The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-15 00:00:00

Tom]. - SUN. LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCFOBER 15, 1863.

were in fault, the hirers or the letters of the apart-
ments. In all cases where fever had unavoidably
broken out, some weeks should be ordered to elapse
before any more lodgers are admitted. By this means
the guilty would be suspended from their ill-gotten
gains, and the ignorant and careless would be duly
warned of the sad and serious consequences that re-
sult from inattention to sanitary precautions. The
unfortunate class, also, who are afflicted with disease
would be prevented from making more mischief,
and spreading the contagion around them. Unless
some due precaution is adopted speedily the evil
will augment to such an extent that the healthy
will dread the risk of visiting a watering-place. A
reaction will be the consequence, and it will be
difficult, if not impossible, for convalescents to
get any change of air at all, for all lodging-house
keepers will shun their approach. There is no
reason why, with proper management, all sorts of
cases may not be accommodated at watering places,
and return, after their stay in the locality, re-
freshed by the change, or restored by the invigo-
rating breezes. If those who take in the sufferers,
and their friends and relatives, make up their minds
to use the right means for preserving their rooms
against infection, the evil, except in serious cases,
is not very likely to spread. On the other hand,
if they do not, the public is of too much im-
portance to be trifled with, to suit their fancies, and
the lives of many are not to be sacrificed to suit the
prejudices of the ignorant, and the obstinacy of the
wilful. It is often, unhappily, to be found that,
when people are deaf and blind to the claims of
honour, the calls of humanity, and the evidence of
reason, they will be on the alert if they think that
their interests are in any way affected by the ques-
tion in dispute. For some time past it has been a
fruitful soiree of complaint in many quarters, that
our tourists and travellers seek foreign shores for
diversion, when health and happiness might
abound at home, if they would only turn their steps
in the right direction. Now, what can well tell more
against the success and prosperity of our coast
towns, than the rumour now so prevalent with
regard to infection being rife in those localities ?
It is idle to gainsay the truth of the assertion. The
story has gone forth far and wide, and those whom
principle and feeling will not influence may yet
have cause to regret, if they do not repent, the
short-sighted policy they have adopted, and the
mistaken notions that have actuated them. Mak-
ing too much haste to be rich has worked many
evils in this world, and given rise to grave and
deplorable results.

