The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-30 00:00:00

E~

IN°. 22,259.

f t ~~~

NEW WORK BY TOE AUTHOR OF "EAST LYNNE."
On Nov. 14, in 3 vols., post Bvo.,
THE SHADOW OF ASHLYDYAT.
By Mrs. HENRY WOOD,
Author of "East I ynne," "The Channings," &c.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington• street.

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 30, 1863,

ITALIAN CHURCH,
22, HATTON-WALL, HATTON-GARDEN.
Next SUNDAY. being All Saints' Day, the Morning Ser-
vile at 1 and the Evening Service at 7. will be celebrated
with great solemnity, and both with full orchestral accom-
paniment.
Next MONDAY. November 2. being All Souls' Day, a
Requiem ➢lass will be sung, at 11 a.m., by the Rev. Dr. Pius
Melia.

Immediately, in post Bvo., 10s. 6d., with a Portrait of the
Author,
31Y IMPRISONMENT. WITH EXTRACTS
FROM MY JOURNAL KEPT IN THE OLD
CAPITOL PRISON WASIIINuTON.

Music—Mozart's Grand Requiem Mass, with Full Or-
chestra, and a Requiem Anthem composed by Alberto
Randegger.

GREAT DRAWING OF PRIZES
WILL TARE PLACE AT

ROSE GREENHOW.-
Richard Bentleyß,y Publ:sher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

ST. JOSEPH'S RE TREAT, 1-lIGHGNTE, LONDON, N.,
On THURSDAY, the 26;11 of NOVE MBER, 1863, to aid in
liquidating the Debt still remaining on the New Church and
Oran ; and to assist in establishing the English Mission of
St. Nicholas in Paris, now under the charge of the Pa ssionist
Fathers.

took a slight lead at starting, which she held into the Abing-
don Mile bottom, where Lady Derby obtained the second
place, and came on in waiting upon the leader to a stride or
so from home, when Wightingll made his effort, got up on
the post, and made a dead heat of it, Pilot being beaten three
parts of a length from the pair. Little Sts.vage was fourth ;
Diploma was last.
Deciding Heat —Betting-6 to 4 on Lo.dy Derby.
The pair lay together into the Abingdon Mile bottom,
where Country Maid drew slightly in advance, and won,
after a good race, by a head.
Match, 500 soya, 100 ft. Last mile and a half of Cesare-

witch Course.
Mr J. Osborne's Fanfaron, 3 yrs, Get 31b (Carroll) 1
Mr S. Haughton's Tolurno, 4 yrs, 7st 51b (LL Clarke) 2
Betting-6 to son Fanfaron, who cut out the work, and
won in a trot by four lengths.

COMPLETION OP DR. VAUGHAN'S WORK ON ENGLISH
HISTORY.
On Thursday next will be published, in Svo.,
REVOLU ONS in GUVERNMENI'. being
the Third and concluding Volume of Revolutions in
1.4.g,1i5h History. By ROBERT VAUGHAN, D.D.
Vol. 1. Revolutions of Rae-, 15s.
Vol. 11. Revolutions in Religion, 15s.
London : Longman, Green, and Co., Paternoster-row.

The prizes of the first catalogue consist principally of
objects of art and other precious articles, presented by His
Holiness, several Cardinals, Princes, and other persons of
distinction in Rome.

TICKETS ONE SHILLING EACH.
The amount realised be disposed of as follows :—That
arising from the sale of tickets in England will be arplied to
St. Joseph's, and that from the sale of tickets in France to
St. Nicholas', in Paris.

CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
Daring the morning the following notico was posted in
the subscription-room of the stewards' decision upon this
disputed race :

THE DRAWING OF PRIZES WILL BE ON THE
PRINCIPLE OF THE ART UNION.
Any one purchasing or aiding in selling 25 tickets will be
entitled to a large Engraving, either of the Death of St.
St. Joseph, or of BI ssed l'aul of the Cros., which will be
forwarded by post upon receipt of 4 postage stamps.
Catalogues as well as tickets may be had on application at
St. Joseph's Retreat, Highgate, and at 39, Rue de Berri, Paris.

