The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-31 00:00:00

TILEILMONIETER.

This mornln ............................. Cs
This day at Two o'clock .................... 63
Barometer-2`9.80.
; fresh, and showery.

circumstance for him, no doubt of it, but was in
no way whatever a discreditable circumstance.
Personally, indeed, ever since then, he appears
to have comported himself in a manner
befitting one who has occupied the poffition osten-
sibly of a gentleman of honour and education, and
more even than that, as the sequel of if.s career has
shown, one of refined taste and of lavish hospita-
lity. As a reason for declining to m ake good the
amount chimed under the insurance, the case for
the defendants broke down altogether. Still
more conspicuous was the collapse of the
evidence brought together by them with
a view to its leading eventually to the
conviction of the plaintiff for arson. So
soon as their last witness had left the box after
cross-examination, it became apparent that they
had, as the familiar phrase is, not a leg to stand
upon. Painful though the whole of this investiga-
tion cannot, by possibility, but have been to Mr.
WOOLLEY, to the insurance company itself it can-
not but be very seriously damaging.

g, 44.
MI

Lord STANLEY'S speech at the Royal North Lan-
cashire Agricultural Association is well worthy of
perusal. He laid great stress on the state of agri-
cultural improvement in this country, that being
one of the objects with wbich the society had to deal.
An interesting circumstance was referred to, in the
fact of Sir R. PEEL having written a letter thirteen
years ago, in which he alluded to the then condition
of Lancashire. He said that there were good roads,
good markets, and a moist climate, which remained
" undrained, badly fenced, and wretchedly farmed."

Then, said Lord STANLEY, " I ask anyone to com-
pare the Lancashire of 1850 with that of 1863."
His lordship truly stated that the progress made in
those eventful years was greater than in the fifty
preceding ones ; afterwards, referring to the society,

LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 31, 1863.

he said that twenty years ago it was at a low level,
but now it had kept pace with any in England, in
regard to improvements, at the same time due re-
gard had not been paid to agricultural improve.

ments. Putting his words into the form of exem•

plification, he said that, looking to the country as it
was, and considering the " simple and elementary

processes of agricultural improvements, large fields,
straight fences, and deep drains," there was, per-
haps, not one-half of the country i❑ the state in
which it ought to be, and in which, in all proba-
bility, in the next generation it would be.
Lord STANLEY'S speeches are always pre-
eminently practical, and to the point ; he never
flatters or exaggerates, but seers to point out the

The extraordinary trial which during this last
week so engaged public attention, came on Saturday
to an abrupt close, immediately after the comple-
tion of the summing up, upon the whole case, by
the learned judge before whom it was conducted.
The decision of the jury was instant and unhesitat-
ing. They took no time whatever for deliberation.
And this, for the one sufficient reason—that, by the
time the evidence for the defence had been given
in, in its entirety, it had became perfectly obvious
to everybody in court that the cause ought never
to have come on for trial at all. Anything like a
detailed recapitulation of the case here, and at this
moment, would be worse than superfluous, would be
nothing less than tedious under the circumstances.
The particulars have from first to last been
so carefully and accurately reported that
a recapitulation of them has been rendered
altogether unnecessary. Nor is the case, whatever
may be thought upon the matter by others, in any
way so complicated as to render this recapitulation
of it, in detail, requisite, in order to make it compre-
hensible. Our principal contemporary, it is true,
has apparently thought quite otherwise. For, not
content with giving the most admirably exact report
of the whole five days' proceedings, it has prefaced
each day's record with a more and more carefully
elaborated summary of the whole matter in dis-
pute—a summary that this morning surpasses in
lucidity of argument, and in general completeness,
the rival speeches of Mr. BOVILL and Mr.Lusu, to-
gether with the summing up of the learned Judge,
Baron BRAMWELL.

deficiencies, and flaws in a system, as well as

parading the merits of the case. This style of speak-
ing may not be so pleasing, but it is more salutary
certainly, and the hearers of such harangues may
afterwards look back with satisfaction, and acknow-
ledge the benefits they have derived therefrom,
which might not have accrued from more brilliant
discourses, and more exciting studies. Lord

