The Sun.
London, England, 1839-08-02 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR.

----..,.---..-
er Majesty rode out on horseback yesterday afternoon, at-
tended by the Hon. Miss Murray, Baroness Lehzen, Miss
Quentin, Viscount Torrington, Colonel Buckley, Lord Gardner,
Mr. Rich, and Sir Frederick Stovin.
Viscount Melbourne had an audience yesterday of the
Queen.
Her Majesty, accompanied by her Royal Highness the
Duchess of Kent, honoured the Italian Opera House with her
presence last evening. The Royal suite included the Marchioness
of Normanby, Lady Charlotte Dundas, Hon. Miss Murray,
Hon. Miss Paget, Viscount Torrington, Mr. Rich, and Colonel
Buckley.
Colonel Buckley has relieved the Hon.. Colonel Cavendish in
the duty of Equerry-in-Waiting on her Majesty.
Princess
Majesty the Queen Dowager, accompanied by the
fu.ncess of Hohenlohe, paid a visit yesterday morning to the
" elle.. of Bragiaz4. at Alivart's liotel and took leave of her
Imperial AThresty, previous to- her departure from town. Her
Majesty, the Queen Dowager, also visited the Duchess of Glou-
cester, at Gloucester House, yesterday morning.
The Queen Dowager, aceompanied by the Princess Hohen-
lobe, drove yesterday afternoon to Sior. House.
The Duchess of Gloucester left town yesterday for her resi-
dence at Bagshot Park.
The Duke of Sussex honoured Lord Holland with his com-
pany at dinner on Wednesday, at Holland House, Kensington.
The company to meet his Royal Highness were Viscount Dun-
cannon, Lord Dinorben, Lord Saye and Sete, Lord Mostyn,
Lord and Lady Marcus Hill, Mr. Daniel Webster, of the Senate
of the United States, Lady Cecilia Underwood, Lady Charlotte
Guest, Sir Charles Metcalf, Colonel and Lady Mary Fox.
M. Dedel, Netherlands Minister, arrived yesterday morning
at Mina's Hotel from the Hague, after an absence of three
months.

1 A Cabinet Council was held yesterday afternoon at the
°facial residence of Viscount Melbourne, in Downing-street,
Mlt was attended by Viscount Melbourne, the Lord Chancellor.
arquis of Lansdowne, Viscount Duncannon, Lord John Rus.
I , Marquis of Normanby, the Chancellor of the Exchequer;
f tali of MiNto, Sir John Hobhouse, Lord Holland, Mr. Ponleti
1 Ji!lorttson, Viscount Howick, and Lord Morpeth. The Coun-
en sat two hours.
" i 3

