The Sun.
London, England, 1830-01-27 00:00:00

SWAN RIVER.

Intelligence has this morning been received at
the Colonial-office, from Lieutenant-Governor
STIRLING, dated Cockburn Sound, Sept. 9.
This intelligence, we are happy in being able to
state, is of a very satisfactory nature. Colonel
STIRLING states that the new colony at the
Swan River is progressively improving, and that
most cheerful confidence then existed amongst
the Colonists respecting the good qualities and
advantages of the Settlement, and a general
belief of ultimate success, although :he admits
that the general fertility of the soil had
been -somewhat exaggerated. We can fur-
ther add that with the exception of the Marquis
of Anglesea merchant ship being stranded in
Gage's Roads, there is not a word of truth in
the gloomy reports set afloat a fey days since.
In addition to the above accounts received
by Government, Mr. Under-Secretary Twlss
has received a confidential and private letter from
Capt. DANCE, R.N. which fully bears out the
foregoing statement.
The following was written before we received
the above official communication :

We are happy to be able, in a great measure,
to relieve the anxiety felt by the public with re-
spect to the condition of the Colonists at Swan
River. We understand that their situation is
not at all so unfavourable as at first represented,
though it is far from enviable. The following
is a letter received this morning from a gentle-
'llan who had just arrived at the Colony, and
Which is of later date than the previous accounts :

" Swan River, Sept. 19, 1529.
"We arrived hers on the sth ult. There is no har-
bour but a roadstead, and the place at which we anchored
is much exposed to the north-west. We could not go
tearer the shore than two miles, for fear of running aground.
This was the ease with the Parnzelia, which was much
dam2gs4l. We were told that there were six feet water on
the Bar ; but there is sometimes only one foot, and never
more than three feet. The river is very difficult of navi-
gation, as it frequently becomes shallow water immediately
You get out of two or three fathoms. This is the case
with the city of Perth, where the town is to be formed.—
We experienced much trouble in getting the goods from
~" slip : our men worked like slaves ; the distance front
" beach to the spot where our tents arc pitched being a
I.ll4ter of a mile, and up hill. I presented the letter of
totroduction to the Governor, who
received me very po-
'ilY• The Marquis of Anglesea was run ashore, and
Mast he sold for the benefit of the underwriters. The
Culista lost three anchors, and was nearly experiencing
the Mule fate as the Marquis of Anylesca."
TUE FOLLOWING Is ANOTHEIC ACCOUNT.

THZ SWAN /RIVER tiETTLEIIKST.
I, Additional advice, have come to hand this morning
:41 the new settlement on the Swan River, which, we
haPpy to state, are of a favourable character, and
collPlettly contradict the statements given two days since,
/`) the settlers being in a starving and wretched condi-
-1
1 14441' The advices of to-day are dated subsequently to
f:l9th of September, and mention that a town had been
ku-ed by the settlers who arrived out in the Parmelea
Z%secs, on the banks of the Swan River, and that
.). Nog was going on as favourably as could be ex-
-4-4' Government, it is understood, have despatches
n 43' from Captain Starling. The severe gale which had
_eetlr
r"I off the coast, had damaged the two vessels named
,4"e' t's well as occasioning the loss of the Marquis of
49.1esea, whose cargo, however, it was expected would
7 Mrs& The Parrudia had lost her rudder, and the
te'l
0 two anchors. The entrance to the River is still
riFto be very had at the season when the vessels ar-
el Letters have been received to-day from several
q`te settlers, by their friends in London ; and two or
t
of the Members of the Stock Exchange have accounts
from
olle of the former Members of the House.

w as MAJEsTY will hold a Privy Council at
IleNsor Castle to-morrow, when it is ex-
ttlcted Mr. HERMES will receive his appoint-
Alelit as President of the Board of Trade. The
4rcluis of CUANDOS is also expected to be

sworn in m Master of the Mint, in the room of

Mr. HERRIES.

Mr. HusKissox arrived in town this morn-
ing from the seat of Earl COWPER. To-mor-
row the Right Hon. Gentleman will join a shoot-
ing party at Prince LEoPoLD's.

