The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-06 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVE.NING, OCTOBER 6, 1863.

The following
may be regarded as the most
done effectually without the spontaneous expression
of the wishes of the whole nation.
sentence, however,
significant in the whole address—"l must make
acceptance of the throne dependent upon
my
a plebiscite of the whole country ;" but the
difficulty that lies in the way is, that it
will be necessary for him to ask for guaran-
tees to protect Mexico against the dangers that
threaten her " integrity and independence." If the
guarantees are obtained, and the nation gives a
universal vote in his favour, the ARCHDUKE con-
sents to receive the Crown if his brother, the EM-
PEROR, approves. There is good ground for all
that is proposed and demanded in this reply; but,
at the same time, it must strike many readers that
the suggestions are not very likely to be attended
to, nor are the demands sure to be accorded. On
the contrary, many and grave difficulties are in the
way, and obstacles well-nigh insuperable in-
terpose themselves. Some persons had imagined
that by this time all matters were satisfactorily
arranged, and that the passession of the Crown of
Mexico by the Archduke "v 1 --AXIMILIAN was a settled
affair. It is not so easy, however, to adjust the diffi •
culties that arise in the consideration of a weighty
undertaking, and nothing is so unwise and so im-
prudent as to jump at conclusions and rush at ven-
tures without taking time to mark and digest the
pros and cons of the proceeding. The ARCHDUKE
figures forth a very satisfactory programme of the
style in which he will carry on the kingdom, if he
is able to preside over its destinies. He announces
it to be his firm intention to follow in the path of
progress that was taken by his brother by esta-
blishing a constitution ; and, " after the complete
pacification of the country to seal the fundamental
laws by an oath." This is certainly arranging
affairs in a wise manner; and taking the right
view of the Government of a people and the rule of
a State, thus, the ARCHDUKE truly adds, only can
there be any chance of raising Mexico to a promi-
nent place among nations, and calling into existence
a national policy, so that all parties might co-ope-
rate with him, and forget all disputes. These are
noble sentiments to express; and any country would
be fortunate who possessed a ruler willing and able
to put such precepts into practice. Thus only can
any real benefits be conferred and lasting good con-
ferred, when all concur from the highest to the
lowest to tread the path of progress. One definite
act of reform, and one decided change in effete and
worn-out constitutions, do more to remodel and re-
novate a State than hundreds of compromises and
countless professions of liberty, which sound very
well, but are never carried into effect. It is said
that, subsequently to the reading of the address, the
ARCHDUKE, in conversation with the members of
the deputation, declared that he would not accept
the Crown unless all these conditions were fulfilled'
This is very probable, for his brief address read
like the earnest and impressive avowal of opinion
that would come from one who is decided end
determined regarding his own course, whatever
doubts and delays may obscure the judgments of
others. He believes the co-operation of France
and England to be necessary that order may
be re-established and secured. This is very likely,
and there does not appear any probability that such
assistanee would be denied to him; there would be
more likely difficulties in the way of securing the
first desideratum mentioned, namely, to obtain a
manifestation of the wish of the whole
nation.
Whatever may be the result of all this Mexican
deliberation it seems pretty evident that if the
Archduke 111AXIMILIAN goes out there as ruler, he
he has will not be a roi faineant. On the contrary.
given proof that he does not esteem it as any pri-
vilege to assume the reins of government
without
acting and feeling as if he was the presiding spirit
of the country he was called upon to rule, and the
enlightened adviser of the people whose destinies
was to be placed in his hands. If any political day-
dreamer fancied that the new monarch Was
to be a
puppet, the address of Saturday will have dispelleJ
that illusion at once and for ever. It evidences in
will not the clearest manner that the ARCHDUKE
assume a position without power, and that be wishes
i
that power to be a well-secured one. With these
advantages he will be happy to do his best n the
interest of the community he is called
upon to
govern, but without them he will relinquish the
attempt, convinced that he retires from an unequal
sympathy
struggle. At any rate he will win the
and good wishes of all upright and independent
men for his straightforwardness, and they will go
with him to his arduous venture, and attend him
at home according as the course of events 5"11 dic-
tate his decision and shape his destiny- I

- - -
Mr. FECHTER opens ou the 24th with an entirely
new romantic drama, from the French.
MR. AND MRS. CHARLES MATHEWS appear in
a new comedy by Mr. L. Buckingham, called " Silken
Fetters," at the Haymarket, on the 26th.
LORD IJUNDREARY returns on Boning
Night to
the Haymarket.

