The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-10 00:00:00

THERMOMETER.

This naornlng ....................... 70
Thia_day at Two o'clock .................... 81
Barometer-30.06.
Wind—S. ; fine.

'146
ttt tc".4(474"6'`‘ sk44'
,

LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 10, 1863.

Looking through the Mexican intelligence, has
been of late, and, for that matter, still is, for all
the world like peering through the tube of a kalei•
doscope. With the same materials—as valueless,
some of them, as so many little bits of coloured
glass—the changes aro so total, so rapid, so very
bewildering, and yet, each of them in turn, to all
appearance so complete in itself, and in a manner
so exceedingly symmetrical Even the momentary
crises of anarchy—when, like chips of bead and
bugle, the political nonentities of the hour, there,
have been recognised, as it were, in the very act of
changing places—Mexico has presented to view a
certain picturesqueness. JUAREz and his rivals,
poussetting and balaneeing, to the right, to the left,
hands across, and more frequently still at daggers
drawn, up the middle and dawn again, have
presented to view the Mexicans themselves, in the
first instance, like the Christmas-eve company in Mr.
FEZZIIVIGgs country dance "in various stages of
affectionate grouping,"—sometimes it may be
allowed, also, in various stages of grouping any-
thing but affectionate ! After wards came the
tripartite intervention. England and France, with
Spain, projecting at first a joint interposition be-
tween the belligerents.

Abandoned, as some might say, left in the lurch,
by her sometime associates in the enterprize,
France perseveres as France is, under the
like circumstances generally in the habit
of persevering. And, although, in thus per-
severing, she alone remained consistent in re-
spect to the enterprize, France immediately
learns that a change has come over the spirit of
the dream of her Mexican project, so far as any
change could possibly be effected in it, by the
somewhat perverse withdrawal of all further
sympathy on the part of one at least of her two
intendiog associates. General FOREY lands with
his expeditionary force, a force consisting of some of
the picked troops of the first military nation in the
world. The Mexican anarchists are expected by
most observers—particularly by those numbering
themselves among the more enthusiastic believers in
French prowess—to succumb almost imme-
diately upon the advance inland of the in-
vading army of Frenchmen. Time elapses,
however, and nothing whatever of the kind
occurs. The republican soldiers of JUAREZ
are still, there, in arms—unconquered. So far from
gaining any brilliant success at the outset of his
Mexican campaign, General FOREY appears to
stumble into a succession of difficulties. One blow
is parried after another. When they are not actu-
ally parried they are evaded. Ominous rumours
come floating eastwards across the Atlantic. The
French are announced to have been driven back—
are stated at length (and that, moreover, pretty
confidently) to have been actually defeated with a
Sanguinary loss. Suddenly, however, after delay
upon delay, these ugly and sinister misstatements
are swept aside altogether as misstatements
clearly and definitively demonstrated. General
You; girding up his loins—all things being pre-
pared—advances inland at the pas d'charge. And,
as NeeoLEON's good fortune will have it, immedi-
ately upon the very morrow of the perverse rejection
by Paria
of all the Imperial candidates without one
solitary exception—come to the EMPEROR at
Fontainbleau, is the very nick of time, the tidings
of the Pell of Puebla. They come so suddenly, so
unexpectedly, so opportunely for the Emperor
of the Feeecu, t
coup de theatre. txtthey have all the effect of a
Afterwards, almost as abruptly
after a littlef intheermediate pause, come
tidings also of
Mexico itself. Thevictoriousgeneral, Fall ofthe city of
in one of the
earliest of his exulting despatches
is' in the indulges in a
certain amount of hyperbole, that
descrip-
tion of the popular enthusiasm of the Mexicans
on
the arrival of the victors, a
description e
adorning that
very dispatch of General l'oßEY's to the T
Minister at Paris. This triumphant d lmperial
"patch of the
French General talking, as may be remembered, of
the
the French soldiers as " crushed" under
Weight
the bouquets and garlands showered down um
them from the windows, as they marched into the
captured city. to shouts of " Viva l'Empereur,
vine l'imperatrice !" Now, as the very latest news
from Mexico, come ringing to us acrcss the
Atlantic, other cries of " Viva l'Empereur !" But,
this time, the EMPEROR whose name is thus
ardently greeted by the Iklexicans is—not NAP°•
taken at the inquest upon the per-
The
evidence
and Ilunstanton
LEON El 1 It is the newleeelected Emperor of sons who seereekl,
Mexico—the Emperor MAXIMILIAN I! The Aus-
lcvurrence of similar casualties.
killed at the accident on the Lynn
lomacy has been be done to avoid theilwaY Proves
that
much
may
Irian Archduke, whose brows Dip
striving to measure for so many crowns, has at last The Rector of South cotton
had the most imperial among them all fitted to on both sides was very mach stated that the land
used for
them—it yet remains to be seen whether or not to bullocks, and horses, and ee grazing Sheep,
u had tee-
his own entire satisfaction. on the line. "He considered
11 the ice seen heifers
fence
In some respects, it may be admitted at once Mr.
—LOMFIELD'S land from the r ' separating
that the selection is eminently satisfactory. Had fee tly inadequate to keep the bulloeakilwa emy was per
the line."
any scion of the Imperial dynasty of All the other evidence comb crated this state'
France been elected to the throve of Mexico, the went, that
ent, and therefore it will be evident
choice might have been, would almost ceetainly ,:rue is to be feat in immediately rectify:Dg l,i"
Lava been, looked upon with jealousy. It Woul4 ito.t LW' td Ahdl .w -/-1
4;,, Xetaatila

