The Sun.
London, England, 1830-12-09 00:00:00

SEA-BORNE COALS.

Mr. WILKS, in presenting a petition from Boston,
preying fur an abolition of the duty on Seaborne Coals,
asked whether it was the intention of Government to re-
duce or altogether abolish the tux complained of by the
petitioners.
Mr. SPRING BICE said he was nut at present pre-
pared to give an answer. He did not wish to pledge the
Government prematurely, either in giving an answer in
the affirmative or negative. Ministers must have time al-
lowed them for consideration.

Sir 'l'. D. ACLAND gave notice of a motion, that if
the Hon. Member for Limerick abandoned his intention,
he would himself bring the question forward.
Mr. CALCRAFT feired that the puttlio would gain
little by the repeal of the duty, in consequence of the
monopoly of the great coal-owners. _

After a few words from General GASCOYNE, Sir 11.
BATIROON, Mr. O'CONNELL, and Mr. linowNLow,

Sir M. W. RIDLEY said that the competition amongst
the coal-owners would prevent the monopoly which was
so unreasonably apprehended.
The petition was then brought up and ordered to be
printed.
The hour for proceeding to the Orders of the Day hav-
ing arrived, the Howse resolved itself into a Committee
upon the Colonial Acta Validity Dill, when, on the motion
of Lord llowroc, a clause was introduced rendering the
Art pro►pective in reference to all future demises of the
Crown.

The House then rotimed, the report was received and
ordered to he taken into further consideration on Friday
next,

Mr. WILKS presented a petition from the Congregation
assembling at St. George's chapel, Cork ; horn Falmouth,
Bromledge, Sutterton, Aldermanbury, and Sedgley, against
Negro Slavery.
The Order having been disposed of, the Petition List
was resumed.

The first name called by the Speaker was O'GORMAN
MAHON, who ►uid that in coni,equence of a cominunica.
tinn made to him by the Hon. Member for Limerick, that
cireumitances rendered it desirable that the presentations
of more petitions should riot take place that day, he, in
compliance, would poitpone the presentation of those be
held until to-morrow evening.

Air. EGERTON presented similar petition 3 from Tlq-
pawling and I‹,tintsford ; from Stockport against the East
India IVlonopoly, and front Congleton against the Truck
System.

Lord ASHLEY presented a petition from Dorchester
against Negro Slavery.
Sir WILLIAM HAE brought iu a it to alter and
4tttentl the Law of Infeuftmeuts (Scotland). It was read
a firbt time, and ordered to be read a second time on the
Dith of February.
Mr. LECH! KECK presented a petition from MI-Ailey
against the House and Window Tux.--To lie on the table.

71/Ir. KENNEDY brOUght in his three Rills for altering
the Lew of Entail in Scotland, which were read a first
One, and ordered to be read a second time Oit the 10th of
February.
The first report of the Commissioners of Colonial
quiry was presented iry Mr. limit, and ordered to be printed.
Adjourned at a Quarter past Six o'clock.

PERSONAL MEMOIRS Or PRVSE GORDON,
addition to a fund of anecdotes of Royalty, end
the Ariato:racy, contained in this work will be found new
and lively 4kt:to:hes of tbo following distitiguisw
tere, literary, dramatic, C. 140. ;-I,ord Rvapw—sir
w.A.pritn Sgprp—nr. JOHNSON-4)r. Ilunuity,...lirofes-
sae Porthou-,the lots. Mr. i'LlutY.—Joriu Pitit,porr
Cu eA, u.—.PEr if. IL Flat; glilir"--"WitN it ...BA WrtIJ,OZZI...
Ur r.zusr—lituvrtruxo t.'nuTri;l4,llE,c K.
got r).— General Nu° XXl'...-001. Er.r.Ev—
Onteisnoitourisr...-.I3aNTI-..NALDI--.lialtTlllOTTI..-CA.
TALANI,...IIO)OO KRAHILE,4OIiN Ban-
NISTXIa...Mni,* 41PPY$14 C.
SUNDAY SciioßLs IN tifiEAT BRITAIN.
--There art. at 10414 one mipiuu and a quarter of taltabtra
belonging to Sioulay Paiosals jn the United Kingdow, and
taking the population IA tweatPolle millions, that will
give one child to Stindey schools out of 400117 port„„
of the population. The iiYersge expense of conducting a
guntiersahooi of goO oitildren is about lieu pound* per
annum for, Ithsuris anti ',talks, if isurehmagi at the Sand ,y
School Union . Depository, anti about lb/
perannual Cur
rent, the chief part of which *tuna ere, i„ trust cared,
contributed by the teachers ilientseless, in addition to their
gratuitous labours. Sa that a child t'au be inatractain
a Stintlay stilool for :le,

