The Sun.
London, England, 1863-12-17 00:00:00

Naval and Military Intelligence,

THE NAVY.
A trial of armour plates took place at Portsmouth, on
Monday, at the practice range in Porchester-creek, the
plates being affixed to the side of the target ship with 2in.
through bolts, and the shot (cast iron) being fired against

there from a 68 pounder gun on the deck of the Foam gun-

boat, at 200 yards distance. The plates were supplied by
the firms of Messrs. Beale, Parkgate Works, Yorkshire; the
Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company; the Mersey
Ironworks, Liverpool; and Messrs. J. Brown and Co.,Atlas
Works, Sheffield. They were of various thicknesses. The
plate sent in by Messrs. Beale was rolled but " surface
planed" (according to the established and most objectionable
regulations of the Admiralty) from 4/ to 4 hin., the skin of

- - _
the plate being thus destroyed and its fibrous strength seri-
ously damaged. Notwithstanding that the plate was thus
injured as much as was possible, from a mechanical point of
view, it emerged from its trial in a very creditable manner.
The Mersey plate was of hammered manufacture and of a
uniform thickness of 51in. It was severely pounded by
clusters of shot at the extremities, and OR its left end the
plate exhibited several large cracks apparently caused by
the defective state of that part of the ship's side which
formed its backing. The Thames plate was also hammered
and was from 3a to 3ain. in thickness of metal. Being of
hammered manufacture it possessed, like all other ham-
mered and tapered plates, the advantage over Messrs.
Beale's tapered plate that its thickness was worked down
under the hammer, its skin and fibre being thus left intact
in all their rough strength, and not partially destroyed by
the application of the planing tool, as must necessarily be
the case with all tapered rolled plates under their present
conditions of manufacture. As armour plates are generally
made in 151 t. lengths, it is obvious that no necessity what-
evtr exists for this planing of rolled plates, and tapering of
the thickness of a ship's arm, ur from, say 6in. at the fore
chains to 3m. at the hawse pipes. The same result might
be attained by bolting on plates of gradually decreasing
thickness, but each uniform throughout its length, and un-
touched by the planing tool. In fact, this principle would
be, as explained some considerable time since to the Admi-

ralty by one of the most eminent and trusted of our armour
plate manufacturers, a planing of the plate's backing in lieu
of the plate. The explanation, however, appears not to have
been acted upon. The Thames Company's plate stood the
impact of the 68 pounder admirably, considering its thick-
ness and the absurdity of testing a 31 inch plate with the
same gun, weight of shot, and powder that were used in the
test of the 51 inch plate. As, however, these trials are car-
ried on merely to enable the Admiralty to classify and thus
obtain a knowledge of the exact quality of the plate's metal
and manufacture, the use of one description of gun may,
possibly, not seriously affect the results, when the trials are
conducted under duly experienced officers. It must be evi-
dent, however, that, without the exercise of great discre-
tion, judgment, and experience, there is a chance of consi-

derablo confusion and perhaps discrepancies in the official
reports prepared of such trials. The fourth plate under trial,
sent in by Messrs. J. Brown and Co., of the Atlas Works,
Sheffield, was of rolled make, and of a uniform thickness of
4 inches. The foregoing remarks therefore apply to its trial
by the 88 pounder in a certain ratio, according to the diffe-
rence between its thickness and that of the now established
standard bib% plate. This 41in. plate, however, withstood
the shot sent against it in a most extraordinary manner, and
fully maintained the high reputation of the firm and the
gradual and certain progress they continue to make even
on their acknowledged uniform excellence of both material
and manufacture. When Whalley Island is fully prepared
and entered upon as the Portsmouth armour plate and
target testing ground, in the room of the present sys-
tem of target ships, it will then be worthy of the con-
sideration of the Admiralty, whether it would not be an
advantage if all armour plates after that time were tested
without any backing. The object in firing at armour plates
at all is merely to ascertain the quality of the metal and
manufacture, and these objects would be obtained with far
greater certainty if the back as well as the front of the plate
was open to inspection on the day of trial, and before Capt.
Key's report is forwarded to the Admiralty. There have

