The Sun.
London, England, 1839-04-10 00:00:00

THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT GARDEN.

I Pi bhe it respectfolly informed, that the
PREe4ENT MANAGEMENT WILL TERMINATE

WITH THIS SEASON ;

Tits fullowing Pioiraminei6:th;;;&;giveon of its final ar.
rattgcuisnt

Tlia Standard Plays, as brought (out at this Theatre, vri
each ht parfonned ouee more, viz. -.
KING LEAH, MAC BET IT,

OTHELLO,

TIAAILET, CORIOLANUS, lON,
IIIE TWO POSCARI, WERNER, and VIRGINIUS.

THIS EVENING, /kraal. 10,
Will he rrlnrtneil the New Play, in Five Acts, eaThsa
RICHELIEU, OR THE CONSPIRACY,
Written by Sir E. I.tton Bulwer, Bart.
The Characters by
Sir. Fulton, Mr. Diddear, Mr. Macready, Mr. Warde, Mr. kn.
iersom, Ntr. Vining. Mr. Roberts, Mr. Phelps, Mr. G. Bea.
vett, lir. Howe. -Ass E. Phillips, Mr. Tilbury, Mr. Yar.
oeld, 31r. W. h. Payne, Mr. C. J. Smith, Mr. Bender,
Air. Paula. Mr. Gouili, Mr. Thorne, Mr. Brady, Mr. Bur-
,,a, Mr, 4mitn, Mr. Kirke, Mr. Hollingsworth, Mr. Wal-
dron, Mr. Aylitle, Mr. Andrews, Mr. T. Matthews, Miss
Helen Faueit, Miss Charles, Mesdames Reed, Corder, Lee,
Velassiake, Mathews, Mew, and Morgan.

After which,
THE ORIGINAL.
To conclude with
THE PORTRAIT OF CERVANTES.
To-Morrow, Richelieu, with A Roland for an Oliver, and
The Waterman.
On. Friday, Tlio Lady of Lyons.

LONDON:
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 1639.

