The Sun.
London, England, 1839-01-08 00:00:00

STORMS.

We have several times alluded to the theory of storms,
because we believe it to'be an important subject, and that
every incitement should be given towards prosecuting the
inquiry.
When the Liverpool steam-ship was forced back to Cork
by foul winds, the Great Western had just departed ; but,
if storms be rotatory, the same gale might, of course, blow
foul for one, but fair for the other. This appears really to
have been the case with regard to these two steam-ships ;
and the storm they both met appears to have been the
same, which raged with such violence here in London on
Sunday night, the 23th of October, and on Monday morn-
ing. As is not unfrequcnt before a storm, it was calm at
the place of the Great Western on the forenoon of the
28th. At noon the wind rose in sudden gusts ; but, in-
stead of being a storm from the west, as the Liverpool
had it, these gusts came first from the southward, and
veered violently, though gradually to the east, and then to
the north-east. Next morning the weather moderated
with the wind at W.N.W.
It is supposed that the centre of this hurricane passed
over Wales, for the wind was there reported to have
changed suddenly from the point from which it had been
blowing steadily without veering to the point immediately
opposite ; and such of course, would be the case if- the
centre of a whirlwind were to pass over any place. The
prosecution of this inquiry may be attended with great im-
portance to shipping.
At Greenwich Royal Observatory, where a record is
kept of the state of the weather, the wind's force is denoted
by numbers, as being more definite than our common ex-
pressions "blowing hard," &c. These numbers have been
adapted for the use of ships by the Hydrographer to the
Admiralty, Captain Beaufort, R.N. It would greatly aid
meteorological inquiry if this scale were adopted both for
land and sea. We annex Captain Beaufort's scale (which
is used by the Great Western), as well as letters, which are
used as symbols to denote the state of the weather .
FIGURES
TO DENOTE THE FORCE OF THE WIND.
0 denotes Calm.
1 Light Air

rwith which a well-con-1
2 Light Breeze ... ditioned man-of-war,
3 Gentle Breeze ... under all sail, and
4 Moderate Breeze clean full, would go
L. in smooth water frcm j
5 Fresh Breeze ...1

I to 2 knots.
3 to 4 knots.
5 to 6 knots.

'Royals, &c.
Single reefs and top
gallant sails.

6......5tr0ng Breese ...

7 Moderate Gale..

in which the same ship
could just carry close
hauled

Double.reefi, jibs
&e.

8— ..Fresh Gale

Triple.reefs, cour-
ses, &c.
9 Strong Gale J - LClose reefs,courses.
10 Whole Gale ... with which she could Close-reefed main
only bear
ed foresail.
11 Storm ... with which she would Storm staysails.
be reduced to
12.-- Hurricane to which she could show No canvass.

. .
If the above mode of expression were adopted, the state of the wind
as well as its direction, might be regularly marked every hour in a nar-
row column on the log.board.

LETTERS
TO DENOTE THE STATE OF THE WEATHER.
B denotes Blue Sky whether with clear or hazy atmosphere.
C Cloudy—i. e. detached opening clouds.
D Drizzling Rain.
F Fog—f Thick Fog.
G ..„ Gloomy Dark Weather.
H Hail.
L Light Ling.
Misty or hazy, so as to interrupt the view
0 Overcast—f. e. the whole sky covered with ona impervioUll

cloud.
P.. .. Paying Showers.
Q Squally.
It
T Thunder.
S Snow.
U...
V ......
W Wet dew.

A dot under any letter denotes an extraordinary degree.
By the combination of these letters all the ordinary phenomena of the
weather may be recorded with certainty and brevity.

EXAM PLES,

b c M—Mue sky, with detached opening clouds, but hazy round the
horizon,

g T---Glbomy dark weather, but distant objects remarkably visible.
d 1 t—Very hard squalls, and showers of drizzle, accompanied by
lightning with very heavy thunder.

(From the United Service Gatette.)
CAVALRY.
2d Dragoon Guards—The Queen's .Bays have replaced
the 3d Dragoon Guards at Manchester.
3tl Dragoon Guards—Head-quarters and three troops, un-
der Lieut.-Colonel G. Maunsell, have marched to Leeds bar-
racks, to be there stationed. The regiment gives we troop
to Rochdale and Littledale, one to Tedmorden, and one to
Leicester. A troop arrived in Halifax, Yorkshire, from Man-
chester, on Thursday se'unight. A troop arrived the pre-
ceding day and relieved the remaining detachment of the 9th
Lancers.
sth Dragoon Guards—Two troops, under the Hon. Major
Scarlett, are at Burnley, in Lancashire.
3d Light Dragoons—lt is, we understand, certain that
Captain Lockwood will get the majority vacant by the death
of Major Andrews ; Captain Lockwood is in command of the
3d, Colonel Thackwell being Brigadier of Cawnpore, and the
other field officers absent from leave.
11th Light Dragoons—Lord Cardigan is indefatigable in
his efforts to make this a crack regiment in both men and
horses.
12th Lancers—The band have the honour of playing for
her Majesty at Brighton.

INFANTRY.

18th—The Royal. Irish landed at Boraban from Ceylon,
last October.

