The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-04 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 4, 1863.

SEA. First-class APPRENTICES required
in an East Indianian.—For premium, name of ship, &c.,
apply to Messrs. Laing and Co., 27, Coleman-street, Bank.
No control over or interference in the outfitting exercised.

AVACANCY occurs for a Genteel Youth in a
Business in the City. Hours, 10 till 4. A Premium
required, but returned in Salary. The above offers a very
favourable opportunity for advancement.

Address, by letter only, " Delta," care of Simmonds and
Co., 38, St. Mary-at-Hill, Eastcheap.

SECRETARYSHIP.—Any well-educated Young
Man, with .£250 to £5OO at his own command, may hear
ct the above in connexion with a first-class Company.
For particulars address, by letter, A.D.Z.P., 38, St. Mary-
at-llili,

THE FARMER'S BAROMETER, 505., a
new Instrument, by Negretti and Zambra, will cor
rectly indicate whether the Barometer falls for Rain or for
Wind. Particulars by enclosing stamp.-1, Hatton-garden ;
57, Cornhill ; and 122, Regent-street.

CELEBRATION of the TERCENTENARY of
the BIRTH of SHAKSPEARE, at Stratford-upon-
Avon. The Tercentenary Committee (of which Sir Robert
N. C. Hamilton, Bart, K.C.8., is Chairman) are now receiv-
ing SUBSCRIPTIONS, and they may also be paid to the
account of the Tercentenary Committee, at the Stourbridge
and Kidderminster or Warwick and Leamington Banks,
Stratford-upon-Avon ; Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and
Greenway, 'Warwick ; or their London agents, Messrs.
Smith, Payne, and Co , Messrs. Hanburys and Co., or Messrs.
Glyn and Co., bankers, London.

School.

Monu-
mental
Memorial.

General Fund
for opening
gardens and
celebration of
Festival.

£ s. d.
105 0 0

ie s. d.

Z 14. d.
10 10 0

50 0 0

50 0 0

5 0 0

25 0 0

5 0 0

10 0 0
5 0 0
10 0 0
5 0 0
10 0 0
1 1 0
5 0 0
2 2 0

10 0 0
5 0 0
10 0 0
5 5 0
10 0 0
5 5 0

5 0 0

10 0 0
50 0 0
5 5 0
10 10 0

2 10 0

10 10 0
2 10 0
20 0 0
20 0 0
5 0 0
5 0 0

10 0 0

30 0 0
10 0 0
10 0 0
52 10 0
25 0 0
20 0 0
20 0 0
10 10 0
10 10 0

10 10 0

10 10 0
10 0 0
10 0 0
10 0 0
10 0 0
10 0 0
10 0 0
5 0 0

5 0 0
5 0 0
2 0 0
5 0 0
3 0 0

5 0 0
1 1 0
1 0 0
10 10 0
1 1 0
2 0 0
2 2 0
1 t 0
1 1 0

1 1 0

2 0 0
1 1 0

10 0 0

3 G 0
5 0 0

1 0 0

5 0 0

plight. But let anyone go through the same amount
of exposure in England, and he will as certainly be
cut off by consumption as the bishop and Mr. Birrup
were by fever and dysentery. When I began to
travel I walked through streams, and braved rains
in the same way the bishop did; but I found that
I had fever continually, and gave up the habit,
though it was really pleasant to have the extremi-

ties cooled. You will perform a good service if you
warn all Europeans going to the tropics to take as
good care of their health there as they do at home.
In addition to the loss of invaluable services, these
untimely deaths are a great misfortune to the cause
of African civilisation, because people immediately
ascribe them to the inevitable effects of the climate,
and with you say " it is of no use to send mission-
aries where they cannot live." In our expedition,

thoagh we have undergone exposure to which no
missionary need subject himself, we. have had but
two deaths among a large number of Europeans in
four years, and these were caused by detention
sorely against our will in most unwholesome locali-
ties.

