The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-30 00:00:00

THE SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 80, 1863.

many very rapid discharges, cracked one of its
bands, leaving, however, many of its brethren be-
hind it at Charleston, which will make th, mselves
felt as the siege progresses, and which will be more
carefully handled hereafter. Nevertheless, if the
siege is to be nothing more nor less than a struggle
between scientific engineers the chances are that,
give them time enough, and the Federals will win.
They have quite as much science as the Confederates
and far better and illimitable material. The utmost
confidence is felt by the Confederates that if it
comes to mere fighting " belly to belly"—the style
of fighting which General Longstreet is said always
to adopt—they have nothing to fear from their
opponents. _

The influence of such a protracted agony as the
siege upon the character of the inhabitants and de-
fenders of the beleaguered city is likely to be strange
and worthy of remark. It has been observed that
Battery Wagner has exercised a powerful effect in
the way of promoting religion among its occupants,
who, when relieved (which happened every four or
five days), were in the habit of flocking in large
numbers to the nearest " camp revival." A friend
who has been watching the siege for the last month
writes to me, in explanation of this circumstance, in
the following terms :—" The sharp cracking report
of the Monitor guns is agacant (I know no corre-
sponding English expression), even when heard at
the distance of four miles ; but conceive its effect
upon the nerves when it is heard from a distance of
only a few hundred yards, and is accompanied by
the explosion of a 15-inch shell, containing within
it several smaller shells, which come banging and
cracking and snapping about your ears, and per-
haps tearing in pieces a comrade by your side."
It must not be forgotten that this hail of projec-
tiles has frequently been maintained day and
night for weeks together, keeping the garrison
always on the strain, and. promoting an irritable
feverishness and nervous susceptibility, which can
be more readily conceived than described.
In a former letter I mentioned that considerable
disappointment had been felt in high quarters here,
in regard to the loss by Gen. Beauregard, more than
two months ago, of Morris Island. It is nothing less
than justice that I should now state the defence,
advanced in extenuation of the General by his many
friends. It is asserted that Gen. Beauregard would
have swept the enemy off Morris Island the day
after he landed there if he had had anything like a
sufficient force to attempt it. But at the moment
he had only 700 men on Morris Island, 1,500 on
James Island and in Charleston, and 6JO on Sulli-

van's Island. His force had, as is now generally
known, been greatly depleted with a view to rein-
forcing Gen. Johnston—to little purpose, as it
subsequently proved. It is by Gen. Beauregard
regarded as a signal mercy that the Federals landed
on Morris instead of James Island, inasmuch as his
force was at the time too small to withstand them
on the latter, and inasmuch as (to quote his own
words) " Morris Island is not the key to Charles-
ton." But as matters now stand, with a far larger
force of Confederates to defend Charleston than
there is of Federals to attack it, and with new sand
batteries growing up daily on James Island, there
is little reason to fear an attack upon this point. I
am assured that the new batteries on James and
Sullivan's Islands are entirely of sand, even with•
out revetments of wood, which were found to
splinter and do mischief at Battery Wagner. The
health of the troops is excellent, but they have to
be fortified with daily doses of quinine as a sequel to
their dress parades. Last year this ceremony was
omitted, and there was abundance of intermittent
fever, But, in spite of the belief held universally
before the war, that it was death to a white man to
sleep in summer for a single night upon one of the
islands around Charleston harbour, it is found that,
given such a prophylactic as quinine, there are few
healthier or more agreeable marine residences than
the islands in question.