A eensiderable number of petitions in favour of Mr.
Iltee's plan of universal penny postage, were presented
last night in the House of Commons, showing the great
interest which this subject excites. We know of none
which would he more generally beneficial that the re-
auction of postage, and the people cannot too actively
bestir themselves in petitioning for it. A new objection
to the plan of paying in advance has, we see, been
started by Mr. M'Cueeocir, in the recently published
Supplement to his Commercial Dictionary, to this
effect :,--At present the necessity of accounting for
the postage of the letter secures, it is supposed,
the pttnetual delivery of them ; and were this neces-
sity to account done away by the payment of the
.
post-
age is advance, no security, it is supposed,
d would exist
fir the careful performance of this
liuty.
.Now this
view, if worthy sagacious, isl mora y unjust. Arc
there no duties punctually a cheerfully performed in
life withent security beinsgenge taken
of or given for the per-
formance ? Is the,j honourNv 0
uld
th nothinge o
s?
Is the sense of duty of no importance
of ft good place, and the loss of character if discharged
s
ti,r negegenee, have no effect on letter-carriers. This
pseurki kind of sagacity, which is founded on universal
suspieion, has this bad effect--it generates the crimes
it 'redid arced, Trust and confidence are indispensible.
No awake and counter-checks can guarantee society
ageeinet roguery. It is far better, therefore, to confide
in rem and by confidence pique their sense of honour
and of duty into rectitude. We only regard such an
objection as that, node by Mr. M'Culloch as important
;a a thoroughly corrupt and debased society, in which no
mate is honest except by force of being watched; and the
first stetyto improving it isto abolishthe mistrustful system.
ify.eatleracn, if parents, may be entrusted to perform
e.,!,eir duties, so may letter-carriers ; and it, is our belief
aiat letters would be as punctual y delivered when
nothi,, was to be collected on delivering them, as now
when the postage has to be gathered at every door.
Sir ROage.T PEEL announced that he means to move
on Monday en amendment to Lord .JOHN RUSSELL'S
motion, hut he deferred, till Friday, stating the pre-
cise terms and object of hie amendment.
That pattern of patriots, Sir F. BURDETT, expressed
a great anxiety to hare the appointment of Mr. O'CON-
NBLL to the magistracy before the debate on the 15th,
and the Hon. Baronet is to be gratified.
After a brief discussion, Mr. POULETT THoMSON's
motion to postpone the further consideration of all Re-
ports en Railway Bills till April 23, was agreed to,
eloogh it was appropriately remarked by Mr. HAWES,
that the whole subject of Railway police and regulation
should have been taken up long ago.
Mr. LAROUCHERE moved for leave to bring in a Bill
to suspend the existing Government of the Island of
Jamaica. The 'tight Hon. Member explained that the
necessity of the measure arose from the impossibility of
getting"the Legislature of Jamaica to consent to tile mea-
sures which were necesssary in the new circumstances of
the Colony, in consequence of the emancipation of the ne-
etoes.That Legislature complained of Great Britain inter-
fering, amongst other things, to make regulations for the
gaols of the Island, which it regarded as a high
tafringsment of its privileges, and refused in consequence
to proceed to perform any necessary acts till the Impe-
ril" Legislature ceased to interfere. There were great
rite existing in Jamaica in regard to the confinement and
renisliment of the negroes, which the House of Assembly
I kid refuted to rectify. There was an open contest betwen
I the beat and the Imperial Parliament, and
'.'..!';',Vl tcr:lnther refused to take any active measures,
„ritioirtwouhi
bathe bulk of the emancipated popula-
entitled to
i vote for representatives.
liiielraistate of things not be continued. He
sitottld propose to suspende
t;11.
trik. ifillinS power in a .Gover
e
noconstitution, vesting the
._r uind Council for five
--.445- d adding to the Council three persons to be sent
4" 'll;bl;euNiotnhieosuggheneorpapiolise, dto
‘ Legislative As-
`ye., considering the
4., sic* ;Jed existed for a century, tboe;he it
,
V e respected; and he blamed the Government

C'rq~J
~ .~ . t.

for not having treated the Legislature of Jamaica with
proper deference.
Sir G. GREY, lately Under-Secretary of the Colonies,
defended the conduct of the Government, and expressed
his regret that the measure should be made necessary by
the refusal of the Legislature of Jamaica to act in a cor-
dial spirit with the Imperial Legislature.
Mr. GLADSTONE reserved his opposition till the Bill
was fully before the House.
Mr GODSON was against the Bill.
Sir ROBERT PEEL thought both the Government
and the House of Assembly were to blame, but princi-
pally the Government. He thought an intermediate
course might be adopted, and recommended the Govern-
ment to try the paths of conciliation.
Dr. LUSHINOTON supported the Bill, as it was ab-
solutely necessary to make some regulations for the
new condition of master and servant in Jamaica ; a
duty which the Colonial Legislature would not perform.
After some observations from Lord STANLEY and
Lord JOHN RUSSELL, leave was given, and the Bill
was brought in.
On the motion of Mr. G. PALMER a Committee
was appointed to investigate the causes of the ship-
wrecks of timber vessels. Most probably it has some
connection with our timber-duties.
Mr. II aavEr's motion for a list of those persons
through whose property the railroads proposed by tile
Commissioners for Railroads in Ireland will pass was
agreed to. The House sat till nearly Half-past Ten.

