The Sun.
London, England, 1863-11-11 00:00:00

DISTRESSING SUICIDE,

Yesterday Dr. Lankester, the coroner for Central
Middlesex, held au inquest at University College
Hospital touching the death of a boy named 'William
Frederick Knapton, aged 13 years, who came by
his death under very painful circumstances. The
first witness examined was Charlotte Knaptun, who
stated that she was wife of Thomas Knapton, a
pianoforte-maker, living at No. 7, Fitzroy-row,
Euston• road. The deceased was her son. He was
a boy of very violent disposition. On Friday last
he threw a fork at one of his sisters, and it stuck
in her back. His father threatened to chastise him
if he committed any similar act in future. On
Saturday, when the family were at dinner, his
father being absent at the time, he threw a piece
of bread at one of his sisters. She was drinking out
of a cup, and the bread struck the cup, breaking
it, and causing it to cut the girl's month. Mrs.
Knapton remonstrated with the boy, and ordered
him to leave the room. He then went out and sat
on the stairs. One of her daughters said he ought
to be ashamed of his conduct, and in reply he abused
her, after which he ran up to a bedroom and
slammed the door after him. As it was his custom
to lie down on a bed and sleep off his bad temper,
his mother thought that he was acting in accord-
ance with that habit, and she prevented one of his
younger brothers from disturbing him. She then
left the house for the purpose of visiting a neigh-
bour with whom she had business, but was recalled
in a few minutes by the screams of her children.
On going up to the bedroom she found the
deceased boy hanging by a cord from a hook
behind the door. She lifted him off, and
afterwards cut the cord and conveyed him
in a cab to the University College Hospital, but
he showed no signs of life when she removed
him from the hook, and he was certainly quite
dead on her arrival at the hospital. Emma Knap-
ton, daughter of the last witness, corroborated her
mother's testimony, and added that it was she who
discovered the body hanging from the hook behind
the door. 'When her mother left to visit her neigh-
bour one of her little brothers told her , that he
wanted something in the bedroom, but was unable
to open the door. She then forced the door open,
and found that it had been fastened with a pair
of pincers. Dr. Sydney Ringer, resident medical
officer of University College Hospital, stated his
opinion that deceased had been dead a quarter of
an hour before his admission. Unsuccessful en-
deavours to restore respiration were made for
three-quarters of an hour after. The coroner, in sum-
ming up the evidence, said this was the most painful
case that had ever Come before him. Every one who
had heard the facts and had witnessed the mother's
grief must sympathise with that poor woman. The
only comfort he could offer her was contained in the
reflection that if a boy of such violent temper had
lived to a more advanced age it wasvery probable
he would have taken life or inflicted serious personal
injury on another person, and so have brought dis-
grace on- a respectable family, while he was not
perhaps accountable to God for the_ deed by which,
in 'a moment of madness, he had deprived himself
of life. The jury found that the deceased had 09121-
milted suicide while in an unsound state of mind.

SECOND EDITION.

SUN OFFICE, HALF-PAST 4 O'CLOCK.

SPAIN.

MADRID, Nov. 10.—The lbe?-ia considers it pro-
bable that the crow❑ lands, valued at 3,000 millions
of reals, will be sold. The Epoca says that the
country wants a Progressista Ministry.

THIRD EDITION

SUN OFFICE, SEVEN O'CLOCK.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.---This Day.

LIVERPOOL RACES-MIS DAY.
(BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.)
HANDICAP HURDLE RACE.

Pot Pourri
2
Bowman
Ton ran.
FLYING HANDICAP.

Gamma ........................................... 1
Farfalla
Pupil .................. 3
Fourteen ran
JUVENILE STAKES,

Alpheus
Orphene ............ 1
Persuasion
............ 3
SWEEPSTAKES OF 10 SON'S.

Birkenhead
Rothschild
2
Birthday filly 3

Six ran.
KNOWSLEI,7 NURSERY HANDICAP.

Cutaway . _
1
Practitioner 2
_ .

Nine ran.
ALL-AGED STAKES.

Prescription 1
Highland Mary
Ten ran.
AINTREE PLATE.

Despair
East Lancashire
Sorceress
.. 3

Six ran.
£4O HANDICAP PLATE.

