirotiinu,
during
trlstcaral ai
anxiety
nhelmexl denl
eyyei progeny.
weekn
tttgwi i l mei be
al
I time Newtl
vhni fl
oother parts ! Can you, with such circum—
stances before you, wonder at the Americans feeling some
ywahnedn
s alarmueh onne
accounts
subjectts as
the? Certainlyfollowing, not—espe-
cially —h
which
p e
copy /it-ye/Loam from the New York Star, are arriv-
ing from all the manufacturing towns :—" The condi-
tion of Pittsburgh (the Birmingham of America, and in
the very heart of the rich west) is represented as truly de-
plorable ; two thousand poor females utterly destitute,
nearly all the operatives of the manufactories discharge
drafts which manufacturers had drawn from their sales
coming back protested from the west, journeymen car-
penters carrying the hod of bricklayers, and, indeed, ruin
and misery stalking abroad in every direction."
Let respectable and industrious mechanics remember that
the resources of America and the energies of her people
are inexhaustible. The country will speedily recover from
her present prostrate condition. Then let them come ;
they will be welcome. But until then let them by all that
is dear to themselves and their families, stay away. As a
proof of the positive necessity of their adopting such advice
as I now offer, no less than .200 emigrants were wino
enough to return last week from New York to England in
the ship Rajah, before their money was gone.
One word to the farmers. Cultivators of the soil, with
small capitals, could never have a more favourable oppor-
tunity for coming out than just now ; if they have only the
courage to leave the cities as soon as they disembark, and
go at once back into the western States. There they will
find the richest land in the world, on noble navigable rivers,
at prices so astonishingly cheap that I am almost ashamed
to quote them. I have been much in the west myself, and
speak from personal knowledge and observation ; and I re-
peat, that I do not believe there is finer or more productive
land on the face of the globe than in Indiana, Illinois, Mis-
souri, Wiscogsia, Michigan, &c.

Large capitalists, too, who are enamoured of American
speculations, would find it greatly to their advantage to
invest during the present scarcity of money—whether on
oan for interest, in merchandise, or the purchase of land.
To prevent the excessive and overwhelming immigration
of foreign paupers (I mean the idle and dissolute), to which
I have referred, various measures have been proposed,
and prevented they will be most assuredly. The mayor
and council of New York talk of charging ten dollars
a-head, " commutation money," which is now under con-
sideration, and, perhaps, ere a few more days have passed
away will be carried into effect. The captains, mates,
mates, and owners of ships who have so disgracefully vio•
lated the quarantine laws, and landed their passengers
without permission, will be prosecuted and brought to con-
dign punishment ; and Mr. Buchanan, the British consul,
has, in the most praiseworthy manner, interfered to prevent
a recurrence of such injury and insult to the laws of Ame-
rica. The best remedy yet proposed is from the mind and
pen of Colonel Webb, editor of the New "Pork courier
and Inquirer, and consists of'a recommendation that no
emigrant shall be allowed to laud in this country without
a passport from the American Consul at Liverpool, or
whatever other port he may sail from, which Consul shall
either require security for his good behaviour, or satisfac-
tory evidence that he is a fit and proper person to be ad-
mitted into the republic.
I know the perverseness of human nature sufficiently,
as I imagine, to be aware that many who have made up
their minds to emigrate to this country will, on reading
what I have written on the subject—to them the most
important subject of their lives—exclaim, ' Oh, what he
writes may be all very well ; but it is merely his view of
the matter : besides, he is evidently biassed by prejudice,
and does not give a dispassionate and impartial account.
Let such persons come over here and try. They will soon
find their mistake. But as I like to do good to obstinate
people in spite of themselves, I will only ask them to throw
my advice overboard as nothing worth, and content them-
selves with reading the opinions of the American papers
on the subject, a few of which I have inclosed for your
examination in this letter.