The Sun.
London, England, 1837-07-05 00:00:00

THE Fumrs

Consols, which closed the Account, open:d
the same price ; Exchequer Bills, 32 34 prem. ; India BonclF,V,
33 35 ; Bank Stock, 203 209. •

In the Foreign Market Spanish Active closed at ,22 to i. 7,1
ex•coupons, and opened at 2lk 22k cx coupons; Portugues<,
closed at 44a to opened at 441 ; Three per Cents.,
ex-div. ; are at present 281 ; Dutch Two and a Half ptr.!
Cents. 52k ex-div ; Colombian, 241.
HA 7,F. PA ST ONE.
Consols, which were 921 j, have recedc.3 to 92 ; at pre-
sent may be quoted g2l for the Account. Excht.y.ter
32 34 prem. ; India illnda, 34 33; Bank Stock, 2031. :'";
An arrangement has taken place in the Stock Excliange_:.;
with one of its old members, rho had accepted same of the'4
American bills which were not provided for. Ile is a perso.C'
of great property, and there is no doubt his creditors will bel7:
paid in full.
In the Foreign Market Spanish Active is very heavy et
ex-coupons ; Portuguese, 44; Spanish Coupons, 47; Dutel
4 per Cents., 521.
THREE O'CLOCK.
Consols for Account, 921. -

'~~Fwa

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS•

Many a man, like the fox in the fable, affects to
lespise what he cannot obtain. There is a querulous-
ness about Mr. Walter's address which indicates with
sufficient clearness that retirement from the political

,tape is not exactly a matter of choice with hitn. The
Assigned reasons are either not relevant or not intelli-
gibly. The love of domestic comfort and of the per-
formance of neighbourly offices may be as strong in
Mr. Walter as in most men, but we fear he deceives
'himself if he supposes that that is the primary motive
of his retirement, and that the strength of that motive
is not considerably enhanced by the weakness of his
chances of being again returned for Berkshire, what-
ever might be his expenditure to retain his seat
against a candidate who would support the new
loor-la`v
P . We speak from information on which

we can rely when we state that many of
~..- Mr. Walter's constituents are much disgusted
with the part that he has taken and that the
Times has taken upon that question. Not a few
'--, of them are members of Boards of Guardians,
"r.,;,,- practically conversant with the . operation of the
new law, and amongst its most zealous supporters. Of
_ some of them we know that they by no means admire
~. him as a politician ; and that the labours for which
he takes so much credit by no means seem to raise
him in their estimation. In fact, his statements with
•:. relation to the operation of the new law are so different
':: from what they know to be the truth, that they are
determined to vote against him. It will have been ob-
f served, that before a Committee, consisting chiefly of
Magistrates like himself, who allowed him so long as
.'" he stayed to call witnesses from whatever part of the
' country he pleased, and showed themselves even dis-
posed to sympathise with his prejudices, and wil-
' ling to receive evidence of his selection, without
waiting for any reply, he yet avoided calling wit-
• nesses from his own county, and carefully ab-
stained
from impugning the administration of relief
:n any of the unions which it comprehends, although
‘': he had personally examined several individuals,
and had visited most of the workhouses. 'We are
..,.
nformed by a correspondent from that county, that a
;'... few days ago several of Mr. 'Walter's friends went
' . Amongst his constituents to ascertain their feelings.
',.. We believe they were sent by Mr. Walter himself.
Ile reports they received must have been such as to
•-• Account for his silence on the administration of the law
in his own county ; and we believe they would fully
account for his retirement. The Board of Guardians
of the Union of which he is an ex officio member sent
in an address in favour of the system which he has
opposed. We certainly think that the people of Berk-
shire, where the allowance system, the great evil which
so much corrupted the labouring classes, had its origin,
owe to the country some manifestation of zeal in its
• extirpation—some acknowledgment to the authors of
• their deliverance from the mischievous powers of the
Justices, and the operatiOn of a system founded on
. false and ruinous principles.—Morning Chronicle.
• With a full and well-founded confidence in the
4eneral results of the forthcoming election, and in the
„ventual triumph of the Constitution over all its foes,
whether open or insidious, we never have attempted
~,
.. '..0 disguise the plain truth—viz., that the battle can be
von no otherwise than by the most strenuous and un-
-' tired exertions of every loyal and honest man in the
,
community—exertions of influence, of person, and of
' purse. People have got into a ridiculous habit of ex-
0. a.ggerating the sums contributed by the Conserva-
, tree party for the purposes of election contests.
ft is true, no doubt, that there have from time to
time been subscriptions, local, partial, and mode-
rate in their amount. But of any general contribu-
,ion, or any large one, much less any in the
,lightest degree proportioned to the vast resources of
.T Ithe Conservative aristocracy, whether they be the
!ords of land or money, or any commensurate with
their incalculable stake in the issue of the contest, or
•, with their bounden duty to their country, as well as to
.‘,..1 heinsclves, their famihes, and their descendants, we
_, lave never heard, nor do we believe, that any
tllt4 .uc't proofs of the collective energy and sagacity of
To:ics, or of their aggregate sacrifices fur the great
caul? of the monarchy, hove er:l. yet existed. It is
, 61112, therefore, surely to begin—it is time, indeed, to
1
~,_ have completed the good work ere now--but, at all
Pleveats, time to lay a broad and solid foundation, and
i.:I
e 4.1
to provide funds sufficient for the legal expenses at-
0./tending whatever contests are not carried on by indi-
viduals' with abundant resources at their cwn disposal.
.4..l.s'Once commenced, the process need not he a long one.
. 7 i•)1 ' fhe spirit once displayed by some few leading indi-
.,
:-. vidulls will spread with unspeakable rapidity iii all
directions, and the success will be such as to astonish
,-..che friends of the cause, that the seeds of it had not
.`':)yen sown and the harvest reaped,wmuch sooner.
a Pressing as is the occasion everywhere, and in few
':, places :nary so than in and near this great metropolis,
I.vo. are bound to state that Ireland is the vulnerable

