The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 2, 1863

as well as the lowest class soffr
Ere qnugelni
sthl ymtehne
in
i tgihme
es
st
of danger." Sir is
DAVID BREWSTER has recently
pluck' which distinguishes
us a highly
given
interesting account of the origic
w -
of this institution, which, it seems, owes its exist-
ence to the benevolent exertions of Sir ILLIAM
HILLARY. This gentleman, having frequently wit-
nessed the horrors of shipwreck from his residence
in the Isle of Man, and having himself been instru-
mental in saving life, determined to do something
to mitigate the evil. Finding the Admiralty and
other official powers, as usual, inert and indifferent,
he convened a public meeting, and stirred up the
sympathies of the public, so that, at the London
Tavern on the 4th of March, 1824, the Royal
National Institution for the Preservation of Life
from Shipwreck was founded under his auspices.
The great and good work then begun has never
since been abandoned. It has gained in extent
and importance until foreign princes and potentates
are eager to contribute to its stores, and prompt to
acknowledge the obligations which, through their
countrymen, they owe to it. We cannot doubt that
it will now, as heretofore, command the ready
assistance of the public in its appeals for support,
since, however great may be the precautions taken,
and however favourable the circumstances, a large
number of wrecks and disasters at sea is inevita-
ble on the sea-board of a maritime nation. While
men arc to be found to do the work of danger,
surely we need not hesitate to give our pounds
when they give their lives. The Lifeboat Insti-
tution is an association of the greatest practical
value, and not the least of its services is the col-
lecting of clear and authentic information, which
is the first step to taking wise and profitable
action.

Speeches from members of Parliament seem to be
in fashion just now. It is true that this often occurs
at this time, but this year they are more than ever
prevalent. Perhaps the reason is that the members
of the legislature are determined to make up for lost
time, and as the French would say, dedommage
othfetmheseplvaesst
sfoer estihon. their shTohretcDomuike ngoaf MARLBOROUGH
and debates
—ARLBOROUGH
and Mr. HENLEY have been busy at Woodstock.
The Duke, in a short speech, remarked on the great
improvement that had taken place in regard to the
work of this and other societies. He said it showed
how much better they were now appreciated by
agriculturists, and this gratifying fact was shown
by the increased attendance at these meetings, and
the improvement of the shows which took place.
His Grace truly remarked that the "interests of
agriculture in this country are paramount, they are
second to none that can be named. Manufacturing
and commercial interests were manifold in their
claims to a prominent place in its annals
and its
history, but notwithstanding this, it would be found
that agriculture would maintain its ancient promi-
nence." There was more than the flattery suited to
a festive occasion in these statements, and the noble
speaker also added an equally correct remark when
he said that there was room for ample improvement
in the "agriculture of this country." lie held out
an incentive to his hearers to urge them on to re-
newed exertions by mentioning that they must keep
pace with the sister interest, for he called it that,
and not an antagonistic one, of manufacture. They
there saw what wonderful effects the combined in-
fluence of capital, energy, and intellectual power
worked, and he would ask whether the bountiful
soil GOD had given them was not as capable of ren-
dering a return for the like advantages as manu-
factures and commerce. So far this discourse
was encouraging, and also invigorating. Mr-
HENLEY corroborated the remarks of the puke'
and also adduced a valuable testimony to the
truth
of the favourable opinion expressed regarding
England. He said that we might be vain and con-
ceited in our notions, or, at all events, too partial
in our opinions, but a distinguished foreigner like
the Duke D'AUMALE, who resided in this country,
was likely to take a just view of what he saw before
him. This Prince had expressed
a
favourable
opinion of them as farmers and Englishmen' He
said that it was well for us that we were indepen-
dent in our management of these societies, and
Government had nothing to do with our farming.
Mr. HENLEY contradicted the assertion
that had
been made by some people that after free trade was
introduced the first spring of agriculture took place.
He said that the first spring took place 40 or 50
years ago. So far back as the beginning of this
century there was an agricultural society,
which
was supported by Parliamentary grants. Some
years after the Government got economical,
and the
society was snuffed out. The Royal Agricultural
Society then sprung up. Aa to progressing he did
not think that agriculture had ever stood still. In
thorough draining, he considered that a great im-
provement had taken place. Also, another
advan-
tage was, that they brought stock to market
quicker. Then, in machinery, improvements had
gone on gradually from the "rough horse. thrashing
machine to those steam implements which we see
working at every one of these shoves." Mr.
HENLEY concluded his interesting
serving that they could not move in too much
hurry; they must often have to test the value of this
or that experiment before they put it in practice_
They must watch the effect of speech by ob
three or four seasons,
they could not always " jump at conclusions as if
their experiments were made within four walls,
and under a fixed condition
that of things."
He thought that by the exercise of dis-
crimination by watching the effect of inven-
tions, and adopting those
promised to be
of eventual benefit, they might keep the agri-
culture of their country, as it now was,
at the head of the agriculture of the
world. Mr. HENLEY'S oration was remarkable for
solid sense and sterling argument.
He adopted the
happy middle course,a;
which so few can attain to
with any degree of success, and seemed alike re-
moved from incautious haste, and over-reticence of
procedure. We need some such characters now-a-
days in the whirl of eddying
events to restrain the
too eager and impetuous from dashing on at rail-
road speed, and bringing themselves and others to
destruction. There is sometimes as much or more
danger in being too fast as in being too slow, and
they are fortunate who find in their advisers that
desirable and necessary difference of opinion which
imparts a strength from its very variety, and incul-
eates the best precepts that opposing candidates
have to offer. That is one of the great advantages
of these agricultural societies that those who attend
them have so many opportunities of hearing divers
opinions expressed on all topics that can imme-
diately claim their attention or locally affect their
interests. They may differ from some altogether
and only partially agree with another, but still
some passages of a speech that they dissent from may
contain instruction for them, or it may serve to them
a new light on an old subject. Tot homines tot sen-
tentice is a quaint adage of antiquity, and its veracity
is often seen in the meetings of this day, but still
from the diversity of opinions great advantages are
derived. They are generally neutral grounds of
discussion, and from them are banished acerbity of
feeling and irritation of sentiment. The members
and the visitors for the most part agree to differ,
end when once this understanding exists the results
are always beneficial to all parties who are inte •
rested in the affair.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

