The Sun.
London, England, 1830-07-14 00:00:00

. .
eietration if there be not a change of measures ;—,
such a change, we mean, as may relieve the country
frem the pressure of its great and increasing difficul-
ties, by cutting away all extravagant expenditure,
and thus enabling the taxes to be so 'reduced as to
give the energies of the people an orpertnnity of
Jollying; for confident we are that the energies of
England are still as great lb ever, and that they only
want the uid of h judicious policy to excite otreei
more the rarmiration of the world. Of ,%,"ttitt con-
s-e'kuerice is it to the public lretil*cA• this or that re-
negade Tory or tecreent WhNy
ig barters his principles'
for place or pelf The country is in that state that
no Athninlstration can long sustain itself which doe.;
not rely for its claim to support on vigorously
honestly reforming the whole oyster?! a our finances,
and enabling the industry Q the people to become
'as productive to thder the genial protection of a
wise
,thweVlinent it assuredly would be. It is abH
stied in the extreme to talk of free-trade systems
while the industry of the people is shackled by an'
enormous weight of taxation,, Whete industry is
not free, trade, which is but the result of industry,
cannot be Ike either. Taxation, by destroying the
IndAtry and the comforts of the people, is not only
impoverishing the country, lint producing at the same
time the most 'delboralising effects. Let the elections
turn out tth they will, an Administration which re,
Neves the industry of the people from the htltden of
it war taxation, and introduces salittitry reforms into
all the branches of the ftte, can alone obtain that
confidence mid support of the public which is
strongt than the votes of obsequious majorities.—
Morning Herald.
Mr. Brougham moved lest bight A tilsohnion,
" that the House wail& ht tlie earliest practicable
period, take into 'consideration the most effectual
meows 'of inikatitig the condition of the slave po-
pulation ih our colonies, and finally of abolishing:
shivery altogether; and that they woojd Ibithet• take'
into consideration the state of the West India co-
lonies, with a view te filbert& the administration o.
justice in the taiA colonies." The people of Eng-
lam, 'are heavily taxed for the purpose of enabling
the West India interest, as it is called—that is, the
mortgagees of estates in the West Indies—to live
splendidly in London, Bristol, &c 9 oh the proceeds
of estates cultivated at a loss by slave labour, and
evidently at a great eXpence of misery to the tailor...
tunate slaves, 'When we have been tol of the hapt'
piness of the slave population in our Wrest Indian
colonies, we have always listened with incredulity,
since the fact first transpired that the slave popult!
don regularly diminished in numbers, Mr. Brougham
last night laid great stress on this point :
" If (said he) he were to take two tests er criteria of

public happiness—two that it would be impossible should
deceive---it would be the progress of the population, and
the state of morals of a nation. All speculative theorises
pira'otical Statesmen, agreed that these were the beat 'I
tests that could be regatta to. They all agreed that the'
principle of population was so strongly ithplanted by
Iture for the wisest, of all purposes, that it was of so
Ipowerfulaof to resistless a force—that whenever the
umbel of a people were seen to decline, it might be
itaken as a matter of certainty, that they were uncom-
'fortable and unhappy." Mr. Brougham then proceeded
Ito observe, " That if they excepted Ilarbadoes from the
:itnber of old colonies, they wettid find, that out of a
population of 30,000 negroes, the decrease between the
years 1818 and 1821, was no less than 84,000."

• This decrease only takes place in the case Ol
slaves. Barbadoes is an exception. There the slaves

increase in number as well as the coloured and free
blacks. And why is this ? Because Ihiubadoes
cannot compete with the new colonies in raising
sugar for the turopean market, and the slave is there
more like the domestic servant of Europe, employed
in ministering to the various wants of the family. As,
far 119 humanity is concerned, it would-seem, that
he sooner the European capitalists cease to find
(heir account in upholding, by loans to planters, the
present slave driving system, the sootier may wH
hope to see the slaves treated with kindness. Before
the colonists complain of the- charge of inhumanity.
'brought against them, it is incumbent on them to'
explain satiNfactorily how the slaves deeresie in
,numbers, It is clear that the decrease must be °cert.