LONDON,
THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 9, ISM.

We cannot compliment the Duke of WELLINGTON
on the good taste or sagacity displayed in his remarks
last night in the House of Lords on the subject of
the Trade Societies' public procession to Saint
James's. We should have imagined that such a
topic would have been the lust he would have
touched upon—that the very term " procession',
would have sounded as hateful to his ear as the
name of " MORTIMER" to those of HENRY the

Fourth. But de gustibus non est disputandum;
there is no accounting for taste. His Grace pro-
bably thinks that the disappointment to which he
subjected the citizens is among the most brilliant
achievements of his life; and that the memorable 9th
of November—for memorable it is, vud ever will be,
in the annals of political imbecility—is worthy to
vie with the equally immortal 18th of June.

Brussels Papers have been received; they state
that the King of HOLLAND observed to Mr. CART-
WRIGHT, that his Allies had solemnly guaranteed
to him the sovereignty of the Netherlands, and
that if abandoned by them, be would defend
himself alone to the last extremity. We know not
what reliance is to be placed on these observations;
they have a very braggadocio air about them :
itaussets, Dac. 6.—Lord Punsonby, envoy from
England to the National Congress, passed through Ghent
yesterday morning, on his way to Brussels.
Sir Charles bigot, the English Ambassador At the
Hague, is recalled by his Court.
A British Cabinet messenger passed through this city
last night, or► his way from London to Vienna, with de-
spatches.

The Central Section, in its sitting on the 4th, decided
on the establishment of a Senate On the following condi-
tions :—The Senators shall be chosen by the Chief of the
State, out of a triple list, prescribed by a certain class of '
electors. The number of Senators shall be limited : they
shall be appointed for life : their number shall be at least
40—,t most 100. To be a Senator it shall be required to
jOty taxes to the amount of 1,000 florins. The Senators
shall he 35 years of age: they shall receive no salary in
compensation. The Senate cannot be dissolved. The
Senators shall have the initiative, saving the exctption re-
lative to the liMa and the finances, and the contingent of
the army, as laid down in the project of the Constitution.
The candidates to the rank of Senator may be elected
out of the province in which they reside.
The Tribunal of Louvain, on the 4th of this month,
acquitted Messrs. Poot and Vandershalten, accused of
insulting the Er-King.
A letter from the Hague says, the Second Chamber of
the States General, after the discussion of the law relative
to the Militia for 1831, will adjourn for two months.
By the King's ord,r, Generals Bylands, Aberson, and
Hautier, are put on their trial before the flight Military
Court, on account of their conduct during the events at
Brussels.

Senor Valdez, Chief of the Staff, coining from the Pyre-
nees, has arrived at Brussels. It is said that he is come
on a mission to Juan Van listen, with whom he passed
several hours, and immediately set out again for Paris. If
the object of his mission is to ask the assistance of the brave
Belgian volunteers, he must at least wait till the affairs of
Belgium are completely settled.
M. Van de Weyer has set out, or will set out to-day,
for England, on a mission it is said of the highest im-
portance.
At4Twiar, Due. 6.—Mr. Ellerrnan is not yet come
hack. Mr. Cartwright passed through this city )ester-
day afternoon, on his return from the Hague, where the
result of his mission has nut been such as was hoped.

