The Sun.
London, England, 1839-04-06 00:00:00

RAIL WAY .110,.Nt)i:OLY

Extracts from a Report to the Committee formed fo
establishing Steam Carriage Communication on th
Turnpike and other public Roads by means of Co-
lonel Maceroni's Steam Carriages, now sitting daily
at Mr. Hodgson's Chambers, 21, Lincoln's Inn Fields.
By Alexander Gordon, Member of the Institution of
Civil Engineers.

I am the last person to undervalue the benefits which
may arise from Railways, when projected and estab-
ished under those peculiar (but, in my opinion, rarely
occurring) circumstances to which they are especially
applicable. But I regard those circumstances as in
every case, comparatively speaking, individual, local,
and exceedingly limited in their nature ; while the bene-
fits arising from the general adoption of steam in place
of animal power, in connection with all public convey-
ances, would be co-extensive with the whole popu-
lation of the country. On the other hand, whilst the
cost of railways, even for the very limited circumstances
which call for them, is so enormous, the cost of steam
carriages for common roads need not, in any case, be
disproportionate to the probable amount of the work
to be accomplished by them. A railroad intended to
convey 500 passengers a day will cost as much as one
intended for conveying 5,000 or 50,000 ; whereas
steam carriages may be increased or dimioished as the
case may from time to time require.

Steam carriages on common roads offer this immense
advantage,---that they are able to run on the long-
established 'end well•peopled roads of the country ;
thus preserving the inns, towns, and interests located on
existing lines, which must otherwise suffer by the edge-
railway system. They preserve to invalids, ladies, and
children, their wonted accommodation ; also to com-
mercial travellers, who stop and transact business in all
the towns, and who, by so doing, render their goods
easily attainable, and give that constant support to inns
which makes them so convenient for occasional travel-
lers. They preserve to those who travel for pleasure
the noiseless and luxurious private carriage, and the
privilege of selecting their own time, conveyance, and
chosen company—an independence quite inadmissible by
railway transit.

Enough has been done by Col. Maceroni, Mr. Tel-
ford, Col. Pasley, Mr. Donkin, Mr. Bramah, Mr. Simp-
son, Mr. Field, Mr. M'Neill and myself, to confirm the
conviction in all unprejudiced minds that the desidera-
tum was attained, and that, under good management,
it could be beneficially used for public service.

In November, 1833, an experiment was made, and
our Report was, " there can be no doubt that, with a
well-constructed engine, a steam carriage conveyance,
on the turnpike-roads between London and Birmingham
at a velocity unattainable by horses, and limited only by
safety, might be maintained."

I would here observe, that very few engineers have
taken any trouble to make themselves acquainted with
the theory and practice of steam carriage communi-
cation except upon Railroads. They have, it is true,
been compelled to admit the possibility of steam power
upon common roads ; but many of them—and I think
they are without exception engaged on Railway under-
takings—doubt the economy of the same. Other en-
gineers, although they acknowledge both the possibility
and the economy of steam conveyance by the public
highways of the country, confess that, they are fully
occupied with Railway communication. The practica-
bility has been abundantly proved not only to engineers,
but to the public at large, and to several members of
your Committee ; and, that this Report may not be
altogether bare of information upon the economy, I will
add a few lines on that head.

It must be admitted, that the difference in the de-
structive effect upon a steamer can only be in over-
coming the resistance of collision. Now, on railways
the steamers are rapidly injured by this force, and the
strongest wheels and axles are quickly destroyed by it.
These carriages on the railway strike and bound from
side to side, and skip along a hard unyielding railroad ;
the wheels and axles immediately suffer, and the fine
work of the engines, imperfectly protected by rigid and
ill-applied springs, almost as immediately suffers from
such shocks. There is a want of sufficient flexibility in
the springs, and the railway is entirely destitute of
elasticity.

. .
- I am, after .long and repeated observation, satis-
fied, that the destruction will be less on the turnpike-
road than on the railway.

. . .
My opinions upon this point have been confirmed by
the results of numerous steam journeys, by Colonel
Maceroni's steam carriage ; and I would refer you to
Appendix Aof this Report. The results of my expe-
rience of the actual expenses, including fuel, repairs,
attendance, superintendence, and toll-money—the total
expenses per mile are Is. ; carrying, on an average, fif-
teen passengers at a mean rate of 13 miles per hour.

