The Sun.
London, England, 1830-05-03 00:00:00

(PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE.)

FRANRFQRT, APRIL 23,—The Germanic Diet, on the 241 of
April; the last thy of its mectiii beftirt, Ptitet-,,tiolyttrhed the
decree, Which peremptorily enjoins tile Duke of BrtinSiVick to
conform, within the space of fimr weeks, to the former decrees
of ha Assembly. The time expires at the end of this week.
Nothing that has yet transpired gives reason to believe that this
Sovereign, by some favourable concession, will spare the Confe-
deration being obliged to have recotirse to coercive measnres to
subtitle One Of its refractory members, and to maintain Msa the
authority of the Congress by which it is represented.
The Saxon troops employed to execute the decision of the Diet
are ready to march. The King of Saxony has, however, again
written in very affectionate terms to the Duke of Brunswick, to
endeavour once more to bring about a reconciliation.
We heili froth .very gotid euthority,. that in a despatch the
PlenipOtentiary of the Grand Ducal Hesse has transmitted to
the Commission, he states that the intentions of the French
Government do not appear to be very sincere in endeavouring to
obtain a definitive arrangement. On the contrary, this diplo-
matist gives them to understand that, to favour the commerce
of Havre with Germany by the Upper Rhine, this Govern-
ment appear to take particular interest in complicating and put-
ting offas much as possible tile decision of the:question.--- Temps.
(From Gtilignani's Messenger of Saturday.)
The Journal du C'onMeree of this inornink giVes the following
as a Postscript, eleven o'clock at night We are assured that,
on his arrival at Toulon, the Count de Bourmont received de-
spatches announcing the conclusion of an alliance, offensive and
defensive, between the whole of the Barbary Powers, viz. Mo-
rocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli. The Count has, in conse-
quence, demanded a reinforcement of 20,000 men."
The National of this morning has the tbilowing :—" The nego-
ciations at Paris on the affairs of Greene, iblticli hate just been
interrupted by the departure of Prince Leopold, were of a very
simple nature. Depart for Greece! depart ! said they to his Royal
Highness; if the provisional state continues, the country will be
exposed to new calamities. But all this was in vain. The Prince
entered into no conference even with Prince Soittzo, the future
Minister of Greece at Paris, nor with Lord Stuart de Rothesay
or Ciiiint Potto di forgo. Ito signified to these Ambassadors,
that if they had any thing to communicate, they were to do
it by writing. They could obtain from him no other answer.
The two Ministers then thought they should find powerful
support in Prince Polignac ; but the Prime Minister could de-
vise no other means of inducing the future Sovereign of Greece
to depart than that of sending him a Marshal of France with the
offer of a guarantee for a loan, and of the advance of n sum of
ready money, which, as is well knoWn, Were thought insufficient
by the Prince. We have just learned upon good authority, that,
after having allowed the Prince to depart without subscribing to
the conditions which he proposed, a courier was sent to an-
nounce to him that they were accepted. Thus the negociations
• are said to have been resumed a moment after they had been
broken off, and we are on the point of bringing about the result
desired by the three PoWets."
The Temps of this morning says, " The conditions prOpOseti by
Prince Leopold previous to his acceptance of the Throne of
Greece have been acceded to, and the means he deemed ne-
cessary for effecting the political organization of his new
kingdom will be placed in his hands. It has' at length
been decided, at a conference in London, that the three
Powers will guarantee a loan of 60,000,0001 r., to be nego-
elated in the name of the Prince as Sovereign of Greece.
Thus the fate of Greece is at length daided, The information,
we have obtained upon the views of the Prince confirms us in
our opinion, that a mild and paternal, but, at the same time, a
firm and enlightened administration, is about to give strength
and consistency to the work of peace and union commenced by
Count Capo d'lstria. This certainty of ultimate success will
redouble the strength of the Count, and it is with satisfaction

we are enabled to affirm that by no one are his services and his
devoted endeavours more fully appreciated than by the Prince,
to the accomplishment of whose loyal deSires he devotes him-
self without reserve. The mediating Powers have made it
a condition of their guarantee, that the product of the loan
shall be exclusively appropriated to the expellees neces-
sarily required for the organization of Greece, such as the
formation of ports and fortifications, the arming and equip-
ment of troops, the foUntlation of schools, and the estab-
blishment of communications. It is expressly interdicted that
any part of it shall be employed in the payment of the old Greek
loan, Whin is td be ptdvidCd for by such other means as the
Government shall consider expedient. No arrangement, how-
ever, for this purpose will be made until the Sovereign shall have
have arrived in his new States, an 4 be able to form his own
judgment as to the resources of the country. Being resolved to
fulfil strictly every engagement he enters into, he will bind him-
self to none without the most mature consideration "

