The Sun.
London, England, 1839-01-31 00:00:00

of which now unhappily too many are every day
forced on us, of the complete estrangement of the
non-electors from the electors, of the labourers from
the capitalists, and of workmen from their masters,
and of the resolution generally adopted to attain
political ends by violence. Such a disease is vital, and
if not arrested in its progress, will lead to far more
fatal consequences than even the destruction of our
manufactures by the Corn-laws. The Tory remedy
for such a disease, as proposed by the Times and Sir
ROBERT PEEL, is to remodel the national education,
and place the people completely under the drilling of
the Priesthood. It might hare been efficacious a cen-
tury ago, but it now comes too late ; and before the
next generation can be new modelled by art, the State
will be overturned, or th.e people be wholly enslaved.
A more rational aud speedy remedy may be
found. An Extension of the Suffrage, an extinction
of the rotten boroughs, which the Reform Act un-
happily left in existence, and a more equal diffusion of
representatien, dividing electoral districts more equally
than at present, would serve, we believe, to pacify the
bulk of the influential men among the Chartists, and at
any rate it wouid diminish the just causes the
people now have for distrusting the Legislature. If
something of that kind were voluntarily, freely, and
gracefully begun by the Legislature, at the commence-
ment of the Session, as well as abolishing the Corn-
laws, we should entertain hopes that it might yet be
possible to reconcile the bulk of the people to the Le-
gislature, and preserve its authority ; without that, or
something like that, we can only expect great calamities
from the growing opposition between different classes,
and from the disrepute into which the Legislature Las
I fallen.

cause of the high price, and also the mainstay of the
combination, is the difficulty—or rather impos-
sibility—of finding room in the river, for the
discharge of coals sufficient for the consumption
of the metropolis. This acts as a dearth—acts on the
corn market, and enables the seller to keep up a famine
price. Captain ROWLAND, the Harbour• master, re-
ports that " the number of ships that can discharge
their cargoes in the river is not equivalent to the wants
of the trade or satisfactory to the public, inasmuch
as the delay arising from the want of room for the
discharge of ships sold is one of the great causes of
the high price of coals, and if more ships were sold
in the market than at present ; the cargoes could
not .be discharged in the Pool ; that at the close of
the market each day, in the month of Dedember, there
had been an average of 94 vessels, and on the 28th of
that month, not less than 143 vessels, that could not
be discharged, some of them having remained in sec-
tions for six days after they had been sold ; that this
detention of ships for finding the market, secures to
the coal-owner Ins demand for the coals, and the
ship-owner the freight he must have to compensate him
for the delay and the extra charges incident thereto ;
and that the difference between the freight of the
free ship, and the one under the surveillance of the
owners and factors, is about 25.61. per ton, which money
is paid to support the owners and factors' regulations,
and to keep the men who receive 61. 10F. a voyage,
two-thirds of their time in idleness; the public pay
this sum on about 2,000,000 tons." Thus the pub-
lic pay to these gentlemen. according to the Harbour-
master's statement, 250,0001. a year ; but that
amounts only to about one-fourth the addi-
tional sum they pay, owing to the supply being
limited, and the price proportionally raised. And
this grievance is not a thing of yesterday. So
far back as 1824, representations were made to the
Government that the public were taxed at an enormous
rate because there was not sufficient room for vessels
in the river ; yet nothing was done to abate the evil,
but on the contrary every thing done to increase
it, by laying a tax of six or seven shillings on land-
borne coals, and inserting clauses in Railway Bills
for the sole purpose of keeping up the price
of this great necessary of life. In consequence of this
negligence on the part of the Legislature and the Go-
vernment, the poor are paying at the present moment
at the rate of 50s. a ton for coals ; and what with this
high price and the high price of bread, thousands of
the lower classes are actually in a state of starvation.
Have they, therefore, not good reasons for calling
out for Universal Suffrage ? After these ex--
posures of the system, if the ensuing Session
pass over without a remedy, the public must look
for protection to others than their representatives. The
remedy, too, is so simple that Parliament is without
excuse. If the duty on coals brought from the interior
were removed, and all the coal-factors and coal-
meters sent about their business, the inhabitants of
the metropolis would have the benefit of a free com-
petition—that is, a reduction of about 100 per cent.
on the price of coals.