SEPT. 21.
I turn with reluctance to the consideration of the
momentous drama which is being enacted in the
neighbourhood of Chattanooga, and concerning
which, notwithstanding the facilities which have
always been extended to me, any information to be
gained in Richmond in so insufficient and inexact
that I have resolved to repair to-morrow to the
scene of action, and to judge with my own eyes.
It is impossible to deny that the Western campaign
of this autumn opened unpromisingly for the Con-
federates. In the first place the bloodless sur-
render by General Frazier and 2,000 Confederates
of their post at Cumberland's Gap—an eagle's nest,
which a handful of men could have held against
the world—is regarded here as so inexplicable that
1 hesitate to clothe in language the surmises which
are indulged in at Gen. Frazier's cost, and must
await fuller information before any judgment is
formed. Secondly, just at the moment when entire
confidence was felt that nothing could drive Gen.
Bragg from his impregnable position at Chatta-
nooga, Richmond was electrified by the tidings that
Gen. Bragg had withdrawn and allowed Gen. Rosen-
cranz to slip into his nest. Thirdly, surprise and dis-
appointment have been felt that Knoxville and the
larger portion of the Virginia and Tennessee Rail-
road have been ceded with so little resistance, and
that more use has not been made of a country
abounding in strong and defensible position, and
difficult beyond description of access.
But having stated these preliminaries, and ad

minted their disadvantageous aspect, I must record

that unquestionably the finest army numerically
in the Confederacy is that which is now commanded

by General Bragg, and that there are brigades and
divisions now serving under him which are not
surpassed by the division of General Hood or by
any other section of General Lee's army. I may
also now be permitted to state that a muster roll
which previously presented a very formidable aggre-
gate has recently been swelled by the subtraction
from Generel Lee's army of the fine corps of Gene-
ral Longstreet, who went last week to the West,
and has carried the enthusiasm and vigour which
his presence always awakens to inspirit the counsels
of a General who has unquestionably lost much of
the confidence which was last autumn reposed in
him. But I should not omit to mention that, for-
midable as is the army of General Bragg, swollen
by the addition of General Longstreet's corps, and
animated by the presence of General Longstreet
himself, there is abundant reason to think that

they are confronting by far the most formid-
able General whom the war has yet thrown
to the surface upon the Federal side. It is my
impression that full justice has not been done
either in England or in the Confederate States to the
ability of Gen. Rosencranz. Although it may, per-
haps, be true that the Western men who obey Gene-
rals Rosencranz and Grant are finer material than
the sweepings of New York and Philadelphia, of
which so large a portion of the eastern Federal
armies has been composed, it is impossible to be blind
their
the fact that Gen. Bragg has led into the field
The slight and indecisive superiority over
013Panents has been ro,,,if
patient and which, during the last 12 months,
mom
boa:t:4 The best troops which the Confederacy can
in
my
opinion, manifested by Gen. Rosencranz's army is, '
pertinacious
set down to the credit of that
the bloody battle of 4cl
presence of reindttelous commander himself. The
firmness with which, after
prntectedarfr.eesborough, he massed his
and shrinking before the fire artillery and
troops, demoralised by
ridge's Kentuckians, indicate
fire and elan of Breckin-
abilis Bra
indomitable firmness
qualities of a general. Te his . the very highest
in retaining possession of the
bitted the retreat to which
next day driven. Again, the
which he displayed this summer
ground mast must be attri-
although tai
ti
gi nr
eg a his
1
was the
in :lard resource
'tion in front of Geri. Bragg,
post
ion
by the loss of reinforcements which he '-
sent to Grant, and in spite of the fallior, .
6 water of the
Tennessee River, falsified the anticipations of the
wisest heads in the Confederate States, and are de-
serving of the highest commendation. There Lever
has been a moment when the widely-spread rear of
Gen. Rosencranz's armies' has not been far more
vigilantly guarded and less accessible to attack than
that of the Federal armies in Virginia. It is be-
lieved that the attack upon Vicksburg along the
vulnerable heel of the Big Black River was directed
by the acuteness of none other than Gen. Rosen-
cranz. Lastly, the dexterity with which he has
manoeuvred and elbowed Generals Bregg and Buck-
ner out of Cbattanooga and Kno.tville without

losing a life, the skill with which he has carried
his armies across such a stream as the Tennessee
River, and in such a country, and has all the time
kept his rear open, have combined to inspire in the
minds of all those who look sagaciously on a degree
of respect for General Rosencranz which has during
this war been elicited by no other man except
General Lee.

