The Sun.
London, England, 1839-12-07 00:00:00

LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 7, 18 ,9.

P ÜBLI CATIO N S.

On January Ist will be publish-d, price Is., handsomely printed
in medium Bro., the First Number of
fl o 0 R J A C K.
By CAPTAIN MARRYAT,
Author of " Peter Simple," &e.
With Illustrations by Clarkson Stanfield,
To be completed in Twenty Monthly Numbers.
London : Longman, Orme, and Co.
ARTS, 'MANUFACTURES; AND MINES.
This day is published, in One thick Volume, Evo., illustrated
with 1,241 EnoTavings on Wood, price 50:3. cloth lettered,
1)R. URI'S DICTIONARY of ARTS,
MANUFACTURES, and MINES; containing a
clear Exposition of their Principles and Practice.
" A great boon to the British Manufacturing public."—
Athenseum. .

" The work should lie on the desk of every counting-house
and warehau.e in the kingdom, side by side with M'Culloch's
" Dictionary of Commerce.' "—Glasgow Chronicle.
*r r Subscribers are requested to complete their copies, as
there are but few of the separate parts remaining on hand.
London : Longman, Orme, and Co.

HORNE TOOKE'S DIVERSIONS OF PURLEY.
In One Volume, Octavo,Price 14s. cloth boards,
E ILEA lITEPOENTA ; or, the Diversions
of Purley,
By JOHN HORNE TOOKE; •
With numerous Additions from the Copy prepared by the
Author for republication; to which is annexed his Letter to
John Dunning Esq. A New Edition, revised and corrected,
with additional Notes by RICHARD TAYLOR, F.S.A.,
F. L. S.
London : Printed for Thomas Tegg, 73, Cheapsde.

WESTMINSTER.

NOTICE is hereby given, that the next GE-
NERAL QUARTER SESSION of the PEACE,
for the CITY and LIBERTY of WESTMINSTER, in the
County of Middlesex, will be held on MONDAY, the 23d day of
December inst., at Ten o'clock in the Forenoon precisely, at the
Guildhall, in the Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, and that the
business relating to the application of the County Stock, or
Rate, for Middlesex, at such Session, will commence on FRI-
DAY, the 10th day of January next, at Two o'clock in the
Afternoon precisely.
JOHN P. GYLBY, Deputy Clerk of the Peace.
Dated this 7th day of December, 1839.

THE PROTESTANT KING OF

PRUSSIA.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,—In looking over your last evening's quotations
from the public press, I remarked one from the Stand-
ard, in which the King of Prussia is held up to the
admiration of the world as the supporter of liberty of
conscience, and as the head of the universal Protestant
cause, in consequence of his having given shelter to the
outcasts of Zillerthal, &c.

Let him enjoy all the merit due to him for this and
all his other acts in support of the right to think freely ;
but before the followers of the Standard venture to ad-
dress him by the somewhat sarcastic title of head of the
universal Protestant cause, they would do well to en-
quire not only concerning his interference with the Ca-
tholic Bishops of Cologne and Posen, but to examine a little
into his right to dictate to Protestants the exact mea-
sure of faith, and the exact forms and discipline that
they shall conform to under penalty of his displeasure.
As it is possible that the eclat of the King of Prussia's
conduct towards the Catholics may have prevented the
Editor of the Standard from paying attention to his other
acts, it may be well to state for his information that in
Prussia and other parts of Germany there are two kinds
of Lutherans, or rather two Protestant sects which call
themselves Lutherans ; one being the real Lutherans,
holding to the same doctrines as were maintained by
Luther, and the other being what they call Reformed
Lutherans. This latter sect is comparatively of late
date, but it is now the most numerous in Prussia, and
to it belongs the King. As is the case with all military
despots, he looks upon the mind as equally subject to
obedience and to discipline as the body ; and as there is
one code of law and one system of tactics for the army,
he resolved there should be but one faith and one way
of thinking among his Protestant subjects. He there-
fore issued an order that all Lutherans should become
Reformed Lutherans. Some of the real Lutherans
being of the opinion maintained by the Franciscans at
the Council of Trent—" Che un uomo non puo credere
quel che vaole ma cio che gli par vero"—(that a man
cannot believe what he likes, but what appears to him
true)—declined complying with this royal order for
unanimity, especially as not they, but the others, were
the schismatics. The consequence has been a terrible
persecution, to avoid which upwards of two thousand of
the non-conformists h we lately emigrated to America,
wiu they have purchased land in the West, and are
now expecting several thousands more of their persecuted
compatriots. When this is put into the balance against
the reception given to the Zillerthal exiles, it will not
weigh much in the Pt ussian King's favour, even as the
champion of Protestantism. It is an ill wind, however,
that blows nobody good ; and as religious intolerance
was one of the chief incitements to the first colonising

America, so at the present day does America owe much
of her increasing wealth and strength to the persecuting
spirit of Kings, and still more to the domineering and
grinding propensities of the Protestant hierarchy in Ire-
land. I remain,

Friday Morning.

