The Sun.
London, England, 1839-11-12 00:00:00

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

CAMBRIDGE, Nov• 9.—On Monday last the Rev.
Ralph Tatham, D.D.. Master of St. John's College,
was elected the Vice-Chancellor of this University for
the year ensuing.

On Wednesday last, Alexander 'l'. Cory, 8.A., and
Richard Ferguson, 8.A., of Pembroke College, in
this University, were elected Foundation Fellows of
that Society.

The Vice-Chancellor has given notice that the ex-
amination for the Crosse Scholarship will take place on
Tuesday the 26th instant.

On Monday last the following gentlemen of St. John's
College, were elected scholars of that Society : Woolley,
Ward, J., Coombe, Williams; 8., Pitman, Oak, Dean,
Griffith, Wood, W.S., Calder, Rhodes, Spencer, Pagan,
Ellis, R., Wrigley,.' Stock, Hibbs, Frost, A. H., Slade,
Gifford, Hardisty, Wingfield.
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.—The following gentlemen, who
were nominated in May last, were last week admitted as
Scholars of that Society ;—Samuel C. Sharpe, Richard
D. Fowell, S. Kirke Swann, George A. M. Little, Ed-
win H. Vaughan, Robert J. Snape, Henry G. Baily.
CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.—At the an-
niversary meeting of this Society, held on Wednesday
last, the Gth inst., agreeably to the Charter, the fol-
lowing Officers and Council were elected for the en-
suing year :—Dr. Hodgson, President ; Dr. Clark (re-
elected), Professor Cumming (ditto), and Dr. Peacock,
Vice-Presidents ; Dr. Paget, Treasurer; Professor
Whewell, Mr. Hopkins, and Professor Willis, Secre•
tunes ; Rev. J. W. Barnes (selected) : Professor Sedg-
wick, Dr. Bond, Rev. W. H. Stokes, Rev. S. Earnshaw,
and Rev. W. L. P. Garnons, Old Council : Messrs. L.
Jenyns, Babington, Ansted, and Gaskin, New Council.
In the evening the President, ex-President, and
several of the officers and members held the anniver-
sary dinner of the Society at the Eagle Inn. The So-
ciety has now completed its 20th year.
On Tuesday last, being the anniversary of the Gun-
powder Plot, a sermon was preached at Great St.
Mary's Church, by the Rev, the Master of Emmanuel
College, from John iv. c., 24th. v., " God is is a spirit,
and they that worship him, must worship in spirit and
in truth."

THE NEW LIBRARY.—A few days since F. H.
Dickenson, Esq. of Trinity College, who originally con-
tributed ten guineas toward this work, visited the new
building, and was struck with its beauty and general
excellence that be gave an additional sum of fifty
guineas towards its completion.
On Thursday, the 31st ult., the Rev. W. E. L.
Faulkner, M.A., late of Corpus Christi College, in this
University, and Rector of St. John's, Clerkenwell, on
the occasion of his being elected to the perpetual cu-
racy of St. James's, Clerkenwell, was invited by his
friends to a very handsome dinner, at the Albion Ta-
vern, Aldersgate-street, at which a numerous company
were assembled. The Chairman, W. Nicholson, Esq.,
on behalf of the meeting assembled, then presented the
Rev. Mr. Faulkner with a very splendid Polyglott
Bible, printed in eight languages, magnificently bound
together ; and a set of robes of the richest manufac-
ture. On the cover of the Bible was engraved, on a
large silver plate, an inscription expressive of their sense
of the merits of the Rev. Gentleman, and his long and
valuable services as Rector of St. John's. This is the
second tribute of respect he has received from his
people, four years ago a splendid service of plate having
been presented to him.
PREFERRED.—The Archbishop of Canterbury has
granted a dispensation to the Rev. John Bluck, M.A.,
Rector of Bowers Gifford, Essex, to hold the same with
the Vicarage of Mountnessing. On Friday the Lord
Bishop of London instituted the Rev. Gentleman
to the
r
Vicarage of Mountnessing, vacant
death of the
Rev. W. Vi .pßriodwdsekei,ll.m.PAa.,troton,
thLeorydiePareatgree.of
BteThe
ox Redv,
Essex. Patron, R. B. De Beauvoir, Esq. The Rev.
Henry Jenkyns, 111. A., Professor of Greek in the Uni-
versity of Durham, has been collated to a Pre'oetidal
Stall in the Cathedral of Durham, vacant by the death
of the Rev. R. Prosser, D.D, The Lord Bishop of
Winchester has collated the Rev. William Gibson, M.A.,
to the Rectory of Fawley, vacant by the death of Lord
Walsingham, The Rev. Charles Dunne, M.A., of
Oxford, has been instituted, by the
Lordßall iol
BishopColeg ofe ,
Worcester, to the Vicarage of Elders-
field,l Worcestershire, vacant by the resignation of the
Rev. A. B. Lechmere. Patron, Sir A. Lechmere,
Bart. The Rev. George Richard Amsey, of Acomb
Hall, near York, to the Perpetual Curacy of Wilsdon,
Yorkshire. Patron, the Vicar of Bradford. The Rev.
Wm. B. Delmar, to the Rectory of Elmstone, Kent,
vacant by death of the Rev. J. Gregory. Patron, W.
Delmar, Esq.