The following arc extracts from:Frankfoit Pa-
pers of the 29th inst. received this morning.
There seems to be an understanding between
almost all the States of Europe as to a reduction
in the rate of interest derivable from public se-
curities:—

ST. PZTIRSRUILGY, JAN. 6.

Rv
an Ukase of Dee. 12, addressed to the Senate, his
Nitj,,sty the Emperor has ordered a new coin of platina to
be issued ; it is to be of tho value of six rubles, and of the
size of a silver half-ruble.

The last number of the Memoirs of the Scientific Com-
mittee of the General Staff' of the Imperial Navy con-
tains the enumeration of the men.of- war, &c. of the dif-
ferent rates which were launched at St. Petersburgh,
Cronstadt, Okhta, Archangel, and Astrachan, in the year
1828, viz., four ships of the line, four frigates, six brigs,
one schooner, one gun-boat, one sloop, five steam-boats--in
all 23.

The commercial intercourse of our country with Bu-
charia, Khiva, Kokand, Tashkend, and the Kirghese
Steppe, deserves the particular attention of our manufac-
turers, as it offers an advantageous market. The inhabi-
tants of Bucharia, especially the poor classes, employ in
their dress only the manufactures of the country,
for they would consider it as a profanation to
wear things manufactured by foreigners ; but this
prejedice is disappearing among the tich and superior
classes, who have become familiar with European manners,
aid begin to use foreign manufactures in their clothing,
most of which they obtain from Russia. They receive
from Cabul shawls, from Russia sugar, wrought metals,
cloth, calicoes, silks, leather, colour, glass, mirrors, and
almost all articles in daily use ; they barter cattle with the
Kirghis ; spirituous liquors are not admitted : they are
very fond of good watches.
The inhabitants of Khiva arc inferior to them in trade
and civilization ; they receive the most necessary articles
from Russia, but in smaller quantities, and of inferior
quality ; they also traffic with Kashgar Tashkend, Balkh,
Cabo!, and the Kirghes.
The trade of Kokand and Tashkend may be considered as
a transit for China and the neighbouring countries ; for
the Chinese have for some time past given up all direct
intercourse with Bucharia and the other coun-
tries of central Asia. Russia exports to them
through the eastern houses of Siberia, or by
Troctak iron and other goods; the same as to Bucharia.
The Kirghis, who have only raw materials, obtain by way
of barter from their Asiatic neighbours, but in a still
greater quantity from Russia, all the articles that they re.
quire for their clothing.

MUNICH, JAN. 15.
The King is again able to leave his bed, and it is hoped
that his 31ajesty will be sufficiently' recovered to honwir
with his presence the grand ball which is shortly to be
given at Court.

All our papers are filled with details of the happy arri-
val of her Majesty the Empress in Brazil. The public
take great interest in the event, which is so agreeable to
the Royal Family. His Majesty has been pleased to re-
solve, with the advice of the Commissioners of the States,
that all the public debt !Taring interest at 5 per cent.
shall he redeemed, and either paid off, o-, at the option of
the holders, converted into 4 per cent. stock.

VIENNA, JAN. 13.

The Bank Committee has fixed the dividend fur the
second six months of the year 1329, at 33 florins per
share.

FRANKFORT, JAN. 19.—Exchange on Londou—T wo
months, 1501.

If the subject were not too serious and too
melancholy, it would be ludicrous to see the Mad
Doctors themselves displaying the same symp-
toms and conduct which they unhesitatingly
pronounce evidence of madness in others.--
Every Mad Doctor constantly repeats (and the
whole fraternity echo the sound) that a person
may be sane on all subjects save one,—touch
upon that, and he is immediately insane. We
incline to believe there may sometimes be some-
thing like truth in the assertion, since Mad
Doctors in their own persons afford the strongest
illustration of it. Only let the possibility be
suggested to a Mad Doctor that a man is mad,
and he instantly displays that perversion of mind,
which in any other person he would digr.ify or

mystify with the name of a delusion, and finds

conclusive evidence of insanity in every look,
word, and gesture, however rational or innocent.
It is curious, it is instructive, to observe the
ardent pertinacity with which in such case a
Mad Doctor always insists a man is mad,—and
swears it—and the zeal and ardour with which

the whole pack join in the cry, and swear it
also,—that is when there are friends and funds to.
pay for incarcerating a victim—" Though this be