• • •
I know a valley, 13 miles from London, which is
passed by horse-coaches, and which I have passed by
steam carriages, descending on one side, and ascending
on the other, at a speed of 11 or 12 miles per hour.
. Over this valley an embankment and
viaduct, which cannot cost less than 200,0001., is con-
structed for a Railway. To pass this •alley, therefore,
will cost annually 10,000/. of interest, exclusive of the
more immediate cost of carriages, maintenance of way,
repairs of engines, &c., which must be charged to some-
body, and therefore forms a charge on goods and pas-
sengers carried. Itlilvray engineers would do well to
think of this. Steam carriages on common roads do
not require all this work.

They can carry passengers and goods from towns
situate in the lowest parts of valleys, or other low coun-
tries, to towns on hill-sides or in mountain districts ; not
so railway locomotives ; the railroad may have a very
fine level ; but if our residence be at the bottom of
a valley, all our produce must mount a more than ordi-
narily steep accliv►ty before we can place it on the rail-
way. If we reside on the high land, we must have all
our necessaries brought up to us at considerable ex-
pense. The whole produce of the country is on different
levels, and some undulations in lines of communication
are absolutely necessary. So that, even supposing such
levelling as railroads demand benefits the proprietors of
them, it may be to the public a disadvantage.
Now, steam carriages on the common road would set
the carrying trade, and all other trades and pursuits,
on an equal footing.

The turnpike-roads of England and Wales alone, ex-
elusive of 130,000 miles of other highways, extend, ac-
cording to a report of the House of Lords in 1829, over
19,800 miles in length ; they have been constructed at
great expense ; the trusts are heavily in debt. These
roads form the grand currents of trade, through long-
established, and well-peopled, and busy lines : on,
along, and across these lines every kind of carriage can
pass, without a charge which can at all enrich the road
trustees. On these roads competition in the carrying
trade can always exercise its wholesome checks. Many
of these roads, public property, with a free carrying
trade, are at present endangered by the Railway mania,
which Railways are private property, with a monopoly
in the carrying trade.

I made numerous trips, of many miles at a time, with
Colonel Maceroni's steam carriage, between the months
of August, 1833, and September, 1834, at a speed
varying from 10 to 20 miles an hour, according to the
" Clivities" of the road, or the variable turnpike sur-
faces in the neighbourhood of London ; and after tra-
velling by this and other steam carriages over an
aggregate of not less than 3,500 miles of common roads,
I confidently recommend Colonel Maceroni's carriage
to your notice as the one by which you may accomplish
the object you have in view, especially when it is sup-
plied with Colonel Maceroni's New Boiler Improve-
ments, with the nature and particulars of which I have,
in confidence, been made acquainted, and which will
render the new steam carriages far superior to the ori-
ginal one, of which I have spoken so favourably in the
2d and 3d editions of my Treatise on Locomotion, and
other publications, as economical and perfectly safe.

. .
. .
It is perhaps unnecessary for me to say, that the in-
ventions of Colonel Maceroni may be employed either
as draggers for other carriages, or as passenger car-
riages.

ii,* Prospectuses may be had on application to Mr.
Hodgson and to Mr. G. Concanon, Solicitors, 21,
Lincoln's Inn-fields.

ANTI-CORN-LAW ASSOCIATION,

GLASGOW.
(From the Glasgow Chronicle of Wednesday.)
This day at three o'clock, a meeting, called by public
advertisement, of the members of the Association, and
of all persons friendly to the objects of the Association,
was held in the Trades' Hall, Glassford-street, for the
purpose of receiving the Report of the Delegates re-
specting their proceedings during their second visit to
London. Amongst the gentlemen on the platform we
noticed William Craig, Esq., one of the Vice-Presidents
of the Association, who took the Chair, and having read
the advertisement convening the meeting, Mr. Murray,
one of the Secretaries, read the following Report of the
Delegates, previous to their separation in London. (This
report has previously appeared in our Journal, but its
importance induces us to suppose that our readers will
not object to its being again placed before them.)