No great work can be accomplished without pain I
and suffering, and even death. Those who, with
you, "would not say a word to damp the energies
of missionaries and of those that send them," must
expect to hear cases like that of the, noble-minded
Indian officer who lately fell a victim to gigantic
labours during the Indian famine, or that of Lord
Canning, and try to place a slight drag on the ima-
gination. Horror seems to lay hold on you at the
bare mention of " Elephant Swami)." I am actually
to pass through it to-morrow, and am only sorry
that the enormous herds of elephants—we have seen
800 in at once—have become so knowing that we
have no chance of getting a steak or a foot. But
see the effects of bad example; my imagination, do
water
through
as I will to prevent it, obstinately pictures you
sitting on that wilderness of 800 cesspools, which
the commissioners only the other day swept away,and
drinking water mixed, according to Dr. Acland,
Reading, &c., into
with all the abominationsand unutterable filthiness
yourwhic he
uapr
.e
o ht youpoured out u
fit lot
filter
Oxford,ryourte
y
inches of sand, do you ? I would not trust it (unless
I were in London) though filtered through the
Great Sahara. The delicious unconsciousness with
which you exclaim " Elephant Marsh ; good
heavens 1 what a vista of deep swam-,
p rotting vege-
tation, flies, vermin, stinks, agues, and dysentery do
the words call up ;" only excite a merry laugh, which
I beg you to believe has not one particle of ill-
nature in it, and the quotation—
" Oh, wad some power the giftie gie us,
To see oursels as others see us."
You have actually a larger area of cesspool and
marsh around and above London than exists in the
Elephant Swamp, and to the direful effects let typhus,
typhoid, diphtheria, cholera, consumption, scorfula,
&c., testify. Here they are absolutely unknown.
But our fever, if ill-treated, as by bleedings, or not
treated, as it was in the case of missionaries at
Linyanti, who took only a little Dover's powder, is
as fatal as any two in your catalogue. And while
it would be " penny wise and pound foolish" to
make missionaries of inferior men, good men ought
invariably to be accompanied by a thoroughly edu-
cated and well paid medical officen—l am, &c.,
DAVID LIVINGBTONE.
River Shire, Jan. 26.

houses, no pillage, no indiscriminate outbreak of
riot or hostility, bat will simply defend themselves
in their homes and call their neighbours to the
upon
trbeseciurel,ivaesa tahnedy
pwrooupledrtyinbythaegcaanseg
ooff abtatargck;attst
assassins. This is understood to be the programme,
and, if rigidly carried out, it is one that cannot
fail to produce a very serious state of affairs, So
sensible are the commercial and moneyed Glosses of
the danger that every possible effort will be made,
by offers of bounty money, to get together a new
army of 40,000 or 50,000 men, or whatever num-
ber the Government may consider to be the full
quota of this State, towards the 300,000 that are
considered necessary to carry on the war, in addi-
tion to the armies already in the field. The Courts
of Aldermen and Common Council have already
voted 2,500,000 dols. for the purpose, to be raised by
taxation on city property—a measure of very doubt-
ful legality, but the mere proposal of which shows
the great unpopularity of the draught, and the ex-
treme lengths to which many people are willing to
go in their efforts to render it unnecessary.
But amid all this perplexity and peril the doctri-
naires and philosophers, who wish to make Federal
America a nation instead of a congeries of States,
and to cement the discordant materials by the esta-
blishment of a stringent military despotism, con-
tinue to urge upon the President the duty of
quenching attempted insurrection in seas of blood,