" We, the three stewards of the Jockey Club, in con-
junction with the keeper of the match book, having been
requested by the clerk of the scales to ascertain and de-
termine whether the jockey who rode Catch'em Alive
carried his right weight for the Cambridgeshire Stakes,
we are unanimously of opinion, that he did carry it. We,
the stewards, therefore formally and finally declare
that Catch'em Alive is the winner of the Cambridgeshire
Stakes.
" COVENTRY.
H. G. Rous.
C. ALEXANDER."
During the afternoon Lord Westmoreland informed the
members of the ring that he had withdrawn his objection to
this decision. The settling upon the,race, which had been
delayed; will noNTi;ilie-filtifie- this

THE FOURTH EDITION 01
MR. ANTHONY TROLLOPE'S NEW NOVEL,
RACHEL RAY, will be reaay for delivery on November 3d.
Chapman ani hall, 193, Piccadilly.

BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY.--The November
Number contains the opening Chapters of a New
s.erial Story entitled

LIVERPOOL AUTUMN MEETING.
FRIDAY, Nov. 13.

JOHN LAW OF LAURISTON.
By WILLIAM HARRISON AINSWORTH.
London: Chapman and Hall, 193, Piccad lly.

Acceptances for the Great Autumn Cup, value 200 sous,
added to a Handicap Sweepstakes of 25 soya each. A
winner of any handicap after October 22, at 10 a.m., of
the value of 100 sous, 51b; of two, or 200 sows 81b; and
the winner of the Cambridgeshire Stakes 121 b extra, the
second 51b extra. One mile and three-quarters.
Yrs st lb Yrs st lb'
Fairwater
Croagh Patrick 5 8 9 Theresa 4 6 7
Aurelian
Balham 5 7 11 Sea King
Catch .'em-Alive Trumps .. 3 6 4
(inc 121 b extra)... 4 7 11 Lady of the Isles.. 3 6 3
Camerino .. 5 7 9 Chaff 3 6 3
Gardener
Donnybrook ...... 3 7 1 Year! Diver
Conundrum
Somersault
Blithfield ....
Earl of Surrey .... 4 6 111 Nebula
Dunkeld 3 6 111

BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY.
The NOVE ABER NUMBER contains
JOHN LAW OF LAURISTON.
By WILLIAM HARRISON AINSWOB,TIL
Prologue.—Chaps. I. to 111.
IL An Old Soldier's Story. I V. Austerlitz.
111. Imperfect, Criminals. VI. Chronicles of Paris.
By Francis Jazox. VII. Six Weeks at Hunsdon
IV. lintoretto. By Dr. Manor. Part IV.
Michelson. VIIL Cardinal Pole. [Con-
clusion].
.TTLE LOVE-AFFAIR.
COSTELLO.
V. to XVII.
.d flail, 191, Piccadilly.

MR. GRIXISHAW'S Ll'
By D UDLLY
Chaps. XII
London : Chapman an

COLBURNS NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
Edited by W. HARRISON AINSWORTH, Esq.
Contents for NOVEMBER. No. DXV.
I. The Saturnalia of a Rek,nblio.
IL Tee Shadow ol Ashlydyat. By the Author of "East
Lynne." Part XX Vl. [Conclusion.]
111. Progress. By Nicholas Michell.
IV. George Monk. By Sir Nathaniel.
V. Killarney, and some Farts of the South of Ireland.
Part IL
VI. Stratnmore ; or, Wrought by his Own Hand. By the
Author of "Granville de Vigne." Part V.
VII. San Francisco.
Viii. Ihe Sanitarium of Darjeeling. By Mimalayensie.
IX. Earthquake Theories.
X. Lord Lyndhurst. By Ernest R. Seymour, Esq.
Chapman and Hall, 193, Piccadilly.

The highest weight accept
raised to Bst 121 b, and the othE

ing being Bst 91b, it has been
;ill in prop' tion.

The Duke of Newcastle on Oxford Local

Examinations,

At the Town-hall, Nottingham, on Wednesday evening,
the Duke of Newcastle distributed the prizes and certificates
awarded by the University of Oxford to the successful can-
didates at the local examination held at Nottingham in June
last. The Mayor (Mr Birkin) presided. The Nottingham
Board was established in January, 1859, to carry out in the
Midland Counties the system of local examinations adopted
by the Universities.

