The Sun.
London, England, 1863-11-04 00:00:00

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of the Admiralty, for the purpose of ena Ting Cfr---,jjr7l.-1,. :I.f.
M'Killop to institute some experiments\ilth"44..CA.kjy'e
flexible coffer dam, or portable dock, cleiniii 41 S
machine, submitted by him to the Admiralty, al Id
with which the inventor undertakes to demonstat `e
the practicability of employing men in removink 1'
the marine and other formations on the bottol us ot:
iron ships without any necessity for their I. eittg
placed in dock for that purpose. The Adventure
has been ordered to be operated upon at Chath am,
because iron ships are found to foul more rapid].) - in
that harbour than at any of the other naval ports.
The screw steam sloop Royalist, 11, at D evon pee t,
which is ordered to be put in commission, will have'
a crew of 130 men, and will most likely be sent to
the North American station:
The screw steam corvette Scylla, 21, having been
thoroughly repaired after her collision with the
merchant ship Duke of Wellington, has received
her powder and.'Lmrounition, and is now in Ply.
month Souad waiting orders.
The Lords of the Admiralty have ordered the
removal of the Muntz's metal from the bottom of
the iron-cased screw steamship Royal Oak, 35,
Capt. Frederick A. Campbell, one of the Channel
squadron, now in dock at Keylittni steenayarrl.
Vice-Admiral of the Red Sir Charles H. Fre-
mantle, K.C.8., the newly-appointed naval Com-
mander-in-Chief at Devonport, hoisted his flag at
gunnerypredecessor, silraipl.
board the
Cambridge, Capt. Charles J. P. E wart, in Ilamoaze,
ofand
th seaßlultueed
Sirth Heiag h
Stewart,
o
ston,of
K.C.8., which
was duly acknowledged -by the Royal Adelaide.
u
After this ceremony Admiral Stewart struck his
flag on board the Royal
Adelaide, which then
re-
ceived from the Cambridge the new Commander's
flag, red at the fore. Admiral Fremantle com-
menced his duties yesterday morning.
C.
at the Admiralty—Captain Henry Caldwell, ,
The following appointments were made yesterday
to the Royal Adelaide; Lieut. F. W. Inglefield and
D. G. Lieut. H. R. Bergers, to the Tamar ; A.
Sut-
ton, master, to the Indus, for the Cordelia; Robert
H. Paul and Wm. H, Roberts, midshipmen, to the
Royalist; Henry J. Chalice and Munro Scott,
master's-assistants, to the Tamar.
A flag officer's "service pension" is placed at the
disposal of the First Lord of the Admiralty by the
death, on the Ist inst., of Admiral George Frederick
Rich, on the reserved half-pay.

than two-thirds, of the bakehouses are underground,
the rest being on a level with the street.
3, Fifty-one, or about one-third of the whole
number, were in a filthy condition ; and ju four
cases the ventilation was imperfect. Nearly all the
dirty bakehouses were in the eastern and north-
eastern districts of the City.
4. T.lwre.was buy one instance of the occupation
of the bakehouse as sleeping place, contrary to
the piovision# of the Era of Parliament.
And lastly?although there were 23 persons of less
than 18 years of age employed in the City bake-
houses, the hours of labour for such persons were
not earlier than five in, the morning, or later than
nine at night.
Excepting, ,therefore, that many of the bake-
houses were in a filthy 'condition, and required
sanatory improvement, the results of the inspection
were generally satisfactory ; and Dr. Letheby
recommended that orders should be given for the
cleansing of certain bakehouses that were specified,
and for the enforcing of provisions with regard to
ventilation, &c.
The report of , the medical officer was at once
agreed to, and it was ordered to be printed and cir-
culated amongoh9 members of the Court.
GAS SUPPLY.
Dr. LETIIEt ported that the gas supply to the
City during: the FvLek had been generally good
as regards the illumoa. g poweribut the chemical
quality in the case oirtfie Great 'Ventral and the
Chartered gas has not been good. The average pro-
portion of sulphur in the Chartered Company's gas
was 22.3 per 100 cubic feet of gas, and in the Great
Central 21.2, that of the City gas being 19.5. In
12 out of 18 observations the amount of sulphur was
above that sanctioned by the act of Parliament.
Some other business was disposed of, and the
Court adjourned.

Naval and Military Intelligence,

THE NAVY.

THE ARMY.
The following circular has just been promulgated
at Aldershot for general information and guidance :
Quartermaster-General's Office, Horse Guards,
Oct. 30, 1803.
In consequence of a representation made by the Director-
General of the Army Medical Department of the evils ac-
cruing from the too frequent washing of barrack-rooms, his
Royal Highness the Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief
has directed attention to be drawn to article 12, page 7,
Barrack Regulations, which prescribes rooms should not be
washed oftener than once a week. His Royal Highness
directs that the washing should take place early in the
morning, so that the rooms and forms may have the whole
day to dry again ; and it would be well to omit the washing
altogether in rainy or damp days in winter.
RICHARD AIRE; Quartermaster-General.
We have to record the death, on the 2d inst., of
Lieut. Bassett S. Loveless, the senior Lieutenant of
Greenwich Hospital, aged 79. He entered the Royal
Navy in 1801, was wounded off Algesiras July 6,
1801, and in 1808 was wrecked in her Majesty's
ship the Astrea, on a coral reef off Anegada, where
he remained for three months, suffering many pri-
vations from the want of food and clothing. As
Lieutenant of her Majesty's ship Castor, Cap
Capt. Chas.
Dilkes, he lost his arm at the shoulder-joint in a
boat action off Fort Monjui, during the blockade of
Barcelona in 1814. He was twice gazetted.

