The Sun.
London, England, 1808-09-17 00:00:00

STATE, :14-.4i-lii.

of . .. ,
ldjress the SUPREM4 :JUNTA of VALENCIA, to,
the other Supreme Jta ttus, erp'litining the necessity
there is to nominate
,ah• Central Junta, ivhic may
/e Head-of the Nation.
All the nation is in arms to defend the,rightS of its
Sovereign. Whatever may, be our fate, Europe
cannot but admire a nation Se loyal in the depression
which it has endured, for so long a time, from puie
respe6t to the will of its Sovereign, as well as in the
energy whibli it now manifests, though it has few
► regular troops, arid a great part of its territory, and
the fortresses of its frontiers, are occupied by the
enemy. It is not less worthy of admiration; that
so many provinces, differing in genius, Charaiiier,
and even in interest, have at the Same moment,
without consulting eath other, declai-ed for their
King ; agreeing not only in the opinion, but in the
manner in which they ought to act, forming the
same wisl+eS, taking the same measures, and esta-
blishing the 'sane form of Guvertimtmt.
The same form was the most suitable and conve-
nient for the particular Government of each pro.•,
vince, but it is not Sufficient for the union of all, and,
it is indispensably necessary to give a greater exten-
sion to our ideas to form a single mined. ,'There
must be one Supreme Authority, which in the nanie
of the Sovereign may unite the direction of all the
branches of the public administration ; in one word,
it will be necessary to call together the Cortes, to
fora] a Supreme
.Body, composed of Deputies &Om
the provinces, in which may reside the Regency of
the kingdom, the supreme governing authority, and
the national representation.
The greatest advantage which we can give to our
even vies, and on which they probably calculate, will
be to ander each province to remain detached, and
subje a only to its own particular government. Spain
woult l not be a kingdoM, but an assemblage of se-
paratts governments, exposed to the convulsions and
disorders naturally produced by popular influence,
and ci msequently feeble, and easily subjugated one
after I he other.

In I be midst of the ardour which now unites us,
we mt Ist-not lose sight of the paSsions to which hu-
maniti ris subjett. To the just enthusiasm which
now a nimates us, may succeed jealousy, envy, (111.
fereno of opinions, and want of agreement, which
may destroy the harmony of the prui,inces, to which
the different character 01 the inhanitatus will not fail
,to coil tribute—a truth whicircannot escape any of
our coguntrymen.

But: if we are agreed in these principles, it is cer-
tain (bait we ought nt.,t to luseatnoment iu adopting
o the mst etfedual means to produce this union of
author ity.
In the Convention enter,d into between the Su-
preme Juntas of Seville an , 6ratta-a, the points ,re
establitihed on which the-twu l:uvetittnews, biL7h
in Fact are federative, %%tit agree, until our Aing and
Lord ;Von• Hernando P. 11., shall be restored to the
throne, who, by convoking the fortes, or by some
other I) jeans, navy consult toe general go of the na-
tion. The rest of the pro. inc es seem to r,at e adopt•
ed the sameldea, supposing that this interregnum
.cannot be long, ntid that, in the mean tiwe, each
prov int may maintam its own Supreme iapendent
Goveri :mem.

We °ugh, nut, however, to flatter .eurselves With
hopes which may not be-realized. And even should
they bE. one day realiied, how long may we ream n
in our 1 iresent state. In the mean time, what body
is there to maintain a correspondence with fOreign
Powers ? None of them will treat formally with a
single province. The utmost that can be expeaed
is that itherc should be some particular and provi-•
sionary agreement with some of its Military Chiefs,
Who may be suffered by their superiors so to aa,,
without being expressly authorised by them, accord-
ing as title circumstances of the moment may re-
quire; whence it may result that one province may
conclude an armistice, while others, and particularly
our Coleinies,.may remain at war, without our ob-
taining either the general and well-secured liberty of
our Conn nauder, nor the certaintt of any practical
Conventions, merely tolerated, and not .supplied by
any guarantee. The'military operations require a di-
rection or igeneral impulse, which. cannot be guided
by the wilt of each -.provinCe, of which the partial
dispositions may sometimes be contradiCtory
.to those
of the othi'r. The organization of the army, and
the appoinement of its Officers, .cannot be divided
.without forming a monstrous body without a head.
The same must be said of the navy ; the three de-
partments, each of which is at present. subject to a
distinct government, without essentially forming one
body ; and if they were so, what complication of
authorities must result from the above atrangeMents?
Who is to direct the general operation of the Navy,
according to the general interest of the State ?
Every person, every political body, would pretend to
be at liberty to accede to the wishes of the rest, and
to concur without any kind of compulsion to the
individual measure of the other, according to their
own opinion. To what weakness and division
should we be exposed by the want of union of the
national authority ?
All the other branches of Public Administration

