The Sun.
London, England, 1839-08-26 00:00:00

PORTSMOUTH-SATURDAY.

(From the Hampshire 17tdepenlent.)
His Royal Highness the Duke o' Cambridge, w:th
the Duchess and family, being at Ryde, on Thursday
morning the Messenger steamer went out of harbour
and resorted thither. His Royal Highness embarked
and proceeded on board the Pique frigate, Captain
Boxer, in order to witness the explosion from the
Royal George. He remained on board for an hour,
and then rowed to tlie Britannia flag-ship in harbour,
preceded by Admiral the Hon. C. E. Fleeming in his
barge, and folkved by Rear-Admiral Bouverie in like
manner. V.,om thence he landed at the Dockyard :
after bestowing several ;hours in inspecting the same,
and 12drtaking of a dejeune with the Admiral, he p:o.
eceded to the George Inn, where he enterta;:ded- at
dinner the Admirals and Lieutenant-Go‘:ernor. On
the arrival of the Duchess of Cambrike and her Royal
daughters at Hyde, the ladies of ..'nat place prepared a
splendid bouquet to present to her, which was done,
together with an original poetic address, prepared at an
hour's notice by Miss Moss, of Portsea, who happened
to be then at Ryde„

His Royal gigness the Duke of Sussex is at present
on a visit '‘o his friend 'F. Thistlethwiyte, Esq., at
Southwick House. His health, we are sorry to say,
has called for the assiduous attentions of Dr. Stuart, of
this town, who is one of the physicians of his household.
The East India ship China, which passed St. Helena
on the 27th of June, reported that no less than seven
merchant vessels were on shore in Table Bay, Cape of
Good Hope.

The men of war at this port are fast entering men,
but there is a great scarcity of Mates ; the Revenge, a
few days since had but one, and that one was borrowed
from the Victory.
The Isle of Wight was never so full of visitors
as at the present time—all is life, bustle, and ac-
tivity. The means of accommodation and enter-
tainment are more than doubled, and now are
barely sufficient for the increased numbers who
resort to the shores of the Island for health and plea-
sure. The beneficial effects of the Railroad, even in
its incomplete state, are fully felt, and when finished, the
change will be magical. Ryde boasts of Royalty,
Cowes, of the elite of the Aristocracy, and Newport
has three times the number of coaches that it formerly
had, driving to the principal inns, and all well loaded.
Many lodgings in the town are let, and the inns, for
some days past have been hardly able to accommodate
the parties who have visited them. Let the river com-
municate by steam with the Railroad when complete,
and Newport must raise its head again a 3 a flourishing
and improving town..

It is now settled that our representative, Mr. F. T.
Baring, is to be appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer,
at the close of the present Session of Parliament. He
has written to his friends here, notifying the circum-
stance, and soliciting their renewed confidence and
exertions in his behalf. His Committee are summoned
to meet on Friday evening ; and from the favourable
opinions we have heard expressed in many quarters, it
is not improbable that he may be again returned to
Parliament, without opposition. That he is a sincr.xe,
good man, effective in business, true to his pr',aciples,
and conscientious in acting up to them, 1v..., never yet
been doubted by any one. That eve _4 vote he has
given should have been equally °,.(tisfactory to all his
supporters, would have been *impossible. The only
charge we ever heard agair
him was that of delay in
answering letters ; ,may
one who has durine:, admit of some excuse in
a series of years had the burthen
of managing the complicated finances of this great
empire.

ME.:_e;TING OF THE BRITISH AS-
SOCIATION IN BIRMINGHAM.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

SATURDAY EVENING.
During the whole of this day members have been arriv-
ing by the different trains from London, Liverpool, Man-
chester, and various parts of the north of England and
Scotland, as well as from Ireland ; and it is now pretty
well ascertained, although the meeting gives every pro-
mise of being satisfactory so far as the proceedings of the
Association are concerned, that there will be a great fall-
ing off in the attendance of strangers and the number of
local members, as compared with the Newcastle meeting,
or those which immediately preceded it. It would be
idle to attempt to conceal this fact, still less
to blind one's eyes to the cause which has pro-
duced this disheartening state of things; for although the
town is perfectly tranquil, and, as regards political feeling,
there exists at the present moment less excitement than
has prevailed for many years, yet the recent outrages in
Birmingham have awaked in the minds of those who live
at a distance a degree of alarm which has proved, as in the
present instance, not only injurious to the operations of in.
dustry but the interests of science.

