The Sun.
London, England, 1863-06-23 00:00:00

Marriages.

BRETON—SLADE.—On the 20th inst., at Saint Mary'gs
Brompton Alexander Gordon, youngest son of the Rev.
Edward Ireton, rector of Charmouth, Dorset, to Florence
Barbara, youngest daughter of Sir Frederic Slade, Bart.,
Q.C., 46, Onslow-square.
GoonsoN—PEACOCK.—Ontuhnege2sOt thinst., at Denston,
Suffolk, Mr. William Goodson, of the Burton Hotel,
To Cheapside, to Kate, thedaughter of Mr. Geo.
Peacock, late of Stansfield, Suffolk,

Deaths.
DOSSETOR.—On the 21st inst., Thomas Dossetor, Esq., of
the Poultry, London, aged 76.
GoLDING.--On the 21st inst., at his residence, 13oltons,
West Bronapton, Benjamin Golding, MD., aged 69.
HAN LE l —Os.,
nqthaeg2eod 56thin.st., at Highbury,William Lucag
Hanley,
SNELLING.—On the 20th inst., at Havant, Hants, Win'
Snelling, Esq., aged 66.
STONE,—On the 20th inst., at Streatly House, Berke,
Henry Stone, Esq., aged 64.

London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM AN
of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office, NO- 11'";
Strand, in the Precinct of the 3avoy, in the County °'
114141emex.— Tuesday: June 23, isfa

N°. 22,148.

BURST AND BLACK ETT'S STANDARD LIBRARY.
Now ready, Illustrated by Millais, 55., bound,
MIS TRESS AND MAID, by the Author of
"JOHN HALIFAX, GENTLE :J AN," forming the
New Volume of "Hurst and Blackett's Standard Library of
Cheap Editions of Popular Modern Works."
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.
•

NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF "NO-CHURCH."
Now-ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
CHURCH AND CHAPEL.
By the Author of
" No Church," "Owen : a Waif," drc.
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street

THE HON. MRS. NORTON'S NEW NOVEL.
Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols.,
THIRD EDITION of "LOST AND SAVED."
By the Hon. MRS. NORTON.
" Lost and Saved ' will be read wit a
h eager inter
novel est by
those who love a touching story. It is vigorous ."
Times.
" A work of such rare excellence that it would create a stir
among novel readers even if it had not Mrs. Norton's name
on the title page en
Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

Now ready, fcap. Bvo., price 58.,
LIFE, LAW, AND. LITERATURE.
Essays on various Subjects.
By WILLIAM G. T. BAIITtIt, Esq., Barrister-at-Law.
London : Bell and Daldy, 185, Fleet-street.

Now ready at all the Libraries,
A NEW NOVEL, BY THE REV. J. PYCROFT,
Author of " Twenty Years in the Church,"
DR A GON'S TEETH
2 vols., post Bvo., cloth boards, price 21s.

THEATRE ROYAL DRURY-LANE,
JUNE 39, 1863.
A Grand MELANGE DRAMATIQUE will take place in
AID of the FUNDS for a NATIONAL METROPOLITAN
MONUMENT to SHAKESPEARE', under the immediate
Patronage of their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Prin-
cess of Wales, before whom 60 eminent artistes will have the
honour of appearing. —Hon. Sec., Mr. Adolphus Francis, 43,
Cumberland-street, Hyde-park.

T H 0 X F OR D,
e, OXFORD STREET.
Will be performed Selections from the following Operas :
LA CIRCASSIENNE, MARTHA., and
MASANIELLO.

Supported by Miss Russell, Miss Townley, Miss Ellison,
Messrs. Albert, Green, Bernardi, Huish, Kimberley, and
W. Evans, with full band and chorus.
Conducted by Mr. Jonghmans.
Drew Dean's Flute Solos
Master Sanders, the Juvenile. Vocalist.
UNSWORTH, the modern Demosthenes.

Eugene, W. Randall, J. Hutchenson, and the marvellous
ARTHUR and BERTRAND.

The lIALL has been newly Decorated and Ventilated, and
is now one of the most Beautiful in the Metropolis.

CANTERBURY HALL AND
FINE ARTS GALLERY.
NOTICE.— ENTIRE CHANGE OF ENTERTAINMENT.
This Evening the Marvellous ARTBUR and BERTRAND,
the Two French Clowns.

ARTHUR LLOYD'S burlesque
him. Drama, arranged expressly
for
A. B. HOLLINGSWORTH'S new Comicalities, Sze,
SAM COLLINS, with new Songs.
UNSWORTH, the celebrated Stump Orator.
EUGENE, and G. HUTCHINSON.