if it cannot be quenched at a cheaper rate ; to en
force the conscription coute que coute ; to take ad-
vantage of the first outbreak to supersede Governor
Seymour or hurry him off to Fort Lafayette, and to
invest General Butler with supreme dictatorial
power over the three States of New York, New
Jersey, and Pennsylvania. It is understood that
Mr. Seward is the sole great obstacle in the way of
this dangerous experiment ; that Messrs. Chase,
Stanton, Halleck, and Welles are in its favour ; and
that the President hesitates to take so serious a step
in opposition to the solemn warning of the most
conservative as well as most sagacious member of
his Cabinet. The people who recommend this des-
perate strategy have lost all hope, however promis-
ing the present appearances of victory may be, of
the final subjugation of the South ; and look to the
utter abrogation and annulment of State rights in
the North, to be effected at all hazards, as the
only possible means by which the North can be
kept together. Their model Government is not
that for which their Auglo-Saxon progenitors
shed their blood, or which offers itself for example
to the world in the mild constitutional monarchy
of Great Britain, bat the autocratic and military
despotism of France. They admit, when closely
pressed, that the Republicanism of Washing-
ton and Jefferson is a proved failure, and that
the future Republic of the North must be one, in-
divisible and homogeneous, with a strong and irre-
sistible central Government in the hands of the first
man of indomitable will and high military genius
who shall succeed in grasping the reins of power.
They shut their eyes to the consequences. They do
not value liberty a straw. They are ripe for despot-
ism. They court it, they pray for it, and all present
indications seem to prefigure that they will inevit-
ably attain it—though not by so short a process as
they fondly imagine, and not perhaps until these
degenerate Americans shall have offered for the
wonder and inst:uction of all time a more unhappy
spectacle than has ever yet been offered by a civi-
lised nation.
A little incident in the history of the late cruel
onslaught upon the coloured people which has fallen
within my personal notice deserves to be recorded.
A negro in one of the pleasant transmarine suburbs
of this city, of which it is not necessary to mention
the name, became on the second day of the riots ob
noxious to a crowd of Trish and other " rowdies"
bent not only on resistance to the draught, but on
any mischief that might offer itself to their idle
hands. The negro kept an ice cream saloon and
restaurant, was au excellent cook and waiter, and
employed several coloured people in his business, was
very useful to the richer inhabitants whenever they
had dinner or evening parties which required extra
assistance, was a prosperous tradesman, as he de-
served to be, and was, moreover, very much re-
spected by all who knew or had occasion to employ
him. Envious of bis prosperity, and indignant that
a " nigger" should be better provided with worldly
goods than themselves, a crowd of men and boys of
the labouring class, reinforced by a mob of thieves
and plunderers, gathered round his house towards
nightfall, threatening to burn it down and hang the
whole of the occupants. The shutters and doors
were hastily closed and secured, and it seemed for a
few moments as if it would fare ill with the unhappy
family, consisting of husband, wife, and two chil-
dren, besides the black servants and waiters. For-
tunately a mechanic of a superior grade, and himself
an employer of labour, was on the spot, and had
courage enough to attempt to stem the tide of popu-
lar passion and influence enough to be successful.
He addressed the crowd in a few energetic sentences,
imploring them to go peaceably home and reserve
their displeasure for the officers of the draught. He
finally prevailed on them to desist from their pur-
pose of arson, and to content themselves with break-
ing the black man's windows. But during the
greater part of the night a few of the rioters lin-
gered around the place, determined to hang the
negro if he ventured abroad. Ultimately, however,
either from the exhaustion of their patience, or the
rumoured arrival of the military and police, they
withdrew, but not before they had threatened him
with instant death if he dared to open his shop on
the morrow. As soon as all was quiet the negro and
his family took the opportunity to escape. Clamber-
ing over the wall at the rear of their premises, their
first intention was to make their way to the open
country and encamp in the woods. Remembering,
however, that there was one gentleman who had
been kinder to them than others, they determined
to go to his house and solicit his protection. They
went and were hospitably admitted, the gentleman
and his family, the females as well as the males, de-
claring that they would protect the lives of the
hapless fugitives at the hazard of their own. Here 1
they have been hiding for seven days, and still
remain in close confinement. And 'who, it will be
asked, was this good Samaritan? Was he a friend
of Emancipation ? No. Was be a professed
humanitarian? No. Was he a Minister of the
Gospel ? No. Had he ever, like Messrs. Cheever,
Beecher, Phillips, and Greely, proclaimed himself
to be the especial friend of the negro race? No.
Had he ever advocated their social and political
equality with white men, or made himself con-
spicuous in any way as their advocate ? No. Was
he known to be more benevolent and charitable than
his neighbours ? No. What, then, was the secret
impulse that drew the negroes towards him in their
hour of peril ? Nothing but the fact that he was a
Virginian. He was a man from the South, who had
been a slaveowner, and who, like his countrytueu;
thoroughly understood the negro character. iivi
b liition-
ing all about him, and that he was not an
°vied him
ist, a preacher, or a philosopher, they
which
out from all the men of the little world
in
they
white moved
multitudes
It
was a dangerous serviced
generously and freely renetre
3?n.
cpointite no
ot hsetap
rmoralise. of the tale. n d
tAI
was
me
ateytrhi
ico,ats,
reihtwawihlsoi liwlreixllpl-
t:le
01 enr.
consent:
ne fo t )T1
ew Navvoiu:(.:ll,
t
r
be very cruel, and that,
under
ltc
tircieeiNgilleeror°t ell:1'i bar d: nhenefiecttevalinendteelFe 8o
st: the negru intellect ma}
be, the black man knows his friends Irom his foes
--by instinct, if not by reason—and would rather
trust his life to the honour of a Southern gentleman
than to the kindly charity of allorthern Abolitionist.
The animosity of the crowd against the negroes
eleolifintghe riots
was so great during the culmittailitri
to set
otfhe North river, both
fit he ae t
tiot et vvieon
Bwrei
tnits
ht hvee
sl
se ►eel gs titan
of them commanded by negro captain,, and manned