The Sun.
London, England, 1830-12-31 00:00:00

w .4 •

LONDON,
FRIDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 81, 1839.

This day closes the year 1830—a year which
dates a new era in the march of time and pro-
gress of humanity to that goal of civilization—
Liberty—and happiness, which is the great aim
of our being. The year 1830 stands forth to
posterity as the birth-time of a Revolution in
the moral as well as the political destiny of man !
and it will hereafter be termed the year of
Revolution, Reform, and Renovation !—a
year pregnant with blessings to generations
yet unborn. And to what miracle is this
Ausiciouit—eilingg-04/04.1.0
assuredly to the march of mind, and the "con-
sequent triumph of public opinion. It is the
glorious working of this principle that has
achieved public liberty in France—that has con-
quered freedom in Belgium—that now asserts
independence in Poland, and is at this moment
bursting forth in Switzerland---Prussia—Ger-
many —ltaly—till the torch of liberty relume the
nations from the Alps to the Pyrennees—and
the voice of joy and gratulatiou be heard from
one extremity of Europe to the other.
In England how remarkable has been the
change as contrasted with other years—though
distress pervades the land, yet that distress is
only the consequence of that expiring policy
which had accumulated so much misery by a
concatenation of bad laws—worse administered
—by unwarrantable, because unconstitutional,
privileges, for the benefit of one class at
the expense of all the rest—by monopoly
on the one hand and deprivation on the
other—till, driven to desperation by the force
of circumstances alone, the whole nation, as if
by one accord, anti with unanimous voice, de-
mand that Reform which had been so often
promised to their car but broken to their hope !
A new reign has commenced, and a new
11/linistry promises to make that reign propi-
tious I Public opinion asserts its undoubted
right, and the march of the Schoolmaster dif-
fuses gratitude because it convinces reason.
The might of the people is felt, but so
too is their moderation acknowledged to
be greater than their power ! The days
of patronage arc gone by, and the people
of this country rely with confidence in
the justice of the KING and the wisdom of his
Ministers. They hope for gradual but certain
improvement in the institutions of the country,
which can only be respected so long as they
are beneficial. They look to the asser-
tion of general, not particular liberty—
the independence of the many—not the tyranny
of the few ;—the advancement of true religion
—not the canting hypocrisy of odious,
worldly, and unchristian pluralism; in short, to
the liberty of conscience and right opinion in
all matters appertaining to the civil as well as to
the religious duties of man.
Let us hope that the year 1830 has seen the
downfall of tyranny and superstition, and the day
star of peace arise to gladden the nations ; and
that it bequeaths to its successor the happy con-
summation of that freedom, for the attainment
of which so much blood has been shed, and so
much treasure been sacrificed.

By the Prussian State Gazette of the 24th
instant, we have news from Warsaw to the 20th,
from which it appears that although a deputation
had been sent to St. Petersburgh, yet unremit•
ting preparations were making to put the capital
in the best state of defence. An express had
arrived from St. Petersburgh, stating that the
EMPEROR was resolved on immediate measures
for suppressing the << rebellion." But notwith-

standing this, the communication between Russia
and Poland was thrown open by order of the
Russian Authorities. The Warsaw Gazette
states, that on the news being received of the
EMPEROR having ordered the division of Gene-
ral POSEN to advance, the DICTATOR sent word
to that General, that if he crossed the Polish
frontiers, the Polish army would immediately
advance to meet him. If this be so, we may
shortly expect to hear of a bloody battle.
The PO ish Diet was opened on the 18th,
when the Marshal or President on his election
immediately set a generous example to his
countrymen by offering a contribution of 30,000
florins towards the wants of the State. All the
Deputies instantly followed, each subscribing ac-
cording to his ability. The Chamber of Senators
also followed this patriotic example. Nay, more,
as if this were not enough to excite the national
enthusiasm, the Chamber of Deputies resolved
to go on the following day in civil uniform, and
personally assist in throwing up the entrench-
ments at Praga for the defence of the suburbs.
While the Poles exhibit such marks of devotion
to the cause of liberty, and are true to themselves,
there need be little fear for the independence of
their country. The recognition of Belgium is
a great point gained to their cause. That the
Emperor of RUSSIA places little confidence in
the army of Lithuania may be inferred from the
fact that they are ordered into the interior !