ERGYMEN DECEASED.—The Rev. Charles Ag
Hunt, 8.A., aged 37, incumbent of St. Peter's Chu
Blackburn, after an illness of nearly twelve rn the
duration. The Rev. Morgan O'Donovan, Re or of
Dundurrow, and Chaplain to therorporation of Cork,
aged 71, On the 27th ult., at Westerfield Hall, near
Ipswich, in his 91st year, the Rev. William Betham,
Rector of Stoke, Lacey, Herefordshire, and:many years
resident at Stonbam Aspal, in this county, author of
Genealogical Tables of the Sovereigns of the World,
and of the Baronetage of England. He was the father
of Sir William Betham, Ulster King at Arms, and also
of Miss.Betham, Authoress of the Lady of Marie, Sze.

lISERABLE CONDITION OF THE
FRENCH ARMY IN AFRICA.

The Courrier Francais draws a deplorable pie-
cure of the hardships and sufferings which the I
French army of occupation have to endure in Africa.
" One troops," says that paper, " are there placed
in a condition unworthy of the grandeur of France
and of modern civilization. They are exposed, is
the midst of peace, to evils far more frightful than
the horrors of war, and the trials they have to un-
dergo, after so many victories, are more arduous
than the misfortunes that could afflict them after a
defeat. The soldiers no longer fall, as in the days
of glory, under the fire of the enemy ; they pine and
die away by platoons, by companies, by battalions,
of fever, which undermines their constitution, and
the occurrence of which might be so easily obviated.
Almost entire regiments have disappeared without
having seen a shot fired. This fatal ' harvest' of
men," adds the Courrier, " is unusually immense '
in 1,839. We kave ascertained the numbers, but
dare not publish them, lest it excite in France a
cry of horror, which would make every heart vis
orate, except those of our soldiers themselves.
We shall only affirm that in less than five months
several battalions of 600 men lost 2(!D each,
and have now 300 sick ; that detached com-
panies have lost two-thirds of their men, j
and continue their service with. the other din
(that is when the latter is fr.l,e from fever) ; and
finally, that we have seen ),ospitals,.where no bete- '
rage could be administered to the sick for want af •
phials. We are wrong, perhaps, to call them hospitals,
for there are only two worthy of that name in Africa
—the hospital of the Dey at Algiers, and that cif
Douera, in tie neighbourhood; the others are mere
wooden barracks, built of roughly joined planks,
whera the heat of a burning sun penetrates diving
the; day, and an icy cold during the night. In these
I wretched sheds most of the sick soldiers have no
beds, and elsewhere, that is to say in vet too many
places, those sick lie under tents, some on straw,
others on the bare earth. In conclusion, everybody
may have seen in Constantine itself, in a city whitota
we have now occupied two years, the unhappy sol- .
Biers, whom the Duke of Orleans caused to be re-
moved from the streets, where they were lying on
the ground, without any other cover than their great-
coat and a camp blanket."
The Courrier then contends, that the army of
Africa was in need of the articles most necessary
for the preservation of life in nearly all the camps,
and even in certain towns—Constantine for exam-
ple.
In that city, independently of the sick who
were lying in the streets, those within the walls
were so huddled together, that the nurses or at-
tendants could hardly squeeze themselves between
the beds to supply them with drink. In the bar-
rack used as an hospital at Philippeville 950 sick
soldiers occupied lately a space scarcely sufficient
for lodging 300 men in sound health.
The writer of the article states, that so com-
pletely unknown was proper accommodation for
the army, that he had seen officers who for itve
years had not slept on a bed. " 'Whom; has
passed once," continues the writer, " through the
camp of the Dix, or in that of the Thoutmettes,
will never forget the sinister aspect of those huts,
of dried stones, covered with brambles, real lion's
dens, which had to be abandoned because every
body died in them !
" The soldiers of the army of Africa are cer-
tainly not ordinary men. It is impossible to form
an idea of the strength of the constitution 9f such
of them as have the good fortune to survive the int
clemency of the climate and the privations which`
aggravate it. One would suppose that they deemed
themselves invulnerable, from the arduousness of
their labours, which appear beyond human power.
There are some who scarcely sleep one night out of
four. In the morning they escort convoys or cou-
riers carrying despatches ; in the evening they
patrol the country, and during the day they are en-
gaged in the works of the camp, and are not allowed
a moment's repose. They have not even time to
clean their clothes and arms. A battalion of 600
men reduced in the course of a few months to 82