been many plates of which the outer surface on the day of
trial has presented such an appearance that a report has been
forwarded to the Admiralty, accompanied by a figure of
merit which they certainly would never have received had it
been possible first to inspect the inner side—that is, the side
of the plate next the wood backing, and this has been espe-
cially the case with some of the rolled plates from their im-
perfect welding. The target-ship has been brought down
the harbour to the dockyard and placed in dock, for the pur-
pose of removing from under her quarters and landing the
two armour lilates which some three months since were
coated with copper by the "Walenn electro-alkaline process.
A report of the condition of the plates will now be prepared
by the dockyard officials, and forwarded to the Admiralty
for their information. This important electro-metallurgical
experiment was entertained and carried out by the Admi-
ralty in the fullest and most liberal sense, both as regards
the inventor and the application of his prirciple. No posi-
tive verdict can, perhaps, be given of the results until the
plates have actually been taken off the ship's bottom and
examined, but serious fears are entertained that the prin-
ciple of the invention has utterly failed in the test of its sub-
mersion in salt water owing to an error in the calculations
of the parson who conducted the operations.
The Warrior target, recently experimented upon at Shoe-
buryness, has, by direction of the authorities at the Admi-
ralty, been removed to Sheerness dockyard, preparatory to
its being taken to pieces by the mechanics employed at i
that establishment. Since its arrival the target has under-
gone a minute survey at the hands of the leading officials
of the yard, in order to ascertain if any and what portions
gave evidence of weakness. The workmanship and material
are, however, found to be, as nearly as possible, perfect,
while no defective portion of the target can be detected. Its
battered condition, then, is entirely the consequence of
the heavy concussions to which it was subjected from the
w
GOO pounder Armstrong shots, which, it is almost needless
to remark, no target yet constructed, or ever likely to be
built, will ever effectually resist. One of the 41 inch iron-
plates has a hole cut right through it, as if it had been
drilled. This shot passed completely through the wood
backing, tearing away enormous pieces of teak and oak, and
at the same time starting one of the massive timber sup-
ports. Another shot appears to have struck on the edge of
one of the other plates, in which it has caused a severe
fracture, the bolts which held the plate being drawn by the
force of the concussion sonic ten or a dozen inches. The
target weighs about 18 or 20 tons, and it is stated to have
cost £1,500.
The iron-plated frigate Caledonia, which, according to
orders previously given by the Admiralty, was to have
boon fitted at Chatham, has been placed under the mast-
-4),r-shears at Sheerness dockyard, and her iron masts fitted
on board. The riggers are getting well on with her wire
standing rigging, the line-of-battle ships Goliath and Irre-
sistible being both ready to be taken in hand. The arma-
ment for the Caledonia is now being prepared for that
vebeei at Chatham. She •a ill meant 35 guns, eight of which
consist of the 110 pounder naval Armstrongs, and the re-
mainder of the ordinary 68 pounders, Every portion of the
broadsides of the Caledonia being armour-plated) there are

no scuttles in the officers' cabins, which are completely
dark. Ventilation is provided for by a system of tubes
which communicate direct from each cabin to the upper
deck, while the main and lower decks are ventilated by
means of the hollow iron masts. Every exertion is being
made to get the Caledonia ready for sea, in order that she
may join the Channel squadron.
Instructions were received yesterday at Portsmouth dock-
yard to strike off the names of the following vessels from
the list of those ordered to be built in the yard :—The
Kent, screw, wooden line-of-battle ship, the Briton, Baron'
Imogene, Crown, and Bucephalus, wooden screw frigates;
also the Protector, Danube, and Bramble, wooden screw
gunboats. These vessels have, of course, only existed on
paper deposited in the master shipwright's office, but their
construction had been decided upon and provided for, and
the sent order is therefore a notable illustration of the pre-
sent transitionary state of the British navy.
The Adventure, screw troopship, Commander Curme,
was yesterday placed in No. 10 dock at Portsmouth.
The general court martial being held at the Royal Marine
barracks, Forton, near Portsmouth, for the trial of Captain
W. Cosser, paymaster of the division, continued to receive
evidence yesterday for the prosecution. At 4 p.m. the Court
adjourned until noon to-day, the case for the prosecution
having closed.
By direction of the Lords of the Admiralty a number of
Royal Marines, the whole of whom are mechanics, skilled
in come trade, have been selected from the Chatham divi-
sion for service at Port Albany, Cape York. The non-
commissioned officers and men chosen for this 'service have
been tested at the dockyard by the officials, in order to as-
certain their fitness for the duties on which it is intended
they shall be.employed.
The examination of the junior officers at Chatham dock-
yard who are candidates for promotion commenced yester •
day, and will terminate this afternoon.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS

