The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-19 00:00:00

RAILWAYS IN LONDON.

The railway scheme for 1864 must now soon be put into
the shape of Parliamentary. .notices, and as the decisions of
next session will probably settle the general plan of metro-
politan railway communication, it is desirable that the
public should be fully in possession of what passed before
the Lords' Committee of last session appointed to consider
the whole subject. There are three objects to be kept in
view, One is the substitution to a great extent of the rail-
way for the omnibus and cab in the internal traffic of Lon-
don. Mr. Thwaites, of the Metropolitan Board of Works,
pronounces this "a great evil," and says, when confronted
with the use made of the Metropolitan Railway in this
manner, "the greater the facility of conveyance, the more
you educate people in the habit of riding instead of walk-
ing." But another witness, Mr. Brunlees, takes a different
view, and observes that the metropolis may be regarded as
a series of contiguous towns, requiring facility of intercourse
with one another. Col. Yolland, of the Board of Trade, has
"a strong opinion" that it is necessary for the relief of the
streets that some arrangement should be wade by which
passengers may go from one part of the town to another by
railway. " I am a great advocate,-' he says, " for railways
coming into London." The committee have reported that
additional railway communication is needed in the densely-
populated part of the metropolis. The City Surveyor main-
tains that it will come to this, that there will be trains run-
ning north, south, east, and west within the metropolis
every 10 minutes, the lines communicating with each other,
and requiring scarcely any change of carriage. The two
other objects in view are the collection and distribution of
the traffic for the long lines without its having to pass along
so many of the streets, and the establishment of railway
communication across London between the northern and
the southern termini. The traffic in passengers going from
north to south without stopping in London is very consi-
derable, and many in crossing London lose their trains
through the delay in the streets. No wonder the streets
are obstructed. The manager of the Midland states that
that railway company alone cart through London to the
southern stations about 100,000 tons of goods in the year,
and that in a few years the quantity will probably have in-
creased five or sixfold. The Great Northern spend £l,OOO a
week in cartago of goods (not coals) to their destination in
London, or to the southern termini. The boldest scheme
propounded to the committee was that of Mr. Fowler, the
engineer of the Metropolitan Railway. He proposed that
that railway should be extended westward from its present
Paddington terminus to Notting-hill, and then turned
southwards just beyond Kensington gardens, and brought
back into the city, passing in its way under a new wide street
into Holborn, and finally forming a junction near the Fleet
valley with the existing Metropolitan line, The committee
adopting substantially this project, propose what they style
"an inner circuit of railway," connecting all the principal
railway termini, and comprising not only an exiension of the
Metropolitan Railway westward and southward, but also
eastward—and they recommend also that an cuter circle of
railway be formed, intersecting the principal northern lines
at a greater distance, but still within the metropolitan dis-
trict, and that every such system of internal railway com-
munication be under one management. Earl Grey pro-
posed a novel arrangement—namely, that as the Metropoli-
tan Railway Company are already in possession of a route
which must form a very considerable part of any system of
railways in London, that company should be invited to pro-
pose a plan for its extension upon the understanding that if
it should prove satisfactory Parliament would refuse to en-
tertain competing proposals from any other quarter; that,
in tact, a concession of the exclusive right of proposing bills
next session for the district between the existing line of
the Metropolitan and an extension line passing round by
Kensington to the river should be offered to that com-