The Cora Averages have fallen, for the week,
2s. ld., and are reported to-day at 795. 3d. We sin-
cerely hope, therefore, that the highest point has now
been reached, and that a still further fall may be anti-
cipated. The average for the six weeks is only a
penny rimre than the average.for the previous six weeks.
The Manchester Guardian, of Tuesday, con-
tains elaborate and detailed proofs of the manner
in which the tax on corn operates against our
manufacturers, and in favour of the foreigners—
and an explanation of the circumstance why these laws
were not formerly so ruinous as at present. The fol-
lowing two passages, coming from the seat of the cotton
manufacture, are worthy of attention :

" A piece of English calico and a piece of German calico,
of the same width, length, weight, fineness, and finish, will sell
in any foreign market, under all ordinary circumstances,
for the same money price—say ten shillings or two
ounces of silver. Of this price we may suppose one
half to have been paid by each manufacturer for the
raw material, and the charges of shipment and sale ;
leaving five shillings, or one ounce of silver, to be divided as
wages and profit between the manufacturer and the labourers
employed in making the calico. This sum will obviously pro-
duce very different results in the two countries. In Germany,
under all ordinary circumstances, it will purchase more than a
bushel of wheat • in England, under the operation of the
Corn-laws, it will purchase very little more than half a bushel ;
and if the real wages of labour—the quantity of food which
workmen can earn—are the same in both countries, it is clear
that the German manufacturer will be able to manufacture his
goods at somewhere about half the cost of the labour employed
in the English goods." •
" Some parties, who have not paid much attention to the sub-
ject, will probably inquire how it happens that the high prices
of grain have not heretofore prevented us from exporting
manufactures. The reason is obvious to those who have taken
ordinary pains to inquire into the subject. Until recently, we
had a monopoly of the new machinery and the improved pro-
cesses which have entirely changed the nature of manufac.
turing industry, and which gave us advantages so enormous,
that prices of -food double, or even triple, those of the Corr i-
nent were :not sufficient to countervail them. At that time,
English manufacturers had no competition, except from (ac
other; and, being all equally subject to the tax of dear brer.d,
the only effect was to increase the price of oar manufac-
tures, and to give the landowners a large participation in the
profits of the manufacturers. That time, however, has wholly
passed away : we no longer possess any superiority in ma-
chinery ; all our processes are as well known to foreigners as to
ourselves; and there is no longer any safety for us, unless wo
can meet the manufacturers of the Continent and of the United
States on equal terms."

The interminable question of the French Cabinet is
still in obeyance. According to the Paris Journals of
Tuesday, Marshal SouLT is so seriously indisposed
as to be unable to leave his apartments. The rumours
of his Premiership are therefore silenced. His dis-
temper is erysipelas. On Monday Count MOLE ap-
peared in the Chamber of Deputies, from whence
several of the Journals infer that the KING'S ac-
ceptance of his resignation was a mere feint to try the
temper of the Opposition ; and that he is not less .head
of the Cabinet now than he was six months ago. A
state of uncertainty cannot, however, long continue.
Without a dissolution of the Chambers, M. THIERS
will bring the question to a speedy issue.
Mr. HENRY LYTTON BULWER, Secretary of
Legation at St. Petersburgh, has arrived in Paris.
The intelligence from Madrid is of the 22d inst.,
but it consists of local reports of no European interest.
ESPARTERO is " reposing upon his laurels," at the
trifling cost of 64,0001. sterling weekly to his country.
VAN HALEN, of Carlist-:,hooting notoriety, is said
to have started on a private mission to this country.
The journals from the frontiers of Spain announce that the
Government of Madrid has sent several men-of-war to the
coast of Africa, with a ♦iew to attempt to regain possession of
Aletilla.

We shall add that Newcastle, though late, has at
length taken the field ; and preparations have been
made for holding a public meeting, to procure a repeal
of the Corn-laws, in that commercial town.

