The Sun.
London, England, 1830-04-19 00:00:00

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

PORTSMOUTH, APRIL 17.—Extract of a letterfrom
a British Officer, dated Constantinople, March 11,
1830 :—" Upon the prop::sal of the English Am-
bassador, Vice Admiral 'Tahir Pacha will be de-
spatched to Algiers, for the purpose of persuading
the Dey to come to au arrangement with France,
and of pointing out to him the dangers he would be
exposed to in• case a strong body of Freneh troops
should effect a landing. A favourable result from
Tahir Pacha's mission is looked for here, since the
Dey will, no doubt, listen to a Turkish Ambassador

before any other. The sail disasters lately expe-
rienced by the-Porte may also serve him as a lesson
not to trifle with a power like that of Ranee. Tahir
Paella will have full powers to act in ease of neces-
sity as mediator between the Dey and the. French
Government. Between Constantinople and Alex-
andria a regular conveyance for letters will forthwith

be established, in which two steam-vessels are to be
employed. His Britannic Majesty's ship Blond is
lying at anchor at this port."
The Amity transport artived this afternoon in

118 days from the Mauritius. She touched at the
Cape of Good Hope, which she left on the 25th
January ; at St. Helena, which she quitted on the
9th February; and at Ascension, whence she sailed
on the 16th. The Maidstone and Falcon were the
only ships at the Cape when the Amity sailed. His
Majesty's ships Eden and Chanticleer accompanied
the Eden from St. Helena to Ascension. The
Eden was to proceed in a few days to Rio Janeiro;
the Chanticleer was to remain at Ascension about
three months. His Majesty's ship Espoir, was
lying at St. Helena when the Amity sailed. As-
cension was perfectly healthy, and was greatly
thriving. The Amity brings home Major Mair,
99th Regiment, Captain Webb (41st Regiment)
and family, Lieutenant Martendale, R. S. C., Lieu-
tenant Douglas, 44th Regiment, Lieutenant Good-
hall, 55th Regiment, Lieutenant Nagel, 82d Regi-
ment, and D. B. Conway, Esq. surgeon, R. N. and
85 soldiers, 10 women, and 22 children.
We regret to mention the death of Commander
Griffenhoofe, of his Majesty's sloop Primrose, at
the Island of Ascension, on the 10th of February.
He had been landed, for better accommodation,
having long suffered under a pulmonary complaint.
The Primrose was at sea on a short cruise, to await
his recovery, which it was hoped would have been
aided by a residence on shore.
His Majesty's ship Hecla (surveying vessel),
Commander Harding, arrived on Tuesday from
Ascension, after a long passage, having left that
island on the 29th of January, at which time were
lying there the Primrose, 18 guns, and the Black
Joke (tender to the Sybille). Out of a crew
composed of eighty-one, such has been the fatality
in the Hecla, that thirty-five only remain. She has
returned to England to recruit her strength, and
renovate the health of such of the ship's company
as remain. On her passage she spoke the Sir John
Rae Read, from the Isle of France, the flourishing
condition of which island was represented to be
very great. A survey was this day taken at
Spithead of the state of the Hecla, and it has been
found such as to induce a belief that she will be paid
off.

Extract of a letter dated his Majesty's ship Athol,
Sierra Leone, February 15, 1830 :—" I am happy
that I have it in my power to give you a favour-
able account of the health of our squadron on the
coast of Africa, and indeed the whole of our colo-
nies, from Fernando Po to Sierra Leone. We
left the former place on the 20th of December, all in
good health, when Colonel Nichols, the Governor,
and Captain Morgan, of the garrison, were quite
well. We arrived at Prince's Island on the 2d
of January, met there Commodore Collier, in
the Sybille; Medina, Captain Webb; Primrose,
Clinker, and Plumper, all very healthy. In
consequence of this full meeting of the squadron,
the foll,wing promotions and appointments took
place :—Lieutenant Adams, first of the Athol,
to command the Plumper, vice Geer, invalided;
Mr. Edward B. Nott, of the Sybille, to be Lieuten-
ant of the Athol ; Mr. E. H. Butterfield, of the
Sybille, to be Lieutenant of the Primrose, vice
Agossitz, invalided ; Mr. Charles Cleveland,Mas-
ter's Assistant of the Athol, to be Master of the

Plumper, vice H. Strutt, invalided. We touched
at Accra on our passage to this place, at which we
arrived yesterday, and after completing our water
and provisions we shall proceed to the Gambia and
Cape de Verd Islands. The Athol has not ex-
perienced
any sickness attributable to this climate;
Mr. Campbell, the boatswain, and William Gib-
bons, a private mariner, belonger to her, died at the
Hospital at Sierra Leone; they were both beyond
recovery prior to their arrival on this station."
The Briton, 46, Captain the Hon. William Gor-
don, M.P., which arrived on Sunday, brought to
England 780,000/. dollars, having left a very large
supply at the Havannah. Nearly three millions of
dollars were waiting for embarkation at Vera Cruz
and Tampico, which the merchants were reluctant
to forward by men of war, not being able to rely,
they state, on such ships making the shortest pas-
sage, the exigencies of his Majesty's service fre-
quently delaying them on the West India station
several months after they had made shipment of
specie. The attention of Government is now draw►►
to this subject, and more direct facilities will, in
future, be afforded. The Briton was forty days on
her passage from the Havannah. She came into
harbour on Thursday, to be paid off, and re-corn-
mi.sioned, it is reported, for the broad pendant on
the coast of Africa.

