The Sun.
London, England, 1863-08-29 00:00:00

. THE SUN, LONDON. SA.TURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 29, 1863

sides in Gloucester-terrace, gave similar evidence. She also
expressed an opinion that the fire seemed to burn with fear-
ful rapidity.
Captain Tudor was examined and deposed to the same
effect. He said that the flames appeared to spread through
the whole house almost instantaneously, and the whole
house was burned to the ground in a couple of hours. At
first he only saw a large quantity of smoke, and then the
whole house appeared to burst into flames.
General Cotton gave similar evidence, and said that when
he was alarmed by the cry of " Fire " he looked out, and
almost every window in the front of the house presented the
appearance of being brilliantly illuminated with gas. He
said that this was the only fire he had seen in England, and
therefore he was unable to state whether this fire burned
with greater rapidity than any other.
A police-constable named 0 tley deposed that he saw the
fire, and he said it appeared to him as though the flames did
nog spread through the ceilings but as though every room
in the house was on fire.
Green, the fire-escape man, proved that he was at the fire
with his escape a few minutes after four. At this time the
house was entirely alight except three or four windows. He
saw that a life was in danger, and he therefore saw no more
than that the house was " well alight," and he directed his
attention to assist in recovering young Temple.
William Swanton, superintendent of the fire brigade at
Watling-street, said that he arrived at the fire at about
twenty minutes to five o'clock, and he at once saw it was
useless to attempt saving Campden House, so all his atten-
tion was directed to the house of Mr. Egg. He had
phe
examined the ruins since, and he saw nothing to induce him
expect
to come to the conclusion that the house was one that would
bmeuticuhrnleesds downfreely
thaneas deal or Thereine. were
H e someeily.
uldvenryot
massive
timbers in the house, and being of oak they would burn
a house like this could have been burned down in the short
period it was. It would, in his opinion, be a difficult thing
to cause such a house to be on fire all in
over such a short
time, even if every room had been specially prepared for
burning. He saw nothing in the appearance of the flues
that would lead him to form the conclusion that they were
the cause of the fire. When a beam was ignited
by means
of a flue it would smoulder for many hours, and he had
known them to do so for weeks.
Cross-examined—He did not remember ever having seen
a fire at such a place as Campden House, which was pecu-
liarly constructed, having a large staircase in the centre and
corridors on each side. He remembered the fire at Sir W,
Watkins Wynn's mansion at Wynnstay. That was a build-
ing of the same description as Campden House, and it was
entirely consumed in a very short time.
Mr. Ellis, a plumber and glazier, living at Kensington,
deposed that about 20 minutes to 2 o'clock on the morning
of the fire he was in Sheffield-place, near Campden House,
when he met Mr.Woolley and Mr. Crozier walking together
towards home. This witness gave a very confused account
as to the precise spot where he represented that he met the
plaintiff and Crozier, but he said he was positive they were
the persons he saw,ut the time he mentioned. He said, how-
ever, that what he meant to convey was that they were ahead
of him, and he did not see them until they turned round.
The witness, in cross-examination, was asked to mark
upon the plan the places where he was himself, and where
he saw Mr. Woolley and Crozier ; and he accounted for the
form of one of the letters he had made by saying that his
hand shook. Hc denied that he had had delirium tremens
two or three times, or that he had ever said that when he
came home on this night he was " slewed." He remembered
one of Mr. Teesdale's clerks coming to him, but he denied
having said that he saw two people on the night of the fire,
but he did not know who they were, as he only saw their
backs. He swore that he did not say this in the presence of
Mr. Woolley. Mr. Woolley did call upon him, and inquire
whether he was subpoenaed to prove that he saw him with
Crozier at 2 o'clock on the morning of the ire, and he at
the same time said that he had better be careful what he
said, for if he swore that he was in bed soon after 11 o'clock
it might be very awkward for him. He did not recollect
whether he said, when he was questioned by Mr. James,
that he did not see the faces of the gentlemen.
The witness answered the questions that were put to him
in such a flippant and unsatisfactory manner that he was,
more than once reproved by the learned judge and requested'
to conduct himself in a becoming manner.
In answer to a question by the learned judge,
The witness said he would rather not state where he had
been on that night.
Several police-constables were then examined, with a view
to show the different appearances they observed at the fire.
Their evidence, however, did not differ in any material re-
spect from that which had been given by the other wit-
nesses, and they were not cross-examined by the counsel for
the plaintiff, and the learned judge expressed his opinion
that it was quite unnecessary to give any further evidence
upon this head.
Mr. Denman said a gross attack had been made upon the
police by the other side, and suggestions were made that
they had neglected their duty. One object, therefore, that
ho had in view was to show that there were plenty of police
at the spot immediately an alarm was given.
Mr. Swanton, superintendent of the Fire Brigade, was
then recalled by the learned judge, who put several ques-
tions to him.

