The Sun.
London, England, 1863-01-09 00:00:00

Consultations free.

Y enamelled to nature,
- ared 17th July, 1860), Seta
TEEpTlT7Zursii
Se t s o(f
-Tee atth 8 Seal MR.
fitted in a few hours by 1 ESKFLL'S INVENTION
ac. 47 of the gum, to which it ad-
heres or partial
these teeth are made and
cii-Ttion by tne closest
laßskelPs invention
re-adapted to
i,a.nd as they
imperishable base of rhz:=B et his patented soft elastic and
heres with wonderful ten
freet teeth
unsightly fastenings, and deq4,lBl3„elL_AinF with springs or
observer. The peculiar attrivale-
is, the readiness with which
any change of the mouth (even by the mii.hi
act independently of all disturbing Calls
of ordinary construction, they ate guaranteed tc I
time, as well as for mastication and articuistiaont, a mill:
E sIiELL'S TREATISE, which fully explains hisinventi-o-
post free for seven stamps.—lnspection of specimens and Con
sultations tree. Terms strictly moderate.-8, Grosvenor-
sti eet, Bond-street, London ; and 39, Bennett's-hill, Bir-
mingham.

TRULY EFFICACIOUS AND MILD.—
Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER PILLS, pre-
pared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr.
-cott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who
-uffer from bilious and liver complaints, indigestion, wind,
.pasms, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, &a. For habitual
costiveness, as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier
of the blood, they are truly excellent; mild in their opera-
'ion and grateful to the stomach, they create appetite, pro-
mote digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system.
Cold by W. Lambert, 8, King William-street, ( haring-cross.
London, and by most druggists, in boxes,ls. lid., and three
times the quantity in one, 2s. 9d. Be sure to ask for Dr.
Scott's Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square
green package, with " William Lambert," engraved on the
tamp.

LIVES of EMINENT STATESMEN
in PUN, every week. One Penny

Now Ready, handsomely bound in Magenta cloth, gilt, price
4s. Bd. ; post free, 55., the
QECOND half-yearly VOLUME of FUN, with:
kJ numerous Engravings by talented artists, and humor-
ous Articles by the following distinguished writers :
W. Bailey, Esq. W. S. Gilbert, Esq.
W. Barber, Esq T. Hood, Esq.
E. L. Blanc:11:rd, Esq. T. S. Jerrold, Esq.
G. W. Bridgeman, Esq. W. J. Prowse, Esq.
F. C. Burnand, Esq. Godfrey Turner, Esq.
H. J. Byron, Esq. &c., &c., &c.
Office, 80, Fleet-street, London.

ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT
INSTITUTION
(Incorporated by Royal Charter).
PATRONESS—Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen.
PRESIDENT—Vice-Admiral his Grace the Duke of Northum-
berland, K.G., F.R.S.
CHAIRMAN—Thos. Baring, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., V.P.
DEPUTY-CHAIRMAN—Thomas Chapman, Esq., F.R.S., V.P.
APPEAL.
The Committee of Management have to state that, since
he beginning of the year 1860, the Royai National Lifeboat
Institution has incurred expenses amount ng to £27,260 on
various Lifeboat Establishments on the Coasts of England,
Scotland, and Ireland.
During the same period the Lifeboats of the Institution
have t een instrumental in rescuing the Crews of the follow.
ing Vessels :
Barque Vermont, of Halifax:U.S. .. 16
Schooner William Keith, of Carnarvon .. 2
Brig Flying Fish, of Whitby •• •• •• 5
Smack Elizabeth Ann, of Lyme Regis .. .. 3
Steam Dredge, at Newhaven .. .. 9
Schooner Admiral Hood, of Rochester .. .. 6
Schooner Susan and Isabella, of Dundee .. .. 5
Schooner Rose, of Lynn . 3
•• •• •• •
Brig Prodroma, of Stockton
Brig Eliza, of Middlesborough ••
Brigantine Freia, of Konigsberg ..
Brigantine Diana, of Fredrikshamn
Brig Gloucester, of South Shields
Brig Lovely Nelly, of Seaham
Brigantine Nugget, of Bideford ..
Schooner Prospect, of Berwick ..
Schooner Ann Mitchell, of Montrose
Schooner Jane Roper, of Ulverstone
Brig Pallas, of Shields .. . •
Ship Ann Mitchell, of Glasgow ..
Smack John Bull, of Yarmouth ..
Schooner Catherine, of Newry
Barque Niagara, of Shields •• • •
A Barge of Teig-nmouth • • ••
Brig George and James, of London
Brig Zephyr, of Whitby •• ••
Coble Honour, of Cullerooats • •
Schooner Eliza, of North Shields ..
Barque Oberon, of Liverpool .. 15
Brigantine Nancy, of Teignmouth a
Smack Wonder, of Teignmouth •• .. 2
Brig Scotia, of Sunderland .. 6
Sloop Three Brothers, of Goole ..
Sloop Charlotte, of Woodbridge .. 5
Brig Ann, of Blyth .. • • • • • . 8
Spanish Barque Primera de Torreviega (saved ves-
sel and one of the crew) .. . • .. 1
Sloop Hope, of Dublin •• •• •• •• 3
Schooner-Druid, of Aberystwyth .. 6
Schooner Hurrell, of Penzance (saved vessel and
crew) .. .. • • • • • • . 4
Brig Anne, of Plymouth (saved vessel and crew) 8
Schooner Betsy, of Peterhead. (saved vessel and
crew) .. .. 6
Smack Merrion Lass, of Aberystwyth (saved ves-
and crew) .. 3
Schooner Fly, of Whitby (saved vessel and crew 4
Sloop Thomas and Jane, of St. Ives
Fishing-boats of Whitburn .• •• •• 16
Brig Arethusa, of Blyth 8
Schooner Dewi Wyn, of Portmadoo
Flat Cymraes, of Beaumaris .. 2
Schooner William, of Morecambe
Smack Gipsy, of Newry .. .. 4
Schooner Margaret Anne, of Preston .. .. 4
43rIg Newir.voritifitNtlaftotiaanift--- 8
Schooner William, of Liverpooi 5
Lugger Nimrod, of Castletown
Brig Providence, of Shields •• ••
Brig Mayflower, of Newcastle
Schooner Village Maid, of Fleetwood
Barque Guy Ina, of Glasgow
Brig Roman Empress, of Shields ..
Brig San Spirid.one, of Galaxide .. 2
Schooner Voador du Vouga, of Vienna .. 8
French Brig La Jeune Marie Therese .. 6
Barque Perseverance, of Scarborough .. 5
Schooner Elizabeth, of Bridgewater .. 4
Ship Danube, of Belfast •• •• •• •• 17
Schooner Borten sia, ot Hanover .. .. 4
Schooner Oregon, of Stonehaven .. 4
Brig St. Michel, of Marano .. 8
Schooner Epimachus, of Amsterdam .. 5
Barque Druid, of Sunderland
Schooner Bellona, of Red Bay.. 1
Brig Pioneer, of Carnarvon .• 1
Schooner Princess Alice, of Ipswich .. 5
Brig Minerva, of Workington
Schooner Elizabeth and Hannah, of Newburgh .. 6
Brig Sisters, of %A hitby •• 9
Brigantine Matilda, of Stockholm .. .. 4
Brig Jane, of North Shields .. .. 10
Brig Trial, of Poole
Schooner Liberty, of Dublin .. . • •
Schooner Sylphiden, of Nakskov (saved vessel and
crew) •• •• •• •• ••
Barque Frederick, of Dublin ..
Barge Peace, of London .• ••
Lugger Saucy Lass, of Lowestoft ..
Smack Adventure, of Harwich.. .. --
Pilo cutter Whim, of Lowestoft .. • • •• 7
Barque Undaunted, of Aberdeen . .. 11
Wrecked boat on Blackwater Bank, on the Irish
coast .. .. • • • . 1
Schooner Skylark, of Folkestone .. 6
Brig Lively, ot Clay, Norfolk .. 5
Schooner Rook, of Liverpool .. 3
Barque Robert Watson, of Sunderland .. .. 5
Schooner Auchincruive, of Grangemouth .. .. 6
Schooner Friends, of Lynn .. 4
Schooner Eliza Anne, of Dublin .. 5
Brig Content, of Sunderland .. 5
Smack Ellen Owens, of Cardigan
Barque Cedarine, of Bermuda
Smack Frodsham, of Liverpool
Sloop William, of Liverpool ..
Sloop Elizabeth, of Teignmouth •• •• ••
Portuguese Barque Cruz V. .. • • • •• 14
Ship tunic E. Hooper. of Baltimore, .. 18
Barque Henry Everest, of Rochester .. .. 4