'killed, either by harsh treatment or by the unheulthi.
lesi of the occupation. Something may be owing to
he excess of males over females in the new Colo-

Hies, into which the importations (chiefly males), prier.
to the abolition of the, slave trade, were greatest.
no even in Berbice and Demerara the females begin'
now nearly to equal the males. In Berbice the male
slaves in 1829 were 11;152, the females 9,481. /n
Demerara the nudes in 1829 were 37,092, the females
32,276. This excess of males will not account for the
'excess of deaths over births in the ratio of 5,724 to
1,679. The occupation of the slaves must be un-
favourable to life. When, therefore, the West India
interest speak of their sufferings, we must bear in
mind that their sufferings and the sufferings of the
blacks are not identical. tits long as the hope of
profit will tempt capitalists to lend money to
planters with a view to consignment of sugar,
so long, we fear, will the slave be stacd•
ticed without compunction. 'rho existence- 'Of
the slave trade, too, adds to the sufferings of the
doses in our own colonies, because in the foreign
colonies it is cheaper to buy a slave, and work
him out, than to keep up a native population; and
Our planters, in their competition with the planters
of Cuba, &c., are induced to work their slaves more ij
severely than they might otherwise feel disposed to
do. Some how or other the English have never done
themselves much credit by their West India colo-
nies. The French at an early period had in their
colonies all the arta of life and their towns abounded
even with ornaments. Air. Charles Mackenzie ob-
serves, in his instructing and amusing Notes an;
Haiti, that there were in Pott-an-Prince two book=
sellers' shops, well furnished;, while in our Oldest
aolony, containing a large white. population, Barba
does, he did not find a single bookseller's shop.. But
the French set out on the principle of preventing
mortgages, which give a nominal proprietory on the
spot, tasking the slaved to satisfy the real owners by
Enrope.—The motion was lost by a division of 5(3
to 27.—0 f mule the subject will he resumed when
the new Parliament meets.--Morning Chronicle.
A subject was incidentally mentioned last
in the House of Commons, respecting which the •
conduct of the blovernment deserves every praise—
wo mean the distressed state of the people of Ire-
land, with which every one must sympathize who
has perused the accounts which have lately been
published, of the numerous deaths which have
" occurred in that country from actual starvation.—
The Chancellor of the Exchequer stated that he had
received numerous copies of the evidence taken on
Coroners' !quests to which such verdicts were at-,
tuched ; and the Secretary of State for the Houle
Department, in Answer to a question put to him by
Lord Killeen, stated that it was not the intention of
• Government to propose any public vote for the relief
of the distress. A discussion then 'ensued on the
t comparative advantage of cultivating home lands,
mid encouraging emigration to other countries,
‘vhich, as it led to no definitive result, we slinil,not
notice more particularly; but it would be a Jere-
' fiction of our public ,duty, as faithful chroniclers
and commentators, not to add our mite of op-

prohiurn to the senonce of condemnation uni-
versally passed upon the conduct of the Irish
Nobility and Gentry, for drawing from their,
country every shilling which their property pro-
duces, and leaving the miserable cultivators of itb ,
soil to die of actual hunger. Their conduct is not
to be spoken of in measured termsi nor, indeed,
in any terms which the English language snpplies.
There is abundance of meanness, of jobbing for
places, and sycOphancy to the powers, that be, in
'this country.; but there is also, on the whole, a
stratum of honesty, of fair dealing,' anti of sympathy
with distress, between superior and inferior.-7be-
tweet rich and poor—between the proprietor and
the tenant—the farmer and the sub-lessee and
Maurer, of which, to its disg,Ttice, we find no trace in
ttuliiieep
amariaisditiedLelastes of
sTohcieertey,, wit litsh
ontleie
vastexe esetste. t:f!
led misery, on the one hand laid 91'
ußpit-
r.alleled pride, and ikifiihness'
andunpityingrice
on the other. There is not a greaterii7tU avarice,