The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-17 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 17, 1863.

TPERSONS SEEKING LANDED
ESTATES, TOWN AND COUNTRY RESIDENCES,
F REE HOLD AND LEASEHOLD INVESTMENTS, AND
PROPER rIES G ENERALLY—
To BE HAD GRATIS, at the principal Rai:Wav Bookstalls
throughout the kingdom. or at the Auction and Estate Offices,
No. 67, Chancery-lane, London, Messrs. E. and H. Lumley's
"FREE PROPERTY REGISTER," containing a varied selection
of landed and house properties now in the market, from
the nobleman's mansion, with its manorial domain, to the
cottage with its few acres.
OWNERS OF PROPERTIES wishing to Sell or Let can em-
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affords, by sending the particu!ars of their properties to the
Estate Offices, r 7, Chancery-lane, London, as the Messrs.
Lumley can in most cases introduce immediate customers,
where tile property is of an eligible chars: ter, thereby avoid-
ing the disadvantages of delay and its attendant incon-
veniences.
THERE IS NO CHARGE incurred, unless a tenant or pur-
chaser is introduced through Messrs. Lumley's Agency,
and then only the usual moderate commission.
Auction and Land Offices, 67, Chancery-lane, London.

Immediately, in imperial Hvo., with many beautiful Coloured
Lithographs, 215.,

CONSTANTINOPLE DURING THE
CRIMEAN WAR.

By LADY HORNBY.
Richard Bentley, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

122, FLEET-STREET, LONDON.
MF SSRS. JOHN MAXWELL AND CO. beg to
announce that the undermentioned new Works may be
now had at every Circulating Library. Subscribers to those
useful Institutions should not experience any delay in ob-
taining copies, as adequate editions have been printed, and
the type is kept standing, to meet every d,mand as quickly
as it arises :-
1. SACKVILLE CHASE. 3 vols.

2. STRONGHAND. By G. ALWARD. 2 vols.
3. BREAKFAST IN BED. By GEORGE
AUGUSTUS SALA. Second Edition. 1 vol.

4. THE REV. ALFRED HOBLUSH AND
HIS CTJRACIES. 1 vol.

5. SECRETS OF MY OFFICE. 1 vol.

6. CROSS OF HONOUR. 1 vol. [This day.
London : John Maxwell and Co.. 122, Fleet-street.

COMPLETION OF DR. TRAVERS TWISS'S WORK ON
THE LAW OF NATIONS.
On Tuesday next will be published, in Bvo., price 18s. cloth,
THE RIGHTS and DUTIES of NATIONS in
TIME of WAR : Being the Second and ( oncluding
Volume of "The Law of Nations considered as Independent
Political Communities."
By TRAVERS Twiss, D.C.L., Regius Professor of Civil Law
in the University of Oxford, and one of her Majesty's
Counsel.
The First Volume, on the Rights and Duties of Nations in
Time of Peace, may also be had, price 12s.
Oxford: At the Univeriity Press. London: Longman,
Green, and Co., Paternoster-row.

Fcap. Bvo., 280 pp., c'oth, lettered, 35. free by post,
THE PRINCIPLES and PRACTICE of
VEGETARIAN COOKERY,

Founded on Chemical Analysis, and embracing the most
approved Slethods of the Art.
By the Author of " Fruits and Farinacea the Proper Food
of Man."
London: F. Pitman, 20, Paternoster-row, E.C.

T H
E 0 X F 0 It I),
fi, OXFORD STREET, W.

THIS EVENING, wiil be performed Operatic Selections
from Sir Henry R. Bishop's THE. SLAVE, CLARA, the
MAID of MILAN, and Bellini's SONNAMBULA.
Principal Artistes—Miss Russell. Miss Ellison, Messrs.
Green, Bernardi, finish, &c., with full band and chorus.

Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans.
Flute Solos by Drew Dean, &c.

Comic, by UNSWORTH (" or any oiler man "), Eugene,
W. Randall, George Hodson, and those marvellous French
Clowns, Messrs. ARTHUR and BERTRAND.
Also, a Pet formance by Herr SCHALKENB /ICH on his
wonderful instrument, the PIANO ORCHESTRE, contain-
ing a full baud of 0 instruments.
The HALL has just been newly Decorated and Ventilated,
and is one of the most Beautiful in the Metropolis.
Open at 8 o'clock. Admission, 6d. ; stalls and balcony, is. ;
private boxes, 10s. 6d.

