The Sun.
London, England, 1863-09-19 00:00:00

FORAGE,

in such quantities as may be required, from Ist November,
1863, to 3!st October, 1861, for the use of Her Majesty's
Forces stationed at Aldershot Camp, and within the com-
mand.

Forms of Tender and Conditions of Contract may be ob-
tained on apnlication at this office, by letter or in person,
between the hours of ten and four o'clock.

The Tenders must be properly filled up and signed, and
delivered at this office (under closed envelope, marked on the
outside " Tender for Fora,ge"), and no Tender will be noticed
unless made on forms obtained from this office, and delivered
by the hour appointed.

HENRY B. MORSE,
Deputy Commissary-G eneral.

No. 22,224.

Immediately, in One Vol., post Svo.,
Y IMPRISONMENT. AND THE FIRST
YEAR OF ABOLUSIONISM IN WASHINGTON.
By ROSE O'NEALE GREENHOW.
Richard Bentley, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

THE SECOND GRAND EVENING
CONCERT
of
THE ST. CECILIA'S CHORAL SOCIETY
Will take place in ST. JOSEPH'S HALL, Tottenham-road,
Kingsland,
On TUESDAY, Sept. 22, 1883, at 7.30 p.m.
Conductor—Mons. LE MAN.
The services of 8) eminent executants have been secured.
Special Tickets on application to Mons. Leman, as above.
Front Seats, 28. ; Body of the Hall, ls.

T 0 X F OR D
6, OXFORD STREET, W.
THIS EVENING, veil be performed Operatic Selections
from Sir Henry R. Bishop's THE SLAVE and Halevy's
MUSKETEERS (first time in England).

- -
Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Miss Ellison, Messrs.
Green, Bernardi, Huish, &c., with full band and chorus.
- -

Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
Flute Solos by Drew Dean &c.

Comic, by UNSWORTH (" or any oiler man"), Eugene,
W. Randall, A. Lloyd, . _ .

• •
Also, a Performance by Herr SCHALKENBACH on his
wonderful instrument, the PIANO ORCHESTRE, contain-
ing a full baud of 40 instruments.
The HALL has just been newly Decorated and Ventilated,
and is one of the most Beautiful in the Metropolis.
Open at 8 o'clock. Admission, ed. ; stalls and balcony, is. ;
private boxes, 10s. 6d,

CANTERBURY HALL " GHOST."—In order
to gratify the curiosity of nightly-increasing crowds,
Mr. C. MORTON has transferred the representation of Pro-
fessor Pepper and Henry Dirks, Esq.'s, world-famed spectral
Illusion, " THE GHOST," from the picture Gallery to the
Concert Hall, where a new and elegant stage is erected,
affording a more ample view of the Illusion from Stalls, Bal-
cony, and body of the Hall. He has also arranged for Mr.
A. Silvester to give (with all that gentleman's latest im-
provements and effects), REPRESENTATIONS EACH
EVENING, at Ten o'clock.

All the other Musical and Pictorial attractions as usual,
including Operatic Selections, &c. ; Unsworth (the modern
Demosthenes), Eugene, Arthur Lloyd, George Hodson, &c.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Windmill-street, Piccadilly.
These elegant Rooms are NOW OPEN for the Winter
Season. They have been entirely redecorated.
Musical Director, Mons. Jullien, of moister concerts cele-
brity. The band Is selected from the Crystal Palace, the
Italian Operas, and the Household Troops of her Majesty.

Doors open at 8 o'clock.
Admission, ls.
Manager—M. GRENET.

ROYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE. The
GHOST ! The Polish Giantess, Countess Demoloth,
will be introduced in the Ghost Illusion this Week—The
beautiful FAIRY FOUNTAIN—Grand Divertissement by
Twenty young Ladies—Operatic Selections, by M is s M`Gregor,
Mr. Albert, Vernon Rigby, and Signor Georgini—Band and
Chorus of 60 Performers.
First appearance of RAPHAEL DE SOLLAq, the Infant
Tenor, and LANGLOIS VELOCIMAN, the Great Indian
Juggler, THIS DAY (MONDAY).

ROYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE. Great
Musical Attraction —lmmense success of SIGNOR
iN+ ICOSIA, the eminent Violinist, who will appear Every
Evening.

THE LAUNDRESSES to her late Majesty
Queen Adelaide say, that '° BRIGGS! AUSTRALIAN
S "'ARCH needs but to be tried to be approved." Sole
Wholesale Agent, Harper Twelvetrees, Bromley-by_Bow,
London, E.

