The Sun.
London, England, 1863-09-01 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEP PE MBE R 1, .1.863.

LONDON, 'TUESDAY, SEPT. 1, 1863.

It was, from every point of view, the noblest
incident in the last French Revolution, the Revo-
lutiou of February, 1848, when M. DE LAMAR-
TINE, iu front of the Hotel de Ville, proclaimed the
abolition of the punishment of death for political
offences. Th© repudiation by that same poet-orator
of the red flag of the Ultra-Democrats was, it is
true, a magnificent improvisation ! That red flag
which, as the Revolutionary Leader then exclaimed
in a sudden and ever-memorable burst of elo
quence, and at the imminent hazard of his life
while uttering the words, that red flag which
had made merely the tour of the Champ
de /tiers trailed in the blood of the peo•
pie, while the tricolour had been making
on the contrary, the tour of all Europe with the
glory and the liberties of France : meaning by the
latter, not Imperialism (of that we may be certain),
but instead of Imperialism, the pick of the doctrines
of 1789, the noblest and sublimest of the political
principles set forth by the Great French Revolution.
Another resplendent incident redeeming much that
was culpable in the outbreak of February, was the
Lynch-law applied, through an instinct of recti-
tude, by the populace of Paris to those who would
fain have desecrated the national movement by
the despicable meanness of theft. But incom-
parably beyond all other incidents of the time,
even those the most signally evidencing the
valour of individual Leaders like LADIARTINE,
or the magniminity of that general multitude
he was leading by the beck of his finger or the

tone of his voice—was the incident already parti-
cularised—the proclamation by that Poet Statesman
of the abolition, thenceforth and forever in France,
of tbe Punishment of Death for Political Offinces.

If it but might be, in any way, possible that, from
the utterance of kindred accents, only the other
day at Malines, by!the lips of CHARLES, the Count
DE MoNTALEmEERT,:there might cease the passions
of fanaticism, of bigotry, of that cruel and dreadful
zeal which has before now, at intervals, so often
during the past centuries, desecrated the holy name
of Religion, by outraging the divine and beneficent
doctrines of the Founder of Christianity ! Nobler
accents than those we are about to quote as having
been so very recently uttered by the Count DE
MONTALEMBERT, in the:magnificent oration deli-
vered by him to his assembled co-religionists at
Malines, nobler, gentler, bolder, loftier accents
than these have hardly been uttered in our time.
" Can one at the present day," asked MONTALEM-
BERT, "demand liberty for truth—that is to say,
fir one's self (since every one, if he be sincere, be-
lieves himself a follower of the truth), and refuse it
to error—that is to say, to those who do not think
as we do ?" And, his own question, he an-
swered at once and unhesitatingly. " I dis-
tinctly reply, No !'" Pausing immediately, how-
ever, upon his utterance of that monosyllable, he
added,in the spirit of FENELON," Here, I well know,
incedo per ignes, and I hasten once more to declare
that I have no pretens;on beyond that of expressing
an individual opinion ; I bow before all the texts,
all the canons that may be cited to me, and not one
of them will I contest or discuss." So that it is a
Churchman amongst Churchman,a believer amongst
believers, an ultramontane even amongst ultramon-
tanes, who is speaking what we aro about to quote
as having fallen but the other day (in the presence of
the eternities, we might say but the other instant)
from the lips of the Count DE MONTALEMBERT
And what were those words—with these
humble prostrations, beforehand, before the canons
what were those words he uttered, in
the hearing of four thousand souls at Malines,
words afterwards to be echoed through the
whispering galleries of the Press throughout all
Christendom ?—" I cannot," he said, " to .day repress
the conviction which reigns in my conscience and
in my heart. I cannot refrain from expressing it
after having read during the last twelve years the
attempts to rehabilitate men and things which
nobody in my youth, nobody among the Catholics,
dreamt of defending." Mark well, now, what
follows !—" I declare, then, that I feel an invin-
cible horror for all tortures and violence inflicted
upon humanity under the pretext of serving or de-
fending religion. The faggots lighted by a Catholic
hand inspire me with as much horror as the scaffolds
on which the Protestants immolated so many
martyrs. (Sensation and applause.) The gag forced
into the mouth of whomsoever lifts up his voice with
a pure heart to preach his faith—that gag I feel be-
tween my own lips, and I shudder with pain. (Sen-
swim) When 1 evoke in imagination the gloricus
martyrs of the liberty of Catholic consciences ; when
I think of"THOMAS MottE and the other victims of
the founder of the Anglican Church ; of all those
pious Jesuits who, with a heroism so modeat and
undaunted, bathed cruel England with their blood ;
oe the Franciscans of Gorcum ; of the innumerable
priests who mended the steps of the guillotine or
rotted in the pontoons of Rochefort ; of LA Vendee
butchered, of Ireland starved, of Poland agonising,
I will not endure that the blessed privilege,
the holy joy, of admiring and invoking such martyrs
should ever be troubled or tarnished by the neces-
sity of approving or encasing other cruelties acrd
other crimes, buried though these may be in the en.
sanguined obscurity of the past. The Spanish in-

