The Sun.
London, England, 1863-11-21 00:00:00

METROPOLITAN
-
METROPOLITAN BOARD OF WORKS.

a total
----
ethewThembilatnwkemekenaht oofwB
The usual meeting of this board was held yesterday at
The president, J. Thwaites,
the offices Spring-gardens'
Esq., took 'the chair at 12 o'clock.
FINANCE.
The
general balance of X 168,378 Os. ld.
THE NOUTEEEN THAMES EMBANKNEXT,
ND.. MILLER, Mr., called the board's attention to the
terms o the north-
ern side of the Thames, from Waterloo-bridge to the Temple.
A. copy had been sent to him, and it appeared
to be too
stringent.
The PRESIDENT said that a copy had also been sent to
him.
A discussion ensued, in which several
consi-
dered that the terms were oppressiveand members
con-
tractors from tendering. Ultimately' would deter fess:es:tee:Gael: iioirn f to:
ten-
ders was postponed to the 17th the reception of
time the insertion of an arbitrationFoximo, and in the mean-
clause was to be con-
sidered.

THE SEWAGE OP THE METROPOLIS.
The PRESIDENT said that he thought it would be desir-
able to have a special meeting to consider the numerous
applications which he had received with reference to the
disposal of the sewage of the metropolis. A meeting of a
committee of the whole Board was fixed for Wedaesdab
the 25th inst., for that purpose.

ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL.
The Committee brought up the agreement for the sale of
property at Stangate to the Governors of St. Thom
Hospital for approval, which was adopted.
The board then adjourned.

NEW LIFE OF NAPOLEON THE GREAT..--,Befin 8
the end of this month, Firmin Didots and Co. promise f to
issue the 37th volume of the "Biographie Universelle,, "
containing " Napol6on.' The great bulk of this part bA 5
mod the publishers the price of this one Taw Net

ATESSRS. JAY and CO. have now on show
-LTA_ the most unique and perfect assortment of
BONNETS,
which their Manager has selected in Paris, and brought
back with her to this Establishment.
247, 249, 251, Regent-street.

BONNET'S SILKS a LYON.—Every Article of
commerce takes its title either from the inventor or
manufacturer, and the more perfect the production the
grater is the credit which attaches to the originator.
BONNET'S SILKS are said to be incapable of identifica-
tion in England ; but the fallacy of such an assertion is ex-
posed by the very trade mark of the firm, as exhibited by
Messrs. JAY, of Regent-street.
The following interwoven mark may be seen at the end
of each piece :--" Manufacture de C. J. Bonnet et Cie., a Lyon
et a Injurieux." Wear guaranteed.

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA,
COVENT-GARDEN.
Under the Management of Miss Louisa Pyne and
Mr. W. Harrison.
TIT'S EVENING, for the first time, Balfe's new Opera,
BLANCHe DE NEVERS : Miss Louisa ryne, Miss Anna
Hiles, Miss Emma Heywood; Messrs. W. H. NVeiss, Corri,
A. Cook, A. :.t. Albyn, C. Lyall, J. Rouse, and W. Harrison.
Conductor, Mr. A. Mellon.
Doors open at half-past Six— :ommence at Seven.

!THEATRE ROYAL DRURY- LANE.
Managers, Messrs. K Falconer and F. B. Chatterton.
THIS EVENING, her Majesty's Servants will perform a
New and Original Farce, by Messrs. Wm Brough and A.
Halliday, entitled MY HEART'S IN THE HIGHLANDS:
characters by Mr. J. Neville, Mr. G. Weston, Mr. Warde,
Mr. J. Marris ; Mrs. C. Melville, and Miss ilarfleur.
After which, Lord Byron's Choral Tragedy, 3.IANF RED.
Messrs. t helps, Ryder, Rayner, Meagreson, Ward, Spencer ;
Miss Eburne, Miss E. Atkinson, Miss Leclercq, and Mrs. E.
Falconer. Vocalists—Miss Poole, Miss 'titter, Miss Cicely
Nott, Miss Heywood, and Mr. Swift.
To conclude with an Original Farce, by J. Oxenfoirid,
Isq., entitled BEAUTY 011 THE BEAST. Principal a -
ra.cters by Messrs. Addison, G. F. Neville, Barret, Spencer,
and G. Weston; Mrs Edmund Falconer and MR.
bliss . Lecic erq.

