The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-25 00:00:00

THE- SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 25, 1863.

52 braceof grouse in seven hours. Capt. H. Amory killed 31
brace at Glenmoriston on the 12th. The same day, Messrs.
Wilson, Dalcombie, shot 12 brace; on the 13th, 11 brace ;
and on the 14th, 17 brace of birds. At Inverernie, on the
13th, Compton Ferrers, Esq., and Mr. Colon, bagged 261
brace and 3 hares; the weather was very rough. On the
15th, at Faillie, the same gentlemen shot 291 brace cf
grouse, 3 snipes, 3 wildfowl, and 3 hares. The grouse
here are very plentiful on the low ground, but very
scarce on the heights. Two days afterwards Mr. Fer-
rers and Mr. Colon visited Faillie and Gask, and bagged
411 brace of grouse, 2 snipes, and 3 hares. On the
high grounds of these moors there is disease. The
Messrs. Elles have had good sport at Easter Kyllachy ;
on the 13th they had 121;
2d High•
on the 15th, 6; and on the 17th, 331rracethoef gr
olu,lst he
Onl2
the 12th, at Bridge Fark, Capt. Cameron of the 9 ,•
lenders, D. Cameron, Esq., of Clunes, and Master Allan
Cameron, Clunes, bagged 32 brace; the birds were very
strong and healthy-, and more numerous than last year
Horatio Ross, Esq., of Glendibidale, on the 12th, shot 311
brace • and en the same moors, the following day, Horatio
Ross:j an ~ Esq., bagged 131 brace in an hour and a half.
All these birds were well grown, and with few exceptions
quite healthy. On the 12th, Mr. Miles and Mr. Bayley,
at Corrybrough, shot 221 brace of birds, and the same day,
at Wester Aberchalder, Mr. Masson bagged 121 brace of
grouse. 4 hares, and 2 rabbits in a few hours. In five
days, at Dunmaglass, John Bulteel, Esq., and J. Hartman,
Esq., have bagged 200 brace. The birds are very wild, and
a number have been found dead from disease. At Skib
on the 12th, George Dempster, Esq., and Seaforth killed 30
brace, and Sir K. Mackenzie, Bart., and Henry Reeve, 10
brace; on the same day, at Coulmony, Captain Hart and
Mr. Barton bagged 151 brace of grouse and 1 hare, and on
the following day 10 brace of birds. In four days, on the
moors of Moy Hall, F. G. Dalgetty, Esq., Mr. Fortescue,
and Captain Malloch shot 125 brace of grouse, 6 snipes, 6
wildfowl, and 30 hares. The coveys are very wild and
scarce, from disease. From the 12th down to this date,
the Messrs. Leigh have bagged at Strathconon 201 brace of
grouse, 2 woodcocks, and 10 hares. The birds are strong
and wild, but there are signs of disease. Mr. Strachan has
made the following bags at Daviot—viz , on the 12th, 71 ;
on the 13th, 81; on the 14th, 101; and on the 17th, 61
brace.—Inverness Courier.

ter. Information was, however, sent to the commissioners,
and they ordered him to be discharged from the Exhibition
altogether. He endeavoured to procure employment but
could not, as wherever he went it was bruited about that he
was a returned convict, and at length he had no alternative
but to return to a course of crime. It was with him a matter
of necessity not of choice,and it was hoped that his lordship
would see reason to give him another chance.
_ _

The officer of the House of Coreectio;,C7B. Fields, in at-
tendance, proved that the prisoner had 3 months in 1849,
and 6 months in 1850. In 1850, too, he was tried and ac •
quitted, and besides there was no doubt ha had 18 months,
but that coull not be clearly made out.
Sergeant Holmes, F, stated that the prisoner was sen-
tenced in this court, in 1852, to 7 years' transportation,and
in 1856 to 6 years'. servitude.

