The Sun.
London, England, 1830-07-27 00:00:00

SPIRIT OP TUI PUBLIC JOURNALS.

Though Ministers prudently abstain from wasting
their strength on places where tke suffrage is widely
diffused, they are by no means idle at the present
moment. In Scotland, candidates are relieved from
the necessity of canting; they take it for granted
that a Minister is, us a matter of course, entitled to
the support of a Scotch Member, whatever be, his
measures. Thus Mr. M'Leod, in addressing the
freeholders of the county of Inverness, admits that
the claims of Mr. Charles Grant to the suppoit of
the freeholders are so superior to his own, in eveey
other respect than his being a Ministerial man,
" That under ordinary circumstance, (he says) I.should
have considered it most respectful to you to have with-
drawn my pretensions on the present occasion; but I than
fail in my duty to you, to myself, aid, shove all, to thu
Administration of the Duke of Wellington, if I did not
' afford you an opportunity of expressing your opinion soon
the events which have subsequently occurred. It is no
longer a struggle of private interest; you are now called
on to prove that you feel that confidence in his Majesty's
Government with which !believe that you are impressed."
This is plain language. Mr. M'Leod reminds us
of the Scotch Member, who very naively obseried,
" During the many years I have been in Parliament,
the speeches I have heard have often altered my
conviction, but they have never altered my vote."—
In this pert of the island men take occasionally a
good deal of' pains to appear more independent of
Ministers than they actually are. But in Scotland
the great point with a Member is to convince the
freeholders that he is thoroughly dependent—that
he has the regard of Ministers ; and accordingly,
Mr. M'Leotl, to satisfy the freeholders that in voting
for him they will not vote for one who can obtain
nothing for them, takes care to have totnething like
a testimonial from the Duke of Wellington.—
Though he could have franked his addresi, being at
the time a Member for an English borough, he had
them 'circulated in covers, franked " Peel."—
We understand the non. Gentleman's usual fines.
Lion to a voter is, " What do you want ? I can get
it for you .at once." WS brings polities within a
very narrow compass. Ministerial responsibility
means distribution of public money. to thick and
thin voters. Mr. M`Leod is said to pledge his
Grace very freely to the Inverness freeholderts,•—
So much for the friends of Ministers in the North !
Morning Chronicle.
Jefferson, in one of his letters, observes, that—
" To prrserve the independence of the people we must
not let our rulers load us with perpetual debt. We Must
make our election between economy and liberty, or profu-
sion and servitude. If we run into such debts as that we
must be taxed in our meat and in our drink, in our recces-
series and our comfort*, is our labours and our amuse-
ment*, for our callings and our trestle, as the people of
England ate, our people, like them, must come to labour
sixteen hours in the twenty-four, give the earnings of
fifteen of these to the Government for their detits and daily
expellees, and the sixteenth being insufficient to afford us
bread, we must live as they now do, en oatmeal and po-
tatoes ; have no time to think—no Means of calling the
managers to account ; but be ;{lad to obtain subsistence
by hiring ourselves to rivet their chains on the necks of
our fellow sufferers. Our landholders, ton, like theirs,
tetiiuing, indeed, the tiOr and stewardship of estates crelril
theirs, but hell really in trust fir the Treasury, intrst
wander like theirs, in foreign countries, and be contented
with penury, obscurity, exile, and the glory of the nation.
This example reads to us the salutary lessen, that private
fortunes are destroyed by public as well as by private ex-
travagance. And this is the tendency of all human go-
vernments."
But this is only one side of the question. To
preserve our independence, we must not, he says,
let our rulers load us with' perpsitind debt. In this
country, we owe the present dawning of independ-
ence to the magnitude of our debt. If the debt
were removed to-morrow, we should run the same
career of extravagance, we should have Ministers
lavishing the resources of the nation on their
friends, and venal Members vieing with each
other in bareness and subsoil iency. When
there is nothing farther to be taken from the
people, there is a check to corruption. Some
Constitutions display their excellence in pre•
venting improper expenditure; the good qnstlitieS
of other Constitutions first appear when all is already
expended. 'the British Constitution appears to
most advantage when the people are labouring
teen hours a day, on meal and water, and the land-
lords are forced to hide their heeds in exile.—
Morning CAroniCle.
It may not be generally known, that Sir James
Scarlett piqued himself in right of his office, as the
King's first Law Adviser, on carrying, its the just
closed Session, the Administration of Justice Hill,
which, as it left the Lower Douse, was altogether
his handywork. Sir Robert Peel was disposed to
indulge the Learned Geetleman's vanity ; but the
Dignitaries in the Upper House did not plove
equally complaisant ; end the Bill was sent back In