The continuance of Church-rates, as appears by
a report from Truro, inserted in another part of The
Sun, is exciting no inconsiderable commotion in
the West of England. The voice that is there raised
will be echoed in all parts of the kingdom, and the
exactions of the Church will cause a new hubbub
in the countri. On this question the community
is divided into parties, and scarcely any man re-
frains from taking one side or the other. The
Judges, it is plain, as they are Churchmen or Dis-
senters, must share the feelings of their friends,
anti, even when they deserve it, will hardly receive
credit for impartiality. We are not much surprized
therefore, to learn that the people of Truro, fancy-
ing that the Judge had acted impartially, gave
three groans for him. Church-rates are a
nuisance ; the hubbub they are exciting, and have
long excited, throughout the land is a nuisance ; but
the suspicion they throw on the judgment seat, is a
great injury to society. One of the few things of
which we can truly and honestly boast, as compared
to the nations of the Continent, is the character of
our Judges, and if that be destroyed by the exactions
of the Church, introducing a sectarian bias into the
decisions of the bench, the administration of the
law will soon become as much a bye•word as the
law itself. Our statutes are a confused medley ; the
common law is an inextricable mass of unsuit-
able and contradictory decisions, and both have only
been tolerated, because of the confidence reposed in
the integrity of those who administered them. If
this be now shaken or destroyed, the law and all
which belongs to it will speedily go to decay. Those
who step in toprotect the individuals in question,and
to procure the abolition of Church-rates, will do
something, therefore, to uphold the law, as well as
to promote justice. The appeal which is made to
the country at large, and to the inhabitants of the
metropolis in particular, by an advertisement
which appears elsewhere, will, we know, not be
made in vain. The success will teach the Judges,
who require to be sometimes admonished, that they
are liable, like the rest of mankind, to failures and
errors ; it will be a consolation to the sufferers who
are unjustly punished ; and it will give vigour to
the resistance to Church-rates.

We have always contended that property in the
creations of the mind, considered abstractedly, stands
upon as solid a foundation, and is therefore as much
entitled to the protection of the Legislature as pro-
perty of any other kind whatever. To deny it this
protection, on the ground that there is an essential
distinction between things material, like land, for
instance, and things immaterial, like mental concep-
tions, is little less than absurd ; because it proceeds
upon the erroneous assumption, that the right to pro-
perty depends upon the nature or quality of the
thing possessed, and not upon the relation in which.
it stands to the possessor. We believe, how-
ever, that there are now very few persons who
hold this opinion, the right having been generally
conceded, and the only question being how its exer-
cise may be regulated without injustice to authors
and detriment to the public. It is in this adjust-
ment of conflicting interests that the great difficulty
of the question consists, and it is in cases like this,
that principles which are impregnable
in theory re-
quire to be modified in practice. To carry out the
principle to its full extent, the law ought to
secure a perpetual copyright to an author in his
works, but this is not demanded by the learned
promoter of the measure, because he knows it to
be impracticable. He has wisely limited the object
of his Bill to an extension of the existing life term
to sixty years beyond the author's death. Whether
this extension shall be beneficial to those for whose
benefit it is intended, or whether, leaving them in
state quo, it shall not operate against the public,
and in favour of the purchasers of copyright ex-
clusively, are questions which must be determined
by the alterations which the Bill undergoes in Com-
mittee. As it now stands it assuredly will not
answer the benevolent purposes of its flamer. In-
deed, were it to pass the Legislature in its present
state, we could hardly regard it in any other light
than that of an unmitigated evil.
The objects of the measure, as we understand it,
are to encourage the productioc of standard works
of literature, and at the same time to secure better
remuneration to literary men for their labours, so as
to enable them to leave their families in a less desti-
tute condition than they usually do. Now, how are
these objects proposed to be attained in the Bill?
It is quite clear that the man who sits down to the
composition of a literary work with a view to future
profit will be governed as to the labour he may be-
stow upon it by the expectation which he may rea-
sonably entertain of remuneration. The publishers
declare with one voice that they will give no more
for a sixty years' copyright than for one which lasts
twenty-eight years, because there is scarcely an in-
stance in which a copyright is worth anything at
the end of the latter period, and in most instances
books run their course in three or four years. The
mere lengthening of the period, therefore, cannot be
supposed to have much influence on the advance-
ment of literature, as far as that depends on the re-
muneration given for literary works ; but its obvious
and indeed inevitable consequence must be, to give
the purchasers of copyrights a monopoly for the
whole of this long term against the public, without
putting an additional shilling into the pockets of
authors. _ _