did now. He hoped they would come forward, for
nothing but fear would produce a repeal of these laws,
and he did hope that they would be successful in the
course of two or three years.—(Cheers.)
Mr. WEIR said it was a rule in theirAssoziation, that
no party politics would be introduced. Let parties sink
or swim, he cared not for Tory, for Whig, or Radical, he
demanded justice, and whoever would give him that
would have his support.—(Cheers.) He was astonished
at Delegates wishing to oppose all those Members of
Parliament who would not pledge themselves to a repeal
of these laws. These were the party politics whish he
repudiated, as it might prevent him from giving his
vote to a good Whig, because he would not support
the repeal of the Corn-laws. Before the Delegates got
to London their enemies had been poisoning the
public mind, saying that the manufacturers could
not prove their case, and underlings of Govern-
ment who would not have dared to do so if they bad not
done it with the authority of Government. They had
difficulties to encounter in private from these under-
lings which the country could not conceive. He would
seize upon the two great leaders, and then see what
their followers would do. Sir Robert Peel said the
Corn-law Association had said they would have a re-
peal of these laws by physical force. He could but
think Sir Robert Peel mistaken on this point. Lord
Melbourne seemed determined not to be behind his
rival. He declared that the manufacturers who were
petitioning the House of Commons for liberty to give
evidence before the bar of that House were mad, he de-
clared to God. Mr. Weir went over the taxes levied
on food, and showed they also amounted to 1,000,0001.,
and Melbourne insisted on giving the monopolists
18,000,000/. ; 9,000,000/. of this was paid by the agri-
culturists themselves. Had he not a right to throw
back the taunt he (Lord Melbourne) was mad. He
said the constitutio❑ of the House of Commons was the
great bar in the way ; that House was a House of
Landlords, and not representatives of the people gene-
rally.—(Cheering.) The men of England had shaken
hands with the people of Scotland, and they would not
let hold the grasp till they were successful.—(Hear,
hear, and great cheering)—and if there were no other
way, like the clamourous widow, they would perse-
vere that, from love of ease, or some other cause,
they give up to their repeated demands, what had at
this time been so contumeliously refused. He had no

trust in the Legislature, but was willing to wait a year
till more unanimity prevailed on the subject. He would
advise them in the meantime to declare their adhesion
to the Anti-Corn-law League, on condition that those
sent as delegates at any future period, be instructed to
impress upon that body the necessity of extending its
sphere of operation and constituting itself into a free
trade league, for the purpose of protecting the rights of
industry from the deleterious effects of landlord legis-
lation, so long as the legislative bodies shall remain un-
reformed.—(Hear, and cheers.) The people were not
half informed when the suffrage was formerly extended,
and they had thus fallen into the hands of the Whigs,
who had done for the Tories what they never could
have done for themselves. He would take. his stand on
these principles!, •arul ,he.lteped the Association would
recognise the principles which were necessary to obtain
a thorough sweeping of that rotten House of Commons
which had set at naught their just demands.—(Great
cheering.)
JOHN FLEMING, Esq., of Claremont, proposed a
string of resolutions (for which see Advertisement).
W. P. PATON, Esq., had great pleasure in seconding
the motion for the adoption of the resolutions.
Mr. A. GRAHAM said he had only heard the resolu-

lid,coomnsmreenade da na df
rteh l
ee
trade
e clauseleague,
of
even
hti
or d
theresolution -
exportingr
of machinery. Had he time to consider the question,
he might agree to it ; but he considered it too inspor-
taut to be decided by that meeting at present.
Mr. M‘Lzoo rose to propose an amendment to the
last resolution, which he considered calculated to keep
back a'great number of those interested in the Extension
of the Suffrage. It was well known that the Corn-laws
were ruining the trade of the country, till in a few years
it might be put in a state past recovery. They were all
very well aware of the existence of the Chartist move-
ment, which was got up for the same object.—(Cries
of " Hear, hear.") They should meet at a time when
the working classes could attend, and then they would
not need to meet and talk to empty benches. They
might be afraid that the Chartists would beat them—
but although they were beat by the Chartists, it would
only show them where their strength lay—and where
their weakness. He proposed that the fourth resolution
be abandoned, as it was mixing up the Corn-laws with
the Extension of the Suffrage, which would raise another
party, when the country was too much divided already.
A gentleman, seconded the amendment, and asked
the Chairman how he expected to get the Corn-laws
repealed ?

The CHAIRMAN said, for his own part, he held that
the Corn-laws would not be repealed but through terror,
or an alteration of the constitution of the House of
Commons.—(Cheers.)
Mr. JOHNSTONE said he would be very sorry if that
resolution was not carried, as it vas one of most conse-
quence to the operative.
Alter some other remarks from Mr. Fleming, Mr.
Weir, the Chairman, and Mr. Currie, the resolutions
were carried by a great majority.
Mr. A. GRAHAM proposed a vote of thanks to the
Delegates, which was seconded by Mr. W. SISEAL, and
carried by acclamation. The meeting then broke up.

