The Sun.
London, England, 1863-11-13 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 13, 1863,

of course their limits, and could not be expected
to continue, and to be persevered in at the

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

same rate for any lengthened period. Yet,
as objections will never cease to be raised on
every public question, and as there is no pri..

[REUTER'S TELEGRAM.]

vate arrangement which does not call forth the
sneers of cavillers, and awaken the fears of the

timid, and the doubts of the undecided and hesi-

taking, so when this difficulty was supposed to

be solved, the next news was that the assistance

afforded would invalidate the position, and detract

from the character of the volunteer establish-

ment. These exceptions were disposed of by
Eirl DE GREY, in a very satisfactory manner.

Re showed that no such detrimental influence

would exist as had been predicted by some, and
thus appropriately alluded to the unchangeable

earaeteristies of the institution. He said that "it

still maintained the free gift of time, the unpaid
services of the force." Perhaps the present posi•
tion of the Volunteers is quite as trying in its
way, and as eventful in its ultimate issue as

when first its arduous undertaking was resolved

upon, and its earliest efforts spread astonishment

and awakened admiration throughout the land. The
time has now come for a solid basis to be formed to an

undertaking that affects so materially the interests
of the community, and upon whose success the
safety of the country so immediately depends.
Therefore the advice of the noble Secretary for War

Ls particularly noticeable, when he says that which
is now required is " Permanence." This is gene-

rally the touchstone of success, and the trial of
merit, and often does it occur that some really fair,
seeming prospects are shorn of their glory and
bereft of their strength, as time goes on and trying
circumstances occur. There is no reason to doubt

that any adverse or unforeseen combinations will
detract from the higa state of efficiency to which
the Volunteers have reached, or prevent their main-

taining the high and honourable post among the
lasting military defences of the country. The last
injunction laid upon the Force, in the excellent
address referred to, was the absolute neces•
city of preserving strict discipline. This may,
perhaps, be rather unpalatable advice to some wild
enthusiasts who wish to rush to glory without any
restraining check or the interposition of the lets
and hindrances of routine, and regulations, and it
may offend the prejudices of others who desire to
enjoy the privilege of direct influence, and will be
apt to imagine that the prestige of the concern is
lost if independence is not the ruling spirit of the
hour, and vexatious orders are paramount to all

individual predilections and control, peculiarities
and prejudices. Let these demurrers take to heart
and ponder deeply on the wise words of the Secre-
tary for 'W a:. When he tells there. that no man is
fit to command who has not learnt to obey, and that
without discipline they will be but as en armed
mob, but that with its agency they may become a
"valuable supplement to an army," he declares to
them sober and salutary truths. There is a com-
pensatory result for all efforts that are made iu
the path of duty,and the sacrifices that are required
and demanded of those who would serve their
country faithfully, and perform a real and lasting
service in their generation, are always attended
with a beneficial influence on the community that
accords them, and imparts to their votaries the
spirit that deserves success if it canr.ot command it.
Taking leave of Earl DE GREY'S admirable oration,
and earnestly concurring in his testim any as to the
volunteers adding another bulwark to the throne,
and "increasing the defences of their native coun•
try," there seems one thing to remember before
quitting this subject. When Ministers are award-
ing their approbation, and Parliament voting its
grants to the efforts and support of the institution
of volunteers, it should not be forgotten that neither
cabinets nor senates called it forth. It was not
established through the deliberation of councils, nor
arranged by the decrees of the Legislature, but it
sprung forth at the spontaneous suggestion of the
community. It is a testimonial from the genius of
the nation at large—it is a people's offering to the
defences of the hearths and altars of their land. There-
fore,whatever restrictions are imposed by necessity or
changes wrought by expediency, it mast not be
forgotten what was the rise and origin of our
Volunteer forces. That, however, must not be laid
aside and forgotten, and the chief spell which con-
tributes to success will be banished, if ever this
grand and glorious institution is deprived of that
spirit of independence which should be its ruling
passion. There will be nothing which has so affected
and influenced the events of the day to a happy
issue and a peaceful termination, as the marvellous
upspringing of the Volunteers through the length
and breadth of the land. It breathed of hope to
the weak at home, and it infused fear to the strong
abroad. " The nation of shopkeepers" proved ready
and willing to defend themselves, and protect their
interests, against the encroachments of any poten
tate near or distant. What has been formed in
danger and difficulty should be preserved inviolate
in its style and spirit, so that, amid the chances
and changes now so prevalent in the political at-
mosphere, there may be one point of reliance. and
one stronghold of security, which friends, and foes
must alike acknowledge to be sure and lasting.