STANLEY referred to his own personal experience
in the Tyide district. He said that when he
went there ho was much pleased with. the

general appearance of the place. There were
hardworking tenant-farmers whose families had
lived there from time immemorial. In a social

sense nothing could be better. There were the evi-
dences of hard work, independence, and comfort.
But viewed as an agriculturist would regard it, the

spot was very different. There was water standing
upon the ground after but a little rain, and rushes 1
so luxuriant that one might have fancied them to I
be the staple produce of the soil. Worse than this,
there were large tracts of land going to waste be-
cause the owners and occupiers could not agree
among themselves and unite to drain the ground
in a proper manner. Lord STANLEY proved the
truth of a homely adage, but a very true one, re-
garding the great importance of the master's eye
being upon the work, by stating that the "most un-
satisfactory of all the estates he saw were those
that belonged to the Duchy of Lancaster, and they
were under the direct control of the Crown." As
may be supposed there was laughter at this remark,
which seemed designed to show that there was no
royal road to agriculture, bridging all difficulties
and subduing obstacles, but that the common law
held good in the highest as well as the lowest pro-
perties. There is an anecdote extant which is
doubtless founded upon truth, that tells of a noble-
man who took great interest in rural matters, and
complained to a farmer on his estate that he could
not get such produce from the soil as his humbler
neighbours did. The tenant exclaimed, " True ;
but the difference consists in one word, ray lord.
You say Go,' and I say Come."' Of course this
rule would apply to any arduous undertaking.
It is always of essential conseqaence that
those who take an immediate interest in the
conduct of an affair, should have a ruling voice in
its concerns. Lord STANLEY went on to point out
another deficiency in the outward cultivation of
Lancashire. There were many landlords who de-
rived benefit from the products beneath the soil, and
were therefore indifferent as to the progress of agri-
culture. They were very naturally tempted by
the profits, forgetting the difference that existed
between manufacturing and agricultural risks. The
old system of giving life leases also militated
greatly against this, produced great injury, drained
resources, and turned the relation of landlord and
tenant into a sort of "gambling speculation." The
speaker next summed up the difficulties of their
position as regarded cultivation. '[he climate was
less genial, and the soil required a good deal of
laboar to work it, but on the other side they had
abundance of labour to come to their assistance ;
their population was very rapidly increasing.
Taking all things together, then, the bad did not
seem to preponderate over the good. Lord STANLEY
forcibly expressed his meaning by stating that it
was not climate that made the difference in the
producing power of one country over another, but
human industry, skill, and energy. "Naples is a
wilderness; the lowlands of Scotland are a garden."
This sentiment elicited loud cheers from the
audience, Lord STANLEY concluded his impressive
speech by stating that he had confidence in Lan-
cashire men, and ho looked forward to the day
when various improvements should have taken
place. He adverted to the question of the employ-
ment of machinery, and remarked that the next
great stop would create a revolution in English
agriculture, namely, ploughing by steam. Refer-
ring to the adoption of these novel modes of pro-
cedure by the farmers, ho advised them to go with
the spirit of the times, and not oppose useless and
unavailing objections. " All I say is, this is a
question which cannot be evaded. Sooner or later
it will force itself upon you. At all times and iu
all trades, the competition between mechanism and
hand labour has been too unequal to be sustained,
and those farmers will be the wiser who observe
what has happened in other departments of in-
dustry, who take warning in time, and who take
care not to be left behind in the race."

