The Sun.
London, England, 1839-11-14 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, WOVEMBER 14, 1839.

country—and, more than all, perhaps, the ease with which
their formidable array of numbers was routed and put to
flight by a mere handful of disciplined troops—may, for
the moment, have effectually put down the danger of any
further outbreak. But this is but a small part of what is
to be desired. If the disease of Chartism is to be cured,
we must look far beyond its more obvious symptoms ; we
must endeavour to trace it buck to its source, and must seek
to deal,,not merely with its ostensible accompaniments, but
with its remote causes. The coal and iron work.people of
South Wales and Monmouthshire are, up to the present lime,
and long hays been, amongst the best paid operatives of the
kingdom. Even now, when commercial difficulties have
curtailed employment, and diminished wages, in so many
branches of trade, they continue in full work, and in the
receipt of ample wages. What, then, was their object in
the recent outbreak? What was it that they desired
to accomplish ? What practical advantage to them-
selves did they hope to achieve? What tangible and ad-
mitted evil did they seek to remove ? . . . . It
will be of little use to put down tumults for the present,
and to punish those who have created or abetted them, if
we leave unnoticed a smouldering mass of discontent, the
causes and the magnitude of which are alike unknown to
us, and which circumstances may, at almost any period,
again blow into a flame.

Every one of these observations is applicable to
he Chartists, and to the followers of Mr. STE-
PIIENS, throughout the country, with the exception
that the wretched poverty and distress of many
thousands in the manufacturing dictricts of Eng-
land may appear to supply a justification to them,
of which the Welshmen cannot boast. An inquiry
into all the circumstances of the insurrection has al-
ready been demanded, and if it be ample and com-
plete—if it really probe to the bottom the seat and
origin of this great social disorder, it will confer an
inestimable benefit on society. Government has
resolved to send down a Commission to try the
offenders, but it will ne!,lect its duty if it be not as
swift to redress a wrong, which is a crime of its
own, as to punish a crime in the people. The
smouldering mass of discontent of which
the Guardian speaks, runs through all the
foundations of society, and threatens a re-
newal and continuance of those volcanic eruptions
which have broken out in Wales. What may be
called the natural progress of society is by some
cruse or causes hampered and restrained, and all
these convulsive heavings are the results of blind
instinctive exertions to throw them off. They
must be got rid of, and if they be not removed by
the head, they will be beaten to pieces by the tail
of society. Never, surely in the world, was a com-
munity so richly endowed as our own. Possessing
in our islands, as a centre of civilization, a close
and condensed mass of industrious, enlightened, and
intelligent human beings, having in our coasts and
shipping easy access to all pacts of the world, and
having in our numerous colonies, and in the
great empire which sprang in the olden
times from the loins of our ancestors, a
means of spreading all the advantages, which
are too much when heaped up here, over the newly
discovered islands and vast continents of the Western
and Southern Hemispheres,—possessing these ex-
traordinary facilities for spreading ourselves over
a yet uninhabited world, it can be nothing but gross
ignorance of the best means of improving these
numerous advantages, and some gross misconduct
in our rulers, which cause wide-spread discontent
in the people. Of one thing we are quite cer-
tain, that those who assume to guide society
are responsible for its condition. The Ministers
perform but a small portion of that high duty, and;
as their name imports, are but the servants of a
system. Not they, therefore, but the high and
titled aristocracy—the grasping and governing hier-
archy—the leading men who represent the interests
of land and capital—those who undertake to form
and drill society, and are the authors or upholders
of the system of government, should be required
now to examine into its condition, and to examine
how far their own conduct has brought about those
diseases of which they complain. As we appre-
hend that a searching inquiry would show that they
are quite as much to blame as the most ignorant
Chartists, we have, we regret to say, no hope that
in their hands any such inquiry will be either com-
' plete or successful.
ism