Amongst the leading members of the Association who have
arrived during the day, are the Marquis of Northampton,
Dr. Ure, Dr. Urquhart, Professor Tucker, Professor Shep-
herd, of the United States, Professor Stevelly, of Belfast,
J. Taylor, Esq., F. R. S., London, Dr. Yellowley, Dr.
Lloyd, Leamington, Count Krisinski, of London, Sir
Joseph Locke, of Oxford, Dr. Lardner, Professor Lloyde,
Dublin, Dr. Maeartney, of Dublin, Mr. Murchison, Gene-
ral Secretary of the Association, the Chevalier Neukomm,
Major Sabine, C. Babington, Esq., Catubridge, M. Beuge,
Paris, Dr. Farrell, Paris, Dr. James Forbes, Professor of Na
tural Philosophy, Edinburgh, G. B. Greenhough, Esq.,
President of the Royal Ger;graphical Society, London, in
addition to Dr. Daubn.ey, Professor Phillip and other dis-
tinguished membert;, whose arrival I noticed in my former
communication.

The first meeting of the General Committee, which
al w. ;48 precede the scientific business of the Asso-
ciation, was held this afternoon at three o'clock, in the
library of King Edward's School, New-street. The meet-
ing was called for one, but it adjourned till three, in order
to give an opportunity to those members who might arrive
by the half-past two o'clock train, of being present. At
three o'clock, there being between forty and fifty members
present, the Rev. William Vernon Harcourt, President
elect, took the chair. When the minutes of the last
meeting having been read and confirmed, the report of the
Council for the past year (from which we subjoin an
extract) was read, received, and ordered to be entered on
the minutes.

" The Council have from time to time attended to the
state of the funds of the Association, the Treasurer having
produced the banker's book, statements of receipts and
payments, and the yearly accounts examined and signed by
the auditors, the Council did not deem it adviseable to add
to the permanent property of the Association. The pro-
perty invested consequently consists, as it did a year ago,
of 5,500/. in the 3 per cent consols. This sum, in con-
sequence of the resignation by Mr. Babbage of his office
as a trustee of the Association, has been transferred into
the names of the two remaining trustees, Mr. Murchison
and Mr. Taylor. The Council beg to recommend Mr.
Francis Baily as a trustee to supply the vacancy occasioned
by the resignation of Mr. Babbage."
A report from the treasurer and auditors was afterwards
read, suggesting that a deed of trust should be prepared
and executed for the property of the Association.
The Council requested the Rev. W. Vernon Harcourt,
one of the Vice- Presidents and the President elect, to
prepare an address to be delivered on taking the chair at
the Birmingham Meeting. They also recommended the
adoption of the following rules, which were proposed by
the Marquis of Northampton, and adopted :
" 1. That an admission fee of 1/ be required from all
future Members admitted as Annual Subscribers, in addi-
tion to their annual subscription of 1/. ; the composition of
Life Members to remain at 51. _ _ .

" 2. That every Member, new and old alike, have the
option of paying 5/. as a fixed book-subscription, entitling
him to receive a copy of the volumes published after the
date of such subscription.
" 3. That all recommendations of grants of money, re-
quests for special researches, and reports on scientific sub-
jects, be submitted to the Committee of Recommenda-
tions, and not taken into consideration by the General
Committee unless previously recommended by the Com-
mittee of Recommendations."

.. _
It was afterwards resolved that the recommendation in
the report that Mr. F. Baily be appointed one of the
joint trustees of the British Association be adopted ; and
also that a deed of trust be executed by the trustees.
Mr. Murchison, General Secretary, then read the follow-
ing list of the officers of the sections, which were recom-
mended by the Council, and approved of by the meeting :
SECTION A.—MATHEMATICS AND PHYSlCS.—President,
R-v. Professor Whewell ; Vice-Presidents, Mr. F. Baily,
Professor Forbes, Major Sabine ; Secretaries, Professor
£teveley, Mr. Chance, of Birmingham, Mr. Snow Hulls.