.. 6
.. 1
.. 6
.. 3

.. 4
.. 19

.. 11

.. .. a
06 ..134
66 so 2
.. .. 6

Total .. •• • • •- 762
For these and other Life-boat services the Institution hae
oted £2, 458 as rewards to the crews of its Lifeboats. It haB
also granted re wards mounting to £572 for saving 502
hipwrecked persons, by shore-boats and other means, mak-
ng ct total of 1,302 persons saved from a watery grave during
'he last two years and a half.
The number of lives saved by the Life-boats of the
Society ,nd other means, since its formation, is 12,690;
for which services 82 Gold Medals, 711 Silver Medals, and
£16,0r0 in cash have been paid in rewards. The Institu-
tion has also expended £64,300 on Life-boats, Life-boat
Transporting-cart cages, and Boat-houses.
The public cannot but sympathise with the vigorous effort;
now being made by this Institution to save the lives of Ship-
v, reeked Crews. Their help was never more needed than at
he present time, when, through the extraordinary exertions
he Society has made within the past few years, it has now
One Hundred and Twenty-three Life-boats under its man-
•,g-ement, for the maintenanoe of which, in a state of thorough
efficiency, a large permanent annual income is absolutely
needed, if its humane mission is to be perpetuated.
The Committee gratefully acknowledge the following con-
tributions:—

dE 8. d
Her Majesty the Queen .. .. annual 50 0 0
A Lady at ..eith, per W. G. Slitter, Esq.. don. 100 0 0
Clerk, Colonel, R.A. .. • • .. annual 1 1 0
Cotton, Sir St. Vincent, Bart.. .. • • don. 25 0 0
Coutts and Co., Messrs., Bankers .. .. annual 10 0 0
Erle, Lord Chief Justice .. don. 10 10 0
Fanshawe, Vice-Admiral Sir A., K.C.B. .. 2d don. 25 0 0
Harvey. Rev. G. G. and Mrs. don. 80 0
Lambton, Messrs. W. H. & Co., Bankers .. don. 21 0 0
Lanesborough, the Earl of .. annual 5 0 0
Legacy of the late Wm. Lupton, Esq., of
Salford.. 100 0 0
Martin, Sir Henry, Bart. .. 7th don. 10 0 0
Moore, Rev. G. B. .. don. 15 15 0
Robartes, T. J. Agar, Esq., M.P. .. annnal 5 G 0
Stirling, Col. Sir Anthony, K.C.B. ~ annual 2 0 0
Trench, Lady Helena .. .• don. 30 0 0
Donations and Annual Suhscriptions will be thankfully re-
ceived by the Rankers of the Institution, Messrs. Willis,
Percival, and Co., 76, Lombard-street ; Messrs. Coutts and
Co., 59, Strand; Messrs. Berries, Farquhar, and Co., 16, St.
James's-street, London ; by a 1 the Bankers in the United
Kingdom; and by the Secretary, Richard Lewis, Esq., at
the Office of the Institution, 14, John-street, Adelphi, Lon-
don, W.C.

ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL. Gray's-inn-road,
in the immediate vicinity of the Great Northern Rail-
way Terminus, at King's-cross.
Patron—The QUEEN.
President—The Duke of BUCCLEUCH, E.G.
cathpaaabalse oflad.
Treasurer—Edward Masterman, Esq.
This was the first hospital to introduce the principle of free
and instant admission to the destitute sick, without the for-
mality of eovernors' letters. It is entirely devoted to desti-
tution in its most pitiable form—viz., that which is aecom-
na
Sirtifotifintghlisngtoreiatts
!panted by sickness and disease, and is now of sufficient
magnitude that, with adequate support, it may be rendered
funds in order
these the xnost 4' mwaetrrdospao li verys. Il at
rgr eeqpuiorpesor btitiotnthoet
have 500 beds available for the reception of
it gratuitously
aZitc.bed of our fellow-creatures. MoreNier,
on the average, "
than 8 medical advice and medicine to more,
The Weekly Board i 010 out-patients a week.
EARNEST APPEAL
eetnittliheir imperative duty to make an
to enable them to admit and
re_ public for continued support,
daily present themselves, uheve the diStressing cases that
Contributions are received by t
man _el . outB.4an_; he Treasurer, Edward
Macer , it. ~ Men
ealso by Messrs Coutts and
Drummond and Co. ; !Terries and Co •
Co. ; Prescott, Grote. and Co.; Smith, Payn,:.; Rdatsoo m and
and Co. ; Jones Loyd and Co.; Rarelay and aCo. iJegion
Co
.; W iliams, Deacon, and .erend .8
Co.;Messrs. J. Barnesß a •Grey. and Ca. ; Nisbet and , and Co Liverpool
~;
and at the Hospital. TAIVORD-g. §llllTAZlSoretitry

