The Sun.
London, England, 1830-10-20 00:00:00

sPau [ OF THE TUPLIC JOURNALS.

The tri.coloured flag has been hoisted at Florence
and Lard Burghersh, who receives toms tkousinithi
a year for enacting the part of English Minister in
Tuscany, is residing in London, entirely occupied,
as the. Papers inform us, in bringing forth at the
King's; Theatre an opera of his own rompoiition !
The cause of the tri-colour wants no cheers from
us; but we may exclaim well done Aristocracy !
All our readers may not know this musical Lord is
the son of Lord Westmorland, the son-in-law of
Lord Muryborough, the brother-in-law of Lord
Jeraey, and the nephew, by marriage, of the Duke
of Wellington. Such a connection would justify
his absence from his post, even ut this important
crisis in European politics. The English who rr-
mined at Brussels during the late fight, confident
that, if an attack were intended by the Dutch, Sir
Charles Begot would warn them of their danger,
may well regret that that Right honourable Gentle.
man was not callel to England to bring out an
opera of his own composition. But perhaps we
have no right to complain of Lord Burghersh's re-
sidence in: England. It may be that he is here for
the purpoae of assisting his uncle-in-law in reducing
the Civil List, of which his own pay forms no
trifling item. If so, we beg the Noble Lord's
pardon for mentioning the opera; if not, we refer
the matter to the Political Unions !7-41.forn. arm
Our cantempomry (the Scotsman) in letter to
his Grace the Duke of Wellington, has the follow-
ing spirited observations on the subject of Refoint
" 1 ask your Grace to et fleet on the nodal rauses of
public convulsions. You will find they resolve themselves
into two t a Government out of harmony with public
opinion, either in its structure or its acts; and the pressure
of actual suffering tend, ring multitudes desperate. I have
too high an opinion of your Grace's understanding to enter
into any argument to show, whether the crowd of English
rotten burghs, the miserable hovels which returnAfembera
while great towns are unrepresented, the paper Voters in
Scotland, the distinction between copyholacis and 'free-
, holders in England, and between freemen end tinfreemels
in burghs—all those contrivances by which the represen-
tation has been rendered a profitable mnnopoly in the hands
of * few—are or are not in harmony with • enlightened
%lotions. All the first names in the political -umiak t f
England are ranted against these Auger Chatham,
Fox, Pitt, Burke, Grattan, have condemned them--4very
liberal mind not fettered by interest or cowardice, abhors
them ass the perennial spring,' to use Itutle's words, ' of
all prodigality, of all disorder, and which loads us With
mote than milions of debt.' This feeling never can' he
eradicated from the minds of thinking men. It must
grow as knowledge advances, anal principle is better under-
stood ; and the discontent which it generates Moist' Oilier
strength with it. Your Grace must well remember 'the

troubles of 1790, of 1800, of 1811,n1 1817, of ISIS), and
of 1822. Rest assured that the conviction—the politics I
truth, which produced these, troehles, still lurks in the
minds of the great to tie of the population, and may easily
he awakened into life and vigour by events or external ex-
citement. Is it wise to keep this mass of discontent con-
tinually tttering within the vitals of the State, even though
nothing were likely to occur to render it dangerously ac-
the? But your Grace sees that external exeitenn nt iy
certain to arrive at one season or another, and you are
aware that the stimulus of distress eau never-be eql.cied
to be long absent
" The great impediment to Reform here has been the
timidity and selfishness of the ,tniddle classes ; and the first
French Revolution was the bugbear by which they halo
been induced to stifle their convictions:, and lend their
strength to prop a system they inwardly condelmied.
Thanks to the noble-minded people of Paris, this delusion
is now at an end. An uncontrolled popelaee, inflamed by
three days` fighting, has exhibited a degree of nuirleratlon
and forbearance which ought to redden with shame the
facet of the Alanchester Yeomanry, and of the men who,
acting with all the regular mathinery of Government be-
hind them, sanctioned so many acts of cruelty in Ireland
in 1798. No rational person, will now believe, that revo-
lution among an educated and intelligent people, is syno-
nymous with massacre and pillage, or that. OcielY is to he
tumbled from its base, by an extension of 'auttrsge, when
even the lowest classes give such proofs of a capacity to
act a dignified, rational, and virtuous part. The words
jwohinistn, democracy, revolution, have lost their terrors,
anti must soon cease to mislead men of sense."
This is a powerful appeal; but all such appeals
will remain without effect. `I he Duke of Wed-
lingtots may propose some slight ltt form, but wer,,
he to attempt what might give the representation
the character of real, he would At pritnit, bo
We consider every Cabinet in this country to be
merely the essence of the Oligarchy ; .and to snit-
pose that a Prime Minister is. disposed, to concede
Reform, is to suppose that the Oligarchy ore ready
to concede it. Now, we hold that, before the (Ih.
garchy can be brought to think of abandoning thn
command which the 7 at present lioness of the
pockets of the industrious people of England, Muth
more formidable demonstrations must be made than

