The Sun.
London, England, 1839-10-16 00:00:00

SPIRIT of the kußi,it dotTRNALs,

ilrlw THE DAILY PAPERS OF YESTEtriliti
(3'f!....1 the Globe.)
The letter which we inse:ted;teeterday from the Lords
ff the Education Committee of Council; in reply to a
Clergymdo's inquiries as to the appointment of In•
spectors,
and the exteds?rt /f their functions to the re-
ligious instruction in Church school'as has excited in an
especial degree the wrath of the Times, which indulges
sortie of its usual decent conjectures whether there was any
such perFon as the writer of the original communication
—whethet " the whole thing is a forgery," &c. &c.
We have not the slightest doubt that those who have
any legitimate reason for wishing to know the reverend
writer will have no difficulty ;out it. We do not
reckon amongst legitimate reasons the desire to abase
him by name in the Times ; and we shall not gratify
our Contemporary by furnishing him with an opportu-
nity of employing his usual logical weapons of coarse
personality. We would, however, appeal to the
Established Clergy generally whether the sort of
championship affected to be devoted to their cause by
the organs of Opposition is to their taste, or is likely to
serve them in the public opinion. The day is not very re-
mote (nor, possibly, remote in recurrence) when thesevery
scribes were writing them down with the same attention
to truth and decency as they now display in their altered
vocation of writing them up. Every true friend of the
Church must exclaim—Non tali auailio !It will also
be fitting for true friends of the Church to consider
whether these swaggering auxiliaries will make up for
the loss of sober supporters. They must know—to
borrow the words of a review-writer whom we lately
quoted, " how many honest men think that education
is still unprovided for, and seek to promote it
by societies and schools." They will do well,
" when they cannot directly co-operate, to counte-
nance the efforts of others ;" and they may be sure that by
opposing any obstacle to such efforts, they are merely
making themselves the catspaws of a party which cares
not for their true interests, and aims merely at getting
its chesnuts from the fire by their agency, Those Church-
men who consent to play the game of the Opposition,
should be reminded that they hazard greater stakes than
their secular patrons. Much license is allowed to com-
petitors for mere party prizes. Their leading men are not
in danger of being suspected of sincere bigotry. They
can make the Church a con venient watchword against their
opponents, while it serves their turn ; and disclaim their
pretensions, as soon as their support would embarrass
them. Sir Robert Peel has already given the high-
Churchmen a " taste of his quality ;" and they may be
assured he will do it again, whenever it suits him.
(From the Standard.)
We learn from the Dublin Evening Mail that the
papers and documents connected with Ribbonism, which
have lately been discovered and seized at Belfast, have
been forwarded to the Castle to Mr. Secretary Drum-
mond. If they should not share the fate of many simi-
lar documents, which have been Busked, during the
last few years in the Vice-regal Palace, they will pro-
bably throw some light upon the question on which
the Ministerial Journals continue to be so scepti-
cal. Simultaneous seizures and arrests, says the
Dublin Evening Mail, have since taken place in
Cavan, Ballyconnell, Swanlinbar, Dublin, Ballynamore,
and Carrigallen. As Ribbon meetings have usually
been held, according to the evidence given before
the Committee of the House of Lords, in public-
houses, the O'Connell papers attempt to throw ridicule
on those lately discovered by describing them as " pot-
house conspiracies." Should not Mr. Drummond
take it into his head that the most important of
the papers which have been placed in his hands
will be of no use in the prosecution which has been
commenced against the offenders, we may probably soon
hear more of the Ribbon conspiracy than will please
either the ilforning Chronicle or the Irish Secretary. It
would seem from the letter of the correspondent of the
Dublin Mail that the conspiracy detected in Cavan is
of no recent origin, information having been sent of
its proceedings during the Mulgrave regime, and we
may fairly presume burled in the Secretary's office,
in order that the beautiful theory of increased tranquil-
lity might not be disturbed. Lord Ebrington seems de-
termined not to allow the same system to be persisted in.
Indeed his own credit demands not only its discontinu-
ance, but that he should show that the conspiracy he is
now called upon to investigate has not only not origi-
nated with his Government, but was known to and con-
cealed by his predecessor.
(From the Courier.)
