The Sun.
London, England, 1863-04-24 00:00:00

-
( (7

No. 22,096

THE SUN, LONfooN, YRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 24, 1863

Nov ready, at all the Libraries, in 2 vols., 215.,
LIFE AMONG CONVICTS.
y the Rev. C. B. GIBiON,

beforehand people in Pans daily asked themselves when the
end would come. It was rather thought that the President
was tardy in taking the step which the vast majority of the
French people were almost audibly calling upon him to
take. The corruption of the Government of Louis Philippe,
—the events, domestic and foreign, which angered the
nation and hastened his fall—the discredit of the republic,
—the bloody scenes in the streets of Paris—the ill-dis-
guised schemes of the Red Republicans, who seemed at one
moment about to clutch the reins of Government—the
squabbles and incapacity of the representative Chambers
under the President—the general feeling of uncertainty,
disquiet, and insecurity—and the universal yearning after
something firm and stable turned the thoughts
of the nation towards an empire under a strong
hand. Louis Napoleon was the only man who united
in his person the verims qualities and conditions
which could give him a title in the eyes of the
great mass of the people to govern France. That he ful-
filled their wishes in assuming supreme power, there can
be no doubt. That he was condemned by many great and
good men, who had the liberties of their country dearly at
heart, is equally true. But when these men whose influ-
ence with a certain section of the people was to be feared,
were carried off, as Mr. Kinglake has described, like felons
in a prison van, where in France was the hand raised in
th it defence, or where the voice of sympathy heard in
their behalf ? To say that the French nation was so held
down and terrified treat it dared not act er speak, is to
assert that which is palpab'y absurd. If their feelings had
been seriously outraged, the people would have risen as
they had risen before.
Mr. Kinglake's sketch of the character of the Emperor,
his sneer at his personal courage, and his merciless and
reckless abuse---sometimes uttered in words scarcely befit-
ting, at other times in unbecoming sarcasm— have been so
gent-rally and justly condemned, that wo have no wish to
dwell upon them.
Mr. Kinglake is constrained to admit the total indiffe-
rence with which the coup d'etat was viewed by the vast
majority of the population of Paris. The chiefs of the ex-
treme democratic party—of that party which was most feared
by moderate men and by the commercial classes o: France
—bought, after the arrest of the deputies, to excite a
popular tumult, and, with the help of the Reds, to raise a
ear-made at the corner of the Rue St. Marguerite, in the
Faubourg St. Antoine; but Mr. Kinglake confesses that
they received little sympathy and no aid from the people.
One battalion of the 19.,h regiment of the line sufficed to
disperse them, but not without bloodshed : Charles Baudin
and another deputy of the democratic faction were killed.
The Committee of Resistance then caused barricades to be
thrown up in the streets between the Hotel de Ville and the
Boulevards—that part of Paris which up to this period had
alwaysgreat
bemenasthseotcetzte p,reopfusluacthion f attempts
the capital took no part,tempts at revolution. Still
and up to the 4th of December the Government had no fear
of any organised resistance to its authority. On the after-
noon of that day, however, the barricades becoming more
numerous, General Magnan received omen to take them
and to disperse those who had raised them. He sent a
strong column to occupy the broad boulevards stretching
from the Madeleine to the first barricade near the Porte St.
Denis. Notices, as Mr. Kinglake admits, had been pre-
viously posted in the public paces, and distributed, calling
upon the people not to assemble in or to encumber the
streets, and cautioning them that any crowd would be
dispersed by force without further summons. Ample
warning seems thus to have been given. Mr. Kinglake
describes General Magnan as "wavering, and throwing