His Majesty's ship Winchester, 52, Captain J.
A. Austen (with the flag of Vice-Admiral Griffith
Colpoys), arrived at Teneriffe on the 25th Feb.,
and sailed the following day direct for Barbadoes.
The last accounts received from his Majesty's
ship Barham (bearing the flag of Vice-Admiral
Fleeming) report that the number of deaths from
the effect of climate, since her arrival on the West
India station, does not on board of that ship exceed
20, and that of the squadron, consisting of 2,700
men, certainly not more than 200 during the last
three years. When the Barham was last at Ja-
maica the same feeling appeared to exist which had
been evinced towards Admiral Fleeming two years
previously. The difference between Admiral Flem-
ing and the House of Assembly, it is understood,
arose from the following circumstances :—On the
Admiral's first arrival on the station the pen
allotted for the residence of the Naval Commander-
in-Chief was found to be so dilapidated as to admit
the rain through almost every part of its wooden
roof. This obliged the Admiral to seek and hire a
residence in a more healthy situation, at his own
expense, for himself and family, to prevent the ill
consequences arising from damp, which had proved
fatal to some of his establishment. These circum-
stances were represented to the House of Assembly
who appointed a Committee to investigate them,
but not any step has been taken to put the pen in
repair. The other point to which the difference is
attributed was the refusal of the House of Assem-
bly to make a road up to the Mountain Hospital, an
establishment for convalescent seamen (suggested,
from philanthrophie views, by the Admiral) although
the expense of the undertaking would not have ex-
ceeded 200/. The refusal of so paltry a grant, for
the benefit and comfort of those seamen whose ex-
ertions for the protection of their commerce is unde-
niable (scarcely an act of piracy having been com-
mitted during the two last years), is said to have
given the Admiral much displeasure.
APPOINTMENTS.-Mr. J. B. Hutchings, to be
Purser of the Pelican ; Sir James Anderson, to be
Surgeon of the Royal Sovereign yacht ; Mr. William
M. J. G. Pasco, Mate of the Barham, to be
—Lieu-
tenant of the Skipjack, vice John Pulling, invalided ;
Mr. B. Verling, Assistant-Surgeon of the Barham,
to the Victor, vice James King, surgeon, deceased ;
Mr. John Breaks, of the Barham, to act as Purser
of the Slaney, vice Davis, Purser of the
Shannon, invalided; J. Jones, Purser of the Slaney,
appointed to the Shannon ; Mr. W. B. Bedford,
Mate of the Skipjack, to be Lieutenant of the Ranger
vice Shortland, c f the Ranger, to command the
Monkey, vice Lieut. Cole, invalided ; Lieut. John

Roche, to the Skipjack, viceiLieut. W. M J.G.
Pasco ; Lieut. J. F. Barrett, to be Chief Officer of
the Preventive Service; Lieut.. Robert Dikon
(1802), to the out-pension of Greenwich Hospital;
Mr. J. P. Bailey, Purser (1809), of Stonehouse,
is nominated for the Caledonia, fitting to be tke,new
flag-ship at Portsmouth; the Rev. Meyrick Beebie,
to be Chaplain of the Sybille, on the Coast of Africa.
The following Midshipmen passed their examina-
tion for Lieutenants, at the Royal Naval College,
last week :—Messrs. John Willoughby Conway and
George W.:clehouse, his Majesty's ship North Star;
James Thomas Caldwell, Victory; George Bott,
Undaunted; James M'Cleverty, Scylla; R. M.
Burdon, Asia; Samuel Henry Lee Philips, St. Vin-
cent; Jonathan Palmer, Spartiate; Richard Hodges
Pipon' Trinculo; James George M'Kenzie, Mel-
ville; James Smith Tettley, Bramble; Henry Aus-
tin Gibson, St. Vincent; R. F. Cleaveland, Nau-
tilus; Henry Dowsing Rogers, and George Wm.
Winlow, Spartiate.
The Victory, of 100 guns, will be paid off on the
30th of this month, and Admiral Sir Thomas Foley
will hoist his flag as Commander-in-Chtef at this
port in the Ganges, 84, until the Caledonia, 120, is
ready. This latter will be commissioned in a few
days by Capt. Hyde Parker. Commander Osborn
Foley, and Mr. J. P. Bailey, Purser, will be ap-
pointed to her.
The Victory and Boyne are to be cut down to
second rates, and the Anson, of 74 guns (never at
sea), is to be reduced to a frigate. The Spartiate,
76, is to be laid up in ordinary.
His Majesty's ship Pelican is ordered to be re-
commissioned at Chatham, and to fit for the Medi-