HEATRE ROYAL HAY;MARKET.-
YY
Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr, Buckstone.
THIS EVENING, SILKEN FETTERS : Messrs. Chas.
Mathews, Chippendale, W. Farrell, Howe, &c. ; Mesdames
C. Mathews and M. Harris.
Followed by THE GOLDEN FLEEC' dames Mess Mathews,
rs. Charles
'Mathews, Compton ,`V &c. ; Me C.
L. Keeley. Gritfith,&c.
Followed by COOL AS A CUCUMBER. Mr. C. Mathews.
And MY HUSBAND'S GtiOST.
Commence at 7.

ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.
Under the Sole Management of Mr. Fechter.
BEL. DE NIONIO la Triumphant Success) will be repeated
-Every Evening until further notice.
THIS EVENING, the Comedietta, by W. Gilbert, entitled
'UNCL s
E BABY: Mess's. Widdicombe, J. G. Shore, Charles;
Alia Leolercq, and Carlotta Leclercq.
After which, at Eight o'clock, BEL DEMONIO, a Love
story, in Twelve Tableaux, taken from Stendhal's "Italian
Chronicle ," by Mr. John Brougham. Principal charac-
ter by Mr. Fechter, supported by Messrs. Jordan, Charles
Brougham, Emery, Raymond, Moreland, Smith, Claw,'
Collett, Andrews, Sims ; Miss Kate Terry, E. L
Lee, and Miss Elswortby. avenue, Mrs.
Doors open at half-past 6—commence at 7.

H.-EVERY A .-EVERY NIGHT,

NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPUL—
Sole prop/gator and Manvfer, It?. R. Webster.
THIS EVENING, at 7, THE TLtAGEDY QUEEN: Mrs.
ttrling.
At 8, the New Drama of LEAH: 7th weer of Miss Bate-
man, supported by Messrs. Arthur Stirling, R. Phillips, Pal-
linolon. Stuart, A Wood, Eburne, Miss a. Simms and Mrs.
itillingten.
To conclude with CATCHING AN HEIRESS : Miss
Woolgar and Mr. A. Wood.

11, °YAL STRAND THEATRE.
Manager, Mr. W. 11. Swanborough.
THIS EVENING MY SON'S A DAUGHTER. 311,5
Josephs, Air. Parselle.
After wbich, MIRIAM'S CRIME. Messrs. G. Honey,
Porsche, Belford, Turner, Miss li.Sayille, and Miss Handers.
Followed by IVANHOE. Miss Ada SwanborottE,,h.
To conclude with FAINT HEART NEVER WON FAIR
LaDY. Mr. Leigh Murray, Miss Bufton,

Cornence at 7.

VIHE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,'
Containin,, the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE
:an be had Every Evenim; of

G. R. GLP:NIE. NEWS AGENT,
No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.
Thislgliv.—Morning, 10h. 40m.—Afternoon, 11h. 14m.
l'o.moßuow.-Moraing, 11h. 45m.—Afternoon,'—h.

The Weather--Sun Office, Nov. 21, 1863.

THERMOMETER.
This day:at Two o'clock

Barometer-29.77.'
Wind—South ; light, and fine.

*lll

LONDON, SATURDAY, NOV. 21, 1863.