In answer to these questions, he stated that if the staircase
of a house was ignited the fire would run up it very rapidly,
but a good deal wauld depend as to the course the limes
would take upon different circumstances. If. for instance,
the doors upon the landings were open, the fire wouid pro-
bably run into the rooms and set them on fire, and the
mischief would be increased if any windows were open. He
did not think it was probable, supposing the fire had gone
up the staircase of Campden House, that all the rooms would
have presented the appearance of being lighted up at once
in the way that had been described without the ceilings
being burned.
Mr. Randall, the solicitor for the defendant, was then
called to prove that in 1856 Mr. Woolley executed the bill
of sale upon the whole of the furniture in Campden House
to Mr. Edmund Robins to secure a loan of £l,OOO. He also
proved that a second bill of sale was executed to Miss Cope
in 1859 to secure the sum of £8,000; and he stated that he
had examined the schedule of the furniture attached to the
two bills of sale, and that the one executed in 1859 did not
contain so many items as the one of 1856.
Mr. Wynn, cabinetmaker, proved that in 1857, while
Colonel Waugh was occupying Campden House, he, by his
orders, made fifty packing cases for him, and he saw them
filled with antique articles of furniture, paintings, and other
things of that description. Mr. Woolley came in while the
packing was going on, and he ordered it to be stopped, and
said that Colonel Waugh had no right to remove the pro-
perty. On the following- day, however, he received a letter
from him authorising the property to be removed, and the
whole of the cases were subsequently taken to Branksealto
Colonel Waugh's residence. Among the property that was
so removed were two crimeon and gilt sofas, and these same
sofas he knew were afterwards sold under Colonel Waugh's
bankruptcy. (These sofas were the articles particularly
alluded to by the witness Temple in his evidence as not
being in Campden House at the time of the fire, although
they were claimed by the plaintiff.)
The following witnesses were then called by Mr. Bovill,
in reply to the defendant's case

Mr. Cross, a surveyor to the Sun Fire office, proved that
House, and that theinsurance ultimately effected upon it
i
in 1855, and again in 1859, he made a survey of Campden
was a special insurance, at a
doable hazardous. higher rate of premium than

Mr. Cope and Mr. Duncombe were recalled, and they
stated positively that the sofas removed by Colonel Waugh
were not the same articles claimed for under the insurance,
and that the latter were in the house when the fire occurred,
and were destroyed.

Mr. G. C. James said that he was a solicitor, but for two
years he had been assisting Messrs. Maples, the solicitors
for the plaintiff, in their business. On May 26, in conse-
quence of something he heard, he went to the house of the
witness Ellis, accompanied by Mr. Woolley. He told him
that he had heard that he had Stated that he saw Mr.
Woolley and Crozier walking together on the morning of the
fire between 2 and 3 o'clock. Ellis, at first, seemed disin-
clined to say anything, but he ultimately said that he had
seen them on that niorning. Witness asked him where he
had seen them, and he replied in Sheffield-gardens. He
put some other questions to him, and he said that he only
saw their backs, and he seemed to be uncertain whether it
really was Mr. Woolley or not.
Cross-ear/mined—He believed that something was said to
the effect that if Mr. Woolley swore he was in bed soon
after 11 o'clock on the previous night to the fire, and he
were to represent that he saw him out with Crozier at the
time he stated, it would be a very awkward thing for him,
and he was advised to go and make some inquiries of
Temple to ascertain whether Mr. Woolley really did go to
bed at the time he stated or not.
Mr. Clift, one of the former witnesses, was recalled, and
he stated that he was acquainted with Ellis, and a few days
after the fire he had some conversation with him about it.
During the conversation, he stated that when he came home
on the night of the fire, he was rather " slewed."
This concluded the evidence on both sides, and the Court
adjourned until this (Saturday) morning, when Mr. Lush
will sum up the case for the defendant.