THE EGYPTIAN COMMERCIAL AND
TRADING COMPANY (Limited).
To be Incorporated, with Limited Liability, under "The
Companies Act, 1862."
Capitol £2,000,000, in 100,000 Shares of £2O each.
Payment on allotment £2 per Share.
The Capital has been subscribed, with the exception of 25,000
Shares, which have been reserved for issue to the public by
the International Financial Society.
DIRECTORS.
President—FL H. Prince HAMM PASHA, late Governor of
the Soudan.
John Cater, Esq., Director of the Bank of Egypt, London.
E. Dervieu, Esq. (E. Dervieu and Co.), Alexandria.
J. W. Larking. Esq , London.
R. Oppenheim, Esq. (Oppenheim, Nephew, and Co.), Alex-
andria.
R. Rose, Esq. (Briggs and Co.), Alexandria.
W.
Ruyssenaers, Dutch Consul-General, lexandrHenry and
ia.
W. F. Scholfield, Etq., London (late A. and S.
Co., Manchester).
R. Sulzbach, Esq., Frankfort O.M.
Alexander Tod. Esq., London (Tod, Rathbone, and Co.,
Egypt; and Stephen Kennard and Co., London).
MANAGER.
M. Sakakini, Esq. (Sakakini Brothers), Cairo.
AGENTS.
Messrs. Fruhling and Goschen, London.
M.M. Marcuard, Andre, and Co.,Paris.
The Bank of Saxe Meiningen, rankfort
BANKERS.
. Messrs. Glyn. Mills, and Co.
SOLICITORS.
Messrs. Bircham, Dalrymple, Drake, and Ward, 46,
Parliament-street, Westminster.
PROSPECTUS.
Encouraged by the desire of the Government of his High-
ness the Viceroy of Egypt, several Commercial Houses and
Society have united to farm this Company:—
The International Financial Society, London.
Messrs. Fruhling and Goschen, London.
Messrs. Marcuard, Andre, and Cie., Paris.
Mr. W. F. Jaeger, Franc fort.
Mr. S. Sulzbach, Frankfort.
Messrs. Oppenheim, Nephew, and Cie., Alexandria.
Messrs. Dervieu and Cie., Alexandria.
The object of the Company is tO devote special attention to
the development of Commerce with Upper t, Nubia, the
.Egyp
Soudan, and adjoining countries, as well as the bordethose rs ofd
is-
the
Red Sea, and to establish trading relations with
tricts, the enormous resources of which—t
render i needless o
enter into a lengthened description.
The Company will buy or exchange the produce,s whch
consists of cotton, coffee, sugar, rice, tobacco,oils,
Ivory, scans, beeswax, ostrich feathers, gold dust, silk, in-
digo, Sc.
The Viceroy of Egypt has, by the grant of' a liberal subsidy,
called into existence a Steam Navigation Company for the
Red Sea and the Nile he is also about, with the view of as-
sisting -
the operations of this Company, to complete, at
own expense, telegraphic communication between Alexandria
and all the principal stations which have been selected for
the operations of the Company, extending to Khartoum, the
farthest town of importance in the interior of Africa within
the limits of Egyptian territory, and to Taka on the frontiers
of Abyssinia.
By these means the difficulty of communication, hitherto
existing, will be removed, a- d means of transport greatly
facilitated. It will be an object of this Company to encou-
rage all enterprises which will tend to provide means of
rapid transport, whether by steamers, railways, canals, or
by the organisation of caravans. It will also be an object of
the Company to encourage, by the advance of money to cul-
tivators, importation of seed, establishment of cotton gins,
.&0., the cultivation of cotton in Upper Egypt, where there
exist immense tracts of land capable of producing it to al-
most any extent. The population in those districts is nume-
rous and industrious.
It is a well-ascertained fact that, in Upper Egypt and the
Soudan, cultivators and traders can afford to borrow money
at 4 and 5 per cent. per month, and still amass considerable
wealth.
The Company intend to establish agencies on both coasts
of the Red Sea. On the Arabian coast Dgeddah has been
selected as a ace of merce. n the coast oi
Abyssinia agepnciesrincipal willpl also beenblishedO at Kossier, Sa-
Wakim, and Massawah.
The trading- operations of the Company will extend from
Cairo up the Nile, as far as possible into the interior of Africa,
following the courses of the White and Blue Nile, whilst
communication will be carried on between the interior and
the Red Sea, and its east and west coasts.
It is intended to commence operations below Siout, ex-
tending gradually upwards, employing the capital, in the
first instance, by making advances to cultivators in Upper
gypt,
qu op
ainted, anderations witwhich, being highly lucrative, which the Alexandrian Directors are
Well ac at once
insure a large interest on the capital employed.
The capital of the Company will be gradually called. up as
Its operations are extended.
Mr. Sakakini, who has for many years carried on, and is
thoroughly acquainted with, the trade of Upper Egypt and
its adjoining countries, has consented to aot temporarily as
manager, in order to give the Company the advantage•of his
experience in the organisation of a sufficient and competent
staff.
The Articles of Association will provide for a defined and
limited participation by the Directors in the profits, after
payment of interest, on the capital called up, and the houses
who have founded the Company will be entitled to the privi-
lege of taking one-third of any further issue of Shares, sub-
ject to which all new Shares will be distributed pro rata
amongst the existing Shareholders.
Applications for Shares must be made to the International
Financial Society (Limited), at their Offices, 54, Old Broad-
street, E.C.
No application will be received after Saturday, 20th June,
at 12 noon.
London, June, 1863.
FOltm OF APPLICATION FOR SHARES.
To the Directors of the(L International Financial Society
imited).
Gentlemen,—I request you to allot me Shares of £2O
in the Egyptian Commercial and Trading Company (Limited),
and I hereby agree to become a member of that Company,
and to accept such Shares, or any lees number that may be
allotted me, and I request that my name may be placed
on th. 2 esterßegi of Members in respect of the Shares allotted
to me.
am, Gentlemen, your obedient servant,
I Name in full
No. Address in full ........
Reference ....
Date