It is not surprising that the subjects engaging the
attention of the Social Economy Department of the
great autumnal assembly, the position of the Cotton
Districts should occupy a prominent place. The
condition and prospects of Lancashire have been
during the year very frequently uppermost in men's
minds, and the approaching advent of winter has
lately brought the subject up again. So
large a
body of our industrial classes could not suffer for so
long a period without their misfortune being justly
ranked as a fitting subject for national deliberation.
There have been, too, and indeed still ere, so many
conflicting views upon the matter, that a general
discussion and argument were not unlikely to have
satisfactory effects. Some are inclined to take a
sanguine view of the case, and are ready to persuade
themselves and others that the danger is
already
past, and that Lancashire will be henceforth happily
Others, independent of extraneous assistance.' on
the contrary, are inclined to form a most despond-
ing estimate of affairs : they look upon the cotton
trade as hopelessly destroyed, and recommend
wholesale emigration of the " hands." Others,
again, occupy the middle position, and while admit-
ting the improved aspect of affairs, and the sound-
ness of hopes for future improvement, look forward
to a lengthened period of uncertainty and depres-
sion. To the latter class belongs Mr- EDMUND
POTTER, who read a paper on the present state of
the cotton districts at the Edinburgh
meeting last
week. He is by no means disposed to exaggerate
the prospects of the reviving trace, in fact, he rather
underrates them. In common with many others he
cites the present slow extension of the area of
cotton cultivation in India as a proof that the
undertaking never will be popular there, since
even the present high prices have not succeeded in
rendering it more general. Such reasoners forget
that they must allow for the obstacles existing in
India as to the purchase or cultivation of land, and
that the first year or two's crop, grown under all
preliminary difficulties,is not to be taken as a sample
of what India can accomplish. There is no doubt
that the quality end quantity of Indian cotton win
both improve rapidly with a little time and care,
and we have to thank the same prejudice as that
which actuated Mr. POTTER, for the persistent
neglect of all other sources of supply heretofore.
With regard to the large emigration proposed by
some persons as a panacea for all evils, we are glad
to find Mr. POTTER expressing himself against any
such scheme. He says, very justly, "Emigration
is the natural safety valve of an overplus population,
one sinking and starving on a non-productive soil,
or hanging on a trade decaying for want of demand
for some superseded commodity ; but a harsh,
mischievous and costly remedy wterewith to meet
what may be classed as a temporary disruption of
a trade." It is so easy to get rid of a difficulty
by laying
it on other people's shoulders that emi-
gration has been all along a favourite remedy. We
are to send these poor people across the seas, and
so save the trouble, anxiety, and expense of provid-
ing for them here. Responsibilities cannot, how-
ever, be
so pleasantly disposed of, and it is very
necessary
is any to consider two points before attempting
any wholesale scheme. The first is, whether there
chance or prospect of the revival of the old
trade; secondly, whether the emigrants could find
work suited to their capabilities and experience at
their journey's end. The first of these queries
is now being answered satisfactorily by those most
qualified to form a just opinion. The second is more
than doubtful, and the gentleman who so strenu-
ously advocated it at the Edinburgh meeting would
probably have been considerably puzzled if called
upon to glve practical evidence of their words. It
seems strange that persons should still be found to
take so disparaging a view of affairs when the last
returns aro so encouraging. It would of course be
idle to expect a sudden lull tide of prosperity after
so long and trying a season of sorrow and scarcity,
but we have every ground for hoping that the im-

provemcnt already perceptible will bo continuous, if
gradual. It cannot certainly be laid down as a law
that cotton will only grow on one portion of the

globe, although it is not surprising that it should
have hitherto been almost restricted to that spot,
since the great cotton market drew ali its supplies
from thence. The description of many of the older
manufacturing towns given by Mr. POTTER fully
confirms what has been said of the advantages
offered by the Public Works Bill. As a proof of
the great influence of crowded, ill-ventilated work-
shops on health, it was remarked by Mr, CHAD-
WICK that, notwithstanding the distress, the death
rate,instead of increasing, had diminished. it is to
be hoped that the attention that has now been
rurned to Lancashire, its people, and its mills, will
,ff ot a beneficial change in many
of these particu-
lars, and will thus enable the toilers to reap some
advantages from their long-continued distress,

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

[REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.]

ANNEXATION OF POLISH GOVERN..
MENTS BY RUSSIA,
BRESLAU, OCT. 15.
The Breslauer Zeitung of to-day announces that
an Imperial decree has detached the Government of
Augustow and the district of Lomza from the
Kingdom of Poland, and has declared them hence-
forth incorporated provinces of the Russian
Empire.

Ae aide-de-camp of General Mouravieff has
already arrived in Suwalki to assume the office of
Governor.

FRANCE.

PARIS, OCT. 15.
An imperial decree, published to-day, says :
" Considering the eminent services rendered to
the Government by M. Billault, his obsequies will
be celebrated at the cost of the public Treasury."
The Emperor was not present at the opening of
the Italian opera on account of the demise of M.
Billault.
The King of Greece arrived here last night at 8
o'clock.
The Revue Nationale has received a second warn-
ing for an article by M. Lanfray, "depreciating
the policy of the Emperor, and misrepresenting his
acts and intentions in a manner calculated to excite