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witness explained to the jury, and expressed an
opinion that the cause of the accident was the wooden
beam breaking. The metals-of the tramway are laid
in the same way as in the railway.
Mr. J. W. 'Woodford, C.E., deposed that he acted
for Messrs. Peto and Betts. The works were erected
under his superintendence and from his design, and
were properly constructed, and in his j udg meat. from
practice andexperience, the timbers were sufficient
to carry the weight of the traveller and an addi-
tional weight of 50 or 60 tons. He had watched the
progress of the work, but did not see it after it was
finished.. He has since examined the timbers, and
the iron tie beams, and they appeared to be sound.
The beams are jointed, and the fracture took place
about a foot and a half from the joint; the bolts are
sound, and not bent ; the wood was not rotten in
any part. He could not account for the accident
except it arose from a sudden jar or strain. It would
have been the duty of the workmen laying the
tramway to gauge and level the, rails. In his
judgment the tramway was properly constructed,
and he could give no reason for the accident. He
had had great experience in such works, and had
been engaged in the works of the bridge over the
river St. Lawrence, in America.
By Mr. Fowler (a juror)—The traveller was con-
structed to carry from 50 to 60 tons. The trusses
wore independent of each other, and were not sup-
ported by others; that was the usual course.
By the Coroner—Tae traveller was being removed
from one pile of works to be worked on another, the
stage only being for communication.
By Mr. Fowler (a juror)—The jar he spoke of
was a sudden weight being put on the lower part.
By Mr. Freshfield —The plans were approved of
by Messrs. Peto and Betts, and were intended to
carry a much heavier weight than the traveller.
W. Rayner, carpenter—Assisted in laying the
metals. They were tested, after being put down,
by the gauge to the wheel, and they appeared to be
correct. He could form no opinion or give any
reason for the breaking of the timber. The timber
broke first, and carried with it the ironwork. The
timber was, in his judgment, quite sound, and the
work was properly done. There were two flanges
to the wheels of the traveller; a railway had only
one. He did not examine the levels of the strutt
except by the eye. There was packing under each
of the beams about three inches thick, but where
the beam broke it was about 41 inches; that is done
to make the level.

IThe Coroner asked if there were any scientific
person present who could give the jury any idea
how the accident took place, and the cause.
Mr. David Selby Sherman, C.E., then came for-
ward, and said he had examined the plans for the
construction of the works, and they appeared to be
sound in principle. His opinion was that the acci-
dent arose from one of the trusses getting out of
gauge, a circumstance which is not easily foreseen.
It might have arisen from want of proper and due
care on the part of the workmen. The effect of the
strutt getting out of gauge would be to throw the
wheel of the traveller off the rail. So far as he could
judge, the works were properly constructed, and he
could not account for the accident, .except from
some negligence in moving the traveller.
By Mr. Fowler (juror)—The trusses were formed
in the usual way, and he did not think it was ne-
cessary to erect tranverse strutts to support the
upper strutts. He thought the strutts were suffi-
cient to carry the weight it was intended they
should bear. They certainly would be stronger
with cross strutts.
In answer to various questions by the Coroner
and the Coroner and the jury, the witness said that
the gauge had got out of order from some deflection
of the ironwork, and that in his judpnent, from all
he had seen or heard, the accident arose from cir-
cumstances which could not have been foreseen.
The Coroner briefly summed up, and explained
there was no doubt as to the cause of the death, and
the only question was whether the works had been
constructed in a proper manner, and the evidence
was sufficient to show that they had. If the jury
were of opinion that some greater precautions
should be taken in the erection of the works by
means of cross strutts or other appliances, he had
no doubt the company would give due weight to
their suggestions.
The Jury retired to consider their verdict, and
after an absence of ten minutes returned a verdict
of " Accidental death," •by a majority of twelve,
there being several dissentients.
The Coroner said he was instructed by Mr. Fresh-
field to say that, for the future, when the traveller
was being moved a danger signal would be hoisted.

SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS,

TlmEs.—Sir Roderick Murehison's address to the
British Association describing the progress of geo-
graphical discovery is almost too triumphant. There
will be very soon little left to discover. The im-
mense area of Australia has been cut across by two
great diverging lines of discovery, from Adelaide to
Van Diemen's land, and from Adelaide to the Gulf
of Carpentaria; and when Stuart and M'Kinlay
had thus opened a view through this vast continent
in the north-east and north-west respectively, the
angle of search turned round again under Lands-
borough, and bent southward from the Galf of
Carpentaria to Victcria. The two Gregories
have actually surveyed and mapped large portions
of Norther!), Eastern, and Western Australia. We
have discovered the watershed of North Australia ;
we have found vast regions of fine pasture land
in whet was till lately a terra incognita, and the
interior of this new world promises boundless
agricultural wealth. The grazing grounds
of the colony of Queensland alone cover a space
twice as large as Great Britain, and large tracts,
under the active encouragement of Sir George
I3owen, promise excellent cotton. We turn to the
Old World, and to the most ancient site of empire
and civilization there. The source of the Nile
has been discovered. Can anything remain un-
discovered after the Nile has been disclosed ?
Captains Spoke and Grant reversed the line of
search, and instead of going up the. Nile to its
source cut right across from Zanzibar to it. They
found themselves on the margin of a great lake, and
proved its parental relation to the great river by
gett:ng into the Nile out of it. Solvitur ambulando,
or rather navigando ; they first found the source,
and then obtained the evidence of it by the result ;
they let it prove itself by conducting them to a wide
stream, which took them past Karnac and landed
them at Cairo. It was what logicians call proof
by deduction, as distinguished frcm analysis—the
discovery of the source of the Nile by descending it
instead of ascending it. What is so remarkable, and
so calls for our self-congratulation, is the race of
new travellers that has sprung up of late and is
springing up every day. The new names are almost
driving out the old ones. The Mitchel's, the Eyres,
the Stuarts, and the Leichardts, of Australian geo-
graphical renown, have been succeeded by those
whom we mentioned above. Even the great African
Barth has now his successor in Baron C. von der
Decken, who has ascended the lofty snow clad moun-
tain of Kilimandjaro, the monarch of Eastern tropi-
cal Africa. The master is not jealous, but proud of his
disciple, upon whom his mantle has descended, and
is translating his book. The great Island of Formosa,
upon the coast of China, till late'y an unknown
inhabitant of the ocean, has had its geography
laid bare by Mr. Swinhoe, who has made us ac-
quainted with the rich natural productions of the
island—its camphor forests, the habits, costumes,
and peculiarities of its Chinese occupants, as well
as those of the mountaineer aborigines, the Malays.
Capt.Biakiston has charted the course of the mighty
Yang-tze-Kiang for 1,000 miles beyond the highest
point previously reached. Mr. Osbert Salvin has ex-
amined the physical geography of Guatemala—its
virgin forests, volcanoes, lakes, and Indian remains.
And what shall we say to the Great Central Argen-
tine Railroad of Mr. Wheelwright, which cuts
across from Buenos Ayres on the Atlantic to the
port of Caldera on the Pacific—a railroad, which
having reached Cordova and raised itself 1,300 ft.
above the river, plants itself at the foot of the
Cordilleras, at a height of more than 5,000 ft.
above the Pacific, then ascends the eastern aide
of the Andes, till it reaches a height of 16,000 ft.
mounting for 136 miles 80ft. per mile, from which
height, by a descent cf 246 miles, it reaches the
shore of the Pacific ? With the exception of one
inclined plane of five or six miles this whole ascent
and descent is to be accomplished by locomotive
power. We are describing what is in prospect and
is not yet actually achieved, but Mr, Wheelwright's
railway from the Valley of Copiapo to the mineral
district of Charnaacella is now working at an ascent
of more than 200 ft. per mile, and runs its trains at
12 miles an hour. It might have been thought
beforehand that the civilisation, comforts, and re-
finements of the age would have unfitted men for a
rough and venturous life. But the heroic virtues
evidently flourish now as much as ever, as much
as they did in the age of Columbus, or even fur-
ther back in the Herodotean age of geography.
War is embraced as a field of action now as
ardently as ever; discovery is as great a passion as
ever. Our Captain Cooks have not left us ; they
rise up so thickly that we begin to tremble for
the existence of " the unknown"—that source of
romance and mystery; for the continuance of any
undisclosed,unvisited,and secluded spots in the world
which may serve for the domain of imagination, to
picture according to her will and people with her
own creation. The Nile is no longer a mystery and a
grand obscurity; no dark supernatural mist gathers
round it as it approaches its source, no cloud en-
velopes us, no dream frightens us, and no invisible
anger of Heaven involves our path in intricacy as
we go presump!uously to violate the sanctuary of
its birth ; the Nile is now an ordinary river like
the Thames—it rises in Lake Nyanza, and it runs

into the sea at Alexandria and Damietta. Human