Ilow then, it may be asked, are the author and
his family to be benefited ? By what sort of pro-
vision are their interests to be consulted? There
is but one way in which this can be accomplished,
and that is, as we have before suggested, by re-
stricting the disposal of the author's right in his
works to a short period, say ten years, at a time.
By this means an author will have a continuous
interest in his works, will derive the greatest pos-
sible advantage from them, both for himself in his
life-time and for his family after his death, and will
be stimulated to the utmost to bestow upon their
composition that time and labour which may give
them a permanent value, and without which it is
in vain to expect any very high degree of excellence
in literature.
If it be objected to this limitation of an author's
control over his property, that it would be deroga-
tory to literary men, as implying a special incapa-
city or imprudence on their part, in the manage-
ment of their own concerns, it is sufficient to say,
that it is called for by the peculiar circumstances of
the case. Such is the relative position of authors
and publishers, that the former are almost always at
the mercy of the latter. Quid nisi prceda sumus
may be with truth assumed as the motto
of the literary class, if we look to the
comparative advantages which their labours have
produced to themselves and to thcir publishers.
They have no doubt got their full share of empty
praise, but the solid pudding has fallen to the hap-
pier lot of others. And this state of things must
continue while authors remain, as we fear they
must always do, under the ban of poverty, unless
the Legislature interfere to protect them by some
such provision as we are recommending. An author,
in fact, must otherwise sell his copyright " out and
out," as the publishers phrase it, and that too, in
the generality of cases, for any sum he can get for
it. Let it be remembered also, that in regard to
works of literature, no one can tell what they may
be worth beforehand. A certain time—often a
very considerable time—must elapse after their
publication before their real value can be estimated,
this respect they differ from other kinds of pro-

perty, and therefore a different mode of dealing
with them becomes nece,,ary.

The partizans of the late French Ministry are
seriously alarmed at the seeming determination of
a majority of the Chamber of Deputies to insti-
tute an inquiry respecting the extent to which the
the Cabinet was a party to the system of open
bribery carried on during the late elections. That
a motion to this effect would be made, is stated in
the Paris Liberal Journals of Monday ; but, up
to the hour of post, it was not brought before
the Chamber. The business of disputed returns
occupied the Deputies on Monday, and was ex-
pected to occupy it for two or three sittings, if not
longer. According to private accounts from Paris,
the debate on Monday was characterized by all the
animation, earnestness, and party-spirit which dis-
tinguished it on Saturday. There appears to be a
momentary pause in the conduct of the negociations
for forming a new Ministry. Of SOULT S com-
plete failure, there no longer exists a doubt in any
quarter.
The Moniteur of Monday announces that the
KING received an autograph letter from his High-
ness PHILIPPE, Landgrave, of Hesse-Hom-
berg, announcing the death of his brother, the
Landgrave Louis. The Court of France goes
into mourning for eight days.
On Sunday the KING, after transacting business
with the ad interim Minister of Foreign Affairs,
Justice, and Public Instruction, had a long inter-
view with Marshal SOULT. The particulars did
not transpire, but it was presumed that the Marshal
took occasion to impress his MAJESTY with the
' utter hopelessness of any efforts made by him to
form a permanent Ministry. in the mean time,
the irritation of parties increases ; 'he country is
kept in a state of feverish excitement ; and ivery
new movement but selves to discover some fresh
proof of the decline of Royal influence. With all
his cleverness, the KING has proved himself no
match for M. TIMERS ; for, view the question as
we may, it has hitherto been as direct a personal
contest between the sovereign and the individual
subject, as was the famous struggle in England
between GEORGE 111. and Mr. WILKES.
The support which the Doctrinaires gave the
Left and the Left Centre on Saturday, in attacking
Ministerial corruption, has revived the hopes of the
Liberal Journals for the election of M. BARROT
to the Presidency of the Chamber. Upon this
now very important question we find the following
observations in the Courrier Francais—a respect-
able Moderate journal
The parliamentary movement of 1838 united the Left
and Right sides of the Chamber against a Cabinet which
represented nothing but itself, and which was but the
contemptible produce of an anonymous intrigue. In
this combined attack of parties, the Left was
the pivot upon which all turned. Other parties
furnished leaders and officers; the Left alone furnished
soldiers and principles. The entire press—that voice
of combat—came from its ranks. There can be no majo-
tity at the present moment without the Left is against it.
If the Coalition should survive its triumph, if Left and
Right remain united, it belongs to the Left—that party
which is the most numerous and the furthest removed from
power—to give a President to the Chamber. But if the
Doctrinaires fall off, and return to the bosom of the old
Ministerialists, then the Chamber is divided in two, and
choice must be made between two candidates, M. Guizot
and M. Barrot. All admit that a Ministry is impossible
to be formed without M. Thiers. But M. Thiers himself
could not act without M. Barrot. The Left does not want
to be the Government ; but it has a veto as the Govern.
ment. M. Barrot did not consent to become Minister
with M. Thiers, although the King himself pointed out this
combination, and although the Doctrinaires promised to
support it. But the alliance still endures, and will endure
until the hour of fusion. For the mutual security of the
Left and the Left Centre, it is necessary that M. Thiers
be Minister, and M. Barrot President."
The .Journal des Debats is of opinion that M.
TRIERS ought to interpret the rejection of M.
BAnnoT's claims to the Presidency of the Chamber
by the Deputies, as tantamount to the rejection of
his own pretensions to the Presidency of the Coun-
cil, and so resign all thoughts of a seat in the
Cabinet. M. TRIERS has too much sagacity to
be so gulled by an enemy. France being without a
bona fide Cabinet, there can in reality be no trial of
strength involving the honour of the chiefs of any
party in the election or non-election of any officer
the, ChaTuber, -