POST.—Additional information has served to dis-
sipate first impressions respecting the Federal suc-
cesses in Tennessee. That Bragg was worsted, and
compelled to retreat, is true, but it appears equally
true that the victors were in no position to pursue
_ _

the vanquished. The Confederate army has taken
up its position somewhere in the vicinity of Dalton
and, under the leadership of Hardee, who has
superseded Bragg, is reported to be making prepa-
rations to resume the offensive. This, however, is
far from probable. Though Grant may not be in a

position to push the campaign into Georgia, he is
to all appearances able to hold Tennessee against
any forces the Confederate Government can des-
patch against him from the South. It has been a
singular but universal characteristic of the many
engagements which have taken place between the
respective armies of the two Federations that vic-
tories have never been followed up or turned to any
practical account. The defeats of M.Clellan on the
Cbickahorainy, and of Pope at Bull Run were
utterly unproductive to the victors, and when after
the battles of Antietam and Gettysburg, the Con-
federates were obliged to retreat, neither M'Clel-
lan in the one instance, nor Meade in the other, was
enabled to follow up the blows which they boasted
to have inflicted on the Southern arms. In like

manner, in'Tennessee, Bragg, either through inca-
pacity or inability, failed to improve the advan-
tages he secured at the battle of Chickamauga
Creek, and now again, when defeated in turn by
General Grant, the latter has, from either of the

same causes been precluded from reaping any other
fruits of his victory than the mere dislodgment of
the Confederate army from a position which, if its
leader had exercised an ordinary amount of discre-
tion, he would have previously voluntarily evacu-
ated. At Knoxville the siege still continues. Gene-

;a Longstreet is said to be reinforced by Bu;hiOcl
n:1
Johnson with two divisions. On the 29th of
a -1