Pupil
Cassidia .... 1
Confidence ..
2
__. . 3

ran.
Pupilobjected to for Nine swerving
stakes. , and Cassidia gets the

LIVERPOOL CUP.
7to 2on the Field (offered)
sto 1 agst Balhaw (taken freely)
7to 1 agst Fairwater (taken)
Sto 1 agst Blithfield (taken)
25 to 1 agst Earl of Surrey (taken)

HOW I BECAME AN ADMIRAL.—In the course of
the evidence taken last summer before the Com-
mons' Select Committee on promotion in the navy, Rear-
Admiral G. Elliot was examined. After answering a great
many questions, the gallant officer said,—" I do not like to
sit under the possibility of its being supposed that 1 desire
to conceal anything with reference to my own position. If
nay father had not been an admiral, and if he had not been
lucky in holding commands, I should not have been an
admiral, or perhaps a captain by this time; but he gave me
every promotion that I have had in consequence of death
vacancies. My father nominated his son, and in that way
I WSJ placed on every occasion over the haada of all those
who had not the good fortune of having a father an admi-
ral." He added, in answer to Mr. Ayrton, that he had
seen a very inefficient officer promoted in this way, and, in
answer to a further question, he agreed that probably he
and Admiral Grey were the most fortunate officers in the
navy. Captain B. J. Sullivan mentioned to the committee
an instance of two Midshipmen entering the same ship
within a year of each other; one of them, still a mate, had
afterwards to go to the assistance of the other, whose sloop
was on shore, and who, having powerful interest, had been
three years a commander. When this latter officer through
interest became a captain he had only served seven years
front the time of passing, and had never served a day after
being made a captain,although he bad great interest to ob-
tain service if ha had wished it. He had gone on the Re-
served Admirals' List, and has received about £6,000 in
the shape of half-pay. Captain Sullivan added that we
have never had such fair promotions as in the last two or

three years, but that the system does still work of making
appointments on account of interest, and that alone, either
family or political, and that though the men with interest
may have as fair a proportion of good officers among them.
as the other class, it is very disheartening to deserving
officers to see promotions made from interest alone without
regard to qualification, and interest alone sufficient to raise
men rapidly to the higher ranks.

AN ANNULAR ECLIPSE OF THE SUN took place
this morning, Nov. 11—being, however, invisible
to us in England. It began at 10 minutes before 6h a.m.,
mean time at Greenwich, in longitude 9 deg 5 min W of
Greenwich, and 23 deg of south latitude. The central
eclipse began generally at 17 minutes past 7h a.m. in longi-
tude 43 deg 19 min W of Greenwich, and latitude 48 deg
S. The central eclipse ended at 9h a.m., in longitude 173
deg E of Greenwich, and latitude 65 deg 10 min S ; and the
eclipse ended on the earth generally at 27 minutes past 10h
a.m., in longitude 125 deg 44 min E of Greenwich, and
latitude 42 deg 30 min S. This eclipse will have been
visible from the Great Southern Ocean, and from the Cape
of Good Hope, where it will have been partial only, begin-
ning at 22 minutes past 7h a.m. ; the middle of the eclipse
taking place at 12 minutes after 8h a.m., and ending at 7
minutes after 9h a.m., mean time at the Cape.
We are authorized to state that the 12th inst.
has been fixed as the day for opening the court-martial
upon Lieutenant-Colonel Crawley at Aldershott. The
proceedings will commence at 11 a.m.
THE LATE MR. J. W. STEWART'S posthumous
work, entitled "Picked up at Sea," will be published im-
mediately.

POOR NADAR has already been the subject of a
song called " Nadar-Balloon, cascade serienne, r6cit fan-
tastique de Philidor Greluchet, raseur Gascon: Paroles do
MM. Felix Baumaine et E. A.D., Mu sique de J. Javelot.
MR. CHARLES DICKENS'S new story (announced
by us some time back as forthcoming) will be published by
Messrs. Chapman and Hall, in 20 monthly parts, illustrate d
by Mr. Hablot Knight Browne. The first number will be
published on the Ist of May.

TREASURE TROVE.—The Athena= has received
the following curious and characteristic letter from
the Nestor of literature, W. S. Landor :—" Florence, Oct.
29, 1863. By the Athenceum of October 24th, I see that a
gold coin has been found, recently, near Llanthony Abbey.
This abbey is mine, and so are the estates round about it
and the manor, as well as Cwmioy. lam not curious ;in
coins. This might with propriety have been offered to me.
I should not have accepted it, perhap's you may, with the
permission here given by, yours, &0., WALTER Se
LANDOR."