he Commons, at the last hour, with amenihneute
so numerous that, as Lard Durham described Omni,
scarcely a single line of the original draught re.
mained' without change. Under these circumstances,
Sir James Scarlett had no alternatiVe, but either to
abandon the measure for the present, or to
stultify* himself, by adopting the oonoxious
amendments. He chose the latter, and accorti.
ingly moved that they should be consented to ;
adding, in his usual they
vein, u deelaia.
tion, that he would have the Bill act to rights in
the next Parliament ; though with. what 1461111fallete
we know not, of having then accorded to him a
more imperative sway in the resolvesof Govern-
ment than at the present period.' In this stage of
the business, however, ryas exhibited the extraordi-
nary spectacle of a direct collision between the two
great Law Officers of the Crown—the Solicitor-
General avowing himself of Counsel for the amend.
mews to which the Attorney-General was opposed.
There are persons who, regarding this symptom of
Sir James Scarleit's exclusion front the concilii*
secretioribus of Ministers, predict his early retire.
ntent from office ; but they are mistaken. lie has
long since cat off for himself all retreat ; he has no
friends to fall back upon, and has nothing. now for
it but to put up with such treatment us he may re-
eels%) from the powers Oust be ; nor is there any
servant of the Isihninittration regarded by thr
young 'Whig Nobles and !ceders with feelings of
more disdainful aversion than the once burly Legu-
leius of the Opposition Beaches. Such situation
is, no doubt, to a man of his temper, suffie;ently
galling; but Lord Rosalyn has not been comfortuble,
nor will the Duke's last accession, Lord Juicy, los
at ease, nor any man who rosy be in like manner de•
tached from his ancient coansetiona, wiles% a eaniii-
lerable modileation ;of the Government shall take
place. Of this, beginning with the Admiralty, Ili 'mous
are abroad, which we deem deserviug of credit'; and
with all the merits of the Doke of Wellington,
which none have been more ready to sickliowledo
than ourselves, it must not be forgotten that ',,e 11,)
longer possesses that security fos the porKeottney of
his rule, which in the past reign be 'leaved kom
the indisposition of, the King to trotiole himself with
the guidance of the State machine, the Duke of
Wellington, George INT. found a Minister the most
to his mind: because he most completely relieved
t
William IV4 is a Mines whose activity of mind will
im
m
not permit him to fall into this state of inertness-
-4:1
brti:vsoi
ins likelyetolitephtrotectsalieort ittko ttp:lo;slthoiCettioel
icotioelflrsel dlTl°o":civtitelloirefol tarnhttl4.elli;rct;c:nuttaibildvii4di
ins
Buckingham, in ctrheuenrakic:doe't,narnletziofrol ton AI!.
should Any valise of dissatisfaction be, afforded to
We publish, in
f Iris
projected enterprise. To the ihnsteirtion of thatt
it
rsiteoootdcitlaaini, independentl of the given
hitn
ltfstir
atilh.
ioffotlrirenelrrerteirinflaarkwolifit:rm°a;vy tniueitpl; 06,f1 from)iY sit:aceersliouristeh.c. high patronage wider which he l tai
Ira
Octl of justice,l alitlodwleuviterm,nwdeert alsketglln. lit o
t dboeittitg/iLihi.'s
pledging (wrack*, to the commune of all
the views,. 44 the practicability of all illedetelhe
contained m the prospeetos to which his-
ludes. In an undertaking of 014 kind it rat ~ a east