SECTION B.—CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY.—Presi-
dent,Dr. Graham, London ; Vice-Presidents, Professor
Johnston, Mr. Richard Phillips ; Secretaries, Dr. Golding
Bird, Dr. Melsom.
SECTION C.—GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
Presidents, Rev, Dr. Buckland (Geology), G. B. Green-
hough, Esq. (Geography) ; Vice-Presidents, Mr. De la
Beebe, Mr. Eyell,'Mr. Leonard Horner; Secretaries, Mr.
Strickland, of Worcester, Dr. Lloyd, of Leamington.
SECTION D.—ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY.—President, Pro-
lessor Owen ; Vice- Presidents, J. E. Gray, Esq. ; Dr.
Graham, of Edinburgh, Professor Daubeney ; Secretaries,
Professor E. Forbes, Mr. Pattison.
SECTION E.—MEDICAL. SCIENCE.--President, Dr. Yel-
loly ; Vice-Presidents, Mr. Johnson, of Birmingham, Dr.
Roget, Dr. Macartney ; Secretaries, Dr. Rees, Mr.
Ryl_tind.
SECTION F. —STATisTrcs. —President, H. Hallam, Esq.;
Vice-Presidents, Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., M. P., Mr.
Porter ; Secretaries, Dr. W. Cook Taylor, Mr. Rawson,
Mr. Francis Clark, Birmingham.
SECTION G.—MECHANICAL SClENCE.—President, Rev.
Mr. Willis, Cambridge ; Vice- Presidents, Mr. Babbage,
Dr. Lardner, Mr. John Rennie ; Secretaries, Mr. HauCes,
Professor Wheatstone, Mr. Webster.
COMMITTEE OF RECOMMENDATIONS.—Marquis of North-
ampton, Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., Dr. Buckland, Pro-
fessors__ Daubeny, Forbes, Graham, J. E. Gray, Esq
sf Hodgkins,
eo
srssoLr
81oNyv 'Alai Ins r,d.
F. R. S. G. B. Grcenhough, Esq H. Hallam, Esq„ Dr.
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Monday morning.
aurned. The various SeeciltPeiorinv-s•
meTetheat IClee o

SIMPLE REMEDY TO PURIFY WATER.—It is
not so generally known as it ought to be, that pounded
alum possesses the property of purifying water. A large
table spoonful of pulverised alum, sprinkled into a hogs-
head of water (the water stirred round at the time), will,
after a lapse of a few hours, by precipitating to the bottom
the impure particles, so purify it that it will be found to
possess nsarly all the freshness and clearness of the finest
swing water. A pailful, containing four gallons, may be
purified by a single tea. spoonful.

THE RICH AND THE POOR.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
We give the following letter as we have received it.
Some of the poetry is beyond our reach, but the prose;
though written in rather strange language, conveys some
facts that cannot be denied. The Charity Commission
to which he refers is still prosecuting its labou-rs :
SlR—Let me cordially etmgratulate you on the enter-
prising spirit of your popular Journal, which now seems
fairly on a railroad progressive speed to merited fame and
fortune, being generously open to all parties, but unjustly
biased by none, tetsuch a degree that I cheerfully opine you
will soon be encouraged by liberal subscribers to favour
theptl,,ite with a Morning, Meridian, and Evening Stn
—..t.ucere hoditrne discedens, semperque aucto splendore
resurgent. Everybody must admire the numerous valuable
extracts on moral, scientific, and other interesting themes,
from lay authors in particular, with which your well-filled
columns are daily embellished, whenever the agitating
events, at home and abroad, afford room enough, in these
portentous times, for those miscellanecus subjects best
adapted to the multum in parvo of ephemeral periodicals,
calculated, like yours, to crush the diabolical Cern-laws
for ever. My heart glows with indignation the moment
I peruse your manly exposures of those murderous enact-
ments of the rich against the poor, and often explodes in
such effusions as the following :
Ft spite of ghostly Lords or greedy Peers,
With canting Priests and mammon's crew combined,
Or dastard vassals, mcdiocratic knaves, in servile chains,
Lo I at almighty Nature's potent nod.
" All is the gift of industry, whate'er exalts, embellishes,
arid renders life delightful,
Pensive winter eheer'd by Him sits at the social fire,
( His family and large cheap loaf in view
The daily staff of all their darling lives),
And happy hears the excluded tempest idly rave along.
Without Him summer were an arid waste,
Nor to th' autumnal months could thus transmit