In our columns of this day will be found an excel-
lent address from Mr. DANIEL WHITTLE HAR-
VEY to his constituents, the electors of Southwark,
on the resignation of his appointment to the office of
Registrar of Public Conveyances, to which we beg to
direct public attention. We also insert an article
from the Morning Advertiser on this subject, in
the spirit of which we entirely and heartily concur,
and to which, therefore, we would invite the notice of
our readers. The present is not the time for losing
the Parliamentary services of such tried Reformers as
Mr. HARVEY ; and as, in the opinion of the first legal
authorities, his retention of office would oblige him to
vacate his seat in the House of Commons, we are
rejoiced at his preference of public to private interest.
We agree in opinion with the Honourable Gentle-
man, that acceptance of office under a Liberal, or
indeed, under any Administration, does not necessarily
imply a disconnection with the people ; and, therefore,
we see no reason why Mr. HARVEY should lose the
confidence of his old supporters were he appointed
to-morrow to any office compatible with his continuing
to sit and vote in Parliament. The office which he
has just resigned, was equally unworthy of his great
talents, and of his claims upon any Government
pledged to, the support of an enlightened and liberal
policy.

According to the latest accounts from Seville apprehen-
sions of fresh troubles were entertained there ; the National
Guard manifested much nostility towards General Cleonard,
who commands there.

The mails from Madrid are two days in arrear.
Letters from kirussels say that the last protocol of the Con-
ference had been received there, and that it was going to be
communicated to the Chambers. Public attention is gene-
rally excited.

The Sentinelle des Pyrenees of the 21st has the following
article :

An Address from the Committee of the Church-rate
Abolition Society, to the people of Great Britain,
will be found in another column. It recapitulates
briefly what has been done in furtherance of the ques-
tion, and calls upon the friends of civil and religious
liberty, whether Churchmen or Dissenters, to renew
their exertions, and to unite in one common struggle,
against the Church-rate system, opposed, as it is,
to the rights of conscience, and the interests of reli-
gion. There must be no compromise in this matter—
no acquiescence in attempts to shift the burden upon
any branch of the national revenue. This would only
be a juggle, and, as the Committee justly observe, an
incalculable aggravation of the evil.
What have the Abolitionists gained by their late
forbearance towards the established sect ? Has the
Church of England shown herself meek and forbear-
ing in return ? Look at her proceedings. Look at
the Dissenters whom she has immured in
jails on the most frivolous pretexts. Look at
the fierce spirit of persecution which she is every
where displaying towards those who do not conform
to her communion. As she becomes unpopular she
becomes furious. Conscious that she has no hold
upon the affections or respect of the people, she is
determined to avenge herself on their pockets ; and in-
stead of reforming the abuses which alienate men
from her—instead of rendering herself, by a disinte-
rested and spiritual bearing, what a Gospel-Church
ought to be, an efficient instrument of religious in-
struction—she clings with a death-grasp to the very
things which are dragging her down to to destruction.
We say again, let there be no compromise between
the opponents and the supporters of Church-rates.
Let the Abolitionists rouse themselves, and bring all
their influence to bear immediately upon this crying
iniquity.

" The Board of Health of Corunna has received informa-
tion that several cases of yellow fever had occurred in the
town of Palireus, in the Canary Islands."
This news is confirmed by a letter from a private corres-
pondent in the Canaries, which informs us that there bad been
several cases of yellow fever in those islands since the month
of October.—Gazette de France.

General Bugeaud set out yesterday for the head-quarters
of his division, which are at Lille.

The General officers, who have a command in the army of
the North, have, it seems, likewise received orders to repair
to their posts.
A letter from Cadiz says, that Don Antonio de la River and
Don Jose Rodriguez, fencing masters, have been shot at San
Roque, because they had entered into a conspiracy to kindle
civil war in the mountains of La Ronda—a war in which they
expected assistance, which was to come from some parts of
Italy.

A report was spread yesterday and confirmed by several
Journals this morning, that the Ministers have determined to
withdraw their resignations.—Le Commerce.
BansszLs, JAN. 29.—There was a Councilof Ministers yes-
terday at the Palace. Messrs. de Geruche, de Merode, and
Raikein were summoned to it. The object of the meeting
was to examine the new treaty which has been laid before us
by the Conference, and at the same time before Holland.
This treaty likewise consists of 24 articles, slightly modified
with regard to the debt, but without any change with respect
to the territory. It has likewise received some improvements
relative to the navigation of the Scheldt, which, however, are
as much for the interests of England and Germany as for ours.
Yesterday Messrs. Metz, d'Hoffschmedt, and d'Ansem-
bourg were sent for by the King ; only the two first went to
the Palace. We do not know to what cause to ascribe the ab-
sence of M. d' Ansenbourg. The decision of the Conference
reached Paris on Thursday.

