The Sun.
London, England, 1839-11-20 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, 117.,6DNESDAY, NOVEMBER 20. 1839.

at random, and of them 87 were found to be double
and 35 triple letters. Of these double and triple
letters 86, or four per cent. of the whole, weighed
less than half an ounce, and 36, or less than two
per cent., weighed between half an ounce and an
ounce. On four per cent. of the letters, therefore,
we►ghing less than half an ounce, the suffering in-
habitants of the towns, whose hard fate almost
drew tears of blood from the Times, will be re-
lieved from double postage, and on something less
than two per cent. of their letters they will have to
pay a double instead of a triple postage. When
their disadvantages, on the whole, are represented
by two per cent., and their advantages by six per
cent., exclusive of the many advantages they enjoy
in common with all the community on all letters
they send beyond a fourpenny district, it is not
surprising that they left their woes to be found out
by the Times.

We are glad to have the power of stating these
facts, because the bold manner in which the Times
makes one-sided, semi-false assertions is calculated
to gain for it more credence than it deserves. If the
circumstances it yesterday mentioned were true,
according to the letter of its descriptions, if the
Lords of the Treasury in drawing up their Minute
had not taken them into consideration, if in their
wish to introduce a general improvement they had
inflicted a grievance on those towns, we should have
been disposed to join the Times in asserting that
they were not acquainted with their business. The
reverse, however, is the case, and the inhabitants
of those towns will, we believe, derive great benefits
from the temporary improvement, as well as the
inhabitants of every part of the empire.
Some misapprehension seems to exist as to the
motive for introducing the plan of levying the post-
age by weight before the introduction of the penny
postage and the pre-payment. 'The motive is to
familiarize the gentlemen of the Post-office with
one branch of the system before they have to learn
another. Such a vast glut of letters is anticipated,
as prospectuses, &c., on first commencing the penny
postage, that great difficulty will probably occur
even with all possible precautions ; and the wise
and prudent care which is now taken to meet all
those difficulties is what, in fact, mortifies the
Tories. They would have no objection to see the
Post-office thrown into confusion, and the excel-
lent plan of a penny postage brought into disfavour
by being carried into execution in a hasty unthink-
ing manner.

According to the Tories the lower classes are the
most ungrateful set of men in existence. They
never will acknowledge the numerous advantages
which the laws and the Constitution confer on them,
but are perpetually and most unreasonably endea-
vouring to effect changes. Such restless ingrati-
tude the Tories always conclude can be only duly
punished by severe laws, to which obedience must
be enforced by the treadmill and the bayonet. Of
the wise, just, and good laws and institutions for
which the people have to be grateful, the following
case may serve as a sample :
QIIrEEN-SQUARE.—On Monday John Jennery, a
middle-aged man, was charged with having hawked a
work-box for sale, contrary to the provisions of the
50th of Geo. 111., cap. 41, sec. 23.
The complaint was laid by William Skinner, officer
of stamps.
The defendant was asked to plead " guilty" or " not
guilty ;" to which he replied that he was not aware that
he had done wrong, but he did offer a work-box for sale,
as stated in the complaint. I made the work-box with
my own hands, and was trying to sell it.
Skinner—lt was not offered for sale in a place allowed
by law.
Mr. Burrell read the clause. It sets forth that any
person, not having a license as a hawker and pedlar, might
offer goods of his own manufacture for sale in any " mart,
market, or fair, or any city, borough, town corporate,
or market town only." The offence complained of is,
that this man offered the box for sale out of the city,
borough, &c., allowed.
Skinner—Yes, in the parish of St. Luke, Chelsea.
Mr. Burrell—l find this a 101. penalty. I hope I
have the power of mitigation.
The Chief Clerk—No, Sir, you have not. It is im-
perative on you to convict in that sum.
Defendant—l am starving, as well as my family of
five children. I took this, the only box I had, out to
sell, and was unsuccessful. I was obliged'to•piodge ft
that night for 4s. to buy food for my children.
Mr. Burrell—What course does.the law point outl
in default of payment?
Chief Clerk—You are to commit the man to gaol,
and issue a distress warrant against his goods.
Skinner—Under the not he is to be sent to prison
until it is ascertained whether he has effects enough to
pay the penalty and costs. If after the distraint the
goods are not sufficient, he must remain in prison, to be
liberated at any time the penalty is paid.
Mr. Burrell—Have you any means of paying this
penalty of 10/. ?
Defendant—None whatever, Sir. Starvation stares
us in the face. Every thing I possess in the world is
not worth 21. What offence have I committed ? I
have tried to sell, to find a subsistence for a wife and
five starving children, the labour of my own hands.
Mr. Burrell—ls there no way by which this nian's
fine may be mitigated ?
Skinner—None, but by a petition to the Treasury.
Mr. Burrell—Say that I recommend it ; but this poor
man in the interim must go to prison, I suppose.
Defendant was locked up to undergo the term of im-
prisonment, three months, should the application to the
Treasury be unsuccessful.