Lord Cunningham, Secretary of Legation to the British Em-
bassy at Berlin, was sent off from thence to London, on the 22d
ult., with dispatches for the Duke of Wellington. His Lordship
travels with the utmost speed.
A vessel, that left the port of St. Maria, in the island of
Madagascar, on the 14th of January, and recently arrived at
Havre, brings the following intelligence On the 12th, M.
Barayon, Governor of St. Maria, was informed by the officer who
commanded at Tintinque, a point in the island where a detach-
ment of only twenty-five men had been left, that the Ovas were
preparing to attack his post, and that however small his number
were to encounter a multitude of the natives, he was deter-
mined to make the most obstinate resistance. In the last
attack from our (the French) ships on Point Lara, nearly
2,000 cannon-balls were fired before the Ovas were completely
defeated. But what leads to a belief that this war, hitherto
considered as mere skirmishing, will not be easily brought to a
close, is the rapidity with which the natives recover from
their defeats, and hurry back to battle' in spite of treaties and
the oaths by which they have bound themselves. Fifteen days
after the destruction of Forts Tamatave and Foul Point, their
batteries were restored, and placed in a condition to oppose our
troops with greater effect than in the first attack. When the
frigate Terpsichore left Madagascar for Bourbon, she had on
board a Deputy funn the Ovas commissioned to sign in the name
of his Sovereign the treaty of Amity as soon as it was ratified by
the Governor. The Terpsichore also brought back the troops else
had landed at Madagascar. But the Captain of this frigate, who
is at the same time Commander-in-Chief of the expedition, will
he greatly astonished on his return at finding the war again
broken out ; and his situation will be the more critical, in con-
sequence of his having left his troops at Bourbon, whither he
must retrace his steps to bring them back again, if he intends to
accomplish the task he has been charged with—of compelling the
Ovas to restore our ancient possessions."
We extract the following from a letter, dated Petersburgh,
April 8 At the beginning of this week, three officers of the
Emperor's Staff were sent off to the army of the Caucasus. They
are supposed to be the bearers of important despatches to Field
Marshal Paskewitsch Erivanskey. Since their departure it has
been reported that the Porte will cede Erzeroum, with its ter.
ritories, in lieu of a portion of the Indemnity, and that the mis-
sion of the three officers relates to the taking permanent posses-
sion of that city."
The following intelligence from the frontiers of Servia, is dated
the 10th ult. " The rejection of the Protocols of London by the
Sultan seems certain. Although we have no fears for the inde-
pendence of Greece, we cannot consider the war between her
and her oppressors as absolutely at an end. The fortresses in
Negropont, Caristo, and Athens, are still in the hands of the
Turks, and if it should become necessary to expel them by force, it
will not be without the loss of torrents of blood. This obsti-
nacy on the part of the Porte is attributed to a desire to re-
strain the European Cabinets from making further exactions. It
is chiefly the cession of Candia that the Turks wish to avoid, and
yet, though not immediately required, it must necessarily be
given up at some future period. The Isle of Candia will always
be an apple of discord between the Turks and the new State, and
to end the dispute it must ultimately be given to Greece."
The following is an extract of a private letter of the 20th ult.
from Madrid:—" The efforts for improving the credit of our Go-
vernment, by Decrees, are not discontinued; for M. Ballasteros
feels every day more and more the urgent necessity of finding
money to meet the many claims on the Treasury. Among his
projects -is a new Decree, which will direct that the Royal
Vales, which the bearers presented hitherto annually for re-
newal, are to be presented in future only every third year. Con-
sequently the present form of these documents will be altered, and
to the Vales will be added six dividends, each of which is to re-
present the interest due for the half year. By this means trans-