The more country bank notes there are in circulation,
the less room there is for Bank of England notes ; and
it is the interest of the Proprietors of the Bank of Eng-
land that as many Bank of England notes should be
in circulation as possible. Thus, as we endea-
voured to show on Saturday, the private interests
of the proprietors of the Bank of England are per-
petually jarring with the public interests of the
community. It may be for the public interests of
the community that the American interests should be
supported, seeing how intimately connected, commer-
cially, the British and American interests now are; it may
be for the public interests of the community that every
facility should be given, at a time of threatened famine,
for the purchase of foreign corn, for what higher lute-
rest can there be to protect than the food of a whole
nation ; and, again, it may be highly conducive to
the national welfare that the vast manufacturing popu-
lation of the North, and especially at a time when the I
high price of bread increases the difficulty of subsistence,
and enhances the price of the manufactured article,
should be fostered and assisted at a time of peculiar dif-
ficulty—but, no ; it is precisely in the time of difficulty
when the assistance of the Bank is wanted, that the Bank
is least able to afford it ; for in the prominent cases which
we have mentioned, it was the drain of goldwhich caused
the difficulty ; and to ask the Bank to assist. at such
times was in truth to ask the Bank to furnish the very
gold which was in process of being taken from it. And
here is the glaring mischief of our present imperfect
system of currency ; bad as it is at all times—for it is
founded on the fallacy of being able to pay on demand
eighteen millions of notes with five millions of gold
—it is most pernicious at the very time that a better
system is wanted—in the time of commercial
difficulty. The great evil of the system, it is begun
to be perceived, is this ; that the making it
imperative to represent the amount of the paper
circulating medium of thirty millions by gold,
which is impossible, is to limit the transactions
of trade and commerce, for the time, to the
same amount ; but inasmuch as the transactions of
trade and commerce carried on through the medium of
thirty millions of paper money, are already in operation,
the attempt from time to time to cut down these opera-
tions to the amount of gold which the Bank of Eng-
land can produce to represent them, must, and does,
produce difficulty, embarrassment, and ruin, precisely
in proportion its the cutting down process is enforced.
And so it must ever he so long as this pernicious system
is submitted to by the community. We hold that one
of two things must be done. Either the nation must be
content to say, we will have no more external commerce
and internal trade than we can at any time produce to
represent it ; or the nation must invent some sort of
money that shall perform the functions of the gold money
which the whole earth cannot furnish in sufficient quan-
tity to represent its monetary transactions. The whole
commercial system, bound up as it is with the mo-
dern system of taxation and of national debt, being arti-
ficial, all invented by man for the supply of his artifi-
cial wants and for the ertifieial state of society, man-
kind must now proceed to a new itiventioo, the invention
of an artificial money to represent its vast and multifa-
rious transactions. We shall shortly take occasion to
bring the plan'of a safe add safficient circulating me-
dium, by the means of which such commercial and
national embarrassments as have lately convulsed the
country may be avoided, before the notice of our readers.

EXTRAORDINARY INSTANCE OF THE NON.
FATALITY or PRUSSIC ACID.--A fast' days ago, a
favourite dog, belonging to Mr. John Itutbven, of this
city, having been for tsto or three years in a declining
state of health, owing, it is believed, to poison hating
been
by some malicious person wieliedly administered
to him, it was found necessary to terminate his exist—
ence by giving him a dose of prussic acid. Accordingly,
an extra large dose (nearly a teaspoonful, the fourth
part of which is sufficient to have killed a horse) was
carefully put down his throat ; about half a minute
elapsed before it had any effect, when he dropped down,
giving several yells, and then went into strong coming-
sions, writhing, and tumbling about from side to side,
and exhibiting many other symptoms of speedy disso-
l.ution ; at last he lay quiet, almost withoot sisns of
life,. excepting now and then hard breathing. He' 6rm,
tamed in this state nearly half an hour, when, straog.e
to relate, he gave evident indication of returning ani-
mation, but seemed quite unconscious of anything about
him. In a short time he raised himself to a sitting
posture, when he was seized with a violent von! lung,
after which he gradually became better, and gave signs of
returning consciousness, by whining and moaning, and
then shook himself violently without intermission for
about ten minutes. In the course of two hours he was
as well as ever, and apparently in much bet. ter spirits
than before. Since then he has incontinue:l good
health, and is evidently getting the better of his former
disease. As tbis is a very singular case of the non-
fatality of prussic acid, when administered in such a
lame quantity, it might be doubted if the acid was of
sufficient strength ; but it
may be stated that it was
got from Mr. Butler, chemist, who was told the pur-
pose for which it wasintended, and gave it extra strong.
Scotsman.