Mr. Orridge said, as allusion had been made to the Com-
mi3sioners with respect to their &missing such a person as
the pi isoner from their building, a man who had been twice
sentenced to severe terms of punishment, it was only an act
due to themselves and the public. The facts were these :
J. Huggett, the City detective, was on duty at the Bank of
England, when the prisoner was pointed out to him as a
person who had presented for payment a £2O note which had
been'stopped ;:and on being questioned about it, he said he was
a bullion dealer, in King-street, Soho, and that he had given
full value for the note in Prussian thalers. The officer then
said he should take him into custody to King. street, and
upon hearing that the prisoner said that it would be of no
use, as he did not live in Soho. He said to the officer, "You
had better take the £2O, and let me go. I'll walk beside
you, and can get away quietly. and you need take no notice
of it; make your own bargain." Huggett said he should
do nothing of the kind, and the prisoner then pulled out
of his pocket and handed to him a bag, saying, " Well,
then, take that." It contained £l2O stock. The statement
that be lived in King-street was false, and he refused to give
a correct address. The prosecutor was a skin dealer in
Crown-court, Soho, and on the eveningof Wednesday week
in notes, £3lO, with him.
He got a cheque for that
yApril, and it was supposed
ahe
He
ohguaondt t ae
drunkalas rhgeedanatd amounttwheas
borafonbmkboei ndn e.
that the prisoner and some of his companions having ascer-
tained that he carried this money with him took the oppor-
tunity afforded by his being drunk to rob him.
covered. •
Mr. Lewis said a great part of the property had been re-

Huggett—There's about £220 missing,
The learned Judge said the Exhibition Commissioners in
his opinion did quite right in refusing to allow•a person of
the prisoner's character to continue in the Exhibition, after
they became aware of what that character was.
The prisoner begged for another chance. He wo•ild have
worked honestly and hard for his living, but he could not
get employment as it was always " put about" that he had
been transported.
Lockyer, the gaol officer, said the prisoner was a tailor
by trade, and a very excellent workman he was.
The learned Judge said the Court had well considered the
whole of the circumstances brought under its notice, and
the sentence upon him was that he be kept in penal servi-
tude for the term of four years.
John Thomas, 30, labourer, was indicted for embezzling
17s. 6d., the money of Win. Howard, his master.
The prisoner pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to nine
months hard labour.

Several cases of embezzlement were disposed of in which
various punishments were awarded, and it was remarked
that such offences were on the increase, and his lordship said
they were very serious, and would be punished accordingly.
Walter Florence, 30, was indicted for feloniously break-
ing and entering a certain warehouse with intent to steal
certain property therein.

The prosecutors were Messrs. Bramston and Co., water-
proofers, of York-road, King's-cross, and the prisoner was
found in their warehouse, having got through a window,
the shutter of which was but partly up, and the window
glass broken.

The Jury found him Guilty, and he was then charged
with two former convictions.
Sergeant Gould, 40 N, proved that the prisoner had been
sentenced to four and six years' penal servitude.
The prisoner said it was false; he never had the four
years at all.
The officer said that the prisoner persisted in that denial
before the magistrate, and in consequence he had caused
the tvarder who had him in charge to be in attendance. The
prisoner was then in the name of Charles Flate, but his real
name was Charles Dent.
Thos. Charlesworth, the warder, was then called. lie
said the prisoner was received into rentonville from Mill.
bank, and he was there under his charge some months, and
he had good reason to know it.
The prisoner still denied the conviction.
The warder said that there was a mark on one of the pri-
soner's arms—an indelible one, he believed—and if the pri-
soner was the man, the mark would be his real name, which
was Charles Dent.

The prisoner evinced no inclination to bare his arm, and
said nothing further.
The learned Judge sentenced the prisoner to six years'
penal servitude.

(Before M. Payne.)
Wm. Holmes Sumner, 43, clerk, was indicted for fraudu-
lently obtaining, by false pretences, the sum of is. from
Robert Chambers, the sum of ss. from Charles K. Wild
r.nd the sum of ss. from Robert Marnoch, with intent to de-
fraud them of the said sums ; also endeavouring, by a false
pretence, to obtain money from Robert Prance, with intent
to defraud him of the same.
The prisoner pleaded Guilty to the whole of the indict-
ments.

