The Sun.
London, England, 1863-11-11 00:00:00

THh so N. LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER, 11, 1563.

T
etvit uu

an impulse of vanity, but [here, at any rate, is plain
speaking again l] because lam a sovereign the most
credited with ambitious projects, and I have it at
heart to prove by a frank and loyal step that my
ole object is to arrive without a shock at the paci-
fication of Europe." The last paragraph of the
telegram containing the text of the EMPEROR'S
letter offers to the acceptance of the Sovereigns,
the French capital as the place of rendezvous.
And the EMPEROR does this, it must be allowed,
with incomparable cleverness. Having remarked
with a gracions air of courtesy, " If this proposition
be accepted, I pray you to accept Paris as the place
of meeting," NAPOLEON adds, by
way of explaining
his reason for naming Paris as the place of ren-
devous, "Europe would perhapsthe
eg si somensaelefor overatdhvraonw-
tage in the capital, whence h
has so many times issued, becoming the seat of
conferences destined to lay the basis of a general
pacification." While the telegraphic wires have
been thrilling under the waters of the Channel
these words of weightiest import, the Cabinet Coun-
cil has been sitting to decide as to the answer which
shall be returned to the French EMPEROR in the
name of the Sovereign of ENGLAND. And the
decision to be arrived at by the deliberations of the
Cabinet is one indeed of a most momentous
character, one fraught with most solemn responsi-
bilities. Waiting it in eager expectation—we can-
not but count with implicit confidence upon the full
appreciation of those responsibilities by the patriotic
statesmen to whose care has been confided, in the
interests of the English Crown and of the English
people, the opening or the shutting of the gates of
the Temple of lANUS.

The services rendered by geographical discoverers
are too often accomplished at no small cost. We
are very ready to think that the glory of discovery,
the triumph of euccess, the reputation which a for-
tunate explorer acquires among his fellows, are

ample compensation for the toils, the hardships, and
the dangers of the task. There is no doubt that as
it is an enterprise undertaken almost more than any
other in obedience to a strong natural bent, so the
searcher is willing and ready to pass over a great
deal that les. eager travellers might angrily resent,
or at least complain of very seriously. Still there
are wants to be felt and perils to be encountered,
which, however bravely borne, must occasion suffer-
ing and distress, which we who reap the benefit of
the knowledge thus hardly acquired should not
lightly estimate. The direction in which the atten-
tion of our geographers is now chiefly turned is
one replete with difficulty and danger; but although
we have to lament the untimely demise of many
valuable followers of science, yet the advantages of
carrying the blessings of civilisation into the heart
of a vast continent and the nations now sunk in the
depths of barbarism are great enough to soften the
inevitable regret and to sustain the energies of the
survivors. It is now some years since Dr. LIVING-
STONE, in his double capacity of discoverer and
missionary, drew public attention to the vast
capacities of the interior of the southern part of the
country. Since then Captains BURTON and SPEKE,
Consul PETHERICK, and others, have been largely
extending ♦heir researches, bringing the most hope-
ful accounts of the possible future of the land, if
but dark and doubtful representations of the now
existing inhabitants. AI. Du CITAILLU, of gorilla
celebrity, has assisted to popularise the subject,
until Central and Southern Africa, thanks to one
and another, are no longer words of mysterious and
unknown import. The value of these researches
will be more apparent in a few years' time than at
present, since we may reasonably hope that the
cultivation of the cotton plant will work a rapid
change in the fortunes and habits of the natives.
The demand for labour, the peaceable and profitable

employment, will be mighty agencies in the work
of reform and civilisation. That some refining in-
fluences are sadly needed among the African abo-
rigines has been abundantly proved by the revela-
tions of those hardy and adventurous travellers who
have penetrated beyond the accustomed limits. In
the very interesting address delivered by Sir R.
MURCHISON to the members of the lUyal G3ogra-
phical Society, the savage and inhospitable nature
of these central tribes was spoken of. The Baron
VON DECKEN, a Hanoverian nobleman, who has
displayed the most liberal and intelligent interest
in the cause of geographical discovery, encountered
very serious obstacles in his efforts to pursue his
course. This nobleman, who has fitted out a whole
scientific expedition at his own cost, has recently
explored the highest mountain yet known to us in
Eastern Africa. This mountain had been pre-
viously declared by a German missionary to be
capped with snow, but his assertion was received
by many persons, among whoa the President,
with the simplicity of real knowledge, modestly