A 'PROTESTANT.

KENSINGTON PETTY SESSIONS

Thursday Mr. Jame' StTitin, a gentlemen about 60
years of age, residing at Frolick Cottage, Turnham-
green, was brought before the Magistrates, in the cus-
tody of Police-constable Champion, T 89, under the
following circumstances :

Mr. Ball, of the Roebuck Tavern, Turnham-green,
deposed that defendant had been in the habit of coming
into his coffee-room at least 20 or 30 times a-day, in-
quiring for so many newspapers. On the previous
night he disturbed all the company, who told complainant
they would leave the house unless he turned defendant
out. Complainant went up to him to do so, but defen-
dant instantly seized the poker, and made a desperate
blow at the complainant, who, however, managed to
evade it. Defendant then left the house. Defendant
was, in his opinion, decidedly insane. He had some
time since been down to Windsor, and had, by his en-
deavours to force an interview with the Queen, occa-
sioned considerable annoyance at the Castle, and he was
subsequently sent to his residence at Turnham-green
in the custody of the Windsor superintendent of police.
Defendant—That's all a tissue of falsehoods. What
has this to do with the Queen ?

On further investigation it appeared from the state-
ment of his sister that he had not been right in his
mind of late, when he was held to bail, himself in 401.
and two sureties in 20/. each.

MRS. TROL LOPE'S " MICHAELARMSTRONG."
—The numerous readers who have sympathised with
the fortunes of the poor Factory Boy, so touchingly ,
and eloquently narratoi by this distinguished and phi-
lanthropic writer, will learn with satisfaction that the
work is to be published complete in three volumes, on
the 9th inst. Whatever opinions may have been ex-
pressed as to Mrs. Trollope's treatment of this difficult
and delicate subject, no one can deny that her very
errors " lean to virtue's side." A writer of fiction can-
not be expected to display the accuracy of the historian,
or the minute research of the statistical inquirer, but
Mrs. Trollope has employed all the energies of her
powerful mind in placing before the public the extraor-
dinary revelations which have, during the progress of
the work, excited so much pity and astonishment.
However she may have been charged with exaggera-
tion, at the least the noble object she has had in view
fully justifies the means she has taken to aid the cause
of the helpless, the innocent, the oppressed.
THE NEW NOVELS.—MT. Colima., of Great
Marlborough-street, has just published the following
new works of fiction, which can now be had at all the
libraries :-1. Preferment, by Mrs. Gore, 3 vols.-
2. The Romance of Private Life, by Miss Burney,
3 vols.-3. Viola, the Affianced, 1 vol.-4. Little Ped-
lington and the Pedlingtonians, by John Poole, Esq.,
author of Paul Pry, 2 vols.-5. Morton of Morton's
Hope, an Autobiography, 3 vols.-6. Temptation, or a
Wife's Perils, 3 vols.-7. Fair Rosamond, or the Days
of King Henry 11., by the author of Royston Gower,
3 vols.-8. The Lion, a Tale of the Coteries, 3 vols.
9. The Banished, edited by James Morier, author
of Hajji Baba, &c., in 3 vols.—and 10. Gurney Mar-
ried, a Sequel to Gilbert Gurney, by Theodore Hooke,
Esq., 3 vols,
Dr. Samuel Butler (the late Bishop of Lichfield)
had distinguished himself as a scholar while presiding
for several years over Shrewsbury school. He did not
long
promotion, having only been consecrated
n
There was no immediate reason to fear the
fatal
nation of his Lordship's illness, as a letter in
his own handwriting, was received by a gentleman in
town on Tuesday last, and contained only a general re-
lgB enjoy3te6r. m his i
terence to his ill health. The late Bishop, we believe,
has left a widow.

RIOTS AT NEWPORT.