122, FLEET-STREET, LONDON.
MESSRS. JOHN MAXWELL AND CO. beg to
announce that the undermentioned new Works may be
uuw tad at every Circulating Library :
SAUKVILLE CHASE. 3 vols. 2d Edition.
STRONGHAND. By G. AIMARD. 2 vols.
BREAKFAST IN BED. By GEORGE
AUGUSTUS SALA. Second Edition. 1 vol.
THE REV. ALFRED HOBLUSH AND
HIS CURACIES. 1 vol.
SECRETS OF MY OFFICE. 1 vol.
CROSS OF HONOUR. 1 vol. [This day.
London : John Maxwell and Co., 122, Fleet-street.

The Duke of NEWCASTLE, after some preliminary re-
marks, said he believed that in this country all members
of the Church of England and every class of Dissenters
were agreed upon this—that any education, however good
in itself, must be defective, and must he indeed a thing of
evil almost, unless it was accompanied in some form or
other with instruction in the religious belief and in the faith
of Christianity, (Hear, and cheers.) A scheme had,
therefore, been lately introduced, and he believed and sin-
cerely hoped that it was working well, by which marks
could be given for examination in faith and religion with-
out infringing on the religious rights and feelings—nay,
the prcjudices even if they would—of any dissenting sec.-
tion of the community. (Hear.) He was sure that that had
been the great desire of the heads of the Universities, and
he did hope that it would be successfully carried out.
Now, he thought it would not be difficult to prove that in
that short period of six years these examinations had expe-
rienced very considerable improvements—improvements
had been introduced into the system, but still greater im-
provements had been evinced among the pupils who were
examined. If they compared the present number of selec-
tions and rejections of candidates with. those which took
place in the first year of these examinations in 1858 he be-
lieved that they woula find the proportions exactly reversed
as far as the selections were concerned. That must have
arieen from one of two things—either that greater pains
were taken and greater efficiency obtained in consequence of
the exertions which were made both by scholars and by
masters, or else the standard of examination must have
been materially lowered. Now, he was confidently and
positively assured that the latter was not the case ;
that, on the contrary, instead of the standard being
lowered, it had been raised, and therefore they came to that
happy conclusion—viz., that the other alternative must be
correct, and that both by the exertions of the masters and
the pupils much greater proficiency is obtained—in fact,
double the amount of six years ago. An improvement had
been made also in the examinations, and especially in those
examinations which were called preliminary examinations,
and he deduced from that this also interesting fact—that
regard, and a great share of regard, is bestowed upon those
essentials of education which are embraced in those pre-
liminary examinations,and that no showy accomplishments,
no preficiency in the more advanced stages of study, would
avail anything if there was a deficiency in those elements of
education which must be always the basis, whether they
spoke of the education of the higher, or the middle, or of
the lower classes. (Hear.) lie did not know whether
now, but certainly no long time since, various objections
were urged against the principle of these examinations, and
not alone to these examinations so much as to the improve-
ment of education, because it was said that they were only
raising the vanity of young men, and inciting them to ob-
tain a smattering of a great number of subjects to obtain a
class of education which was greatly beyond their want,and
by those means raising their ideas of their own self-impor-
tance, and unfitting them for the important avocations of
life. Now, he utterly disbelieved that they produced any
such effect. He had rarely seen vanity and false pride among
the really well educated and instructed ; but he had often seen
a very large amount of vanity among the grossly ignorant,
and still more among those who perhaps could hardly be
called ignorant,but whose education had been stopped at that
period of life when, in fact, it would almost be beginning,
He said, therefore, that he believed that that was a most
imaginary objection. There was another which perhaps had
more plausibility, and that was that it led to cramming.
Now, that undoubtedly must ate end any examination which
took place under almost any circumstances. He believed
that if there was a system of education which was less open
than any other to the charge of cramming it was these Ox-
ford examinations. It prevailed in the Universities them-
selves, and whatever objections might be raised against it,
it was impossible to prevent it. It existed to a very great
extent, no doubt, in competitive examinations for offices
under the Government, and ho was not one of those who
were prepared to stand up for cramming strongly ; on the
contrary, he admitted that it had its evil, and that it was
most unpleasant. He sympathised with any young man who
after an arduous and industrious course of studying any-
thing thoroughly, and after having gone to the bottom of
all his subjects, found himself thwarted in his endeavours
and overcome in the struggle by one who had spent only a
fourth of the time, but who had by the instrumentality of
an astute master obtained in a short time, and also for a
short time, that acquaintance with the subject for which he
had been toiling so long. But, if he looked at the effect on
the community at large, he certainly was not one of those
who thought there was so very great and vital an objection
even to cramming. If they regarded the individual him-
self, he was quite sure that nothing but good could re-
sult from it. He was, no doubt, a young man who would
not exert himself and apply himself with that persever-
ing industry which, in the long run, would be the re-
ward of every man, and he obtained these great advan-
tages, the development of his intellectual faculties to a
material extent and the strengthening of his working
powers, and he must retain a very considerable proportion,
even for years, of that learning which, no doubt, if more
steadily and better acquired, would remain with him en-
tirely. Another objection that had been raised to the exa-
minations was the effect they produced upon the masters.
It had been said that the consequence was that the masters
would devote their attention to the able boys and neglect
those whose powers were less acute, and endeavour to build
their reputation upon the success of the best by sacrificing
the less good. Now, in the first place, he hoped and believed
that there were not many masters who would Le guilty of
that very grave offence. (Hear.) But, so far from believing
that to be the result of those examinations upon the masters,
he believed they gave them a healthy and useful impulse,
and kept up a pressure upon them which prevented that
weariness and a desire for cessation from work which all
all men must experience who devote many years of their
lives to the laborious and monotonous duty of teaching.
(Hear, and cheers.) He should only say that he thought it
most honourable to the schoolmasters of this country—and
he was speaking, he begged to say, all this of that particular
class of schoolmasters who came within the sphere of that
examination—it was most honourable to them that they had
persevered with so little reward to them, and bestowed their
labours so disinterestedly on the rising youth of this country.
He looked upon it that we greatly undervalued the seat us