-ANK OF IRELAND CHARTER.—On Monday
a meeting was held at Radley's Hotel for the purpose of
°posing the renewal of the Bank Charter, Martin Burke,
fig, was called to the chair. Mr. Mooney proposed the
-odowi
hng resolution .—" That it appears to this meeting
that te assertions of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, on
the late debate on the Bank of Ireland Charter, are unsup-
Ported by facts; and that we consider his opposition to a
free trade in banking, such hS has made Scotland so
:inourishing a nation, is inconsistent with the general proles-
" of Liberal principles professed by the present Adminis-
tration, and that an Address, founded on this resolution he
Presented immediatly to our gracious Queen." Mr. Patrick
Connor seconded the resolution, which was carried unani-
11"1144'..—Dubtin Evening Post.
I'IEETING OF THE CHARTISTS AT NEWCAS-
Yrd'' 4ND THE MILITARY CALLED OUT.—We have just been
inee.rmuesdleay anipgehrts,on who left Newcastle about nine o'clock
en
that about eight the Chartistshad held
4 te.7 numerous meeting in that town, and several inflam-
matory speeches having been addressed to the multitude,
the mayor deemed it his duty to ride amongst them, ac-
ticompanied by some other of the Newcastle Magistrates.
e strongly urged the folly and danger of their pro-
eedings, ordered them to disperse, and waited a little to
Witness the result. The Chartists, however, treated his
atuity lightly, and would not obey his order. This
being., the ease, the Mayor and Magistrates consulted toge-
ler, and oedered out the police, and also the military ; and
Itsour informant left the town, he met the soldiers entering
with all possible dis
not Yet heard.-- Yor pk atch. What was the result we have
Courant.
THE WESLEYAN CONFERENCE.—FOr more
Lathan a week the Committees have been meeting, for the
auction of the business previous to the assembling of
he Wesleyan Conference. Yesterday morning a number
(w gentlemen belonging to the Wesleyan Society, and con-
beeted with nautical affairs, met to arrange the business
e;!!'neCted with the departure of the Polynesian Wesleyan
missionary ship, which is intended to proceed to the
South Seas in the course of a few weeks, by which oppor-
tunity a considerable addition is to be made to the number
'sf missionaries now employed in those regions which the
vessel will visit on her voyage out. The most ardent ex-
pressions of attachment to the cause of missions, and the
pgreont . of augmented liberality, were given by some of the
preseiat, and it is hoped that the feelings thus
expressed will becomtebrneral throughout the country, to
the advancement of
tieleause of humanity and religion in
the distant regions of
earth. It will encourage the
friends of the missions, to thatea thef members of
society, or connunicants underrthen
tre.o three hundred
and forty-one missionaries in foreiLesntations, are
two thousand seven hundred and
ya-seven, being an
seventy-
increase of five thousand nine hundred nineteen.
proportionate increase has taken place in the schools of the
Society. It is proposed, we Understund, that thirty-s:x
kissionaries, or more, are to be sent out to strengthen the
missions already formed, or to commence new stations, as
scion as they can be prepared for their respective.eppoint-
rnen. •
.3. It is supposed that about twenty-two of these will
Ilea in the missionary ship. Yesterday morning the an_
Meeting of the Wesleyan Conference took place.
l'he Rev. Theophilue Lessey was chosen the President,
5" the Rev. Robert Newton the Secretary. Nearly 500
ministers were present.
Gib were
the Animal's' Friend Society's officer
ivv"t, Week charged Charles Ray, Benjamin Bannister.
Ch;,lli am Simmons, and William Evans, before Mr.
thai'L'ain, with cruelty to asses at Southend. It was shown
be-nn.t7 Poor animals were in a dreadful state, their bodies
cation of of holes, and bleeding, from the constant apple
rid on of the spurs and pointed goads of the drivers, who
the rist sand continually work their heels and sacks into
Bradley,
edes the overworked little animals. The Rev. Mr.
adleY. however, came forward in defence of the delin-
quents, and
eruelty was produced a lady of his family who said no
used when she was in the chaise stopped by
Qibbit's ; but Mr. Chisharn prevented her being cross-
quest' A
woreasprutors,,,,boaird.din Rgudp" there was no law to prevent the use
,s,Purs
and dismissed his own heel, and saying, " See, I
dents
r myself ! 1 .
will be stopping
me
._uppose you .
Rent the cases ; upon which the defen-
,i
t.,_ out of rt, exultingly exclaiming, "We
le, ee ever spurs I', Simmons was, however, brought up a
ee.w Bever
after,..a.nd fined ss. and costs by the same Magis-
--a
fidet these similar offence, since which the drivers have set
4,Ri. purs. At Bristol, also, the Society brought
I 1 several cum

!HOW HOLLAND WAS FORMED.