THE FINE ARTS EXHIBITION is /lOW
open in the
Palace of Industry in the Ohamps•EtPees* This
exhibition is the undertaking of a committee of private in-
dividuals, who allow that their idea is due to the words
which the Emperor, " the crowned thinker"—uttered on
the 25th of January last, on the occasion of the distribution
of rewards to the exhibitors at our great exhibition of the
last year. The Emperor then. imptee,ed upon his audience
the value of " the spontaneous energy of the individual."
The chief French manufncturers have taken up the Em-
peror's recommendation; and this is the result of their
"spontaneous energy," They have emblazoned the Em-
peror's words under his bust, and placed it in the most pro-
minent part of the palace,,,-deelaring
that the Imperial
speech of January last Is to be henceforth the hoc sign°
vines of every individual enterprise.
SECOND HAND TERROR AT A GHOST—as de-
picted inimitably by Henry Pieldibg in the chapter
of Tom Jones, in which Partridge is taken to see David
Garrick in" Hamlet,"—Fielding here describes with ad-
mirable clearness, says the
London _Review, the true func-
tion of a dramatic ghost. Partridge cares nothing for the
ghost per se. He criticises his apparel, and is certain that
"ghosss don't appear in such dresses as that, neither." It
was the genius of the actor that was to give the ghost all
his terrors. Partridge was not to be persuaded by Tom
Jones that the "man in the strange dress" was a ghost, but
when Hamlet appeared, and saw the ghost, Fielding says
that "Partridge gave that credit to Mr. Garrick which he
had denied to Jones, and fell into so violent a trembling
that 'lie knees knocked against each other." Jones asked
him what was the matter, and whether he was afraid of the
" Oh, la I sir," said he, " I perceive
now it is what you told me. lam not afraid of anything,
warrior on the stage ?
for I know it is but a play, and if it was really a ghost it
could do no one no harm at such a distance, and in so much
company ; yet if I was frightened I am not the only per-
son." " Why, who," cried Jones, " dost thou take to Le
such a coward here, besides thyself ?" " Nay, you may
call me a coward if you will, but if that little man there
upon the stage (Garrick) is not frightened, I never saw
any man frightened in my life." 'I hen Partridge's com-
mentary on the collequy between the Ghost and Hamlet
shows how completely he was carried away by sympathy
with the actor, "Ay, ay; go along with you! Ay, to be
sure! Who's fool, then ! Will you ? Lord have mercy
upon such foolhardiness 1 Whatever happens, it is good
enough for you. Follow
you! I'd follow the devil as
perhaps,less he
uhit e
have
is
vl
eteha
segeosdn. ee v
a,hr
If oehnr
eotrhuese
hyh
es aaiylsr
againehaed Cy
soon,
lo7fo‘ anr t el lar?t' jlsTk eon,
farther than I'd have gone for all the king's dominions."
Jones
sir I offered to speak, but Partridge cried, " Hush, hush,
dear don't you hear him ?'' And during the whole
speech of the Ghost ho sits with his eyes fixed partly on the
Ghost, and partly on Hamlet, and with his mouth wide
open. "The same passions," says the novelist, "which
succeeded each other in Hamlet, succeeded likewise in
him." When the scene was over, Jones said, " Why, Par-
tridge, you exceed my expectation ; you enjoy the play more
than I conceived possible." " Nay, air," answered Par-
tridge, "if you are not afraid of tha devil I can't help it
but, to he sure, it is natural to be surprised at such things,
though I know there is nothing in them; not that it was
the Ghost that surprised me neither, for I should have
known that to be only a man in a strange dress; but When
I sato the little man fi ig htened himself, it was that which
took ,'toad of me,"