EXAMINATION OF WM. DAVIES.—CHARGE
AGAINST MR. TODD, THE PORTUGUESE
CONSUL AT CARDIFF.
NEWPORT, THURSDAY NIGHT.
I send you a report of the evidence against Mr.
Davies, the young man whom it will he recollected was
taken in the house of his uncle, the Rev. Mr. Davies,
of Canterbury. There has been an inve,tigation at
Cardiff to-day, of a charge against the Portugese Con-
sul, Mr. Todd, on suspicion of his having aided Ze.•
phaniah Williams in his attempt to escape, but as I ex-
pected the case of Davies would prove of considerable
interest I did not go over. I have, however, procured
the following, information from- a source on which I can
rely. Stockdale, the Cardiff superintendent of police,
repeated the testimony with respect to the capture
of Zephaniah Williams on board the Vintage, and
the fact of Mr. Todd being also on board, and of
a card with Mr. Todd's address being found on the
person of Williams, and also his having some
Spanish dollars. On the part of Mr. Todd the Ma-
gistrates called Mr. Todd's servant, who proved
that Williams jumped into his boat, and induced him to
take him on board the Vintage, and that his master
was waiting to be brought on shore, as he had been
out, as was the custom at tide time, on board the Por-
tuguese vessels, and that his master did not speak to
or see Williams at all—that the captain of the vessel
allowed Williams to remain on an excuse that he could
not get on shore, and Mr. Todd was obliged to remain
on board all night, as the boat was aground immediately
after his servant came on board the Vintage. The
Magistrates said there was nothing at present to impli-
cate Mr. Todd, but the circumstances were so suspi-
cious that they felt themselves bound to hold him to
bail, himself in 3001., and two sureties of 1501. each.
Bail was immediately procured.

THURSDAY—FURTHER EXAMINATIONS.
Magistrates present, the Rev. James Coles, chair-
man ; the Mayor, Octavius Morgan, George Hall, and
William Brewer, Esqrs.
The first case called on was that of William Davies,
who was remanded on Friday. The charge was for
high treason and sedition, but Mr. Phelps, on the part
of the prosecution, withdrew that charge, and should
give evidence against the prisoner for the crimes of con-
spiracy and riot.
William Harris sworn—l am a collier, and remember
the Sunday before the riot. There were a good many
men about Blackwood. I was not down at the riots. I
was at home on the Sunday until evening. I went down
to the Coach and Horses. I was forced to go. The
Coach and Horses is on the bottom of the Blackwood,
and kept by Richard Pugh. When I went down it was
seven o'clock, and dark. Ido not know who forced me
to go down. I was asked to come, and I was afraid to
deny, for there were so many people there. Some of
them had sticks. I know John Frost. I know the
prisoner William Davies. He lives up in the Black-
wood with his father, who keeps a shop there. I saw
John Frost at the Coach and Horses on the Sunday.
I saw the prisoner there. I saw John Frost by the
door and the prisoner with him. They were speaking,
but I do not know what they said.
John Holman Evans sworn—l am an attorney, now
residing at Newport. I examined William Harris yes-
terday and the day before. He appeared to understand
what he said when examined. He appeared to be per-
fectly sober. I took it down in writing, and this is the
paper which I took down. I afterwards read it over to
him and stopped at the end of the sentences, and he
desired no alteration.

