The Sun.
London, England, 1863-01-08 00:00:00

ME SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JANUARY 8, 1863

have such a moral right to enlist for regular war
against the South, as the slaves: Of a servile war
there seems not the shadow of a likelihood, but
that men trampled down into bondage against their
consent, and without crime, should join in honour-
able war against their oppressors, is a deed which
all civilization will justify. If JEFFERSON DAVIS
hangs one captured slave for this, all Christendom
will agree that he deserves the gallows himself.
However, he would probably have his reward.
The savage deed, worse than anything done by
BUTLER, would exasperate more than it would
intimidate the slaves, and might prove the death
blow of the Slave-King's reign.

We have recently seen a prospectus of the
Working Men's College, which illustrates very
forcibly the progess of education among the people.
This institution, under the able presidency of the
Rev. F. D. MAURICE, has reached its ninth year,
and is therefore not to be classed among mere
speculative theories or visionary experiments. It
is conducted on regular and businesslike principles.
Its fees are of course very small, so as to place it
within the reach of the working classes, but in
other respects its arrangements are in true col-
legiate fashion, with four regular Terms and one
Vacation Term, the course of instruction, including
all the branches of a plain, sound education.
When we state that the drawing classes are
carried on under the direction of Mr. RUSKIN, it
will give some idea of the quality of the teaching.
The list of the Council includes many eminent
names, and the rules of the College are such that
any student may hope, in course of time, to become
a member, provided, of course, that he possesses the
requisite natural ability. There are many encou-
ragements held out to the industrious scholar in
the shape of certificates of competency and degrees
of rank, such as Scholars, Associates, and Fellows.
The College also boasts a Rifle Corps, forming part
of the 19th Middlesex Volunteers, and a course of
free general lectures, whose subjects testify forcibly
the progress made in taste and cultivation by the
members of the College. Fifty years ago it would
certainly have been deemed a preposterous under•
taking for a gentleman distinguished in literature
•to lecture a body of working men about MILTON.
We have reached a time when such labours are no
longer a mark for ridicule, and the present gene-
ration is reaping the reward of these and similar
efforts for the elevation of the masses in the order
and good conduct which has proved that it can
withstand the severest shocks. When men have
learned to rule themselves the hardest part of go-
vernment is over. It takes bat little learning, if it
be plain, sober, learning, to get beyond the old
demagogue theories of Chartism and oppression.
Such principles, artfully circulated among the
people, were once repressed by the strong hand.
Mr. MAURICE and his fellow labourers have
found a less costly and safer method for their subju-
gation. The artisan who pays his 2s. or 3s. for
regular instruction in Algebra and Logic will be
able to get a little further in Political Economy
than FEARGUS O'CONNOR and the Six Points. He
will find it more interesting to meet his fellows, and
hear Col, BATHURST describe the battle of Oltenitza,
than to listen to wordy harangues on the bene-
fits of universal suffrage and the antagonism between
the interests of capital and labour. When he has
acquired a thorough comprehension of the rules of
arithmetic, he will better appreciate the amount
that the public-house deducts from his yearly
earnings. He will wish his children to know
what he knows, and will make an effort to
give them a little schooling, instead of " standing
treats" to his companions. Above all, he will have
subjects to occupy his leisure hours—he will have
something to think, read, and talk about, and be
lifted above the dead level of a monotonous
and mechanical occupation. Of course all will
not derive the same advantage; but those who
have the capability and inclination for improve-
ment have the chance before them. It is by such
well-directed and continuous efforts that the whole
tone of our lower orders is being gradually raised
to a level which, in spite of failure, mistakes, and
misfortune in many schemes, enables us to look
calmly on wars and revolutions, and even to face
unshaken the more terrible evils of enforced idleness
and scarcity.

LORD STANLEY OP ALDERLEY AT LIVERPOOL.—
Yesterday the Right Hon. Lord Stanley of Alderley,
the Earl of Airley, the Hon. Mr. Stanley, and other distin-
guished visitors were in Liverpool. They visited the prin-
cipal docks oh both sides of the Mersey, and about midday
were entertained at lunch in the Town-hall by his worship
the Mayor. In addition to those above named, there were
also present at lunch Mr. Charles Turner, M.P., Mr. John
Laird, M.P., Mr. Macgregor Laird, Mr. T. D. Anderson,
and other guests. The party, after leaving the Town-hall,
proceeded to Sc. George's-hall and the Free Library and
Museum. Lord Stanley is on a visit to Mr. Laird, at Bir-
kenhead.