GRAND SELECTIONS from OP.ERAS, GLEES, and
CANTATAS

Y ; Mr. Green,
Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Miss Townie
Signor Rune', and Signor
Conductor, Mr. Jonghmans.
Admission—Hall, 6d. ; stalls and balcony, is,

ROYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE. Miss
M‘Greg,or, Messrs. Albert, Vernon, Rigby, &c.,
with Full Chorus and Band of 60 Performers.

ROYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE.—THIS
EVENING, and during the Week, at Half-past Ten,
the FAIRY FOUNTAIN. "It is indeed a remarkable and
beautiful spectacte."—lllustrated London News.

ROYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE.—Trium-
phant Success of the marvellous RISARELIS and
LES TROIS NICHOLETS.

ARGYLL RO 0 M S.-JULLIEN'S
PROMENADE CONCERTS.
NOTlCE.—During the Week the Selections will be—" Der
Frieschutz "—" !:a. Forza del Destino "—" Il Trovatore "

"Don Giovanni," &o. __ _ ........_
LEVY, the great wonder on the Cornet-a-Piston, plays
from half-past Nine to Twelve.

Admission, is.

WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS.

QOUTIMATE and BARRETT will SELL, by
AUCTION, at their ROOMS. 22, Fleet-street, TO-
MORROW (WEDNESDAY), at One o'clock, by order of
Mr. R. Ackerman, of Regent-street, who is retiring from
business in favour of his sons, a COLLECTION of WAT ell-
COLOUR DRAWINGS, including Fifty Military Subjects
by H. Martens, many Engraved ; 120 large Military Scenes
by Orlando Norie, very talented ; 18 Views in London by G.
S. Shepherd, a series of interesting and highly .finished
Drawings ; numerous examples by
Dewint, Varley, Rolfe, Holland,
Weigall, Stephanoff; Pyne, Allen,
Baynes, Evans, Ince, Corbonld,
IV estall, Buckley, Barrett, I ). Cox,
Cotman, Duncan, Warman, Powell.
and others ; Chinese Drawings, on rice paper; Sporting, by
Aiken, &c , &c.
Catalogues forwarded on receipt of two stamps.

MR. T. CARRICK begs to announce to his
Artist Friends and the Public, that his Photographic
hstablishment, 32, Regent-street, Piccadilly-circus, is now
in full operation.
Cartes de Visite, 10 for 10s. 6d; 21 for £l. Miniatures on
Ivory, Marble, and the Photographic base in his former
styles.

(ZPECTACLES.—The Patent Newly-invented
k) Tinted Spectacles are patronised by the majority of the
Nobility, including Viscount Palmerston. They afford extra-
ordinary relief to weak, dim, and defectlye vision.—S. and B
SOLOMON S, Opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly.

THE FARMER'S BAROMETER, 505., a
new Instrumen, by Negretti and Zambra, willcor-
rectly indicate whether the Barometer falls for Rain or for
Wind. Particulars by, enclosing stamp.-1, Hatton-garden;
57, Cornhill ; and 122, Regent-street.

TEA.—MOORE BROTHERS respectfully inti-
mate that their New Prospectus is now ready. They
especially recommend their improved Family Tea, reduced
to 3s. 2d. ; Souchong, reduced to 3s. 6d. ; mixed Assam; re-
duced to 3s. Bd.; and the finest Assam, reduced from 48. 4d.
to 3s. lid. per lb.
MOORE BROTHERS. 35, London-bridge, City, E.C.

LUXURIANT WHISKERS, Moustaches, and
Eyebrows produced in a few weeks by the use of
ELLIOTT'S TONIC LOTION, the stimulative properties
of which are unfailing in their operation. Thomas Elliott
invites a trial from the most sceptical, that they may be con-
vinced of its infallible power. Price 3s. 6d., es. 6d., 10s. 6d.,
and 21s. Forwarded on receipt of postage stamps.—Thomas
Elliott, hairgrower (first floor), 51, Fenchurch-street. T. E.'s
wigs. £1 10s.