actions will be rendered mere easy; for they may be carried on,
not only by the Vales, as practised hitherto, but also by
the dividends, which may be negotiated separately. The pro.
duct of the Excise having rather increased, some persons con-
clude that Don Philip Riera, the person who farms these duties,
will derive great benefit from it, and be encouraged to contract
for other branches of the revenue of the State—a favourite
scheme of our Minister of Finances. However, persons versed
in these affairs are of opinion that the excise, by the serious in-
convenience and vexation attending its collection, will only be
productive of loss to Riera; and that, in order to extricate
him from difficulties, the powerful party who protect him will
resort to measures that may have very fatal results."
Extract of a private letter of the 14th ult. from Lisbon :
" The Miguelists have just lost the only ally that had
hitherto been faithful to them, namely, Spain. The situa-
tion of the latter power, as it regards Don Miguel, since the
abrogation of the family compact, relative to the succession
of the Princes of the Bourbon family in Spain, is entirely
changed. In taking this important measure, King Ferdi-
nand's aim was to prevent his brother Don Carlos from succeed-
ing him after his death, and consequently to weaken the influ-
ence of the Carlist party ; but this party, on the establishment
of Don Miguel's Government, would naturally find in him a
powerful support in enforcing the claims of Don Carlos to the
Crown of Spain, if his brother had died without male heirs.
But as the Spanish Monarch knows the intimacy of the Mi-
guelists and Carlists, necessity will oblige him to abandon the
former and weaken the latter, since both are equally dangerous
to him. It is reported even that the King of Spain has already
commanded his Minister at Lisbon to discontinue all relations
with Don Miguel's Government; and that he intends to recall
him from that Court. It is certain that M. d'Acesta now re-
sides at Cintra, where he no longer attends to public affairs.
It is asserted that the order for the recall of she Minister only
depends on the answer to a letter of the King of Spain to
the King of England, in which the former declares that,
seeing the impossibility of prevailing on the Government
of Lisbon, to follow his counsels, and apprehending from tire
present
I littayt co
of fEauffraoiper ihne
iPsournt udgearl
t,
hree snuelet se s
suint
yfaevtoeuarlalbi
nleg
loretire
tranquillity of Europe, he is under the necessity of calling tire at-
tention of the King of England, the most ancient ally of Portu-
gal, to an glair so important, and which so nearly affects every
Cabinet. As to the friends of the legitimate Government, they
are elated with hope, since the news of the installation of the re-
gency at 'Terceira; they flatter themselves that the period of
triumph for their young Queen is not very distant."
The courier des Pays Bas announces as certain " that the
Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia will visit the Hague
this summer. Their journey is supposed to be connected with
political negotiations respecting the situation of the Netherlands
and France.
The Editor of the Gazette Constitutionnelle des Cultes et de
l'Enseignement has been summoned to appear on the 7th inst.
before the Tribunal of Correctional Police on the following
charges :-1. For outrage and mockery of the religion of the
State.-2. For insults atibred to one of its ministers (the Arch-
bishop of Paris), relative to the exercise of his functions.-3.
For an insult to the King.--4. For attempting to disturb the
public peace, by exciting contempt and hatred against the clergy.
M. Guillard, editor of the Gazette des Icoics, is also summoned
to appear before the Royal Court, on the 3d instant, to hear read
the judgment pronounced against him by the Council Royal of
Public Instruction.
Fastsei Forsos.--PARIS, APRIL 30.—Five per Cents., 105 f. 60c.
soe. 85e. 50,.75c. ; Four per Cents. 101 f. 34k. ; Three per Cents.,
33f.50c. ; Bank Stock, 1,905 f. ; Rentes de Naples, 93f. 60c. 65e.
60e. 55e. 50c. 93f. 45c. 40c. ; Rentes d'EsPagne, 18 17%, Royal
Spanish Loan, 89% 90 89% % ; Iterates Perpetuelle sl'Es-
pagne, 82f. %83 82% 82%; Haytian Loan, 5301:
Exchange on London, One month (paper), 25f. 55c. ; (money),

