The Sun.
London, England, 1837-11-16 00:00:00

cution ? No, never. Why is the Government of Upper
Canada bankrupt, and the Province on the retrograde ?
Because the people have no confidence in it ; even its
friends have. no confidence in it ; the latter hold on because

from it they seek their living.
In this letter, I wish to address the Democracy of the
country—l wish to address those who long for a change—
for a better state of things—for a Government fit for
freemen. The Aristocracy of the land it would be useless
to address—poor tools, why should they fight against a
master who crives them their bread and butter? It is their
interest to fight against the people, to whom they arc net
and never expect to be responsible. They must speak and
think as Sir F. Head does. Oh ! filthy slaves, for shame !
Is there no morning star for an oppressed people ? Is
there no polar star to which a people when oppressed can
turn their eyes—can brighten up their souls, and ti!l their
generous hearts with fond hope ? Yes, there is. Th.:
people must think—they must remember di :It they arc
more powerful than their oppressors. Is there not suffi-
cient democracy in Upper Canada to understand the word
—lndependence ? Cannot the people of this Province—
I mean the great mass of the people, not the filthy band
of officials who fatten on Head's despotic executive pa-
tronage—see that it would be to their ad% antage to be rid
of their present ruinous Government, which is neither the
British Constitution nor yet a Republic? What is it then?
Any one who thinks and observes can see the Government
of this Province and every Colonial Government in Bri-
tish North America is a vile Aristocracy—the worst of all
Governments! It is time that the people of this Province
reverted to the first principles of Government as to the first
principles of their nature. Let not the scarecrow " treason"
alarm. Have men forgot the meaning of treason? Have men
forgot that all free Governments are or ought to be a compact
—a bargain or an agreement between the King and the
People he governs, or the bead and people it governs? A King
can be guilty of treason to the people as Ivell as the people
or treason to him. Was not James 11. guilty of treason ?.
Did he not lose his throne for it ? Yes ; when a Govern-
. ment refuses to do justice to its people, it is guilty rf a
breach of the compact entered into between it and the
people. It is not then treason in the people to institute
another Government—to enter into another compact.
Kings and their dependent tools are too apt to cell a just
opposition in the people treason. If, then, the people of
this Province—this oppressed and official-ridden Province
—were to choose their Governor by ballot, otherwise from
among themselves were to choose a man whose family
dwelt in the Province, who had long lived in it himself—
whose whole feelings, kindred, and interests were identi-
fied with theirs—can it be supposed that such a man, know-
ing his responsibility to the people among whom he was al-
ways to live, and being bound to act as Governor under
constitutional restrictions, would be less useful than such
a man as Governor Head—a man appointed by a foreign
Colonial Minister across the Atlantic, bound to obey his
master's dicta, surrounded with his secret despatches, in-
structions and notes from Downing-street, without the
shadow of responsibility to the people of this Province ?
Oh, how great is the contrast ! Canadians, in the first
you would have a man ever anxious to improve your
country, ever anxious to do justice to the majority of the
people, from whom he got his power, with a small salary of
a couple of thousand dollars, remaining in office for two or
four years, as you might choose, and then returning to you
again a private and retired citizen, like the noble Wash-
ington, or the venerable Andrew Jackson. In the latter,
you on the contrary, have an obscure stranger, of whom
none of you ever heard before he came to oppress
this Province, a man whose prejudices are all foreign,
whose interests and feelings are all foreign, and whose
prospects in life are- all foreign to your own. You have
in him a pensioner of the British Government, a man re-
ceiving a salary of twenty thousand dollars or more of
your money without your consent, wholly responsible to
England, and not to you ; placed over you against your
will, and that as' long as a distant kingdom may choose,
and taken from you again without your being consulted.
A man while here ever anxious to uphold a corrupt offi-
cial party to divide the people—give offices to the unde-
serving and his tools, and when he quits the country
leave it in the state of a withered tree or blighted field.
Oh ! sad and lamentable but yet true contrast ! If you had
the power of choosing your own magistrates, would they
to you ? Would they be less careful of
your money ? No, methinks not. Do you not find in the
world in proportion to a man's responsibilities, so will be his
just and proper fulfilment of his trusts and duties? Would
a magistrate chosen by the people be less useful to the coun-
try than one chosen by a foreign Governor, and not during
good behaviour but during this Governor's mere •will ! !
Do you think if you were to choose a House of Assembly
by ballot—by universal suffrage—or some way in which the
great mass of the people of all classes could have a voice,
less justice would be done to the country ? No. If this
were the case you would not see a foreign Governor destroy-
ing the free representation of the country by patent deeds
and other illegal means. If you had a House of Represen-
tatives, a Senate, and a Governor, all responsible to the
people, with restrained and limited constitutional powers,
you would see your country flourish—your forests fall—emi-
gration fill the province—manufactories springing up every-
where, and every man be allowed free competition in doing
good, enjoying his own, and with the exercise of the privi-
leges of a citizen.
If this Province and Lower Canada were a State of the
great neighbouring Union, property everywhere would in-
crease in value, the population would double every few years,
our markets would be always good, our enterprise would be
vastly increased, our capital would be vastly increased, the
resources of the Province would be called up and enjoyed,
and the bickerings of party would subside in the great ocean
of Republicanism. Government offices would not then be
sought for on account of their worth and value, so much as
for their honour and trust.
A FRIEND TO DEMOCRACY.