included himself. It seems, however, that the
missionary was quite correct in his statement,
which Baron VON DECKEN has verified by two
ascents, one reaching to an altitude of 14,000 feet
above the level of the sea. This enterprising tra-
veller further ascertained by trigonometrical mea-
surement that the summit of the mountain was over
20,000 feet in height, and that its snow line de_
scended below 16,000 feet—thus, in the words of
Sir RODERICK MURCHISON, " satisfactorily esta-
blishing a grand and new phenomena in the physi-
cal geography of Africa." The Baron, like other
enthusiastic followers of science, is willing to incur
real danger in pursuit of his object, and endea-
voured, though vainly, to reach the spot where
ROSCIIER had been murdered, with the hope of
obtaining the papers of that intrepid traveller. He
was unfortunately obliged to relinquish this design
from the hostility of the Arab traders and the de-
sertion of hi: porters. This latter misfortune is one
to which all African exp!orers are liable, and every
reader of their narratives must remember how often
their Porters threaten to proceed no further, and
how
sometimes they fulfil the threat to the great
loss,
inconvenience, and danger of their ere-
er. ploy • Although forced to abandon his first
project, ho
' valuable frwoit fever, the Baron's journey yet bore
he brought . or the specimens of the rock which
Nv'th him ,
how the mighty peak to have
been raised by, .voi
propose already'
with the inforrcittilic act :on ; and not content
DEcKEN now acquired, Baron VON
aro, the mountain
° explore Kenia, the rival
of Kilimanjaro,
already ascended.
Kenia, which has not Itilin
placed on
threaehed by any geo-
e lime
o.rapher, has been
0 of the equator
200 mile 3 north of Kilimanjaro, The Baron has
now come to Engl Ind to equip
for this second
andex-
it is ;;ratifying to find
podition, that so enter-
liberal' a traveller is to .
ve prising and rece,...,
every
assistance from our authoriti es. It is to be hoped
that his new undert lking will'. not be saddened by
, es his last, which
so painful an advent, , are unfortu_
' of the untimely death
nately was the oceas Lonof a
gifted younc, geologist, Mr. I tICHARD TflorNT,,,
w ho lost his life, on the ianabo.i. The Baron him..
self had to encounter groat perils; in one spot only
pacifying a hostile eh ief by consenting to drink
blood with him. This iremiods one of the incident
in the reign of Tern sr, w:ien -Mademoiselle de
SOMBREINT was forced -to quaff the same deadly
draught to the toast of 4g el has les aristocrats I' The
naturalist will learn sot ne new ,and curious facts
from the Baron's accoun • ..1. of his travels—among
them the existence of an fusect so venomous as
andtoasses in a day or Iwo. In corn-
destroy goats
raenaoration of the ' services ,illich he has rendered

to the cause of science, the Hanoverian explorer was
on Monday ranked among the honorary members
of the Royal Geographical Society. Such incidents
prove the advantages of such a society which is
able promptly to acknowledge the public debt and
to pay homage to enterprise and intelligence when
exerted fur great ends of lasting benefit to the
community.