away the whole of the morning, and the greater part of the
afternoon." The fact was that, acting upon the experience
of Gmeral Cavaignac and others who had been engaged in
quelling similar risings, instead of scattering his troops, he
kept them together until the insurgents were collected at
the principal barricades, which were then taken without
difficulty or much bloodshed. The column on the B •ule-
var 's had captured the barricade near the Porte St. Denis.
All resistance had ceased. The troops were resting on their
arms ; the officers collected in knots ; idlers were gathering
together on 'he pavement, and appearing at the windows.
Suddenly some shots were fired from a house upon the
soldiers. They were seized with a sudden panic, not un-
common to men so pl,ced, and, facing round the whole line,
and, it would seem, without any order from their officers,
they commenced firing upon those who stood as spectators
at the windows and in the streets. A field-piece was
bro ght to bear against one house, from which, there is
reason to believe, shots had been fired.
Accounts differ as to the time during which the
firing continued. Ac iorsiing to the testimeny of one
who wAe present, it scarcely lasted more than five
minutes, and few of the men had time to reload
before their officers interposed and stopped them,
Even according to the witness cited by Mr Kinglake, it
only lasted a quarter of an hour. However that may be,
many victims fell in what may be admitted to have been
an unprovoked and barbarous attack, equally disgraceful to
the troops which committed it, and to those who were in a
position to prevent it. It might have been thought that the
bare statement of the facts as they occurred would have
sufficed even so virulent a writer as Mr. Kinglake. But,
as usual, he goes out of his way to heap up story upon
story, without sifting the evidence upon which they may be
founded, so long as thee tell against the object of his hate
—the Emperor Napoleon. The principal witness he pro-
duces is one Captain Jesse, who stood in a balcony near the
corner f the Rue Montauban, and who sent an account of
whit he saw to .he Ttmes. We all know how easily a
'can's judgment may be influenced and affected by an event
as alarming as that witnessed by Captain Jesse, and how
natural is the tendency,under such circumstances, to exalt_
gerate it. But every statement that in any way contradicts
him, Mr. Kinglake rejects (vol. i. p. 268 note). In other
ports of Paris fighting was going on, and much blood
was no doubt shed, especially as the street barricades
were more obsinately defended than those on the Boule-
vards. Mr. Kinglake states that men and women innocent
of any share in the fight were made prisoners and delibe-
rately shot. Others, he declares, were killed in the court-
yards of the Prefecture by police-officers, with loaded
clubs, as men who killed bullocks. For this fact he
sXtravieerto
1 eU,
the apeople" Red Republican,
~ in the Faubourg St.
rio:e quotesM.
strove
who
Antoine (p. 254), who says that he saw some •
"raiseU rri
peoand one of
thing of the kind from his prison window, but whose
wor s, as given by Mr. Kinglake in a note (p. 274), do
not quite bear out the somewhat exaggerated statement in
the text. Mr. Kinglake willingly gives currency to stories
of " whole batches of men shot by platoons" in cold blood
and by night in Paris. It is surprising that, as a lawyer,
he should have produced in support of his belief such evi-
dence as that of the "Judge-Substitute," who " under-
etood" that men were carried off from geols to be shot;
who," indeed, was certain that they were so shot," although
he had no personal knowledge of the fact (p. 279). Sounds
f platoon firing, accompanied by shrieks, were heard in the
dead of the night in "one of the undisturbed quarters of
Paris "—in the Faubourg St. Germain, probably, where
the Paris gobemouches who nourish Mr. Kinglake chiefly
dwell. He ad s, without one atom of proof, that the bodies
of men thus murdered were buried in batches in pits. Such

