The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-06 00:00:00

'nn SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, ocroBER 6,186 a

LONDON, TUESDAY, OCT. 6, 1863.

The Emperor NAPOLBON having just now re-

turned from the south-western extremity of his

empire to the capital, expectation is already

beginning to be awakened in regard to the early
meeting of the Chambers and the probability of
some light being at length thrown through the
bewildering haze by which his foreign policy has

for a long while past, but more particularly of
late, been enveloped. Glimpses of the inner mean

ing of that policy have been caught, it is true,

from time to time, affording even the general public

a notion of its tendency at those rare moments.

But the tendency of every foreign policy—no

matter whether that of a despotism or

of a democracy, of an oligarchy or of
of a constitutional Government, necessarily and

inevitably fluctuates with the fluctuations of the

events of the hour. It is necessarily—prpettially

—passing through a series of more or less appre-

eiable modifications. Those well nigh incalculable
variations—in a free and outspoken system of Go-
vernment like our own, We, the people, so governed
are aware of, so to speak, almost interruptedly.
Di are continually gazing into the tube of the
Diplomatic Kaleidoscope. The interminable series
of changes, both of colony and of form, there pre-
sented to view, are before us, as it might
be said, always, are there, conspicuously
visible, en permanence. With guaranteed liberty of
speech
and of
wprierti
ing, with our unrestricted liberty of the press,
and
with the absolute and unconditional independence
accorded to our Parliament, it is necessarily, as we
have here stated. Diplomacy, in our constitutional
system of Government, could not be continued for
any, even the briefest interval,upon the old, obsolete
plan of secrecy and mystification, Popular feeling
would not tolerate it. To a considerable extent it
is tb.us nowadays, even with countries the most
arbitrarily ruled. Nowhere is it so con-
snicuous, however, as it is in England.
Among our neighbours it is partially thus
already, but only, at the best, very partially. The
EMPEROR has :conceded—(having had everything
within his grasp after the coup d etat)—has volun-
tarily conceded a certain small proportion of freedom
to the press, and a modified species of independence
to the members of his Legislature. Thereby enabling
the nation to catch at intervals the brief, or rather
momentary glimpses of a foreign policy that must,
otherwise, save when it gaited his, the EMPEROR'S,
own will and pleasure, must have remained altogether
inscrutable. If ever the truth in that matter can
be dragged to light' it is while the Chambers are
sitting. During the intervals between the sessions
the
journals left altogether to themselves,
are
h
guessing in the dark. If ever the official
journal, the 1110mteut, speaks out at these times, it
only
does so orscu ar l is- or in other words quite
enigmatically ,
• As to the rest of the Paris journals
it would b,
difficult to say, in spite of the
unquestionable ability of man
amongst them, of
such distinguished
people, for
organs of the French
example, as the Constitutionnel and the Journal des
Debats, and of several others not necessary here to
be particularizsd, Gem
as various and as widely con-
trasting their character, as at one extremity the ar-
dent and believing unt •
", and at the other the frigid
and incredulous Siecle—itiwould be difficult ;0 say
'which amongst them a
can e. pronounced the
and
enunciator of the thoughts
intentions of the
governing power. As much
reliances e in this way,
imagine,
is
nposed by
we should be disposed to
the generality of the French public
the
utter.
antes of La France, even, as in the opinions
forth in the swarms of political pamphlets published
over over the counter of M. DENTII. It is to
the meeting of the Chambers that all
look with eager curiosity—when diplomacy
has become the most obscure, and when the juncture
is just becoming the most momentous. Such a
period having just now been reached, the,
fat all times, eager and comprehern able curi-
osity of the French People is, in el manner,
intensified the re-assembling of the Cham-
bers being looked for with more than ordinarily
heightened expectation, now that the ,EMPEROR

has, within the last few hours, returned from his
autumnal repose at Biarritz to the Palace of St.
Cloud.