The paper was here put in and read, as follows :
" William Harris, lives next door to the George Inn,
Blackwood. In the employ of Mr. Powell, of the
Brynn. About seven o'clock on Saturday evening,
the 3d November, I was standing opposite to the Coach
and Horses public-house, Blackivood, I saw a num-
ber of people standing about the Coach and Horses.
They were armed with various weapons ; some had
guns, many had mandrills. I saw among them
Mr. Davies, the son of Mr. Roger Davies, shop-
keeper, of Blackwood. He was standing at the door.
I heard him say to the men there, more than once,
Why, you are enough to eat Newport.' Mr. Frost
also stood on the step of the door close to Davies. I
am sure they were both speaking to the mob, though I
could not hear what they said. There was light enough
for one to see Frost and Davies plainly. I was there
about ten minutes, and then walked away up the tram-
road, with my wife, when I was met by another gang,
who pressed me, and made me go with them. I went
with them first to the Greyhound (Pontlasffrwith). I
saw a great many people there. John Davies, a
preacher, was leading them. I heard him say, " Come
on, my lads," and he went first. Between the Grey-
hound and the Welsh Oak we met a man on a red
horse. He said, " Why do you hang back ? Damn
it, go on ; you are enough to eat all the soldiers that's
there, for half of them 'are gone to Abergavenny." He
went to the Welsh Oak. I was in the road for hours
there. I saw John Frost there, and heard him say,
" All these with pieces come forward." They did
come forward, and I went then into the house. I
had one pint of beer, and went to sleep. I don't
know how long. When I awoke, it . was daylight. I
went out of the house. As I was going out, I saw two
men, apparently gentlemen, and a man who appeared
to be guarding them. I think he had a pistol in his
hand, but am not certain. I saw also John Frost. He
appeared to be liberating the two gentlemen. He
said You are two bad men, but you can go,' or some-
thing like that. The men then went out of the house ;
I don't know in what direction. John Frost went
down the tram-road as hard as he could go. Zephaniah
kV illiams was standing off the tram and turnpike roads.
When I came to the crossing he said, " Harris, what
do you stop back here for? Why don't you go with
the rest ?' I then turned, and went towards Newport.
Zephaniah came behind me. I went as far as the hill
between the Waterloo and Stow Turnpike-gate, when
I managed to escape. I did not see Frost or Williams
after I saw them at the Welsh Oak. It was the ge-
neral talk at Blackwood that William Davies had turned
Chartist, but I cannot tell who told me so in particular.
I believe that when Mr. Davies was standing at the
door of the Coach and Horses with Frost, be said,
Come on, my lads, and let us see what you can do ;
yonExaaremeinnaotuiognh toof evvatilNliaern Harriswport.
know what the prisoner William Davies said to John resumed—l do not
Frost.
Mr. Phelps called on the Court to have the witness
Harris taken into custody.
Previously to his leavina. the Court he was cross-
examined by Mr. Hall. I cannot read or write. On
my being examined on the two former occasions I
was under the influence of drink. I knew I was not
on my oath.
Israel Furman examined—l remember the 3d of
November. I know a placa called Risca. There
were about 3,000 or more people with me at Risca.
I saw a person on a brown horse a little this side of
Risca-bridge. That person said, " What do you stop
here for ? why don't you come on ? You ought to
have been down at twelve o'clock ; Mr. Frost is wait-
ing for you." Some of them made answer, that there
were not arms for all. The young gentleman on horse-
back said there were "plenty of arms down there for
you." I asked the men who was that, and they an-
swered it was young Mr. Davies.

Cross•examined by Mr. Hall—l shall be ninety, one
years old next May. I was apprenticed at Philadel-
phia. I have been in this country since I was dis-
charged from a British man-of-war in 1816.

Mr. Phelps stated that he had received a paper from
the witness William Harris, which he would read to
the bench. It was as follows :

oNeNiilliam Davies.
" I am afraid to speak all I know about William
Davies, for fear I,:n
" Witness—Moses Scard."
ianrjku rxe d wfbn I get home.
'
Mr. Phelps, on applying that the prisoners should be
remanded until to-morrow, wished to ask the witness
Harris a few questions.
Tayhe be m
William Harris was then called, and said, I sent in
this paper, and it is true. I will not give evidence
until I have a written paper to say that I shall not be
hurt.—(The witness here exclaimed " Oh, what will
become of me !") I told the constable yesterday that
I was afraid to give evidence.
The Chairman said to Harris that the Court would
protect him,
and ' if any persons should hereafter threaten
him he had only to let the Court know, and they would
be taken into custody.
Examination resume good many were looking at
me yesterday, and I was afraid to give my evidence this
morning.
The prisoner, after some remarks from Mr. Coles,
was committed to Monmouth gaol, to take his trial
for conspiracy and sedition ; but the magistrates agreed
to take bail, himself in 200/., and two sureties in
1001. each.
Bail was in attendance, and the prisoner was liberated.
Joseph Davies, Thomas Davies, and John Powell,
were discharged.
The Court than adjourned.

siLnc Lord,
cdhis arrival at
says that his
IN;Veaelltliiin gitloans,
bine
ean
We have the pleasure to state that the. Duke of
Strathfieldsaye.
The Journal du Commerceof Antwerp of
Thursday's date, says='" We know from an authentic
source that Belgium concluded a treaty of corn
leimtteprrotvoinagNeovierle
merce with Prussia, the conditions of which are the
same as those of the treaty between Holland and
Prussia." . . . .

MONEY MA.RE.ET and CITY NEWS.