It

•'st: 55c. ; three mouths (paper), 2.if. 40e. ; (money;; 25f.-40e
—ewers Authentiqus.

The following ar6 extracts from German
I'apers ieceived this morning
i3ETEßSCllitthi; APRit: 14.;:the fmpgrial,roirrt efir
into mourning for three weeks, on account of the death tif
late Grand Duke of Baden. _

By an Ukase of the 7th of April, the directing Senate has
published a resolution of the Councils of the Empire, sanctioned
by his Majesty the Emperor, to the effect that the orders of
knit;lithood conOrtned- by his Aajesty, as rewards for services
rendered hi tre.Stte4 4'iiing to thoae who are honoured with
thesis file rights of hereditaryiibtiitity, these riiehtseiten4
equally to the children of these Knights born before and
the obtaining of such orders ; the same is the case with the
children of merchants whose fathers were made Knights before
the regulations, Oct. 30 (11th Nov.), 1826.
ST.PETERSBURGII,ArRIL 16.—His Majesty the Emperor has been
pleased to confer the Order of Saint Alexander Newsky on the
Seharnkal Sovereign of Tarkoff in the Province of Daghestan,
and has sent him the inzlgnik with a most gracious rescript, ex-
pressing his Majesty's approbation of the constfrOt fidelity and
devotedness to the throne, of which he has giVeil frequetil
proofs of his long services, and his indefatigable exertions for
the good administration of that part of Daghestan placed by his
Majesty's confidence under his immediate Government.
Sr. PETERSEURCII, APRIL 14.—At the request of the Members
of the Committee for drawing up a regular system of regulations
for the Evangelic-Protestant Church in Russia, his Majesty has
been pleased to approve that, on the 2-sth of June this year, the
three hundiedfh anniversary of the presentation of the Augs-
burgh Confession shall be coltbrated in all the Evangelic
churches in the Russian empire, At the same time his Majesty
has been pleased to approve that a new official costume shall be
introduced; in which the Evangelic clergy shall henceforth ap-
pear in all their official duties on all solemn occasions, and which
shall be *ern for the first time on the clay of the above Jubilee
by all the Evangelic clergy in Russia. Phis costume consists
(instead of the short cloak hitherto worn) in an ample talar of
woollen cloth or silk, and, instead of the round hat, a velvet
baret. The white band under the chin remains unaltered, His
Majesty has also been pleased to confer the Order of St. Wlade-
inir of the Third Class on Dr. Retschl, Protestant Bishop of
Pomerania, for his zealous and valuable co-operation in the
labours of the Committee for drawing up a plan for a general
code of ecclesiastical laws for the Protestant church in Russia.

COPENHAGEN, APRIL 28.—His Majesty has appointed the Re-
verend Professor and Docttx of Divinity Peter Erasmus Muller
to the office of Bishop of Zealand, in the room of the late Dr.
idunter. Professor Ralibrek died on the 21st, in the 70th year of
his age.
HANorEn, APRIL 24.—His Royal Highness the Governor-Ge-
neral was pleased yesterday to receive at a very numerous draw-
ing.room in his Palace, the congratulations on the bi,th-day of
his Majesty the Xing, which was celebrated in the usual manner,
by the ringing of bells, a royal salute, &c. His Royal Highness
and the Cabinet Ministers gave grand entertainments on the
occasion.

HAMBURG, APRIL V.I.—BOA/MN-HALLE, HALF-PART FOUR
O'CLOCK.—In funds there basbeen but little doing today. Anglo-
Danish for money were in demand.—Discount four per cent.
End of April.
73%

Anglo-Danish Loan 3 per Cent

Anglo-Russian An 109%
Hamburg-Russian Loan 104%
Polish Bonds . 132
Austrian Bank Shares 1180
Austrian Metalliques.. IO2K,
New Austrian 4 per Cents.,.. 97%
Anglo Neapolitan 954
alconets
Portuguese
THE HAGUE, APRIL 29.-1 t appears from the deliberations of
the Sections of the Second Chamber, on the project of law for
raising the sum of 3,100,000 florins, that the majority disapproves
of the proposed duty on *one. The principal objections against
the measure are, that it will have a very injurious effect on our
commerce in this article, which is tkus beginning to recover,
and that it will give occasion to extensive smuggling, which it
will be difficult if not impossible to prevent; thus the trade will
be destroyed, and transferred to other places, and the public Ex-
chequer, as well as private persons, suffer. If, notwithstanding
this, these measures should be persisted in, the duty must be con-
siderably less than proposed.
The Courrkr des Pays Bas says, that it has been asserted in
our Papers that the Belgic people ridiculed the trial of Potter,
&c. We have not said a word to this effect, but merely that
the citizens of Brussels did not trouble themselves about the fate
of the accused, and that all was perfectly quiet. If the Caurrier
des Pays Bas wishes to know what people think of this matter in
the northern provinces, we can say that people are extremely in.
dignant at the shameful conduct of De Potter and Tu.lemans,
and look on them as men who deserve the contempt of all well-
disposed persons.