quisitor saying to the heretic, ' The truth or death,'
is as odious to me as the French terrorist saying to
my grandfather, Liberty, fraternity, or death.'
(Acclamations.) The human conscience has the right
to insist that these hideous alternatives shall never
again be presented to it. (Fresh applause.)'' And
whose heart is there amongst us here in England,
that is not moved to its innermost depths by these
penetrating and most persuasive accents, that will
not thrill as with the reverberation of the
plaudits extorted by the utterance of those
words, extorted by the genius of the great orator
who uttered them to the four thousand fellow-
mortals assembled together to hear them only a few
days since in the old Belgium city of Malines?
Such as they are, those eloquent words, those pene-
trating accents, those beautiful and beneficent
utterances, we commend them to the attention of
all alike, to matter what their creed or country,
their prejudices or their predilections.

We are happy to see that the effort made by Mr.
LAIRD, last session, to introduce a bill to render it
compulsory on shipowners to supply their vessels
with proved cables and anchors has not been with-
out fruit. It is true that from the factious opposi-
tion of wealthy and interested individuals the bill
was so mutilated that Mr. LAIRD very properly
withdrew it, expressing, at the same time, his inten-
tion of introducing a similar one next session, but the
ventilation given to the subject by the debate in
question bas aroused the dormant energies of the
committee of LLOYD'S. They have at length done
what we have pressed on them, time after time, and
taken the matter into their own hands. Life and Fire
Insurance Companies require certain stipulated rules
to be observed, otherwise the policies are null and
void. When a steam engine is on the premises in-
sured, if flooring, or rather combustible material be
erected in too close proximity to the furnace, the
office is not held responsible for the loss sustained
in case of fire. Why should not Marine Insurance
Companies act on the same principle with regard
to anchors and cables ? The first step in the right
direction has now been taken. Heretofore, while
the Government, the India Board, and the Emigra-
tion Commissioners refused to charter any vessel
unless a certificate were produced showing that the
anchors and cables had been tested up to the Admi-
ralty proof, merchant vessels have been allowed
to proceed to sea, fully insured, with defective and
worn-oat cables, a fact of which owners, crew, and
captain were alike cognisant. The owners had
nothing to fear, as in many cases a loss might prove
a gain. The captain and crew hod no voice in the
matter, they had only the alternative of sailing in
the ship as she was, or of giving place to others,
less particular, who were willing to run the
risk. The result of all this has been the loss of
hundreds of lives and millions worth of property.
As a matter of economy it is obvious that the
underwriters of LLOYD'S should do something, and
we are glad to learn that their eyes are at length
opened to the fact that their own interests as well
as those of humanity are involved in the question
whether ships shall in future go to sea efficiently,
equipped or no. Last Thursday a number of scien-
tific gentlemen, at the Proving-house of LLOYD'S
committee, in the New-road, Poplar, met for the
purpose of witnessing the mode designed by Mr.
T. AL GLADSTONE, C.E., of testing the merits of
chain cables and anchors. This Proving-house was
erected last year, under the direction of this gen-
tlemen, the engineer to the Committee of LLOYD'S;
its ostensible object being to enable the owners ot
vessels who require certificates of the efficiency of
their anchors and cables to obtain them readily.
They have, therefore, made arrangements for prov-
ing all chains and anchors brought to the Proving-
house, and arrangements are now being made with
a view to the construction of similar Louses at the
principal seaports. The establishment at Poplar is
about 500 feet in length, and a chain cable of 75
fathoms can be proved in one operation, whereas
formerly it was necessary to test it in sections of
12 to 15 fathoms, a tedious and less satisfactory
process. Mr. GLADSTONE deserves great credit for
his iegenuity, and for the thorough and scientific
manner in which all the details of the work are
carried out. By the use of a travelling crane of
peculiar construction, styled the "Dromedary," all
the work is performed in a few minutes, but little
manual labour being required. Thus far the work
has progressed satisfactorily. It yet remains for
commercial enterprise and sagacity to enact and
enforce laws for the protection of life and property,
which hitherto the House of Commons has been too
indolent or too indifferent to enter on the statute-
book. Let it be once clearly enunciated by in-
surance companies that the production of a test
certificate is a szne qua non before a claim for in-
demnity can be entertained, and let this rule be
strictly enforced, and the employes at the Proving-
houses will soon have plenty of work on their hands,
and the strength of Mr. GLADSTONE'S dromedaries
will be tested more severely than ever were those
of their namesakes on the sands of Egypt. Life
and property will be more secure in our coasters,
and the wives and sweethearts of our small traders
and sailors will not run so great a risk of bidding
them a long farewell when they leave port on a
few days' voyage.

