The Sun.
London, England, 1837-08-11 00:00:00

STATISTICS OF PRUSSIA.

The Prussian Government has just pul)l;sh,d the annual
xtatise,ical report for the whole kingdoM, from whi:•h
we extract the following facts :
The kingdom of Pruisia is divided into 25 government
'districts or regicrtervisbezirke. In these 25 districts, dur-
ing the Course of the year 1836—
The births amounted to .
The deaths to

The excess of births was, therefore
In 1,533 this excess amounted to..
likking an increase in the population, during
those two years
The population of the kingdom, according to the
censut of 1834, wa:;..

550,622
373,588

175,034
152,272

327,30 G

I 3,509,927

The population of Prussia, therefore, exclusive
of the principllity of Neufchatel, must, at the
,nd of 1F36, have amounted to

13,537,233

It is thought, however, that the real population is Some-
what greater, as there is every reason to believe that dur-
ing these two years the immigrations have considerably ex-
ceerled the emigrations ; this point will be more postively
arzertained by the census thatwill have to be made at the
end of 1837.

Inking the whole kingdom, the deaths have been 4,076,
and births 2,780, for every 100,000 inhabitants.

The mortality among infants is strikingly great in the
di•.crict of Oppeln, nearly one-firth of the deaths being
children of less than one year old, In Kouslin the. pro-
portion is. only one-seventh. Between the ages of one and
14 the number of deaths in Oppeln is still greater, and yet
it does not appear that this tlistrizt has suffered much from
the small-pox, only 94 deaths having been occasioned by
that disease in Oppeln, and 913 in Gumbinnen. The
eanses have not yet been ascertained, though it has now
continued for many years past nearly in the same relative
proportion.

- The number of marriages concluded during 1836 in the
whole kingdom of Prussia amounted to 125,391, or 928
for every 100,000 inhabitants ; and here, again, we find
the district of Oppeln at the head of the list-8,147 wed-
dings having been celebrated there, making 1,075 for every
100,000 inhabitants.

The smallest number of marriages during the last 17
years (98,673) were concluded in the year 1831, owing pro-
bably to the panic occasioned b.y the first appearance of the
cholera, and which, no doubt, occasioned many marriages
already agreed upon to be deferred to more suspicious times.
The great subsequent increase in the number of marriages
(127,217, in 1832) is less easily accounted for ; but the
commercial liberty which has ensued from the abolition of
all the ancient guilds and corporations, is supposed by some
of the advocates of the good old times, to have contributed
greatly to the increase of inconsiderate marriages.
Of the 550,622 children born in 1836 there were in
wedlock 263,960 males, and 248,500 females—in all,
512,463 ; out of wedlock, 19,460 males, and 18,622
females—in all, 38,162. One in fourteen, therefore, of the
children born were illegitimate—a proportion which has
observed to continue nearly unaltered for many years
past. The greatest number of illegitimate births, in pro-
portion to the population, is found in the districts of
Breslau and Dantzic. Potsdam, in which Berlin is si-
tuated, is the third in amount.. The smallest -number of
illegitimate births occurs in Munster, Coblentz, and Aix-la-
Chapelle,

TURKEY.