The success which has attended the adoption of
the double, or twin, screw principle in England and
America during the past three years has invested it
with great interest. To Captain Carpenter, R.N.,
we are undoubtedly first indebted for the introduc-
tion of the twin screws ; but the first advance of
moment in its practical demonstration was made
by Mr. G. Rennie in 1852, followed up in 1857 by
the same firm, in constructing several gunboats on
the same principal for Indian river service. From
some cause difficulties appear to have existed,
for no great success seems to have been attained, as
the principle was not followed up, and a strong feel-
ing certainly existed against its adoption for either
mercantile or warlike purposes, The single screw,
with all its acknowledged faults, accordingly held
its own against all comers. The double versus single
screw has been a subject of strong controversy at
the meetings of the Society of Arts, the Royal
United Service Institution, and other places where
such matters are discussed, as well as of lengthy
correspondence and editorial articles in the profes-
sional journals, especially since the Messrs. Dud-
geon, of Millwall, have adopted the principle, and
have begun to launch from their building yard
nearly one double screw steamer per month. The
doings of these vessels on their trial trips have been
recorded in these columns, and now the Admiralty
have adopted the principle in the construction of
some iron-plated gunboats which are about to be
laid down for the Royal Navy, taking the data ob-
tained by their officers from Messrs. Dudgeon's trial
trips for their guide. Through this long interval,
however, of partial and complete success for the
twin screws, Captain Thomas E. Symonds, R.N.,
a nephew of Sir William Symonds, once Sur-
veyor of the Navy, has been their most
earnest and persistent advocate, and the
triumph of the twin screw is, in fact, the
triumph of the plan that officer has so long advo-
cated. It is, however, doubtful how far at present
the twin may supersede the single screw. In the
Royal Navy it may possibly only be adopted in
vessels specially built to carry a heavy armament
and large engine power at a moderate draught of
water, and which may be designed for operations
on a line of coast, or off harbours,—as a coast de-
fence vessel, in fact, and therefore requiring a power
of turning shortly such as only two screws can give.
It is difficult, however, to say where the line can be
drawn, for draught of water and power of manoeuv-
ring are of equal importance with speed. On the
22d of April last, at a meeting of the Society of Arts,
Rear-Admiral the Hon. Joseph Denman, who was
in the chair, said, with reference to our large iron-
clads,—" He had no doubt two or three ships of
smaller size would be fatal antagonists to such ves •
sels as the Minotaur or Northumberland, if the
smaller vessels possessed a superior power of turning
by means of double screws." Turning, however,
from opinion to facts it will be found that the Ame-
ricans have very largely adopted the twin screws
for their men-of-war. The loss of the ironclad ram
Indianola was attributed, by the accounts of the
American papers, to her " inability to manccuvre."
The writer says,—" She fell a prey to two small
gunboats having a power of turning to a high de-
gree. They could ram her first on e side, then
on the other, till the mailed giant was beaten to
death." These two gunboats were driven by twin
screws. The Naugatuck, another American gunboat,
is fitted with twin screws, and carried a 200 pounder
Parrott gun on a fixed carriage. By the power of her
screws the vessel is trained at the object, and the gun
thus brought in a line of fire. Tho John Nelson, a
vessel used for transporting the mail trains
across the Deleavare River, is driven by twin screws,
and has to turn end for end at every trip in order
to deliver the train at the same end it entered.
She is 2251 t. long, and is stated to often perform
the maneeavre in a strong current choked with ice
in from 1 min. 20 sec. to 1 min. 30 sec. A twin
vessel is now building in America to mount two
monster guns of 50 tons each. These guns will be
on fixed carriages, will be fired at point blank range,
and will be brought to bear upon the object fired
at, like the gun of the
is the
Naugatuck,
position y t h eosfc
therAewms twine
irco
screw at there-
volvingThis
pre-
sent
and the civil war now raging
in
will supply the means of testing its usefulness for
ships of war. In a paper read by Capt. Symonds
on twin screws in April last, that officer advocates
doable keels and rudders for twin screw vessels, and
gives as his reasons that by applying twin screws
to
single keel ships of the present form the inter-
vening dead wood is a serious obstacle to their per-
fect action ; it divides and materially reduces the
column of water coming to the inner arms of the
screws, increases friction, and causes a series of
shocks that produce vibration. The vessels which
Capt. Symonds and :Mr. Roberts, C.E,, conjointly
propose for construction for twin screws are designed
for double keels, with a rudder in the line of each
keel, and nearly in a line with each screw shaft,
with the two keels cellular, and a cellular bottom
worked up into the engine frames for strength.
These propositions, however, are purely
sional, and we feel confident that with Mr. itec
P rodfeisi-}
the office of chief constructor of the navy, they,
together with the whole principle and adaptation
of the twin screw system,
conside-
ration which their importance demands,
will receive that
been received et
Admiralty instructions
ilrlarivre;l9 of the Admiralty
Chatham, notifying t hat thee
Istramer Vivid, 2, 100.
have placed the paddlewheel
Allen, at the dis-
horse power, C'omman'der
F. Bullock,
to
unable
him
posal of Reaz-A
to carry out a series of trials with his nowlv-in-
vented log, which was tested with so much success
on board the
Salamis during the recent trials of
that paddlewheel steamer at the Maplin Sande, near
Chathana•
The iron screw troopship Adventure, 1,701 tons
400 horse power, Commander T. B. Lethbridge,
gill, on her arrival in Chatham harbour, be placed
- hands of Capt, 1.1: F. WKillop, by direction

in