hatred and contempt."
The sudden death of AL Billault is very generally
remarked on by the Paris journals, but the writers
seem to have scarcely recovered sufficiently from the
shock to enter at any length into an exianination of
his career,in most cases confining themselves simply
to expressions of regret for his loss. The Illoniteur
has the following tribute t,) the departed states-
man :—" This unexpected blow has caused a painful
emotion throughout the whole of France. M. Bil-
lault's death is not only a deep cause of morning for
his family and friends, but is also an immense loss
for the State and for the Emperor, whom he served
with as much devotedness as talent and eloquence."
The Constitutionne/ expresses itself in these
terms—" The eminent services rendered by M.
Billault to the Emperor and to the country, his
elevated political intelligence, more and more
striking proofs of which he was constantly giving,
and his talents of the first order, had procured
him the distinguished confidence of the Emperor
and the esteem and admiration of the nation. IVI.
Billault had been one of the first of the men of
his generation to devote himself to the Empire
He had been one of the first to understand that
the Napcieonic tradition was destined to produce
all the elements of greatness and prosperity. He
had remarked how vain and sterile were those ob-
stinate party struggles which only aimed at oppos-
ing obstacles to each other. The Empire appeared
to him as the era of realisation. He consecrated
himself entirely to it, and was rewarded for that
resolution by the glorious triumphs which he ob-
tained in his career. The labours o the statesman,
political orator, and indefatigable servant to the
Imperial dynasty filled up the existence of M. Bil-
lault. He had raised himself high in his more
recent struggles, and everything announced that
he would rise still higher. He has been stricken
down in the prime of life, and in the splendour
of his talent !"
We find the subjoined passages in the Debats :
" This is not the moment to enter into details con-
cerning the life of M. Billault, of his career as
advocate, deputy, and minister, and of the illness
which resulted in his premature decease. The men
who have taken part in the affairs of France
during the last thirty years, in the midst of so
many agitations and incidentE, are necessarily
exposed to very different judgments; posterity
alone will definitively class them in their proper
Places. But party spirit pauses, for the moment
at least, before a tomb which has just opened,
and we are convinced that all who have known
M. Billault, adversaries or friends, will render equa

justice to his talent as a speaker, his administrative
capacity, and the amenity of his character. Every
good citizen will accord regret to a man who formed
one of the illustrations of Frauce."

The Siecle is as little eulogistic as it can be with
any propriety. It says His
political life is di-
vided into two very distinct parts. In the first
part of his career, he was the ardent defender of
representative institutions, and in the second he
abandoned them.. The political historian will here-
after have to seek for the cause of that change. We
shall confine ourselves for the present to saying that
M. Billault was a man of great talent as a speaker,
and of great ability in explaining from the tribune
the ideas of the Imperial Gavernment, which will

not be able to readily replace him." The Union,
the Monde, and the .Nord merely mention the
event. The Gazege de France has the sub-
joined :—" The death of M. Billault is a grave
event. The talent and skill which he had recently
displayed in explaining and, defending the Imperial
policy rendered him, as it were, the parliamentary
personification of the present regime. M. 8,1

lault was Minister of State, and since the last re-
organisation had been considered as the leader, or,
in any case, the pivot, of the new Ministerial com-
bination, which has not yet been tried before the
Chambers. If the principle of that combination is
maintained, the official organ may be expected to
publish shortly the nomination of a successor to M.
Billault, which will be itself an event, from the
special signification which it cannot fail to have,
according the political character of the man who
shall be chosen."

BOURSE, Oct. 14.—The market is in a complete
state of inactivity, with prices almost unvaried,
Threes, for the Account, having alternated between
67f. 50c. and 67f. 60c., and being now at the former
price. Mobilier slightly lower. Railway Shares
offered, and rather lower. The market closed as
follows :

It per Cents 96
Po. end month —

Italian Loan 73 50
Do. end month 73 55
New ditto ..• •• 73 20
Do. end month 73 20
Russian
Austrian

3 per Cents
Do. end month 67 55
Credit Mobilier 1168 75
Do. end month 1167 50
Bank Shares 3350
Credit Foncier 1325 -
BAIL'

Spanish-
Homo Debt ...... 5 2 7 5

,AYB.