Mr. Underdown appeared for the prosecution, and stated
that he appeared on behalf the Metropolitan Drinking
Fountains Association, upon which a number of frauds had
been committed by the prisoner and other persons, by going
about to different gentlemen representing that they were
authorised to receive subscriptions on behalf of the Drinking
Fountains Association. In many cases they had succeeded,
but he wished it to be made known that no person, with the
exception of the secretary and one clerk, holding the autho-
rity of the secretary, was authorised to receive any subscrip•
tions on the part of the association.
James Fryer, officer of the Mendicity Society, said the
prisoner had made application to a Miss Porter for subscrip-
tions. He petitioned the society last February for relief.
Mr. Prance, a magistrate, said his servant brought a mes-
sage to him intimating that prisoner had come from
clergyman in the district soliciting subscriptions on behalf
of the Drinkikg Fountains Association. He mentioned the
name of a Mr. Dixon, but knowing that gentleman was out
of town he made some further inquiries. He had his sus-
picions aroused, and told prisoner that if he would accom-
pany him to the police station and there make his statement
clear he wouldthen subscribe to the list he presented, Upon
going outside he mentioned at the same time the name of
another gentleman as having sent him, whom he (Mr.
Prance) knew had been confined to his bed for many weeks.
They walked a short distance, when the prisoner stopped
and made a dash at the pocket of witness, in which he had
placed the pocket-book conraining the different entries. A
scuffle ensued, and witness got the prisoner down upon the
pavement and called out to his servants, who came to his
assistance. After some delay the prisoner was conveyed to
the station-house. _ _

------ -----
The book was produced, in which there were entries
subscriptions for £l3 odd to th 3 Drinking Fountains Assc•
ciation, and the prisoner remarked that they were all ficti•
tious and in his own handwriting.

Inspector Webb, S division, said he had been engaged in
making inquiries in reference to this case, and with respect
to the entries in the book, he said there were a number of
entries that formed no part of the present indictment. He
enumerated several sums set down in the book as subscrip-
tions, and these were all found to be fictitious. A Miss
Robins identified the prisoner as having received money
from her, and the secretary would also state that during the
last two months L 22 Bs. had been received by the prisoner
on account of the association, not one farthing of which had
been accounted for.

Mr. John Lee, secretary to the Drinking Fountains As-
sociation, said the prisoner had formerly been in their ser-
vice, but had left about 18 months. He had no authority to
receive these sums, and he was aware that for some time
past frauds of this nature had been carried on to a very large
extent.

Inspector Webb said that while the prisoner was with a
former employer he was in the habit of writing begging
letters.

Mr. Payne said that while the prisoner was in the employ
of the association ho had taken advantage of the position he
was in to rob the institution. The prisoner seemed to be very
bad, for ho endeavoured, in the first instance, to obtain
money by fraudulent pretences from Mr. Prance, and then
endeavour to rob him of a book.

The prisoner entreated the mercy of the Court on account
of his nine children—from twelve years down to a baby
eleven months old.

Mr. Payne sentenced him to be imprisoned and kept to
hard labour in the House of Correcticn for twelve calendar
months.

Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur-
chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and
4s. "High Standard" at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the
strongest and roost delicious imported. Agents in every
town supply it in packets.
ADVERTIFIEMENT.J—AVOid medicines: they always aggra-
vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health
Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which saves fifty times
its cost in other remedies, invariably cures them, restoring
perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver,
pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy
to the most disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out
of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 58,216 or the Marchioness de
Ilre'lan, Paris, of a dyer complaint, wasting away for seven
years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad
dig es tion, constant sleeplossuCbS, the moat intolerable nervous
agitation, and dreadtully low spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lora
Stuart de Decies, Lord Liout. of Waterford, of many years'
dyspepsia.—No.
Fifty years' indescribable agony
dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation,
"
flatulency, spasms, sickness, :Ind vomiting.—Maria.Jolly."
—Cute No. 16,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of
thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derange-
ment, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth
Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low
spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure No. 54,16. The Rev. Jas.
T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, "of indigestion and torpi-
dity or the liver, which had restate 1 all medical treatment."
In tins, 1 lb.. 2s. Pd. ; 21b., 4s. 6d ; 51b., 1 ls. ; 1218., 225. ; 'i4lb
40s.—Barry Flu Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London ;
also Fortnum and Mason ; and all Uroccrs and Chemists in
every town of the United Ezing„on).

