The Sun.
London, England, 1863-02-06 00:00:00

THE KINGDOM OF ITALY.

A letter from Genoa, dated Feb. 1, says ;--4‘ De-
cidedly the habit lately indulged in by the French
and Italian Parliaments of talking at each other,
might lead to serious complications were it not that
Italian resentment must needs be smothered by a
feeling of the great debt under which the events of
1859 placed them, and also by the consciousness of
their embarrassed and helpless situation. The
Address of the French Senate could not have been
couched in a language more studiously calculated
to wound Italian feelings and injure Italian inte-
rests. If France only said that, as a Catholic
Power, she actually and absolutely engages to
secure and perpetuate the temporal power of the
Pope at Rome, and if she insisted, with the knife
at her neighbour's throat, that Italy must fall in
with her views and accept ber terms, no doubt she
would carry ber point, and she would only be guilty
of inconsistency with her previous conduct, and of
wanton, unprovoked violence. But in her cold,
plausible, half doctrinaire, half sarcastic spirit,
France chooses to sneer at those she opposes in their
most natural and legitimate aspirations. The Ad-
dress affirms that Turin Rome is no longer
spoken of,' and the Minister, M. Billault, observes
that the non possumus which hampered France at
Rome now meets her at Turin.' Surely neither the
Minister nor the framer of. the Address earnestly
meant what they said. Not only has the subject
of Rome been dropped at Turin, but the attempt of
the Deputy Cairoli to start a discussion on the sub-
ject the ot'ier day was met with impatient cries for
the order of the day: The Italians, however, think
of Rome the more the less they talk of it; and if the
Farini Cabinet wisely declined to make any propc-
sals, or to carry on unprofitable negotiation on the
subject, it was precisely because they knew that
nothing would be more embarrassing for France
than to make the next step; it was precisely this
embarrassment which soured the men at the head of
the French Government, and called forth those out-
bursts of French insolence which the long-suffering
behaviour of Italy had certainly not deserved. It is
impossible to say on what ground the French rest
their charge that the non p(2.9BUMUS of the Italians
baffles their endeavours to solve the Roman ques-
tion. The Italians have proclaimed Rome as their
capital ; but they have not gole one step further
towards gaining possession of it. The Pope and
his French protectors could well afford to ignore
the resolution of the Turin Parliament. So far as

taly is concerned, there is nothing to prevent Pius

IX. coming to a satisfactory arrangement with his
subjects, nothing to prevent the French per-
suading or compelling His Holiness to do
so. The quarrel lies not between the Pope
and the Italians, but between the Pope and the
Romans, and the non possumus which so nettles and
plagues French statesmen arises from the fact that
they, in violation of all principles of _non-interven-
tion, tread upon the neck of a people—of a portion
of that people whom they three years ago called
upon to be men and freemen. The religious feeling
of France may entitle her to mete out with different
measures the fate of the Romans and that of the
Mexicans. The French may, if they choose,
strengthen themselves at Rome and abide there to all
eternity. But why they should lash themselves into
a fury to have a pretext to quarrel with the Italians,
who are, after all, only guilty of silence, of an ob-
servant, expectant policy, is more than any man in
this country has power to conceive. After all, the
only act by which Italy may have incurred the dis-
pleasure of France was the Parliamentary vote by
which two years ago Rome was chosen as the seat
of government. One could understand France it,
sword in hand, she would venture to bid the Itslll.o
representatives to rescind that vote ; but there
seems, indeed, to be .ittle sense in quarrelling with
them simply because they paused after that first
declaration, and are now doing nothing to reveal en
intention on their part to act up to it. They are
cluing nothing, be it understood, partly because
there is at present nothing that they can do, and
because their inaction is precisely that conduct
which can best puzzle and nonplus French states'
men and drive them to those fits of powerless ill-
temper of which they give even now such a pitiful
exhibition.
According to an interesting recent semi-official

publication, the Italian available navy at the
present day only consists of two iron-plated cor-
vettes of 40 guns; of a ship of the line of the third
class an of 64 guns; of seven frigates of the first
class, 342 guns; of one frigate, second class, 36
guns ; and three corvettes, 52 guns ;—altogether 14
vessels, with 534 guns—not reckoning, of course, the
sailing vessels nor even the paddle-wheel steamers'
The author thinks that neither England nor France
ever exceeded, in the Mediterranean, a force equive
lent to 14 ships of the line and as many great screw
frigates of the present time, or altogether a fleet of 29
vessels, armed with about 1,100 guns. He contends
that Italy, in the only sea which she may call bet
own, ought to muster a force at least not inferior le
either of the two great Powers. Italy, according
the author of this pamphlet, spends for her navi'
74,000,000 f. yearly. The French expenditure f°f,
the same service does not exceed 143,000,0001;
The Italian navy costs more than half that '9'
the French, and, in its present condition, boast:
hardly as much as one-third of its strength. O.
want of great reforms both in the present organiol
tion and in the whole administration of the nay;
quarters ; and 10
is understood deportment is
thatsorely
Government fl tin
will first promote e
Parliamentary inquiry on the subject, then peope,sl
the foundation of a permanent maritime coal;
somewhat on the footing of the English 13°51.
of Admiralty.

Mr. Ferrand and Admiral Grey are both puratiillg
their canvass at Devonport with the greatest activity. 0
The trial of 'times Hagan, for murder, has be, a 1
potponed until the next sessions of the Central COI—
Court.
r Jeci
Galate, one of the three foreign sailors cha oty
with the murder of Michael Clinton, has been found
of manslaughter, and sentenced to 18 months' i"'01-
went. The other two were acquitted. tad
The Judge of the Divoice Court has grail of
decree nisi in the petition of the Countess V. the 'Pa-
Lirarbk. beeo dis'
important evidence, it is said, ha° Acton.
c,wurcii ril:Jive to the murder of th,, policeman 0. '__ the
It will be brought forward on the next exam
re-
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