The Sun.
London, England, 1839-08-20 00:00:00

slaves came in turn, and prostrated themselves at the
feet of the Sultan. During the ceremony, young Cir-
cassian
girls showered handfuls of sequins in the apart-
ment in such profusion that it became difficult to walk
in it, the feet slipping from treading on them. When
all the fair recluses of the harem had paid their tribute
of homage to the Sultan, Mines. Duz did the same,
and afterwards attempted to kiss the feet of her who
had become the companion of the Grand Seignor, but
she resisted until the Sultana Valide desired hr to ac-
cept this act of homage, as being due to her station.
She then submitted, but with a timidity which made
the Sultan smile. On taking leave of the Sultana Va-
lide, Mmess. Duz each received a salver of silver gilt,
with six stands for cups in chased gold, enriched with
diamonds, and a casolette for perfume of the same
metal. The Sultana also presented to all a handker-
chief containing 1,000 piastres in gold coin, recommend-
ing that they should be carefully preserved, in com-
memoration of the accession of their sovereign to the
throne."

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF

CHARTISM.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR,—In times like these I hold it to be the duty of
man, however humble his station in society, to come every
forward and lend a helping hand in administering relief
to the sickened minds of the people.
With a population disaffected almost to rebellion,
commerce sunk nearly to depression's lowest point—
Government enfeebled by the sordid and conflicting
interests of the different classes who require, and who
ought to seek its fostering care—it is our duty to seek
diligently for the immediate causes of these complicated
evils.
That there is no effect without its cause is a truism
universally admitted ; and the philanthropic mind cannot
quietly contemplate the existing and most lamentable
state of our people, without endeavouring to trace its
sources, and as far as possible to alleviate their dis-

tresses.
To what cause then are we to attribute this painful
state of things? Why; is it, possible that the people
can be so easily brought under the damning influence of
political demagogues, and mental incendiaries ? For
this very simple reason, that they are not better taught,
and grave and solemn as the charge is, at the feet of
the Clergy of this nation, Catholic, Protestant, and
Dissenting, do I lay the miseries that are now afflicting
its people.
I will not attempt to sketch all the varieties of cha-
racter in which these gentlemen appear, a few will suf-
fice. There is the Unitarian with his cold philosophy,
and doubting inquisitiveness ; the Calvinist with his
election and reprobation, offering himself to
the view of his fellow-creatures as a superior
specimen of the Almighty's workmanship, and ac-
companying his presumption with " Stand by, for
I am holier than thou ;" the Methodist proclaiming
universal love to God and man, yet giving the lie to
his professions, by his puny efforts to repress the human
intellect, unless its expansion be accompanied by John
Wesley's declaration of the superiority of faith over
works ; linked in a conferential band of union, and
arrogating all but the powers of Omnipotence —the
" Church of England " men, who, under the patronage
and support of Henry the Eighth (by the grace of --
defender of adultery,) first robbed the Catholics of their
money and their churches, and have ever since been
calling them hard names, and even denying them salva-
tion; backed and supported by all the powers of State, and
the undignifyingaristocracy of riches; from the fat Bishop
with his 20,0001. per annum, down to the lean and hard-
working curate, who is driven to eke out his wretched
pittance of " forty pounds per year," in any way he can,
and yet to appear respectable, clothed in black cloth,
and self-importance, holding themselves too far aloof
from the people with whom they ought to live, and
whom they ought to love ; the Catholic priest, lament-
ing that his light of other days is faded, and nearly all
its glory past,—who prides himself in defeating to the
full extent of his ability the purposes of his Maker, by
denying himself the enjoyments of domestic happiness,
and refusing to " go forth and multiply,"—clairiiing to
be the lineal, but of course illegitimate decendants of
a man who they tell us never had a wife, and proclaim-
ing that without the pale of his Church there is no
eternal joy ; and, last of all, we have the de-
mure Quaker, with his extraordinarily large bump
of acquisitiveness, his bleached countenance evincing to
the world that he and enjoyment are not very well ac-
quainted, and cannot agree, who says he only speaks
when the Spirit moves, and who does little except what
either immediately or remotely conduces to his wealth.
Such are some of the guiding influences under which
the minds of the people are trained ; and can it be won-
dered at that they produce so much obliquity ?
Open your churches and chapels on the week days as
well as on the Sundays, and let the buildings be applied
to useful purposes—to the instruction of youth as well
as of maturity—mix more with the people—visit them
in their garrets and in their cellars—support the weak
and feeble—string up the energies of the strong—incite
to virtue more by the exhilirating hopes of heaven, and
less by the degrading fears of hell—cease your bickerings
about creeds and articles of faith of man's wisdom—tell
them, as Jesus did, that the whole of the law and the
Prophets consists in loving God with all the soul, and
all the strength, and their neighbours as themselves, and
you will thus prove that you have some sympathy with
the people. You will teach them the extreme folly of
pursuing unattainable objects, whether social or politi-
cal. You will disarm Robert Owen of his costly powers
of delusion, by showing them that to establish socialism,
he must re-create creation—that so long as men's bodies
are of unequal size, there will be inequalities of mental
power, and by consequence inequalities of station and
possessions.
By conduct such as this you will for ever extinguish
Chartism, and you will soon see a really Christian
Church established, not by law, requiring the protection
of soldiers and swords and bayonets, and such scenes
as occurred at Rathcormac, but established and living
in the hearts, the hopes, and the affections of a virtuous
people—their country's highest pride and brightest
glory.

Yours, faithfully,
JOSEPH JOHNSON
69, Vine-street, Cambridge-street,
Liverpool, Aug. 18, 1839.

MR. WARBURTON AND THE CON
STABULARY BILL.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR,—We are extremely sorry to find by your paper
of the 14th inst., that our respected Member, Mr. War-
burton, supported Ministers on the County and Dis-
tricts Constables Bill.
We should have felt better pleased with him to have
found his name in the minority with his old friends,
Hume, Grote, and Wakley, than to have found him
supporting a Ministry, who cannot keep their places
without a police force, and an increase in the army, to
prevent the people openly and fairly discussing their
grievances.
Mr. Warburton would not have done so seven years
ago in the agitation of the mis-named Reform Bill.
We are, Sir,
Six OF Ma. WARBURTON'S CONSTITUENTS.
Bridport, Aug. 15.

GREAT WESTERN AND BRITISH
QUEEN.