THE PROJECTED NEW MONTHLY MAGAZENE,
to be entitled f/he .7lfay Fair Magazine, under Miss Brad-
don's editorship, has been abandoned. A new novel ivill
be commenced by that lady in the January number of
Temple Bar.
A NEW LIBERAL BONAPARTIST JOURNAL ig
spoken of, to be edited by M. de Jouvenel.
A strange drama has just occurred near Rochelle (ChiP"
rente-Inferienre). A young man named Cossevin, aged, 21(.):
had for the last two years courted a young girl named 'PH%
Baillon, aged 16, Inhabiting the commune of Lager'
addresses were well received by the girl, who was gni'e
willing to marry him. Her mother, however, had refused
to consent to their union in consequence of their youth.
Three days back Cossevin called on Mme. Baillon anmwle
a formal offer of marriage, and was refuse--
Cossevin than
asked if he might be. allowed to visit the daughter, and the
mother appearing to hesitate, he
added, "If in ten minuts
hteh patoitn they
a
you have not made up your mind, you will see what I wiil
°e girl,
rushed proposed
se d
forward and
do I" After a silence of about a quarter of an hour, he rose,:
and offering a pistol to the y
shouldsecon tapesecond
pistoleacaht
h other'ser,,
bul
but
lives.
mother On her
hrrefusing,
.
turned aside his hand at the moment he fired. He then
mtoerkneienpg secret
tvin waited
directed the other pistol at the mother, forced her to go on
what had taken
phlearceltoneTesh,eanfoliotneagr
carrying milk to
girl as she wasßochelle,andentered
into conversation with her; but
On arriving at the
edge of a wood, he seized her hands,for the
and then, forcing her
into a ditch, again produced his two pistols, fired one at the
young giips breast, and with the other attempted to blow
out his own brains. The
girl escaped with a slight wound,
but the second ball had lodged in Cossevin's skull, and he
now lies in a desperate state.
Tho Correctional Tribunal of St.-Etienne (Loise) has
just been engaged two days in trying nine persons em-
ployed on the St.-Etienne to Roanne railway, charged with
having through their negligence caused the fatal accident
at La Fouillouse, on the 24th August last, by which four
persons were killed and nine others more or less seriously
injured, 24 witnesses were examined for the prosecution
and 12 for the defence. The defendants pleaded that they
had acted in accordance with the regulations, and had not
been guilty of any neglect. This plea, however, was not
supported by the evidence, for the tzthunal declared the
charges proved against them all, and. condemned M. St.-
Martin, deputy station master at St.-Etienne, to 16 months'
imprisonment, and I,ooofr. fine; Tarllaed, station-master
at Villars, to a year's imprisonment and 500 fr. fine; Bar-
bet, train-conductor, Fevre, engine -driver, and Mitaine,
stoker, each to six months' imprison tnent and 500 fr. fine ;
and the four other defendants, all gate-keepers, each to 15
days' imprisonment and 50fr. fine. Nearly all the defend•
ants have lodged appeals against thsJir sentences,

THE POLISH INSURRECTION.

(From, the Special Correspondent of the limes.)
WARSAW, Nov. 4.

