The Sun.
London, England, 1839-10-09 00:00:00

" But if it be a sin to covet honour,
I am the most offending soul alive.
This act shall the good man teach his son ;
And with it we shall be remembered."
" University Education." " The great resorts and seats of
roouNtylsi v
tehienint h. i s
oway t hue. intentionsa
roef f oiunn dae rgsr, e
aa
ts
thea r invionrgl ci°oftuctng
kmneoawsulerdege.
, become Tile ciaasteernhsas the
toholdst,arnt of them,otconduit thats,to disperse,
sources of knowledge have been opened since their formation, to
which the world have had access, and have drank plentifully at
these living fountains, from which they are debarred by the
tenor of their Charter, and as a matter of dignity and privilege.
All that has been invented or thought in the last two hundred
years they take no cognizance of, or as little as possible, they
are above it, they stand upon the ancient land-marks, and will
not budge, whatever was not known when they were endowed, they
are still in profound and lofty ignorance of."--Hazlitt's Table
Talk: also, the Examiner, Jan. 20, 1823.
"Let the Noble Viscount persevere in the course—i. e., re-
sisting the demands of, and braving the direction of Radicals.__
which he had resolved upon taking, and then let him trust to
the good sense of the people of this country for support.'
Such were the words in which the Duke o Wellington ex-
pressed his confidence in the sincerity of Lo 01elbourne."—
The Times, July 1, 1839.
"It was said by the Noble Duke ellington) that these
opinions were contrary to the opinions Held by the University
of Oxford. He ( Viscount Melboutane) had great respect for
that University, but he could not admit that the University of
Oxford was to be infallible in these matters. On the contrary,
it was well known that the opinions of the Reformers who
brought about the Reformation in the Church were entirely
opposed to the University of gosford. It was well known, that
if the opinions of that Unive *silty had been adhered to, the
Protestant religion would nc/ee have been established. The
opinions of Locke were opposed to those of the University; and
if their *pinions only were to be consulted, everything liberal,
noble, and ingenuous in our institutions would never have been
established."—Viscount Melbourne's Speech in the House of
Lords, on the debate on the Earl of Radnor's motion respecting
the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.—The Morning
Herald, Friday, Dec. 22, 1837.
" We observe in a pamphlet, ' Anti-Deist,' published by
Mr. Bellamy, that Exodus, c. iii, v. 22, is a gross mistransla-
tion. He notices a number of other errors in the translation
of the Bible now in use, equally hostile to the true meaning of
the writers. It is not a little curious, that many of these mis-
translated passages, which give meanings in direct opposition to
the real ones, have been as stoutly defended by eminent theo-
logians as any in the whale took, and long commentaries have
been written upon them, expressly to show their beauty and
propriety."—The Examiner, Dec. 24, 1821.
" Mr. Bellamy, in a very conclusive performance, the Anti.
Deist, does not attempt to parry the weapon, so much as to
disarm the hand that wields it ; for he does not explain away
the objections that hare been advanced by the Deist, but he
labours rather to extirpate them, and to show that they have no
other root but misconception or mistake. Should this author's
emendations turn out correct, they should be adopted, as no
time and no authority can consecrate error. Mr. Bellamy has
met with patronage in the very highest quarter—a patronage
liberal in every sense of the word ; and as honourable to the
patron as the author."

COMPLETION OF MR. AINSWORTH'S " JACK
S HEPPA RD."
On Tuesdny next, the 15th inst., complete, in 3 vols. post Svo,
bound, with Portrait of the Author, by R. I. Lane, Esq.
R.A., engraved by Greatbach, price 255.,
JACK SHEPPARD
A ROMANCE.

By W. HARRISON AINSWORTH, Esq.,
Author of ‘: Rookwood," kc.
Embellished with
TWENTY-SEVEN ILLUSTRATIONS BY
GEORGE CRUIKSHANK.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

This day is published,
THE BRITISH AND FOREIGN RE-
VIEW, No. XVIII.

CONTENTS.
1. Life of Joseph Brant Thayendenegea.
2. The State and the Church.
3. The African Slave Trave.
4. The Corn Trade.—Neapolitan Agriculture.
B. The Confessions of a Thug.
6. The Dismemberment of Belgium.
7. Tytler's Reigns of Edward and Mary.
8. Remedial Measures for Ireland.
9. The Poems of Homer.

" His alterations, I admit, are extremely numerous, im-
portant, and consequential, but they are supported by a mass of
erudition, authority, and argument, that does indeed demand
our most serious attention, and many in common with my-elf,
will lament that they have drank more freely at the stream,
than at the fountain."

" We hail the march of intellect, because we know—that a
reason that is cultivated, is the best support of a worship that
is pure. It is for thos' who thrive by the darkness to hurl
their anethemas against the diffusion of light; but wisdom, like
a pure and bright conductor, can render harmless the bruture
fulmen' of the Vatican."—Lacon, C. C. Colton.
" T may therefore conclude, that upon this revision of the
Hebrew Scriptures, great stress ought to be laid, as anticipat-
ing a closer approximation in sentiment among all denomina-
tions of Christians now at variance with each other, upon cer-
tain disputed points of doctrine—under this impression, I think
all must subscribe to its importance."—Chester Chronicle, Feb.
90, 1824.

Lendon : R. and J. E. Taylor, Red Lion-court, Fleet-
street :—Edinburgh: A. and C, Black :—Dublin ; .T. Cum-
ming.

PROFESSIONAL RECORDS; OR, MARRIAGE MEDI-
CALLY CONSIDERED.
An Original Thesis (in a sealed envelop). Price 55.,
ON MARRIAGE—its Intent, Obligations, and
Phpical and Constitutional Disqualifications; with Illus-
trations graphic, narrative, and reruediate.
Also, by the same Author,
A RATIONAL EXPOSITION of the TREATMENT
of MORBID SECRETIONS, Stricture, and Irritability of
the Uretha, and other infirmities of the reproductive system;
with numerous cases and woodcuts, entitled Medical Con-
sultations. Price 2s. 6d.