WARSAW, Dxc. 20.—Our Jonnalls from the 17th to
the 20th contain the following news:—
" On: Thursday, the 16th, Colonel Ilaulre, Aide-de-
Camp to his 51,kjesty the Emperor of Russia, arrived here
from St. Petersburgb with despatches, according to which
his Majesty, immediately on receiving the news of the
troubles here, issued his orders to the Council of Admi-
nistration, to act in every thing according to the directions '
of his Imperial Highness the Cesarowit,sch. Considering
the subsequent course of events, and that the deputation
which set out on the 10th from Warsaw is commissioned
to represent to his Majesty the real state of things, in con-
sequence of which, as it is thought, other directions may,
perhaps, he given by his Majesty, the Dictator and the
Provisional Government have, in their answer to his Ma-
jesty, referred to the statement to be made by the depu-
tation, and wait for his further decisions. The depu-
tation is said to have arrived on the 15th, at midnight, on
the Polish frontier town of Tarespol, where, by command
of his Imperial Highness the Cesarewitsch, every facility
for proceeding on the journey was afforded.
"On the 16th, too, an express brought to the Bauk
the news that the communication between the Russian
frontier station of Kauen, and that of Alexda, on our
side, which was interrupted on the Bth, by order of the
Russian authorities, was opened again on the 12th ; so
that letters, goods, and travellers provided with passports,
are permitted to pass without hindrance, as well from
Russia to Poland as from Poland to Russia. On the
news, however, that his Majesty the Emperor had ordered
the corps of General Posen to enter Poland, the Dictator
(according to the Warsaw Gazette of today) sent his
aid-de-camp to that General to declare to him, that as
soon as the Russian army passed the frontier of Poland,
he should immediately give orders to the Polish troops to
advance. It is said here that the Lithuanian corps in
Russia is ordered to withdraw from the Polish frontiers.
Its place will be supplied by the corps of Generals Sacken
and Pahlen.

"On the leth the two Chambers of the Diet met in
the usual place of their sitting, in the Royal Palace. After
previous consultation with the Dictator and the Provi-
sional Government, it was resolved; in the preparatory
sitting, that the formal opening of the Diet should take
place on the 21st. They then. proceeded to choose a
Marshal of the Diet, and their choice fell unanimously on
Wladislaw Oitrowski, Deputy front the district of Po-
trikau. As soon as the Marshal's Staff was handed to
him, he offered to the Chamber a contribution of 30,000
florin, towards the wants of the State. All the Depu-
ties immediately followed his example, each according to
his ability. The Chamber of Senators followed his
example, and then joined the other Chamber. The Mar-
shal acquainted the Chamber of Senator. with his election,

esseiet phr eamest ens*, Of she,
,Chessobier, end oleo *bee isli
first act had been the format recognition of the insurrec-
tion, and invited the Senate to follow this example, which
it immediately did, by the (organ of the President. Lastly,
it was agreed to adjourn till Tuesesy. The Chamber of
Deputies also resolved, that all its Members should go on
the following day, in civil uniform, to Pragn, and there
assist in throwing up the entrenchments for the defence of
the suburbs.

According to his previous declarations, the Dictator, as
soon us the Diet was opened, resigned his authority► to the
representatives of the country, of which be informed the
inhabitants of the capital by a prodamation.
General Szembeck will take the command•in-chief of
the vanguard ; General Woyerzywki will succeed him as
Governor of the city. General Palkowski is said to be
on his way hither.
Five new batteries of field artillery will he organized in
a few days. Increased exertions are made to strengthen
the fortifications of the capital beyond the Vistula.