The Russians have lately gained various advan-
tages, more or less importan!, over the National
Government. For several months after the begin-
ning of the insurrection the National Government
was obeyed on some points, the Russian Government
on others ; but the two did not come into collision
so much as was generally supposed. The National
taxes were, to be sure, paid up with great regularity,
while the Russian taxes were not paid at all; and
thus the Russian Government was set doubly at de-
fiance, for its subjects in the Kingdom of Poland not
only left undone what it ordered them to do, but also
did precisely what it ordered them not to do. How-
ever, the Russian Government managed to get its
taxes in when it at last proceeded to distrain for
them, and the mere threat of execution suffices now
to screw money out of the Warsaw householders. I
believe the first direct trial of strength between the
two rival powers in Poland topic place some three
months ago; when the National Government com-
manded all persons employed on the Warsaw Rail-
way to quit their occupations, they were afraid to
obey the order, and remained. A second challenge
was offered to the Russian Government at the be-
ginning of September, when all writers, compositors,
and printers engaged on the Official journal were
called upon to abandon their posts, on or before the
Ist of October, so as to render the
existence of the
paper after that date impossible. The
Officio/Journal
still appears, though it has lost nearly all its sub-
scribers, and leads a miserable life n Government
bureaux, and in such places of public resort as are
chiefly frequented by Russian officers.
The Russians, finding that the National Govern-
ment was, after all, not omnipotent in Poland,
and having already received proof that taxes would
bc paid every
where if they were only sufficiently
pressed for, determined now in its turn to attack
the National Government, and in the very centre of
the secret organisation called for the immediate
payment of an
8 per cent. tax, levied with the
openly avowed object of providing fresh funds for
the suppression of the insurrection. The National
Government, as had been expected, forbade payment
of the tax under the severest penalties. It publishes
the names of the first house proprietors who, never-
theless, did pay, and summoned them before one
of the revolutionary tribunals to answer for their
offence. In spite of these precautions and warnings,
however, the war contribution has been paid by the
great majority of the 3,000 house proprietors of
-Warsaw, the only class from which it was required ;
and it seems to be the general opinion that if a
few days' grace be given there will be no defaulters
except those who are absolutely unable to pay.
The chief arguments among the Poles for paying
and for not paying this tax were, on the one hand,
that if it were not forthcoming at the appointed
time, the Russian Government would, according to
its proclaimed intention, levy, not for 8 but 12 per
cent., by which the taxpayers and, indirectly, the
National Government also, would lose, and the Rus-
sian Government alone gain. On the other hand, it
was maintained that the citizens of Warsaw should
not, while their fellow countrymen were exposing
their lives in the field, supply the Russian Govern-
ment with means for suppressing the insurrection,
The anomaly pointed out by those who maintained
the latter argument was just what the Russians
wished to render as evident as possible.
In Lithuania it forces proprietors to sign ad-
dresses disavowing the insurrection; in the King-
dom of Poland it compels one portion of the popu-
lation to pay a special tax for making war upon
another portion. There is not less unanimity than
there was before among the educated and all but the
utterly uneducated classes of Poland; but the Rus-
sians are now determined to resort to all possible
measures for bringing the present state of things to
an end. They cannot, in spite of innumerable arrests,
discover the directing members of the National Go-
vernment, but, by inventing new, curious, and,
from their point of view, appropriate measures,
they can prove that it is powerless when brought
into direct and open collision with the Russian Go-
vernment ; and they can so drain the country of
money and resources that for the National Govern-
ment there will soon be nothing left.
Of the officers and agents of the National Govern-
ment several have fallen into the hands of the Rus-
sians and have been hanged. Others are now under
arrest, and their fate probably depends less upon
what can be proved against them than upon the ne-
cessity that may be thought to exist for making
fresh reprisals for acts of violence and bloodshed
committed in the streets of Warsaw. It was gene-
rally reported the other day that a young lady who
had been proved to have taken a most active part
in circulating newspapers, addresses, and official
correspondence for the National Government, was
about to be beheaded, but it is said now that the
sentence has been commuted into exile to Siberia,
and it may be hoped that the atrocious intention
generally attributed to the Government in respect
to this unhappy young girl was never seriously en-
tertained.

