The Sun.
London, England, 1863-03-07 00:00:00

&,_,_ ,

:.7, IN ELY S'l'B PER
.—...„
,
,-,..
~.----
v 7
~..; 7.,....",...—.._
m4i47-- • --c_.%;.: it,..,:1,
„......,,,,_ . .4.4. •:. —„. 11,
le .
..:z:-. .:.••,,,,
•
,—..--,.....:.
~... .
n• itk..lrl --
..
Iv
_. .
~, ~,.,.,I.?•2yi; - ,ti
e , ,
•-...,LA,
.... :
1•al - • / f --JC`
,• -. . ;_ l' !. , ,
N 1 i
Y.S.R.W., . ,i .... •
, .
....._ ,
. 9 t 2,
' V-k•i%,19,,/ / 4,). _,--- 5,-- 14:0), (
- - -,0
S , -4.
~._ 4-/t4- 4. /
, • 1 - : ~„1,(<1, .-?, ~.,:4-, it,Lg..;.,.,.
' 1 .
I—*
-- - - -••-. _. .e., -- ~ , o.i.
---,--. , , -
....
.„...,•,. (...t, : •, - \
~ .:. .
~,,, ... 4.14.,,,r,.
...,,„:,-,,..•...,-1,-,,-,.... w, -0.,.. •,,, ,_... 0-x, , •
--t4i# - -.-\ l'l -,F:rl3--- , ,-.5-,,'..,.t.i.:fii -,4= _, - •
t6f-
---,...,/fry, --t, ••••/.':.,7:''.'. ''-'''' , ''''', ::-:'''7. 7*---,-,._',L;',",,).7;'---
,Si.-",-.-
'I
, _.---r

)/r
.
e
;
try P "Nothtitft niers Ihna ai iiittitiliiiia a,
in every nook'and corner of the lend. Th. 4
_.E.,.,
offered at the present juncture in the no. (1.- ''.
east forms a striking parallel to the first star of -
rebellion—encounters everywhere, and the state of
the country disturbed in proportion to the number
of engagements fought: So far from quenching re-
bellion in rebel blood, the Russians are merely sow-
ing dragons' teeth, and creating a hundred avengers
for every victim killed. Proceeding from the coun-
try towns they had been quartt red in, and search-
ing out their foes in a circle of about twenty miles,
the Russian commanders have only ascertained the
position of the enemy without being able to &-
Btroy him. In reality,
the old system of marching
to and fro luo been 'recommenced with renewed
veheuierce.

PIIICE .4d.
STAMPED ....sd.

extending beyond it, Another curious circumstance
is mentioned in M. Valenciennes' paper, viz., the
discovery by M. Lernaire of a fossil tooth of the
Megalosaurus in the formations of La Heim. Now,
since this reptile was first discovered by Mr. Buck-
lan-i in 1822 in the great oolithic formation of
Stonesfield, and 'afterwards found by M. Pidancet
in keuper, or iodized clay of the Jurassic formation,
it follows that the Megalosaurus must have existed
on our globe during the whole immense space of
time determined by these limits. After M. Valen-
ciennes had sat down, M. Elie de Beaumont pro-
posed that the whole paper, of which what had
been heard was but an extract, should be inserted
in the Memoirs de l'Acadealie, together with the
Excellent drawings which accompanied it.

