The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 10, 1863.

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA.

(From the Times' Correspondent.)
NEW YORK, July 29.

As few people believe the confident assertion
of Mr. Secretary Stanton—published in an official
document, with his signature attached—that the
army of General Lee was utterly "routed" by
General Meade, and could not possibly escape into
Virginia unless in disorderly and demoralised frag-
ments, few people are surprised to learn that the
Confederate chief—repulsed, but not defeated—
has crossed the Potcmac at his leisure, with his
stores, his ammunition, his artillery, end the spoils
that he gathered in Pennsylvania; that he holds
all the lower gaps of the Blue Ridge Mountains,
where Gen. Meade cannot pursue him ; and that
he is in such strength and spirits as even yet to
alarm Mr. Stanton as well as Mr. Lincoln and
General Halleck for the future safety of Washing-
ton. In other quarters the Confederates, though
greatly diser pointed and grieviously damaged, are
Lot disheartened. VictePresident Stephens speaks
words of cheer to the people, and will not despeir
of the cause even if Charleston, Savannah, and
Mobile should be wrested from the Confederacy,
and Richmond itself be doomed to suffer the pain
and humiliation of hostile occupation. Charleston
makes a gallant defence, and repulses the foe at
Fort Wagner with a slaughter .ot which it is
sickening to read. Yet the Northern people would
be sanguine of speedy success to their arms, not-
withstanding all these discouraging circumstances,
were it not for the character of the recent news from
Mexico. They believe that the establishment of a
monarchical form of government in that country
under the auspices of the Emperor of the French,
whether the new potentate be the Archduke Maxi-
milian of Austria or, on his refusal, Mr. Patterson
Bonaparte—or Bonaparte Patterson—will speedily
lead to the recognition of Mr. Jefferson Davis and
an alliance offensive and defensive between France,
Mexico, and the Southern Confederacy. They ,
know enough of the energy and determination of
the Southern people to acknowledge that it would
not, under these circumstances, be necessary for
the Emperor of the French to send a single regi-
ment to America; that the South does not want
his military aid, but solely that of his navy,
to open the ports and procure for the people
that access to the outer world for want of which
they have been reduced, more than by any-
thing else, to their present state of suffering. For
the time being the Mexican news absorbs the main
interest of American politicians of the higher grade.
Those of the lower grade are as local and municipal
as usual, but every man who can calculate the
chances of the future a little more accurately than
his fellows is of opinion that the chances of South-
ern recognition by France, with or without the co-
operation of Great Britain, were never so favourable
as they are at the present moment, and that these
chances do not so much rest upon Federal victories
or reverses as upon the turn which events have
taken in the land of Montezuma.

Mr. Seward and some of the leading members of
the Democratic party appear to cling to the notion
that the South, if it cannot be coerced, can be con-
ciliated, and that Mr. Lincoln has only to propose
a general amnesty, for which they think the time
exceedingly favourable ; a withdrawal of the Pro-
clamation of Emancipation, and constitutional gua-
rantees for the perpetuation of slavery in the Cotton
States, to secure a reconstruction of the Union.
The hope is illusory. Even if the South would
accept the terms—which is not in the slightest de-
gree probable—the restored Union could not outlive
another four years' Presidency. Such a compro-
mise would heal nothing, settle nothing, be worth
nothing. The flames of civil war might smoulder
under the heap of rubbish thrown over them, but
would burst forth again with redoubled violence at
no distant period. It is asserted that Mr. Seward
has urged upon the President to make the attempt,
and whether the fact be or be not as stated, it is
clear that a very large proportion of the American
people do dearly prize the Union as to be willing
to consent even to such a humiliation as this would
be to restore it in its pristine strength and cohesion.
But the thing is impossible.