In the meanwhile, however, young ladies are
continually being arrested. Fifty, for the most
Part girls of from 17 to 19 years of age—some of
thorn even younger—were taken one night last
Week, and are now shut up in prison. Old and
Yoan
, RI men and women, are all treated alike
In the
mattert of arrest, and are invariably
seized in the middle of the night. These
nocturnal visits
may
cause some unnecessary alarm,
other hand, the the
Russians who feel it ; and, on the
a nurab:earndal that would be caused by
taking
daytime
young girls through
the streets in tee
is avoided. v`rloca'ilYotime in the custody of soldiers
jog are the Russian atnight till 4 the next
officialmorn-
da hours for deeds that will
not bear the light of
Though 9 is the regu-
lation time for getting ijo.ni
few stragglers fa-
voured with " permits" for it a
out later may
bo seen here and there until 10,
These " permits"
do not save you from being arrest
down unable to
the nearest post by a patiol
of ?land marched to
read, nor from being knocked
knowha sentinel,
not keep sufficiently au large in passing7tl if you do
after
tata.you do
who, however, is not obliged to
not mean to assassinate him. But
fair allowances the fact remains that t, permits;; all
Who thtls' are
not safeguards, and accordingly no one
besides the " permit" the far more substantial ee
pro-
tection of a private carriage stays out after n, Or 10
at the very latest. Then the arrests begin of which
one bears the next day from the friends and rela-
tions of those taken. Then, too, begins the march-
ing off into exile, of which, perhaps, one does not
hear at all, though it may b 3 reported a few days
afterwards that such and such persons are already
on their way Siberia.
Towards 9 o'clock at night a ring at the bell will
produce in a private house at Warsaw a most alarm-
ing effect. It is too late for a visitor, and only a
little early for the police. No one is safe, and it
is easy to see that every one feels the dan-
ger, though without shrinking from it. Thou-
sands of men and women—some of them almost
children.—are not only in continual danger of being
arrested, for lately some of the most unlikely per-
bee in all Poland to take part in a conspiracy have
been seized,
mane.; , but arc daily exposing their lives by the
"°44
their duties they undertake in the service of
country, One
would think it sufficient for
the Russians
This
Would :i to confine their pursuit to the men.
for many a long
them more occupation than enough
cannot pretend tghamto.nth to come, and they surely
of men, the if they once defeated the con-
spiracykeep up the insurrecrioomen of Poland alone could
their blows felt it is all the
But as long as they make
whom they strike. They are to them where and
ing themselves ;. all they feraerr!ot afraid of disgrac-
the insurrection throughout the
Wtl.le continuance of
an obvious truth when they state winter. Th© utter
Government would endeavour to
put
tatd every other
surrection in its provinces ; but they deceive all in'
selves grossly if they really believe fora ivme them-
that any civilised Government would resort to such
means as Russia is now employing against Poles of
both sexes and of every class, condition, and age,
The Russians arrest their victims in the dead of
night, on the denunciation of spies ; question and
convict them before secret tribunals; and do not
even ;publish the sentences, unless the sentence be

death, and the execution is to take place in Warsaw
or Wilna. Alt accusations in regard to torture are,
of course, met by them with a flat denial d a re-
quest for proof, when it is evident that no proof can
be given, for to mention the name of a trustworthy
informant on such:a subject would b to point out
him or her for immediate arrest. As Prisoners are
not allowed to talk freely with their friends, and
are often not permitted to see them at all—never
except in presence of an official—it does really
appear difficult to know positively whether or
not they are beaten (as the Poles believe to be
often the case) with the view of extorting con-
fession. Under the Emperor Nicholas there was no
mystery on the subject, nor is there nowin
is
Lithu-
ania, under the infamous Mouravieff. It
cer-
tain also—there are proofs of the fact—that two
gentlemen, named Rawics andkn
Oborski,igdoro of Poland
who wereud
lately arrested at Siedlee, in the
(in which district important discoveries are said to
have been made as to the organisation of the local
National Government) were violently beaten. AI.
Oborski has since become insane, and if in his pre-
sent state he should speak of the torture inflicted
upon him the Russians will be able to say that be
is raving. It is seldom that a man likely to have
been beaten comes out of prison at all, unless to go
to Siberia. But some have contrived to communi-
cate with their friends ; others have at last been
liberated or have escaped ; as to others, again, the
condition of their backs has been known from the
state of their linen when sent out to be washed.
Torture bybeen
beating has too on
Russia to be suddenly discontinuedbgytshuebcoursdtionmatiens
even if their superiors so ordered it.
In the country, too, throughout Poland, persons
are habitually beaten who refuse, or are unable, to
give information as to the position of insurgent
bands, which it is taken for granted they must have
seen. A German doaler in furs, who lately arrived
in Warsaw by the high road from Moscow, corn.
plains publicly of having been treated in this fashion
by Cossacks. An officer to whom he appealed for
redress, offered, it is true, to punish the Cossacks
who had committed the offence if they could be
pointed out, but without taking any steps to disco-
ver them himself.