LITERATURE,

Treatise on Mills and Millwork,. Part 11. By
William Fairbairn, Esq , C.E., LL.D., F.R.S.,
F.G.s., &c. One Vol., pp. 284. Longman
and Co.
In the World's History, we may rest assured,
this last past half century will be ever borne in
remembrance as emphatically The Age of Engi-
neering. Within its limits how much has been
accomplished by the agency of this wonderful
science, how many topographical and, even, it
might be said without much extravagance, geogra-
phical transformations, have been effected—is now
clearly visible tar and wide over the earth's surface.
The world-famous offer submitted for his accept-
ance to Alexander the Great, by the daring
adulation of the sculptor who dreamt of carving
Mount Athos into a Colossal Effigy of the Yosng
Conqueror, holding in the palm of one hand a
populous city, and under the palm of the other
an urn, from the mouth of which a river should
flow into the waters of the ./E;eaan—has been
immeasurably
what may be called,
o m
to surpassed by,
speak, the every-day marvels effected by
ism
Modern Engineering. The obedient Geni
of the Arabian Tales has been literally
realised in a substantial shape by the wondrous
fabrication of the Steam Engine. The Fiery Dragon
of the Fairy Tales again we have had actually
chained to our own cars in the palpable form of our
Locomotive. The network of iron, with which so
large a part of the habitable globe is already covered,
enables us, whensoever we list and whithersuever
we please, to travel as smoothly and as swiftly as
the Persian seated on the magical square of carpet
talked of by the Princess Scheherazade. Only that,
in lieu of having to discover the square of carpet
to sit upon, we have but to purchase for a few
coins a tiny square of pasteboard to hold betwixt
finger and thumb. Thanks to our modern engineer-
ing, not only are the seas, and oceans, and ocean,
channels crossed to and fro continually, in despite of
opposing winds and adverse tides, while the earth's
surface is being traversed in the same astonishing,
manner, only with far greater speed, and with un-
erring punctuality—but the rivers are spanned in
all directions, at almost any width or altitude; the
solid hills are pierced with tunnels; in one instance
close at hand a double passage has been tunnelled
with perfect success under a sandy river-bed ; and
by the ingenious application of steam power to
the accomplishment of almost every one of our
manufactures, the labour of the human hand
is being every day more and more effectually
superseded by the far more delicate, rapid, and un-
erring labour of complicated pieces of mechanism,
fabricated, it is true, by that same wonder-
working hand! Almost the last of the Great En-
gineers by whose varied genius these marvellous
changes have been brought about, almost the last
of the Great Engineers of this Great Age par excel-
lence of Engineering is the author of the book Lere
submitted to our consideration. Professor Fair-
bairn's name will go down to after times together
with the names of the noblest of his illustrious en-
gineering brother-workers, his co-operators and con-
temporaries. William Fairbairn has made good,
long since, his claim to be regarded as one having
a fair share in the merit of one of the most remark-
able masterpiecea of Robert Stephenson, the tubular
bridge at the Menai Straits. As one of the recog-
nised Nesters of Physical Science, he has presided in
due turn, and it will long be remembered with con-
spicuous ability, over the annual proceedings of the
British Association. As the clasps and medals, upon
the breast of a warrior tell of the perilous feats by
flood and field through which he has passed, so does
the long string of symbolical initials appended to
the name of 'William Fairbairn, tell quite as plainly,
quite as significantly, of the good work done
by him as a master of engineering. Besides
those emblematic letters given above, at the
heading of this notice, as being selected
from the very pick of these initials, it
should be here remarked as well, that, in addition
to many other honorary titles conferred upon him
by various learned bodies, and by various foreign
nations, Professor Fairbairn is a Corresponding
Member of the National Institute of France, and of
the Royal Academy of Turin. And though without
any star, or medal, or clasp, or ribbon as an Eng-