The following are extracts from the French
Journals of Monday :--
B&TONNY, Aram 4.—The two armies undertake no
military operations. Nothing has taken place during the
week that has just ended, except the concentration of the
Queen's troops in the Ribera, and the arrangements of
Maroto to oppose material obstacles to any attempt of
Espartero.
A superior Carlist officer, who has fled in consequence
of the persecution of Maroto, states that Brigadier. General
Carmina was with him at Ceranqui, when on the 17th Fe-
bruary, in the evening, he received a letter from the Ge-
neral, inviting him to join him at Estella, to confer with
him. The public was already informed of the arrest of
the other Generals. Carmina presented himself at five
o'clock on the morning of the 18th to Maroto, who re-
ceived him very well, invited him to breakfast, and
gave him chocolate. When breakfast was over, he
was sent to the Fort de Pruz, with an aide-de-camp
without being told that he was going thither as a prisoner.
On his entering it, notice was given to Carmina and the
four other Generals, that they were all to be shot within an
hour. Confessors were introduced to them. In fact, in
spite of all their entreaties to be allowed to settle their
family affairs, they were shot before six o'clock in the
morning.
Maroto has promised to justify this unparalleled proceed-
ing ; he has persuaded the public that there were proofs of
the treason of the Generals who were shot. But two
months have elapsed, and he remains silent on the subject,
and doubt begins to be entertained of the truth of Maroto's
assertions ; if be does not keep his promise, he is exposed
to great dangers.
The Navarese seem to be the principal objects of the
fears and the hatred of Maroto and his partisans. Hence
the flight of great numbers of them into France, and the
disappearance of others. Part of the five battalions of
Navarre, has already deserted.
Generals Sopilana and Arroys have been arrested, and
are kept in close confinement for having spoken against
Maroto, after receiving the decree of 21st Feb.
Don Theodore Gilos, surgeon to Don Carlos, who was
dismissed with Tarraquat, has obtained permission to re-
side in this city.—Le Constitutionnel.
BOURSE.—PkRIS, MONDAY, APRIL 5,