Zi. point, and that wl-.ereon the (greatest amount of evil
~,,I:nay be sustaine'l by t"e Protestant and !loyal cause,
;...but likewise, and for the same reason that, where by
~la judicious mixture of foresight and energy the greazest
F.l
rnass of evil may be averted. We are menaced by
i;:, 0 the organs of Popery in Ireland with a numerous ac-
0,
• cession of joints to the O'Connell tail. It is declared
"1
- that the Conservatives are to lose the Lord knows how
:: many seats, and that the Revolutionists are to ain
'. the i:. Now it depends, not on the Papist demagogues,
hut on the Conservatives themselves, to confirm or
.1
c-o falsify this valiant proclamation. We say deliberately
' to the Protestants and loyal Catholics of Ireland, that
the game is in their own hands. To play it well, and
to gain a signal triumph, requires but arrangement, a
,-; co-operation, some resolution, much activity, and
, little money. The late decision of the Irish Judges has
0 placed the 10/. franchise .n Ireland on such a footing,aml
made the law so clear and unequivocal on that sub-
ject, that the merest si.npleton of au elector can no
longer be embarrassed as to the validity or insufficiency
1
uf his qualification when called upon to explain it,
nor can any Committee of the House of Commons,
91 nowever factious, audacious, or corrupt, dare at any
*uture time to unsettle the solemn decision of the
:. judges. What, then, was that decision? In sub-
;: stance this—that, however a man's tenure of a piece
~ of land might be circumstanced, whatever rent he
1"
I, might pay, whether large or merely nominal, whether
he occupied fifty acres or only five, his interest in the
• land must be such, as in the opinion of sworn valua-
tors, or of a jury, a solvent tenant might, according
,1
.: to the state of the market, be justified as a prudent
• man in giving for it 101. per annum. Heretofore
an O'Connell voter, although he held but five acres,
n. any other small portion of laud, and paid for
, it a rent of 101. or 15/. per annum, had been used
to satisfy his own conscience and that of the regis-
tering barrister, by swearing that he estimated 'phis
nterest in the ground, subject as he was to that
enormous rent, at 101. or more per annum. Now, it is

jbvious to what numberless abuses and to what
flagi-
.ious perjuries such a reconstruction of the law of qua-
.ification exposed the electoral system throughout Ire-
and. It is manifest that a bit of land not in itself
North 20s. might in the shape of bribes for the vote of
,ts occupier produce to him more than 101. a year.
It is equally undeniable that he (the occupier) might
for various reasons, not of a nature to be made public,
attach a greater value than 101. a-year to the result of
An election, his vote on which depended on his posses-
,ion of his " bit of a potato garden." Nor is it less
:ertain that an unprincipled partisan, or if not wholly
inprincipled, one who looked to priestly absolution
Or such well-intentioned errors, would swear point
)lank to a downright falsehood, and put deliberately a
ictitious value on his premises, if he could thereby es-
tablish a right to swell the poll of an O'Connell candi-
late. All these abominations have now been swept away
)3/ the decision of the Irish judges. The claim to be
:ntered on the county registry must, if opposed, be
letermined
,by judgments less partial than that of the
:laimant himself ; and the consequence is, that about
one half of the multitude which, though really to that
!xtent composed of non-electors, have for the two last
Parliaments constituted the sham majority by which
he Irish tail were chosen, must henceforth, on petition
to the :House of Commons in case of a disputed re-
.urn, he struck off the poll, and the candidate having
n excess of genuine 101. voters must become the sit-
ing member. Well, then, how ought such a purifica-
'on of the false muster-roll of lush counties to be
,orked by the Conservatives of Ireland ? Clearly in