EDINBURGH.

MEETING OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.

LADY LYTTON BULWER'S NOVEL.—SO
eager and numerous were the applications to obtain Lady
Bulwer's novel of " Cheveley, or the Man of Honour," on
the day of publication, that the whole edition was sold off
immediately. Those of the public, however who were then
disappointed will have the opportunity Of procuring it
next week, when the new edition is to be published.
The Shakspeare Club of Scotland have again
presented their honorary medal, as a mark of distinction,
to a lady. When that talented vocalist, Mrs. H. R.
Bishop, was in Edinburgh, the Club, sensible of her great
merit, and taking advantage of her short visit, presented
to her the first honorary medal. It was then resolved to
select and confer the same honour upon a lady of histrionic
talent as an associate. Their choice, we are happy to
learn, fell upon Miss Julia Cruise, of the Theatre Royal,
Edinburgh. A deputation of the gentlemen of the
Council of the Club waited upon her on Saturday, and
presented her with the honorary medal as a mark of their
very high estimation of the histrionic eminence to which
she has attained ; the variety of talent she has displayed on
the Edinburgh stage, of which she is so great an ornament ;
and her genius, which she has shown is capable of the
highest impersonations of character. We understand that
she received it in a very courteous and graceful manner,
and expressed her sense of the compliment conferred upon
her in most feeling and appropriate terms. The Chairman
tofethe deputation reported to a very numerous meeting of
h Club, the presentation and acceptance of the honoum.
The report was received with enthusiastic approbation, and
the health of the lady was given and drank with long-
continued cheering.

(From the Edinburgh _Evening Courant.)
A meeting of the Dirsctors was
.held on the 2d inst.
—Duncan Cowan, Esq, in the Chair.
After the ordinary routine business, admission and
proposal of members, &c. had been disposed of, Mr.
Wigham gave in a report of his proceedings as the
Representative of the Chamber at the meetings of the
Anti-Corn-law Delegates, which having been read,
was approved of, and the thanks of the Directors
unanimously voted for the manner in which he had
discharged his duty. Mr. lyigham, in reply, repeated
his conviction of the, great importance of obtaining a
total repeal of the Corn-laws, which pressed so hard
upon the industry of the people, and the repeal
of which was so
essential for the promotion of peace
and happiness. He wished particularly to call the at-
tention of the Chamber to the Resolutions regarding
their future proceedings, adopted by the Del egates
at their meeting of the 19th March. Mr. Wigham,
read the resolutions, which we repeat above.
Mr. W. also requested the special
attention of the
Chamber to the following resolution!, adopted at the
*
same meeting, regarding the accusations which had been
brought against the manufacturers because of their en-
deavours to obtain the repeal of the Corn-laws :
I. That this meeting has heard with indignation the
charge of seeking the repeal of the Corn-laws, in order
to raise the profits of the rcapitalist at the expense of the
wages of the labourer. That the charge is a gratuitous
imputation of sinister motive, and therefore calumnious
and unjust—the more so, because repeal 'has been
sought
fbr this, among other reasons, that it would en-
large the field for the employment of labour, and there-
fore raise both the absolute and the relative amount of
wages. That this meeting isgnatly surprised at the
ignorance and absurdity of the charge, because in its
opinion the relative proportions of profits and wages are
independent of the mere will of the capitalist, beingde-
termined by the relative quantities of the supply of la-
hour and the demand for it ; and, knowing no distinc-
tion of interest betwixt the employer: and the workman,
it deeply regrets that the contrary ?pinion, so dangerous
should have ro-
te the peace and happiness of society,
ceived any sanction from the quarter in which the accu-
sation originated.
11. That the Corn-laws and the duties on the import
of foreign manufactured goods, having-
been studiously
represented as perfectly analagous and equally protec-
tive of the respective classes of agricultural and manu-

TTTM, SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 1839,

THE REVENUE FOR THE YEAR AND QUARTER ENDING APRIL 5, 1839.

No. I.—An Abstract of the Net produee of the Revenue of Great Britain in the Years and Quarters ended sth of April, 1833, and lith of April,llB39, showing the Lame
or Decrease on each head thereof.