terranean.
We are gratified in stating that letters have been
received this week from the new Settlement at Swart
River, from an officer in the army, representing to
his family the location as most excellent in every
point of view. He is about twelve miles from the
sea-shore, and describes the climate and soil as ex-
cellent, with abundance of water and wood. Its
geographical situation is unquestionably good, with
reference to the Indian settlement, the Mauritius,
and the Cape of Good Hope.
By letters from China, dated October 22, we find
that the dispute between the English Factory and
the Chinese Authorities remained unsettled. Capt..
Hine, the senior naval officer, on the day at which
the last letter was dated, had directed the pursers
and surgeons of the ships to leave Canton immedi-
ately, and the ships would not proceed up the river.
It appears the Viceroy had refused to make any eltes
ration in the customary cumshaw or present, which
;s exacted indiscriminately from all ships (small as
well as large, (of 1,950 tales of 7s. each, under the
name of tonnage duty. The Select Committee had
represented this as an unjust imposition. This, how-
ever, was only one of several grievances or which
the Company's Factory complain. The Viceroy
had sent foradvice to Pekin,and it was probable that
the ships would be detained six months. Trade
was of course much inconvenienced by the dispute,
and the want of money among the Chinese was felt
to be not a little increased by the additional vigi-
lance the mandarins evinced to stop the smuggling
trade in opium. Cotton had fallen six or eight mace
per pecul ; opium, iron, and lead were on the de-
crease ; cochineal and South American copper was
on the rise. Fine cotton yarn was in demand. The
India ships' ventures were generally dull of sale, the
Chinamen expecting to get them at less prices.
The new teas for the season were daily arriving for
shipment ; raw silks and nankeens were very low.
To afford some recreation to our seamen during the
time that must elapse before any answer could be
received from Pekin respecting the dispute, regattas
were introduced, one of which took place on the
Bth of October, in Toon-Koo Roadstead, when six
single-banked boats contended for a sweepstakes of
fifty dollars each, which was won by the Lady Mel-
vine's Shamrock. Eleven double-banked boats also
raced for a sweepstakes of fifty dollars, which, after
an excellent contest, was won by the Hereford-
shire's Red Rover.
Lord Melville is on a visit of inspection at Pem-
broke Dock-yard.—Hampshire Telegraph.
DRVONPORT, APRIL 19.—His Majesty's ship
Caledonia, 120, is expected to be commissioned on
Friday next, by Captain Hyde Parker, for the flag
of Admiral Sir Thomas Foley, the new Commander-
in-Chief at Portsmouth. Commander Dixon, and
Mr. J. P. Bailey, of Stonehouse, Purser, (1807)
are appointed to the Caledonia. This fine ship
being new free, we have ascertained her draft water
since she was rebuilt, which is nineteen feet one
inch, forward; and sixteen feet one inch, abaft.
When launched in 1808, she only drew eighteen
feet two inches, forward; and fifteen feet ten inches
abaft. _ _

The Union, 101, has been brought down the
harbour this week, and been taken into the dock
vacated by the Caledonia, to be cut down to the
same force and establishment as the Ocean, 80.
The Albion, 74, is to be converted into a receiving
hulk.

We hear that attempts are making to set aside
the verdict of the late Court Martial on Com-
mander Russel, of the Wolf, en the ground of some
informality in the proceedings.—Devonport Tel.

DR. DODDRIDGE.—The third volume of the
correspondence of this great and good man with various
distinguished persons of his time is announced for imme-
diate publication. It will contain, we understand, letters
from the following among numerous others :—Dr. WAR-
BURTON, Dr. WATTS, Lord lIALIFAx, Dr. REYNOLDS,
Rev. DAVID JENNINGS, Rev. J. BARKER, Rev. SAMUEL
CLARK, Rev. J. JONES, Rev. DAVID SOME, Rev. I.
PEARCE, Rev. G. COSTARD, Rev. R. PEARSALL, Lady
FRANCES GARDINER, Rev. D. FORDYCE, Rev. J. LE-
LAND, Rev. Z. SCOTT.

WATERLOO.—The events that immediately
preceded and followed a struggle unparalleled in the wars
of modern times, must for ever remain subjects of singu-
lar importance ; yet how many exploits, adventures, and
remarkable scenes has history, in the detail of more strik-
ing features, entirely overlooked ! It• is therefore with
much pleasure we observe that this prolific subject is
likely to receive much additional illustration, by the pub-
lication of a work entitled "Personal .IVitrrative of an
Officer in the English Army of Occupation in France:.
On the 14th inst. a tremendous riot took
place at the gates of Sheerness dock-yard, in consequence
of information having been given by one of the wardens
that a particular individual among the mechanics had in
his possession " King's stores." So throng and dense
were the people that hail collected to be revenged of this
warden, that three constables and Commissioner Lawns
were insufficient to protect this poor man (who 'had only
done his duty) to his house at Mile town ; but upon
arriving at the barrier-gate, it was deemed necessary to
have the assistance of the military guard to save the man's
life. Every sort of threat and disgraceful language was
made use of by the mobility, and we are sorry to learn that
Commissioner Lawns suffered considerably from the bricks
and stones that assailed him, while protecting this indi-
vidual to his house. It appears that no Magistrate is to
be found nearer than Sittingbourn, should it be necessary
to read the riot act at Sheerness. The mechanic accused
of secreting King's stores pleaded guilty, therefore the
Commissioners fined him 101. and discharged him from
the yard.

FOREIGN igenv el
et tge res., nerall y
which come to England through the post-office at Paris,
might arrive in this country two or three days earlier than
POSTS.—It is
is nsoo,t,
that
w aet
fboreeli
known, though the
at present by a very simple arrangement. The mails from
Spain, and, we believe, alma from Italy and Switzerland,
arrive in Paris two hours after the departure of the regular
post, but three hours before the departure of the Estafette
from Paris to Calais, and all that is necessary to effect the
facility of communication to which we allude is, for the
Post-office department in London to arrange with the same
department in France that the letters for this country
should come by the Estafette, instead of by the post. This
subject has been taken up by the Merchants and others in
London, who have memorialized the Postmaster-General ;
and it is desirable that the great manufacturing and com-
mercial towns of the North of England, particularly Lce is,
Manchester, and Huddersfield, should co-operate with
them. We mention these places specially, because in each
of them the market-day is held en the Tuesday, and be-
cause the foreign letters, with orders, remittances, &c.,
which now arrive the day after the market, would, by the
proposed alteration, arrive the day before it. —Leeds
Mercury.

