The Sun.
London, England, 1839-01-21 00:00:00

HIGH WATE.

AT L

ing 52 nu :nles

RIDGE TO-MORROW,
enin

19 minutes after 7

NEW BOOKS RELATING TO
THE STATE OF AFFAIRS IN THE EAST,
Just published by Mr. BENTLEY.

I.
MR. BAILLIE FRASER'S WINTER JOURNEY (TATAR)
From CONSTANTINOPLE to TEHRAN,
With TRAVELS through various PARTS of PERSIA, KHO-
RASAN, he.
2 vols. Bvo., with Plates.
" We cordially recommend this amusing book of travels to our
readers. Mr. Eraser's hardships in his Tatar ride, his observatkin
during his sojourn in the Persian cities, and am, ng the great rner,,
and the particulars of his travels among the Tureoman trilves, are
all most interesting."—Times.

IL
The Hon. MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONT'S ACCOUNT
of the KINGDOM of CA UI3UL, and its D'LPENDENCIES
in PERSIA, TARTARY, ar.d INDIA.
A New and Revised Edition, Additions.
2 vols. Bvo., with Map and miPrierous Plates, price 28s.
" A standard work ; valuable at all times as a history of a pecu-
liar nation ; but of particular interest and utility at present, on ,"—spectator.
ac-
count of our Indian relation
CAPTAIN CON(ALY'S JOURNEY to the NORTH of
INDIA OVERLA:ND from ENGLAND, by WAY of PERSIA.
N,,,w Edition, revised, with Additions.
2 vols. 8"•3 -with Map by Arrowsmith of the Countries lying be-
tween England and the East Indies, and other Plates, price 245.
" The literary merits of Captain Conolly's and the Hon. Mpunt-
stuart -Elphinstone's works, are too well established to need discus-
sion. Recent events have, however, given great importance as well
'as interest to the subjects of which they treat."—Athenaeum.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street,
Publisher in Ordinary to Her Majesty.

NOW READY,
In 2 large vols. Bvo., with Portraits, price 285.,
SPARKS' LIFE of WASHINGTON,,,
With his DIARIES, SPEFA:,'HES, &c.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Goat Marlborough-street.
a To be had of All Booksellers.

HIS Majesty the EI'iIPEROR of AUSTRIA,
His Majesty the EMPEROR of RUSSIA,
His llNesty `..ne KING of PRUSSIA,
having A UTHORIS'ED and GUARANTEED several Distribu-
tions of Money, w'nich (though they are NO LOTTERIES, and
do NOT EXPOSE the Shareholders to Blanks) offer possibilities
of obtaining

LARGE FORTUNES,
HEINE BROTHERS at HAAIBURGII, and
HEINE BROTHERS at LUBECK,
Igae ceased to contract for Lotteries, but are NOW SELLING
SHARES for any of the said DISTRIBUTIONS of MONEY,
at various trices. The Distributions contain various portions from
91. to 20.000/. and upwards. Orders for less than 101. cannot be
attended to. Persons desirous to purchase may receive PRE-
VIOUS to giving anv orders, the Prospectus and particulars, upon
addressing, WITHOUT DELAY, a line to
HEINE BROTHERS a. HAMBURGH.

Tie publication of Tau SUN NEWSPAPER commenced this day
at 50 minutes past Three o'clock.

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WITH WHICH
THE "TRUE SUN " is NOW
INCORPORATED.

LONDON :
MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 21, 1539.

We cordially echo the recommendation of the
Morning Post to the agriculturists, " to exert them-
selves and to be prepared to lay their petitions for con-
tinued and unaltered protection upon the tables of both
Houses of the Legislature at the earliest possible mo-
ment. The agricultural classes are called upon," acids
our Contemporary, " by every consideration of duty to
themselves, and to the nal:ion at large, to hasten for-
ward with their loud air:t earnest petitions to the Legis-
lature against any 'alteration whatever of the existing
system of Pro`-ection." The manufacturing classes,
by asking ;.n the first instance to be heard at the
bar Of r...-arliament, explicitly declare that they want
invcs'ogation ; and the petitions of the agricultu-
rj'As, though they be limited to demanding " con-
tinued and unaltered protection," cannot fail to
promote that which the manufacturers so earnestly
desire. We, therefore, reiterate the words of the
Post :—Petition, agriculturists, by all means, and from
every hamlet and farm in the united empire. Then
the world will be quite convinced that the paramount
necessity of the matter, and no party intrigue, forces it
on Parliament, and forces the Parliament to occupy
itself with that one question to the exclusion of every
other. So it will be the more speedily and finally
settled. The absurdity of the Tory Journals, particularly
the Times, stigmatizing the agitation as a trick of the
Ministers, is manifest by the fact that wheat is selling
in some markets at 90s. the quarter. The discussion
is forced on the public by circumstances. If the
Tories, however, will call it a party question, and fight
against the seasons, we can only rejoice in their folly,
and gratefully take as our allies the powers of Nature.
In the first week of the present year the average
price of six weeks which regulated the duty was
775. 3d. ; the average price of the first week
in 1836, was 365. But these sums show
the average prices during one-eighth of the year
over the whole of England, and the variations in
the different markets of- which these averages are
the sum, must have been much greater. For example,
wheat has within a fortnight been sold in several parts
of England for 905., and it was sold, in the beginning
of 1836, in some markets, for 325. The difference
between the averages in these years is above 100 per
cent. ; the difference between the extremes, in three
years, is nearly at the rate of 200 per cent. Variations
like these remind us of the middle ages, ere commerce had
come into existence, and when each country was ex-
clusively limited to its own narrow resources. They
exemplify the wisdom of Lord GRENVILLE'S protest,
that Corn-laws " deny us the benefit of that provision
which Providence has made for equalizing to man the
variations of climate and of seasons."

Some important considerations grow out of these
variations. It is perfectly clear from the difference be-
between the extremes and the averages of only six
weeks, and of the markets of one single country above
referred to, that the averages of the whole corn-grow-
ing and commercial world, between 1836 and 1839,
offer no such disastrous differences as have existed iiln

our market. They are wholly caused, therefore, by
the Corn-laws, which limit us to our own soil ; and,
though trade be the soul of our national greatness,
strike off an immense branch of trade. But for the
Corn-laws, therefore, and with free trade in corn, the
average price of wheat in England through
those three years would have gravitated to a
point somewhere about 505., and would not have
-varied 20 per cent. on either side. The enormous
variation beyond that of 100 per cent. on the aver-

ages, or 200 per cent. on the extremes, is wholly caused
by the Corn-laws. But the price of corn determines,
all other prices, which is one reason assigned for up-
holding the Corn-laws ; and those laws, therefore, have
actually caused, within three years, a variation of cent.
per cent. in the value of all the property in the
kingdom. Against such variations no prudence can
guard, to meet them no calculation is equal, and
no national prosperity can resist them. No person
has yet supposed that the depreciation to be caused
by the abolition would equal that caused by the
laws themselves, which actually took place in 1335,
and 1836. If the landlords have got through that
without ruin, they will surely survive the far less depre-
ciation which will be caused by the total abolition.
Every general line of human conduct has its basis
on some great natural fact;
and
thus
the
great series of
transactions called mercantile speculation, which con-
sists in buying when and where goods are cheap, and
selling them when and where they are dear, is based
on the variations in the seasons in different years and
different countries. Speculation is about commen-
surate to these variations ; and thus we may be confi-
dent that the unhealthy speculations which have taken
place in this country since 1815, deranging and con.. vulaing all commerce, have had for their chief cause I