RIIPTURES.—BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT.
WHITE'S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS
(PERFECTED AND EXHIBITED IN THE GREAT
EXHIBITIONS OF 1851 AND 1862), is allowed by upwards of
Two Hundred Medical Gentlemen to be the most effective
nvention in the curative treatment of HERN I A.
The use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its effects,
is here avoided—a soft bandage being worn round the
body, while the requisite resisting power is supplied by the
Nloc-Main Pad and Patent Lever, fitting with so much ease
Ind closeness that it cannot be detected, and may be worn
during sleep. A descriptive circular may he had, and the
truss, which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by post, on the cir-
cumference of the body, two inches below the hips, being
sent to the manufacturer,
Mr. WHITE, 228, Piccadilly.
A Single Truss, 165., 215., Hs. 6d., and 315. 6d. Postage, is.
A Double Truss, 31s. 6d., 425., and 525. Bd. Postage, is Bd.
An Umbilical Truss, 425, and 525. Bd. Postage, Is. 10d.
Post-office Orders to be made payable to John White,lPoet-
°Moe, Piccadilly.
NEW PATENT
ELASTIC STOCICINGS,
KNEE-CAPS, Ica, for Varicose Veins and all eases of
Weakness and Swelling of the Legs, Sprains, &c. They are
porous, light in texture, and inexpensive, and are drawn on
ti) ean ordinary stocking. Price 4s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s., to 165.
eadh. Postage 6d.

ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.

-- ---t--

WELCOME TO THE DISCOVERERS OF THE
SOURCE OF THE NILE.