TlMES.—Commercia I prosperity,we are told, is apt
to cut its own throat, and certainly there are instances
to that effect rather fresh in our remembrance. But
England has now been assailed in what is at once
her strongest and her weak( at point, in the very
backbone of her trade. " Cut off cotton," it has
been said twenty times, " and the giant will col-
lapse." Cotton pays taxes, cotton keeps up con-
, sumption ; cotton tills the land and pays the rent,
and builds the ship, and digs the mine, and doubles
the city, and lays clown the rail, and does every-
thing. This was a precarious basis for an empire.
One was reminded of that sulphur plain in Italy,
where you have but to stamp on the ground and
you become aware that you are on the thin crust of
an extinct volcano, with perhaps an unfathomable
abyss, perhaps eternal fires, but at all events sul-
phureous vapours below you. "Beware how you
trust yourself in the power of a rival and, perhaps,
a foe." We have often been warned. "Do not
commit your very existence to the winds and waves
of the Atlantic. Do not let Washington be the
master of your destinies." These prophets of
ill did not exaggerate the direct influence of the
supply of cotton ; but they overlooked our other
vast and various resources ; and they overlooked
also our immense wealth, credit, stability, mutual
confidence and sympathy. They were blind to every-
thing but the problem on the paper before them.
We have now had a year, and sore than a year, of
the visitation which was &tit ae as-fatal and
insurmountable as the failure of provisions or fresh
water in an emigrant ship far from land. As for the
people themselves directly concerned, they are in
health and strength; so we dismiss them, and pass
on to standard and ordinary signs and tests of our
national prosperity. These are to be found in the
Financial Returns, and in the private but widely
circulated and very authoritative Trade Circulars,
from which we give extracts to-day. They tell us
exactly how
matter of fact, they
m u
wet
he standyea;r
laBn6d2, in
1862, just ended, has been a
very good average year, and that the great British
family has, with the one great exception, done as
infors that
usual, bought and sold as usual, and kept things at
very fair average prices. Indeed, it is still an open
question, and a very curious one, whether the cotton
famine has done us any mischief at all,—whether,
indeed, as one respectable firm expressly asserts, it
has not come in the very nick of time, and done us
a very opportune service by averting the mercantile
collapse and universal bankruptcy of credit that
were coming on us by over production. The
linen trade at home in the earlier part of the
year was somewhat affected by the unfortunate
condition of so many customers, but afterwards
improved so much that on the whole the home
trade of the year has been nearly as good as that
of any before. The foreign trade has been much
better than usual. For the first eleven months
the value of piece goods exported was £4,152,725,
compared with £3,335,771 in the corresponding
period of the previous year. There was also

a great increase in yarns, thread, and hosiery.
The exports to the United States alone amounted
to £1,387,611, compared with £605,453, or con-
siderably more than double. The wool trade,
if not quite so flourishing, has been in a satisfactory
state. On the whole, a very steady business has
been done throughout the year, the extended export
trade to France having, in a great measure, made
up for the falling off in other quarters. The sta.
tistics of the silk trade are remarkable. There has
been an increase of 995,4631 b. in the imports ; an
increased consumption of 1,573,2881 b.; a decrease of
103,574ib. in the stock in hand at the close of the
year ; and a rise of 10 or 15 per cent. in the prices.
There has been the largest delivery of the material
upon record. As it is believed that much of the
manufacture has not been remunerative, it is in-
ferred that the manufacthrers ran the risk of loss
in order to keep their mills open, though it does not
-seem certain that they le suffered by their bene-
volence. Linbeed, it has often been said, is a test
of both manufacturing and agricultural prosperity,
the oil being used for machinery and the cake for
cattle. This year, however, the supply has not been
equal to the demand, and prices have been high, but
fluctuating. In the oilcake trade there has been a
considerable demand for America, and several thou-
' sand quarters are now in course of shipment. The
leather trade has been slowly recovering the bank-
ruptcies of 1860, but the legitimate trade has been
good, the stock of leather in the hands of the fac-
tors has been low, scarcely any " stale" goods are to
be met, prices have been unusually steady, and the
manufacturer is now in a better condition than a
twelvemonth ago. In the wine and spirit trade the
course of the market, we are told, has been uniform
and steady. Low wines, as a rule, have been in
abundant supply, and have somewhat yielded in
value, while fine wines of all descriptions, and espe-
cially sherries, have shown a decided advance,
which seems likely not only to be maintained, but
even increased. In the comparison of the last year
with the previous the imports have been 109,350
pipes, against 103,300 ; the home delivery 92,220,
against 101,852 ; the export delivery 92,220, against
101,852; the export delivery rather more, the stock
in hand rather less. It is observed that Hungary is
the only country that seems to have made use of
the International Exhibition to offer us a reasonable
prospect of a new source of supply. The character
of the continental vintages is beside our present pur-
pose of comparing the two years, but, in general
they have not been such as to depreciate the value
of existing stocks. The tobacco trade is now a war
question; and we know not whether the consumers
of the weed will be grateful for the intelligence, but
_ _

it appears we are able to do without Virginia much
more easily than was ever anticipated. The " pro-
duce" markets are in as satisfactory a state as could
possibly be expected. Sugar stocks have increased
about six per cent., and prices have become weak in
proportion. The fluctuations, however, have not
been severe; the lowest was reached in November,
and the market, though inactive, has since had a
better time. In the cheese trade there have not
only been increased production and an immense
importation from America, but also a larger demand.
At present, however, the prices of cheese, as well as
of butter and bacon, are somewhat lower than a
twelvemonth ago. Turpentine and petroleum have
exhibited the most extraordinary fluctuations,
owing to the altern ite currents of the former from
the United States and the novelty of the latter
material. Here our list ends. It would be diffi-
cult to conclude from these returns, did one not
happen to know it beforehand, that the people
whose markets we are describing had just been over-
taken by a calamity long since thought certain to
plunge them in utter ruin. The thirty million
victims on whom the overhanging rock of Tantalus
has at last fallen go on, as a whole, very much as
usual, eating, drinking, working, enjoying them-
selves, prosecuting their several industries, and
holding their ground in the commerce of the world.
Misfortunes so borne is more dignified and more
demonstrative of the national stability and the
soundness of our institutions than those violent
flushes of prosperity which statesmen have some-
times been tempted to tell us are the ordinary and
legitimate result of wise legislation.

DAILY NEWS.-Our social science has really put
in our power far more simple and far more effectual
methods of dealing with fire than we have yet
chosen to use. In raising and storing water to such
elevations as are required for the supply of the
highest houses in the City, we are furnished with
a constant force, by which we can apply it in-
stantaneously to the extinction of burning
materials, and which far transcends the capa-
city of the most powerful fire-engines. These,
in fact, only accomplish, in the feeble degree re-
presented by a dozen men at the handles, or at
most by a steam-engine of a few horse power,
what has been accomplished a million times more

