The Sun.
London, England, 1837-10-06 00:00:00

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The publication of THE SUN NEWSPAPER commenced this day
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LOND ON :
FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6, 1837.

The excellent speech delivered by Lord BROUGHAM
in the House of Lords, in June last, on the business
of Parliament, has, we are glad to see, been published
in a separate form, by I? IDG WAY and Sons. There
has been for some time a general complaint that no
business is done by the Lords during the first part of
the Session of Parliament, and very little during the
last. The justice of this complaint cannot, we think,
be denied. The question is, where lies the blame ?
What is the cause of this great national evil—for
such it undoubtedly is—and what the remedy ? These
are the important points to which Lord BROUGHAM
ti;ects the attention of the legislature and of the
&lilt:try, in a speech which, if the subject affords no
srupe for the exercise of those powers of oratory in
v.li,ch Lord BROUG HA M excels all living men, proves
t' at he at home in dealing with matters of
;11• most minute detail as in generalizing facts, and ap-
at orinciples to the purpose of practical le-

piing gre

LitlOf.

the Noble and L2arned Lord comincnces
Ispch by illustrating the do-nothingness of the
,:use of Lords in the following very satisfactory man-

\%r have bee❑ sitting between four and five months,
and we have done little or nothing. We have passed one
B!iT which at first gave rise to some discussion on one or
two particular points, but, in the shape in which it has
nolr passed, it is identically the same that was adopted
be a Committee of your Lordships' House two years ago.
That Bill was this year moved by the Master of the Rolls.

It was found that four or five alterations had been made
in the measure of 1835. I took occasion to express my
sionbts as to some of those alterations, and my decided
0,14,-,ction to others. The alterations have been, one after
areoliter, abandoned, and the Bill left the (louse in all its
pro'visions identically the same with the measure which
left the Committee two years ago, having then come up
from -the House of Commons. I cannot, then, congratulate
your Lordships on having done much in passing that Bill.
'Then, there i$ another—the Municipal Corporation Bill
—a measure of great importance, no doubt, but one that
;underwent, last Session, very severe scrutiny in a Committee
of your Lordships, and it might as well have passed last
year. But, with the exception of these two Bills, has any
one thing been done this Session, to the fifth month of
which we are now arrived ? There is, in fact, absolutely
nothing, with the exception, indeed, of your agreeing to
the resolutions against the province of Canada. Upon
those resolutions your Lordships unanimously concurred
with the other House. As Bayes says in the Rehearsal,
6. When t'aey do agree, their agreement is wonderful."
Upon those resolutions, and the unhappy proceedings of
this House respecting them, I have often before stated
my opinion, and to repeat it now would be unavailing.
This, then, is all we have done ; and any other Bills sub-
mitted to your consideration must be brought forward at
so late a period, that it will be almost impossible to give
them any kind of attention. The case is precisely the
same as it was in the Session of 1835. Nothing is done
in the eginning of the Session ; indeed, hardly anything
until the _month of July, when the whole of the business
is thrown. upon us ; and that is crowded into three or four
weeks, which, to be fairly done,—to be efficiently accom-
plish.d, after being deliberately considered,—ought to be
spread over the whole of the seven months."

Lord BROUGHAM regrets that there should be so
great a diisinclination to originate measures in the
House of Lords, and is of opinion that, though there
may lie many measures which, in the present state oi
parties, it may be desirable to introduce into the House
of Commons before they are submitted to the hereditary
wisdom of the country, there are others which might ad-
vantageously be laid before that Assembly in the first
instance, and serve to take away in some degree the
reproach under which it now labours. The privileges
of the Commons likewise stand in the way of the
public business.
" Those privileges," observes Lord Brougham, " prevent
the introduxtion into your Lordships' House of many mea-
sures, whii.th are either money bills or are mixed up with
money clauses ; and of the operation of these exclusive
privileges of the other House we had some experience in
the Dublin Police Bill, a few nights ago. The conse-
quence is, -that a vast proportion of bills is admitted not to
he within the original jurisdiction of this House, and only
reeei vable here after passing the other House of Parlia-
ment. A.t one time it was supposed that these privileges
-,Atended much further, and that no bill in which penalties
were introduced could originate in this House. The incon-
venience sras long submitted to ; but the mischief we are
now complaining of,—viz., the postponement of the busi-
ness of the House during the first months of the Session,
—was so much felt, that it was found necessary to bring the
subject forward in the other House ; and my Right Hon.
Friend the Member for Montgomeryshire (Mr. Wynne),
in concurrence with the then Speaker (Lord Canterbury),
carried resolutions which enabled you to originate in this
House bills with penalties. Now that relaxation of the
Commons' privileges might be extended a good deal fur-
ther, with,out in any way interfering with what is most
justly recorded as the exclusive right of the Commons,
vii., that of levying taxes upon the people, and appropriat-
ingtheir produce. Without infringing upon that un-
doubted privilege, I cannot help thinking that some further
relaxaticm might be made in Parliamentary practice which
would 1.)f) attended with the best consequences to the public
business--would tend to the improvement of legislation,
ti; well as the convenience of Members in both Houses of
Parliament, and would, especially, spread the business of
this House more equally over the Session.
There is a second cause of obstruction, to which, how-
ever, I shah only advert, because it unquestionably is the
right of parties to exercise their own discretion, in which
House they shall choose to present their Bills, and this
cannot be made matter of regulation, either as to public
c: to private Bills. I must say, however, that the
general and the just complaint of the whole Govern-
ment business being postponed to the end of the Session
leads to the expression of a desire that the Government
should begin earlier, and begin in this House whatever inta-
sures can be introduced here. My observation is not: di-
rected against the present Government or the last—against
this Parliament or the preceding one ; the system is; in
fault, and individuals ought not to bear the blame.