lishman, he wears the cross and the red silk at his
button-hole as a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.
It is so far fortunate, however, that this distin-
guished veteran of the bloodless battle-ground of
the science of Engineering, covered with these
honours, and justified to the full, though he would
have been in resting henceforth upon his well won
laurels, has, nevertheless, toiled as assiduously in
the collecting together of the materials of which
this remarkable Treatise is composed—a treatise
embodying so much of the fruits of his enlarged
observation and practical experience ! A work that
William Fairbairn, and William Fairbairn alone,
was in any way qualified to have written.
He himself tells us in his Preface—" My
professional career commenced just at a time when
the manufacturing industry of the country was re-
eovering from the effects of a long and disastrous
war, and I was enabled, from this circumstance, to
grow up with and follow out consecutively nearly
the whole of the discoveries, improvements, and
changes that have since taken place in mechanical
science. These discoveries have been numerous and
invaluable in contributing to the development
of our industrial resources, the diffusion of
knowledge, and the extension of trade and
commerce throughout the globe. It will not
electric telegraphs be necessary to repeat what steam, gas, and
have effected both on sea
and land in the same time, and how much we are
indebted to these agencies for the abundant com-
forts, luxuries, sod enjoyments which we now
possess, as compared with the age in which our
fathers lived. It will be found on inquiry that in mills,
where these agencies are employed, and where the
manufacture of cotton, silk, flax, and wool are car-
ried on, aro some of the elements to which we are
indebted for the numerous advantages which enter
into the improved state of our ."
social existence
It is to mills then, peculiarly and especially, that
the learned author has here directed his attention
—and by necessity, of course, his reader's. Part
One of this Treatise, already published some time
since by the Messrs. Longman, embodied within it
a carefully compacted, and yet at times a very de-
tailed, record of Professor Fairbairn's experiences,
for close upon half a century, as a mill-architect, as
a mill-wright, and as a mechanical engineer. Part
Two "follows suit" by giving a minute and care-
fully exact description of the mills themselves, of
the millwork accomplished in them, and, generally
speaking, of the intricate and complicated arrange-
ments incidental to the carrying out of various of
our leading manufactures. The Machinery of Trans-
mission, above all, is described in this volume
his
as only a master of subject and
one so largely skilled by practice as a mechanical
engineer could well describe it. Tne Grander
Treatise, in fact, of which this comprehensive
volume is part, gives us, in this portion of iste a
lf.
variety of minor treatises, each
complete
Treatises on Wheels, on Shafts, on Couplings—on
the Engaging and Disengaging of Gear—on Mill
in it
Architecture. Separate sections or chapters, more-
over, being here devoted respectively to all the
numerous kinds of mills now working, in more or
less abundance, in different parts of the country—
corn mills, silk mills, flax mills, cotton mills, woollen
mills, oil mills, paper mills, and powder mills. The
whole work, or rather Part 11 of this highly
elaborated Treatise upon Mills and Mill work being
of Iron. That
e particularised as
solitary addition itself might b
supplemented with a brief bat admirably succinct
account of—The Manufacture
a masterpiece of well-compressed and invaluable
information, worthy of publication separately in the
form of a popular handbook. The whole work,
all,
how-
ever, is, in its way, invaluable—above to the busy
and intelligent world of our mechanical engineers,
both young and old. All kinds of information they
can obtain here at pleasure in regard to everything
about wheels, toothed wheels of all kinds, mortise
wheels, spur wheels, the pitch and diameter of
wheels, the teeth of the toothed wheels, whether in-
volute, epicycloid al or hypocycloidal, whether bevel
led or wormed—.upon all the diversities of couplings,
the claw coupling,
the disc coupling, the circular
half-lap coupling, and ao forth—About hammers,