effectually by the accumulated exertion of the
great pumping engines of the water companies.
These last have already raised water from the
Thames to the amount of a hundred millions of
gallons a day, and to a height exceeding that to
which any fire-engine can throw it, and they have
stored up this enormous quantity in such a way
that a child, by turning a tap, could apply the
whole wherever it is wanted. There are two ways
in which such an application might be arranged.
The one is the system of " constant service," or the
keeping the mains constantly charged with full
pressure. This system the companies are bound by
statute to adopt in any district in which it may be
demanded by a certain majority of the inhabitants.
But it involves the necessity of a pretty close and
frequent inspection by the officers of the companies,
in order to see that the water is not allowed to run
to waste, and for this and some other reasons it
has not been generally adopted. But the result
might as easily be obtained by less objectionable
means. If every house were compelled by law to
have a cistern of large capacity immediately under
the roof, there would be a supply abundantly suf-
ficient for any ordinary fire, and even in extraordi-
nary cases enough to last till the mains could be
turned on. An iron pipe led from this cistern down
the inside wall of the house, fitted on each floor with
a" union" by means of which a short indiarubber
hose could be attached in a moment, would enable
a stream to be directed on the flames within a few
minutes of their discovery. Every policeman
should -be instructed-ia-thou a£-doing thisl
and if it is thought too much to require each house
to keep a hose, it might at least be a regulation
that every licensed victualler's, or public-house,
should keep one, which the policeman of the beat
might without delay obtain and carry to the place
where it is required. It is obvious that a very mo-
derate degree of regular inspection would preserve
this simple apparatus in ready working order, and
as it would furnish a copious and immediate supply
of water available for every part of the house ex-
cept the roof itself, where fires scarcely ever origi-
nate, it is quite certain that it would succeed in
rendering them a thousandfold less destructive, and
would speedily repay its cost by the reduction which
it would enable the insurance companies to make in
their rates. That a system so easy has in very few in-
stances been already voluntarily adopted is probably
due in a great measure to the absurdity of the
rules by which we have authorised the water
companies to tax us. These bodies, not content
with a rate according to the rental, are entitled to
charge a further sum for every cistern which a
house contains. So, though the fire cistern might
stand for 20 years without a drop being drawn from
it, there would still be an annual fine of 10s. charged
for filling it ! This pernicious rule is, however,
the creature of law, and might by law be abolished
or modified. There is no more difficulty in measur-
ing water than in measuring gas, and there is no
greater reason in the one case than in the other
why we should pay for more than we consume.
Nor can any sound objection be taken to a munici-
pal regulation which should enforce the adoption of
such means of security against fire as we have indi-
cated. We already invade the Englishman's castle
so far as is necessary to compel him to build it sub-
ject to certain rules, and to fit it up with suitable
drains. To require him to keep a receptacle for water
in a position w here it will cause him no inconvenience,
and to allow an occasional inspection to see that it has
not leaked, and that the pipe and'' unions" are in
proper order, is a very trivial attack upon his liber-
ties. If indeed he were to claim only the right to
burn himself down, we might not think it worth
while to interfere. But the privilege of being the
incendiary also of his family and servants, his
neighbours, and perhaps his whole street, is more
than he can reasonably demand of the British con-
stitution. We commend, therefore, to the public
the consideration of the means of security we have
suggested. The question resolves itself into the in-
quiry whether they will continue a system which
at the best leaves a conflagration a full half hour
before it can be grappled with, and then involves,
even if the fire is checked, an immense destruc-

tion of property by the volumes of water re-
quired for its extinction ; or whether they will
enforce the adoption of precautions which would,
while interfering with no other remedy, permit
the first discoverer of a fire to direct upon it,
without the loss of five minutes of time, a mode-
rate but probably sufficient stream to prevent its
extension beyond the first apartment in which it
had broken out.

The Great Frauds upon the 'United States

Government.

(From the New York Evening Express of Dcc. 26, 1862.)
The recent heavy frauds by contractors who fur-
nished rations to the soldiers in this city, led to the
appointment of Mr. Olcott as a special commissioner
to investigate the circumstances connected with each
case in which the Government was swindled. The
commission was merely intended to collect evidence
to bring the guilty to punishment in the ordinary
courts, if civilians. The military officers who are
involved in the frauds are to be the subjects of
courts-martial. Commissioner Olcott having kindly
invited the members of the press to his office this
afternoon, to note the progress made in the investi-
gation, furnished each reporter present with the
basis of the following report :—" The commission
was opened on the Ist of November, since which
time nearly 200 witnesses have been examined. The
interpreters, a secretary who has taken notes of
the examination in short hand, several copyists and
detectives have been employed. The bills examined
were those presented ostensibly for the board and
lodging of troops previous to their being sworn into
the United States service,and formed into companies.
For this object 20,000,000 dole. were appropriated
under the heading, for recruiting, organising, and
drilling soldiers into the United States services."
The frauds which Mr. Olcott succeeded in bringing
into publio light are of a startling character,which
show that there was a conspiracy to swinole the
Government by several of its sworn agents, who
may be numbered by hundreds. It was not until
after the commencement of the present year tnat
the frauds which are the subject of the present in-
vestigation occurred. In the spring of this year the
swindling was extensive, as that time there were
numerous squads of troops scattered over the city
who were not mustered into the service of the
United States for some time. There are two classes
of contractors—one who have an agreement with
the State authorities or United States, by proposals,
to furnish soldiers with rations—the other, the spe-
cial contractors, who provide squads of men newly
recruited, and not organised into companies or mus-
tered into the United States services, with board
and lodging. The frauds belong to the latter class
and their abettors. As soup as the commission was
opened, Mr. Olcott sent to the Dishursing-office and
obtained all bills over 100 dols. for lodging and sub-
., troops. The commissioner then had
the contractors brought before him, when
in many instances the startling discovery
was made that the names of many of
this class had been forged on the necessary
the
PaPelrns
to obtain the amount of the fraudulent bills.
many instances the names of private citizens
were in no way connected with prov rII g
for thew
d
troops were placed on the necessary pap.ders ;
The
the amounts thusfro,rti
hasfied
disclosedereat n
atohnaecnefnapecrat.l thatarr thegtee
investigation, so fa
frauds commenced in the following
number of contractors, who waited for weeks and
months at the Disbursing-office to receive the
amount of their bills, were compelled to sell them
to brokers. This circumstance opened a now avenue
for the thrift of the latter class, and they soon em-
ployed agents to run round the small contractors of
this city and purchase their bills at about 25 per
cent. discount, The claimants sere principally lager

to get his bill
When one of the German contractors
rn-would state there were several informa-
whom the soldiers had
pers, with
btbwheooeeaurrbl
dsdraeodl
endeavourko,eo
cashedby a broker,
lities in it, tear it up, and prepare a new one. If
the amount•Vas, say, 25 dols., the broker would
alter it to 2,500 dole., and having the contractor's
signature, obtain the amount without any questions
being asked at the Disbursing-office. Over 1,000
persons are at present implicated, and the investi-
gation has not yet been closed. Over 50 per cent.
of the six millions of dollars which has already been
spent out of the fund of 20 million dole. is supposed
to have been paid on fraUdulent claims throughout
the country.

(From the New York World of Dec. 27.)