As was anticipated, the KING opened the Prussian
Chambers in person. This was so far satisfactory,
as it evinces a determination on his part to come
more prominently forward than he has recently
done. Nothing can be more deleterious than for
the SOVEREIGN to hold back, and keep aloof, as it
were, from all important questions, and leave the
discussion and arrangement of affairs to the
Ministers. This monopoly of power is always in-
jurious to the interests of a State, and in the case
of Prussia has proved singularly adverse to the wel-
fare of the nation. Apart from the fact of its having
been delivered in propria persona, this address of
King WILLIAM'S is anything but a promising one.
It holds out no hopes of anything approaching to a
readjustment of the difficulties which last year pre-
sented themselves so constantly at the debates in
the Chamber. Instead of a conciliatory tone being
adopted, it would appear that the Royal Address
intimates a determination to continue the same
course, and to pursue the same line of policy as that
which has aroused the indignant remonstrances of
the great body of the people, and called forth the
sympathetic sorrow of the nations of Europe. It
seems in some way a mockery for such a message
to commence by expressing a wish that the diffe-
rences between the Government and the Chamber
may terminate. It is of no avail to utter these pla-
titudes when all experience testifies to the contrary.
How can differences cease when the cause of disa-
greement remains unchanged, and there seems no
desire to alter any of the vexatious proposals that
have so irritated and annoyed the deputies, and also
the people in general. In the first place, some
most extraordinary measure is proposed in re-
ference to the Budget. Taking for granted
that this will not be settled, there is to be some
sort of indemnity provided for the Government,
which will most likely cancel the effect of anything
advised by the Chamber. At all events these words
seem pretty significant in their way, " that without
endangering the most important interests, the
KING can only assent to such a budget as shall
ensure the maintenance of the new organisation of
the army." It is a novel mode of carrying out the
tenets of a free constitution, and a strange manner
of addressing an independent assembly, to base all
arguments on the premises that the KING has settled
beforehand what is and what is not to become law,
or to point a course of action from which there shall
be no departure. It would be more in unison with
the dictates of common sense if all attempt as a re-
presentative assembly was abandoned, and a regular
form of arbitrary Government was substituted. The
people of Prussia will not allow themselves to be
hoodwinked into the belief that time had worked
wonders for them, and that the wise and beneficent
,rule of this Sovereign has created peace and pro-
sperity for the land. How can the prevailing sen-
timent be other than that of disappointment, when
such a failure is exhibited to the world as this
attempt to solve an irritating point of discussion
between the Ministers and the representatives of
the people. Foreign affairs do not seem to be
any better than home ones in the manner
in which they are discussed in this speech. The
allusions to Federal execution in Holstein are inost
unsatisfactory, and demonstrate a reckless persist-
ence in the harsh and arbitrary measures that have
already drawn down so much disapproval. Esti-
mates are to be laid before the Chamber, in case the
application of " extraordinary means" from Prus-
sia are rendered necessary. This looks very much
like a predetermined plan. and a concerted arrange-
ment in high quarters, and the supposition is put
in to give grace to the affair, and make it appear a
little more honest and honourable. The conclusion
of this address is fine in its language, but the inter-
pretation that is sought to be put on the expressions
is not a fair one. First of all, the deputies are in-
formed that "They live in an agitated time," and
also that a yet more disturbed future may await
them. This is true enough, but that is not their
fault, nor that of their predecessors either. It was
the entire doing of the Ministers that the fracas
arose, which has cost so much in reputation, pro-
sperity, and good-will in Prussia. The concluding
words of advice are most ill-timed. The deputies
are urged to come to an understanding on home
questions, the more readily because of foreign mis-
understandings. This might have come very well
from a monarch whose aim and object has hitherto
been to maintain inviolate the
principles of the
Constitution, and to uphold with might and
main the existence of those measures which
guarantee the rights and liberties of the subject.
As unhappily it is too well known that the present
ruler of Prussia has listened to the counsels and
sanctioned the decrees of those whose purpose has
been to uproot established customs, and remodel,
or rather destroy, the plans which have seemed to
secure the best advantages to the people, it is merely
a waste of time to appeal to the patriotic or chi-
valric sentiments which are wont to animate men
in moments of great national peril. There is no
common point round which divers interests may
assemble in Prussia at this moment. That vantage
ground has been abandoned by the Ministers, and
they cannot now return to it. They must play out
their difficult part without such false supports, and
stand or fall upon their own merits. It is much to
be regretted that things should have come to such
a pass, but it is almost as much to be deprecated
that a false impression should be given to affairs of
moment, and that those who have chosen to assume
a false position should deny the issue they have
provoked,and refuse their share of the responsibility.
If the Deputies aro meu of secse, spirit, and dis-
cernment, they will not brook this false position
in which they are placed; they will refute the im-
putation put upon them, and deny the aspersions
cast on their disinterestedness. It is theirs to do
their duty to the country whose welfare is at
stake, and to defend the interests of the people who
sent them to be representatives of their rights,
and, if need be, the champion of their liberties
and the vindicators of their privileges. The glory
of such a success will be all their own, and, at any
rate, no confusion that arises can be laid to their
charge, but the grave responsibility will devolve
on those who first made the attempt to change
the existing state of things, and thus provoked a
struggle whose commencement has been a source
01 great disturbance, and whose conclusion may
so alter the aspect of affairs that this generation
may not witness its ultimate effects.

The transmicoil
the FEAT.—The Emperor's speech cn
the openin
g ss
f the Session consisted of 2,044 words.
Paris telegraph from the central station in
mmen°cend by
as
1 000 n as it was ascertained that the
reading had been co::
pleted, which was at about half-past
p. The average time
cities of ocupied in the transmission to Francothe
quarter. The capitals for which
was an hour and a
oh the longest time was re-
naurzbunication were Rome,
quirel from a want of direct ec
The speech was
st, Petersburg, Athens, and
nevertheless received everywhere befenr;
the journals of the whole of Europe proauth.c:devening, and
it on the fol-
lowing morning, Oa° same as those of Paris,_.o(qiangili.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

['REUTER'S TELEGRAM.]

FRANCE.
THE EMPEROR'S LETTER TO THE
SOVEREIGNS.
PARIS, Nov. 11.

The letter of the Emperor of the French to the
Sovereigns, inviting them to a Congress at Paris,
has been published to-day.
It points out, that from the political condition of
Europe, it is impossible not to acknowledge that
nearly everywhere the treaties of Vienna have been
destroyed, modified, or misunderstood. The Em-
peror continues as follow:, :--
" We are threatened with a danger, so much the
more formidable because the improvements effected
by civilisation which has bound the peoples toge-
ther by an identity of material interests
would render a war still more destructive.
Let us not wait before taking our part
for sudden and irresistible events to disturb our
judgment and draw us, despite ourselves, into a
contrary direction.
" Called to the throne by Providence, and the
will of the French people, but trained in the school
of
adversity,
to, it is perhaps less allowable for me than
any other ignore the rights of Sovereigns and
thee
a d
legitimate aspirations of peoples. Thus I am
y without a preconceived system to enter an
ready
International Congress with the spirit of moderation
and justice, ordinarily the portion of those who
have endured so many various trials.