the manner following. Since is is notorious, that of
whole constituency of the kingdom, thus defined and
ascertained by the judges to be men of some pecuniary
independence, an immense majority are friends to their
lawful Sovereign, to the constitutional monarchy, and
to British connection, it is indispensable that an op-
portunity for the free and effective expression of such
sentiments should be afforded in every part of Ireland ;
and, therefore, that no county throughout the whole
island should be left to the tender mercies of the
priests and agitators without a bold and uncompro-
mising struggle. In the Protestant province of Ulster
we are satisfied to let things take their natural course ;
but in every other part of Ireland—Leinster, Munster,
and Connaught, the centre, south, and western divi-
sions of the island—the Conservative aristocracy and
gentry are insane if they leave one single county un-
contested. We speak on sound information, after calm
reflection, with a competent knowledge of men and of
localities before us ; and it is our firm persuasion, that
if the Protestant and Roman Catholic Conservatives
deem it worth while to rescue Ireland from O'Con-
nell, the prize is within reach of them, and this
moment is the time. Let meetings of Conser-
vatives be held in every county of Ireland, having
communication with a central Committee in Dublin,
as a medium of communication, rather than a board
assuming authority or direction. The central Com-
mittee and the county Committees may one and all
be formed within a week from this very day. The
choice of candidates and the summons to electors may,
if the proper spirit be at work, hardly cause more de-
lay than the lighting of a signal fire. Conservative Ire-
land is already well organized for peaceful purposes,
and its internal relations thoroughly understood, such
a power can be put into immediate action. With
regard to money, an average pittance of 4001. per
county will amply suffice for the object aimed at, which
is, to induce independent Conservative voters to attend
the poll, at their own cost, and let the return be as ad-
verse as it will, to lay the grounds of a petition to
Parliament. We repeat that the insignificant sum
above mentioned of 400/. per county—nay, we know
not whether more than half the sum would, in some
cases be required—will, with certain collateral means,
connected more with management than with money,
effectually paralyze the monster of Popish agitation,
and send back the tail between its master's legs, instead
of making with it a foul and indecent exhibition on the
benches of the House of Commons. There are no less
than 21 Irish counties wherein this experiment might
and ought to be made without an hour's hesitation, and
in every one of which it would insure a certain portion
of success. No matter under what auspices or in what
spirit the return might be made, the majority of good
votes capable of standing the tert of a petition would in
so many instances be in favour of the loyal candidate
as to yield the agitator but a melancholy prospect
of finally earning for himself, at the hands of a corrupt
Minister, the same amount of Irish patronage as the
now undiminished list of his retainers has secured for
him since Lord Melbourne came, in 1835, into office.
We here subjoin a list of the counties. If the Noble-
men and Gentlemen of Ireland are serious and earnest
in their wish to save themselves, and to perplex and
harrass the public enemy, they will take the hints we
offer them. If otherwise, they are self-doomed, and
merit, not sympathy, but contempt. The truth would
by our scheme of action be laid bare to the whole
world, that not only are the projects of the Agitator
lawless, but that the very majority which has been
his instrument for promoting them is an illegal
majority, elected by those who have usurped the
franchise, and in defiance of those by whom alone
it can he lawfully exercised. If, we repeat, the
gentlemen of Ireland will not use their own arms
for the protection of all that they pretend to
prize, England must take care of herself, and
no loneer calculate on them for sincere or useful allies.
But we do hope for better things. The counties to be
put in movement are as follows :—Carlow, Clai e, Cork,
Dubin, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, King's,
County, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo,
Meath, Queens County, Roscommon, Tipperary,
Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford. There are many
of these which it is known will be carried, on the re-
turn itself, or, as surgeons say, " by the first inten-
tion ;" but in all there is the fairest probability on
petition. There are constituents enough of the right
sort to do the business ; there may be—we trust there
is not—elsewhere a want of pluck. This opportunity
lost, when will there be another ?—Tinies.
Never was there an election which involved more
deeply the destiny of Great Britain than that which is
approaching involves it. By the result of the pending
struggle the fate of the empire will be as much, if not
more influenced than it was by that which preceded
the passing of the Reform Act. That Act in itself
was a decided recognition of a most important princi-
ple, but the practical benefits to be derived from that
principle are still, in many respects, in abeyance, and
the appeal which is now about to be made to the coun-
try must decide whether these benefits are to be inde-
finitely deferred, or at once brought into operation. We
are aware that whatever may be the result of the elec-
tions, and whatever may be the success of party intrigues
in and out of Parliament, there must be great and ex-
tensive concessions made to popular claims ; but if these
concessions be made in a fraudulent spirit, or through
an unwilling and hostile instrumentality, they may
either be indirectly marred of their effect, or made sub-
servient to the attainment of public confidence by the
undeserving, and the consolidation of a spurious reform
party, composed of ail the Tories, and of all that is
base amongst those calling themselves Liberals. It
is a favourite practice with the Tories to amuse the
nation with words, while they aim the most deadly
blow at its rights and interests. Catholic emancipa-
tion was granted under a Tory Administration com-
posed of inen who had been its most inveterate op-
ponents. This Act, like the Reform Act, was in
itself little else than the admission of a principle—a
mere abstract proposition, unless followed up by some
tangible sequences ; and, yet, when any measure in-
volving the practical adoption of its great principle--
civil and religious equality---be proposed to the Le-
gislature—the Irish Municipal Reform Bill for in-
stance—the men who were the fraudulent instruments
of effecting a just Act, are they who most violently
oppose its most obvious deductions. The old shib-
boleths of bigotry and intolerance—" Church in
danger" and " no Popery," supposed to he laid for
ever by the Catholic Relief Bill—are again revived in
all their rabid animosity. It is true, the Duke of
Wellington has recently discovered that the ad-
mission of Roman Catholics to the Corporations of
Ireland is not, as his party has represented it, equi-
valent to the establishment of Popish ascendancy, and
therefore his Grace is, as he states, willing that Mu-
nicipale Corporations should be established in Ireland
on
elective principle. We are gratified to per-
ceive his Grace—as on more than one previous.occa-
sion has deemed it "expedient"
_ to do—acknowledging
his error ; but this tardy acknowledgment is another
proof of his incapacity as a Statesman ; for if it be
imieecaessusarerynftoßthefenrtnac,cofmnrpltihslesmneanttinnof
to of
lutionary excitement, in order to convince its
enemies
of what is necessary to its interests, there must be an
betweent s tnhfe t
hgeo
ev
ne
trnnme du
nai
tnydrn the
gi notveer
rmniontasb, 1 ea
nd struggleall
the
remain unstable and insecure. Now, therefore, is
the time for the nation to show its devotion to Liberal
principles, and to secure the practical operation of
those which have served as the basis of the present
Ministry, and to which her most gracious and beloved
Majesty has most patriotically pledged herself.--
Morning Advertiser.
The Whigs are crafty in their generation. If God
and nature have denied them the talents necessary for
governing with credit and honour a great empire, it
cannot be disputed that they have an abundance of
that low cunning which furnishes them with an inex-
haustible supply of dishonest expedients to advance
their own fortunes under cover of a fraudulent patriot-
ism and a hypocritical liberality. Their newest and
greatest expedient at the present time to enable them
to retain power by obtaining a majority at the ensuing
general election, is to describe all those who oppose the
Ministers, with their Irish head and their Irish tail, as
" opponents of the Queen." This expedient may appear
to them to be monstrously clever, but to us it appears to
be exceedingly absurd, and incapable of producing the
effect of adroit deception upon any reasonable mind,

