The Sun.
London, England, 1839-11-28 00:00:00

THE EXAMINATIONS.

TUESDAY, Nov. 29.—The Court opened at eleven
o'clock. Magistrates prescnt.—Thomas Hawkins, Esq.,
Mayor ; Rev. James Coles, Octavius Morgan, William
Brewer, Thomas Fothergill, George Hall, Esqrs. ; Col.
Lewis, and Sir Charles Morgan.
Professional Gentlemen :—Mr. Phelps, Mr. T. J.
Phillips ; and for the prisoner, Zephaniah Williams,
Mr. Geach.

Zephaniah Williams was again placed at the bar. He
presented nearly the same deplorable appearance that I
yesterday described, except that, of course, each day he
appears more and more wretched.
The examinations on the part of the prosecution
were conducted by Mr. Phelps.

William Howell sworn—l am a labourer at Blaina
Iron-works. I do not know Zephaniah Williams. I
have seen him about three times. I first saw him on
the Tuesday before the riots. I saw him in his own
house. He lives between Garnfach and Blaine, near
the Colebrook-vale works. He keeps the Royal Oak.
I was there about half an hour. The prisoner was in
the room and a great many others. I heard the prisoner
say the Charter was a good cause. I never gave my
name for the Charter. I saw him the second time,
either the Friday or the Saturday after, in his own
house. Thomas Guttery was there. I stayed about a
quarter of an hour. I saw him again on the Sunday
evening. They did rise. There were a great many
there. I heard the prisoner say there was to be a
large meeting on the mountain, and it would be best for
every one to have something to defend himself, for fear
the meeting should be interrupted. They were all to go
to London, and there was to be no shedding of blood ;
and that a great many gentlemen did give their money to
support the poor, and their wives and families, till they
returned again every one to his home peaceably. He did
not tell us how we were to go to London, nor when we
were to start. He toll us every one was to be on the
mountain just at dark. This was a little after three. I
did not stop three minutes. I went out with my wife about
o'clock. That is the time Igo to chapel. I am
obliged to pass by the prisoner's door to go to chapel.
I met just opposite his house three men with pikes. I
saw a great many others without pikes. I know the
lodge-room at the prisoner's. The room would hold 200
or SOO.- The persons I met turned down by the end
Of the prisoner's house. -game of them came back with
pikes very shortly. The lodge-room is up stairs.. The
men, went down in twos or threes without arms, to the
room under'the lodge-room, and I saw• some out, hut I
am'net certain they were the same men that came out
armed, the people were so thick. I don't know any of
those who went in without a pike and returned with one.
About four came out with pikes, and about twenty with-
out. I did not go to chapel ; they drove me up the
mountain with the pikes, They first began to drive me
with the pikes by the prisoner's door. It was after six
when I got to the mountain. I saw a man there that they
said was 'Zephaniah. Williams... The witness was re-
, 'Attested to look at the prisoner, and say if that was the
person he saw on the mountain. The witness, after
looking at him, said he could not swear that that was
the man, but he was very much like him. Alter we
came from the mountain we went to Mr. Harford's
works. I heard the man they called Zephaniah Wil-
liams say that there was one of those engines and trains
to take the people down to Newport. A great many
of the men .upon the mountain were armed. The pri-
soner now looks more pale and more poorly than the
Zephaniah Williams I saw at the Royal Oak ; that is
the difference I see. Thomas Guttery spoke at one of
the meetings I was at. Zephaniah Williams was pre-
sent there. He said it was a good cause, and he men-
tioned some five articles. He-said the Charter was a
good cause, if it could be got. Every poor man was
to give his name, and stick true together, and " it should
be got in spite of all hell." When we went from the
mountain we went to Penycairn works, and from there
to the Welsh Oak. All the throng were together there.
I came on so far as to the entrance to the town, to
Stow-hill ; then I ran off. One of the five articles
Guttery spoke of was, to have the duty and taxes off.
Another thing was, to have the poor-houses down. The
o,her was, to have the poor as well as the rich to give
their votes for Members of Parliament. These are all
the articles I remember. I have heard this on other
occasions. Zephaniah Williams was present. I hare
heard him say the same. I never saw Zephaniah Wil-
liams after I left the mountain till this, if that is the
. man. I can't swear to him. The witness was again
pressed repeatedly to say whether the prisoner was the
same man that he saw on the mountains, and to look
again at him ; but he still persisted in his former state
ment, that he was very much like the person, only that
his face was much paler.
Examined by Mr. Getteh-,-I saw about a dozen,
fifteen, or twenty persons near Zephaniah Williams'
house. There is no court or garden around the house.
It is built on a common, without any wall or fence
around.