We have now before us the particulars of the
new Constitution proposed for Denmark and
Schleswig. The President, M. HALL, in introduc-
ing it to the Assembly, remarked that the reasons
stitution had increased in strength by r
which necessitated a complete revision of the
events
eCeonnt-
oen s
both at home and abroad.
As with us constitu-
tional and political reform
a reformed Parliament ; so in Denmark the reor-
has always begun with
ganisation of the Rigs
the Rigsdag or
'liend is felt to be an indis-
pensable condition of amended system of go.
Parliament for the
willbe done
vernment. It is con
kingdomj c thatprop
er
away with, or rather merged int
of this littlehelargeras sembly
The representative arrangements
king-
dom are certainly in great need of simplification. A
population of less than three millions has no less
than eight assemblies ! There is the Rigsraad for
Denmark-Schleswig; the Rigsdag for the king-
dom proper ; the separate estates for the two
Duchies; other assemblies for Lauenbarg and the
northern islands ; besides Colonial Councils for the
Danish West Indian possessions. Such a cumbersome
arrangement cannot fail to create confusion, and
fosters that spirit of jealousy, rivalry, and inde-
pendence which has so greatly added to the per-
plexities of Danish rulers. The object proposed by
the new system is, according to the President, " to
strengthen the Risgraad sufficiently, not only to
meet the great demands which the future may soon
possibly bring with it, but also to enable it, in the
course of time, to become the corner atone of our
whole constitutional development." In order to
attain this object it is considered necessary to in-
crease the number of members, and by means of the
two chamber system to secure a due proportion
alike of conservatism and liberalism. It is by its
happy combination of these two elements that the
English Constitution has secured its marvellous
strength and durability. It avoids alike the de-
structive force of the headlong torrent and the
dangers of the stagnant pool. It gives scope for
the bold advancing spirits who help forward the
progress of a people, at the same time that it affords
the more stable and cautious an opportunity of
tempering rash and hasty measures. Ths results
have often excited the wonder and envy of foreign
States, and in most countries where liberal
principles prevail the political institutions
of England are looked to as the model.
In the Danish Rigsraad the object is to
give a more liberal character to the Assembly,
while retaining its present conservative elements.
It is proposed to divide it into chambers under the
appellations of Landsttring:and Folkettring, already
known us constituent ports of the Rigsdag. The
Landsttring, or Upper House, is to consist of 75
elected members, one third of whom are to be
elected by the KING for a term of 12 years, while
the remaining 50 are to he chosen by immediate
vote in the larger elective districts, the franchise
depending on au income of 1,200 rix dollars. The
Folkettring is to have 130 members, divided like
those of the other Assembly between Denmark and
Schleswig, these members being elected by smaller
elective districts. The conditions of the franchise
prove the liberal spirit of the new constitution.
" Every man of good repute, and holding the rights
of a native, shall be in possession of the elective
franchise for the Folkettring when he has completed
his 30th year." The only modifications of this uni-
versal suffrage are the exclusion of servants not hav-
ing houses of their own, o 2 insolvents, and the con-
dition that the voter should not be in receipt of
public relief, and should have had a fixed residence
of one year within the district in which he resides
at the time of the election. The same conditions are
necessary to constitute voters for the Upper House,
with the additional stipulation of the income referred
to, which is only £132 of English money, or in its
place, evidence of having paid to the State annual
taxes of 200 rix dollars, or £22. The Assembly is
to be convened by the KING every other year. He
has also the power to prorogue it for a defined time,
but not for longer than four months without the
consent of the Rigsraad itself. This clause is an
important guarantee of the liberties of the subject,
and was perhaps learned from the history of the
English civil war. The Danish language is to be
employed for the resolutions, but the protocols are
to be written both in Danish and German, and any
member who chooses may address the Assembly in
the latter. Section 43 is another of the important
clauses, and decrees that any member can with the
sanction of his chamber bring forward any public
question, and challenge the Ministerial explanations.
Such permissions as these augur well for the prospects
of Danish Reform. They prove that the KING
and his Ministers are sincere in their professions,
and honestly intend to fulfil their promies. In
place of fine writing and lofty dissertations on
the theory of liberal government and the rights of
I Liberty, Equality, Fraternity," the new bill goes
straight to the point, and defines in plain language
the rights and
privileges of the people. Both
Landsttring and Folkettrivg are likely to have
enough to do if Germany fulfil her threat, but
the brave little kingdom is still undaunted, and
stands with resolute front refusing to abandon
its rights. This is the moment for Constitutional
England to step forward in its aid, and to forbid
the occupation of the Duchies. It lies with us to
retard the outbreak of that European war which,
it seems, will not be much longer delayed, and into
which we shall inevitably be dragged sooner or
later. However cautious or pusillanimous our
foreign policy may be, we can scarcely stand still
to witness another State dismembered. Every small
State weakened, divided, and absorbed into the
shadow of some towering and
aggressive neighbour
is a loss to the general
welfare tranquillity.
The partition of Poland has cost us too dear to
allow a repetition of it. Lord RUSSELL'S neu-
trality may be wise, cautious, and generally ad-
mirable, but at present it looks somewhat as if
he was steering the country into a war with the
Federal Government and with the German Con-
federation, besides alienating the Southern States
.
and disgusting his own people Truly an indus-
trious Foreign Secretary !