CONsTANYiNoPLE, JULY 17.—The Minister of the
United States at Paris, General Cass, arrived here with
his family from Athens on the 15th instant. The intelli-
gence of Mehemet Ali Pasha having left Alexandria for
the Island of Candia on the 28th ult., which reached
Athens at the moment General Cass was preparing to sail
for Egypt, led him to alter his original plan of voyage, and
to avail himself of the interval between the Viceroy's de-
parture and return to pay a visit to this capital. After
spending a few weeks at Constantinople, General Cuss is to
leave for Egypt and Syria, thus, as the Americans say, to
complete his tour of inspection in the Levant. The coin-
cidence of Mehemet Ali's departure from Alexandria, and
of the Turkish Admiral's from Constantinople, is looked
upon here as a circumstance not of pure hazard, Mehemet
Ali having last year requested the Porte to send out
Ahmet Ferzee Pasha to Egypt, in order to bring to a set-
tlement the question of the succession to Egypt, Syria, and
Arabia, in the event of the Viceroy's death. The Divan,
instead of complying with his demand, entrusted Sarim
Effendi with this mission. Whether out of pique for so
marked a want of deference on the part of the Divan, or in
consequence of his demands being considered unreasonable
by the Porte, the mission of the La to no result
yusitively said, that in consequence of
lisffiat Ali having, through the intermediation of a fo-
reign Power, renewed his application to the Sultan directly.
Achmet Pasha has been authorised, without the nartoa-
tion of the Porte, to have an intervi m
ew with the Pasha of
Egypt, and that both parties have chosen Candia as the
most cons cnient place of rendezvous. The sudden depar-
ture for Candia of the Turkish frigate in station at Smyrna,
with a functionary from Constantinople, is a circumstance
which adds much to the probability of this surmise.
The firman for the free exportation of corn from the
dominions of the Sultan has been published in the Turkish
Government Gazette of last week. The provisoes, however,
which fetter the application of this measure are such as to
render it almost nugatory. As the Pashas and Governors
of the provinces and districts are invested with the faculty
of interposing their veto, whenever they shall consider the
product not adequate to the home consumption, it is natu-
ral to infer, from their characteristic rapacity and wayward-
ness, that they will know how to turn their prerogative into
good account for their private treasury. The exportation
should, in order to prove a source of advantage to the
grower, have been made to depend on the price of the
article is; the internal markets.
The most melancholy accounts of the ravages of the
plague arrive daily from the Provinces both of Asia Minor
and European Turkey. The loss of lives which this v_murge
has occasioned within the last 12 months is calculated to
exceed two millions. The impossibility which the awful de-
population of the empire has occasioned of supplying the
army and navy with the necessary number of Mussulman
recruits, has led the Government to order a conscription
among the Pstialis. Four thousand Greeks hare already
been sent en board the fleet ; and although the innovation
be much against Turkish habits, Armenians are about
being enlisted in the ranks of the army. The disastrous
consequences of this depopulation on the revenue and on
commerce, are already most painfully felt ; the enormous
fall in price which every article of Turkish product has ex-
perienced from the commercial crisis in Europe, powerfully
contributes to embitter the present deplorable condition of
affairs. At no period within the memory of man has the
prosperity of Tut key sunk so low as at the present moment.
The exchange on London was last post at 113. The petition
addressed on the Sultan's return by the body of European
merchants, requesting measures being taken by the Go-
sernuient to prevent the ruinous fluctuation in the ex-
changes, has hitherto led to no result whatever. Turkish
financiers declare their inability to comprehend the cause of
these complaints as to the exchange brought to their no-
tice by European merchants ; :not, in reply to their obser-
vations, ask them, " Is not the piaster of the Grand
Scignor worth now, as heretnr:,re, forty pants ? As long as
the administration of the Mint is confided to individuals
profes•ing principles of this description, it is idle to look
up fur any amelinration in the :fate of the currency. The
financial embarrassment in which, in spite of these and
equally wise old saws of Turkish -statesmen, Government is
at present situated is such that the division of the fleet
which was to sail last week is yet in port, the Capitan
Pasha not having been able to " raise the wind." Six
months' arrears are due to the fleet.
Letters received this day state that the Russians were
at the abovementioned date attempting to force their way
to Pchiat. The Circassians had mustered about 2,000
men in tits, defiles to oppose them. Large reinforcements
were hourly expected from Ahasia. Intelligence of the
defeat of the columns ecmmandcd by General Williamineff
has been subsequently received.
The numerous amorous adventures of the Turkish ladies
with the Greek Ras ahs and the handsome Frank shop-
keepers of Pera, some of which I related in my last ;otter,
have lately become so notorious and creat•;,i so much
scandal among the steady, sober Ottonr.:;is, that his High.
ness the Sultan, with the advice and assistance of the col-
lected wisdom of the body of iilemas, has deemed it neces-
hary to legislate on this subject. A grand council was,
therefore, assemblea last week, for the purpose of taking
into considerati
un the great lnxity of morals existing among
the Turkish, *omen, and deliberating upon what measures
should be, adopted to prevent the spreading of the evil, and
to reserve the sanctity of the harem inviolate and unpol-
luted. The result of these deliberations has been the is.
suing a firman, ordering. t} sl, henceforward no shopkeeper,
either Turk or 11,4,1 b, in Constantinople, shall
emPloy
young men in *sett shops or magazines under the age of 30
rears; an,..1 to the Frank shopkeepers a Karoush Bashi had
been. sent round, warning them not to admit Turkish women
Within their doors, under the penalty of being nailed by the
Car to the door-post. An order has likewise, it is said,
been issued by his Highness, that as the Hakim Bashi has
given it as his opinion that it is the luxurious habit of sit-
ting all day long on ottomans, instead of habituating the
body to healthful exercise, which renders the Turks phy-
iiesthy so much weaker than the Franks, henceforward
Turkish rooms arc to be furnished with chairs as well as
sofas, and the latter are only to be used to repose on at
night. These are the ridiculous frivolities with which the
Sultan is now employing the attention of himself and his
ministers.