We republish from the Leicester Chronicle a
portion of a letter which a Mr. BIGGs has ad-
dressed to Mr. HUME, on the subject of Parlia-
mentary Reform. He suggests a very wide altera-
tion, but, as it accords in principle with the reform
in the House of Commons already effected, he
thinks that there is a greater probability of
carrying it than a reform that shall be
mere strictly in accordance with abstract princi-
ples. We will not deny that assertion, but when
we recollect the immense exertions which were re-
quired to carry the present Reform Act, wt are in-
clined to believe that the same exertions which
would carry his plan—opposed as it would be by
the Tories and by the Aristocracy generally—would
carry the most complete system of Reform which
the wit of man could devise. At the same time we
are ready to do our utmost to familiarize the public
mind with possible improvements in the representa-
tion, seeing that the present system does not satisfy
those who were disfranchised in 1832, and still
less does it satisfy those who were not
then admitted into the pale of the Constitu-
tion. Mr. BIGGS proposes that the towns
should have additional representatives, in the pro-
portion of 1 to every 25,000 inhabitants, while the
large counties—the smaller ones having their repre-
sentatives wholly taken away—are to have addi-
tional representatives, in the proportion of only 1 to
every 60,000 inhabitants. We do not see any
good reason, or any justice in that distinction,
and as it would naturally be opposed by
the whole landed interest, now predominant,
there is as little chance of carrying such a scheme
as of carrying Universal Suffrage, and a division of
the country into electoral departments. What may
possibly be accomplished fifty or sixty years hence
is hardly worth present investigation, for we may be
sure that the mature men of that period will be as
much better judges of what will then be fit for them
as we are better judges of what is fit for us than were
the Reformers of 1780. The omnipotent power in
the State is public opinion, and we cannot hope for
good government, whatever schemes we may devise,
till pubic opinion becomes enlightened and correct.

It will be seen, by reports inserted elsewhere,
that the Court Spiritual has a good deal of Church-
rate business on its hands at present. Unless we
are greatly mistaken, it will not be without employ-
ment of this kind for some time to come. If the Dis-
senters do their duty—if they have consistency and
courage enough to follow out their principles by
copying the example of JOHN THOROGOOD, who

has fearlessly braved the outpouring of ecclesias-
tiCal vengeance in defence of the rights of con-
science, Sir HERBERT JBNNER will have as much

work as he can set his face to.

pressing his opinion by simply giving a vote which,
as a ratepayer, he had an unquestionable right to
do, is such a gross violation of all propriety and de-
cency—displays so violent and arbitrary a spirit—
and, when the cruel nature of the punishment is
considered, is so derogatory to the character of a Mi-
nister of the Gospel, who ahould be the mildest and
holiest of men, that all right-thinking persons, when
they hear of it, will shake their heads, and ask, are
these the doings of a Christian Church. Can pro-
ceedings so vindictive and inhuman as dragging
innocent men to prison under false pretences ema-
nate from a ChtirGh founded on Prophets and
Apostles?

In the other case to which we have alluded, Sir
HERBERT JENNER decided the point contested
by Mr. APSLEY PELLATr in favour cf that gentle-
man. He had been sued by the Churchwardens
of Christ Church for a Church-rate, for the payment
of which he contended he was not liable, to the ex-
tent, at least, of the demand made upon him—in-
asmuch as he was not the occupier, but the owner
of certain houses in the parish. In this view of
the case, the Judge decided he was right, yet
strange to say, refused to give him costs. This
may be the law of the Court of Arches, but we are
sure it is anything but justice. Here is a man
prosecuted and put to expense by persons who
make a demand upon him which is found to be
illegal ; ought he not to be remunerated for this
expense ? Justice required that the case should
have been distnissed, and a new rating made, and
then it would have been for Mr. PELLATT to de-
termine whether he would pay or not ; for as mat-
ters now stand, he is punished for not paying that
which, by the decision of the Court, the Church-
wardens had no right to demand I

The Special Commission to be sent down to
Newport for the trial of the parties concerned in
the late outbreak in that neighbourhood, is to con-
sist of Sir N. TINDAL, Sir JAMES PARK, and
Sir J. WILLIAms.