Those full, mature, immeasurable stores,"
That waving round recal my wand'ring song
To honest labour's praise—the only source, I ween,
Of all the Wealth, that Freedom grants to Man.
Maugre the hanging Judge or Juries fatal frowns
On the productive workmen of that land
Renowned for valour on old ocean's waves,
Whose millions swear they will no more be shoes,
Though lordlings boast by law to keep them down,
Justice may yet their peaceful efforts crown,
Then plenty and good-will again must heal
All rampant evils for the common weal,
And mankind learn front Britono to be free
From hostile strife henceforth by land and sea,
That Paradise on earth may still be found
By every soul on his own natal ground,
Whence let all witchcraft, k:nyeraft, priestcraft, state-
craft fly
To other world;, above, below, far far from human eye.
Amen ! for ever more, methinks I hear our starving people
cry.
The opponents to Universal Suffrage insist that poverty
kas no right to a voice, directly or indirectly, in Parliament,
by having no property, as if life, liberty, labour, limb,
time, and character were absolutely worthless, though all
these are subjected to severe or slight punishment by Le-
gislative measures, commonly adverse to the great bulk of
the nation, nevertheless friendly enough to the opulent
on most occasions, while the needy have nought to
protect them from the insolence, malice, or tyranny
of office except legal defence, often beyond the
reach of the populace, by its enormous expense. The
honey bees of society, who toil night and day for its enjoy-
ments, are basely termed by the impotent drones among
them, the lower orders, or humble classes of the community,
because they have forsooth been, through sheer ignorance,
silly enough to stoop down, like the stately camel, to
permit their strong backs to be constantly overloaded by
their brutal taskmasters, as the commensurate reward of
their miserable humility. No British Government ought
es er to forget that plebeian indigence is chiefly owing to
the thousands, if not millions of rural commons which
have been most iniquitously appropriated, since the Refor-
mation, to the almost sole use of their vicinal landlords,
whose existing infamous Corn- laws are now famishing
the common people into lingering deaths, and ultimate
destruction, which their undoubted real and commercial
property, under good legislators and judicious manage-
ment, would have obviated centuries ago, that national
curse of pauperism, with the whole of its crying sins,
for which an over-ruling Providence is justly exacting the
the awful penalty at last, from both the innocent
and the guilty in every portion of the British Em-
pire. So much for the vaunted unfitness of Penury to
vote for, or serve as a Member of the Commons'
own House, formerly called by arrogant spiritual and tem-
poral Peers, the Nether, or Fag-end of Parliament, many
of whose component parts when contrasted with their ten-
pound, electors, yet fancy themselves high and mighty
lords indeed, to deal damnation to free trade, even in the
necessaries of life in both hemispheres. Let them here
advert to the asserted incapacity of illiterateness, versus
a general constituency ; but whose fault is that ? Why, to
be sure, the flagrant blame lies at the doors of the Church
and State, being of course a glorious Omnipotent Trinity
of King, Lords, and Commons, by whom the noble tree
of knowledge has been guarded from profane eyes and
ears by a filming sword, or robbed of its celestial fruit by
peculating parsons, corrupt corporations, and venal magis.
trates, the natural bulwarks and artificial trenches of all
.iespotisms. If Ibe not mistaken, some twenty or thirty
years have elapsed since the bold champion of education
instituted a searching exposure of all the charitable funds
then existing, for the support of schools in every district
of the United Kingdom. The result, after expending
annually vast sums in this laudable pursuit was the candid de-
claration by a Learned Peer, then only a Liberal Com-
moner, that the abuses turned out so atrocious as to deter
him from their publication, lest priests, prelates, munici-
palists, with a large train of other constituted authorities,
might become obnoxious to public execration and everlast-
ing contempt, in those cities, towns, counties, establish-
ments, districts, &c., where they were found to exist to the
unmitigated scandal of Christian rulers, whose faith was
ample, but not moral enough to execute benevolent works,
which the pious founders meant as the best means for the
redemption of their souls from purgatory, previous to their
perfect salvation in heaven on the great day of divine
judgment. The endowments to seminaries for orphans
and destitute children on the score of tuition alone, were
discovered to be vast enough to instruct every child in the
kingdom whose parents cannot afford to do so ; unhappily,
however, those mines originally devoted to useful taitionary
purposes have either been perverted from the donor's
wishes on specious pretences, or totally purloined by
troops of clerical wolves, or magisterial hyenas, in sheep's
and shepherd's garbs, and clothing the very demons who
are at present busy in consigning the less guilty Chartists
to the tender mercies of judges, juries, spies, and in-
formers, glad to hand such poverty-stn. ck sinners over to
the congenial sympathy of gaolers, executioners, and
other lofty or lower limbs of the law, too ready to pander
minor prey for the gallows, the grave, or dungeon, pro-
vided by cowardly prosecutors to punish wretched culprits
driven by despair to defy their utmost vengeance. Pray,
Mr. Editor, can any of your intelligent subscribers tell
when, how, or why, the protracted, costly, investigation
of charitable trusts terminated, for I have never
seen its conclusion in ally shape whatever, for silence
on this huge malversation is at least misprision of
treason to the people, infinitely more heinous than
than all the Birmingham riots and other crimes yet com-
mitted by the Chartist Reformers per vi et armis, in con-
sequence of that ignorance and want entailed upon them
by law-craft, and the whole host of its devilish imps of
of hell in this terrestrial purgatory ? It is time for the
priesthood to leave off their vain glorious display of their
sacred persons on temporal tribunals, and to prosecute the
Rational 0 wenites, Socialists, &c., not with fire and
faggots, but sound arguments, in behalf of their mystei ions
Godhead, in heaven or Satan's invisible kingdom, both
battered by the artillery from the celebrated Star in the
East, which has been for some years past undermining the
very foundations of revealed religion, to replace morality in
its etcad, on the more solid basis of truth, reason, and
justice. On this, and concomitant themes, allow me to
twinkle as a mere glow worm in some future Sun. In the
interim, I remain, Sir,
Your constant subscriber and enchanted reader,