" We may be-sure that sufficient care has been taken that
the Holy Scriptures should contain nothing unsuitable to the
character or dignity of God, and that God should say nothing
of himself which should derogate from his own Alajesty."—
Milton's Posthumous Treatise:

" Mr. Carlisle then read the names of several of the sub-
scribers, beginning with the Prince Regent, who at first sub-
scribed only for five copies; but, pleased with the specimens of
the translations forwarded to him by the gentleman in ques-
tion, had increased that number to fifty. This anecdote he
had from Mr. Bellamy himself, who was; ntimately acquainted
with Dr. Clarke, the Prince's librarian. Here Mr. Carlisle
iterated his argument, arising from the discrepancy of the two
translations, and the consequent fallibility, at least, of one
version."

Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet-
street ; Harris, 25, Bow-street; Baths, 23, New Bond-street,
and Smith, druggist, 4s, Lothbury, City.

Just published, a New Edition, price 2s. 6d.,
,4 PRACTICAL ESSAY/ on the DEBILI-
ix. TIES of the GENERATIVE SYSTEM, their Va-
rieties, Causes, Treatment, and Cure
By a MEMBE of the ROYAL COLLEGE of SURGEONS,
London, and Surgeon to a Metropolitan Infirmary.
Sold by Onwhyn, Catherine-street, Strand ; T. Hill, Me-
dical Bookseller, Great Windmill-street, Haymarket; Temple-
man, 348, Regent-street, London ; Barlow, Birmingham ; Ross
and Nightingale, Liverpool ; and all Booksellers in Town and
Country.

Mr. Carlisle's trial for publishing " Palmer's Principles of.
Nature," Court of King's Bench, Guildhall, Friday, Oct.
15.—The Times, Saturday, Oct. 16, 1825.

To CORRESPONDENTS.--" The Bible.—We have been so
earnestly exhorted to persevere in opening our Paper to the dis-
cussion of the merits of the New Translation, as a question of
the utmost importance to the interests of mankind, that we feel
it to be our duty to comply. Our Correspondents, therefore,
shall be attended to in turn, as we have reason to believe that
the Heads of the Church have already directed their attention
to the controversy."—The Sun, London, Saturday, Dec. 5,
1818.

NEW TRANSLATION of the BIBLE.
" You may be assured that, deeply sensible of the duties
imposed upon me, and more especially of that which binds me
to the support of the Established Church, I shall always use the
powers vested in use by the Constitution for the fulfilment of
that sacred obligation.' "—Her Majesty's Answer to the Address
of the Lords.—The Weekly. Dispatch, Sunday, July 14, 1839.
" The favour and the love of Heaven, we have great argu-
ment to think in a peculiar manner propitious and propending
towards us. Why-else was this nation chosen before any other,
that out of her, as out of Sion, should be proclaimed and
sounded forth the first tidings and trumpet of reformation to all
Europe."—Areopagitica : Milton.
We shall here exhibit to the country, that for the great
" measure of truth which we enjoy," we are indebted to Mo-
narchs—rightly so—they were "the people's !rust."
" All the King's—( Henry the Eighth's)—proceedings con-
vincing the Pope that he was to expect no change in him,
he published at length the Bull of Excommunication, drawn,
and signed in 1535. As soon as Henry heard of the Bull being
published,,he required the Bishops and Abbots to.swear again
to renounce the Papal authority. At the same time, the new
translation of the Bible being presented to him, he ordered
1,500 copies to be printed, being satisfied that nothing would
be found there to support the exhorbitant power assumed by the
Pope over all. Christendom."
" Grafton, the printer, printed 1,500 at his own charge,
which amounted to 5001. !' —History of England, by Rapin,
p. 819.
" Then came the reign of Queen Elizabeth ;
but I know that she had great worldly glory. I have seen her
in history, and I have read of her in those pageants, when the
people of England surrounding her, and the leading gentry her
slaves; while her glorious flag was unstained on land, and floated
invincible over every sea. I know all this, and 1 know that female
reigns are-often the most triumphant—( Hear)—and I trust we
are at the beginning of one now.—(Loud and continued cheer-
in;.")-4 full Report of the Proceedings of the Great Meeting
of the Catholics of London, held at Freemason's Hall, on the
15th day of July, 1839. Edited by Danial O'Connell, M.P.—
The London and Dublin Weekly Orthodox Journal, No.
212, Vol. 9.
" Not only do we owe to the happy Reformation all the do-
mestic advantages by which we are distinguished above other
States, but it is also to the Reformation we are indebted for our
present political consequence and territorial grandeur." . . . .
"Then sprung up the mighty Elizabeth, and mingling her
existence as a Sover'ign with the preservation of the true faith,
lashing herself to the mainmast of Reformation ; on that vessel
she securely rode the storm, and established the independence
of her kingdom."—The Times ; The Sun, No. 14,628, 1839.
Grace next adviseth the Reader not to be offended with
the'diversitie of translators, nor with the ambiguity of transla-
tions.
a translation as that hereafter might follow, no other that might
see that which as yet was not understood. For there be yet
in the Gospel very many dark places, which without doubt
to posterity shall be made much more open. For why should he
despair herein, seeing the Gospel was delivered to this intent,
that it might be utterly understood by us, yea to the very inch.
Who can doubt but that such things as remain yet unknown in
the Gospel shall be hereafter made open to the latter wits of
our posterity to their clear understanding."—Bishop Parker's
Preface to the Translation by command of Queen Elizabeth.
" Queen Elizabeth dying March 24, 1602, was succeeded
by James the Sixth, King of Scotland, as next heir to the Crown
and of the Queen's nomination. Accordingly no sooner was
the new King come up to London to take possession of the
, Crown but an humble petition of the Ministers
of the Church
of England, as they styled themselves, was presented to his
Majesty, desiring reformation of certain ceremonies and abuses
of the Church. In the preamble
all
lo the petition, they told his
Aivllaajjefsttyy,s'stuhba
jteetthseyan,
dtomthineisntuerms,ber of mor ethanwithol:
aooto on
com-
mon burden of rites and ceremonies, did
groaning as under a
humble themselves at his Majesty's feet t be eased and relieved
in 6
in this behalf, and that their hsuommbelemsinhces were, Ist, in theuittto his Majesty was,
be removed, some
tahmaetndofedt,haenodffseonmceesvfoallliofiwedin. g,
These offences

" Surely the elevated patronage which this New Translation
has deservedly obtained, should operate as a general example
and incitement. Shall the Bible, with its many acknowledged
errors, descend to posterity polluted with all those errors; or
shall it be transmitted to the latest generations of mankind,
with as much of its original purity as it is possible for human
sagacity, knowledge, and diligence to elucidate and confirm."—
The Sun, Monday, November 23d, 1818. The Sun, Septem-
ber 30th, October 7th, and 28th, 1837. The Guide, March
18th, and 25th, 1838. The Sun, December 27, 1838, Feb. 5,
1839.