By the packet ship South American, which
arrived at Liverpool yesterday, we have received
New York papers of the 20th ult.—one day later
than those brought by the Liverpool steamer. The
report of a third fire having broken out at Mobile,
and destroyed a great deal of property, reached
New York as the South American was getting un-
der weigh for England, but the Captain could not
wait for any details. Nothing was talked of the
suspension of the banks, and the probable conse-
quences of that measure upon the trade and credit,
domestic and foreign, of the United States. The
banks at Boston continued firm on the 19th, and
the prevailing opinion among the commercialists of
New York was, that they would be able to maintain
themselves without a suspension of cash payments.
We quote from the journals of the 20th ult. the
additional news received relative to this most im-
portant question :

tires met to day, for the openitig Session. M.
Venderbolen took the Preident's chair, dd the oldest
Mamb'. The Minister of Finance rose to fetid th 6
budget, to which Mr. Henry de Brouckere objected
on the ground that the Chamber' was not PonAitutea.
The Chamber, however, decided that the Minister
should read the budget.
BERLIN, Nov. 3.—Alarming reports were in circu-
lation yesterday respecting the health of the King, they
indeed continue to-day, but it may be hoped that they
originated chiefly in the universal affection of the pub-
' lie, which has been made apprehensive b, the circum-
stance that his Majesty was prevented by indiststition
the day before yesterday from appearing at the comme-
moration of the Reformation, and at the Communion in
Spandau.
FRONTIERS OF TURKEY, OCT. 2G.—The revolt in
Prisrend continues, but has not spread. The usurping
Government exercises the police with sanguinary rigour,
but endeavours to give itself an appearance of legal it ,
by sometimes inviting the Turkish Government of this
Capital to take part in its deliberations. The Rumely
Valessy has not yet taken any steps against the revolt-
ers, probably because they have addressed their repre-
sentations direct to Constantinople, and he will not an-
ticipate the decision of the Divan.
The Egyptian intrigue seems to have had more suc-
cess in Bosnia than anywhere else, though tranquillity
and order have not been interrupted. The Government.
proceeds as usual. The conscription meets with no dif-
ficulties ; the troops are trained in the European
fashion, make likewise progress, but there are secret
communications and nightly meetings even in the Conn-
' try House of the Governor, the object of which is un-
known.

Accounts from Bucharest say that Prince Michael
has received from the Porte, through Prince Ghika, a
pelisse of honour, but that he will not go to Constan-
tinople till the Spring, and, meantime, returns to Servia
with his mother. Milosch is said to be very dejected at
the idea of parting with his family.—Allgeincinc Zei-
tang, Nov. 8.
BELGIAN I' UNDS—BaresEts, Nov. 12."
Actual DOA, 2 per Cent.
Itothschild's Loan, 5 per Cant l''l
Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per-Cent 9214
3 per Cent. 7l
Loan of City, 1832, 4 per Cent 415
Society of Commerce, 4 per Cent ll4
Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent 7O
National Society .
Exchange on London (short)
1 —Brussels Pcipe,rs, Nov. 12.

The only remarkable article in the French Jour
nals of Tuesday is the copy of a pretended Memo
rial purporting to have been signed by the Spanish
Ministers, PEREZ DE CASTRO, LORENZO
ARRAZOLA, and JOSE SAN MILLAN, and by
them, in quality of members of the Cabinet and
Councillors of State, presented to the QUEEN RE-
GENT, praying her to keep the subject of it a profound
secret till she had resolved to act upon it. This
document first made its appearance in the Guyenne,
a Bourdeaux organ of Legitimacy, and is, 11Q doubt,
a forgery. It begins by setting forth that the Me-
morialists feel it to be their duty to apprise the
REGENT of the actual state of affairs in Spain, and
of the steps necessary to be taken to preserve the
Monarchy. A reference is then made to the joy
diffused throughout Liberal Spain by the granting
of the Estatuto Real, in the month of
April, 1834, which at once satified all mo-
derate-minded men among the Nobility, the
Clergy, and the middle classes. A few active
.malcontents only were dissatisfied, and these indi-
viduals, by owing the seeds of their treason in the
army, brought about the revolution of La Granja
in August, 1836, when the QUEEN proclaimed the
Constitution of 1812. The murders of Generals
QITESA DA and SA ARSFIELD, and the massacres at
Madrid are attributed to the revolutionary mania,
which seized upon the minds of a previously ham
and contended people. The Nobles emigrated
the army became a focus of intrigue, and shamelessly
gloried in its insubordination ; and thus a war which
might and would have been crushed in 1836, had
the Revolution not taken place, has continued ever
since, in consequence of the triumphs of the Anar-
chists. The memorialists in conclusion, pray her
MAJESTY to save Spain, and firmly establish the
throne of her August Daughter, by abrogating
the Constitution, and re-establishing the Estatuto
Real—the true Palladium of the liberties of Spain.