Lord BROUGHAM then notices the immense ills-
proportion between the business commenced awl that
completed by the House of Commons every session.
During the first week of last session a hundred notiovs

of motions were placed on the books, very few of
which ever proceeded a step farther, while the great
mass of private bill business, which is forced through
the House by the exertions of the parties interested in
them, is necessarily clone in a' very imperfect manner.
The average number of these private Acts passed during
the last five years is 161. To such an extent
has this passion for local legislation been indulged, that
some towns, during the last twelve years, have had as
many as twenty, and one even twenty three, Acts of
Parliament, passed to regulate their separate affairs and
interests. Of this particular species of legislation, the
reign of WILLIAM IV. saw no less than 24,000 folio
pages added to the statute-book !
The mischief arising out of this frightful extent
of crude law-making may be conceived by any one
who takes the trouble to think upon the subject.
Those who `►ill not think for themselves will profit by
reading the following passage in the speech before us :

" I have stated the number of Acts passed in the last
twelve years for some of the great towns. This species of
legislation, however, is not confined to towns ; separate pa-
rishes have their numerous Acts also. In Marylebone alone
since the year 1795, the local legislation fills a volume con-
taining 480 pages ; being much greater, I will not say, than
the Code of Napoleon, but certainly than the Code Civile.
Now each of those numberless Acts, I beg your Lordships
to recollect, has the effect of suspending, changing, or re-
versing the law of the land, in particular cases, and wholly
interrupting the exercise of the most important private
rights ; altering the law under which men have made their
contracts, held their property, settled their affairs, and un-
der the shelter of which they supposed themselves safe ;
giving rights whiCh the law repudiated, powers which the
law abhorred—authorising some men to do what the
law prohibited to all, and sanctioning that as lawful,
which the general law of the land denounced, for-
bade, compensated, punished. That such Legisla-
tive operations as these should be performed in haste,
without the caution and the circumspection which their
transcendent nature demands—that the rights of parties
should be violated by special enactments contrary to the
general law of the land, without the fullest notice, the
amplest opportunity of resistance,—without throwing wide
open the doors of Parliament to all whose interests might
by possibility be affected, is utterly inconceivable, and would
be intolerable if it came to pass. But it is not enough
that notice should be given, and the doors flung open to all
parties, nor even that those parties should enter in and
attend the proceedings ; it is absolutely necessary, if the
most flagrant injustice and oppression are to be avoided,
that they should be fully heard, and patiently listened to,—
that the Court should not proceed a step without hearing
them ; and that when it does come to a decision, none
should presume to take a part in the determination but those
who have listened to the whole matter upon which they are
judging. In a Court of Law, where the question is of fact
merely, or of applying the known and existing law to the
particular case, what should we say if we were told that a
Judge who had not heard the evidence, or the argument,
had pronounced a decision affecting any party to the amount
of the fraction of a farthing, while those who had heard
the cause abstained from taking any part in the decision ?
I put it to any man, be he lawyer or layman, whether such
a stateincut would 119 t instantly be rejected as inconcAv-
able ? I grieve, however, to say, that as what seems im-
possible sometimes turns out to be true, so what would be
regarded as inconceivable in an ordinary judicial proceeding,
has constantly come to pass in the exercise of high legisla-
tive functions in both Houses of Parliament. I seek not
to cast blame on any individuals ; it is the system of which
I complain,—the practice which by long usage has grown
up and become inveterate. With regard to Members of
the House of Commons, the case is, indeed, different from
ours. Men act there under the influence, not merely of
the importunity of friends, which may he resisted, but the
importunity of constituents, which cannot be so easily
disregarded."

There are no '.:aunts of vice on earth, we believe,
where so much iniquity is committed as in the Com-
inittee-roonis of the House of Commons. It is well
known to all who are in the least acquainted with the
mode of getting private Bills through the House, that
there is not one in a hundied'fairly passed. The Com-
mittee appointed to examine into the merits of the
Bill can be so managed by a skilful agent as
to make any report that suits his purpose. Let any
impartial person read the subjoined statement of Lord
BRouGuAm, made, not hastily and inconsiderately—
not without book, as speakers sometimes do—but
with the record of the proceedings in his hand—and
say what confidence can be placed in the report of a
Committee of the House of Commons on a Private
Bill :

" The attendance of the Members on railway commit-
tees is, by a late standing order, recorded in the votes ;
and I find from that record of their proceedings, which I
hold in my hand, that the attendance on one Bill which I
will not name, or refer to further than to say, that it has
been before the House this Session, was as follows :—At
the first meeting of the committee there were present 48
Members, then 40, then 44, then 42, and then 40. I will
suppose that every one parson who was entered as nomi-
nally attending did attend the whole time ; but it is pos-
sible that only five or six out of the 40 gave a continued
attendance, and that the rest came occasionally, and went.
The average attendance for the six first days was 43 ; but
the committee did not rest on the seventh day ; on the
contrary, there was an unusual attendance ; it looked as if
they were disposed to work double tides : suddenly, the
number who appeared rose from 40 to 71. One naturally
asks, what could be the meaning of so sudden an increase
How was it that, there having been only about 40 during
the first six days, on the seventh day there should be an
influx of 30 additional Members ? The riddle is soon
solved by what followed : there was a vote, and on that
vote I find that 65 divided. So that, though there were
never more than 42 or 43 present during the hearing of the
business, while the counsel delivered their speeches and the
witnesses were examined, yet, the question coming before
the committee for decision, it was determined by the votes
of 65 individuals ! Some who thus divided had never at-
tended till the sixth day, and there were several who at-
tended for the first time on the day of the division. This
course of proceeding is not confined to the case of which
I have been speaking ; it is of ordinary occurrence. I
will give another instance still more remarkable. In
the case to which I am about to advert, the committee sat
for fourteen days. In the course of the eleventh and three
subsequent days there were six divisions ; out of these six
three were equally balanced, and the matter was decided
by the casting vote of the chairman. On the other three
divisions there never was a greater majority than 1 ; the
numbers were 7 to 6, or 6 to 5 ; so that the going out of
a Member who had been present, or the coming in of a
Member who had not been there before,—and who, conse-
quently, could not have heard a syllable of the evidence or
argument—governed the decision. For the first ten days
that the committee sat, the numbers who attended ran
thus :—ln the beginning there were 17, then 13, then 17,
then 18 ; then, when they had got into about the thick of
the business, the numbers dropped down to 10 ; the next
day they wore 7 ; then they began to rise again, and your
Lordships will possibly suspect the reason of this rise.
From 7 they mounted to 16, from 16 to 24, from 24 to 26,
from 26 to 28, thus rapidly reaching that number of 28 on
the 11th day. This is accounted for by a division taking
place on that day. Now, 7of those who divided could not
be found amongst the 28 • whe had given their attendance :
they were seen on that ocoasion, but they never had
been seen or heard of before. The subjects to which this
committee devoted its attention were of a peculiar de-
scription, and most remarkably precise was it in the
results to which it arrived. One of the questions to be
answered being the number of passengers that would
be conveyed daily on that line of road, I find them
estimated at 513 and 7-Bths of a passenger ! Such at least
is the result of dividing the sum which the committee found,
and to this exact result did those come who had been ab-
sent all the while ! The parties were also fractionally accu-
rate as to the income to be divided between the share-
holders, which was stated, to be 31,751/. 18s. 4d. The
committee reported that the line and its branches, in an
engineering point of view, were peculiarly fitting for their
purpose ; that the gradients and curves were favourable ;
that the steepest gradient was 1 in 290, and that extended
over a mile and a quarter,' &c. Why, to learn this lan-
guage, it was necessary to attend for two or three days to-
gether on the committee."