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS,

We have received some very intemperate and
foolish letters from persons interested in Greek
bonds, on the remarks which we thought it our duty
to make in Saturday's paper, condemnatory of the
unreasonable demand of a guarantee from the Allies
for these securities. For this abuse we were pre-
pared, it therefore neither surprised nor mortified
us ; bat we scarcely anticipated such a misrepresen-
tation of our meaning as we find in the communica-
tions of some of our correspondents. If selfish pas-
sion had not deprived them of all power of reflec-
tion, they would have tried to comprehend our ar-
gument, and attempted to prove it unsound, instead
of dealing in general expressions of rage, and absurd
charges of corruption. The silly person who raves
in one of the epistles, which we insert as a specimen,
seems to think that he has answered our observa-
tions by telling us that he still retains " his bond,"
and appropriately quotes a celebrated bondholder on
another Exchange as an authority for the efficacy
and validity of the document. Did we ever attempt
to deny so plain a fact ? Is there a single insinua-
tion in our article against the right of the Greek
speculators to be ultimately paid, and the duty of
the Greeks to fulfil their engagements when they
rang Did we endeavour to rob this or any other
classical Shylock of bis bond? Do not we, on the
contrary, fully allow them the right to their " du-
cats" or " pound of Greek flesh," and only insist
that, in taking their slice, they shall not bleed the
Allies? Nothing, we contend, can be more unrea-
sonable than to require that England and her Allies,
in placing Prince Leopold on the throne of Greece,
should be bound to guarantee every engagement
which the former governments of that country had
contracted. If the bondholders retain their lien on
the Greek territory, that is sufficient while their
claim remains undisputed. They have a right to
their " pound of flesh" from Antonio, but have no
claim on Antonio's friends. None of the successive
Greek governments have imitated that of Ferdi-
nand they have ail admitted their debts, however
distant they have considered the date of payment.
The present Provisional President, Capri O'lstria,
has formally renewed the acknowledgment of the
London loans, and the " Prince Sovereign" of
Greece will do the sense, engaging, no doubt, to pay
interest and principal before the Greek Calends.
Had there been any indication Of a design to deny
the obligations of former governments by the pre-
sent authorities, we would have denounced it as a
fraud—a knavery—a robbery, like that of Ferdi-
nand. We only said, and we must again repeat it,
that the bondholders are entitled to no consideration
from the Allies—either on account of the assistance
a'.hick they lent to Greece, the saerifices which they
incurred in subscribing to the loans, or the under-
standing on which they accepted the contract; and
that Prince Leopold would be acting wrong if, as the
German paper to which we have alluded asserts, he
had made fitt acceptance of the Greek Crown depend-
ent upon the guarantee from the Allies in their favour.
At present the revenues of the commonwealth are not
sufficient to support a third part of its establishments;
nor can more taxes be raised in the present state of the
country. The produce of all the estates confiscated
from the Turks—all the crop of currants in the
Mores, and all the honey and oil of Attica, would
not, in present circumstances, be sufficient to pay
the, interest of the London debt ;—but that debt
exists, and has not either been denied or disallowed.
The analogy which our correspondent suggests be-
t ween the cases of Greece and South America would
be correct, if Bolivar or any of the Presidents of the
new transatlantic republics required European Go-
vernments to guarantee their loans. As the words
of the Jew usurer has been pressed by our Greek
speculator into his service, he will probably forgive
us for citing, as not less appropriate, a passage from
the address of the Duke to that worthy, though we
are convinced that the advice will be equally dis-
regarded by the Sylocks of London as of Venice :-
--" Touched with gentleness and love,
" Forgive a moiety of the principal,—
" Glancing an eye of pity on his losses,
" That have of late so huddled on his back,—
" As pluck commiseration of his state
" From brassy bosoms and rough hearts of flint,-
-" From stubborn Turks." [Times.]

It is with shame we make the confession, that the
Government of this country is, as far as religious
freedom is concerned, only a shade more liberal than
that of Portugal or Spain. Is it beciuse Spain and
Portugal and England have a wealthy Clergy, that
the Governments resemble one another in this re-
spect ? It would seem that there is a connection
between rich Bishoprics and intolerance. We can
hardly call the emancipation of the Catholics and
the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts a proof
of liberality. In the former case, it was no longer
safe to withhold the concession of the Catholic
claims; and in the latter, the votes of the House of
Commons indicated the strength of the Dissen-
ters in elections. The case of the Jews, how-
ever, is a fair . test by which the liberality of
the Government may he tried. The Jews owe
no allegiance to a foreign Potentate—their creed
contains all that is essential to the constituting a
good citizen—nothing can be alleged against them,
except that we have long been guilty of in-
justice towards them; and though, as Christians,
we are bound by our religion to forgive those
who bare wronged us, we are more tenacious
of the practice of deeming the having already
injured a title to injure still more. A member of the
Prussian Government, in a volume [recently pub-
lished, observes that " the very question which of the
confessions is the right confession is irreligion, for it
gives rise to struggles in which humanity still
bleeds. Belief as a guarantee to action must he
limited to God and a future state. This belief ex.