" Published in 1818 and 1819. Parts 1 and 2, price 245.
each, dedicated by permission to his Royal Highness the Prince
of Wales, as Regent.
" The New Translation of the Holy. Bible, containing the
three books of the Pentateueh, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, and
reconciling the numerous discrepancies in Jerome's and the
European versions."
Part 3d in 1821, containing from Numbers to Deuteronomy.
Part 4th in 1825, containing from Joshua, c. 1. to 1 Samuel,
e. 13. v. 5.
Part sth in 1831. containing from 1 Samuel, c. 13. v. G. to
Kings, c. 17. v. 11.
Part ah in 1834, containing from 2d Kings, e. 17. v. 12 to
Job, e. 18. v. 21.

Part 7th in 1835, containing from Job, e. IS. v. 22. to
Psalms, c. 50.

The Anti-Deist, in answer to the publication called the
Deist, containing also a refutation of the erroneous opinions
held forth in the Age of Reason, and in a recent publication,
entitled Researches on Ancient Kingdoms, 1819, price 4s.
First and Second Replies to the Quarterly Review, showing
the gross errors the Reviewer has made in his Remarks on the
New Translation of the Bible.

" I now proceed to examine the passage which the Reviewer
has adduced to prove how grossly I have erred in translating
the word gnaaroumin, prudent, instead of naked ; which is in
Job, c. 22. v. 6. And stripped the naked of their clothing.
This is, perhaps, one of the passages which he deems elegant,'
' simple,' and 'dignified.' It is simple' enough, surely ; and
such simple passages abounding in the common version have in
all ages excited the wonder of intelligent men. Stripped the
naked of their clothing !' In the name of common sense, if
they were naked, how could they be stripped ?"—Extracts. See
Classical Journal, No. 38.

A Refutation of the Erroneoul Opinions, promulgated by a
Right Rev. Bishop of London.—See Classical Journal, No. 1.
A Reply to the Right Rev. Bishop of St. David's. Seo
Classical Journal, No. 26.
The True Age of Christ at the Crucifixion, not 33 but 52k
years, price Is.
Biblical Criticisms in each quarterly part, in the years, 1810,
11, 12. 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, of the Classical Journals,
by JOHN BELLAMY.

SPECIMENS OF EMENDATIONS, AND TENOR OF
REPLIES.

Genesis, c. 11. v. 4. Jerome's Version.--. And they said,
go to, let us build us a city, and a tower, whose top may reach
Unto heaven.

New Translation.—Hebrew.—And they said, come, let us
build a city and tower, with his top Like unto heaven.
"An undertaking as impious as it was foolish, an attempt to
build a tower which should reach to heaven !"
Origines ; or, Remarks on the Origin of several Empires,
States and Cities. By the Right Hon. Sir W. Drummond.--
The Literary Gazette, May 28, 1825.
" The tower of Babel whose top was to reach to heaven,'
and 'the confusion of tongues;' 'the sacrifice of Isaac and
Jeptha's daughter; the true age of Christ at the crucifixion.' "
—Enquiries into Vulgar and Common Errors.
The works of Sir Thomas Brown, Knight, M.D., of Nor-
wich, 1686.
Authorised Version, Deuteronomy, chap. 14,
shalt truly tithe all the increase of thy seed." v. 22: _
"It is a well-known maxim of English law, suggested by
common sense, and recognised by every principle of justice, to