As to the flogging of women, it is known that the
Grand Duke Constantine, on his arrival in Poland,
positively forbad it, and it is to be hoped that the
veto will be maintained by General Berg, hitherto
only the Grand Duke's substitute, but who, it is
said, will soon be formally appointed his successor
in the office of Namiestnik. Nevertheless, three
young ladies were arrested here the other day (the
daughters of a rich brewer named Klave), and the
youngest of them, a girl of twelve, whipped, in
order to make her tell the names of the visitors at
her father's house, the ordinary subjects of their
conversation, and so on. Who is immediately re-
sponsible for this barbarous act I cannot say ; but
the poor child was whipped.
Besides the prelate Bialobrzoski and the canons
Stecki and Wysychi, I should have mentioned in
one of my last letters that another eminent person-
age, Hiszpanski, the celebrated Siberian bootmaker,
had been arrested. The Rabbin Meisels is not, as has
been reported, in prison, but has taken a hurried de-
parture for foreign parts. The prelate Bialobrzoski,
it may be remembered, after being sentenced to
death for having closed the Warsaw churches, had
his punishment commuted to exile, whence, together
with all the persons above-named, he was recalled
by the Grand Duke. A returned political exile is
probably looked upon by the Russian Government
vary ranch as a ticket-of-leave man is regarded by
us. At all events, some dozen Siberian Poles have
been seized during the last week or two, perhaps
simply from a not unreasonable idea that having
once been in Siberia they cannot feel well disposed
towards Russia. Among those known to have been
exiled to Siberia during the past week is M. Kru-
pecki, of the Zamoyski house. Count Stanislaus
Zamoyski is still in prison, and the Russian journals
continue to attack him, though he has not yet been
tried, as if it were really known that he had com-
mitted some offence.

M. Wenglinski, formerly a member of the Coun.
cil of State, one of the most influential men among
the moderate party, and one of the greatest oppo-
nents of the insurrection, when the insurrection was
first meditated, was arrested a few nights ago—no
one can possiblyimagine why. An unintelligible
domiciliary visit has also been paid to M. Mianowski,
the rector of the University. M. Mianowski was
formerly physician to the Duke de Leuchtenberg ;
he spent a great portion of his life at St. Peters-
burg, and is thought by his own countrymen to be
a very unlikely man to be mixed up in any sort of
insurrectionary movement. _

Of Mieroslawski, " the great militarist who has
all the theory of war in the knot of his sword," we
have no news; bat we know already the best and
the worst that the Mieroslawaki men can do in
Poland. They are now, and have been for some
weeks past, on their trial, and we do not find much
change in the manner of conducting the general
affairs of the Polish insurrection, neither more
energy in the war department, nor much more un-
scrupulousness in the department of public crimes.
The attack on General Berg, and the burning of
the Town-hall, may be Mieroslavian acts, but the
entry of the well-armed, and tolerably well'•orga-
nised, detachments of Czschowski and Waligorski
from Galicia had been arranged long before Miero-
slawski had anything to do with the National
Government. I remember the recruiting for these
detachments some months since, and just outside a
certain town in Galicia saw the recruiting agents
with their portable desks and perambulating secre-
taries, first in one field and then in another, dogged
from day to day by the police, but doing their work
very regularly and constantly adding to the num-
ber inscribed on their rolls. I suppose the Russians
will at least admit that the men engaged in this
manner were not driven into the insurrection by
force. To pretend that terrorism on the part of the
National Government keeps up the insurrection in
the kingdom is absurd enough ! to maintain that
any system of terrorism can compel men to join the
insurgent bands entering in the face of all sorts of
obstacles from Galicia is worse than ridiculous.

It is also an error to assert that the bands which
recently passed from Galicia into the Kingdom
were composed, to any considerable extent, of
foreigners, or that this latest expedition was, more
than any previous one, the work of that bugbear of
bad Governments known as "the cosmopolite revo-
lution." The Russian authorities know nothing, as 1
pet, about that part of the matter. I know that
,b,
.tween the villages about Tarnow and the Carpa- '
'4lall mountains I saw upwards of 100 insurgents
destined for the expedition in question, and among
them Could ,
most
only find eight or ten foreigners, for the
Polish PtatiutatGt. ari b ald ian s , who complained that the
insurrection was not nearly so great an affair
as they had
of August)
were tired
and who already (at the end
enemy's enuntrytired of waiting to be let into the
who joined the . The half hundred Hungarians
_ polish insurrection
had, for the most
part, had enough of
it after Lelewell's last cam-
for w illin g
paign, and those
ilon
certainly not revolationgiaßtriaus who did join were
s but simply brave, en-
thusiastic men, who were
to testify by
actions that sympathy
the Poles which the sub-
jects of every constitutional Government
have manifested for them in
words. in Europe
Some few are
said to have been Hungarians of .
good position in
their own country ; others I know to have belonoed
to the best class of students at Hungarian
Colleges
and gymnasiums. I may add that all the p
French-
men I have seen in the Polish detachments
(there
were very few in these last) were ardent republi-
cans, though it is known that a few Frenchmen of
royalist and ultramontane principles have also, for
a time, been fighting on the side of the Poles. The
conduct of the Russian Government towards Poland
is detested in all civilised countries, and if this de-
testation constitutes cosmopolite revolutionism, then
the "cosmopolite revolution'' no doubt exists in
Europe, and is a strong force, before which, sooner
or later, and in some form or other, Russia will have
to bend.