These unjustifiable practices are not, however, con-
fined to the Commons. The same system prevails
in the other House, the Members of which are as
unprincipled, aye, and as venal, as their neighbours
in the matter of private Bills.
We are sorry that our limits will not allow us to
make more extracts from this speech. We shall, how-
ever, make room for the resolutions which Lord
BROUGH AM proposed, and which were adopted by the
House on the report of the Committee appointed at
the instance of the Noble and Learned Lord. These
resolutions will in future be acted upon by the House,
we are sure, with the greatest advantage to the public,
as they will have the effect of remedying much of the

evil complained of. It remains to be seen whether the
House of Commons will follow the excellent example
thus set them by the Lords.

" That no opposed Private Bill be referred to an Open
Committee.

" That every opposed Private Bill, not being an Estate
Bill, be referred to a Select Committee of Five, who shall
choose their own Chairman.

" That every one of such Committee of Five do attend
the Proceedings of the Committee, during the whole con-
tinuance thereof.

" That no Peer who is not one of the Five, do take any
part in the proceedings of the Committee.
" That Lords be exempted from serving on the Com-
mittee on any Private Bill wherein they shall have any
interest.

" That Lords be excused from serving for any special
reasons, to be approved of in each case by the House.
" That the Chairman of the Committees, and four other
Peers to be named by the House, be appointed a Commit-
tee to select and propose to the House the names of the
five Peers to form a Select Committee for the consideration
of each such opposed Private Bill.
" That the Select Committee of Five be not named to
the House, on the same day on which the opposed Private
Bill is read a second time.

" That the Committee to whom any such opposed Pri-
vate Bill is committed shall meet not later than eleven
o'clock every morning, and sit till four, and shall not ad-
journ at an earlier hour, without specially reporting the
cause of such adjournment to the House at its next meet-
ing, nor adjourn over any days except Saturday and Sun-
day, Christmas Day, and Good Friday, without leave of
the House.

" That if any member of such Committee is pre-
vented from continuing his attendance, the Committee shall
adjourn, and report the cause of such member's absenting
himself to the House at its next meeting, and shall not re-
sume its sittings without leave of the House.
" That previous to the second reading of any Private
Bill relating to Railways, and any opposed Private Bill,
not being an Estate Bill, such Bill shall be referred to the
Standing Order Committee, before which the compliance
with the Standing Orders relative to Notices, to the depo-
siting of Plans and Sections and Books of Reference, Lists
and Estimates, and to Applications for the consent of the
Owners and Occupiers of Lands, and to any other matter
which may be required by the Standirg Orders to ha done
by the parties promoting such Bill previous to the second
reading of such Bill, shall be proved."

The destitute state of those natives of Poland who
have been compelled to fling themselves on our shores,
must excite the compassion of every humane mind.
We appeal not to sect or party. We are sure that no
generous heart will pause to enquire what may be the
political creed of these ♦ictims of misfortune. It is
enough for the genuine philanthropist—for the
disciple of Him whose glory it was that "he
went about continually doing good"—to know that
these, his fellow-men and fellow-Christians, are
in a situation of the utmost distress. This simple
fact is enough to command his sympathy and his as-
sistance in affording that relief which he would him-
self wish to receive, were he placed in similar circum-
stances. We are extremely glad to find that this is
the feeling which actuates the Common Council of the
City of London towards the unhappy Poles. It will be
perceived by the report of the proceedings of that body in
another part of our Paper, that an application has
been made to them by Lord DUDLEY STUART and
Dr. BLUNDELL, the Vice-President and Secretary of
the Polish Association, for the use of the Guildhall
to give a ball for the benefit of those poor and help-
less refugees. There was no dissentient voice to
this proposal. We sincerely hope it will he suc-
cessful in its issue : but at the same time we
cannot conceal our fears that the proceeds of
such an entertaintneat must be very inadequate
to the wants of those in whose behalf it is given. We
trust it will not supersede the bestowing of that
private and individual charity which the case of the
unfortunate Poles is calculated to call forth, and with-
out which they must be doomed, if possible, to a still
greater depth of misery.