This case we learn, by a report which will be
found in another part of the paper, has attracted
the notice of a benevolent individual who has taken
steps to relieve the man. We trust also that the
protninency we have given to it may induce the
Treasury not only instantly to have the man dis-
charged, but to take measures for overhauling the
statute-book and removing from it this and all
similar iniquitous regulations. To punish a man
for honestly endeavouring to gain bread for his
family by the sale of his own labour, is an
abomination. Unfortunately similar abominations
are too frequent in the statute-book, and they vex
and gall the souls of the poor far more than they ac-
are sins'every
wally injure them. Such enactments are like rings
arms and legs, which do not impede
on the :.laves'
ons, perpetually remind them that
their oserti
,very day something of the kind
theyhappens, day the disposition of the
lower classes 18 Loured and embittered, till they talk
and lose all respect for the rights of
othermen,
stupid laws and
their consequences, IQ MR(:
te an abode no longer
act
i l 0 treason,
England, by suet)
pleasant or safe to dwell in.

A letter on the causes of the riots in Wales, by
a Welshman, in another part of The Sun, traces
them to a higher source than temporary discontent.
We are afraid our Correspondent is correct, and
that in this, as in many other cases, it will be
found that those who rise up against the law are
driven to it by insult& and oppression, and in the
first instance, at least, are more sinned against than

sinning.

Some of our Contemporaries having called in
question the constitutional power of the Provincial
Legislatures of the United States separately to
contract loans at home and abroad, the Mtssrs.
BARING and BROTHERS addressed a letter, dated
the 12th ult., to the Hon. DANIEL WEBsTER,
then on a visit to this country, requesting from him
a legal opinion on the subject. The answer of the
Hon. Gentleman, dated the 16th, removes all doubt
upon the subject. He distinctly states that each
Provincial Legislature has such a power, adding,
f‘ how any doubt upon the subject could have
arisen it is difficult for me to conceive." Mr.
WEBSTER, in common with most Transatlantic
statesinen, appears to regard brevity in either speak-
ing at writing with little favour fie has, there-
fore, put it oat of our power, in the present
ccovided state of our aojprn„,, to give his letter
we cannot make room for dissertations,
entire,
a
er well mid by whomsoever written, On the
Constitutional Government of America ; but the
following extracts from it, as enibr4eing the opinions
of a EtAtesman so intimately conversant;:7,4/0 the
commercial anti
gen=eral relations of the American

people, and with their ideas regarding public cre-
dit, are deserving of the attention of the British
public. Their publication at the present time is
likely to be attended with beneficial consequences :
" It has been said that the States cannot be sued on
these bonds. But neither could the United States be
sued, nor, as I suppose, the Crown,of England, in a
like case. Nor would the power of suing, probably,
give the creditor any substantial additional security.
The solemn obligation of a Government, arising on its
own acknowledged bond, would not be enhanced by a
judgment rendered on such bond. If it either could
not, or would not, make provision for paying the bond,
it is not probable that it could, or would, make provi-
sion or satisfying the judgment.
" The States cannot rid themselves of their obligations
otherwise than by the honest payment of the debt.
They can pass no law impairing the obligation of their
own contracts—they can make nothing a tender in dis-
charge of such contracts but gold and silver. They
possess all adequate power of providing for the case by
taxes and internal means of revenue. They cannot get
round their duty, nor evade its force. Any failure to
fulfil their undertakings would be an open violation of
public faith, to be followed by the penalty of dishonour
and disgrace ; a penalty, it may be presumed, which nu
state of the American Union would be likely to incur.
" I hope I may be justified by existing circumstances
to close this letter with the expression of an opinion of a
more general nature. It is that I believe the citizens
of the United States, like all honest men, regard debts,
whether public or private, and whether existing at
home or abroad, to be of moral as well as legal obliga-
tion, and I trust I may appeal to their history, from the
moment when those States took their rank among the
nations of the earth to the present time, for proof that
this belief is well founded ; and if it were possible that
any of the States should at any time so entirely lose
her self respect and forget her duty as to violate the
faith solemnly pledged for her pecuniary engagements,
I believe there is no country upon earth—not even that.
of the injured creditors—in which such a proceeding
would meet with less countenance or indulgence than it
would receive from the great mass of the American
people. " I have the honour to be, gentlemen,
" Your obedient, servant,
" DANIEL WEBSTER."