Col. H. S. Olcott is the special commissioner ap-
pointed by the Government to make the investiga-
tion. He has employed an interpreter and a short-
hand writer. The investigation has been private,
for the reason, it is alleged, that if public the parties
, most guilty would run away from the city before
they could be secured. The results of the inquiry
show, Col. Olcott thinks, that out of the 1,600,000
dols. which has been paid out in this city for the
subsistence of soldiers, over 700,000 dols. has been
paid on fraudulent accounts. The means by which
these frauds have been accomplished have also been
developed, and show, it is said, that nearly 1,000
persons have been engaged in them, though all are
not criminally implicated.
Such a mass of evidence has b6en accumulated as
will, ii"itiliColtk biiliecurcr cOniictron and
ishment of the parties who have been robbing the
Government. The evidence collected in the case
is to be given to the Government eounsel, to be
presented to the civil courts where the parties im-
plicated are civilians, and to courts-martial in the
case of army officers. The investigation has been
mostly confined to frauds in the subsistent depart-
ment. The frauds in this city are allowed to be a
sample of what is going on all over the United
States in the one item of subsistence and lodging,
though in fact it is going on in every department.
Similar investigations have been instituted in
other places by Judge Holt, Judge Shipman, and
Col. Owen. It is hinted by those who ought to know
that perhaps a great deal of the fraud is connived at
by the Government disbursing officers. It will be
remembered that when the war broke out Congress
was not in session, and no appropriation had been
made for defraying the expenses of recruiting the
regiments of volunteers. The expenses of recruiting
the regiments that were raised in this city were
paid either by the friends of the colonel and regi-
mental officers of each, by a general subscription
from citizens, or subsequently by the Union Defence
Committee. But some time in August, Congress being
then in session, made an appropriation of 20,000,000
dols. " for recruiting, organising, and drilling vo-
lunteers, and by the provisions of the act the Adju-
tant-General's department was the custodian of the
fund, and the mustering officers in the different
cities were made disbursing officers.
Col. D. B. Sackett, then inspector in the United
States army, was detailed on duty here as muster-
ing officer, assisted by several other army officers.
In the tush of volunteering in answer to the Presi-
dent's call, these gentlemen were overwhelmed with
business, and so a building was hired in White-
street especially for the disbursing business. The
first appropriation received was 6,000 dols., which
was exhausted in three or four days; for as soon as
it became known that the Government was prepared
to pay the recruiting, the contractors came down
upon Col. Sackett in a swarm. The 5,000 dole. used
up, he received no more money for three or four
weeks, and during this time the bills were accumu-
lating in his office by scores daily, and the office
was crowded with people clamorousfor pay. Finally
he received another cheque from Washington for
about 100,000 dole., which he paid out; and then,
late in November, came a further instalment of
about an equal amount. The bill for subsis,ende and
lodging of recruits comp,isys a sptcific statement of
the number of rations and of lodgings furnislied.M.
separate accounts; and, moreover, a general state-
ment of the aggregate of the whole is required.
These should be certified to by the recruiting offi-
cer, and the special contractor, and endorsed as ap-
proved by the colonel, but in the haste and confu-
sion of the moment, in some cases the colonel's name
was omitted. Col. Sackett, on assuming the busi-
ness, wrote to the Comptroller of the Treasury ask-
ing how far the certificates of the volunteer officers
should be taken, and whether their affidavits should
not be required. In the regular army, as is well
known, the word of an officer was as good as an-
other man's bond, and his certificate was conclu-
sive with a disbursing officer, but whether the
same rule should be followed with volunteer officers
was questionable. Colonel Sackett received no
reply from Washington ; the letter was referred
by the Comptroller to the Secretary of War, who
did not notice it. Colonel; Sackett being thrown
upon his own judgment, acted as he thought best
under the circumstances, requiring affidavits in
most cases.

There are two kinds of army contractors, the
general contractor who puts in his bid in answer to
the advertisement of the United States officers, who
is paid at regular intervals, and who gives security
for the performance of his contract. The special
contractors are keepers of lager-beer saloons, board-
ing-house keepers, and these arc the ones who have
perpetrated the frauds, or who have been made the
instruments for their perpetration. These men
boarded recruits till officers had obtained men
enough to take to camp, and under various other
circumstances. When the tremendous pressure
and there
essurere-
ferred to came upon the disbursing office,
was no money to pay these little bills, the owners
of them would become impatient, and many were
finally driven to negotiate with brokers, and dis-
pose of their claims at a discount. These brokers
commenced this business a little over a year ago in
a small way, sharing bills for ten per cent., and
sometimes for fifteen, or even as high as 75 per
cent. The broker, by the time the disbursing officer
would get an instalm2nt of money from Washing-
ton, would have advanced money on a large number
of bills, which he would present in one batch and
get a cheque for the whole amount. The disburs-
ing officer endeavoured, it is stated, to protect the
Government as much as possible from fraud, requir-
ing in many cases an affidavit from the special con-
tractor, and employing a detective to go about the
city and inquire about the probable validity of the
claims presented for payment. If the recruiting
officers and these detectives had been honest, it
is averred that there would have been no pay-
ment of fraudulent claims. But this was not
ri 00 vke r a
a.e
busi-
ness Colonel
herebl
the case. Colonel Nicholst
and during
Sackett on the 11th of December, the
and it went on larger and
latter part of his term of office
continued till the 26th was in full blast,
when Captain Larned took
larger until Micleumni,i.er,,,
charge of the office.
.-ne assumed
.dhuotfi e
August,s on th
9th of June and.conti
when he was relieved b 3 Lieut.-Col. Reeve, who is
now in charge. About the commencement of the pre-
sent year the brokers ePtme to have a large business
connexion, employed runners to go about the city
and get up fair bills and make out false ones—not
satisfied wit h
theenormotous profit they were making
from the discounting
bills. They soon entered
largely into the making up of bills that were wholly
bogus. A clerk would make out an imaginary ac-
count and get a man to sign it through false repro-
sentatioo. A special contractor (in most cases an
ignotant German) would be asked to sign a blank
as a matter of form, and then the blanks would be
made into a regular bill and presented for payment.
Sometimes the recruiting officer would be in league
with the broker, and in other cases his name would
be forged. The following was another mode of
swindling extensively practised. An agent of a
broker would go about the city and find lager-beer
saloon keepers and others who had boarded recruits.

tare, and then on the pap
out for 2,000 or 3,000 dols. Not content with grin-d-
-ing the Government in that way, they would ..take
at random some man in the city and forge hiti sig-
nature, and also the signature of the colonelpf the
regiment, and the recruiting officer and broker
would diaide the spoils. Evidences of many cases
of this kind have been developed. Thirty or forty
forgeries have been discovered in the course of the
investigation.
Three classes of forgeries have transpired;- one
where the special contractor is induced to sign
blanks; another, where the names of the special
contractor and the colonel of the regiment are forged;
and a third, where a man has a small bill against
the Government-100 dollars or so—goes, to the
broker, and the broker, looking at his paper, tears
it, saying it is not correctly made out, buys the claim
for 50 dollars, then says to the man, " You come
here at such a time and I will have your bill rightly
made out." The man, when he comes, is shown one
leaf of the bill ; on that is about the amount of
which
money he claims, and he is told there are other bills
whenihae
was
xtf
told
th hiseNv mh billeurse t is
ha ewmeaa
wasdr et
tohe out
bill to
sign
his
w
taompouutntwtiot h it,
o dollars or more.
2,00
1,500 doll.
dienide.uceNd
etpoerstigenf
thehi
paper his
nameas m
o to
ree a.
c bill
I he
The Then supposed was for 25 dols.,
ncar
h e
notary, without swearing him or whenln one
iwn a factesass
he
oiatwGWn aehsrifo:rile i
asking him any questions, made him sign his name,
and then the notary affixed his notarial seal.
There are cases where the Union Defence Com-
mittee had paid regularly 44 cents per ration to con-
tractors, where the contractor was pledged to pay
to the colonel of the regiment S cents per ration,
and to give the quartermaster 10 per cent. on his
gross receipts. It has transpired, too, that officers
have ordered orderly sergeants to return each day a*
'lava numberJaijusa than was actually, subsisted:"":
After this investigation bad been for some time
in progress, the Secretary of War placed in Colonel
Olcott's hands a bill which had been presented at
Washington by the officer of a New York regiment
to the correectness of which he had made a sworn
affidavit. The bill was accompanied by a dozen sub-
vouchers, which Col. Olcott found on examination
contained only two real names among the, whole,
and these two names were forgeries, The colonel
had perjured himself and perpetrated a forgery be-
sides. This led to an investigation concerning him,
and it was found that he had swindled the Union
Defence Committee, swindled many citizens of New
York who had subscribed largely for him, and
swindled also the general government and the offi-
cers and soldiers of his regiment, and that he had
made out of his frauds probably 100,000 dols. He
had turned officers out of the regiment on frivolous
pretexts, had systematically sold commissions, and
been engaged in wholesale swindling.
Col. Olcott has received orders to thoroughly in-
vestigate the history of the organisation of other re-
giments. The regiment above referred to is now in
the service, with the veritable colonel at its head.
When the particulars of the developments in that
case comes to the public, as they soon will, they will
show some rich and racy as well as extraordinary
transactions, The colonel is proved to have run the
career of a chevalier d'industrie for several years,
and yet has received indorsements from some of the
best men in the service.