•
:King William' is stated to have an wend, among other
things, to the•observations of Mr. Cartwright on the non
execution of the • armistice:--"-My allies have soletnnly
Ku:mu:teed to me the sovereignty 01 the Netherlando. If
they'abandon me, 1 will defend myself alone to the last
extremity, end will never suffer any communication be
iwaen the faithful proeinces and those that have rebelled."
:We lid not answer for the correctness of these words
but they'faithfly
representen: Friday to 1.1
o theK*Ksh i O were very
answer.g
Theee'eeill eiPielirt where by the Dutch : only one was allowed to
610, but he was soon ordered to return on board his
ulho
vessel, and quit the road immediately. They returned
hare yesterday,-delighted at having been able to quit a port
which they lately visited With so much pleasure.
A pretty considerable number of •persons came to-day
to the gates of the Exchange, while the merchants were
there, to ask for work.
13ausset.s, Dec. 'r.--Lord Ponsonby has arrived at
Brussels.
It is said that Mr. Certwright is to go as envoy to the
German Diet, where the question of Belgium will be dis-
cussed.
A letter from the frontiers of Austria of Nov. 21 says,
that a corps of Q 6,000 or 80;000 Austrian troops is on the
march to the frontiers of Bavaria. Some persons believe
that part 'of this corps, with an equal number of troops of
,nnther German power, will occupy the Grand Duchy of
Luxembourg. •
Letters 'from. Switzerland contradict the report that
7,000 Swiss were going to he taken into the pay of the
King of Holland.

NATIONAL CONGRESS.
srentut 0V 'ma 6rtt 01' DECIMDEtt.
Li, 01'14 Sitting, on a motion of. M. Ilob.ntlx. some
wtaiemente Were made by on the destitute condition of
the volunteers. In scone instances they have had no pay
or allowances for two months I they are encamped in
right Of the enemy in unwholesome -marshes, in wane of
clothes and even of arms, for In some places. Itio men Nati
net 1110r0 than 40 muskets.
Legrelle made the following motion
.. The National Congress *lull invite the Provisional

Government to communicate immediately the result of M.
Cartwright's mission to the Hague."
In support of his motion, ho said, I have this morning
.nrived from Antwerp. I there learnt that the pilots sent
to Flushing to negoCiatti the passage of the Scheldt had re-
turned without obtaining any thing. 1 learnt yesterday
evening that Mr. Cartwright, returning from the Hague,
had stoppeitin the city to dine, but had let nothing tran-
spire respecting the result of his mission. It was said
yesterday evening that Holland is prosecuting with vigour
its preparations fix• attack.
M. Legrelles' motion was agreed to.

The Canada, New York packet ship, has arrived
from New York with most important intelligence
from Colombia. Accounts by way of Jamaica had
Feuded ,there from Carthagetia, which announce x
new revolution in Colombia,'und the te-appointment-
of.Bot.tvAß as President. On the 18th September
he issued u Proclamation at Carthagena, declaring
his acceptance of the call of many of the people to
quit his retirement and fulfil his duties us a soldier,
in assisting to free, the country from the alarming
desolation which threatened it. , He was to set out.
for °cane about the Ist of October. His pavtizans,
it appears, took possession of Bogota on the 28th
August, after a severe engagement, in which the
troops of the then acting Government were defeated,
with a loss of 22 offiCers and 218 men killed and
wounded, and 40 officers and 532 men prisoneri..
The following, is an extract of a letter from Car-
: t hagena
" The star of Bolivar is again in the ascendant, and
once more has he assumed the reins of Govitnment.—
The divisions existing among his opponents, and the de-
'terrnined firmness of his friends, has led to thia result;
but the great purpose has not been accomplished without
much bloodshed, near 300 men having been killed and,
wuuniled in the battle of the 28th of August, which de-
cided the fate of the Republic. A number of officers of
the adverse party have been made prisoners, and it is sup-
posed their punishment will be confined to banishment.
,The merchants and the inhabitants generally rejoice in the
result; and it is to be hoped that the destruction which is
fast depopulating the country, and has nearly destroyed
commerce, will now cease." •