Last night a special meeting of the Royal Geo-
graphical Society was held in Burlington House,
Piccadilly, to welcome Captain Speke and Captain
Grant, the discoverers of the source of the White
Nile, on their return to this country. The hour ap-
pointed for the commencement of the proceedings
was nine o'clock, but long before eight o'clock a
stream of carriages flowed steadily into the court-
yard, and shortly after that hour every nook and
cranny wns filled to overflowing by an audience re-
presenting the fashion, art, and science of the
metropolis, while an almost equal number in vain
sought admission. The utmost animation and ex-
citement prevailed in the immense audience, which
was so densely crowded that it was with the ut-
most difficulty the President fought his way to the
dais, and the heroes of the night, in the effort to
find their places on each side of him must have
preferred many of their experiences of African
travel. Among those in the immediate vicinity of
the chair, we noticed Sir R. Peel, M.P., Mr. Monck-
ton Milnes, M.P., Mr.Layard, M.P., Mr. Alderman
Salomons, M.P., Mr. Gregson, M.P., Sir L. M'Clin-
tock, Lady Franklin, Sir G. Clerk, Sir A.S. Waugh,
Sir H. James, Admiral Murray, Col. Lynch, Che-
valier Duprat, Signor Nigra, Sir H. Vavasour, Sir
F. Nicholson, Sir T. Fremantle, &c.
Sir R. MURCHISON, the president, said—The hour
appointed for commencing the business was nine
o'clock, but looking at the crowded state of the
room, although it wants 15 minutes to that hour,
we may as well proceed. The hon. baronet then
spoke as follows :—Gentlemen, we are now specially
assembled (for our regular session has terminated)
to do honour to the two men who have accomplished
the most remarkable geographi2al feat which has
been performed in our time, and one which it has
been the ambition of other nations to accomplish
during all ages. The council of this society has the
greater reason to be proud of this achievement, be-
cause it was by their exertions that the means were
' obtained to carry it out; and her Majesty's Govern-
ment and the Indian Government must also have a
real gratification in reflecting that they complied
with the wishes of the geographers who organised
the East African expedition, in furnishing the essen-
tial means of accomplishing it. But, gentlemen,
whilst we may well dwell with satisfaction on the
encouragement we warmly offered, let us at once
turn to the man, without whose earlier as well as
recent labours this great feat could never have been
brought about—l mean, of course, Captain Speke.
(Cheers.) In the year 1858, when serving with our
former medallist, Burton, and when that eminent
explorer lay sick at Kazeb, Captain Speke having
heard of this lake from Arab merchants hastened to
reach it; and, finding that its southern extremity
was on the high plateau-land, between 3,000 and
4,000 feet above the sea—(the land which forms,
indeed, the watershed between North and South
Africa in that meridian)—he finding also that
the waters of this vast lake were fresh,
he, then and there, after accurately determining
the longitude of its southern end, was convin-
ced that this body, of water must be the great
southernmost reservoir out of which the White or
Main Nile flowed at its northern end. •It was for
this first great discovery that the Royal Geogra-
phical Society awarded our founder's gold medal to
Captain Speke. Though obliged to return to Eng-
land with his leader, Captain Burton, Captain
Speke held pertinaciously to his project; and en-
gaging his Indian brother officer, Captain Grant,
to accompany him (an officer, let me say, who dis-
tinguished himself, and was severely wounded in
the great Indian mutinies), and, encouraged by this
society and the Government, he has gone and done
the great deed, and has followed the Nile from its
source to its mouth. Gentlemen, it is not for me
to recapitulate any portion of that abstract of the
vast labours gone through by Captains Speke and
Grant which I read to you at our anniversary, and
which was printed in the public journals of the
26th May last. But I think it necessary to say that
I now know, that, in my anxiety to satisfy the
desire of the public, there were omissions and errors
in that address. I know, for example, that I did
not on that occasion do sufficient justice—and I am
sorry for it—to able critical geographers, who had
framed hypotheses, or had collected data from na-
tives and other authorities as to the probable source
of the Nile ; but I beg you to consider that I was
then solely bent on developing, as well as I could,
from the records sent home by Speke, the main
features of the great actual and practical survey
which had been made by himself. As to the errors
in that rapidly-prepared abstract, I may advert at
once to one. It was stated by me that the young
King of Nganda, who was so kind to Captain
Speke when he was separated from his companions,
had 3,000 wives, but I now find that there was a
nought too many, and that his Majesty has
hitherto been contented with 300 wives ! (Laughter.)
Then as to the statements which are arising and will
arise as to the dates of the old maps on which lakes
were marked in the interior of Africa, and out of
which the Nile is made to flow, they are not con-
fined to the old (probably Portuguese) maps of the
16th century, of which I spoke, and which exist in
the library of the Propaganda Fede in Rome. One
Arabian map is now indeed cited, which is upwards
of 1,000 years old, in which one or more pieces of
water occupy nearly the position of the Victoria
Nyanza of Speke. Not pretending to be able to
decide upon who may have been the people who
first were acquainted with such great interior waters
Capt. Speke informs me that he believes the traders
from Hindostan were probably anterior even to
the Greeks in visiting this region. When, how-
ever, we come to the latter, Captain Speke is of
opinion that Ptolemy, that great geographer, is
the authority who first placed upon historical
record the existence of African lakes under the
Equator, out of which the Nile flowed. But age
after age rolled on ; traveller after traveller, from
the days of the Roman Emperors to our time, endea-
voured to ascend the Nile to its source, and all have
failed. In our days, one Miani, a Venetian, who
had lived many years in Egypt, is the person who
got farthest southward in ascending from Egypt,
and he, not being an astronomical observer, thought,
and has asserted, that he had reached to the second
degree of north latitude, where he cut his name
upon a tree. He has even written to me from
Vienna what he calls a " protest " against the
, river of Speke being the true Nile ! Speke,
nih
nameed ot hn
how-
ever, in passing southwards,m determined
e lati-
s
and as Speke had
t it, to
bued e3lo f
dt
ehgarte veryn
otrrtehe w
latitude;ith
traced the water of the Nile from 3 degrees
south of the equator, it follows that the Venetian
was never within about 400 miles of the head
waters of the Nile ! As it would be impossible on
this occasion for Capt. Speke to carry you along
with him on this long pilgrimage which he and his
companion made from Zanzibar on the east coast, to
the central and equatorial kingdoms in which they
were so long detained, he will now first read to
you a brief sketch of the whole course of the great
White Nile, and will show you how vastly superior
it is, not only in length, but also in volume and
reat B
the east or from the west, the g
im-
portance, to all the effluents which it receives from
including
Nile. Cavillers about the source of the Nile there
are I know in abundance, and such persons will pro-
bably not even be satisfied by my assuring them
that Capt. Speke himself does not talk of the source,
but he tells you that, whilst the southernmost end
of the late Victoria Nyanza does not receive waters
from the south, that great body is fed by numerous
small streams which flow into it from the west and
the east as it extends northwards; the great fact re-
maining that the southernmost end of this lake is On
the watershed between North and South Africa,
and in 311 degs. south latitude. Before I call on
Capt. Speke to read his communication on the Nile;

JOHN WHITE, Manufacturcr, 225. Piccadilly.

THE SHAM FIGHT AT WANSTEAD.—The "empty
house," mentioned in our report of the sham fight
under Lord Ranelagh, on Saturday last, at Wanstead, was
formerly in the occupation of Money Wigram, Esq., and
is called " Woodhouse Mansion." It has been recently
purchased by the London Society for the Protection of
Young Females, who granted the use of the house for the
purpose.