" A name," says the Presse," well known during
the Convention, the Empire, the Hundred Days,
and the first days of the Restoration, has just died out in
Paris. It is that of Fouche, Duke d'Otrante, son of the
Fouche who was successively ➢Tinister of Police and Pre-
sident of the Provisional Government after Waterloo, and
who died in exile at Trieste, leaving a fortune of 14 millions,
and the magnificent seat of Ferrieres, now the property of
Baron de Rothschild. M. Fouche, the second duke, filled,
under the Government of July, a high position on the staff
of the National Guard of the Seine. He had attained the
age of 70, and of late years lived in complete retirement.
By his decease the title has become extinct."

HAMPDEN AND HIS MOTHER.—John Hampden
succeeded in his infancy to the family estates, for his
father died in 1597, when his heir was little more than three
years old, and his will directs that his wife Elizabeth shall
continue to enjoy the use of such apartments as she may
choose in Hampden-house. She had a long lease of those
chambers, in a dwelling often visited by trouble and death,
lfiofre wont)
tlheaer2nlbsyt
otfhFe
ebprauraisrhy, rle6g6i4s,tehratvhinagt
laihve eddepartedawidowth6i7s
years, and attained the great age of 90. Her lengthened life
comprehended more than 28 years of E izabeth's reign. She
had discussed as county news the whole history of the gun-
powder treason, which was hatched at Gayhurst, in Buck-
inghamahiro ; and, almost before the victim's blood was
dry, the hideous details of Sir Everard Digby's execution
must have reached her solitary chamber. From its windows
she might have listened to the chanted psalm, and the dull
sound of the muffled drums, as she watched the long pro-
cession of disheartened troops who bore, with furled ensigns,
through the ancient woods, to the chancel vault in his
parish church, all that remained of the great son ske had
borne—truly a Master in Israel 1 The last days of her
saddened life were creeping over the Chiltern hillsides
when King Charles was led to the scaffold through the long
gallery at Whitehall. She witnessed the rise and fall of the
Commonwealth, and wondrous tidings in the shape of family
news must have reached her solitude of the crowning dig-
nities of her slovenly nephew Oliver. As a very old woman
she heard on her lonely hill that wild midnight tempest of
the 2d September, 1658, which traversed England while
one of the mightiest among the erring souls of men flut-
tered from the snares of his mortality. The next January
saw her only surviving child, Richard Hampden, Lord of
Emmington, in Oxfordshire, laid in the family grave, and
it must have been a matter of little moment to her when, in
the following May, her greatnephew, Richard Cromwell,
resigned the Protectorate and retired into private life. Four
years afterwaris this aged woman joined her family of
6ts .---Ofice a /reek.
g ° ' - -

quails, native
-
We read in the Me.bourne Argua of Oct. 25 :—" A
water-heren:,flL7endiningeacfpPiigeesOnsr,aainlsci native wild ducks,
23 head in all, caught iu the Botanic-gardens, and intended
for the Zoological-gardens, London, will leave by the York-
shire on Mondry. Some of these birds have not yet been
seen in England."
From the Ist of January to the 4th of August
eight
i rn dr
energetick to American
erect a cathedral last year, ght
nearly
York, oo
slaves. had
Since
been
capturedtex
e eeu
tiwhichonof
had on boar
Capt. Gordon, in
et New
disappearing from the of Africa.
slaversareforrapitdhley
West Coast
diocese of Connor.
made, with the bishop of the diocese at movement is being
subscription, list is in a flourishing
state the head; and the

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

SPAIN.

MADRID, JAN. 7 (Eveniug).

The Madrid journals of to-day announce that all
the resignations recently tendered have been ac-
cepted by the Government. These resignations
agitate both the Conservative an Liberals parties.
The Madrid papers also state that the news that
Don Juan de Bourbon is aboat to return to Spain
is entirely unfounded.

FRANCE.

PARIS, JAN. 7.