that every thing must ultimately depend upon the
personal character of the projector,—upon his pru-
dence, discretion, and temper in managing his asso-
ciates,—upon his, disinterested activity and zeal. in
fulfilling those engagements towards his sub-
scribers to which he is hound only by a feeling
of uty or a sense of honour,—upon the suffi-
ciency of the resources at first placed at his dispo-
sal,—upon his exemption from accidents till he
arrives at the proper scene of his operations,—and
upon the continuance of his life and health till he
reaps the fruits of his labours. When the subscrip-
tions are all paid up,—when the good ship Discovery
has got their amount on board in the shape of
articles of oink, specimens of the productions of
manufacturing err, alphabets, and implements of
husbandry, models of machinery, and incentives to
morality—the seeds of useful vegetables and of use-
ful knowledge; and when, with this cargo of trade,
civilization, and instruction, she sails from the
Thames for the eastern world, it is quite plain that
those at whose expence she was fitted out have no
power of controlling or directing her movements.
The boasted harbinger of civilization and dispenser
of useful arts may be converted into a mere coasting
trader, for collecting, in the name of humanity, and
under the flag of science—not the treasures of nau-
tical discovery, but—the fins of sordid commercial
speculation. The character of Mr. Bucici ngham may be
a sufficient guarantee against this abuse of the well-
intended liberality of his patrons : but according to
the plan before us, we see no other security but his
honour for the application of their funds to the ob-
jects which they contemplated. When the Govern-
ment or an association employs an individual or an
agent to accomplish certain objects, they can lay
down fixed rules, and enforce their execution. In
Mr. Buckingham's case the subscribers make a free-
will offering of their money, and only look for a book
describing its disposal, on his return home with or
without his ship. But to this absolute power over
the resources of the enterprise we make no objec-
tion, as intertneddling interference might be more
injurious than unlimited confidence. The sums sub-
soribed by individuals occasion them no sacrifice--
the objects for which they vent their liberality are
unequivocally good ; and if they succeed but par-
tially, they will be more than repaid in the gratifica-
tion of the best sympathies of their nature. But
are there any other objections to the scheme ; and
if so, has it any advantages to counterbalance them ?
We have always thought that the distribution of
seeds and implements, which has hitherto been
made partially and scantily by discovery-expeditions,
ought to have been considered a primary object,
and to have been systematically attended to. The
ship cent on such voyages should have been freighted
with models, tools, utensils, instruments of hus-
bandry, the seeds of useful plants, and every thing
that could benefit rude tribes, and excite among
them a desire of improvement or a taste for art.
In so far as Mr. Buckingham makes this the object
of his enterprise, we are ready to view his scheme
with favour. The suggestion is not original, but
systematic attention to it has never before been
practically proposed. We therefore with pleasure
extract the following account of the objects of his
plan :
" The objests that I pledge myself to keep constantly in
view, during the whole of this expedition, and the benefits
I may hope to effect by it, of a public and general nature,
will be the following :

" 1. To add to the existing stock of knowledge every
new feet that care he collected respecting the geography
and hydrography of the coasts and islands visited ; and to
make the most ample researches that eau he effected re-
specting the statistics, productions, manners, wants, &c.,
of every particular place; as well as to collect specimens
of whatever may be found to deserve preservation, in na-
tural history, botany, mineralogy, &c. ; as well as of the
artificial products and native wares, where any such exist.

_ .
" 2. To introduce into all the porta visited, specimens
in entail quantities but in infinite variety, of all the various
descriptions of go:As manufactured in England, whether
le woollen., silk*, or cottons, in metals, glass, or earthen-
ware, so as to ascertain, by actual experiment, what par-
ticular description of goods are suited to particular markets,
and what are the quantities, patterns, textural, prices, and
other peculiarities beet adapted to each ; for the want of
which knowledge, ail the evils of overtrading have
happened.
" 8. To add to this distribution of the specimens of
English manufactures, the introduction of the useful arts
of rivilised life, in the shape of models, drawings, and de-
eeriptions of all the various implements, utensils, and con-
venteneles, of agriculture, husbandry, end domestic com-
fort in use among ourselves ; as well as seeds, plants, and
materials of improvement of every kind; and to lay the
foundation for the establishment el schools of instruction,
for increasing, imrpetuating, and diffusing useful know-
ledge is every branch."