November the Confederates attempted to carry the
defences by:assault, but were repulsed with loss.
According to one report the siege is said to have
been raised, and Longstreet to be in fall retreat
into Virginia. This report, however, needs con-
firmation. It is now admitted in Washington that
the recent operations of Meade have ended in failure;
and it is even stated that that general has been
superseded by Sedgwies. In the engagement which
took place on Nov. 27, near Culpepper, the Confe-
derates inflicted considerable damage upon their
opponents, and necessitated the retreat of the Fede-
ral army
across the Rapidan. One Confederate divi-
sion is represented as having. driven French's corps
several wiles, and in the retreat which followed the
eogagement the Federate were obliged to abandon
many of their ammunition waggons end horses.
Meade's casualties are officially estimated at about
one thousand men. It is stated that it is the inten-
tion of the Federal general to retire into winter
quarters in the neighbourhood of Washington ; hut,
whether or not, it seems that for some time to come
offensive operations will be abandoned. It is cer-
tainly very singular that the fortune of war should
so constantly shift from one side to the other. One
day is all clouds and the succeeding one sunshine.
The defeat of Bragg and the advance of Meade
augured badly for the Southern cause, and to many
it appeared that the fall of Richmond was at hand.
Bnt Grant's victory has led to nothing, and Meade's
advance has been converted into an ignominious
retreat. The Confederates are undoubtedly in
straitened circumstances; but their position at the
close of the third year of the war is infinitely supe-
rior to that in which at the beginning of the war
their most ardent supporters at this side of the At-
lantic anticipated they would be placed, as against
all the boasted successes of the North they ere still
able to set off the indisputable fact that they main-
tain their seat of Government within one hundred
and fifty miles of the Federal capital.
HERALD.—Although the resolution of the Ger-
man Diet to proceed with the Federal execution
previously determined upon brings back the Schles-
wig- Holstein dispute for a time to its old propor-
tions, and may prevent an immediate disturbance
of the peace of Europe, the probability of a gene-
ral war is in no degree lessened, and the position
of Denmark instead of being improved is seriously
damaged. To the King of Denmark occupation
in direct violation of the Treaty of London would
he far less dangerous than execution under
cover of the Federal law. If the German Diet,
supported by the two German Powers, had frankly
declared that it intended to violate the treaty and
adjudge the Duchies of Holstein, Schleswig, and
Lauenburg to the Prince of Augustenbarg, or what-
ever pretender might make stronger a claim, the
other Great Powers of Europe would have been
compelled, for very shame, to lend Denmark their
assistance and prevent the consummation of a rob-
bery which, in its flagrant impudence, would be an
insult to them and a nullification of all the treaties
by which the political relations of Europe are re-
gulated. That interposition would have brought
Germany to its senses, saved Denmark, and secured
peace. The execution, however, although it is
avowedly designed to effect objects which are not
within the competence of the Diet, but have an in-
ternational character—although in proceeding with
it the Diet has expressly maintained its right to
alter the succession established by the London
treaty—is treated by these Powers as an excuse for
evading their responsibilities, and for avoiding a
decisive policy. Denmark is coaxed and bullied
into offering no resistance to this measure, and if she
yields, es she probebly will do, it is only to place
herself in a worse position for meeting the further
aggression which will be made upon her. The exe-
cution will serve the purposes of the disloyal portion
of the Holsteiners just as well as occupation. The
authority of King Christian will be just as much
overthrown as if the German troops entered
avowedly to take possession for Prince Frederick.
From the moment the Danes cross the Eider, and
all authority in the Duchies is exercised by the com-
missioners of a body which professes ite desire, if i
can, to put the pretender on the throne, the inhabi-
tantsfavourable to the Danish rule w
chance of making themselves heard. The hfavireends
nt ;
of the pretender will exercise the Government Will
they will organise troops on his behalf ;
theywill
drive the partisans of Denmark from v
of influence ; the Holstein refugees elleflry position
will back,
and with them will go all theafdvreenvteulruetrisenw as
who gather about a possible
scene
eastieshhso,utilide
vultures over a carcass ; so th at
the
withdraw its troops in consequencef of ce p
o nc
duchy will be left by it in a condition which will compel
the Danes to conquer it again.
reason to expect that the Federal But there is every
army of execution
will be transformed into an army cf occupation and
conquest.
The Government
_of Austria and Pcjit:s;neiaa:i
wo fear, would gladly violate the treaty ia tl,es
u ld. The feeling--not amongst
cpoeeple generally, for that, by the confession of th,
most vehement advocates et war, is very (La, and
needs to be constantly stimulated, but aluougst the
classes who have got possession of Political power
—in favour of war is very strong. The Prussian
House of Deputies, for iustance, is about to address
the Kiug, appealing to him to make war, and it
refuses the means which his Ministers ask, except
at the price of a withdrawal from the Treaty of
L9nden, t ant_ite._ive assistd.neeth
the p etender—the
first instance, perhaps, in history in which a consti-
tutional assembly has made its own dishonour and
the shame of the nation the condition upon which
it grants its subsidies. It is hardly probable that