CANTERBURY HALL " GHOST."—In order
to gratify the curiosity of nightly-increasing crowds,
Mr. C. MORTON has transferred the representation of Pro-
fessor Pepper and HenryDircks, Esq.'s, world-famed spectral
Illusion, "THE GHOST," to the Concert Hall, where a
new and elegant stage is erected, affording a more ample
view of the Illusion from Stalls, Balcony, and bpdy of the
Hall. He has also arranged for Mr. A. Silvester to give
(with all that gentleman's latest improvements and effects),
REPRESENTATIONS EACH EVENING, at half-past
Nine o'clock.
All the other Musical and Pictorial attractions as usual,
including Operatic Selections, &c. ; Comedy by Unsworth
(the modern Demosthenes), Eugene, George Hodson, E.
Marshall, and the marvellous Arthur and Bertrand.

ROYAL ALHAAIBRA PALACE. The
GHOST t new version—The FAIRY FOUNTAIN—
Grand Divertissement—Favourite Opera Selections—NlCO-
SlA, the eminent V iolinist—RAPHAE L DE SOLLA. the
Infant Tenor—LANGLOIS, the Great Juggler. :Every
Evening.
Doors open at 7—commence at half-past 7.

ROYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE. Great
Musical Attraction —lmmense success of SIGNOR
NICOSIA, the eminent Violinist, who will appear Every
Evening.

ARGYLL ROOMS, Windmill-street, Piccadilly.
Th, se elegant Rooms are NOW OPEN for the Winter
Season. They have been entirely redecorated.
Musical Director and Conductor, Mons. L. JULLIEN.
Great Success of his new Quadrille, " The Prince of Wales,"
nightly encored.
The band is selected from the Italian Operas and the
Household Troops.
Doors open at 8 o'clock.
Admission, ls.
Manager—M. GRENET.

LUXURIANT WHISKERS or
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Mr. FOX.Macclesfield. Fox's celebrated Hair wash Formula,
for removing scurf and curling the hair, seven stamps,

TEA.--MOORS BROTHERS respectfully inti-
mate that their New Prospectus is now ready. They
especially recommend their improved Family Tea, reduced
to 3s. 2d. ; Souchomr,' reduced to 3s. ed. ; mixed Assam, re-
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to 3s. 11d. per lb.

RUPTURES.—BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT.
WHITE'S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS
(PERFECTED AND EXHIBITED IN THE GREAT
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The use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its effects,
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during sleep. A descriptive circular may be had, and the
truss, which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by post, on the cir-
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sent to the manufacturer,

Mr. WHITE, 228, Piccadilly.
A Single Truss, 165., 215., 265. 6d., and 31s. 6d. Postage, ls.
A Doublo Truss, 31s. 6d., 425., and 525. 6d. Postage, is Bd.
An Umbilical Truss, 425. and 525. 6d. Postage, Is. led.

Post-office Orders to be made payable to John White, Post-
office, Piccadilly.

NEW PATENT
ELASTIC STOCKINGS,
KNEE-CAPS, Bcc., for Varicose Veins and all cases of
Weakness and Swelling of the Legs, Sprains, &o. They are
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ea,th. Postage 6d.
JOHN WHITE, Manufacturer. 228.

A YOUNG MAN FROM THE COUNTRY, who has
tried everything, says ho never found anything to answer
but " Echo I"
THE CHINESE INDEMNITY !—A Parliamen-
tary return relating to the Chinese indemnity
states that 6,450,457 taels have been paid by the Chinese
Government, under the treaty of Pekin, dated Oct. 21,
1860; and that 4,549,543 teals remained unpaid on Dec. 31
last.

THE PAGE AND THE LEAF.—It being reported
the Lady Caroline Lamb had in a moment of passion
tishims wasntoaltdurbayl Lordfora Slittrearnarygfolradd,yobthsaernvetdo
double down a page." " I would rather," replied his lord-
ship,knocked down one of her pages with a stool, Moore, the
poet, to
Oh,t o
nothingwora
"advise Lady Caroline to turn over a new leaf.'
" SERMONS IN STONES AND (TRUTH ?) IN EVERY-
THING."—According to a fantastic book recently
published by Messrs, Houlston and Wright, called " The
Soul of things," every action and every sound is photo-
graphed in some indelible and unchemical way, and "re-
gistered as in a piCture-gallery for all time." If you cut
yourself while shaving, the glass before you will record the
grimace you make, and the strong exclamation by which
you accompanied it. Beware how you wink at young ladies
in the street, for " the brick in the wall and the paving stone
in the road will catch the picture and faithfully preserve
it." After this the Road murder must cease to be a mys-
tery, for the detective police, aided by the decipherer of
these photographs, will soon learn the features of the per-
petrator. Dr. Colenso's difficulties about. Moses will be
silenced by a visit to the Wilderness of Sinai, where he may
see on the face of the rocks the portraits of all the Israelites
in, their forty years' wanderipgs,

Kr. Beresford Hope at the Liverpool

Southern Club.