,~'`

Sating out from the South, I shall give a hasty
sketch of their Ulysian wanderings, which, if
insufficient in other respects, will serve to show the
general spread of rebellion throughout the length
and breadth of the land. If an English memory
can be expected to retain Polish names, the reader,
I hope, is still aware of the existence of the Dom-
brows camp, about twenty miles to the east of
Czenstochow. About the same distance to the west
half a dozen encounters have taken place between
the Russian vanguards and a Polish force stationed
is the ironworks of Punkin. Forty miles further
to the north, in the neighbourhood of Kalisz, we
hear of repeated engagements at Opatobek, Pysz-
kow, Sieradz, and Winari. Notwithstanding the
nearness of the insurgents, who have advanced
y to the gates of Kalisz, a third part of the
consisting of 1,500 men, has had to be
marchedearl
garrison,
where the Warta-bridge has been burnt down by
the Poles. A Russian force of 3,000 men, stationed
n to Kolo, twenty miles to the north-east,
at Konin, ten miles distant from Kole, had been
unable to prevent the destruction'of the bridgc....-
a misfortune which, in the swampy nature of the
Warta banks, is sure to embarrass their future move-
ments. It may be observed here en pasw.ne that
the unusual mildness of the winter has been profit-
able to the Poles, not only from the early dis3p-
pearanea of snow, but also on account of the abun-
dance of rain, and the constquent freshets in the
rivers. Ia p country where, from the natural confir
guration of the soil, as well as ;he indolense atria
inhabitants, every river is lined by a swamp, and
-
every morass begets a new river, this is a circum-
stance to be taken into serious account in calculat-
ing the chances of a spring campaign. Not only is
the Pole more intimately conversant with the watery
nature of his soil than the Russian, but, apart from
national characteristics, in coping with simi ar
dif-
ficulties the advantage will always be on the side of
guerilla troops.
Continuing our survey, we meet about the same
distance to the north of Kolo as Kalisz is to the
south the respectable town of Wioncla wek, together
with the less pretentious township of Radziejeowo.
Here lies the scene of the first appearance of Mieros-
lawaki on the revolutionary stage. As was the case
with Prince Drogomirecki, the gallant general,
finding himself confronted by superior numbers be•
fore effecting a junction with the Kolo bands, was
put to flight, and foitced to make the best of his way
out of the district. His whereabouts for the pre-
sent remains unknown. The Polish bands distri-
buted over this region have also met with nume-
rous reverses. Near Isbica, half-way between Kolo
and Wlonclawek, one of the patriot detachments,
being caught in a wood, lost 50 men out of 500.
Another band, about squally strong, was cut off on
the way between Slupca and Konin, and nearly
fell into the hands of the Prussian Hussars who
lined the frontier ready to receive them. The affair,
which may figure hereafter in diplomatic correspon-
dence, took place about 30 miles to the east of Posen.
Receding from the circumference of the circle to
the centre, the primary thing to be noticed is the
continued occupation of the railway by the insur-
gents. Along the entire distance between Warsaw
and Czenstochow the garrison of Petrikau, consist-
ing of 2,000 men and more, is the only representa-
tive of Russian power in this important quarter.
The few engagements reported from this neigh-
bourhood have all occurred at a distance of 10
to 15 miles from the line, the insurgent garrisons
at Rawa and Skirniwice remaining unmolested in
the very sight of Russian troops. Of encounters
given, those of Lodz and Brzezin may be mentioned
more especially. In either case the Russians had
the best of it. Looking at the undisturbed condi-
tion of the rebel garrisons along the line, the Poles,
it may be conjectured, fought under particular dis-
advantages on both occasions. As a rule their want
of success is to be easily traced to the scarcity of
experienced .leaders. Broken up, as, they are, into
a hundred different handfulls, it is of course, impos--
Bible to provide au adequate number of cautious com-
manders for their scattered divisions; and adroit-
ness -being everything in guerilla tactics, the
slightest mistake is but too frequently punished by
surprise and defeat. I need not say that the same
remark holds equally good with regard to the Rus-

THE INSURRECTION IN POLAND.

(From the 7intes' Correspondent.)

POSEN, March 3.