A mad dog vvas shot in Hyde Park yesterday Rim-
ing by the soldiers at the Maiazine barracks.

BRUSSELS AND GER31.4.11.-SPERS'

BRUSSELS-, AT-74. 9,-110 aVel-fte prices of IT 'bent atl!ti
Rye in the weelec,,tiiitg- August 51. ilVeVeattfol!ow Wheat
17f. 7e., the .11 f. tile. per:hectolitre. Import, btlcs
Dui 21f..,.L00, respectively% Pei' 1,0 i)
kilogranxines. -The . Government li=i l-tteit .iniumed that
estretnek rigorous meatt_trt74, ektendiug even to the confis-
cation oe the ship and the infliction of corporal e,,,,i,htlitht
on the_captain,Wiciatcly..been.aflorted-in Pottttai titaitigt
the introduction (without th+datttian) 'of coital►! Attic s,
partictilarl;' of telneco and soap. t'atlt:tin of vessels have
been condemned to .largt - dots -foe having on-board very
trifling quantities br tobacco. The produce of the dtities
on tobacco aryl soap is farmed to a vontpinty; is au-
thorized to employ the most tignrotts liit'ans 14 protect its
monopoly. The sum rld by. it having lately been raised
very much, the agents or the company are extrcirdr tfliet
to prevent the clandestine importation of Mace° and soap.
When ships arrive, the capteitia are desired to declare and
produce all the tobacco and soap they have on hoard, whether
it is part of tilt Cargo, or belongs to tht captain, the crew or
the passengers, for their own use. The strictest search is
made by the agents of the company, and if they find the
smallest quantity of tobacco or soap tint declared, tlfey have
a right to execute the lnws with the utmost rigour.
HANOVER, Jut.? 31.—1 believe I have alteatly written
to you that people here seem to he by nt.means agreed in
how extcnive or confined a Iltittt the letters patent of the
sth arc to be understood. The following circumstances
may serve to prove this uncertainty. The new Minister
Schele, in a late full meeting of the Ministers, Voduced
new letters patent, nearly of the following terms :--.‘ His
Majesty has observed with high displeasure, in what an
unworthy manner, unsuited to his paternal intentions,
Journalists and other incompetent persons endeavour •to
make use of the letters patent of the .sth, and to alarm
people's minds, As' if the overturning of the Constitu-
tion of the country was intended by them, whereas
his Majesty meant only to express his doubt re-
specting the Constitution, and to reserve to him-
self the right of further resolutions, &c. &c.," In a
word, a sort of manifesto against the liberalists, &c.
But, as all the other Ministers (Schulte, Wisch,Aller, and
Stralenheim) unanimously declared against such a manifesto
as unworthy of his Majesty, and of the country, and as they-
considered such a step, designed to enlighten and tranquil-
lise public opinion, as likely to mislead, nothing more was
said of these new letters patent, M. Lust, Director of
the Chamber of Justice at t.'itade, has been here for some
days, having been sent for to make use of his eminent ta-
lents and knowledge of jurisprudence, which he has
shown as Counsellor of State to King Jerome, and by
his writings on such subjects,- to investigate the ques-
tion relative to the Constitution and the letters patent.
It is said, indeed, that M. Von Schele, who was also
Councillor of State to King Jerome, has ever since that
time retained a grudge against his former colleague ; the
necessity of the case must overcome these scruples, so that
the :authority of M. Lust, as a lawyer, is to be used to
maintain the letters without being obliged directly to revoke
them.

