The Sun.
London, England, 1839-08-12 00:00:00

ANTI-CORN-LAW LEAGUE.

From No. 9 of the Anti• Corn-law Circular, pub-
lished this week, we learn that the standard of repeal
has been fairly unfurled in Scotland, and that multi-
tudes of its intelligent and determined people are rally-
ing round it. In Glasgow an extensive Anti-Corn-law
Association has long existed, which we believe owes
much to our friend Mr. Weir, late editor of the Glas-
gow- Argus. Now that he has left that city we trust
that his quondam fellow-townsmen will cherish the noble
spirit of enthusiasm in this righteous cause of which he
set so brilliant an example. In Edinburgh an associa-
tion, embracing manyof the leading names of the city, has
just been formed ; and in Aberdeen, Dundee, and other
important towns of Scotland, similar organization with
a view to co-operation with the " League," is rapidly
going on. The present alarming state of things, arising
from the scanty harvest of 1838, and the fear of a simi-
lar calamity in the current year, is forcing open the
eyes of the public to the enormous evils inflicted on the
community by the foolish and iniquitous corn laws.
Not only among the lower classes, but upwards through
every grade of society, the question is assuming an ex-
tensively practical character, and men, from being mere
speculators and talkers on the subject, are beginning to
feel and to act. The press teems with forcible reason-
ings and impassioned denunciations against the Bread
Tax. In almost every discussion in regard to the con-
dition of the people, both in and out of Parliament,
whether education, police, poor-laws, or factory-laws,
we find the important bearings of the corn-laws taken
into account ; and every thing indicates an advance of
public opinion on the subject which must act powerfully
on the Legislature in the next simultaneous national effort
for the destruction of the odious monopoly. Along with
these symptoms there is an ominous silence on the
part of the monopolists, from which their consciousness
of the indefensibility of their cause is fairly to be infer-
red. For these important results we are deeply indebted
to the Anti-Corn-law League, which, by means of its
lecturers and its valuable circular, has been of in-
calculable service in diffusing information and concen-
trating public attention upon the subject. The present
number of the Circular contains " A Voice from Scot-

_
;and," which is a continuation of an article that ap-
peared in the last number, and the object is, by selec-
tions from the evidence given before the Parliamentary
committee of 1836, on agricu!tural distress, to show
the comparatively healthy and prosperous condition of
the landed and farming interests in Scotland, which bus
resulted from their improved system of management in
that country. The writer argues from the evidence
adduced, that where the landlords and farmers of Eng-

land taon
dpiul
at
vtheir
es h, otuhledye r sin ti
gohtthsoeonwhreeleile v
ea sa
it hpoasretof
s
from their perplexities by rendering the Corn-laws a
dead letter, through the diminished price which would
result from the increased amount of production. The
number contains a second brief article in vindication of
the course adopted by the League, in demanding total
and immediate repeal in preference to any compromise ;
also a Corn-law Hymn, by Ebenezer Elliot, with original
music, notices of the lecturers, and several short articles
which we need not enumerate, one of which we have
quoted in our last page.--illatichester Times.

THE POLICE OF MANCHESTER.—Lord John
Russell has introduced a bill, similar to the one in pro-
gress for Birmingham, to take the management of the
fgolrythe Tories re-
police force of Manchester out of the hands of the corpo-
ration and of the police commissioners, and pulnafcaevoiutr,abtillel
the dispute between these two bodies be settled in the
courts, in the hands of government. We are at present
certainlyraiptnpeaglyatccti
ailesende
np
orri
enta
st
cebai
evialegallyetvi
situationiocnd o
bfyt
ch
tee)
hl xlpeececeateeceodedr oration, and the
The plain and
straightforward remedy would have beer, to have passed a
short declaratory act that the new corporation should
have the same power of rating as the old. But this mode
of proceeding is unpalatable to Sir Robert Peel and the
Tories in both houses ; and Lord John, in obedience to
their dictation, has recourse to a temporary bill which wia
give to the present government a poorer over our police,
and will lead the way to the establishmen`, by his Tory st s
cessor, Sir Robert, of his much-loved system of centrali-
sation.
A BLIND Jeßoll.—ln the course of an inquest
held before Mr. Waklcy, on Friday, on the names of the
Jury being called over it was discovered that one of them
was totally blind, and when Mr. Bell, the Coroner's clerk,
remonstrated with Tiffin, the summoning officer of the dis
trict, for making such a selection, the latter replied tint
the coroner had ordered him to pay no respect to persons ;
but summon the rate-payers indiscriminately. In accord-
ance with that order he had summoned the gentleman in
question, without reference to his being blind, and added
he, " I see no reason why a blind roan should not be ena-
bled to hear evidence as well as his brother jurors who
have their eyesight." The Coroner said the logic of the
beadle was very good, so far as it went, but he should
recollect that the oath of a juror expressed, in language
not to be misunderstood, "of whose body you shall have
the view." The summoning officer immediately had his
eyes opened by this quotation, and another juror was in-
stalled in the place of the blind one.