cination Hospital at Highgate, who is well quali
fled from his experience to give reliable information,
found that when small-pox attacked persons who
had not been vaccinated it killed one iu every three,
whereas vaccination reduced the mortality to one
in 15. The virulence of the disease is abated in
every way, but it is important to know that much
depends on the manner in which the operation is
performed. We have to thank these records for
collecting much valuable information, and for en-
abling the publio to guard against many dangers to
the genet
health.

THE SU

great part of the evil consists in delaying necessary
work, and also in disputing which party is to
undertake the necessary alterations. It Would
seem that the company, in one
place, had put up
a fence four and a half feet high, owing to the
representation of one who farmed the
land along
the side of the railway where the accident hap-
and put up barriers wherever a
pened. What a pity that theynydiadninmoatlsgoweorne,
thusrr
ipn prevent v; e natt thethe possi-
bilityeam ei k ely tonf
accidentbaenygrazing and
oc cu
time the expense could not be so considerable
as to prevent the oc3upiers of ground in the
immediatethe
vicinity of railways from themselves
undertaking task. The fact is, that both sides
are to blame, and surely this terrible misfortune
will make them bitterly regret the ill-saved trouble
and expense of putting up fences. The obloquy of
the affair will rest with the neighbourhood in
which the accident happened; but exactly the same
blame attaches itself to all parts of the country,
wherever trains are passing to and fro, and the
same shortsightedness prevails in making the need-
ful preparations for guarding against such events.
Besides those killed, many persons have been
seriously injured, and perhaps for the remainder of
their lives will have cause to regret their ill-starred
journey on this occasion. It was to an excursion
train that the accident occurred ; but there does not
appear to have been any of those mistakes and
blunders made that two years ago caused so much
confusion in this special kind of traffic, and created
so much trouble and suffering in so many quarters.
The sole cause of the disaster was the want of due
foresight on the line, and that indifference is shared
by so many persons residing in the neighbourhood
of railways that it is to be earnestly hoped that this
sad occurrence will serve as a warning that they
will turn to good account.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

(REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.

CRACOW, AUG. 10.

An engagement took place on the sth at Polichnia,
in the Palatinate of Lublin, in which the insurgents
under Krysinski and Wagner were victorious. They
pursued the Russians for a distance of two miles.
The loss of the insurgents was considerable.
Russian troops aro moving from Janow and
Krasnystaw. The Poles are likewise concentrating
their forces, and a battle is expected in consequence.

GERMANY.

VIENNA, Auci. 10.

Twenty-one German Princes, including the
Grand Duke of Baden, have accepted the Emperor
of Austria's invitation to the proposed Congress at
Frankfort.