The inhabitants of the district of Aliechow presented to
the Provisional Government an address, dated the 13th,
signed by 200 citizens, in which they offer their services
as scythe-bearers.
Divine service for forty hours, for the happy restoration
of tranquillity, began here today.
In the Jewish elementary schools instructions were
given all la►t.creek as usual.
On the 17th an important and interesting action was
brought before the Criminal Court of Masuvia, against
several persons formerly holding office in the Waiworlship
of Cracow, who ate accused of peculation in their office;
the defalcation amounts to 200,000 florins.

Bynum, I)Ec. Y3.—Fusins.
St. Schuld SO. 4 per cent 8314
Priosian Englith Loan, 1818, 5 percent..
Ditto Ditto 18•22, 5 per cent. OS
Ditto Bonds l&dO, 4 per cent.

The following are extracts from Hamburg,
Dutch, and German Papers. It would appear
that the Polish insurrection was conceived so far
back us 1828, and only waited for a proper op-
portunity. The Hungarians are asking them-
selves, what have the Belgians done ?—and what
are the Poles now doing ? The Hungarian levy
refuses to march I—What next?—

FRONTIERS or HUNGARY, Dsc. 14.—Reeitits the
regiments already on their march to the Polish frontiers,
the, regiments Saline, Albrecht, and D. Miguel, and se-
veral battalions of the Transylvania frontier regiments,
are ordered to Ga 114,6, The Hungarians have not yet
taken any steps towards the levy of recruits. The reason
is the following t—The States, before they granted the
levy, requested the Emperor, that in commanding the
Hungarian troops tlie Hungarian language might be used
instead of the German, which, in order to attain the ob-
ject aimed at, was partly promised them. As obstac!ett
appear to have arisen to the fulfilmrnt of these promises,
the States have resolved that the levy shall not commence
till the *beta:des are removed. Besides this main con-
diion, the Diet will request the Emperor, who will
shortly come to Prrsburg, to promise not to put any Ger-
man officers in the Hungarian regiments, and to let their
regiments be eantoned in their own country.
WARsAw, Dec este e N. 16. —The Warsaw courier,
number 895, has a supplement and a narrative df Peter
Wisoteki, Second Lieutenant in the Military
.Schools in
which he gives a detailed report of the origin of the
present Polish Revolution. It appears that be formed a
conspiracy so far back as December Is, 1828, which at
first consisted of himself and five young Lieutenants :
K. Parchkiewitch, K. Dubrowolooki, K. Karnitzki, A.
Laski, and J. Gorowski. Their number gradually in.
created, and they proceeded with great caution. The
Polish Diet gave that an opportunity to extend their so-
ciety. The most distinguished persons belonged to it ;
among them was General Niemtechewitsch, who was
killed. The time for the breaking out of the conspiracy
was several times fixed, but obstacles always arose. The
present explosion was the work of short consultatienomd
the power of the conspirators already so great, that the
plan could herdly fail.
BERLIN, DEC. 21.—1 t is confidently affirmed that two
Monarchs closely allied will have an Interview at Thorn.
A proclamation of the Emperor Nicholas is said to have
bees received here, in which the most energetic measures
to suppress the insurrection in Poland are ennouuced.
THE HAGUE, Dxc. 26.—Letters from Frankfort say,
that the Diet has called on the King of Hanover to protect

the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg with troop, and that a
carps of the Hanoverian army may be shortly expected.
Laudan is to be formally given up in the course of
next month to the German Confederation, and gar.
'donned in its name. One of our Journal gives the
following statement of the strength of our military force.

We have Militia, altogether
Regular troops in the field and in garrison 30,000

Marine -
I 2,'70 0

To these must he added the Yagers •f Van Dam, the
Royal Yagers, the Students of Utrecht, Leyden, and Gro.
ningen ; 5,000 Militia, still stafona:T; 4,000 new levies;
2,800 extra conscripts, &c.
Ilsstunito, DEC. 24.—BoasEN HALLE, HALF-PAST
FOUR O'CLOCK.—Several parcels of wheat that had been
warehoused, were brought into the market this week and
eagerly brought up. Still every attempt of the holders to
raise the quotations failed. From the interior the arrivsls
were trifling.
In. Rye very little has been doing: prices however
maintain themselves.