(FRIDAY EVENING.)
CHRONICLE.—The English Stock Market con-
tinues firm to-day at improved prices, and money is
easier both in the house and out of doors. In the former,
indeed, it may be quoted at from 4 to 5 per cent. ;. and
although in the discount houses 6 per cent, and 4 com-
mission are still maintained, yet the brokers are less
scrupulous about their paper, and show a greater readi-
ness to transact business. Exchequer bills have not
only recovered. from the decline we noticed yesterday,
but have realised an advance. It will be seen that the
exchanges are flat ; nevertheless, the increased feeling
of confidence we yesterday noticed is still prevalent in
the City, but nothing has transpired to induce us to
believe that the Bank parlour have any measures in pro-
gress for the purpose of reducing their rates of discount.
It is, still said, however, that something of the kind
was hinted at during the meeting of yesterday, but it has
led to no practical result as yet, and, we suspect,,met
with little encouragement from the majority of those
present.

HERALD.—For a day or two past it has been an-
ticipated by many that there would be some difficulty
in providing for a portion of the commercial bills which
fell due yesterday ; but it appears that they were gene-
rally most promptly met ; consequently the Money
Market continues in the most easy position, and on the
English Stock Exchange advances upon the Tnree per
Cent. Redueed were declined at the rate of 5 per cent.,
making the quotation at the rate of 4 a 5 per cent. per
annum.

No business was effect on the Royal Exchange this
afternoon in the Continental Exchanges, without sub-
mitting to lower rates, and, as money was much more
plentiful than bills, the market may be considered de-
cidedly lower than on the last post-day.
In the English Stock Market the greater portion of
the business has been limited to dealing in Consols for
the Account, which, coupled with the present easiness
of the Money Market, has caused Consols to advance
to 92h for the Opening ; the Three-and-a Half per
Cent. Reduced Annuities are 981 a Money ; Bank
Stock is 1781 Money, and India Stock 255 for Ac-
count ; large Exchequer bills are 4 a 1 discount, and
small 2 discount a par.

POST.—The English securities were done at some
advantage on yesterday's quotations. Money was ob-
tainable to-day, for Stock-jobbing purposes, at the lower
rate of from 4 to 4i, or, at the outside, to 5 per cent.
per annum. Parties requiring temporary accommoda-
tion very generally declined the offers made them at the
last-named limit.

The Continental Exchanges were once more upon
the decline again this afternoon. Commercial men are
apparently puzzled, as well they may be, at the con-
tinued stubbornness of the rates. It seems to us that
the prices of cotton and other staples have not yet been
sufficiently operated upon by the restrictive measures of
the Bank of England to cause a renewal of demand for
goods for the export trade.
Some sensation was created in the trade connected
with China by the announcement of the fact that bills to
the amount of 26,0001. further drawn by her Ma-
jesty's superintendent, Captain Elliot, for opium pur-
chased to make up the quantity delivered to the Chinese
Commissioner Lin, and which were presented the other
day ior acceptance, have failed to be duly honoured. The
answer given to the holders we understand to have been,
" No instructions from my Lords—cannot accept."
Captain Elliot had drawn these bills, not at the regular
usance of six months' date, but at -twelve months, to give
the Government as long a day as possible, under the
impression that to draw upon their Lordships at the
shorter period for so large an amount as it might be-
come necessary to do, in order to cover the whole of
the 20,000 chests surrendered, might not be altogether
convenient to the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the
present circumstances of the country. Protests were
made out for the non-acceptance of the several drafts
in time for the packet just leaving England.
The natural conclusion to be drawn from this demur
on the part °Cher Majesty's Government, to say nothing
of the general merits of the question, would uppear to
he, that the Superintendent is not countenanced by the
home authorities in the hostile steps he has taken against
the Chinese.