Stripped of all unnecessary detail, the case re
cently under discussion stands thus. The house
holder of that beautiful old Elizabethan mansion,
known out at the old court suburb of Kensington
during the last two hundred and fifty years as
Campden House—once the house of the First Vis-
count CAMPDEN, for a while the residence of Queen
ANNE when Princess—the householder, and as
such, of course, the virtual owner of Campden
House, having been burnt out of that dwelling of
his, in the spring of 1862, in the autumn of 1863
brings an action against an insurance office for the
recovery of one out of several sums of money in
which he stood insured up to the time of the fire,
for house, furniture, fittings, pictures, &c., &c.; in
that and in two other insurance offices—sums
amounting in the aggregate to no less than close upon
£30,000 sterling. The principle insurance actually
in dispute was to no •greater extent, it is true,
than the sum of £4,000. The cause as it has stood
during these five days of last week was between
Mr. W. F. WOOLLEY as the plaintiff and .the
officials of the Sun Fire Office as the defendants.
But the other two fire-offices implicated in this ex-
traordinary affair, the Argus and the Hand-in-
Hand, are hardly less seriously affected than the
Sun Fire Office by the decision of the jury down at
Croydon. The meaning of the defence was
avowedly that the plaintiff had set fire to
the building himself, assisted in so doing
by his valet, CROZIER. It constituted, therefore,
s distinct charge of fraud and arson, involving
not merely, if made good against the plaintiff, a
refusal to hand over to him one of the various
sums in which he stood insured up to the night of
the conflagration, sums amounting, as we have said,
to an aggregate of very nearly £30,000 in all, but
subjecting him beyond that to the very imminent
rick of penal servitude for life as a felon convicted
of a crime that a few years back would have led to
his execution upon the scaffold. Instead of all
which calamities befalling him at the close
of this extraordinary trial, we find the
plaintiff receiving an instant, unconditional,
and unhesitating verdict in his favour from
the jury down at Croydon on Saturday after-
noon. This verdict being one, moreover, that we
hesitate not to insert at once, will give universal
satisfaction 'wherever it is heard of. And, for the
simple reason that the defence set up on behalf of
the Sun Fire office was, from first to last, flagrantly
inadmissable because of its very extravagance.
For the defence there was really, and in truth,
no evidence whatever of any value or- impor-
There was a singular cruelty, moreover,
in the raking up of all the plaintiff's antecedents.
Painful though the eclaircissement very probably is,
however, to the plaintiff individually—it leaves him,
after all has been said and done, with
• nothing whatever to blush for. Granted
that twenty years ego he was a clerk somewhere
in Regent-street, with a miserable stipend, that he
W" waiter, or something, like a
waiter,
in a
London hotel; that he was a strolling player, or a
hanger-on of a company of actors down in Hamp-
shire ; that he was a literary hack, as a chance
translator ; that, in one word, be was an adven-
turer, living at the beginning of his career purely
by his wits—so far as the evidence for
the defence has gone to prove anything
in relation to Mr. WOOLLEY, he was so living in
the literal meaning of the word, purely. What-
ever his antecedents may have been, they never
appear to have been in any way dishonourable.
His eventually marrying, several pears back, a lady
bringing him a fortune of £35,C00, was a lucky

tance.

Circumstances invest the proceedings of the Ca-
nadians with an unusual degree of interest, and a
good many English readers will turn with some
cariosity to the report of the address with which
the Governor-General opened the ne Parliament.
The speech, in accordance with that policy by which
the constitutions of our colonies ar:, made to re-

semble their English prototype as closely as pos- 1
sible, is of a character familiar to most of us. It
addresses collectively the members of both assem-
blies, commenting on one or two points of import-
ance in the domestic economy ; it directs the atten-
tion of the popular branch of the Legislature to
the consideration of the estimates; and concludes
with courtly expressions of confidence and hopes
for peace and prosperity. Under this seeming
routine, however, there lurk indications of some
moment. The assembling or the Parliament at an
unusual season is accounted for by the somewhat
abrupt termination of the labours of its predecessor;
but it is not improbable that the state of affairs in
the neighbouring coun try may have had something
to do with it. Nothing is said, moreover, in refer-

ence to the conduct of the Federal States in the
observations made by the Governor-General ro-

specting the proposed aniendments of the Militia

Law, and to the increase in the volunteer force ;
but it is impossible not to recognise the influence
not only of the war raging in another part of the

great North American continent, but of Federal
arrogance and presumption in every word. The
defence of the country is a subject of vital import-

ante to the Canadians, when from the rashness and
insolence of the Government of the Northern States
they can never reckon on the maintenance of the
outwardly amicable relations between the Cabinets

of St. James's and Washington. It is true that
their union with this country is a tower of
strength to them; but, at the same time,
it is not impossible that the same cause may
involve the Canadians in a war with their powerful

neighbour. The ultimate issue would not be doubt-

'ul with the mother country in the background, but

LATEST

:GENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE POLISH INSJRRECTION.
WIRSAW, Ara. 29.

The National Government has issued a decree
forbidding the exercise f the censorship in

Warsaw.

The chief censor, M. Sohcszczanshi, has conse-
quently already tendered hi; resignation.

JAPLN.
(Ey Telegraphirom Suez.)

JAPAN, JULY 4.

There is reported to be E growing affinity be-
tween the Tycoon's Governnent and foreigners.
The Tycoon has charterEd British Eteatners to
coney troops.