The manner in which the country has been rendered
habitable to human beings, is one of the most surprising
facts in physical geography. The whole of the terri-
tory, from the Texel to the north, to pretty nearly Ca-
lais on the south, comprehending a large part of Holland
and Belgium, and part of France, is in almost all parts
perfectly level, and if it had not been indebted to art,
would have been a general marsh, or included within the
influence of the sea. On looking at this extensive terri-
tory, and then proceeding inland to the higher regions of
Germany, the conclusion naturally arises, that the whole
of the low countries are simply an alluvial deposit, washed
from the alpine regions of the interior. The land every-
where, on being dug is sand or clay. You may travel hun-
dreds of miles and never see a stone. At this hour land is
forming on the coast of Holland, and by a very obvious
process. The waters of the Rhine, in all its branches,
are very muddy, or loaded with particles of clay and
sand, washed from the upper country, and these arc
carried out to sea, where they are sinking to the bot-
tom, and forming sand banks. At the mouth of the
Maese, long sandy beaches, produced in this manner,
are seen at certain states of the tide. Already they
exhibit tufts of herbage, and are resorted to by flocks of
sea birds ; and there can be no doubt, that, by a sery
little trouble, many square miles of new land might
at present be added to the coast of Holland. The
exact process by which the low countries have been saved
from the sea, has never yet beon fully detailed. Nature
having in the first instance produced an alluvial marsh, a
certain degree of art has been employed to raise barriers to
prevent the influx of the sea ; and this point being se-
cured ; the next step has been to drain the land, piece
meal, by pumping, the water being raised so as to flow
off by channels into the sea at low tide. Much stress
is usually laid by writers on the prodigious trouble
taken by the Netherlands to keep out the sea, by meant
of artificial bulwarks along the coast. But on this
point there is some exaggeration, and one very material
circumstance is entirely omitted to be noticed. It
is only at certain places that great exertions are
made, by means of artificial dykes, to keep out
the sea. Nature, as if anxious to save the counts)
from tidal iaundation, has for centuries been energeti-
cally working to increase the magnitude of the mounds
on the coast. At low water, when the bare beach is ex-
posed to the action of the winds from the German
Ocean, clouds of sand are raised into the air, and
showered down upon the country for at least a mile
inland ; this is constantly going on, and the result is,
that along the whole line, from Haarlem to about Dun-
kirk or Calais, the coast consists of sandy mounds
or downs, of great breadth, partially covered with
grass and heath, but unfit for pasturage or any other
purpose. In some places those downs look like a
series of irregular hills, and when seen from the tops
of the steeples, they are so huge as to shut out thi
view of the sea. The traveller, in visiting them from
the plains, all at once ascends into a region of deser
barrenness. He walks on and on for miles in a wilder
ness such as might be expected to be seen in Africa.
and at last emerges on the sea shore, where the mode o
creation of this singular kind of territory is at once con-
spicuous. Loose particles of sand are blown in his
face ; and as he descends to the shore, he sinks to th,
ancle in the drifted heaps. In some parts of these
dreary solitudes, the sandy soil has peen prevented from
rising with the wind and injuring the fertile country, 13.3
being sown with the seeds of a particular kind of bent 3
grass, and in a few spots fir-trees have been success•
fully planted.—Chambers' Continental Tour.

iss Bruce, Miss Dolby, and Mr. Parry, jun.,
are engaged by Mr. Corrie to sing at the Concerts to ta
given next week at Reading, Southampton, Winchester,
Portsmouth, Salisbury, Bath, &c.
THE CAT NO MATCH FOR THE SWALLOWS.
—One evening, during last week, while the wind war
from the south, and blowing with sudden gusts, a swal.
low's nest in the corner of a window in Maybole,
was
Mown down, and the scarcely fledged young, six in num
her, were thrown to the ground. Two of them wen
secured by the humane gentleman, the corner of whose
window the "old uns" had tenanted for many a year;
three others were afterwards found on the street, and the
five were lodged in a woden cup or dish, in a garret room,
where, the window being left open, the old birds entered.
and converted the dish into a nest, The sixth, however,
was still missing, nor was it discovered for an hour after.
words, when it was seen on the green sward, behind the
house, in a dangerous predicament. A cat had marked it
for her prey, and would have devoured it instanter,
but that almost all the swallows about Maybolc had come
to its rescue, and screeching their bitter war-cry, were
swooping at her in dozens, and whisking the hair out of
her head at such a rate, that poor Grimalkin ran a great
chance of being pecked to death I Fairly routed, Puss
beat a speedy retreat, when, unprecedented though the
incident may appear, the young swallow was raised by
about halt' a dozen of its brave defenders, carried up not
without difficulty, to the garret window, and restored to it,
place amongst the rest of the brood, all of which are now
fully feathered, and will be soon on the wing.—Edinburgh
Paper.