Rawicz, Majewaki, and many others, with several penning meanwhile, in rapid succession, though at 1
ladies, were sent away by railway to Russia. Each uncertain intervals, some of the most striking
prisoner will be informed in St. Petersburg, whether Papers that have appeared in Maga since the
it has been decided that he should be conveyed, Golden Age of the "Nodes Ambrosial, w." In-
stance this, his charming biographic commemoration
alone, separated from his countrymen. In place
of men like Sir William Follett, in his time all but
of being submitted to any examination, these ladies Lord High Chancellor of England, and of that
and gentlemen have simply been informed that the wonderful John William Smith, who, had he lived,
Government considers them of position and influ- might have been almost anything, in spite of his
ence sufficient to render their removal desirable. ungainly ways and his singularly unprepos-
-1 hey were permitted to take leave of their families, sassing appearance. Instance this—an enthral-
ling logical web to disentangle, a mysterious
who received a day's notice to get everything pre- literary nut to crack, call it what you
pared for their relatives' departure—a favour will, entitled interrogatively " Who was the
hitherto not extended to persons transported with- Murderer ?" Finally, instance this—in a lighter

out examination or trial.
A search of an extremely minute character has
been made at the residence of the Rector of the
Warsaw University, the aged Mianowski. Singu-
larly enough, it was executed while the rector was
at tea in the house of General Berg. Nothing of a
compromising nature was discovered.
It has been previously stated that, by demand of
the military tribunals, the prisons of the Inquisition
have been given up for the incarceration of political
offenders. The head of the Department of Justice,
Miszurxi, represented to Count Berg that promis-
cuous confinement of civil prisoners still under
examination in the narrow space of the House of
Correction, where they could not be kept apart
from each other, frustrated all kinds of examina-
tion, and was calculated to defeat the ends et
justice. Count Berg replied that political criminals
were the most important, and measures for their
safe detention of the greatest moment.
It is said that after this evening permission will
be given to appear in the streets up to ten o'clock
without a lantern, and that every place of enter-
tainment that will have music shall be allowed to
remain open until the same hour. The object is
supposed to be to withdraw the people from the
brooding and reflective life within doors, to which
they were compelled by the lantern nuisance and
the prohibition to go out after nine o'clock.
The majority of the Warsaw ladies appeared yes-
terday for the first time with coloured bonnets. To-
day—the first upon which the wearing of mourning
dress will be supervised—it is thought no ladies
will go out who can avoid it, to escape possible an-
, noyance from over-zealous agents of the police.

RUSSIA.
BERLIN, Nov. 13.

Advices from St. Petersburg announce that the
Imperial Bank has ceased to issue foreign bills.
The rate of exchange on that city has c .nse-
quently fallen 2 per cent.

MR. WARREN'S LAW STUDIES.

even where we are the least disposed to recognis
their validity. For he writes upon all serious
matters, as we have already remarked, in an elevated
and philosophical spirit. He writes, moreover upon
all the loftier themes that naturally come here, in

sequence, under his consideration, with what we
are ever eager to respect, a profound conscien-
tiousness. Reading his book thus, as we have done,
with a ready sense of the seriousness with which
it has been penned throughout, we would apply
to it, now that it is completed, the very words
in which Mr. Warren himself comments upon Dr.

Arnold's " .InirJductnry Lectures on Modern His-
tory." No words, in fact, that we ourselves
might put together could be more strictly applicable
to these two goodly volumes of Mr. Warren's Law
Studies. " They abound in fruitful and practical
suggestions, which cannot be entered into here, and
all of them it is not to be expected that every in-
dependent inquirer will adopt, however great his
deference to manifest worth and ability." The
panoramic view here unrolled with so touch
effect before the aspiring Law Student by this
ripe scholar, this practised lawyer, this
gifted man of letters—is certainly calculated
to fill the student-reader's heart, at one time, with