BERLIN, APRIL Von Beyme, the Minister of State,
has been induced by an expression of Goethe, in his dedication
of the correspondence between himself aid Schiller, to publish
the remarkable fact most honourable to our excellent King, and
to thegeneral spirit of the Prussian Government, that Schiller
had been invited to come to Berlin, where he was to have an
annuity of 3000 dollars, and the free use of a Court equipage,
which was only hindered by his illness and untimely death.
VIENNA, APRIL 18.—The Political Gazette of Agram, in a
latter from Oblay (on the military frontier) says, ‘' A part of our
Bosniak neighbours, intent only on pillage and murder, made an
excursion on the 2d instant, to the number of thirty or forty,
into our peaceful country, near Boina, hi order to drive oft' our
cattle. They were, however d,scovered in time by the cordon on
the frontier, and driven out. On the Bth they returned, in great
numbers, but were so warmly received by the few brave troops
belonging to the cordon, that they were obliged to retreat with-
out booty, and with the loss of two of their number killed, and
some wounded. We, however, had the misfortune to lose the
Vice.Bassa &Aden Cheran, ho died of his wounds two hours
after the action. The Lieutenant Field-Marshal Count Von
Lilccnburg, has ordered inquiry to be made whether Cheran has
left any family, that they may be provided for according to
thebenevolent ordinance of the Emperor.

NI:ARNIM/RC, APRIL 22.—His Excellency Lord Cowley, British
Ambassador at the Court of Vienna, arrived here yesterday on
his way to meet his Lady at Frankfort, with whom he will re-
turn to Vienna.

The following are extracts from Brussels Pa-
pers. The sentence on M. DE POTTER and
TIELMANS will defeat the vengeance of the
Court from itb unjustifiable severity :

BRUSSELS.-COURT OF ASSIZE, APRIL
TRIAL OF MESSRS. POTTER, &C.

M. Spennael, Counsel for M. de Neve, having endeavoured to
prove, first, th.,t the association was legal, and secondly, that no
criminal intentions can be imputed to his client, M. de Spruyl,
the Attorney-General, rose to reply, and in a speech of three
hours and a half examined and combated all the arguments al-
leged by the Counsel of the accused. The President afterwards
called upon the Counsel of the accused to answer some points,
after some remarks by several of the Counsel, the Court ad-
journed.

APRIL 2S.—M. de Weyer, and the other Counsel for the de-
fence, in reply to the Attorney-General, repeated almost all the
arguments already urged by them. The Court adjourned.
APRIL 29,—The Counsel having concluded their replies, the
President asked the accused if they had any thing to add, upon
which M. de Potter alone desired leave to speak, and read a
written address, in which he endeavoured to justify himself
against the imputations cast upon him, to prove the purity of
his intentions and the legality of the confederation which he
wished to see in force • to demonstrate, that far from wishing
to oerthrow the institutionsi by which we are governed, his only
object was to strengthen them. The Court having resolved to
deliberate on two individual points, returned in two hours and
a half with its decision, viz.—lst, That the correspondence of
M. Tielmans shall remain as part of the documents, but that
it cannot serve with bans of a condemnation, and that a second
series of questions, proposed by the Attorney-General, is rejected.
The Attorney-General declined answering to the reply of the
opposite Counsel, but wished that the consultation of the bar of
Liege should be communicated to him, as it had not been brought
forward till yesterday.
The President granted this request, and the Court adjourned.
APRIL 30. The Attorney-General said he had no observations
to make on the Paper which he had asked for.
The Court withdrew to deliberate, and is still sitting.
P. S. We have this moment learned that the Court has sen-
tenced M. de Potter to banishment for eight years, Messrs. Bar-
tels and Tielmans for seven ; Messrs. Coehe-Momens and Van-
dershaellen are acquitted.—Gazette des Pays Bas.
.

Le Beige says, after the expiration of the term of their banish-
ment, they will be placed for an equal number of years under the
surveillance of the high police.
The Beige and the Courier des Pays Bas, besides filling three
pages of each of their numbers for the three days with the account
of the proceedings, gives three closely printed supplementary
sheets, with the speeches of some of the Counsel.