The funeral of Cardinal Morlot will take place
to-morrow. All the Ministers, the members of the
Privy Council, the Presidents of the great Bodies
of State, and all the French cardinals, with the
exception of Mgr. Billiet, will be present at the

ceremony.
Despatches received here from Constantinople
assert that the changes in the Ottoman Ministry
will be confined to those already known.
La France of this evening says The Chief of
the Private Cabinet of the King of the Belgians
has been sent to Lisbon on a mission, the object of
which is said to be to determine King Ferdinand
to accept the throne of Greece."
Intelligence received here from Palermo an-
nounces the escape of 180 convicts from the galleys.
party of friends en-
joyed a day's shooting in
Prince Napoleon and a
the woods of Mendon
the day before yesterday,

All the Ministers have handed in their special
reports required to make up the general state-
ment on the internal situation of the country, such
as is presented to the Chambers at the opening of
the Session. This document is already being
printed, and may be distributed to the Senators
and Deputies about the 13th.

BOURSE, Jan. 7.—The arrival of the English
Funds with a rise of g has failed to give any
buoyancy to this market, which has been up to the
present time very dull, though without any material
decline in rente, Threes being now at 70f. 55c.
Other securities have been offered, and for the most
part lower. Little doing in the Railway Share
Market. The market closed as follows :

---
II per Cents. 9B 50 Bank Shares 3500
Do. end month.... Credit Fonder 1465 --
3 per Cents
Do. end month 7O 60 Italian Loan 7l 05
New 3 per Cents .. Russian
Do. end month.... --- Austrian
Credit M0bi1ier....1152 60 Spanish Threes —
Do. end m0nth....1165 , Home Debt —

RAIL'

'AYS.

Cash. Account.
Orleans ................ 1686 25 .. 1090
Northern . ..........
New ditto ............... 1030 .. 1030 —.-- ' •
Lyons and Mediterraneitn. 1177 50 .. 1185
Geneva ............ ——• • Southern .............. 805 —• • 808 75
Western ............. 536 25 .. 537 60
Sardinian .............. 363 75 .• 370 in
Eastern . ............. 526 25 .. 526 25
Austrian ............. 505 • • OW .....
Lorrhsu.d ............ 605 •• 606 25
North of Spain ......... 530 • • 532 60
Saragossa ............... 651 50 .. 657 50
Ditto to Barcelona .... ... 327 50 .. 325

PRUsS I A•

BERLIN, JAN. 6.