PORTUGAL.
(Per Onei(a.)
LISBON, AUG. 27.
Count Bone Fim has been appointed Governor of
The Cape Verde Islands.
The Gazette has published a ministerial decree
that the bills and the Pontifical rescripts concern-
ing the rights of the I'ortu-oese Crown over the
Indian bishoprics be publisled at the cost of the
Government.

An Italian squadron and Prince Carignan are
expected to arrive at Lisbon for the baptism of
the expected Royal infant, which will take place
in the Church of Santa Maria of Belem.
The Marquis de Bella is appointed Italian Minis-
ter at the Court of Lisbon.
The war steamer Minden° is under orders to pro-
ceed to England at the end of this month to bring
back Dom Fernando.

it needs all Canada's watchfulness and energy to
be on her guard against the first move. In this
matter she must help herself, and though some
among us have been too ready to censure the colo-
nists because their efforts appeared disproportionate
to their requirements,not regarding the scarcity of
the population, there can be no question that our
North American colonies must make greater and
more sustained efforts than they have hitherto done
if they wish to keep pace with the necessities of
their position. However much the security of
Canada may concern us, it touches them still more
nearly. It has been said by those who are unwil-
ling to make the required exertion that it is unfair
to call upon the colonists to carry on a war in which
they are not interested, and with whose origin they
have had nothing to do. To this, the sufficient
answer is that, without the support of that Power
which involves them in these disinterested wars,
they would probably long since have fallen victims
to the aggression of some stronger State. The ex-
tensive application of the Volunteer principle is the
safeguard for a colony like Canada. Every able-
bodied man should know how to shoulder his rifle,
and be familiar with the rudiments of military
training, that in the time of sudden need or
urgency the army of defence would be ready and
able to act at a moment's notice. The men of a
regular army could be ill spared from the popula-
tion of the country, and however admirable may be
the effects of enthusiasm and patriotic fervour, they
will not altogether supply the place of skill and
discipline. The Governor in his speech especially
directs the attention of the Legislature to the pro-
posed amendment in the militia law, and to the
large increase which has taken place in Volunteer
force. Offers of service continue to pour in, proving
that the whole colony is fully aware of the impor-
tance of the matter, and the Governor observes that
the interest felt in the formation of drill associations,
together with the eagerness of the youth of the
country to perfect their skill as marksmen, are evi-
dences of the readiness with which the people of
Canada would submit to hardship and sacrifice, were
it necessary in the cause of their country. It would
ill become the Governor of a professedly peaceful
State to state the reason why such urgent need
exists for strengthening the defence of the country,
but the riddle is not difficult to read, and will be
probably very quickly read by a good many others.
Matters of finance are but lightly touched upon,
although the Governor alluded to the unsatisfactory
state of the exchequer. in which for some years the
w
deficiency has exceeded the incomings. He suggests
that some strenuous effort be made to put an end to
stoheawimkpwraervding adlibsrotruepeeaenceyf,
the
ed
eweelemay
t that wile l
from
i
not be very long before credit and debit change
places in the sum total. The proposal
for opening
a telegraphic and postal communication between
Lake Superior and New Westminster may well be
styled an important undertaking, and the scheme
will probably be one of the first brought under
legislative notice. A line connecting the Northern
and Southern neighbours of Canada would, as the
Governor observed, affect her prospects both in a
military and commercial point of view. When that
vast continent from north to south is joined in one
mighty chain, whose links stretch unbroken through
English territories, the commerce of the mother
country will be worthily represented by her descen-
dants. The colonists, like ourselves, are expressing
their thankfulness for that national blessing, an
abundant harvest, and the good it brings in its
train. ,Let us hope that their course of in-
ternal progress and development may proceed
unchecked by the horrors of war, though the old
Canadian spirit would not shrink from sustaining
them if necessary. We would, moreover, caution
our friends of the Northern States that in case of
hostilities between them and Canada, we may turn
our modern education to some account, and show
them that we have improved in geography since the
days of Lord ASHBURTON, by rectifying the trifling
error which gave them Portland and Maine.

The arbiters appointed to settle the points at
issue between the Government and Senhor Sala-
manca have decided in favour of the former.
The remains of the late Infante Don John have
been privately removed by night, to the Mausoleum
of San Vincente.

It is said the Portuguese Government are ahoy
to negotiate another large loan in a foreign market
The vine disease has already committed Brea'

ravages.