On the late trial of the cause of ANDERDON
v. BURROWS and others, the LORD CHIEF
JUSTICE stated in his summing up to the Jury,
that " the conduct of Dr. BURROWS, in signing
" a certificate of the plaintiff's insanity without
" having seen him, and sending two persons to

secure him, was contrary to law. He was

" sorry to hear it was usual for medical practi-
tioners to act in that manner." The result
of that trial, while it happily shews the law does

not sanction the abuse committed, affords me-
lancholy proof that Mad Doctors, when feed by
interested parties, do not scruple in defiance of
the law, singly to sign certificates, and send their
myrmidons, the keepers, to kidnap any unhappy
object, who, once in their power, there is too
much reason to believe is speedily incarcerated
in one of those abodes of wretchedness, a recep-
tacle, when, as the ATTORNEY-GENERAL well
observed, speaking of Mr. ANDERDON'S escape,
the public probably would have known nothing
of what had taken place, and the remainder of
his days would have been passed in silence !!"
Mr. ANDERDON, however, had the singular
good fortune to escape the fate intended for him,
turned the tables on his pursuers, and, fortu-
nately for himself and the community, has been
enabled to contribute to the further exposition in
a Court of Justice of the disgraceful system that
has lately become matter of so much painful noto-
riety.

This trial, moreover, combined with the other
exposures that have recently taken place, shews
by how frail a tenure Englishmen enjoy the
boasted right of personal freedom,—what boota
it, that no man can be deprived of his liberty
for an alleged violation of the law (save for safe
custody), until after a trial in open court, before
a Judge of the land and a Jury of his country,
IF, in the case of imputed insanity, medical cer-

•
• -.•
tificates,‘ or tettres de cadet, of.)tatt' led et the
instance of interested parties, who fee the Doetorl,
are all that are required to warrant the incar-
ceration of the sane or insane ?—and that, in
trioQt inStgncesi for life,—since in these cases, be
it remembered, therb is no gaol delivery !! !
We cannot contemplate any system tif law open
to greater abuse,—we conscientiously heiieVe,
no system ever existed in this or any other
country under which more atrocious abuses have
been committed, and we fearies?" g!ppeal to all
thinking men, whether, supposing there were no
other evidence, the disclosures and exposures of
the last few months do not warrant that opinion ?
The abuse, however, unhappily is not of
modern date. Among DE Foz's works, there is
one (published in 1728) intitled Augusta
" Triumphans, or the way to make London the
" most flourishing city in the universe ;—by sup-
" pressing pretended mad-houses where many of
" the fair sex are unjustly corned, while their
" husbands keep mistresses, 4-c., and many
" widows are locked up for the sake of their'
" jointures,"—and the Mad Doctors, (in whom
the sane portion of the public have little or no
confidence as general practitioners), emboldened
by a long impunity, at length appear to con-
sider they have obtained a vested interest in the
insane, by prescription. We have heard of
instances where these worthies have got posses-
sion of a person well connected, or possessed of
property, and have derived a grater annual in•
come from the incarceration of the one patient,
than many respectable general practitioners de-
rive from a fair average practice ; of course it is
not to their interest that such a patient should
be eased; moreover, one sort of talent will suf-
fice to make a man mad, or keep him mad, but
it requires another and very different talent to
cure him of insanity. Dr. BURROWS has lately
told the world, in a letter addressed to Sir H.
HALBORD, that the nature of insanity is " little
known," which may be true with respect to
Mad Doctors and their cure of patients ; but so
far as their personal interests are concerned, and
the benefit by them too long enjoyed and well
understood, of having few, save the ignorant or
unprincipled, for their employers, we apprehend
no branch of the medical profession has been
studied with greater care, or attained greater per-
fection, since nothing in the shape of profit
is too large or too small to satisfy or
escape their cupidity;—thus we learn from
the minutes of evidence taken before the
Parliamentary Committees, that in those
wretched dens of misery at Bethnal Green and
other places, HUNDREDS of poor wretches are
incarcerated, at the miserable profit to the keeper
of two or three shillings a week on each, under
circumstances alike revolting to humanity, and
disgraceful to the nation that permits it, even to-
wards the humblest of its citizens !
The cloud of cases that have lately forced
themselves on the public notice,—those of AN_
DERSON, ACRES, GRINDALL, DAVIES, &C. &C.
all serve to display the daring and relentless
system that has been too long carried on under
the mask and pretence of curing insanity, and
we believe there are now few persons who do not
cordially concur in the justice of the SOLICITOR-
GENERAL'S remark, that a medico-receptacle
keeper " has a direct interest against the honest
advice he ought to give ;"—but there are other
persons' engaged in this disgraceful traffic whose
conduct is far more culpable that that of Dr.
BURROWS, although by greater cunning, or
good fortune, they have hitherto contrived to
occupy a less prominent place in the eye of the
public.