There is very little news in the French Journals
of Monday. In the Moniteur of that date we find
the following telegraphic despatch, which has caused
the greatest joy at the Tuileries :

" MARSEILLES, NOV. 15.
" THE GENERAL COMMANDING THE BTII MILITARY

DIVISION TO THE MINISTER OF WAR.

" The Princcßoyal came out of quarantine this morning
at half-past 11. An immense concourse of people as-
sembled on his passage, and received him with acclama-
tion. His Royal Highness is to leave for Lyons on the
17th at noon."

A second despatch announces the entry of the
PRINCE ROYAL into Marseilles, amid a vast con-
course of the inhabitants, who received him with
shouts of joy.

The Moniteur likewise contains the following
authentic intelligence respecting the assassination
of the Count D'EsPAGNE, of which we yesterday
ventured to express a doubt, when quoting the
statement from the Emancipation of Toulouse.
The Moniteur of Monday says :
" It is beyond question that the Count d'Espagne
has been murdered by his escort. All the informa-
tion received from the frontier confirms that intel-
ligence. On the ith of November a dead body
was interred at Coll de Nargo. It was that of a
drowned man taken out of the Segra ; his feet and
hands were bound ; his age, corpulency, and his white
and reddish hair, indicated it to be the body of the
Count d'Esragne. Every one is afraid to mention the
circumstance, the factious having theatened to murder
whoever says a word on the subject. The Governor
of Scu d'Urgel has sent an agent to Coll de Nargo to
inquire into the truth of the fact."
The Madrid Journals received are of the llth
inst., but they add nothing to the previous accounts
from that capital.
M. Ellaury, who has just arrived at Havre, on
board the Paraguay, is not Minister Plenipotentiary
sent by Paraguay, as has been announced, but an
agent from Rivera, President of the Republic of Monte-
video ; he came on a mission to the Government, and
if we are well informed, the object of it is to negotiate
a treaty between the two Governments. It is easy to
understand how important it is to keep up a good
understanding with the Republic of Montevideo in the
present state of our relations with the Government of
Buenos Ayres.

The Notizie del Giorna of Rome of the ith, says,
" Letters from Greece, which have been received at
Rome, by way of Ancona, confirm the movement of
part of Ibrahim's army towards Malattia.—Le Com-
merce.

CONSTANTINOPLE, No►. I.—Accounts from Alex-
andria say that Mehemet Ali is disposed to make con-
cession's ; that he will agree to give up Candia, on con-
dition that the independent possession of Egypt and
vriat including Adana, is guaranteed to him by the
'l'livers." As soon, as this agreement is formally con-
cluded, he will return the Turkish fleet, with such part
of the crews as desire to return to Turkey.—Allgenzeine
Zeititng, Nov. 15.
BOURSE..--PARIS, MONDAY, Nov. 18.

First Highest Loses Last
Price Price.. Price. Price.
i rench 5 per Cents llO 95 ... 11l 15 ... 110 95 ... 1 1 15
4 per Cents lOl 45 ... 101 45 ... 101 40 ... 101 40
3 per Cents Bl 90 ... 81 95 ... 81 85 ... 81 90
Bank of trance
Latfitte Bank 5,000 f. :Ai 52 5
_5207 50 ...52"5 —52,7 50
Belgian 5 per Cents 11,214 ... 102 ••• 0F.% ... lON
Bank 755 , 755. ... 755 ... 75.,
Spanish Active
Passive 7 ... 7g ... 7 ... 7
New 1)( ferre 1
'i

Portuguese 3 per Cents 225 22,, i).2. 23
eal 3litan
Roman lol7i, ... 101 N ... 1043/s ... 101%
ItAILW •

• ArSHARB.
St. Germain
Versailles, It, B .165
,„ 465 ... 462 50 ... 465
L.B r9) ... 29J ... 290 ....9J
Havre

Orleans

445 :::445

... 1-195
441 25 441 25

DUTCH FUNDS.—ASTERDAMSI Nov. is. ...
Money. Bills.
Actual Debt, 2';;, per cent
Ditto, ditto 5 per cent.
Amon Syndic, 4V, per cent lj9. 92%
Ditto, ditto, 3 ,', per cent. '; 4i 77
Commercial Company, 4! per cent 161% 16244
Ditto (1832 and 1833) 5 per cent.
Ditto 1537, b per cent. ION 1004,
Loan 1K37, 5 per cent.
Exchange on London, One month ll 97%
Two months
—Dutch Papers, Nov. 19.
AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—Vntstra, Nov. U.
Five per Cents. Mctalliques
Feta per Cents.
Three por Cents.
Bank Shares 1657
—Atipetneine Zeitung, Nov, 14