Rachael Howell (wife of the last witness) sworn—
I saw Zephaniah Williams twice lam sure. I saw him
the last, time the Saturday before the Chartist rise. I
don't know where it was I saw him before. It .Pas in
his own house on the Saturday: I. asked him what
would we do for victuals when they took the men away ?
He told me not to mind that, for he would take care
of the women and children. I asked him to let me
know. He said they would find shops for the women
until the men came back. He did not say where the
men were going to. The first time was at his own door ;
it was a good bit before that time. He made a motion
I did not understand. I thought he called me, and I
went in. He asked me if I wanted a card, as far as I
can remember. I said I wanted to know what was
about the Chartists. I told him I would give my hus-
band's name in, if there was no harm in it. He told me
there was no harm, and I gave my husband's name.
Then he asked me if I would have a card ? I
said" Yes ;" and he gave me one. He said the card
would keep us without danger. I gave the card to my
husband the Tuesday before they did rise, and he burnt
it. I did not let my husband know I had taken the
card. I saw Zephaniah Williams write my husband's
name on the card. I do not remember what else was
on the card. I went on the way to go to chapel on
the evening of Sunday, the 3d of November, about six
o'clock. [The witness in other respects confirmed the
testimony of the preceding witness as to their having
been stopped by the crowd near the prisoner's house,
and her husband's being forced to go with them, and
continued] : I then went home. I did not see my hus-
band again till the Tuesday evening. [The witness was
requested to look at the prisoner at the bar, and sec if
be was Zephaniah Williams.] I believe be-is the man,
but there is a great deal of alteration in him.
Cross-examined by Mr. Geach—The crowd was much
greater on the other side of the turnpike-road than near
the prisoner's house, and that was the reason I went on
the side next the prisoner's house.
Richard Hawkins sworn—l live at Blaine. lam a
miner. I have been in the Marines. I was a private
a long time, and a corporal a long time. I know Ze-
el,iri,ll of the Rovql Oak. I re-
I ,