ASTROLOGY FOR THE MILLION.-A
DEFENCE OF ASTROLOGY, By A. PEARCE.
Price One Shilling.

London : Berger ; and through any Bookseller.

Price One Penny.

THE CAMDEN JOURNAL, and LONDON
GEN ERAL ADVERTISE ti.
No. I. for November) will be published on the 31st October ;
a Monthly Local and General Magazine of Commerce, and of
Instructive and Amusing Family Literature.

" 13Y THE MARK ON HIS tIAND," a Sensation Story.
See No. I. of the CAMDEN JOURNAL.

Published at the Alexandra Press, 11A, Goldington-
crescent, St. Pancras-ro d, N.Y., and sold by the dews
Agents' Publishing Company (Limited), 147, Fleet street.

BEAITTIk'IIL FOR EVER.

MADAME RACHEL ON "FEMALE GRACE AND BEAUTY."
Just published,

ABOOK OF BEAUTY,
By Madame RACHEL.
To be had at 47A, New Bond-strict. Price 2s. 6d.

EGYPTIAN HALL.—Continued Success of
Mr. J. K. LORD, F.Z.S., in his AT HOME IN THE
WILDERNESS, the l iGth Representation! assibted by Air.
REGALDI, the celebrated Vocalist. Nightly, at Eight
Saturday, at Three. Admission, is., 38., 28., ls.

T E OXFOR D,
13, OXFORD STREET, W.
THIS E VENING, will be performed Operatic Selections
from Sir Henry R. Bishop's THE SLAVE, CL ARA, the
MAID of MILAN, and Beilini's SONN A MBULA.

Principal Artistes —Miss Russell, Miss Ellison, Messrs.
Green, Bernardi, finish, dm., with full band and chorus.
Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
Flute Solos by Drew Dean, &c.

Comic, by UNSWORTH ("or any oi,her man "), Enrene,
W. Randall, George Hodson, and those marvellous French
Clowns, Messrs. ARTHUR and BERTRAND.

Also, a Pet formance by Herr SCHAL KENB A.CH on his
wonderful instrument, the PIANO ORCHE6TIiE, contain-
ing a full baud of 40 instruments.
The HALL has just been newly Decorated and Ventilated,
and is one of the most Beautiful in the Metropolis.
Open at 8 o'clock. Admission, ed. ; stalls and balcony, is. ;
private boxes, 10s. 6d.