TEA.—MOORS BROTHERS respectfully inti-
mate that their New Prospectus is now ready. They
especially recommend their improved Family Tea, reduced
to 3s. 2d. ; Souohong, reduced to 3s. 6d. ; mixed Assam, re-
duced to 3s. Bd. ; and the finest Assam, reduced from 4s. 4d.
to 3s. 11d. per lb.

RIIPTURES.—BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT.
WHITE'S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS
(PERFECTED AND EXHIBITED IN THE GREAT
FXHIBITION s or 1851 AND 1862), is allowed by upwards of
Two Hundred Medical Gentlemen to be the most effective
nvention in the curative treatment of HERNI A.
The use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its effects,
:5 here avoided—a soft bandage being worn round the
body, while the requisite resisting power is supplied by the
Moc-Main Pad and Patent Lever, fitting with so much ease
and closeness that it cannot be detected, and may be worn
during sleep. A descriptive circular may be had, and the
truss, which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by post, on the cir-
cumference of the body, two inches below the hips, being
sent to the manufacturer,
Mr. WHITE, 228, Piccadilly.

A Single Truss, 165., 215., 265. 6d., and 31s. M. Postage, Is.
Doublo Truss, 31s. 6d., 425., and 525. 6d. Postage, is Bd.
An Umbilical Truss, 425. and 525. 6d. Postage, ls.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to John White, Post-
office, Piooadilly.

NEW PATENT
ELAST IC STOCKINGS,
KNEE-CAPS, &c., for Varicose Veins and all cases of
Weakness and Swelling of the Legs, Sprains, dm They are
corous, light in texture, and inexpensive, and are drawn on
11Ye an ordinary stocking. Price 4s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s., to 16s.
eadh. Postage 6d.
JOHN WHITE, Manufacturer, 228, Piccadilly.

CELEBRATION of the TERCENTENARY of
the BIRTH of SHAKSPEARE, at Stratford-upon-
Avon. The Tercentenary Committee (of which Sir Robert
N. C. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.8., is Chairman) are now receiv-
ing SUBSCRIPTIONS, and they may also be paid to the
account of the Tercentenary Committee, at the Stourbridge
and Kidderminster or Warwick and Leamington Banks,
Stratford-upon-Avon ; Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and
Greenway, Warwick; or their London agents, Messrs.
Smith, Payne, and Co , Messrs. Hanburys and Co., or Messrs.
Glyn and Co., bankers, London.
The Tercentenary Committee, in submitting the subscrip-
tion list to the nation, most earnestly appeal to the admirers
of Shakspeare for their aid and assistance. The Committee
rest their claims upon the ground that Stratford is not only
the birthplace of Shaltspeare, but the centre of attraction to
all admirers of the great Poet's works, and that it was his
home, the town he loved, and where he lived and died.

ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road'
in the immediate vicinity of the Great Northern Rail-
way Terminus, at King's-cross.
Patron—The QUEEN.

President—The Duke of BuccLEtrcri, K.G.
Treasurer—Edward Masterman, Esq.

This was the first hospital to introduce the principle of free
and instant admission to the destitute sick, without the for-
mality of governors' letters. It is entirely devoted to desti-
tution in its most pitiable form—viz., that which is accom-
pcnied by sickness and disease, and is now of sufficient
magnitude that, with adequate support, it may be rendered
capable of admitting into its wards a very large proportion of
the casual sick of this great metropolis. It requires but the
funds in order to have 500 beds available for the reception of
these the most wretched of our fellow-creatures. Moreover,
it gratuitously affords medical advice and medicine to more,
on the average, than 3,000 out-patients a.weels..

The Weekly Board feel it their imperative duty to make an
EARNEST APPEAL to the public for continued suppett,
to enable them to admit and relieve the distressing cases that
daily present themselves.

Contributions are received by the Treasurer, Edward
Masterman, Esq., Nicholas-lane; also by Messrs. Coutts and
Co. ; Drummond and Co. ; Herries and Co. ; Ransom and
Co. ; Prescott, Grote, and Co.; Smith, Payne, and Co. ; Glyn
and Co. ; Jones Loyd and Co. ; Barclay and Co. ; Denison
and Co. ; W dliams, Deacon, and Co. ; Overend, Gurney, and
Co. ; Nisbet and Co. ; Messrs. J. Barned and Co., Liverpool
and at the Hospital
STANFORD S. SMITH Secretor

ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT
INSTITUTION
(Incorporated by Royal Charter).
PATRONE Ss—Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen.