Adrices from Lisbon to the 30th ult., have been
received this morning. The KlNG—as Prince FER,
DINAND is now styled—QUEEN, and Prince Royal,
were in good health. The baptism of the Prince was
fixed for the Ist inst. All was tranquil in the Portu-
guese capital and in Oporto, though fears were enter-
tained that the country would be soon troubled with
disturbances not less fatal to its prosperity than the
Chartist rebellion. The general distress is extreme ;
and so many have been ruined by the late wars, that
the nation is filled with adventurers reduced to the
alternative of perishing, or subsisting by violence. To
add to the misfortunes of Portugal, all confidence in
the good faith of the Sovereign has absolutely va-
nished. The hostility of the Court to the wishes of
the people is scarcely concealed. Of this the Corres-
pondent of our Tory Contemporary, the Morning
Herald—the writer himself a staunch Miguelite—
gives the following remarkable instance in a letter from
Lisbon of the 28th ult.:—

" When the Minister of War went to the palace with the
news of Saldanha's defeat, the Queen availed herself of the
plea of indisposition to decline the interview he sought.
The painful task of receiving his odious congratulations on
the occasion therefore devolved upon the prince—or, as he
is now called, the King, who set the best face he could upon
the matter, but made no reply. When he went back, to
the Queen and told her the information he had received,
she said, " What is to become of Saldanha and the Duke?
Are they to be allowed to return here ?" The prince then
showed her the capitulation, by the third article of which
they are obliged to leave the country. On seeing this she
began to cry, and said, " Well, since all our hopes are gone,
I wish, at least, I could have the comfort of seeing my best
friends about me." In less than half an hour afterwards
she was as cheerful as if nothing had happened to disap-
point her—such is the happiness of being blessed with a
phlegmatic temperament. The prince and the Empress
have, however, taken the failure much to heart. The latter
talks of returning to Germany soon, and the former has not
ridden through the streets ever since, as he used to do
almost daily. He is greatly disliked by all parties for the
hautuer of his manner."

Preparatory to King FERDINAND'S voluntary exile
to his dominions in Germany, not quite so extensive
as an English paddock, a deputation of the Cortes
ought to present his MAJESTY with copies of the
16th and 17th Articles of the Constitution, as a me-
mento of the nation's clemency. The articles we al-
lude to are as follows :

" Art. 16. The Sovereignty resides essentially in the na-
tion, from whom all political powers emanate. It is, how-
ever, exercised by the King and the Cortes, as delegates.
" Art. 17. The political powers recognized by the Consti-
tution are the legislative, executive, and judicial."
_ _

The careful perusal of these articles might bring
FERDINAND and Donna MARIA to their senses.
They would learn from them that it is possible for the
Sovereign to be guilty of high treason against
the nation ; and that the Cortes would not out-
step the limits of their proper authority, in in-
stituting an inquiry respecting the originators of
of the Chartist rebellion, and upon tracing it to the
QUEEN and her Royal Consort, solemnly to proclaim
the vacancy of the throne of Portugal. The Consti-
tutionalists have manifested a forbearance—a respect
for their Sovereign which reflects great credit upon their
humanity ; and should future provocation on the part
of the Royal Family ultimately compel them in self-
defence to adopt a different course, we shall not be the
first to blame them. Portugal would lose very little
were the KING, QUEEN, and EX-EMPRESS to ship
themselves for Germany to-morrow ; and should they
persevere in making the Palace• the focus of unnatural
treasons—in encouraging the shedding of the blood of
an inoffensive and loyal people—in filling the kingdom
with fears, conspiracies, robberies, and assassinations—
the Cortes will only perform a sacred duty in sending
them out of the country.
Our Liberal Contemporary the Morning Chronicle
has a good deal of unmeaning twaddle, intended as
the expression of regret for the defeat of the Chartists.
If the Charter be so desirable in Portugal, the Estatuto-
real of MARTINEZ DE LA ROSA must be equally
good for Spain. The September revolution of Lis-

boo wos effected by the same agency, had the same
object in view, and was followed by the same results as
the revolution of La Granja ; and yet, with marked
inconsistency, the Chronicle advocates the one and
deprecates the other. The revolution of La Granja
was effected by a handful of private soldiers with a
non-commissioned officer and a Minister at their head
—so was the revolution of Lisbon. The Queen of
SPAIN recognised, or pretended to recognise, in the
sentiments of the mutineers the voice of the nation,
and swore to maintain the Constitution—so did the
Queen of PORTUGAL. The Spanish Cortes without a
struggle adopted the resolution of their SOVEREIGN
--so likewise did the Portuguese Representatives.
Several Members of the Spanish Cabinet opposed the
measure, and were banished—so were the Ministers of
her Most Faithful MAJESTY. In a word, Portugal
walked step by step in the footprints of Spain, with-
out deviating a hair's-breadth either to the right or to
the left. And yet the very Journal that denounced
the treason of IsTußiz and TORENO, in attempting
to uphold the Charter in Spain, has tears for the mis-
fortunes of the patriots, TERCEIRA and SALDANHA,
in Portugal I

The Paris journals of Wednesday have all been
received. From Spain the following intelligence had
been communicated to the French Government :

" A modification in the Spanish Ministry was expected
to take place in Madrid on the 30th ult., in consequence
of a resolution of the Cortes, carried by a majority of 57,
declaring unconstitutional the measure adopted on the '2d
of September by the Minister of Finance."

Three other dispatches are published in the Moni-
teur, confirming the accounts received yesterday of
the series of reverses experienced by the Carlists in
every part of Spain.

