The Sun.
London, England, 1839-08-15 00:00:00

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LONDON :
THURSDAY, AUGUST 15, 1839.

he House of Peers did not meet yesterday.
Ti,e Commons met at 12 o'clock, and went through
a considerable quantity of routine work in a short time,
including the bringing up the Reports of the Manches-
ter and Bolton Pol.ce Bills, to both of which a Clause
was added to prevent the Bills interfering with any
Charter granted to the towns. This day those Bills
are to be read a third time.

The Church Discipline Bill was put off for three
months.

The Constabulary Bill was read a third time, but
not passed, as some Hon. Members, even after Lord
JoEiN RUSSELL had added several clauses, by way of
rider, found out that the Bill is defective. It is not,
therefore, to be finally disposed of till this day.
At five the House met again.
Mr. WAKLEY declined to present the petition with
which he is intrusted, for mercy to the men condemned
at Warwick, on account of Lord JOHN RUSSELL being
absent from the House.

The House was occupied for the greater part of the
evenirg with the Bank of Ireland. The motion was for
committing the Bill, which Mr. O'CONNELL and his
friends justly resisted by all the means in their power.
While England is suffering from a Bank monopoly
it is monstrous that Mr. RICE should renew such
a monopoly in Ireland. The CHANCELLOR of the Ex-
CHEQUER, however, was successful, and the Bill was
committed.

The other business transacted was not of importance.
The House sat till Half-past One.

We copied yesterday from a Glasgow paper a
f7tw ement that 2,500 inhabitants of that city had
been sworn in as special constables. A similar
summons of the inhabitants of Perth to a propor-
tionate extent has also taken place. Already our
Government is by far the most expensive i❑ Eu.
rope, and in spite of the untired industry of our
people, whose ingenuity and skill are equally ex-
zraordinary and fortunate, the burden it lays on
the nation is crushing the natural spring of its
prosperity. Besides this vast expense our people have
to perform a great many duties, such as to attend
on juries, such as constructing roads and canals, pro-
viding schools for children—(the Dissenters, too,
provide all the means of worship for themselves)—
which, in the other States of Europe, are performed
by the Government and by paid officers, leaving to
the protected people, in return for the less quantum
of taxes they pay, the complete mastery of their
oltn time.

In addition to this enormous load of taxation more
than is borne in other countries, and, in addition
to these demands made on our time for performing
deties which, in other countries, the Government
performs for a less sum than our Government
levies on us, there are several projects now pass-
ing through Parliament to increase cur burdens
—the Manchester, Bolton, and Birmingham Police
Bills to wit, the English Rural Constabulary Bill,
and the Scotch Rogue Money Bill ; and now there
also comes this onerous duty of turning out as
special constables to preserve the peace. But the
Prime misfortune is, that all this vast expense, and
all this vast apparatus of Government, does not
answer the desired end, and cannot ensure safety, or
Lnoltect the bulk of the middle and upper classes
very frequent if not continual alarm.
The incendiary fires of 1830,_ which blazed
throughout the south, were followed by the appre-
hensions caused by Reformagitation, and the burn-
ings of Bristol and Nottingam. For several years
past scarcely one has beeiihunattended with consider-
asle alarm, and now alarm fillsthe land and completely
upsets the reflecting powers' of
the governing
classes. The Manchester Guardian, all
which reached
us to-day, fills no less than tenlumns with an
account of the proceedings of the Chartists,who
can certainly terrify the rest of the
commUeity if
they can achieve no good for themselves.
nights ago, the Duke of WELLINGTON A few
, i h;
place in the House of Lords, insisted much and
r.peatedly on the necessity of largely increasing
tniet
r am; ; the Times reinforces his Grace
dation ; and the Ministers, who have followed it in
part, seem inclined to adopt it to its full
extent. The labouring classes, generally speaking,
can yield nothing more to the tax-gatherer ; they
are not to be trusted as special constables, conse-
quently the whole of the expense of these new and
o:d measures of coercion, and the whole of the
trouble, will fall on the middle classes, who, judg-
ing from past experience, will not be able to com-
mand safety and security by these troublesome and
expensive methods.
It is commonly said that the great beauty of
our Constitution is, that it bends to circumstances,
and so provides against every evil as it arrives.
The people,
accustomed to deliberation and to ac-
tion, are ever on the watch to remedy any mis- I