the King of Prussia, honest man as he is at heart,
can resist a movement whida promises to secure
him all the objects for which he has been contend-
ing against the Cnaruber for the last three years,
especially as the military party is for this once on
the same side with its Liberal antagonists. Whether
his Majesty will like the indiscreet reference to
Olmutz in the address—a reference all the more in-
judicious that Germany, in pursuing this project of
aggrandisement, needs union more than ever—may
be questioned; but it will be hard for him to r_sist
the pressure. and the pretexts will be too easy to
one of
find. The frontier of Holstein and Schleswig is
pared everything
nee deternained. The G;:rtnans claim as port of
Holstein positions which the Danes cannot possibly
surrender, because they form part of their line of
defence in Schleswig. War may easily break out
here, and if it should not, the partisans of Prince
Frederick will contrive to get up some other difficul-
ties which twill lead to it. And how disidvantage-
°anusceNvill b
th e
south f o r
of
war
Schleswig, unmolested;
The
h
ehtehrenricthheesptospirtoiovninoefeDs
.enhme awrikufhoarvreespiraetz
of • The enemy will have been in the enjoyment
aired.
have been able to establish relations with the
disaffected in
on the contrary, will have been wearied by the
necessity of continual
be dispirited, and perhaps preparation ; the people will
disaffected, by the con-
cessions of the Government the enthusiasm which
e he
Danes,w iwill
now animates them will have disappeared. Their
opportunity of inflicting upon the commerce
passed
ilblehaivmep
Tahye; their pecuniary
Great Powers are so anxious to avertw warillwhich the
break Oat
at a time when the nation they are boundt
port is hardly capable of resistance, and the° sGuir
mans are intoxicated by the apparent dread of -
other Powers to interfere with them. Then
al the
and bloody war will break out, in which all Europeo7g
°ref sGonerrerner will be
will by degrees become involved. France and En 4
land cannot permit Denmark to be made the vassal
of Germany. Long as they may put it off they
must interfere at last, and compel Germany to
abandon her unjust pretensions. But terrible in.
deed will be the reaction for Germany from the
fever which now possesses it. No nation in Europe
hes so much to suffer by war; no nation has so
lightly, so unjustly, provoked war. Let the Sove-
reigns look to it. If a French army again spreads
over Germany there will be another bouleversement
of thrones. Let the people look to it, for if they be
willing to get rid of their Princes the cost they will
have to pay is enormous. But warning is lost on
Germany at this moment, and only sad experience
can teach her her folly and her crime. Earl Rus-
sell might have prevented this war, might have
saved Denmark, Germany, and Europe. He has
contributed more than any other man to bring it
on. His recent advocacy of the German contention,
in direct contradiction to all his previous declara-
tions, encouraged the German Diet to decree exe-
cution. His policy now encourages Germany to
proceed to the execution of her aggressive designs.
Had he recognised boldly the duty of England—
had he declared distinctly to Germany that Eng-
land, having acknowledged the rights of King
Christian, would maintain them at all hazards—the
title of King Christian would long since have been
recognised by Austria and Prussia and by many of
the smaller states. Instead of this he has extorted
from King Christian concessions which, useless to
prevent execution and war, discontent his people,
and imperil his throne. Whatever the evi's which
may fall upon Denmark and Europe the
respon-
sibility will rest on his head, for he mi •
ght have
averted it.

The Shannon and the Chesapeake.
(From Yonge's History of the British Aavy.)

No ships more nearly Equal to one another could
have been found in the navies of the two countries.
What advantage existed on either side was in favour
of the Chesapeake. Her broadside weighed fifty-
two pounds more than the English ship ; her ton-
nage exceeded that of her antagonist by nearly
seventy tons ; her crew was the more numerous by
a hundred and ten men ; a superiority of no small