The question of the draught in this city is held in
abeyance. The attempt to enforce it will infallibly
lead to further disturbance. In the meantime the
interest attaching to the riots of the 13th, 14th,
15th, and 16th days of this month has not subsided.
Whether arising in a sudden outburst of popular
indignation against the slavery of enforced military
service, or secretly organised by leaders who have
had the wit and the good fortune to conceal their
names, their persons, and their mode of action, they
are likely in their consequences to exert great in-
fluence on that Northern revolution which the Go-
vernment appears to have resoved to accomplish.
The " Woollyheads," or Republicans, have long ac-
cused the " Copperheads," or Democrats, of having
instigated insurrection in favour of the South, while
the Democrats, on the other hand, have as loudly
accused the opposite party of fomenting and en-
couraging the worst excesses of the mob in order to
have a pretext for declaring martial law in this
city, and of overriding and ultimately superseding
the constitution of the State of New York. Both of
these charges are baseless. The riots, which were
formidable enough at one time to deserve the name
of an insurrection, and might have grown into a re-
volution had there been as much courage in civil as
there is in military life in this country, were really
the spontaneous growth of popular disgust both with
the war and with the conscription, and the Federal
Government was not only sorry that they broke out
as they did, but was most anxious to turn them to
account in its Lrling purpose of welding the North
into a homogeneous nation by the extinction of
State rights. But, astute as were the politicians of
Washington, they found their match in Governor
Seymour. Elected by the Democracy of the State
to defend State rights against Federal en-
crotschments, he knew the importance of his posi-
tion and the necessity of defending it. The Governor
of Pennsylvania, receiving little or no aid from the
Federal Government in his attempt to arrest the
Progress of General Lee, had applied in his distress
to. the Governor of New York, who had responded
t°_,_ his call by sending some of his best militia rep-
"nta to Chambersbnrg and other points of danger.
What
, the riots broke out these regiments had not
returned,
of troops. and New York was consequently denuded
Such few as remained in the city be-
longed to the
the eetarat Federal Government, and were under
officer. 0:111 of Major-General Wool, a Federal
danger, was absent Seymour having no suspicion of
on the coast of isinpt,..at an Atlantic watering place
out. The Mayor of jersey when the riots broke
at first that the polkee' city, Mr, Opdyke, imagined
Would be sufficient to restore
and preserve order,l3 the insurrection extended
and the skieswere reddened with the glare of burn-
ing houses, he applied to General
Wool for the aid
of the Federal troops, a,,iwtZ
ng as a reason the
absence of the State militia.
14eloosylvania. Mr.
Opdyke thus admitted that it was
the business of
tho State 'authorities, and not of the Federal Go-
vernment to maintain the peace of Ne
admission that will doubtless be remembered
disadvantage hereafter, should ha desire to
his
to enter
into any fresh contracts with the War-office for the
supply of military clothing. General Wool acceded
to the request ; but not having troops enough in the
Federal forts in the harbour and elsewhere to cope
with a riot that began to assume the most alarming
proportions, he made application to the Commander-
in-Chief of the Sovereign State of New York—that
is to say, to Governor Seymour, for the aid of such
militia as still remained within the remoter limits
of -the State, or that he could muster at sudden call
for the defence of society threatened with anarchy.
General Wool did what was entirely right, legal,
but he
and constitutional under the circumstances,
grievously offended the Federal Government, as will
more fully appear hereafter. Governor Seymour
called out his militia ressrves. General Wool con-
tributed his services, and both forces were placed
by Governor Seymour under the command of
Major-General Sandford—a State, not a. Federal
officer.--and everything seemed to promise that,
with unity of counsel and of purpose, the insurgents
and the thieves who had joined their ranks would
be speedily dispersed or capturzd. At this stage of
the proceedings—late on Monday evening----a new
actor appeared on the scene, Brigadier-General

Harvey Brown, a subordinate of General Wool, in
immediate command of some Federal troops in the
forts of New York harbour, who volunteered his
s3rvices in suppressing the riots. His offer was
accepted, and he was ordered to report to and place
himself under the orders of Mejoie General Sand-
ford. The new volunteer, however, proved to be
of little service. He promised obedience, but did
not yield it. He expected, as a Federal General,
to supersede or, at all events, to outrank the State
General, under whom he was ordered to serve, and
his claim not being allowed, he thwarted all the
arrangements which it was his duty to promote,
and, intentionally or unintentionally, gave the
rioters the considerable advantage of uncontrolled
possession of whole districts of the city. Ulti-
mately, and before the night was far advanced, he
asked General Wool's permission to be excused
from further service. The permission was granted,
and Colonel Nugent, Provost-Marahal-General,
was appointed in his place, to report to the State
General. On the following morning (Tuesday), the
riots having gained new strength in the interval,
and mainly on account of the neglect or disobedience
of which Brigadier-Gen. Brown had been guilty, in
refusing to act in subordination to Alajor-Gen.Sand-
ford, the Brigadier, who was in hourly telegraphic
communication with the Secretarypf War at Wash-
ington, presented himself again before Gen. Wool,
expressed his regret at what had occurred, and
de-
clared his willingness to serve under Gen. Sandford.
He was accordingly reinstated in his limited com-
mand, and continued to act, or pretend to act, until
Friday, the 17th inst., when he was relieved by
Major-Gen. Canby, in pursuance of orders received
time riots
ohadr
obstructiveness
suppressed, in spite of the tne
ineffi-
ciency of Gen. Brown, and solely by the police and
the militia. Gen. Canby was not wanted. There
was no pretext for declaring martial law. The
Federal Government had lost its coveted opportunity
of taking the State and city of New York under its
paternal protection, and abolishing its laws, and
there was no knowing when another occasion equally
favourable might present itself. Governor Seymour
was too important a person—too independent a
potentate or Sovereign within his own constitutional
sphere—to be lightly meddled with, and although the
Federal Government would have been glad to make
him feel the full weight of its displeasure, it was
compelled by prudential considerations to restrain
its avenging hand, and vent its wrath in another
direction. If Governor Seymour and Gen. Sandford
were not Federal officers, Gen. Wool and Gen. Brown
were. Both of them had been guilty of thwarting a
cherished design of the Government ; a revolutionary
design, it is true, but not the less incumbent upon
them, in the estimation of Mr. Lincoln, Mr. Stan-
ton, and Gen. Halleck, to aid and forward when
required to do so_ By order of the President, dated
on the third day of the riots, General Wool was re-
lieved of his command, and placed on the retired
list. His offence was not stated ; but according to
all probability, as well as to common belief, it was
his recognition of the authority of Governor Sey-
mour as superior within the State of New York to
that of the Federal Government. General Brown
was dismissed in like manner, and was placed upon
the retired list. The Government did not conde-
scend to inform him why he had fallen under its
high displeasure. He had certainly endeavoured
to place the Federal above the State authority, but
he had done his work in so inefficient a manner
that it was a palpable failure. It was his duty not
to have failed. He did fail, however, and he was
punished accordingly.
Governor Seymour has taken no public notice of
these transactions. By the single-minded and
honest co-operation of General Wool, who, when
the peace of a great city was disturbed, saw nothing
but the paramount necessity of enforcing obedience
to the laws, he had been enabled to thwart the re-
volutionary manoeuvres of the War-office. It would
scarcely have been consistent with his dignity to
take official cognisance of the little plot which he
had so happily and so signally defeated. But he
has found a befitting opportunity to place upon re-
cord his opinion on the vital matter of State rights,
and to define the frontier of a Governor of a State
—such as New York—with regard to the Governors
of other States, and to the Federal Power. In an
order of the day, dated the 233 mot., and in his
official capacity as Commander-in-Chief of the
Military Forces of New York, he has returned
thanks to the Militia regiments, which,
at his request, a month ago, during the
alarm consequent upon the invasion of
General Ler, proceeded to the relief of the Gover-
nor of Pennsylvania, and in words full of warning
and instruction has impressed upon their minds
the sanctity of the Constitution, which is gra-
dually melting away in the hot blast of war; and
the necessitylof holding fast by the ancient wisdom
which established it, if they would escape approach-
ing anarchy. Aware of the intention of Mr, Lin-
coln and his advisers to crush out State Rights in
all the North and West, as fast as opportunity may
serve, Governor Seymour warns the militia of the
great commonwealth of which he is the chief magi-
strate how much depends upon their action in all
the perils that may involve both the individual
State and the Federation of which it forms a part,
"If, he says, "our militia system be allowed to
decay, all our institutions are weakened. The mi-