HALF-PAST TMRcE.—The French Stocks have but little va.
tied. Far the Account the Three per Cents. opened at 80f.
40c., and after being sOf. 43c., closed at !Of. 35e. The Five per
Cents. from 109 f. 70c., declined to 109 f. 63c., the last prices of
both being thus as on Saturday. For money the only alteration is
a decline of cents. on the Five per Cents. The Bank of France
Shares are 2f. 50c. better. The Laftitte Bank 11,009 f Shares are
3f., and those of I,ooof. are: 50c. higher. The Belgian Five
per Cents. have not varied. The Belgian Bank Shares are 2f. 50e.
lower; the Three per Cents. for the Account are also 2f. 30c.
lower. The Spanish Active has had but the one price of 20i. The
Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., seldom quoted, are per cent.
lower than on Saturday. The Neapolitan Bonds have advanced
another 5 cents., and the Ronan i per cent. The only alteration
in Railway Shares is a rise of :2f. s('c. in the Versailles Left Bank ;
2f. 50c. in the Strasburg to Basle; and 10f. in the Mulhausen to
Thann.

First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French &per Cents lll 60 ... 108 e 0 ... 106 55 ... ISO 65
4% per Cents lOl 75 ... 104 75 ... 104 75 ... 101 75
4 per Cents l9l 90 ... 101 90 ... 11l 90 ... 101 90
$ per Cents KO ::0 ... 80 30 ... 80 SO ... 11 36
lank of Trance
Lalfitte Dank I,ooof. Sli 1059 ...1050 ...IWO —lO5O
5,609 f. Sh SL9O ...5191) —.5190 ...5 941
Ultima a per Cents 102)4 ... 10.24 ... 102% ... 102%
3 per tents... .....
Bank O2 5 . ... 02 0 ... 00 ... 692 50
Coupons
Dutch 2% per Cents 56 ... 56 ... 50 ... 56
s,.anish Ac lye Ol4 ... 2044 ... 2.a% ... 201,,
Oon Miguel bYe ... 5% ... 5 ... 54
Neapolitan
Roman
RAILWAY SHAREs.

.Ah_ _
St. Germain
Versailles, N. B 675 ~,, 675
... ,72 zo
... 672
40
L.B. 215 ... V 9 ... 245 ... 230
Charleroi 455 ... 455 ... 453 ... 455
Havre
... 955
Strsaburg to Bale ... .......
Mulbausen to Thann
ASPPIALTES AND SITU iIk:NS.
Seyssel (A) 2150 ...2150 ...2150 ...215)
Yarn (Moberly's)
Galvaniz d Iron
DUTCH FUNDS.—AMSTARDAM, APRIL 8.
Moey. Him,.
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent
Ditto, ditto 5 per cent.
Arnett Syndic, 454 per cent ..................
Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent. ..................
Commercial Company, 4% per cent 179 178%
Ditto (1832 and 1833) 5 per cent. ..........
Ditto 1437, 5 per cent. lOO% 101
Loan 1837, 5 per cent. 9B 98%
Exchange on London, One month ll 97%
Two months ......
PIUSSIAN FUNDS.—BLRLIN APRIL 4.
'Birls. Money.
St. Schuld. Sch., 4 per sent. —..... ...... .. 103 102
54
Prussian English Loan, 1830, 4 per cent. 109.4 102
lixchange on London, three months ... 6 2t 1.4
—Friaries State Gazette. April 5.

Madrid Journals of the Ist inst. have reached us
this morning. They contain no news save that an
entire reconciliation has taken place among the
members of the Cabinet. MM PEREZ DR CA S-
TRO, ALA ix,"and PIZARRO, have shaken hands.
So there will be no change of Ministry for the
present. The news from the Provinces is confined
to accounts of the movements of small divisions of
troops from one Province to another. ESPARTERO
is at his old trade—reconnoitering.

The following highly important intelligence from
Mexico appeared in the Second Edition of The
Evening Sun of yesterday
:
IMPORTANT FROM MEXICO.
It affords us the highest gratification to state, that
the long-existing differences between Mexico and France
have been at last amicably arranged, through the effectual
mediation of the British Minister, Mr. Pakenham. This
intelligence is communicated in the following letters from
Vera Cruz, dated the 9th and 10th of March, brought by

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