All great discoveries and inventions, especially
those from which large profits may be derived, are
for a long period retarded in their development'
both by factious opposition and by the obstinacy of
interested parties, whose profits may be endangered
by the adoption of the new invention, or whose in-
terest may be best served by the application of
only a certain portion of it. It is not to be sup.
posed that the electric telegraph has escaped this
trial any more than other groat discoveries. As
regards the lines of communication which traverse
all parts of the civilised globe, the competition of so
many electricians, extended as it has been over so
vast a field, has resulted in the great improvement
and simplification of electric telegraphs. We wish
we could say the same regarding the submarine
telegraphs. Money has not been wanting to carry
Our these undertakings on a large scale. Fortune
seemed to favour such enterprises; fir just when
doubts were being raised as to what substance
would serve as an insulator, and yet resist the strain
and wear and tear to which a marine cable would
be subjected, Nature solved the difficulty, and gutta
percha became at once an article of commerce, and
was generally adopted for marine telegraphs. Yet
since the first attempt of the kind, undertaken
within a
comparatively recent period, to lay down
a coneecting link between England and France,
which, although
a failure in the first instance, was
shortly afterwards successfully accomplished, but
little progress has been made in developing the
efficacy of electric currents,under advantageous ar-
rangments, to transmit intelligence
along the bed of
the ocean. Great difficulties have no doubt been
experienced by electricians and engineers in pur-
suing this complex and novel subject, but we cannot
shut our eyes to the fact that progress hesbeen greatly
retarded by petty jealousies and sordid motives.
In too many cases private interest has carried the
day, to the detriment of the general public. Where
many projects and plans are started, all cannot be
right, and some will do doubt be found wanting.
We therefore think that, in justice to proprietors
(to say nothing of the public), engineers end direc-