The Archduke AIAXIMILIAN's reply to the
Mexican deputation appears very sensible
on
the whole. He expresses himself frankly
And fearhssly, and while ho offers his
tainks to those why have pi oposed to do
him the honour, he at the same time declares his
intention not to act without due care and considera-
tion. 'This is acting with due caution, and all must
agree that his prudence is most praiseworthy. He
that he is deeply touched
commences by stating
by the wishes of the Mexican Assembly. "It can-
not but be exceedingly flattering for our House
that they have turned their eyes to the descendants
of enAluiEs the FIFTH." This is a very suitable
beginning, fcr the compliment is a great one, and
as such should b
DUKE nextpa_sees duly appreciated. The ARCH-
ways
of on to state
that have been address
independence and the difficulties that
lie in the
is carrying out the proposals
most
addressed to him,
welfare and remarks that,
although it is a
noble mission to maintain the
of
Mexico
"with
free.
institutions „d a solid fare
oundati9n," it could 120 V, be

a The following
of the wishes of the whole nation done effectually without the spontaneous expression
sentence, however, may be regarded as the most
significant in the whole address—"l must make
my acceptance of the throne dependent upon
a plebiscite of the whole country ;" but the
difficulty that lies in the way is, that it
will be necessary for him to ask for guaran-
tees to protect Mexico against the dangers that
threaten her " integrity and independence." If the
guarantees are obtained, and the nation gives a
universal vote in his favour, the ARCHDUKE con-
sents to receive the Crown if his brother, the Eet-
',Elton, approves. There is good ground for all
that is proposed and demanded in this reply ; but,
at the same time, it must strike many readers that
the suggestions are not very likely to be attended
to, nor are the demands sure to be accorded. On
the contrary, many and grave difficulties are in the
way, and obstacles well-nigh insuperable in-
terpose themselves. Some persons had imagined
that by this time all matters were satisfactorily
arranged, and that the possession of the Crown of
Mexico by the Archduke MAXIMILIAN was a settled
affair. Jt is not so easy, however, to adjust the diffi •
culties that arise in the consideration of a weighty
undertaking, and nothing is so unwise and so im-
prudent as to jump at conclusions and rush at ven-
tures without taking time to mark and digest the
pros and cons of the proceeding. The ARCHDUKE
figures forth a very satisfactory programme of the
style in which he will carry on the kingdom, if he
is able to preside over its destinies. He announces
it to be his firm intention to follow in the path of
progress that was taken by his brother by esta-
blishing a constitution ; and, " after the complete
pacification of the country to seal the fundamental
laws by an oath." This is certainly arranging
affairs in a wise manner; and taking the right
view of the Government of a people and the rule of
a State, thus, the ARCHDUKE truly adds, only can
there be any chance of raising Mexico to a promi-
nent place among nations, and calling into existence
a national policy, so that all parties might co-ope-
rate with him, and forget all disputes. These are
noble sentiments to express, and any country would
be fortunate who possessed a ruler willing and able
to put such precepts into practice. Thus only can
any real benefits be conferred and lasting good con-
ferred, when all concur from the highest to the
lowest to tread the path of progress. One definite
act of reform, and one decided change in effete and
worn-out constitutions, do more to remodel and re-
novate a State than hundreds of compromises and
countless professions of liberty, which sound very
well, but are never carried into effect. It is said
that, subsequently to the reading of the address, the
ARCHDUKE, in conversation with the members Of
the deputation, declared that he would not accept
the Crown unless all these conditions were fulfilled.
This is very probable, for his brief address read
like the earnest and impressive avowal of opinion
that would come from one who is decided and
determined regarding his own course,
whatever
doubts and delays may obscure the judgments of
others. He believes the co-operation of France
and England to be necessary that order may
be re-established and secured. This is very likely,
and there does not appear any probability that such
assistance would be denied to him ; there
would be
more likely difficulties in the way of securing the
first desideratum mentioned, namely, to obtain a
manifestation of the wish of the whole nation.
Whatever may be the result of all this Mexican
deliberation it seems pretty evident that if the
Archduke MAXIMILIAN
goes out there as ruler, he
will not be a roi
_faineant. Oa the contrary, he has
given proof that he does not esteem it as any pri-
vilege to assume the reins of government without
acting and feeling as if he was the presiding spirit
of the country he was called upon to rule, and the
enlightened adviser of the people whose
destinies
was to be placed in his hands. If any political day-
dreamer fancied that the new monarch was to be a
dispelled
puppet, the address of Saturday will have
that illusion at once and for ever. It evidences in
the clearest manner that the ARCHDUKE will not
assume a position without power, and that be wishes
that power to be a well-secured one. With these
advantages he will be happy to do his
best in the
interest of the community he is called upon to
govern, but without them he will relinquish the
attempt, convinced that he retires from
an unequal
struggle. At any rate he will win the sympathy
and
and good wishes of all upright
men for his straightforwardness, independent
and they will go
with him to his arduous venture, and attend him
at home according as the course of events shall dic-
tate his decision and shape his destiny