According to the programme of the Emperor,
the proposed National German Assembly would be
composed of an Upper and a Lower House. The
former would be composed of the German princes,
the latter of members of the Diets of States belong-
ing to the German Confederation.

INDIA AND CHINA MAILS.
MARSEILLES, AUG. 9.

The Messageries Imperiales steamer, with the
above mails, passed off Messina on the Bth, and is
expected to arrive at this port on the 10th inst.,
with 69 passengers, 1,054 packages of sundries, and
980 bales of silk.

FRANCE.

PARIS, Monday, AUG. 10.

The Emperor arrived at Pin on Saturday last.
An immense concourse of people, more than 100,000,
were present,
who cheered his Majesty.
The greatest enthusiasm was manifested.
Le Pays observes that, alchough the Archduke
Maximilian has hastened to express his thanks to
the French Emperor for his Imperial Majesty's con-
gratulations upon the Archduke's nomination by the
Junta as Emperor of Mexico, his Imperial Highness
fails to indicate, even by
a single phrase, whether
he consents or not to that nomination.

It is very satisfactory to notice that the distin-
guished members of the French medical profession
are raising their protest against the disgraceful
practice of vivisection. The conduct of the EMPEROR
in this respect has been most praiseworthy. Some
time since a deputation from the Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals waited upon him,
and explained to him the great extent to which
this pernicious custom was carried on in France.
The EMPEROR promised to give this subject his
attention, and he has done so. If the result be that
this cruelty is put down, a great benefit will have
been conferred on the people by the prohibition.
Nothing demoralises or deteriorates the mind more
than such revolting acts of cruelty. Those who
are callous at first become downright brutes as they
proceed, and those who at first shrunk back become
hardened at the repeated efforts. • The excuse given,
that such a course is necessary, is quite absurd.
The fact is that those who uphold such practices
do it for the love of the thing itself. They delight
in experiments, and it is in the cause of scientific
discovery that such tortures are inflicted, and not
for the sake of the benefit of their fellow-creatures.
The perpetrators of such acts profane the name of
the humanity they profess to serve. Nothing can
justify the infliction of such atrocious cruelty, and
the best answer to the untenable reason, that it is
done to gain knowledge, is that right cannot come
from wrong. The worst is that the same animal is
kept for fresh experiments instead of being killed
at once after the tortures inflicted. It would
be only right to render such revolting acts
impossible by the stringent exercise of the
law. It is a disgrace to any civilised
country in which such deeds are enacted, No one
possessed of right feeling in or out of the profession
but will raise his voice against the practice, and no
ono has yet clearly defined or fully proved any
known benefit that has ever been gained to society
by such horrors. The ignorant are taken in by the
dogmatic assurance of the learned that it is neces-
sary, but those skilled torturers would find it very
difficult to make the• experienced believe in the
necessity. It is not altogether an idle belief that
encourages one to hope that the worst is over in
this horrible practice, and that a stop will bpeedily
be put to the practice of vivisection that has so
long continued in France. When one of the chief
members of a profession sets his face against any
custom, a great step is gained in the right direction.
Instead of proving beneficial to the young surgeon
to witness such displays, such indifference to brutal
torture, and such wanton cruelty, it must render
him very unfit for his vocation in after-life. To
deaden all sympathy with suffering, and to harden
the mind to all consideration, is not at all the way
to fit one for walking through the world amid
scenes of trouble and anguish. wherever "mankind
and misery are found." The thousand ills that
flesh is heir to are sufficiently trying in themselves
to endure without the professor of medicine, who
issent for to minister to the afflicted, regarding all
pain as a joke, and considering the intensest torture
a good opportunity for making observations. Such
would be the result
it i
esultsof
highlyt e continuous neucor ue
credit
tpor
of
actlilcoo
vivisection, a
con-
cerned in putting down this disgraceful practice in
France. No one who strtves to assist in this good
cause will ever regret the trouble that has been
taken, or consider that he has not conferred a
benefit on all concerned.

L' Opinion Nationale regards the occasion as
highly favourable to the development of a Franco-
Austrian alliatce.

