The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-31 00:00:00

TN FUN, This Week, One Penny, Our Prize
Essays—Name of the Winnir ; Sir Matthew White
:Ridley, M.P. ; The Frankfort Diet—all Smoke, &c.,

OYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE
Lessee, Mr. George Vining.
Under the Management of Mr. Walter Montgomery
CHARD
THIS EVENING, Shakespere's Tragedy of R
111. Richard, Duke of Gloster Mr. Walter Montgomery.
After which, LEND ME FIVE SHILLINGS.
Commence at 7.

NEW TEE ATRE-RO Y AL, ADELPHI.-
sole Proprietor and Manager. Mr. B. Webster.
TitlS EVENING (2d week), at 7, a new comic drama, THE
it_ND CHICKENS ; or, ASign of Affefiti9n. Messrs.
Bill ingtoß. Phillips, Stephenson ; Mrs. Stirling and Miss
H. Simms.
After whicb, at a quar'er-past 8, the new drama of THE
DAUNTED MA.N ; Olt, T E GHOST'S BARGAIN, in
'which will he exhibited Professor Pepper's adaptation of
'e Great Spectral Illusion. Messrs. J. L. Toole, R. Phi:lips
efton C. J. Smith; Mrs. Alfred Mellon and Miss 11. Simms:
Followed by a new Burlesque, entitled ILL-TREATED
IT, T ItO VATORE. ssrs. Toole. I'. Bedford, It. Phillips,
klimrnc, C. . Smith, 'Romer ; the Sisters Nelson, Carry and
Bar a.nd Miss K. Kelly.

ROYAL STRAND THEATRE.
Manager, Mr. W. H. Swanborough.
THIS EVENING, BIS FIRST CHAMPAGNE. Mr.
Leigh Murray.
Followed by (37th time) THE MOTTO, "I'M ALL
THE KR." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier,
Clifton; Mesdames Ada Swanborough, F. Josephs, Maria
Simpson, Wallace, and Jenny White.
To conclude with TURN HIM OUT. Mr. Turner, Miss
Thorne,

Commence at 7.

rfIFIE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN."
Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE,
can be had Every Evening of

G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT,
No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
THIS DAY.—Morning, 3h. 30m.—Afternoon, 3h. 52m
To-Koß,Row.-Morning, 4h. 15m.—Afternoon, 4h. 30m,

The Weather—Sun Office, Aug. 31, 1863,

circumstance for him, no doubt of
it, but it was in
no way whatever a discredit Able circumstance.
Personally, indeed, ever sinr :e then. he appears
to have comported himself in
a manner
befitting one who has occupir.d the nosition osten-
sibly of a gentleman of hon our anal education, and
more even than that, as thf sequel of his career ha' s
shown, one of refined trABl.6 arid of lavish hospiti
lity. As a reason for ikeliraing to make good file
amount claimed under. ti. 9 insurance, the case for
the defendants brc'Le down altogether. :,tilt
more conspicuous was the collapse of the
evidence brought, together by them with
a view to it's leading eventually to the
conviction of 'the plaintiff for arson. So
soon as their last witness had left the bom after
cross-examination, it became apparent that they
bad, as the, familirar phrase is, not a leg to stand
upon. Painful though the whole of this investiga-
tion cannot, by possibility, but have been to Mr.
WOOLLEY, to the insurance company itself. it can-
not bv.t be very seriously damaging.