." Theu

infer, that 'the long and uninterrupted • enjoyment of a civil
right must have originated in a regular grant from the original
owner, although no express evidence can be produced of
existence of such conveyance." •On Tithes.e-Quarterly Re-
view, No. 53.
New Trans!atien :—" A tenth thou shalt tenth, of all the
increase of thy seed." Note—Onkelos, the most eminent of
all the learned Rabbis, who lived before the dispersion of the
Hebrews, and consequently made the translation of the Sacred
Volume into Chaldee at that period when the Hebrew was a
national language, he thus translates the clatise—gnasaara
tignsarah, " a tenth thou shalt tenth," which is the same as
the Hebrew. The Septuagint fer:6oota7-Cfi 071 (both
Alexandrine and Vatican) " a tenth thou shalt tenth." The
learned Selden, Le Clerc, and other great authorities on
tithes, say—" It is not likely that the Levites should have had
a tenth of the whole produce of the land,lccause the number
of the tribe of Levi, compared with the numbers of the other
tribes, was so trifling. Neither could it be of all the produce
of the land, but of the increase of the seed; as it is truly said
in the common version : for the ifterease must necessarily have
been that part of the produce after the seed employed to give
the increase, had been returned to the grower out of the gross
produce ; otherwise it could not have been said it was the " in-
crease of the seed."
" When the harvest had beene ended, and all gathered, then
the husbandman laid aside his great themma,- otherwise called
the first fruits of his threshing floors, of which it hath beene
spoken in chapter on first fruits ; which, though it were one
of ten, in respect of that portion which the Levites received,
yet it was but one of a hundred in respect of the husbandman's
tocke, who payed the Levites; the Levites payed a tenth por-
tion unto the Priests ; this they termed Siagnasher mim-ham-
magnasher, the tithe• of the tithes, Neh. x. 33. The Pharises
would pay a tenth, Matt. xxiii. 23; and hence it is that they
boasted-, They gave tithes of all that they possessed, Luke
xviii. 12."—Civil and Ecclesiastical Rites, used by the ancient
Hebrews. Dedicated to the Earl of Pembroke, Chancellor of
the University of Oxford. By Thomas Gotiwyn, 8.D., 1634.
" Add to this, that by the tenth part of the lands must ne-
cessarily be meant the tenth part of the profits ; Which must
be owned to be a very forced interpretation, especially in a
primordial act such as this."—Page 111, Rapin's History of
England. See The Sun, Nos. 14,628-14,662'
"No mention, Bishop Barlow observes, is made of tithes
in the grand codes of canons, ending in the year of our Lord
457, (which, next to the. Bible, he considers as the most au-
thentic book in the world). During all that period, there-
fore, bath the clergy and Church appear to have been sup-
ported by the free gifts and other oblations of the pious."—See
Selden on Tithes, and Barb. Rem. 169.
" Tithes, from the Saxon word Teoda, which signifies the
tenth part of a thing, may be clafinett to be the tenth part of
the increase yearly, arising and renewing from the profits of
land, the stock upon lands, and the personal industry ef the in-
habitants.-2 Black. Corn. 24.
" The King, Henry the Fourth, representing to the Parlia-
ment his great want of an _extraordinary aid, the Commons
went in a body and addressed him, That without burdening
his people he might supply his occasion's by seizing the revenues
of the clergy.' The Archbishop of Canterbury resisted—the
Commons brought in a Bill to seize the clergy's revenues—
the solicitations of the Archbishop were so prevalent with the
Lords, that they threw out the Bill, so the Commons were
forced to find other means to supply, the king's occasions ; the
clergy granted a tenth and a half.' --Page 495.
" The Commons, willing to comply with the King's
(Henry V.) demand of a subsidy, presented an address, praying
him to seize the clergy's revenues. The clergy perceiving
their ruin inevitable, came to the resolution to resign a part of
their riches to the King in order to save the rest."—Page 509,
Rapin's History of England.
" It has been presumptuous," so we read in the pithy Exam-
iner,.No. 780, "to dabble in chemistry; to look through a te-
lescope ; to innoculate for the small-pox ; to abate the virulence
of a pestilential disorder by the salutary assistance of a cow ;
lastly, and we trust the argument will be deemed conclusive—
to read the Bible. And in what has all this presumption gene-
rally consisted ? In the anxiety of some men to know more
than it was convenient for other men they should know. The
moment the daring inquirer discovered a truth—a truth !—which
threatened to militate against a profitable system of error, then
the awful secrets' were invaded—the ark of the sanctuary'
disturbed. Any Barabbas of the day was milk-white compared
with the daring offender : in a word, away with him.' Could
great men thunder,' says Shakspeare, ' there would be nothing
but thunder.' Could they make a thirst for knowledge sinful
and presumptuou's, there would be a most inconvenient multipli-
cation of awful secrets.' "
Having now emerged from the honourable estimation in the
community, we take leave to mention a few whose great names
gave permanency to the system.
" Pro .est." " In our opinion, therefore, the land is subjected
to a direct taxation, amounting on the rent, tithe, and poor-rate,
to 33 per cent. !"
On the amendment of the Duke of Wellington upon the Corn
Bill. Signed Duke of Newcastle, Earls Rosslvn and Lauder-
dale.—Journal of the House of Lords.—The 'Times, June 5,
1827. (From the Boston Post.)
"It would shake the foundation of all property in the king- i On Saturday nine seamen were brought before Judge
dog."—Mr. Peel.--The News, Sunday, May 23, 1825. Davis, upon the complaint of E. Smith, jun., Acting
" Because he had an apprehension and timidity." Mr. District Attorney, charging them with a mutiny at sea,
O'Connell, Herald, Dec. 2, 1836.
Authorised Text.-1 Kings, c. xvii. v. 4.—" Thus it shall in February last. Their names are Richard Musserder,
be, thou (Elijah) shalt drink
of the brook, and I have com-
James T. Armstrong, Charles Stone, William Colins,
manded the ravens to feed thee there." Robert Brooks, John Tilton, John Winchester, John
Hebrew —New Translation, Part V.—" Thus it shall be, Johnston, and John Broghton. From several deposi-
thou (Elijah) shall drink of the brook, and I have commanded tions forwarded by Robert H. Hunter, U. S. Consul at
the Arabians to supply thee there." ' Coe-es, the following facts were disclosed .—ln January
V. 6.—" There the Arabians brought for him bread "and
flesh in the morning," Sec. last, the ship' Ulysses sailed from Baltimore for Amster-
-Ist Samuel, c. v., Authorized Version.—" Saul abode in Gi-
dam, with a cargo of tobacco and staves. The crew
beah, under a tree in Ramah." . , consisted of the captain ( Henry Galt), two mates, ten
New Translation—" Now Saul abode by Gibeah in the able-bodied men before the mast,
April, 1811. and steward and cook
grove by Ramah." Classical Journal, p. 203, No. 5 for in all fifteen. On the evening of February 16th,
Twenty-eight years since this emendation was submitted to while the nine prisoners named above were below, a
notice. Therehas been uncommon apathy, or ignorance in oar j heavy squall arose, and the mate ordered them on deck
ouncils. !to take in sail. They refused to obey the order, and
Specimen of emendat;ons to be introduced in Part VIII. : gave for a reason that the did not Song of Solomon, authorized version, chap. let, v. 6.—" I get food enough.
Th y
am black, but comely, 0 ye daughters of Jerusalem, as thee mate repeated his order, and they again refused,
tents of Kedar, ass the curtains of Solomon." unless he would agree that in future their allowance of
victuals should be increased. The mate refused to
Neither in this verse, nor Isaiah, chap. 42, v. 11, is the word
" Kedar"--“ mourning"—translated.make any such condition and reported their prop
nionosition
New Translawhen the habitthation—" I am
of the de dawning lauigghtersht, as tof Je us
compa-
a- to the captain, who directed him to go below
and fetch
up the ringleader, but when he- went down, he found
]em is as the tabernacles of mourning."—See Clasieal Journal,
No. 30, for June 1817; the Examiner, Nov. 3, 1822; the them prepared for a deadly resistance and determined
Examiner,-Sept. 2, 1827 • the Courier, April 23, 1839. not to permit Broghton, their " spokesman," to be taken.
Disturbing the Classical Journals of 1811 and 1817, en.tbo The mate having reported his inability to secure
shelves of the Universities, must be like disturbing bones in Broghton, the captain, armed with his cutlass, went
catacombs.
below and there found Broghton with a pistol and
Colitis with a
" May the' diffusion of knowledge, the increase of religion
'
and morality, and 'the augmented happiness of the people, - _heaver, and the others with knives.—
make.the present reign (era) more glorious than triumphs in tee attempted to lay hold of Colitis, hut was
the field have rendered those that preceded it, and peace have knocked 'down, wounded in the face, and then had his
her victories no Jess renowned than war." legs tied. The mate came to his assistance, and snap-
Reasons in favour of a New Translation of the Holy Scrip- ped, his pistol, which missed fire. He then called out
tures. By Sir James Bland Burgess, Bart. 1819.
" The, matter is highly deserving of attention. It is a
!.o the steward for more priming, and Collins replied,
question of no less magnitude than the choice between a blind Fire and be damned. We have as many pistols as
adhesion to error, and a pure and perfect knowledge of the re_ you have." Collins then pointed his pistol.
vealed law of God. Which of those is preferable—which of The mates fin-ding that they could not contend with
them is it no less the interest than it is the duty of every rea- the mutineers, used all their exertions to release the
sonable being to ado t— admit of a doubt. In such a
captain, and with the assistance of the steward,-dragged
case let us not be alarmed by any vain fear of temporary in-
convenience, which ought not for a moment to weigh against him on deck, all covered with blood. The mutineers
the permanent and incalculable advantages attendant on such did not attempt to' follow, and•taking advantage of this
a measure. Let us, on the other hand, entertain a lively, and, circurnstance,.tbe fofficers suddenly fastened down the
I t'-ust, a well-founded hope, that those who govern our Church
forecastle hatch. They farther secured it by nailing a
and State, may be pleased to take the matter into consi-
deration, and i irect an immediate revision of our Received three inch plank across, and screwing a portion of the
Version, or, what might perhaps be more recommendable, a chain cable upon it. ThUS they were confined and kept
New Translation of the Original Text."—Extracts. upon bread and water day after day. The Captain put
A Reply to the Rev. Mr. Todd's Vindication of our Trans- into Cowes, and reported the state of his crew to the
lation and Translators of the Bible. By Sir James Bland Consul, who, Upon examinatipn, sanctioned his pro.
Burgess, 1820.
" I certainly, therefore, should have considered them as alto- ceedings, and sent the mutineers as prisoners with him
gether undeserving of a reply, had they not been employed as to Amsterdam, where they were transferred to a guard-
a vehicle of much illiberal personality, to which the writer has ship. The Ulysses sailed for Baltimore, and the next
affected to give an additional weight, by ostentatiously an- vessel at Amsterdam, bound to an American port, being
pouncing himself in his title-page, as ' Keeper of the Arch— the York, Captain Larrabee, the prisoners were put on
bishop of Canterbury's Records,' and by dating his preface from The Library, Lambeth Palace.', board of her, and brought to the port of Boston, on
" Such were the birth and parentage of our received ver-
Friday last.
sion, as asserted by Mr. Todd himself, and proved by his own The prisoners were committed for trial at the oc, testimony !No further comment on it is necessary." Suo tober term of the U. S. Circuit Court.
sibi gladio hone jugalo.
" Resting on this evidence, I leave this Charge, and with it
the whole of Mr. Todd's Vindication of cur authorised translae
tion and translators, than which a more meagre, crude, and
unsatisfactory performance, was never obtruded on the public."
" The charge of Socinianism is a mere stale hacknied-trick
of miserable controversialists, when they are reduced to the
paltry shift of calling names, in the hope of thereby escaping
from the effect of arguments, which they are incapable of an-
swering. Does not he know that it was employed against Le
Clere? Did he never hear of a similar charge made against our
immortal Locke ? If such artifices were used against men of
their exalted characters, I can have no pretension to expect a
more liberal treatment."
Rome may say, Let us introduce no change, for WO cannot
tell what further changes may be required of u:.'—Had this
been listened to, neither the Reformation nor the Revolution
could have taken place, and we should have been still subject to
Romish superstition, and to despotic power."
" On the side of those who advocate the necessity of a New
Translation rests the whole weight of facts and arguments. Let
not these be counteracted by less worthy considerations ; let us
not leave to the enemies of Christianity the only weapons by
which it can be assailed ; but let us cordially and sincerely
unite with the learned and pious prelate Archbishop New-
combe, in the prayer with which he concludes his preface.
May the all-wise God, in His fit time, dispose the Sovereign
of the first Protestant Churches, and of the most learned
countries in the world, to complete his true acts of piety, by
promoting equal attention to the English Bible !' "—Extracts.
The Sun, January 28th, 1839, contains an appeal to her
'Most Gracious Majesty.
Digest of the proceeding, publishing, and publicity of the
Work. The Classical Journal, from 1810 to 1818-1848 the
appearance of the First Part. The Sun, Nos. 8,181-8,192.
Review of, and Rejoinder of the Quarterly Review. Reply to,
and Rejoinder from the Author to Quarterly Review.-1819,
First and Second Part of Anti-Deist. Second Part. —lB2O, Cri-
tical Examination of the Objections of Mr. Whitaker, A.M.,
Cambridge. Reasons in favour of a New Translation of the
Holy Scriptures. A Reply to the Reverend Mr. Todd's Vin-
dication of our Authorized Translation and Translators of the
Bible.-1821. The Examiner, Dec. 24,, 1821.—Me. Bella_
my's Reply to S. Lee, A.M., Professor of Arabic in the Uni-
versity of Cambridge. Third 1 art.-1822. Computations in
the Examiner, No. 771.—Aug., Oct., Nov.-1823. Nos, 78,5,.
786, 793. 801, 803.-1824. Nos. 834, 840, 845. In 1825.
Fourth Part. The Times, Saturday, Oct. 16.-1825. The
Durham Chronicle, Saturday, July 16. The Liverpool
Sa-
turday
Advertiser,
July 23 ;and the Norwich Mercury, Satur-
day, August 13, 1825. In 1827.—N05. 1,021, 1,092. The
Examiner, Vol. 111., No. 34 and No. 69. Galway Indepen-
dent, 182!, Nos. 1,049, 1,050, 1,057.—The Examiner. In
1831, Part sth ;in 1834', Part 6th ;in 1835, Part the 7th. In
1837—The Sun, Not. 14,056, 14,062, and 14,080. In 1838—
The Guide, Nos. 48,49. The Sun, Ne. 14,447, In 1839
Nos. 14,465, 14,468, 14,475, 14,482, 14,606. Nos. 14,628.
July 25th, 14,652, 14,653, 14,662, to the latter we lay
fr re no re p
om -
tension, the insertions each, issuing 3,500 per day—a
souls of kindred fire—who in this glorious field fight together
with us in our chivalry—who have allied themselves with us
in this arduous strife to " do that deed which shall gild our
humble names."
To decry supineness on the part of her Majesty's Govern-
ment in not acting upon the precedent of James the First as de-
reliction of duty, would be fustian and farrago ; the precedent
any longer laying in abeyance is tantamount to misprision of
treason.
• By Appointment : Budd and Catkin. Booksellers to her Ma-
jesty, Pail-mall; Longman, Rees, Orme, and Brown, St.
I Paul's, London.