At a Council of War, held at Bona on the 24th
ult., it was resolved that no attack should be made on
Constantine before the arrival of reinforcements from
France. The sudden appearance of cholera in the
French army is likely to delay the expedition for
another season. A letter intercepted by the French
authorities, addressed to an inhabitant of Bona, asserts
that, in the opinion of the prophets and marabouts, it
would require as many Frenchmen to take Constantine
as it would require ants to remove an egg from within
a pot of milk. The disposable force of the enemy is
rated by the writer as follows :
" The camp of the Aga is composed of 8,000 cavalry
and 4,000 infantry, with thirty-three pieces of cannon.
That of the Bey consists of 5,000 cavalry, 11,000 infantry,
and twenty-two pieces of cannon. That of the Kabyles of
13,000 infantry, and twelve pieces of cannon. The first
camp is at the distance of four leagues from
.the Mitre,
and consists of the Arabs of the most warlike tribes.
The second is twelve leagues distant from the first, and
is composed of Arab Coulouglis and deserters. The
third, which is at the distance of fourteen leagues from
the first, is composed entirely of the Kabyles of Groiery,
Bougia, Collo, Stova, &c. At one league's distance from
the camp of the Kabyles is the Fort of Victory, defended
by eighteen guns and 500 Turks. The gate of the city,
which is the only accessible part, is defended bra small
fort of eighteen guns. The ramparts are defended by
sixty-three pieces of cannon. There is besides in Constan-
tine a quantity of artillery which cannot be used, for the
want of gun•carriages. The city will be defended by
4.000 Turks, all old Janissaries of the Bey of Algiers,
and others."
We have no other news of interest in the Paris
journals. The Moniteur contains a list of the fifty
new Peers about to be created, which we shall give in
our columns to-morrow. The example of so extensive
a creation of Peers might he safely and prudently fol-
lowed by Lord MELBOURNE. 'We are sadly in want
of a batch of some fifty or a hundred Liberal Peers to
neutralize the Hanoverian policy of the House of
Lords. The following brief extracts are from the
journals of Wednesday :

"BARCELONA, SEPT. 22.—The siege of the fort of
Prades, in which 400 Carlists are shut up, is begun, but
the Carlists, profiting by the march of a part of the besieg-
ing force, to go to meet the band of Tristan', have left the
place, after setting fire to the houses of the Liberals. The
Queen's troops entered Prades immediately afterwards, arid
by way of reprisal, set fire to the houses of the Carlists, so
that the town must be now a heap of ruins. The provin-
cial deputation of Barcelona published on the 20th a second
decree against those who have failed to pay the contribu-
tions for carrying on the war. The Garde National con-
firms the account that Urbistondo and the Navarrese have
quitted Catalonia to join the army of Don Carlos.—Journal
des Debats, Oct. 4.

LA CALLE, SEPT. 16.—The Arabs attack us incessantly.
Last night they killed one man, and wounded another.
We have been iunder :arms for three days. La Calle is
now a prison, less supportable than the Bagnio at Toulon.
We are very unfortunate.
GUELMA, SEPT. 18.—Yesterday the Arabs attacked our
camp of the Col de Fer ; they wounded many of our men.
An officer of the sharpshooters of Africa, at Guelma, has
been killed in a duel by an ex-subaltern officer of chas-
seurs, settled at Guelma, who, in the last expedition of
Colonel Duvivier, in which we had 64 wounded, was shot
through the breast by a musket-ball, in attempting to carry
off a Moorish standard.—Le Commerce.

FRENCH FUNDS-PART;', OcT 4.
Five per Cents.. 108 f. 60c. 55c. 50c.
Four and a Half ner Cents. 102 f.
Four per Cents., 100 f. 111 c.
Three per Cents., 70f. 75c. 80c.
Bank Actions, 2,435 f.
Bente de Naples, 98f. 40c. 50e. 60c. 53c.
Roman Five per Cents., 101..
Spanish Actives, 20% 1y%14.
Spanish Passives, 4%34.
Belgian Lean, Five per Cents, 104%34,4.
Brussels Society, 1,660 f.
Belgian Bank, 1,455 f. 1,457 f. 50c.
Portuguese Loan, Three per Cents. 2534%34.
kaytian Loan, 372 f. 50c.
EXCUANOR ON LONDON.
One month, paper, 25f. 4714 e.; money, 25f. 4734 c.
Three months, paper, 25f. 3234 c. ; money, 25f. 30c.
-fours Authentiaue.
LAST PRICES.
Five per Cents., 108 f. 60c.
Three per Cents. 79f. 90c.
Bank Actions, '2,43)f.
Roman Five per Cents., 101.
Belgian Loan, 10456.
Belgian Bank, 1,457 f. 50c.
Brussels Society, 1,660 f.
Portuguese Three per Cents., 25%.
Haytian Loan, 3721. 5Cc.
Spanish Actives, 20%.
Spanish Passives 4y4.
Spanish Differes
BELGIAN 1. UNDS-BaussEte, OCT. 4.
Actual Debt, 234 per Cent.
Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Cent. lOl%
Loan of Thirty Millions 92%
Loan of City, 1832, 4 per Cent 10034
Society of Commerce, 4 S.', per Cent
Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent 14234
-Brussels Papers, Oct. 4.
A USTRIANFUNDS.-VIENNs, Sen. 26._

Five per Cents. Metalliques
Four per Cents.
Three per Cents.
Bank Shares 1304%
_ _

—Allgemeine Zeitung, Oct, 1.
DUTCH FUNDS—AMSTERDAM, OCT. 2.

Money. Bills.
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent
Ditto, ditto 5 per cent.
A 'nor t Syndic, 4% per cent 935 94
Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent 75% 764
Commercial Company, 4,4 per cent 16154 162%
Ditto (1832 and 1E03) 5 per con.
Loan P 330, 4 per cent. —
Ditto 1837, 6 per cent.
Exchange on London, One month l2 07%
Two months
PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BERLIN, SEPT. 2W.
Bills.
St. Schuld. Sch., 4 per cent 1024(,
Prussian English Loan, 1830, 4 per cent 101}(
Exchange on London, three months 6 2584
—Prussian State Gazette, Sept. 30.

