The Sun.
London, England, 1839-09-17 00:00:00

INTERIOR.

" Don Carlos has claimed our hospitality and a refuge.
Etc has just entered France with his family."
" BAYONNE, SEPT. 14.
"THE GENERAL COMMANDING THE 20TH MILI TACT( DIVISION
TO THE MINISTER CF FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
" General Eguia, the Marquis de Valdespinas, and Syl-
vestre, the Commander-in-Chief of the Engineers, entered
France yesterday by the Aldudes."
Thus closes the infamous career of CARLOS,
unless the French Government has yielded to his
solicitations to be allowed to traverse France without
an escort of Gendarmes, which, of course, would
be equivalent to giving him passports to join
CABRERA, in Catalonia or Arragon. This
supposition is too dishonourable to France
to be seriously entertained for a moment,
whatever probability it may appear to derive from
the negligence of the French Government on a
former gccasion. Of the character of CARLOS the
world can now form a pretty correct estimate. In
a war of six years' duration he exhibited through-
out the bloodthirstiness of a brigand united with
the skulking cowardice of a pickpocket, and the
narrow bigotry of a monk. He never so far offered
violence to his nature as to perform one generous
action, or to give expression to one ennobling
sentiment. His personal safety was 'his first
care, and took precedence in his thoughts
and deliberations of that of his Consort and
family. No generous impulse impelled the Durango
but9her to stipulate, in any instance, for the pro-
tection of the simple peasantry, whose happy homes
he made desolate, and then abandoned with his
army at the first approach of an exasperated enemy.
Having plundered them of their property in the
*ape of military exactions, and dragged their
young men from under the parental roof to shed
their blood in his cause, he was the first to meditate
the assassination of the General who, seeing the re-
bellion hopeless, had advised that they should be
included in the amnesty which was to accompany
the act of surrender. The Journal des Debats
states Willy that the Pretender destroyed himself
in his treacherous attempt to destroy MA ROTO.
CA.RLOs wag the first to propose a neaotiation for
pee carried u to be 0
ied on by General MAROTO ; but
he
in dSing so.
, had no intention of going farther
than to involve MAnoTo in what he hoped his
other Generals would regard as a treasonable con-
spiracy, and so have him shot. The cunning fow-
ler was here caught in his own snare. The pros-
pea of peace upon any terms filled the army with
joy? and the insidious coward who
_ treason,proposed
it with rage and despair. He shouted
fled like a hunted hare when none pursued, after
vainly endeavouring to provoke MA ROTO'S troops
to fire upon their General. MAROTO had no al-
ternative but to come to terms at once with the
QUEEN'S Government. Had CARLOS not at-
tempted openly to have him assassinated, there is
no doubt but that he would have procured such
terms for the Pretender, his family, the Basque
Provinces, and the army, that an immediate and
general pacification of Spain would have
I been the result. He had even stipulated that
CARLOS should be recognised as Infant, and that
in the event of the death of Queen IsABELLA
without heirs, the Crown of Spain should revert to
the Pretender's descendants. But, before such a
stipulation could be represented to the Madrid Ca-
binet, CARLOS, by a premature exposure of his own
treachery, rendered the friendly intentions of MA-
-1 40TO abortive, and compelled him in self-defence
Ith declare at once for peace and the constitutional
Government.
The Times of this morning has a rabid attack