CANTERBURY HALL " GHOST."—In order
to gratify the curiosity of nightly-increasing. crowds,
Dlr. C. MORTON has transferred the representation of Pro-
fessor Pepper and HenryDircks, Esq.'s, world-famed spectral
Illusion, " THE GHOST," to the Concert Hall, where a
new and ele,..crant stage is erected, affording a more ample
view of the Illusion from Stalls, Balcony, and body of the
Hall. He has also arranged for 'Mr. A. Silvester to give
(with all that gentleman's latest improvements and effects),
REPRESENTATIONS EACH EVENING, at half-past
Nine o'clock.
All the other Musical and Pictorial attractions as usual,
including. Operatic Selections, &c. ; Comedy by Crosworth
(the modern Demosthenes), Eugene, George Hodson, E.
Marshall, and the marvellous Arthur and Bertrand.

ROYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE. The
Marvels of Peru, the most wonderful Performers in
the WorId—LANGLOIS, the marvellous Indian Juggler.
—Grand Comic Divertissement, by the Francesco Family
and Mona. Rate!, assisted by 12 Young Ladies. The beauti-
ful FAIRY FOUNTAIN—NICOSIA, the eminent Italian
Violinist.

Special Notice.—lmmense attraction on THURSDAY, sth
November, the celebrated French Clowns, ARTHUR and
13ER I'RAND, will make their appearance in a new Enter-
tainment, reserved expressly for their engagement at this
establishment.

Death of Mr.. Cubitt, MP.

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and the character of the schoolmasters of this country. We
praised and admired our poets and authors of every class ;
we almost worshipped our military and naval heroes—we
reverenced the memory of our great statesmen, and yet we
forgot how much a great many of these owed to the early
tuition of the masters under whom they were placed, and
how much the country therefore owes to the exertions and
labours of these masters. (Cheers.) He believed, however,
that this class, like every other class, had improved, and
there was no doubt that up to a very recent time great im-
provement was necessary. The greater part of those who
were grown up to maturity and were present in that room
might recollect well what was formerly the class of a greater
portion of the middle class schools of England. He was
afraid that class was not altogether extinct, but, at any
rate, the class had improved, and there was a hope that
to avery great extent, the old class was dying out. He
alluded to that class of men who kept what was called
" the commercial school.". There were many commer-
cial schools, but he alluded to one that was known snore
particularly b
wy r
ittht
eant
unpa mi
ne—g
etih;a tl e
tctlearsss
onw hae re Com-
mercial"magnificent
ground, and where what used to be called by the odious
name "Genteel education" was duly administered under •
some rule or other, whether the rule of thumb or whatever
it might be, he did not know, but some rule that never led
to any useful result. (Great laughter.) But how could it ?
Because what was the class of man who used to keep these
schools ? He was not a man who had himself received a
liberal education ; he was not a man who had, by preparing
himself for his profession in his younger days, fitted himself
had
Ittr iNevdasalal
poor good man who had failed in the grocery business, or it
ofotrhtebrepdroisfeebssairognealopf uhrsbaudintstien adbuftaialedm.an(Hwheanr.)
was an equally worthy man who had made some-unfortun-
ate speculation in the oil and colour trade. Thep were all
worthy wen/ no doubt, acute and intelligent' men in their
different classes, but men totally unfit for instructing youth
for this reason, that they had never been instructed them-
selves. (" Hear," and cheers.) They transferred from their
awn well kept ledgers those beautiful specimens of copper-
plate handwriting to the copybooks of their pupils, but
beyond that he really believed that a great number of their
scholars knew nothing but the merest smattering of know-
ledge, smattering that only made the youth on entering
life likely to become one of the very class of which he had
been speaking—viz., those imbued with vanity, on account
ofvery little knowledge which they possessed. (Cheers.)
Well, the
re was another class—a very much higher class
—of schools throughout the country, but which had to a
very great extent, from the progress of circumstances,
fallen from their high estate. He spoke of those once great
establishments, the grammar school of England. They
were scattered over a large portion of the land, and he
could see no reason whatever, but the reverse, why those
schools should not be to a very material extent transformed
into their former usefulness, regenerated and re-established
and made most useful institutions, especially in the great
towns of England. In conclusion, he could most gladly
wish all the pupils prosperity and happiness in life,
it would be futile to wish it to,them, but he did trust that
they would all struggle upwards, notwithstanding that they
would all have their own trials and difficulties before them.
They must not succumb to them. There was nothing more
ennobling, there was nothing more honourable, there was
h
gle capable of giving higher gratification than a hard
gi with difficulties, provided always that those diffi-
culties were not of our own creation. (Cheers.) That they
might overcome them he sincerely wished, and that they
might share among them such a portion of happiness as
God might give he equally desired. He hoped their career
would be one of probity and industry and of honour, so`that
at the of it they might merit, as he was sure they would
receive, the respect of their fellow-citizens, and obtain that
reward which, next to one, was the greatest they could re-
ceive—the approval of their consciences. (Loud and pro-
longed cheers.)