TIMES.—The anticipations of yesterday respecting
any relief from the pressure by the Bank upon the
Money Market have not been realised-, though it is
.probable enough that the subject underwent some dis-
cussion at the weekly meeting yesterdayof the Directors.
~The eagerness with
.which the reports were caught
at is a proof, and rather a melancholy one also, of
the severity of that pressure. Never were the mone-
tary and commercial affairs of this country in a
more delicate and difficult situation than at the pre-
sent moment. Traders of all descriptions, but espe-
cially the inferior ones, are staggering almost under
that high rate of interest which the Bank Directors
have thought it expedient, for their own safety, to
spread all over the country, and it is clear almost
to conviction that commerce cannot revive under its
deadly influence, while it is almost equally certain, at
the same time, that without assistance from trade and
large exportations the Bank cannot succeed in turning
the exchanges in favour of this country. They are ex-
actly in the situation described by Mr. Rothschild, in
his evidence before the Bank Committee, in 1832, when,
in answer to the question—" Will not the Bank con-
tracting their issues tend to turn the exchanges in our
favour?" he said, "Not' always ; it may be for a time,
but it is not"possible that the exchanges can be kept
down or kept up, unless the real trade goes along with
it." Trade h s been paralysed by their measures, whe-
ther necessary or not, and yet they expect it to work
out theit and the country's salvation, like a thing en-
dued with life and activity.
The recent modification of the Roman tariff has bee❑
lately noticed, but so briefly and generally that no dis-
tinct conception of the alterations effected is in reality
conveyed. Tho following are some of the heads more
peculiarly interesting here. In cases of snuggling more
severe regulations are enacted, and in order to render it
rrore difficult the transit trade has been subjected to
additional precautions, and goods so introduced from the
ports for consumption in the country or elsewhere, are to
be accompanied with receipts under guarantee, whilst
new stamps and leads are to be employed by the Cus-
tom-house. The merchants who send a package for
transit will be required to accompany it with a detailed
copy of the invoice. For packages of books the
invoice must state- the title of each volume and the
name of the author. The packages must have a double
covering, end if suspicions should be entertained, the'
Custom-house authorities will cause them to be un•
packed. The most important alteration of duties are,
that all mixed fabrics of silk, wool, cotton, goats'-hair,
&c., are to pay the same duties on import as silk.
Woollen cloths, drapery excepted, which before paid
, from 40 to 60 crowns duty the 100 pounds, are not to
pay hereafter more than 30. Cotton cloths, which
paid 15 bayocs the pound, are not to pay more than
:2. The duty on yarns is raised two bayocs the pound ;
it was before 10 bayocs. Lace, muslins, &c., which
be't rs paid 10 tayocs duty, are to pay in future 30.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

Elto3/ THE DAILY IioRNINII TAPED,.

(From the Morning Chronicle.)
We are glad to see that the vital question of the
Corn-laws is again seriously taken up by the industrious
classes. We this day supply a report of a meeting at
Manchester, for making the preliminary arrangements
for a grand festival in January next. The account given
by gentlemen who had visited Dundee, Montrose,
Aberdeen, and other manufacturing towns was gloomy
in the extreme. Most men benefit by experience, and
we are willing to believe that the experience of the past
year has not been lost on the landholders. In truth,
many of the most intelligent of the body have become
convinced of the impossibility of maintaining the present
law, and are prepared to acquiesce in a moderate fixed
duty. The Bank of England has had a narrow escape
from bankruptcy, in consequence, chiefly, of the com-
mercial derangement caused by the operation of the ex-
isting Corn-law. Commerce resolves itself into giving
and taking. We cannot sell with Out buying. If we
say, for instance, to those countries which have no
other commodity to exchange than agricultural pro-
duce, that we will close our ports against it, we
say that we will sell nothing to them. But
then a year of scarcity in this country compels
us to import food, Commerce, however, cannot sud-
denly accommodate itself to this exceptional demand ;
and we are thus forced to buy from those whom we
have forced to become independent of us, and to whom
we must pay in gold. It is the unexpected nature of
the demand that causes all the inconvenience ; for when
a trade is regular, there is never:any difficulty in pro-
viding the means for conducting it. But the irregular
demand for corn, and the drain of our gold to pay for
it, has paralyzed our trade with our best customers, the
United States. It is well known that there is an
almost
,total cessation of orders from that country, and
that in ,the manufacturing towns numbers of men
arc either entirely out of work, or on short hours
firm that circumstance. Here, again, our accursed
Coro-law interferes, and prevents the remedy of
the evil. The difficulty of obtaining remittances
from America at this time, in payment for our goods,
which otherwise cannot be taken, is entirely
owing to the almost prohibitory duty on corn. No
man can purchase safely when he knows not
whether he may not lose extensively by the opera-
tion. In America the harvest has been abundant, and
flour in any quantity could be obtained from that c0w1....
....