litia is the main strength of the Executive, to main-
tain the laws, put down insurrection, and repel
invasion." This is the doctrine of the Constitution,
but not of Mr. Lincoln and the revolutionary
RApublicans. These, are of opinion that a large
standing army, supported by taxation, is the proper
and always available instrument to use in such
emergencies. "The State of New York," adds the
Governor, " has already furnished 260,000 volun-

teers to the national service. It now contains
within its limits more than 300,000 persons liable
to service in its militia. The proper organisation
of this great force will not only preserve the power
and safety of the State, but enable it to be even
more beneficial in its aid to the nation, and to
other States than it has been heretofore." There is
no mistaking the import and intention of these
words. They mean business. They mean that in
any conflict which the Federal Government may
provoke, with the view of remodelling the institu-
tions of the North, so as to convert it into one
consistent and homogeneous despotism, the Governor
of New York will maintain the Sovereign rights of
the State, and use, if need be, his constitutional
army of 300,000 men for the purpose.
The question is perilous, and may become immi-
nent. The conscription may, at any moment, force
it to a strict solution. The Government, in view of
the widespread indignation which the mere mention
of compulsory military service has excited—and
pointedly in deference to the wishes of Governor
Seymour, very temperately and respectfully laid
before it—has postponed, but has not abandoned,
the draught. At any moment which it may deem
most favourable for the purpose, it may make a new
attempt to enforce it—and as certainly as it does so
it will goad the working classes of this and the
neighbouring cities to resistance. And if a new
insurrection should be the result there is every
indication that it will not be so purposeless or so
leaderless as the last, and that men will spring to
the front who will organize the popular anger to
political ends, and, making bloody examples of the
11.0118 e-burners and thieves who may attempt to turn
the public commotione to the purposes of plunder,
will do
progreswaysh_daetpetnhdrsy can to invest social riot with the
os
hnfMinisters,forthethe
dignity I political revolution. To that end things
w
are marching,How fast or how slow may be their
and his
to some extent upon Mr. Lincoln
And there is this to be said in
rights
theorists North
hwho see no homogeneity or
be
notr B if the constitutional doctrine
ofth:perseded and abolished,—
that tathtee reihaueessubjugation of the South
are very small, and the
chances
of a new secession
thethrown North is to be a
overboard in the
in the North very great.
If a
captain
nation, State rights must be
with despotic
tempest, and there must be
power in the ship. And liesherein
like him,
error of
Governor Seymour, and of all, whol
of State rights, and yet maintain that there is a
him,
speak
"nation" in America. If there be a nation it is in
the Soutb. The North is a federation—and not a
nation. Each State is a nation in itself, and the
Sovereign State of Ohio differs as much in charac-
ter, idiosyncrasy, and interest from the State of

New York, as Prussia differs from Great Britain,
or Holland from Portugal. _ _ .

The Common Council and Aldermen of this city,
who, as a body, are opposed to the draught and
fully sympathise with their Irish friends and fellow-
countrymen, who resisted it with violence in the
streets, have taken a peculiarly Hibernian mode of
aiding the Government in its stress for soldiers. Mr.
Lincoln requires 300,000 men, of whom New York
must furnish 20,000 to 30,000, if the draught be en-
forced. Under these circumstances, these civic digni-
taries have resolved to tax the city in the sum of
2,500,000 dols,, the said sum not to be expended in
bounty money to induce unwilling men to take
up arms, but to buy off from service, at 300 dols.
each, no less than 8,000 troops who may be con-
scripted. The neighbouring city of Brooklyn
has voted 1,000,000 dollars for the same pur-
pose ; so that while Mr. Stanton calls for
od i r New York and Brooklyn respond by
providing,
Mr. Chase with greenbacks. The ab•
soldiers,
surdity of the proceeding is manifest, and, as far as
Nev York is concerned, Mr. Opdyke, the mayor,
has resolved to defeat the appropriation by his veto.
But as, on the other hand, the Aldermen and Com-
mon Council ean',veto the act by passing the mea-
sure cn its recommendation, by a majority com-
posed of a clear two-thirds of their number, they
have determined to adopt this expedient, and force
the measure upon the taxpaying community, to the
great delight, of course, of all the rowdy popu-
lation, and of many hard-working men, who
will cease to object to the draught if the pub-
lic will pay for their exemption. It is exceed-
ingly doubtful whether these civic functionaries
have the powers they claim in this respect,
and, if they make the appropriation, its
legality will be immediately tested before the
Courts. In the meantime, Mr. Lincoln will have
to wait for his soldiers, however urgently he may
need them.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

LEWES RACES-SATURDAY.