Money.
102
JOON

MR. HUME, M.P.—A, letter has been received from
Mr. Hume, in answer to the invitation from 865 of the
inhabitants of this city to a public entertainment to be
given him here, in which he states that he should have been
most happy to meet so many public-spirited men, earnest
like himself to demonstrate to the country at large their
unaltered resolution to proceed in, and to perfect the work
of Reform. But considerations, chiefly of a personal nature,
of which he need mention only the lateness of the season,
and the near approach of the meeting of Parliament,
oblige him, most reluctantly, to deny himself this gratifica-
tion at the present time.—Glasymu Paper•.
EMIGRATION.-13y returns from the Custom-
house, it appears that the number of persons who emigrated
to the British North American colonies during the last year
was 34,226, and to the United States of America during the
same period, 37,774. In the year 1834 the numbers were
respectively 40,060 and 33,074, and in 1832, at which time
emigration seems to have reached its maximum, 66,339 and
32,930. The proportion of emigrants from the different
parts of the empire has not remained the sane during the
last ten years. In 1836 the number of persons who landed
at Quebec and Montreal was, from England, 12,188 ; from
Ireland, 12.590 ; and from Scotland, 2,224 ; while in 1829
the numbers were 3,565, 9,614, and 2,643 ; in 1831,
10,343, 34,135, and 5,354 ; and in 1834, 6,799, 19,206, and
4,591. Of those who landed at Quebec and Montreal last
year, 23,088 went out at their own expense, and 4,640 were
sent out by parochial aid,

LITERATURE.

LIFE OF SIR EDWARD COKE.
Two Vols. Colburn, London, 1837.

Sir Edward Coke, one of the most consummate
lawyers that this country ever produced, was born
during the reign of Edward the Sixth. His mother,
we are told, was suddenly delivered of him by the par-
lour fire-side, before she could be carried up stairs to
her bed. On reaching the age of manhood he applied
himself most assiduously to the study of the law, in
which he distinguished himself above all his contempo-
raries ; and at the accession of James the First, when
he was upwards of fifty yearS old, shone forth—says
hie present biographer, Mr. Johnson—" among those
leaders of the land who endeavoured to rescue it from
the degradation into which it was sinking in this
reign of plots, favourites, and pedantry." After
going through all the degrees ofj his profession, Coke
was appointed to the high office of Lord Chief Justice
of England, and died at the mature age of eighty-four.
The biography before us of this great lawyer is wealthy
in details, and shows considerable knowledge of the
times ; but the author has, we think, pourtrayed the
character of Coke in rather too flattering colours. His
rancorous behaviour on the occasion of the melancholy
trial of Sir Walter Raleigh is not to be defended on
any principle of justice or humanity ; nor his conduct
towards the Catholics, whom he hated with a hate
amounting almost to insanity, and in his Institutes,
his speeches to Parliament, and charges to juries, took
every opportunity of vilifying and denouncing in the
most opprobrious, unqualified terms. At the trial of
the gunpowder-plot conspirators, Coke made a very
conspicuous figure, and in his speech to the judges,
which produced a wonderful sensation at the time,
thus forcibly alluded to those great persons who would
in all probability " have suffered in such a terrific
explosion :"

" I tremble even to think of it. Miserable desolation
No King, no Queen, no Prince, no issue male, no Coun-
cillors of State, no Nobility, no Bishops, no Judges !
Barbarous, and more than Scythian or Thracian cruelty.
No mantle of holiness can cover it—no pretence of religion
can excuse it—no shadow of good intention can estimate
it. God and Heaven condemn it—man and earth detest
it—the offenders themselves were ashamed of it—wicked
people exclaim against it—the souls of all true Christian
subjects abhor it. Miserable, yet sudden had their ends
been, who should have died in that fiery tempest and storm
of gunpowder ; but more miserable had they been which
had escaped."

There are many curious anecdotes relative to Bacon
in these volumes, who, as is well known, entertained
a strong personal dislike to Coke. The following is
curious :—" Queen Elizabeth had no great opinion
of Bacon's legal knowledge. She told the Earl of
Essex on one occasion what that Lord thus reported
to Bacon :—' She did acknowledge that you had a
great wit, and an excellent gift of speech, and much
other good learning ; but in law she rather thought you
could make show to the utmost of your knowledge, than
that you were deep." This is a remarkable instance
of that inveterate dislike the world has, to give a man
credit for the possession of excellence in .more than one
department of mind. As the Queen Elizabeth—
speaking of course the sentiments of those by whom
she was surrounded--thought of Bacon, so think but
too many of our modern lawyers of Lord Brougham. Be-
cause he is a philosopher—a scholar—a man of science,
and a first-rate politician—they will not allow him to he
a lawyer. They must needs find something in which
they are greater than he is—some soft cushion on
which their vanity may find repose, and be soothed.
Had Lord BROUGHAM not been a man Of lofty and
versatile capacity, he would have been considered a
far profounder lawyer than it is the fashion of some
of his legal contemporaries to consider hi►n. How-
ever, he can bear with this neglect, for he has achieved
that which will cause him to be remembered long after
the present legal generation has been swept away,
and is forgotten. We shall revert to these volumes
on some more leisure day.

WANDERINGS IN SOUTH WALES.
Tilt, London, 1837.

A portion of the contents of this splendid octavo
has, if we mistake not, already appeared in print, in
the form of monthly numbers. We are glad, however,
to see the work reproduced in its present form, for it is
by far the best of its kind. Mr. Roscoe, the author,
is an observant tourist ; nothing escapes his searching
scrutiny; he does not content himself with merely hurry-
ing along the beaten track of travellers, but deviates into
sheltered vales, sequestered glens, and remote mountain
solitudes, not visited, perhaps, by professed hunters
after the picturesque, once in a dozen years. His ac-
count of the wild Carmarthen district—that portion of
it, we mean, which borders on the Black Mountains,
and which he justly calls, the " most savage and
inhospitable tract in South Wales"—is remarkably
full and faithful in its details, as we ourselves can tes-
tify, having once spent a whole summer in a patri-
archal village at the foot of the lofty precipitous moun-
tain ridges of Llynn-y-Van. His sketch of Dynevor
Castle, and, in particular, of Grongar Hill, well known
by Dyer's (a most neglected poet by the bye) exqui-
site descriptive ode, is not less vividly and accurately
painted. He ought, however, to have made more of
Cerig-cennan Castle, and its strange cavern, of which
if he had enquired, he might have heard strange le-
gends and ghost stories from the peasantry who live in
the secluded hamlet near its base. The embellish-
ments, which are not less than forty-eight in number,
are executed with the utmost skill.