Mr. FECUTER opens on the 24th
with an entirely
new romantic drama, from the French.

---
MR. AND MRS. CHARLES MATEO'S"
a new comedy by Mr. L. Buckingham, called "Silken
Fetters," at the Haymarket, on the 26th• appear in
LORD DUNDREARY returns oa Boxivg Night to
the Haymarket.

THE FINE ARTS EXHIBITION
i, now open in the
exhibition is the undertaking of a committee of private pseElysees. This
Palace of Industry in the Charn
in-
dividuals, who allow that their idea is due to the words
which the Emperor, " the crowned thinker"—uttered on
the 25th of January last, on the occasion of the distribution
of rewards to the exhibitors at our groat exhibition of the
last year. The Emperor then impres3ed upon his audience
the value of " the spontaneous energy
of the individual."
The chief French manufacturers have taken up the Em-
peror's recommendation; and this is the result of their
" spontaneous energy.'
They have emblazoned the Em-
peror's words under his bust, and placed it in the most pro-
minent part of the palace—declaring that the Imperial
speech of January last is to be henceforth the hoc sign°
winces of every individual enterprise.
SECOND HAND TERROR AT A GHOST—as de-
picted inimitably by Henry Fielding in the chapter
of Tom Jones, in which Partridge is taken to see David
Garrick in " Hamlet."—Fielding here describes with ad-
mirable clearness, says the London Review, the true func-
tion of a dramatic ghost. Partridge cares nothing for the
ghost per se. He criticises his apparel, and is certain that
"ghos*s don't appear in such dresses as that, neither." It
was the genius of the actor that was to give the ghost all
his terrors. Partridge was not to be persuaded by Tom
Jones that the "man in the strange dress" was a ghost, but
when Hamlet appeared, and saw the ghost, Fielding says
that "Partridge gave that credit to Mr. Garrick which he
had denied to Jones, and fell into so violent a trembling
that '-is knees knocked against each other." Jones asked
him what was the matter, and whether he was afraid of the
warrior on the stage ? " Oh, la I sir," said he, " I perceive
now it is what you told rue. lam not afraid of anything,
for I know it is but a play, and if it was really a ghost it
could do no one no harm at such a distance, and in so much
company ; yet if I was frightened I are not the only per-
son." " Why, who," cried Jones, " dost thou take to he
such a coward here, besides thyself ?" " Nay, you may
call me a coward if you will, but if that little man there
upon the stage (Garrick) is not frightened, I never saw
any man frightened in my life." Then Partridge's com-
mentary ou the colloquy between the Ghost and Hamlet
shows how completely he was carried away by sympathy
with the actor. " Ay, ay ; go:along with you! Ay, to be
sure! Who's fool, then I Will you ? Lord have mercy
upon such fool-hardiness I Whatever happens, it is good
enough for you. Follow you! I'd follow the devil as
soon, Nay, perhaps, it is the devil, for they say he can
put on what likeness he pleases. Oh 1 here he is again I
No farther ? No, you have gone far enough already—
farther than I'd have gone for all the king's dominions."
Jones offered to speak, but Partridge cried, "Hush, hush,
dear sir I don't you hear him ?" And during the whole
speech of the Ghost he sits with his eyes fixed partly on the
Ghost, and partly on Hamlet, and with his mouth wide
open. "The same passions," says the novelist, "which
succeeded each other in `Hamlet,' succeeded likewise in
him." When the scene was over, Jones said, " Why, Par-
tridge, you exceed my expectation ; you enjoy the play more
than I conceived possible." "Nay, sir," answered Par-
tridge, "if you are not afraid of th 3 devil I can't help it;
but, to be sure, it is natural to be surprised at such things,
though I know there is nothing in them ; not that it was
the Ghost that surprised me neither, for I should have
known that to be only a man in a strange dress; but when
I saw the little man frightened himself, it was that which
took lOU of me,"