Yesterday afternoon there was a numerous meeting of the
members of the Southern Club at Liverpool, at which there
were also present a large number of merchants on 'Change
and several ladies, to receive and hear an address from Mr!
Beresford Hope, Mr. Victor Poutz, the president of the
club, occupied the Chair.

The Cnaiumeat, in intreducing Mr Beresford Hope, as a
Southern American thanked him for the noble efforts he
had made to obtain from the British Government that re-
cognition which the South had a right to expect. Un-
fortunately he had not succeeded ; at the same time, they
felt that they were deeply indebted to Mr. Hope, and they
would always gratefully remember the services which he
had rendered to the Southern cause. (Cheers,)
Mr. BERESFORD HOPE, who was received with enthu-
siastic applause, said. he felt the very high and unmerited
compliment paid him by the chairman in the presence of
those who were his friends before they had become his ac-
quaintances. As a favour, he asked only that while he spoke
his mind in a sort of cross between a lecture and a speech--a
drawingroom conversation.—intended for the Confederate
ear, delivered in an English town and partly to a Confede-
rate auditory, they would express their approvsl or dissent
from his observations —the results of three years' intense
study of the national pulse, and his impression of what
Englishmen thought upon the matter of his discourse, in
order that it might tend to maintain the entente cordials
between the two people. He was the more moved to take
this line from what he read in the papers the other day
of the grave misstatements of fact from the mouth of
the noble Earl who presided over the Foreign-office, who
said that the majority of the Eng:ish people sympathised
with the United States in this conflict. (A. voice, " True I"
Cries of "No, no," and cheers.). A voice said "True." He
differed from that gentleman, and he would convince him
so that they should agree. His experience proved the change
which had almost universally come over the English mind
in sympathy with the Southern cause, where before, in con-
sequence of the dissemination of Northern publications, it
had bad an opposite tendency. The sympathy of the ma-
jority of Englishmen was now decidedly with the South.
(Load cheers.) He stood to that point, and he left to those
who denied it to perform the most difficult of all logical
operations, the proving of a negative. (Laughter.) There
was much to unlearn as well as to learn respecting the last
three years. The British Government did not when it could
dash in and put an end to the war. The South had bitterly
complained of England not recognising its independence.
The Southern press had also complained of our non-inter-
vention. After all, there had been a great deal to forgive
and to forget on both sides. Englishmen had been misin-
formed of the South by Northern writers, and as to the
South, Englishmen must make great allowances, because
they could not be expected to be particularly good-humoured
when they found an enemy burning their houses, outraging
their families, and devastating their country. (Applause.)
It was, however, astounding to remember the way in which
the prejudices against the South in England had been swept
away. The death of. Stonewall Jackson had excited almost
as much regret, and his life as much admiration, as that of
our own Havelock. (Hear, hear.) Let them look again at
the manner in which the whole of the English press had
done justice to the 'statesmanship of President Davis. (Ap-
plause.) Had there been no rude or uncivil word said or
thing written in any English newspaper of any Southern
statesman or general? (Hear, hear.) The sympathies of
England were unmistakeably with the Southern States of
America, in the face of Lord Russell. (Loud cheers, and a
cry of " Never.") Let them hear that gentleman. (Laugh-
ter.) Earl Russell was in the House of Lords. Had he
been in the House of Commons he would have heard his
political chief, Lord Palmerston, brand the acts of Butler
as infamous. (Great cheering.) He supposed that was
about the strongest word that had been ever used in the
Legislature by a Prime Minister of England against the
chosen general of an ally with whom we had not quarrelled.
More than that, the echo of that brand of infamy re-
sounded through both Houses of Parliament. (Loud cheers.)
Then how did Lord Russell prove that the sympathies of the
majority of the peopleof England were with the North ? He
had once heard the story of a gentleman who belonged to
one of the three kingdoms that was not on this side of St.
George's Channel—(cheers)—whose friend was accused of
drunkenness, or rather of having been intoxicated--(laugh-
ter)—and being a man of a kind of statesmanlike mind—
such a man as should preside at the British Foreign-office--
(roars of laughter)—he said, for his part, he es as unwilling
to consider any gentleman intoxicated until he saw that
gentleman attempting to light his pipe at the pump. (Great
laughter.) Now, itseamed to him that Lord Russell required
equal stringency of proof before he would understand that
the sympathies of this nation were with the Confederate
States. ( Laughter.) Now he, for one, claimed all those
who were not against the South as being for the South.
There were some in that room ; there were many more on
the Exchange flags below, and there were others who had
not considered the question politically at all in reference to