have yet been made. They will most assuredly
strive to the last to retain their power. When,
however, the people show that they are in earnest
about Reform, prudential consideration may then
determine them to give way.. They eertainly dst
not believe the people to be yet suffieiently in earnest
to render it necessary for them to surreader, if it
be wished, therefore, that the Duke of Wellington
should be a reformer in good earnest, the peoplu
must enable him to be one, by first producing the
requisite impression on the minds of the Oligarchy.
\Ve shall only deceive ourselves if we suppose the
Aristocracy of this country *ill yield, withetit
hard struggle, the power which they now posist Gf
putting their hands into the pockets of others. At
the dinner at Wisbeoch on Friday last, to celebrate
the defeat of Aristocratic influence in Cambridge.
shire, the truly patriotic Mr. Coke stdd—
" Ile most sincerely congratulated the Freehohltos on
the victory they had accomplished, and the Widely lesson
they had taught the Aristocracy.—(hear, hear !).—No Man
admired more thin he did the Constitution ; he had' silt t 4
long time in the House of Cummins, and he became Wore
than ever convinced of the necessity of a reform —a ram
which should prevent the introduction of the minions of
the Aristoeraci, which would put en end to proceedings
like those which had teen witnessed at Newark and it
Stamford.—(lleir, hear. )—He d,tred not trust his feel-
ings to reprobate the conduct of the :Aristocracy; who, by
their influence, sent their minions to the House of Coot,

mons, awl thus Aura means to provide, at °fliers'
fin;;
Thneieli,:fi Me younger and dependent brandies qi mcip
It cannot be too- often repeated, that Aristoeraey
rind Wunder ere synonimous; that without the
plunder of the people there could he no Aristoeracy,
for the cessation of the plunder would soon reduce
their 'overgrown estates. And, independently of
the injustice of this aystern of carving estates for
their younger children out of the property (,I the
rest of the community, it is in other respects for 'the
interest of u country that estates should he 114 (MIA
eS pOliiiblee There is Arthur Voungla
lintnte of Agrietillitrefbr 1784, an admirable paper.
by that writer on the evils of large estates :
uarcel44 "Once," he sap, "let u he ant

_ .
amoug►at great Lorda on one hand, and their dotindert
tenantry on tl rr other, and it will not want Elwell sagacity
to foresee that husbandry is front that hour in a state of
declension. To enter fully into this fact, wonhl kit) the
too far ; but I have viewed enough of these kingdoms to
know that the largest tatates in them art cultivated the

worst; and thar,, cvith vie y few exception', the improving
spirit it kept alive, and spreads more amongst men of mo.
great and lordly ownere,
dilate prepoity than amongst
The nature of the fact three not admit the posKiliil:iy its
being turivereal; let not, therefore, tome' few instrowes,
pirtially to the contrary, be brought in opposition to the
maxim. Nor.nik, Suffolk, -Esser, and Kent; are ealti.
Wed, beyond compoison, better than any other pert of
the kingdom ; now it is remarkable, that there it not one
very large estate in three of these counties; and though the
ease is otherwise in Norfolk, and very great improvements
were begun under the patronage and itmnediate exertion
of a great landlord, whose mute ought to be dear to Eng-
lishmeo, yet was a very large proportion of the improve
menta, even in that county, eliected by - gentlemen of too.
&rate property, and by farmers themselves unassisted by
their landlords. If other well-cultivated eorantiet Are
examined, for institute?, Hertford end lierkshii a-1146 the
same truth will he apperant ; and if it might not be
thought an invidious comparison, I could name instant ea
the reverse of this, of counties where the propet ties
very large, end miserably neglected."
The remaining pert of the essay, in Whieh.Ttß
shows how an Aristocracy proves injurious: IQ el r
agriculture of a country, is very curiotre.ara i'n-
structive. The only Reform Parliament MO teens