PROTEST AGAINST LORD
BROUGHAM'S RESOLUTIONS.

Ist—Because the two last resolutions contain ab-
stract propositions relating to the principles on which a
poWer, vested by the Constitution in the Crown,
should hereafter be exercised. And, although it be
the, undoubted privilege of the hereditary advisers of
the Crown humbly to suggest to the Throne the excl.-
'else of such Royal.
j prerogative in special cases, where
according to their judgment such exercise is necessary
or expedient, as well as on the other hand to offer their
advice against any exercise thereof which appears to
them hazardous or injurious to the public interests, yet
we are not aware that it has been usual, or can be con-
stitutional, or becoming in this House, spontaneously
and unnecessarily to lay down certain abstract rules for
the guidance of the Crown in the use of powers which
are placed by the Constitution at its discretion, and
the proper exercise of which may depend upon circum-
stances which it is impossible for us to foresee.
Such proceedings must have a tendency to fetter the
prerogative and limit the discretion which the law has
intrusted to the Prince and his responsible Ministers,
and the impropriety of such a course appears more
manifest, inasmuch as it is calculated to give counte-
nance to a suspicion that the Lords of Parliament, not
contented with the high functions assigned to them by
he Constitution of the country, are desirous of ob-
iiining a share in other prerogatives which it has placed
elsewhere, though it has subjected the exercise of them
to responsibility.
Idly,—Because the power of pardon, which Mr.
Justice Blackstone emphatically describes to be " the
most personal and the most his own" # of all the
pregogatives of the King,—appears to us the last
which can invite or justify the interposition of one
House of Parliament with new regulations and restric-
:ions on its exercise.

The obligation attempted to be imposed by these re-
solutions, namely, the necessity of previous consultation
with the Judge, would in many possible and some not
improbable instances be at variance both with the theory
on which the prerogative of mercy is preserved in our
Constitution, and with the duties which the judicial cha-
racter supposes in our Judges. The best writers on the
principles of general law, as well as the ablest commen-
tators on our own, have justified the prerogative of
mercy, inherent in the Crown, on the acknowledged
maxim that " The power of judging and pardoning a
criminal should never centre in one and the same per-
son."t Yet the practical effect, if any, of these resolu-
tions, would be virtually to transfer from the Prince and
his responsible advisers, to the Judge who tried, the
power of pardoning the criminals be had condemned,
thereby, on the strong language of the above cited au-
thorities, " obliging to contradict himself, to make and
unmake his decisions, tending to confound all ideas of
right among the mass of the people, and rendering it
difficult to tell whether a prisoner was discharged for
his innocence, or pardoned through favour or compas-
sion.l
3dly,—Because, although a Judge can unquestion-
ably afford the best and most satisfactory testimony to
all the circumstances of doubt or extenuation which
have appeared on the trial, and consequently should,
wherever mercy is extended on such considerations,
be previously informed and chicly consulted, yet we
apprehend that there are many and strong motives
to mercy, moral, prudential, and political, on which
persons officially intrusted with the strict interpreta-
tion and application of the law are far from being the
most competent judges or the safest advisers. Set,
vices rendered by the prisoner before or subsequent
to trial, discoveries and disclosures of past delinquen-
cies, or of designs actually on foot, proofs and con-
sequences of his entire and sincere repentance, toge-
ther with various other reasons of state and policy, may
all furnish legitimate grounds for the exercise of mercy
as long as our Constitution preserves inviolate to the
Crown that Godlike attribute, and yet the considera-
tion of such circumstances are surely peculiarly un-
fitted, and perhaps even unwholesome, for minds en-
gaged in the stern and impartial discharge of the duties
required in a Criminal Judge.
(Signed) VASSAL HOLLAND.
Hudson (Falkland). Minto.
Barham. Foley.
Stanley of Alderley. Mostyn.
De Mauley. Nethuen.
Duncannon. Colborne.
Lurgan. Fitzwilliam.
Stuart of Decies. - Ilatherton.
Clarendon. Albemarle.
Plunkett. Sundridge (Argyll).
Seaford. Montfort.
Fingall. Lilford.
Dinorben. Lovelace.
Gosford. Clements (Leitrim).

Blackstone, Vol. IV., Commentaries. It is termed by
other great legal authorities, " One of the most distin-
guishing features of a monarch ; and elsewhere, " The
most amiable prerogative of the Crown, and inseparably in-
eiden t to it.

1- Blackstone, Vol. IV.
f President Montesquieu on Blackstone, Vol. IV.

MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS, AT

HAVANA.