____ • __
Cash. Account.
Orleans 9BO •• 983 7o
Northern
New ditto •
Lyons and Mediterranean 1013 75 .. 961 25
Geneva 498 75 ..
Southern
Western
Eastern .... 6lO -- .. 508 75
Sardinian 417 50 .. 417 50
Austrian
Lotrlaq.rd
......
North of Spain .... 548 75 .. 550
Saragossa .
Ditto to Barcelona .• • • 347 50 ..
350

INDIA, CHINA, AND AUS-
TRALIA.

By the arrival of the Calcutta mail we have re-
ceived our private correspondence and files of
papers from Calcutta to the Bth September ; Hong-
kong, 28th August ; Melbourne, 25th August ;
Sydney, 21st August; and Auckland, to the 11th
August.

The Calcutta papers do not contain much news
of interest.

THE WAR IN NEW ZEALAND.

The latest advises from Auckland are to the 11th
of August.

The New Zealander of the 4th gives a " carefully con-
sidered estimate' of a native army of 7,500 fighting men
that could at once be brought into the field against the
Queen's troops. Allowing one-third for contingencies, it
remarks that " even 5,000 would be fuund a powerful array
for our scattered line of defenders to encounter and arrest."
aTthseomtoetathl amountsomething
glike 5,
ofoohoermMenajoefstayl'lsafromrcse, a very inadequates may be reckoned
army to furnish garrisons for posts, and take the offensive
in the field against an enemy whose tactics are eudden
murder, and a bold stand behind their own entrenchments,
or a trial of strength in manly conflict. It is said that
Sikhs may be expected from India—the remainder of the
12th, 40th, and artillery (about 1,000 in all) from Australia
and Tasmania ; reinforcements from England are likewise
spoken of, and the general Government are reported to
Wye decided upon raising levies in the Australian colonies '

,erms.

to the number of 5,000 men. All these, however, are yet
but rumours; and in the meantime there is a growing in..
dication of an exodus of those who have lately come among
us, and who are not yet compelled by law to enter into our
militia.

The field of conflict with the natives has been changed.
The scene of ection is no longer at Taranaki, but on the
Waikato, the csuntry in the rear of Waikato, and within 30
miles of the capital. Taranaki, at present, is all quiescent.
Auckland, on the contrary, is in a state of feverish in-
quietude and excitement, the murderous natives swarming
in the mountain ranges in General Cameron's rear, "weed-
ing" (as colonials phrase it) the solitary and defenceless
settlers; dexterously avoiding to come in contact with
troops in the open, but ever and anon exhibiting an unim-
pressionable front in advance. Individuals and families
have been barbarously assassinated by these cowardly
ruffians, who glory in such butcheries as superior instances
of their skill in war.

"Auckland, and the country for 40 miles to the south•
ward, is one vast camp ; General Cameron occupying the
most forward position at Koheroa.
"The troops in the front consist of detachments of the
12th, 14th, and 18th Regiments, the greater portion of the
40th, the entire of the 65th, part of the 70th, Captain
Mercer's artillery (partially mounted), and (local forces)
portions sf the Auckland Rifle Volunteers, Auckland
Militia Auckland Defence Corps (mounted), Otahuhu
Royal Volunteer Cavalry, and Naval Volunteers; this
local force being under the command of Major-General
Galloway, late of the 70th Regiment.

AMERICA.

(REUTER'S EXPRESS.)
(Per City of Washington.)
NEW YORK, OCT. 3.

Nothing new has occurred at Chattanooga.
There are various rumours afloat of disasters to
Rosencranz, but the latest reliable accounts re-
present his army to be still undisturbed in their
strong defensive position. General Meiga, re-
cently returned from Chattanooga to Washington,
gives positive assurance that Rosencranz has
nothing to fear from any attack that can be made
upon him, and that his communications are com-
plete, and not seriously threatened. Confederate
accounts represent General Bragg to be
complete master of the situation, and that
Rosencranz will soon be compelled to come out
and give battle, when they are confident of his an-
❑ihilation. It is generally admitted that no rein •

'orcements can reach Rosencranz from General

Grant.