" If I take the initiative in this overture I do not
yield to an impulse of vanity, but becauPe I am a
sovereign the most credited with ambitious pro-
jects, and I have it at heart to prove by a frank
and loyal step that my sole object is to arrive with-
out a shock at the pacification of Europe.
"If this proposition be accepted, I pray you to
accept Paris as the place of meeting. Europe would
perhaps see some advantage in the capital, whence
the signal for overthrow has so many times
issued, beconaing the seat of conferences destined
to lay the basis of a general pacification.
BOURSE, Nov. 10.—The market has been rather
firmer, and quotations show a slight improvement,
but without any material change as to the amount
of business. Threes are now at 67f. 10c. Railway
Shares well maintained. The market closed as
follows :

4 per Cents. 9l 90
Do. end month
3 per Cents
Do. end month 67 05
Credit Mobilier 1077 50
Do, end month 10S0

Italian Loan 72 50
Do. end month 72 40
New ditto 72 30
Do. end month
Russian
Austrian

Bank Shares 3400
Credit Fancier 1265
Roman

Spanish Threes.. • 7
None Debt ..
Deferred
AYS.

BA IL

Cash.

Aermunt.

Or!eau
Northern ....
New ditto
Lyons and Islediwrranean 9.18 75 .. 050
New. ditto . 905
Geneva .. 498 75 ..
Southern 6BB 75 • • 692 50
Western
Eastern ....... 485 .. 483 75
Sardinian
Austrian
Lon bard
North of Spain ...... 536 25 .. 536 '`)
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona 327 50 332 50

97 50 .. 97.5

00 980 --

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.
ST. PETERSBURG, Nov. 11.

The Liralide Plisse publishes an article relating
to the general recruitment which is to take place i❑
the Russian provinces between the 13th Nov. and
the 31st December. The Invalide says that this
recruitment is the first since the Crimean war. The
system of drawing by lot formerly employed being
now objected to, the Government has now left the
communes the choice of four methods, based u,,)on
age, drawing by lot, selection by the authorities of
the commune, and the engagement of substitutes
paid by the communes. The standard of height
having bee❑ lowered, the Inealide hopes that this
measure will considerably augment the number of
men fit for military service.
The Norgiern Bee feels no confidence in the ad-
dresses of loyalty sent into the Gr;vernment, and the
provisional suppression of the revolt in the
Western provinces. It foresees that sooner or later
the Poles will agai❑ take up arms. To anticipate this
difficulty, the Bee recommends that the Poles should
be compelled to entrust the education of their chil-
dren to Russian teachers ; that Polish should be
forbidden in the schools ; that Russian libraries
should be increased ; that all officials of Polish
descent should be dismissed from their posts; that
parents should be compelled to bring up children
born of mixed marriages in the orthodox Greek
religion ; that the Catholic churches and convents
still existing in Podolia and Volhynia should be
gradually suppressed ; that the statues of saints
and the crosses erected at the sides of the public
roads shall be taken away, to divide the popular
element in the Ukraine and in White Russia from
Polish influence; and, lastly, that every possible
means should be employed to undermine the still
solid foundations of the Polish nationality and of
the Catholic creed i❑ the 'Western provinces.

WARSAW, Nov. 6.

The last extraordinary contribution imposed by
Gen. Berg upon the population was fixed at 300,000
roubles. With the exception of 20,000 roubles, the
whole of this tax has already been paid into the
Russian treasury. It is asserted that Gen. Berg
intends to levy mother extraordinary impost upon
the whole population, not excepting servants,
amounting also to 300,000 roubles, for the purpose
of rebuilding the Hotel de Ville.
The French paper La Patric has lately published
a series of articles attacking the Russian authorities
of this city in violent terms. They are signed
" Christian Ostrawski." It has been discovered that
the writer is the brother of Count Thaddeus Os-
trawski, a French subject living in Warsaw. The
latter, it seems, furnished his brother with the ma-
terials for the articles to which the Patric has given
the place of honour in its columns. Count Ostrawski
has consequently received orders to quit 'Warsaw.

Since the commencement of the insurrection the
Prussian military authorities have confiscated 965
fire-arms, 670 sabres, 2,055 bayonets, 720 cwt. of
powder, 3,310 cartridges, 500 cwt. of lead, 60,000
percussion caps.