States' right. The man who cheered General Lee because he
was at once a soldier and a gentleman but had not studied
State rights, he would not put down as a gentleman who
had "tried to light his pipe at the pump"—(hear)—and
therefore that man was a Southern sympathiser. Then there
were those who cared little for either side. The intellectual
market of England had been " rigged" by Northern political
writers. Still the man who did not care for either side was
just the man who seven or eight years ago would have
thought Fremont the right candidate for the Presidential
chair. Next there came the ticklish question of the black
population of the States. As to the foundation of that
population, he had Confederate friends present who might
differ from him. But taking it for granted that they agreed,
he congratulated them that the question of the practical
working
of the system of that population was hotter under-
stood in England now than it was some years ago. (Ap-
plause.) If they looked at all the newspapers of the day
they would find that, apart from the question of whether
the system of black labour was or was not justifiable, it was
admitted that the black peasant of the Southern States of
America was as well clothed, as well fed, as well sent to
church,
as any peasant in the world. (Cheers.) That ad-
mission, however, did not preclude them from saying that
they wished to see the condition of those peasants improved.
Far from it. England 25 years ago, at a cost of 20 millions,
had emancipated her Slaves ; and, therefore, the question
of the amelioration of the condition of the blacks in the
Southern States should not be regarded as a question of
honour, but one for fair discussion. Let them discuss the
question amicably. It was very like a question that had
been agitated in some of the counties of England, as between
the lessees and tenants at will. That being the case, and be-
lieving, as he did, that the growth of public opinion and the
increased intercommunication between England,Europe, and
the Confederate States would lead to a modification of the
present system,
he did say that the South should be satis-
fied with what they saw in England, whose intellectual
channels had pronounced the fact that, whether the system
of slavery was or was not defensible in itself, there was no
blame to the actual inheritors of the system; and that those
inheritors of that system, taken all round, were men who
generally did work on that system in a spirit of philanthropy
and
of wisdom. (Hear.) He would tell the South plainly
and broadly that that was the feeling of England now ; and
that, considering how a certain business section here had
traded on the question, it was a great proof of the growth of
national justice and of national candour—which was the
beat foundation hereafter for international friendship. (Loud
cheers.) Upon the address of the Episcopal Bishops in the
South the Duke of Argyle had hung a speech—upon which
he hoped to make capital—that would have been a great
success 10 or 12
years ago. That Speech had been, how-
ever, only the subject of leading articles for 24 hours, and
then it died out. (Applause.) Its existence had been no
doubt forgotten by this time. (Laughter.) He might tell
them that he was talking the other day with a Southerner,
and said to him, " We don't like the word slave' in Eng-
land—why don't you get rid of it." His friend replied,
" Well, we don't use it in the Southern States. We call
them ' servants' or people.' " Then he asked his friend,
"Why don't you get rid of it ?" (Laughter.) Having said
this much he would leave his words to fructify in the minds
of Englishmen and Confederates alike in the room. The
system as it at present existed was not a system which they
could ever expect England to go wig h. England had given
up the system. She had abandoned it at great sacrifices, and
would never take it up again. Without going deeply into
the matter, it was in this as in many other matters, the
theoretical differences were greater than the practical—
and, if he might prophesy, in 100, 50, or 30 years, the
question of black labour in the Confederate States would
become there just what the great questions of the
repeal of the Test and Corporations Act, the
Free Trade Bill and Catholic Emancipation were in
England. (Applause.) The effect of such an agita-
tion there would be not less than the agitation on the
questions he had referred to caused in England ; and yet
Eng:and, having disposed of those questions, was happy and
prosperous. (Hear, hear.) He would leave the question of
slavery, by simply asking that that question should be dis-
cussed between England and America, not in the spirit of
its being a bone of contention, or a matter for alienating two
cognate people, but in a spirit of kindness. (Applause.) He
had dwelt more lengthily with this question, because he saw
in that day's Paper a speech by a gentleman of high posi-
tion, who was also a friend of his own—the Attorney-Gene-
ral—a man of eminent abilities, of spotless fame, and a man
h
who was destined to occupy a higher position than that he
now filled. The speech of the Attorney-General was charac-
teristic of the man, and it was only a proof of how far South-
ern influences had pervaded the tone of English society.
(Hear.) Both the Attorney-General and the Chancellor of
the Exchequer were two of the greatest doctrinaires of the
land, but the Attorney-General was the greater of the two;
but under the rough surface of the Ctladatonian logic burned