The French Note to Russia

The Moniteur publishes the despatch addressed
by M. Drouyn de Lhuys to the:Duke of Montebello,
the French Ambassador at St. Petersburg. It is as
follows:

M. le Duc,— When the Government of the Emperor re-
solved, in accord with the Cabinets of London and Vienna, to
address its communications of 10th of April and 17th of June
to the Court of Russia, it was guided by considerations of
general interest and of humanity, which we put forward
with entire frankness. Its object was to induce that Power
to seek the means of re-establishing tranquillity on durable
foundations, and to prevent a return of pErturbation which
has never broken out without troubling the public mind
throughout Europe and endangering peace. Tho Russian
Government at first appeared to acknowledge the justifiable •
ness of our observations. It had in some measure invited us
to offer our views, and we were bound to believe it disposed
'to accept the deliberations we might consider it expedient to
enter into.

This state of things being common to us with the Courts
of Austria and England, we decided in concert upon the
basis to serve as a starting point for the negotiations ; and
the programme upon which we came to an understanding,
in conformity with the most elementary principles of equity
offers a striking testimony of moderation.

It was to us, therefore, a source of as much surprise as
regret to see the St. Petersburg Cabinet modify its first at-
titude, formally decline our overtures, and substitute inad-
missible propositions.

the object of the Cabinets is to restore peace to Poland,
either by determining the proper application of the stipula-
tions of Vienna or by suggesting the modifications of which
they are susceptible, in order to better meet the necessities
of the future. The Powers who signed the Acts of Con-
gress are, therefore, competent to deliberate, in concert with
Russia, on the questions of public right and general inte-
rest which the Polish insurrection places in some sort on
the order of the day.

The Austrian Court which the Russian Government in-
vital to become a party to this separate negotiation, from
which we, together with her Britannic Majesty's Govern-
ment, Spain, Portugal, and Sweden, were to be excluded
was the first to acknowledge that this proposition could not
be entertained, and rejected it without hesitation, as con-
trary to her dignity.

The Government of the Emperor, M. le Due, could
neither subscribe to the combination presented by the St.
Petersburg Cabinet nor to the considerations put forward
for support in Prince Gortschakoff's despatch.

We are convinced that in pursuing the course upon
which it has entered the Court of Russia departs equally
from the councils of a wise poliCy and from the stipulations
of the treaties. But, not having succeeded in making it
share the conviction by which we are impressed, we can now
only state the inutility of our efforts. It will not have de-
pended on the Powers that the solution of the Polish ques-
tion, so closely bound up with the peace of Europe, has not
from the present time been discussed with the necessary re-
flection and maturity. Divested of all views of private am-
bition, without passion as without preconceived ideas, they
owaetri
oe
na cotfupa
rt
oe
sde
nb yt
tthe
bs
100 l dt
oe sai ed tRo
ucsosni
at rbi
yb uat ep
rt oo f
ot he
dp aoexi fia
mination of the state of Poland, and to remove the cause of
the constantly reviving complications.
We should suppose that tge Russian Government, ani-
mated by tendencies in conformity with those of the Powers,
would not refuse to associate itself with their idea. After
having given this hope, it has chosen to repel their over-
tures and to dispute their competency.
In claiming the absolute independence of its resolutions
and the full exercise of its sovereignty, the St. Petersburg
Cabinet leaves to us the entire liberty of our judgment and
of our conduct, and we cannot do less than avail ourselves
of it.
At the same time, there still remains an imperious duty
for the Government of the Emperor to fulfil. It is to call
Prince Gortchakoffs most serious attention to the gravity
of the situation, and the responsibility which is thrown
upon Russia.
France, Austria, and Great Britain have pointed out the
urgency of putting an end to a deplorable state of affairs
full of danger to Europe. They have besides indicated
the means which it appeared to them ought to be employed
to arrive at this end, and have offered their concurrence to
attain it more surely. If Russia does not do everything in
her power to realise the moderate and conciliatory inten-
tions of the three Powers, if she does not follow the path
pointed out to her by amicable counsels, she is responsible
for the serious consequences to which the prolongation of
the troubles in Poland may lead.
You will be good enough, M. le Due, to read this de-
spatch to Prince Gortschakoff, and leave with him a copy
of the same. DROUYN DE LHUYS.