LITERATURE,

Treatise on Mills and Millwork. Part 11. By
William Fairhairn, Esq., C.E., LL.D., F.R.S.,
F.G.S., One Vol., pp. 284. Longman
and Co.
In the World's History, we may rest assured,
this last past half century will be ever borne in
remembrance as emphatically The Age of Engi-
neering. Within its limits how much has been
accomplished by the agency of this wonderful
science, how many topographical and, even, it
might be said without much extravagance, geogra-
phical transformations, have been effected—is now
clearly visible far and wide over the earth's surface.
The world-famous offer submitted for his accept-
ance to Alexander the Great, by the daring
adulation of the sculptor who dreamt of carving
Mount Athos into a Colossal Effigy of the Young
Conqueror, holding in the palm of one hand a
populous city, and under the palm of the other
an urn, from the mouth of which a river should
flow into the waters of the .2Egaean —has been
immeasurably surpassed by, what may be called,
so to speak, the every-day marvels effected by
Modern Engineering. The obedient Geni
of the Arabian Tales has been literally
realised in a substantial shape by the wor.drous
fabrication of the Steam Engine. The Fiery Dragon
of the Fairy Tales again we have had actually
chained to our own cars in the palpable form of our
Locomotive. The network of iron, with which so
large a part of the habitable globe is already covered,
enables us, whensoever we list and whitherse.eyer
we please, to travel as smoothly and as swiftly as
the Persian seated on the magical square of carpet
talked of by the Princess Scheherazade. Only that,
in lieu of having to discover the square of carpet
to sit upon, we have but to purchase for a few
coins a tiny square of pasteboard to hold betwixt
finger and thumb. Thanks to our modern engineer-
ing, not only are the seas, and oceans, and ocean,
channels crossed to and fro continually, in despite of
opposing winds and adverse tides, white the earth's
surface is being traversed in the same astonishing
manner, only with far greater speed, and with un-
erring punctuality—but the rivers are spanned in
all directions, at almost any width or altitude ; the
solid hills are pierced with tunnels; in one instance
close at hand a double passage has been tunnelled
with perfect success under a sandy river-bed ; and
by the ingenious application of steam power to
the accomplishment of almost every one of our
manufactures, the labour of the human hand
is being every day more and more 'effectually
superseded by the far more delicate, rapid, and un-
erring labour of complicated pieces of mechanism,
fabricated, it is true, by that same wonder-
working hand ! Almost the last of the Great En-
gineers by whose varied genius -these marvellous
changes have been brought about, almost the last
of the Great Engineers of this Great Age par excel-
lence of Engineering is the author of the book Lere
submitted to our consideration. Professor Fair-
bairn's name will go down to after times together
with the names of the noblest of his illustrious en-
gineering brother-workers, his co-operators and con-
temporaries. William Fairbairn has made good,
long since, his claim to be regarded as one having
a fair share in the merit of one of the most remark-
able masterpieces of Robert Stephenson, the tubular
bridge at the Menai Straits. As one of the recog-
uised Nesters of Physical Science, he has presided in
due turn, and it will long be remembered with con-
spicuous ability, over the annual proceedings of the
British Association. As the clasps and medals, upon
the breast of a warrior tell of the perilous feats by
flood and field through which he has passed, so does
the long string of symbolical initia:s appended to
the name of William Fairbairn, tell quite as plainly,
quite as significantly, of the good work done
by him as a master of engineering. Besides
those emblematic letters given above, at the
heading of this notice, as being selected
from the very pick of these initials, it
should be here remarked as well, that, in addition
to many other honorary titles conferred upon him
by various learned bodies, and by various foreign
nations, Professor Fairbairn is a Corresponding
Member of the National Institute of France, and of
the Royal Academy of Turin. And though without
any star, or medal, or clasp, or ribbon as an Eng-