Few sake of Barley have been. effected. In the early
part of the week some purchases were made for exporta-
tion, bet during the last two or three days there has been
little or no demand.

From the 11th to the 19th, 12 cargoes of corn passed
the Sound, 5 bound to British ports.
Weight. Rix dollars.
Dantzic Wheat 122 to 126 — to
Silesian IN to 128 155 to 175
Anhalt, white llB to 124 145 to 175
-- red 1.1 to 123 150 to 175
Danish WO to 128......19.1 to 120
Dantzle Rye llB to 122 94 to 100
Upland 116 to 1"..3 94 to 98
Danish 116 to 120 BB to 9'2.

Peteraburgh and Riga 118 to 192
Magdeburgh Barley 48 to 184
Anhalt 9B to 104
Holstein —to

94 to 100
10 to 75
72 to 78
60 to 68

Mecklenburgh

The following table shows the quantity of grain im-
ported and exported during the week, as also the quantity
supposed to remain on hand for sale:—
Lasts Imported. Lasts Exported. Stock on Hand.
Wheat 495 275 0000

Rye 872
Burley
7_ - 207 2OO

Oats

The,business among our stock-jobbers to-day, Was
chiefly confined to the realization of their differences (or
the end of the month. It is, however, believed, that most
of the heavy accounts are already closed, and there seems
to be every probability, that, notwithstanding the immense
fluctuations that have taken place, the settlethent will go
over quietly. Our place is supposed to have won very
largely.—Discount, st per cent.
End of December.
Anglo-Danish Loan 3 per Cent 52;4
Anglo-Russian Loan BOl4
Hamburg-Russian Loan 7l'
Polish Bonds 76
New Prussian Four per Cents. (IWO) 73
Austrian Bank Shares sr2s
Austrian Metalliques B,l Is;
New Hanoverian Loan

'We are given to understand that Captain the
Honourable HENRY DUNCAN, brother of Lord
DUNCAN, will succeed to the appointment of
Surveyor-General of the Ordnance, vacant by
the death of the late lamented Sir ROBERT
SPENCER.

It is stated that Sir HussEY VIVIAN is to
succeed Sir JOHN BYNG, as Commander of the
Forces in Ireland.

On the presentation of the Trades' Address
to Mr. O'CONNELL on Monday last, a singular
circumstance occurred. At the very moment
that the deputation • was approaching the statue
of King WILLIAM, the Marquis of A NOE. ESE A ,
accompanied by a single servant, on horseback,
suddenly made his appearance in the midst of
the crowd, who, thus taken by surprise—the
leaders of the procession having evidently for-
gotten to tutor them as to their conduct in the
event of such an improbable occurrence—gave
vent to the natural impulse of their feelings, and
cheered the Noble Marquis with as much,
if not more, enthusiasm, than they dis-
played towards Mr. O'Corm.m. on the
occasion of his late entry into Dublin.
This, which was a coup d'etat of the first order,
was, of course, gall and wormwood to the
" mighty agitator"---and, accordingly, notwith-
standing tits acknowledged tact and experience,
•Ite.eoukl not, when, adverting to the circum-
stance, conceal his mortification. u I have now
to thank you," he observed, addressing the de-
putation from his balcony, " for your conduct
to Lord ANGLESEA, as he rode amongst you in
your progress here. He did so'contrary to his
proclamation, but like the hero in the ballad,
he rode all unarmed, and he rode all alone.'
Yesterday the poor soldiers were all day at their
posts, with the slow matches burning amongst
theta and to-day a Nobleman rides amongst
you, and conquers you all." Really Mr. O'CoN-
NELL'S condescension in allowing an Irish mob
to be polite to their LORD-LIEUTENANT, is
greatly to be commended I