plummer blocks, friction cones and friction discs—
about strain and torsion, about velocity and about
lubrication. Here not only is every required
information upon these subjects ready at
hand when wanted, but it is of a kind, it is
from an authority that may be relied upon by
one and all implicitly and with absolute confidence.
That is, in one word, the distinct and instantly re-
cognisable merit of the work : it is worthy of taking
its place at once upon our scientific bookshelves as
—an authority. Nay, more even than that—as the
authcrity upon Mills and Mill Work.

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

[REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.]

AMERICA.
(Per the Damascus.)
NEW YORK, Sept. 26 (Noon).
General Burnside has reached a point where he
is expected to prevent a flank movement by the
Confederates.
Reports from Nashville assert that General
Rosencranz's position is more favourable than is
believed at the North.
General Meade's army is moving transports, and
are loading at Alexandria. Their destination is a
matter of conjecture.
An important Federal movement is also taking
place on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio rail-
road.
The Evening Post believes that the reinforcements
sent from Virginia to Bragg have left Richmond
nearly defenceless.
COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE.
Money easy. Gold, 391 prem. Exchange—
Bankers' bills, 153 to 154 k. Stocks depressed--
New York Central, 1334; Illinois, 1221 f Erie,
106 k.

EARTHQUAKE AT HEREFORD.
HEREFORD, Ocr. 6.

At 3.20 this morning the city of Hereford was
violently shaken by an earthquake. The sound was
perfectly awful.

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.
BRESLAU, OCT. 6.

The Cossacks have killed on the high road the
Councillor of Justice Blodowski, and the proprietor
Dangel.
Fresh detachments of insurgents have appeared
in the vicinity cf Kalisch.

INDIA AND CHINA.
MARSEILLES, OCT. 6.

The Messageries Imperiales steamer Peluse, with
India and China mails, arrived here yesterday at
9.30 p.m.

FRANCE.
PARIS, OCT. 6.

The Constitutionnel of to-day, in an article
signed by M. Limayrac, condemns the exaggera-
tions of MM. Gaeroult and Emile de Girardin, and
says—" The Imperial policy knows how to ally
prudence with firmness. It is incorrect to say
France is responsible for the bloodshed in Poland.
The Polish question has entered a new phase in
consequence of the declaration of Earl Russell
concerning the treaties of 1815. Upon this new
ground France will do her duty es she has done in
the recent negociations, and will not give way to
passionate excitement. Conservative France has
no more to fear an adventurous war under the nego-
tiator of the peace of Villafranca, than liberal
France has to fear a compromising peace under
the conqueror of Solferino."
The Emperor and the Imperial Prince arrived on
Sunday evening at Bordeaux, where they remained
yesterday. They are expected in Paris to-day.
BOURSE, 03t. s.—The market has not been ani-
mated, but the quotations of Saturday were well
maintained—Threes being now unvaried at 67175 c.
Mobilier have improved to 1,185 fr. Railway Shares
are on the declining scale. The market closed as
folio we :

it per Cents. 95 90 Italian Loan 73 60
Do. end month.... Do. end month 73 55
3 per Cents
Do. end month.... 67 75 Do. end month —
Credit Mobilier.... 1165 Russian -

De. end m0nth....1230 Austrian
Bank Shares Spanish Threes....
Credit •k oneier 1312 50 Home Debt ......

BAIL WAYS.
Cash. Account.
Orleans
Northern
New ditto -
Lyons and Mediterranean 1027 60 .. 1005
Geneva 497 50 .. --
Southern .. 717 50 .. 715
Western
.Eastern
Sardinian 420 .. 412 50
Austrian
Lon.bard
North of Spain
Saragossa 645 I .. 640
Ditto to Barcelona

THE STORM BEFORE THE BATTLE OF SALAMANCA.
—described by Sir Edward Cust in his " Annals of
the Wars of the Nineteenth Century."—The night was
one of more than common darkness, for a storm—the fre-
quent precursor of a battle—broke with violence over the
landscape. Torrents of rain had already swollen the river
fords. and, as the men emerged dripping out of the water,
the deafening thunder rolled in successive peals. and the
lightning flashed out brilliantly, playing with remarkable
vividness on the tops of the soldiers' bayonets and the
scabbards of the marching cavalry. In the midst of this
crash of the elements, the whole of the column, cavalry and
infantry, gained an uncomfortable bivouac very late. An
unusually vivid flash of lightning killed some men, and so
frightened the horses of the cavalry, that they broke loose
from their pickets and, galloping wildly across the country,
were mistaken in the obscurity for patrols of the enemy.
But this dispersion of the frightened and riderless horses
added to the awful effect of the tempest, and was altogether
a scene ever to be remembered.