lishman, he wears the cross and the red silk at his
button-hole as a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.
It is so far fortunate, however, that this distin-
guished veteran of the bloodless battle-ground of
the science of Engineering, covered with these
honours, and justified to the full, though he would
have been in resting henceforth upon his well won
laurels, has, nevertheless, toaed as assiduously in
the collecting together of the materials of which
this remarkable Treatise is composed—a treatise
embodying so much of the fruits of his enlarged
observation and practical experience ! A work that
William Fairbairn, and William Fairbairn alone,
was in any way qualified to have written.
He himself tells us in his Preface—" MY
professional career commenced just at a time when
the manufacturing industry of the country was re-
covering from the effects of a long and disastrous
war, and I was enabled, from this circumstance, to
grow up with and follow out consecutively nearly
the whole of the discoveries, improvements, and
changes that have since taken place in mechanical
science. These discoveries have been numerous and
invaluable in contributing
to the development
of our industrial resources, the diffusion of
knowledge, and the extension of trade and
commerce throughout the globe. It will not
be necessary to repeat what steam, gas, and
electric telegraphs have effected both on sea
and land in the same time, and how much we are
indebted to these agencies for the abundant com-
forts, luxuries, and enjoyments which we now
possess, as compared with the age in which our
fathers lived. It will be found on inquiry that in mills,
where these agencies are
employed, and where the
manufacture of cotton, silk, flax, and wool are car-
ried on, are some of the elements to which we are
indebted for the numerous advantages which enter
into the improved state of oar social existence."
It is to mills then, peculiarly and especially, that
the learned author has here directed his attention
—and by necessity, of
Course, his reader's. Part
One of this Treatise, already published some time
since by the Messrs. Longman, embodied within it
a carefully compacted, and yet at times a very de-
tailed, record of Professor Fairbairn's experiences,
for close upon half a
century, as a mill-architect, as
a mill-Wright, and
as a mechanical engineer. Part
Two " follows suit" by giving
a
minute and care-
fully exact description of the mills themselves, of
the millwork
accomplished in them, and, generally
speaking, of the intricate and complicated arrange-
ments incidental to the carrying out of various of
our leading manufactures. The Machinery of Trans-
mission, above all, is described in this volume
as only a master of his subject and
practice as a . mechanical
one so largely skilled by
engineer could well describe it. e Grander
Tu
Treatise, in fact, of which this comprehensive
volume is part, gives us, in this portion
itself,
of it,
,f.
a
variety of minor treatises,
each complete in
Treatises on Wheels, on Shafts, on Couplings—on
Architecture. Separate
the Engaging and Disengaging of Gear—on Mill
sections or chapters, more-
over, being here devoted respectively to all the
numerous kinds of mills now working, in more or
less abundance, in different parts of the country—
corn mills, silk mils,
mills,cotton mills, woollen
mills, oil mills, paper mills, and powder mills. The
.
whole work, or rather Part II of this highly
elaborated Treatise upon Mills and Millwork
supplemented with a brief bat admirebly succinct
being
account of—The Manufacture of Iron. 'That
solitary addition itself
might be particularised as
a masterpiece of well- compressed and invaluable
information, worthy of publication separately in the
e
form of a popular handbook.
I h whole work, how-
ever, is, in its way, invaluable—above all, to the busy
and intelligent world of our mechanical engineers,
both young and old. All kinds of information they
can obtain here at pleasure in regard to everything
about wheels, toothed wheels of all kinds, mortise
wheels, spur wheels, the pitch and diameter of
wheels, the teeth of the toothed wheels, whether in-
volute, epicycloidal or hypocycloidal, whether bevel-
led or wormed—upon all the diversities of couplings,
the claw coupling, the disc coupling, the circular
half-lap coupling, and so forth—about hammers,