HATTON-GARDEN.
ASSMILT BY Two BROKER'S MEN. Yesterday,
Edward Beckwith and John Roper, who represented
themselves as two broker's men, were placed at the bar
charged with assaulting Edward Mackenzie Meredith,
on the 27th of July.last. The prisoners have been in
custody ever since the commission of the offence with
which they are charged, as it was considered by no
means improbable that death might ensue, in conse-
quence of the injuries the prosecutor had sustained ; but
in consequence of the length of time which had elapsed,
Mr. Combo deemed it advisable to dispose of the case
without further delay.
Martha Bartlett resides in Bell-court, Gray's-inn-
lane, opposite the prosecutor, who keeps a coal shed,
On the night of the 27th of July last, about eleven
o'clock, saw the prisoners bring Meredith, who was
insensible at the time, out of his own house, and lay
him down on the pavement and leave him there. It
was a wet night. She remonstated with Roper, who
said he knew what he was doing. The two prisoners
then went into Meredith's house. She remained with
Meredith, who continued insensible until a policeman
arrived, who carried him into his own house.
Mary Maguire heard Meredith, on the evening in
question, cry out " Murder," and saw him remove his
shop shutters to get in through the window, having
been turned out by the door. The prisoners followed
him in. She corroborated the testimony of the last
witness.