The Paris Papers of Monday and Tuesday contain
no news of any political interest—no news of any kind
save what is contained in the annexed brief extracts :

" GENERAL VALLEE TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL

" BONA, Nov. 4.—TouLoN, Nov. 10.—The army,
with the wounded, the sick, and all the besieging materiAls,
re-entered Bona on the 3d, without leaving a man or a
single object on the road. A considerable garrison, with
six months' provisions, has been left in Constantine. The
intermediate positions of Medjaz Ammar, Ghelma, Nec-
maya, and Drean, are also occupied by our troops. From
Constantine to Bona not a musket shot was fired on our
return. The Arabs have erected their tents again in the
Douars, which they had abandoned on our march to Con-
stantine. Their flocks hove returned into the valleys which
are intersected by the road, and the inhabitants every
where manifest a good disposition towards us. Their
Royal Highnesses the Duke of Nemours and the Prince
of Joinville are quite well."
The Madrid journals of the sth and Gth have arrived
this morning, but they contain nothing more than we have
already g'ven.
Our accounts from Barcelona and Gerona are to the
7th inst. It was affirmed at Barcelona that a despatch
from the Government had been received, entirely approving
the measures of Baron de Meer for the preservation of
order and tranquillity in the province. Muskets were to
he again given on the Gth to the five battalions of the
recognised national militia. The insurgents ventured to
approach Capellades on the night of the 2d ; they were
repulsed, with loss.
The aurora borealis on Sunday night, which was so very
splendid, was carefully observed at the Paris Observatory.
The same night was devoted to the observation of falling
stars, and by a singular chance only one was seen.
General Pedro Mendez Vigo is going to be tried by a
Court Martial, as well as Carlos Espinosa, on account
of the event at Vallodolid at the time of the entrance of
ZAriateguy into that city. The first is in the fortress of
Badajoz, the second at Seville.—Cornmerce.

A letter from Rome, of the 21st October, says :—" If
we may give credit to several journals, the Roman States
and the Kingdom of Naples are threatened with a foreign
intervention. Such reports hare no other object than to
excite the people of Italy against their Governments, and
expose them to inevitable misfortunes, as has been the case
on former occasions ; but tlif revolutionary propagandists
will rot succeed in their enterprise, for the mass of the
popuhtion has grown wise by experience.
The Pope will go next week to the Castle of Gundolfo,
where be will pass some days, and thence go to visit the
convents situated on the mountains of Alba. Our city be-
gins to assume an appearance of animation ; the great
families are coming back from the country. Some visitors
from the North have already arrived, and there is every
indication of a brilliant winter season."—Le Commerce.
TouLoN, Nov. B.—General d'Auvray has arrived here,
and will soon sail to take the chief command of the pro
wince of Oran, in the room of General Brossard. On his
arrival, General Bugeaud will embark to return to France.
--Comfit utionnel.
TouLoN, Nov. 7.—Orders have just been brought by
the telegraph to the Admiral-Prefect, to have a steamboat
ready to put to sea immediately on the arrival of dispatches,
which admit of no delay, for Lieutenant-General Vallee.
These despatches have been forwarded by express from
Paris. The Ceibere will leave this evening.—Courrier
Francais.

FRENCH FUNDS. —PARis, Nov. 14,
Five per Cents., 109 f. 4nc. 3:x. 40c.
Four per Cents., 100 f. 67,c.
-Three per Cents., Slf. 25c. 20c. 21,c.
Bank Actions, 2,522 f. 50c.
Rente-tle Naples, 99f. lioc. lOlf. 4,0 f. 05c POe. 95c,
Roman Five per Cents., 100%.
Spanish Actives, 211,i .21 21
Spanish Passives, 4%.
Belgian Loan, P 3.
Belgian Bank, 1,4P0f. 1,405 f.
Portugue,e 'three per Cents., 2-V2.
Haytian Loan, 350 f.