PRICE sd,

try, which would furnish payment to our manufacturers ;
but notwithstanding the abundance in America, the
flour arrives here in small quantities. This is owing to
the ignorance which must pfevail as to what the duty
on importation into this cotintry would be. Flour, for
instance, which has cost in the United States 235. to
255. per barrel, is subject here to a duty, lately, of 12s.
od. per barrel, and now of 11s. 3d. per barrel. The
Corn-law, therefore, steps in and arrests the bounty of
Providence. It says to our famishing artizans—We
know that you are willing to work, and we know that a
market could be found for the produce of your indus-
try, but that market you shall not have. You shall
starve in idleness. We cannot ourselves employ you,
and are determined you shall not carry the fruits of
your industry elsewhere. Before the poison of Chart-
ism had spread among the working classes, sound no-
tions respecting the mischievous operation of the Corn-
law used to be entertained by them. We learn that
Chartism is now abandoned by all but a few ; and,
indeed, the approaching distress must go far to bring
that few to their senses. When want comes on them
like an armed man, when they find that masters can-
not give employment, because they have no market
for their manufactured goods, a cry will arise—how is
this? And the Corn-law will not be the last cause
which suggests itself to them. In the year 1820, a
little after the rising at Bonniemuir in Scotland, a g, n-
demon of our acquaintance was a passenger- in a steam
boat on the Firth, in which Baird, the leader, who
had been convicted of high treason, was conveyed as a
prisoner. Being, as most Scotch artizans are, decent
andfrespectable in his appearance, the gentlemen al-
lowed him to remain in their company, and he entered
freely into conversation with them. On one of the gen-
tlemen accosting him thus—" I wonder that* you, who
appear to be a man of some sense and information,
should think of a general rising against the Govern-
meat; 'there tiny 'be defects in our institutions, and
some desirable reforms may be refused ; but you
cannot fail to see that the Government substantially
does all that subjects have a right to expect—it pro-
tects us in the enjoyment of person and property ;
every man is free to exercise his industry, and turn it
to the best account."—" Stay," interrupted Baird, " I
deny that the Government is what you describe it to
be. There are now in the west of Scotland and in
Stirlingshire numbers of men altogether idle, yet will-
ing to work. There are countries willing to take the
produce of their industry, and to give them corn in ex-
change for it ; but the Government steps in and says
this shall not be. Sone of the workmen accustomed to
an indoors life are begging for employment on the high-
ways ; others, unable to work out of doors, are starving.
Do you call that a just Government which sacrifices
the labouring classes to add to the incomes of the
lords of the soil ? No, Sir, I knew my risk—l did
what I could to effect a rising in this country, on
the promises of the workmen in Lancashire and
Yorkshire, which have not been kept. I have failed,
and I have forfeited my life to the laws. I submit
cheerfully, but I do not repent ; and I here vow
before God that if the thing were again to do,
and I had the same hopes, I would again hazard my
life." To enthusiasm like this it was in vain to reply.
We entreat those who possess a large stake in the
country, and who ought to consider the distinction they
enjoy as involving the responsibility of a trust reposed
in them by Providence for the welfare of the people, to
reflect on the serious consequences of longer persisting
in the maintenance of the present accursed Corn-law.
There is at present a disposition to moderate the Foreign
tariffs if we would only place our Corn-law on a fixed
footing. Let the terms on which corn can be imported
be such as willtnot amount to a prohibition, and our
commerce with the North of Europe will revive, and
the Americans send flour in return for our manufac-
tures. If we neglect the present opportunity to alter
our prohibitory system, the enhancement of the Foreign
tariffs will be certain. We close with the following ex-
cellent observations from the Leeds Mercury of Satur-
day last:—

" It behoves the Government and people of this country,
therefore, to consider what can be done to prevent the re-
enactment of a tariff in America hostile to the trade and
manufactures of England.