A Scurry Handicap Sweepstakes of 10 sous each, 5 ft.,
gentlemen riders as qualified to ride at Warwick; pro-
fessionals 51b extra. T.Y.C. About five furlongs. 15
subs.
Mr.

B. J. Angell's Columbia, 3 yrs, 9st 71b
(Mr.W. Bevill) 1
Mr. Spencer's Miss Vivian, 4 yrs, 10st 10ib (in. 51b ex.)
(G. Fordham) 2
Mr. Poulson's Antonelli, 4 yrs, lOst 51b
(Mr. G. E. Thompson) 3
The following also ran :—Lord of the Manor, Coronet,
Juliet, Zeloo, and Poland.
Betting-2 to 1 agst Juliet, sto 1 agst Miss Vivian, 6to
1 agst Antonelli, 100 to 15 agst Coronet, 8 to 1 (at first 3
to 1) agst Columbia, 10 to 1 each agst Lord of the Manor
and Poland.

After some delay they were capitally started, Lord of the
Manor showing in front, Zeloo, Coronet, and Juliet close
up on the lower side to the distance, where Juliet dropped
back beaten. Miss Vivian went to the front with Anto-
nelli second until opposite the stand, where Columbia was
brought to the front with a rush, and catching Miss Vivian
in the last dozen strides, won on the post by a head; An-
tonelli beaten a length and a half from the second; Coronet
was fourth, Poland fifth, Lord of the Manor sixth, Zeloo
seventh, and Juliet last.

The Juvenile Stakes of 50 sovs, added to a Sweepstakes
of 5 sovs each, for 2-yr-olds; colts, Bst 101 b ; fillies, Bst
71b ; selling allowances. T.Y.C., about five furlongs.
6 subs.

Lord Westmoreland's Overcast, 2 yrs (ao), Bst 21b (car.
Bst 31b).... (J. Goater) 1
Mr. Johnson's Buckhound, 2 yrs (L5O). Sst 51b.. (Pryor) 2
Mr. W. Robertson's Hedworth, '2 yrs (z5O), Bst 51b
(Brewtey) 3

Betting-6 to 4on Overcast, 100 to 30 agst Hedworth.
Overcast waited until arriving at the enclosure, where
she came out and won by half a length; Hedworth a bad
third. The winner was purchased by Mr. Fleming for 210
guineas, and Mr. Johnson claimed Hedworth.
The County Cup of 50 sovs, added to a Sweepstakes of 5
soya each, for all ages ; certain penalties and allowances.
T.Y.C., about five furlongs. 19 subs.
Captain Christie's Lady Clifden, 5 yrs, 9st 71b
(G. Fordham) 1
Mr. Barber's The Clown, 2 yrs, Gst 71b .. (G. Noble) 2
Mr. W. Nelson's Gamecock, 5 yrs, 9st (Walters) 3
Mr W. Robertson's Rizzio, 2 yrs, Est 41b (Earl) 4

Deerfoot also ran.

Betting-6 to 4on Lady Clifden-5 to 2 agst The Clown

-100 to f 3 each eget Gamecock and Deerfoot (offered)-100
to 3 offered agst Rizzio,
Lady Clifden, on the upper ground, made play, with The
Clown close up, Gamecock third, and Rizzio fourth. Deer-
foot, who jumped round immediately the flag fell, was left
at the post. The two favourites came away in close com-
pany after going 200 yards, and Lady Clifden won a good
race by a neck ; Gamecock a bad third, and Rizzio beaten
off.

The Town Plate (Handicap) of 50 sovs, for 2-yr-olds and

upwards; winners extra. Half a mile.

Mr. G. Angell's East Sheen, 5 yrs, Bst 101 b (T. French) 1
Mr, E. Simpson's Neilgherry, 3 yrs, 6st 12Ib (H. Covey) 2
Lord Westmoreland's Usher, 2 yrs, sst 101b..(Elphick) 3
The following also ran :—Waterwiich, Zora, Coronet,
Peignoir, Miss Livingstone, Juliet, Miss Vivian, Atlas,
Duke of Cambridge, Southdown, Rest, Don't Come Late,
Antipodes, Longstock Lass colt, Isabel, and Highflyer's
dam colt.