The Polish women, especially at the present mo-
men,, occupy the chief place in the revolutionary
organisation. They fill various functions, above all,
contribute to inducing young men to join the bands.
Women undertake the charge of distributing the
orders of the National Government over the pro-
vinces. An interesting letter has lately transpired
written by a well-informed Polish lady, from which
it appears that the bombs thrown at General Berg
were manufactured abroad, and that four men de-
voted themselves to carry out the attack. It is said
that among the women arrested the day before yes-
terday were some 20 armed with daggers. The
mother of a quiet and inoffensive youth studying
at Warsaw University lately visited the capital
for the express purpose of persuading the lad to join
the insurgents in the field. The son obeyed. He
was mortally wounded at the first engagement with
the Russian troops, and has since died in the hos-
pital at Warsaw.
Much has been said of the little confidence to b.
placed in Poles attached to Russians fulfilling im-
p portant functions. Iv has just come to light that a

secretary of the chief of the Warsaw gendarmes,
named Trayanowski, with the secretary of the chief
of the staff, and another Pole who filled the post of
adjutant, transmitted all the intended movements of
the military authorities to the revolutionary central
committee. The guilty persons have been brought
before court-martial.

A third clandestine printing-office has been dis-
covered in Niccola-street, behind the palace of
Bruhl, formerly the residence of the Marquis
Wielopolski.

CRACOW, Nov.

The Czas publishes the following from Polish
Livonia :—" The intelligence received from all parts
of Lithuania is excellent. The insurgent corps in
Samogitia and in the districts of Lowno, Tooki,
Wilkomir, and Jeziorsk, are preparing for the win-
ter campaign. Their main efforts are directed to
procuring men, horses, and ammunition.
"The Livonian insurgents, shut in upon all sides
by the Muscovites, separated from Samagitia by a
long distance, have no assistance and no reinforce-
ments to llspect from any quarter. It is, there-
fore, more difficult for them than for others to
operate in arms, as, in the event of a reverse, they
would have nowhere to seek retreat. Far, however,
from allowing ourselves to be discouraged, we shall
fight energetically for the national cause, either in
arms or by passive resistance, and by active propa-
ganda among the rural pupulation."

MEXICO,

PARIS, Nov. 11.

Official despatches received here from Mexico
announce that General Bezaine was preparing, with
a column of the expeditionary corps, to march on
the 20th October to attack Juarez' army, which
was concentrated between Queretaro and the San
Juan river.

PRUSSIA.

BERLIN, Nov. 11.

Letters received here from St. Petersburg, of the
Bth, state that the Grand Duke Constantine and
his consort, coming from Livadia, in the south, on
their way abroad, will pass through Austria.

PORTUGAL.
SOUTHAMPTON, Tuesday Morning.

The screw steamship Tartar, Captain J. W.
White, from Lisbon on the 4th inst., and Vigo the
6th, has arrived, on her way to London. During
the voyage she has had strong easterly winds. The
Tartar brings five passengers, a few bags of mails,
£660 in specie, 10 live bullocks, 2,056 half chests of
oranges, 976 bundles of cork, 41 boxes of plums,
115 cases of eggs, and sundries.
The Tartar does not bring any political news of
importance from Portugal. The Duke of Louie, Pre-
sident of the Council, had recovered from his recent
illness, and resumed his attendances at the Depart-
ments for Foreign Affairs and Public Works.
M. Braamcamp, Minister of the Interior, had
taken charge of the portfolio of Justice during the
temporary absence of M. Gaspar Pereira da Silva.
Their Majesties and the Prince Royal of Portugal
are represented in excellent health, and had ap-
peared frequently in public driving through the
city of Lisbon.

The exchange on London was quoted on the 4th
inst. at 531 to 1 for three months. Portuguese
stock, 491 to 50 ; and Bank of Portugal shares,
550 to 552.

Application of Langiewicz to the Austrian

Government.

CRACOW, Thursday.—rhe ex-Dictator Langie-
wicz has addressed the following application to the
Austrian Government from Josephstadt, his place
of confinement :

" When the Prussian Government, by its orders
of the 17th September last, released me from obli-
gations as its subject, it recognised at the same time
by that act that, notwithstanding the convention of
the Bth of February, I have not incurred liability to
punishment, either by the Prussian code or by the
law of nations, through my participation in the
rising, and also have no right to be handed over to
Russia. The expression in the said order, ' for the
purpose of your emigration to Switzerland,' shows
that the Prussian Government believes it will in
no degree violate international engagements with
Russia by permitting my removal- to Switzer-
land. I believe, therefore, that the Austrian
Government also will not infringe international
stipulations by permitting my immediate depar-
ture to Switzerland. At the sitting of the Lower
House of the Reichsrath upon June 23 the Police
Minister said that the Austrian Government could
not issue passports to the insurgents, as it possessed
no guarantee they would not return to the scene 3f
action,' and also persons requiring protection must
submit to the conditions upon which such protection
is afforded. This declaration can no longer apply
to me, as the Prussian order of dismissal permits
my departure for Switzerland. Besides English,
French, Italian, Swiss, and Prussian subjects have
been continually released from Austria without any
security that they would not return to the scene of
action. By its consent to my journey b Switzer-
land the Prussian Government acknowledges that
a neutral and even friendly State is not bound
OS require a guarantee that an insurgent permitted
to visit Switzerland should not return to the theatre
of war. If, therefore, the Austrian Government
will not do me the favour of tdismissing me to Swit.
zerland, I shall find myself compelled by the course
adopted towards me in Austria to ask that I may
be specially delivered up to the Russian authorities.
Without discussing whether my crossing the fron-
tier upon the 19th March was in the hope of finding
an asylum, or whether my imprisonment in a for-
tress is an asylum, ani whether my repeated re-
quests for dismissal to Switzerland do not afford
proof that I seek no asylum in this country, I trust
I may be allowed to hope that the high Ministry
will be graciously pleased either to assent to my
departure for Switzerland, or to my being handed
over to the Russian authorities."