The announcement of the unexpected death of
AlrWillieel eubitt' M.P. for Andover, will be
roceived with general regret by the public. Mr.
Cubitt was the Lord Mayor of London for two suc-
cessive years, and there has rarely been a Lord
Mayor who has been so generally esteemed when
occupying that office, his re-election in 1861—a
most unusual occurrence—being in itself a sufficient
proof of his popularity.
Mr. Cubitt was the second son of Mr. Jonathan
Cubitt, of Buxton, in Norfolk, where he was born
in 1791. His elder brother, Mr. Thomas Cubitt,
was the celebrated builder of an extensive area of
squares and streets in Pimlico. He acquired a vast
fortune, and purchased the magnificent estate of
Denbies, near Dorking, from the executors of Mr.
W. J. Denison, member for West Surrey ; and to
the representation of West Surrey his eldest son,
Mr. George Cubitt, succeeded in Match, 1860.
Mr. William Cubitt was for a short time in the
navy, and after a time returned home and was
placed under his brother, who was much older than
himself, and had by that time obtained a good po-
sition as a builder. For many years after that the
brothers Cubitt carried on the business of builders
and contractors on the highest scale. The reputa-
tion of the firm is its vast engagements, its groat
wealth, and its well-known liberal treatment of
the workmen attached to it. Mr. Cubitt has for
some years retired from the firm, but when he was
elected Lord Mayor in 1860 in no place, were the
rejoicings so general as in the "old familiar place"
in Gray's-inn-road.
On the 24th of June, 1846, Mr. William Cubitt,
citizen and fishmonger, was elected sheriff of London
and joint sheriff of Middlesex, his colleague being
" Mr. Charles Hill, citizen and spectacle-maker."
About a month afterwards (July 28.9) ) Mr. Cubitt
ousted, in company with a Conservative colleague,
Mr. H. B, Coles, two Liberals from the repre-
sentation of Andover, The votes were—for
Coles, 134; for Cubitt, 121 ; for Fellowes (Whig),
107; for Smith (Whig), 61. Mr. Cubitt, as own-
ing some property near Andover (Penton Lodge),
has been successively returned for the borough, lat.
terly with a Liberal colleague, the Hon. Dudley
Fortescue. In July, 1861, Mr, Alderman Cabitt,
being then Lord Mayor, was a candidate for the
City of London—for the seat vacated by Lord John
Russell, who had accepted an earldom. As Lord
Mayor Mr. Cubitt was undoubtedly most popular,
and from his popularity the Conservative party cal-
culated that he would be easily returned. As may
be remembered,therewas a great demonstration both
for and against the Lord Mayor, who simply stated
that he was in favour of free trade, and that he had
voted for the admission of Jews to Parliament. It
is well known that the election went against Mr.
Cubitt by a majority of 472, the votes being—for
Mr. Western Wood, 5,460; for Mr. Cubitt, 6,168.
In Parliament Mr. Cubitt was a Conservative.
For five years, however, he voted for the abolition
of church rates, because "he thought that a rate
imposed on Dissenters who could not share in the
ministrations of the Church was a grievance from
which Dissenters ought to be relieved." He has
latterly voted against the abolition of church rates,
for he felt, as he said in 1861, on the City hustings,
" that there was a chance of compromise." By all
parties in the house Mr. Cabitt was universally re-
spected, and his unopposed return for his favourite
borough of Andover, on the death of Mr. H. B.
Coles, was heard of with much pleasure.
r of
In 1860 Mr. Cubitt was elected Lord May
London, in succession to Alderman Carter.
The
Recorder told the Chief Baron truly that Mr. Cubitt
had "conducted his business with. singular
intelli-
gence and success, and by his great consideration
and kindness, had won from the thousands he em-
ployed their affection and esteem." At the banquet
Lord Palmerston eulogised Mr. Cubitt as a Hemp
shire neighbour," and Mr. Gladstone warmly praised
him for his "character and capacity.
For his ability and liberality
during his
mayoralty of 1860-61, Mr. Cubitt was proposed as
Lord Mayor for 1861-62. His re-election Was non-
teszed,but was carried by 1,488 votes against Sir H.
meggeridge's 548, Sir Peter Laurie (who of course
was not seriously intended for the office, but was
joined as senior alderman with Lord Mayor Cubitt)
polling 1,080 votes.
The two years of Mr. Cubitt's mayoralty are
noteworthy for his liberality in general, and for the
splendid hospitality he showed to the foreign ex-
hibitors and the members of the royal commissions
who visited this country in 1862. He opened the
subscriptions for the ff su arers by the Hartley colliery
explosion and for the Lancashire operatives. He
was one of the leading members of the committee
for the national memorial to the Prince Consort, and J