If the Queen be really the friend and patroness of
destructives, who view with malignant feelings all
the institutions of the Monarchy—if her Majesty be
really disposed to assist such persons in accomplishing
the destruction of those institutions which they hate,
and thereby removing the bulwarks of the Throne it-
self— if she wishes the most venerated establishments
of the country to be broken down by the political
Vandals who long to deprive the Crown of its most
precious jewels, and to lay the altars of the national
religion in the dust—then, indeed, it may with truth
be said that the opponents of the Melbourne-O'Con-
nell Administration, and its projects, are the " op-
ponents of the Queen." If, on the other hand,
Victoria has uttered the words of sincerity when
she expressed her determination to uphold the Pro-
testant reformed religion, as by law established—
if she meant not to deceive when she declared that
she had had been brought up to love and respect
the Constitution, under which name are included all
those venerable establishments that the 'Whig-radical
faction would destroy, then indeed it may with truth
be said that the opponents of the Melbourne-O'Con-
nell Administration are the loyal subjects—the zealous
supporters of the Queen. Their triumph at the next
election will be her triumph. It will overthrow the
faction that would erect a democratic tyranny over the
Crown and the people. Let, then, the Conservatives
come forward boldly and energetically on behalf of the
Queen and the Constitution. Let them rally round
the banner of the constitutional monarchy, with which
the interests of the Queen, as well as the liberties of
the people, are identified. On their exertions, under
Providence, now depend the stability of the British
throne, the ancient rights and freedom of the British
people, and the glory and prosperity of this great
empire.—Morning Herald.
We yesterday urged upon the attention of Conser-
vatives that in the contests for the representation of
the people which may take place at the approaching
general election there is not for them, within the boun-
daries of Great Britain, any such thing as a forlorn
hope. There is not, we now repeat, a single county,
city, or borough, in which they may not make exer-
tions with a reasonable probability of success. We
pass by the counties, cities, and boroughs which are
already secured to the Conservative cause ; for such
places there are candidates enough and to spare, and
happily the number of such places is sufficient to
make it already quite certain that in the next House
of Commons the Conservatives will be a more power-
ful phalanx than they were in the last. Our cham-
pions must come into action where the contest
seems doubtful ; and we can assure them that there
are very few counties, cities, or boroughs in
Great Britain in which, after their first appear-
ance, it will seem doubtful any longer. We are hear-
ing every day of places in which a few weeks ago no-
body imagined that the present Radical representatives
could be disturbed, and in which nevertheless the re-
turn of one, if not two, Conservative candidates is now
certain. There is East Worcestershire, for instance.
Some time ago a few excellent and very sober-
minded men, with whom we are acquainted, under-
took the task of going through the representation
of the United Kingdom, for the purpose of ascertain-
ing, from the best information they could collect, what
would be the chance of gain or loss to the Conserva-
tive party in the event of a new election. Of the ge-
neral result of their labour we need only say that
it was, as indeed it could not fail to be, favour-
able to the Conservative cause. Yet these men,
actuated by an earliest desire to arrive at the
truth, or to reach it as nearly as possible, left
East Worcestershire on the black side of their
balance sheet, as a part of the representative
power of Great Britain in respect to which no hope
could reasonably be entertained of tffccting any favour-
able change. And what is the position of that impor-
tant district at the present moment ? The present
Whig-Radical Members are gone ; and two excellent
Conservative Members are certain of being substituted
for them. Of the success of Mr. St. Paul and Mr.
Burnaby there is now, we understand, not the least
doubt. To this result one of the present Members
has no doubt contributed very powerfully by his own
conduct. We allude to Mr. Holland. He obtained
Ike suffrages of the constituency under the mask of
a Conservative Whig, and was no sooner seated
than he became a rank Radical and Revolutionist.
S 3 far (lid his insane Radicalism carry him, that in
a speech made in the county he directed the brand
of the incendiary to the rickyard of the farmer, as
a means by which the poor might fairly seek ven-
geance and redress for the injuries which he told
them they suffered. This speech, combined with the
extreme opinions which he expressed upon all occa-
sions, has cost him his seat. He had seen the Minis-
ters of the King coalesce with Mr. O'Connell, and this
was, in his weak judgment, a signal that he could not
he too much of an incendiary, if he meant to be in
unison s‘ith the spirit of the age. The electors of East
Worcestershire are about to teach him—as the electors
of Great Britain in general are about to teach the Ad-
ministration which he too slavishly followed—that this
spirit is none of theirs. They abhor incendiaries ; they
abhor O'Connell ; if they do not abhor the Ministers
of the Crown in their bosoms, for the alliances they
have formed, the principles they have inculcated, the
examples they have set, it is only because they
despise them too much to leave any room for abhor-
rence. The other Member for East Worcestershire
is less odious to the honest and intelligent electors of
that division of the county than his half American
and ultra-Radical colleague. But, nevertheless, in all
justice he onght to share the fate of his colleague;
and assuredly he will share it, for he has not withheld
his sanction from the conduct and language of that
colleague, but, solai:iikbe- dared, has imitated both.
We notice the above instance as one out of many
which might be adduced, to show that, even where
hope of success has heretofore been least entertained,
no effort should be omitted. We believe that there
are many Whig-Radical Members in the present
House of Commons who have as repeatedly and se-
riously, if not so outrageously, as Mr. Holland, of-
fended the judgment, the feelings, and the conscience
of all the respectable portion of their constituents.
Mr. Holland and his Whig colleague will, we are
informed by good authority, be beaten at the ap-
proaching election by a majority ten times as large as
that which, at the last election, gave them their seats.
—Morning Post.