[R RITTER'S TELEGRAMS.]

AMERICA.

DEFEAT AND RETREAT OF ROSE-

CRANZ.

NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 21 (Morning).
(Per the Scotia.)
QUEENSTOWN, OCT. 2,

The royal mail steamer Scotia, from New York,
on the 23d ult., arrived here at 5.30 a.m. She

brings 121 passengers and 395,000 dollars in specie.
She landed 100 sacks of mails and seven passengers,
and proceeded at 6 a.na. All well. She made the
passage in 81 days.

General Rosecranz has been defeated, and com-
pelled to retreat to Chattanooga, after two days'
fighting, by Gen. Bragg, who had been heavily
reinforced by Lee, Beauregard, and Joe Johnstone.
Gold, 40.
The details of General Rosecranz's defeat are
meagre. The following is an account of the first
day's battle. On the morning of the 19th the Con-
federates attacked General Rosecranz near Chicka-

manga Creek. A fierce musketry engagement
ensued, the wooded nature of the ground preventing
the use of artillery. Early in the engagement the
Confederates captured five guns of the celebrated
Loomas battery. Fierce fighting continued till 2
o'clock in the afternoon, when the Federal centre
Was pushed, broken, and retreated in disorder, pur-
sued by the Confederates, who were, however,
afterwards checked and driven back.

The Confederates then drove General Davis's
division back with heavy loss, capturing every gu❑
of the Bth Indiana Regiment. Davis, however,
succeeded in rallying his forces, and retook his
guns.

General Reynolds' division Buffered severely, but
maintained its position. Palmer's division lost two
guns. Van Cleve's division lost ground, and did

not regain its position.
A general fight continued until long after dark.
At its termination both armies are said to have
occupied the same ground as at the commencement.
The Federals captured ten guns and lost seven.
NEW YORK, SEPT. 22 (Morning).