plummer blocks, friction cones and friction discs—
about strain and torsion, about velocity and about
lubrication. Here not only is every required
information upon these subjects ready at 1
hand when wanted, but it is of a kind, it is
from an authority that may be relied upon by
one and all implicitly and with absolute confidence.'
That is, in one word, the distinct and instantly re-
cognisable merit of the work : it is worthy of taking
its place at once upon our scientific bookshelves as
—an authority. Nay, more even than that—as the
authority upon Mills and Mill Work.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

[REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.]

AMERICA.
(Per the Damascus.)
NEW YORK, Sept. 26 (Noon).
General Burnside has reached a point where he
is expected to prevent a flank movement by the
Confederates.
Reports from Nashville assert that General
Rosencranz's position is more favourable than is
believed at the North.
General Meade's army is moving transports, and
are loading at Alexandria. Their destination is a
matter of conjecture.
An important Federal movement is also taking
place on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio rail-
road.
The Evening Post believes that the reinforcements
sent from Virginia to Bragg have left Richmond
nearly defenceless.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
Money easy. Gold, 391 prem. Exchange—
Bankers' bills, 153 to 154 k. Stocks depressed—
New York Central, 1331; Illinois, 1221; Erie,
1061.

EARTHQUAKE AT HEREFORD.
HEREFORD, OCT. 6.

At 3.20 this morning the city of Hereford was
violently shaken by an earthquake. The sound was
perfectly awful.

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.
BRESLAU, OCT. 6.

The Cossacks have killed on the high road the
Councillor of Justice Blodowski, and the proprietor
Dangel.
Fresh detachments of insurgents have appeared
in the vicinity cf Kalisch.

INDIA AND CHINA.
MARSEILLES, OCT, 6.

The Messageries Imperiales steamer Peluse, with
India and China mails, arrived here yesterday at
9.30 p.m.

FRANCE.
PARIS, OCT. 6.

The Constitutionnel of to-day, in an article
signed by M. Limayrac, condemns the exaggera-
tions of MM. Gueroult and Emile de Girardin, and
says—" The Imperial policy knows how to ally
prudence with firmness. It is incorrect to say
France is responsible for the bloodshed in Poland.
The Polish question has entered a new phase in
consequence of the declaration of Earl Russell
concerning the treaties of 1815. Upon this new
ground France will do her duty as she has done in
the recent negociations, and will not give way to
passionate excitement. Conservative France has
no more to fear an adventurous war under the nego-
tiator of the peace of Villafranca, than liberal
France has to fear a compromising peace under
the conqueror of Solferino."
The Emperor and the Imperial Prince arrived on
Sunday evening at Bordeaux, where they remained
yesterday. They are expected in Paris to-day.
BOURSE, Oct: s.—The market has not been ani-
mated, but the quotations of Saturday were well
maintained—Threes being now unvaried at 67f 75c.
Mobilier have improved to 1,185 fr. Railway Shares
are on the declining scale. The market closed as
follows
tt per Cents 95 90

Italian Loan . 73 60
Do. end month.... 73 55
New ditto —
Do. end mouth —
Russian
Austrian
Spanish Threes —
Rome Debt

15o: end month....

- --------
3 per Cents
Do. end month

Credit Mobilier,... 1165
0)o. end m0nth....1230

Bank Shares -
Credit k oncier 1312 50

BALL WAYS.
Casb. Account.
Orleans lOO6 25 .. 1017 50
Northern
New ditto
Lyons and Mediterranean 1027 60 .. 1005
Geneva ..
Southern 717 50 .. 715
Western
Eastern ....
Sardinian
Austrian
Lombard
North of Spain
Saragossa 645 1 .. 640
Ditto to Barcelona

THE STORM BEFORE THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA.
—described by Sir Edward Cast in his •' Annals of
the Wars of the Nineteenth Century."—The night was
oue of more than common darkness, for a storm—the fre-
quent precursor of a battle—broke with violence over the
landscape. Torrents of rain had already swollen the river
fords. and, as the men emerged dripping out of the water,
the deafening thunder rolled in successive peals. and the
lightning flashed out brilliantly, playing with remarkable
vividness on the tops of the soldiers' bayonets and the
scabbards of the marching cavalry. In the rtiidst of this
crash of the elements, the whole of the column, cavalry and
infantry, gained an uncomfortable bivouac very late. An
unusually vivid flash of lightning killed some men, and so
frightened the horses of the cavalry, that they broke loose
from their pickets and, galloping wildly across the country,
were mistaken in the obscurity for patrols of the enemy.
But this dispersion of the frightened and riderless horses
added to the awful effect of the tempest, and was altogether
a scene ever to be remembered.

