The Sun.
London, England, 1839-03-14 00:00:00

AINT PAUL, COVENT-GARDEN.
Notice is hereby given, that the Committee of Manage-
ment of the Affairs of this Parish will meet in the Vestry-room,
on TUESDAY, the 19th day of March instant, at Six o'Clock in
the Evening, to receive PROPOSALS, and enter into a CON-
TRACT for the SUPPLYING of HORSES and CARTS,
and all necessary Labour and Materials, for WATERING
the STREETS of this Parish.
The Contractor will be required, at his own expense, to
execute a bond for the due performance of the work.
Printed proposals, to be filled up by the parties tendering,.
may be had at my Office at any time previous to the Meeting.
THOMAS MOSELEY, Clerk to the Committee.
13, Bedford-street, Covent-garden.
Dated this 13th day of March, 1839.
CONTRACT'S.—SPERMACETI OIL.
THE CORPORATION for PRESERV-
ING and IMPROVING the PORT of DUBLIN,
will receive PROPOSALS from Persons willing to supply
ONE HUNDRED and THIRTY TUNS of the best
SPERMACETI OIL, for the use of the Irish Light Houses,
to bo delivered at their Stores in Dublin, in well- coopered
Casks, net containing more than Fifty Gallons each ; the Price
to be stated per Imperial Gallon.
One gallon to be sent sealed, as a Sample, on making the
Proposal.
Sixty Tuns to be delivered before the Ist day of May ; the
remaining Seventy before the Ist day of June next.
Proposals addressed to the Secretary, Ballast Office, Dublin
will be received at or before Twelve o'clock on Thursday, the
28th day of March next, sealed and endorsed, " Proposal for
Oil."
Security will be required for the due performance of the
Contract, and the necessary stamp to be provided- by the
Contractor. By order,
H. VEREKER, Secretary.
Ballast Office, Dublin, Feb. 25, 1839.

The Delegates met to-day at the usual hour, at I3rosn's
Hotel. Tit re were present Mr. Villiers, M. P., Mr.
Evart, M. P., and Mr. Lushington, M. P.
J. 13. SMITH, Esq., in the Chair.
The C[IAIRMAN having remarked that the debate upon
the Corr.-la:vs had been adjourned last night, and would
probably occupy three nights,
Mr. STANSFIELD said there was one view of the foreign
trade of this country, which had been broached by the
advocates c:f the Corn-laws, so unjustly disparaging to that
trade, that lie wished to make a few observations respecting it.
He lied obtained a pamphlet entitled " A Free Trade es
sential to the welfare of Great Britain," by Mr. Clay, of
Rai.tock, in which it was clearly shown that the export
trade of this country was virtually all expo! t trade of tile
agricultural produce of the country—that the mer-
chants and manufacturers acted merely as agents
for the disposal of that produce.---( Hear, hear, hear.)
It would be found on examination that, of 50,000,000/.
annual exports, 30,000,000/. were spent in agri-
cultural produce. The foreign trade might be
divided into three classes, first, where the raw material,
wool, for instance, was the produce of the home market,
and labour, paid by food brought from the home market,
four-fifths being agricultural produce. This was the case
with the worsted trade, the long wool being the produce of
this country ; and the contest which he ( Mr. S. ), who
was engaged in that trade, had to wage, was between
the price of agricultural produce in this country
and abroad. And he could turn round to the
agriculturalists, and say, " if you continue to grow your pro-
duce on the worst soils, while the foreign grower produces
from the best soils, notwithstanding the benefits derived
from machinery, we cannot compete with the foreign manu-
facturer."—( Hear, hear.) The second class of the foreign
exportation was when the raw material—as cotton—was
imported, and the labour paid for with agricultural produce.
Then there was a third class, where both the raw material
and the support of labour—corn—was imported from fo-
reign countries; still the manufacturers were assisting the
agriculturists to bear their part of the tixation.
A DELVGATE said his uncle had written a pamphlet in
1816, when the Anti- Corn-law cause was much less popular
than it was now.