The number of passengers by the Greenwich rail-
road on Sunday was upwards of twelve thousand.

ATROCIOUS MURDER.--A Contemporary's Cor-
respondent furnishes the following account :—" It is an an-
cient custom, the origin and meaning of which au unknown,
for the Catholic peasantry in Ireland to light fires' on the
eve of St. John, and in some places on that of St.. Peter
likewise, and to dance around them. On the night of
last Wednesday, being the eve of the latter festival, t num-
ber of young persons, not exceeding twelve, were seated
near a bonfire on the mountain of Mullyash, in the county
of Monaghan, laughing and conversing together after
the toil of the day. The greater number of the present
were children. Some men approached, but not close enough
to be distinguished ; and having surveyed the merry group for
some minutes from a higher part of the mountain, poured a
murderous volley in upon them. Two lads, Michael and
Peter Devine, of the respective ages of twenty and ten, Were
shot dead, and two others, their brothers, aged fourteen
and fifteen, wounded, one of them dangerously. The
assassins then disappeared ; as yet the guilt of this
most devilish deed has not been traced to any one.
The master of an Orange Lodge and his servant are
in custody on suspicion. In the house of the former two
stands of arms and a dagger were discovered, which were
in his possession without being registered. This circum-
stance, unless corroborated by proofs more distinct and rela-
tive, signifies little in a country where all the Orangemen are
armed, unauthorised, and in defiance of the law, having, in.
deed, been exhorted by their superiors to provide them-
selves universally with weapons of offence. The un-
happy father of the sufferers is a farmer, much respected
and liked by all classes of his neighboars, and his boys,
obbfoeuwtrhhetoom he is thus cruelly bereaved, were inoffensive,
slightest
well-disp oges
keep
pdt
e,
as t ar
ondodof
uindustrioustheir
epl aapdreesr,ns
otwc
isheohbeuya
head.
s whom
eodTmhbtebyr
iest heirucnapn
unpro-
voked oao
Ist
tee
ategno
bsv
pa-
trollingtoerkee beu dge
tffm,
strength on
murder et rbdbewyi s
government
e2pi
ett
preparatory
adeotnfo atrjryuefl
toey; Orangemen,
thethAeepriepnwrteaehrneddbeosd w whoif
2nwos
heoeroief btthe
s
villains ; and the police, under Major Roberts, are unremit-
ting in their endeavours to detect them.

Mr. Ball, in this town, had on Tuesday last a swarm
of bees, from a hive in his possession. On Thursday a " cast"
proceeded from the same hive, and on Friday, a "colt." So
that apart from the technical terms employed by the Bee.mas-
ters—there have been three swarms from one hive within four
d a vs. —Northampton Chronicle.

PUBLIC OPENING OF THE GRAND

JUNCTION RAILWAY.