I must now come to One. of the most important sub-
jects which Havana presents to a philosophical foreigner,
namely, the manufacture of cigars. In spite of the
great increase of their great consumption in England, it
is surprising how little is known about them, and what
errors prevail regarding them. It is generally believed,
that one has nothing else to do than to go to Havana,
and that the best cigars can be found in every quarter :
this is a great mistake, and I have no hesitation in
saying, that those of the English gentry who can afford
to pay a good price to the hest dealers in London and
Liverpool, smoke better cigars than the average of the
inhabitants of this city. The reason is so obvious, the
demand is so great, that no manufacturer can keep a
stock by him ; they are sold as soon as made, and are
generally smoked quite green and raw, whereas they
should be made, at least, two or three months before
they are used. However, I do not think that the
very finest qualities go to Europe, and for the very
simple reason, that they are not fashionable : they are
generally dark coloured, and the public, in the old
world, prefers a lighter coloured, smoothly rolled cigar,
to the strong and highly coloured rough looking ones,
which are most held in estimation among the Havenese.
Indeed, some of the best which I ever tasted in my life
were given me by an English gentleman, who had sent
them to a friend in Liverpool, and they were returned, as
being too coarse and ugly! The voyage twice across the
Atlantic had ripened them, and they were the most per-
fect vade-mecum imaginable for the meditative philo-
sopher. The greatest manufacturers are Cabanas,
Hernandez, (known to the smoking world under the
nom de guerre of Dos Amigos,) Silva, and Reneureuil,
who exports chiefly to Holland and France ; but, be-
sides these, there are hundreds of manufacturers who
make from ten to one thousand per day. The cigar is
composed of two distinct parts, called here the " tri-
pas," or inside," and the " capa," or " cover ;" for
these, two different kinds of leaves are used, of which
the latter is generally finer in texture as well as more
pliant. Those leaves which are to be made upon Tuesday
are damped on Monday evening, and allowed to remain
so all night, and when rolled, they are placed on a large
table, where they are divided into the various qualities of
first, second, third, &c., and priced accordingly. Those
which are most carefully and beautifully rolled are
called " regalias," and are sold at twenty-two, twenty-
three, or twenty-six dollars a thousand, while the second-
best, which are of the very same tobacco, and made by
the same. man, (only with a little less attention to sym-
metry of form), are sold at fourteen dollars ; others,
again, at twelve dollars, and some as low as six dollars ;
these last do not find their way to England, as the duty
would amouct to more than the prime cost. D. Her-
nandez (Dos Amigos) employs about fifty men in his
manufactory. Of the best common cigars a good work-
man can make a thousand in a day, of the regalias
six hundred, so that the daily issues from this immense
pbrica are about thirty thousand cigars, which, at four-
teen dollars per thousand, would give nearly 1001. a day.
They pay an export duty of half a dollar per thousand,
and an import in England of nine shillings. Allowing
for freight and insurance, twenty per cent. profit to the
importer, 'and twenty to the retailer, the best Havana
cigars should be sold in London at 51. per thousand,
which is 18s. per lb., or about 1-4-d. a piece, instead of
which they are generally charged 30s. to 4Cs , and some-
times 60s. per lb., and from 3d. to 6d. a-piece.—The
Hon. C. A. Murray's Travels in North America.

LATE MR. CIIADBORN, OF GLOUCESTER.—
Some evidence was given on the inquest to show a
singularity of conduct on the previous evening ; and the
jury, under the direction of the Coroner, immediately re-
turned a verdict of " Temporary insanity." The
deceased was between fifty and sixty years of age. He
had attended Divine service at the Cathedral on Sunday
morning last, when the Sheriff's Chaplain preached before
the Judges of Assize. The text was, " We must all appear
before the judgment seat of Christ :" and the deceased is
said to have been observed to shed tears during the sermon,
and to have been much affected. He was a married man,
and has left a widow and two married daughters to de-
plore his untimely end. He is said to have taken leave of
his wife on the previous evening in an unusually affectionate
manner. Some letters written on the previous evening,
and sealed with black wax, were found directed to sonic
of his friends. Their contents did not transpire at the
inquest, but it is thought they may throw some light
upon the circumstances which led to this deplorable
event. Various rumours have been circulated, as
might be expected, as to the cause of Mr. Chadborn's dis-
tressing and untimely end, which it is needless and perhaps
scarcely proper to particularise. All, however, concur in
the belief that the anxiety and turmoil, and perhaps in some
measure the disappointment experienced by him in refe-
rence to the late Mr. Wood's will, added to some family
affliction, materially injured his health and depressed his
spirits ; and it is well known, that from the situation in
which he stood with reference to the will, his attention has
been almost wholly engrossed with the proceedings conse-
quent upon its disputed validity, and that he has scarcely
passed a tranquil_hour since the decease of his celebrated
and miserly testator.-