Contradictory reports continue to come in con-
cerning the whereabouts and condition of General
Buenside's army. A despatch from Bristol, Ten-
nessee, dated 29th ult., states that Burnside was
retreating from Jonesboro', pursued by Confederate
cavalry. This is flatly contradicted in Washington.
Everything in General Meade's army remains
unchanged. A reconnoitring party had returned
and reported the entire corps of General D. H. Hill
to be in strong position on the south side of the
Rapidan. A large Confederate force was said to be
in motion towards the Blue Ridge, and a movement
down the valley of the Shenandoah was anticipated.
The Confederates were reported 10,000 strong at
Mount Jackson.
A despatch to the Bichnzond Examiner states

that General Weitzel had been defeated and killed
at Napoleon, La., by the rebels under General Dick
Taylor. This report is not generally believed, al-

though General Weitzel, on his return from the
Sabine Pass expedition, had gone on another expe-
dition with his division, and had not since been
heard of.

Affairs at Charleston remained unchanged on the
26th, Gen. Gillmore was erecting seige guns and
making preparations for a general attack. Con-
federacy journals express every confidence that the
city will not be taken.
A terrible state of anarchy existed in the border
counties of Missouri, the Kansas Abolitionists, at
latest accounts, were desolating the whole country,
under command of Gen. Jim Lane and Col. Jennison.
Thousands of the inhabitants had sought refuge in
the forests, their houses being destroyed. A delega-
tion from Kansas waited recently on President Lin-
coln, and demanded the removal of Gen. Schofield
from the command of that department, and re-
quested that General Butler be placed in command.
It is thought the President will accede to their
demands.

Several persons were arrested a fews days since
in St. Louis, and placed in irons, charged with
being engaged in a conspiracy to burn all eteamers
in the Western waters that are of service to the
Government. A cypher letter was found which,
on being deciphered, disclosed a well organised
plot to effect the object of the conspirators. The
matter is being thoroughly investigated.
A grand municipal reception was given on
Thursday to the officers of the Russian fleet.
Three brigades of troops paraded. In replying to
the addresses of May, r Opdyke and the aldermen,
Admiral Lisoffski confined his remarks to the
occasion entirely.

A great Republication Ratification meeting was
held on Wednesday evening at the Cooper Insti-
tute, Resolutions were passed endorsing the Eman-
cipation and Confiscation Acts, and the entire
course of the Administration, including the suspen-
sion of the habeas corpus. Governor Seymour and
the peace party were severely denounced, and
charged with being the cause of the late Federal
reverses. Vice-President Hamlin, in a speech of
some length, indulged in severe vituperation of
Democrats and peace men.

COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.

NEW YORK, OCT. 2 (P.M.).

Breadstuffs—Flour active, and prices improved;
to-day's sales comprise 19,200 brls. State and
Western, 2,600 brls. Southern, and 670 brls. Cana-
dian. Superfine State and Western, 5 dols. 10c. to
5 dols. 45c.; extra State, 5 dols. 60c. to 6 dols. 250.;
common to choice Western, 5 dols. 70c. to 9 dols. 25c.;
Canadian, 5 dols. 70c. to 7 dols. 60c.; Southern,
mixed to good, 6 dols. to 6 dols. 95c.; extra do.,
7 dols. to 8 dols. 10c. good to choice family do.,
8 dols. 15c. to 9 dols. 250.; rye flour, superfine,
5 dols. 10c. to 5 dols. 60c.; corn meal, 4 dols. 355.
t) 5 dols.; do. puncheons, 22 dols. 50c.;
wheat active and higher— receipts amount to
42,000 bushels ; sales, 158,000 bushels, at

1 dol. 50c. to 1 dol. 58c. for Western white ; 1 dol.
43c. for Ambor Western ; 1; dol. 35c. for red ditto;
8 dol. 28c. for New Chicago.

Oats more advancing—Canadian sold at 660, to
73c. ; Western, 73c.; Slate, 74c.
Coffee firm, but quiet—Rio, 301 c. to 32c-; Java,
37c. to 38c. ; Ceylon, 32c. to 33c. ; Maracaibo, 30c.
to 321 c.; San Domingo, 26c, to 27c.
Cotton, firm and active—Stiles, 3,100 bales, at
80c., and 85c. for middling.