importance in a conflict eventually decided by
bo,,rding. Capt. Lawrence did not decline the
challenge. In the afternoon of the Ist o June the
Chesapeake was seen coming out of the harbour
and the whole populace of Boston had assembled en
the frier to witness the combat, and to greet their
countryman on his triumphant return. Capt. Broke
at once brought his ship into a favourable position,
and then hove to to receive his assailant. At half-
p ,st five the Chesapeake reached him. Neither ship
had fired a gun till she came within hail; but then,
as she hauled up on the starboard side of the British
frigate, both ships,, steering full under their top-
sails, at the same moment opened their fire. Not
more than two or three broadsides had been ex-
changed, when the superior training of the British
gunners began to show itself. The damage they
had inflicted on the Chesapeake was already seen in
its results. She was no longer steered with the
necessary accuracy, bat fell on board the Shannon,
her mizen-channels locking in with the main rigging
of our ship. Capt. Broke went forward to ascertain
her position and condition, and observing that many
of her crew were deserting their guns, gave the word
to prepare to beard. It was eagerly received. As
the boarders swarmed up, the Shannon's boatswain,
Mr. Stevens, a veteran who had fought in Rodney's
great victory at Port Royal, lashed the two ships
together, disregarding the sword-cuts which the
Americans showered upon him while thus engaged,
and which cost him an arm ; and, in a moment,
Capt. Broke himself led his men on to the enemy's
deck, The ammunition of the Chesapeake, like
that of all the other American frigates, had been
curiously made up of novel missiles, such as long
bars linked together to cut the shrouds of any
antagonist ; and with a view to this particular con-
flict, in which they expected the British sailors to
board them, they had had recourse to a contrivance
which we ourselves had practised, though in a
somewhat different manner, in the time of Henry
the Third, but which had probably never since
been used on board a ship. They had prepared a
quantity of unslaked lime to cast in the eyes of
their assailants ; but they had worse luck with this
device than we had had on the former occasion ;
for a shot from the Shannon had struck the cask
which contained it, and had scattered its contents
'I over its owners. So that, when the Shannon's
1 boarders reached their deck, the Americans found
themselves deprived of one resource on w lc t ey
had reckoned, and hid nothing to rely upon but
their own strength and courage•
rible struggle ensued. A brief bat ter
Broke himself was despe.
rately wounded by a sword-cut on the head, and
a still more dangerous blow from the stock of a
musket. His clerk fell dead by his side ; his
purser,
too, who, fired with the same enthusiasm ;,hat
take
animated his shipmates, had volunteered to
the command of a party, was slain by a musket-
shot. In less than five minutes fifty of our men
fell; but the loss of the Americans was farwith greater.
The Chesapeake's maintop was filled
but a gallant young midshipman riflemen,
W. Smith, with a small party, stormed their post
and drove them down ; and then the Shannon's
first lieutenant, Mr. Watt, hauled down the Stars
and Stripes, and hoisted
the
its place. It was the last British Union Jack in
act of the gallant officer ;
he had already bee
while thus engagedil severely wounded, and
head,
it is believed by he fell shot through t
i the
ewhere
had
da gun from his own obi;
the men whopo't aware
been left behindd weredorne
that the Conflicta of the
was over. I
American bold still
crow, who had fled down the ,
kept up a fire up the hatchways, till Captain Broke,
.
Whoremained on deck
, in spite of his wounds, still rem .
directing the operations, ordered some of hisd men
to fire down below, on which they surrender° ,and
rinutes front the
the Chesapn A
ke was ours in 15
,
had been
very of the eonteAt. Her loss
attested the gallantry of the
very heavy, and fully .
Captain B 1- '
eminent skill of ro s•e. b
crew, and the pre-
emdlurin and before the action,
both
arrangements,
regkilled, her captain, her
Seventy of her men we • . •
master, and
1 two lieutenants being included in the
►
hundred were wounded. The hulls of
bothnual ships were severely damaged ; the Chesapeake,
in spite of the superior thickness of he:. timbers,
being in this respect also the greater sufferer ; but
so entirely had both crews agreed in keeping their
fire low, that the rigging was almost untoucht d,
and, according to Captiliq Broke's report, ' hr,=l,