//_,f

STAMPED ....6d.

in that capacity received the approval of the Queen
for his zeal and activity. _ _

Mr. Cubitt was elected, as an alderman, governor
of St. Bartholomew's Hospital. When he resigned
his aldermanie gown he thought proper to resign
his pre*identship. A contest arose between the
donation governors and the foundation governors,
the latter being the aldermen, and the election
ended in the return of Mr. Cubitt.

By his wife Thiz tbeth, second daughter of Mr.
William Scarlett (she died in 1854), he leaves sur-
viving issue two daughters—one of whom is the wife
of Sir Joseph 011iffo, M.D., physician to the British
Embassy in P.tri, and the other is the wife of a son
of the late Alderman 'Humphrey. These two ladies
were in turn Lady Mayoresses during their father's
occupancy of the office. '

The constituency of Andover consists of the cor-
poration, the freemen, and the £lO householders.
The population is 5,430, and the registered electors
amount to 240.

Naval and Nfilitary Intelligence.

THE NAVY.

The building of the new iron war frigate Belle-
rophon, which has just been commenced at Chat-
ham Dockyard, will inaugurate a new era in iron
shipbuilding, the Lords of the Admiralty having
for the first time admitted the importance of hav-
ing the vessels of our future iron fleet constructed
on what is termed the double-bottom, or unsink-
able principle, by which a complete revolution will
be effected in the mode of constructing iron vessels
of war. The use of iron as a material for ships
for the Royal navy has hitherto not been an un-
questionable success. The Warrior and our other
iron ships have proved themselves marvels of strength,
but the disadvantages which have been experienced
by their officers and crew in other respects are so
serious that the iron-plated wooden frigate Royal
Oak, which was lately built and sent to sea from
Chatham, is unquestionably at present the most po-
pular ship, with both officers and men, in the iron-
plated Channel squadron. Ore of the principal
defects of the iron ships is the rapid fouling of the
bottoms, and the information which has come to us
respecting the late cruise of the Channel Fleet
shows that this evil is now more fully felt than
ever among those who know how an important a
quality speed will henceforth become in our war
ships. That the Admiralty are fully alive to the
magnitude of this defect is evinced by the avidity
with which they seize upon any invention submit-
ted to them which offers a good prospect of ulti-
mate success in preventing this serious evil. The
chief defect, however, which has hitherto been ex-
perienced in our iron and iron- clad ships is the, until
now, insurmountable difficulty experienced in ren-
dering them a fit place for some hundreds of officers
and men to ['ass two or three years of their life.
Unlike a wooden vessel of war, the bottom
of an iron ship is so weak —in compari-
son with its other parts—and so liable to injury,
that unless the ship is divided internally into
numerous independent compartments or cham-
bers, a comparatively slight touch of a rock,
or other such injury below water, would expose her
to the risk of almost instant destruction. It has,
therefore, hitherto been found necessary to divide
the Warrior, the Achilles, and our other iron-cased
ships, into short lengths, or sections, by means of
water'-tight bulkheads, running across them inter-
nally, the number of these in the Achilles being
nearly 20, extending from the bottom up to the
deck on which the guns are placed, In addition to
these transverse bulkheads there are many others
in various parts of the ship, so that the whole inte-
rior is divided into some scores of separate compart-
ments, into any one of which the sea may be ad-
mitted, by accident or design, without affecting to
any great extent the floating properties of the ship.
The value of this system of construction as a means
of security is obvious, but on the other hand it
is attended by enormous disadvantages, the
chief of which undoubtedly consists is the divi-
sion of an iron ship into a number of isolated
tanks, or air-tight wells, in which there is little or
no ventilation. This serious disadvantage has en-
