The Sun.
London, England, 1863-11-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 10, 1863.

p 0 NOW FORGET YOUR APPOINTMENT.
—We Sup at EVANS', Covent-garden, aLer Jullien's
concert.

PARIS.-THE GRAND HOTEL,
Boulevard des Capucines, Place de Nouvelle Opera,
opposite the Rue de la Pais, and near the Theatres.
Has been opened since July, 1862. It contains 700 bed-
rooms, prices from 4fr. to 251 r.; 70 dra wing-rooms, from Str.
to 301 r. ; a magnificent salon, capable of dining more than
300 persons, and where there is a table d'hote at six o'clock.
Dinners and breakfasts are served a la carte in the coffee-
rooms, as well as in the 'apartments. There is a reading-
room with the best English and foreign papers and publics
tions, a music-room, and a drawing-room for the use of tra-
vellers without any additional charge. There are also batus,
billiard-rooms, smoking divans, post-office ; cabs, carriages,
and omn buses going to the railway stations. The servants
speak all languages. This superb hotel, possessing all that
modern luxury and comfort can combine, and situated in the
mort fashionable part of Paris, is recommended to the atten-
tion of travellers.

Independently of their Two Hotels, the Compagnit, Immo-
biliere has established an extensive Private Furnish* d House
on the Boulevard des Capucines, opposite the ROTUNDA of
the GRAND HOTEL, where Families can reside as in their
own private residences, and where they may rely upon find-
ing the utmost comfort.

TEAST INDIA IRRIGATION Rtd
1. CANAL COMPANY.—NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN,
that the FIFTH ORDINARY GENERAL MEETING of
the Shareholders of the East India Irrigation and Canal Com-
pany will be held at the LONDON TAVER N, Bishopsgate-
street, in the City of London, on MONDAY, the 60th day of
November instant, at One o'clock precisely.
The Transfer Books of the Company will be Closed from
the 20th to the 30th instant, both days inclusive.
By order of the Board of Directors,
JOHN WESTWOOD, Secretary.
27, Cannon-street, London, E.C., Nov. 4.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

most fastidious can desire, especially for the ladies and chil-
dren. The main deck, on which the troops will be berthed,
is of great height from the planking of the deck to the lower
part of the upper deck iron beams, and the means of venti-
lation, in which the roomy hatchways of the ship largely
assist, are as perfect as can be wished for on board ship.
The arrangements of the messes and the sleeping arrange-
ments are according to the excellent regulations laid down
by the Horse Guards and the Hon. Council for India. The
rank and file are messed and sleep forward of the main
hatchway ; next aft are the staff, non-commissioned offi-
cers, &c., and abaft all, and screened in to themselves, are
berthed the women and children. The officers and crew of
the ship are berthed on the upper deck, the former in the
usual house cabins amidships, and the crew under a roomy
forecastle forward. The upper deck of the ship is very
much arched with sluice waterways below the level of the
deck, so that no large quantities of water can ever be washed
across it in rough weather at sea. The stock of water car-
ried in the hold is 244 tons, and the ship also carries a fresh
water distilling apparatus in the galley capable of furnishing
60 gallons per day. The fore and mainmasts are of iron, and
the mizen is of wood. The rigging and gear aloft are to all
appearance of the best quality. The fora and maintopsails
are Cunningham's patent. The boats are fitted with Clif-
ford's patent lowering apparatus, of the efficiency of which
at sea the officers on board speak, from their past experience,
in enthusiastic terms. The ship's ground tackle consists of a
Trotman and common anchor in use, with the usual spare
gear, All the cables on board were officially tested before
leaving the Victoria Docks. In the gale of Friday the ship
was brought to an anchor under Dungeness, the Trotman
anchor being let go. This, the ship's officers state, never
moved an inch after touching the ground, although it was
their belief that the common anchor would not have held
the ship in the position she was then in against the gale.
Should the weather be favourable, the King Arthur will
start on her voyage from Portsmouth this afternoon.
The Rajah of Cochin, hired transport, is expected to ar-
rive at Spithead at an early hour this morning from Liver-
pool, and will immediately on arrival be towed into Ports-
mouth harbour and embark the remainder of the 55th Re-
giment and detachments for Madras.