As some of the speculators in Greek bonds, though
claasical in their tastes, may not be so well acquainted with
the dealings of the Greeks in ancient as in modern loans,
we quote with pleasure an early example in which Athe-
nian good faith triumphed over feelings of national anti-
pathy, and which, a fortiori, they are entitled to call
upon the Government of Prince Leopold to imitate. It
throws a darker shade on the hypocritical pretences and
swindling conduct of Ferdinand respecting- the Cortes
bonds, and can only be matched in recent times by the
punctuality with which the Government of the Bourbons
paid the debt contracted during the 100 days to overturn
their dynasty. The following is the account of the trau-
matic's to which we allude, given by Demosthenes in his
oration against Leptines
" Now, that it is not altogether in consonance with
your usual mode of acting, 0 Athenians, to ratify a law
of this character, I shall endeavour to demonstrate, in as
concise a manner as I ant able, by the relation of a circum-
stance that took place in this city. The thirty tyrants are
said to have borrowed of the Laccdtemoniana a stun of
money for the purpose of overwhelming those who had
t..ken possession of the Pyrrens. Upon the re-establish-
ment of peace and concord among the citizens, n every
thing seemed on all sides to be completely tranquillized,
the Laeedsemonians sent ambassadors to re.deinand tnrir
anoney. The whole affair being regularly debated, whilst
some were of opinion that those, who being then in the
city had been the borrowers of the money-, were the proper
persons to refund ; others, that the payment in common
of the sum borrowed should be considered as the Etat
pledge of the cemplete reconcilement of all parties; it is
said that the people came to a resolution to contribute also
their share, and to partake of the general expense, ire order
to avoid the least violation of any article that had been
mutually stipulated Letweem them. Would it not then,
Athenian*, be most preposterous, that ye should upon that
occasion have manifested such wiilingness to midis those
*iontributions to persons frost whom ye had received in-
jury, in order that your good faith might remain unvio-
lated ; whilst, at the present day, haring it in your
Fewer, without the leeat expense, to act honourably as
justice requires, towards your benefactors, ye should make
it your election to have recourse to is faithless abandon-
ment of what is dietated by the principles of honour ?
Never, I ant persuadid, can this be the line of conduct
you will think proper to adopt. As to what has been
sniforaaly the ar;ral sense of this our city, 0 Athenian.,
in cirsumstancee of this nature, many are the occasion*,
and, amongst others, that to which I have just alluded,
from which it may be most clearly collected, that a film
unshaken adherence to good faith, and unsullied integrity,
not the preponderating balance in point of pecuniary
transactioas, was the grand object of all their political
east sionts.

eludes all that is detrimental to society. The doc-
trine of Christianity is life through love. The Hea-
ther. who acts on this doctrine is in his actions a
Christian, though he never heard the divine word
of the teacher. The Christian who draws from this
word dogmas destructive of peace is a Heathen."
The writer from whom we make this extract is a
Member of the Supreme Council of Government,
and anything but partial to anarchical doctrines ;
but on the Continent, except as we have said, where
:s rich Church, as in England, seems to have in-
oculated Governments with uncharitable feelings,
there is not the slightest disposition to trample o►►
peaceable subjects on account of their religion. In
the case of the Catholics, the people for centuries
had been kept in constant dread of them, and Smith-
field faggots were associated in the mind of every
Englishman, of the lower classes, with the natne:of
Papist. Their fears were wrought on. But the
people entertain no apprehension of the Jews.
They are a harmless, peaceable body. In France,
the Netherlands, Denmark, &c., the happiest results
have followed the adoption of a liberal system to-
wards them. In this last county, ever since 1814.,
every office is open to Jews. The people of Eng-
land would, we are sure, view with satisfaction a
similar measure of kindness to that body. The
public repel the accusation brought against them by
Mr. Goulburn, that they are prejudiced against the
Jews. They have no prejudices on the subject.
There would, indeed, be something mean and con-
temptible in wishing to retain a remnant of the old
persecuting laws, merely because the Jews may be
persecuted with impunity. Shame on the Govern-
ment—shame on the Church of Englatie, that this
sort of sneaking love for persecution should still
be manifested! We are glad to learn that the Jews
have prepared their petitions, and that they will lie
for signature at the several taverns after Wednesday
next. The principal bankers and merchants have
signed a petition in behalf of the Jews, with the
greatest readiness and pleasure.—Morning Chron.
The disposition lately evinced at several public
meetings to interfere with Tithes has had the effect
of calling forth the energies of the Clergy in their
defence. It is not, indeed, to be expected that the
Clergy should remain passive while the agriculturists
are exerting themselves to free agriculture from a
burden of such magnitude. A pamphlet of about
100 pages, entitled the " Revenues of the Church
of England not a burden upon the Public," has just
been put into our hands. If we may judge from
internal evidence it is tile production of a Clergy-
man. We do not allude merely to the heartiness
with which the appropriation of so large a share of
the produce of the soil of the country to the Church
is vindicated, but to a certain contumelious tone '
which would seem to cling to Churchmen in the
discussion of all subjects whatever. They are so
accustomed to anathematise all who differ from them
in opinion, that they carry with them into questions
the most foreign to theology, when they are pleased
to discuss them, the same consciousness of infalli-
bility which they evince when they condescend to
combat with heresy and schism. The pamphlet is,
upon the whole, well written; but the older writers
on Political Economy are orthodox, and M. Ricardo
and his follower:. are heterodox. There must be an
established creed in Political Economy as well as in
Religion. The sin of Mr. Ricardo is, that he de-
monstrated, contrary to the received opinion, that
tithe was not so much a question between the land-
owner and tithe-holder, as between the tithe-holder
and consumer.