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

SATURDAY REVIEW.—The brilliant assembly at
Frankfort has had all the success that might have
been expected. Its remoter political consequences
cannot be well estimated, but every one is alive to the
splendour of the pageant, to the interest excited by
so large a gathering of crowned heads, and to the
hopes awakened by a liberal and courageous
Emperor of Austria solemnly imploring Germany
to become, under his auspices, united, powerful, and
free. The meeting has been made more harmonious,
if less complete, by the absence of the King of
Prussia ; and the readiness which almost every
other German Prince has displayed to obey the
summons of the Emperor proves at once the influ-
ence of Austria and the general persuasion of Ger-
man Sovereigns that the Federal Government is
something too ridiculous, too lifeless, and too
impotent even for Germany. Nor is it easy to see
what step could have been taken more likely to
lead to real reform. It is true that the political
change which has come over Austria is still recent,
and the statesmen of Vienna can scarcely be
prepared to agree to all that the national party
asks for. But there must be a beginning; and
it is a great advantage that there should be a
basis of conciliation and agreement bet ween the
princes of Germany and the leaders of reform. The
Congress that has assembled under the presidency
of the Emperor will not have finished its sitting
before a very different assembly meets at Frankfort,
and the leaders of the party that has proclaimed
National Union as its watchword will be gathered
there to discuss their policy, arrange their plans,
and promulgate their opinions. There is every
reason to suppose that they represent the convic-
tions and wishes of a large portion of the most honest,
patriotic, and sensible Germans; but it must be as
evident to them as it is to the rest of the world that
Germany is not at present prepared to go with them
if the princes should offer a determined opposition
to their efforts. Hitherto they have been able to
count on the support of no prince except the Duke
of Saxe-Coburg Gotha, and the eagerness with
which that most persevering and ardent of German
reformers has favoured the present assemblage of
princes may be taken as a proof of his conviction that
the cause he has so much at heart will be promoted
by the sovereigns meeting the reformers half-way.
Had the Emperor of Austria continued to walk in the
old ways of Vienna statesmanship, and resisted the
movement for national union, nothing but a general
revolution, or the convulsion of war, could have
brought about such a change as the Liberals desire.
The step taken by the Emperor offers an opportu-
nity for attaining a reform that shall be peaceable
instead of violent, and gradual instead of sudden.
It is eqUally obvious that the course taken by the
Emperor is far preferable to that said to be advo-
cated by Prussia. The Cabinet of Berlin affects to
ground its unwillingness to join in the present
movement on the plea that the changes to be pro-
posed ought first to have been decided on by Pleni-
potentiaries from the chief German States. No
good could have come from a meeting of this kind,
which would not have been acted on by public
opinion, which would not have been under the eye
of Germany and Europe,and which would only have
been a battle-field for the sterile contests of Aus-
trian and Prussian jealousy. The Emperor, by
this formal and public gathering of Princes, and by
announcing the necessity of a more free and power-
ful political system, has given much more tangible
and trustworthy hopes of reform. A step has
been taken from which it would not be easy to re-
cede ; and if Austria has the honour of taking it
alone, that is entirely the fault of Prussia.
TIMES.—Few persons anticipated two years ago
that the consumption of men would create an earlier
difficulty in the American War than the consump-
tion of money. Such, however, is the fact. The
Federal States haves incurred without a murmur a
debt of which the annual charge is little less than
that of the public debt of Great Britain, They are
living upon a paper currency, and if they have not
as yet Paid many taxes they have at any rate con-
sented to the imposition of heavy taxation. But
the financial aspect of the war appears to have
given them very little concern. Mr. Chase
manages the money-market with great dex-
terity, and as there is no difficulty at present
there is but slight anxiety for the future. Far
different, however, is the case with the supply of
men. So prodigal has been the expenditure of life
on both sides, but especially on the part of the
North, that the most desperate expedients are now
required for the reinforcement of the armies in the
field. Volunteeting, Mr. Lincoln himself tells us, is
" palpably exhausted," recruits are no longer to be
purchased by bounties, and at length a nation which
prided itself, above all things, on the military orga-
nisation of its willing and independent citizens finds
itself reduced, in the third year of a war, to the ne-
cessity of a conscri-2tion. So urgent, in fact, are the
needs of the State that the President cannot wait