The screw steam transport Sea King, taken up by the
War Department for the conveyance of troops and artillery
supplies for Auckland, New Zealand, yesterday shipped a
large portion of her stores, consisting of ono complete bat-
tery of 12 pounder Armstrong guns, and one 6 pounder bat-
tery, for effective service in the bush and over the soft and
cultivated part of the country infested by the insurgent
tribes, and inaccessible to the ordinary artillery. She like-
wise shipped 40 sheep, 30 pigs, iOO dozen of poultry, and an
abunndant stock of preserved meats and milk, for 151 days'
supply, should any unforeseen mishap prolong the'voyage
beyond the anticipated term of 60 or 65 days. Lieut.-Col.
Williams, under orders to proceed in the Sea King to take up
the command of the Royal Artillery in New Zealand, has
been provided with commodious accommodation for himself
and family, but on account of the indisposition of one of his
children his family will follow him on a future opportunity.
On account of the forward state of the embarkation the
order for their departure on Thursday next was yesterday
changed to Wednesday. The battery will consequently go
on board this morning, and the ehip will leave the pier on
the following morning for Gravesend.

The Royal factories at Woolwich have commenced ma-
nufacturing guns of the new kind ordered by the War De-
partment. A number of the old hands discharged some
time ago, have been re-engaged, and the work is ordered to
be carried on night and day to insure despatch.

had never seen one of the insects, which were de-
scribed by the natives as a long-bodied fly, which
became very plentiful after the rainy season, and
sometimes decimated their flocks of goats. The read-
ing of the paper was concluded amid loud applause.
An interesting conversation took place, in which
Mr• M`Queen, Captain Maury, Mr. Crawford, Sir
E. Belcher, the Bishop of Natal, and Earl Donough-
more took part.

The Baron von DECKEN, in reply to various
questions, said there were no horses nor donkeys in
the regions about Kilimanjaro, but there were
plenty of cattle and sheep. Corn, potatoes, and
bananas grew there, and the sugar cane in the
lower parts, but he saw no wild coffee plants. The
rainy season lasted for 10 months out of the 12.

The CHAIRMAN, on behalf of the meeting, thanked
the Baron von Decken for his very interesting paper.
Mr. TLINE,'a relative of the Dutch ladies now
travelling in Central Africa, stated that he had re-
ceived letters from them dated the Ist of July, in
which they announced that the whole party were
in excellent health, and intending to proceed to-
wards a mountain they had heard of called Cazurja,
of which there was no geographical knowledge. The
country through which they had passed, south-west
by west of Khartoum, was very picturesque, and the
Nyam Nyam country to which they were bound
was said io be very fruitful. The ladies had left
their boats on the Nile, and the rainy season lasting
until November, they did not expect to return to
them before January or February. The latest de-
spatches from Dr. Baikie to Earl Russell, and a
letter from the late Dr. Vogel to his mother, which,
altbough dated in 1853, was interesting, as giving
an account of the habits of the natives, were also
read, after which the meeting adjourned.

OPENING OF THE SPANISH CORTES.

The following is the speech delivered by the
Queen of Spain on opening the Cortes :
_ _

Senators and Deputies,—lt is always with great
pleasure that I see myself in the midst of the Na-
tional Representation, an institution accessible to
all constitutional opinions who exercise a legitimate
and advantageous influence over the Government
of the State and a secure guide for the throne,
which, with its support, pacifically solves the most
arduous problems, and wards off the most formi-
dable conflicts. Let us, therefore, continue to
devote ourselves with solicitude to the improvement
of our institutions.

ci My Government will take the initiative in pro-
posing to you reforms recommended by experience,
with the assurance that my most ardent duty is to
be acquainted with the sincere expression of the
national wish, in order that I may successfully
fulfil the exalted mission which it has pleased Pro-
vidence to confide to me.

6, At the expiration of the legislative mandate of
the last Congress, fresh elections took place within
the delay fixed by the Constitution. The electors
came great numbers to deposit their votes in the
urns in
without any complications, which I deplore,
having disturbed order in the midst of the natural
animation of the equal struggle of ideas, which is
that which constitutes the real life of free nations.
This is a proof of the progress which constitutional
education has made among us, and of the inaugura-
tion of public habits in harmony with the exigencies
of the representative regime. To this flattering
result, the work of a series of years, all the legiti-
mate
together rendered signal
services
ro honeaavned to liberty have, by com-
bining ttrheiteirse hhe w
tfforts, doubtless contributed. All,
therefore, merit on my part the same esteem and
the same confidence.
Our relations with the foreign Powers are
pacific and friendly. My aspirations constantly
tend of the national honour,
and ttop7oatieuettaiSnptahne ig
isdhrnigithyts and interests.
Gevernent will
Senators political Sand administrative
rs and Depu
Y m
present
to to
you different
bills. Among them is that which tends to defini-
tively fix
the constitutional reform voted by the
Cortes, and sanctioned by me in 1857, although
hitherto suspended in some of its provisions.
"The measure of my Government restores to the
co-legislative bodies the prerogative of reforming
its regulations, and it maintains the title of heredi-
tary senator, but without introducing a regime of
privilege into our system of successions.
There will be also laid before you the bases of
the organisation of the tribunals of common law and
the reform of the military jurisdiction, without in
any way encroaching on the true interests of tha
army and navy, which are so worthy of my mater-
nal solicitude, and of the gratitude of the country.
,6 Thus will be realised a great reform long called
for by public opinion, and necessary in order to
harmonise the administration of justice with our
fundamental institutions, all the jurisdictions re-
maining within their natural limits, and with the
practical application of the principle of judicial
immovability the watchword of the constitution of
the monarchy.
" To those bases will be united those of the criminal
jurisdiction, in which, without diminishing the rights
of society and of defence, but on the contrary giv-
ing them more security, the administration of jus-
tice will be facilitated, and, by the help of appeal
for cessation, the observance of the law will be
maintained, and its interpretation rendered uniform
in all the tribunals. As a complement of those
bases, there will be also submitted to you the
organisation of the tribunals of commerce, and those
bills taken together, when they shall have become
laws, will constitute one of the most important and
the most devoted of my reign.
My Government will also submit to your ex-
amination the law on municipal authorities and
corporations, in which, by following the spirit which
presides over that of the organisation of the pro-
vincee, and by giving more latitude to the action of
the municipalities, local and general interests will
be reconciled. The march of the administration
will be thus rendered less embarrassing, and the
work of decentralisation will be completed so far
as it shall be compatible with tha moral, political,
and permanent interests of the State, and with the
duty of the Government to watch over the execu-
tion of the laws.