QUARTERS ENDE:
303268 !Yidr7ds QUARTERS RNDRD YEAR Year ended April & Quarter ended April L
Increase. Decrease. Increase. Decrease,`
,--------:316,34:,-,.-------------.---7-....\ ended .-....--------..........., ~.• .......„.
July 5, Oct. 10, 1 Jan. 5, Aprils, Ali , July 5, Oct: 10, I Jan. 5, April 5, April 5,
1837 1837 1838 1838 'B3B 1853 1838 1839 1839 163 g
----. -...._____
Customs.-Consolidated Duties 3,121,126 3,934(82 3,629,706 3,153,C07 - 3A 53,052 3,990,050 3,750,032 3,197,823 - - - -
Sugar Duty applicable to Consolidated
Fund . . 1,309,259 - - - 493,303 - - - -
1,505,054 893,570 605,395 - . _
- - --
4,001,870 18,451,449 1,479,221 1,104,356 4211,123
Sugar Duty applicable to Supplies - - - -
Total Customs -----4,769,400 5,460 971 4,854,385 4,411,569 . 19,504,129 1,053,179 _,_ 549,899
Excise 2,437,119 4,095,959 3,627,190 1,841,511 11,999,772 334,024 135,6511:
Stamps... 1,692,134 1,751,476 1,521,123 1,640,253 6,604,,116 143,101
45,864 7,941
Taxes 211: ',3
547,013t705 351 i
i7l i013;52,,,,
042135612274 3411:192:41,:, 1081
11,
671304
:,581795943 I
361: ,646627851: , 78195
11.09,5(18 328,045 1,556,689 176,440 3,700,682 73,577 ....••
Post Office OO6 376,000 369,003 1.519,743 381,000 410,000 365,008 392,000 1,544,000 2,157
65,000 QS
44 23,000
65,000 40,000 40,000 145,000 80,000 25,090
Crown Lands ...
Miscellaneous 5,727 2,701 174 23,841 34,443 10;100 8,376 6,340 35,445 90,405 55,965 9,701
-
Total Ordinary Revenue
97,766 35,018 272,454 10,899,544 '12,126,127 1',000,730 8,537,318 43,59:3,476 1,763,103 561,125 32,941
520,758 - 28,424 125,090 31 853 596,995 233,641 3,166
Imprest and other Moneys 10,710122;986371 11,412,13433 11,613,744 8,006,134 41,825,373
•
Works , Ai 163,798 37,224
127,660 194,524 193,716 12i,7116 641,686 131,122
Re- payments of Advances for Public
167 " 2
Total Income 10983580 11,693,165 11,101,032 8,129,714 42,608,391 111,317,962 12,349,075 12,349,20 8,694,957 1 44,741,257 2,132,566
601,343 36,106 1
----•
the Amount 7,251,869 B,7Deduct Deduct
dated Fund ount applied to the Consoli-
12,692 9,011,312 6,484,319 31,460,052 3,529,102 9,767,134 9,646,403 6,430,708 32,675,347 Decrease. Decrease.
Ditto, to pay off Exchequer Bills,
110.11• 56,196
charged on Sugar Duty - - -•- - - - Ditto, as as part-of the Ways and Means •
3,731,911 2,980,475 2,790,590 1,645,365 11,148,3:,9 Increase on
of the Year 4,5)8 860 2 581 941 2,702,810 2,264,249 12,067,910 Increase on
1 , ,
."-'...... the Year. the Quarter
Total I 11,693,165 1 11,801,932 i 8,129,714 42,103,391 1
__l, 11,347,962 1 12,319,075 1 13,349;213 45 8,694,957 i 44,711,257 1 2,132,866 ..,... 595,2
10,983,550