offer grounds for similar 'observations. To what
body is the deposit of the general laws of the king-
dom to be entrusted ? io what authority is the.
eledion and replacement of the Magistrates and su-
perior Officers to belong ? Ecclesiastical matters do
not require less in point of union. The relation with
the Court of Rome, the Rota, the Inquisition, the
nomination to Bishoprics and other dignities, &c.
How can a nation possibly exist in this condition
for any 'length of time, at least not for that i.eriod
which political calculation permits us to hope to
exist. But there is one very material point which
must more particularly attract our attention, namely,
the preserVation of our possessions in America and.
other foreign parts. What authority are they to
obey ? Which of the provinces of Spain is' to give to
those countries the necessary orders and 'directions
relative to their government, to the appointment
and instruction of their Magistrates and Officers, and.
to other points, tending to keep them in a state of
dependence? Not depending any longer, from any
public authority in the mother country, every Co-
lony will establish an independent Government of
its own, asiias been done in Spain. Their distance,
their situation, their wealth, and the national bent
'for independence, may lead them to it, and to cut
the knot, if we may say so, which tied them to the
mother country; and our enemies will obtain Er,y
iio
other means than our indolencto and carelessness,

a►tta they woulct Never liaVe beet.; able fo attsiii 13/;.
all -Che exertions Of their ;power. Thf.s Sole EOnln-
deratron would Suffice to shew the absolute
sity-Of the establishment of one Supreme Autlinriik
mid one National Repreentatibii. Were. the c4i-
tal unoccupied by the and free, there cannot:
remain a doubt but the first nation .WDich did sd.
Much td sate the innocence of FERDtivAND VII. and
place, him on the 7thrcine, would cotivebe the COrteg
in spite of the obserVationa of those who have en:
deavoured to inspire the nation with distrust afrinq
the said Magistrates, and had they succeeded in theft
endeavours, they might have sowed the seeds of dis •
cord, disorder, and the dissolwion of the kingdotn.
But in the mean time, and till the day of delivery
shall conie, and we shall know the intentions of the
above Tribunal, it is necessary to lose no time;
because delay cannot but increase our difficulties;
and accelerate the disorganization of the political
bodies of the State; and the time may petimpS draw
nigh when in some of the provinces Of Span vrithoi
the independent authority Of those who comniand;
Or the imperious obedience of the people; milk
.be
,at an-end. A point to which the Supreme Council
of (.3overnment ought to pay particular attention, is
this; to be at some distance from the seat of war;
and ,near to. the port's, by means of which our relit-.
Lions with America must be maintained. It is of
the rtio4 material consequence not to delay a mea-
sure without wliich we are expOsed to the daugrr
.of being plunged into a state • of anarchy, which do.!
*nestle and foreign intrigues %rill increase more and
more, and the result of which will be the total ruin
of the nation.

Convinced of the great iniportante of these ob-
servations, the Junta of Valencia makes no doubt
but that the Supreme Council of Government will
be, penetrated with the same conviction, and 81-
Ilicidgh the Junta was desirous of immediately ;:p-
-pointing deputies, charged to treat with the prn-
vitices which are free troni the enemy, and able
tO.join, it has been judged ,more expedient not to
proceed to that appointment, without having pre-
viously declared its views and sentiments on thi4
subjea, in order that an idea of the po,ver which, in
the opinion of Valencia, should be pli.siess.ed by i h
m t.t.
Central Junta, being premised, it may serve for
your government with regard to your plan and reply.
The Central Junta ought td manage and decAe ail
points to which the authuriry..and intiucnce of every
insulate Supreme Junta cannot be extended, or which
the general interest requires to be left to the ma-
nagentent and (.14'eision of the Supreme Council of
Governmen!, although it may seem at first sight,
that the Provincial Jun as are thereby deprivo of
some fractional part of - their 'sovereignty, \vhich
must always„ be precarious unless it be toußAidated
and secured.

For the same reason, the Junta is of opinion, tint
th,: Central Junta should be indi.speits.ahly composed
dt tvt:o deputies of each of the Conlituent Supreine
'Skiitas, and nianae and deLide till lnatters in I.he
name of our belov'ed Sovereign FERDINAND V.P.
which belongs to the higher deprtments of Govern-
ment, such as peace or war—the direction or the sea
and laud fercetlie estimate of the money required
for the maniteuance of the army and
.naVy—the
appointment of the pf-inciiA Officars of both
branches of public force—the corresp6udence
fore;gn Courts—the nomination of AmbassAdors and
other diplomatic Agents—the transmittal of . orders
to ourl Possessions in India, and odr COlOnies, and
the uncontre,uled direCtion of all their athirs; with
the election of the Officers employed in their d.t:
partments.

With, regard' to the seat of the Central Junta;
Viitlepcia readily relinquishes, in favour of the pub..-
ljeigood, the claims which she might urge on thig
bead, and solely desires as speedy an answer as the
urgency and importance of the subject requires.
God preserve you juany years_
•