It is said the Portuguese Government are about
to negotiate another large loan in a foreign market.
The general assembly of the Bank of Portugal
have approved of the report of the committee
charged to give their advice on the proposition of
Messrs. Stern of London inviting the Bank to asso-
ciate itself in the creation of a Credit Foncier in
Lisbon.

Trad© continues dull. Rentes, 49i; Coupons
49k. Exchange on London, 531 at 90 days' date.

FRANCE.
A MEDAL FOR MEXICO.

PARIS, AUG. 31.

A decree has been issued for striking a medal
commemorative of the Mexican expedition, to be
distributed to all Ivho have taken part in the cam-
paign.

BOURSE, Aug. 29.—The market has lost none of
the buoyancy Which it acquired before the close of
business yesterday, and
prices are again rather
higher, Threes, for the Account, being now at
67f. 90e* Railway Share Market firm, without
any material variations. The market continued
firm to the end, and closed as follows :
It per Cent 5....... 97 —lltalian Loan 73 20
Do. end month.... ' Do. end month 73 05
3 per Cents ...... 67 90 New ditto
Do. end month.... 67 75 Do. end month 73 05
Credit Mobilier....llls Russian
Do. end m0nth....1111 25 Austrian
Bank Shares ...... 3390 Spanish Threes..,
Credit oncior ....1270 Home Debt .. 47 75

RAIL

-Al/8.
Cash. Account.
1020 .. 1023 75
990

Orleans
Northern
New ditto .
Lyons and Mediterranean 1028 75 .. 1030
Geneva, 492 50 .. 493 75
Southern
Western ...... , . 530 .. 527 50
Eastern ... •
Sardinian ............ , 416 2.5 .. 415
Austrian ,. 425 .. 42.5
Lon. bard ard ,. 560 .. 557 50
North of Spain .. 550 .. 550
Saragossa .. .. 680 .. 678 75
Ditto to Barcelona .... 360 .. 360

The Brazil and River Plate Mails.

SouTcAmr-roN, Monday Morning.

_ ...
The Royal Mail Cmnpany's screw steamer
l
i si i
uheans
oas
Ar i vy
re red,s ,with
ym3aoi I a;
TdAat.elsl
Oneida, Captain
ol‘flotnhteevfiodleloo,w3inlg; Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 8; Bahia, 11;
Pernambuco, 13 ; St. 'Vincent (Cape Yards), 20 ;
Lisbon, 27.

Among the Passengers are Mr. Hopkins, Consul-
General of the Argentine Republic to the United
the Hon. W. G. Com-
m Brodie, of the British
g
The Oneida brings in all 78 passengers, £43,492
States,ealiaisLegation
Elliot from ro
at m
Rio Buenosantt
Janeiro.iNlr. A
l 5y,1.1 leisi
i:
in specie, 10 packages of diamonds, 614 rolls of to-
bacco, 170 barrels of tapioca, 8 cases of plants, and
138 packages of sundries.
She spoke Her Majesty's ship Esk on leaving Rio ;
the
English
h inst.,
, standing to the north, on
the
lat. 11.42 N., long. 27 W.; the
English ship Elizabeth Fry, standing to the south-
east, on 19th,
let. 15.16
ilanstdeaabemrerast Ols ship Tudor
N., long. 25.50 W.; the
Parana, on 20th, bound for
St. vieen mail
porto the French Bra
outwardn
zilian mail steamer, standin—
g to the southward.
Her Majesty's ships Curlew and Spider were at
Buenos Ayres ; the Alecto gone to the Falkland
Islands ; the Forte, Triton, Dotterel, and Sheldrake
at Buenos Ayres; the Satellite at Bahia; and the
Stromboli at Pernambuco.

THE PRIVATEER FLORIDA AT BREST.---The in-
telligence recently published that the Confederate
steam corvette Florida. had arrived at Brost is confirmed.
She has a crew of 128 men, and had on board when she
reached Brest 24 other persons, 23 of whom composed the
crew of the Federal vessel the Anglo-Saxon, which the
Florida captured and burnt not far from the English coast.
Those men were landed at Brest and left to themselves in
the public street. The American Consul, on being informed
of the fact, took measures to secure them boarding and
lodging until their future fate is decided on. The other
man is the English pilot, who was on board the captured
vessel. The Florida, which has received free pratique, has
met with some damage to her engine and is short of coal.