till the arrangements for the draught are properly
completed. The Governor of New York writes to
him, with a statement demonstrating the unfai r
and prtial operation of the projected levy in
certain districts under his authority. Mr. Lincoln
cannot deny that the figures show something
wrong ; but he answers that he has no time to
rectify them. He will do the best that he can by
and bye, but at present the men must be pressed,
enrolled, and sent off to the depots without delay.
He does not pretend to deny that even the draught
itself may be of questionable legality; but that
point, too, must be left for future decision. At '4-his
moment he must have the men. These confessed
necessities of the Federals contrast somewhat
strangely with the boasts of inexhaustible re-
sources in which they have indulged, but we can-
not be surprised at the results. Never, we presume,
in the history of civilised nations were men so
rapidly consumed as in this civil war. Volunteering
was not "exhausted" prematurely. Mr. Lincoln's
calls since the spring of 1861 have certainly exceeded
one million men. He began with 70,000; he rose pre-
sently to 700,000; and at very short intervals the de-
mands wire repeated. Unless, indeed, we assume
that one man out of every two in the Federal armies
has been killed or wounded, we must raise the aggre-
gate amount of their levies to numbers even greater
than we have suggested; for it seems to be beyond
question that half a million men, at least, have been
placed hors de combat since the war began. In the
intercepted correspondence of the Confederates
which was brought before our Government by the
Federal authorities themselves the losses o
f the
was
North are estimated at 349,500. But this
Chancel-
twelve months ago, and all the carnage
lorsville and Gettysburg, to saynothingchosirltehse.
incessant drain at Vicksburg, Port Hudson,
ton, and many other points, has t
account. Less than 500,000 the obe brought to
total can hardly
be, and that, indeed, was the ccmspixutamtiooonthosfsoguo.
our
correspondent in the Southt somes
The losses of the Confederates,
were supposed to be 200,000, s' even at that period,
o that three quarters
of a million would be e lowest estimate of the
whole consumption. To form au adequate idea of
this prodigious drain leto the reader remember our
own position in the Crimean war. The comparison
population a
will be all the easier because the available resources
of the two countries are exactly alike.s nearly The
United Kingdom containso that of the Northern
Ste
and Southern a
as possible equivtalese nt t
together—blacks included, so
that we had as good a stock to draw upon as the
Americans have had.
Our army before Sebas-
topol was never, at any one time, 50,000 strong,
and yet the 27,000 casualties in that force were
enough to throw England into mourning and to
reduce the standard of the army for some time.
What would have been the case if ten or twenty
times that force had been in the field ? What
would have happened if 750,000 British soldiers
had been killed or wounded in two years of war ?
At this rate
of consumption the America
n War
will soon literally become what some of its pro-
moters desire—a war of extermination. That
hrase is a mere hyperbole, in European stories,
but it will express only the bare truth in America.
President Lincoln alleges, as his reason for preci-
pitating the draught in New York, that President
Davis is " driving every able-bodied man he can
meet into his ranks," and it is now reported that
the South, like the North, is enrolling and arming
negroes. We cannot wonder at the resolution,
however much we may lament it. At the begin-
ning of the war the whole white population of
the Southern States could hardly have contained
more than 1,000,000 or 1,200,000 men of fight-
ing age. How many deductions must be made
even from these figures before an effective total can
be reached we need not say, and yet the South must
have already raised at least 500,000 or 609,000 men,
of whom 250,000 have fallen. The negroes in the
South are just about half as numerous as the whites,
so that this expedient will add 50 per cent. to their
resources. It shows, however, the desperate nature
of the struggle when we see such a measure adopted.
Nothing but the very sternest resolution and direst
teed would have driven the Confederates to this
extremity. They are as ready as the Federals to
accept " tha bitter end." f he North vows that if
the South will not submit every Southerner shall
be slain ; the South answers that rather than sub-
mit every Southerner will die. We have not laid
much stress on those imports of men from Europe
of which the North has had the advantage, but the
aid from this source cannot have been inconsidera-
ble, Germans and Irish have been poured into
New York along with cannon, rifles, sabres, and
stores. Emigration from the Old 'World has actually
received a strong impulse under the attractions of
the war. The Germans, trained soldiers already,
accept war as a promising business, and hope to rise
in a service in which military education is rare.
The Irish follow the invitations of their kindred to
a land of high wages, and are overpowered on their