chance, and preserve our institutions while they i
shield the body politic from danger. That 1,
maxim will now be put to the test, for the crisis of
the Constitution is not far off. Under the present
peculiar circumstances of the country, however, its
truth may be doubted. The Constitution and the
vigilance of the people will undoubtedly provide
for all the evils which arise within it ; but the mis-
fortune of our present condition is that the danger
springs beyond its bounds. The Constitution is
threatened from abroad. The Chartists are beyond
its pale. The poor, let Mr. Justice PA TTISON
say what he will in charges to Grand Juries at
Chester, or elsewhe/e, about the protection given
to them, are complbte out-laws ; at least, they
know nothing of the laws but the evils they in-
flict. The law is not for them a staff of protec-
tion, as Lord BROUGHAM long ago said, but a
two-handed sword intended to smite them. From
them now comes the danger, which, being exterior
to the Constitution, for which they have no love
and respect, against it the Constitution will scarcely
be able to provide.
We address ourselves to the middle classes, be-
cause on them now depends the safety of the State.
The Government will be influenced by them, and
seems to be less coercive than they wish. Their
good sense must find a remedy for evils which ori-
ginate beyond the Constitution by extending its
basis. When we hear of them summoned to
act as special constables, of incendiarism being
dreaded, of attempts to persuade the workmen to
leare off their labour, we are forcibly reminded of an
apprehended insurrection amongst the late slaves
in Jamaica. There the negroes struck work and
left the plantations, there the white inhabitants were
called on to arm for their own safety, and there in-
cendiarism was dreaded and practised. If, then, the
middle classes wish to introduce and perpetuate a
state of society here closely resembling that of the
slave colonies, they will join with the upper classes
in continuing the coercive system on which the Go-
vernment is now carried on. The expense and
trouble they are already put to, is but a foretaste of
what they will have to bear if the population in
every one of our manufacturing towns, and in a great
many rural districts, should continue to regard
themselves as outlaws, and as excluded from all
the advantages of society, while they are obliged to
bear its heaviest burdens. That the middle classes
have good reason to be displeased and angry with
the foolish and frantic denuinstration of the Char-
tists, which has prevented them from obtaining the
repeal of the Corn-laws, and prevented other useful
reforms, we admit ; but they must not allow their
anger to hurry them into inflicting a grievous and
lasting injury on themselves. To them we appeal.
The Ministers will do their bidding. If they in-
sist on measures of relief—on measures to encou-
rage hope in the people—the country may yet
prosper ; if they demand measures of coercion, they
will succeed, we believe, in putting down the Char-
tists ; but assuredly, they will make England worse
by its climate to live in than ever was the island of
Jamaica.

If we had many accounts of such feasts to
publish as that given to Lord CAREW and his
eldest son by hs tenantry, which we borrow from
the Wexford lndependent, our daily task would be
much much more pleasant than it is. Wherever
the landlord lives on kindly and friendly terms with
his tenantry, and acts in unison with the Clergy
whom they respect, there, we should apprehend,
ribbonism and agrarian outrage will be unheard of
and unknown. Why are not the majority of
landlords like Lord CA REV ? And why
should society be disorganized and filled full
of outrages, because they choose to be extravagant,
illiberal, tyrannical, and extirpating ? It is for us
a novelty to find a Catholic Priest presiding at
such a ceremony, and the whole of the festivity,
particularly the toast, " The Clergy of the District
of all persuasions" is worthy of approbation. We
earnestly recommend other landlords to merit similar
testimonies from those who live on their land.