PORTRAIT OF LORD BROUGHAM FOR THE PAR-
LIAMENT HOUSE, EDINBURGH.—Some time since
the Lords of the Court of Session and the members of the
Scottish Bar resolved to have painted a full-length original
portrait of Lord Brougham, to be placed in Parliament
House, Edinburgh ; and conferred the honour of executing
the commission on Mr. D. Macnee. Lord Brougham, on
being apprised of the selection. intimated with much cor-
diality his readiness to give every facility to the artist ; and
the picture, as it nuw appears, represents his lordship hold-
ing in his left hand a document or copy of an address,
and, with his right hand extended, he seems to be in the
act of addressing a deputation with much earnestness. Lord
Brougham's robes as a Peer of the realm are represented as
thrown over a table on the background, while the rich gold
embroidered purse of a Locd Chancellor of England lies on
a cushion at his feet, indicating the high political and judi-
cial office which his lordship had filled. Two busts are
seen behind the main figure on the canvas, which any one
will recognise in a moment as those of his lordship's old
friends, James Watt and the Duke of Wellington ; and
these, we believe, have been introduced by Lord Brougham's
special suggestion. The other accessories are entirely in
keeping with the subject, and of a singularly graceful
character.

A SUBSTITUTE FOR COAL.—There is in Trinidad,
only a mile Iron) the coast, a basin of 99 acres filled
with asphalt, yielding 70 gallons of crude oil per ton.
There are also springs of asphaltic oil in the neighbourhood,
and large pitch banks off the shore. It is estimated that
the take is capable of producing 300,000,000 gallons of oil,
and 40 or 50 gallons are consLered equal to a ton of coal.
The Trinidad Colonist publishes a snemoire by Mr. Stoll-
meyer, of Port of Spain, proposing the use of this liquid
fuel for oceanic steam navigation, and he states that he has
been at various times for these three years suggesting the
employment of a distillate from the pitch lake of Trinidad.
To oil a ship would not take above a tenth of the time it
takes to coal her if pipes were employed, and the oil would
not take above a fourth of the space occupied by coals. He
recommends that it be applied at once as auxiliary to coal
by throwing jets over the burning mass, but contemplates
eventually upright tubular boilers, the liquid fuel to be
supplied as fast as it can be converted into flame. Of
course the North American oil springs are another source
of supply.

A WILD-FLOWER SHOW is spoken r,f as a pro-
bable novelty in London,

THE QUEEN IN SCOTLAND.

BALMORAL, Oct. 2.
The Queen weut out yesterday with Prince and
Princess Louis of Hesse.
The Princesses Helena and Louise, attended by
Lady Churchill, rode to Invercauld.

Oct. 5,
The Queen, accompanied by Princess Louis of
Hesse and Princess Helena, went out yesterday
morning.

Her Majesty, accompanied by Prince and Princess
Louis of Hesse, the Princesses Helena, Louise, and
Beatrice, attended by Lady Catachill and Lady
Augusta Bruce, went at seven o'clock yesterday
evening to Abergeldie Castle to receive their Royal
Highnesses the Crown Prince and Princess of
Prussia, and Prince William, Princess Charlotte,
and Prince Albert Henry of Prussia on their arrival
from Edinburgh. _

Their Royal Highnesses the Crown Priflce and
Princess of Prussia, accompanied by Prince William,
Princess Charlotte, and Prince Albert Henry of
Prussia, and attended by Countess Hohenthal,
Baroness Dobenck, and Captain Lucadou, arrived
at Abergeldie Castle yesterday evening from Edin-
burgh, where their royal highnesses rested the
previous night, on their journey from Potsdam.