arrival by the allurements of the recruiting ser-
geant. Still emigration can only have supplied a
percentage of the hosts which the North has sent
into the field. The Southerners complain with great
justice that their country is invaded by foreigners,
for Irish and Germar.s have formed a conspicuous
element in the Federal armies; but the bulk of these
must have been naturalised Americans, who for all
practical purposes were citizens of the Union. It re-
mains now to be seen what will come of the last tip-
peal—whether the North will endure the conscrip-
tion, and with what spirit the conscripts will fight.
In the South the conscription has long been in force,
and the last resource of the Confederates is shown in
the enlistment of negroes. In the North there has been
no such trial, and Governor Seymour distinctly
intimates to the President his opinion that it
may be too much for the patience of the people.
" I do not dwell," says he," on what I believe would
be the consequence of a violent, harsh policy before
the constitutionality of the Act is tested. You can
scan the immediate future as well as I." These are
ominous words, and they arc applied to a State
which has hitherto been eminently zealous in sup-
plying men for the war. We shall soon learn which
of the two is right—Governor Seymour in his de-
precations of the measure, or President Lincoln in
his determination to enforce it at all hazards; but
the very occurrence of the difficulty shows the
straits to which the Government is reduced.
Hitherto the Federals have endured everything for
the sake of the war ; b'ut they are now called upon
for a sacrifice which it is not yet certain they will
consent to make.

