The Sun.
London, England, 1839-05-27 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY, M

formers of the middle classes and of the lower
classes uniting, we should then have some definite
idea of what should be demanded and what could
be obtained, for we should then know what we
could command. At present the plain fact is,
that the Radical or reforming party can obtain
nothing, because the lower classes and the middle
classes who compose it are disunited. The Tories
triumph by their quarrels.
It will be noticed that the resolution of the
Kersal Moor men state their numbers at five
acquire the practice of their art. Now, surely, the
blindest of bigots will not deny that Dissenters
have a right to be educated; and if they admit
this, they must necessarily admit that such educa-
tion ought to be conducted by competent persons.
If, then, the produce of taxes, which are paid
equally by all classes and sects, can legitimately be
hundred thousand. Our Reporter states that they
were fewer than at another meeting, which was esti-
mated to amount to two hundred thousand, and
was probably but the half of that number. If the
ineeting, therefore, of Saturday, consisted of fifty
thousand persons, the resolution must have exag-
gerated the number ten times. Such little matters
have a great tendency to bring contempt on all the
proceedings of the Chartists.

We see by an Edinburgh Paper that Mr.
ABERCROMBY means to resign his seat for Edin-
burgh, and Mr. MACAULEY has been invited to
fill it. We trust that the present prospect of a
cordial union between the Ministers and the Radical
Members of the House of Commons will extend
its influence to the Whigs and Radicals of Edin-
burgh, and make them unite to give Mr. ABER-

CROMBY a worthy successor.
Mr. ABERCROMBY cannot, we presume, yet
have incapacitated himself from bearing his testi-
mony in the House of Commons to-night as to the
great fitness of Mr. LEFEVItE, of which no person
can be a better judge, to succeed him. Mr. GOUL-
BURN, we are assured by the Itunday organs of
the Tories, will be most zealously supported by
his own party, which will bring all its resources
into play to ensure his success. One of its arts is
an insidious attempt to induce the Radicals to
propose Mr. BERNAL as a third candidate for the
Chair. But they are not to be so caught, and Mr.
BERNAL we are well convinced would at once de-
cline being put into nomination. Though Mr. GOUL-
BURN is, both from his extreme political opinions and
his personal character, most unfit to be placed in the
Chair, yet his long standing in the House of Com-
mons, and his being supported by the whole Tory
party, must convince all Reformers that it would
be an Extremely hazardous thing to take any steps
which might lessen the number of Mr. LEFEVRE'S
friends. Mr. GOULBURN is put forward by the
Tories to serve a Tory purpose ; he is the type of
the most bigoted or ultra Tories ; and to allow

him to succeed would be as bad as if the House of
Commons had negatived Lord JOHN RUSSELL'S
resolution relative to the Government of Ireland.

No Reformer should be absent from his post to
day, or should fail to vote for Mr. LEFEVRE.

The glory of the PITT Club, which once filled
the land, is sadly dimmed. Instead of boasting, as
the Pittites were wont, of having saved the State,
they are obliged to admit that they have failed "
the object of their ambition." They deserved, how-
ever, according to Lord REDESDALE, who was the
Chairman, to have succeeded, but the young and
excellent Lady who rules these realms was under a
delusion, and would not allow them. Still they
exult in having sacrificed no principle to popular
clamour, and not an iota of their independence as
a party. In other words, the Tories continue hear-
tily to despise the people, and continue still to

hope that they may, as a party, coerce both the
QUEEN and the people. Her MAJESTY has,
however, too much shrewdness not to see through
the flimsy Tory gauze, and is too much delighted
with the free, honest, and hearty congratulations
of her people, which pour ill on her tro:n all sidrs,

to exchange them for the cold smiles and formal
requests, amounting to commands, of the Tories.
Her MAJESTY has the great satisfaction, too, of
knowing that she merits the hearty congratulations
of the people, for the exclusion of the Tories from
office was entirely her own act. Of all such plea-
sures as those derived from the honest expression
of a people's love the Tories would for ever deprive
her MAJESTY. Their hatred of the people, their
scorn of all popular sentiments, were they her ad-
visers, would cut off her MAJESTY from all popu-
lar sympathy, and isolate her in the midst of her own