able to bear arms, performed with those 82 men
the service of the entire battalion. The

Arabian plunderers, emboldened by their weak.
ness, often come and carry off horses and mules
from the very gates, and even within the precincts
of the camp. It is not uncommon for the Chas-
seurs d'Afrique to remain on horseback during 13L
hours out of the 24. The soldiers of the waggon
train, indefatigable in peace god war, who are so
useful and so little appreciated, die often of fatigue
at the head of their waggons, without uttering a
murmur or a complaint.
" One-fifth of the army of Africa have perished
in the hospitals or on the naked ground, within the
last 1.5 months, and two-thirds the remainderare now
ill. The other third consists of between 7,000
and 8,000 unconquerable athletes, with hearts of
steel, upon whom neither the elements, disease, nor
the enemy's arms exercise the slightest influence.
They alone perform the whole duties of the army,
and go through hardships of which no description
could give an adequate idea."

MORE SEIZURES FOR CHURCH-

RATES AT PONTEFRACT.

The Persecuting Church appears disposed to carry
things with a high hand in Pontefract, as elsewhere.
There the Church which reaches, " Provide things
honest," shows its appreciation for the apostolic injunc-
tion, by plundering the people of their goods and chat-
tels ; and there, too, do the pretended ministers of the
" poor man's Church," swell their own wealth by the
human law which starves their congregations.
The following is a statement of this last instance of
Mother Church oppression in Pontefract :
" On Thursday, the 31st ult., warrants of distraint for
Church-rate were served on Anne Tatham, of Jubilee Place
and Thomas Lee Taylor, of the Market Place, Pontefract.
The rate, in the first instance, Was thirteen shillings and
two-pence, but together with the warrant and other ex-
penses, the demand was increased to eighteen shillings
and ten-pence, for which amount kitchen utensils nero
seized by the agents of the Law- Church, worth about thirty
shillings. In the case of Mr. Lee,the rate was five shillings,
and with expenses, the demand amounted to twenty-two
shillings and eight-pencc. Articles were seized and
carried away from his shop (two pair of cut decanters
of the value of two pounds and nine shillings). The
whole were sold by public auction in the Market
Place, on the following day, when, from the great
scarcity of bidders, they were sold for very much
less than their real value. There was little or no
competition for them ; the company present being evidently
disgusted with the exhibition, and unwilling to identify
themselves with a system which, under the cloak of reli-
gion, has nothing in scripture to support it."
Such are the means the Church employs to gain
support to her instituCons—the bum bailiff, the auc-
tioneer, and the attorney. Such are the missionaries
whom the Establishment sends forth ; and, by way of
" converting the heathen," ransacks them of their goods.
Who would not resist such a Church, made up, as it is,
of Oxford-nourished bigots, whose only heartily per-
formed work is to rail at their fellow Christians, and
throw
enlightenment.
poplar education
a
lishrnents have no warrant either in religion or
in p
They have ever been the allies,
tElsw political
every obstacle in the way of
if not the actual agents, of political oppression and in-
atib cal experience.
justice. They have persecuted for conscience sake, ene
couraged ignorance, and fostered vice ; and every out-
rage like the above, on the rights of property of the
public, demonstrates their existence to be utterly incom-
patible either with justice, morality, or true religion.—
Leeds Times.