Captain SPEICE said—ln attempting to describe
the extent and character of this great river—the
Nile—compared with its tributaries, within the
limits of actual inspection by myself, I will first
treat of its head, the Victoria Nyanza, from its
southern extremity, which I found by astronomical
observation in 1858, to be close on 3 deg. S. of the
equator, and gradually bring it down to its point
of debouchure in the Mediterranean Sea, 31 deg. N.
of the equator, by which it will be seen the Nile re-
presents, considering it lies almost in one direct
line from the south to north, a total in round num-
bers of 2,000 miles geographical rectilinear in
length, and is, therefore, nearly 1-10th the circum-
ference of the glote. It must be borne in mind,
however, that my observations respecting this great
river are not the result of one expedition, but of
two ; that I have not actually followed its banks
from head to foot, but have tracked it down, occa-
sionally touching on it, and even navigating it as
occasion offered, for the barbarous nature of the
African forbids the traveller doing as he likes ;
therefore, to give full weight to any inferences I
may draw, deduced from what I have only seen in
part, I will blend native information to my own ex-
periences, and- in doing so I shall hope to teach
others what I know, and, beyond that, what I be-
lieve myself. In the year 1858, when I discovered
the Victoria Lake, which is the great reservoir of
the Nile, I found it a large sheet of sweet water
lying on the main level, or from 3,000 to 4,000 feet
above the sea level of the great interior plateau of
equatorial Africa, looking for all the world like
the source of some great river ; so much so, indeed,
that I at once felt certain in my own mind it was
the source of the Nile, and noted it accordingly.
To add to this impression the natives, who there
only know it by the name of Nyanza, which
equally means lake, pond, and river, described its
extension in this confused manner to the northward
as being boundless, whilst its breadth really—in
factcircumference—waso the
east
enormous; greater, if
anything, than on the western side, for
the negro informants knew the name of all the
countries surrounding the lake, and must, had they
its
n understood the value of geographical definitions,
have been able to separate the river Nile from the
Nyanza, and to reduce their explorations to any
common understanding. Our informants, Arab
merchants and their slaves, resident at Zanzibar,
who penetrate Africa in search of ivory, who had
completed the whole circuit of the Nyanza, not in-
dividually but separately, some on one side and
some on the other, assured me the Nyanza was the
source of some great river. They knew not what,
though they heard confused accounts from the
natives living on the equator of the European ivory
merchants who frequented the Nile in vessels at 5
deg. N., latitude, and had further heard through the
same channel that with the rising of the Nile, and
consequently the violence of its waters, islands were
floated down its surface, which really is the case,
not composed of earth and stone, but tangled roots
of trees, rush, and grass, with even sometimes huts
upon them, which otherwise undisturbed, are torn
away by the violence of the stream, and carried
down perfect floating islands.. Then, again, these
men described,the territory between the Nile and
Asua rivers as an island on the one side and the land
comprising the ancient kingdom of Kittara. accord-
ing to their acceptation of the word, as an island,
also being nearly circumscribed by the Kitangule,
and Luta Nzige rivers, in conjunction with the Lake
Nyanza and the Nile. No merchants, however, had
crossed the first parallel of north latitude; none
understood geography. They heard what the
natives said, but could not fully comprehend them,
and thus it was that a doubt still existed in every-
body's mind but my own, as to the origin
of the Nile, which no one would believe until
I went again and turned the river down from
hand to mouth. Had I been all alone in the first
expedition I should have settled the Nile in
1859, by travelling from Unyanyembi to Uganda
with an Indian merchant, Musor Mzuri, who was
prepared to go there, but my proposal having been
negatived by the chief of the expedition, who was
sick at the time, and tired with the journey, I re-
turned to England, and, to my inexpressible de-
light, the very first day after my arrival here, found
in Sir Roderick Impey Murchison a warm advocate,
and proposer to the Royal Geographical Society to
complete what I had before begun, and, as mey be
imagined, I could not rest satisfied until the world
accepted my own views, happily now verified by in-
disputable means of actual inspection and astrono-
mical observation, that the Victoria Nyanza is the
great reservoir of the Nile. Suffice it now to say,
after returning toUnyanyembi (the old point), three
degrees south of the lake, in 1861, I struck upon a
new route, which I imagined, from the unsophisti-
, cated depositions of the ivory merchants, would lead
me to a creek on the westerly flank of the Nyanza,
situated on the southern boundary of Karaguve.
Geographical definitions were here again found
wanting, for, instead of a creek to the great lake
appearing, a new lake was found, called Luero
(white), or Lake of Urigi, which formerly appeared
to have contained a considerable amount of water,
but is now fast drying up. Its head lies in Urundi,
and, circling round the south and east flanks of Kara-
gave, in form a mountain valley, is subsequently
drained by the Kitangule River into the Nyanza,
but not in sufficient quantity to make any sensible
impression on the perennial contents of the Nyanza
basin. It is to the west and north of K.araguve that
the lake receives its greatest terrestrial supply of
water, through the medium of the Kitangule River,
which, in draining the aforesaid Luero-10-Urigi,
drains off the superfluous waters of many minor

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THE SUN, LON 04, )N, TUESDAY EVENING, JUNE 23, 1863.