gaged the earnest attention of the Admiralty, and
numerous appliances have been introduced into the
iron ships with the object of securing the best light
and ventilation possible, but with results far from
satisfactory. This unfortunate defect has hitherto
been considered irremediable, not only in the ships
already built, but also in those proposed to be con-
structed ; and se strongly has this consideration
pressed upon naval men that there is little doubt
it goes a considerable way towards accounting for
the great aversion which most of them undeniably
feel towards the general introduction of iron into
the navy. Happily, however, in the new iron-cased
ship Bellerophon, which is now in hand at Chatham,
the grave defects adverted to will, if not absolutely
removed, be reduced to a minimum. Curi-
ously enough, the remedy for this evil, which has
presented such a serious impediment to the general
use of iron in her Majesty's service, has been brought
about by officials who have been generally supposed,
as now appears, erroneously, to exert all their influ-
ence in favour of the continued and exclusive con-
struction of wooden ships, Admiral Robinson, the
Controller of the Navy, and Mr. Reed, the new Chief
Constructor, being, it is presumed, chiefly respon-
sible for the design of the Bellerophon. In the de-
signs for this vessel, for which the ironwork is now
being prepared in Chatham Dockyard, the minute
subdivisions of the interior of the ships have been
altogether avoided, chiefly by the conjoint adoption,
under new circumstances and with suitable modifi-
cations, of two inventions, both of which have
already been separately used with great success—
namely, the double bottom, which has proved of
such immense value in the case of the Great Eastern,
and the " unsinkable principle," which has been
applied by 14r. Langley, of Deptford, to the two
Cape mail steamers, the Briton and the Roman,
Throughout the entire central portion of the Belle-
rophon, in which the engines, boilers, magazines,
&e., are placed, the bottom of the ship will be double,
the inner and outer bottoms, or hulls, being placed
from three to four feet apart, in order that there
may be ample space between for cleaning and paint-
ing both as often as may be desirable. As this space
between the two bottoms will be required for use,
it will be divided into numerous watertight com-
partments in the usual manner, and will consequently
form a series of buoyant cells, any one or more of
which may be injured without the sea being ad-
mitted to the others or to the ship
cen-
tral portion of the vessel, Beyond the ,
at either end, Mr. Lung-
ley's plan will be introduced, the lower deck being
used as an interior bottom, and the space below it
made available
rising
for
above stowage by means of iron water-
tight trunks, the water line. It is this
combination
fonorfmwe being
watertight trunks with watertight
decks--the intended as a means for
entering below the latter which constitutes
" Lungley's unsinkable principle," by aid of which
not only is the division of the vessel into watertight
compartments accomp fished without obst meting ven -
tilation, but the vertical trunks themselves form, as
will be readily understood, ventilating apparatus of
the best possible kind. In addition to what has been
already described, the Bellerophon will be
con-
structed with water-tight internal wall s..nfact,
be
complet-
ing the double bottom, and thus will,
With this
11,
'
made a double ship from
end to
ee7l
system of construction the
Ilece ssy for internal
bulkheads is almost entirely
dope
away with, since
pardise the safety
110 ordinary injury could
n Bellerophon, however, it9n
of a ship so built. In the
has apparently been determined that no possible pre.
r
her secure from any
accident whatever, and she
isde
accordingly to be file -
caution shall be spared to re
nished with some few bulkheads of the ordinary kind,
t i
but these will be so placed as not to interfere with
the free and ample circulation of air througlo::
t t
e e
ship, 89 that it may be fairly anticipated h
new frigate, which, with her heavy armour and

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