pany, and that the shares in the new lines to be thus
devised should be disposed of by public competition, and
half of all profits over eight per cent. be paid over to the
Metropolitan Board of Works towards the expense of new
public works. But the committee negatived Earl Grey's re-
solutions. It is thought doubtful whether all the objects in
view can be served by the same line. It is the interest of the
company to give a preference to the short traffic. Mr. Fowler
himself says that the local traffic on the Metropolitan would
be inconsistent with its being used largely for the purposes
of the long lines, or at all events for many of the long lines
coming on at the end of it; but he holds that it might be
made of great service in collecting and distributing traffic
for all the railways, and its traffic might be increased
least threefold without difficulty. Mr. Ilawkshavr holds
to bring
that all the great railways will find it necessary
a
d Col.
their stations nearer to the centre of London,
Yol-
land considers that the extension of many of the existing
lines into the metropolis would be advaltagnatg,Yeous to the pub-
with the excep-
lic. The committee, however, resolved
don of the Great Eastern, it is not desirable to bring the
principal long lines further into
main stations of any of thes should be made for
London, but that one or indliieerreaintlway
parts of London to the
carrying passengers from 11
Hotta be in the hands of any
main stations, such new
linesbut d
pe under such manage-
one of the great companies,
tages to all. Among the
ment as to ensure equal alven b
I pro-
• ts laid before the committee was one y r. sza gette
lee
for a railway under the Thames er.nba.nkment and new street
municating with the Cannon-
streetto the Mansion-house, coal.
and extending to the North London termi-
us .n terminusLipl-stre but Mr. Haywood points to the line
nalready constructing between tho city and Charing-cross.
Mr. Bidder states that if the Great Eastern had come to
Finsbury-circus he should have proposed a continuation to
Leicester-square on a viaduct, roofed over, worked on the
m°spheric principle, with one stationary engine, and
astaying a continuous platform, the carriages to stop every
quarter of a mile, and access to the platform to be given by
turnstiles at penny fares, people getting in where they like
and out where they like. Another project has the high
sanction of Colonel Yolland—a line from Euston-road to
Charing-cross, giving direct communication between the
South-Eastern lines and the northern lines ; the northern
lines might then find room about Leicester-square for
stations, where they might make up auxiliary trains to be
coupled to the main trains in Euston-read. The committee
say nothing of this project, but recommend that there be a
line on the eastern side of the metropolis connecting the
railways north and south of the Thames ; meaning, appa-
rently' either a high level line across the Thames, or a line
through the Thames-tunnel, notwithstanding the difficulty
of the gradients. They consider that the heavy goods traffic
can, as a general rule, be most conveniently carried from
the northern railways to the southern by lines not passing
through the central portions of the metropolis. There is
such a way by Kensington, but the manager of the Midland
states that after his company have brought coals to London
from Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire for about 6s. a ton,
a demand of 2s. is made for passage over the lines to Ken-
sington-basin, which practically has the effect of stopping
the traffic, and doing its part towards keeping up the price
of coals in the south of England. Mr. Forbes, of the Chat-
ham line, states that it costs ss. or 6s. a ton to 17et goods
through London. It is estimated that new lines in Lon-
don will cost on an average 5600,000 per mile. The 0021-
struction of the ono mile from Nine Elms to Waterir;
road cost £1,000,000, and Mr. Scott can scarcely saY.
traffic over that one mile could have paid for so gr.stv,"..u.
expenditure ; but, looking to the wholo of the Soeu:11 w"
what it
tern, it has to be said that it could never have
now is but for that extension, and in realiotY,
h for itself and
spent that money to a very good purpose, t btheerefore, it
the public.

