The Sun.
London, England, 1839-03-04 00:00:00

tion, that every act of her Majesty's Government, relating
to these colonies has clearly indicated her firm resolve to
withstand all attempts to destroy or weaken her supremacy
over them.

" It affords m© gratification to state that it is contem-
plated to substitute steam-packets for the sailing vessels
now employed for the conveyance of the mails between
Great Britain and Halifax.

" To secure the attainment of all the advantages anti-
cipated from this arrangement, the co-operation of the
Legislatures of the several colonies to be benefited by it is
essential ; and I obey her Majesty's command in submit-
ting the matter to your consideration, and inviting you to
assist in improving the mail routes, and to afford such other
facilities as may depend on you, with a view to increase
expedition in the communication between this place, New
Brunswick, and Quebec.
_ _

" Her Majesty trusts 'that this measure, involving as it
does considerable additional expenditure by the Mother
Country, will prove beneficial to the public, and give satis-
faction to the Colonies.

" Mr. Speaker, and Gentlemen of the House of As-
sembly :--

I have ordered the accounts for last year, and the esti-
mates for the present year to be laid before you, and I have
the fullest reliance on your readiness to make due provision
for the several branches of the public services.
" Mr. President, and Honourable Gentlemen of the
Legislative Council ;
" Mr. Speaker, and Gentlemen of the House of As-
sembly ;

" Your address, complaining of the habitual violation by
American citizens of the treaty subsisting between Great
Britain and the United States, on the subject of the
fisheries, has engaged the serious attention of her Majesty's
Government ; and, you will be happy to learn, that it has
been determined, for the future, to station an armed force
on the coast of Nova Scotia, to enforce a more strict ob-
servance of the provisions of the treaty by the Amerieans ;
and that her Majesty's Minister at Washington has been
instructed to invite the friendly co-operation of the Govern-
ment of the United States for that purpose.
" The most attentive consideration has also been given
to your several other addresses in the last session ; and it
will be my duty to lay before you the replies which her Ma-
jesty has been graciously pleased to return to them.
" As many of the members who come from a distance
must be inconvenienced by being detained so long in
Halifax, I rely on your continued assiduity in the dis-
charge of your respective duties ; and you may be assured
of my ready concurrence in all measures which may appear
conducive to the real advantage and welfare of this happy
province."