Letters from Constantinople, of the 24th ult. have
been received, Those from English correspondents at
the Porte bring no news of interest ; and, after the
events which have recently taken place, so contrary to
their repeated predictions and assertions, we are not dis-
posed to pay much regard to their opinions. For the
last few years they breathed nothing but " threatenings
and slaughter" against MEHEMET ALI ; talked big
about the vast military and naval strength of Turkey ;
and asserted that all that was required to reduce the
VICEROY to the condition of an humble Pacha was for
England and France to permit the SULTAN to make
war upon his rebellious vassal. Our readers per-
haps may remember that we treated these opi-
nions with very little respect. We were well aware
that MEHEMET ALI had laid the foundation of his
power in Egypt on too solid a foundation to dread a
single-handed contest with the Porte, and therefore it
was with real concern that we saw the late SULTAN
bent upon pursuiug a line of policy which, unless Eng-
land and France were to come to his assistance, would
terminate i❑ the downfal of the Ottoman dynasty and
and the dismemberment of the empire.
But, though the intelligence direct from Constanti-
nople is of no political importance, the Augsburg Gazelle
has letters from the Turkish capital of the same date,
containing several interesting statements. The follow-
ing is a summary of them :
"Bad news has just been received from head-quarters
at Malatia, Ibrahim Pacha, notwithstanding the orders of
his father to the contrary, has taken possession of the Pa-
chalic of Marasch, assigning as a motive, that that the oc-
cupation of it is necessary for the support of his troops.
Immediately after the news of the defeat of the first corps
of the army commanded by Hafiz Pacha, the third corps,
commanded by lzrel Mehemet Pacha revolted, and is in
a great measure dispersed. Mehemet has only succeeded,
by holding out promises, to rally a small portion at Mala-
tia. The Porte has sent Osman Bey to Malatia, with a
large sum of money, to pay the arrears due to the troops,
as the revolt was attributed to discontent at not receiving
their pay regularly. Yesterday a Grand Divan was held
to discuss the question of the course to be adopted in the
event of the European squadrons demanding au entrance
into the Dardanelles. Opinion was much divided. It
was said that this could not be permuted without
a violation of the Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi. Upon
the proposition of Khosrew, it was agreed that no mention
should be made of this treaty, in order to prevent any dif-
ficulty with the maritime powers as to the validity or non-
validity of the treaty. It was resolved that it should be
simply observed that the Porte was not disposed to grant
a firman authorizing the entrance into the Dardanelles.
It is said that the Austrian Internuncio approves of this
decision, as a means of avoiding great difficulties. The
Governor of the Dardanelles has been dismissed for his
equivocal conduct at the departure of the Turkish fleet,
and replaced by Esaad Pacha. Akiff Effendi, who was
sent to Mehemet Ali, to announce the accession of the
Sultan, is returned ; he announces that the Viceroy has
rejected the homage of the Capitan Pacha, and even re-
proached him for wishing to recognise him as Sovereign.
He still required the dismissal of Khosrew Pacha, but
otherwise professes a strong desire to arrange the dispute
with the Porte amicably."
In the same journal we find a copy of the letter ad-
dressed to MEHEMET Au, offering to deliver up to him
the Turkish fleet. It is dated the 9th of July, off
Stanchio, and runs as follows :

- -
•‘ Khosrew is the enemy of all the nobles of the empire;
fir several years he has been attempting to get rid of you.
He is now endeavouring to get rid of me, of Reschid
Hafiz Pacha, and many others ; he is the sworn
friend of Russia, to which he has long since sold himself,
and whose protection alone maintains him at his post ; we
know that he has betrayed the empire in favour of Russia,
and that he is desirous at this moment of giving up to our
hereditary enemy the army, the fleet, in a word all the forces
of the empire, end the Sultan himself. In order to save
something, I have, with the adhesion of all my officers,
come to the resolution to surrender the Ottoman fleet to
the only man who is able now to protect the empire from
the storms which menace it—who is this man if it be not
Mehemet Ali ? I effer you, then, the fleet, and I and my
officers wait for your orders as to the place to which I am
to take it."