twtrlibldeagtpeisslies;owtehaessyk'sdnwhoottinvo,trevn. se between six and seven in the even- I
ing with my. brother-in-law, Isaac Deist. I went to
see what was going on, and to pay 2s. I. owed when I
was there last, two or three months before. There were ,
a good many people in the house. I saw Zephaniah Wil-
hams there. - He was talking to different people now
and then. —I saw- hies go up stairs. He came down
agail-i in a few minutes, and he, had chat:zed his dress.
He had better clothds on when be went up than when
he came down. Then he went to another little room
by himself. I followed him in, in a few minutes. He
told me go on. He was standing at the table, and I
saw about twenty or thirty cartridges. I am not sure
m. I
as
them up in
ball
iapoer
not. I (vi have
tu
take
e used
tmanyhat notice
oa thousand dt
hceamr
doing
were wirmadeliaettht rather eteolr:te.l papers
thanctsul ci
itwnhpkoowsiwitedbellvr havenrp.da ballelukVsi enitd;
but
am
The Is
haddon
cartridges'tb
before now. Those I have used were regular musket
cartridges. The cartridges I saw upots the table were
bigger th'itl pistol cartridges. lam not a Chartist. I
never joined a lodge in ray life. The prisoner keeps a
public-house, and sells beer and spirits. The sign is the
Royal Oak. The prisoner is Zephaniah Williams.
CI oss-examined by Mr. Geach.—The cartridges I
saw at the prisoner's were not so long as those I had
been in the habit of using. If they had contained ball
they would have been longer.
John Nichol Hawkins sworn.—l am a surgeon re-
siding in Newport. I was called in professionally on
Monday, the 4th instant to Michaelstonevedoo, about
eight o'clock, I know Pie-corner, that is near Sir
Charles Morgan's park. I met near 100 men there,
near the park gate. They were coming from Risca to
Newport. They were on tha tram road. They were
armed with pikes, and sticks, and clubs, and some tops
of scythes fastened on sticks, and one sword. I did
not see any guns. I know Zephaniah Williams. That
is the prisoner at the bar. He was among those I saw
at Pie-corner. He was the only person I saw there
that I knew. I spoke to the prisoner first. I told
him that they had better not go on—that there were
three picquets of soldiers just above at my left, and
begged them to return. The prisoner said, " Damn
the soldiers," and for them to come on, and they would
show what the colliers would do in Newport. In con-
sequence of this, I gave information to a Magistrate. I
saw no more of the prisoner after.
Henry Smith sworn.—l live with James Samuel at
Llanelleth. A tram-road runs right by his door. My
master keeps a beer-house. I remember Sunday, the 3d
of November. I went to bed that night betwixt nine and
ten. I was called'up again that night by James Samuel,
my master. This was between twelve and one. I saw a
great many people there. They were armed. I saw a
person sitting near the fire-place. I heard my master
talk to that person. He called him Mr. Williams, and
he did answer. My master told meto go to the stable
and put the tackle on the horse, and bring him to the
train for Mr. Williams. Williams was present when he
said so. I got the tram before the door, and then I went
into the house and told my master I had got the train
ready. Williams was in the room then. My master said
" Come on, now," to the men that were in the house.
Williams went out, and did go in the tram with three or
four others. Williams told me to go on, and I did so. I
stopped down at Crumlyn, at the bridge. That is about
two miles from my master's house. We stopped to pull
up the bridge to go on. Then we went down so far as
Tynnycwm. Williams got out of the train where there
is a beer-house kept by Henry Charles. There were a
great many people. They were armed. I did not see
Williams go out of the tram ; but I saw him walk-
ing about there. He stopped there an hour or two.
It was light when I started. I know a place called
Tyndee, about three and a half miles from Newport. I
saw. Williams there ; he was hurrying the men along.
He told them to walk alobg two and two upon the full
tram-road ; that is the left-hand side coming down, and
the men did as they were Ordered. They were armed
then. I heard them fire at Tynnycwm. They halted
in Sir Charles Morgan's park. I am not sure I saw
Williams there. I went with the tram as far as the
Waterloo machine. That is the nearest machitse to
here. Mr. Morgan keeps that machine. I came this
side of the machine : but I was forced to leave the train.
I brought the horse down here to the Salutation. I did
not put the horse up there, but at the stable above. I
stopped looking about, and saw Williams turning back
on the turnpiCe-roads coming away from the town to-
wards the machine. I am quite sure it was Mr. Wil-
liams that I saw in my master's house ;.that came down
with me in the tram. The prisoner at the bar is that
'person. There is a difference in his looks. He looks
a good deal worse now than he did then. I did hear
firing in Newport while I was there; that was before I
saw Mr. Williams come back, arid a great many more.
I should think more than 100 ; they were armed. -It
was not long after I heard the tiring that I saw them
coming back. I hare been about three or four weeks
in my master's employ. He usually entrusts me with
his horses to drive.