Betting-5 to 1 agst East Sheen-100 to 15 agst Peignoir
- - -

-100 to 12 agst Juliet-10 to 1 each agst Zora, Miss
Livingstone, Usher, and Miss Vivian-100 to 8 agst
Neilgherry-100 to 6 each agst Waterwitch and the Duke
of Cambridge-25 to 1 agst Antipodes.
Immediately the flag fell Juliet jumped away, and at her
best pace made play for about 150 yards, when she gave way
to Peignoir, who was succeeded by the Duke of Cambridge,
Miss Livingstone, and East Sheen. On the right of this
lot was Neilgherry, and close to the rails was Isabel, close
up. They ran thus to the distance, where East Sheen went
to the front, and taking a clear lead at the enclosure won in
a canter by a length ; half a length separated the second
and third ; Miss Livingstone was fourth, and Duke of Cam-
bridge fifth, both close up. Southdown and the Longstock
Lass colt were the two last.

The Lewes Grand Handicap of 15 sovs each, 10 ft, and 3
only if declared, So., with 200 added, for three••yr-olds
and upwards ; winners extra. 60 subs, 49 of whom paid
3 sovs ft. Two miles.
Mr. R. Ten Broeck's Lord of Linne, 4 yrs, 7st 111b_ _ _

- (G. Fordham) 1
Mr. Morris's Balham, 5 yrs, Bst 101 b
Mr. Low's Gibraltar, 5 yrsBst 51b .. . (D. Hughes) 3
The following also ran : —Turn of Luck, The Principal,
Dr. Syntax, Cock Robin, Dunkeld, Lavender.

Betting-3 to 1 agst Balham-5 to 1 agst Dr. Syntax-
-6 to 1 each agit Cock Robin and Lord of Linue-8 to 1 each
agst Turn of Luck, Lavender, and Dunkeld-100 to 8 agst
Gibraltar.

The last-mentioned made play at a good pace, followed by
Cock Robin, Lavender, Lord of Linne, and The Principal.
The others who were running at wide intervals were led by
Balham. They ran in this order into the bottom, and when
fairly in the straight Gibraltar was joined by Balham and
Lord of Linne. At the distance Gibralter compounding
left Lord of Linne with a slight lead of Balham, and Mr.
Ten Broeck's hAse improving his position won by half a
length; ten lengths separated the second and third; The
Principal was fourth ; Dr. Syntax fifth ; the next three were
Turn of Luck, Lavender, and Dunkeld, who walked past
the post. Cock Robin was pulled up, having broken down
badly, and had to be destroyed.
A Sweepstakes of 5 sovs each, with 50 added, for all ages ;
mares and geldings allowed 31b ; the winner to be sold for

500 sovs, if demanded, &c. Half a mile. 8 subs.

Captain Christie's Miss Julia, aged, 9st 41b ..(Fordham) 1
Lord Westmoreland's Merry Hart, 3 yrs, Bst 101 b
(J. Goater) 2
Capt. Handley's Wangle Eye, 2 yrs, 75t.... (H. Covey) 3
Betting-5 to 2on Miss Julia-4 to 1 agst Wangle Eye-
-6 to 1 agst Merry Hart.
Miss Julia made play throughout, and won by three
lengths; a neck between second and third.
The Castle Stakes of 5 sous each, with 30 added, for all ages;
winning penalties and selling allowances. T.Y.C., about
five furlongs. 10 subs.
Marquis of Hastings's Attraction, 2 yrs (£3O) fist

Mr. Poulson's Antonelli, 4 yr
Mr. W. E. Jones's Kin(3o- (J..Grimshaw) 1
(G. Fordham) 2
King of-ss )' 88t
Italy,
3 yrs (£3O), 7st 131 b
Mr. Child's Confusion, 6 yrs (£3 (T. French) 3
Mr. Skipton's Dodana colt, 3 o)2st 71b .. (Custance) 4
Mr. Elphick's Miss yrsNighting 0), Tat Sib (Peppier) 5
, yrs (£3O), Sat 111 b
Mr. J. P. Water's Single Peeper, 5 yrs (£3O), (Elphick) 6
Bst 131 b
Betting-6 to 4on Attraction, sto 1 agst Con(ills?lder) 7
u ion, 6 to
1 agat Antonelli, 10 to 1 agst the Dodona colt.
Attraction made play throughout, and won in a canter by
four lengths; a neck separated the second and third. The
winner was put up by auction, and bought in by the Mar-
quis of Hastings for 460 guineas.
The Railway Nursery Stakes (handicap) of 10 sous each,
5 ft, with 50 added by the London, Brighton, and South
Coast Railway Company, for 2-yr-olds ; winners extra.
T.Y.C., about five furlongs. 33 subs,
Mr. T. Golby's Madame Walton, 7st 81b .... (3. Daley) 1
Mr. H. Bird's Regina, 7st 51b ............ (E. Martin) 2
Mr. Allen's Geduld (h b), 6st 101 b ........ (S. Adams) 3
Mr. George Bryan's Antoinette, 7st 101 b (car. 7st
111 b)
(Custance) 4
The following also ran :—Alamba, Sea Boy, Blight,
Annington, Corinthian Tom, Weatherglass, Mother Bunch,
and Wheldrake.
Betting-9 to 4 agst Wheldrake, 4to 1 each against
Madame Walton and Sea
100 to 8 Boy, 10 to 1 agst Antoinette,
each agst Regina, Corinthian Tom, and Mother
Bunch.

aidwon
b y Mme Wthraleetoinozatiadaesaellpatrhaete
head divided the third and fourth.
rund
thuieustoaunddtholeirvder;lyti

THE RAILWAY ACCIDENT NEAR LYNN.