y

h ARNHEIM, Dec. 12.—A
71, a British subj-ct
as excited great sensation throe raga,ew.hic A
has just been heard by the cchriirajg'",:nlitint
the province of Guelderland. Theiicarialechee.:Bl George
hiel.
court o£
,
Hornidge, alias Henry Charles Somerset Lee, aged
was charged wit.':' having
maliciously
and
wittut •1y murdered chbour,
his nei
Captain Van
Dongen Feanclen of the Nethec lands
army. From the evidenceit " . •
appeared that the 1:ri•
soner, who had been I
had fought, in 1824, aindueflii officer in the British arn*",
steteton, county of wici:., in the parish of Wes-
W,l.hece, and had killed ::.1° w' with . one WilVana
carnsta Rees wiliei
himincinceasantogonist under eit -
De rietz, eeveral years he led a eo tog.flY his
"art"-
life, and at Les-7,
settiedia thequiet to wn ot Arrhev-irL
in the tovele-reg i,try
48
Hoary
0,41.rni entering hime al f
.a.e.r,es Somerset Lee.
Here he lived quietly for many'
ing, seldom vieiret! by his co.0.11)1)4:S, seldom visit-
door neighbeur, Captein Van Dunge.His next
Francke, had
at first been on terms of Mendlines • -
s w ‘th him; but
owing to a misunderstanding arising, ir. a
dgreciat
measure from idle gossipings, a sort of ce'..t• and-dog
feeling:had gradually arisen between them. .1-i'n-rac-trog
-e
and his wife were, it would seem, aware of e`be ir-
ritable temperament of their neighbour, and i. Axed
their inventive faculties in finding out means of an-
noying him. This effort was not unretaliated ,by
Hornidge. When the one wanted to take his nap tile
other would knock at the partition wall, or work at
a pump, so as to shake the very house in which he
lived. When people study to be disagreeable there
is no limit to the means they can employ, and these
two neighbours seem to have availed themselves of
every opportunity to annoy end exasperate each.
ot.`eer. At length, on the 20th of,last July, Francke, it
seems; irritated at the abuse Hornidge had lavished
upon h. 31 a short time before, disturbed his neigh-
bour in sock). a way as made his blood boil wit h.
fury. Arteing himself with deadly weapons, he
went into his getteden, and, forcing his way into that
0 f his neighbour, whom he found near the pump,
ho inflicted upon bin; such severe wounds as in
a short time after caused his death. The prisoner
Pleaded in extenuation of lis crime that his passion
bad overpowered him—that he had been so exas-
perated by the petty annoyances ififlicted oil him,
more
especially
by the wife ofthe d (1
mar ere man,
that he had lost all control over himself, Twain:y-7
two witnesses were heard for the prosecation, ant!
three for the defence. In a speech of three hours
the Advocate General detailel the past history of
the accused, and worked
inte-
resting narrative the circumstances " into a painfully
the murder. At the conclusion of his speech, which
which preceded.
is said to have been one of th
efforts of forensic eloquence eve:most magnifieent
heard in a Dutch
court of justice, he demanded that the court should
pass upon the prisoner sentence of death, and futher
inflict on him the—of course formal—;tine of 50
guilders. The counsel for the defence leaded
mitigation of the charge that the crime')
had
h .in
committed in a fit of exasperation, and that 'eeill
tice would be satisfied by a verdict of manslavighjtuesr-
The court has deferred sentence till 18th Deemnber:
Throughout the trial the court was crowded ;
while the aged prisoner seemed bowed down with a.
grief which won for him the commiseration even
of those who felt most strongly the condemnatory
character of the evidence elicited by the prosecu-
tion. The opinion generally entertained iv that the
evidence is not of a character that will permit the
court to be influenced by the counsel for the defence,
and that sentence of death will accordingly' be re-
corded. The King, however, almost invariably
remits the extreme sentence into imprisortme nt for
life. A few years ago, too, an aged Dutch , ',Meer
was convicted of poisoning his mistress, bu t his
sentence was remitted into a life-long imprisonff.vnt,
and therefore it is not probable that a petition to
his Majesty in this case will he made in vain.

Mr. Cobbett, LI,P , at lloyton.