Cross-examined by Mr. Geach as to his knowledge of
the nature of an oath. The witness gave the same
answer as when he was examined by Mr. Phelps.
James James sworn.—(This witness appeared to be
very ill, and was accommodated with a ehhir,)—l live
at. the Colebrook-vale. I am a miner. I know Ze-
phaniah Williams et the Royal Oelk, near Colebrooke-
vale works. I was at the Royal Oak on Sunday the
3d of November, between ten and eleven in the morn-
ing. I saw Zephaniah Williams in the room ; there
were many other persons there. I was not in the room
more: than ten minutes or a quarter of an hour. I went
to the Royal Oak again at past three o'clock that day.
I saw the prisoner there. There was a man speaking
there then, he was a stranger to me. The prisoner waf
in the room when he was speaking. Tile man said we
must meet on the mountain at six o'clock in the
evening. Zephaniah Williams said in Welsh the
same thing.; He said we were to bring bread and cheese
►with us, because we should want some victuals before
we came back. Ile said we should hear when we were
going to the mountain what it was, we were to go for.
He told us to bring something in our hands, but he did
not tell what. He did not say what we were to bring the
things for. I went to the mountain in consequence
of ►hat lie said. The man that was there speak-
ing said that we must go, or we should be in danger.
It was dark, and rained shocking there. Some of the
men I saw there were armed. It was very dark there.
I did not see Zephaniah Williams there. I staid on the
mountain from an hour and a half to two hours. I went
from the mountain down to the road and down to the
tramroad. I saw Zephaniah Williams when I walked
down a bit. When we got down by the new works
(" Victoria") we stopped by the gate there. A man was
talking
.to Zephaniah 'Williams. He asked Williams
what were we going down for. He said there was no
danger in going down. The man answered, " No, I
do hope that there is no danger that we do go down to
be killed." The men were then stopped bach—a great
many of them. We stopped there a few minutes. The
men were all coming down then driving us and trying
to go on. I did not go into any beer-house. There
were hundreds of people there when I came up. I and
two persons returned back to a little public-house there,
about a mile ; it was the Newport side of Risca. That
public-house was full of men. Some of those men were
armed. I staid there two hours or more. There were
many came in and drove me out ; they said " come
on," " come out." We went out, and went on till we
caught the rest in the park. Many hundreds of them
came after us. I came on down below Stow church.

When I came there the people were running back again,
and I turned back and went home. I heard the firing,
and I don't think it was half a minute before the people
were running back, I was a member of the Chartist lodge
which was held in Zephaniah Williams's house. I had
a card given me. Williams gave me the card. 1 have
got that card at home, I think. I kept it for safety.
I have paid money. I did throw it into the plate on
the table. Williams was present then. I never heard
him say what the card was for. I have heard him say
the money was to pay the delegates that were going
about speaking about the country. I never heard what
the delegates were to do. I know Mr. Davis. I re-
member going to Williams's house with eleven cards the
boys gave me. I saw Williams there. I told him I
had brought the cards in. I did not give the cards to
Williams ; he was busy. He told me to go to his son
Llewellin. I went to his son, he was in the kitchen,
and we went into the long room. The son is about
fifteen; or something like that. He (the son) took the
cards, and pulled the names from them and put them on
this paper. I saw him write what is upon this paper.
Mr. Geach here objected to the course of examina-
tion, and quoted Phillips on Evidence in support of his
view that the Counsel for the prosecution should not be
allowed to put leading questions to hisownwitness,
as
they were supposed to have a previous bias against
into the
Gmeuaucthh)
uf tcontendedu‘vt.
the prisoner. In thispeuatsteingheint(
that Mr. Phelps was
ness the very words he wished him to give in evidence,
and that too in a matter which did not legally affect the
prisoner, inasmuch as it referred to conversations which
took place between the witness and the prisoner's son,
who was above the age of fifteen, and therefore crimi-
nally liable for his own acts, and not under the control
of his father.
Mr. Phelps, in reply, said he was somewhat surprised
; at the objection taken by Mr. Geach, as he had it in
! evidence that what the son did w as under the direction
of the father—with his privity ; and therefore, though
the son was responsible for his own acts, he (Mr.
Phelps) had shown that they were both particeps
criminis ; and if the offence could 'be brought home to
r1.,(1 it 17:-To trriq.m•Me. mi 1),,r11 he in.