I must acquaint my associates with the deep inte-
rest which our patron the Queen, and our vice-
patron the Prince of Wales, take in this great dis •
cevery. When I recently waited upon. the Queen
at the building of the International Exhibition,
along with other Royal Commissioners, her Ma-
jesty was pleased to congratulate me most gra-
ciously upon this great geographical feat, and I feel
certain, from the kind and emphatic manner in
which her Majesty expressed herself the first time
in which the Queen had appeared after her sad be-
reavement, that she is truly proud in the reflection
that two of her own gallant Indian officers should
have succeeded in doing what the people of every
European nation have failed to accomplish. Then
as to our vice-patron, the Prince of Wales, I know
that his Royal Highness, who is himself a great
traveller, and who loves our science, would have
been here this evening had not a very special
engagement prevented him ; but arrangements
have, I am happy to say, been made by which his
Royal Highness will hear, to-morrow night, a lec-
ture from Captain Speke at the Royal Institution.
Whilst our own Royal family recognises the im-
portance of this great discovery, the King of Italy
has taken the lead amongst foreign sovereigns in
the expression of his desire to commemorate this
great discovery, and has directed two gold medals
to be struck in honour of our heroes of the Nile.
One of them, or that which is destined for the leader,
has arrived, and has on it the inscription, " Honor a
Nilo." I must here add that the letter of the
Italian Minister, the , garquia. J'Azp.glin,whieth
accompanies this appropriate reward is such an
elegant and apposite composition, that it is worthy
of the country which reared a Columbus. The
chairman read a letter from the Marquis d'Azeglio
expressing the admiration of the King of
Italy for the gallant explorers, and concluded
by saying, " As the French Geographical Society
(like our own society) gave a gold medal to
Capt. Speke for his original discovery of the great
lake, he, in grateful remembrance of that act,
named a large channel at the head of the Victoria
Nyanza after the Emperor Napoleon, who will, I
doubt, duly appreciate the honour of having had
his name affixed to such an important feature in the
heart of Africa, and by such a distinguished British
geographer." I now call on Captain Speke to read
his communication.