HERALD.—There is ono aspect of the Polish in-
surrection which renders it revolting to the civili-
sation of Europe and obnoxious to the hopes of
liberty. Nothing can excuse the assassinations
ordered by the Central Committee, and executed by
its agents. Glace for all, every Christian people
should aloud refuse their sympathy to any move-
ment working by means of the dagger. No free
constitution was ever founded upon murder. We
care not what may be the classic examples. They
belong to a Pagan epoch, in which the act of
" lying pungently," as Douglas Jerrold expressed
it, was deemed a virtue. No number of illustra-
tions can blazon into heroism the secret and cowardly
shedding of human blood, whether by a fanatic who
chooses to think himself a patriot, or by a desperate
emissary, obeying the orders of a sanguinary
Vehmgehricht, armed for revolutionary purposes
with the stiletto and the cord ; and history will
never fulfil its duty until it has made short work
with these stealthy butchers, and execrated them,
if not out of human memory, at least out of their
maudlin and immoral fame. We weigh them all in
the same scale—Ravillac with Charlotte Corday,
Harmodius with John Fenton. They are felons from
first to last. The salient voice of Mr. Wilkie Col-
lins's most popular novel was the apology it implied
for an act of private retribution adjudged against
Count Fosoo, and inflicted upon him by a ghostly
stabber at misinight on the banks of the Seine. The
feeling of Englishmen recoils from the practice, no
matter how extenuated. Recapitulate the old
sophisms in its behalf, and still the wickedness,
the depravity, and the cowardice of the deed remain
untouched. A tyrant may, perhaps, stand above
the reach of the law which he creates and admi-
nisters ; its provisions ought to apply to him as to
others; but no individual subject has a right to be
come the trustee of Divine justice, and pass a sen-
tence of death to be carried out in the dark by the
stroke of a slaughterer's knife. We are not, thank
Heaven, a nation of Scmvolas. We never were in
the worst days gone by. There was in England,
when the plot of the Rue Repelletier exploded in a
shower of murderous grenades at an opera door, a
party bitterly hostile to the French Emperor; but
to the credit of manaind be it said, that not a re-
spectable organ of the English press suggested any
justification of Orsini and his infamous confederates.
These mysterious tribunals, which send men to their
coffins by verdicts pronounced in the vaults of re-
morseless conspiracy, are abominable violations of
right, and no perversion of argument upon ethics or
equity can by any possibility raise them above the
level of the most coarse and common murder. The
Marshal of the Nobility of Wilna, within the com-
pass of the fluctuating Polish insurrection, has just
been stabbed, under a condemnation of the Central
Committee, or subterranean government of the in-
surgents, for having signed the address of the local
nobility to the Czar. His footman was wounded
at the same time—it is feared mortally. This is
not the first instance, by scores upon scores, of poli
tical assassinations by command of the invisible
authority whose decrees convulse Poland, and which
employ not only an incendiary, a tax-gatherer, and
a trumpeter of revolt, bnt an executioner also. We
put it to the respectable representatives of the Polish
emigration in London and in Paris, whether they ap-
prove of these bloody and pusillanimous edicts. Do
they authorise them? Will they not repudiate and
scout them utterly ? If they hope to consecrate assas-
sination as a political necessity, where is the limit
to be found? If the secret stabbings in the forests
of Wilna be legitimate, so, possibly, might have
been the secret poisonings of the Borgies. We can-
not draw any line between one class of murders and
another, or stamp one set of weapons as nefarious
and another as heroic. A poignard hidden under
a cloak, and driven into the heart of a surprised and
unsuspecting waj firer or slumberer, is no less de-
testable and despicable than a phial of Tophana's
distilling or a nosegay doctored by Caraffa. There
is horror in the racks, pulleys, thumbscrews,
scourges, scaffolds, blocks, and gibbets of despotism ;
there is terror in the Siberian mine or the oubliette
of the Bastille. We may abhor these institutions,
and desire that our fellow-creatures in no part of
the world shall long be subject to the caprices and
cruelties of irresponsible rulers or their more meeets
teas agents; but the lineage of Cain can never be
the liberators of Europe. intrepid rebellion and
open battle may be pleaded for as the last resources
of a people made desperate by the misdoings of
their rulers ; but when patriotism assumes the black
mask, lurks in a dark archway, and steals furtively
forth to deal safely the blow which is to fulfil the
sentence of judges securely ensconced abroad, it be-
comes a crime, an imposture, and a reproach to the
cause which it scandalizes and degrades. When
Machiavelli recounted the wickedness of Agathocles,
of Oliverotto di Fenno, and of Cmiar Borgia, he
concluded by declaring that their punishment to be
salutary, could only have been legal. The Nemesis
that lies in the poisoned chalice, or skulks beneath
the assassin's hood, is not more moral than the spolia-
tion of a miser or a burglary in the dwelling of
notorious reprobate. Let the Poles be well assured
that their Central Committee will only concentrate
upon itself the hatred and disgust of Liberal Europe
by this mystic dooming to death of men whose acts
are offensive to their nationality. Italy gained
nothing when " Italian chocolate" was in fashion ;
and the ablest writers even of the revolutionary
party in France have admitted that her freedom
was not advanced by one step, but rather retarded,
by the tremendous deeds which, just before the
Revolution, were confessed amid the agonies of the
Chambre Ardente. All high-minded Frenchmen
despise Cautilion, as all high-minded Germans were
anxious to give up to the grasp of the law the miser-
able murderer of Latour,and as every Italian worthy
of the name regrets the slaughter of Rossi at Rome.
The massacre of an individual by a mob, or its
deputy, is absolutely not more to be justified,
upon any pretence whatever, than the firing upon
an unarmed multitude by a battalion of soldiers.
Human right and law unequivocally forbid both.
POST.—The principle immortalised by the great
Olympic bard—
' Apferrov i.av atop--
has taken root amongst us to an extent which
could hardly have been hoped for, under the aus-
pices of Mr. Samuel Gurney and his " Drinking
Fountain Association." When that refreshing
scheme was first started by its benevolent author
many persons—not less benevolent, it may be, but
less sanguine—smiled at the idea of thirsty souls
being enticed to pass the " public" or the beershop
and to resort to the Pindaric beverage. To the
great surprise of the sceptics ; to the infinite gra-
tification of those who take an in eieet in the phy-
sical comfort and moral improvement of the popu-
lation; and to the mortification, possibly, of pub-
licans and beer-tap keepers, the lower classes of
the community took to the novel " tap," and untold
gallons of water have been consumed by them in
all its native purity, without the adulteration
either malt or hops. So far the result is highly
satisfactory. It is good to see those structures, the
drinking fountains," some of them elegant—for
art has not been lost sight of in the erection of all
—beset by crowds of customers, many of whom,
there can be no doubt, would, but for the oppor-
tune supply, have quenched their thirst elsewhere,
and retuined home with their pockets lightened of
the price of a pot of beer. Where, moreover, as is
the case in many of the suburban fountains espe-
cially, provision has thoughtfully been made for
conducting the overflow of the basin into a trough
below, it is pleasing to see many a panting and
weary beast " washing out its mouth" on a hot
summer's day, and not less pleasing to think that if
our dogs go mad at all, it will not be for want of a
sufficient supply of water always at their command.
There is one drawback, however, upon this satis-
factory result. The drinking fountains have refused
to obey the laws of political economy, having
seriously infringed the well known rule of demand
and supply. There is a large and increasing
demand for additional fountains, which the asso-
ciation is unable to supply. For even water—to
say nothing of the prier.° cost of each fountain_._.
cannot be supplied for nothing, especially in 'urge,
towns where drinking fountains are meet wanted.
And so it comes to pass that while the water in the
fountains of the association is running freely enough,
its euhequer is running dry; and unless the vein