J ,n.Davi, Jonathan, do. _lO. .
kins, haulier ; 2;17. Abraham Thomas, collier ; 312.
Thomas grown, do, ; 416. Iglus Davis, do. ; 482.
John Davis, do. ; 484. William Davis.) All on that
list were then workieg together but one—John Davis.
I had attondod meetings at Williams's house before this
list was made out. We had been told about making
the lists before, at the meetings at Williams's. The
eleventh was to go to the other ten, to get their sub-
scription in every month. John Davis was the only one
in that list that did not work on the same level. (Pri •
soner was requested to state why the line was drawn be-
tween the other names and William Davis.) He was
the one that was to tro round to collect our subscriptions.
I have heard that eleven names were given on the list
that one might go round, as the others could not go
round to bring their- subscriptions themselves. I did
not
hear
captains
Vie
over ten.
or any one else, say aoy
Tne men on this list
this
William Davis. Abraham Thomas, one of the men en
this list, is dead.
Cross-examined by Mr- Geach—l cannot read. But
I kriew the number was 89, because I have often heard
my number called over when I paid my subscription. I
can swear to my name by the two J's. I had the
paper in my pocket last night. I have not always car-
ried it about me since it was first written, because
Mr. Jenkins had it, and gave it to John Davis. I saw
another paper with my name at the top, and had all
the same marks. I should not know the difference. I
I have known the prisoner nearly nice months. So far
as I know he has always been a peaceable man and a
good neighbour.
John Parsons sworn—l am a butcher. I live at.
Pillgwently. I remember Monday, the 4th of No-
vember. I was in Newport that morning. I was on
Stow-hill at about nine o'clock that morning. I saw a
great many men coming down the hill ; they were armed
with weapons of various descriptions. I have known
the prisoner, Zephaniah Williams seven or eight years.
I saw him that morning coming behind the crowd,
about opposite the turnpike gate. There were four or
five thousand men before him, and but very few behind
him—not twenty I think. Those behind were not
armed. I am certain the prisoner is the man I saw
that morning. I saw him nearly as far to the Six
Bells. I had heard firing th"at morning. It was after
I saw him.
Cross examined by Mr. Geach—The prisoner was
not armed. •

Mr. Phe;ps (addressing the magistrates) said he had
en more witnesses ready to be examined, but submitted

that he had already sufficient evidence to justify the
mcgistratcs in committing the prisoner on the charge of
sedition and treason.

On being asked if there were any witnesses to be
called for the defence,
Mr. Geach replied that he had no witnesses to call.
He 01r. Geach) thought that Mr. Pholps bad suffi-
cientty proved his case.
The Chairman, addressing Williams, told him that
this Was the time for him to say anything why he should
not be committed.

The prisoner, scarcely lifting his head, in a low agi-
,ated tone, said " I have nothing to say ;" but he spoke

in so low a tone that the Court did not catch his reply,
and the Chairman repeated his words, when the pri-
soner again said, tremulously, " 1 dO not wish to say
anything."

The witness, Richard Hawkins, was then recalled
and re-examined : I said before that a cartridge could
be fired without a lock or flint, with a match. The cer-
tridges I saw did not appear to have a ball ; they were
too short ; they might have had a hall, but I did not
see it.—(Cartridges shown to the. witness.) Those
cartridges are like what I saw ; they were not tied.
The Chairman then addressed the prisoner nearly as
follows :—" Zephaniah Williams, the Court, as you
must be aware, as well as every one else, has given your
case a most attentive consideration for eighteen hours.

I have known you many years, and I should be very
sorry to say anything to add to the distress under which
I see you now suffer : but it is my duty to tell you that
the Magistrates We of opinion that there has been suf-
ficient evidence adduced against you to justify them in
committing you to take your trial for the crime of high
treason and sedition."

Mr. Geach made application on the part of the pri-
soner that lie m;ght be allowed to sleep without being
handcuffed to another person, as from his appearance,
and his representations to him (Mr. Gcach), he would
not promise to go through the ordeal which he had to
endure unless he could get some rest.

The Chairman said, " Mr- Geach, your application is
a very proper one ; but this is hardly the proper quarter
in which to make it. The Superintendent of Pate,
Mr. Hopkins, has the charge of the prisoners, and his
instructions are to take every necessary precaution for
the security of the prisoners, and that every attention
that humanity could suggest should be allowed them,
consistent with their safe custody. The prisoner shall
be removed to Monmouth Gaol at the earliest possible

moment."

The prisoner was allowed to speak with his legal ad-
•viscr, Mr. Geach. Be was then takk.n away in custody,
scarcely able to walk out of the room. The wretched
man refused again to take any refreshniant during the
ear.
The Court adjourned at seven o'clock.