Within a week after the commission had com-
menced its investigations false bills to the amount
of many thousand dollars, that had been prepared,
were withdrawn and destroyed, and one bill for
6,000 dols. was ready for presentation, so that much
has been saved to the Government by the investiga-
tion, besides being instrumental in bringing the
guilty parties to justice.

A ROMANCE IN THE COUNTY COURT.

A case involving particulars of a singular and
somewhat mysterious nature was tried in the
Brighton County Court on Saturday. The plaintiff
was William Moncrieff, a cabinet maker in the ser-
vice of Messrs. Hall and Harding, North-street, and
was represented by Mr. Penfold. The defendant
was Dr. Alfred Hall, for whom Mr. Lamb appeared.
It seems that about five years ago Dr. Hal called
upon the plaintiff respecting the :are of a child
whose parents plaintiff knew nothing about. Two
au.m.5..at..00 and £25 had, under an agreement, been
paid for the maintenance tifidrlttif child -be-
coming attached to plaintiff, defendant agreed to
give him £7O to entirely adopt the child, and pro-
mising that, if all went well, he would in the coulee
of 12 or 18 months give an additional £lO. This
£lO was the point in dispute. Evidence was given
by the plaintiff and his wife as to the terms agreed
upon by the defendant. In defence, Dr. Ball de-
posed that by the instructions of other parties, he
introduced the chili in question to plaintiff and
his wife, and it was registered as their child, and
from time to time he paid the money to them
which he had received from the principals for its
support. The duty being somewhat disagreeable,
and fearing that he might be mixed up with
it, and become liable for the payments he
asked plaintiff's wife whether, if he could get a sum.
down, she would adopt the hild, at the same time
telling her that the mother of the child was a young
lady, dependent upon a grandmother, who was a
widow of limited means, and that the father was a
married man, dependent upon his wife's income.
The sum of £5O was mentioned, and she consulted
with her husband. It was declined, and he (Dr.
Hall) then obtained £7O, which they
agreed to
accept, and gave an acknowledgment for it, at the
same time offering £lO for professional services
which had been rendered to himself and wife, but
which he (Dr. Hall) refused to take, and said, as
they had been so kind to the child, he would if he
could at some at some future time get another £lO,
but he was sure the grandmother had had great
I difficulty in scraping that £7O together. He (de-
fendant) heard nothing of plaintiff for three years
after the £7O was paid. In answer to Mr. Penfold,
Dr. Hall said he did not wish to give the names of
the parents of the child, as the mother was still
living, but the father was now dead. Still he would
do so rather than have the paternity fixed upon,
himself, and would only do so then for the sake of
his professional reputation. Mr. Penfold said under
those circumstances he would not press for an an-
swer. The judge was of opinion that the plaintiff
accepted the £7O in full of all demands, and gave a
verdict for the defendant.— West Sussex Gazette.

A FRONTISPIECE TO A CHRISTMAS ANNuAlt•—•
The only establishment in the city of London where tho
right ancient custom still exists of surrendering tho shop to
the entire control of its andfore:aanwell
fts decorations, appears to aPPre
employes have
a model for hr
of t-
be that of Osborne'S provision
executedtiCis
tu a
warehouse on Ludgate. hill. Thit, year the
shown a Phiz-like talent,
Hunting Field. Perhaps some latent meaning lurks in
~ the meet,,, 66 the hounds giving tongue," and the good
gwho are riding.
cheesehi
I): theits , o,There is one amongst
ltohookliantte:_ chaps"
a right royal rider—who giving " Ham" the
cold shoulder, saves his " bacon" by a rash leap, and thus
avoids „ ~rasher," Perhaps in " Tally Ho" we have the
ii Tally," formerly used in this trade, and in the shape of
which
hich while
htohuse
ekeepe
rs ensemble
take
oy
tob be
"find"symbolical
th the
othfethe4,
best " cover" for provisions, but this would scarcely apply,
if it be true, that the Osborne preserves cannot be
" beaten."

EXTRAORDINARY CASE OF ARSON.—Great ex-
citement was occasioned at King's Lynn on Wed-
nesday in consequence of e. bookseller (who for many years
has maintained a respectable position in the town), named
Johu Robinson Smith, having set fire to his premises, with
the intention, it is supposed, of burning his wife alive.
Smith, who has of late years been somewhat reduced in
circumstances, seems to have been much ann,yed because
of:his inability to get possession of some property which his
wife has in her own right. The poor woman appears to be
bed-ridden, and he had been heard to threaten to kill her.
On Wednesday morning he proceeded to carry his threat
into execution, by lighting a bonfire of papers, books,
writing-desks, &c., in a back room with a boarded floor
into which the stairs led, so that there could be no way of
escape but through the flames, if even the poor invalid
could have crawled out of bed. Tho attention of -ergeatat
Butcher was attracted by the smell of fire, and by noticing
the smoke issuing from the shop door at about four o'clock
on Wednesday morning. He tried the door, found it un-
fastened, and then discovered Smith watching the progress
of the flames, which were spreading to the furniture and
woodwork of the room, ready, it is supposed, to decamp so
soon as the fire had gained a sufficient hold. To the officer's
query, "What are
you about ?" he replied, ccWarming
the house." Butcher at once set to work, found some
water, and by almost superhuman effort succeeded in ex-
tinguishing the flames. Smith in the meantime decamped.
The poor woman, his wife, was almost suffocated by the
smoke. Smith has been taken before one of the borough
magistrates, and remanded on the charge of arson,

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-
GARDEN.
Under the Management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W.
Harrison. Sole Lessees.
THIS EVENING, to commence with HUY BLAS: Miss
Louise Pyne, Miss Susa - Fyne, Miss ThirlwalL and Madame
Laura Baxter; Niessrs. Sant ley, Patey, Lyall, AynsleyCooke,
E. Dussek, and W. Harrison.
Conductor—Mr. A. Mellon.
After which, the Grand Comic Christmas Pantomime, en-
titled HARLEQUIN BEAUTY AND THE BEAST.
o rs open at hall-past 6—Commence at 7.