Chapl 'in in the Convict Service.
" A very interesting account of Convict life. It deserves to
be carefully read.''—The Reader.
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True History of the Coup d'Etat

From a masterly criticism upon Mr. Kinglake's
" History (sot d sant) of the Crimean War" in the
newly-published number of the Quarterly, we quote
the following perfectly conclusive and wholely
uo-
answerable narrative of the actual facts as they
were, and as they are now proved to have be n, in
reference to the ever-memorable Second of De-
cember

The chapter which contains the history of the coup d'etat
of the 2d December illustrates the tendency of Mr. King-
lake to warp every fact so as to suit his own particular
theories; to receive any evidence, however untrustworthy,
which may support his own preconceived views; and to
reject any testimony, however weighty, which m• ,y be at
variance with them. The truth of history is sacrificed to
the most malignant persecution of the object of his rancour
and hate. With reckless ingenuity he mingles fact and
fiction : whilst avoiding positive statements, he cunningly
insinuates inferences opposite to the truth, dives into the
gutter for every remnant of personal scandal has recourse
to the vutgarest arts of rhetoric, and leaves no means un-
tried to prejudice the minds and to influence the passions
of he reader.

I It happens that those English writers who have written
about the Emperor, and the condition of France under his
rule, have for the most part derived their opinions and their
information from the leading members of the two great poli-
tical parties who have been deprived of power by him, and
are consequently hostile to him. The most distinguished
French literary and political men have belonged to the
Orleanist party. These writers and thinkers have exercised,
and justl• , a certain influence on the literary men and
women of this country. They have given a certain hue to
the opinions of English s' ciety and of the English press
with regard to France and her ruler. Moreover, those
whose object it has been to dii-credit the Emperor, and to
bring him into hatred and contempt, have been persons of
great activity and ready resource. They have moved rest-
lessly about with their mouths full of slander, and their
pockets tull of pamphlets.
Into the hands of these persons Mr. Kinglake seems to
have helplessly fallen. He goes even beyond them in the
intensity of his hate and in the bitterness of his tongue. He
pursues the Emperor and those about him with a rancorous
anitnoeity and a fierce, fiery invective which savours more
of the unforgiving vengeance of one who has experienced
some great personal wrong, than of the calm judgment of
the historian. He so overwhelms them with taunts, sar-
casm, and sneers that at length tee reader, however unfavour-
able his opin.on of the men may originally have been, feels
sympathy for human beings so remorselessly persecuted.
Louis Napoleon, Pereigny, more properly Fialin, St.
Arnaud, formerly Le Roy, Maupas, and Fleury, become,
from bad men who should be objects of our hatred, martyrs
and victims to be pitied, By this ill-advised and unscru •
pulous, and, let us add, un-English course, Mr. Kinglake
has frustrated his own object. It has brought about a
reaction in favour of the Emperor, and has led people to
forget hie faults and his misdeeds in a manly indignation at
the injustice done to him, Those who in the country had
from the beginning denounced his political sins—those who
in his own capital had held aloof from him because they
could not condone acts which they conscientiously con-
demned—have gathered for the fitst time about him to
prove at least that they protest against the reckless accu-
sations contained in Mr. Kinglake's book.
Mr. Kinglake seems entirely ignorant of both France and
Frenchmen. According to him, a free and constitutiona
country was suddenly mad in one night bound and trampled
down by a small band of conspirators—men of no character
or reputation, and of small ability and means. A phut
hatched by them within the walls of the Elysee sulfi ed in
few hours to change the destiny of France and to influ-
ence the public policy of Europe. The President and his
accomplices having secured the services of some unscrupu-
lous men, and having bribed the army, effected this great
crime to the dishonour of their country, but to their own
personal gain.
But let the truth be told. It was not the Emperor, who,
aided by his associates, had alone conspired against the
liberties of Francife.oonTsphireaetyreiattwbaoed,yanofd thhee, nfraotmiona wvaerretetiyn
o their leader. The coup d etat of the 2d
otDhfeicscaecumosnbesesi:ribwreaacesaymno unexpected event. If ever conspiracy
was public in the hatching, it was this one, For months