THE ENGLISH ANNUAL.
Churton, London, 1837.

" One swallow does not make a summer," or we
should take for granted that the appearance of this
Annual announced the close advent of the whole glit-
tering fraternity. It is the first we have seen this
year, but being merely a reprint from articles that have
already been published in the " Court Magazine," in
which also the majority of the plates appeared, and
which consequently were noticed by us in our " Ma-
gazine Day" from time to time, we feel it unnecessary
so say more on the present occasion than that the
" English Annual" is a very creditable specimen of its
class. The best engraving is the portrait of Lady
John Russell.

THE CHILD'S FAIRY LIBRARY.
Tegq.
MORAL AXIOMS FOR THE YOUNG.
Macrone, London, 1837.
Two excellent little works, well adapted for the in-
struction and entertainment of the young folks to whom
they are addressed.

INSOLVENT COUPT (THIS DAY.)

(Before the CHIEF COMNpSSIONER and Mr. Commissioner

HARRIS.)
IMPORTANT TO ASSIGNEES.
IN THE MATTER OF THOMAS ANSELL, AN INSOLVENT.
Mr. COOKE applied this morning in this Insolvency for a
declaration from the Court of the meaning of an order pro
nounced by it some time back. The facts of the case, ahe
nd
the grounds of the application, were shortly these
insolvent, who wi),, Survevor of Custotn, at a sab:,ry of
4001. a year, sonic time since took the benefit of the In-
solvent Debtor's Act. Upon the hearing of the petition
for his discharge, a sum of 150/. a year out of the insol-
vent's salary of 4001. was ordered to be set apart towarag
the liquidation of his debts, accompanied by a recommen-
dation to that effect from the Commissioner of the Court to
the Commissioner of Customs, and was agreed to by the
latter gentleman. The order of recommendation was in
usual form, that the first payment should be made out of'
the salary becoming due on the Ist of September. When
a quarter's salary became due, the assignee applied for the
portion set apart by the Court, but was offered by the per-
son who had the payment of the salaries at the Custom-
house, that portion of the insolvent's salary only which had
accrued from the Ist of September. From this misapprchen-
s.on of the order of the Court by the officers at the Custom-
house the assignee would only receive a month's portion of
the sum ordered to be set apart, instead of three months.
Under these circumstances the present application became
necessary. The Learned Gentleman believed that orders
had issued in the form of the present one for more than
two years, and with the exception of the present instance,
had never received a construction directly contrary to the
intent and meaning of the Court.
Mr. Commissioner HARRIS said that hitherto all the
Governmet.t offices had construed the orders of the Court
rightly, and he was at a loss to know why a different con-
struction had been put upon the orders of the Court by the
officers at the Custom-house. If that construction were to
prevail, the assignee would receive only a portion of a
month's salary instead of three.- He would rather not
make any order on the subject, but would direct Mr'
Massey, the Chief Clerk, to write to the Commissioners of
Customs, informing them what the menaing of the order of
the Court was.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING-(THIS DAY.)

DEAL, OCT. s.—Wind W. S. W., moderate.—Arrived the
Rawlins, from Jamaica; and the Asia, Wood, from Quebec.
Sailed this morning the whole of the outward bound. Arrived
and proceeded for the River, the Ann Lockerby, Watson,
from Batavia and Rotterdam. Came down from the River
and remains, the Waterloo, Cow, for Sydney.
PORTSMOUTH, OCT. s.—Wind W.—Arrived the Arno,
from Palermo.
FALMOUTH, OCT. s.—Wind W. S. W.—Arrived the
Alert
packet, from Rio Janeiro—sailed 17th August, Babia 27th,
and Pernambuco 4th ult. ; and Reindeer packet, from the
West Indies—sailed from St. Thomas the 4th ult. Sailed the
Express packet, Lieutenant Crok, for the West Indies, With
mails ; Ayrshire Lass, for St. Jago de Cuba; and Fly, Wl'
liamson, for Lisbon.
DOVER, OCT. s.—Arrived off port the Kielmains, Thomr
son, from Sydney—sailed May 27 ; Kingston, Stiles, fro
Bombay ; Yare, Fawcett, from Monte Video.
STA N GATE CREEK, OCT. s.—Arrived the Frances, Ware,
from Trieste.
COWES, OCT. s.—Arrived Maria and Betsey, New York'
SWAN AGE, OCT. 4.—An ived off port, Harmony, Labrador.
TEIGNMOUTH, OCT. 4.—Arrived the Abeona, Jal'ett'
from Labrador.
BRIGHTON, OCT. s.—Arrived off port the Colombo, M`Kel
iar. from Ceylon—sailed May 1.
WEYMOUTH, OCT. 4.—Arrived Gcntoo, Black, Calcutta.
A LDEORO UGH, Ocr. 4.—Arrived the Olive Branch, Cou-
sins, from Riga.