What, in fact, is its language in the communications re-
plying to the simultaneous steps taken by the three Powers?
According to Prince Gortschakoff, the present state of
Poland is only the consequence of incitement from abroad,
without which the agitation would have died out under the
action of the laws, in face of the indifference and repulsion
of the masses. It is solely this revolutionary character which
imparts an European interest to the question, and deter-
mines the object of the exchange of ideas in which Russia
consented to participate.
The Cabinet of St. Petersburg declares that the six points
indicated as the germ of the resolutions proper to pacify
Poland, contain nothing contrary to the intentions of his
Majesty the Emperor Alexander towards the Poles ; but it
insists that before taking them into consideration material
order and respect for authority shall be re-established. A
suspension of hostilities is said to be impracticable. The
only transaction compatible with the dignity of the Court
of Russia, as with the sentiment of the nation and the army,
is the previous submission of the Poles. The Russian Go-
vernment does not dispute the right of the Powers who
signed the Treaty of Vienna to interpret the terms thereof
according to their own convictions, but everything has been
said relative to those clauses without leading to a practical
result, and the assembling of a conference would greatly
exceed the limits of the right of interpretation. The course
to be adopted is indicated by that pursued in the negotiations
of Vienna. General principles interesting Europe have alone
been inserted in the General Act of Congress. It is not at
present a question of those principles; but the administra-
tive details and the interior arrangementswould usefully fur,.
nish matter for preliminary negotiations between the three
Courts which concluded the separate treaties of the 3d of
May, 1815.
The argument that I have just summarised, as exactly as
possible, M. le Due, is in complete disagreement :with the
most certain facts, and wanders no less from the letter than
the spirit of the treaties. The Polish question, accord.
ing to Prince Gortschakoff, is only European by its origin
and its revolutionary tendencies, and the present events are
solely the work of a cosmopolitan demagogy. In our time
societies have been seen to be agitated by too many various '
movements for us to confound under one and the same
appellation the desperate efforts of a people defending its
nationality and the disordered aspirations of evil minds
attacking the very bases of s3cial order.
The disturbances in Poland spring from causes having
no factitious or accidental character. They are the result
of a state of things dating back for nearly a century, and
which has contributed more than any other conjuncture to
give rise to and maintain revolution in Europe.
The rising which we now witness was announced by evi-
dent symptoms, and provoked by a measure which in the
state of men's minds at the time could not fail to be at-
tended with the most serious consequences. Poland replied
to it by making appeal, not to revolutionary passions but to
that which is highest in the hearts of men—to their ideas of
justice, of country, and of religion. Is it not a fact of in •
congestible notoriety that the entire Polish nation, each and
every class, according to its means, actively or passively,
according to place and circumstance, has identified itself
soul and body with the insurrection ?
What are, before such a manifestation, the agitations of a
few emigrant committee ? The Cabinets have not, therefore,
been mistaken in the true character of the insurrection.
They pointed out its import to the Russian Court. In the
French Chambers, in the English Parliament, in the Aus-
trian Reichsrath, the opinion of the three countries has made
itself heard through its most accredited organs, in order to
encourage the Governments to persevere in the path on
which they had entered. Throughout Europe, wherever
there exists deliberative bodies, the same accents have re-
sounded. Besides the Constitutional Powers, free and spon-
taneousdeliberations have everywhere testified to thevivacity
of the public impressions, the unanimity of which is daily
confirmed by the press. Bound by the consciousness of
their responsibility to observe greater reserve and circum-
spection, nearly all the Cabinets, from the Court of Rome
to the Ottoman Porte, from Stockholm to Lisbon, have re-
corded in despatches, with the tenour of which the Russian
Government is acquainted, the expression of opinions
agreeable to those of which the three Courts have more
particularly made themselves the interpreters.
The Governments, far from outstripping public opinion,
have followed, and at the same time moderated it. This is
what has been done,`as far as it is concerned, by the Em-
peror's Government ; and this duty accomplished, it does
not hesitate to affirm that it would be obstinately clinging
to a fatal illusion to continue to explain the formidable con-
vulsions which stain Poland with blood by reasons so little
in harmony with the testimony of history and contempo-
raneous facts.
The Cabinet of St. Petersburg is disposed, it informs us,
to take into consideration the six points which have been
recommended to it on the basis for deliberations, but it
puts forward as a condition that the revolt must be previ-
ously suppressed. We believe, on the contrary, M. le Duc,
that the surest means of appeasing the public mind would
be the application and immediate development of a corn-
prehensive system of concessions really proper to give satis-
faction to the national sentiment. The perpetuation of daily
conflicts in which so much blood has already flowed can
ownalyy
tor conciliation.
Profoundly more implacable, and close every
Profoundly moved by this spectacle, the three Courts
flattered themselves that in the suspension of arms, ar-
rangements acceptable to both parties might be concluded,
and that the provisional suspension of hostilities would only
precede a definitive pacification.
The Cabinet of St. Petersburg sets this suggestion aside
in the name of the Russian nation and army ; but is the
dignity, then, of a great empire interested in the counten-
ance of an unequal struggle, neither did we think that the
idea of an armistice destined to facilitate the work of nego-
tion would be impracticable.
The most irreconcileable adversaries of Russia would not
have dared to refuse or violate this truce, In the contrary
case the responsibility would rest on them. Such a trial
was worth making, and even if it bad failed there would
have been, in our ideas, honour and profit for the party
attempting it.
We could not expect the same result from an amnesty
which would be made subordinate to the political conve-
nience of the Russian Government, and of which his Ex-
cellency Prince Gortschakoff makes prospective after the
entire submission of the insurgents.
We are in a position to judge by the last amnesty of the
influence which a simple promise of clemency would have
on the arrangements of the Poles.
In fact, the Cabinet of St. Petersburg substitutes for the
acquiescence which it appeared to have
given in its preced-
ing declarations to the assembling of a conference of the
Powers signing the Acts of Vienna, the proposition of pre-
liminary negotiations between Russia, Austria, and Prussia,
on the questions of interior administration raised by the
state of things in Poland.
nothing useful to m a fryes understanding h discussion of
beingti
The Powers would only have besides a right of interpre-
tation which could not bind Russia, and there would be
p u l a
tf onsso often
rguexepde without an
ar-
rived at.
I do not propose, M. le Due, to enter now into a profound
examination of the doctrine professed by the Cabinet of St.
Petersburg relative to the negotiations of which Polish
affairs were the object in 1815, and on the clauses of the
treaty of the 9th of June of the same year, whereby the
stipula-
tions
Congress believed it had settled the destiny of the Polish
nation.
I append to this despatch a memorandum, which recapitu-
lates the facts and defines the idea of the Plenipotentiaries.
I refer you to this and limit myself to state the essential
data which appear to me to issue therefrom.:

THE SUN AS A DWELLING-PLACE.

(Flom the Spectator.)

Sir Wm. Armstrong suggested, in his inaugural address
last week to the British. Association, that that curiously
mottled appearance of the sun's bright atmosphere when
seen through a telescope, which has given rise to Mr. Na-
smyth's expression about the solar " willow-leaves," might
be due to " organised" forms of matter; and that the con-
stant supply of heat which warms the whole solar system
may, as previous astronomers have suggested, be due to the
constant concussion of falling bodies rushing into the centre
of our system, and heating it just as his own cannon balls
or shells heat the great targets at Shoeburyness. Both
these suggestions are, of course, mere guesses, though the
latter, at least, is as probable as any other mere conjecture
concerning the source of the solar heat; but both of them
suggest so many marvels and inconveniences which would
attend its possible inhabitants, if it could be the habitation
of beings
that
eing
if s in
anyway resembling the inhabitants of this
earth,astronomers were to acquiese in them, or, at
least, in the latter of them, the sun would probably be
given up as rapidly as the moon to that desolating theory
of Dr. Whewell's, which refuses to give rational animals a
foothold anywhere in the universe except upon our little
planet. Certainly, one would not choose for a dwelling-
place a sphere, however majestic, eternally bombarded from
all parts of the celestial spaces—a world into which minute
planets, that had been travelling from infinite distances
with a constantly accelerating speed, should be constantly
crashing home, where the annexation of a comet would be
an every-day event. Sebastopol or Vicksburg under siege
would be a sort of heaven to such a life as that, besides that,
they at least had the satisfaction of returning the fire,which
would be impossible for the sun, seeing that the force which
would keep up the bombardment would be of no alien origin,
but inseparable from its own existence. The big sala-
manders, 100,000 miles in area, which Sir W. Armstrong
pictured as floating in the solar atmosphere, and this heavy
celestial artillery, are alike matters of conjecture ; but of
the sun as a dwelling-place for embodied creatures we can
form a few notions based on more trustworthy facts. In-
deed, the elder Herschel, who was one of the earliest theo-
rists about the sun's spots, always held that the sun might
be inhabited—and its solid nucleus, that is, need not be so
hot as to prevent the existence of beings organised more or
less as we are. It is, at least, worth while to consider what
sorts and degrees of difference such a life, if it be possible,
would imply, even without an atmosphere of gigantic sala-
manders, and a converging fire of innumerable meteors and
planetoids, or a lashing by cemetery tails a few millions of
miles in length.
In the first place, there is no doubt room enough for a very
considerable immigration there, as the surface of the sun
would accommodate in mere extent the population of 12,000
earths. In other words, if the earth had been fully peopled
during 12,000 generations, and all its population transferred
to the sun, the sun would only then become fully peopled,
supposing its surface to be in the same proportion suscep-
tible to cultivation. Unfortunately, however the muscular
power, needed for walking on the sun would have to be 28
times as great, for a man of the same size, as the muscular
power needed for walking on the earth. The sun is very
much less dense than the earth—not much, indeed above
the density of water—but its enormous size increases the
gravitation there to twenty-eight times its power on
earth. Every man, therefore, suddenly transferred to the
surface of the sun—if he could live there at all—would
light
up p
ito f a sis fluid whaere at least as light as this) would be far
for all weights being multiplied by
b;
appear to himself to have an accumulation. of twenty-
seven other men upon his back—a weight under which it
is needless to observe that no human muscles could
esriv(iamndaitinhge übpuiokn
osfuethhea ssuunrfaacpep,eianrsantyo
fiesabtaellasoig iniduegtraaedsrthe.However,
28, the difference between the weight of the water
displaced and of the human body—which measures the sup-
porting force—would also be multipled by 23; and just in
proportion therefore as the difficulty of walking is increased
there, that of swimming (in such a fluid as our water) would
be diminished.