Elsewhere in our impression of this evening will
be found given in its entirety the whole of the
nineteenth chapter of Mr. WARREN'S Introduction
to Law Studies. We have thus transferred to our
columns the whole of this impressive and remark-
able argument in regard to Military Justice, because
it appears to us, in every syllable of it, especially
(sip/y-1)os at the present moment, while the proceed-
ings are actually going forward from day to day
in connexion with the Court Martial upon Colonel
CRAWLEY, of the Inniskilling Dragoons, down at
Aldershot. The learned Recorder of Hull,
who is the author of this comprehensive
handbook to the whole complicated machinery
of English jurisprudence, to the leading prin-
ciples of the profound science upon which it is
founded, and to all the winding intricacies of the
general scheme of its organisation, has in himself, in
the bent of his studies, in the range of his proles-
sional llactice and experience, peculiar qualifica-
tions
enabling him to speak with authority upon
what
is, in truth, an exquisitely delicate branch of
the ad
tion of minia
the
nineteenth
of the law. As the closing por-
to Law Studies" eteenth chapter of the " Introduction
call to the here referred to will serve to re-
cumstance rera„zitself laece of those by whom the cir-
:a
day have been either for-
gotten or overlook
for the emendation of";ha well considered project
alaws relating to the sys-
tem alike of military
already been submitted
bynaval Courts Martial had
consideration of Parliara, Mr. WARREN to the
t
course of being prepared by hire was actually in
as the
the outline of a
b
Was
substantial enactment, When his b
career as M.P. for Midhurst energetic
but
ruptly closed
ot
by the incident of his prcfessioe:
Otherwise, very probably, the Colonel i advancement.
h Innis-
killing
e
killing Dragoons now undergoing his
is
peers, according to the old tedious bungling
system
thei
of Courts Martial, would have been arraigned before
a tribunal not a jot more honourable of coursethen
the
one before which he is at this present writing for,
mally placed, but at any rate before one more likely, I
by the very scheme of its arrangement, to have faci-
litated the administration of justice, and to have
guarded effectually against the perpetual recurrence
of anomalies, such as, under the existing system of
organisation, may be pronounced nothing less than
inevitable. Under any circumstances,
we cannot
for one instant imagine that a trial so remarkable
of its kind as this one in regard to Col. CRAWLEY
of the Inniskillings—no matter what the judgment
pronounced at the close of it may eventually turn out
to be—can by any possibility fail to lead the way
to some few at least among the numerous reforms
s
long. recognised as requisite in regard to the
elvor_verltig of our system of Courts Martial. What-
ever°
the consequences
coLsequences of the present Court Martial
in reference to the officer now undergoing
the bitterness of a very lengthened and very public
it—t,i
trial before
at general good at least may be
confidently looked forward to as certain, or at any
rate as all but certain, sooner or later, to result
from it. It is, therefore
:ralf th an especial significance
that we are now desir
directing thus pointedly
the attention of the go
im-
pressive argument anywhere publicdiscoverable,to we
believe, among all the writings of our lawg .
reformers,
in favour of a thorough and
searching
administra-
tion of
that portion of th© law relating to the
justice through the medium alike of a-
lion ofNaval
and of Military Courts Martial. And it is peculiarly
worthy of remark, in regard to the argument
thus
put forth by Mr. WARREN, in this vitally important
chapter of his I, Introduction to Law Studies,',

that it is one which, though brief in its ex-
tent, is wonderfully suggestive of beneficial
changes, more particularly in the latter portion
of it. The learned author does not, it will be Been,
in any way content himself with indulging in mere
vague generalities, no matter how eloquently or
emphatically expressed. He enumerates, catego-
rically and with the utmost precision, the principal
points in regard to which the existing system of
Courts Martial most urgently requires modification.
Interrupted, himself, in a noble and generous
endeavour to carry out this important section
of our law reforms, the ex-member for Midhurst
has at any rate pointed the way out with manly
distinctness to any one who may choose to follow.in
hie footsteps, and, not only that, but to any one who
may choose, also, to advance boldly and energeti-
cally beyond the point at which, through the force
of circumstances, those footsteps of Mr. WARREN,
as a law reformer, abruptly terminated.