The New York World asserts that information
has reached New Orleans that the French had
occupied Matamoras with 5,000 troops. A collision
is expected to take place at the mouth of the Rio
Grande between the French and Federal gunboats
on matters connected with cotton and supplies for
the Confederates.

Cortes, the Governor of Sonora, has arrived at
Washington. It is rumoured that his object is to
establish a Mexican alliance with the Federal
Government.

The New York Herald says :—" It is reported
that Vice• President Stephens has gone to Europe
with an offer to cede Texas to France it return for
French assistance to the Confederate Government.

NEW YORK, SEPT. 23 (Morning).
(Per the Scotid.)

The following are the details of the battle,
fought on the 20th day of September, be-
tween Rosecranz and Bragg :—The engagement
commenced late on the morning of the 20th. Soon
afterwards General Thomas, holding the Federal
left, called for reinforcements, and at noon was com-
pelled to retreat. The second line of reinforce-
ments, with 111‘Cook's corps, which was on the
right and intended as a reserve, was sent to rein•
force Thomas, Van Cleve holding the front
centre, and Crittenden's corps
were also or-
dered to the left, their places being filled
by Davis and Sheridan, who had hardly formed
in line before the Coufederate line buret upon the
Federal centre. This lasted twenty minutes, when
Van Cleve, on Thomas's right, gave way.
Sheridan and Davis's corps broke in disorder,
borne down by Bishop Polk's corps. Negley's and
Van Cleve's divisions rallied and held their places
on the right and left of Thomas's corps.
Davis and Sheridan late in the day rallied 8,000
men and joined Thomas, who, being cut off from
the right, took up an independent position, when
he was reinforced by two divisions, and maintained
a stubborn fight till after dark, retiring at night to
Rossville, where he received orders to join Rose-
cranz, who was concentrating at Chattanooga.
It is reported that the Confederates engaged
Thomas again on the 21st, and it was doubtful if
he could reach Chattanooga that night. There were
indications on the night of the 21st that the Con,
federates contemplated a demonstration on another
part of Rosecranz's line.

Bragg's army is variously estimated at from
70,000 to 06,000 strong.

The Federal loss in killed, Wounded, and prisoners
is estimated at 12,000 men.
1,300 Confederate prisoners have been sent to
Nashville,

Intercepted Southern despatches state that
General Bragg engaged General Rosecranz on the
19th and 20th, capturing 20 guns and 500 prisoners.

General Burnside is moving to reinforce Rose-
cranz. 300 of Burnside's troops were surrounded
on the 9th near Knoxville.

News has been received from Charleston to the
20th September. It is reported that the Monitors
were unable to pass up to Charleston. The erection
of Federal batteries in Fort Gregg and Cumming's
Point was proceeding slowly, on account of the
C
annoyance from the
-enfederate batteries which
fired every 20 minutes,
The Confederates were
reported to be repairing Fort Sumter.
General Lee's and
each other on the Rapidan.
—Meade's armies are confronting

Mor© frosts have damaged the Kentucky tobacco
crops. Gold, 37k.

Considerable anxiety, if not
in Washington at the alarm, is expressed
Washington states that
Southern Confederacy b—
y France. A letter from
probable recognition of the
the Emperor Napoleon
consented to form an alliance with the Confede-
rates and assist them to establish their independ-
ence as early as December last, provided they
would yield Texas to Prance. The Confederates
objected to the conditions, thinking that peace with
the Federal States could be more cheaply obtained.
The mission of Vice-president Stephens, under-
taken in July last, was, it is asserted, a last attempt
to secure a compromise before accepting the
Emperor's terms. His failure to obtain an audi-
ence with President Lincoln decided the Govern-
ment at Richmond to despatch Mr. Stephens to
Paris, with full powers to negotiate with the Em-
peror. Though the statement is disbelieved, as to
the price of recognition, an impression prevails that
the recognition itself has been finally determined
upon.