'6 On the side of England, and in favour of a low tariff,
will be the Southern States. Why, because we take
their cotton and tobacco; and they know that the more of
English goods is bought by America, the more of Ameri-
can produce will be bought by England. Their own in-
terests and ours are identified. But it would be dangerous
to rely wholly on the friendly feeling of the Southern
States. It is of the first importance to turn the balance
in our favour by getting the Middle States to our aide.
This may be done by exactly the same means which have
made the Southern States friendly to us, namely, by taking
their produce. Now the produce of the Middle States is
Corn ; and if England admitted the Corn and Flour of
America on reasonable terms, all the corn-growing States
would be on our side in the future discessions on the tariff.
" Our trade with America, therefore, like our trade with
Germany, depends in a considerable measure on our own
legislation. It is in the power of Parliament to widen and,
deepen the channels of our foreign commerce; and if it
refuses to do this, it will iu reality cause them to be ob.
atructed and cut off. It the Northern States of the Ameri-
can Union should succeed in raising the tariff again, the
duty on woollens will prObably be fixed at SO per cent.,
whilst, if the Act passed in 1833 should come into full
effect, the duty will be -reduced to 20 per cent. So in
Germany, we have the most indubitable authority, derived
from the representatives of the several States which form
the Germanic League, for saying, that if we will admit
their corn at a moderate duty, they will lower their tariff
on English goods, whereas, if we refuse this act of justice
and sound policy, the German League will raise its tariff
much higher.
" It is not possible for the people of Yorkshire to see
this state of things, and to feel, as they are now feeling,
the pinching effects of dear food and wretched trade, with-
out being sensible of the paramount importance of repeal-
ing the present Corn-law. But if they are sensible of this
truth, they owe it to themselves and to their country to
put forth exertions corresponding to the magnitude of the
evils which they fear. and of the benefit which it is in their
power to realise. In this case all depends upon them-
selves. If they do nothing, nothing will be done. Go-
vernment has given them an opportunity of putting forth
their constitutional influence to the utmost, and of pre-
senting an unanswerable case to the Legislature ; it has
afforded them the means of fully understanding the emer-
gency. It has laid the real fasts of the case before them,
as regards our commercial relations with central Europe ;
but it is for the parties chiefly interested, through their
constitutional organs, to make the great movement which
alone can bring them relief.

" A word to the working classes, who arc now suffering
grievously, and are destined to suffer through the winter.
Last year many of that class, misled by a ridiculous
sophism of the Chartists, withheld their assistance from
the Anti-Corn law agitation, and thereby weakened the
hands of the friends of free trade. An opportunity pre-
sents itself of retrieving that error. The burden of the
bread tax has been mightily aggravated by another bed
harvest, and a bad state of trade. Ought not the work-
ing classes now to be forward and zealous in co-operating
with the middle class to obtain that righteous, humane,
and necessary measure, a repeal of the Corn-laws? At
Sheffield the trades have bad meetings, and &re taking the
most decided part in petitioning and combining for the
accomplishment of this great object. This ought to be
done everywhere. Our cause is that of truth. We only
demand freedom and fair-play. We only oppose monopoly
and starvation."

(From the Times.)
We on Thursday inserted the speech of the Go-
vernor of Jamaica to the Assembly, and the address of tbe
Assembly in answer. Most sincerely do we congra-
tulate the friends of Jamaica and that powerful party
in this country opposed to the attempt of the Govern-
ment to subvert the Constitution of that great colony
on the complete justification of the part taken by
them, if justification could be ever required for re-
sistance to arbitrary conduct. The Assembly has re-
sumed its legislation in a spirit of perfect cordiality.
They had introduced Bills to renew the expired Acts.
Many of them had, when the packet sailed, been read a
second time ; all had been read a first time. They had
introduced the usual money Bills, which were in pro-
gress through the House. There is the prospect
that this once splendid colony may be saved,
and may regain some portion of her former pros-
perity. But she will be indebted for her salva-
tion, under Providence, to the patriotism and the
wisdom of the party in both Houses of Parliament
who resolutely opposed the unconstitutional attempt
of the Government to destroy her Constitution.
We yesterday inserted also the resolutions adopted
by the House. They calmly and temperately exhibit
the oppressive conduct pursued by the Government ;
they prove that to the Government, and to the Govern-
ment alone, is to be attributed the interruption of legis-
lation in Jamaica ; and they dxpress the reliance of the
Assembly on the wisdom and justice of Parliament to
protect them against the repetition of that conduct—a
reliance which is founded on theresist4nee whichwas
'measures.
given in Parliament to the recent The con-
duct of the Assembly on this occasion, and these reso-
lutions, may afford an useful lesson to the Government,
if it teaches them that to acquire the confidence and
secure the co-operation of a colonial Legislature they
must mete to colonists the same justice, and evince for
their rights the same respect, which the people of the
mother country claim and receive. It may remind us
all that harshness and oppression are as much to be
avoided for their inexpediency as for their wickedness ;
that they must loosen, and ultimately destroy, the ties
which unite our colonies to us ; and that there is as
much real wisdom as there is positive justice in treating.
our colonies with the fullest confidence, and their inha-
bitants as entitled to the complete protection of the
British Constitution.

An official document of the French aovernment has
recently been transmitted to us, which possesses one
merit in common with many others, we might say with