Le Constitutionnel speaks of the enthusiasm with
which the Emperor has been received by the popu-
lation throughout the whole of his recent trip into
Normandy.

BOURSE, Aug. B.—The market continues heavy,
but without any further material decline,—Threes,
forDt
o per.
enthesd:eamnreotCents...
:t
h..
:.Account,..
..
.3 being 366,576.
4_ _ _
..45n50w at 67f. 3 0 c . Railway
Share Market without animation. The marke
closed as follows:
Do. end month....
3 per Cents ...... 67 45
Credit Mobilier....loBo
Do. end month... 1075
Bank
Credit Bonier ....1245 --
RA IL'

Italian Loan 7l
Do. end month 7l
New ditto
Do. end month 72
Russian
Austrian
Spanish Threes., 53
Home Debt

Cash. Account.
Orleans ....... 1017 50 .. 1017
Northern ********** 992 50 .. 987 50
New ditt0...... - • • ---
Lyons and Mediterranean 1022 50 .. 1020
Geneva .....
uthern .......... 690 .. 695
So
Western
Eastern ...
Sardinian
Austrian 425 426 25
Lombard
North of Spain .... 543 75 .. 542 bp
Saragossa 6BO .. 680
..
Ditto to Barcelona • • 352 50 .. 357 50

' THE GERMAN REFORM QUESTION.
VIENNA, Aug. 6.
The TViener Zeieung of this day contains the
following important official communication :---a His
Imperial Royal Apostolic Majesty has addressed
autograph letters, bearing date Vienna, July 3let,
to all the Sovereigns who are members of the Ger-
man
by which
and to the Senates of the four
thatFrank-
fort),person,
thet ed
re-organisation
in order
which letters the German Confederates
are invited
hisrell
Majesty
the Band, which shall be in accordance
with the spirit of the times, may be taken into con
sideration. His Majesty proposes that the Federal
city of Frankfort shall be the place of assembly,
and that the first sitting shall be held on the 16th
of this present month of August."
The letters in question, which are 35 in number,
questionio m eet
were written some three or four weeks ago, but
signed until Friday
they were not last. The tiiissive
addressed to the Bing of Prussia was presented by
the Emperor in person, as his Majesty wished to
give his Royal relative a special proof of his good-
will and kindly feelings towards him. A person
who saw the two Monarchs meet at Gastein says
that the King of Prussia had tears in his eyes when
he shook hands with and embraced the Emperor,
and that the Austrian Monarch also displayed some
emotion. when the King called on the Emperor
the two Sovereigns retired to a room which was once
occupied by the late Archduke John, and there they
remained alone for about a quarter of an hour. The
King was accompanied by his adjutant, M. von
Man teuffel, but the Emperor of Austria saw nothing
of M. von Bismark until he returned his Prussian
Majesty's visit. On the 2d inst. Francis Joseph
of Austria diced with Frederic William of Prussia,
and his Majesty's next neighbour was the in-
fatuated author of the Prusso-Itussian Convention
of the Bth of February. Soon after dinner the Aus-
trian monarch returned to the villa which the
Countess of Meran had placed at his disposal, and
in the course of the evening M. von. Bismark went
there to pay his respects. lam not aware whether
the Prussian Minister Was admitted to the presence
of the Emperor, but it is probable that he was not,
as his stay at the villa was very short, and he ap-
peared to be much out of temper when ha left it.
His Majesty, who is said to be in excellent spirits,
returned to Schonbrunn late in the evening of
Tuesday, the 4th inst.

A POSTHUMOUS OPERA BY MARSCH:NER is about
appear at Vienna.

CHARLOTTE CORDAY'S POLITICAL WORKS, in-
cluding all her letters, edited " par un Bibliophile Nor-
mand," is the title of a small volume just published.

TWO NEW DRAMAS are announced by Victor
Hugo: " Torquemada" and " The Twins."

GouNoD, it is said, has finished another opera,
which is first to be performed at the beginning of the winter.
season in Paris. It is called " Miretlle ; the text by Mistral
and Carre ; the scene in Spain.