BUENOS AYRES, July 30.
The political situation of the Argentine Republic
hasac become
ande Generaller Penoloza is said to have passed
very steady.
steady. The provinces continue
ifi
over to Chili. The dispute with the Government of
the Banda Oriental is settled.
Business dull; the principal export and import
articles are neglected.
p
Exchange 011 London, 665. 6d.; Paris, 83if. ;
doabloons have declined considerably, and closed at
440 dols. on the 27th July, and at 434 dots. on the
30th ideal.

MONTE VIDEO, July 31.
Tho civil war continues, but is carried on very
slowly on account of the winter season. General
Flores is reported to be at Tacnarembo, a small
place on the Brazilian frontier. The Monte Videan
Government report that a division of their troops
bad been defeated by General Flores, nevertheless
it is generally believed that he will have to leave
the country.

Business extremely dull, and the market over-
stocked with most import articles.
Esohange on London. 51,d.; Paris, 82f.
Rio DE JANEIRO, Aug. 7.
Business in general very dull. In coffee no dis-
position to operate after the Oneida's news, at the
high rates of 7,500 to 7,900 for superiors; 7,200 to
7,400 good packets; 7,000 to 7,250 Channel lots.
Stocks 45,000 bags.
Exchunge on London, 26i to 27 per dol., 90 days'
sight.

PRIZE FIGIITS.—The great fight between Mace
and Goss, to which the attention of sporting men has for
some time past been directed, will come off to-morrow, but
the locality is, of course, a secret except to a few. Heenan,
"the Benicia Boy," whose fight with Tom Sayers created
so much excitement some time ago, is to fight King, who
won the last battle for the championship in his contest with
Mace. The day fixed is the Bth of December, the distance
to be within 100 miles of Loudon. Both men arc over six
feet in height.

TILE NEW GOTERNMECT OFFICES, DOWNING-
STREEL—In giving the list of tenders for the new
Foreign-office, some explanation of the present condition of
the extensive works is necessary. Up to the present time,
the contract for the foundations and concrete of the Foreign-
office has alone been completed. The cost of this portion
of the work has been £ [6,117. The present tender, accepted,
embraces the whole of the superstructure of the Foreign-
office, and amounts to a little over £195,000. The works of
the India-office on the western portion of the ground, or
next the park, are advancing with considerable rapidity.
The expiration, in 1866, of the leaso held by the Govern-
ment of the temporary India-offiee in Victoria-street has
rendered it necessary to proceed with the now works with
all possible vigour. The contract, therefore, has been let
in sections to Messrs. Smith and Taylor, in order to avoid
the delay that would otherwise occur while the quantities
were being prepared.—Builder.

'l'ho elections for voters to appoint the deputies
to the Assembly new
• •`-•Eiembly were to commence on the 9tb.
PERSAMBUCO, Aug. 13.

The elections were going off quietly.
The entries of produce from the country con-
tinued to arrive slowly. Sugars quoted 3 dole. to
3,800 dole. per arroba, for whites, for second to
fourth quality.
Exchange on London, 27d. to 271 d. per dol., 90
days'sight, at which rates about £OO,OOO sterling
had been passed for the Oneida:
__
. _

BAHIA, Aug.

There had been little movement in the export
market.
Stocks of sugar small —whites had sold
from 2 dole. to 2.400 dols.

Choral Societies are greatly on the increase in
Russia,

Ezchange on London, 26id, per dol., 90 dayb'

sight.

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY E'VENING, AUGUST 31, 1863.

A.