NEMO.

FATAL ACCIDENT AT THE SOUTHANIPTON
RAILWAY FTATlON.—Thursday evening an inquest was
taken at Guy's Hospital, on the body of Patrick M‘Do-
nough, a labourer on the above railroad. It appeared from
the evidence that the deceased, on Monday last, was em-
ployed in oiling the pulley belonging to shafting connected
with a steam-engine which was in full work at the time,
at the London terminus, when, in putting the gear in its
proper place, his foot slipped, and he was precipitated head
foremost a depth of fifteen feet, striking his head against
the wheel of one of the carriages. He was picked up in
an insensible state, and carried to the above hospital, where
he expired on Thursday morning. Verdict—Accidental
Death,
DISTRESSING OCCURRENCE.—A melancholy
occurrence took place at Wick on the 14th current. A
little boy, a son of Mr. George Waters, shoemaker, Louis.
burgh, having picked up a small package in the High.
street, wrapt up in blue paper, and in the manner in which
grocers usually make up sweetmeats, carried it home and
delivered it to his mother. On opening it, she found it
contained to all appearance a quantity of small white
sweeties, or confections, mixed with a powder resembling
flour. On tasting the contents, and finding them to agree
with her conjecture, the poor woman distributed a portion
of the supposed confections among her children, of which
they partook—she and her husband having also eaten a
part. In a little time after, violent vomiting and other
symptoms of the family having swallowed some poisonous
substance, declared themselves in all those who had eaten
of it ; and notwithstanding the best efforts and unremitting
attention of Drs. Sinclair and Mill of this place, one of the
children died the same afternoon. The father, mother,
and two children, still remain in a very dangerous and pre.
carions state. It is conjectured that the poisonous pack-
age must have been prepared for the killing of rats, and
that it had been dropped in the street by accident._
Scotsman.

OBESlTY.—Obesity may be considered a serious
evil, and has exposed corpulent persons to many desugre-
melts. The ancients held fat people in sovereign con-
tempt. Some of the Gentoos enter their dwellings by a
hole in the roof, and any fat person who cannot get through
it they consider as an excommunicated offender who has
not been able to rid himself of his sins. An oastern prince
had an officer to regulate the size of his subjects, and who
dieted the unwieldy ones to reduce them to a proper
volume. In China this calamity is considered a blessing,
a man's intellectual qualities are esteemed in the ratio of
corporeal bulk. There are cases on record among our-
selves where unwieldness led to estimation. The corpu-
lent antiquarian Grose was requested by his butcher to tell
all his friends that he bought his meat ftom him ; add the
paviors of Cambridge used to say, " God bless you, sir l"
to a huge professor when they walked over their work,
Fatness has orten been the butt of jocularity. Dr. Staf-
ford who was enormously fat, was honoured with this
epitaph
Take heed, 0 good traveller, and not tread hard,
For here lies Dr. Stafford, in all this churchyard.

TriP B.ltAt, L(*iJON, !MONDAY , Aljet UST 2G, is:36'

UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIA•

TIQN.