dominions, Instead of the public approbation they
would compel her to be content with their assurance
that they were promoting her happiness and the na-
tional prosperity. We like them best, and so we pre-
sume, does her MAJESTY, in their present position,
exiles from the Court, and aliens from the people. That
the Tories should now despise and condemn popu-
lar approbation is quite consistent with the whole
course of their conduct, but to have them railing a.
tie Court is as extraordinary as it is gratifying
Long may they continue to rail, for when they again
praise the Court, it will be like a savage, praising
the plumpness of a captive, bound and helpless,
whom he is about to devour.

Nothing hut mortification awaits them. Her
MAJESTY'S ball on Friday, which they have
sought to depreciate, was unusually splendid,
and gladly attended by as many Tories as
could procure admission. They contemplated
establishing a rival Court at Marlborough-
house, but that project too has failed. The
DOWAGER QUEEN is not inclined, it is said, to
spend her revenue on other persons' projects, and
she prefers the economy of Bushy to the extrava-
2ance of Pall-mall.

On the much-neglected but all-important theme
of a National System of Education we this day
present to our readers a sketch of the concluding
Lecture of Mr. SIMPSON-it will amply repay
them by a perusal, and, we trust, make them regret
their having missed the opportunity of hearing so
distinguished an advocate for the improvement of
the'mental and moral faculties of the great body of
the people. It is full of the soundest philosophy
to the whole family of man—it is Reform in its
most extensive signification—it is National Eco-
nomy in its utmost limit—it is the intellectual ele-
vation of the millions that is the great object of Mr.
MP SO N'S labours. We are delighted to learn that
the public may again hear Mr. StmrsoN on Sa-
turday next, at WlLLts's Rooms, at twelve for
one o'clock, when Lord BROUGHAM, one of the
Committee, will present to Mr. SIMPSON a piece
of plate, as a small memorial of approbation of the
value of his services in the great cause of Educa-
tion. We trust our numerous readers of the work-
ing classes will appreciate Mr. SIMPSON'S labours
in their cause.

The explanation which is given in another part
of The Sun, in a letter to the Rev. Mr. KENNE-
DY, by Mr. KAY, the Secretary to the Committee of
the Privy Council for Education, deserves the
serious attention of the public. It points out a
great mistake into which Mr. KENNEDY has
fallen, and into which we believe the public gene-
rally have fallen. The plan laid down by the
Committee is only for the Normal School, and is
not intended to be enforced in all the Primary
Schools throughout the empire. Mr. KAY's letter
is plainly and sincerely written, and carries convic-
tion with it.

Mr. KENNEDY seems to us to have a strange
mode of reasoning, for he accuses the proposed
plan of producing general scepticism and infidelity,
and paving the way for Popery. Now, how a
scheme can at once make men infidels and Pa-
pists, sceptics and blind beiiev,.Ts. we do !wt
Mr. KENN !: DY, CX-

plain. He wanted to censure the system, and so he
reved together contumelious expressions, not no-
ticing, or not caring, that they contradicted each
other.