L ord STANLEY'S speech at the Royal North Lan-
caslire Agricultural Association is well worthy of
parusal. He laid great stress on the state of agri-
cultural improvement in this country, that being
(rile of the objects with which the society had to deal.
An interesting circumstance was referred to, in the
fact of Sir R. PEEL having written a letter thirteen
years ago, in which he alluded to the then condition
of Lancashire. He said that there were good roads,
good markets, and a moist climate, which remained
" undrained, badly fenced, and wretchedly farmed."
Then, said Lord STANLEY, " I ask anyone to com-
pare the Lancashire of 1850 with that of 1863."
His lordship truly stated that the progress made in
those eventful years was greater than in the fifty
preceding ones ; afterwards, referring to the society,
he said that twenty years ago it was at a low level,
but now it had kept pace with any in England, in
regard to improvements, at the same time due re-
gard had not been paid to agricultural improve-
ments!. Putting his words into the form of exem-
plification, he said that, looking to the country as it
was, and considering the "simple and elementary
processes of agricultural improvements, large fields,
straight fences, and deep drains," there was, per-
haps, not one-half of the country in the state in
which it ought to be, and in which, in all proba-
bility, in the next generation it would be.
Lord STANLEY'S speeches are always pre-
eminently practical, and to the point; he never
flatters or exaggerates, but seeks to point out the
deficiencies, and flaws in a system, as well as
parading the merits of the case. This style of speak-
ing may not be so pleasing, but it is more salutary
certainly, and the hearers of such harangues may
afterwards look back with satisfaction, and acknow-
ledge the benefits they have derived therefrom,
which might not have accrued from more brilliant
discourses, and more exciting studies. Lord
STANLEY referred to his own personal experience
in the Tylde district. He said that when he
went there he was much pleased with the
general appearance of the place. There were
hardworking tenant-farmers whose families had
lived there from time immemorial. In a social
sense nothing could be better. There were the evi-
dences of hard work, independence, and comfort.
But viewed as an agriculturist would regard it, the
spot was very different. There was water standing
upon the ground after bat a little rain, and rushes
so luxuriant that one might have fancied them to
be the staple produce of the soil. Worse than this,
there wero large tracts of land going to waste be-
cause the owners and occupiers could not agree
among themselves and unite to drain the ground
in a proper manner. Lord STANLEY proved the
truth of a homely adage, but a very true one, re-
garding the great importance of the master's eye
being upon the work, by stating that the "most un-
satisfactory of all the estates he saw were those
that belonged to the Duchy of Lancaster, and they
were under the direct control of the Crown." As
may be supposed there was laughter at thia remark,
which seemed designed to show that there was no
royal road to agriculture, bridging all difficulties
and subduing obstacles, but that the common law
held good in the highest as well as the lowest pro-
perties. There is an anecdote extant which is
doubtless founded upon truth, that tells of a noble-
man who took great interest in rural matters, and
complained to a farmer on his estate that he could
not get such produce from the soil as his humbler
neighbours did. The tenant exclaimed, " True ;
but the difference consists in one word, my lord.
You say ' Go,' and I say Come.' " Of course this
rule would apply to any arduous undertaking.
It is always of essential conseqaence that
those who take an immediate interest in the
conduct of an affair, should have a ruling voice in
its concerns. Lord STANLEY went on to point out
another deficiency in the Outward cultivation of
Lancashire. There were many landlords who de-
rived benefit
tbheenreefifetrfe romthe product's beneath the soil, and
w
indifferent
as to the progress of agri-
culture. They were very naturally tempted by
the profits, forgetting the difference that existed
militated The
between manufacturing and agricultural risks.
old system of giving life leases
greatly against this, produced great injury, drained
resources,
and turned the relation of landlord and
tenant into a sort of "gambling speculation:, The
speaker next summed up the difficulties of
position as regarded cultivation. The climate was
less genial, and the soil required a good deal of
labour to work it, but on the other side they had
abundance of labour to come to their assistance ;
their population was very rapidly increasing,
Taking all things together, then, the bad did not
seem to preponderate over the good. Lord STANLEY
forcibly expressed his meaning by stating that it
was not climate that made the difference in the
producing power of ono country over another, but
human industry, skill, and energy. "Naples is a
wilderness; the lowlands of Scotland are a garden."
This sentiment elicited loud cheers from the
audience. Lord STANLEY concluded his impressive
speech by stating that he had confidence in Lan-
cashire men, and he looked forward to the day
when various improvements should have taken
place. He adverted to the question of the employ-
ment of machinery, and remarked that the next
great step would create a revolution in English
agriculture, namely, ploughing by steam. Refer-
ring to the adoption of these novel modes of pro-
cedure by the farmers, he advised them to go with
the spirit of the times, and not oppose useless and
unavailing objections. "All I say is, this is a
question which cannot be evaded. Sooner or later
it will force itself upon you. At all times and in
all trades, the competition between mechanism and
hand labour has been too unequal to bwehseusetbasienrevde,
and those farmers will be thewiser
what has happened in other departments of in-
dustry, who take warning is time, and who take
care not to be left behind in the race."