36th—The regiment landed at HalifFic, from the Hercules
man-of-war, on•the Bth of December, in the morning, having
arrived there the previous night from Barbadces.
65th—The following is from the Montreal Gazette of the
26th of November :—" The left wing of the 65th regiment,
whose arrival in Quebec we noticed a few days since, pro-
ceeded on Saturday evening, the 24th' instant, to Three Ri-
vera and Nicolet, under.the command of Major Farquharson,
who only landed at Halifax froth England on the 9th instant,
having come out with detachments in the Eagle transport."
73d—Three companies, under the command of Major
Lloyd, arrived at Kingston from Prescott on the Ist ult. in
the steamer William IV., and went over to Fort Henry ;
other three companies were reported to arrive the same day
to be up in the Brockville, and to leave the same evening in
the Cobourg, for Toronto.
87th—This regiment returns from foreign service next
year.
93d—The whole of this regiment has arrived at Toronto.
Royal Artillery--Head-quarters--Second Captain Wing-
field is doing t‘robation for the Adjutautcy, vacant by the pro-
motion and Staff appointment in Canada of Capt. Kendall.

MR. GREG AND THE TORY PAPERS.

It appears that considerable offence has been taken in Lan-
cashire generally at the very impertinent rematks which have
been made in a certain London Morning Journal on the gen-
tlemen whose speeches at the recent meeting of the Manches-
ter Chamber of Commerce have told with so much effzet
throughout the kingdom against the landlord legislators for
whose interests the corn-laws exist. This publication having
had the insolence to-wish that " Mr. Greg would ship him-
self off to some foreign country," we are referred by a friend
of that eminent manufacturer and highly-talented English
gentleman to the following account of his establishments in the
cotton manufacture, as given before the Committee of the
House of Commons, on commerce, manufactures, and shipping
of the year 1833 :

" Mr. William Rathbone Greg called in and examined :
You are a cotton-spinner, and loom-manufacturer, in partner-
ship with your father and brothers ?—Yes.
6" Where are your mills situated ?—We have one at Bury,
in Lancashire ; one near Lancaster; one t:ear Wilmeslosv, in
Cheshire; and one in Bollington, near Macclesfield.
" What number of-hands do you employ in those mills?—
About 1,900.

" What quantity of cotton do you spin per week ?—About
60,0001b5. weight a week.
" What does that make per annum ?—About 3,000,000 of
pounds per annum.
" What proportion does that consumption bear to the en-
tire consumption of the country?—lt will be about 1-17th per
cent. of the entire quantity spun; 1-15th per cent."

Here, says the letters from Lancashire, is a gentleman
who employs 1,900 persons, and at wages fully double to the
earnings of any similar number of the population in the agri-
cultural districts, paying, according to the calculations of one
party, more money in weekly wages than the whole of the
Dukes of the Peerage put together; and yet there is a public
writer so buried in the mire of political subserviency as to
wish that he would " ship himself off." But notwithstanding
the presumptuous manlier in which the manufacturing inte-
rest is spoken of by the upholders of the Corn-laws generally,
there is little doubt that the movement against those destruc-
tive laws is daily gaining a strength which the Ministry will
find to be irresistable whenevert Parliament may meet.

Loss OF LIFE.—On the 30th ult. at Salford, three
lives were lost, by the falling in of soma arched cellzring
at a brewery. The Manchester Guardian gives the follow-
ing particulars .—The arches gave way about the centre of
the pit, and the wall across, which rested upon them, fell
in ; the whole of the cellar erections being thus reduced to
ruins, beneath which the three men were buried. The
shock was severely felt in the dwellings around, and the
alarm speedily spread through the neighbourhood. As soon
as the dust occasioned by the fall had subsided, the head
of William Rutter, one of the sufferers, was observed
amongst the rubbish, between the undcrbeck and the wall.
Workmen were promptly collected, and the poor man (who
was able to speak) was extricated in less than half an hour ;
j and, as he lived in the neighbourhood, he was immediate-
ly conveyed home, and was promptly attended by four
medical men. It was found that he was a good deal bruised
about the legs and thighs, and also about the head, which
bled profusely ; but there appeared to be no fracture, and
his wounds being dressed, the surgeons were of opinion
that if inflammation did not supervene, he would recover.
The workmen, upwards of twenty in number, continued
their labours till between three and four o'clock, before
they came to any other of the sufferers. They then
found, near the centre of the pit, Robert Spencer, in a
sitting posture, with his head upright, but quite dead. He
was much cut and bruiied about the hands and legs,
but most severely injured on the bead and back. The
labourers found a second body, that of Joseph Rutter,
about half-past seven o'clock in the evening. From
the place where he was found, it would seem as if be had
taken the alarm, and had attempted to escape the im-
pending danger ; for it was apparent, from his position,
that he had plaCed one foot on the top of the door
leading from the cellars by a flight of steps to the yard
of the premises, when he had been struck down by a
mass of -fallen bricks and rubbish. It was after eight
o'clock before the body could be entirely cleared from
the bricks, &c., and it was then conveyed to a sort of
outhouse on the premise=, to which that cf Spencer
had been previously removed. Here they were stripped,
and washed, and laid out, to await the inspection
of the Coroner's Jury. . The workmen ceased for
the night about half-past eight o'clock on Sunday
evening, and resumed their labour at an early hour on
Monday. At noon, on that day, we saw upwards of
twenty of them at work in clearing away the bricks and
rubbish, which, from the depth of the pit, was necessarily a
work of much labour. At that hour they had not suc-
ceeded in discovering the third body ; but there was so
great a mass of bricks and earth in the place, that it was
supposed they could not clear away the whole before last
evening, and there was certainly enough to conceal a dozen
bodies, if there had been so many persons in the place.
None of the men had been in the cellars more than ten
minutes at the time of the accident ; but we have been told
that in a short time a number of mmn,
_employed at the
other brewery of Messrs. Burgess and Wheater, were to
come to look at the new' erections and cellaes ; and, is
that case; the loss of life might Ilve been much greater.
Had the arches stood till last evening, upwards of fifty per-
-1 sons would have been congregated beneath them,