In the inquest held at the Town-hall, Lynn, on the bodies
of the persons killed on the Lynn and Hunstanton Railway,
the following evidence was taken on Friday after our parcel
was despatched :7

Mr.. Bloomfield's examination was continued. In reply
to Mr. Edwards, he said—l wanted the wire fence at the
place where stock got over to be put up, but was told that
the posts were at the other end. I saw the men at work
last Monday evening. They left off, having knocked down
a fence for 20 or 30 yards and left the line unprotected all
the night. There were three cows in the field when the fence
was knocked down, but the owner of them took them out.
I told the men when the fences were done that they were
of no use. I have seen the stock come over the fence. They
walked over.

By the Jury—The bullocks were short of keep—not
shorter than my neighbour's, but there was plenty of water.
By the Coroner—We have plenty of water in our own
ditches. My attention has been called to the fencing on
other parts of the line, particularly on Mr. Hammond's.
Three weeks ago it was better than ours, because there was
a little water in his drain. We have some fences on the line
capable of keeping out cattle.
Mr. James Platt, locomotive foreman, said—l was in the
train that met with the accident. I was in the fourth car-
riage. I went over the carriages before they started in the
morning. They were all in good working order. I examined
every one. I only go with Wakefield on certain occasions
where there is anything important. The excursion train
was such a case.

to
ethese ciavrer
icaogme
sp. l a i
an,ths
eoyf
carriages. have Edwards—ltrece
i vies
dmnyo
hdeu
ot yf
were all in good order.
By the Coroner—lf the driver had seen the red lights it
would have been his duty to stop at a reasonable distance,
When I have been guard I have been pulled up by the
driver, and I have gone back to stop a following train. If
the fireman put on the break it would be felt as much at the
end of the train as in the centre. The train was coupled
at the station by a porter in my presence. The train might
be pulled up in 400 or 500 yards, but some breaks and en-
gines heavier than others.
By the Coroner—l traced the mark of the bullock undo r
nine carriages. The first mark was on the first class
carriage, on the axle. The bullock lifted the engine, which
would weigh about 16 tons.
On Saturday the following witnesses were examined :
Mr. George Billing said that he was a passenger by the
train when the accident took place, and described what oc-
curred in the third-class carriage in which he was.
John Reeve, station-master at Hunstanton, said—l started
the trains on the night of Monday. Previous to their start-
ing I made an examination to see that the coupling-irons
were all right. They were all safe. It was by an order
from London the train was divided. As to the second train
stopping, it was left to my arrangement. The first train
was to stop at all the stations, and the second train at none,
unless there were passengers who could not get away by
the first train. Then, in point of fact, the last train
would have been the fastest train of the two. I consider
that a proper arrangement. They allowed sufficient time
for the first train nearly to reach Lynn before the
other started. I purposely left the second standing to
allow of 20 minutes to elapse between the two trains.
By Mr. Edwards—l would not stop a train that was
being followed by another unless I was imperatively fbrced
to do it.
By the Coroner—l should not think myself justified in
stopping after I had passed a danger. I should consider, my -
self, that it would be a greater risk in stopping after having
passed a bullock on the side of the line with another train
behind me. I should consider I was risking the safety of
passengers much more. There would have been more dan-
ger to bath trains.
Captain H. W. Tyler, Government Inspector, said he
came down to make his own inspection, but he would put
himself in the hands of the Coroner. lie was then sworn and
said—l examined the line originally, I believe, in September
last. I made a minute examination in regard to the fences.
Between the stations of Lynn and Wootton the ditches,
which are now dry, or nearly dry, were then filled with
water, and where is now a low paling there was a wet ditch
—where there was no water there was a high fencing. The
fences appeared to me to be sufficient to keep cattle off the
line. I have seen the fence this morning, and taken the
dimensions of it. The ditch, which is now dry, is 7ft wide
at the top and 3ft 6in deep, and there is a wooden rail on the
railway side of the ditch 14in high. I think it is not so
good a protection as it might be, but it is not a very bad
fence. It is not all cattle that could get over it. Young
hungry cattle might get over it. I have seen such fences in
Ireland, where the cattle are wilder than they are here. I
have seen in England fences as bad and worse than these, but
as I said before, I think now the ditch is dry there should be
a better fence at the top of the ditch, When I examined the
line I could not tell how dry the ditch would become, and
it would then be the duty of the company to put up such
extra fences as would keep the line safe. I did not exa-
mine Mr. Shear's land. I have been examining the fence
where the bullock got over, by order of the Board of Trade.
I was accompanied by Mr. Robertson and Mr. Sin.
Blair. I have been told that there is no fence at all on
the front of the land occupied by Mr. Shear.
Mr. Edwards—No one could have told him such an in-
famous lie.
Captain Tyler said he would go and examine the place if
it was desired.
A Juryman—We all know there is no fence there.
Captain Tyler's examination continued—lf attention had
been called to the want of fences by a person whose cattle
got upon the line, it was certainly the duty of the company
to have remedied it. I think when the ditches were dry
the fence ought to have been improved. They have plate-
layers on the line, who must be perfectly familiar with the
fences, and must see any cattle if they trespass. Looking
.at the present state of the line as to the fences, and the
proximity of cattle,
1 do not like to say it is absolutely un-
safe, but I think it is capable of improvement.
In reply to Mr. Ward Captain Tyler said--I measured the
ditch in three place, two on this side of the potato patch
and one on the other aide. My object was to get a low
measurement. Those who accompanied me were agents of
the company, but I am pretty well accustomed to open my
own eyes.
By Mr. Edwards—As far as I remember the fences are
the same now as when I inspected the line, except as to
the water and the wire fences in course of construction.
Mr. It. Royston said—I live at North Wootton. lam
well acquainted with the line of railway at Wootton. I have
observed the state of the fences, more particularly opposite
my own land. The line runs nearly a mile along my farm.
I have land on both sides. It is nearly all ploughed land.
The fences are about 51t. high from the level of the ground.
I made an observation to Mr. Valentine one day that the
lambs would run through them. I have put net against
the rails when I put sheep on—rope net, I think I know
te Mr. Blomfield's land. It is all pasture. The morning at
the accident I saw a bull walk on the line, betweeno and
r
6 o'clock. It came out of Mr. Blomfield's pasture. I saw
a man turn it off, and it went back again into the pasture.
It walked over the fence. The fence, in m
cattle s my judgment, is
insufficient to prevent from getting on the line. Bul-
locks in hot weather will seek water, to get into it, when the
flies are teazing. I think the high fence on the line suffi-
cient. A five-foot fence would suit. There are only two
kinds on Mr. Blomfield's farre_a water ditch and low fence
and the high fence; the highest about 5 feet, and the lowest
about a foot. Before the accident I have seen cattle on the
line, sheep very commonly. I
have turned a cow off. That
was about the first week in June. She jumped over the
gate, and I turned her back through it. The gate is about
3ft high, speaking from guess. I have frequently seen sheep
on, from six to ten times. I have not seen cattle on more
than twice. There have been three or four sheep at a time.
There were Mr. Knight's commonly, and John Smith's. I
have seen their fences, and they are not constructed so as to
prevent sheep getting en. The bull I saw on was about a
two. year-old. There are plate-layers usually on the line.
By Mr. Edwards—The height of a farmer's ordinary oc-
cupation gate is somewhere about the height of the railway
gate. 1 was in communication with Mr. Valentine during
the construction of the line, and I did not require of him a
different kind of gate. There were only two occasions on
which I saw cattle on the line. I never made any com-
plaint to the platelayers, whom I saw about the lino daily.
The Coroner thought it was not a case in which notice
was required to be given to the company. They were bound
to maintain the fences by the Act.
Alfred True said—l was guard of the first train that loft
Hunstanton for Lynn last Monday night. Boyce was the
driver. 1 was in charge of the train. We left Hunstanton
at 7.47. When we got beyond Wootton station I did not
hear three whistles. At no part of the journey did 1 hear
three whistles. The only intimation I had of an obstrut
of
on
on the line was that he shut off steam and then put i
again. I looked out, but saw nothing. I did not hear of a
bullock being seen until after the accident. If the driver
had whistled three times I should have applied ray break
It would have taken five or six minutes to stop the train.
We might have gone 200 or 300 yards in doing it. I did not
see Mr. Kendall on the engine. I never saw bullocks on t e
line. I have seen sheep. I was guard of the train when