UPPER CANADA.
His Excellency Sir George Arthur, the Lieutenant-
Governor of Upper Canada, has been making a tour of
inspection of the Western District of that province. From
the London Gazette and Toronto Patriot we learn that his
Excellency had everywhere been received with the
honours and respect due to his rank, as the representa-
tive of her Majesty in the sister province. Upon
his return to Toronto his Excellency was received
at Chatham with every demonstration of respectful joy,
and an address was presented to him from the Clergy, Ma-
gistrates, and other inhabitants of that place, and its
vicinity, congratulating his Excellency on his visit to that
distant part of the province ; viewing with great satisfac-
tion the fruits of his Excellency's foresight, prudence, and
activity, which had saved the province from devastation
and murder ; expressing a hope that the gallant militia
of the district might soon be permitted to return to
their homes; and trusting his ;Excellency might long
he spared to govern the province in more favourable
times.
At St. Thomas's another address was presented to his
Excellency, from the inhabitants of that place and its
vicinity, expressive of the pleasure which that oppor-
tunity afforded to them of addressing the representative
of their Sovereign. They said that the appearance
of his Excellency in that part of the province at that
season of the year, evinced his great regard for the
safety and security of all her Majesty's loyal subjects
therein ; that they viewed with admiration his Excel-
lency's dignified administration of the province; that they
could not forbear to express their just indignation at the
lawless proceedings of the citizens of the United States,
who, not content with harbouring murderous traitors—
enemies of God and man—had themselves come forward
to perpetrate crimes revolting to humanity; and that nothing
was more worthy of praise than the endeavours his Ex-
cellency had used to allay religious discussion in the pro-
vince, and to unite her Majesty's subjects in the bonds of
Christian charity.
PLEASANT News.--One of the most gratifying bits of
intelligence in a small way that have reached us within a
day or two is the statement of the Rochester Democrat,
that Mr. William Lyon Mackenzie, the gentleman who
commences revolutions by mail-robbery, is about to pull
up stakes from among us, and plant hi:nself and his paper
at the aforesaid city of Rochester. We care not where he
goes, but it will be something for our city to be rid of
him. —New York Commercial.
COURT-MARTIAL—The finding of the Court-martial in
the case of the Beauharnois prisoners has been confirmed
by his Excellency the Commander of the Forces, and by it
Brien, Chevrefils, Joseph Dumouchelle, Laberge, Louis
Dumouchelle, Goyette, Rochon, Prieur, Lanois, De La-
rimier, and Touchette, are all found guilty, and sentenced
to death. What number, if any, of the above will be exe-
cuted, is not known. Tho evidence for the prosecution in
the case of Nicholas and the other prisoners mentioned in
our last was closed two days ago, and they will enter on
their defence to-morrow.
SATURDAY, JAN. 76.—The evidence for the prosecution
against Pierre Rome Narbonne and others was opened and
four witnesses were examined, whose evidence was con-
clusive against all the prisoners but Antoine Dore and
Francois Camgie.
MONDAY, JAN. 28.—The evidence for the prosecution
was closed this day at two P. sr., after the examination of
six witnesses, and the prisoners were allowed until Thurs-
day next at ten a.m., to prepare their defence.
(From the correspondent of the Morning Chronicle.)
PHILADELPHIA, FEB. 7.—A very important subject, not
only to the United States, but also to every country to
which our commerce extends, gave rise to a brief debate
in the House of Representatives at Washington on Satur-
day last. I allude to the Tariff. Mr. Pickens, of South
Carolina, said that " every Tyro in politics must know
that parties were now organizing throughout the country
in reference to the great Tariff question, which was to be
decided in 1842." On this subject the difference of opinion
between the northern and southern States will be wide
the former as manufacturing communities, requiring high
duties for the protection of American industry • while the
latter, as exporting communities, will contend 'for low du-
ties, by way of facilitating and increasing their sale of cot-
ton, rice, and tobacco to foreign countries, and also to be
able to purchase manufactured goods at the lowest pos-
sible price. The interests of the north and south are,
therefore, of a conflicting character, the former being
the manufacturers of America, and the latter the agri_
culturists and producers for export, Mr. Pickens is
the leader of the Calhoun party in the House; and
similar demonstrations have been made by Messrs. Cal-
houn and Benton in the Senate. In 1842 the duties, by
the graduated scale of the existing tariff, will reach their
minimum; and as the next Congress will continue until
March, 1841, there will, doubtless, be efforts made by both
parties in that Congress to modify the law. It is, and
be, a question of momentous importance ; and tle allu-
sion to the subject by Mr. Pickens may be Considered as
the firing of the first, or original gun of the contest, which,
in all probability, will take place in the long Session of
1839-40. As one of the signs of the times, it may be re-
marked that the southern States are straining every
nerve, through the machinery of southern conventions, to
establish an additional number of packet and trading
ships to Europe from their own ports—to establish At-
lantic steam navigation—to project and construct more
railroads and canals—and above all, to promote manufac-
tures amongst themselves. The elements of conflict,
therefore, will be of an essentially different character to
those which animated the last memorable dispute upon the
same question.
On the same day the notorious Dr. Theller, who joined
in last winter's invasion of Canada, and afterwards escaped
from the citadel of Quebec, presented a petition to the Se-
nate through Mr. Clay, complaining that he had been tried
as a British subject, and not as an American citizen ; that
although he was born in the British empire, he was a natu-
ralized citizen of the United States ; and he prayed the
action of Congress in the matter. This was, of course, an
attempt to create an excitement on the much agitated ques-
tion of the last war--" once a British subject, always a
British subject." No sensation, however, was produced.
The petition was laid on the table, and Mr. Clay remarked
in presenting it, that if the Canadian Judges had tried
Theller as a British subject, it was wrong; but if they had
tried him as an American citizen, it was all right. No
other senator spoke on the petition, and thus the affair
rested.
The whole amount of Treasury notes authorised by the
Act of October 12, 1837, 10,000,000 dollars, has been
issued ; from which, after the nctes redeemed are deducted,
there remain outstanding e,,813,882 dollars.
presents those materials of pain'
anad a
„a
and fearful n o loner
ent and interest which have,
al's so
freni'ae excite
ntly formed the prominent features of tt letters for
the last four months. All is now quipt on the frontier ;
and the reports emanating from Toronto and the western
districts of another " projected invasion near Sandwich by
a body of from 900 to 1,200 men," I firmly believe to be
without the slightest foundation.
Governor Arthur has returned from the London Dis-
trict and Sandwich to Toronto. H. Sherwood, Esq., the
President of the Court-martial at London, has also re-
turned to Toronto,
Forty-five prisoners were tried there. Four or five
officers of the Sandwich invaders will, it is expected, be
hung. Bedford was hung at Sandwich on the 12th ult.,
and Clark on the 14th.

Detroit is in a sad state. That city is said by the papers
to be infested with desperadoes. A few nights ago some
of them attempted to set the Michigan Bank on fire, and
actually burnt a quantity of valuable papers in a neighbour.
ing office (Bates and Talbot's), after breaking it open.
Efforts are now being made in several States to abolish
imprisonment for debt. In Ohio the Legislature has abo-
lished it as a barbarous practice. It has been shown in
New York that an old man is now in Flower-hill gaol,
where he has been incarcerated for eight years for a small
debt.

A dreadful tragedy of love, jealousy, suicide, and at-
tempted murder, occurred in New York on Saturday. A
young Greek from Smyrna, named Paolo, became violently
enamoured of a pretty German girl, named Josephine Ger-
man. She rejected his advances in favour of another; and
he, maddened by love, jealousy, and despair, entered her
Voom with a brace of loaded pistols, one of which he fired
at Josephine, and with the other shot himself ! He expired
in a few minutes; but the unhappy girl still lingers in
dreadful and hopeless agony.
On the following day a ruffian, named Fountain, struck
a police officer with an axe, in New York, and divided
both his jaws. He iA since captured, but the poor officer
lies at the gates of death. lam sorry to add, also, that
g‘icra were six suicides in New York and its vicinity
last week. _

--Al;eaJtiful girl at a boarding-school in Albany, While
performing an affecting piece 94 the piano, expired as
she