We have received a copy of Mr. BADNALL'S
" Letter on the present Commercial and Agricul-
tural Condition of Great Britain." Mr. BAD..
NALL is known as possessing much information
on the Silk Trade, and he has now shewn that

he has so considerable a knowledge of the con-
dition of the several interests of the country, as
to entitle his opinions to respect, on all political
questions. His work commences by laying
down twenty axioms or general principles in
political economy with reference to which he
elucidates the causes of the prevailing distress,
and suggests the means by which he thinks it
may be effectually removed. The last of the
axioms, which all the others tend to establish,
is one-that cannot be too frequently urged, or too
stoutly advocated, in any country, and especially
in this :

" Free labour, and a free unshackled commer-
cial intercourse between man and man, and be-
tween nation and nation, best promote the ac-

cumulation of wealth, and the civiliza lion of
mankind ; but monopolies, duties, restrictions,
and prohibitions, impede the course of wealth,
and destruction of trade and civilization ; there-
fore freedom of trade is a blessing—restriction
or prohibition of trade is a curse."

In his reasoning upon population, Mr. BAD..
NALL appears to us to be in error. He thinks
that, because national wealth arises from labour,
and labour is supplied by men, the more abun-
dant the population is, the better for the coun-
try. " If," says he, " the inherent power of
" nature be a good, it never can, by any pos-
" sible increase, become an evil." . . .

Distress among an abundant population is the
effect of erroneous legislation, which should
ever be possessed of sufficient foresight to
command ample food for increasing generations,
and sample consumption for increasing pro-
duce. . . . It is an absolute impossibility
that any country which is well governed can in-
crease beyond the power of provision which the

" earth affords towards its maintenance." We
recommend Mr. BADNALL to consider whether

it is, or is not, true, that the ratio in which
population has a tendency to increase, is greater

than the rate of increase of food ? Whether
any given country, and even the whole earth is
not, in this respect, similarly situated to a single
farm ? Whether the quantity of food supplied
by the earth, is capable of being increased by
Governments, by the use of machinery or other-
wise, so as to support an unlimited population ?
and whether it is not necessary that some check

!
to their increase must alwap exist with reggi-
to mankind, as well as with regard to sheep or
pigs? Mr. BADNALL will, upon further eni
quiry, perhan satisfy himself that the 'dtity'°
Governments, seeing that there must be checks'
to population, is to direct those checks in the
manner that may be the least prejudicial t°
human happiness. It is better that men should
not tic horn, than that, being born, they should
live in misery.
Notwithstand:ng these, and other points, 113
which Mr. BADNALL'S views do not meet Or
own, wer think his book will repay its perussi*
We particularly recommend attention .to th°
following causes, which he enumerates as mots
or less affecting the advancement of the prosperiti

of the nation, viz. :
Ist, And principally—The want of a sufficient market
for our surplus raw and manufactured produce.
2d. The effect of the suspension act, and of an injurioti.
paper currency.
31 The existence of injurious and unconstitutional nto*
nopolies.
4th. The restricted importation or exportation of se
raw or manufactured commodity.
sth. Injudicious and unequal taxation, especially ti
°
oppressive laws of customs and excise.
6th. Unnecessary extrnt, and expenditure, or taxatioti.
7th. Unequal poor-rates.
Bth. Stamp-duties, legacy and probate duties.
9th. Usury laws.
10th. Highway rates—tolls—churcls and county rate'
—to which many other inequitable enactments and nise
may be added.

CK.

For want
lain eta-
-92S %

Bill will

to Ter

and the
a 83f. X•
of 4 Per

little of