tors, et hoc genus mane, should, when placed in
responsible positions, act impartially to all. They
should, without favour or affection, do justice to
their employers, instead, as is too often the case,
lending their influence to aid some project in which
they have either a pecuniary interest or which
they may have adopted as a hobby. These remarks
do not apply to electricians, engineers, or any
others in particular. We are sorry to say that
there are many in every profession who
are to blame in this respect ; but now
that there is again a prospect of the com-
munication between the old and new worlds
being opened, it behoves all to endeavour to promote
so great an undertaking to the best of their power.
We have before us a little pamphlet, by Mr.
PIGGOTT, the electrician, in which he complains
that his project to simplify and economise
the working of marine telegraphs has met with
a determined opposition from electricians and
others. Notwithstanding his inventions have
proved successful under many tests, he has been
so opposed that he sees no other way of ventilating
it than by giving it publicity, as a last resource,
through the press. We do not care to enter upon
the controversy, either to vindicate his claim or to
question it—that matter rests with those who
have undertaken the management and direc-
tion of the laying down of marine cables.
But there is no doubt that if but a part
of his theory be correct, which experiments
have substantiated as far as they have been tested,
a great change must take place in our oceanic
telegraphs before long. So long as contending
powers are brought into play, the one as it were
to work against the other, although the object
sought may for a time be obtained, sooner or later
the cable is destroyed, and it stands to reason that
the longer the cable the greater the resistance,
therefore the greater the power required, and con•
sequently the quicker the destruction of the cable.
Mr. PIGGOTT states that he obviates these difficul-
ties by a cable as simple as it is efficient. It is
constructed with a core of galvanised iron consist-
ing of several strands twisted and covered, along
which are laid two copper covered wires attached
to each side of the recording instrument. The
copper wire is again covered, to form it into a
rope, and the whole is overlaid with a preserva-
tive composition. The cable thus becomes a Leyden
jar within itself, generating its own charge of elec-
tricity without the aid of any battery power. The
iron wire being electrically minus and the copper
plus, the water penetrating the cable is the means
of developing those conditions. It is obviously
impossible that in a system like this there should
be any retardation or induction, because there is no
local battery nor other conditions to produce them.
His cable being always charged, and consequently
always in a static electric condition from end to
end,lthe slightest disturbance at one end, on making
contact with the opposite metal, is instantaneously
felt at the other; for the elements which, until the
very moment of contact, was in all parts passive,
becomes by such contact in all parts active.
We lay these facts before the public not in any
way to promote the interests of Mr. PIGGOTT. We
hope that his project may be successful, for if so, it
will greatly promote international intercourse, and
as he relies upon natural causes rather than on
chemical assistance, the economy of such a process
must be obvious. Our object is to draw the atten-
tion of those who have embarked their money in
speculations, the practical working of which is as
yet uncertain, to the necessity of taking advantage
of every improvement which may from time to time
be suggested. We are never too old to learn.
What were impossibilities to our ancestors are
axioms to the present generation. We admire the
genius and talent of the :ancient Greeks and Nor-
mans, yet while contemplating their greatness we
are apt to overlook that their seient'fic knowledge
was not high enough to enable them to discover
that water will rise to its own level by the laws of
nature, and that many of their costly aqueducts
were unnecessary, and that the tedious and expen-
sive processes then adopted to supply their cities
with water would be laughed at by modern engi-
neers. May not a future generation think the same
of our submarine telegraph ?

A HISTORY of Great Britain, written in modern
Greek by G. Lampese, has been recently published.
MR. W. CROOKES, F.R.S., has reprinted for
private distribution his recent communication to the Philo•
sophical Maga:inc. The statements and evidence given
are said to be decisive in proving him the discoverer of the
metal lhallium !

MEETING OF THE EMPERORS.—It is said, though
the authori7 is somewhat doubtful, that the Emperor of
Austria is to have an interview with the Emperor Napoleon.
The rumour, whether true or otherwise, is certainly gain-
ing ground.

A MEMORIAL TO THE LATE MR. MULREADY !
The members of the Royal Academy are about to raise a
statue to the veteran painter in the National Gallery.
WIXERE is M. TRIERS DRIVING P—M. Thiers's
coachman has committed suicide by hanging himself. This
is the second that has chosen this method for quitting his
service.

THE PHOTOGRAPHER REJLANDER has all the
genius for seizing on thorough artistic incidents ;
he groups his figures and poises them with admirable skill,
raises somehow in his subjects the very look, action, and
point required, and catches the happy moment with the
quickness of the lightning flash. Who can look at his
" Participle-catching" and his " Participle-caught," and
not enjoy it as much as one of Hunt's quaint water-colours ?
You see the boy's hand stealing gradually towards the fly,
then you can almost hear the insect buzzing in it,

THE NOTORIOUS CONSPIRATOR, Mazzini, is
reported to be now lying dangerously ill at Lucerne.
THE CHOLERA AND THE SEVENTY-SEVENTH.—
We regret to hear that some fatal cases of cholera have oc-
curred in the 77th Regiment, stationed at Allahabad.
SIGNIFICANT BEARDS,—Dr. Heinrich Hoffman,
known as the Frankfurt " Struwelpeter," has, in
little book of his, given the following passage descriptive of
the party-significance of beards in the parliamentary days :
1. No hoard : Pkilistcr, Epicicr, .Bourgeons. If the man
is Very elegantly dressed, and goes so far as to wear glacd
gloves, he belongs to the diplomatic reactionary party ; but
he may be roughly handled. 2. Small moustache, carefully
circa, and smooth chin: an aristocratic reactionnaire. Given
occasionally to pistol-shooting, and must, therefore, be
treated with caution. 3, Moustache, with small imperial :
may belong to the police, and must likewise be treated with
due caution, unless, indeed, one has many good friends on
one's side. 4. Strong, heavy moustache, without whiskers :
belongs to the centre left. Is of no decided political hue.
A little shaving will make him reactionary. Must be won
over if possible, but not too implicitly trusted. 5. Not
shaved at all—beard from ear to ear : A. Systematically
trimmed with scissors, the hair stiff and brush-like : a de-
cided rriyen.d o
L'. Natural
people, but more useful in practice than
in the . Natural growth, an untrimmed forest of
fo
hair, which no sharp instrument ever approached, flowing
down, and generally of mixed colours noble feiend of the
people, communistic dreamer, radical reformer, without
any historical basis, but sometimes with practical self-
determination.