(From the Scots Times )
On Tuesday evening
the weekly meeting of the
Directors with Delegates from Trades, Shops, and
Factories, was held in the Hall, College Open,
Mr. Matthew Cullen, one of the Vice-Presidents,
in the chair. The Secretary having read over the
minutes, said it was not talking that would bring
them their rights, it was acting,—(Cheers.) if
the people were prepared to act, they would soon
teach the Government a lesson. Nothing but a
system of terror, deep•toned terror, would do for
the Government, and unless they were ready to do
something more than talk at public meetings, Uni-
versal Suffrage would be as far distant as ever.
When the people
assumed a position, so that
they could terrify the Government, he had
no doubt that Universal Suffrage would
speedily be the law of the land. Some
of the brightest stars in the political horizon
had now become victims to the tyranny of the op-
pressors, and it was their duty to support and com-
fort these men.—(Hear, hear.) They would also
require to support the Convention by every means in
their power, and carry on the agitation in a legal
and peaceable manlier ; and, if they persevered, he
had no doubt that by some happy accident they
would yet gain Universal Suffrage.
A long conversation took place on the propriety
of exclusive dealing. Mr.- Gillespie urged them to
take care and not sacrifice their own friends, and
proposed that the subject be left over till the Can-
vassing Committee had given in their report.
Several members urged upon the Directors the
necessity of something decisive being done in the
matter.

Mr. PATTISON understood that organization
was to take the precedence of all other subjects.
To give the system of exclusive dealing effect, it
would be necessary to announce at their meetings
the names of the parties contributing towards the
(,),!oijeld b
ects oef
marked
ked Association,eu t
b
hi this
nway r
Tories,
easy,
and dealt with exclusivelyy t
bby them in turn. An
extensive system of organization was absolutely
necessary-before any thing of the kind was attempted.
A GENTLEMAN said—lt did not necessarily fol-
low, because the names of parties contributing were
announced to the public, that they would be marked
out by the Whigs and Tories. It was a well
known fact, that the advertising of the names of
individuals subscribing to the public charities of
the city, through the newspapers, had a wonderful
effect in making many an additional guinea be con-
tributed ; and he doubted not, that if the same
system were once fairly commenced, it might have
a like salutary effect upon those contributing to pro-
mote the cause of Universal Suffrage.
Mr. Ross here announced the receipt of 11. ls.
from Messrs. John Fraser and David Welsh, as
the proceeds of a canvass through a few of the
shopkeepers in their district.
It was ultimately agreed that the names of every
person contributing should be published, if they
gave their consent.
Mr. GILLESPIE then moved that a committee be
appointed to call upon the different trades to re-
quest them to appoint committees apart from their
own trades' business, to take up the question of
Universal Suffrage.—Agreed to, and thirteen of
a commttee appointed, with power to add to their
number.

Mr. Ross then brought the subject of Mr. Moir
going to London to attend the meeting of the Con-
vention upon the 26th curt., before the meeting.
Mr. Mont here came forward, and explained
that he had consulted Mr. Abraham Duncan, when
in Glasgow, at the Scottish Delegate meeting, and
he along with himself thought there was no use
for the whole of the Convention meeting on the
26th, to wind up the business, which could be
done by a few of their number. In fact, it was
perfectly absurd to talk of such a thing. Mr.
O'Connor was also of opinion that there was no
necessity for the whole of the members meeting on
the 26th.

Mr. MOIR'S suggestions were thought very ju-
dicious, and a resolution to the effect " that the
National Petition having been disposed of, and as Par-
liament is about to be prorogued, the Convention
can have no ostensible business in London. Under-
standing also that the Convention only meets on
the 26th for the purpose of winding up the business
of the Session, this meeting agree that it is not
necessary to send up Mr. Moir, Delegate for
r anarkshire"—was proposed and unanimously
agreed to.
Mr. CUMMING here announced, that a verdict
of guilty had been obtained against Dr. M'Douall,
and he had been sentenced to twelve months' im-
prisonment in Chester Castle, and to find two sure-
ties in 5001. and 1001. each,—(Hisses and groans.)
Several other warrants had been issued for the ap-
prehension of other Delegates.
Mr. MOIR said, that showed them the necessity
for being very cautious in all their proceedings, and
to take Mr. F. O'Connor's advice—each man, take
care of himself.—(
Hear, hear.) It was abundantly
clear that the middle class men were determined, if
possible, to put down the Chartist agitation. He
thought they should carry on the agitation with all
the discrimination and prudence they were possessed
of, and put no trust in the tender mercies of the
wicked, which were full of deadly cruelty.--
(Applause.)
The TREASURER having announced the receipt
of several considerable sums to the objects of the
Association, a vote of . thanks was tendered the
Chairman, and the meeting separated.