PORTRAIT OF LORD BROUGHAM FOR THE PAR-
LIAMENT HOUSE, EDINBURGH.—Some time since
the Lords of the Court of Session and the members of the
Scottish Bar resolved to have painted a full-length original
portrait of Lord Brougham, to be placed in Parliament
House, Edinburgh; and conferred the honour of executing
the commission on Mr. D. Macnee. Lord Brougham, on
being apprised of the selection, intimated with much cor-
diality his readiness to give every facility to the artist ; and
the picture, as it now appears, represents his lordship hold-
ing in his left hand a document or copy of an address,
and, with his right hand extended, he seems to be in the
act of addressing a deputation with much earnestness. Lord
Brougham's robes as a Peer of the realm are represented as
thrown over a table on the background, while the rich gold
embroidered purse of a Lord Chancellor of England lies on
a custtion at his feet, indicating the high political and judi-
cial office which his lordship had filled. Two busts are
seen behind the main figure on the canvas, which any one
will recognise in a moment as those of his lordabip'a old
friends, James Watt and the Duke of Wellington ; and
thaw, we believe, have been introduced by Lord Brougham's
special suggestion. The other accessories are entirely in
keeping with the subject, and of a singularly graceful
character.

A SUBSTITUTE FOR COAL—There is in Trinidad,
only a mile from the coast, a basi❑ of 99 acres filled
with asphalt, yielding 70 gallons of crude oil per ton.
There me also springs of asphaltic oil in the neighbourhood,
and large pitch banks off the shore. It is estimated that
the take is capable of producing 300,000,000 gallons of oil,
and 40 or 50 gallons aro considered equal to a ton of coal.
Tho Trinidad Colonist publishes a snemoire by Mr. Stoll-
meyer, of Port of Spain, proposing the use of this liquid
fue; for oceanic steam navigation, and he states that he has
been at various times for these three years suggesting the
employment of a distillate from the pitch lake of Trinidad.
To oil a ship would not take above a tenth of the time it
takes to coal her if pipes were employed, and the oil would
not take above a fourth of the space occupied by coals. He
recommends that it be applied at once as auxiliary to coal
by throwing jets over the burning mass, but contemplates
eventually upright tubular boilers, the liquid fuel to be
supplied as fast as it can be converted into flame. Of
course the North AosericAn. oil springs are another source
of supply.
A WILD-FLOWER SHOW is spoken of as a pro-
bable novelty in London.

•
=_••-, •
(inni• titular.

THE QUEEN IN SCOTLAND.

BALMORAL, Oct. 2.
The Queen went out yesterday with Prince and
Princess Louis of Hesse.
The Princesses Helena and Louise, attended by
Lady Churchill, rode to Invercauld.

Oct. 5,
The Queen, accompanied by Princess Louis of
Hesse and Princess Helena, went out yesterday
morning.

Her Majesty, accompanied by Prince and Princess
Louis of Hesse, the Princesses Helena, Louise, and
Beatrice, attended by Lady Churchill and Lady
Augusta Bruce, went at seven o'clock yesterday
evening to Abergeldie Castle to receive their Royal
Highnesses the Crown Prince and Princess of
Prussia, and Prince William, Princess Charlotte,
and Prince Albert Henry of Prussia on their arrival
from Edinburgh.
Their Royal Highnesses the Crown Prifice and
Princess of Prussia, accompanied by Prince William,
Princess Charlotte, and Prince Albert Henry of
Prussia, and attended by Countess Hohentha),
Baroness Dobenck, and Captain Lucadou, arrived
at Abergeldie Castle yesterday evening from Edin-
burgh, where their royal highnesses rested the
previous night, on their journey from Potsdam.

The Prince and Princess of Wales.
The Prince of Wales, attended by Captain Grey,
rode on horseback yesterday morning.
The Princess of Wales, attended by the Hon.
Mrs. W. Grey, took a carriage drive.