The groat objection to which his It:kerne, in our
opinion, is exposed, consists in the union of trading
speculation with these higher aims of the expedition.
It might be impossible to obtain funds sufficient to
defray all its expellees without engaging in traffic
with the tribes whom it may visit ; but is not traffic,
if profitable, likely to become the chief object with
our scientific adventurer' ? May it not lead to
mieusiderstandings with the natives whom we pre-
tend to serve, mid may not hard bargains and un-
favourable exchantos create in their minds an im-
preesion•that civilization is only another name for
commercial knavery ? this case the projected
expedition, instead of promoting civilization, and ex-
tending commercial intercourse, would be the
greatest enemy to both, Why is Japan hermeti-
cally sealed against the admission of strangers ? The
Dutch and first European traders to that kingdom
could assign reasons for their exclusion, which we
hope will not be repeated under the auspices of
Mr. Buekingbam's
Considering the influence which the Press has
( whether justly or riot we will not stop to inquire)
on public affairs, we always regret when we see that
Influence unjustly, unnecessarily, or mistakenly used.
Such we think is this case with that part of it
which is endeavouring to foment aft angry feeling
between this country and France on the subject of
the capture of Algiers. We confess we see nothing
in that event but a circumstance of unmixed re-
joicing to the whole civilized world; and, instead
of generating jealousy and ill will on the part of
other Powers, we should unhesitatingly say that it is
en event which, both in its undertaking and result,
Halls fir the gratitude both of nations and huh-
viduale. It was evidently undertaken with no
views of mere aggrandisement; nor do we see at
best what. Mighty personal and exclusive object its
possession to France can accomplish; while, on the
other hand, the demolition of it power which has so
long been a public nuisance on the common high-
way or nation, must be deemed a benefit of which all
must without doubt partake. Ilut the truth, we
believe, is, that those who give out an authori-
tatively that the exploit has become u source of con-
tention between the two Govertustents have no
stroundu whatever for so saying. And this, we
is clear, even upon their own allowing; for
the very same paper, which states the disagree-
ment as a fact, contains the distinct. and con-
tradictory avowal (equally unfounded, perhaps),
since the announcement of the conquest, no
diplomatic intercourse between the Governments
hits taken place. Arid it must be a " mighty pretty
sort of quarrel," of which both the supposed com-
batants are unconscious. We repeat that the Press
is ill employed when thus employed. Peace should
be the object of all Governments, and that engine
which sn owerfully influences public opinion should
strenuously maintain the same object. The French
Government hat accomplished a noble and praise-
worthy object, and has cut out for itself work
en"ugbe and difficulty and embarrassment enough,
without those who are to be so much benefitted by,
the result attempting to enhance either the one or
the other. We hive yet to deurn stet of pirates can he " clearing
the
one, or what worse use the
conquest to (even were tisey so inclined)
turn their
injury to any
nuisance w the
removal of the evil and the
arms have eradicated. Away then with the_lptatriyr
ideas which would perpetuate national aniernOsZa
where no ground for them can possibly exist.
We were justly proud of Lord Exmouth's attack

upon Algiers as a public benefit, and we ought to be
still more satisfied with that of Marshal Bourmont,
as being, as in fact it is, ten times more effectual.—
Morning Herald.
'We agree with a contemporary in the indignation
which be expresses at the introduction of the new
police among the company at Vauxhall Gardens,
but which said gardens, we regret to be obliged to
admit, have of late years become remarkable for
scenes and for company, but little calculated to en-
hance their attraction among decent, moral, or orderly
people. But, if these gem d'armerie are to be in-
troduced into one place of amusement, we shall soon
have them at every one—in the pit of our theatres,
regulating the plaudits or disapprobation of the au-
dience; and, in time, at the backs of our chairs at a
tavern, passing judgment on the toasts, and perhaps
controlling the conversation. If Vauxhall Gardens
require the attendance of peace officers, which, we
fear, is but too truly the case, the managers should
have special constables sworn in for the occasion,
who should be stationed within call, yet kept out of
sight; but even the disorderly part of the commu-
nity is not to he dragooned into what such persons
may deem good behaviour by a paid force of the
Government, whether it be by a corporal's guard in
red, or Cot. Rowan's troop in blue. And this leads
us to ask who is it that pays for the attendance (we
mean the regular attendance) of the police at such
places ? Not the public, it is to be hoped, and
if not the public, how can, with any propriety,
a force paid by them for public services be allowed
to dedicate its time to, and be remunerated by, pri-
vate concerns ? We thought it had been made a
matter of boast, with regard to the new police, that
its duties were performed by the smallest possible
number of men; but the ciroumatance we are allud-
ing to proves one of these two things,—either that
the force is more numerous than is required for the
public service, or that that service must be neglected
if a part of it, as in this case, can be spared for pri-
vate duties. It is the principle of the thing, how-
ever, that we object to; and if the proprietors of
Vauxhall Gardens are governed in their office of
catering for the public amusement by the well-known
axiom, that

They who live to please, must please to live,
we would strongly caution them against continuing
this inroad upon public feeling, which, though it
may at first be more objectionable in appearance
than in reality, will be deemed so objectionable, we
have no doubt, if persisted in, as to clear the gar-
dens of the better part of the company, soon leav-
ing the police, and those who require its surveil-
lance, the only actors on the scene.—Morn. Herald.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

FRENCH PAPERS.
(From the Messager des Chambres of Saturday.
SECOND EDITION.