was not applicable to the camera obscura, upon
10iibi it it essential that the object should be in-
stantaneously fixed, since the retative positions of
the sun and earth being changed, the objects
farmed by it were destroyed. M. Niepce was
therefore without hope of doing more than mul-
tiplying engravings, in which the objects being
stationary are not affected by the different relative
positions of the sun. M. Daguerre was de-
voting himself to the same pursuit as M.
Niepce when he associated himself with
that gentleman, and brought to the discovery an
important improvement. The coating employed by
M. Niepce had been laid on by means of a tampon,
or dabber, similar to the process used in printing,
and consequently the coating was neither of a regu-
lar thickness nor perfectly white. M. Daguerre,
conceived the idea of using the residuum which is
obtained from lavender by distilling it ; and to ren-
der it liquid and applicable with more regularity, he
dissolved it in ether. Thus a more uniform and
whiter covering was obtained, but the object, not-
withstanding, was not visible at once—it was neces-
sary to place it over a vase containing some kind of
essential oil, and then the objects stood forth.
This was not all M. Daguerre aimed at. The tints
were not deep enough, and this composition was not
more sensitive than that of M. Niepce. Three days
were still necessary to obtain designs. We now come
to the great discovery in the process for which M.
Daguerre has received a national reward. It is to
the following effect :—A copper sheet, plated with
silver, well cleaned with diluted nitric acid, is ex-
posed to the vapour of iodine, which forms the first
coating, which is very thin, as it does not exceed
the millionth part of a metre in thickness. There
are certain indispensable precautions necessary to
render this coating uniform, the chief of which is
the using of a rim of metal round the sheet. The
sheet, thus prepared, is placed in the camera ob-
scura, where it is allowed to remain from eight to
ten minutes. It is then taken out, but the most
experienced eye can detect no trace of the drawing.
The sheet is now exposed to the vapour of mercury,
and when it has been heated to a temperature of 60
degrees of Reaumur, or 167 Fahrenheit, the
drawing comes forth as if by enchantment.
One singular and hitherto inexplicable fact
in this process is, that the sheet, when ex-
posed to the action of the vapour, must be
inclined, for if it were placed in a direct position
over the vapour the results would be far less satis-
factory. The angle used in 48 degrees. The last
part of the process is to place the sheet in the
hyposulphate of soda, and then to wash it in a large
quantity of distilled water. The description of
the process appeared to excite great interest in the
auditory, amongst whom we observed many dis-
tinguished persons connected with science and the
fine arts.

Unfortunately the locality was not adjudged
suitable for the performance of M. Daguerre's ex-
periments, but we understand that arrangements
will be made for a public exhibition of them. Three
highly curious drawings obtained in this manner
were exhibited ; one of the Pont Marie ; another
of M. Daguerre's atelier; and a third of a room
containing some rich carpeting, all the minutest
threads of which were represented with the most
mathematical accuracy, and with wonderful richness
of effect.

CHARACTER OF MAHOMET ALI,
BY DR. BOWRING.

" He was born at Cavalla in Roumelia, and he
told me he was the youngest of sixteen children. He
was much indulged by his father and mother, and
was a great favourite of his brothers and sisters. He
once said to me, ' Do not wonder if I am sometimes
impatient and want to have my own way. I was
never used to contradiction. I have scarcely ever
known misfortune. I was born under a smiling star,
and that star has smiled upon me all my life
through.' * * Mahomet Ali was forty-six years
old before he had learned either to read or to write.
This he told me himself. I have heard that he
was taught by his favourite wife. But he is
fond of reading now ; and one day, when I
entered his divan unannounced, I found him
quite alone, with his spectacles on, reading
a Turkish volume, which he was much enjoying,
while a considerable pile of books were by his side.
'lt is a pleasant relief,' he said, from public
business ; I was reading some amusing Turkish
stories' (pzobahly the Arabian Nights) ' and now
let us talk—what have you to tell me ?' There is a
great deal of sagacity in Mahomet Ali's conversa-
tion, particularly when he knows or discovers, as
he usually does, the sort of information which his
visitor is most able to give. He discourses with
engineers about mechanical improvements—with
military men on the art of war—with sea-officers
on ship-building and naval manoeuvres—with tra-
vellers on the countries they have visited—with
politicians on public affairs. He very willingly
talks of foreign countries, and princes, and states-
men, and is in the habit of mingling in
the conversation all sorts of anecdotes about
himself and the events connected with his his-
tory. His phrases are often poetical, anti he, like
most Orientals, frequently introduces proverbs and
imagery. I heard him once say, speaking of the
agriculture of Egypt, ' When I came to this country
I only scratched it with a pin, I have now suc-
ceeded in cultivating it with a hoe ; but soon I will
have a plough passing over the whole land.' He
certainly is not cruel, for many a generous deed has
he done, and seldom will it be found that the reign
of a Turkish sovereign is so little stained with blood.
When I was at Cairo a number of Levantine mer-
chants had got deeply, and, I fear, dishonestly in
debt to the Pacha. Payment had been urged in
every possible way, but in vai•i. lit last the Pacha
got impatient, for the amount was large (exceeding
100,000Lsterling), and he directed them to be seized,
sent to the galleys for life, and all their property to
be confiscated. It happened that an Englishman of
distinction and myself were applied to by their dis-
tressed families to intercede with the Pacha, and to