But these differences are trifling compared with the diffe-
rences arising from the central position of the sun. To in-
habitants of that globe there would be no such phenomena
as day and night, but a perpetual and uniform blaze, like
the light with which the roofs of the Houses of Parliament
are nightly lighted up, though infinitely intense, would be
always blazing above that semi-transparent cloudy screen
which Sir W. Herschel thought might temper the light and
heat of the solar world. It is natural to suppose that the
light and heat of the sun are derived from the same source,
and that since we have at times glimpses into the recesses
of a darker sphere, that darker sphere would also be a cooler
sphere than we usually connect with our visible sun. In-
deed, if inhabitable at all, it would need to be. The tem-
perature of the sun's heated surface is calculated to be seven
times as hot as the hottest known blast furnace. "It
would require the combustion of more than 130,0001b5., or
nearly sixty tons of coal per hour, on each square foot of
the sun's surface, to produce a heat equal to that radiated
from the solar orb." The probability of some deep cloudy
stratum of atmosphere, there, enveloping a cooler world,
seems considerable.

PRESIDENT—Vice-Admiral the Duke of Northumberland,
K.G., F.R.S.
CnAmmAx—Thos. Baring, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., V.P.
DEPUTY-CHAIRMAN—Thomas Chapman, Esq., F.R.S., V.P.

APPEAL.

The Committee of Management have to state that, since
cite beginning of the year 1860, the Royal National Lifeboat
Institution has expended £32,000 on various Lifeboat Estab-
lishments on the Coasts of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
The number of lives saved by the Life-boats of the
Society, and other means, since its formation, is 12,800 ;
tor' which services 82 Gold Medals, 718 Silver Medals, and
£16,480 in cash have been paid in rewards. The Institu-
tion has also expended £67,1110 on Life-boats, Life-bogt
Transporting-carriages, and Boat-houses.
The Committee desire to express their grateful sense of
he generous support which they have received from the
Brjtish public during the past few years, a support which
has oab'ed them to establish their present magnificent fleet
of 123 JAteboats on the shores of the United Kingdom.
Deeply sezisible, however, of the great responsibility that
rests on themto maintain their fleet in a thoroughly efficient
state, and I' ;Crews practised in the management of their
whi,l7 can only be effected by a large 'and permanent
annual income, they earnestly appeal to all classes of their
to aid them in u •
countrymen upholding and perpetuating so
Pat and truly national a work.
g,i--- committee gratefully acknowledge the following con-
TO
tributias :
h oats ,
£ s. d
.. annual SO 0 0
Mrs. G. ~
Campbell, the Hon. • • • • annual 50 0
Clerk, Colonel, R.A. •,_ 4.!!___ ••• • • annual 11 0
the. Messrs., Ban:Nrs .. .. annual 10 0 0
Queen •••
..
.. • • • • .. 4th don.lo 0 0
Currie, Wm., Esq., . • •
Erle, Lord Chief Justice ..
K.C.B. don. 10 10 0
Vice-Admiral Sir A., KCB .. 2d don. 25 0 0
Fanshawe,
CouttsiTerilr aajnesdtYCo.,
ii'. cost of a Lifeboat and Tran-
Fenwick,•G• J., —sq*,
.. • • • • .. 250 0 0
and Mrs. •• •• don. 30 o
Harvey, Rev. G. G. .
.. • • .. 7th don. 10 0 0
Martin, Sir Henry, Bart.
..
.. do.n. 153 0 0
Tran-
sporting Carriage ..
.. •• • • •15 0
Mrs. George,
erGe.oßrg.
annual .2
0 0
Stirling, Col. Sir AnthonY, KCB.Mare, collectedby her
Moore,S
m ith
Thomas, Lady, Weston-sup er-
• • • • 16 16 0
Ladyship .. • • .• • •
.. annual 5 0 0
Willoughby d'Eresby, Lord . • • •
e, Greenwich
..
..
übscriptions will b ethankfully re-
Donations and Annual S
, Messrs.
ceived by the Bankers of the
institution Messrs. CouttWisllis, and
Percival, and Co., 76, Lombard-street;
Co., 59. Strand; Messrs. Berries, Farquhar, and Co., 16, St.
' llectors of Customs
James's-street, London • by all the Co
and by the Secretary
' - dora •
and Bankers in the United King •
Richard Lewis. Esq. at the Office 01 the Instituticni) 11,
John-street, Adelplal:Loclo, W.Q.:

But even if this be so, the vast difference between the phy-
sical situation of the Sunites and that of our race would
scarcely be much diminished. With a sufficiently thick sea
of cloud between them and the intolerable light and heat
they might manage to exist, like the fabled mermen, who,
living on the ocean floor, saw sunlight only through the un-
fathomable depths of the sea. But then, though living
in the
centre of our system, they could never know that there was
a system at all beyond this centre. They could not even
know that their own sun revolves in about 25 of our days
on its own axis. For no celestial phenomena at all could be
accessible to them. The constant and uniform light would
shut them in far more effectually than any darkness; and
the cloud which would be essential to soften that con-
stant and uniform light would be a second screen. We
could never know that our own earth revolved on its axis
if a blaze stronger than the strongest noon always shut
out the night. The solar inhabitants certainly would be far
more effectually cut off from astronomy, both by their light
and by the internal screen which would interrupt the light,
than by any darkness. The planet Neptune would have a
better chance of good astronomers than the sun. The ab-
sence of anything like night and dew, and of all the conse-
quent periodic changes in the vegetable and animal world,
would certainly revolutionise the whole character of the
agriculture, and natural history. Sleep might perhaps exist
without night, but both plants and animals must have a
cliikrelat §trlivture imyrcicr W acoirC it, t9vt4en could

The signature of the general Act of Vienna was preceded,
it is true, by the conclusion of special treaties between the
three frontier Powers of Poland ; but these treaties were
prepared by long and laborious negotiation, the truly Euro-
pean character of which it is impossible not to recognise.
Besides, the Congress did not establish so absolute a dis-
tinction as the Cabinet of St- Petersburg supposes between
the general stipulations and the particular arrangements.
If the former are introduced textually in the final Act the
latter are expressly annexed to it.
Neither is it the task of the Powers to revise the details
of the administrative regulations, and put them in harmony
with the progress of the age.
119 geRVIRI PrigeiPle4 thewoolyo are eh their trial, ag4

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DIE e, Utt
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• 'K'B,` • •

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 19, 1863.

be no change in the seasons, and even mountains instead of
rising into a colder zone would probably rise into a hotter.
In a word, the Sunites must in all probability pay for
their central position by being quite ignorant of it, and of
thousands of other phenomena to which the alternation cf
night and day, summer and winter, are absolutely essential.
A glorious privacy of light is theirs, if glorious it be. Illu-
minated by a mighty spherical chandelier, rather than a
sun, which they can never turn down, which roof's in their
universe and roofs out the infinitude of worlds, they might,
if they had any suspicion of the truth, say, with the poet—
" Oh I who could tell such darkness lay concealed
Beneath thy beams, oh Sun ? Or who could find,
\Vhen fly, and leaf, and insect lay revealed,
That to such countless orbs thou mad'st us blind ?"

—nay, to more than countless worlds outside them,—for to
the varieties of torrid and frigid zone, of spring-time and
harvest, of morning and evening—probably even of work
and rest—and to a large proportion of that which makes
countless worlds of thought and reflection within, the same
dreadful uniformity of splendour would equally blind them.
Then, too, shadow would be as rare there as it is frequent
here,—for the light always flowing equally from north,
south, east, and west, it would be only at a door, window,
or a cavern's mouth, where the other quarters were pro-
tected from the light, that shadow would be seen. Imagine
all the intellectual fraits of such varieties struck out of our
literature and history, and what would the human mind be?
The sun may be a dwelling-place for beings whose inner
world has begun to develop itself regularly without the
stimulus of outward variety and change, but scarcely for
any nature less advanced. That which knows "no vari-
ableness nor shadow of turning" must either be God or
nothing,—the highest life or the most absolute nonentity.
If we did live there, we should soon, perhaps, prefer being
bombarded by fragments of planet rushing sunwards, even
at the risk of annihilation, to the hot changeless uniformity
of such an orb. We almost wonder no one has suggested
the sun as the physical locality of the place of tor-
ture. That it would make evil the root and centre of our
system, would only be an additional recommendation to a
very popular form of modern theology.
Naval and Military Intelligence.

PR1CK.......4d.
STAMPED ....bd.

THE EAST.