The CHAIRMAN said a letter had been received from
Worcester, stating that great ignorance prevailed on the
subject of the Corn-laws. The writer said "As I told
many of the farmers who attended the late county meet-
ing, I did not believe, taking them all on the hustings,
from the Earl of Coventry and Beauchamp, downwards,
there re as one person amongst them who understood the
subject."—(Hear and laughter.) The writer further ex-
pressed his hope that some one would undertake to en-
lighten them—an appeal which he (the Chairman) under-
took should be answered.—( Hear, hear. )
Mr. COBDEN said the Delegates had been subjected to
some misrepresentation as to . the terms on which they
appealed for justice. In the House of Lords last night
it was dwelt on with considerable exultation that the manu-
facturers, while they claimed protection fur themselves,
were selfishly endeavouring to deprive the landowners cf
their protection. Now it ought to be generally known
that one of the first acts of this Delegation on its assem-
bling in London, was to tress a resolution disclaming any
such protection. The resolution was as follows:--" That
this meeting, whilst it demands of the Legislature, as an
act of justice, the total and immediate repeal of all laws
imposing duties upon or restricting the importation of corn,
and other articles of subsistence, is prepared to resign all
claims to protection on home manufactures, and to carry
out to their fullest extent, both as affects agriculture and
manufacture, the true and peaceful principles of free trade,
removing all existing obstacles to the unrestricted inter-
chance of industry and capital among all nations." He
wished particularly to call the attention of the meeting
to the fundamental principles, because unless they ap-
peared before the House of Lords and the House of Com-
mons, and above all the public, with clean hands,
they would have vet y little chance of obtaining
that redress which they would obtain when the
just terms on which they appealed, were made known. It
was stated that they were merely a knot of Radicals, who,
whiie they made this avowal, were careful to preserve the
privileges which they now enjoyed. Now, it ought to be
generally known, that the protection, as it was called, is
really no protection at all. The goods, which were sent
abroad, were subjected to the competition of the whole
world, and as the prices at homo were regulated by the
prices abroad, it must be known that the manufacturers
here had no protection by any Act of the British Legislature.
With the view of bringing forward their opinions as clearly
as possible, and in order that justice might be done to their
motives by the Members of both Houses of Parliament, he
would beg leave to move that a copy of the resolution
should by sent to Lord Brougham, with a respectful re-
qilest that he would make it known to the House. If there
was any gentleman present whose constituents would not
cordially agree in the resolution, it would be most important
that he should state it. —( Cries of " Hear.") He was per-
fectly prepared to state that his constituents, the people
of Manchester, cordially agreed in it—he knew that Glas-
gow did so—that Dundee did ro, qnd that at those large
manufacturing towns special resolutions to that affect were
passed.
The lion. E. MURRAY said, in addition- to the towns
named by the Hon. Gentleman, ho had to say that the
people of Edinburgh, so far as they were concerned in
protection of any sort, were most willing to give it up,
and a resolution to that effect was unanimously passed.
The charges brought against the Delegates were made by
Gentlemen and Noble Lords who had paid no attention to
the resolutions which had been passed at all the large meetings
in manufacturing districts. For his part he had not seen
the report of any meeting on the subject at which the re-
solution mentioned by Mr. Cobden had not been agreed
to. He had had a letter that morning from a large manu-
facturer in Dunfermline, who said the manufacturers there
were willing to forego all protection on foreign linens ; he
took a very sound view of the matter, for he said the duty
upon imported linen put nothing into the Exchequer, and
so fur froni protecting the home manufacturers it was a mere
mockery—in fact, lie said, the duty was kept up so that the
Lairds should be able to ally that protection was afforded
to the manufacturers. He was afraid the resolution was
not well known in the agricultural districts, and it was
the duty of the Deputation to make it fully known.
A DELEGATE observed that the petition from the Chamber