" madness, yet there's method in't." DAVIS s
Lunacy Commission affords ample evidence of
t his,—nay, such is the anxiety to pounce upon their
prey, that a single Mad Doctor, on the represen-
tation of an interested party (backed, of
course, by a proper and proportionate fee)
of his sole authority, without any examina-
tion, and in direct violation of a posi-
tive enactment, will not scruple to sign a certi-
ficate, and send his keepers to kidnap the object,
who, there is much reason to fear, has seldom
the good fortune to escape—and once entrapped,

is pre3ently excluded from the world, the world

from him, without an opportunity to complain of
his wrongs, or means of redress. The Mad
Doctor tells the Commissioners he is mad,—
the Commissioners (who were formerly all
Doctors) politely believe it, and the victim is
generally incarcerated, as long as it is worth
while for any friend with his money to pay the
Mad Doctor for his incarceration, or till death
relieves him from his sufferings! !

In the late case of BARKER and others v.
FIELD, the ATTORNEY-GENERAL remarked

that " it was a maxim among persons of this
" description, that a man who had o:►ce been in
" Bedlam was not fit to be let out, unless
" lie acknowledged he had Leen mad. That
" was a maxim that formed part of the medical
" jurisprudence of all mad-houses."

The fbllowing extract from the minutes of
evidence before the Committee of the House of

Commons in 1815, slims at once the little
chance there is of a sane man, shut up, escaping
from the fangs of the Mad Doctors, and the
baleful operation of the doctrine adverted to by
the ATTORNEY-GENLRAL, acted upon by tilt
Commissioners formerly appointed by the Col-

'ege of Physicians to visit the receptacles.
Act of 9th George IV., h&mever, wisely and
humanely took the nomination of these Com-
missioners from the College and vested it in the
SECRETARY of STATE, but the Legislature
must do more, much more, to protect the public
from the daring machinations of Mad Doctors,
who are far more dangerous, and whom the
community have far more reason to dread than
the wildest lunatics :

" It may be necessary to state to the Corn-
" mittee a case which has come particulath
" under my consideration ; the case of the R€v.
" CHARLES CHAWNER, who was confined it
" that house (WAnßunToN's), during seven
" years, and in whose liberation I was instru-
" mental. There were great difficulties in find-
" ing any attorney who would take up such a
" cause; it was retnsed over and over again by
" different attoruics, on account of the un-
-46 certainty of payment ; and it was taken up
" by the mere chance of meeting with an at-
" torney going into my brother's chambers with
" a brief, who said that he would undertake to
" effect the liberation of Mr. CHAWNER; this
" he accomplished by a trick, for he laid a plan
" for Mr. CHAINNER to go to an oculist,
" where he was sent in a hackney-coach, with a
" keeper. Mr. CHAwNER asked the keeper to
" let him drive to the house of a friend, and he
" went to the house of the attorney, who took
" him in, and shut the doors upon the keeper.
During the time of his con inement,for many
" years, he had constantly and reiteratedly ap-
,,

plied to the Commissioners appointed by the
" College Qf Physicians to visit that house, for
" his liberation, and he has stated to me that the
" ONLY TERMS upon which they would allow
" him to go out, was, TfIAT OF ACKNOW-