Two medical men deposed that the prosecutor had
remained up to the present period speechless and pwag..
lyscd, and that it was exceedingly improbable he would
ever recover, although he might linger a long while.
The paralysis was occasioned by intense excitement, tha
consequence of terror.
The prisoners, who reserved their defence, were re-
manded until Tuesday.
Mr. COMBE said he would take substantial bail, them-
selves in 1001. and two sureties in 50/. each, for their
appearance.

- ~....,.................. OM
DESPERATE MUTINY AT SEA.

ADJOURNED INQUES r ON ALD-
RIDGE THE POLICEMAN.

During the whole of yesterday morning great excite-
.ment prevailed in Deptford, Greenwich, &c., and oppo-
site. to the station-house, Blackheath-hill, where the
eleven prisoners, whose names have already appeared,
and two others
.snbsequeutly captured, viz., John Burke
and Wm. Saltvvell, were confined, a large concourse of
peesbris had assembled, among whom were a vast num-
ber of females, anxious to get a glimpse ofthe prisoners.
l'he prisoners were, as on the preiious examination,
' conveyed' in an omnibus, escorted by a strong body of
*dice, to thelSiin Inn, 'Lee, and on arriving there it
appeared, from the immense quantity of people assem-
bled; that the intense interest which this case has created
ii'bino Means diminished. The room in which the in-
quest waSlield was much crowded, and some of the
neighbouring Magistrates were in attendance to witness
the proceedings. Shortly alter two o'clock the Coroner,
J. C CARTTAR, Esq., arrived, and the business com-
menced.
Mr. Downing, the surgeon, having been re-examined
as to the nature of the wound, a number of witn.!sses
were called, but their evidence amounted to very little,
with the exception of that of George Baker, GO R, who
identified one of the prisoners. His evidence was to the
following effect :

--- -
I took John Burke into custody on Monday in con-
sequence of observing him in the mob, near the Tele-
graph. I saw him kick the deceas-A, and I saw him
throw a stone which struck deceased on the head, he ex-
claiming at the same time, There, you b---, how do
you like that." I met the prisoner on Sunday last and
took him into custody. He sa;d he would go with me,
and I said I meant he should. I was taking off my
gloves and he ran away and got into a lions'. in Down-
ing-street, Deptford, No. 40, and the door was closed.
Most of the other witnesses gave their evidence with
great unwillingness. •

At a quarter to eight o'clock the Jury retired, and,
on their return, delivered a verdict of " Wilful Murder
against William Calvert, and also against John Pine,
William l'ine, and John Burke, as acting and assisting
in the offence, and the Jurors express their approba-
tion of the moderation of the police on this trying oc-
casion."

EFFECTS OF READING IN BED.---Yesterday
morning, at half-past four o'clock, a fire broke out in the
bed-room in the upper part of the house of Mr. Hardy,
bookseller and stationer, No. 43, Upper Marylebone-
street, Cavendish-square, which burnt furiously for some
time, and great damage was sustained before the flames
were extinguished. The fire was caused by a lady, a
lodger, reading in bed, and falling asleep, when the
candle fell on the bed-clothes. She had a narrow es-
cape of her life.