Circumstances invest the proceedings of the Ca.
nadians with an unusual degree of interest, and a
good many English readers will turn with some
curiosity to the report of the address with which
the Uovernor-General opened the ne v Parliament.
The speech, in accordance with that policy by which
the constitutions of our colonies a c- made t) re-

semb:ie their English prototype as closely as pos-
siblie, is of a character familiar to most of us. It
aildresses collectively the members •of both assem-
',Ales, commenting on one or two points of import-
ance in the domestic economy ; it directs the atten-
tion of the popular branch of the Legislature to
the consideration of the estimates; and concludes
f with courtly expressions of confidence and hopes
for peace and prosperity. Under this seeming
routine, however, there lurk indications of some
moment. The assembling of the Parliament at an
unusual season is accounted for by the somewhat
abrupt
is not
tterminimatpiorneboafbtle thathelab theours stateitsof of affairs predecessor;aairs in
but
the neighbouring country may have had something
to do with it. Nothing is said, moreover, in refer-
ence to the conduct of the Federal States in the
observations made by the Governor-General re-
specting the proposed amendments of the Militia
Law, and to the increase in the volunteer force ;
but it is impossible not to recognise the influence
not only of the war raging in another part of the
great North American continent, but of Federal
arrogance and presumption in every word. The
defence of the country is a subject of vital import-
ance to the Canadians, when from the rashness and
insolence of the Government of the Northern States
they can never reckon on the maintenance of the
outwardly amicable relations between the Cabinets
of St. James's and Washington. It is true that
their union with this country is a tower of
strength to them; but, at the same time,
it is not impossible that the same cause may
involve the Canadians in a war with their powerful
neighbour. The ultimate issue would not be doubt-
ful with the mother country in the background, but
it needs all Canada's watchfulness and energy to
be on her guard against the first move. In this
matter she must help herself, and though some
among us have been too ready to censure the colo-
nists because their efforts appeared cUsproportionate
to their requirements, not regarding the scarcity of
the population, there can be no question that our
North American colonies must make greater and
more sustained efforts than they have hitherto done
if they wish to keep pace with the necessities of
their position. However much the security of
Canada may concern us, it touches them still more
nearly. It has been said by those who are unwil-
ling to make the required exertion that it is unfair
to call upon the colonists to carry on a war in which
they are not interested, and with whose origin they
have had nothing to do. To this, the sufficient
answer is that, without the support of that Power
which involves them in these disinterested wars,
they would probably long since have fallen victims
to the aggression of some stronger State. The ex-
tensive application of the Volunteer principle is the
safeguard for a colony like Canada. Every able-
bodied man should know how to shoulder his rifle,
and be familiar with the rudiments of military
training, that in the time of sudden need or
urgency the army of defence would be ready and
able to act at a moment's notice. The men of a
regular army could be ill spared from the popula-
tion of the country, and however admirable may be
the effects of enthusiasm and patriotic fervour, they
will not altogether supply the place of skill and
discipline. The Governor in his speech especially
directs the attention of the Legislature to the pro-
posed amendment in the militia law, and to the
large increase which has taken place in Volunteer
force. Offers of service continue to pour in, proving
that the whole colony is fully aware of the impor-
tance of the matter, and the Governor observes that
the interest felt in the formation of drill associations,
together with the eagerness of the youth of the
country to perfect their skill as marksmen, are evi-
dences of the readiness with which the people of
Canada would submit to hardship and sacrifice, were
it necessary in the cause of their country. It would
ill become the Governor of a professedly peaceful
State to state the resson why such urgent need
exists for strengthening the defence of the country,
but the riddle is not difficult to read, and will be
probably very quickly reed by a good many others.
At
selfiattce of
tieern y
s of finance are but lightly touched upon,
although the Governor alluded to the unsatisfactory
a
theb aesx
exceeded
ee
eqeudeed r, it nh
e which forincomings. H
somee years
suggeststh e
d
that some strenuous effort be made to put an end to
so awkward a discrepancy, and we may hope from
the improving fortanes of the colony that it will
not be very long before credit and debit change
places in the sum total. The proposal for opening
a telegraphic and postal communication between
e
Lake Superior and New Westminster
may well
styled an important undertaking, and the scheme
will probably be one of the first brought under
mGa legislative
sa rrenyuo trab noe ndbr ons
commercialet
neighboursiercv d A line connecting the Northern
,aff eept oobfi
point
her prospects
aonf ay ea w .
lvbeh, asboth
hn the
nh aat
mvaisgth;Onethinaeinn:t from north
whose
elinks
stretch
to south i
r e tchu
n bs r
ojoinedken ithrough n one
English territories, the commerce of the mother
country will be worthily represented by her descen-
dants. The colonists, like ourselves, are expressing
their thankfulness for that national blessing, an
abundant harvest, and the good it brings in its
train. :Let us hope that their course of in-
ternal progress and development may proceed
unchecked by the horrors of war, though the old
Canadian spirit would not shrink from sustaining
them if necessary. We would, moreover, caution
our friends of the Northern States that in case of
hostilities between them and Canada, we may turn
our modern education to some account, and show
them that we have improved in geography since the
days of Lord ASHBURTON; by rectifying the trifling
error which gave them Portland and Maine.