It will then be believed that, great as has been
the confidence reposed in the numbers and morale of
General Bragg's army, there has been no inconsi-
derable relief experienced here by the arrival this
day of the following telegram :

" Chicamaugs. River, Sept. 20.
"After two days' hard fighting we have driven the
enemy, after a desperate resistance, from several strong
positions, and now hold the field ; but he still confronts us.
The losses are heavy on both sides, especially so in our
' officers. We have taken over 20 pieces of artillery, and
some 2,500 prisoners. " BRA.XTON BRAGG."
Into speculations and surmises about this battle,
in view of the fact that I hope to collect accurate
details in regard to it upon the spot where it was
fought, I shall not now attempt to enter. But
although thus far, the engagement in question can-
❑ot but rank with other indecisive Eylaus and As-
puns which have been fought in the West, it is
evident that Gen. Bragg's army is fully able to hold
its own, and it is questionable whether the Federals
can afford to fight only a second Murfreesborongh.
There is excellent reason to think that the actions
of the 19th and 20th were fought before all Gen.
Longstreet's troops could have joined Gen. Bragg,
in confirmation of which belief I may men-
tion that I am about to travel to the West
to-morrow, in company with several of Gen.
Longstreet's staff. But, in the eyes of all thought-
full observers, it is becoming more and more appa-
rent that, so far as concerns soldiers in the field the
two sections are fighting more on a numericalequa-
lity than at any previous stage of the war. It is at
such a moment as this that, if rumour speak true,
it has seemed good to the war junta In Washington
to dismiss a large portion of General Grant's victo-
rious army into the wilds of Texas, there to combat
two antagonists more inexorable than the Confede-
rates—climate and distance. It is difficult to resist
the inference that such a step is timed with a view
not so much of etrategy against the Confederates as
of future menace against France and Mexico. It
so, there is good reason to think that, blind to all
the previous warnings of the struggle, the Fe-
derals are again committing at the end of the
third year of war the same mistake which they
committed at its commencement, and are despis-
ing the enemy with whom they are actually en-
gaged. It will require some more level battle in
the West, and some more engagements in Virginia
—and such an engagement is at this moment
menacing General Lee, under circumstances far
more favourable to him than those under which the
Batttle of Chancellorsville was fought—to convince
the Federals that they are as far from the attain-
ment of their purpose as they were in April, 1861,
and that they may indefinitely increase the volume
of the vast ocean of blood which has already been
spilt without advancing the question which has been
so long and bloodily debated one step nearer to its
solution.

SEPT. 22.
The preparations which are necessary for a trip
to Central Africa are scarcely more elaborate than
those which precede such an excursion as I am
about to undertake to East Tennessee. It was my
belief yesterday that, after much labour, they were
happily concluded, and that I should be enabled to
start this morning ; but yesterday evening my
horse, left standing for a moment in the street, was
stolen, and my departure is delayed until fresh ar-
rangements can be made. The incident is only
worthy of mention as indicating the snares and dif-
ficulties through which the Confederate States are
passing es they slowly win their way to indepen •
dense. Horse thieves, burglars, and occasionally
garotters, swarm in the streets of Richmond. The
very atmosphere is corrupted by the presence of the
hosts of money-grabbing Hebrews and blockade-
runners, who reek nothing of Federal or Confede-
rate rights, and are the great debasers of Confede-
rate currency and the elevators of gold. It requires
the heart of a nation and its leaders to be eminently
sound to withstand the pernicious influence of such
a hunger and thirst after money as at present per-
vades. not only Yankeedom but also so large a por-
tion of this community.
Bat much as the mania for speculation is to be
regretted, it has not as yet eaten up pubic virtue
in the Confederacy. A stranger to the streets of
It chtnend would this morning be astonished could
he perceive the deep•seated heartiness and earnest-
ness of the joy with which the fast-coming telegrams
from General Bragg's army, each bringing greater
assurances of victory, are read and commented on
by the throngs of passers-by. The public heart was
far from:being satisfied with the telegram which I
mentioned in my letter of yesterday, but it requires
nothing to be added to the telegram of to-day,
which is in these words

"Ten miles south of Chattanooga, Sept. 21.
"The enemy retreated on Chattanooga last night, leaving
his dead and wounded in our hands. His loss is very large
in men, artillery, small arms, and colours. Ours is heavy
but not yet ascertained. The victory is complete, and our
cavalry is pursuing. With the blessing of God our troops
have accomplished great results against largely superior
numbers. We have to mourn the loss of many gallant
naenand officers. Brigadier- Generals Preston- Smi th, Helm,
and Deshler are killed; Major-General Hood and Brigadier-
Generals Adams, Gregg, and Brown wounded.