A the varying aspects of the Lancashire
distress, not the least serious and important which
it assumed in the eyes of our statesmen and philan-
thropists was its effect upon the public health.
Long continued privation has, we know, a disastrous
action upon the human frame, and when to this is
added depression of mind, inaction, and anxiety, the
combination is enough to try the stoutest and
healthiest frame. It was no secret, too, that our
Lancashire mill hands did not by any means belong
to the class of the strongest. The incessant factory
work for many generations had dwarfed their
growth and enfeebled their limbs, while the lack of
exercise was ill supplied, even by the good living
and plentiful wages they were able easily to earn.
The towns and districts where they lived were not,
as we know from recent reports, properly or effi-
ciently drained or paved. They were ill built, too,
in many quarters where the workpeople were con-
tent to huddle, so as to be near their place of
employment. When such a people were suddenly
reduced from ease and prosperity to low diet and
scanty clothing, their very subsistence dependent
on charity, gloom all around and before, their little
savings spent, their household goods gone, and
idleness and want cowering like two grim spectres
by their hearths, almost the first question that rose
to the mind of the reflective observer was naturally
what would become of these vast numbers should
scarcity be followed by its dire companion—pesti-
lence? Thanks, firstly, to PROVIDENCE, and,
humanly speaking, to the extreme mildness of last
winter, and the continuous liberality of all classes
towards the distressed districts, that great calamity
has hitherto been averted, and what is a fur-
ther cause of gratitude and rejoicing, the hard
times have as yet produced no perceptible difference
upon the general health. "The history of the
distress," says the Registrar-General in one of his
reports, " is not written in the death registers of
the year that is closed" (1862). On another occa-
sion the same high authority states that " It will
be gratefully admitted that the legal provision for
the distress and the spontaneous liberality of their
countrymen have hitherto sufficed to maintain the
people in health.' This was written in April,

863, when the winter was fairly over, and the
passage is quoted with considerable satisfaction by
the Central Executive Committee in their last re-
port to the General Committee. The same docu-
ment tells us that the Central Committee, feeling
the ground that there was for uneasiness respecting
the general health, have carefully watched for any
indications of impaired vigour and vitality in the
people, and have closely examined the returns of the
Registrar-General and those of the Local Sanitary
Associations. \Ve have cited some of the passages
in which the subject has been mentioned by the
former, while the testimony of Mr. PURDY, of the
Statistical Department of the Poor Law Board,
comprises those statements. The latest report of
the Registrar-General, in commenting on the in-
creased mortality throughout England, states that
the two primary causes are scarlatina and diarrhcel,
but adds that they are widely diffused over the
country, and that" Lancashire did not suffer more
than most parts, and less than some." Moreover, in
these returns the suffering county is able to bear a
favourable comparison with Yorkshire, and the
united evidence of the medical officers of the
unions throughout the cotton districts is entirely
in accordance with this gratifying intelligence. In
Ashton-under-Lyne alone, in which the dis-
tress has been exceptionally great and pro-
longed, do the medical officers report a tone of
health so low as to retard convalescence in
cases of illness. The satisfaction with which this
intelligence is road will be universal, and not the
least sensible of it will be the members of that
committee, whose indefatigable labours have so
greatly contributed to the mitigation of the distress.
With the usual practical sense and prudence which
distinguish their proceedings, however, the com-
mittee are not disposed to relax their precautions
on account of the danger having been so far safely
averted. They caution the various committees of
the relief districts, where want of employment and
consequent distress are still general, that it will be
necessary to be prepared for a winter of greater
severity. Fuel and clothing are, of course, the two
great necessities, and it will be requisite that these
shall be freely supplied to every family which has
been long dependent on relief. Further steps are
also considered desirable with a view to the remote
consequences of so long a period of depression, and
the committee therefore recommend various sanitary
precautions to the local authorities; the observance
of which will, we may hope, be further encouraged
by the public works now actively in preparation.
Meanwhile the statistics of labour aro altogether
encouraging, although the report wisely cautions
the committee against reckoning too securely on the
continuance of the present amount of employment,
and warns it to prepare for increased demands
u its resources during the inclement months of
the coeee
the
re7oirtg winter. "Every month of 1863," says
" has been marked by the increase of
di
ernl3len°Yracrit
Theres gee.„
statistics, and wages, and the diminution of in-
eseare now, according to the latest
own resources,
au neore persons dependent on their
120,000 more in full work, than in
January of this year
Starting in the winter months
under such hopeful
authan £375,000 in ha:1738) with a balance of more
deetly held out of an
I help, besides the hopes 'ecres large promises of
increased.supply of cotton nest
Sear, we may, in-
deed, trust, under GOD, that
But Mere is something yet forthy
seem Clothing
Cod°ran.eietdtle'ehehopeus etverst is passed.
re-
ports have already told us that the
to be able to raise wh,arthfout:nlslythielyeltipistnayhey
within i
their own districts.
tleimisturensasceiusstoraed task
ftohrosteuounateonf
ermeapcihoyoefdtihne
outdoor labour. If the winter be severe, as is fel::
told, the change will indeed be great, from the hot
and crowded mill rooms, while spare diet and long
depression are by no means the best agents for
"keeping out the cold." This is all that the Com-
mittee ask, and surely they will not ask in vain ;
but we would go a step further. These workmen
have families—so have others unfit or unneeded for
their tasks. The cold blasts of winter will pierce
through their scantily furnished rooms, where fire
is a thing of luxury to be sparingly and carefully
used. Cannot the thousands who provide them-
selves at this season with warm and comfortabl