the lava which occasionally burst out, The volcano did not
run under Sir Roundell Palmer. (Laughter.) The Atter-
ner •General was one who a few years ago would have been
essentially a Bostonian statesman. in the pure and true
sense of the word which the political shufflers of the intel-
lectual city of Boston put forward. (Loud cheers.) He pro-
tested against his friend the Attorney •General, with all his
knowledge and all his philosophy, talking upon such a hol-
low basis, and using the word free in reference to the slaves
and the North, as if there was not a slavery worse than
that of black slavery—the slavery of the North, in putting
down, or rather abolishing the liberty of the subject, liberty
of the press, liberty of speech, liberty of commercial action,
in order that they might wage a war of extermination.
(Loud cheers.) How could Sir Rou.ndell Palmer talk of
England's sympathies with the North, and how could he
tell that those States would be free when the war was over?
How could he guarantee a three years' peace when the war
was over? (Hear, hear.) How could he guarantee
that lowa and Ohio would sit in the same council chamber
with Massachusetts and Connecticut ? (Applause.) He had
run on at great length, but there was one other subject to
which he must allude. Some how or other there had been
certain questions about certain very magnificent ships that
were building, it was said for a French house. He knew no
more of those rams than this—that he had read of them in
the usual channels of public information—the press. He
had read that they were for a French firm, and had very
Mahomedan appellations. (Cheers.) That was all he knew
of them; and that was all anybody knew of them. (Roars
of laughter.) These ships with Mahomedan names were
supposed by some as likely to lead to a change in the sys-
tem of our international law. There were rumours afloat
that there was a possibility of something like fresh powers
being asked in the next session of Parliament. It was im-
possible that such could be the case—(cheers)--and he could
give them the very best authority for saying that such cpuld
not be the case. (Cheers.) He would give them the ex-
position not only of the English law but of English feel-
ing in the matter from the month of that man whose
Go there," and " Come here," would be absolute—abso-
lute until the greater omnipotence of Parliament sat in jury
upon him. Such a change in our law could not enter into
the wildest imagination of any man. (Cheers.) He would
read a few sentences, and then tell them whose were the
words. "I have been, I confess, a good deal shocked by
some of the declarations made in the coarse of this debate,
by which it seemed that the favour of a foreign Power
was of more value to England than the maintenance of
her ancient prestige." And again, "It is easy to ask for a
mill measure at first to satisfy a foreign Power. At the
same time, even any demand of this kind naturally rouses
the jealousy and susceptibility of the British people. . .
If I were to vote for the introduction of this bill I should
feel shone and humiliation in giving that vote. Let those
who
will support the Bill of the Government. In that
h
and humiliation I am determined not to share. (Loud
cheers.) These were the words on the 9th of February,
shame
s,s.el Lord John Russell (hear, hear, and cheers), on
the fill of the foreign Colonels—the Conspiracy to Murder
Bill. (Cheers.) In a memorable debate, terminating in a
memorable division, in which 99 voted, of which 99 Lord
John Russell was one, and ho was another among the 99
which 99 in ten days became 299 (cheers) when
who voted against the introduction of the Conspiracy to
Mr. Milner Gibson and Mr. Bright joined in that majority
which brought Lord Derby into power again, rather than
that England should share in the shame and humiliation of
abandoning her ancient fame and prestige to the favour of a
foreign Power. (Loud cheers.)
e
_a What has that to do with rams ?") that England
Northern States still less than brook it from that
se Seward,
:add, hs eu
Sumner,
toldn e
r, themand
Lincoln,( A y o c
bwr:okmcasnhteeinhal3dt'ofrftaeinn hated, but whom in the battle-
Murder Bill,
contemplation, would never cease din-
fields of Europa she had never ceased to respect. (Cheers )
oifhnanßussell's ears his own con-
y such truckling to the Northern
fotffirucceurinaTteor
atnhyantosrueibgmnitrtoowthere. shame(Loud
con-
demnation in what he uttered when he turned Lord
Palmerston
and humiliation
neTaihnuegssee
cheers.) lie had detained them long, but he felt that he
had not occupied them fruitlessly if he had contributed one
iota to that object which was his hope and prayer,—the con-
solidation of the kindly feeling and the good understanding
had grown up between England and those most an-
cient British colonies, her dearest and eldest children, Vir-
ginia and the Carolinas. (Loud and reiterated cheers.)
iiwanteore thatLi
lorirodo
mr, smine, in moving a vote of thanks to Mr.Beresford
Hope, eepreeted an opinion that after three years of the sad
for independence in America our Government
struggle
should no longer shirk the duty of arriving at a decision on
so momentous a question. It was the duty of a Christian
waFwnhor and the
hdceh t°of
Government to make a Christian effort to bring this for-
midable struggle to a close. (Cheers.)
After Mr. BERESFORD HOPE had acknowledged the com•
pliment which had been accorded to him amid unanimous
acclamations the proceedings terminated.