" There are others (says the writer) who maintain that
tithes constitute a burden, which falls not upon the occu-
pier or owner of the soil, but upon the consumer of tithe-
able commodities ; admitting that tithes neither diminish
the net revenue or rent of the owner, nor the profits of the
occupier of land, they allege that this burden makes an
addition of one-tenth to the money-price of the article on
which it- is levied. In order to place in a clear light the
opinion entertained by this class of economists with re-
spect to the practical effect of tithes, let it be assumed
that an acre of land subject to this burden, and let for
forty shillings, produces twenty bushels of wheat, which
sell for one hundred shillings; the tenth of the produce
of this acre would be two bushels of wheat worth
ten shillings. Adam Smith, and other eminent
writers who have been hitherto regarded as authorities
in questions of Political Economy, admit that if the ten
shillings levied as tithes in the case here stated, ceased to
be exacted, the amount would be added to the rent already
received by the landlord, but that it would make no altera-
tion in the money or selling price of the wheat which this
land produces. But the persons who have recently act
themselves up as oracles in matters of this hind, pro-
nounce this to be an erroneous opinion; they contend,
that if tithes were not levied on t'le acre he question, the
result would he, not that the landlord :would add ten shil-
lin;s to the forty shillings now received by him as rent,
but that the intrltet price of wheat would fall one-tenth,
anti that the grower would sell the whole twenty bushels
for ninety shillings, the price which he now obtains for
eighteen bushels.

This singular theory of what its 'authors quaintly
term ' the incidence of tithes,' is made to rest on a basis
equally singular ; it is aFlumed as a fact not to be con-
troverted, that the least fertile soil brought into a state of
tillage pays no rent."_

This specimen is sufficiently decisive as to the
character of the writer. We are not aware of any
writer of any name in Political Economy, who has
not, since the publication of the pamphlet of Sir
Edward West, assented to his views respecting
rent. But West, and Malthus, and Ricardo, and
Mill, and M'Culloch, are a sort of unauthorised
persons—of dissenters, as it were, in political eco-
nomy, who have dared to impugn the good old re-
ceived doctrines. If men of this description had
tl:eir will, every science would have its 39 articles.
This writer endeavours to combat the doctrine of
the new political economists, that tithes are a tax on
the community, in this way :
" Suppose, however," he says, " it be conceded in the
teeth of all practical experience upon this subject, that the
least fertile soil, in a state of tillage, suldect to tithes,
yields no surplus as rent, but barely makes the ordinary
return of profits for the capital employed in its cultivation
this concession will not support the inference which
is drawn from it ; for it will by no means follow as a
matter of course, that the abstraction of the tenth part of
the produce of this least fertile soil' will affect the money
price of the other nine parts, when brought to market.
For this ' least fertile soil,' even upon the supposition
that it yields no surplus as rent, evidently yield a surplus
beyond the cost of tillage, as tithes. It the demand for
tithes ceased to exist, the consequence in 1.1:;s very case
would be—not that the market value of the whole produce
would he diminished—but that the landowner, who is
now said to receive nothing, would then obtain as rent
the portion which is at present the property of the tithe
owner."

Gently, if you please. Let us take the case of a
new country like America, with abundance of a
fertile land, in situations distant from towns. In
such a country the tenth of the produce as tithe
would be a deduction to that extent from the cul-
tivation, which would, of course, be to him, as if
the soil to that extent had been rendered less pro-
ductive. But suppose the tithe to be done away
with, the possessors of the soil would benefit to
that extent, but they would not the wore be
enabled to obtain rent. In an old country, in
which there are soils cf various qualities, the qua-
lity beyond that which the necessities of the com-
munity require to be under cultivation pays no
rent. There are certain tracts in the Highlands of
Scotland, of which the rent per acre is the merest
trifle. If there no tithe, the cultivation in
breaking up an inferior soil would merely leave the
cultivator to consider whether it would reimburse
him, at the existing prices, the labour bestowed on
it. But with tithe, he must wait till the price rose
to such a length as to reimburse him, not merely for
his labour, but the tenth of the produce to be taken
from him by the Parson. Let us suppose a High-
land landlord with some thousand acres of land
worth sixpence an acre. If this land would at the
existing prices remunerate the cultivator for his
labour, he might be disposed to covenant for the
sixpence ; but the price must be so high before he
can cultivate, that it must not only pay him for his
ltbour, but enable him to give his tenth of the pro-
ducerat: to the Parson, before he can venture to culti-
There it tt s always a tenth of the produce added
i(the puce paid by the consumer, so that tithe
s)nOt aburden on the consumer, except in