" I rely on your giving your attention to the
bill which will be presented to you by my Govern-
meat relative to the exercise of the liberty of the
press, and to another measure of public order,
which, by removing all that is doubtful and arbi-
trary in the present regime, fixed
will subject to
11 rules the suspension of constitutional guarantees,
and even establish by that exceptional situation
enactments to protect individual rights.
"Other important projects will be laid before
you, and among others that of the electoral law,
the codification of the waters,
military substitutes,
the creation of the rural guard, expropriation for
works of public utility, grants for irrigations,
abolition of the monopoly of powder, and the re-
form of the octroi and tax on industry.
"In execution of the provisions of constitu-
tion, there will be submitted to you for examina-
tion a bill which fixes the strength of the army
and navy, and the amount of the State budget.
You will find in it no reductions as compared with
preceding budgets; the inevitable increase of the
ordinary wants which actually coincides with the
decrease;in the colonial surpluses, causes a deficiency
which cannot be filled up except by reforms of
such taxes as are susceptible of being made more
productive.
At periods of encouragement and of progress
like ours, in which immense material ameliorations
are undertaken and executed, sacrifices which
they require must be submitted to, in the confi-
dence that under the those shadow of peacb
sacri-
fices will bAargely Compensated for by tiro ulterior
development of the public riches.
,4 The respect of my Government for the col:sti-
tution and for the laws, the prudence and reason 01
the Spanish people, the discipline and fidelity of

the army and navy, and the great interests created,
happily remove all apprehension of disturbance
That desirable tranquillity has not been disturbed
except in the island of Santo Domingo, and my
Government has sent the necessary reinforcements
and funds for that conflict. _ .

"The honour of our flag must be preserved in-
tact, and I em certain of being the faithful inter-
preter of the national sentiments in sending from
this place the testimony of my gratitude, and of my
sympathies to the brave soldiers who, trampling
under foot a thousand sufferings, maintains in all its
eclat the honour of our arms, and shed their gene-
rous blood to support the name of the Spanish army.
" My Government is occupying itself with the
improvement of the administration of the colonial
provinces, which are the constant object of my soli-
citude. The special Ministry created for that pur-
pose will powerfully contribute to the development
of their prosperity and of their riches, with the
same zeal with which it has endeavoured to repair
the disastrous effects of the earthquake at Manilla,
which has left on my maternal heart such a pain-
ful impression.

" I hope, gentlemen, senators, and deputies, that
God, in his mercy, will favour my projects for the
happiness of our dear country. I rely on your co-
operation, full of confidence in your Spanish loyalty.
My gratitude is equally great towards this great
nation, as jealous of its independence and of its
glory as it is worthy of being happy and pros-
perous.
" It has surrounded my cradle and defended my
right, imposing on myself the sacred duty, which I
fulfil with eagerness,
of giving to its happines prio-
rity over my own and over that of my children.
Lastly, it has invested me with the personification
of its new social state, and has identified me with
the constitutional institutions of which I shall
always be the shield and the support."

WHO DISCOVERED PHOTOGRAPHY ?