implore mercy, less on account of the imprudent
debtors than of their numerous families. We urged
the excess of punishment, with reference to the of-
fence, falling upon the innocent more heavily than
on the guilty. We talked of the gentle quality of
mercy—blessing the giver as much as the receiver—
and the old man's heart was touched, and he forgave
the debtors. • • I feel a great interest in Mahornet
A li,and the more so, because I have had the advantage
of seeing him with his children and grandchildren
around him, and of talking with them about domestic
matters. In the East it is very difficult to learn
much about the private concerns of any Turk, and
still less of those of men of high station. Mahomet
Ali's great pride is Ibrahim Paella ; a victorious
leader is always an object of admiration among
Mussulmans, and Ibraham Pacha's career has
been one of brilliant military success. His father
is fond of talking of his first-born son and intended
successor. I did not know him,' he said—' I
had not an unbounded confidence in hint for many,
many years; no, not till his beard was almost as

long as my own, and even changing its colour,'
said the Pacha to me, ' but now I can throughly
trust him.' On the part of Ibrahim Pacha, though
in rank above his father (for the Pacha of the
Holy Cities is the first Pacha of the Ottoman
E►npire), there is always the utmost deference to
Mahomet Ali's will. In the most difficult circum-
stances of his life he has always referred to his re-
nowned sire for advice, and whenever he has been
pressed by the representatives of the great powers of
Europe, he has invariably answered, that he
should abide by the instructions he received from
his father. Of the sons of Mahomet Ali, Tous-
soun, the second, was long the favourite. He was
a Prince of a generous, not to say extravagant dis-
position ; and when, on one occasion, he was re-
proached by his father for his prodigality, he an-
swered, It may be well for you to be economical,
who were not borne what you are, but I am the son
of Mahomet Ali Pacha, and the so❑ of a Pacha
must be liberal.' .His father smiled, the answer
flattered his sense of dignity, and he upbraided
Toussoun no more. Not long after Toussoun

died of the plague. A third son, Ismail, was
murdered by the blacks in Senaar, the hut in
which he was being surrounded by brush-
wood, set on fire, and he perished in the
flames. . . I have been very happy in
my children,' he said to me one day : ' there is not
one of them who does not treat me with
the utmost deference and respect ; except,'
he added laughing, that little fellow, the last and
least of all, Mahomet Ali.' He was then a boy
of five or six years old, called by his father's name
—the son of his old age—his Benjamin—his best
beloved. I see how it is,' I said ; your High-
ness spoils the boy. You encourage the little

rogue.' Mahomet Ali laughed again—ft was an
acknowledgement of a little paternal weakness.
Not long after, I was in the Palace of Shorrbra
it *as on a Friday,',the Mussulman Sabbath, wiieri
the Pacha is in the habit of receiving all his family.
I found him in the centre of his Divan. He was
surrounded by all his sons and grandsons, who
were then residing at Cairo. He had been listen-
ing to the accounts of their studies—of their
amusements and their employments, Abbas Pacha,
the eldest son of Toussoun Pacha, oat next his
grandfather, and the rest of the fan-114 were
seated on chairs, according to their ranks and ages.
After some conversation, Mahomet Ali told his
thscendants that they might now withdraw. One
after another they rose, knelt before him, kissed
the hem of his garment, and retired. Little Ma-
hornet Ali came last ; he was dressed in military
costume, with a small golden-cased scimitar
dangling at his side. He advanced towards his
father looked in his face ; he saw the accustomed,
the involuntary sinile ; and, when he was about a
yard from the Pacha, instead of bending or saluting,
him, he turned on his heels, and laughingly scam-
pered away, like a young colt. ' I see how it is.'
said Ito Mahomet Ali. The old man shook his
head—looked grave for a moment—another smile
passed over his countenance-6 Peki, peki said
lie, in a low tone, ' Well, well 1' But I certainly
did not like his Highness the worse for what I had
just witnessed."