• cases where the landlords have no monopoly. This
• subject is of great importance to the community,
and we are glad to see the Church enterieg on the
controversy.—elforning Chronicle.
The propriety of the execution of all laws must
of necessity, in some measure, depend upon the dis-
cretion and good sense of the functionaries to whom
that execution is confided. Who the person or per-
sons is or are to whom the observations we are about
to make may be applicable we are wholly ignorant ;
' and, therefore, we can have no personal motive upon
earth in what we are about to say; but we will pre-
mise generally, what every day's experience shows,
that no great share of discrimination has been at any
time exercised in the appointment of those have to
administer the laws which daily affect the comfort
and well-being of the people. What is law at Bow-
street to-day is declared to-morrosv not to be t',e
law at Whitechapel; and the applicant or informer,
who is one day triumphant at Marylebone, may to-
morrow be floored and turned out of Court as an
ignoramus by the authorities of Worship-street.
Such and so various are the modes of interpreting
and administering the same laws in different streets
and places of the very same city ! For the truth of
these remarks we appeal to a case which occurred
on the first day of the present Old Bailey Sessions,
when two children were tried for stealing a patty-
pan, containing a penny tart, from a pastry-
cook's shop in Sydney's-alley—a case which some
Magistrates would never have sent to trial. We ad-
mit that the tart-loving children were proved to be
common thieves, or, as the fashionai;le phrase of the
day has it " juvenile delinquet ;" and we also
admit that a pastry-cook's property is just of as
much consequence to him, and as fit to be defended,
as that of a jeweller; but there used to be such a
principle as "de minindt non carat /c.r;" and if the
minimum of injury and of 'crime can be conceived,
we think it would centre in the trumpety offence of
a child stealing a bun or a tart. Suppose an old
woman, " not having the fear of God before her
eyes, but moved by the instigation of the devil,"
were to pour a clandestine dish of bohea out of her
neighbour's tea-pot, or feloniously take a pinch of
snuff out of her neighbour's box, would any body
alive (except some sapient Magistrate) dream of
sending her to Newgate to be tried for a fe-
lony ? Yet such, forsooth, is to be the fate of
an unlucky urchin, who, having the previous cha-
racter of a thief, gratifies his longing for an apple-
tart, to the still greater gratification of the vigilant
policeman, who probably gets, in addition to his
salary, from ten to twenty shillings for bringing
these tart-devouring youths to justice ! And this
happens in the highest criminal Court of the British
Empire, and swells the statistical accounts of our
national state of crime! If such things do not turn
law, and justice, and its administration into ridicule,
we know not what will. We pity jurors who are
summoned from their homes to try such cases.—
Morning Herald.
The official returns of the exports of British ma-
nufacture and produce, from the year 1798, inclu-
sive, to the sth of January, 1830, and the exports
of cotton goods from the year 1814 to the latter
period, of the former of which we give extracts in
another part of our colutnns, are among the most
important Parliamentary papers printed this Session,
as showing the actual and relative state of trade
from documentary evidence. These papers, it will
be recollected, were moved for by Alderman Waith-
man ; and certainly, if arithmetical proof be worth
any thing, and that proof furnished under the hand
of Government itself, they fully corroborate the
statements which the worthy Alderman made in
the House of Commons, and decide the question, as
to the depression of trade of late years, by the most
conclusive demonstration. These returns, it will
be observed, specify the officio/ and real value of the
exports for the last thirty years ; with the increase
and decrease, as the same may be, in each year, of
the real as compared with the official value, and the
gross amounts. Thus have we brought under our
eyes at one view the state of trade and commerce,
with all the fluctuations, during the above-mentioned
period, so that at a single glance may be seen the
ruinous extent of depreciation which has taken place
in the value of goods, and particularly siece the
passing of the Currency Bill and the adoption of
Mr. Huskisson's misnamed " reciprocity system."
Besides the depreciation in value, which will ac-
count, in a great measure, for the existing distress,
these papers show, in contradiction to Mr. Huskis-
son and his disciples, who have boasted of the in-
crease of our foreign trade, a great and alarming fall-
ing off, to the amount of several millions a year,
which must have considerably increased the distress
and embarrassment that have so generally prevailed,
and affords the best answer to all that has been said
and written in favour of those measures which, un-
der the spacious names of free trade and commercial
reciprocity, have E 0 seriously affected the great in-
terest of the country. We do not say that the de-
lusion which a few wild and visionary theorists in
political economy have been enabled to practise on
the Government and people of this country is unex-
ampled in the history of nations, but we do say it
would be difficult to find anything to surpass it in
the history of legislative infatuation. In looking at
the documents in question, our readers as well as
ourselves can only wonder that the misrepresenta-
tions respecting the trade and commerce of
the country which the " political economists"
dealt in should have been trumpeted forth,
year after year, without contradiction, in the
face of such astounding facts, and that, out
.of 658 " intelligent" Representatives of the
people, none should have brought this evidence un-
der the public eye before, or, apparently, have made
themselves acquainted with it. When Alderman
Waithman stated those facts to the House scarcely
and body seemed to credit them. So little, indeed,
were the 658 legislators inclined to think they
wanted any information from practical and experi-
enced men upon the question, that there was a ma-
nifest disposition to run him down, and rather to
silence than to answer him. There were only Mr.
Robinson and Mr. Attwood who had the boldness
and honesty to stand up to support him, if we ex-
cept Mr. Sadler, who gave a powerful aid, and who,
on more occasions than one, has dealt rather roughly
with the cob-web sophistries of the theorists. It
should not be forgotten, while upon this topic, that
the Speech from the Throne, at the opening of the
Sesion, announced " great increase of exports" as
a subject of public congratulation, and a proof of
the flourishing, or, at least, improving state of com-
merce. On that occasion the worthy Alderman
ventured to predict it would turn out that no increase
in real value had taken place; and the very Govern-
ment who put that statement in the King's Speech)
now furnish the best evidence of the fallacy of their
own assertion. In fact, say one who takes the
trouble to look at the printed document will see
that, as compared with the previous year, there has
not only been no increase in the real value of the
exports last year, but there has been a decrease of
nearly one million, the real value of the exports of
die year ending the sth of January, 1829, being
36,150,379/., and the real value of the exports of
the year ending the sth of January, 1830, being
only 35,212,873/., showing a decrease of 937,506/,
or nearly one million sterling, as we have stated. In
the year 1816, the year after the war, the real value
of our exports was 49,653,2451., which, compared
with that of the last year, showsa falling off to the
amount of 14,440,3721. In 1819 it was 45,180,1501.,
which, on a similar comparison, gives a decrease in
round numbers of nearly ten millions. The last four
years, as compared with the previous four, which
includes the great year of joint-stock speculation,
show a falling off amounting to about thirty-five
millions ; and if we look to the year 1826
we will see that the excess of official value over
the real value was only eight millions, while in the
last year it was no less than 20 millions. So have
our exports as to quantity increased, but in value
diminished ! We are aware that the argument, if
so it can be called, which the economists have re-
course to in such a case, is that the price of the
commodity exported is no object, if an equal dimi-
nution of value takes place in the imports, as the