The Constitutionnel publishes a letter from a corre-
spondent, who resided many years in Turkey, which
flatly contradicts the charge made by the CAPSTAN-
PACHA of KHOSREW being the friend of Russia. On
the contrary, KHOSREW is represented as the avowed
enemy of Russia, whereas the CAPSTAN PACIIA has
sold himself to that Power, and actually received 20,000
francs a month for betraying the Councils of the Divan
to the Russian Ambassador. He wils the principal
negotiator of the Treaty of Unkiar Skelessi ; kept Mr.
CHURCHILL seven days in prison to please Russia and
humble England ; received for his subserviency, betides
his monthly pension, a snuff-box, valued at 50,000 fr. ;
and, finally, betrayed the fleet to MEHEMET ALI, at the
instigation of Russia, that the Cabinet of St. Petersburg,
under pretence of saving the empire, might march an
army to Constantinople, Such is the statement of this
Irgise. and observation.
knowledge
who appears to speak from his own personal
the 9sLCvelt.ket :le
rai
ict.i.
nirgt
NI EFlENlETAirNAotoPmuA:c:oHaniitt of the ...,
this affair prisonerpreatteAxtleoxfanddoirniag
him honour,
Othwrnougghuoaur(tist ,uaullnyd-jae6rt h
t hoef July,
have him constantly surrounded with his
nibfedEansgilnaenxdplaicnadbleF;raanncde
truly it may well appear
so to such. as are strangers to
the contracted basis
t the foreign policy of the French

There is no domestic news of any moment in the
Pat's Journals of Tuesday, the whole of which we have
received. They, however, publish the int-lligence from
the East extracted from the Augsburg Gazette, which we have made the subject of a separate article, and

which is accompanied by the following curious para-
graph, derived from an official source in the Journal
des Debals :

,‘ We have reason to believe that the Britith Govern-
ment recently made a proposal to our Cabinet that the
united squadrons of France and England should pro-
ceed together and request, or enforce, the restora-
tion of the Turkish fleet. As this fleet would,
undoubtedly, refuse to obey this demand, and,
m oreover, would be supported in its refusal by
the Egyptian fleet, the proposition above referred to
would bring about a second affair of Navarino, and Eng-
land would thus have the gratification of destroying both
the Oriental fleets at one blow. The proposal was, more-
over, generously qualified by an offer on the part of Great
Britain to defend the entrance of the Bosphorus against
Russia. The French Government, we understand, has
rejected the above-mentioned proposition, by which means
a great catastrophe has been avoided."
What may be the effect of such premature disclosures
of the abortive proposals of our Government upon
the Councils of Russia, the PORTE or the VICEROY,
we pretend not to foresee ; but it is plain that one
consequence will bs the utter destruction of a belief
of a unity of purpose between the Governments of
London and Paris. Now, nothing can be worse than
this, especially at a time when it is of the utmost
moment that they should have but one mind to resolve
and to execute. France glories in acting, and resolv-
ing to act, as a drag upon England. This is uncon-
sciously playing the darling game of Russia.
M. 'NIERS left Paris for Lille on Monday. This
has abated somewhat of the uneasiness of the Cabinet.
Ahmed Fethy Pacha, the Turkish Ambassador, has had
a private audience of the King, at which he delivered
letters from the Sultan Abdul Nledjid, announcing the
death of the late Sultan Mahnsoud, and his own accession
to the Ottoman Crown.

Baron Alley de Cyprey is appointed Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Mexican Re-
public, in the room of Baron Deffaudis, who replaces him
in the same capacity at Frankfort to the Germanic
Confederation.

The Constitutionnel publishes the following from Tiflis
of the 2d July : _ _

" Tcheltelaentzes have lately committed an atrocious act
of vengeance against of the Chiefs of the Avarians. lii
June the Bey Oeli Kizeljar made his submission to Russia,
and, to escape from the resentment of his countrymen, re-
tired into one of her fortified posts on the Terek. The
Tcheltehentzes suddenly surprised the post, and• decapitated
the Bey with 30 of his family. Their heads were then
sent to the other Chiefs of the Avarians, with threats that
they should be served in like manner if they entered into
any treaty with the Russians."

A Deputy, whose political and family connections give
him opportunities of being well informed, assures us that
the Ministry has at length succeeded in coming to a deci-
sion on the conduct to b_ adopted in the affairs of the
East. The opinion of the majority of the Council has
prevailed, and instructions tending to a prompt and ener-
getic intervention have been drawn up and dispatched.
The greatest secresy is observed, and the motives are
easily understood respecting the nature of these instruc-
tions. the thing only gives us uneasiness, and that ,is
that the execution of them is confided to the very Minister
who has opposed them, and who is at-the same time Pre-
sident of the Council, and Minister for Foreign Affairs.--
L' Univers.