the horse was killed last February.
By Mr. Edwards—The pony got 012 the lino at Mr. Gay's
crossing. New fences and gates were put there immediately
after the report of the pony being killed.
Geo. Piper, guard of the second train on Monday evening.
—We left Hunstanton at 8 o'clock, and reached Wolferton
at 8.25. We did not stop at Wootton. Wo had proceeded
about a mile and a quarter past Wootton when I heard the
driver whistle for the break. I put it on considerably ; as
full as I could. We went about 90 yards after I heard the
whistle, when the train came suddenly to a stop. I jumped
out of the break and ran up to the train, and found several
carriages were off the road. I then placed the necessary
signals in front and rear of the train, and I afterwards did
all I could to assist the wounded.
By Mr. Pitcher—My break aniwered, but it would not be
powerful enough to bring up a train like that. Had I seen
a danger signal it would have taken four or five minutes to
stop my train. I could have stopped it in 500 yards.
By Captain Tyler—We were going 25 miles an hour.
Mr. Platt recalled said—The break•power on the train
was the tender break, and the break behind the train. It
would have been better with another break. Two were suf.
cient to stop it, but not sufficiently quick for the approach-
ing danger. In my judgment, as a practical man, Ido not

consider there was sufficient break-power to either of those

trains.
By Mr. Pitcher—With extra break-power it would have
been dangerous to have stopped the train.
Frederick Kemp said—l am sub-inspector of permanent
way. I knew Mr. Shear of Gaywood. He once made a
complaint to me at Middletoa that his heifer jumped over
the drain. That was about the middle of April. There is
no fence, there is a drain. One portion of it is 12 feet wide,
and the narrowest part is 9 feet wide. There is generally
a good supply of water from the lock. When he com-
plained in April last there was water in the drain, as
much as there is now-16 inches on an average. The
drain is four feet deep. Mr. Shear did not request me tt;
put up a fence. He never complained to me but once, and
I told him I would attend to it. I meant I would see where
the stock got on. I examined it, and I considered it suffi-
cient to keep out any stock. I set men to clean out a
part of the drain. I have heard that the bullocks and
sheep have been is the habit of going on the line. I have
heard it from the platelayers. 1 got a note from one of
them, and I went down on the Monday morning. I asked
the platelayer where the place was, and he could not tell me.
I do not think that a bullock could get over the fence with-
out breaking it. I told the platelayer to place a man there
to get to know whether the cattle did come on the line there.
I have had no report from him. I understand there was a
bullock on the morning after the accident, and he broke one
rail by going over the rail into the drain. The company are
putting up a wire fence further on. I told the platelayer to
ask Mr. Blomfield to take his cattle out for a week, as there
was a more durable fence being put up. I think the fence
is sufficient to keep cattle off the line.