trader gets quantity for quantity. But let us see
how this operates. If a merchant exports, for
instance, one hundred huts, and sells them for 1001.
and gets wine of the value of 1001., who will say
that the transaction is not more profitable to him
than if he sells his 100 bats for 701., and gets 100
dozen of wine, worth 70/.? Is he not benefited to
the extent of 301. in the one case, and injured to
the extent of 301. in the other ? Is he not in that
proportion less able to pay rent and taxes, and poor-
rates ? hi short, does not the merchant suffer so
far in his profit ? Must not the master-manufac-
turer in that degree diminish his prices ; must he
not also, in the same degree, reduce the wages
of his workmen ? and in the same proportion
must not the workmen abate something of the
comforts, or forego part of the necessaries of
life ? Hence a rolling off in the consumption of
excisable articles, and a consequent diminution cf
the revenue. Thus does the system operate in
breaking down the prosperity of our merchants and
manufacturers—inflicting wretchedness and misery
on the working classes, and producing embarrass-
ment to the State. It is true that, while the pro-
ductive classes suffer, the vary cause that oppresses
them produces a temporary benefit to the unproduc-
tive clases, who have fixed incomes, and who live
upon the taxes. The salaries of Ministers, public
officers, and sinecurists, are enhanced in value in
proportion to the fall in prices. The tax-receiver
drinks his claret cheaper, but the weaver, the
cotton-spinner, and other artisans, are obliged to
reliquish their beer—perhaps give up a meel a day
—and, after all, be obliged to seek a refuge in the
workhouse. A morning Ministerial Paper, with a
view to exonerate the " free trade" system from
the charge of aggravating this state of things,
says that the diminished value of the exports
is to be accounted for by reduction of taxation,
improved machinery, the change in the cur-
rency, lee. Now, the fact is, that, notwith-
standing the reduction of taxes since the war, the
change in the currency has enhanced the value of
the taxes in more than the proportion that they have
been reduced, so that our manufacturers, merchants,
and artisans, muy be said to be still burdened et ith a
war taxation, while the value of exports has so greatly
diminished, that in the last year of the war the
qfieial value fell short of the real value by 10 mil-
lions, and last year the tables were so completely
turned, that the real value, on the contrary, fell short
of the official by 20 millions 1 Who, therefore, caii
wonder at the embarrassment and distress which
prevails among the productive classes, seeing that
prices are so ruinously low, while the change in the
currency makes the taxes higher than when the war
prices existed, and the manufacturers of compara-
tively untaxed countries pour their goods into Eng-
land, and are enabled, by the cheapness of produc-
tion, to drive nearly ail competition from the field ?
—Morning Herald.
Our attention has been called to a pamphlet pub-
lished by Mr. Ridgway on the subject of emigra-
tion and colonization, and the same subject has been
further pressed upon our attention by various other
pamphleteers and letter-writers, by as many com-
munications as woul I sink a coal-barge, and whose
varied schemes all profess the same object, namely,
the relief of the existing distress. Without mean-
ing to pass any opinion on these numerous projects,
which may amuse people who have a taste for every
thing that is perplexiug and incomprehensible—
without dilating on the tininess of Mr. Horton, the
grave absurdities of Mr. Owen, the splendid bubble
of the Swan River, the exporting plan, the trans-
porting plan, and all the various plans for dealing
..e:th population as a farmer would deal with a crop
of Windsor beans—without, we say, getting aground
upon any of these subjects, we shall at once state
our reasons for resisting and rejecting all the
schemes of emigration which have been or may yet
be conceived. Before gentlemen, who form them-
selves into societies in order to promote self-ex-
patriation, have a right to call upon the public
to provide funds or in any way assist them
in their projects, they are bound to show that this
country does not possess the means of subsisting
the present or any increased quantum of population.
The onus probandi is with them. We have nothing
to do with the truism that there are ten thousand or
ten millions of people in this country who are un-
derfed and suffering maily privations. This argu-
ment is inadmissible unless it can be clearly, satis-
factorily, and incontestably established that the re-
sources of this country, if fully developed, and its
protective policy properly exerted, and its cultiva-
tion fairly encouraged, are inadequate to the main-
tenance of the existing population. This, however,
is not proved—nay, it is not even affirmed—col:se-
queatly we have a right to demur to emigration on
this ground alone. But supposing it to be affirmed,
and that certain persons are of opinion that we
ha% e carried our increase of population not only to
its maximum but to excess. If this be affirmed,
we are prepared to contest the proposition. We
deny the existence of any redundant population.—
We deny that the people are poor or starving from
the circumstance that we have exhausted our do-
mestic resources, or pushed cultivation or improve-
ment to the utmost extent. In short, we maintain
exactly the converse. We admit distress—admit
more of it than even the projectors against whom
we contend—but at the same time we assert, that
this distress is caused by bad laws, by ignorant Mi-
nisters, by an ambitious body of mercantilists, by
the weaving and spinning interests, which would, if
they had the power, convert England into a work-
shop for all the corn countries and colonies of the
world. No man who travels over England can fail
to discern that there is ample room for extended
and unproved cultivation. The money that is an-
nually expended, and for ever as much lost as if it
were flung into the sea, in carrying corn from the
Baltic to the Thames would go far in reclaiming
many thousands of acres of waste lands. Here is
one error, and if we had leisure we could state fifty
others, all tending to show that it would be better
policy to nurture and improve our domestic re-
sources than vainly strive to remedy existing evils
by removing the best part of our population. But
we may recur to the subject.—Morning Journal.