Full benefit bencfit of reduced duty obtained by pur-
chasing Hernial:ll2e pure Tea • very choice at 3s. 4d. and
4s. " High Standard" at 4s. 4'd. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the
imported. Agents in every
strongest and most delicious
town supply it in packets.
It is said that sonic time since the Prince Royal
porte
Df Prussia was looking at several emigrants em-
barking at Delltsic for America, when a quay
ap-
proached and said, "If your royal highness will . r
how to prevent any further
give me
half-a-crown I will tell you
gold Fred • ,
emigration." " Nere is a erie , replied
Prince ; speak." " Well, then, let the '
premise y the
Bistnark to America, and 1 Ring send M.
follow him," 014 no .
Prussian will

osifn‘R, Tiiifyshsatiato asstht
still
address d2dr
.Emperor
persistse
ps se r frt c. ) mi
ofn thevo
Russial
atin,l. Counciltthhaebt eis,pur receahst eynvoti eof d:::,ttileoonnhneoar:
Majesty, ~ •
e.,./rresszng the deep regret felt that the Emperor
the Treatyßussia.
lie
es freeddi
d
Upon the fulfilment of which Great Britain and other
ofl Poland,
sagreed to the sovereignty of Russia over a portion
and earnestly praying her Majesty to at once
not, however,
oßwrietzvdear,frsoanyl theth acontractus agnhet-
tiquiag such sovereignty:,
It was not, he said, for us to stand calmly by and.
see the Poles so brutally treated as they are by
to go to war with that Power; but we ought not to
hold diplomatic relations with her. `The address
which he had to propose for the adoption of the
Council was as follows :
"To the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty,
"The Petition of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of
the Borough of Sheffield, in Council assembled,
« Humbly showeth,--That, at the Congress of Vienna,
8 1t l
thend
tsh emoatdhee otherinto
Powersth Kingdom
of F
parties thereto, and given to Russia on certain conditions.
" That one of these conditions was a guarantee by
Eng-
land to pay the Russian Dutch Loan, and. the instalments •
have been since yearly voted by Parliament. learn,
" That your Majesty's petitioners regret to
from
1 aDuchyby Great of
Britain Warsaw
and wa
the correspondence presented to Parliament by command of
your Majesty, that the Emperor of Russia has flagrantly
and persistently violated the conditions of the treaty.
" That the conduct of Russia towards Poland has been
of the most cruel and unjustifiable character, by which con-
duct Russia has forfeited all right to the privileges granted
by such treaty.
ii Your Majesty's petitioners, therefore, humbly pray
that your Majesty will signify to the Emperor of Russia
that by his systematic violation of the Treaty of Vienna,
and his arbitrary conduct towards Poland, he has freed
your Majesty from that treaty; and that your Majesty,
therefore, withdraws your sanction to his continued do-
minion over Poland, so far as that treaty is concerned;
and further, that your Majesty will be graciously pleased to
command that all payments on account of the Russian
Dutch Loan shall cease.
_..

" And your Majesty's petitioners, as in duty bound, will
ever pray, &e."

Mr. ISAAC IIiONSIDES seconded the address in a
speech of some length, minutely entering into the
subject of the Treaty of Vienna, so grossly violated
by Russia, and into the grievance of the Russo-
Dutch Loan. It was, however, unnecessary for him
to enter at greater length into the question, as
more than one-half of the members of the council
had become members of the Polish League. Ho had
more hope for Poland now than ever he had before
in his life, especially aince the speech of Lord Rus-
sell at Blairgowrie.

After a few words from Mr. BOOTH, in support
of the motion, it was carried unanimously.

We are enabled to state, in confirmation of Mr.
Ironsides' statement, that the following gentlemen,
members of the Sheffield Town Council, have joined
the National League for the independence of Poland :
—The Worshipful Mayor, John Brown, Esq., and
the following Aldermen—William Fisher, Esq.,
J.P. ; Robt. Jackson, Esq., J.P. ; Edward Mycock,
Esq.; William Anthony Matthews, Esq. ; John
Buckett, Esq., and Francis Hoole, Esq., and 20
Town Councillors—Messrs. Ironsides, Hutchinson,
Brittain, Round, Grandy, Cooper, Foudan, Lomas,
'Woodcock, Neill, Moore, Skelton, Ward, Gledhill,
Mosley, Wortley, Robertson, Hawkesley, Fowett,
and Jones, and W. M. Winter, of the Sheffield
Town Clerk's office. And further—That the Most
Noble the Marquis Townshend, since his elevation
to the Upper House, has expressed his intention to
continue as the treasurer, and that the Earl of
Ilchester, Sir Henry A. Hoare, Bart. ; Henry
Brinsley Sheridan, Esq., the Hon. Member for
Dudley, havo become Vice-presidents of the League,
and Lord Campbell, and other gentlemen of dis-
tinction have recently joined it, and also that the
working classes are amongst its most earnest and
strenuous supporters. Amongst others, a very laige
number of the workmen engaged at the Kates
Grove Ironworks, Reading, have enrolled themselves
as members of the League.

The Austrian Note on the German Question,

FEANFORT-ON-TIIE-MAINE, Saturday.