vein, yet one that we should almost be tempted to
designate hisforte, that comical poking of fun at men
and things, after the fashion of Gre'sset, laughing out
radiantly at us among the motley " Tales from
Blackwood" under the fantastic title of " Ticeler
among the Thieves." Other miscellaneous writings
of Mr. \Verret., there are, that—let us frankly con-
fess it—we don't in the least admire. Eccen-
tricities of authorship, for example, like " The
Lily and the Bee," writings that aro for us
as if they had been penned in some unknown
tongue, that are about as comprehensible to
us, let us say, for that matter, as the signifi-
cation of the awful word abracadabra. As to the
merits of the work, now more particularly, how-
ever, under consideration, there could hardly, one
might suppose, be two opinions. The hinting of a
fault, or rather of a whole multitude of faults, in
regard to these " Law Studies"—perhaps we ought
rather to say in reference to the captious and snarl-
ing criticism we are about, just for one momeut, in
passing, to particularise, the hesitation of a dislike,
of a bitter personal dislike, derived from some name-
less source, in regard to the learned author of these
pages, could alone be accounted for, very recently,
by the fact that the cynicism resulting in those two
amiable achievements, the hinting of those faults,
the hesitation of that dislike, came to view in the
columns of that clever, sneering, brilliant, offen-
sive, delightful, intolerable, weekly journal, dubbed
4ome time since by Mr. Thackeray io a moment of
Grandisonian irritation the Superfine Review !
That Mr. Warren's " Law Studies" are not perfect
—well, cela va sans dire. Errors of fact inevitably
creep into these widely ranging surveys of a
learned profession, a profession, moreover, which is
perpetually undergoing changes of all kinds in the
way of modification or development. All the time
that Mr. Warren, during these last six years, hes
been laboriously occupied in writing these pages
and revising the prootsheets with an evidently
scrupulous and cautious exactitude, the laws of
the realm in respect to several most important
departments have been undergoing a series of
remarkable transformations. The task here under-
taken to be accomplished by him has, therefore,
been all the while one of extraordinary difficulty
and delicacy. It has been something equivalent to
taking a photograph of a dissolving view. The
survey of every department of the legal profession
has, however, in this comprehensive " Introduction
to Law Studies" not only been steadily pursued
throughout those six years, but has at length at the
end of them been most happily accomplished. That
here and there, in exceptional cases, Mr. Warren's
revision of 1568 octavo pages has not been tho-
roughly completed, even in the leaf devoted
to the errata, is hardly to be wondered
at. Those oversights of the kind, however,
which have alone caught our attention, upon
a careful examination of the two volumes, are of
such microscopical minuteness, are of such utter in-
significance, intrinsically, that to particularise them
as substantial objections to the value of the work
would be the veriest inanity of hypercriticism.
Omissions of such vital importance, for example,
from that page already reverted to (xxxi.), set
apart for the corrigenda—as that Sir George
Bowyer is mentioned at p. 351 as Mr.
Bowyer, where allusion is made by the author
to the learned baronet's " Commentaries on the
Constitutional Law of England." Or, again, as that
Sir Edward Creasy, upon the very nest page (p.
352) is spoken of as Mr. Creasy, in reference
to that Indian Judge's book on the "Rise and Pro-
gress of the English Constitution." Objections
have been raised—in the same petty spirit of fault-
finding for the mere love of that cynical
pastime—by reason of Mr. Warren's gravely
enforcing upon the attention of the more
youthful, and we will presume also more in-
differently-educated, law students, the enormity of
such vulgar slips of the tongue, as the ellision of