disposed to encourage is the transference of the
franchlie from Openly venal Boroughs to the
Hundred. Now these openly corrupt Boroughs Inc
the best part of the rotten system. They are acces-
sible to the honest as well as the dishonest, whilo
the pocket Boroughs are accessible only to the
minions of the Aristocracy, as Mr. Coke terms them.
We think, however, we can see causes in operation
which will soon ;effect a disinclination on the parr
of the Aristocracy to encourage the disfranchisement
of the potwalloping Boroughs. We address our-
selves to sensible, clear-headed Borough proprietors,
like the Marquis of Hertford. The following in-
stance will show the danger of pushing disfranchise-
ment too far :—Bere Alton, in Devonshire, formerly
belonged to Lord Clinton, but now belongs to Lord
Beverley. The qualification is burgage tenure.
There are at present only two voters, and the two
determined, at the last election, to throw off the
Beverley yoke; and accordingly, though friends,
they negociated to return two gentlemen for their
own profit, instead of that of his Lordship. The
Portreeve is Dr. Butler, of Plymouth; but he is
merely returning-officer, and has no vote. Dr. But-
ler, accompanied by an attorney's clerk, set out lust
general election from Plymouth, and met the voters
under a great tree, the place usually chosen for the
purpose of election. During the time the Portreeve
was reading the Acts of Parliament usually read on
such occasions, one of the voters handed in to him
a card containing the names of two candidates, pro-
posed by himself and seconded by his friend. He
was told by the attorney's clerk that this was too
early. Before the reading was completed, the voter
on the other aide handed in a curd corresponding
with the former, and he was informed that he was
too late. The meeting broke up. The Portreeve
and assistants adjourned to a public-house in the
neighbourhood, and then and there made a return of
Lord Lovaine and Mr. Blacken, which was not
signed by a single person having a vote. Though
the Borough was no doubt purchased by Lord Be-
verley, yet the property is of course not absolute,
and, therefore, without supposing that Parliament
should determine that the patrons may return at
once without the intervention of any machinery, we
must presume the election will be set aside. But
the object of our noticing the case was to warn the
proprietors of pocket Boroughs of the danger to
which they are exposed, by excluding monied men
from the potwalloping Boroughs. It is not their
interest to add to the motives of moneyed men to
attempt to open their Boroughs. They may be
assured, that with all their care, a golden key will
often open the gates of these fortresses of the Aris-
tocracy. We observe, that the Editor of the Sian:-
ford News announces a determination of the people
of Stamford to exhibit the doings of the Burleighs,
Fee. in all their hideousness to the nation. This
exhibition must have its effect.--Morning Chronicle.
Our readers will be gratified to find, among the
advertisements in this day's Paper, the resolutions
agreed upon by a Committee of the two Trade So-
cieties of Compositors, on the question of the use
of machinery, and in answer to a circular, falsely
purporting to come from them, and the object of
which, it would appear, was to obtain the abolition
of machinery in the printing business. The resolu-
tions are truly sensible in every respect, and con-
trast honourably, for the intelligence of the letter-
press printers of this country, as compared with
their brethren in Paris, who, instead of seeing, in
reduction of the taxes, which press on the various
brandies of literary industry, the only feasible and
proper mode of rendering their condition snore
comfortable, fooli,hly petitioned for the abolition
of all hand and steam presses. We are also
much pleased to observe, that not only do the
two Trade Societies of Compositors disavow
all participation in the various circulars which
have been issued for the abolition of printing-
press maehinery ; but that they are determined to
nee their influence in all quarters for a reduction of
the duties on paper, newspaper stamps, and adver-
tisements. The resolution is highly honourable to
their good sense, and if they will only carry it into
effect with spirit and activity, aided as they will, and
ought to be, by the provincial and metropolitan
press, no doubt can be entertained of a successful
issue. For our part, we pledge every aid which we
can possibly afford to the cause; and as it is as evi-
dent as that two and two make four, that a reduc-

tion of the duties in question would increase instead
of diminishing the revenue, and besides furnish
highly profitable employment to many who cannot
now procure it on any terms, we would fain hope
that the Government, instead of resisting such an
appeal, would show its good sense by anticipating it.
I he time for the proposed change is propitious, end
ought not to be allowed to pass without being taken
advantage of, both by those who advocate the re-
duction, and by the Government which ought to
snake it.---Morning Advertiser.
The German Diet has issued a sort of manifesto
regarding the province of Luxembourg, which corn.
poses a part of the Germanic Confederation, and in
respect of which the King of the Netherlands was
represented in the Diet. This manifesto declares
that the Grand Duels), of Luxembourg is not a
Belgic province, and therefore ought not to follow
the fortunes of Belgium. The King of the Nether-
lands received it in 1815, in compensation for the
German possessions of his family, which were ceded
to Prussia; and, though it was necessarily added to
the other dominions of the new kingdom, while the
same Monarch ruled over them all, yet that it be-
longs to him, and not to the Belgic part of his king-
dom. In certain cases even it would have reverted
to the elder, or German branch of the family—the
Doke of Nassuu,—tbough the Belgic provinces had
remained united to Holland under a King of the
Orange branch. As a consequence of the substitu-
tion of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg for Ger.
mu States of the Orange-Nassau family, by the 67th
Article of the treaty of Vienna, this province became
at once Belgic and German, having its limits fixed
not only with respect to Prussia, but with respect
to Belgium, Any separation, therefore, of his do.
minions for the purposes of internal government, it
is contended, can have no inthruce on the relative
situation of Luxembourg. Even the treaty which.
in May, 1816, incorporated the Dutch and Belgic
provinces into one kingdom, did not extend its
seeps to the Grand Duchy. This province, accord-
ing to the laws of the Confederation, cannot stiffer
any change in relation to Germany by cessids of
rights or new arrangements of territory. The for-
tress of Luxembourg is even declared by treaty a
German fortress, and is occupied by the troops of
the Confederation. Should Belgium be erected into
an independent state, under any other chief than
one of the family of Nassau, what will become of
these family compacts, and of these Germanic sti-
pulations 1' As there has of lute been a good deal
/of discussion about the treaties which construeted
the kingdom of the Netherlands, the source of the
contributions which repaired the Belgic fortresses,
and the obligations of the Allied Powers to protect
the Orange family in the possession of sovereignty,
we make no apology for publishing the following
abstract of all these conventions :