EMBELLISHMENTS OF PARIS.— This seems
to be the golden age for artists in Paris. The mo-
hutment% of all sorts, in course of construction or em-
behishment, find them ample occupation ; and palaces
And temples are alike enriched with their productions.
Amongst the various labours of the kind in progress, is
one which is attracting peculiar notice. An Italian,
named Regneri, is engaged in painting in jic:xo the
hemicycle of Saint Nicolas du Chardonnet. Admis-
sion is given to all artists to view his labours, as to a
school ; and this Italian style of painting is expected
to come into extensive practice in the decoration of
churches. The Place do la- Concorde trill soon be OGC
of the most richly embellished, as it has long been one
of the finest sites, in the trorld. Statues and fountains
are springing up on every hand. The huge pedestals
which encumbered the Pont do la Concorde are in
course of demolition ; and will be replaced by others
better harmonising with the graceful architecture of the
bridge, and supporting candelabra for gas-lights, in
such manner us to connect the Palace of the Legis-
lative 'Body with the general system of decoration,
having for its extreme points the Tuileries and the
ch of the Etoile -in one direction, and on the other
Mag,lttlen and the facade of the Palais Bourbon. The
fine fountain on the Place de l'Opera is likewise .com-
pletad ; and the play of its waters, which gush at once
from four springs, representing the Seine, the Saone, the
Garonne, and the Loire, has been tried in presence of
the Prefet of the Seine. Near to this fountain will be
ere:l2d the monument to Moliere, towards which the
Minister of the Interior hasgiven a sum of twenty thou-
sand francs, and marble. to the value of ten thousand
more. We may also add, that the Civil List has given
commissions to the artists of Paris for copies of pictures
by the great masters, to be sent to the churches and
museums of the departments. It must be manifest,
after this, that if the arts are not progressing in France,
it is not for want of the encouragement of pstronage.—
Allienceum.

THE FAGGING SYSTEM.—" What boy is more
to be pitied than a junior boy? The Feign: system
described in Oliver Twist is nothing compared to that
adopted in public schools. People may say what they
will of the beneficial effect which it produces on the
minds of those who are subjected to it—we contend
that to breed a gentleman's son up like a tiger is the
readiest way to make a beast of him.—Comic Latin
Grammar.

On Tuesday morning a carpenter, named Thos.
Sharpe, in crossing from Trafalgar-square to Spring.
gardens, was knocked down by a cab, and, the off wheel
passing over his left wrist, severed it completely through,
with the exception of a slight strip of skin. The unfor-
tunate man was removed to Charing-cross Hospital.

A most brutal act was on Monday last com-
mitted on board the Revenge, 78, Hon. Captain Walde-
grave, lying at Spithead. The waterman of a shore.
boat, who had been observed handing some article on
board the Revenge, contrary to the regulations of the
ship, was brought up and reported to Captain Hope by
the sentry at the gangway, and immediately ordered
out of the ship. The sentry accordingly led him away,
mand w
n ,ihetnh
e close
most to
malicious the s t a r baonadr d
premeditated gan
w a y
'themwananteerr:
pushed him headlong over the ship's side, a distance of
more than 18 feet. The poor fellow fell with frightful
violence into the boat below, seriously injured. The
Waterman was instantly secured, and handed over to the
civil authorities at Portsmouth, and will doubtless re-
ceive the full punishment that his cowardly conduct
deserves.—llamp shire Chronicle.
TILE SOWING SEASON.—In the Weald and
Mid Kent several places are so much inundated, that
the wheat season has been lost, and the land left for
Lent corn ; but in other places, where there has not
been a superabundance of water, the wheat has come
up and looks very healthy. The present mild weather,
it is supposed, will bring it sufficiently forward to enable
it to stand the frost without danger. In East Kent
most of the wheat is in, and that which is up looks
thriving and well, In this neighbourhood, where hops
are so much cultivated, the farmers are seldom so for..
ward in the solving season as in sonic others, and the
land is now in a bad condition, being quite saturated
with water.—Maidstone Gazette.
If the Siberian sow-thistle shuts at night, the
evening will be fine ; if it opens, it will be cloudy and
rainy.
If the African marigold continues shut after
se‘vnmorning,in the rain is at hand. The convacaulus
arvoCSlt, cad ula fl vialis, and the anggalis arvensis, or
p Li...ll'S her glass, close at the approach of rain.

HIGH-WATEE AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW.
Morning

LONDON:
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 123'.