William Gnuth, labourer, said—Elvin, foreman of plate-
layers, told me to go and keop the stock off the line any-
where where there was any likelihood of their getting on.
I went last Monday week about noon. I went against Mr.
Blomfield's land. I kept walking backwards and forwards
between Mr. Hamond's and Mr. Blomfield's land all the
day. I left off after the trains had all passed—at 9. There
were some bullocks in Mr. Blomfield's field. There might
be 20. I did not see any come on. There were none got on
that day that I saw. On Tuesday I went at 6 o'clock in the
morning, and kept walking up and down all day. I saw
nothing all that day. I went about a mile backwards and
forwards. I did the same every day up to this day. I was
there the day the accident happened. I was where there
was some fencing pulled up. It was Mr. Sherringham's land
at Massingham. There were no bullocks on Blomfield's
field last Monday night when I left it at half•past 5. I was
watching the stock on Mr. Sherringham's land and the
sheep on Wootton Common. I stopped at Mr.Sherringham's
land all night. The company aro putting up a wire fence
there about 4ft. high. That will keep in bullocks and sheep
too. There is a ditch behind it.
By Mr. Edwards—There are five men on beside me.
By Captain Tyler—From Mr. Sherringham's land to the
place where the accident happened is nearly a mile.
By Mr. Pitcher—l had directions to stop at Mr. Sher-
ringham's land all night.
By Mr. Edwards—l left Mr. Blomfield's pasture about
half-past 5. and there were no cattle then in it.

By the Coroner—The platelayers there that morning
were Elvin, Riches, Laws, Clark, Farrow, and Woods.
They were at work just where the accident happened. I
did not hear any of them complain of running a bullock off
the line that morning.
Mr. Richard Ragge__l am proprietor of land adjoining
the Lynn and Runstanton Railway. I think it was in the
beginning of this year I wrote to Mr. Simpson, the chair-
man of the company, on the subject of the fences. The
reply was, as far as I recollect, that he would write to Mr.
Durrant, who would see to it, Some posts were put into
my sea marshes, but none whatever between Saywood and
Lynn. In my judgment, the fence of the land in Shear's
occupation is not sufficient to prevent cattle passing over.
Jeremiah Elvin, foreman platelayer, said,—On Monday
last I was at work about 100 yards from where the accident
happened. I saw a bullock on the line just before the 11.15
train passed for Lynn. I sent a man to put it off. I saw
it off. I got over the fence. I was 300 yards from the bul-
lock, and the train was beyond the bullock, and not above
100 yards off it. I had a complaint of bullocks being on
the line from Mr. Bluefield this day fortnight. I had a
complaint also from Mr. Shear and Mr. Sherringham's
shepherd.

By Captain Tyler—l told Smith to go where there was
no fence, as, seeing there was no stock on Mr. Blomfield's
land, I thought where the fence was down was the most
dangerous place.
By Mr. Edwards—l asked Mr. Blomfield to remove his
stock until the wire fence was put up to his land, and he
would not. There were six men daily at work at the fence.
Mr. Blomfield wanted us to begin there, but we had made a
start at the other end.
Wm. March, a shoemaker, said—On the Tuesday after
the accident, at half-past 1, I was in the lane leading to
the line from the clergyman's house. I saw several bullocks
in a field, and ono was feeding in the dike next to the rail-
s ay. Another went into the ditch, and then up, and' put
its feet over the fence and went on the middle of the rails
as quickly as I now tell you, It appeared to do it without
any difilculty whatever, but the police shouted, and the
beast walked back again.
William Bird, of Hillington-square, corroborated the pre-
vious witness. The beast got over better than witness
could.

Mr. J. S. Valentine, C.E., said the fences on the Lynn
and Hunstanton line bad engaged his serious attention. He
believed they were efficient, and that cattle could not stray
upon the line. He had had a continued interest in the line,
and had been frequently upon it. As an engineer he had
frequently travelled upon the engine. He never saw cattle,
but he once saw a lamb early in the spring. He had many
years' experience both in the country and abroad, and he
had no personal experience of an accident arising from
cattle on the line. The fence of which so much had been
said was a fence commonly used on lines which run through
a marshy district. On the Lynn and Ely line no fences
besides ditches were put at all.
By Mr. Pitcher—Moat unquestionably, with the know-
ledge I have now, I should put up a higher fence.
By Mr. Edwards—lt is impracticable to fence against
lambs.

The Coroner called attention to a case against the Great
Western Railway in" Queen's Bench Reports," N. S., page
367, when it was held that lambs having been killed the
company were bound to provide fences which would keep
them out.

Mr, Valentine said, in reply to Mr. Ward, that the ditch

in front of Mr. Blomfield's field was cut as a ditch, and not
for getting soil for the embankment. The line was not

opened until the Inspector of the Board of Trade went over
it, and had it not been properly made the inspector would
not have allowed it to be opened.
At the conclusion of Mr,Valentine's evidence the inquest
was adjourned until Monday.
The Government inspector and several of the jury went
over the line on Saturday evening. Captain Tyler will re-
port to the coroner on Monday.