This railway, which unites the town of Birmingham with
Manchester and Liverpool, and which, in conjunction with the
Birmingham railway, will eventually form a direct railway
communication with London, was yesterday opened for the con-
veyance of passengers. The railway is 84 miles in length. It
commences in Curzon-street, Birmingham, at the station ad-
joining that of the London and Birmingham railway, and
passes by or near Wednesbury, Walsall, Dudley, Bilston,
Wolverhampton, Penkridge, Stafford, Stone, Eccleshall, New-
castle, the Potteries, Nantwich, Sandbach, Middlewick, &c.,
to Warrington, terminating at Newton, on the Liverpool and
Manchester railway, by which it communicates with Liverpool
and Manchester. The distance from Birmingham to those
places is 97i miles.
The railway was sufficiently finished by the Ist of June,
to eneble the Directors to make their first experimental
trip ; and accordingly a party consisting of H. Earle, Esq.,
J. Ewart, Esq., J. Hornby, Esq., N. Roskell, Esq., N. D.
Bold, Esq., the Directors ; Mr. Chorley, the Treasurer, W.
Earle, Esq., Mayor of Liverpool, L. Heyworth, Esq., G.
Lawrence, Esq., D. Neilson, Esq., N. Roskell, sen., Esq.,
Rev. Mr. Ewart, Rev. Mr. Hurnby, E. D. Falkner, Esq., and
several other gentlemen started from Liverpool at eight o'clock
in the morning. As a matter of course, there were a
number of stoppages on the road ; but the actual time taken
up in the journey from Liverpool to Wolverhampton was only
throe hours and a half. The distance is 83k miles. Several
other excursions have since been made, and the Directors
seemed determined, by the hazard of their own persons, as far
as possible to remove any apprehension of danger. On Sa-
turday a large party went from Liverpool to Birmingham, re-
turning on Sunday, and another party made a similar trip on,
Monday. The carriages are superb; everything in the shape
of elegance is to be found in those belonging to the first class.
The second class carriages are of a similar conartuction, and
wholly enclosed ; the only distinction being, that the second
class carriages are without linings. The first class carriages
are painted chocolate, and on the pannels are emblazoned
the arms of the three towns which the railway is intended to
unite. The ordinary carriages carry eighteen passengers.
The mail coaches have accommodation for four passengers
in each copartment ; and a bed is provided for those
who choose to bear the extra charge—a sovereign—
for that addition to railway travelling. Each train is
accompanied by a conductor, who is responsible for all the
fares taken on the road, and two guards. The first-named
officer sits inside the front carriage of the train ; the others
ride outside. The arrangements at the station in Lime-street
were of the same nature as those so successfully adopted by the
Manchester and Liverpool company. Each seat had its par-
ticular number, which was occupied by the passengers in the
order in which their places were taken. At half-past six
o'clock the first train was fairly under weigh. By some
strange oversight no lamps were provided, and the passage
through the tunnel running under the town of Liverpool—a
distance of a mile and a quarter, was done in total darkness ;
it was only a suspense of four minutes, and the passengers
were enlivened on their way by the cheers of some of the
workmen who had been suffered, rather incautiously, to hang
on the steps of the carriages. A loss of ten minutes occurred
at the top of the tunnel owing to several gentlemen there join.
ing the train. At a quarter to seven o'clock, the " Dr. Dal-
ton" engine, built by Messrs. Sharpe, Roberts, and Co., of
Manchester, took the train in tow. In less than 20 minutes
the train, without the assistance of any extra engine, was at
the top of the Rainhill inclined plane, distant nine Tiles from
Liverpool. The three miles level and the Rainhill descent
was performed with unusual rapidity. In 28 minutes from
leaving the Edge-hill station, the train had reached the end of
the Liverpool line at the Newton junction—the distance per-
formed in that short space of time being 141 miles. The
Manchester train of three carriages fell in behind it, having
arrived at the junction almost at the same moment as the train
from Liverpool.
From this point a rather more modulated scale of travelling
was adopted, for caution sake. But, notwithstanding, the
trains arrived at the first stopping place, Warrington, distant
9i miles, at 25 minutes past seven, the precise time laid down
in the programme issued by the Directors. Here the two trains
were attached, and, on again starting, were propelled by one
engine only—the Dr. Dalton.
Owing to the Manchester engine having to be detached from
that train, some five minutes were lost in the operation.
On leaving Warrington, a most delightful line of country
was presented to the eye, while to the engineer the works
forming the railway itself were an object of admiration. The
bridge of the river Mersey, and embankments on either side,
was the first object that attracted attention. The railway next
passes through some deep cuttings on an ascent to Preston
Brook. The cutting then becomes deeper, owing to the line of