BRA.XTO.N BRAG e."
Other telegrams have followed, indicating an amount
of demoralishtion in the Federal forces which make
it doubtful whether Gen. Rosencranz can hold his
own at Chattanooga; and if he is driven from Chat-
tanooga, who can say how far he may not be forced
back ?

Already there is a confident conviction in this city
that the strong aggressive attitude which the forces
of Gen. Meade have lately worn in Virginia will
suffer immediate abatement and diminution.
Nothing has been more marked throughout this war
that the sympathy on both sides between the armies
fighting in the East and West, The policy of the
Federals at this moment should evidently be ag-
gressive. I may be mistaken, but the indica-
tions are that upon this attitude of aggression
they will not, after the battle of Chattanooga, ven-
ture to embark. It will be my endeavour to put
your readers hereafter in possession of fuller parti-
culars in regard to the great Western campaign of
this autumn, which would otherwise be little likely
ever to come to their knowledge. But it is not prema-
ture to say that there is a widespread apprehension
here that the victories of the 19th and 20th have,
among many other valuable lives, deprived the Con-
federacy of one General whose place it will be
almost as hard to fill as the place of Stonewall
Jackson. It will be remembered that at Gettys-
burg the services of General Hood were at an
early period lost to General Lee. General Hood
suffered greatly from a painful wound which broke
both bone 4 of his left arm, and I was shocked re-
cently to observe how much he had been reduced by
his wound. But when the order to his division to
go to the West arrived, nothing could withstand
his impatience to accompany them, and with wound
only half healed, and against the advice of his
friends, he hurried out in company with General
Longstreet. Tidings have been received that in the
battle of Chattanooga one of his legs woe carried off
by a cannon shot, and it is impossible to hope that
iu his weakened condition he can recover from such
a wound. There have been men by dozens in the
war who have on both sides attracted more of the
public attention, but it is certain that no braver, no
more modest, no more faithful and self-sacrificing
soldier than General Hood.