of public charity will flow more copiously, there is
some risk of the fountains running dry also " in the
long run." A good word for Pindar and Samuel
Gurney seems, therefore, quite in season, especially
in this broiling weather. Now, it is some encourage-
ment to find that a remarkably nice peg to hang
that word on has been supplied by an anonymous
patron of the limpid stream, in the shape of an offer
of one hundred pounds sterling, if by the middle of
October contributions to the amount of five hun-
dred pounds shall come in to meet his donation.
Though it is not to be found in the Bible in these
very terms, yet we take it that the offer in question
is a very suitable text to dilate upon in a homily on
the advantages of an abundant and gratuitous sup-
ply of pure water to thirsty souls. That the drink-
ing fountains must fall back upon the " voluntary
principle" for their support seems tolerably evident.
To charge them upon the Consolidated Fund is
altogether out of the question. Whatever Mr.
Gladstone, the philanthropist, may think of the
movement, it is clear that the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer cannot do otherwise than frown upon it.
To him the growth of habits of sobriety among the
people is an object of deep concern in an inverse
ratio from what it is to the moralist. And if the effect
of the drinking fountains upon the revenue should
happen to attract his notice, the association may
think itself lucky if he does not clap a stamp upon the
goblets, and compel it to take out a drinking license
for each fountain. To the benevolent public, there-
fore, to those who bailed Mr. Gurney's scheme in
the first instance, and to those who received it with
a benevolent smile, the appeal must be made. It is
scarcely conceivable that this appeal should be made
in vain ; so numerous, so cogent, so moving are
the arguments that may be advanced in its support.
To those who are not to be touched by any but
" sensation" pleas, we may be permitted to suggest
how greatly drinking fountains must tend to di-
minish delirium tremens and hydrophobia, as ugly
an alternative as it is possible to hit upon among
" the ills that flesh is heir to." To those whom
milder persuasives will reach we may point out the
fact, universally acknowledged, that drunkenness is
one of the most fruitful causes of crime among the
lower orders; and that, therefore, whatever has a
tendency to diminish drunkenness will, pro tanto,
cause a diminution of crime. Those who look deeper
into the sources of human happiness and misery, we
may remind that much of the wretchedness observ-
able in the dwellings of- the poor, much of the
squalor in which their unhappy children are reared,
is owing to the large amount of money spent by the
labouring class upon fermented liquors, far beyond
the measure of them which may be regarded in the
light of wholesome support or beneficial stimulant.
We are no advocates for teetotalism or the Maine
Liquor Law. We should be sorry to take from a
hard-working man his pint, or even his pot, of beer,
as part of his daily sustenance. What we contend
for is, that his proper allowance of it will do him all
the more good if he learns to restrict his use of it to
a reasonable quantity at meal time, and beyond that
to quench his thirst with a drink of pure water.
Others, again, who think less of the improvement,
and care more for the comfort of their fellow-crea-
ture., may be asked to consider what a boon a drink
of fresh, pure water, always accessible, is to the
multitudes of men, women, and children who throng
our thoroughfares. They may be asked to extend
their sympathies to the brute creation, and to share
the pleasurable sensations of the horses and dogs,
to whom the trough of the drinking fountain proves
a Castalian spring. Are all these delectable emotions
of human and animal sympathy to be enjoyed for
nothing ? Fie upon such selfishness! Let those
who feel their heart warmed by the thought of
thousands of throats seasonably, innocently, and
gratuitously cooled in this hot weather transmit
their tribute of sympathy in the shape of a sove-
reign, a five-shilling piece, or a dozen postage
stamps, to the office of the Drinking Fountain Asso-
ciation, at 4, Church-court, Lombard-street, in the
consciousness that he has done a good deed.

COUNTRY MARKETS.

Ix

GLOUCESTER-AuG. 22.

The show of new English wheat to-day was fair, which
was sold at a reduction of 2s per qr. Foreign wheat was
much pressed, and American fully 2s lower. Beans and
oats very dull. Barley unaltered.