A WOMAN SHOT BY A VOLUNTEER OFFICER.—
A very painful affair took place at Newcastle-on-
Tyne on Saturday evening, a female named Isabella Welsh
having been shot by a volunteer in the Newcastle
named Ensign James M'Cree. The injured woman is the
wife of tho sexton of St. Andrew's Church. Mr. M'Cree
is a partner in the extensive firm of M'Cree and Thompson,
timber merchants in that town. At a late hour on Satur-
night, some persons were standing near his timber-yard in
Gallowgate, and were ordered away by him. They did
not go, and he kit the spot, but shortly afterwards re-
turned with a gun, and again asked them if they would
leave, On seeing
the curl !ley at once moved oil; but had
not gone far, when he disoharged the gun, the contents of
which entered the leg below the knee of Mrs. Welsh, who
was passing. She was carried to,her own home, and was
attended by Dr. Scott, who expressed his opinion that the
gun had been loaded with ball. The poor woman was taken
to the infirmary. Mr. M'Cree was at once sought atter by
the police, but could not be found until the next fawning,
when.he was apprehended. The unfortunate event has
caused " very painful sematiou, owing to the respectable
pmtrou of the prisoner.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTE R'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE POLISH QUESTION.

THORN, SEPT. 1.
It is reported that the Grand Duke Constantine
will not return to Warsaw. The Grand Duchess
is said to be already preparing for departure.

General Mieroslawski is stated to have been
persuaded to enter the service of the National
Government as organiser of volunteer bands with-
out the Polish frontier.

BERLIN, SErT. 1.

Letters from St. Petersburg, to the 30th ult.,
announce that an imperial ukase has been issued,
ordering the incorporation of 43 regiments of the
reserve with the active army.
The Grand Duke Constantine has attended a
Council of Ministers held at Tzorskoe-Zelo, under
the presidency of the Emperor, at which the ques-
tion of replying to the notes of the three Powers
was discussed.

The Grand Duke has been received in the most
friendly manner by the Emperor since his return
from Warsaw.

VIENNA, AUG. 31 (Evening).

Rumours are current that a number of Hungarian
notables will shortly assemble at Pesth, under the
presidency of the
Emperor, to discuss measures
tending to bring about a solutim of the Hungarian
question.

......•••••••,,.....

SPAIN,
MADRID, AUG. 31 (Evening).

A letter from Marshal Espartero has been pub-
lished, recommending the electors to abstain from

voting.

General Prim had a long conference with the
Queen yesterday at La Granja, after which he re-
turned to Madrid, and had an interview with Senor
Olozaga. The leading members of the progressista
party will meet this week in Madrid. Should they
decide upon abstaining from voting,
they will pub-
lish their motives for this course. The Ministry
persist in excluding non-electors from the prepara-
tory electoral meetings,

FRANCE.

PARIS, SEPT. 1.

An Imperial decree, published to•day, fixes the
octroi duty in Paris on bread and corn at lc. per
kilogramme ; on flour, ic. 3 dieciemes per kiilo-
gramme—the proceeds to go to the Caisse de Bou-
langerie.

The decree farther orders that whenever the
price of bread may
exceed 50 centimes, the Caisse
de Boulangerie is to bear the surplus.

The France Centrale, published at Blois, has been
suspended for two months.

paper having ann
The motive for the suspension is stated, as the
France at St. Petersburg had demanded an audience
outiced that the Ambassador of
of Prince Gortschakoff, but had not obtained a word
of answer.

This statement is declared to be false, calculated
to disquiet the public, and excite hatred against the
Government.

BOURSE, Aug.
31.—The market has been firm,
and the business done up to the present time shows
a 4 improvement on Saturday's quotations. The
Railway Share Market rather quiet, but firm.
The market acquired much buoyancy towards the
close, and left cff as follows :
It per Cents. 97 Italian L0an...... 73 50
Do. end month Do. end month.... 73 75
3 per Cents .. 6B 10 New ditto ....... . 73
Do. end month 68 15 Do. end month.... 73 25
Credit Mobilier 1140 Russian ........