Much has been written about the existence of
Secret Societies in France ; but though not inat-
tentive to the revelations of the French Press upon
the subject for the last seven years, we do not re-
member to have read any account at once so ex-
plicit and so momentous as the following, from the
leading columns of the Courrier Francais—one of
the most respectable and trustworthy organs of the
liberal party, and in general a warm supporter of
the Orleans dynasty. It speaks a language new to
the Court, and to Monarchical Europe, but if its
admonitions be attended to, it is a language which
may avert the most fatal calamities from France :
" Since the 12th of May we have been under
the complete influence of terror. The Secret So-
cieties, which but a few days back were spoken dis-
dainfully of, have assumed all at once, in the imaei-
nation of the public, gigantic proportions. One
meets persons who foretel the very day and hour of
the breaking out of a second insurrection. At the
noise of the most insignificanc squabble that takes
place in the streets of Paris, the soldiers at the
dffercnt military posts run to their arms, and the
reserves put themselves in readiness to march. The
Government partakes in some measure of this feel-
ing of alarm, since it has thought necessary to
reinforce the garrison. The foreign diplomatists,
who regard with joy and hope this state of disor-
der, exclaim that Fiance is upon a volcano.
Anti the Min:ster of the Interior, wishing to
quiet the fears of the Deputies, can find nothing
better to say to them than the following phrase,
which was repeated in the Bureaux of the Cham-
ber : You need not fear the secret societies, for
they arc divided amongst themselves.' Must we
then not tremble in case they should come to a good
understanding with each other, and resolve to ac
in concert ? The Opposition, God be praised;
takes no part in these morbid apprehensions. It
regards the present state of things without alarm, but
also without affecting a feigned security. We like not
to see a great people become as susceptible of ter-
ror as a child, though the circumstances by which
they are surrounded are not probably without alarm-
ing symptoms, for we will not take upon ourselves to
assert that the danger is past. It is now too evident to
admit of doubt that there is a certain number of men
in France determined to brave everything in order to
change the form of the Government ; these men,
who, under a moderate, liberal, and independent
administration, would not be formidable, may bor-
row from the anarchy or violence of those in power
a force which, without such circumstances, they
could not pretend to. These secret societies have
been formed in despite of the law, and probably,
owing to the very severity of that law, have now ac-
quired a more formidable organization than they
ever had before. We must revert to the worst
days of the restoration to find so great and
so united a number of avowed enemies of
the Government. These associations form a
world of their own, which is impenetrable to the
lessons of the Press, or the advice of experienced
men. At the present moment there is an entire
and absolute separation between the new Carbonari
and the other classes of society. These secret as-
sociations exert an influence over the woe king classes
without controul or counterpoise. In their clandes-
tine meetings political passions are carried to the
highest point of fermentation, and there are born
and developed the strangest opinions, which are
thence disseminated amongst the lowest class of
the people, and by them received as articles of
faith. The tnembers of these societies speak a
language unknown to us, have other interests, and
au end in view that we cannot understand. Should
things remain long in this state, and the labouring
classes be exposed without any defence, beyond the
probity and generosity of their feelings, to the se-
ductive influence of these ideas of disorganisation,
we shall be threatened with a speedy and terrific
explosion. We should then have to combat not a
party more or less intelligent, but confusion arid dis-
otder in their naked and simple forms; not a republic,
but a modern Jacquerie. We know not what
will be done to change this critical state of things,
but we know that it is- imperatively necessary to
adopt different measures from those hitherto pur-
sued. The divorce which appears Umninent be-
tween the middle and labouring classes must be
prevented, no matter at what sacrifice. The police
and the execution of the laws, especially framed for
that purpose, may. repel revolt for a time, but
they do not go to the root of the evil, nor prevent
society from being continually on the qui vine.
You must meet half way the discontented, if you
wish to avoid insurrection. Encourage publicly use-
ful associations, and you will thereby prevent the
working classes from being seduced into secret
societies, which have conspiracies for their object.
Pay as much attention to the education of adults
as to that of children, and let it be no longer your
policy to look upon the working classes as in a
state of minority. Provide them with work, and
mAe war against idleness and profligacy instead of
against public opinion. Let not your power be
looked upon as the idol of monopolists ; what you
have hitherto done far a few, do now for all ; and
though you may still have some opponents, you
will no longer have any enemies."

The announcement which appeared in our
columns of Saturday evening of an express having
reached Paris from Marseilles, with the important
news that hostilities had commenced between the
Paella of EGYPT and the SULTAN, on the Syrian
frontier, is confirmed by the French Journals of
Saturday. But though there exists no doubt as to
the transmission of such news from Alexandria,
under date of the 7th inst., there appears every
reason to regard the statement as much exaggerated.
That the SULTAN would rejoice at the opportunity
of taking the field against his rebellious vassal
is quite certain, nor is there any ground for
supposing that MEHEMET ALI would avoid a
contest for which he has been long preparing ; but
the Cabinets of London, Paris, and St. Petersburg
have formally notified to the PORTE and the
DACHA that there must be no war for tl►e present.
This notification we do not. suppose that either of
them will dare to disregard. That a collision has
taken place between the troops of the SULTAN
and the PACHA is highly probable, but we presume