things ara denied by well-informed persons and by the more
respectable leaders of the Republican party themselves, and
we have never met with an impartial Frenchman who be-
lieves in them.
To the most exaggerated accounts of the number of the
slain Mr. Kinglake, in spite of his comical assertion that
"it is hard to believe such things," seems to give credit.
According to a nameless Colonel, one regiment alone killed
2,460 men I As the regiments " operating against Paris"
were between 30 and 40, 20 of which were on active work,
he believes that " a very high number would be wanted for
recording the whole quantity of the slaughter." Taking
his own arithmetic, this would give a total loss of 48,000
killed ! We presume that from 20,000 to 25,000 would
scarcely satisfy him. In great battles where large armies
have stood face to face in serried ranks and in deadly strife
from dawn to dark, such slaughter has probably never been
witnessed : the total of the British killed at Waterloo was
onty 2,109. How could it have been inflicted upon the
passengers in a street and spectators at a window, who at
the first shot would at once flee in all directions ? The very
sight of a dozen dead bodies would naturally lead peaceful
citizens to think that there had been a general massacre.
l'heir evidence in the midst of these alarms, or in the
anguish of remembrance, would be of little value to the
historian. Mr. Kinglake, fmgetting the character of a
judge in that of the partisan, accepts all without scruple.
Two documents, however, exist, bearing an offic al cha-
racter,stoautninded, is quoted by Mr. Kinglake
stating
the loss of soldiers and officers
of returns of the killed and wounded in December,
at 25 .killednand them, 8
4w
° of
(p. 282). How comes he to omit all allusion to the corre4-
ponding list, published at the same time, of the civilians
1
killed ? It would be an insult to the labours and re-
searches of eight ye Ira to suppose that he is not aware of
its existence.

The list to which we refer was drawn up by the " Chef
giving license for ifs inter-
or of this fficer, the late emi•
de la Salubrite," at the Hotel de la Prefecture, whose duty
it is to examine every dead body at the hospitals of Paris
mand n
t. at
Thehe Morgueam name
a nd previousch ara tte
nent surgeon M. Trebuchet, is a sufficient voucher for its
veracity. According to it the total number of " persons
not belonging to the army, ki led on the 3.1, 4th, 51h. and
6th of December, 1851, or dead of their wounds," amounted
to 1911 No attempt could be made to ascertain the number
of the wounded, who were, of course, concealed by their
friends to keep clear of the police.
The reason of Mr. Kinglake's silence with respect to the
document we have quoted is evident. It demolishes at once
his monstrous ins'nuation that the massacre of peaceful
citizens on the Boulevards on the 4th December was the re-
sult of a cunningly devised scheme on the part of the Em-
peror Napoleon to awe the inhabitants of Paris, to establish
his rule, mid to make himself the arbiter of the destinies of

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France and of Europe. It was the evident interest of the
Emperor that the inhabitants of Paris should be conciliated,
and that bloodshed should be avoided as much as possible.
It was to prevent it that he had arrested the leading depu-
ties, including "the street captains and the chiefs of secret
societies" (p. 253), and the heads of parties who might have
organised resistance. Mr, Kinglake would surely not wish
us to believe that there never had been an emeute in Paris.
There had been many a one before ; there has been none
since.

PRICE .4d.
STAMPED ....6d.

Col. Towneley, Lord Uxbridge, Lord Wilton, Lord West-
moreland, Lord Winchilsea, and Lord Zetland.
Lord GLASGOW moved the following resolution, which
Was seconded by Lord STRATHMORE :
" That after the termination of the First Spring Meeting,
1863, no race shall be run at Newmarket over a shorter dis-
tance than the T.Y.C., with the exception of 2. yr-old plates
and stakes run between the commencement of the Craven
and the end of the First October Meetings, which may be
run any course not less than half a mile."

This rule not to apply to matches, or to private sweep-
stakes of 25 sous each or upwards,
Admiral Rous withdrew the amendment of which he
had given notice, and Lord COVENTRY moved the follow-
ing amendment, which was seconded by Lord WINcHIL-
SEA :-

" That all handicaps over a shorter distance than three
quarters of a mile be abolished at Newmarket for the
future."

After some discussion a division took place, when the
numbers were—for Lord Coventry's amendment, 7; for
Lord Glasgow's motion 15. Lord Glasgow's motion was
therefore declared to be carried.

Admiral Rous then proposed to amend the second para-
graph of iule 42, as passed at the last meeting, by inserting
after the words "the three stewards" the words "of the
Jockey Club," which was unanimou-ly agreed to.
A discussion rose upon this rule 42 generally, which was
thouvht to require some attention, iu order not to limit un-
duly the power of stewards of country meetings, and also to
define accurately the time at which cusp• nsion rhould com-
mence when a complaint against a jockey is not heard on
the day on which the offence compl-ined of is committed,
and some notices of amendment were given, to be taken into
conside: ation at a meeting of the Jockey Club on Friday
(to-day).