the proclamation of the Queen by building and
manning said steamer, and then allowing her to
continue her depredations. And they ask, through
the Government of the United States, that a proper
representation may be made to them by the said
Government of Great Britain, or that the Govern-
ment of the United States may assume the same as
one of the Governmental obligations to protect the
rights of their citizens thus wantonly violated."
A letter from General Rosecrans' head-quarters
at Bridgeport, Alatama, dated the 2d inst., says—
" The enemy hold the Tennessee river from Har-
rison to Bridgeport. Harrison is their right, Chat-
tanooga the centre—the fortified citadel—and
Bridgeport is the left. The whole line covers the
important positions of Cleveland and other points
on the railroad from Knoxsville to Atalanta. Bragg
knows that if we move on Chattanooga our line
must accommodate itself to his. If we do not he
stands ready to accommodate himself to ours. At
any rate there is no fear that we are going to com-
mit the fault of leaving him on our flank again.
The sanguine expectations of loyal men are rather
dampened by the two difficulties which one on the
spot cannot but see. One does not like to look
them squarely in the face. Yet they are so ap-
parent that they cannot be avoided. I refer, first, to
the great difficulty of provisioning the army and fill-
ing its depots—a difficulty increaseclby the increased
distance from our base, and the said want of rail-
road rolling stock. The impedinzenta of our army
are generally considered to be the large amount of
transportation, which retards advances and
obstructs retreats. But in the present instance the
chief impediment to an advance is the want of it.
It is an impediment which is going to rob us of
what is now of most value to us ; for it is both
safety and success. I mean time. If we had trans-
portation in plenty I think General Rosecrans
would take old Father Time by the forelock with
such vigour and energy as would astonish the
rebels out of Chattanooga in 20 days. And yet one
sees on the track here a vast number of cars. I
noticed a train a few days ago with cars in it from
nearly every road the stock of which is quoted in the
commercial columns. War is a great amalgamizer
of races and railroad cars. In a train which came
up to-day, drawn by a captured locomotive from the
Memphis and Charleston road, and now called
Governor Johnson, I saw cars from the Michigan
Southern, Mobile and Ohio, Little Miami and Co-
lumbus and Xenia, Memphis and Charleston, Cin-
cinnati, Columbus, and Cleveland, Jackson and
Vicksburg, and Georgia Central roads, and a large
number marked ' Jerry Nottingham's freight line,
via Crestline.' "

LIVERPOOL, Aug. 29.
The Royal mail steamship Arabia has arrived
with the Ne iv York mails of the 18th, Boston of
the 19th, and Halifax of the 21st.
Gen. Canby had issued the following circular in
reference to the duties of his troops during the en-
forcement of the draught in New York :
"Their duties are limited to the defence of forts
and the protection of public property and officers of
the general Government in the performance of their
legal duties. The duty of maintaining order and
protecting the property and rights of private indi-
viduals devolves upon the municipal and State
authorities, but the troops of the United States will
be held in readiness to render any assistance that
may be called for by the proper authority or be
rendered necessary by the inability of the civil
authorities to accomplish these ends. If the officers
of the general Government and any county of the
State and municipal Government are assailed by
lawless violence, it will be the duty of the troops to
protect them. If they are charged with the protec-
tion of public property, public buildings, or other
valuable interests, it will be their duty to defend
them to the last extremity. If called upon by the
civil authorities to aid in the maintenance of order
or the enforcement of the laws, the aid will be ren-
dered promptly, cheerfully, and efficiently. The
troops that have been brought to the city, and who
may be called upon to aid in the maintenance of
order and the enforcement of the laws, must
themselves set the example of orderly and
soldierly conduct, and the attention of all
officers and men is specially directed to this point,
The movement of troops to distant parts of the city,
or to points in its neighbourhood, will be made as
far as practicable by water, and for this the quar•
termaster's department will keep a sufficient num-
ber of steamers in constant readiness to move to any
point. The steamers, if not armed, will be con-
veyed by armed steamers. Al! the militia in this
city and Brooklyn are under arms, and will be until
the draught is completed."
Governor Seymour, in his address, says :--
"I hereby admonish all judicial and executive
officers whose duty it is to enforce law and preserve
public order, that they take vigorous and effective
measures to put down any riotous or unlawful assem
blages, and if they find their power insufficient for
that purpose, to call on the military in the manner
pointed out by the statutes of the State. If these
means should prove insufficient, I shall then exert
the full power of the State in order that public
order may be preserved, and the persons and pro-
perty of citizens be fully protected."
The Washington correspondent of the .New York
Herald says that the following conversation had oc-
curred between General Butler and Mr. Stanton :
" General Butler dropped in at the War Depart-
ment a few days after his return, and while there
the following authentic conversation transpired—
" General Butler—' I have called, Mr. Stanton,
to know why I was removed from the Department
of the Gulf.'
" Secretary Stanton---' I assure you, General, that
it was from no lack of confidence in your patriotism,
capacity, or integrity.
" General Butler--e' I did not ask you, Mr. Secre-
tary, why I was not removed, but why I was.'
" Secretary Stanton—' You are a lawyer, General,
and so am I, and you are aware that it is not always
polite to tell all we know.'
" General Butler—' Well, what are you going to
do with me now ?'
" Secretary Stanton—' How would you like to
take the Army of the Potomac ? '
" General Butler—' Did you ever know a mer-
chant, Mr. Secretary, to invest largely in an old
stock of goods ?'
" This was the responsive and suggestive poser
to the Secretary. Whereupon Gen. Butler made
his exit from the War Department, confident of
being even with the Pennsylvania pleader.
A despatch from New York of the 18th says, that
the British Government has mane an appeal to the
Supreme Court in the case of the Peterhoff.
",In the interim the Secretary of the Navy has
directed that application be made for an order for
the sale of the ship's cargo and tackle to the United
States. The vessel will be a valuable addition to