LOCAL COURTS..— A meeting of the principal
inhabitants of the town was held at ile Town Hallon
MoP day evening last, the High Constable in the chair, to
receive information from Mr. Evershed on the subject of
the proposed establishment of a Local Court for the
recovery of small debts in the borough of Brighton
and its vicinity. After hearing the statements made
by Mr. Evershed, and entering into considerable
discussion thereon, resolutions were passed de-
claring that, in the opinion. of bhat meeting,
it was desirable that a Court of the kind described 1.5
Mr. Evershed should be established in the Borough
and that a town meeting should be convened to take
the matter into consideration ; for which purpose, a re-
quisition to the High Constable was put in course of
signature at the meeting. A Committeee of gentlemen
was also appointed to act with Mr. Evershed in carrying
forward the proposed measure, and a subscription list,
in support of a guarantee fund to provide for the ex-
pence of an application to Parliament, was opened by the
gentlemen present, Mr. George Wigney being ap.
pointed treasurer.--Brightotz Gazelle.

f Just ready, in '2 vols. Bvo., with numerous Engravings from
Original Paintings,
MEMOIRS OF
THE COURT OF ENGLAND,
During the REIGN of the STUARTS,
Including the PROTECTORATE.
By JOHN HENEAGE JESSE, Esq.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street,
Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

MAXWELL'S WELLINGTON.
DEDICATED, BY ESPECIAL COMMAND, TO HER
MAJESTY.

Just published in demy Svo., handsomely bound in cloth, price
11. Is., and in royal Svo., price 1/. lls. 6d.,
The First Volume of the
LIFE of the DUKE of WELLINGTON,
K. G. , G. C. 8., G. C. H. , &c. &c.
1 By W. H. MAXWELL, " " Tic-
" Stories of Waterloo," " The Bivouac,
Ailthor of
tories of the British Army," Sle•
Containing Portraits of the most distinguished Generals, and
Rer‘resentations of some of the most important Battles, together
with numerous Plans of Battles, several Maps, and a great num-
ber of Wood Engravings, illustrative of European and Eastern

Warfare,
Landon A. H. 13aly and Co., 83, Cornbill.

___-__—_--------
lliq MAJESTY the EMPEROR of
having AUTHORISED and GUA-
. DISTRIBUTIONS of MONEY
AI7STRIA
RANTEED severs. 4
hough they are NO LO '' i- T lEP.T.t.S)
PREMIUIIS, ':
"'4i, h ~f o,•ta"ininc, -
offer many possibilitaß 0
1-7
E ORTUNES,
HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURG H,
are NOW SELLING SHARES for the said DISTRIBU-
NS. Persons desirous to purcha.4e may receive, PRE-
VIOUS to giving any order, the PROSiDECTUS and PAR-
TICULARS, upon addressing, WITHOO r DELAY, a line
to HEINE, BROTHERS, at H,t3IBURGH.
T. S.—THE NEXT DISTRIBUTION contains Portions
of TWELVE THOUSAND, SIX THOUSANL, THREE
THOUSAND, ONE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED,
ONE THOUSAND, FIVE HUNDRED, TWO IiUN-
DRFD AND FIFTY, TWO HUNDRED, ONE HI/N-
-MI:I) AND FIFTY, and ONE HUNDRED POUNDS.
TIIF. DISTRIBUTING DAY BEING NEAR, and
!hares clearing off most rapidly, A RISE IN PRICE will
soon oecnr.

THEATRE ROYAL COVENT GARDEN.
UNDER TkIE MANAGEMENT OF MADAME
VESTRIS.
;THIS EVENING, TUESDAY, Nov. 12, 1839,
Will be repeated the New Original Play, in Five Acts, tenwrit
by James Sheridan Knowles, called
LOVE.
o; Carinthia, Mr. Cooper; Sir Rupert of Loreh, Mr.
J. Huon, Mr. Anderson ; the Countess of Eppen-
stein, Miss Ellen Tree.; Katherine, Madame Vestris.
After which,
PATTER VEASUS CLATTER.
Captain Patter, Mr. Charles Mathews.
To conclude with,
ADVICE GRATIS.
Mr. Odbody, Mr. W. Fsrreti; Mr. Eventide, Mr. F. Mat-
thews ; Mrs. Ezentide, Mrs. Orger.
To-morrow, Love, with He Would be an Actor.
Dress Boxes, is; Second Mee, 3s. 6d. ; First and Second
Ctrcle9, 3s. ; Second Price, .2s. ; Pit, 3s. ; Second Price,
; Gallery, Is.
Doors to be opened at half-past Six—the performances to

comulence at Seven o'Clock. -
Tickets and places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Notter,
at the Box-office, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets
may lie had upon application.
Private Boxes to be had solely of Mr. Andrews, bookseller,
IC, New Bond-street.

ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
Th„ production of Ainsworth's " Jack Sheppard," has attracted
c",pleta overflows, and been pronounced to be the greatest
a„bie.-eroent ever yet attempted, it will consequently be
„ted e,...ry Evening.
THIS EVENING, Nov. 12,

Will be acted, Ainsworth's celebrated Drama of
JACK SHEPPARD.
Illustrating all Crttihhanks' inimitable Tableaux Vivant.
Charaaers by Messrs. Saville, Dale. Heslop, Laws, Smith,
Poss. Neville; Mrs. Vining, Mrs. Daly, Miss Martin, Miss
Grant Mts. Laws, &c.
'i 0 conclude with an Extraordinary. Drama, in Two Acts, entitled
THE DEVIL'S DAUGHTERS; OR, HELL'S BELLES.
A.taroth, Mr. Neville ; Cerberus, Mr. Cullen ; Diavoline,
Martin!is Robert, Mrs. H. Vining; Polycarpe, Mr. W.
Smith ; Tambour, Mr. Ross.

- -
WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TOMORROW.
Morning,...... 2 , minutes after G I Evening ... 49 minutes after

*-4
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Zrbe 6.51131.

LONDON:
TUESDAY, NOVEM-.9ER 12, 1339.

We have frequently informed the Tories that agi-
tation is not their element. When men are in pos-
session of privileges it is their business to remain
content. The oppressed, the sufferers from wrong,
may agitate with advantage—the oppressors should
keep themselves as quiet as possible. Those who
have justice and reason on their side may appeal to
the public, those whose claims will not bear investi-
gation can do nothing better than keep them in the
back ground. The enthusiasts for liberty naturally
appeal for support to the public ; the Tories should
conspire. They should work in the Legislature,
the more secretly and silently the better. They
have nothing to recommend them to the nation, and
ought carefully to hold their peace. Like other
obstinate people, however, they have refused good
advice, and have persisted in their wilful course.
We cannot say we regret it, for we hear from mode-
rate men of ail parties, that the conduct of the
Tory bawlers has excited general disgust. Tory
parsons bullying in the pulpit, and disloyal Tory
orators ranting after dinner, have convinced the
public that Tory principles, properly followed out,
would lead to despotism both in Church and State,
for which the people are happily not yet prepared.
Of the unpleasant effects of Tory agitation the
country no x affords abundant proofs. Those gen-
tlemen are much mistaken if they think, after they
make the spring of political sentiment overflow, that
it will all run in Church and State channels. They
have depreciated the Government to the utmost of
their power, they have paraded its weakness, they
have by their own attacks on it encouraged the at-
tacks of others ; and the hostile feelings of which
they complain in Ireland, as well as the senseless
attack on Newport, are rather the consequence of
their insults, than of the wise forbearance of Lord
MELBOURNE'S Government. Of the former we
find an excellent illustration in the Times of
Saturday, and when we have shown the effects of
Tory agitation in Ireland, the reader will easily
trace its similar effects in Wales.

A writer in the Times, called ENEAS MAC•
D 0 x w EL, who has for a considerable period agi-
tated against the Catholics with the longest pole
he coal find, was at great pains on Saturday to
show that the Roman Catholic Prelates in Ire-
land, a few years ago, did all in their power to dis-
courage political agitation. "In the month of
February, 1830," he states, " the Roman Catholic
Archbishops and Bishops of Ireland published a
' pastoral address' to
.communion, in which they solemnly cautioned their
clergy against being connected •I, political
with agi-
tation. In the strongest language did these
Prelates admonish the Catholic Priests to relin-
quish all agitation for political •
objects. In 1833
the Prelates renewed their efforts, and inlB34adopted
a series of resolutions on the subject, 0„, of wt,;ch
declared "that their chapels are not to be used in fu-
ture for the purpose of holding therein any pubile
meeting, except in cases connected with charity or
religion." The writer is compelled to admit " that
during the whole period that intervened between the
passing of the Catholic Relief Bill and the ac-
cession of Lord IVItLsouRNE to the office of
_Prime Minister, the Roman Catholic Archbishops
mid Bishops of Ireland were, as a body, opposed
to any interference on the part of themselves or
their clergy in political proceedings." He takes
great pains also to show that in so acting they con-
forritxt to the admonitions of the most illustrious
Po?,-.s.