clothing spar© some of their last winter's garments
for these. The fashion of our day forbids a lady to
be seen in scanty or shabby attire. Nevertheless,
as quaint, old JEREMY TAYLOR justly remarks, one
man may be made richly fine and warm by what
another is ashamed to walk in. On this principle,
with little cost or care, the bare limbs of the Lan-
cashire little ones may be warmly and safely clad,
and the Lancashire mothers who, as the statistical
reports, as well as all human nature have told us,
are the greatest sufferers, may escape the distress of
cold being added to want and care.

Mr. CAVE, M.P. for Shoreham, has made a very
amusing speech at Bristol, and contrived to elicit
mirth and point a moral from some striking cir-
cumstances that have occurred in the policy of his
political opponents. It must be confessed that the
Liberal cause does not escape scatheless from the
hon, member for Shoreham. At all events the Con-
servatives may claim the credit of having the best
of the argument, when consistency in conduct or
fixedness of purpose is discussed in assemblies. The
shuffling policy and scrambling for power which
have of late years so characterised the chiefs of the
Liberals, and been referred to by them in exulta-
tion after wards as proofs of their popularity and
trophies of their success, has in reality undermined
their influence most considerably. It is a question
if it be not more dignified to remain in retirement
than to court publicity after this fashion. At all
events, it has been the lot of the present adminis-
tration pretty frequently to fall under the
censure of some critical adversaries, and to be
subjected to the sarcasm of one or more ruth-
less observers. In the instance referred to we meet
with a most entertaining summary of the clap-trap
and double-dealing which rules most frequently
the game of expediency which is being played out
in high quarters. Mr. CAVE denounced with just
indignation the tricks of policy which obtained
among his opponents in 1859. He asked with
scorn where was the measure of reform which was
declared to be so much needed, and so incomparably
superior to that of Lord DERBY. The present Go-
vernment assumed power for two reasons—to
amend the state of the representation and to adopt
a better policy in the direction of foreign affairs.
How have they fulfilled their self-imposed duties,
may well be asked, and considering the vehement
denunciation of their adversaries, and the loud self-
gratulation that accompanied their advent to power,
the inquiry ought to be strictly instituted, and the
verdict an impartial one. Considering the present
prospect of affairs it can hardly be expected that
any but the most devoted adherent or exclusive
partisan will cite their foreign policy as a triumph-
ant refutation of the charges of inefficiency and
groundless boasting that have been brought against
the last coalition Ministry. As Mr. CAVE truly
remarked, " Have we not heard of a certain Secre-
tary of State who passes the week in writing little
homilies to Sardinia, to Denmark, to Russia, and
other Powers, and has he not been met each time
with something like a slap in the face for imperti-
nent meddling." Nothing. can be too severe to ex-
press in adequate terms the folly and mischief of
the missive which the Foreign Secretary forwarded
in relation to Schleswig-Holstein. In a great mea-
sure he is to blame for much of the evil that has
already occurred, and also far the still greater con-
fusion that will most probably ensue henceforth in
regard to this vexed question. Then with respect
to America, how apt is the definition of Mr. CAVE
that "infirmity of
purpose" makes it appear as if
we were afraid of the Federals. Certainly with one
thing and another, England is fast losing the proud
position that she once held of being in a great mea-
sure the arbiter of the destinies, and the referee in