MR. LESLIE'S PICTURE OF HER MAJESTY TAKING
THE SACRAMENT ON THE CEREMONY OF HER CORO-
NATION.—This picture, which Mr. Moon has obtained
her Majesty's permission to show his friends before it is
engraved, and which we yesterday saw in Threadneedle-
street, represents a complete episode in the great
ceremony of the Coronation. Her Majesty, kneeling
before the Archbishop of Canterbury, is receiving the
sacrament, after having taken those oaths which are im•
posed on every Sovereign. Every other part of the
ceremony is excluded. Besides her Majesty, her per-
sonal attendants, the Archbishop, the members of her
family, and the Great Officers of State, with a small
portion only of the magnificent Abbey, form a complete
picture. All the illustrious and noble persons who ap-
pear on the canvass have sat for their portraits, and
of many of them the likeness is perfect. The portrait of
her Majesty kneeling, humbled, and submissive, is the
sweetest and most maiden-like we have yet seen. Dr.
Howley, in his purple robes, is also an excellent like-
ness. The Duke of Wellington, Lord Melbourne, the
Duke of Sussex, and the Duke of Cambridge, are
known at a glance. The Duchess of Sutherland,
as brilliant on the canvass as in life, occupies a promi-
nent place near her Majesty ; and behind the Duchess
is a groupe of Court ladies. The picture is very skil-
fully painted, and forms a beautiful addition to her Ma-
jesty's private gallery. As a work of art, it seems
perfect. Mr. Cousins is about to engrave it for Mr.
Moon, and the artist's skill will be a guarantee for the
perfection of the work. We believe it will b?, one of
the largest engravings ever executed in this country,
and the undertaking is creditable both to the artist and
Mr. Moon. It forms one in a series of historical works
which both commemorate important events, and hand
down to posterity the portraits of the distinguished ac-
tors in them.
with a suit-
Colonel Churchill, the Radical Candidate for Lincoln,
a
thieonLiobfertableSpocatiertioytiocf
atinladt
dciistyin,taes.
chasedelection,
and
wpresentedrough splendid
a mar
silver
hinscription, aolsafes ei
s generaluraiaut curiously
at
Y dormers.
pot being willing to divide the
The Gallant Colone,
under any circumstances rested indopendence,of that usefulcohmopdr?mofislei
his
is
own
geactdvlo9eate triennial Parlia-
mentspLoilbi
teircaanot
ptrteiornecbsi
be dissolved
detsii
so,
srowldhvii
cis
cpdhei
be-
fore the expiration of three years from the period of
their first assembling, Exclusion of the Bishops from
the Upper House, National Education on a Liberal and
comprehensive basis, Abolition of the Hereditary Le-
gislative Peerage, of the Corn Laws, and the Law of
Primogeniture, Vote by Ballot, and Universal Suffrage,
will not again contest the City of Lincoln, and with-
draws for the present from the field of active politics.
• •

CIiANCERvCOURT-(TRIS DAY.)

The LORD CIIANOI,LQ4 g4Vg judgwent to-day jr
maned before
this case, which was his Lordship nearly
twelve months ago. The only question in the case
was whether the eldest or youngest son of a testator
named Trash took his copyhold land according to the
custom of the manor 14 Pilot* they were situated. His
Lordship was clearly of Opiiii9P that tike youngest eon
was entitled.

ROLLS' COURT.- (THIS DA t.)

PiIESTON V. AIEUX.-.JUDGMENT.
The hill in this case was filed by Mr. Preston, the
Vicar of Cheshunt, for the purpose of recovering cer-
tain tithes from the defendants as occupiers of land in
that parish. The plaintiff was inducted to the vicarage
in 1820, and claimed to be entitled to tithes in all lands
other than the tithes of corn, hay, and wool. The de-
fendants denied the plaintiff's right, alleging that he had
established no general right to vicarial tithes throughout
the parish ; that no compensation for tithes had ever
been rendered ; and that under the different circum-
stances affecting their respective lands they ought to be
considered as tithe-free, and deemed excepted out of
the Vicar's endowment.

His LORDSHIP was of opinion that the Vicar had made
out a general title to ail tithes throughout the parish
other than those of corn, hay, and wool, and that the
defence, so far as it depends on a general denial of
title, fails.