On Monday evening Mr. Cobbett, M.P., was enter,
at a dinner at Royston. Mr. John Bentley, the cha,irman
of the Board of Guardians, preside]. In replying to the
toast of his health, Mr. Cobbett said that during the last
session they had passed 10 arts of Parliament, and ha
feared that they had done too much ; for when a Parlia
ment passed so many acts, which were so many a Jtera-
lions in the law, the chances were that what had been
done had not been done very carefully. It was said i hat
the session had bean charaeterisad by a great deal of
extravagance, and he pleaded more guilty to that the U
to any other charge. There had been a vast deal of ex-
penditure ; but when they recollected the excited condi-
tion of Europe, America, and ether parts of the world,
and that England had a great deal of communication with
other countries, foreign politics must enter into the con-
sideration of an English Parliament. Neither he nor his
hearers could calculate the cost of certain sorts of fortifica-
tions and of shipbuilding. Experiments were going on.
from day to day in tonseqnence of alleged discoveries in
the mode of preparing instruments of war. Unlace they
tested these discoveries they could not determine the proper
description of fortification or weapon to repel the ass,aults
the so
that might be made upon them. When, therefore, he. saw
a proposal for reducing a vote brought before the
house, he put it to himself whether he was likely to
whether
know the cost of what was required better than
who had brought the matter forward. He listened to that
arguments of those who knew all about the subject, nad
voted accordingly; and he put it to his hearers
it was not well in a great many cases to be guidedn by ther
Government who introduced these measures.
alluding to the
that the great commotion in the world wouldsay
Whaet hraiopgehcit
dtohbee pfreeapreadrinedat,hrkaettaa
that it had b
not involve
this country in war, although no one emit
arise, rvi seer,v
state of trade in Lancashire, he re
andgie
gloomy
ita:ays
ebaert,tae
and
revival of trade
eerr
was distant. They must do anything
workpeople suffer any great privation. b rather than let their
their affairs remarkably well, and 11. They had managed
traordinary storm in a manner had Weathered this ex-
ultimately they would get thro Which convinced him that
can war that had plunged them ugh it. It was the Ameri-
his feelings were in favour into distress, but althuugh
thought that the Gov rof the Confederate States, he
fixing the time for Government had the responsibility of
respect to the abolition the Confederacy. TVII2
emanicipate the goo ion of slavery, he contended that to)
cruel thing which 0,000 slaves at once would be the most
Could be done to them. The emancipa-
tion proclamationedly a war
measure
issued by President Lincoln was avow-
they took the:astir° ; and his opinion was. that, if
slaves from their 0020'16. the owners
ought to b e
conpensated as was the case withthe West
India planters. He next referred to the recent speeches of
NIL Cobden affd Mr. Bright, at Rochdale, and contended
that the
causes of the depreciation of the agricultural
labourer were the increased cost of living compared with
past times, and the transfer of the domesti
oc
th manufactur
towns a ndes
from the cottages of agricultural districts tic
great factories.
:l

;aine'

Horniman's Tea Is choice and strong, moderate
in price, and wholesome to
nce. use. These advantages have
secured for this Tea a general p It s
ackets by 2,280 Agents.
THE ORIGIN OF FOOLSCAP.—When Charles
found his revanucs short, he granted certain privi-
leges, amounting to monopolies; and among these was the
manufacture of paper, the exclusive right of which was sold
to certain parties, who grew rich, and enriched the Govern-
went, at the expense of those who were obliged to use paper.
At this time all English paper bore in water-marks thO
royal arms. The Parliament, under Cromwell, made jests
papooevrolet,er
nr
ei em ovreyd
substituted.ofrf
oCra,hr ahtrehl
seees ,pwi
at
op
rewer saa
nlosraod et
remove
eebemd t h t
of this law in every conceivable manner ; and, amonc, other
tbphbeeeParliament was prorogued ; but
tewtinhhallePdeeisrgnaionZnytiedhatioelebfarsnetltmhulosellis Parliament's journals still bears the name of.
foolscap.—John Timbs in Once a Week.

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