the vital questions that refer to the Government of
other States. Who can deny the correctness of Mr.
CAVE'S assertion that at any period of political
anxiety, or any season of particular excite-
ment and interest in public affairs, every one
asks " What line the French EMPEROR will
take ?" This is scarcely the correct thing
to take place, and it must be confessed
that with all the criticism and the hard sayings
that abound in that direction the Emperor NAPO-
LEON has succeeded in gaining a prestige for his
foreign policy that our Cabinet miserably failed to
obtain. Whatever be his errors, he has something
bald to do or to say, while we seem content with
vague despatches; and what energy survives un-
crushed from the influence of the peace-at-any-
price party in the Cabinet is expended in the seizure
and prosecution of the property of English subjects
who offend powerful and honoured allies. Still
more cutting were Mr. CAVE'S home-thrusts at the
renegade home policy of Government which has
disgusted the great Liberal party whose cause they
avow they adopt, and whose interests they declare
that they serve. Hs mentioned two remarkable
instances of would-be reformers at home and abroad
who were caught in the toils of the official dodgers,
and now abjured their former zealous notions. One
was the Junior Lord of the Admiralty, who was
foremost in denouncing the insufficiency of Minis-
terial measures until he was induced to join the
ranks of those whose errors he saw so plainly at a
distance. The other example was a more notable
one. Night after night he vehemently denounced
the palicy
of Ministers in their supineness regard-
ing the annexation of Savoy. There was eloquence
in his language and soundness in his views; but
after a short time a change came over the spirit of
his dream. To use the descriptive language of the
hon. member for Shoreham, "a string is pulled
somewhere, the impassioned orator sinks through
a political trap-door, and rises Chief Secretary for
Ireland." There is sober truth as well as
amusing simile in these entertaining sketches,
and perhaps they cogtain the secret of the great
decadence that has taken place of late in what is
called by courtesy the Liberal party. The reason
why these mixed up Governments, composed of in-
congruous elements, obtain so firm a hold among a
party that professes to discard them is because both
sides look to selfish ends first, and then attempt to
serve their cause and their country afterwards.
Members consider the Ministers as the dispensers
of patronage, and not as the trustees of the nation's
honour, the guardians of the people's rights, and the
adjustors of the liberties of a mighty empire. So
long as the most violent and vehement reformers
will, like Mr. BRIGHT, become mute because parties
change sides in the House, not because measures
are meted out to the country, it is quite idle for the
wise and the learned to discuss the dangers of a
Conservative Administratior, , and the fearful fate
that would then await the country. Suppose the
. _
Cabinet of Lord DERBY had remained in power,
they could hardly have done less than nothing,
which is all that the most devoted adherent to
the present Government can claim as their per-
forraances. Mr. CAVE can eluded by a lively
anecdote regarding the ballot, which was more
smart
than logical, and, altogether, the hon. mem-
ber may be congratulated on having delivered
°lle of
the moat brilliant addressee that have been
made during the
ee recess.
The force of his satire
consisted in its ra
in his
animated zmblanee, and there was much
discourse to afford food for the
philosopher to diec
who notes the eventss while the sober observeray, might well,
fthe d
wonder where romance
in the series of life ended,sket and reality began
the portraits of
sketches
political notabilities put bcford
e hire in so brilliant
a style and dashing a manner. -