their H's, or the interchange of v and W, or, direst
outrage of all, in this way, upon our sense of hear-
ing, the insertion of an et between a final and
initial vowel. Atrabilious, indeed, must have
been the temperament, or, at any rate, the mood, of
fhe reviewer who could seriously direct this pre-
posterous charge (viz. that of giving superfluous
advice) against Mr. Warren—seeing that at p. 226
there was ample reason under the critic's gaze,
for having his ill-humour laughed away by
a whimsical little illustration in respect
to the interpolated at—to wit " Amelia Anne,
masquerading as Amelia Renne." Objections of so
very frivolous a kind, in truth, as those already
indicated, are as completely beneath the learned
author's consideration, as might be exceptions
taken in the hearing of a Gothic architect to
some casual flaw or stain upon the nose of a gar-
goyle. Fail to coincide with the conclusions ar-
rived at by Mr. Warren in the course of his elabo-
rate treatise, we cannot but to do repeatedly, as is
but natural, indeed, in regard to a work so elaborate
and comprehensive in its character. His opinions,
for example, as to the absolute unans werableness
of Chillingworth's argument in that famous divine's
reply to Matthias Wilson, otherwise Edward Knott,
we take to be an utterly extravagant exaggeration.
Imagine yourself, (he says, to the Student Reader),
in the place of that unhappy opponent of Chilling-
worth—" Can you find an instant's opening ? Is
your opponent ever off his guard ? Does he ever
make a false thrust? Or fail of parrying the best
of his antagonists ? Can you discover, in a word,
a defect, or a redundancy, in either thought or ex-
pression ?" The mere extravagance, this, of ejacu-
,atory, we will even say, of adulatory and hyper-
bolical admiration ! Again, we cannot but deem it to
be, either a very reprehensible reticence, or a very
singular forgetfulness, the omission of any reference
whatever to William Cobbett's wonderful " History
of the Protestant Reformation," where reference is
made to the annals of that extraordinary move
merit : although due attention is directed to " the
Romish view of it" obtainable from Dr. Lingard's
History of England, and. to "the Protestant, or
Church of England view of it," to be found in
" Palmer's Treatise on the Church of Christ."
Cobbett's masterpiece being in reality one of
the most powerful and notable histories—to our
thinking incomparably the most powerful and
notable history—of that period and that movement,
anywhere discoverable. Hardly, moreover (speaking
now upon a totally different subject), can we dO
otherwise than. avow our unwillingness to assent
to the accuracy and validity of the astounding con-
clusion
arrived at by Mr. Warren, at the close of his
very able and remarkable definition of the differ-
ence between the strictly legal and the strictly con-
stitutional. It seems to us, in truth, little less than
as an incontrovertible and irrefragable truth
leze mapste to dream for one moment of averring
that—lf the spirit of Englishmen had degene-
rated so far as to tolerate and approve an Act
abolishing trial by jury, prohibiting public
meetings,the Habeas Corpus Act,
of and Rights, and n and the Great Charter,
I
trhhe Bill
enit would be both legal and constitutional.
Legal ?—Yes! Constitutional ?—a thousand times
No! Constitutional?—why, the whole Constitution,
by theto, w
peasepsintg of any such act as that, would be, ipso
facto,
out of existence, would be utterly
annihilated. The application of the word to
any such Act, therefore, would be nothing lass
than the most fantastic of misnomers. Fright-
fully legal such a proceeding would be on the part
of a degenerate Parliament, but never Consti-
tutional. Widely divergent at times, however,
though our opinions, our convictions, our sentiments
may be—" wide as the poles asunder"—nay, differ-
ing though we may do, foto ado, upon one or two
vital matters of discussion—we cannot possibly, at
any time or under any circumstances, do otherwise
than respect the arguments put forth byMr.Warren,