THE ATR E-R YA L, DRURY-LANE.-
Lessee and Manager; Mr. F:dmund Falconer.
THIS EVEN ING, the Comio Drama of THE NEXT OF
KIN. _ _

---After which, the Grand Pantomime of LITTLE Go DDY
TWO SHOES.

Commence at

THEATRE-R 0 t ray., HAY MARKET.
Lessee. Mr. J. B. Buckstone.
THIS EVENING, at Seven o'clock, will be performed
UR AMERICAN COUSIN. Asa Trenchard, Mr. Buck-
atone ; Lord Dundreary, Mr. Sothern.
After which, a new and original Extravaganza, entitled
RASSELAS, PRINCE OF ABYSSINIA; or, The Happy
Valley. Rasselas, Miss Louise Kegley.
Concluding with MRS. WHITE.

YCEUNI THEATRE ROYAL, Will OPEN,
-1-1 under the Sole Management of Mr. FECHTER, on
SATURDAY, January 10.
The perfermances will commence with an Original Sketch,
entitled A SUDDEN ATTACK, in which Messrs. Shore,
Garden, H. Widdicomb, Miss Henrade, and Mrs. Lee will
appear.

After which, at a Quarter to Eight, a New Romantic
Drama, in Three Acts, and Pr3logue, entitled THE
DUKE'S MOTTO, by Paul Feval and John Brougham.
Esq. The principal character will be sustained by 111.:
Pechter, supported by Messrs. G. Vining', J. Brous' -EL
widdicombe, 3l'lntyre, F. Charles, Garden, Rayraoll—' E.
Butler, Dawson; Misses Carlotta Leclercq, Kate Terry
Lavenue, and Elsworthy.
engaged,
and
e
Mr. Phelps and Mr. Walter Montgomery are -
will shortly appear.
rtormanoe to com-
Doors open at half-past Six o'clock, ri,e2a. d, and £2 2s.
mence at Seven. Private Boxes,
4.2 s Circle, 58. fld. ; Upper
Places registered. Stalls, Cis. 6d. ; Pre- • ; Dress Circle, sa• ;
Circle, 4s. bd. Prices at doors—steps,
Upper irele, 4s • Pit, 25. ; stag
No half-price. Box-
e-Manager, Mr. G.
office open from Mr. H. Barnett.
Vining; Acting-Manag!-"
1 tut 5.

vE w ,KA TRE-R0 SCAL, ADELPHI.—
sole prove.t.or and Manager, Mr. B. Webster.
THIS EVENING, A TICKET OF LEAVE : Messrs. J
L. Toole, P. Bedford, and Mrs. Billington.
After which. MARGERY DAW.
To conclude with " GEORGE DE BARNWELL :
or, narlequin Folly in the Realms of Fancy." Miss Woolgar,
NED'S IC Kelly, Miss Seaman ; Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bed-
ford, slephenson, C. J. Smith. Harlequin, Mr. John Lauri;
t,olumbine, Miss Caroline Adams ; Clown, Mr. W. Hildyard
'a ntaloon, Mr. J. Paulo. The celebrated Arthur and
Bertrand.

Commence at 7.

ROYA LL.sPeeßanldNmaCnnE
eSr,Sn'Sr
LiTimp.E AT RE

THIS EVENING, THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE. Mr. A.
Marston, Mr. Wallace ; Miss Constance Aylmer, Miss M.
Oliver. and Mrs. B. White.
After which, the New Grand CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME,
" RIQUET WITH THE rUFT ; or, Harlequin and Mother.
Shipton." Mr. G. Belmore, Mr. C. Seyton, Misses Gray and
Hudspeth, Mr. Milano, 31r. R. Power, Miss A. Collinson, and
31r. Haltord,
•

The WEATHER.--Sun Office, Jan. 9, 1863.

THERMOMETER.

Highest since Noon yesterday.
Lowest during the night 4l
This day at Noon .. 29
38
Barometer-29.73.

Wind—Sonth•eaot, light. Weather cold and dull.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
TII DA.7.—Morning, 4h. 40m.—Afternoon, 4h. 55m.
To-moi).Row.-Morning, sh. 10m.—Afternoon, sh. 30m.

1~~~

jai rllrll,f
~ I~=~' o

-3111,,

LONDON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 9, 18e3.

The soldierly courage of the Federals at Frede-
ricksburg has at last been disputed. An eye-wit-
ness, who beheld the successive attacks and repulses
from a station on the north of the Rappahannock,
commanding the best view of the whole, gives a
mortifying account of the " skedaddling" of nearly
all the northern battalions, as they came actually
under the Confederate fire. It is mortifying be-
cause, as Englishmen, we feel a pride in the steady
courage of our own race under all circumstances,

and because we like to see disaster, if disaster must
be, without dishonour. Notwithstanding the re-
portS of General BURNSIDE acd the thanks of the
PRESIDENT, it is difficult to refuse credit to the
circumstantial accounts of the Canadian surgeon.
He says, too, writing from headquarters, that the
highest officers " do not pretend to conceal that the
Union forces never fought so badly." He denies
the impregnability of the positions, and believes
that a European army of one-fourth the Federal
size would have " carried them with a rush." He
denies that the position of the Confederates could
be compared at all, in point of strength, with that
of the Russians at Alma, so promptly carried by
the Allies; tells us that the attacking divisicns
turned back, more like mobs than soldiers, and
that the greater part of the loss was among the
skulkefs at Fredericksburg. This last remark
looks to us most like gratuitous supposi-
tion; moreover, it was what the spectator from
" Philips Mansion" could not possibly see. The
cause of all this " carnival of cowardice," as the
Canadian doctor terms it, he conceives to be the
raw character of the recruits who formed the greater
part of the army. They were only in small part
the men who had been disciplined and seasoned in
M'CLELLAN's campaigns, and the great numbers
who were frightened at being the first time under
fire threw all the others into confusion. He tells
also that the Confederate line was so long that he
seems to justify BURNSIDE from the general charge
made against him of imprudence in venturing on
the attack, since it ought to have been pierced, as
the general intended, without serious difficulty. If
so, the PRESIDENT, however, in the surgeon's view,
he erred in matter of fact iu praising the courage
of the troops, did Rot err in describig the failure
as an " accident." We must leave the question
the
fight it stands. An unknown spectator of
fight attributes the failure to the deticiett Courage
of the troops, the military officials to the impreg..
nability of the position, and the PRESIDENT to
accident. Possible there was in it something of all

three.
But whatever might be the want of military
courage at Fredericksburg, there seems to be no
want of financial courage at Washington. Mr.
Secretary CHASE does not flinch from the most
formidable financial undertakings, The Committee
of Ways and Means asks of him a bill embodying
his views; he fearlessly sends them one for not less
than £180.000,000. Ofthis huge amountL6o,ooo,ooo
is to meet the expenses of the current year, that is
till next June,
the remaining £120,000,000 are for
the year which
is to terminate in June, 1864.
Whether human recruits
can be obtained in suffi-
cient numbers or not, Mr. cruksz is quite deter-
mined that the paper sinews of war shall not be
wanting. The pecuniary temptation to bounty
seekers, and to contractors, is not to bo
in
He may be, indeed, quite sure, that so lonwganatshg.
he
can show by any devices, a full treasury, there will
be no want of stout advocates for perseverance in
if
the war. It is also prudent for him to get,he
can, the supplies voted till 1864 by the present
Congress. After March the Democrats will be in
power ; and were an extra session then convened
to provide the " ways and means," they might bring
the war to a standstill at once by parsimonious
votes. The Appropriation Bill to be voted by this
Congress cannot, however, we believe, extend over
the close of this year, when the Democratic Con-
gress will assemble ; but if the " ways and means'
he has Provided extend to the following June, i,
w:11 not be easy to prevent existing supplies fromt
passing into the hands of the PRESIDENT.