_.,...._
,)
On Monday a *eve and important class of " mannface
tnring-art-and machinery" was- openpi to the students
,Di this institutioaby Mr. Edward Cowper. It helongs to
the -department of civil cneibeering and science 'applied
to the arts and manufactures, and arose Won -an acknowee
ledgement of the want, of a system of education suitable
to young men intended for the -profession of civil en- '
g• ineers The subject having for a considerable time oc- •
cupied the a.ttention of the Council, they arranged in the
year 1838 a plan, which was then - presented to the
public,
with the view of giving a scientific education
to those who professionally or otherwise desired to -
obtain it. These views of the Council having been
fully justified by the success which has attended the
measure, they decided upon incorporating wish it a
course of instruction having a special -referenee to
the arts and manufactures of the countrp and
with: his view appointed Mr. Cowper the lecturer on
manufacturing art and machinery. The objects of the
lectures and instructions in this section are to farthli. I
arize the student with the machinery and contrivance -
in actual use, thus adding a kaowledge of pratetice-to
the knowledge of theory taught by the professorse Te
effect these, machines will not only be described to
general terms, but their various details, and the design
of each particular construction, will be explained and >
illustrated by drawings or models. The observation,
judgment, and invention of the students will be exee-
~
cised by experiments made by themselves, and by visits
to various manufactories and other works, to which ac-
cess has been liberally granted by the proprietors and ,
directors, and where they will be accompanied by the
lecturer, who will give explanations on the spot.
Mr. COWPER having explained the princples flpo
SELFISHNESS AND INSINCERITY OF THE' WESLEYANS.
which his class would be conducted, sells' that be ha
But our course may also be thought, if not wrong,
at least unadvisable by some few Churchmen, who will selected for his first lecture a subject of much interest
urge that as the Wesleyans are Conservatives in poll-
and importance, that of the printing machine. He„
tics, friendly to the Church, enemies of the Govern- alluded first to the near approach to the discovery
of • -
ment scheme of education, and are generally taking our
re the art of printing
of
part against the Papists and some other enemies, it is remote date ; the Bab at three different erasdonish brick of 4,000 years •
haraohs
good policy not to oppose them, at least just now. Now ago ; a seal of one of the P
one of the pyramids, or a date, found in
of -0,000
if all this were perfectly true of the Wesleyans, we
years ; and some stamps from Herculaneum, which
should nevertheless feel it to be our duty, as servants of
were 0,000 years old. It would appear that at Mese
God, to oppose their unscriptural errors and practices,
three different periods they were on the threshold of this al
and their schismatical conduct. It is certainly true that important art, as was shown by the facility with wieace,..
they have opposed the infidel and Popish education on the application of ink upon models of -.hese the
scheme of the Ministers, but we have strong reasons to instances, very correct and powerful impresaions wrtre
believe that their opposition arose from considerations obtained. Reverting from ancient instriptions to Ile
of self-interest, and not from friendly feelings towards modern improvements in the application of machinery
the Church. They are constantly encouraging each to printing, having described the Stanhope press, the
other with the notion that at no very distant time they lecturer gave the history of the various improve-
andments in steam-machinery for printing newspapers.
will possess themselves of our Churches and our property
privileges ; and it is therefore not very likely that
The idea first suggested by Nicholsoeaaand for which
they will allow the Papists or any others to take
that which they have marked out for themselves, when he obtained a patent, was broueghtipto practicaluse by Mr. Konig, a Saxon gentleittan, and sub-
they shall have become strong enough, as they soon hope
to be, to take possession of it. If the Church places sequently improved upon by Messrs Applajarth
the slightest reliance upon the Wesleyan sect, she and Cowper, and Mr. Napier. The'effectie of 41sese
will find it, like Egypt of old, a broken reed improvements, although so palpable wieh respect to news-
which will pierce her hand. So far are the Wes-
paper printing, are equally advantegeo,ue ip,,thst print-
ing of books, of which several instances were adduced,.
leyans- from - being friendly to the Church, except
particularly with regent to, ...the Penny; kat" Satur-
occasionally,. and to suit a temporary purpose, that day Magazines, which are, reprinted . in- no leis then
we confidently appeal to the country clergy and twelve different languages, the wood-cuts being etereb-
Churchmen in general, whether they be not really the typed and sent from London for the reprint. • Of these
most indefatigable and unscrupulous enemies with which two magazines, with the Edinburgh Annual: no felts
we have to contend. 'We speak of them generally : than 336,000 penny books circulated, from ,Landon
there are still remaining some very honourable and ex-
every week to all parts of the kingdom.. These did net
emplary exceptions, but generally they are more bitter
contain within them an immoral sentence ; -and,. whils+.
against the Church and the Clergy, and are doing more
ie
real mischief than any other sect, or any other two sects, the mass of good so greatly preponderates, there is
thing to fear from the limited circulation .0 journaLs of
of Dissenters in the country. Nor is their hostility the
less successful because it, is occasionally attempted to an opposite tendency. The application of steam ma- '
chinery to printing -was becoming still more extensively
be concealed under a few gratuitous and often evidently-
developed ; as for wood and medallic engraving,- sack for,
afi2eted professions of friendship. All this is well known
maps and copies of drawings for,schcrols, lately ihtrn-
to the Clergy in the country villages and small towns
`fused by the Society for the Diffusion. of-s Christian
where Wesleyans are seen at work, and cannot throw a
cloak over their designs and operations.
Knowledeea—these last are prodUced by a very itige-
nious modification of the 'Machinery and rolleis used by
HOSTILITY OF THE WESLEYANS TO THE CHUECH.
Then again the works • which are constantly being calico-printers, by raised suefaces on copper ; and from
published by the Wesleyan Conference, and the
the low price at which well executed specimenyean be
'cyan preachers in their individual capacity, distributed Wes-
furnished, will no doubt lead to making instruction in
and drawing a part of general instruction.
v
oice,
over the face of the country, all proclaim, as with one geography
................—,—...........—.
voice, positive, indisputable, and bitter hatred against CITY CORPORATION REFORAI.—!-At a Corn.
dism" now before us, written, as w
the Church. "The Centenary of Wesleyan Metbo- mon Council held yesterday, Mr. Wheeler moved that
we have alread y said, the Report of the Committee on Corporation Itetnrrn lie
by the President of the Conference, who is known
to be agreed to. Mr. Wire moved the previbus question,
sect, contains much direct hostility to the Church which ae
one of the least bigoted and mo-t moderate of the whole
was carried by a majority Of one ; th:s numbers
besides a vast number of insinuations and im pli , for the previous question being 61, and for receiving
cations, the Report, 60. The first motion for reforming abuses
which leave an impression upon the ignorant and bigoted in the Corporation has thus been swamped,.
mind, quite as unjust and mischievous as direct asser-
A nHARTIST AND THE BISHOP OF DURHAM.
k., tions of enmity. Every Number issued of " the Wes-
icyan Methodist Magazine," which is the authorized or-
—A paragraph is "going the rounds," stating it to be
gam of the sect, and edited by the President of the untrue that the Bishop of Durham was assaulted at
Conference, is fraught with indirect, direct, and not un- Shields. The Chartist who engaged his Lordship in
frequently unchristian and bigoted hostility to the
controversy at the steam ferry, we were told, took the
Church. In the memoirs, of which this periodical con- Rev. Prelate by the collar in the heat of argument.we were misinformed we did injusti
If' e to the good,
tains a considerable number, it is remarkable how
manners of the Chartist, and gladly correct our erimee.—
frequently it is recorded of the subjects of them,
that they were brought up in the Church, and Gateshead Observer.
either remained ignorant of the truth or walked POISONS.—PARIS ACADEMY OF AIf3DICINN. '—
A communication was made from M. Orfira, in calla-
according to the light they had ; but found no
pletion of his method for discovering arsenic id 'the
rest until something of the miraculous led them
amongst the Wesleyans, when all that was made
human body, in cases of poisoning. It is,he 'mintiest well knower
right in a very short space of time, which the Church had that he has fully succeeded in cletecting t
portions of this mineral, by boiling thosubstancevaiinds
signally failed to accomplish in some instances in the
t:at. !But be half '
course of a long period of strict attention, to all that then applying chemical tests to thereaa
she enjoins. In short, Churchmen are miserably dark afterwards inquired, whether arsenic dnight-nat-ems
-
and groping formalists and the Wesleyans perfection in all human bodies, independently of poisoning
itself. , Whether it might not be introdUced into the body. hy
means of chemical tests, and the apparatus used in
WEELEYANISM, A NEW RELIGION, INVENTED BY JOHN
searching for it in such cases ? and, whether it atig.hr
WESLEy.
not also be
,communicated from the euth in whichlin
It is quite clear that neither of the two sects just corpse might have been interred ?
sUppositions are all possible. and notref
named, or any one of the others which might be .
that tilde three.• Me ,has dikediered
named, has any foundation whatever in the word of
unfrequent occurrenee ; but he has also shown that the
God, nor were they ever heard of in the world until the
days of their respective " fathers and founders." Of arsenic obtained by his boiling prooeas confret be naj?..,
this fact, as it regards Wesloyanism, the book before
us taken for the arsenic introduced by either'olthe terep
furnishes abundant evidence, even from its title, which
above hypothetical causes, and has. laida down preciee4
declares that Wesleyanism is a new religion, a mere in- rules for making the distinction.
thei tntont is
is
ofd rdreertil;s4sat
vention contrived by John he has rendered great service to Wesley, and now precisely a
medicine.
nEl\cimer.RwTNit°l7vtnhilee (IcliCritexehii toKon set ha's;
hundred years old, whilst the Church of Christ is
eighteen hundred years of age.
tsi3hi nee gnEtcßosh
1 Bench
O:Ss hare i
tsßdhshEi
eeotsnh Commissioners Dn Ga cMonday,
communicatedoNrtaL
o f Land ti
A l
and ' ' ‘'
N Test'
ss e s t Ila
e ale '
IGNORANCE OF THE WESLEYAN TEACHERS —THEIR
1 r,
PERVERSION OF SCRIPTURE.
Mr. Jackson has placed upon the title-page of his Clerk
book the following passage of holy writ :--''' Jose his Taxetse,das to the right of the Commissioners -to be de-
., Esquiees," and had ascertained that tiaaie
a fruitful bough, even a fruitful bough by a
hw:vle
siagsnano commission issued direct from her Majesty, Ikt
whose branches run over the wall ; the archers
sorely grieved him, and shot a' him, and hated
ofhi'm ; thew Commissioners were appointed by Act of Parlia-
hismeat, and, therefore, were not entitled to the deal na-
but his bow abode in strength, and the arms
0,. "Esquires."
He had also, be, the directiong of
hands were made strong by the hands of the mighty lion t
This is a part the Bench, applied to the Heralds' College on the sub-
God of Jacob ;" Genesis 49, 22-24.
of the prophetic and beautiful longue!e of the patri- jest, and had been informed by the proper authorities
0- to his be- , that they knew no reason why Commissioners of Lewd
arch Jacob, when giving his dying Lire'
Yanclson intends and Assessed Taxes should be termed " Essjuires." Thew
loved son Joseph. And whether.
had even in addition said they knew very little about
it to be considered as applicable eith,eur'stto
sJaoyhnollaVtesl:7o
the matter. After some argument, unient, the Bench deeged
or to Wesleyan Methodism,
that, although Commissionersg of Sewers were entitled to
never saw a grosser perversionwoef tnwhel word of God in
in which the
our lives. And if such be designated as " Esquires," the Commissionersof eynt of the As-
ScripturesCon-
are perverted by sessed. 'faxes were not, and consequently the claim wool
bt.ehetPhercsiel
disallowed.
what who is a sort of temporary Pope of Methodism, ,
a last, as
what can be expected from the less informed teachers
SINGULAR ACCIDENT.---On Monday .
in the Wesleyan connexion, many ofwhom are utterly
extremely illiterate ?
in one of its n,arrosvemt
ignorant of the Bible,a string of' horsesi fromwhliiisotwden fair was' procnedsce
through Retfore, and .
It is awful to contemplate the mischief that is doing
the perversions of the Scriptures !
the souls of men by . , -to 1 thoroughfares, the mail-coach, coming in a cil:Rbretlt •
which the teachers of Dissent, and more especially the out a piece of the tete
splinter-bar, and actually tore
.
' direction, caught the last horse in the train against
.
weighing
,upward:
.ci.. flirt*,
lower teachers of Wesleyanisrn and its several of
shoots, put forth in their preachings. from the animals thigh,
WESLEYANS LITTLE BETTER THAN IDOLATERS. who calmly took it up and actually ran aNcfiy for rbi
pounds, which was caught up by a dog neat bbe Islmxt,
The country is, of course, represented as enveloped purpose of
in the grossest spiritual darkness, in order that the fortable meal.
, Many persons witnessed this tingul*
enjoying for once .in his life a warp and sow
vouch the truth of the stittement
glories of John lyesley and Wesleyan Methodism may ; transaction who can
Aline forth with the 'greater brightness. Indeed, WPC l here given. —Doacaster Gazelle.