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ing about 4 dols. per foot front, parts of some of the largest
of these claims having again been resold by the purchasers
for as much in some instances as they originally paid for the
whole. Messrs. Hagens and Co. at first worked with pans
and cradles, but now they aro operating exclusively wish
the sluice I have referred to. A few days previous to my
visit to the mine Dr. Reed, of Quebec, had purchased the
Viellieux and Grondin lots for, I was informed, 300 dols.
each, and had placed men to work on one-third shares ;
these had been notified to desist by Messrs. Hagens and Co.,
and such notice being di: regarded, the latter had sued out
process against them. Matters were in this state when I
left the mine. Though many, it was said, had been disap-
pointed, I think that for the most part the workings have
proved remunerative, for I did not see or hear myself
while I was there of any instance of dissatisfaction or dis-
appointment. The returns, of course, as in all such cases,
vary very much, giving in some instances not much over
2 dols. per day per man, and in others above 6 dols. on the
whole claim, which takes usually from a week to a fortnight
to exhaust, according to the number of the men employed.
I will give a few instances :—Eight men, 15 days each, 40
dole.; total, 320 dols., or 2 dole. 66 cents. per man per
diem; four men, 15 days each, 100 dols,; total, 400 dole.,
or 6 dols. 66 cents. per man per diem.
On one of the occasions upon which I visited the mine
ten men had got out of one pit nearly 200 dole. on that day
alone, while on another claim three men had taken out 7
dols. 50 cents. the previous afternoon, and 1 dol. 50 cents.
out of two pansful washed in the cradle the following morn-
ing. It is somewhat difficult to ascertain, with any degree
of certainty, during such a short visit as I made, the quan-
tity of gold which has been extracted from this river since
May. The Poulins and Rodrigue have met with the
greatest success, both by being the first in the field, and by
having the good fortune to select a rich location. One of
the Poulins admitted to me that the share of each of the
four had already exceeded 1,000 dole., and I am inclined to
think this amount an under estimate, for I heard that they
had owned to a larger sum, and I can see no reason why
they should seek to exaggerate. I myself saw at Rod-
rigue's house, on my second visit to the mine, upon my
return from the junction of the Du Loup and Chaudiere, a
largo saucer nearly full of pure gold of the weight of about
51b., representing, at 18 dole. per ounce, which is the selling
price at the mine, 1,080 dels. This, Rodrigue told me, was
two-thirds of the gold which he and the Poulins had got
out of the claim they had bought from Hagens and Co. since
their purchase. In this saucer was a piece of about 5± oz.
worth nearly 100 dols., which had been found about two
weeks previous. Among other incidents I noticed a woman
who was working- a claim with her husband; this woman
some time before had found a nugget worth from 80 dole, to
90 dols. As I have stated, it is very difficult for me
to form an accurate estimate of the amount altogether taken
out of the river since the spring, but, assuming that an aver-
age of 100 men have been employed per day for thelast three
months, and that the gains of each have only reached 2
dole., the total result would give 18,000 dole, as the whole
gross produce of the diggings to this day ; but I think that,
while the total number of days' labour may be less than the
above, toe average yield has been over the proportion I have
stated in such a ratio as to give the same result, from which
I conclude that a quantity at least equal to 18,000 dole, has
been extracted so far. At the same time, it is possible—
nay, probable—that much more has been taken out. the
Poulins and ttodrigua average above 10 dole, a day each,
but theirs is an exceptional case; others, however, have
collected as much es they, but during a nr,re limited
period. It is as difficult to foretell how long these diggings
may continue to give such rich returns as it is to say the
exact quantity of gold yielded up till now; but this I may
aver, that so far the supply does not seem to have fallen
off. Mr. Purceval, who has mined in California, told me
that the indications were exact y similar to those of one
of the mines he worked at there. Besides Mr. Pur-
ceval, I met with others who had been in California,
and gave the same opinion. I also saw and conversed
with several miners from Nova Scotia, but theirs are
mostly quartz mines. During my visit to the mine I could
not help being struck with the unsystematic and altogether
unsatisfactory manner of the works at present going on
there. The pits are being sunk in every conceivable posi-

tion, without regard to order or convenience. Instead of
arrangements being made by which those fronting on the
river could make use of the water in concert with those
who have obtained claims in rear, or the claims being made
narrower on the river and longer, so as to give the same
superficies by which a water frontage would be secured to
each, the miners working in rear of those who have secured
claims in front of their holdings have to carry their gravel
and stone some distance further down to the stream in
pans or boxes. This may be owing in part to the unsatis-
factory tenure of the holdings, each one being only anxious

to secure as much as he possibly can before the season is
brought to a close. The necessity of some well devised
licensed scheme is thus made most apparent. I also think