Do. end m0nth...:1148 75
Bank Shares 3390
Credit F oucier l2BO

Austrian ........
Spanish Threes.... 53
Home Debt ...... 51

RA ILWAY6.

-Cash. Account.
Orleans lO3O • • 1028 75
Northern .. ..
New. ditto . -- • • -: ---
Lyons and Mediterranean 1035 .. 103 a
Geneva.. 492 50 .. 493 75
Southern
Western .. 531 25 .. 530
Eastern
Sardinian......
Austrian .. 428 75 .. 427 50
Lou.bard . 562 50 .. 560
North of Spain
Saragossa. . 678 75 .. 680
Ditto to Barcelona - .. 356 25

ALEXANDRIA, SEPT. 1.

The Messageries Imperiales steamer reluse, with
the India and China mails, left here to-day. She
takes 59 passengers, and 842 bales of silk.

a Diet sitting at Warsaw and an autonomous in-
ternal existence, and moreover, it would send De-
pities to the Chamber of Representatives. The same
plz,n would be adopted as regards Finland and the
othc great provinces of the empire. This project
is opposed by the Court party, which, should it
be ; lopted, would see its importance diminished,
and, moreover, it meets with competition from
the c y of Moscow, which is desirous of becoming
the se. t of the Constitutional Russian Empire, leav-
ing the Court to reside at St. Petersburg. These
d)fficul,ies are not insurmountable, and it is pro-
bable that the Emperor will carry out the liberal
intentions by which he is animated."

THE CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS.
SOUTHAMPTON, SEPT. 1.

The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer
Poonah, with the heavy portion of the above mails,
has arrived here.

She brings M passengers, pearls and precious
stones value 76,000 rupees, and a general cargo, in-
cluding 2,675 bales of raw silk, value £26,000
sterling.

In the Mediterranean the Poonah experienced
fine weather, but in the Bay of Biscay strong
westerly winds and a heavy swell.
On the 26th ult. she spoke the Pera with the
outward mails of the 20th.

Gibraltar, Aug. 27.—E sehange on London 90
days, 491 to 50. Paris, 528. Madrid, par.
Freights unaltered.

DENMARK AND GERMANY.

The following is the declaration made by the
Danish Envoy at the sitting of the Diet, Aug. 27, in
reply to the resolution of the Diet of July 9:—
"When, during the negotiations of 1851-52, his Majesty's
Government declared it to be their intention to unite in an
equal manner all parts of the Danish monarchy, so as to
form one collective constitutional State, this was done on
the necessary, tend on both sides expressly admitted, suppo-
sition that the relation of the duchies of Holstein and Lauen-
burg to the Germanic Confederation would not be incompa-
tible with the independent position of a Danish collective
monarchy in the European system of States, and that the
participation of those duchies in a common constitutional
representation with the other parts of the State would be in
harmony with the rights and laws of the Confederation,
and this was moreover confirmed by a formal decree of the
Diet.

" His Majesty's Government do not intend to go into a
detailed expression of all the measures that were undertaken
for the purpose of carrying out the intentions of his Ma-
jesty, or of all the difficulties encountered. All these cir-
cumstances are well known to the Confederation, and have
too often already been the source of a difference of opinion.
His Majesty's Government do not wish to renew a discussion
in this respect. There cannot, however, be any difference
of opinion as to the essential change having since taken
place in the views entertained of the position and object of
the Germaaic Confederation, and consequently also of its
rights over the Federal territories belonging to the Danish
Monarchy. His Majesty's Government believe, therefore,
that they state only a fact when they declare that the sup-
positions entertained in 1851-52 have not been realised, and
twit his Majesty's Government have consequently been
gradually placed before the alternative of giving up either
the independence of the entire Danish monarchy, or the
closer union of the federal territories with the other parts of
the monarchy—an alternative which left no choice.