No. ll.—lncome and Charge of the Consolidated Fund, in the Quarters ended the sth Apvtl, 1838, and the sth April, 1839. s
Quarters ended April 5. Quarters ended April 5,
„.......-------.---i---....
e„..._,..............................„
INCOME. 1E333 1839 • CHARGE. 1135 1839
Customs.—Consolidated Duties
3,153,007 3,497,823 Permanent Debt.
3,545,543 . 3,538,968
Sugar applicable to the
Terminable Annuities
1,374,218 1,718,837
Consolidated Fund
303,28 s 493,3'43
Sinking Fund
Iterest on Exchequer Bills issued to meet the charge on the Consolidated Fund 24,662 16,371
Total Customs
3,456,275 3,991,146 The Civil List —
Other charges on the Consolidate(' Fund
396,2 526,959
1,705,553 1,862,149 Charge on account of Advances, the repayment( of which are cat ried to Cnnsolidated Fund
Excise
1,648,194 1,640,253
Stamps
5,369,135 5,787,645
130,57(i 176,440 Total Charge
Taxes
369,009 312,000
The Surplus 2,351,483 2,807,827
Post Office
65,090 40,000
Crown Lands
Miscellaneous
47,140 35,545
lmprest and ether Moni6s 35,018 31,253 7,790,618 8,595,472
Repayment of Advances I 03,5112 125,786
The Amount of Exchequer Bills issued to meet the charge on the Consolidated Fund for the Quarter ended Jan. 5, 1839,
• , 7,545,818 8,2 i 5,472 and paid off out of the growing produce of that Fund for the Quarter ended April 5, 1Q•39.
The Amount issued in the Quarter ended April 5, 1839, in part of the sums granted by Parliament out of the Co nsoli
I dated Fund for Supply Services 2,264,249
To Cash brought to this Account
from Ireland, to be applied to pay ;
The Surplus of the Consolidated Fund, Quarter ended April 5, 1839 2,807,827 543,578
off Deficiency Bills
The probable amount of Exchequer Bills required to meet the charge on the Consolidated Fund, Quarter ended
7,720175:600160
8,595,47230000
April 5, 18391.137 .8196

1 5,137,098

facturing producers, this meeting would direct atten-
tion to the specific operation of each. That the high
rate of duties on foreign grain has :given to the land-
owners a monopoly of the supply of the home markets
(except in years of great scarcity), which has enabled
them to realize a scale of prices ranging from sixty to
seventy per cent. above those of the Continent of Eu-
rope, and thereby greatly enhanced the value of land,
and consequently the amount of rent. That the pro-
tecting duties on the import of foreign manufactured
goods have giren but one advantage to the British ma-
nufacturer, the possession of the home market ; being
entirely inoperative to raise the price of the commodi-
ties he produces, or to increase either the profits of
capital or the wages of labour, both being necessarily
regulated by the prices at which similar goods can be
sold by the foreign manufacturer with whom he has to
compete in the common markets of the world.

That the imputation of dishonesty, on the part
of the manufacturers, implied in the statement that
they wish to retain the protecting duties on the importa-
tion of foreign manufactures, while they demand the
total abolition of the Corn-laws, is unwarranted and un-
reflecting—unwarranted, because the most important
petitions presented to the Legislature during the pre-
sent Session of Parliament for a repeal of the Corn-laws,
have distinctly prayed for the removal of all restrictions
on the free exchange of commodities betwixt nation and
nation—and unreflecting, because the design to retain
the one whilst demanding the abolition of the other, is
most palpably futile, since the preponderance of the agri-
culturists in the Legislature gives to them the absolute
power, when they shall do justice to the consumers of
food by repealing the Corn-laws, to do justice to the
consumers of manufactures, by removing all protecting
duties on foreign fabrics.
IV. That this meeting would distinctly acknowledge
the great and peaceful principle of free trade, and for the
following reasons :-
1. Because it recognizes the inalienable right of all
producers to the free disposal of the fruits of their capi-
tal, skill, and labour—a right which cannot co-exist
with protecting or prohibitive duties on import and
export.

2. Because it would remove in each particular com-
munity the jealousies and discontents which grow out of
protection, real or supposed, to class and sectional in-
interests.

3. Because it would lead surely and necessarily to the
full development of the resource& of all nations, and
would thereby raise the mass of commodities to its high.
est amount, relatively to the mass of the population, of
all, and by exchange would lead to the fullest possible
participation, by each nation, of the peculiar products of
all the rest.