A Southern Statesman at a Farmer's
Meeting,

CIIERTSEY, Friday,
too
The
annualk place
dinner of the Chertsey Agricultural
Society
this town ; Mr. Lind-
say, M.P., in the chair. The hon, gentleman was
supported by Mr. Briscoe, M.pe,
Mr. Caird, M.P.,
Colonel member of Congress and
leader L
of
iamar, formerly a
Southern division at Bull Run, and by
of the gentry and farmers of the
district.
aisltarriegte body
.
After the usual loyal and patriotic toasts had been
given,
Mr
" Success to the As-
sociation," referredin proposing
to the subject of agricultural
statistics,
pointed out the fact that in conse-
quence LINDSAY,
a
then want of them we were exporting
ofd
wheat in 1846 and 1847 at 50s. per quarter, which
we subsequently had to import at 102 s. the quarter.
He also expressed an opinion that good substantial
cottagesmight be built by the landlords,
profitable investment of.
labourersa
d e
a
f the
County
gibes,The "Health
h acknowledgeda lo
and by Mr. Briscoe and Mr.
Cubitt, who were both most cordially received.
The CEAIRMAN
et
next proposed the health of Mr.
Caird, M.P., in connexion With the toast of the
visitors.
Mr. CAIRD, M.P., responded.

The CHAIRMAN then introduced to the notice of
the meeting the health of a distinguished
gentle-
man, who, he said, had come from an oppressed
and down-trodden people. He proposed to them to
drink " The Health of his friend. Colonel Lamar,"
distinguished in his own country as a statesman,
and also as a brave soldier in the Confederate army.
The health of the gallant colonel having been
cordially drunk,
Col. LAMAR, who on rising Was received with
loud cheers, after thanking the company for the
enthusiastic manner in which his name had been
received, said—Gentlemen, it is the more gratifying
to me to be received in such a manner at a farmer's
meeting, because 1 belong to a country which is a
nation of farmers—not, as you have been told, a
country of indolent, wealthy, and dissolute planters,
and poor white trash and degraded slaves—not that,
gentlemen, but a country of independent intelligent
freemen, men who, to the extent of two-thirds out
of 8,000,000, earn their subsistence by the sweat of
their brow, one-half owning the land which they
cultivate, and nearly all seeing in the upturned
sod of their fallow ground that which is more pre-
cious to them than the gold of California, the
sparkle of independence and personal liberty.
Many of the qualities which the people have ex-
hibited during the last two years which have
elapsed, and which have elicited the complimen-
tary allusions and the kind notice of this meeting,
are, in my opinion, due to the fact that they are a
nation of farmers. I believe that the culture of the
soil, the drawing of the sustenance from the mother
earth—l mean no disparagement to any other pur'
suit—draws with it a certain moral nutriment, a
certain richness of a sentiment, a capacity, a de-
votion, and a self-sacrifice, which keep the heart
fresh and pure, and the nature of man simple and
upright. (Cheers.) It has b_,een. represented to
and to the English
you, gentlemen, people gene-
rally, that the great conflict, the bloody war which
is being waged, and is now going on, by the Go-
vernment of the North, is a war on behalf of civil
liberty, and on behalf of constitutional government,
against a band cf lawless conspirators, who seek to
trample down that liberty and to overthrow that
august structure of constitutional government. Gen-
tlemen, fortunately for the South, their appeal to
the moral sympathy and support of the British
people comes before a tribunal competent to decide
their pretensions. The English—and, gentlemen,
I congratulate you upon the fact—have a practical
knowledge of civil liberty. They have the thing in
substance-.they know it by certain broad practical