--FIRST SCOTTISII MINISTER FOR NEW
ZEALAND.—Yesterday, at a pro re nateg meeting of the
' Presbytery, the documents relative to the appointment,
by the General Assembly's Colonial Committee, of the
Rev. John Macfarlane, of Martyrs' Church, Paisley, to
the charge of the first Scottish Presbyterian congrega-
tion in New Zealand were read, and laid on the table.
The Presbytery appointed the Rev. Robt. Macnaii, of
the Abbey, to preach in Martyrs' Church, on Sabbath
first, and state to the congregation the reasons for the
translatioq. Mr. Macfarlane intends to sail in the Ben-
gal
Merchant, which will leave the Clyde towards the
end of -Ootober.—Paisley Advertiser of Saturday.

Stamboul, or the Turkish part of Con-Stituteal
stands upon a tongue of land, the south side 'of
whisk, is bounded by the Sea of Marmora ; tines
north by the harbour, or as it is called, " The
Golden Horn ;" the east side, or point of the f
tongue, by the Bosphorus ; and the west, or root of
the tongue, is attached to the mainland of Thrace.
The porint of the tongue is called " Seraglio
Point, on account of one of the sera-
gliosbaeinnglileb,uiilitl oresltihgehtivyer
curovefdito, tratisn'dardexftoernmds;
about
ge
from north to south. This wall then stretches in
a curve inward toward the south-west, alum-, the
shores of the Sea of Marmora, until it reaches
"The Seven Towers," distant about four miles.
From thence the wall takes an outward curve to-
wards the north, as far as the waters of the Golden
Horn, distant about four miles further; at the north
point of this west side of the quadrangle, the wall
then stretches east with an inward curve along the
shores of the harbour towards the north end of
Seraglio Point; this distance is also about four
miles, and the circumference of the city may very
well be estimated at thirteen miles by the wall ; or
fifteen miles, including the buildings that are some-
times to be found straggling near it. The Turks
and rayahs only are permitted to reside here, but
the greater part of it is inhabited by Turks alone.
There are, however, portions set apart here and
there for the Armenians ; and a portion, called
" The Fanaar," exclusively for the Greek rayahs ;
also another part, surrounding the ancient Palace
of Constantine, only occupied by Jews. No
Franks are permitted to reside on this side the
Golden Horn.
The Golden Horn varies in breadth from a
luarter to half a mile, and serves to divide the
Frank portions of the town from the parts exclu-
sively Oriental. Opposite to Stamboul stand Ga-
lata, or " The City of the Gauls," and also Pera,
or " The City beyond the Walls," the size of which
it would be difficult to measure, as it is so very
irregularly built. Galata may be about two and a
half miles long, by half a mile broad ; but Pera is
so intermixed with the other suburbs, it is neces-
sary to take it in conjunction with them, such as
Haskioy, Cavils) Pasha, Demetri, Tophana, and
Dolma Batchi. These, including Galata, will
make a circumference of at least other thirteen miles.
A circle of six miles in diameter would however
embrace Stamboul, and the whole of these other
suburbs ; and there would be a great many unbuilt
places comprised in its ring. Travellers, in des-
cribing Constantinople, usually include Scutari,
which stands opposite, on the Asiatic side of the
Bosphorus, at a distance of two miles, as well as
the villages which are built along its banks on both
sides, as far as the mouth of the Black Sea. If
such are to be held as part of the city of Constan-
tinople, then it can boast of more that' twenty miles
of extent. One street in particular, which Jbegins
at the bridge over the harbour, extends in an un- .
broken line as far as Therapia, a distance of at least
eighteen miles, beautifully diversified with the dif-
ferent turnings and windings of the Bosphorus. At
one time, the traveller along this street will find
himself hemmed in on all hands with mosques and
burial-grounds; at another with palaces on every
side ; while the scenery of the " Ocean Stream" is
always bursting forth when least expected, to give
variety and beauty to the walk.