that sufficient care is not taken by the miners, and that
some of the gold is lost. This they will learn by experience,
as well as the introduction of those appliances which have
been made so usefully available in California, and which,
during high water especially, could no doubt be turned to
good account with advantage here.
I left the mine at about 6 in the evening and proceeded a
short distance towards the mouth of the river, where I visited
another working about 40 arpents up the strcam,where seven
Americans have been at work for a few days on a lot belong-
ing to the Gilbert before mentioned, being, I believe, No. 70
in the first range. They have dug a trench about Oft. deep
and lOtt, long at the side of the river, a little below where
Dr. Dougles mined some few years ego; but, as they had
left their work for the day, I could not ascertain the result
of their operations. I heard, however, from Gilbert that
they had not as yet obtained much gold. I then proceeded
off to the junction of the Du Loup and Chaudiere, where I
passed the evening.
The next morning I visited the location of the Du Loup,
where it unites with the Chaudiere, and in the Fief St.
Charles, seigniory of Aubin de l'lsle, which was worked
for some years by Mr. James Logan and others, under the
licence promised by the Government to Mr. Oatey in 1551,
The licensees, having got into difficulties with the owners of
the lot (one Craig), gave up operations, which were after-
wards resumed by a company from Napanee, who worked
for three years, and finally also abandoned it, the land pur-
chased by them from Craig having been sold at the suit of
the latter by the Sheriff for non-payment of the balance of
the purchase price, and bought in by Mr. Child., notary, of
Quebec, in Craig's interest. The location is now unworked.
't he parties acting under Oatey's licence furnished returns to
the department, and covered, I understand, their expenses.
the Napanee Company proceeded without authority from
the Crown, and never furnished any returns; they sunk a
shaft on the bank of the river, and as far as I could learn,
were not very successful. I did not see or hear of any fur-
ther mining operations having been undertaken beyond
this point. :The St. Lawrence Mining Company, incorpo-
rated by act of Parliament, own land, it is said, for mining
purposes in the township of Jersey on the rivers Du Loup,
Metgermette, and Portage, but have not yet worked any
mines thereon. I next visited the falls on the Chaudiere,
two or three miles above the junction, and in the townships
of Jersey and Shanley, but as no mining operations were
going on beyond, I here retraced my steps homeward.
On my return I passed the Famine, which was worked
for some time by Dr. Douglas, under the De Lery patent,
and in the afternoon again visited the mine on the upper
part of the Gilbert, and left the following day on my way
to Quebec.

At one of the Poulin's I saw nine pieces of gold found in
the Chaudiere. the Plantes, the Gilbert, and the Famine.
These pieces varied from a couple of dwts. to if oz. each. I
noticed that that got from the Chaudiere was of a much
lighter colour than that of the Gilbert, containing most
likely a larger quantity of silver alloy.
I learnt that previous to this year Dr. Denies had worked
on the Plantes, the Gilbert, and the Famine, and that in
one season he had obtained a considerable sum out of the
Plantes. The gold found in this last mentioned river is smaller
than that of the Gilbert, the largest piece got out of it hav-
ing been of the value of 30 dols, but it has not been worked
very far up.
The Mr. Brock before mentioned also worked with others
at the Chaudiere last year, under a lease from Dr. Douglas.
A vein of quartz crosses across theChaudiere,at the Devil's
Rapids, in St. Frangois, a little below the Gilbert, and is
seed on the hill on the main road. I also saw quartz crop-
ping out in several places. Some of the qaartz, lam told,
has been tested, and contains gold.
No quartz mining operations have yet been undertaken
anywhere, sufficient indications not having presented them-
selves, and the mining has so far been confined exclusively
to alluvial diggings ; but explorers, of whom I met more
than one, are now out in numbers, and the existence or not
of gold in the quartz state, in eau, in sufficient quantities to
pay for working, will now, no doubt, soon be established.
All the mining operations have also so far taken place in
the seigniories, nothing having been done, as far as I could
learn, on the Crown lands.
The country through which I travelled along the banks
of the Chandlers consists of rich alluvial flats, gradually
rising from the river to a distance in some places of as much
as 30 to 40 arpents, with hills and plateau of cultivated land
in rear, well and continuously settled as far as I went to tha
forks of the Du Loup and Chaudiere. The lots on the De
Lery range of lligaud Vandreuil, where the mining on the 1
Gibert is going on, being the third from the river, are un-
improved, but the first two ranges are all cleared and culti-
vated.

I cannot conclude this report without bearing testimony
to the quiet and good order existing at the Gilbert mine.
The mines consist principally of French Canadian habitans
from the .:`-djoining parishes, with a few persons from Quebec
and elsewhere, and at neither of my visits did I hear a
worn spoken in a:Tr'.
I have the honour to jyc, Sir, your obedient servant,
F. T. JUDA.,CIerk Crown Domains, &c.
The Hon. W. M'Dougall, t,:,rnmissioner of Crown
Lands, &c.. Quebb..l.

Major Bray-
The funeral of the late Staff-Surg. -rerday at
brooke, Military Train, took place yep- was
Woolwich, with full military honours, anta, ,
attended in procession by about 500 officers ant.
men consisting of detachments of various corps, and
the officers commanding brigades and division. Dr.
Braybrooke died suddenly at his family residenc,
in Mill-lane.