PESTH, JAN. 19.—A feeling of joy, which is beyond de-
scription, has been excited here by the English reports pub-
lished in the Allegemeine Zcitung, respecting the treaty of
commerce between England and Austria, by which, if not the
abolition, at least the modification of the prohibitory system is
to be expected. Our satisfaction is the more just, as Hun-
gary, whose manufactures are in their infancy, has not to ap-
prehend that any class of its inhabitants will suffer even a tem-
porary inconvenience, but that all will enjoy. the blessings and
i
advantages of the new system : though t is possible, as we
hear, that some restrictions with respect to importation from
the German provinces into this kingdom may be retained.
FRONTIERS of SERVIA., JAN. I.—Merchants' letters from
Constantinople affirm that the differences between the repre-
sentatives of England at the Persian Court and the Schah
have been settled, and that there is more confidence than ever
that peace will be preserved. Orders that are given to
English houses for Persia several months ago, and then re-
voked, have been resumed, with a desire to execute them
without delay. Commerce has, therefore, become mote brisk
at Constantinople, and this has a favourable effect here.
Ready money is in great demand in the capital, and it is very
scarce.

The LORD MAYOR, in furtherance of the object
which he has unremittingly pursued since his accession
to office—a reduction in the enormous price paid for
coals—transmitted certain queries to thellarbour-master
at Greenwich, a reply to which has just been pub-
lished. From this report it appears that the main

BOURSE--PARIS TUESDAY, JAY. 29.
HALF-PAST THREll.—There has been activity, and the market to.day
and the securities in general have improved. For the Account the
Three per Cents. opened at 79f., rose to 79f. 25c„ and closed at 79f.
15c., a rise of 25c. The Five per Cents. from 110 f. 70c., declined
to 110 f. 65c., rose to 1104. 75c. and closed at 110 f. 70c., a rise of 15c.
For money, the Three per Cents. are 20c., and the Five per Cents. are
15c., better. The Bank of France shares have improved sf. The
I.afitte Bank shares closed as yesterday. The Belgian Five per Cents.
have received the same impulse, and have improved 3 per cent., and
the:Threes 50c. For the Account the latter are at 67f. 40c. The Bank
Shares have rallied 35f. The Spanish Active is ii. better. For the Ac-
count the Portuguese Three per Cents. 231. Little done in Railway
Shares; the St. Germain and the Strasburg are not quoted either for
time or money. The Versailles Right Bank have improved sf,
First Highest I owest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French 5 per Cents.
4 per Cents.
3 per Cents.
Bank of France 264') ...2640 ...2640 —.2640
Latitte Bank I,ooof. Sh
5,000 f. Sh
Zelgian 5 per Cents. usti ... vsN, ... los% 9814
3 per Cents. 6l 50 ... 66 50 ... 66 50 ... 66 50
Bank. 550 ~„ 570 ... 550 ... 570
Spanish Active
Neapolitan
Roman lOO%
~, 100% ... 100)% ... 100%
RAILWAY SHARES.
Versailles, R.B.
L.B.
Orleans 45) „, 450 „, 450 ... 450
Rouen
ASPHALTS VD BI lUMENS.
Sind (A) " “.100 ...ZOU ...2000

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, JANUARY 31, 1839.

CORN AVERAGES.

GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES OF BRITISH CORN,
Fer the Week ended Jan. 25, iIP9, made up from the Returns of the
Inspectors in the different Citie,4-..ind Towns in England and NVales, per
Imperial Quarter.

Wheat — 79 A 79A Sd. Oats
6artei -l:2s 5d I Rye
INIM:ItInt, AGGREGATE AVERAGES OF THE 9:X WEEKS
PRECEDING.

Whet......... 79,. 9d. I Oats
Barley 39s. 7d I Rye

DUTIES ON FOREIGN CORN.

Wheat
3s I
_4d. Rye