Shouts of " Wolf!"
are so common in Germany,
and so habitually die away without the smallest
damage having ensued either to flock or to shepherd,
that one gets to lose faith even in the most
threatening signs. Hence it doubtless is that the
majority of the politicians one converses with in
Berlin are utterly incredulous of anything serious
springing out of the question now at issue in
Frankfort. On the other hand, the opposite
view is held by a minority, comprising persons
whose opinions have sufficient weight to entitle
them to serious consideration. The difference is
not as to whether M. von Bismark be disposed to
bring about serious external difficulties, and even
a war with Austria, as a means of overriding the
opposition of the Chamber and of the nation to
his domestic policy. Most people are agreed that
he is quite capable of resorting to such extremi
ties. What they differ about is, whether he will
be able to carry out his designs. The support of
the country we know that he has not; will he be
able to drag the King along with him, and
—a still more doubtful question—will his oppo-
nents at Frankfort be so unwise as to afford him the
opportunity he desires P This last is what many
doubt. By pressing their motion Austria and the
Wurzburgers will evidently play into his hands.
Should they think better of it, they will easily find
means to get out of the affair without humiliation.
The limbo of the Frankfort Diet affords abundant
facilities for unostentatious retrocession. And
it is, moreover, not considered certain that
the report of the majority of the Committee
will obtain a majority in the Diet. As yet, such
majority does not seem secured. Here, all the
rumours, and some small facts, have a warlike
colouring. There has been much talk, these last few
days, of a stormy conversation between M. von.
Bismark and Count Karolyi, in which the former is
o
supposed to have talked of war as probable, and
therwise to have expressed himself in a manner
almost too indiscreet to be credible even of the
present Prussian premier, although his indiscre-
tion and habit of unscrupulous assertion are ex-
tremely notorious. Little credit is attached to a
statement in a Frankfort paper concernin a sup-
posed note, couched in bitter and threatening li
terms, of which the Prussian Envoy refused to
leave a copy with Count Reehberg. The journal
which tells this tale is no authority. If we may
judge from articles in some of the Vienna
papers, a conflict is there discredited. Atten-
tion has been drawn to the calling out of the re-
serves for the Prussian garrisons at Mayence and
Frankfort. Various explanations of this measure,
for the most part extenuating its supposed import-
ance, have been advanced, and the utmost that can
be said is that the Prussian contingent to the Fede-
ral garrisons in question is brought up to the full
peace establishment, below which it lately has been
owing to the premature release, for economy's sake,
of a certain number of men per company, and to the
tardy summoning, for the like reason, of the con-
soripts due last autumn. Nevertheless, the mea-
sure has startled people at a moment when there
are rumours of possible approaching hostilities be-
tween the two great German Powers. Believers in
war of course see in it an expectation of a struggle
and a precaution to put the Prussians in a position
to hold their own in case of need.
Some of those persons who disbelieve that any
real danger is to be apprehended from the Delegir-
ten Versammlung quettion, are disposed to attach
much more importance to home politics, and to fear
phantly on its
thpeat electoralh.
that reaction in Prussia is likely to proceed trium-
iiey
law,talk oafnad possible
a sed
change,
by decree, in
re-
striction of the press, already sufficiently harassed.
Every day one hears of
trial. Sunday the Cologne Gazette was seized for
making extracts from Russian papers on the situa-
tion in Prussia. It seems that even the Muscovite
press is getting too liberal its •
views to suit M.
von Bismark and his 11 co eagues. Since yesterday
a report has bLen current that Co..nt Eulenburg
is to give up the Ministry of the Interior to M.
Selchow, the lately appointed Minister of Agricul-
ture. The inferenee from this change would be
that Count Eulenb erg is not sufficiently retrograde.
It is matter of conjecture whether he could remain
in office, taking another department.
The Gazette publishes a
Royal Order, to the effect
that, on the 17th of March,
the day appointed for
the celebration of theclose of
the Seven Years' War,
and of the summons of
Frederick William 111. to
his people, in 1813, the first stone of a monument
to that Sovereign shall be solemnly laid in Berlin.
The King further orders that,
assembling of the
Chambers. bills shall be pre-
sented, authorising au increase of pensions to the
Invalids and veterans of the campaigns of 1831
to 1815.

Naval and Military Intelligence.

THE NAVY.

Vice-Admiral Sir Frederick William Grey,
K.C.8., and Capt Drummond, R.N., was engaged
yesterday at Portsmouth in inspecting her Majesty's
troopship Himalaya, lying alongside the dockyard
and just refitted for further service, the troopship
Egmont, and other vessels. They also visited the
Steam Reserve-offiae, and other parts of the estab-
lishment in the yard. Sir Frerdeick on the previ-
ous day visited the new workshop where the armour
plates are bent, drilled, and planed. Steam was
got up in the boiler of the 20-horse power engine,
which drives the shaft of the workshop, and the
radial drills and hydraulic press was set in motioN.
No plate was bent by the hydraulic, but a bent
plate was placed under each of the drills and a bolt
hole drilled in each. These were the first instances
of drilling armour plates since the erection of the
shop and machinery. A plate was also drawn
from the furnace and bent about an inch from the
centre line with the mould bar and wedge press.
Both Sir Frederick Grey and Capt. Drummond
were expected to leave Portsmouth for town yester-
day.
The Pylades, 21, screw corvette, Capt. A. W. A.
Hood, arrived at Spithead yesterday morning from
the eastward, and on anchoring exchanged the
usual salutes with the Victory, flagship of the Com-
mander-in-Chief at the port. It is expected that
the Pylades will relieve the Emerald off Osborne,
to enable the latter to prepare for her experimental
screw trials.