THE PRIVATEER FLORIDA AT BREST.--The in-
telligence recently published that the Confederate
steam corvette Florida had arrived at Brest is confirmed.
She has a Crew of 128 men, and had on board when she
reached Brest 24 other persons, 23 of whom composed the
crew of the Federal vessel the Anglo-Saxon, which the
Florida captured and burnt not far from the English coast.
Those men were landed at Brest and left to themselves in
the public street. The American Consul, on being informed
of the fact, took measures to secure them boarding and
lodging until their future fate is decided on. The other
man is the English pilot, who was on board the captured
vessel. The Florida, which has received free pratique, has
met with some damage to her engine and is short of coal.
PRIZE FIGHTS.--The
and Goss, to which the attention of ght
sporting men has for
great fi between Mace
some time past been directed, will come off to-morrow, but
the locality is, of course, a secret except to a few. Heenan,
"the Benicia Boy," whose fight with Tom Sayers created
so much excitement some time ago, is to fight Kireg, who
won the last battle for the championship in his contest with
Mace. The day fixed is the Bth of December, the distance
to be within 100 miles of London. Both men are over six
feet in height.

giving the list of tenders for the new
THE NEW GOVERNMENT OFFICES, DOWNING-
SU:MEL—In
Foreign-office, some explanation of the present condition of
the extensive works is necessary. Up to the present time,
the contract for the foundations and concrete of the Foreign-
' office has alone been completed. The cost of this portion
of the work has been X 16,117. The present tender, accepted,
embraces the whole of the superstructure of the Fordgn-
inhelVdicbtoria-street has
office, and amounts to a little over £.195,000.y
the
ee
Govern_
went the India-office on the western portion of the ground, or
next the park, are advancing with considerable rapidity.
inThenteoxfptirhaetitoonm, pinoralBry66lonfditah-eofilleacese
rendered it necessary to proceed with the new works with
all possible vigour. The contract, therefore, has been let
in sections to Messro, Smith and Taylor, in order to avoid
the delay that would otherwise occur while the quantities
were being prepared.—Builder.
Choral Saoietiea are greatly on the increase in
R 1.1661,