I have to record another complete change in the
Russian tactics. The cautious policy of the Grand
Duke Constantine has not been sanctioned by the
Government. Orders have issued forth from St.
Petersburg to reassume the offensive on every point
and crush insurrection at one and the same time in
all the provinces of the kingdom. The Czar, it
appears, finding his Prussian treaty of little avail,
is growing uneasy at the tardy progress of opera-
tionsin the South ; and with the Ides of March
staring him in the face, has determined upon a game
higher, it would seem, than his means allow him to .
play. With this view Russian strategy relapses
into the mistake which marred the beginning of the
campaign. The more formidable bodies, being op-
posed by insufficient forces, are allowed to serve as
a nucleus of rebellion, creating fresh corps by the
opportunities they afford, and serving as a point
d' appui in case of attack. The fight has been gene-
ralised once more, but the chances of victory, it is
obvious, have been deferred father than otherwise
by the change.
The consequences of this vacillating course.have
already heconie appaient in the south. Langiewicz
is not to be crushed by the 15,000 men that had
been concentrated in the triangle between Staszow,
Kielce, and Czenstuchow. Ail it, was possible to
effect with this considerable force may be related in
very few words. One of the smaller bands in the
immediate neighbourhood of the Vistula has been
routed ; the outposts of the insurgents along the
Austrian frontier have been pushed back towards
the north, and obliged to effect a junction with
I.ingiewitz, or the Dombrowa corps; and, as the
principal result of the entire movement, Galician
sympathisers will find it a little more difficult to
import their revolver chests, or betake themselves
bodily to Poland. Bat all this partial success, it is
evident, can be regarded as important only in the
light of a preparatory step. The bands in the south-
western earner of the kingdom having been forced
together, the time had clearly arrived for dealing a
decisive blow at the body, created by the combined
movement of three operating columns. Acting upon
this intention, and trusting in the speedy arrival of
fresh auxiliaries, the Russian commanders allowed
10 precious days to elapse before proceeding to the
attack of Langiewicz. At the expiration of this
costly period, instead of the reinforcements they
had been led to expect, an apodictic refusal was all
they received from Warsaw. The tactics had been
changed again by superior authority, the com-
manders of the individual corps being ordered to
rely upon their present strength, and to proceed,
under all circumstances, to precipitate attack. In
the case of the three colonels directing operations
in the south, east the execution of this order was
beset with greater difficulties than any where else.
Though disposing of a formidable power they had
to deal with an enemy dangerous by military skill
and the mountainous nature of the country; and,
which added considerably to the toughness of the
task, Langiewicz, foreseeing the attack, and fear-
ing a combined shock of the colonels,: reinforce-
ments and all, gradually advanced his troops to-
wards the west, taking up a position which allowed
him to fall back upon the support of his Dombrowa
friends. On the eve of the battle his corps formed
a tactical unit with the troops of MM. Jezionenski
and Zielinski, who had been despatched from Dam-
browa to meet him halfway on the road to Kielce.
But the orders of the Russian colonel were peremp-
tory. Battle being offered and accepted, the result
was a serious encounter, in which victory is claimed
by either party. The engagement, which by the
Russians is called the battle of Wloszow, while the
Poles name it from the neighbouring place of Mato-
goszez, after raging for several hours, was broken off
by the former,who retired northwards. The latest ad-
vices represent them as engaged with another Polish
corps, under Czieskowski, which, proceeding from
Dombrowa, came across the exhausted Muscovites
as they retreated towards Czenstochow, falling upon
them with the vigour which is the result of military
confidence, and desirous of imitating the glorious
example of the day before. Thefresh and impetuous
force may be expected to complete the handiwork of
their brethren in arms.