on the British Government for treating with MA-
RoTo, whom it foully and falsely accuses them of
bribing to betray his master—" work too dirty for
Frenchmen to meddle with." Let us set the
Times right upon one or two rather important
points. In negociating with MAROTO the British
Government only complied with the written
soli-
citations of CARLos himself; for, as we stated
above, it was CARLOS who first suggested the
egociation, for the purpose, as subsequently
transpired, not of obtaining peace, but of involving
MARoTo in a conspiracy, which would serve as a
pretext for murdering him. The negotiation ter-
minated with the surrender of MAROTo, and that
followed close upon the heels of CARLOS ex-
posure of his own duplicity. Our Government,
therefore, had nothing to do with MAROTO apart
from CARLos and the whole of his partizans. So
much for the first falsehood of this charge. As
regards the second, about " the work being too
dirty for Frenchmen to meddle with," it may
suffice to borrow the following paragraph from the
Castellano of Madrid, which appeared in the Times
itself, no longer ago than yesterday
When Espartero and Maroto were negotiating the
Convention, a French Envoy, who was present. proposed
to give an account of the arrangement to his Government
which would guarantee the treaty ; but that Espartero
rising from his seat and offering his hand to Maroto, said—
'ls my word of .honour, which I pledge solemnly, a suffi-
cient guarantee for you? If you are satisfied with it,
we do not require any other security. In the contrary
case, let the affair be decided by our armies.' Maroto is
reported to have replied—' Your word of honour, as a
General, is for me a greater guarantee than that of France.
Ido not.' require any other.' And the treaty was then
concluded."

With respect to the Times' last objection to
treating with MAROTO, namely, that he is a
murderer, we cannot see how the Government
could treat with CARLOS at all if murder and
treason were to prevent all communication between
our agents and the Carlist chiefs. The cowardly
butcher of Durango eannot surely claim any ex-
emption from the infamy of having steeped his
hands in the blood of the innocent and the defence-
less. CABRERA, now become the idol of Tory wor-
ship, is far from being so immaculate as to claim a
fellowship with Lord JOHN HAY, ColonelWYLDE,
and ESPARTERO, to the exclusion of the blood-
stained MA ROTO. Let us, as Englishmen, view
the enormities of CARLOS and his Generals in
their proper light. MAROTO executed,Generals in
the sight of the whole Carlist army, and at the
head-quarters of the Pretender ; but CARLos
himself confined his heroism to the murder of de-
fenceless prisoners, and most of his other followers,
CABRERA included, gathered their laurels in cot•
tages strewed with slaughtered peasants, women,
and children, and among the ruins of smoking
villages.

The Tories are said to be just at present ex-
tremely assiduous in gaining influence over the
Press. A journal, called the Conservative Journal
has just been brought under our notice, which is to
fight on the Tory side with new forces, and inspired
with new vigour. In the country, we are told, they
are advancing their money to start new journals,
and the clergy are devoting themselves to the
duties of editors. In London, according to report,
the Carlton Club has not been idle, and is said to have
lately acquired the property of one of the oldest me-
tropolitan journals. These are not the only proofs of
their vigour ; they do not neglect the registration,
and are every where buying, bribing, coaxing, per-
suading, and compelling men to support them.
They are filled with hopes, and their vigour is in
proportion. They are to succeed at the next elec-
tion ; and they long to be again trying the force
of bribery, as at Cambridge, and of lying, as at
Manchester. They have no amiable weaknesses,
no touch of shame, or they would shrink back, dis-
gusted at being the instruments for corrupting and
degrading their fellow-creatures.

We are willing to suppose them successful, for

the sake of ar,aumenti willing to suppose that
bribery and intimidation have installed them in
office, and that they are once more wielding all the
power of a smiling Court. We want to know,
however, what then will they do ? The Revenue,
tasked to its utmost by the present Ministers, will bear
no new burdens. An addition of a few score hungry
Tory placemen, and all the Whigs cannot be re-
moved, will break the hack of the public resources.
If the Tories come into office it must be to starve
their friends and be more rigid economists than Mr.
HUME.