An official circular has been issued from the Ad-
miralty, dated January 1, 1863, referring to page
219, Art. 2, of the Queen's regulations, and direct-
ing that in future any of the crow of the Reserve
guardship shall not receive any extra pay, however
they may be employed, but shall .eceive one can-
vas suit and one pair of shoes per year instead.
Art. 1, page 218, of the Queen's regulations
directs that—

" All artificers' when employed ss such in the
execution of any work on board any of her Majesty's
ships, other than those to which they themselves
belong, or in dockyard or other establishments,
&c., shall receive ls. 3d. per day as extra pay."
Art. 2, referred to in the circular, directs that—

" It being part of the regular duty of the crews
of the Reserve guardships to perform various ser-
vices in ships belonging to the Reserve, or not yet
commissioned, and in the dockyard, such services
are not to be regarded, as extra duty, entitling to
extra pay ; but when such work involves extra wear
and tear of clothing, working petty officers, seamen,
and others are to receive an allowance of 6d. per
day."
This latter regulation the Admiralty now super-
sede by a jacket and trousers of sailcloth and a
pasr of shoes, but the other regulation in Art. 1 re-
mains in full force. The effect of these two regula-
tions, therefore, amounts to this :—lf a smith be-
longing to the Port Admiral's flag guardship is
employed on work on board any other ship he re-
ceives ls. 3d, per day extra, but a fellow smith
working with him at the same forge and on the
same piece of work receives a canvass jacket and a
pair of shoes per annum only. This is unfair to the

skilled mechanic of the Reserve, who is most pro-
bably a stoker in his rating and liable for draught-
ing for foreign service at any hour, and this unfair-
ness is still further increased when it is remem-
bered that the smith on board the Admiral's flag
guardship is not liable to be sent on foreign service.
The following gentlemen cadets have been ap-
pointed to commissions in the corps of Royal Ma-
rines Light Infantry, and attached to the divisions
named :—R. A. D. Ramsay to be Second Lieut., and
appointed to the Portsmouth division ; H. Gritton
to be Second Lieut., and appointed to the Chatham
division ; F. N. Forth to be Second Lieut., and ap-
pointed to the Plymouth division ; C. S. F. Fagan
to be Second Lieut,, and appointed to the Woolwich
division ; F. H. March to be Second Lieut., and ap-
pointed to the Plymouth division ; W. P. Wright to
be Second Lieut., and appointed to the Woolwich
division.

It having been represented to the Lords of the Ad-
miralty that great advantage is obtained by the use
of the drum in calling attention at general quarters
and in action, enabling the orders of the command-
ing officers to be issued, repeated, and understood
with great rapidity, they have directed by a circu-
lar that the following system shall be established
throughout the naval service :-1. The roll of the
drum is, on all occasions, to be understood to be the
" call to attention" to an order ; 2. Two taps on the
drum to be the " signal for the execution of the
order;" 3. One or two drums, according to the
length of the ship, to be placed in some convenient
position on each deck. The roll beaten on any one
drum to be instantly repeated by all the drums; no
roll is to be beaten without direct orders from the
commanding officer. 4. On hearing the roll every
officer and man in the sl=ip, whatever duty they may
be at the time performing, are at once to stand at at-
tention, and maintain the most perfect silence. The
orders will then be communicated to the various quar-
ters by means of the speaking tubes, and the offi-
cers will repeat the orders to their respective quar-
ters. When the captain or commanding officer is
satisfied that his orders are delivered and under-
stood, he will order two taps to be given on the
drum, immediately on the hearing of which the
orders last delivered are to be carried out without
further delay. 5. Rolls and taps to be delivered
sharply and distinctly.
The last Australian advices note the following
ships of war on that station :—The Fawn, 17, Capt.
Cayter, at Hobart Town; the Harrier, 17, Capt.
Sir Malcolm M' Gregor, at New Zealand; the Mi-
randa, 14, Capt_ Jenkins, at Melbourne; the Pioneer,
6, Capt. Reilly, on a cruise to the northward; and
the Orpheus, 21, Commodore Burnett, at Sydney.
From the return, in relation to the Royal Naval
Reserve, by the Registrar-General of Seamen and
Shipping, it appears that 16,810 applications had
been received, and 14,715 enrolments made, up to
the 31st December last. Of these, 41 possessed
certificates of competency as masters; 307 certifi-
cates of competency as mates ; 19 certificates of
service as masters ; and 49 certificates of service as
mates. The force also included 2,289 petty officers
in the Merchant Service.