Although no Franks are allowed to reside in
Stamboul, they may have places of business in it,
which they must quit before sunset ; but are at
liberty to return after sun-rise. Here are situated
the Sublime Porte, the Mint, the Seraskier's Pa-
lace, and other Government offices, also the seven
Royal Mosques, the Great Bazaar, the Slave Mar-
ket, the Mad-house, and almost all the Oriental
commerce of the city. Of late years, there has
been constructed a commodious wooden bridge, to
connect it with Galata, &c. This bridge was the
work of a Greek architect, and is probably the only
one of the kind in the world. It is 604 paces, or
453 yards long, and is supported entirely by the
water. The path across is raised a few feet above
the water by means of small arches, resting on
massive logs of wood ; while about 100 yards' dis-
tance from each shore, there is a larger arch to
allow caiques to pass under ; but when any, darge
vessel requires to enter the arsenal, a portion of the
bridge is drawn out at the centre by ropes, anti
again replaced in the same manner when the vessel
has passed.• Turkish soldiers are stationed at both
ends, and also on the large, arches, to prevent' smy
smoking on the bridge.; and 'this is', thte,onleplace
in all -Turkey where smoking:-,is forleidgen.. 4'n
dining-room or bed-room, •in bed Or.' Off
with ladies or without their!, 'nn foot ;off on
horseback, in a boat or a' carriage;rin:public aar
private, man, woman, and child, all may-smoke
everywhere they 'please—alone and :excepting
on the bridge ; for this there, can be' no
reason, as it would not run any- danger of
fire from either pipe or cigar ; but it is so or-
dained, and, of course, must be obeyed. This
bridge is about half-way between Seraglio .Paint
and the west end of Stamboul ; but if any one
wishes to cross the harbour at another place, he,has
only to take a cctique, or little boat, thousands of
which are to be seen, skimming over the water hike
so many sailor-flies in a pond. The price of Pas-
sage is, like everything else here, regulated by &man
--tt is twelve pares, or three-fourths of a penny;
but the boatmen are generally paid with a twenty-
para piece, or a penny farthing : the fare is for the
boat, and one, two, three, four, or even five, can
cross in one boat for one fare.
Beyond the bridge, to the west of it, is situated
the Dock-yard, Arsenal, Admiralty, and Royal
Naval School. Here also the fleet generally winter.
To the east of the bridge, on both sides of the
harbour, extending more or less as far as the Bos-
phorus, are the merchant-vessels, loading and un-
loading, crowded together without any order or con-
venience ; while in the centre of the stream four or
five large steamers are generally anchored.
Next in importance to Stamboul itself is Galata :
here is situated the Custom-house, in the neigh.
bourhood of which the greater part of the European
merchants have their counting-houses and stores.
There are also a few Turkish, Armenian, and
Greek merchants ; but few comparatively who walk
its streets by day inhabit them by night, as the,
dwelling-places of most of the Franks, and Other
merchants of Galata, are in Pera, which is situated
beyond the walls of Galata. The gates are,shut at
sun-set, although some of them may be pasi'ed siva
ater hour ; in fact, we have always found a piaittre,'
or twopence-halfpenny, a key that would open th'efn
at any time.
t
Pera contains a great number of shops, such ,as
tailors', boot-makers', haberdashers', oil-men's,,
grocers', &c. &c.; the greater part of them French -
or Italian, but not one English ; in truth, there is
only one English shopkeeper in all the capital, and
that is a ship chandler in Galata. The greater
number of the houses in Pera are Frank dwelliok..
_houses, a good many of which let' furnished or 'un-
furnished lodgings by the month, to those who dp
not require an entire house. There are also about
twenty regular boarding-houses for strangers, and
four very bad and dear hotels for wayfarers.
Demetri is inhabited almost entirely by Greeks;
Haskioy Ely Jews ; while the other suburbs are an
indescribable mass of all nations, tribes, and tongues.
It is not an uncommon thing for twelve or fourteen
languages to be spoken in one house. At the
!able where we dined, there were eight sat down to
eta/ anti the conversation? Was always carried on in
five languages ; and we have sometimes risen from
table after having, noted that the ia.?euages had
been changed by one or another, until i.he com-
pany had unawares made use of seven. Time land-
lady is Armenian—she speaks Armenian, nuke's!),
Greek, and Italian ; the landlord is a native of
Corfu—he speaks Turkish, Greek, Italian, French,
'and English ; his mother and sietcr speak Turkish,
Greek, and Italian ; his father speaks Arabic,
Turkish, Russian, Greek, and Italian ;
spoke Italian and German ; and another, a Venetian
spoke Prussian,enetlan
German, French, and Hungarian.—London Satur-
day Journal.

THE HARVEST.—The Dublin Evening Post
states that " Wheat is certainly below a third of the
availabli average--an average available for the miller."
The weather recently h!is been fine, and Ireland " has
benefited by the change in the barometer, but it may not
be denied that she has fared worse than the sister
island." The reports from all parts of Ireland are far
more _favourable than any previously received. 'The
general
iziiffratter,of the accounts from our own Pro-
winces inclines to " favourable," although more paperi
than ours
.give a lamentable description of the potato
crops rotting in the ground, as well as of much mischief
done to grain by the wet weather, of which we had so
inopportune and disastrous a continuance.