A bewildering revelation has suggested this in-
quiry to the Saturday Review, and is thus com-
mented upon by our contemporary
It has hitherto been considered a curious coinci-
dence that the process of taking permanent photo-
graphic pictures was discovered simultaneously in
England and France by Mr. Fox Talbot and M.
Daguerre—the former producing his pictures on
paper, the latter on silvered metal plates. Their
results were made public in 1839, and were respec-
tively called Talbotypes and Daguerrotypes. Prior
to this date, many scientific men had diligently
worked at the subject. The camera had been in-
vented at least 300 years before ; and the influence
of light on the salts of silver was certainly known
as early as the 16th century. But those investiga-
tors who recorded the results of their labours only
chronicled a succession of failures in their endea-
vours to render permanent the pictures obtained
the latest confession of failure in this essential part
of the process being that made by Sir Humphrey
Davy in 1802.
At the meeting of the London Photographic So-
ciety, on Tuesday last, a large gathering of photo-
graphers assembled to ascertain what foundation
there might be for rumours which have been for
some time afloat concerning the discovery of certain
undoubted sun-pictures taken at the close of the
last century, and the very existence of which up to
the present time would afford sufficient evidence of
their durability. The whole history of the curious
circumstances connected with the discovery of these
pictures was related by Mr. Smith, Curator of the
Museum of Patents at South Kensington, to whom
belongs the credit of rescuing from impending de-
struction the numerous specimens exhibited. With
most praiseworthy industry he collected every scrap
of evidence, direct and corroborative, in order to
determine the means by which the exhibited pic-
tures were produced, the time when, and the person
by whom, they were taken. The story of the find-
ing of them may be briefly told, but nothing has
yet been discovered as to how they were done.
For purposes connected with his department, Mr.
Smith had to visit the old house at Soho, near Bir-
mingham, where the renowned engineering manu-
factory of Watt ani Baulton was originally esta-
blished. The works were about to be removed,
and a clearing out of the house was being effected.
It may be mentioned, en passant, that it was here
the famous body the Lunar Society, which included
among its members the chief scientific men of the day,
held their meetings on the night of every full moon;
and the dismantling of the library disclosed traces
which led the initiated to believe that these meetings
had something of the nature of Freemason Lodges.
It certainly seems reasonable to conjecture that
many matters, scientific and otherwise, were dis•
cussed at the meetings of such eminent men, other
than are set down in the meagre records of the
transactions of the Lunar Society.
Matthew Boulton resided at Soho until his death
in 1809. His library and its contents appear
en
to
have remain undisturbed for half a century, w
in the course of clearing out, and whilst removing
a vast collection of old documents, there were found
a number of crumpled and folded sheets of paper
with pictures on them of a most puzzling kind—so
entionSmith,
much so as to attract the att
he not being either an artist or photographer, and,
d at the time with far
moreover, being fully oes Smoothing out these pie-
different business. On
tures,they were found to consist of copies, on large
sheets of very coarse foolscap paper, of certain well
known designs by
Angelina Kanffmann
the porous watermarked paper being thickly
coated with some
varnish-like substance, on
the surface of which the picture had been
the sheets found in the library,
produced. All
as well as others subsequently discovered, presented
aracters—a glossy surface with minute
the same ch
varnish like cracks, the drawing of the figures most
the lights and shades so fully
rendered fin
i
elaborately
to give much the effect of a mezzotint, and
shed,
an invariable reversal of the position of the figures
so that all the Nymphs and Cupids (Kauffmann's,
pet subjects) appeared to be left-handed. These
paper pictures were sent to London, and submitted
to the best authorities on the subjects of drawing
and painting ; and here the mystery about them
began, for they were pronounced to have been pro-
duced by some process entirely different from any-
thing previously seen, and certainly
been done by hand. This led to not to have
immediate search
being made for any more of the pictures that
might exist, and also to inquiries, among the oldest
inhabitants, for any one who had lived at Soho
in the time of Boulton, and could supply any in-
formation about them.
In a broker's shop were found several more of the
pictures, which had been brought from the house
as waste paper. One of these represented a large
figure picture by West, and was on two sheets of
paper, each about 2ft. by 18in., intricately cut at
the joining place so that the line of union might
fall at the edge of a shadow, and not be perceived
when the two halves were put together to form the
complete picture. Further research at Soho also
led to the discovery of a couple of silvered-metal
plates, each about the size of a sheet of note-pa Per,
precisely resembling in appearance those used by
Daguerre iu the early days of photogr.apali:e.
On each of these plates was a faint
of the house at Soho, so unmistakeably taken
from nature, and so evidently produced by
at once
the aid
of light, that all experts of any
authority'
joiietures taken
pronounced them to be photographed
directly by means of a Attached to these
plates was a memorandum stating that they were
sun-pictures representing the house prior to certain
Following out their
alterations made in 1791.
search as to the mean by
which these pictures Were
s
ators learnt that there had
the investigators
produced, amera in Boulton's
once been found a c library,
answering in description to. the kind of instrument
required for plates of this size. Unfortunately this
been given away, and great va9 the hunt to