Why have they departed from this "n

duct since 1835 ? The answer is obv'ous. The
Tories on Lord MELBOURNE'S accession to office,
contiuued with the utmost vehemence the
cry of " No Popery," which they had
never laid entirely aside. Missions went forth
from Ireland to stir up Protestant zeal ; the pulpits
resounded with anathemas against the Papists ; the
Kentish fire, that superstitious glare which shone
on THoal at Canterbury, blazed high in Dublin,
under the bellows of Lord WINCHILSEA ; the
Scotch Kirk, and the sinecure Church of Ireland,
were alike infuriate in their attacks ; and the To.
rieu were to be carried into power by the flood-tide
of hatred to Popery. PETER DENS and Dr.
MVRRAY, the POPE and Jou/4 WHALE, Lord
MELBOURNE and Mr. O'CONNELL, were de-
nounced from one end of the land to the other.
The repeal of the Catholic Emancipation Act was
the watch-word of the zealots, and in its defence the
Catholic priesthood were
.driven again into that
course of political agitation by which they had con-
tributed to conquer it. Thus Mr. MACDONNEL,
writing in the Times, clearly establishes two most
important facts—first, that the Catholic priesthood
had, up to 1835, discountenanced political agitation,
and that since then they have been driven into it
by the absurd and wicked agitation of the Tories,
headed by the Priests, endeavouring to scale the
Cabinet by the help of bigotry and persecution.
We beg the reader to remember that this is
proved by the testimony of an enemy. Mr. MAC-
DONNEL seems a malicious ass, who quotes
facts for the purpose of damaging an oppo-
nent without knowing their bearings. He
is a true Irisher, who, in attempting to spear
Mr. O'CONNELL and the Whigs, has cut off his
own stupid noddle, which, by the bye, will be no
loss to any person but his opponents, whose cause
he so well serves. He has proved that the Ca-
holies wished for peace and abstained from agita-
tion, but that the attacks made on them compelled
them to stand on the defensive. His complaints of
the success of the agitation caused by the Tories,
proves the ruinous nature of the Tory policy, of
which this stupid man has latterly become a ser-
vile tool.

As agitation must be ruinous to the Tories, let us
again caution them against journals which promote
agitation. We do not pretend to be friends to them ;
we are open and determined enemies ; but we wish
for the public peace. The No Popery cry may be
profitable to the Times—it is ruinous to the To-
ries. A journal which is a staunch advocate for the
abolition of the Corn-laws—one pillar of the To-
ries, which assails the Bank of England almost
every day in its columns—another pillar of
Toryism, which is furious against the Poor-
Law, the landlords' new Charter, who are
nearly one and all Tories, a Journal which,
on these points, is completely anti-Tory, and which
shrives, by agitation, is a bad guide for the Tories,
to whom agitation must bring political death. By the
one particular case, borrowed from its own pages,
we have shown that the agitation which it has en-
couraged, has roused against them the energies,
and embittered the hatred of the priesthood, of one
third of the people. In like manner, the contempt
which the Tory Press has on the one hand thrown
on the Ministry, and the insults it has on the other
heaped on the Chartists, has both inflamed their
ire, and made them think success might be easily
attained. The persecution which the rabid Protes-
tant Tories essayed against the Catholics has kindled
again the political zeal of the latter, and the per-
secution which the tyrant political Tories urged
Against the Chartists the strong and indig-
naat feelings which their insults excited, have
much contributed to impel these unhappy men to
try their fortune against the law.

The fruit of Mr. ROWLAND HILL'S recent
visit to Paris, where he remained only eight days,
has just been published in the shape of a " Letter
to the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER." It is
replete with valuable statistics! matter, which we
shall take an opportunity of laying at length be-
fore our readers. In the mean time we must notice
some •f its prominent features.
Betwixt 1821 and 1837, the last year to which