A fugitive white man, recently arrived here from
the Southern States, reports that Richmond is in a
most perfect condition of defence; that 100 guns
cover the approach to the city by the river alone ;
that sufficient wheat, corn, and beef for the use of

the Confederates has been produced during the year,
and that luxuries only are deficient. He adds that
the citizens of Charleston are fully determined to
destroy their city rather than surrender it, and that
everything is in readiness for the application of
the torch, in case it should be found necessary to
abandon it.

Letters from New Orleans of the 11th state that
a great fight had taken place between the 2d divi-
sion of the expedition under General Herron, and
a large Confederate force near Morganz3, south of
the mouth of the Red River, in which it was be-
lieved that General Herron had been defeated. The
third column, under General Washburne, met with
no better success, and had been unable to advance
into the interior, from the want of gunboats to pro-
tect his crossing of Berwick's Bay.
Deserters from the Army of the Potomac daily
suffer the penalty of death for their violation of
the Articles of War. Seven of these unfortunates
were shot on Friday last.
Considerable alarm is felt for the safety of General
Burnside, who, it is thought, will be intercepted in
his perilous march from Knoxville.
Of 1,127 men draughted in.the City of Hartford
only four have gone to the army, and of them two
are negroes. It begins to be admitted in Ministerial
circles in Washington that the Conscription Act is
a failure, and that more men and of a superior
class were obtained at less expense under the
Volunteer system.
A recent case under the Conscription Act excites
much interest. Mr. S. L. Crocker, of Boston, son
of an ex-member of Congress and brother-in-law of
Gen. Couch, having been draughted, presented a
substitute whom the Provost Marshal refused to
accept. Mr. Crocker appealed to the authorities at
Washington, but the decision of the Provost Marshal
was sustained, and Mr. Crocker received a second
notice to report for duty. Mr. Crocker, failing to
comply, was arrested, declared to be an able-bodied
man by the Examining Board, and ordered into the
service, the decision of the War Department having
deprived him of the privilege of paying the com-
mutation fee or furnishing another substitute.
The World of to-day says—" That the decisive
campaign of the army assembled in the West should
have been brought to this complexion is na light or
trivial matter. The causes which have led to such
a result demand, and we trust will receive, the most
searching investigation. The attempt which has
been made at Washington to throw the crushing
responsibility of this heavy blow and great discou-
ragement upon General Burnside, were it even
successful, would not liberate the masters and
managers of General Burnside from their just
public accountability. It was they, or the chief of
them, who planned the grand scheme of which
Rosecran z was the inadequate performer, and
Burnside the constitutional' Marplot.' "
The latest intelligence from Charleston is to the
19th inst., at which time the siege had been tem-
porarily suspended.

The Charleston Courier of the 16th states that
the Confederate steamer Sumter had been sunk be-
tween Forts Moultrie and Sumter u few dais pre-
viously, but does not mention from what cause.
The expedition to the Teche country, of which
the first division, under General Franklin, met with
such a disastrous repulse at Sabine City, was unler-
taken without the consent of General Banks, the
orders for its despatch being issued from Wash-
ington.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
NEW YORK, SEPT. 22 (Evening).

The first news of Gen. Rosecranz's defeat received
on Monday last sent gold up to 401, and exchange
to 155. They yesterday, however, receded, under
the impression that Rosecratz's position was better
than the first accounts represented. The closing
quotations to•day are—Gold, 378 ; exchange, 1511 ;
stocks dull; New York Central, 1368; Illinois, 1231;
Erie, 106-Z- ; 5 per Cent. United States Bonds, 95;
6 per Cent, do., 1061. Cotton very firm—Middling
upland, 74c. Flour advanced on Monday 30c., and
wheat and corn, 4c. to 7c., but declined yesterday;
flour losing 15e., and wheat and corn, lc. to 3c.
of the advance. The markets for these articles
are now dull. Provisions, good inquiry. Coffee
and molasses steady. Sugar advancing. Petroleum,
crude, steady, at 361 to 371 c.; refined, good en-
quiry, at 53 to 59c.