The Europe of to-day publishes the following
circular note on the German question, addressed by
Count Rechberg to the representatives of Austria
abroad, dated Sept. 26 :
it TO BE. ---, MINISTER OF R. I. R. APOSTOLIC MAJESTY
AT IRE COURT OF

The Baron delVerthern has remitted to me, to be for-
warded to his Majesty the Emperor, the reply simultane-
ously addressed by his Majesty the King of Prussia to the
Sovereigns who signed the collective note of the Ist inst.,
together with a despatch from the Ist inst., together with a
despatch from the Minister, President M. Von Bismarck,
the latter accompanied by a copy of the report addressed
to the King on the 15th of this mouth, by the Royal Minis-
try of State.

This report is already known to you by the publicity
given to it, and I complete your information upon the state
of affairs by forwarding you a copy of the Royal reply and
of M. Von Bismarck's despatch.
" I made no delay in despatching the above mentioned
documents to his Majesty the Emperor, at present at Ischl.
" The impression they will make upon his Majesty I
foresee but too clearly. It is with deep regret that the Em-
peror will learn the declarations of Prussia, and I cannot
doubt that this sentiment is shared by all the German Sove-
reigns and Governments now in possession of the reply of
Prussia.

" In fact this reply fully justifies the many apprehensions
entertained that Prussia will not serious associate herself
with the tendencies to reform exhibited by her confederates,
but that she will endeavour to obstruct the development of
the Federal constitution by proposing unacceptable condi-
tions.

" According to our convictions the three prejudicial car-
dinal points on the preliminary acceptance of which the
Royal Court of Prussia wishes to make even its resohltil
to treat upon a reform of the Confederation depend, are
only altogether incompatible with the maintenance(
Federal principle in Germany, but it appears to mi 7 4
significant that Prussia opposes the precise proposalol,
her confederates with general pretensions whose vagle_l'it
and deficiencies do not convey a clear and prole° Id
will will be neither a gratifying nor consoling, but by
_Po;as
difficult task, to point out one by one the detteTrassian
well as the flagrant contradictions, in Which report of the
Ministers have involved themselves in then
15th inst. Governments
" I think, nevertheless, that the Gor_Tingluial been formally
cannot withdraw from this task, after l!fe however extra-
summoned report, ad-
sordinmaornyedthbisy ptbroecPeerudinssgianmaGyavbec. ratilalfetate, the subject et
dressed to the King by the IVlinDw`
their deliberations, e are able to note With
vr -kr •
" The only circumstance.
and his ...misters haven et
sthatoiusfgahcttipornopise,r that the inirlg's direct and express manner,
to reiterate,
_ere
vs,
i the reproach con-
in the face of the Gertu. at:rirjeport, according to which the
have no other intaeunatiocnonthseacinuteontmlyakteo
tamed in a former rwil_Wrnssia were wounded by the Frank-
dignity and power
wioonrkofotfheresfoterpms
impressions,ygsiaent:leafinrstprovisional appreciation -
fknor,otwpAnrtotoppreo
ly entirely .
exPres ticipators in the Frankfoerctla
Wish the Par • d
whic_i themselves induce to take at the present moment.
fu" • • it would be
opinionexpedient to draw up in a
nFederalfriendship a radical refutation of the Prussian
tstipulations, and to transmit them to the Cabinet of Berlin
te
by insane of identical notes from all the Governments in-
terested in the Act of Reform, together with the urgent
manifestation of a hops that Prussia will not insist upon
her unacceptable preliminary conditions, but will consent
to treat on the basis of the propositions accepted by the 24
Germtltt Governments.

A declaration that it is impossible that these propo-
sitions can remain without practical results would be per-
fectly well placed in the same identical note.
" Moreover it would be expedient to invite some of the
Courts, which, while declining to accept tha Act of Reform
Era bloc, took part, nevertheless, in the Congress of Princes
at Frankfort, notably the Courts of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
and Saxe-Weimar, to join in this step, in so far, at least, as
they consider it compatible with their views.
" In the meantime these observations will servo, as a rule,
in your communications, and it is needless to add that
el
wait with the strongest interest your report on the manner
in which the Prussian reply is judged,—Receive, &C•
RrainEsGt.
(Signed)

---
THE LATE PRINCE CONSORT'S SPEECHES have
been translated into German by Dr. 'roe; th© translator
of " Adam Bede,"