The Standard of last night traces the necessity
of the Emancipation Act of 1829 to GEORGE IV.
being a Prince of infirm mind, who had too much
to do in conciliating forbearance towards his pri-
vate character to imitate the steadiness of his father
in discharging his public duties :
In 1829 (it says) Ministers saw apathy in England
and the threat of rebellion in Ireland—they knew the
threat to be fallacious, but they saw in a great division
of the empire established " the state bordering upon civil
war, which i 3 worse than civil war ;" and they looked
in vain to every other quarter for the means of putting
an end to the dreadful evil.

So our Contemporary has at length come to the

. .
' conclusion that what he, with us, calls the overthrow
of the Protestant Constitution, could not be helped
and, wiser still, he has adopted the maxim of sub-
mitting to necessity, and is resolved to endure
what cannot be cured.
While our Contemporary was philosophizing he
might judiciously have extended his researches into
the cause of the apathy of the people. No doubt
he would soon have discovered that in the neglect,
indifference, scandalous lives and usurpations of the
priesthood. Till the Catholic Emancipation Act
made them dread the loss of their supremacy, their
conduct had gone far to disgust the nation with
Church of Englandism, and make it careless of
however,
Protestantism. The apathy of 1829 had,
been preceded by the genuine Protestantism of
1806, and the still more characteristic Churchrcncohf
Englandism of the commencement of the F
Revolution. Religious zeal cannot always be kept
at a red heat, and those who are now exciting it to
turn out the Ministers will find it succeeded by a
more complete apathy than in 1829. To found a
political party intended to be permanent on such a
passing fever is the most stupid thing that ever the
stupid Tories attempted.
1 Our Contemporary, however, now places all his
hopes and all the hopes of his party on Protestant
zeal. He deprecates all confidence in oaths and
protestations, in the QUEEN, Lords and Commons,
and means to rely exclusively on the Protestant
spirit of the people.
. He deprecates, therefore, the

repeal of the Emancipation Act, and explicitly de-
clares that " the country can go on without any
further change either in 'advance or retrograde."
Our Contemporary—erewhile so outrageously ultra,
that he was ready, not only to repeal the Emancipa-
tion Act, but to put the Papists to the sword, breath-
ing nothing but war and slaughter—is now contented
to let things remain as they are. For what purpose
then has the Standard, in common with other Tory
journals, and in common with many itinerant
priests, been for many months fanning the No-
Popery prejudice, and using all its exertions to turn
out the Ministers, because they have not suspended
the Act which the Standard does not want to have
repealed? Has such an exuberance of Protestant zeal
been poured out only to keep alive the Protestant
spirit ? What a poor result of such a prodigious
waste of ink and breath. But if the Standard have
all at once become moderate, the M'GHEES, the
O'SULLIVANS, the GREGGS, the M'NEILEs, and
SToWELLS, rave and rant as much as ever, and
the declaration of our Contemporary leaves them
with no other organ in the daily press than that
now wretched tool of priestly malignity, the de-
graded Times. There is another split in the party,
and more converts from the old worn-out dootrines
of persecution.

The fact, probably, is that the Standard wishes
to adapt itself to circumstances, and retrieve, if pos-
sible, the character of its party. It sees that the
disclosures made by the GREGGS and the BRAD-.
SHAWS are disgusting all sensible, and alarming all
peaceful people, and, to prevent greater mischief, it
professes moderation. Let the Tory wolves, however,
once again get into the fold, and this lamb-like
bleating will soon be changed to growls of pleasure
as they resume their old habits of carnage, and
again worry and slaughter the flock.