THE LIBERATOR'S LAST DAYS.—The death
of that great man was attributed to various
causes ; among others, to the effect which his imprisonment
in 1814 had upon him, mentally and physically; and also
to the influence which the disasters of his country produced
upon a man of a highly impressionable nature, and one
who so thoroughly identified himself with its fortunes.
Then there was the sudden break up which usually takes
place in men of gigantic frame and prodigious strength of
intellect and body, the moment the first symptoms of decay
aro manifested. The consciousness of his having been
worsted—even though temporarily—in his struggle with
the Government of the day, must have had a depressing
effect upon the successful leader, who had so long and so
justly boasted that he could " drive a coach and six through
any Act of Parliament;" but the deprivation of his health-
ful mountain exercise, enjoyed amidst the wild and
romantic scenery of his native Iveragh, must also
have told terribly on his health. O'Connell de-
lighted in the music of his dogs, as it echoed amid the
hills, and he loved the grand roar of the Atlantic, as its
waves broke in thunder upon the rocky headlands that girt
his home of Derrynane ; and not all the flattering addresses
which he received from every parish of Ireland, not all the
sympathy which was felt from one end of the country to
the other for the imprisoned chief, could compensate him
for those fresh breezes of the hill and the sea-shore, which
made his blood dance in his veins, and his heart feel young
again. Then came the failure of 1845, and the crushing of
1846, to say nothing of the struggles and contentions in
which the Apostle of Moral Force was continuously en-
gaged with the advocates of the Sword. With the sorrows
and the misfortunes of his country, a man like O'Connell
could not but sympathise heart and soul ; and the contem-
plation of the ruin which no effort of his could either arrest
or prevent, must have tended to bow his spirit and depress
his vital energy. The grand old tree was struck by the
lightning, and it fell with a crash to the earth, causing a
shudder through the land.-21/aptire's ‘, Life of lather
Mathew."
THE NEW NILE EXPEDITION under IVlis,ni is
about to be accomplished. The Austrian Gotvoerthne-
ment has, it appears, directed its whole
,att.ention
solution of the old mystery of the Canta which it does
not believe completely cleared up by Speke. Not only the
ammunition and arms for which Altant has asked, but a
considerable amount of money out of the coffers of the State
have been promised to the new explorer,

TEE STATE OF NAPLES.

-

The following letter is is written by the special
Correspondent of the Memorial Diplomatique at
Naples :
" For a long time I have been convinced that the
National Guard of Naples is at least three-fourths
Bourbonist, and as for the remainder, that it is,
with scarcely one exception, anti-Piedmontist.
"Every one is weary of a ruinous state of things,
which does not afford even the least prospect of
amelioration. Every one cries— Unity ! Fraternity !
And every one conspires to prevent this illusory
unity, of which the ardent adversaries are naturally
those who cry out the most loudly Unity for ever !
"The Neapolitans, whether from national indo-
lence, or from some other reason, want the power
of initiative; but let some event come to rouse them
from their torpor, you will see them all of a sudden,
as if moved by an electric shock, act with a violence
in proportion to the time they have remained inac-
tive and repressed, and now the Government, with
an inexplicable want of foresiOt, has put itself the
match to this mine, and given movement to the
masses hitherto inert.

" Yon have doubtless heard of the outbreak which
took place last month in Naples, near the Porta
Capuana, between the officers of the National Guard,
the Canzorristi—the agents of the police—and
finally some peasants, who took part in it as dilet-
tanti, and without party spirit. Many persons were
greviously wounded. Captain Diaz and Police
Inspector Santini have since died in consequence of
their wounds. A prudent Government would have
done all that was possible to lessen the importance of
such an event, and tried to make it pass for a scuffle of
thieves ;:but the consorteria, which has no satisfac-
tion greater than that of gratifying its hate against
the Bourbonists, urged the Government to make
arrests even among the officers of the National
Guard, of whom eight have been already impri-
soned. Most of the National Guards compromised
belong to the Bth Legion, and there is now to be
begun a legal inquiry, which cannot fail to make
noise enough,
" I do not suppose that this fact alone will suffice
to decide the National Guard to declare itself
against the actual Government; still it cannot fail
to provoke partial defections. The irritation,
already very lively, which it has excited, cannot
but become more envenomed ; and opposition, silent
and concealed to-day, finding itself echoed by public
opinion, will end by taking alarming proportions,
and the more so that the National Guard was the
sole support, in a moral sense I mean, which the
Government had hero. Its material support was
never much considered.