h.kes, au the Akeuvard in Urundt ; the Luckurow,
which is the second of a chain with the Aketiyard ;
the Ingeizi and Karaguve ; and the little Wthati-
dertne: e, which, in Kataeguve, lies below the
capital on its south-eastern corner. None of
these lakes are large—mere puddles in com-
p trison to the great Victoria Nyanza; but
still the Kitangule River, after receiv-
ing all their contributions, is a noble river, low sunk
like a huge canal, about 80 yards across, with a
velocity of about four miles an hour, which appears
equal to the Nile itself as soon es it issues from the
the
s er v e their
in
n 8 d 6 ,
2 waters a
n nod
less lake by the Ripon Falls. The question naturally
suggests itself, what forms these lakes ? whence
originate
mountains of the moon, in which they lie, encircling
h
It
the
Tanganyikathan 233 23 3 simply
days
Lakethis
of : thetahree
exposed to the influences of the rainy zone, where
I observed, northernd,
year were more or less wet days. Mashonde, in
the Uddu portion of Uganda, is the first place where
in this second expedition, I obtained a view of the
Victoria Lake, called in these more northern coun-
tries Lueru (white)—(lo-of)—Luta (dead) Nzige
(locust), in consequence of the reputed feet that
flights of locusts, in endeavouring to cross these
waters, have dropped, down from fatigue, unable to
accomplish such an extended journey on wing, and,
perishing in the lake, have been found dead in dense
masses by the boatmen. But, like the word Ny-
anza, it is also applied to the Nile and its tribu-
taries, confounding all inquiry. For instance, the
anda7nw-hial.actne.ot the Nile and the Little
Luta Nzige, a semi-lake tributary to it, flanking
the northern boundary of Ungoro, that being the
extent as to the instances of the dead locusts—say
at once Uganda, conjoined with Ungoro, is an island,
so that a man may walk for months and never see
the end of it. The whole is likewise called Nyanza
there, for, as might be expected in countries where
no literature is known, nor knowledge sought be-
yond the actual requirements of domestic life, the
people are satisfied with local names, never
troubling their heads with general specific ones.
This is the explorer's greatest difficulty in en-
deavouring to put together the information
which he hears, though it may be overcome by
close questioning, even better with the natives than
with the Arabs, for whilst the former regard all
rivers flowing, as we do, from head to mouth,
the Arab invariably says it goes from mouth
to head. In a southerly direction the Waganda
boatmen go as far as the Island Ukerewe,
which I saw ou my first journey to Muanzaat, the
southern extremity of the lake ; and to the east-
ward beyond the escape of the Nile, to the north-
eastern corner of Victoria Lake, where by a strait
they gain access to another lake in quest of salt,
possibly the Baringo of Dr. Kraph, which he, from
information gained through the natives, called Salt
Lake, most likely because there are salt islands in
it ; which reasoning I deduce from the fact that on
my former expedition, when the Arabs first spoke
to me of the Luta Nzige, they described it as a salt
lake belonging to the Great Nyanza ; yet not be-
longing to it, when farther pressed upon the sub-
ject. The Great Nyanza waters were purely fresh
and sweet. They (the Arabs), like Dr. Kraph,
merely narrated what they heard. As salt islands
were visited by the natives in search of that
mineral, the surrounding waters naturally were con-
sidered salt by them, deprived as they were of those
connecting links, which included the whole area of
ground under consideration within the limits of the
drainage system of the Nile. The Arabs, it is now
very clear, had heard of everything in connection
with the Nile ; but from not being cognisant with
the science of philosophical geography, were unable
to connect what they had gleaned in detached frag-
ments from it. Dr. Kraph further tells us of a
river trending from the river Nowey by Mount
Kcenio towards the Nile. If such is the case, it
must be a feeder to the Baringo, whose waters pass
off by the Asua river into the Nile, for the whole
country immediately on the eastern side of the
Victoria Nyanza is said by the Arabs, who have
traversed it for ivory, to be covered with low, roll-
ing hills, intersected only by small streams and
nullahs from this point in Muanza to the side stream
which is situated on the equator on the northern
boundary of the Victoria Nyanza. Turning now
again to Mas-horde, and proceeding north along the
bending coast of Nyanza to the valley of Kalonga,
which, as situated on the equator, the lake is
constantly in view. The land above the lake is
beautiful, composed of low sandstone hills, scoured
down by small streams, the effect of constant
rains, grown all over by gigantic grass, except
where the numerous villagers have supplanted it
by cultivation, or on the deltas where mighty trees,
tall and straight as the blue gums of Australia,
usurp the right of vegetation. The bed of the Ny-
anza has shrunk from its original dimensions, as we
saw in the case of the Urigi Lake; and the moor-
lands immediately surrounding are covered with a
net-work of large rush drains, with boggy bottoms,
as many as one to every mile, even counting from
the Kitanqula, which of itself was obviously at one
period a much fuller stream than at the present day
when the old bed was on the level of the present
surface of the water, and its breadth was double
that which now exists. The mountains of the moon
are wearing down, and so is Africa. Crossing over
the equator altogether the conformation of the land
appeared much the same, but increased in beauty;
the drainage system was found the opposite, clearly
showing we were on the north slope of Africa. One
stream, the Mwerango, of moderate dimensions,
said to arise in the lake, flowed north and joined the
Nile in the kingdom of Unigoro, where its name is
changed to Kafu ; or another stream, the Luagevri,
followed its example ; and then still further on
from the centre of the Lake Nyanzi's coast issued
the parent stream of the Nile, flowing over rocks of
igneous character 12 feet high, which, as the na-
tives and also some Arabs simply designate by the
simple name of stones. I have done myself the
honour to christen it the Ripon Falls, after his lord-
ship who was the President of the Royal Geogra-
phical Society when the expedition was set on
foot. This escape of the Nyanza waters, 20 miles
north of the equator, is the only one accurately in-
spected, owing to the barbarous restrictions placed
on visitors by the king of Uganda for the supposed
maintenance of his dignity ; but it mattered not, as
by following the Nile we saw the junction of both
the Kafu and Asua rivers, and crossed Luagevri
immediately before its place of junction. Now pro-
ceeding down the Nile from the Ripon Falls, the
river first bisects the sandstone continued hills,
which extend into Usuoga above the coast-line
of the lake, and rushes along north with
mountain• torrent beauty, and then, having passed
these hills, of no great extent, it turned through
long flats more like a lake than a river, where, in
Ungyoso, it was increased by the contributions of
the Kafu and the Luagevri, and continued in this
navigable form to the Karina Falls in Choppi,
where again, the land dropping suddenly to the
westward, we saw the river rushing along with
boisterous violence, but would not follow it owing
to the war which lay upon the track. It was in-
deed a pity, for not 60 miles from where we stood,
by common report, the Little Luta Mzige, which I
had taken so much trouble in tracing down its
course from the Lanai Montes with its salt islands
in it, joined the Nile. The old river was next met
with in the Modi country, due north of the Karina
Falls, where it still bore the unmistakable character
of the Nile—long flats, long rapids. The Southern
half of the Madi was a fiat extending, we believe,
to the junction of the Little Luta Mzige, the North
a rapid extending down to the navigable Nile—
that is to say, the Nile which is navigable
length during the period of its flooding; and here
it was the Asia river of which we bad heard drain-
ing from the north-east corner of Victoria Lake,
joins—in a rainy season an important feeder, but
when low fordable. The rest of the Nile, consider-
ing it is navigated, ought to be ,well known ; but