Some further business not of a public nature was trans-
acted, and the meeting adjourned.

The following totices of motion have been given for the
meeting which is to be held to-day :

"To insert in the second paragraph of rule 42, as pub-
lished in Sheet Calendar, No. XIT., after the words 'no
jockey can be susp-nded ' the words beyond the meeting
at which the offence is committed.' "

" lro add to the third paragraph, after the words last
race of the day,' the words 'on which the punishment is
awarded.' "

LAW INTELLIGENCE.-April 23.

COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH.

:sittings in Banco at Westminster, before Lord Chief
Justice Cockburn, Mr. Justice Crompton, Mr.

Justice Blackburn, and Mr. Justice Mellor.)
EN PARTE THE EARL OF CARDIGAN V. LIEUTENANT-
COLONEL THE HON. SOMERSET TALBOT CALTHORPE.-
THE LIGHT CAVALRY CHARGE AT BALAKLAVA.
In this case, relating to the bravely-made but
calamitous light cavalry charge at Balaklava, Major
General the Earl of Cardigan, who commanded the
brigade and led on the charge, complains that he
has been grossly misrepresented.
Mr. Bovill, Q.C., with whom was Mr. Garth,
now applied, on behalf of the noble and gallant
general, the Earl of Cardigan, for a rule calling upon
the Hon. Lieutenant-Colonel Somerset Talbot Cal-

horpe, who served in the Crisman war, and who

has written a book entitled "Letters from Head-
quarters, the Realities of the War in the Crimea,"
by an officer on the Staff, to show cause why a cri-
minal action should not be filed against him for a
libel reflecting upon, and calculated, if uncontra-
dicted, to reflect upon and prove injurious to the
military reputation of the noble and gallant general.
The libel complained of was contained in the de-
scription of the attack by the light cavalry brigade,
under the command of the Earl of Cardigan, upon

the Russian batteries at Balaklava, in which the
noble earl =tended that his military character and
honour had been impeached, by its being said he
did not take his brigade through the battery, but
that, " on coming up to the battery (as he after..
wards himself described it), a gun was fired close to
him, and for a moment he thought his leg was gone.
Such was not the case, as he remained unhurt.
However, his horse took fright—swerved round—
and galloped off with him to the rear, passing,
on the way, by the 4th Light Dragoons and Bth
Hussars, before these regiments got up to the
battery." Eirl Cardigan, after the first edition
of the work, called the author's attention to the
above erroneous statement, and in the second
edition, without altering the original text, he pub-
lished a notice, in which he simply stated that no
doubt the statement that his horse ran away
with him was erroneous. In a third edition he
still retained the objectionable passage, with a
similar note. Mr. Kinglake's recent work on the
Crimea had again called attention to the events
there, and the noble earl found that these calumnies
in reference to the charge at Balaklava were being
freely spoken about in public society. In February
he called upon the author to stop the publication of
the work, or expunge the objectionable passage,
but he declined to do so, and he therefore felt bound
to make the present application. The learned gentle-
referred to and quoted largely from affidavits which
he put in in support of his motion, deposing that
there had been much misapprehension and misre-
presentation on the subject of the light cavalry
charge at Balaklava, and in support of the manner
in which the Earl of Cardigan led the charge, and
concluded, after much discussion, in submitting that
he was entitled to a rule.

The court granted a rule nisi.
The Esrl of Cardigan was in court, and sat in
,he Queen's counsel box, close to his counsel, while
,he motion was being made.

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS.
(Sittings at Nisi Prius in Middlesex.—Before Mr.
Justice Williams and a Common Jury.)
DYER V. BRODIE-ALLEGED IMPROPER DISMISSAL.
SINGULAR CASE.
This was an action to recover damages for an
alleged improper dismissal from the defendant's
service, and also to recover money claimed to be due
for work done.

~~~~~

J