Kans.
The province of Plock is the only part of the
country where aggressive movements have not been
entered upon by the Czar. Shut in between War-
saw and the more easterly part of the Prussian
frontier, the reduction of this district is sure enough
after the defeat of the ()Niers. There is little sym-
pathy for the cause, but a whole army opposing it
to be fouad on the other side of the border, while
the thin population of the country and its remote-
ness from the centres of rebellion do not seem to
augur any very dangerous rising in the absence of
a repressive force. The existence, however, of a
large number of insignificant bands is undoubted in
this part of the kingdom also.
The comparative quiet iu the north is contrasted
all the more strongly with the turmoil to the east.
M. Sokol—Anglice Mr. Falcon, a nom de guerre
assumed on the model of all the more prominent
leaders—has taken up a highly convenient, if not a
very comfortable, position in the morasses of the
Liwica, about 20 miles to the north-east of the
capital. Instead of being destroyed at Simiatica,
as General Maninkine would have us believe, we
thus find the daring leader putting himself in the
very jaws of the bear. Another, but less adven-
turous force, is to be met with at Brock, on the
lower course of the Bug; while a third, roaming
about Zelechow, has just repelled the Cossacks, and
is advancing on Seidlce (about 30 miles to the east
of the capital). An equal distance to the east of
Sied Ice, the neighbourhood of Biala has witnessed
the destruction of the force destroyed a fortnight
ago by Colonel (now General) Nostiz. So runs the
Itussiin bulletin.
I shall not exhaust the patience of your readers
by passing in review the events in the south-eastern
province of Lublin. The fact of the re-assumption
of the offensive suffices for our purposes. If adding
that the vicinity of the fortresses of ZAMOSC and.
Evangorod has been more especially subject to the
Cossack raids, the reader will be able to form an
idea of the weakness of the Russian Government in
that particular quarter. The country between the
two southern fastnesses, as well as the high road to
Kiew, remains in the hands of the insurgents. The
force occupying the latter has made good its title
' to the position by a complete victory near Dabienka.
There is no want of interest in the abundant in-
telligence flowing in from Lithuania. Amid the
immense forests of those pathless tracts a serious
danger is brewing for Holy Russia. Once in pos-
session of the wood of Bialowice, insurgents have
rendered themselves all but impregnable to the at-
tack of even a superior force. Stretching over a dis-
tance of 40 miles and more, and consisting to a con-
siderable extent of impassable swamp, this aborigi-
nal forest is about as well adapted for military ope-
rations as an Indian jungle nesiatnabalmisharesdhih'errahe_
or a
have Guiana
insurgents, it would appear,
selves in different parts of this invaluable stronghold,
forth in every direction, have defeated.
captive the neighbouring garrisons
aanndd,
lseadllaywinagy
in rapid succession. At Pruzana, to the east of the
wood, five hundred Russians have been relieved.
of their arms; at Orla, to the west, the same fate
befel a detachment hovering round its outskirts,
while at Bystre, to the south, a conflict has
taken place with Gen. Maninkino, which also ter-
minated to the advantage of the Poles. A number
of other engagements are mentioned in the same
neighbourhood, showicg the strength of the insur-
gent forces and the importance either party attaches
to the locality. The strength in which the insur-
gents appear never exceeds 500 or 1,000 at a time;
yet the Russians have not dared to enter the wood,
but seem to be quite satisfied by setting fire to the
towns in the netgbourhood. They are now rein-
forced by a division of the Guards, who, destined
originally for the south, were diverted to Vilna, to
be employed on a nearer and equally urgent scene
of operations.
In addition to the intricacies of the country, insur-
rection is here aided by the particular circumstance
that the country not belonging to the kingdom of
Poland, the disarmament had never been carried
out with anything like the rigour evinced in the
western satrapy.