It is probably now understood that the entries
from Galicia have no importance except as demon-
strating that the armed insurrection still exists,
and that it may continue to exist for some consider-
able time longer—in fact, until the Russians can
contrivet to render such entries impossible. As to
e fate of the last expedition, I believe it is true

that by far the greater part of the detachment com-
manded by NV aligorski—thongh not all, as the
Russians allege—was driven back into Galicia after
the first encounter. Out of Czachowski's band,
Czachowski himself, with some 300 cavalry, still
remains in the mountains of St. Cross—the natural
fortress where this chief maintained his position for
so many months after the defeat of Langiewicz, and
the breakup of his army, in which Czachowski
held a command. The old habitue of the St. Cross
mountains (it is fortunate for the Russians that
there are not two such strongholds in all the king-
dom) appears to have beaten the Russians in the
first of his two recent engagements. In the second,
according to the Russian official accounts, he had
as many as seventeen companies of infantry opposed
to him, besides cavalry of the line and Cossacks ;
and the Russians admit having lost eighty men,
which is about forty times the loss usually ac-
knowledged by them.
It is a remarkable sign that the insurrection has
broken oat again in several places in the kingdom,
where it was believed to have been put an end to
altogether. A band of insurgents, composed in a
great measure of workmen from Warsaw, made its
appearance two days ago at Piaseczno, some twelve
or fifteen miles from the capital, and had a skirmish
with the Russians. It may be remembered that it
was near Piaseczno that Baron Dangiel was killed
about a month ago, as he was engaged in the appa-
rently harmless occupation of planting potatoes.
The Journal de St. Petersbourg has since explained
that though Baron Dangiel was really planting
potatoes when the Russians entered his garden,
and though he was really killed, yet he was not, as
I stated, " cat to pieces" with sabres, but pierced by
some sort of gun shot. The alleged error on my
part in narrating the incident—which I pointed
to simply in illustration of the remarkable uncer-
tainly of human existence in and near Warsaw—
is made the pretext for some grave reflections on
the inaccuracy of correspondents writing from
Poland, and on the shameful charge of " cold
cruelty " brought by them against the Russians;
though in this instance there was no question of
" cold cruelty" at all, but of sudden and shameful
attack upon an unarmed man who was unfortunate
enough to find himself in the vicinity of armed
combatants. Anxious to imitate, and if possible
surpass, the exactitude of the Journal de St. Peters-
bourg, I have once more obtained full and authentic
particulars respecting this first affair at or near
Piaseczno, and I find not only that the Baron was
" cut to pieces" (which does not, as the Journal de
St. Petersbourg chooses to imagine, mean that he
was severed into
-little bits), but also that on the same
evening, on the high road to Radam and near
Piasecnzo, a Crown :lawyer named Klosowski was
killed by Cossacks as he was travelling towards his
estate, unarmed, in ordinary dress, and in a hired
drosclska. The Journal de St. Petersbourg may try
to show that M, Klosowski was killed not by Cos-
sacks, but by infantry. In any case his friends know
that he is dead,and that he was murdered by Russian
soldiers under the circumstances above-mentioned.

As to charges of cruelty, what have the Russians
to say to the following evidence on the subject,
which I find, not in any Polish organ, not in any
private letter from a Pole, but in an advertisement
published in a recent number of the Warsaw Of
Journal? By this advertisement, numbered 4,721,
dated September 23, 1863, Spniec, near Kalisz, the
Court of Correctional Police of the Kalisz depart-
ment requires information as to three men killed by
the troops on the 12th of July, near the village of
Led, in the district of Pyzery. Here follows a de-
scription of the three bodies, which were found
stripped
One had received three cuts in the head and a
fourth in the neck, 11 wounds on the chest, at the
back, and under both arms, and bore several blue
marks resulting from blows.
Another had had the left side of his face cut by
eight wounds in different directions, and had nine
other wounds on his back, his right side, and on
both shoulders ; total, 17 wounds, of which he died
the next day.
The third had received three wounds in the head,
and 14 bayonet wounds in the chest and arms !