the Post-office accounts in France have been com-
pleted, there has been no material change in the
rates of postage in either country, and in that time
the gross receipts of the French Post-
office have increased from 955,7081. to
1,615,294/. In the same period, the gross re-
ceipts of our Post-office have only increased from
2,308,706/. to 2,339,032/. There can, however,
be no do,ibt that in the same period the popula-
lation and commercial, as well as literary, inter-
course of England, have increased more than those
of France, from which we are driven at once to
the conclusion, that the Post-office of England,
does not answer even so well as that of France,
the purposes for which it is established and main-
tained. It does not to the same extent facilitate com-
munication between the different parts of the empire.
The expense of the Post-office in Fiance is about
20 per cent. more than the expense in England,
but several facts, mentioned by Mr. HILL, must be
taken into consideration before forming a conclusive
opinion on this point.
The privilege of franking is confined in France
to certain officials, but they are so numerous, and
the Government correspondence so extensive, that
they exceed both in number and in weight the franks
sent through our Post-office. The number is esti-
mated at about 24,000 per day, or 8,760,000 per
annum. The number of chargeable letters sent
through the French Post in 1837 was about
83,348,008--double letters being counted as two,
and so on ; and the number of Journals and printed
Papers 50,376,02'9, making, with the franks, the.
number of 142,484,037 letters and papers distri-
buted by the Post-office in one year. A table is given
of the letters received in Paris and dispatched on
the 15th of October, from which it appears that
91,180 letters and papers were received by morning
mails and delivered or forwarded, and 159,500,
were despatched. The morning labour began at ten
minutes past five, and ended at eleven o'clock.
The evening duty commenced at 30 minutes past
one, and ended at six o'clock. The letters, on the
whole, Mr. HILL says, are rather less, and the
Journals more numerous in France, than in Eng-
klnd, the totals being about equal.
The mails arrive in and leave Paris an hour
earlier than at London, and the letters are all deli-
vered by nine o'clock. Much of the acceleration in
the delivery of letters in France has of late been
introduced from the methods previously adopted in
England. The number of persons employed in
the principal office at Paris is 1,017, or just 21
more than the number employed in the principal
office in London, proving, we apprehend, that busi-
ness is really attended to in both, and that in neither
are there many sinecures.
We regret to perceive that the Council under
which the French Post-office is placed, have fre-
quently been compelled to dismiss letter-carriers for
neglect in the delivery of paid letters, whence it
was inferred by some of the gentlemen connected
with the Post-office in Paris, that pre-payment would
lead to irregularities in the delivery of letters. Mr.
HILL still thinks, however, and so does M. Pr R ON,
Sous-Directeur, that the system of receipts
pro-
posed by Mr. HILL, with some other securities,
which l
ie
of p
suggests,re.. willpre-paid
id
leefftteecrtsu.ally provide for the
safe delivery
Great use seems to be made in France of the
privilege of
sendingsmall sums by the Post-
office. In 1837
, upwards of 646,000/. was so
sent, and so small a sum as half a franc, at a
commission of S per cent., may thus be sent to any
part of France. We may
anticipate that such re.

mittances will be made much more frequently
through our Post-office than at present when they
can be announced for Id. each. Such a facility
will tend very much to keep alive friendly affections
between relatives, and Post-office Reform will have
a most beneficial influence on the moral feelings.
The practice of sorting is different in the two
Post-offices ; in London, the letters are placed on a
table with the addresses uppermost ; in Paris they
are thrown into boxes crossing each other, as twenty
sorters throw them in all directions and sometimes
meeting they fall wrong. Each Office, it is said,
prefers its own plan.
As our letters are henceforward to be charged
by weight, it is of importance to state that letters
are taxed after the English manner at the rate of 33
per minute, while, according to the French method,
letters being charged by weight, only 26 are sorted
per minute. Mr. HILL, however, says, that he
believes, on the whole, the plan of taxing by weight
will, after a little time, be performed more rapidly
than the present mode of taxing. We anticipate,
however, many improvements on this point when
the great principle of studying the public advan-
tage, instead of exclusively securing the revenue,
guides our Post-office authorities.

There are many other points in th• report worthy
of notice, but we can only refer to one. News-
papers in Paris, which are received only at the
principal office, must be brought before two
o'clock, unless previously sorted for the roads, when
they are received till three. This is a great con-
venience to the Paris Post-office, which convenience
is further promoted by the manner in which the
newspapers are folded, flat, and directed with the
address always uppermost. One man sorted 157
newspapers in two minutes. Mr. HILL sug-
gests that newspaper publishers in London might
in some way sort their papers according to the
Post-office arrangements. We must remind him
that the newsmen—a very numerous body—
almost exlusively send papers from London ; while
in Paris, the newspaper publishers—a compa-
ratively small body—exclusively send them to
the country. The newsmen may sort their news-
papers on the principle we have suggested, if
the Post-office supply boxes, but they never
will on the principle adopted by the French
Post-office and French journal publishers. We
could say, we think, a great deal, both on behalf
of the public and on behalf of the newspaper pro-
prietors, why greater facilities should be given them
for receiving communications and sending away
newspapers than at present, instead of limiting the
time for sending papers to the Post-office, at which
Mr. HILL'S report seems to point. At present
we shall content overselves with observing that the
numerous improvements lately made by double
mails, &c., both in sending letters from, and bring-
ing them to, London, have redounded amazingly
little, or not at all, to the advantage of news-
papers, or to the metropolitan public.