4. That wherever a commodity is procured at the
dearer price instead of the cheaper, there is a throwing
away and destruction of national wealth equal to the
diference of price.
5. Because it would powerfully facilitate the growth
and the diffusion of knowledge, civilization, and religion.
6. Because it would link nations together in .such
close bonds of tnuttgal dependence and intcrest as would
powerfully tend to the prevectiee of_ Ole, 000nsiops of
war, whilst the strong bonds of Mutual Hoed ivill and '
amity which would grow out of that Mutual dependence
would remove the motives in which that worst of human
calamities has, in almost all instances, originated.
POST OFFICE.—The Secretary read the following
letter, which he had received from Colonel Moberly,
satisfactoryenconlaytu wriet, h
on the subject of the morning mail which was of the
m
asthsehowwisihngesthoef anxietythe an
merocfGtiol;
ve orsntuat to comply
community as far as practicable, and he hoped that ere
long the Liverpool mail would arrive at as early an hour
as formerly :

" General Post Office, 9th March, 1839.
" SIR,—I am commanded by the Postmaster-Gene-
ral to acquaint you, with reference to the memorial
from the Chamber of Commerce at Edinburgh, on the
subject of the day mail from London, that having
communicated with the Lords of the Treasury on the
matter, they are of opinion that the day mail to Scot-
land ought to be maintained; and that measures have

been taken, with their sanction, which his Lordship
trusts have very materially abated the evils the Memo-
rialists complained of ; and he hopes that a further ac-
celeration on the railroad may be obtained, so as nearly
to restore the mail to its original position.
" I mu, Sir,
" Your obedient humble servant,
" W. L. MABERLY.
" J. F. Macfarlan, Esq., Edinburgh."
The SECRETARY then stated that he had forwarded

the petition in favour of Mr. R. Hill's plan of-postage,
as directed at last meeting to Mr. Wallace, who had
presented and supported its prayer.
Mr. CADELL expressed his satisfaction with the
progress of this important subject. The evidence ad-
duced before the Committee of the House of Commons
was so overwhelming as to convince almost every one
of the propriety and safety of the adoption of Mr. Hill's
plan, and he hoped it would soon be brought into com-
plete operation.

ARRIVAL OF LORD EBRINGTON
IN DUBLIN.

(From the Pilot of Wednesday.)
At about twelve o'clock this day the Urgent steam-
packet arrived in Kingstown harbour, having on board
his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant. A company of
the 60th Rifles and a troop of the Scots Greys were
drawn up opposite the jetty to receive him, and a
long line of carriages, cars, and every description of
vehicles was found so as to be ready for a procession.
Hundred of thousands of human beings were congre-
gated about the spot to greet the successor of Lord
Normanby—the Nobleman who was to tread in the
footsteps of Isis illustrious predecessor. The shout—the
enthusiastic shout—of joyous rapture that burst forth
from the dense mass of men who were assembled there,
when his Excellency set his foot upon the soil of Ireland,
ought to convince him, if he did not already know it,
that he is come to govern a loyal, generous, and grateful
people. His Excellency was attended by Capt. Williams,
Hon. Mr. Dillon, and his two Aides-de-camp. He was
dressed in coloured clothes, looked well, and seemed de-
lighted at the reception which he met with. In compli-
went to the people, he proceeded on horseback, though
his carriage awaited him at the jetty. His demeanour '
is mild and gentlemanly, and he bowed courteously and
frequently in reply to the heart-inspiring cheers of the
people. The order of the procession was as follows :
First went a few of the Scots Greys, then came his Ex-
cellency and the aides-de-camp, then a dense crowd •f
gentlemen on horseback, and lastly the countless car-
riages Ad cars of the nobility and gentry. On either
side of the procession were thousands of men, aye, and
women and children, on foot, and ever and anon cheers
would be given for the Nobleman whom they had come
together to welcome. The window of every house in
Kingstown was thronged as the cortege passed tLrough,
and at every quarter of a mile the numbers of the pro-
cession were increased by large bodies of men who had
come to meet it. In this manner was Lord Forteseue
received, and the procession moved on towards Dublin.
At half-past two o'clock his Excellency arrived at the
Castle, where he was sworn in before the Privy Council.

AWFULLY SUDDEN DEATH.—Thursday night
an inquest was held before Mr. Payne, at the Peacock,
Whitecross-street, on the body of Thomas Bentley, aged
42. It appeared from the evidence that the deceased, who
was by trade a dyer, resided in Whiterose-street, Cripple-
gate. The previous afternoon, about three o'clock, he was
discovered lying in his room with his knees on the floor and
his head resting on a chair, in an insensible state. He
was raised up, and a surgeon called in, who tried to bleed
him in tne arm, but without any avail, as life was quite ex-
tinct, the surgeon giving it as his opinion that he died of
apoplexy. It came out in evidence that the deceased had
during the last few days given himself up to habits of in-
temperance, and at the time of his death he was the worse
for liquor. The Jury returned a verdict of " Died of apo-
plexy."