The process by means of which M. Daguerre has suc-
ceeded in fixing the images in the camera obscura will be
made public at the next meeting of the Academy of Sci-
ences, which will be held on Monday the 19th of this
month.

Lord Granville, who had not been to the Hotel of
Foreign Affairs for a month, has had to-day (the 12th) a
conference with Marshal Sault from half-past 11 o'clock
till one.—Le Commerce.
RUSSIAN COMMERCE.
ST. PETERSBURG, AUGUST 2. —The Commercial Journal
publishes a comparative table of the imports and exports
of the Port of St. Petersburg, to the 26th July, for the
first, and to the 27th, for the second, during the years 1838
and 1839. In the imports there has been no increase this
year, except in dried fruit, champagne, olive oil, coffee, and
dye-woods ; in all the other articles, there is a decrease ;
that on sugar is the most considerable, for last year the
imports amounted to 960,869 poods (the pood 36 lbs.
English), and this year they have been only 269,707 poods.
In the exports there has been en increase on cables and
cordage, raw hides, linseed, and hemp oils (71, 703 poods
instead of 3,213 poods), on linens, hogs' bristles (136,494
chetwerts instead of 29,442), and a decrease on iron
(344,919 poods instead of 438,957 poods), on leather,
flax, hemp, timber. potashes, tallow (650,716 poods
instead of 1,008,117 poods), candles and linseed.
Exchange on London, 3 months, 381 pence—Journal de
St. Petersburg, Aug. 3.
BOURSE.—Pauts, TUESDAY, Aco. 13.
first Highest Lowest Last
Price I'rice. Price. Price
French 5 per Cents l:2 50 ... 112 60 ... 112 45 ... 1 2 45
4 per Cents lO3 ... 1' 3 ... 103 ... 103
3 per Cents Bl 45 ... 80 Si ... SO 40 ... 8 , 50
Bank of france ‘28,10
—2BOO
Laltitte Bank I.ooof. Sh 1057 50 ...1057 .:0 50 —1057 50
5,000 f. Sh 5222 5/ ...5225 ... 522 50 ...5225
Belgian 5 per Cents lO4 ... 104 ... 103% ... ;03%
Belgian Bank 772 50 ... 772 50 ... 770 ... 772 50
Ac ive
Passive 414 ... 44 ... ...
New I)eferre.l
Portuguese 3 per Cents
yea olitan
Roman lO3 ... 103 ... 103 ... Ic3

--- ---
RAILWAY SHAREs.
SC. Germain B
632 ... 632 50 632 50 632 !.0
Veraailles, R. 635 635 ... 632 50 ... (132 .0
337 50 ... 3tO ... 337 Z.O ... 34 0
Havre

....
Montpellier to Cette
Or'eans .

... 443

3.45
443

Strasburg to Bale ... 3'30 ... 330

... 32S ;5 330

Letters and Papers from Madrid, of the 6dl instant,
have been received, but they bring no news of interest.
The Spanish Liberals were about to raise a subscription
to strike a gold medal in commemoration of Lord
CLARENDON'S eloquent defence of the Spanish Patriots,
and of the Constitutional Government in the House of
Lords.

MONEY AND COMMERCIAL NEWS

CITY, TWEL V E O' CL 9 Clr.
Arrivals this morning— French and Ostend mails ; ship
letters from New York, Aug. 1, by the Great Western
steamer; Cape of Good Hope; and Ceylon.
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, WEDNESDAY.—WC have
had only a limited demand for Cotten to-day, at a decline
on Friday's quotations of about id. per lb. The sales
2,000 bags.
The accounts received this morning from Manchester
state that there was exceedingly little demand either for
goods or yarn yesterday, as a large number of spinners and
manufacturers either stayed entirely away, or returned
home at an early hour to protect their }.remises from
threatened or anticipated attacks by the Chartists. Very
little business was done.