We see by the Scots Times—a long extract from
which will be found in another part of The Sun—that
IVIr.WA LLACE, M.P. for Greenock, in following out
his plan of Scotch Law Reform, moved a series of
Resolutions at the Renfrewshire Quarter Sessions,
held on the 29th ult., for increasing the salaries of
the Sheriffs-Substitute throughout Scotland, and
particularly the salaries of the Sheriffs for that
County. The Hon. Gentleman prefaced these Re-
solutions by a long and lucid exposition of the
various and highly important duties appertaining to
the office of Sheriff-Substitute; dwelt upon the fact
that such complex duties could only be adequately
performed by the close application of much time
and great talents ; and instanced cases in
which the salaries of Sheriffs-Substitute do
not at present exceed the paltry sum of
2001. a year. The Sheriffs' Courts in Scot-
land exercise a jurisdiction almost as varied as
the whole of the Civil and Criminal Courts of this
country. They are at one and the same time
Debtors' Courts, Courts of Bankruptcy and
Sequestration, Courts of Admiralty, Courts of
Excise, and Courts of Supreme Criminal Ju-
dicature. In addition to their onerous duties
as Judges, Magistrates, Assessors, and Supreme
Conservators of the Peace, the Sheriffs of
Scotland must perform the functions of Co-
roners in this country. Public services to be
well done must be adequately remunerated ; and
we can readily perceive, in the general statement of
the Hon. Member for Greenock, the cause of the
many flagrant abuses in the past administration of
the Sheriffs' Courts, to which Mr. WALL ACE was
himself one of the first to direct the attention
of the Legislature. While the Judges of the Su-
preme Courts in Scotland receive a bounty for doing
nothing for more than half the year in the shape of
exorbitant salaries, many of the Sheriffs-Substitute
are so ill paid that they cannot afford, unless pos-
sessed of a private fortune, to perform the proper
functions of their office with that degree of promp-
titude which constitutes the peculiar excellence of
the administration of justice in a free country. This
is entirely attributable to the aristocratic system
which pervades every executive department, whe-
ther in Church or State of this country.
Our rulers assume that there is so little true
religion among the upper classes, that were
not a Bishopric and a palace, with the income
of a Lord Chancellor, incontrovertible terms,
no young man of respectable family would be
ever seen in a pulpit. The scions of the
aristocracy, to preach CHRIST crucified,
must be impelled, not by Gospel promises
and heavenly rewards, but by princely incomes,
high ecclesiastical dignities, and lordly titles. The
lustre which these pampered minions of the Court
are presumed to shed on the clerical profession is
deemed reward enough for hard-working Curates
starving on forty pounds a-year. As it is with the
piety of the aristocracy so it is presumed to be with
regard to their patriotism. To provoke their com-
petition with plebeians for serving their country
as soldiers, mariners, magistrates, or in any other
useful capacity, it is deemed necessary to hold
out the inducement of golden prises,—of rich re-
wards in honours, decorations, ranks, and emolu-
ments, which, by a tacit understanding, in ninety-
sine cases out of every hundred, are sure of falling
exclusively to their share. Hence the anomalies which
we daily witness of ill-paid offices with heavy and
responsible duties attached to them, side by side
with places of no trust and immense profits. The
people's wants and the inherent utility of the offices
are lost sight of, rather than we should lose a chance
of the inestimable blessing of seeing the offspring
of Lords gracing the Bench, and wagging their
aristocratic " pows" in our parish pulpits.
From these remarks it will be easily inferred that
so far from thinking Mr. WALLACE inconsistent
with himself in opposing a Bill in Parliament for
augmenting the salaries of the Judges of the Court
of Session, and in now moving the increase of the
salaries of the Sheriffs-Substitige, we, on the con-
trary, witness in his conduct astriich he ia
strict adherence
beenceto
those principles of economy, of
wb
for so many years the staunch advocate. Jus-
tice and enund economy equally recommena
that every man shoold be fairly and liberally remu-
nerated for his labour, and that po man should be
stinted of his reward for the purpose of itl44ruP"
lt ionog,
itshperomoted by mokin
ts, promising an increapstoeosissuoiefbiolyeti ronfe s wrueei:ephizi
fs ibi
gains of a less useful servant. Morality,
the servants of the public
contented in their situations, instead of holding out
inducements to them to intrigue for kcal *POO'
men
plfaabt
ionsot, taoi
ou 1 s
tvreornyg
and never yielded to without pernicious
ricie.rtseyia_ssteetaeo,nfi