Sugars more active—Sales, 3,000 hogsheads, at
30. for New Orleans; 121 for Cuba.
'fallow.—Sales 250,000 lbs. at lla to 111.

Tobacco.—Sales good. 447 hhds. Kentucky
sold at 9.1. to 214-Ic.; 3,820 cases seed leaf at 14i to

20 cents.

Wool.—Sales of 350,000 lbs of fleece, at 62c. to
70c. ; 100,000 lbs., pulled, at 59c. to 70c. ; 700 bales
Atrican and 1,000 bales Western on private

AN ANECDOTE of one of Herr Von Bismark's
German colleagues. The Kladderadatsch had illus-
trated several caricatures of Herr Von Beust, the ingenious
Conservative Saxon Premizr. Herr Von Beust presented
one of his friends, who was on the point of starting for
Berlin, with one of his photographic likenesses, saying,
"Please to hand this picture to the editor of the laaddera-
datsch, who his lately been honouring me by an intense
interest for my person• I have, however, remarked with
infinite regret that he posieesee no good portrait of

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.

POSEN, Oct. 9.

The Warsaw correspondent of the Posencr
Journal gives the following pictures of the present
condition of the Polish provinces
If a shot is fired from your house, the dwelling
will be pillaged and confiscated, and you yourself
brought before a court-martial. The same fate is
in store for you if any person's life is attempted in
front of your abode or in your courtyard. If arms
or anything of a suspicious character are discovered
in the rooms of one of your tenants, you will have
to answer it before the court-martial. If a suspected
person is arrested in your house, you will he brought
before a court-martial. If any one commits a crime
in the streets, and takes refuge in your house, you
will be brought before a court-martial. If the wind
puffs out the light in the entrance hell of your house,
you will b.) punished with the full severity of
martial law. Unfortunate proprietors of Warsaw
houses, on all sides the gibbet is your only prospect !
If an attempt upon the life of any one takes place
within a house, all the inhabitants, without distinc
tion of age or sex, are considered accomplices, and,
as such, brought before a court martial. If before
or within a house or in the adjoining courtyard a
political murder takes place, all the inhabitants are
responsible to a court-martial. Passers by, stopped
in the street at the time of the event in case of the
actual culprit's flight, are subjected to the punish-
ment which would have been inflicted upon the
author of the attempt, had he been taken. Un-
fortunate tenants! unfortunate passers by ! who
among you is sure of the morrow ? Workpeople
in whose possession is found too large a quantity of
objects capable of being used for equipping or pro-
visioning insurgents are brought before a court-
martial, and everything they have is confiscated.
Unfortunat; workpeople, for you also the gibbet is
prepared !

Landed proprietors upon whose estates insur-
gents may be, or across whose lands they have
passed, equally with those who furnish provisions
to the revolutionists, are brought before a court-
martial, their mansions plundered, then set on fire.
Unfortunate landed proprietors, you live in mortal
fear !

Officials who do not wear round hats, those who
do not shave off their moustaches, and those who
allow their wives and daughters to wear blacx gar-
ments, are considered favourable to the National
Government. Therefore, they receive their dismis-
sal ; therefore, they are subsequently brought before
a court-martial. Unfortunate officials, the sword
of Damocles is also suspended over your heads !
In fine, we are all guilty, all condemned to death,
and a drunken and licentious soldiery familiarises
us with this death daily, hunting us through the
streets with sabre cuts and bayonet stabs, not to
mention the insults inflicted upon us by the Cos-
sacks with delight. Our situation grows more dan-
gerous from day to day. Yet all the brutal vio-
lence, all the refined cruelty, all the savage license
and unexampled barbarities of Russia do not weaken
the spirit of Poland. They nerve her, on the con-
trary, to combat the oppressor with energy and
courage that defy defeat.