If the Times have forgotten its unsparing ex
posures of the Pension List, the public have not
If Sir JAMES GRAHAM 110 longer remembers the
manner in which he shored up the Privy Council,
the members of which he said divided amongst
them 630,0001. of the public money, the use which
Mr. FROST lately made of it distinctly proves that
it is yet remembered by the people. If the Times
wish to bury in oblivion the lessons it gave on the
art of wielding bludgeons and throwing brickbats,
the acts of the Chartists will preserve its advice in
living remembrance. The truth of its excla-
mation " we hare too much Church," is
continually enforced on the people by the conduct
of the clergy. For years it laboured, in conjunction
with a host of other rats, such as Sir JAMES
GRAHAM, Sir F. BURDETT, Lord STANLEY,
&c., to kindle the indignation of the people against
our improper and unjust system of taxation—our
cruel and injudicious administration of the law—
our wasteful and extravagant expenditure—our un-
equal representation—our negligent and profitless
Church, and the usurpations of our landed and
titled aristocracy, and then its labours and their
labours, having truth and patriotism for their basis,
made an ineffaceable impression on the public mind.
Nothing has since been done to remove or weaken
it. Time has confirmed it, and burnt it, by much
suffering, deeper in. No journals, no writers, dare
to extol our system ; the Conservatives confine
themselves to warning people that their exertions
to obtain improvement will probably lead
to deterioration. They cannot say that the
system of taxation is equitable or judicious ; they
dare not affirm that the Church has cared for the
people ; they can bring no proofs that the Peers
have become considerate and just. Thus the Times
and the other rats must have the painful daily con-
viction that their efforts ripened the discontent and
hastened that great change now going on in the
timstitution, which they ratted to struggle against
,z 4 vain.
„,For them to have, smallest chance of success
,Itlaiy should alter thatactics. Instead of vilifying
tyte Court, they ought to teach that it was the
focus of all virtues. Instead of daily abusing the
Ministers, calling them boobies and demons, de-
grading not only the individuals but the class in
public estimation, they ought to treat their errors
with the greatest leniency, and lament that even
statesmen, enjoying the confidence of the Sovereign,
can commit faults and errors. Instead of making
tkchurch, by encouraging its persecutions and its
extravagances, more and more an object of popular
hatred, they ought to conceal its faults and counsel
moderation. Instead of irritating the people, and
_ -
making the aristocracy more and more odious by
demanding stricter coercion in their name, they
ought to reconcile the different classes by fair lan-
guage, and make the people believe, if possible, that
the Lords are their kindest friends and protectors.
The rats may depend on it that they will not efface
the unfavourable impression of the laws which they
contributed to engrave on the" public mind, by
daily depreciating the Government—daily repre-
senting the Tories as thirsting for the blood of
the misled people, and daily describing the Court
as the scene of improper conduct. The Tories,
unless they wish to hasten the overthrow of the
Constitution, must change their plan, and must
praise the Court, and soothe the people.

Great distress is beginning to be felt, we regret
to learn, by the workmen in Paisley and other
towns in Scotland. A similar calamity is felt at
Bolton, Nottingham, and other places ; and as
winter approaches, making more comforts necessary,
and requiring a greater expenditure, the probability
unhappily is that work will be diminished and want
increased. Much of that evil would have been
spared had the Corn-laws been repealed. It is
clear, for example, had the Corn-laws been abolished
that a very considerable quantity of wheat and flour
would now be imported from the United States to
assist in paying the debts of that country, creating
an additional demand for labour here, and giving
comparatively cheap and abundant food to our peo-
ple. If amongst the present sufferers there should
be any who were forward in opposing last year all
exertions for the repeal of the starvation laws, how
bitterly will they now have to repent their indiscre-
tion. At such a time we can make no reproaches,
but we hope that at least the distress may now
unite all the working manufacturers, as at Sheffield,
to demand a total repeal of the Devil's laws.

A Hitti Sheriff, which will be found in another
column, is a sign that wise principles of Reform
have found their way into the Turkish empire. If
the SULTAN can make his officers act up to his
lessons, there is an abundance of energy yet in his
people to restore his empire to great power and
prosperity. We do not see, however, from the
document, what are the means by which it is to be
carried into execution, and state papers destitute of
such means are little better than waste paper ; and
this will have no influence in lessening the rapacity
of the Pachas or the insecurity of the people.
We have received through Paris some informa-
tion from Spain. According to a letter published
in the Eco, dated Saragossa, Nov. 19, and signed
by the Commandant Chief of the Staff, there is " no
doubt that the body which was found in the Segre,
near the Col de Nargo, the hands and feet being
bound, was the body of the late Count D'ESPAGNE,
which has accordingly been interred in this village.
The authors of this crime remain as yet undetected,
owing to
the severe orders of the rebel Ros
D'ErtoLEs,
who is now at Organa, and who has
forbidden all
persons, on pain of death, to speak of
this event."
The Restaurader Catalan, the official journal
of the Royal
(Carlist) Junta of Catalonia, pub-
lished at 13erga, contains a decree issued by the
principality Royal Junta Government of the of Ca-
talonia, declaring that the critical situation in which

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