of Commerce went directly to the point, and from his own
knowledge of the merchants and manufacturers of Man-
chester, ho knew that their general feeling was, that what
were called protecting duties, afforded no protection at ell.
Mr. JOHNSON, of Derby, seconded the proposition of Mr.
Cobden. He thought the subject one which ought to be
put prominently forward. Every manufacturer in Derby,
disclaimed asking for any protection for himself, that
he would not extend to others, but what was now called
protection wits no protection at all.
Mr. BOULTBLE was glad to beer the proposition of Mr.
Cobden. The difficulty they laboured under he had no he-
sitation in sa3ing arose from misrepresentation.
Mr. WALMSLEY seated that as tar as the Anti-Corn law
Committee of Liverpool were concerned, he had the sa-
tisfaction to say they fully approved of the resolution
passed by this Committee at their previous meeting, re-
lative to free trade generally, and he had pleasure in sup-
porting the proposed resolution-. He took that opportu-
nity of confirming the statements he bad the honour of
making at a previous meeting of the Delegates, relative to
the cost of transit of foreign corn to this country, and the
supposed quantities that would find their way to this country
for some years at certain prices, because these statements
has been doubted, and had been asserted to be incorrect at
several agricultural meetings. He had giver, them as the
r
practical results of his experience ttsa coren
upwards of twenty years, and was fully pamred to prove
their correctness at the bar of the Housep_rot C.ommons.—
( Hear, bear.) He had seen it stated tha, the cost of
wheat at Odessa was at one period 15 pebr quarter, and
from this it had been argued that it could e brought to
this country at. very low prices. Such, however, was not
a sound view. At the period named, Russia and Turkey
were at war, and tho Dardanelles were closed—( Cheers)
—and he had this morning received an account from one of
the first Russian houses, giving him the average price at
Odessa for the last nine years, which was upwards
of 255. per quarter; add to this expenses of freight and
charges to this country 18s. per quarter, and you have a
price of 435., and the quality
_of the wheat fully.lo3. per
quarter worse than English red. There were upwards of
500,000 quarters of wheat annually exported from the
Black Sea, by much the greater proportion of which was
consumed in the Mediterranean. Conse_quently, unless
at high rates little or no corn could find its way eith,r
or the Mediterranean to this country.
torn °dein
France had for years been an importings country ; see
average price for 201 years per quarter.
a could send little,
nneaedda , unless
n lt ehsi ss
unless at scarcity
%o'er e rCi ea
Spain and Portugal
es From
pr.c • either the United States;
prices than we had
which gave an
at much higher
country for the five years ending 1837
7d., we could not look for,
supplies. The
average of 483-
theatequantities thence
.would of
Baltic in fact was the only quarter 7ve could look to for a
and
constant suPPIY' the value in this
in all the lower
course be greatly regulated
country. It must be borne in mind, that.
dense 4
population, and that to in-
Baltic ports there was a
ts of grain materiacrease their exports lly, it must be at a
considerably enhanced pr.ice. a great proportion of' the
clown the Vistula,
Thely
teas
averageup w,
to 1,200 il ,at cost, including risk,
wheat shipped at Danterc wma_s.ebssnutght
a distance of 600
1819
of at least 10g. per quarter.
Dantzic fur 50 years
endingrdsproifeeeeast.
for 10 years ending 1831 was 333. 9d.,
per quarter,
and for the seven years ending 1838, 395.
Now
the cost of transit, upon the average of years, from
the north of Europe to this country, that is, in-
cluding freight, insurance, sundries, commissions, local
risk,
dues in this county, and uninsured would not be
less than ten shillings per quarter. And it must be
borne in mind also, that only a small proportion of the
equal in quality to
foreign wheat was nglish.—( Hear.)
He did not mean to say, or even to expect that in the
course of time, with the opportunity cif exchanging our
manual
productions for the agricultural produce of the
countries, and the wealth that s wouldforeign lie ougendored to
each nation, that the quantity of reign grown corn would
be greatly increased ; but it would be seen that this
country is already at very nearly her maximum
seal with a; rapidly. iincreas,iing populatien PP-
tereesle 6f 1,40 u IflY in our present
eeeteivi. We 111U2t'oititiA: retinve tee