a highly inspiriting sense of encouragement, at
another with the liveliest feelings of despair.
Educated according to Mr. Warren's system, tutored
ander the wonderfully elaborate directions here so
minutely and categorically defined, the Law Stu-
dent need have the eyes at once of a house-fly and
of an eagle. the frame of an athlete, the digestion
of an ostrich, the learning of a Scaliger, and the
accomplishments of a Crichton. He is told frankly
that, if he expects to make anything like a figure
in his profession, he must needs take within his view
(and that not superficially, but searchingly) the
whole range of human knowledge. Proficiency, to

him, is essential, in logic, rhetoric, and elocution, in

philology and classical literature, in chronology,
history, geography, and political philosophy. It
will be well for him, he is here told impres-

sively by his Mentor, if he has tried the vigour
of his intellectual pinions by soaring into the empy-
rean of the high mathematics. Political economy,
he must be master of ; ditto of medical jurispru.
cence. If he has a taste for anatomy, chemistry,

botany, mechanics, zoology, geology, and the science
of navigation, it will be so much the better for him,
as a wrestler for place and for advancement among
a crowd of gifted competitors. Mercantile and
agricultural knowledge, he must needs acquire
betimes, no leas than a certain intimacy with all
the atts and all the sciences. Adied to which,

in legal lore alone, he has to work his way (heaven'
knows how laboriously !) through a whole vast li-
brary of sombre law books, dating from old dead
and gone Bracton down to living authorities like
Broom, and Mayne, and Warren himself, and Philli-
more, The mere enumeration of these legal autho-
rities which the student, by the way, is required
to tackle, not to skim over lightly like one
of those charming naughty little primrose
livraisons of M. Charles Paul de Kock, but
thinkingly to conn, steadily to devour, and in-
wardly to digest—the mere enumeration of these
names seems as suggestive of despair, as to an intend•
ing reader at the British Museum might be the first
crossing the threshold of that noblest walhalla
of literature in the world, the circular library or
reading room down in Bloomsbury. Let not the
eager but momentarily discouraged student be so
discouraged. If Mr. Warren, in thus uncompromis-
ingly opening up before his gaze the long and
arduous path he is required to traverse, pitilessly
seems to suggest only visions of dismay—let the
student still follow out his Mentor's argument con-
fidingly, and he will soon discover that these same
pages have a heartening influence as well. It is
not only that in a wonderful little footnote at page
397 he will hear how Edmund Saunders, origi-
nally an errand boy in one of the Inns of Court,
rose at length,from that humble station, in life to be
an attorney, to be a barrister, to be one of the
most able and learned of practitioners, finally, to
be the Lord Chief Justice of England ! Neither is
it merely that the golden apples of the Hesperidean
garden of the law are here hung forth in tempting
array for the student's contemplation, not As aßhada-
manthian punishment before the lips of Tantalus, but
as fruits of toil to be culled by the more adventurous
—golden apples here displayed by Mr. Warren in bi°
appendix, singly an' in clusters, from great Blob-
dig nagian lumps of deliciousness like the £lO,OOO
year of the Lord Chancellor, the £B,OOO a year a
the Chief Justices, the £6,000 a year of the Master
of the Rolls, and so forth, down to such wretched
little wizzened russettings or crabs(sour grapes some,
perhaps, might whisper) like the four guinea per
annum salary of the Durham, or even the two
guinea per annum salary of the Wareham.
Reeordership ! Incentives, though the enume-
ration of these numerous, and many of them
costly, prizes which are to be won at the bar
of England, may be, doubtless are, to those con-
fident in their own powers, and seriously ambitious
of winning success—the heartening influence here
spoken of, as exercised over the energies of the
earnest law student, by Mr. Warren's bracing and
invigorating treatise, is rather to our mind discern-
able in the manly tone in which the whole book
itself is written, in the reverent spirit in
which it is conceived throughout, a spirit
so reverential of its kind that the last sentence
of the work closes quite naturally, quite unaffect-
edly, with a passage from Holy Writ. Mr. Warren,
in regard to this important Practical Intro-
duction to Law Studies and to Every Department
of the Legal Profession, has at length completed
his labours, and completed them most successfully.
Having, quite frankly, in our foregoing remarks
taken exception to whatever appeared to us in ail
way seriously to reqaire it, in a work so peculiarly'
comprehensive and various, we may now all the
more unhesitatingly offer to the learned author of
it, our congratulations upon the general excellence
of this his latest achievement. For, it is only fair to
Mr. Warren that we should speak of the book quite
plainly, as nothing less than an achievement. And
it comes to us fittingly enough from one who has
already earned for himself among his contempo-
raries a conspicuous position both in law and ill
literature.

THE KING OF PRUSSIA'S DETERMINATION.---
At the celebration of the anniversary of the foun-
dation of the Cathedral of Magdeburg, the: King of Prussia
made use of the following language, in aurAver to the ad‘
dress presented to him :—" I feel the overwhelming weight
of the struggle which God has imposed on us, but I also
know what I owe to my people and to the crown of Holler
zollern, which has been transmitted to me by inheritance
to maintain it courageously to the end. Come what null
I shall inflexibly persevere in what I consider to be re'
quisite for the good and for the inde?endence of the country",
I shall not turn aside from the path into which I have
entered, and if you continue faithful to the oath you. hal°
sworn, we shall be victorious in the end.'' According t°
the Magdeburg Gazette, these words made a profound irtv
pression, Prince Charles was the first to cry, " Long It)
the King I" which was responded to by those present wx
enthusiasm.
THE YELVERTON CAUSE, it is believed, will be
ready for the House of Lords in February, the case for tl°
respondent, the Hon. Mrs. Theresa Longworth or Y" here
being in an advanced state of preparation, and tae
appellant's having been lodged before the House of la°r-41
rose.
OF
SALES OF
ROYALO WORKS OF
ACADEMY.—In
nT FROM THE
examplesE I13:051,1
£5,056-111 1859, 98 items brought £1,600—in 1860 P ej
productions realised 47,435—in 1861, 126 sales obtaillciro
1.1,338—in 1862, 114 specimens procured for their auto
£5,806.
OFFICIAL VANDALISM, OR CRASS STUPIDI-
The Builder states that the Board of Works' wbWorks'he
applied to for permission to place a marble tablet oabreu
trout of the house in Maiden-lane, Covent- gard,,s,in 'Woe
Turner was born and lived, refused to grant it.or
the
applicants were artists who had subscribed inoneY likely"purpose. As artists had this work in hand, it is
11°t,,,0r0
to have been open to the criticism of the
on ac toßoardileafvet7be the
such ithetic grounds, nor is the design likely
such as would endanger the building or interfere w
suattee
circulation of air in the neighbourhood. Surely thisth
must be re-considered. The Board, while sanctioning
Waterworks and Napier statue in Trafalgar. square' u
hardly style itself an authority in art. der C(3ll'
DE QUINCEY wrote an essay on mur e
sidered as one of the Fine Arts; without a jok
u.reriloo.
Fighting may be considered as a Commercial Spec
.I,:ng.
There are two forthcoming fights which form th!,a'€,
topica o: intere3t in the spo
crthin
awg Ppilnetsrli,int,tehpereo6o2(' l for
Oae is for £lOO and the
£2,000.