running under the Duke of Bridgewater's canal. The view
from the viaduct over the Weare is beautiful. The viaduct
itself consists of 20 arches, and is one of the finest erections
of that kind extant. When viewed from the coach road to
Northwich, it calls forth the admiration of all beholders. Pass-
ing the scat of the late Mr. Green, the line proceeds under
Hodge-lane to Hartford. The workmen on the way were
crowded by labourers, who displayed various flags, and loudly
cheered the train on its passing. It arrived at the second stop-
ping place, Hartford, at five minutes past eight o'clock, the
distance performed by that time being 31:1 miles. There is a
handsome bridge at this station, and the cutting is about 33
feet deep. The stoppage here occupied three minutes. The
road on either side of the Hartford Bridge is on the descent.
At the end of the cutting, Vale Royal, one of the prettiest
valleys in England, suddenly bursts on the eye. Lord Dela-
mere's mansion is about three-quarters of a mile distant from
the road, and the line passes through a considerable por-
tion of that Noble Lord's estate. The railroad then proceeds
through the rural districts of Cheshire, and to the passenger
there is little to call forth attention until it reaches the level
leading into Crewe, which is 11 miles in length. The first por-
tion of this stage was performed rather slowly, owing to the
stiffness of the rails, and the steam having been reduced by taking
in water. The train reached Crewe at three minutes to nine
o'clock, and was received with a hearty welcome by a large
concourse of spectators collected together upon the occasion.
There were several parties in carriages front Macclesfield,
Congleton, Sandbach, and the neighbourhood. Crewe is 43+
miles distant from Liverpool; it is the third station on the
line. The train left there at five minutes past nine o'clock,
about half an hour beyond the time fixed. There is a shed
built for an extra engine, to assist in propelling the train up
the Madelay inclined plane. As yet no engine is assigned
to that duty. The rise at the summit is 1 in 180. At half-
past nine o'clock the train passed the station-house. The
down train was met at Whitmore Heath, fifty-four miles and
a quarter from Liverpool. A few minutes afterwards, accord-
tug to Birmingham time, it reached there at the half-hour
exactly. It ought to have arrived at 55 minutes past eight
o'clock, so that the Birmingham as well as the Liverpool train
were about half an hour behind the proper time. The Bir-
mingham train carried the London mail of the previous even-
ing. The apparatus for supplying the engine with water was
in an unfinished state, and considerable delay was thereby oc-
casioned. It left Whitmore at 20 minutes to 10 o'clock. We
ought not to omit to mention the Madeley plane was ascended
pith great facility. The descent from Whitmore was per-
formed with astonishing velocity, so much so as to render writ-
ing this account of the opening of the railroad in the car-
riage, as it proceeded, an exceedingly toilsome duty. The 1
mile from the 58-mile stone, or rather board, was done in 2
minutes—so much for railway travelling.
At the Penkridge station we met the mixed train, which left
Birmingham at half-past eight o'clock. It had taken its de-
parture from the station house at half-past ten, having done
the twenty-four miles in two hours.
The Wolverhampton station is about a mile distant from the
town ; an immense crowd was here collected to meet the
train, which arrived there at five minutes to eleven o'clock.
A number of men were employed in keeping the populace off
the rails, so as to avoid the occurrence of any accident. After
taking in coke and water the train started again. After pass-
ing through a short tunnel we entered a deep cutting, the banks
on both sides of which were quite covered with spectators.
Proceeding onwards down a slight declivity, the crowd was so
dense as to occasion the road-men some difficulty in clearing a
passage for the train. The shrill and peculiar whistle of the
engine gave full and satisfactory warning to the populace. Some,
however, more daring than others, continued to stand in the
centre of the rails until a second or two before the train passed
along. The several bridges passing over the railroad each
accommodated its hundreds of human beings. From Wolver-
hampton to Birmingham a general helyday appeared to
be observed, and the scene was highly interesting both
to the observed and the observers. Tents were pitched in
several fields, and parties given by the respective tenants in
honour of the day. The weather was extremely beautiful,
and the freedom from dust which exists on railways is another
' interesting feature connected with that branch of mechanics.
The Newton-road station was passed at twenty minutes past
eleven o'clock, and the train again entered on some deep cut-
tings, extending about half a mile in length. Between this
and Birmingham we passed another train. The Liverpool
train was at the moment proceeding with great rapidity—in-
deed that observation applies generally to the whole distance
on the Birmingham aide of Crewe.
At half-past 11 o'clock the train arrived at its destination all
safe, and without an accident.