the navy."
The Army of the Potomac remained inactive. A
correspondent writing from Gen. Meade's head-
quarters on the 10th inst. describes briefly the
manner in which the soldiers passed their time :
" Were it not for the great scarcity of water the
troops would fare very well. They are all fatigued
after their long marches, and in want of rest. Even
were they not tired they could not do much in the
way of marching or fighting while this fearfully hot
spell' continues. Every morning about half-past
five o'clock the fierce red sun rises over the woods,
and pours down his scorching rays on man and
beast. As he follows his course to the West the
heat is intensified, and by noon it is intolerable.
The men, with the exception of those on guard,
seek the grateful shade of the woods. Some may
be found a mile from camp, picking blackberries,
others visiting the few miserable farmhouses in the
vicinity in search of good water or fresh milk—for
the latter they always pay—and others may be
seen slumbering off the sultry hours under their
little shelter tents. We have not even the poor re-
lief of passing clouds to break the force of the
shooting fire, but must bear it all until the sun goes
down behind the woods off in the West. The even-
ings are cool, and we can pass the night in comfort.
Mosquitoes have not yet made their appearance
here, and while we remain on high ground we are
not likely to be much troubled with them."
A letter dated Baltimore of the 13th inst. says :
" Your despatches from the head-quarters of the
army of the Potomac contain accounts of the arrival
at Gordonsville of reinforcements for General Leo's
army from the South. My information, never at
fault hitherto, places the number of these reinforce.
ments at 30,000, which makes General Lee's pre-
sent strength 125,000 troops. General Lee is be•
sides receiving some conscripts, which will soon
swell his numbers to 150,000. The main body of
this vast army is massed on the line of the Rapidan,
with General Lee's headquarters at Gordonsville,
but the new cavalry squadrons are being drilled and
exercised in the Shenandoah valley. It would
seem also that General Leo is organising some new
batteries of artillery, for artillery drills with target
practice tako place daily, at the same points where
these ne w cavalry equadrons are exercised. The
guns are brass pieces, and if not new, are so bright
that they look new. There are twelve of these bat-
teries at one point of the Shenandoah valley. Gene-
ral Meade conceives, and with reason, that the
administration is putting him and keeping him in a
false position, and one in which he can reap no
laurels. He wishes to take Richmond, and believes
he can do so. But he wishes to make the campaign
by the proper route, and to be furnished with ade-
quate means of doing so—namely, 200,000 troops by
the peninsula route. To march his 150,000 troops
across the Rappahannock he believes will be march-
ing them by too long a route for rapid operations."
Messrs. Upton, of Boston, owners of the ship
Nora, destroyed by the Alabama, had sent a me-
morial to Mr. Seward, protesting against the de-
struction of their property. The chief points in
their memorial are the following :—" The Nora, a
legally registered American ship, was chartered at
Liverpool by Mr. W. N. De Mattes to carry a cargo
from that port to Calcutta. While on the voyage
she was boarded and taken possession of by a vessel
calling herself the Confederate States men-of-war
Alabama, by whose captain a part of the stores were
re moved and the ship set on fire. The owners pro-
test against this destruction of their ship, and de-
mand reparation from the British Government in
the sum of 80,000 dollars. They base their claim
cn the fact that the Alabama is an English vessel,
havie g sailed under the British flag, and never having
entered a Confederate port ; that the British Govern.
meat has never interfered with her unlawful acts, and
on the additional fact that at the time of the capture
of the Nora she was principally manned by British
subjects. In view of these matters and of others
which may be made to appear, the memorialists
have entered their solemn protest against the Bri-
tish Government and people, as willing parties
negligently culpable in the destruction of their pro-
perty upon the high seas, and thus, in first violating,