The Sun.
London, England, 1863-07-11 00:00:00

cl iognhdtietni
oend Emperors
swho u hasi e
time effected such marvellous changes' in the legal
"Her Majesty's Governmenettr'as.lrreewedilvlinign waitshl'tohret
Emperor of Russia to seek a practical solution of a
difficult and most important problem.
"Baron Brunnow, in presenting to me Prince
Gortschakoff's despatch, said, The Imperial Cabi-
net is ready to enter upon an exchange of ideas
upon the grounds and within the limits of the
Treaties 5.
"Her Majesty's Government are thus invited by
the Government of Russia to an exchange of ideas
upon the basis of the Treaty of 1815, with a view to
the pacification and permanent tranquillity of
Poland.
"Before making any definite proposals, it is es-
sential to point out that there are two leading prin.
ciples upon which, as it appears to her Majesty',
Government, any future Government of Poland
ought to rest. The first of these is the establish..
ment of confidence in the Government on the part of
the governed.
" The original views of the Emperor Alexander I.
are stated by Lord Castlereagh, who had had heard
from the Emperor's own lips in a long conversation,
the plan he contemplated.
" The plan of the Emperor is thus described by
Lord Castlereagh To retain the whole of the
Duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of the small
portion to the westward of Kalisch, which he meant
to assign to Prussia, erecting the remainder, toge-
ther with the Polish provinces formerly dismem-
bered, into a kingdom under the dominion of Russia,
with a national Administration congenial to the
sentiments of the people.'
" The whole force of this plan consists in the
.atter words.

" Whether power is retained in the hands of one,
as in the old monarchy of France, or divided among
a select body of the aristocracy, as in the Re-
public of Venice, or distributed among a Sovereign,
a House of Peers, and a Representative Assembly,
as in England—its virtue and strength must con-
sist in its being a ' national Administration con-
genial to the sentiments of the people.'
" The Emperor Alexander 11., speaking of the
institutions he has given, says, ' As to the future, it
necessarily depends on the confidence with which
these institutions will be received on the part of the
kingdom.
" Such an Administration as Alexander I. in-
tended, such confidence, as Alexander IL looked
for, unhappily do not exist in Poland.
" The next principle of order and stability must
be found in the supremacy of law over arbitrary
will. Where such supremacy exists, the subject or
citizen may enjoy his property or exercise his in-
dustry in peace, and the security he feels as an in-
dividual will be felt in its turn by the Government
under which he lives.
"Partial tumults, secret conspiracies, and the in-
terference of cosmopolite strangers, will not shake
:he firm edifice of such a Government.
" This element of stability is likewise wanting in
_ . .

Poland. The religious liberty guaranteed by the
solemn declarations of the Empress Catherine, the
political freedom granted by the deliberate Charter
of the Emperor Alexander 1., have alike been abro-
gated-by, succeeding Goyernmentersite-,-Iskr.-iien.,
only partially revived by the present Frfr.
It is no easy task to restore the confidence which
has been lost, and to regain the peace which is now
every where broken.
Her Majesty's Government would deem them-
selves guilty of great presumption if they were to
express an assurance that vague declarations of good
intentions, or even the enactment of some wise laws,
would make such an impression on the minds of
the Polish people as to obtain peace and restore
obedience.
used as such in
4S in present circumstances it appears to her
Alajesty's Government that nothing less than the
outline of measures should be adoptreedpaseal
t, 1. Complete and general amnesty.
" 2. National representation, with powers similar
gs
of pacification :-
27th November, 1815.
manner as to form a distinct national Administra-
tft°lloleithblasignee which are fixed by the charter of the 15.
,c poles to be named
mediathot pseurbvliec offices in such a
calm and full deli.
of the restrictions imposed on Catholic Worship.
indications
" 5. The polish language recognised in
the king-
-1
the administration of the law and in education.
Administra-
tion, i 04, ,6Fh. having neagn at the
entire
establishmentfi dl ebne cr et
ofy fo
aft h
ce caos seventregular
h t
er yei
ne. ;
and legal
of measures to be adopted, after
These six
doyosmtemas
otfhere°ruciittliingla.nguage, and

sPb create
te
.p et th ere A
fanti:ttlit is difficult, na
requisitegm o more deadly,
Gazette o
f t
h e
neaegl maisidltyciammlmpoorwessheibixlleeei,ttehtdoe,
fissions of men aree°blleficoamyen'i
7th (19th) of May.
their determination to
succeed or perish more fixed and immovable.
"Your lordship
their hatredtsr
has sent me an extract from the
I could send your lordship, in return, extracts from
London news m ers p , giving accounts of atrocities,
equally horrible, committed by men acting on be-
half of Russian authority.
" It is not for her Majesty's G
Government to dis-
criminate between the real facts and the exaggera-
tions of hostile parties.
"Many of the 11 •
a egations of each are probably
unfounded, but some must in all probability be true.
Row, then, are we to hope to conduct to any good
end a negotiation •
carried on between parties thus
exasperated ?
"In an ordinary war, the successes of fleets and
armies, who fight with courage, but without hatred,
may be balanced in a negotiation carried on in the
midst of hostilities. An island more or less to be
transferred, a boundary more or less to be extended,
might express the value of the last victory or con-
quest. But where the object is to attain civil peace,
and to induce men to live under those against whom
they have fought with rancour and desperation, the
case is different. The first thing to be done, there-
fore, in the opinion of her Majesty's Government,
is to establish a suspension of hostilities. This
might be done in the name of humanity by a pro-
clamation of the Emperor of ltussia, without any
derogation of his dignity. The Poles, of course,
would not be entitled to the benefit of such an act,
unless they themselves refrained from hostilities of
every hind during the suspension.
"Tranquillity thus for the moment restored, the
next thing is to consult the Powers who signed the
Treaty of Vienna. Prussia, Spain, Sweden, and
Portugal incest be listed to give their opinion as to
tho moth; of giving efitat to a tre7ty to which
they were contlieting ptties.
ent -ropose, there.
"What her Nirjesty's GOVEInnI
dons
fore, consists in these three proposit t
enumerated
" Ist. The adoption of the six poin s
as bases of negotiation.
44 2d. A provisional suspension of arms, to be
proclaimed by the Emperor of Russia.
31 A conference of the eight Powers who
signed the Treaty of Vienna.
Your excellency will read and give a copy of
this despatch to Prince Gortsobakoff.—l am, &e.,
IlvssELL."