" LEDGING HIMSELF TO HAVE BEEN INSANE.
" After his liberation Mr. WARBURTON ap-
" plied, by a writ of Habeas Coyus, against the
" attorney to bring him up to the Court of
" King's Bench, which was answered by Mr.
" CHAWNER being set by the side of his Coup-
" sel, Mr. JEKYLL, to be dealt with as the
" Court might direct. Lord ELLENBOROUGII
" said, in the first instance, that he must return
" to the place from whence he escaped, but Mr.
" WAHBuuToN said he could not take him in
" without a certificate, which Mr. PARK ap-
" plied to Lord ELLENBOROUGII to sign ; but
" as the Act of Parliament directs that none
" but a medical man could sign a certificate,
" Lord ELLENBOROUGH refused to do so, but
" directed Mr. JEKYLL to desire that Mr.
" CHAWNER'S attorney should find a certificate
"of his insanity. Mr. JEKYLL said he stood
" there to shew that Mr. CHAWNER was sane,
" and therefore could not be a party to sign a
" certificate that be was otherwise. Mr.
CIIAWNER then volunteered to go from one

term to the next into Doctor SUTHERLAND'S

house, and, in the ensuing term again v-
.' peared in the Court of King's Bench, with
affidavits from Doctor SUTHERLAND, and
I various physicians, of his being perfectly sane,
' and amongst others of Sir LUCAS PEPYs,
who himself had been a visiting Commis-
' sioner, and had frequently refused his Übe-
' ration when applied to. The result was, that
hc was set at liberty and returned to his
living in Derbyshire."

The case of Mr. DAvis, that of Mr. AN-
DERDON, that of the Rev. Mr. CHAWNER,
above set forth, and that of Mr. ACRES, (a son
confined in a Receptacle at Hoxton by his father,
but who Doctor M'MICHAEL ,—not a Recep-
tacle Doctor, in his affidavit swears is sane,
which was heard before the LORD CHAN-
CELLOR on Monday last,) all shew the facility
with which a sane man may be shut up as
lunatic, and the difficulty, amounting in most
cases to impossibility, of his procuring h is libera-
tion. The public, we apprehend, are not at all
aware of the extent of the evil. In Eng-
land there are at this moment sonic THOU-
SANDS ofpersons shut up as lunatic, one half of
whom, were there a re gular Receptacle delivery
before a competent Court and Jury, would pro-
bably be found ai fit to be at large as one half
the world that is so.

Many of the London Papers, in alluding to
the recent meeting of Agriculturists at Doncas-
ter, " to consider the present distressed state of
the country," have represented Mr. GALL/.
KNIGHT as concurring with the rest of the meet-
ing in the petition. We have authority to state,
that so far from this being the case, Mr. KNIGHT
solely went to the meeting to express his non-
concurrence, and spoke, to leave no doubt as to
his sentiments ; and towards the conclusion of
a speech interrupted by considerable applause,
made use of (as nearly as we can recollect) the •
following words :

" The landowner and farmer were not the drones of the
earth, as had been represented, but capitalists and opera-
tives, who venture their labour and wealth in commercial
speculations of a particular kind. The landowner, like the
merchant, ventured his capital in useful undertakings, and
was fully entitled to a fair profit on the money laid out.
The farmers deserve as much protection as any class in the
state. It appeared to hint, that the best means of lighten-
ing the pressure on all the productive classes, would be by
the commutation of the assessed taxes, and such as stood
most in the way of industry and enterprise, for a moderate
and well regulated property tax.—(Loud cheers, and
cries of " Bravo.") He knew that a property.
tax was unpopular—he
.was glad to be informed
unpopularity was a proof
by the cheers of the meeting that it was less unpopular
of a Ll' efaiii:..ndel-PP:sepdr—ooirthvaetlYit would reach every one
alike. A Property Tax would be levied on the funds,
which do nothing to the State.—(llear, hear.) It would
reach the absentees, who escape from lending their assist-
moe to tail country ; and, having accessito thce4 resouroes,

qovernmi be enabled to spread the load mer
i wider s,t. Lice, and lighten it on all the produe-
ire elasi,es, w!,,, ara now almost overwhelmed.-
1t the same time it would be very right to require th
'very retrene'anisot ,d,oltid lie a !opted, so as to make OA
Property Tax as moderate as possible.—(Loud applause.)"

We have received this afternoon some proof
sheets of Mr. BUCKINGHAM'S new " Oriental
Quarterly Review," but from the pressure of
other matter and the lateness of the hour, we
ire unable to make any extracts to-day.