We have not the least doubt, as we stated
above, that this document is an arrant forgery.
Nevertheless, there have been admitted to the
councils of the Regent men who would not
tate to adopt it if they dared. The Constitution
must be vigilantly guarded by the Spanish Cortes
and people, for well we know that it would not
exist for a day if it depended for support on the
patriotism of the Camarilla about the Palace.
Among the new French Peerage creations are
that of three editors of newspapers :—M. BERTIN,
editor of the Journal des Debats—M. KERATAY,
editor of the Courrier Francais—M. ETIENNE, of
the Coustitutionnel.
The Madrid Journals received are of the sth,
but they contain no news of interest. Things re-
mained in the same state as at the prorogation of
the Cortes.
Private letters from Toulon of the Bth inst. state that
the Belle Poule Frigate, commanded by the Prince de
Joinville, bad run aground in the straits of the Darda-
nelles, and that Admiral Lalande had ordered her to
return to Toulon.
Prince Esterhazy (Austrian Ambassador in London)
arrived in Paris on Saturday night. His, Excellency
had been secretly recalled to Vienna by Prince Metter-
nich, " who," says Le Temps," was anxious to obtain
from him an explanation of the mysterious policy of
England with regard to the Eastern question." The
Prince, who observed the strictest into;., was to have
an interview with King Louis Philippe, and to leave
Paris for Vienna on Wednesday or Thursday.
The Toulon Journals agree with the letters which
we have published, announcing the return of the Count
d'Espagne to France, but they state nothing positive,
and the Government publishes nothing on the subject.
A letter from Perpignan of the Gth, contains the
following intelligence :—" Emigration has commenced
at Bergs. If we may judge by these emigrants
who entered France, it should seem that the
members of the Carlist party, both military and civil,
who do not belong to Catalonia, are withdrawing out of
precaution, if not by compulsion.
" The provincial deputations of Catalonia have ear-
nestly solicited the Governmen t to send reinforcements
of troops to that province, and have received for an-
swer, that orders would be immediately issued to that
effect.

" The news of the events at Berga, had excited hopes
at Barcelona that an arrangement would be concluded
very shortly. The character of the new General has
long been known, he has always decidedly blamed the
system of cruelty adopted by the Count d'Espagne.—
Le Coninzerce.

A letter from Saragossa, of the sth of November,
says—Some troops of General Espartero and those of
Donnell have been advancing each, on their own side,
to the Carlists pesti.
Forcadell attempted to oppose the march of General
O'Donnell, but he was repulsed at every point, with
very little loss on our parts. The divisions of the Duke's
army have met with no obstacles in their march. In
proportion as they advance, Cabrera retires into the
interior of the country.
The Indicaleu'• Calaision of the 9th says, " The
news that a levy of seamen is ordered in the division of
Calais, has thrown all our seafaring people into conster-
nation. It is not an ordinary levy, but it is to include
all able-bodied men from 20 to 40 years of age, who
have not been 36 months in the service of the State.
The measure also includes the masters of fishing-boats,
who have hitherto been exempt. We hear that our
Chamber of Commerce is exerting itself to obtain from
the Minister of Marine a promise that this measure
should be made as little burdensome as possible.—Le
Constilutio 72 ?ICI