The Sun.
London, England, 1801-09-29 00:00:00

FRENCH STATE OF POLITICS.

WE mentioned in our Paper of yesterday, that
the Clef du Cabinet contained a long Review of
2olitics of the 9th year of the Republic. Its length
precludes its insertion in detail, we have, there-
fore, seicaed some passages which apply most im-
mediately to the interests of this Country.
The writer begins with the Armistice of lichen-
linden, the events,which followed it, the Conven.
tion of Steyn. the Success of the 'Acmy of Italy un-
der General BRUNE, and the Armistice of Foligno,
by which His SICILIAN MAJESTY undertook to
evacuate cc,mpletelyl tie States of the Church, and
to shut his. Ports against the English.

" Those treaties," he observes, tf were only
the preliminaries of the Continental Peace, which
was finally concluded at. Luneville after a .War of
ten years, unexampled in history. Conquered
"by -brilliant viCtories, and prepared by the- com.
hinations of a policy no less profound than gene
roux, it, restored tranquillity to Europe, extended
the limits of the Republic, and assured the triumph of
liberty. Fidelity towards our Allies, and moderation
towards our enemies, are the striking charaCters of
that ever memorable treaty. The Peace ,it has
given us will be as permanent as it is glorious. Its
guarantee consists in- the determination of the limits
or the two Powers. It was not so much a rival_
ship, contrived by particular Politicians, which
occasioned and continued the long Wars which have
occurred between France and Austria, as the dis-
quieting proximity of their Territories, and a too
real opposition of interests so difficult to be distin-
guished. But now that Rivers, Mountains, and inde-
pendent States, separate us from the Austrians, we
shall he friends, from this very consideration—that
our interests are no longer hostile.
The avish of France, as well as the constant
objeß of the efforts of her Government, was, that
the Treaty of Luneville should be a Treaty of
general Peace ; but this wish, and those efforts,
have been rendered fruitless by the ambition of
Great Britain. Europe knows all that the British
iVioistry did to make the Negotiations of Lurie-
ville tail. After having refused a Naval Armistice,
the just and necessary condition of a general Ne-
gotiation, they rejected also the proposition of en.
tetieg into a separate Negotiation, under the pre-
text that FegLnd could not abandon her Ally.
When the- Ally of England had consented to treat
without her, the British Ministry sought for other
means to retard so necessary a Peace. Notwith-
itandingfatts so notorious, it was asserted, in the
etch to fattiament, that France was resolved to
consent only to a separate Peace.
The reduCtion of Malta, after two years of
the most glorious resistance, only postponed the
prospect of Peace, by giving the English a greater
facility of trying their Expedition to Egypt.—
The violation of" the Treaty of El Ariseh (which
was broken with the view of exterminating the
French Army, according to the acknowledgatent of
Mr. DUN DAS himself) had no other effeel but that
of strengthening the possession of the French in
that interesting Colony. Fortune did not crown
British perfidy, and they were obliged to endeavour
to obtain that by force which they might have
obtained by Treaty. Gen. aka ERCROMBY, at the
head of 16,000 men, disembarked at Aboukir.; he
had to fight the Garrison of Alexandria, who op-
posed his disembarkation, but in consequence of the
superiority of his Forces, he succeeded in establish-
ing himself upon -the heights of Aboukir. It might
have been expected that the French, uniting their
Army together, would have forced the English to
re-embark with precipitation, but either from the
march of the GRAND VI I ER, which obliged them
todivide their Forces, or from the misunderstanding
between the Generals, which prevented them from
ailing in concert, Gen. MENOU arrived from Cairo
with only a Corps of Cavalry, and attacked the
English on the 21st of March. This action was
one of the most bloody during the whole war ; the
English lost their Commander in Chief, and a great -
number of Officers, and they were indebted to their
great superiority of numbers for being able to main.
fain their position. That position insured to the
English the advantage of a victory, because it
enabled them' every day to receive reinforcements.
In faCt, the Capitan Pacha very soon joined them
with a Corps of Janissaries, and several English
Corps soon arrived. The French might also expect
reinforcements, but they had a thousand obstacles
to surmount before they could succeed. GAN-
E AUME'S Squadron happily succeeded in getting
out from Brest, and in escaping CALDER'S Di-
vision, who went to the West - Indies in pur-
suit of him. GAN-1:H E AUME tried several times to'
kind reinforcements in Egypt, but he was pre-
vented either by contrary winds or by the Enemy's
fleet, and at last was obliged to return to the
'ports of the Republic. The Convention of Cairo,
war the result of these unfortunate events, and may
deei4e the possession of Egypt. Perhaps that part
of the globe, so interesting from its geographical
position, and the services which it, in ancient times,
rendered to mankind, despairs of being restored to
civilization and the arts ; and this calamity, which '
must excite the regret of the human race, springs '
alone from the mercantile interest, and the insatiable
ambition of the English !
•« An unforeseen evens, and which has lv fatal
consequences, the death of PAUL; is to be consi-
dered as the final cause of the loss of Egypt. That
Prince was assassinated at the moment in which he
was going to send his Army into Turkey, to force
the Porte to detach itself from Great Britain, and -
in which he was about to form an offensive and de-
fensive Alliance with France, and ad in concert
with her for the purpose of attacking the British
EMpire in the Indies. The bad faith and immea-
surable ambition of England, who had refused to
restore Malta to the brder of Sr. John of Jerusalem,
was net the sole cause that attached PAUL to the
Fretich Government. The admiration with which
the great :taking- of the Chief Consul had inspired
him, had disposed him to a reconciliation. It is