The question that is asked the most generally,
and perhaps the most justly, at the present crisis,
is,—what steps can the Government take to allay
permanently the destructive spirit manifested by so
many of the lower orders, and to prevent a recur-
rence of the tumultuous outrages with which pro-
perty has been lately visited in this country ? This
is a consideration of the most urgent and fearful
importance ; and although it is probable that when
the Special Commissions shall have executed the
vengeance of the law upon some of the marauders,
a calm will succeed for a season, yet if the evil is
so deeply rooted as we are obliged to believe it to
be, it calls for measures bearing a character of
more permanent relief to the country, than the mere
delivery of offenders to the course of justice.
The attempts that are made by many well-itten-
tioued persons to conceal the real state of the case,
and to smooth down, as it were, the hostility of the
lower orders to the higher, are quite idle and child-
ish. It is mere trifling to endeavour to dispute the
fact, that the whole of the labouring classes-the
main body of the once celebrated " bold peasantry"
of England—entertain feelings of of suspi-
cion, and even of bitterness, against the gentry of
the country and all others who are well fed and
clothed. This spirit of discontent has been gra-
dually growing for years, in proportion as the con-
dition of the lower orders has become insensibly de-
teriorated, and finally brought to the state which
those know the best who visit the poor the oftenest.
Without any direct system of oppression—with-
out any want of charitable feelings in the
a country where there is but one law for the rich
and the poor, and where not only immense rates are
levied for the use of the poor, but great pains have
been taken to instruct them—there is in England a
complete division of society into the two families
described. by SANCHO PANZA as the " have no-
things" and the " have somethings;" and the cause
of alarm now is, that these two families have come
to al open rupture, and that the " have nothings,"
of whom Swing is the chieftain, have declared open
war against the orderly and peaceable " have
somethings," who acknowledge no other head than
WILLIAM IV.

In this state of things it is manifest, that unless
the Government can devise the means of bettering
the condition of the have nothings," the prospe-
rity of the " have somethings" will continue in in-
creasing jeopardy. Now what the " have nothings"
cry out for, is, an adequate remuneration for their
lab Our—which they cannot at present . obtain
because the demand for labour is not equal to
the supply of it, and wages, without any fault
of the farmers or capitalists, are, therefore, in-
juriously low.. It is, then,, for the Govern-
mint to remedy the redundancy of labour, or,
in other words, to ,produce such a change as
will find for the working people more employment
and better pay. For ourselves, we cannot can-
not conceive oily prospect of bringing about so de-
sirable a change, unless by utterly abolishing the
grievous monopolies which oppress almost every
branch of our industry--by a thorough reform of
our financial system, and a sweeping reduction of
those taxes which rob the poor man of one half,
and often more, of his scanty wages, and which
bind:alike agriculture and trade to the ground—
and by placing the public burtheus where there
is ability to support them, namely, on property.
Loud as is thti cry, and crying as is the necessity,
for Reform in Parliament, there is even more
urgent tteeti,of Reform in notation. With.such a
Reform, and with an entire change in the admit&
stration. of the Poor. LaWs, we should not despair
of:gradually leading the" have nothings" into peace
and plenty, and -converting " Swing" into an
honest citizen. But it is not' by mere changes in
our political organization that any so great good
can,be effected. The root of the evil lies in the
viciousness of our public economy, far more than in
our: political Constitution, and it is only on the dis-
cernment and spirit of our rulers that we can rely for
the restoration of the health of our body politic,
and the knitting together of all its members in the
compactness of strength and vigour.

In the good intentions of the new Ministry we
have the most confident hope, but whether they are
rod and thorough-going Reformers remains to be
seen. One thing, however, is certain—that if they
do not speedily effect a radical ehange in' our public
economy, it will be effected under the superintend-
ence of Swing and his gang. If they once turn
their ear to‘the voice of the jobber—if but once
they admit the monopolist to stand in their presence
—till will be !oat. They cannot serve their country
anti corruption at the same time, any more than OOD
and Mammon. But by singleness of purpose, and
souduess of policy, it is, we firmly believe, in the
tpl twnwttailrttisi:fws
set
for
oltraMYstloimliwiesittineielm's toleseyde,ieie
o
ttetulodvcaorrme4eus from the
:ihappilylickievil
ly

Since writing the abwie, we perceive that Lord
Mr.t.noußNE has taken up the subject in good ear-
nest, as will be seen by the circular addressed to the
Jnqices of the POliee in another part of our Paper.