A third circumstance which shows that the constitu-
tional question is not looked upon as solved is, that the
Ministry enquired what should be done upon new appoint-
ments with respect to the official oath ; whether it should
be taken according to the Constitution, since the letters
patent declared that everything should go on in its old
course, or whether on requiring the oath, the Constitution
should not be mentioned, seeing that it is at least suspended
by the letters patent of the sth. This uncertainty is ac-
knowledged in a letter from M. V. Schele to the other
Ministers, but not removed ; only it is decided, that till
the question respecting the Constitution shall be solved,
there shall be no new appointments. The solution will,
doubtless, be made by the convocation of the Estates, that
is, the Estates according to the Constitution, to which the
King will submit the modifications of the Constitution
which he wishes and thinks necessary, and not, as the letters
patent say, to announce them as Royal resolutions, but
that the Estates may deliberate on them. But if, which is
at least possible, the Estates should disapprove of the pro-
posed modifications, then it should seem that the Arbitral
Tribunal of the Confederation must be applied to. The
Constitution is now under consideration, with a view to these
modifications. I hear, however, that the most important
chapter, the 7th, on finances, is referred to the Department
of Finance, that is, to the very same department in which
it originated.

VIENNA, JULY 31.—The accounts of the health of the
Empress are very favourable.

BEI GI AN 1. UNDS—Bonsens, Ana. O.
Actual Debt, 234 per Cent.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Cent. lOl%
Loan of Thirty Millions 92,3i
Loan of City, 1832, 4 per Cent 9934
Society of Commerce, 4 kiper Cent. 1373,4
Bank of Belgium, &per Cent 134
AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—Vussrss, kro. I.
Five per Cents. Metalliqucs
Four per Cents.
Three tier Cents.
Bank Shares 13(8
—Ailgemeine Zeilung, Aug. 6
DUTCIA 1' U NDS- AMSTERDAM, Ace. 8.
Actual Debt, 214 per ''.. Money. MIN.
nt 52. 53
Ditto, ditto 5 per cent.
A mort syndic, 434 per cent ..........
Ditto, ditto, 3)4 per cent 76 76
Commercial Company, 4‘<, per cent ......
Ditto (1P32 and Its) $ per cent .....
Loan 183(, 4 per cent. .............. ....... - —
Ditto 1837, 6 per cent.
Exchange on London, One ntonth...:-
Two months .... l2 0
HAMBURG BORSEN HALLE, Ana. 5.
Bills. Money.
Austrian Metelques, 5 per cent 104% 1043
Ditto elito 4 per cent
Di.'. ditto 3 per cent.
Litto Bank Shares ........... .... ..... 1352 ISSO
A nglo.Russian Loan lo6k 106
Paper Inscription. 6 per cent —
Russian 5 per cents. Metal. ............. ..... .
R.i,siAri Inscription, Hope and Co., 3d and 4th
Series
Ditto, Certificates -. 516)4 L 64
Portuguese Regency Bends, 5 per cent 4l -.
Ditto, 3 per cent. 25% --
Dutch 2)4 per Cents... ...... ............
Ditto 5 per Cents ii; yg
Polish Bonds, 3 per cents.
New Tickets
.. 1521,4 152
Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per cents 7O 1334
Norwegian Lean of 111.34, 4 per cents
Spanish, in piastres, 3 per Cents.... ..........
Cortes Loan, 5 per Cent 2l f 1
Greek 4 percents. 14133, guaranteed by Fran,e 93 li2 %