MAILS BY THE GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY.

In consequence of the opening of the Grand Junction Rail-
way, great alterations have taken place in the arrival and de-
parture of some of the mails. The following is a correct list
of the arrival and departure of the following mails :
On and after Thursday, the 6th July, 1537, bags will be sent
from this office at the following hours, viz. :

At 6. 20. a. m. (letters to be posted before 6 a. m.) for
Warrington, Preston Brook, Northwich, Middlewich, Nant-
wicb, Congleton, Newcastle, Market Drayton, Stafford,
Penkridge, Wolverhampton, Walsall, and Birmingham ; and
on Tuesdays and Fridays a foreign bag to London.
At 11. 20. a. m. (letters to be posted before 11 a. m.) for
Warrington, Stafford, Wolverhampton, and Birmingham.
At 2. 20. p.m. (letters to be posted before 1. 45. p.m.). for
Prescot, Warrington, Preston Brook, Northwich, Nliddlesvtch,
Nantwicb, Newcastle, Eccleshall, Stone, Stafford, Penkridge,
Wolverhampton, Walsall, Birmingham, Bristol, Towcester,
Northampton, and London.
At 6. 20. p.m. (letters tobe posted before 6. p.m.) for War-
rington, Stafford, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, and London.
And at 11. 40. a.m. bags will be received from the same
places as sent at 6. 20. a.m., and also from Eccleshall, Stone,
Towcester, and Northampton, London, Bristol, Exeter, and
Falmouth, except Market Drayton, and Congleton.
At 4. 10. p.m., from the same places as sent at 11. 20.
a.m., and also from Prescot, Wigan, Chorley, Preston, Lan-
caster, Carlisle, Edinburgh, and. Glasgow.
At 7. 10. p.m. from the same places as sent at 2. 20, p.m ,
except Eccleshall, Stone, and London,

CORK MARKETS.—JuIy 1.
Whert (per 205t.)...22s Ad. to 265. 041.1 Oats (per l4st.) 105.641. to 13.4. 6cl
Barley (per 165 t.)... 9 6 13 9 1 Flour ,:per cwt.) 6 0 19 0
Oatmeal (per cwt.) lO5. Od. to I6s. Od.
Reef, 4d. to tsd. • Mutton, 4d. to G.I. ; Ve3l, 4d. t, ;
York, 44. to 41. ; Fresh nutter, 10d. to 11d, per lb.
Pales OF BUTTER.
To the Merchants.

Fir.st Quality
5e0611,1
'Third
Fourth
Firth
Sixth