N. of Europe I Os. Sd. per qr. Do. from South, 13s. I Id.
Mr. STI3KGE said the export trade of this country
received no protection from what was called a " pro-
tecting duty"—the price must be governed by the
price of the articles abroad.—( Hear, hear, hear.)
With regard to the statement of Mr. Walmsley,respecting
the expenses of importing corn, it bad been drawn up
with great care, I)) several experienced gentlemen ; and
he (Mr. Sturge) believed that it was considerably under
the average cost.
Mr. FLINT, of Leeds, thought it would be well to
explain the precise degree of protection which was
afforded to English manufactures by " protecting du-
ties"—that foreigners were prevented from selling their
commodities in our markets. But the manufacturers
of this country would be glad to give up that " protec-
tion," if the English corn-grower would give up the
duties on the importation of foreign corn.
The Resolution was agreed to.

Mr. G. RENNIE said h; had received a letter from his
agent in Scotland, stating that the grass lands bad de-
clined ten per cent., owing, doubtless, to the large pro-
portion of the labourers' wages expended in the purchase
of bread. He had made a comparative statement of two
farms—one in England,' the other in Poland. He
supposed the Polish farmer to enter into competition
with the English, and that they had farms of 500 acres
each, the English farmer paying IL per acre, and
the Polish farmer 2s. The rent of the English farm
would -be 5001., and the Polish farm 501. Deducting
200 acres for green crops, fallow, &c., there would be
300 acres left for corn, which at 3 qrs. per acre would.
produce 900 qrs. Assuming the price in England
to be 2/. 103. per quarter, this would produce 2,2501.
AO acres of turnips at 51. would produce 2501., and 50
acres of grass at IL 10i. would produce 751. The grass
produce would be 2,0751., after deducting the rent, and
leaving 100 acres for fallow. Now, supposing the freight,
insurance, &c., on Polish corn to be 10s. an acre, the
charge on 900 quarters would be 4501„ and this added to
the rent of 501. would make the Polish farmer pay 500/.,
while the English farmer paid no more. The 900 quarters
at 50s. par acre, would produce 2,2501., from which there
would have to be deducted 5001., leaving 1,7501. the
gross produce. The result would then stand thus;—
Gross produce of the English farmer £2,075
Do. do. Polish farmer 1,750

Leaving a balance in favour of the English
farmer of £325
By taking land of a higher quality, and doubling the
real, the advantages would be still greater. The competi-

tion with foreign countries would be limited in most cases
to the Baltic. We had nothing to fear from the Black
Sea, or the Mediterranean, or Spain, or France, or any
other country. The countries that would compete with
England, were Poland, Prussia, and the ports on the Elbe.
The quantity of land that could be brought into cultiva-
tion to compete with the English farmer was
very limited.—( Hear, hear.) The English farmer was
ala, med most unnecessarily, and be viewed with
regret an account of the proceedings which had lately
taken place at a meeting at Haddington. He was sorry
to find, in a county prominent for the skill and industry of
its farmers, that not a single agriculturist in the county had
the courage to say he would compete with the foreigner.
If the labours of the gentlemen present were directed to
disseminate through the country statements to convince
the ignorant agriculturists that their fears were quite un-
founded, they e:culd gain more advocates than they could
in any other way.
A GENTLEMAN, who said he was not a Delegate, wished
to make a few observations if he might be allowed. He
was an agriculturist, but though young in years he was a
very old Corn-law repealer.—( Applause.) But he had
always been sa, on the ground that corn could be im-
ported for 355. The statements put forth by
the deputation had shaken him in his opinion
—of course he not being either a ship-owner or a
merchant, had no data upon which to challenge the state-
ments made by. Mr. Walrnsley—ho was compelled, there-
fore to take it us a fact that a heat could not be im-
ported and sold for less than 48s. to 50s. He
had always supported the repeal of these laws, because he
thought it would be greatly to the advantage of the agricul-
tural population, both to the corn-grower and the land-
lord, if corn were to be sold at 355. a quarter, for then there
would be a scarcity of labourers, who would be drained
off to manufactures ; the farmer then would be under the ne-
cessity of putting his land under a green crop—he from the
want of labourers would be obliged to put it into pasture in
some way, and that he was sure would be beneficial to both
landlord and tenant. He could see no good reason why
Spain and the North of Africa should not become great corn
growing countries—of that probably he was not so well aware
as many then present. lie was bound to believe that wheat
could no' be brought in and sold for less than 48s. or 50s.
If that were so, he thought the farmers in this country
could, by improvements in the mode of farming, pro-
duce it to sell at the same price. By improvements
in the method of ploughing, by improvements in
the manner of sowing, he thought the English farmer