" What the Duchy of Lanenburg has possessed in an un-
interrupted and undisturbed manner ever since it came
under the Crown of Denmark Holstein obtained by the
Constitutional Law of 1851—viz., a constitutional guaran-
tee for its independence as to all its own affairs, in the
widest sense of the term. His Majesty's Government have
besides declared themselves ready to give this special Con-
stitution a more free development in unison with the libe-
ral principles of the Danish political systeni.
" On the other hand, the position which has assigned the
federal territories in the monarchy in respect to the common
affairs of the whole country would in nowise have hindered
his Majesty in the conscientious accomplishment of all the
federal obligations assumed by him, nor would the participa-
tion of the duchies in a common Constitution have im-
perilled their own individual development of their financial
interests.

" When, under these circumstances, his Majesty's
Government have conceded a political individuality and
a constitutional independence, in respect to the common
affairs of the State to a territory, which before only
possessed a provincial existence and only the right to be
treated as a pr( vince of the monarchy, his Majesty's
Government have made this sacrifice only for the sake
of satisfying, on the one side, the wishes of the
people of Holstein, whose representatives have these
many years and under every form opposed a common con-
stitutional representation embracing Holstein, and of corn •
plying, on the other side, with the requisitions of the Ger-
manic Confederation, which,in order to protect the indepen-
dence and equal rights of Holstein and Lauenburg, de-
manded by the decrees of March 8, 1860, and Feb. 7, 1861,
that no law in common affairs, especially in matters of
finance, should be enacted for the duchies which had not
been sanctioned by the estates.'
"it is this which, almost in the same words, has been
established by the proclamation of March 30.
" The principle which has been carried out in this
arrangement cannot well be disputed by the Germanic Con-
federation, for it is a principle which it has itself advanced.
The independence and equality of rights claimed for the
Federal territories could certainly not be more fully conceded
or secured than by the course now taken by his Majesty's
Government, and all doubts as to whether the union of
Holstein with the Danish monarch would interfere with
the accomplishment of the Federal obligations of his Ma-
jesty must completely disappear with the concession of a
general independence to the Federal territories. His Majesty
the King has already declared his readiness to make his
subjects in Holstein partakers of whatever free development
the future may hold in reserve for Germany and the Ger-
manic Confederation. As the realization of this intention
would require such a position of Holstein as that assigned
it by the proclamation of March 30, there would also in this
respect be cause for his Majesty's Confederates, and espe-
cially in view of the recent events in Germany, to give to
this bearing of the arrangement a due consideration.
His Majesty's Government are animated by the sincere
desire of removing every cause of dispute which has already
for too long a period disturbed the peaceful relations of
closely-connected neighbouring lands. His Majesty's Go-
vernment being, for the reasons before stated, unable to re-
peal the proclamation of March 30, they have instructed
His Majesty's Envoy to furnish the Confederation with such
explanations as it may desire as to particular points. His
Majesty's Government venture to hope that sucha discussion
would induce the Confederation to change its opinion. They
moreover, do not hesitate to declare that not only would any
propositions concerning the duchies of Holstein and Lauen-
burg be taken into the most serious consideration, but also
all decrees of the Confederation be executed, in the said
duchies, provided only they respected the inalienable sove-
reignty of his Majesty over his federal dominions, and did
not thwart a free exercise of the legislative power in those
other parts of the monarchy which do not belong to the
Confederation.
" When, finally, the resolution of the Diet points to the
possibility of a federal execution being near at hand his
Majesty's Government can (ally refer to their declaration of
the 9th ult. Whatever be the manner in which the Diet
judges of the extent of its competency under the acts of
federation, there can be uo doubt that after his Majesty's
Government have recognised the political independence of
the federal duchies, and declared themselves ready, if re-
quired, to negotiate concerning tho realisation of that inde-
pendence, such an eventuality could only be judged of from
an international point of view."

MARKETS—This Day.

HAY ➢IARK2TS.

S➢IITHFIELD. Old Meadow hay, £3 108 to £4 lOs;
new do., £3 to £4 ; old clover, £4 lOs to £6 Os ; new do.,
£4 Os to £5 Os; and straw, £1 8s to £1 16s per load.
Trade firm.
CUMBEKLAND.—OId Meadow hay, £3 lOs to £4 10s ;
Dew do., £3 Os to £4 ; old clovet, £4 lOs to £6 Os ; new do.,
£.4 Os to .£,.5 Us; and straw, £1 8s to £1 16s per load.
A steady demand.
WHITECHAPEL —Old Meadow hay, £3 lOs to £4 10s,
new do , £3 Os to £4 Os; old clover, £4 lOs to £6 Os; new
du , Os to ib Os; and straw, £1 8s to £1 16s per load.
1 rade steady.