I do not stay to consider the probability or other-
wise of the bulletins issued on either side. Russian
reports are long since condemned by the grossness
of their self•contradiction. It is not a fortnight ago
that they announced the province of Raaom, the
scene of these sanguinary encounters, to have been
cleared by their victorious columns; while, as re-
gards the insurgents, and the news they propagate,
I have never been able to fall in with a bulletin in
time to use its laconic contents. Thus much, how-
ever, may be set dowii as positive from the private
news I have received, and the statements of the
Cracow Czas, that the Warsaw telegram an-
nouncing the defeat of Langiewicz is no better than
a myth, if, indeed, it is not something worse. Leav-
e ing alone, then, the number of killed and wounded,
a grand fact emerges from an ocean of confused in-
telligence. Tne great blow has been dealt against
General Langiewicz. The concluding step of a fort-
night's operations, a move in support of which the
defensive had been originally adopted all over the
kingdom, has been taken at length. And with what
ia suit ? The revolutionary army of the South exists
now as before. A body of rebels, hardly
the Russians they oppose, has been able to
its ground against the concentrated action of 10,000
men, supported by garrisons in the rear, and fight-
ing under the protection of a numerous artillery.
At the end of the provincial campaign the Russians,
instead of having at length confirmed their victo-
rious telegram, are falling back upon the 5,000
comrades they left at Kielce and Czenstochow on
sallying forth to the battle-field.
If small things may be mentioned at the side of
great, a passing allusion ought to be made to a vic-
tory General Langiewicz obtained over a Russian
column t wo days before the fight of Malogoszcz.
Not that the engagement was in any way remark-
able from others that have recently abounded in
the district ; but as the Russian column proceeded
from Miechow, of fatal memory, the defeat they
sustained on this occasion seems to be particularly
calculated to prove the value of their preceding vic-
tories. Five hundred men strong, the detachment
had been ordered to convey to Kielce the noblemen
and other prisoners arrested at Miechow and along
the Cracow frontier. They had not proceeded faron
their way when, finding themselves in the defile of
Ksionz, they were suddenly surrounded by a supe-
rior force, under the command of the active parti-
san. The rest need not be told. After a fews mo-
ments' fight there was a change of choarlihettleerwl:re
tween the prisoners and the escort.
movements of Gen.
the Russians informed of the
tinheav advantagee they
Langiewicz, and so trifling
derive from the restorationtia of their ascendancy
indeed, is the use of
along the frontier.. Vh
holding Miechow. if IdetaChment of 500 men can-
not be safely transferraed to Kielce, a distance of 50
miles, and the next garrison of any importance ?
The prisoners thus released are the same whom
Kurowski made an unsuccessful attempt to liberate
at Miechow.
Apart from the Austrian frontier, Russian autho-
rity in the south-eastern corner remains undis •
turbed in the narrow strip right to the south of
Czenstochow. The Russian movements reported
from that quarter may be reduced, more or less, to
the sporadic appearance of some sotnias of Coesacks
between Czenstochow and the Prussian frontier.
For the better understanding of imminent opera-
tions it may be also useful to remark that the camp
of Drornbown, about 20 miles to the east of Czene-
tochow, seems to have been partly abandoned by
the insurgents. Of the three Russian detachments
ngaged at Malogaszcz, that of Colonel Ciengieri
seems to have drawn off in the direction of Kielce,
its original head quarters. Of Prince Bagrution and
Col. Dehrowoleki, the leaders respectively of the
Miechow and Staszow detachments, little can be
ascertained beyond the fact of their having retreated
to the north. Col. Aleniez, who had been ordered
to proceed from Czenstochow and join the other
columns on the eve of battle, finding Jezioranski
in
his way, was prevented making his
appearance in
time.
And what is the compensation for this mishap
, the Russians have secured in the rest of the coun-

[ADvmatsEatENT.l—Holloway's Pills,—Comfort for the
A fflicted.—
When the blood becomes impure throuvi
breathing
foul air, or through the imperfect performance of
any bodily function, the greatest benefit will be deri•ired
from these Pills, whose purifying, alterative, and ionic
virtues are too well known to need any commendation here.
After taking a few dozes a marked amendment will tva felt
from day to day; the appetite will grow better, the
stomach stronger, the liver wholesomely active, and the
bowels, naturally regular, While taking these Pills ,thezes
is no dang, r of catching cold. They have the rare sad
valuable property of completing their salutary purpose.
without involving the necessity for the habitual employ-
ment of purgatives. Holloway's Pills neither gripe nor
produce other unpleasant effects.