A NOVEL BY M. ALEXANDER DUMAS will soon
appear embodying the leading facts of Lady Hamilton's
life, and called " Emma Lyons,"
A PART-SONG BY THE VETERAN METHFESSEL,
now in his eightieth year, bet, unhappily, deaf, was exe-
cuted recently at Brunswick in his presence, with every
imaginable German musical ovation.

The 16th instant is likely to be a very important
day for Germany, for on it the Emperor of Austria,
who is at the head of the German Bund, will in
person bring forward a project for its reform. Men
in office profess to know little or nothing of the
intentions of his Majesty, but a foreign diplomatist
has given me to understand that the following are
the principal features of the Austrian project of
reform :-1. Germany to have representative insti-
tutions like those possessed by Austria; 2. The
German Parliament to consist of two Chambers—
the upper one to be a House of Peers, the lower
one a Chamber of Deputies. The Upper House to
be partly composed of persons nominated by the
different German potentates, the Lower House to
be formed of deputies elected by the representa-

THE prize of the French Academy for Eloquence
for the year 1861 has "L'Eloge de Chateaubriand" for its
subject.

THE RENAN-LITERATURE is swelling up in
proportion to the demand for his work, there having ap-
peared among commentaries upon it very recently :—" Re-
P°nBe a M. Renan sur la ' Vie de Jesus,' " par un Libre
Croyant ;'," Le Livre de M. E. Renan sur la Vie de Jesus,"
par M. Laurentie ; "Lecon preliminaire a M. Renan sur la
sVuire
1( ?ye:: sci,e"
jp6asru Adb,
Eb. 6rnMe
B.t MRitienhaonn;i:
Granges. par‘'Unperetchriaopdpeese
Mr. Wimus, the painter of the "Death of
Chattertcn" (lately diapoeed of at the sale of the late L. A.
Egg, R.A., for £800), has recently returned from a long
sojaurn in Italy, where he has been engaged in making
studies of the people and scenery of the southern half of the
Peninsula.

Mr. HEIM ERT'S first fresco in the Westminster
Palace is within a week of completion. The subject is
,c Moses giving the Law to the Israelites." It is said to
have been most elaborately studied, the painter having
sought to indicate even the season of the year and the hour
of the day in which this great delivery of the law
was
ac-
complished.

WEBER'S ACCOUNT OF THE FIRST NIGHT OF HIS
CEERON—In one of those delightful and pathetic
letters to his "Lim)," which relate his English experiences—
" My best beloved Caroline I" be says, "through God's grace
and assistance, I have this evening met with the most col,.
plete success. The brilliancy and affecting nature of the
triumph are indescribable. God alone be thanked for it
When I entered the orchestra, the whole of the house,
which was filled to over-Awing, rose up, and I was saluted
by huzzas, and waving of hats and handkerchiefs, which I
thought would never have done. They insisted on encor-
ing the overture. Every air was interrupted twice or
thrice with bursts of applause. . . . So much for this
night, dear life, from your heartily tired husband, who,
however, could not sleep in peace till he had corumuziated
t 9 YQ4 Aew cd-Z iung, Q nht

tives of the people in the various German states.
3. Only those Austrian and Prussian provinces
which are part and parcel of the federal territory
to have a right to send representatives to the Ger-
man Parliament. 4. The method of proceeding in
federal matters to be simplified. 5. An efficient
executive power to be established. Such power
either to consist of the representatives of Austria,
Prussia, and Bavaria, or of the representatives of
Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Saxony,
Hanover. As the ex-Minister Count Bernstorff de-
clared that Prussia wished to exclude Austria from
the Germanic Confederation, it is not likely that the
Austrian propositions will find favour at Berlin,
but the German nation so ardently desires a reform
of the Bend that it will hardly be inclined to attend
to the special interests and bye-ends of the Prus-
sians. Ia my opinion, a well-organized, powerful,
and independent German Confederation would be
a great boon to the world at large, as it would be a
guarantee for the maintenance of the representa-
tive system in the Federal States and a safeguard
against the encroachments of France on the one'
tide, 422 of Fousig cn tha 14122!