The Monument to the memory of Guthenberg,
to be erected at Strasbourg, in 1840, consists of a bronz,
statue of Guthenberg, with a printing press before him.
from which he is about to draw a proof, and of four bas •
reliefs, representing the benefits of printing in the foul
quarters of the world. It is designed and modelled b)
M. David, and is now being cast by Messrs. Sayer and
Inge at Paris. To carry the object into effect, an auxili.
ary Committee has just been formed in Paris, composed
of some of the leading savans of that capital. An auxiliary
Committee is also forming in England, which already
boasts some of the highest names in our literature, science,
and the fine arts. The union of enlightened men in both
countries, to do honour to the illustrious dead, will serve to
cement the friendly union between the people, and will,
no doubt, find ample support from reflecting and intelligent
men of all political parties.
THE CHARTISTS.—We are informed that the
Llandiloes Chartists, who were sentenced to transportation
at the late assizes, have been removed to the hulks, in order
to be embarked for the place of tbeir destination.
BRITISH INDIA.—A strange rumour of a very
general conspiracy against our Government is stated tt,
hare obtained much credit in the Upper Provinces : it i,
of the following tenor, as given in the Calcutta Courier :
—"A conspiracy has been announced by the Government
in the secret department to the head of every political
office in India ; Dost Mahomed Khan, the King of Persia,
and Maun Sing, of Jodpoor, are at the head of it, but its
ramifications include almost every chief of note. The
Nawab of Bhopal was the last to join it. His agreement
was to murder Mr. Wilkinson, the political agent in Bho-
pal, and to march instantly to join Holkar in an attack en
the cantonment at Mhow. His share of the spoils was to be
the country from Raeseen to Ratghur. The Bundelkund
chiefs were to make a simultaneous attack on Saugor—the
signal for the insurrection was to be the approach of the
Persian and Affghan armies, who, it was presumed, would
advance unchecked, as our troops would have had enough
to do to meet the outbreaks on all sides of India. This
conspiracy was discovered by an active Magistrate in the
Madras Presidency, who apprehended two men calling
themselves pilgrims to Mecca. They subjected them•
selves to suspicion on matters they seemed to have no
business with. This led to their apprehension—at the first
examination nothing was proved against them, but they
were put into confinement, and the matter reported to
Government. Before any reply was received, the whole
of their most extensive and minute instructions were found
sewed up in their clothes, much of which instructions was
in cypher. The report is, that the number of emissaries
thus employed amounts to 200."

EAST INDIES.--Some three years have elapsed
since the East India Government, suspecting that the
Rajal of Satarra, whose territory is situated about eighty
miles from Bombay, was truckling and communing with
the English troops appointed to the district, condemning
his Ministers to imprisonment, and his Highness himself
to the insult and arrogance of the constant " surveillance"
of a body guard. Of this act of interference the Rajah
has repeatedly complained, denying all participation
in the crime of which his captors accuse him, and
alleging, that as the troops whom it is pretended he
has attempted to suborn, muster a paltry force of eight
hundred men, it is absurd to conceive he should have
risked the chance of embroiling himself in a quarrel
with a nation whom all the Indian potentates have
been taught to dread, in order to attain so insig-
nificant an accession to his armament as the desertion of
the British, with whom it is said he has been trafficking,
could have secured. The Rajah, whose repeated remon-
strances have hitherto been either derided, or have at
least proved ineffectual, resolved to dispatch en embassy
to this country to enforce the claims, the representa-
tion of which by written communications he had found
to be in vain. The Reliance, Captain Robertson;
has brought to our shores the personages to the per-
formance of whom this duty has been intrusted. Inclu-
sive of an interpreter and attendants, they are 10 in num-
be. The Vachell, or Plenipotentiary, is Yescoantrow Raja
Serka. We may be excured if we omit the cognomens
of his suite. It is an easier task to construe Lycophron
than to decypher Sanscrit. _ _ _

RAILWAY GUIDES.—Mr. Wvld,y in following
out a plan which he commenced some, time ago, has just
published a guide to the Great Western Railway, con.
"lining a full description of all the towns and villages
within ten miles of the line, with some interesting and
minute details of the mode of constructing railroads in
England and the United States. It is illustrated with
numerous woodcuts and maps, and also gives some direc-
tions which must appear strange to foreigners who
have heard the liberty of a British subject so
much extolled. The following would suit the
meridian of any despotic country in Europe. " Take
Fare, now you go to meet your sick wife returning
borne late at night from the country, where she has been
to
11, recover her health. You must wait patiently till she
T
.sb been hustled by the swell mob and had her pocket
picked in the confusion of arrival, and if you behave quietly.
anything, be
one carrying off
wife sinkin your own baggage, or at least meet you
individuals, you may se.
has lost g under the insults she has met with. If she
careful_ how you
to seek for it, because
off to the police for that act you may also be dragged
go into the station
till and.• •
their fatigues, still
certainly strange thar }our wife and children, after all
be tolerated—nay sanctiononnedthbeyirPwaral
ACCIDENT ON THE 131
England such a system should
way unattended." It is
erday a serious 1111IIN:II.ANI RAlL-
ciaucectileclent happened on the
ROAD.—yesterday
the carriages, with the en-
two RAlL-
linebeing
n properlynear Coventry. t
urbe d
,I nfocuornos
fe e of. the pointers not
ginc, ran off the road. The guide Was thrown
in
bet
two carriages and much bruised, and several passengers
were left behind. We have not heard, however, that any lives were lost.