it was a mere skirmish. It is stated in advices from
Vienna, of the 15th instant, in another part of The
Sun, that want of provisions compelled HAFEZ
PACHA, the SULTAN'S Cotnniander-in- Chief on
the Syrian frontier, to make a movement, which
was neither a retreat nor a hostile demonstra-
tion, on" the 15th ult. ; and it is probable that in a
march of seventy miles the troops of IBRAHIM
PACIIA, stationed at various points near the line
of march, opposed-what they might have mistaken
for a hostile demonstration. What tends to con-
firm us in this impression is, that no account of
hostilities had reached Constantinople on the 7th
instant. In addition to several private letters from
the Turkish Capital of that date, all stating that
the fears of a war between the SULTAN anti the
VICEROY of Egypt had disappeared for the pre-
sent ; we find the following! announcement in the
Journal de Smyrne of the 9th instant
According to the intelligence from Constantinople,
dated the 7th inst., all fears of war with Mehemet Ali had
vanished, and it was believed in the diplomatic circles of
Pere that an arrangement was about being concluded be-
tween the Sultan and his vassal, which would secure peace
in the east. The advices from Alexandria of the 26th ult.
were likewise of a pacific nature. They stated, on the
authority of recent accounts from Syria, that the apprehen-
sion of hostilities in that quarter had almost ceased ; that
the two armies, which had advanced to within a short dis-
tance of each other had afterwards made a retrogade move.
be.
meat ; that the Ottoman forces had retired to Musson],
and those of Ibrahim Pacha to the interior of Syria. ‘. Ne-
vertheless," adds one of these letters, "it is generally
lieved in Bagdad that this is a mere temporary suspension
of arms ; still a conviction pervades the whole of Syria
that this year at least will pass over without any hostilities."
Ibrahim Pacha has established his camp between Aluppo and
Damascus, in order to watch the movements of the disaf.
fecttd mountaineers ; and to keep his army occupied, he
employed it in digging a canal intended to convey water to
Aleppo.
The Ottoman fleet was not expected to leave the arsenal
before the 20th inst., when it was to stop some time in the
Bosphorus, previous to its sailing on a cruise similar to that
of last year.
Still it may be important to observe that the news
of 9 1172,r in. the Ens,. created a ;rent sensati in
1;015. To 1r preparLd fur the worst, the French

lawyer, to accept the Home Department in the
Cabinet. M. Xim.ENEs had likewise con-
sented to retain the Portfolio of -.Finance, 'so that
the Ministry, such as it is, may be said to be almost
complete.

The news of the accession to office of a Tory
Ministry in England, had filled the Spanish
Liberals with the utmost alarm. Most of the
Deputies appeared thunderstruck, and consterna-
tion reigned in the Palace and at the Council-
hoard. The next mail from London was awaited
with the utmost anxiety. It is needless to observe,
that the joy of the Carlists was as excessive as the
brief of the Christinos.
___

We subjoin from the Moniteur Parisien, the
evening Government organ, and the Messager of
Saturday, official details of the newly-discovered
conspiracies :
___.