Mr. CHASE'S reliance for raising the money Bp-
peari3 to be entirely I
man°, under different names.
The total of the produce of the innumerable taxes
ho therefore, no doubt, expects will be consumed in
meeting the interest of fouler loans, and of those
which he now proposes to raise. A favourite mode
appears to be, still, a kind of Exchequer Bills, as we
should term them, bonds bearing seven and a half

per cent. interest—that rate being selected because

for a fifty dollar bond the interest is just a cent
(one halfpenny) per day, and proportionably for
larger amounts; rendering the daily value of the
bonds a matter of such easy calculation as to make
them as commercially convenient as simple money.
To this old plan he proposes to add now a small
bond or note circulation, bearing 3.65 interest, or
half a cent per day. These bonds, though proba-
bly creditors wuuld, generally, be but too glad to
get them, do not seem to be "legal tender." That
privilege Mr. CHASE reserves for "Legal Tender
Notes" ;tearing no interest.

This last proposal, if carried out,
will be the
most important commercial event of the war. He
does nut appear to think of proposing to make
these notes redeemable in gold ; their security is to
be, if we understand the brief account correctly,
United States bonds. Thus, should the Govern-
ment issue the " legal tender notes" in excess of
the wants of trade, they will come back to its
hands to be replaced by bonds bearing a
heavy interest. Now it is obvious that in this
way, unless the " Legal Tender" issues be carefully
limited by Congress, the Administration might,
through them, raise a loan to any extent it pleased.
It would merely have to issue its notes ; and, when
they came back, through redundancy, to exchange
them for interest-bearing bonds, and the country
would be saddled with a loan to that extent. Mr.
CHASE proposes to authorise banking associations
throughout the States, to issue these notes. The
associations to be responsible for paying them in
the first instance—we presume by holding a suffi-
cient capital of United States bonds—and of course
the Government to be ultimately responsible. Thus
these banks, in proportion to their issues, would be
compelled to take the Government loans. The
whole scheme is a complete subversion of the JACK-
SON policy, of refusing to Government the power to
issue money. That policy was adopted for purely
political reasons, the fear of leaving so much power
in the hands of a rival political party being the real
motive. Travellers in America have all found the
consequences of it to be, to the last degree, incon-
venient. Dollars are a cumbrous currency, and
there is no paper which passes universally current.
All describe it as a hopeless study to ascertain
in one State the banks whose paper is of full
value in another. The traveller has to sub-
mit to discounts, and not unfrequently to
the rejection of his note as worthless ; and even
Americans themselves, in passing to somewhat
distant localities, are frequently at a loss. Should
the war issue in leaving the country in possession
of a universal Government paper circulation, it
will at least confer on it one commercial benefit.
It remains to be seen whether the local banks will
surrender their present freedom from Government
competition without a fierce struggle.
While Mr. CHASE is thus proposing to raise
money, or the substitutes for money, we receive sad
accounts of the way in which past loans have been
squandered. A sum of £320,000 had been appro-
priated "in one city" alone for " recruiting, orga-
nizing, and drilling volunteers." It is said that
nearly half this sum waid on fraudulent accounts !
Nearly one thousand persons were implicated,
though not all criminally. Many merchants and
brokers in New York are involved, as the result of
a secret investigation which has been going on for
two months. It is certainly one of the results of
war, most trying of all to the temper and patience
of a country, to find its own subjects taking frau-
dulent advantage of its difficulties. England has
nothing, alas, to boast of, in this respect. The
only thing we have to blame in the Americans, is,
their trusting, without supervision, the virtue of
their citizens. We cannot afford to do it.

1 I On Thursday Mr. CARDWELL made a speech at
the dinner of the Oxford Friendly Association. His
remarks are worthy of attention, from the earnest
manner in which he expressed himself. He said he
had peculiar pleasure in the meeting because he be-
lieved the society " destined to increase the comfort
and promote the prosperity of the people, and in the
hour of adversity to mitigate the sorrows of a large
body of honest, industrious, and frugal men." He
proceeded to state that the principle on which the
society was founded, was that of independence based
upon frugality, and the principle of union carried it
into effect. There is great truth in his remarks on
the value of independence as a social virtue, and a
national blessing, end the necessity of ensuring
that independence in its integral state and full
vigour, by making a timely provision and necessary
saving. He then explained the important results
that flow from small beginnings in these words :
" You know that all wealth, even the wealth which
constitutes the pride and power of this country,

sprang originally from the savings made by honest
men and frugal men, Pud which savings, although
originally small in their beginning, are large and
important in their collective aggregate, just as the
rivers which fertilise the country run into and swell
the great ocean that bears upon its bosom the fleets
of commerce are filled by those small streams which
we ourselves see trickling down the hills of our re-
spective neighbourhoods, and which in their begin-
ning are so small and so comparatively insignifi
cant. So it is with the great aggregate of the pro
duce of industry and the wealth which flows from
it; it is made up of the collective industry of indi-
viduals, all tending towards the production of one
1 great result."

There is encouragement in this to all wavering
and hesitating minds, who satisfy their consciences
and also often consult their secret indolence by ne-
glecting to put by anything on the pretext that so
little can do no good. This is a great mistake, and
may result in a fatal error if not timely averted.
Mr. CARDWELL stated that formerly there was
every allo xance to be made, since no adequate Ls-
sistance was provided for the working man to en-

• courage him to save. However, now, I happily in
the general advancement of the nation, a change
had taken place; and, in the first place, there had
been adopted a system of savings banks, which was
the means of aggregating many millions. Then,
lagain, private enterprise had also conduced to the
I happy result. The object of the association which
they met to celebrate that night was" a,s,
tnootfubrelhiisnhd the
others in interest. Its atul
re-
sources by their
suffering and sickness,
savings to the individuals who
belong to it in their hours of s
which are an aggravation of the pain of bereave
went; for, depend upon it, that povertyavery
great aggravation of suffering at 50th is
a time,
considering the attendant expenses which that very
bereavement imposes upon a family." It is satis-
factory to know that this association has made
considerable progress during its short existence;
the number of its members has increased from 3()
to 300, and it has distributed between £5,000 and
£6,000 for the relief of suffering. " No doubt then,"
said the speaker, "it is dear to every one within
1 the walls of the city of Oxford." After some more
apposite remarks the right hon. gentleman con-
cluded by observing that in our day class differ.
tences were done away with, and although the dis-
tincticns of society were recognised with a due re-
gard for their importance, we were impressed
with the truth of the remark of an ancient ,
Roman, that, " Whatever we may inherit o,
reeeiv6 from others, those things are th© most
truly esteemed '01.94 we obtain for ourselves."