SCILLY, OcT. 3.—Arrived the Anna, from Havannah.
JERSEY, OCT. 3.—Arrived the Harmony, Dupre, from Ali"
cant; Britannia, from St. Petersburgh.
BRISTOL, OCT. s.—Arrived the Augusta, Balsdon, fr°l°
St. Petersburgh—not the Susan, from Demerara,
yesterday.
DUBLIN, OCT. 4.—Arrived the Crusader, from Honduras.;
Garner, Richardson, from Gibraltar; and City• of Limerick
steamer, from London. as stated

CONK, OCT. 3.—Arrived Persamento, Feliz, St. Übe'gr;
mLr ENICK, OCT. 3.--Arrived, the Numa (transport), IVl'"ce'
from Ceylon.
HULL, OCT. 4.—Arrived, the Ellison, Lee, from Green
land (fish 14 tons), with great damage, having been beset from
Jane 3 to the 10th ult. ; the Rajah, Ferguson, from Quebec ;
the Hutchenson, Hutchenson, from Ceylon.
LIVURPOOL, OCT. s.—Arrived, the Medora, from Barbahes;;..
the Oglethorpe, from Savannah ; the Brunette, from Nt_eeo,
Orleans; the Eliza Ann, Burgess, from Charleston ; tuft.,
...
Julia Smith, from Newfoundland ; the Prowler, from Beyrou
the Peri, from the Mediterranean.

The Victoria, Madwich, from Milford to London, Wag °II
shore near Margate yesterday.
The Jessie, from Wick to Cork, was lost on Arklow 135
/1"
Sand ; crew saved.

The Charles Mills, from St. Thomas to St. Domingo, Wag
lost on the 12th of July, near Saone Island; crew saved.
The William the Fourth, of Barbadoes, was lost on the
the Island of Ramos, on the 2d ult.

THE FUNDS.—(THIS DAY.)
CITY, TWEL TE 0' CL 0 CIC.
During the whole of yesterday the speculations in the
British funds were of a limited description, but closed firm
at 92 to 92ti for Money, and 92- to 92/ for the Account ;
opened this morning at the same. Exchequer Bills, 49 5:2;
India Bonds, 52 54 ; India Stock, 261 ; Bank Stock, 2122•
In the Foreign Market, Spanish Active closed 201, with
Coupons ; opened at the same. Portuguese closed 39'1 ;
Three per Cents., 251 ; Mexican, 291 ; Colombian, 261
Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 58g-
A Jamaica mail has arrived this morning, Bird
by the
deer—sailed the 26th August, by which we have receive
Jamaica Papers of the 26th August.
BARBADOES.—A new House of Assembly has bef,l.l
elected in Barbadoes, and the session opened on the
of August. The Hon. Samuel Hinds was again chose"
Speaker.
THE MUTINY AT TRINIDAD.—The Africans hadlwho
been enlisted into the West India Regiment stationed there;
still occupy the attention and excite the alarm of °I
fellow colonists.
We are informed that another misunderstanding,b.3:
arisen between our Consal at Panama and the authoritte
there. This intelligence reached us by an American vessel'ei
from Chagres, bound to Baltimore. The Jamaica PaPer a,
the 18th of August says our House of Assembl is dissolve
Her Majesty's brig Wanderer anchored aty Port Ilona
on Saturday, accompanied by two brigs, a Portuguese ae t
Spaniard. The Africans we understand were landed at
Nassau ; we do not know the exact number.—Barba
Papers to the 21st Aug.
The proclamation of his Excellency, the Governor, fili;
ing the rate at which the British coins shall be received'os
well intended ; but we see no great necessity in it
p 0 sills
people are very glad to give 50 per cent. for it since• on
of Exchange have risen to so high a premium,
will be none of this British money in circulation.
Demerara papers to the 17th of August have been re"
ceived, but they do not contain any news of conseque
We have received the Rio Janeiro Price Currentn,o,efeit
14th August, with the following observations sent
state of affairs in this market, which we had to rePrietioy
very gloomy in our last of the 23d June, has
raever"al
become more and more distressing,
hanadvehaadsdhceadtuasithddeirnse_tier
more suspensions and failures. The low price oc
tsm T. ue,
tasrtessupplyuiproducet(ryeboyofin
tf
woe
mioi foreigntochohno the general
ytohgfeemtn
naturallyhseal
orarakvinee etsmt,
trade
anddistress.
eo arisingthep, unusual delay a
firth t
check), has prevented the exchanh:fse:ralfer°cottemwhie:teisncd ie:Pgs:°:;l•nnemurfejusa-"1
material decline, the more so as the metals have contl_nedu:
to be nearly on a par with the rates ; hopes are entero,pro-
and we believe not without reason, that a fair supplY
duce, which henceforward can scarcely fail to come forty beico
may tend to improve the rate. Business lately has ther°
doing on a small scale at 80 to 29i, and to-day, 9
ds:
aa ‘'oef
remaining little money at the latter rate, and no
29. The shipments in goods were, in June, 42,234 be f 29.0
coffee, against 43,568 in 1836. Stocks, 88 ; Exchano
HALF-PAST eiv:c4o.
The Cotton sales which commenced this morn:.
el;
London arc going off' at rather lower prices, in conseq °
of the heavy market at Liverpool. g, but
We have no further arrivals since the mornin
for the
Consols continue buoyant, and improved to 924- 9 net
Account ; Money, 921, with little doing. Exehelq.,jia
Bills, 53 51 prem.; India Bonds, 53 55 prem.; 1"
Stock, 0101.
ponlsn
;thpeoFrtourgenigense,l\3l9a?e; tTShpraeneispher
C Activee nt s .2, Oi53t*1011,1C1:11e:
accounts from Rio Janeiro has had but little effect
Two- tch
Brazi
al Stock-831,H11
e have an arrival this morning from Calcutta
De°
rexdodnivtsit.l,esn;d3.. Colombian
of importance.
12th of May, but we do not hear that it brings any
TAYKSB,O the

Consols for the Account, 921
The 'aCi°
NEW TRANSLATION OF THE 818 LE...--
vertisement that appeared in this paper, September 50,
will be repeated to-morrow, with another powerful SUbi,dial•
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, OCT. 5*"... T
There is no alteration in the Cotton Market to-day, %chic
still continues dull, and the sales are only 1,000 bags. CO.
sisting of '2OO Maranharns 81(1. to Sid.; 10 Pernaws
.V. to 9:1,-d.; 40 Egyptians, 9id. ; and th© rest
iean, 6d. to 7d. per lb.
rArne'