might be able to 'sell his wheat at 58s. with a good profit.
By dibbling the wheat one half of the seed was saved, and
a better crop ensured. It was important that these matters
should be set fairly before the public.
Mr. COBDEN was important that the public should
fairly understand that with the manufacturers that was
not a question of price--it was essentially a question
of exchange. They cared not what was the price.—
( Hear, hear ) It would not matter even if the price
rose permanently—all they wanted was that they should
have the privilege of exchanging their manufactures
of Sheffield, of Derby, of Manchester, of Nottingham,
&c., for that which other countries could alone give
for it. They caret% not for the price—money
was but counters pasaing between the countries. The
people of Manchester were anxious to lay before the Go-
vernment and the country the fact that we were heat out
of neutral mat kets by the manufacturers of Saxony and the
Swiss; and they wanted no more than that they have
the liberty of exchanging their goods for the produce of
Austria, Prussia, Russia, and 40 other countries.-4 Hear.)
As there was no motion before the Chair, he might be
allowed to congratulate the Delegates at seeing among
them, for the first time, ais Alderman of the City of London,
and one of the most influential of the Common Councilmen.
___.(lle.tr hear.) The people in tile country were very
anxious to see the people of the metropolis come for-
ward and take the lead in the agitation. London was
deeply interested in the question. She must lose her trade
by the means of the out-ports, the increase of bonded ware-

houses, railways, &c. ; and there was no reason wby she
should not become tho main granary of the world. "Per-
haps those gentlemen would inform them what was the
state of feeling in London on that important subject.
Mr. TAYI.Oft said that the sphere of action of the mem-
bers of the Municipal Body was perhaps a very limited
one, and they might not be sufficiently acquainted with the
feelings and views of the great body of the leading merchants.
Even among the members of the Common Council opinions
wet e divided, but there was a very general feeling in favour
of a gradual repeal, and for himself, and his friend oppo-
site, as well as fer a great part of the Common Council,
he could state that their views coincided with those of the
Delegation, and that they advocated an immediate and
entire repeal.—(Hear, hear, hear.) Ile thought that
those who were for a gradual repeat would have entertained
differeat opinions, had they not laboured under the misap-
prehension that had been adverted to by the lion. Dele-
gate item Birmingham (Mr. Sturge), vie. that there were
efficient and valid protective cletiee tan manufactures. If it
were well understood that those protections were merely
net-nit:al, fled entirely delusive, a great chine might
be created in the public mind.-(Hear; hear, hear.) He
was extremely glad to find it wee the opinion of the Dele-
gates assembled that it would be better to get rid of all
thoac duties that were falsely called protective, sad which
were maintained principally by thet interest with whom
they had to contend, the landowners, as a pretext for
continuing the Coen-laws, so destructive to all other In-
vereete. The great portion of the inhabitants of the City
were in favour of an immediate and total repeal, and he
conceived the Delegation then assembled were taking the
best means of briegieg every one to the same opinion.
—( Hear, hear, and cheers.) They would be happy
to do all they could to ferward the objects of
the Delegates.—(Hear, bear.) A vote had been come to
by the Common Council, for a sum towards defraying
the expenses of employing counsel, if the Hoeg) of Com-
mons had agreed to bear evidence. They would be happy
to know- if that money could ha made applicable in any
other way.—( Ilear, hear.)
The CHAIRMAN said they had incurred greet expense,
which would be defrayed by subsoriptions from various
charm, Is, and they would be most happy to receive the aid
of the Corporation of londen.
Mr. Setteile observed that the Delegates would set more
valve up en the circumstance of the Corporation having
agreed to such a vote than they would on the money itself.
Mr. TAYLOR hoped that all the Corporate bodies, and
especially the new parporatione, would act in the same
Wee, hear.)
The Delegates then Atl4ottettedt

A letter from Alexandria, dated the 14th ult.,
announce t 4 return of Mellen-J:A Ali. Ibrahim Pa6l4
had been Eumatozled to repair tuTueet 3is father. Rumours
of war were in every mouth.