PARIS, JULY 24, AT NOON.—It was reported yes-
terday that a telegraphic despatch had announced
the arrival of M. de Bourmont at Toulon, and that
he would be at Paris on Saturday.
It was added that M. de Bourmont had offered to
retire after presenting two projects of law extremely
favourable, it is said, to the army and to the Legion
of Honour.
It is affirmed that Baron de Berthezene, the senior
Lieutenant-General in the army in Africa, not ex-
cepting M. de Bourmont, will be appointed to the
command of the 2d division of the Royal Guard,
vacant by the promotion of Count Bourmont to the
rank of Marshal of France, and for which the Duke
d'Escars had been mentioned, who has been Lieu-
tenant-General only since the 10th of December,
1823. It is said also, that Baron Valaze, promoted
to the rank of Major-General of Artillery, and to
that of Commandant of the Legion of Honour on
the 10th of August, 1813, will receive the Grand
Cross of that order ; and that M. Berard de Goute-
frey, commanding the 21st regiment of infantry of
the line, and who has had the rank of Colonel since
the 23d of May, 1821, will be made Major-General.
It is said that the Minister of Finance has ordered
Ferrand to go to Toulon, with eeveral clerks, to
receive the gold which the Intendant-General of the
army in Africa sends to the Government.

We are informed that large magazines of wheat,
and a great quantity of hides, have been found at
Algiers, being part of the contributions in kind paid
to the Dey.

The Chevalier Arland, who has long been Chief
Secretary to the Legation at Rome, where he has
acquired an honourable reputation by the manner in
which he received and assisted with his advice
French travellers and artists, has just been ap-
pointed his Majesty's Commissioner for the final de-
termination of the boundaries of Greece.

A Journal says, "It is affirmed that the King,
taking into consideration the honourable mediocrity
of the fortune of Admiral Duperre, has resolved to
endow the new Peerage with 400,000 francs, to be
taken from his Majesty's Civil List."
Eighteen cases, containing vases of great value,
have arrived at Havre, on board the French ship
Guillaume, Captain hold, from St. Petersburgh.
These cases, accompanied by four Russians, who are
to unpack them at Paris, are intended as presents
freni the Emperor of Russia to the King of France.
Colonel George Fitzclarence landed at Calais on
Sunday last. The Colonel was on his way to Paris
with despatches. Nothing has yet transpired re-
specting his arrival in this capital.
Algiers presents a very wretched appearance; the
streets are narrow and dirty, and the town is both
disagiceable and unhealthy, The artillery in less
than four hours demolished the batteries of the ce-
lebrated fort of the Emperor, which commands the
town, and where the best cannon and most skilful
gunners had been placed. The Dey, the troops,
and indeed the whole population, were excessively
surprised at the capture of the town, the Turks
having placed such complete confidence in their for-
tifications, which had been the means of resisting
the most formidable expeditions, both by sea and
land. Their confiding ignorance, indeed, was such,
that when the crisis came, they were completely
bewildered, and they were utterly at a loss as to
what was the best to be done. The Dey had not
even taken the precaution to hide his valuables,
which he might have done without much difficulty.
The value of the specie found has not been exactly
aseertamed, but it is said to amount to 00,000,000.
Not a single person in the whole army has yet
undressed himself since the day of the landing, and
the soldiers have undergone very considerable fa-
tigue. I have had an opportunity of seeing the
Dey. lie is a man of mean aspect, without the
least dignity, and he has not even that martial air
which is supposed to be a characteristic of every
Turk. Indeed, his person altogether is by no means
calculated to inspire the least respect. A liberal
provision Is to be made for him, and he will pro-
bably end his days in Italy, where he will probably
live in greater tranquillity than among the Algerines.
We have by no means been living on beds 'of roses
and laurel during the campaign, and the heat has
been horrible. An idea may be formed of what we
have suffered during some of our marches, from the
fact, that six men in our brigade dropped down dead
from thirst. The air is literally inflamed, and our
feet were burned in spite of our thick shoes.
In addition to this, we were almost smothered
with vermin. The environs of Algiers, how-
ever, are certainly very beautiful, but their agreeable
aspect compensates but badly for the other inconve-
nienees and privations which we have endured. The
interior of the Casauba actually realizes the fairy
descriptions in the Arabian Nights' Entertainment:.
It is filled with precious objects ; and it has a most
rich and gorgeous appearance. We find that the
treasure of the Regency is more considerable than
we had at first hoped : it is now estimated at is
hundred millions. Seals have been placed upon all
the property. A great many 1 urks, immediate at-
tendants on the Dey, have voluntarily quitted Al-
giers; the rest were disarmed, end are to be ern••
barked for Smyrna. The armed Bedouins have also
taken their departure.
From all that I can judge, the people of Algiers
do not appear to be at all distrustful, and it is pro-
bable that they will soon be on very good terms with
our soldiers. Most of the Turks seem to be ugly
enough; and as to the women, they are actually
hideous. It is true, however, that hitherto we have
seen nothing bat miserable half naked negresset. In
the 20 days 2,407 men were disabled; out of this
number 600 are dead, and we hope to save from
1,000 to 1,200 of the rest. It is said that General
Bourmont will return to France immediately.