" Moreover, the misunderstanding between the
principal agents of the Government is manifest.
The Prefect Affittto complains of General La Mar-
more, whom he wished to render responsible for the
increase of brigandage, and accuses of wanting
energy. It is a reproach, which the Piedmontese,
and La Marmora in particular, scarcely deserve.
On the other hand, the General in his turn com-
plains of Afllitto ; but I believe, with rather more
reason, that the bad management of the civil autho-
rities is the true cause of the evil. The Director of
the Police profits by this discordance to make
self as independent as possible, and to act towards
the Legitimists with as much cruelty as want of
foresight.

" No one can tell what may be the denouement of
a state of affairs, which becomes from clay to day
more precarious, but every one is convinced that at
all events the statu quo cannot last any length of
time."

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE,

OXFORD, Nov. 10.

The name of George Edmund Walker, M.A., of
St. Edmund Hall, having by mistake, without any
default on his part, and contrary to his wish, been
removed from the books of his house, and conse-
quently from the register of Convocation, in a Con-
vocation to be holden on Friday, the 13th inst., at
two o'clock, it will be proposed that the name of
the above-mentioned person be restored to the
register of Convocation, and that he be allowed to
enjoy any right and privilege to which he would
otherwise have been entitled, provided he replace
his name on the books of some college or hall, and
discharge all academical dues incurred since his
name was removed.

In the Convocation to be holden on Friday next,
tha 13th inst., at two o'clock, the names of the fol-
io wing gentlemen, who have been nominated to the
office of Public Examiners for their respective
schools, will be submitted to the house :—Public
Examiners—W. F. Donkin, M.A., University, and
C. L. Dodgson, M.A., Christ Church, in Scientzis
Mathematicis etPhysics ; G. Rolleston, D.M., Pem-
broke, in Scientia Naturali ; S. Owen, M.A.,
Christ Church, in Jurisprudentia et Historic
Moderna.

The Junior Proctor will receive the names of
candidates for the first public examination, at
Christ Church, on Saturday, November 14, from 1
till 2 o'clock ; on Monday, November 16, from 1
till 3 o'clock.

The Accident to the Royal Mail Steamship

Africa.

An inquiry was opened yesterday in Liverpool
before Mr. Raffles, the stipendiary magistrate, and
Captains Harris and Baker, as nautical assessors, as
to the circumstances attending the accident which
happened to the British and North American Royal
Mail steamship Africa. The inquiry was at the
instance of the Board of Trade, which was repre-
sented by Mr. O'Dowd, solicitor to the Board. Mr.
Squorey was in attendance on the part of owners
and for Captain J. Stone ; Mr. Charles M'lvor, the
managing partner of the steamship company, was
also present. From the statement of Mr. O'Dowd,
it appeared that the ship struck on a rock off Cape
Race, between nine and ten o'clock on the evening
of the 12th of October. The ship bad been built
at Greenock in 1850, and was schooner rigged. Her
gross tonnage was 2,226 tons, and her registered
tonnage 1,216. She wag a paddle steamer, and
was worked by two engines of the combined power
of 800 horses. She had a crew of 130 hands, all
told. Mr. O'Dowd said he was not in the habit of
paying compliments, but he considered it due to the
owners of the Africa to state that there was not any
better managed company in the kingdom, nor were
any ships better found in every respect than the
vessels of this line. The Africa was commanded
by Captain James Stone, who held a certificate of
competency. She left Liverpool on the 3d of
October, with the mails, a general cargo, and 125
passengers, and nothing of importance occurred till
she struck. The first.witness called was Henry Hard-
graves, first officer, who had been in the company's
service for eight years, and held a certificate of
competency as master. At about a quarter to 10
on the night of the accident the witness noticed
something white on the starboard bow, and at that
instant one of the look-out men called out
" breakers." This was about two minutes after the
captain had left witness and gone to the saloon
deck. Immediately on hearing the announcement
of the breakers the witness ordered the engines to
be slowed. Almost immediately afterwards she
struck, but not with violence sufficient to produce
a shock. The engines were put on full speed, and
the vessel soon paid off and got into deep water. It
was found that the fore hold had a considerable
quantity of water in it. The ship got into St. John's
about 2.30 p.m. of the 13th ult. The passengers.
did not leave the ship that clay. After getting into.
St. John's the ship was examined by. divers,i and it
tehepals4setnhgebrys
for
was found that she was not materially amaged,
tll
Theill9i
eisntayi
ss w
shipe e seatv esufvoiruz forward ond
not conclude yesterday.
warded by one of the company's steamers on the
17th. The inquiry did

subject of cotton cut
i
tercet than
tivaton
hitherto. The successful experiments already made, and
COTTONT:TexEcEitftinugiCEm.--;:orhegesnliebrial
in
the powerful argument of 60 cents. per lb, having been oh-
twined in the market for some sent from Demerara, has
convinced the most sceptical and faint-hearted that it is a
paying speculation, which is more than can be said of sugar
planting at present. The committee of Correspondence of
th© Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society have an-
nounced that they have imported a supply of Sea Island
seed from the United States, which they will dispose of at
first cost. Last week four gins were landed for plantation
" Hope and Experiment," where a large cultivation of this
article is springing up. The villagers aro also taking an
interest in the matter and bringing their produce to town
hi small quantities,—Berhee Gazette.