We take the following from the Levant Herald :
"MOSTAR, Sept. 1.
" Yesterday the recently appointed President of the
Local Military Council, Osman Pasha, left here for Constan -
tinople. This.is perhaps to be regretted, as his honest energy
of character might have improved the condition of the army,
which is now left virtually uncared for. The new ferik,
Omer Pasha will have an unpleasant task, being an entire
stranger to the country; it is therefore probable that the
administration will fall on the shoulders of Mahmoud
Pash,, who is the only general officer capable of discharg-
ing it with any degree of efficiency. Djevded Effendi, the
Imperial Commissioner, has since his arrival displayed an
amount of activity locally quite unparalleled. 04 his first
entry into Mostar in his costume as a member of the
Ulema, the Bosnians almost imagined that the Prophet
himself had arrived; but they soon found out their mis-
take, and now rather regard his Excellency as the incarnate
Antithesis in a priestly dress. Ho certainly works well,
and occupies himself attentively with the very important
quation of property, regulating the differences and misun-
derstandings between the Bey proprietors and the Christian
cultivators with a vigorous despatch worthy of all praise.
If his duty were only to organise the interior affairs of the
province proper on a sounel footing, without doubt success
would crown his efforts; unfortunately he has taken in
hand the troublesome affairs of the lately insurgent dis-
tricts as well. Though these are not now in armed revolt,
they still manifest a very ugly passive opposition. Louka
and a half score of the chiefs of the country form the
nucleus of what may be called a fourth political party,
the other three being the Russian, the Montenegrin, and th
Austrian, which last seems to make most headway of any
You are already aware that Osman Pasha was entrusted
with a sword of honour for presentation to the Prince
Nicholas. A Turkish officer was consequently sent to Cet-
tigne to invite his Highness to a rendezvous on the frontier
for the purpose of receiving the gift. The Prince, however,
declined the invitation, pretending that his health would
not permit him, and begged the Pasha to come himself to the
mountain capital. Up to the present, therefore, no inter-
view has taken place. On the other hand, negotiations have
been entered upon with Louka, who promised to use all
his influence to induce a deputation of Christian chiefs to
crave the clemency of the Sultan. With this object in view a
meeting of the notables was accordingly held, and it was then
decided that a deputation should proceed to Constantinople,
Louka himself agreeing to accompany it; but just at this
moment the Montenegrin envoys arrived and upset the ar-
rangements—the end of the whole being that no deputation
has gone, nor is any at present likely to go. Such has
always been, and always will be, the case in negotiations
with these gentry, till some strong measures have been
taken by the authorities and the mischief-makers who
foment discord and revolt sent out of the country. With a
population like this half measures do more harm than
good ; they only tend, in fact, to bring about fresh com-
plications."
SMYRKA, Sept. 5.

" A strike' among the fig-packers is almost the only
item of news the week has produced. This novelty in our
local industry happened on Monday last, and has hardly yet
altogether subsided ; but inasmuch as the circumstances
permit of no sympathy whatever with the complainants, it
has merely been a matter for the police, and these, I am
glad to say, have dealt with it at once with the firmness and
the moderation the case required. The affair is not unsimi-
lar to the strikes of workmen and labourers in the capital
at and after the final withdrawal of the ectimds, when those
parties held out for payment in metallic at the old exorbi-
tant paper-money rates. So here again; it was, as you
know, only last season that we got rid of our three or four
circulating standards, and have gradually attained to some-
thing like a uniform medium, These people were last year
paid in base chilrouk currency what was about equivalent
to from 13p. to 19p. a-day in the present good money; yet,
though they are now receiving from 16p. to 20p, in the good
currency, they complain and demand the same number of
piastres now that they formerly got in chdrouk. Of course
this could not be listened to, and accordingly the grumblers
struck work in a body on Monday, and for some hours
created considerable disturbance throughout the town. At
length they proceeded en masse to the knoak ; to invoke the
support of ihe Pasha. Here, however, they caught a Tar-
tar. Achmet tried first to convince them of the unreason-
ableness of their demands, and did his best to persuade
them to resume work ; but this moderation only encouraged
them, and seeing that, the Governor-General had recourse
to the more effective logic of arresting and imprisoning the
ringleaders of the movement, This brought the majority
of the others to their senses, and next day most of them
quietly went back to their work. There is still, however,
considerable ferment in what may bo called the " trade ;"
but it will, I doubt not, subside in another day or two, and
all will go on as before. It is true that the price of living
has increased here greatly for all classes; but so too have
wages in proportion, as may be inferred from the rates I
have mentioned for this one class of the working popula-
tion. Their case, therefore, excites no sympathy whatever,
and is consequently all the more easily dealt with by the
authorities."