The authorities of Avignon having been apprised
that there existed in that city an armed secret society, the
Prefect of Vaucluse directed that search be made in several
suspected houses, which led to its detection. It appears
from the evidence discovered, that the association was com-
posed of workmen, enrolled under the orders of young men
belonging to the best families of the south, and who pro-
fessed ultra- Legitimatist opinions. On the 17th a com-
missary of police (M. Lamy) entered a house, pointed out
as the place in which the meetings of the society were
usually held, and found 28 persons assembled in it. He
seized various papers showing its military organization,
lists of the members, and seventy-six cockades, green on
one side and white on the other. The next day search was
made in the houses of the individuals mentioned in those
lists, and several in whose possession arms and cartridges
were discovered were arrested and committed to prison.
The affair would be tried by the Royal Court of Nismes
The Moniteur Parisien declares that it is totally uncon-
nected with the insurrection in Paris on the 12th inst.
The Messager states that the conspiracy was discovered
by an agent sent to the south of France by the central
police of Paris. On receipt of this communication the '
Government ordered, by telegraph, searches to be made in
Avignon, Carcassonne, and other towns. In the first a
quantity of arms and ammunition was found, arid in Car-
cassonne a number of individuals professing ultra- Legit ima-
tist opinions were arrested. The police, however, have not
been able to lay hold of the chiefs of the plot, the ramifications
of which are said to extend to the capital. Domiciliary
visits were made and repeated the next morning in several
houses adjoining the Rue Neuve du Luxembourg, Paris,
in which papers, arms, and some ammunition were seized.
The pr-Trietors happened to be absent, and could not be
arrested. It was reported on Friday evening that M.
Daguenet, a deputy, and Attorney-General of Nimes,
had left for Avignon to investigate the affair.
The funeral of General Demarcay took place on Friday,
at the Church of the Assumption. His remains were after-
wards conveyed to the Cemetery of Pere la Chaise, where
he was interred with the military honours due to his rank.
The four corners of the pall were borne by Mar4ial Mai-
son, M. Sauzet, President of the Chamber of Deputies,
and Messrs. Laffite and Junyen.
The Court has just incurred a new defeat. M. Emile
de Girardin lost his election at Bourganeuf on the 23d.
M. Peyramont, his competitor, obtained 67 votes, and M.
Girardin 63. The former was accordingly proclaimed the
deputy of the arrondissement.

BOURSE.—Pasts, SATURDAY, MAY 25.
HALF-PAST THREE. —The market has been very brisk,
and a great deal of business done. The fear of Fiance
being put to expense in consequence of the hostilities
which have commenced between the Turks and Egyptians,
may probably have caused the weakness of the French
Stocks, as it could be in no other way than by an increase
of the navy. For the Account the Three per Cents. opened
at elf. ; something was done at 81f. 5c., and after being
81f. 90e., they closed at 80f. 95e., a fall on yesterday
( Friday) of '2O cents., and of 40 cents. since Thursday,
on the evening of which rumours of the above event began
to circulate. The Five per Cents , from 111 f. declined to
110 f. 90c., a fall of 15c. For Money, the Three per Cents.
arc 20c., and the Five per Cents. 15c. lower. The Bank
of France Shares have declined 10f., as have the Laffitte
Bank of 5,000 f. Shares; those of I,ooof. have not varied.
The Belgian Five per Cents. close as yesterday. The
Bank Shares are rlt. lower. The Belgian Three per Cents.
for the Account, 721. The Spanish Active from 20 de-
clined to 19i, and recovered to close at 20. The St. Ger-
main Railway Shares are unaltered. The Versailles Right
Bank have declined 7f. 50c., and those of the Left Bank
12f. 50c.

---- - - -
First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price Price
French 5 per Cents
... 1 0 SO
4 per ( ents . 101 70 ... 1,1 70 ... 101 70 ... 101 7 ,
3 per Cents BO 95 ... 81
... SO go „. g s 90
Bank of trance
Laffitte Bank 1:000001 Sshh
51072551
...52501480
..24
....5107t
.....45.512080
5
Belgian 5 per Cents
1013 ... 102 ... 1013 ... 102
Bank
705 ... BCO ... 795 ... 600
Spanish Ac ive 2O ... 20 ... 19k ... 20
Passive 4% ... 4 ... 44 ... 4%
Neal olitan
Roman
10114 .. 10! ... 101 ... Igi
.........
RAILWAY SHARES.

St. Germain
Versailles, IC. B 690 ... 692 50 ... 690 ... 690 50
L.B. SI2 50 .4. 312 50 ... 300 ... 3,0 50
Havr:
... sii,
47,1 .. ;71 .„ 479 .
orloar. ... 4,4;
,t,.,,htirg te Italy
ilt111141ise!: t 4. 11).11111 ;: 5 g.,: .. 365... ... 3,5
• -