(.170
61114 C
11111 TAT

HER MAJESTY.

WINDSOR CASTLE, Nov. 10,
The Queen, accompanied by her Royal Highness
the Princess Louise, walked and drove in the
grounds yesterday afternoon.

Her Serene Highness Prindess Hohenlohe, at-
tended by the Hon. Horatia S:opford, drove to
Hampton Court.

Daring the past week Mr. Frith has had the
honour of sittings at Windsor Castle from their
Royal Highnesses Princess Helena, Princess Louise,
Prince Leopold, Princess Beatrice, the Crown
Prince and Prince William of Prussia, for his pic-
ture of the marriage of the Prince of Wales.
Mr. Henry Weigall has had the honour of sub-
mitting his picture of the Prince and Princess of
Wales for her Majesty's inspection.
Her Royal Highness Princess Helena, attended
by Lady Caroline Barrington, the Hon. Mrs, Pon-
sonby, and Colonel H. F. Ponsonby, went to Lon-
don yesterday evening, and honohred the perform-
ance at the Olympic Theatre with her presence.
Her Royal Highness returned to the Castle soon
after twelve o'clock.

Her Serene Highness Princess Hohenlohe Lan-
genburg honoured Mr. G. Kolerwein with a sitting
for a full-length portrait.

The Prince and Princess of Wales.

SANDRINGHAM, Nov. 10.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the
Prince Frederick of Denmark, his Serene Highness
the Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar, and party
have been shooting to-day in Jocelyn's Wood.
Their Royal Highnesses the Princess of Wales
and the Crown Princess of Prussia, attended by the
Countess of Morton and the Countess Hohenthal,
drove out.

The Hon. R. H. Meade left Sandringham for
town.

The festivities at Sandringham, in connection
with the celebration of the anniversary of the birth-
day of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales,
were in the main strictly of a private character,
and the large number of persons from the neigh-
bourhood who drove on the estate were disappointed
of seeing anything except the Prince and his party,
who were shooting in the neighbourhood of the
hall, and who were joined by the Princess of Wales
and the Crown Princess of Prussia.

About four o'clock on Monday afternoon the
children of the Sandringham, Wolferton, and Der-
singham schools sang a piece or two in front of the
hall, attended by the clergy on the estate, and were
afterwards provided with a sumptuous dinner in a
part of the coach-houses fitted up as a dining-room.
Their royal highnesses and their royal relatives
manifested great interest in the proceedings, and
the Prince and Princess kindly presided at the fes-
tive board. After their royal highnesses had re-
tired, and ample justice had been done to the repast,
the following toasts were given and enthusiastically
responded to :--" The Queen," " The Prince and
Princess of Wales," " Prince Alfred and the rest of
the Royal Family," " The Crown Princess of Prus-
sia," " General Knollys," and " The Equerries:,
The cottagers and workpeople on the estate also
had a dinner—Mr. Carmichael, the prince's steward,
presiding.

At half-past nine in the evening the approaches
to the hall were filled with carriages containing
visitors to an evening party given by their royal
highnesses—invitations to which had been sent to
the chief families of the western division of the
county.

The party comprised the Prince Frederick William
of Prussia, Prince Frederick of Denmark, his Serene
Highness the Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar,
Major Teesdale, Lieutenant-Colonel Keppel, Hon.
R. H. Mead, Lieutenant-General Knollys and Mrs.
and the Misses Knollys, Mr. H. Fisher, Captain
Lund, Rev. G. B. Moxon, the ex• Mayor of Lynn,
Mr. L. W. Jarvis and Mrs. Jarvis, Captai❑ and
Mrs. Campbell, Mr. and Mrs. Villebois, &e., to the
number of 43. Dancing was kept up with great
spirit till a late hour.

At the neighbouring town of King's Lynn the
festivities of the day were appropriately concluded
by an illumination which, for a provincial town, and
taking into consideration the brief notice of the in-
tention of his royal highness to celebrate his birth-
day at Sandringham, did infinite credit to the loyalty
and public spirit of the inhabitants.

All the prince's tradespeople and many others
illuminated, and the general effect was striking. A
grand display of fireworks took place on the Tues-
day Market-place, and were witnessed by a vast
concourse of persons.

The bells of St. Margaret's Church continued
ringing till a late hour, and the public rejoicings
did not terminate till an early hour in the morning.