CUPIDITY AND FRAUD OF THI WESLEYANC.
The \Vesleyans have drained, we believe, above two
hundred thousand pounds out of the people within the
last year, by *•ay of celebrating the " Centenary of
We3leyanism." And when we consider the quarterly
ticket money, the weekly pennies, and the constantly-
recurring collections which they make ; together with
the vast sums which they draw from the people to build
their meeting-houses, and otherwise to support their un-
scriptural machinery ; and then add to all this, the
money gathered together for similar purposes by the
teachers of the other sects of Dissenters, with the ex-
penses to which the people are put to feast them all
when they go their preaching rounds, we are astonished
that the people of England should patiently submit to
the payment of so heavy an annual tax upon their
industry, and upon their credulity. The people are de-
ceived and cheated out of their money by false pre-
tences ; the teachers of each sect pretending that they
are more holy than others, and preach the Gospel in
greater purity than it can be had elsewhere. But of
course it cannot, after a moment's reflection, be believed
that all the sects preach the Gospel in its purity ; since
it is notorious to all the world that they contradict and
oppose each other with all the wordly-mindedness and
fierceness of rival tradesmen. But the real and undis-
guised matter of fact is, that all the money which the
dissenting teachers drain out of the people is virtually
spent for the propagation of error, falsehood, and fana-
ticism.