What, too, can the assiduous parsons expect?
Do they believe that Sir ROBERT PEEL will divide
parishes, create new livings, and double the number
and income of the incumbents ? Not he. In the
present state of the wages of labour and commercial
difficulty, he would not give an additional farthing
to the parsons were he in office to-morrow, though
he might possibly, for the sake of providing religious 1
instruction for the people, which he says is the
first duty of a State, distribute the revenues of the
Sees of Canterbury, London, Winchester, and Lin-
coln, among a working body of Evangelical
Clergy Or BAPTIST NOELS. He might too, as he
is a great stickler for religious instruction, think that
it was his duty to see that the revenues of the
ihurch were properly disposed of, and he might
be convinced that the good of the Church, and the
advancement of Protestantism, required that the
estates of the Mere Hospital, and similar institu-
tions should be resumed, and such people as the
idle PRETYMANS not be suffered to take the bread
out of the mouth of GOD'S active working ministers.
The parsons cannot, we presume, expect that the
accession of the Tories to office should give new
lustre and force to their doctrines, and if they can
expect neither that nor an increase of income from
the accession of the Tories, what will they gain by
it ? A power to persecute the Catholics I Is that
their object ? Do they labour to revive a political
inquisition ? They will be disappointed. When

they have rolled back the tide of time for a few
hundred years, they may re-establish the persecut-
ing supremacy of one Church, whether it will be the
Anglican or the Roman will not be of much conse-
quence. They are fit for either. A Tory parson may
get a living from a Tory Chancellor, and a Whig
parson be obliged to stick to his curacy ; a Tory
Colonel may get a regiment, a Tory Captain of the
Navy may get a ship, a few Tory Generals, Ad-
mirals, and diplomatists may get employment, but
in what way will the great bulk of the nation profit
by the change ? The Tories would, we have no
doubt, be more coercive, bloody-minded, and exact-
ing, more covetous, greedy, and grasping than the
Whigs, but the nation is not disposed to submit to
tyranny, and the public means of feeding ava •
rice seem exhausted. We put it once more
to the Tories to bethink them what they
would be able to do were they again re-
stored to power. We know what they would try
to do ; but they would be unable to gratify either
their avarice or their love of tyranny. The Liberals
at the same time know that the Tories are more easily
kept from doing mischief out of office than in office,
and they will, we hope, spare themselves the trouble
of kicking out the Tories by not allowing them to
get in.

We have brought together all the information
which has transpired concerning the refusal of a
banking house at Paris and at Havre to answer the
drafts of the United States Bank. According to
current reports, the credit and stability of that Bank
had already become doubtful, and measures of an
extraordinary nature have already been had recourse
to, both in London and at Amsterdam, to support
it. A serious blow to its credit will produce very
important effects in the United States, where it is
the principal Bank and the main stay of a consider-
able number of subordinate Banks. Nor will Eng-
land escape the reverberation of the shock. A
commercial disorganisation in the United States
would prevent remittances of all kinds to Europe,
and commercial credit here, which is not in a very
sound state, may reel under the blow. We have no
wish to paint things blacker than they are, but we
have,let us own, a great mistrust of our system, which
seems to us to be founded on false, or at least ill under-
stoodprinciples ; and, like many other persons, we
are apprehensive
in an immenseehensivethatit crash.
Let some time or other
terminate
Let us first remark that it is impossible for any
class of statesmen to
the laws of commercial .be correctly acquainted with
offspring
the same in New
caonmy m
kinder m al
of c rieedgiitsi a t
iTo
uh,e They
oar r et
they
yt
are the
at Amsterdam ; York,thouglh
cities may be essential the London,legislation at
of Paris,th e fourand
y different. They grow, in
fact, from one very palpable general fact, namely,
that various and different periods of time are required
to perfect and bring to market almost all the commo-
dities of which a man makes use. Thus it requires
a year to prepare raw cotton ; it is an annual
product, like the greater portion of agricul-

tural commodities ; but after the raw cotton
reaches Manchester it can be made into cloth and
sent into the market in a few days. The sale of the
agriculturist's commodity cannot, therefore, be rea-
lized in less than a year after he begins his labours,
while the sale of a piece of manufactured goods can
be made in a few weeks or even days after the ma-
nufacturer begins his task. Now all trade in the
long run consists in the barter of one commodity for
another, and as those commodities which require
long periods to produce them are as equally
useful, or as equally indispensible as those
which are the produce of short periods, vo
barter could take place of one for the other,
except credit were given to the producers of com-
modities requiring most time to produce them.
All commodities are produced in unequal pe-
riods, and that great natural fact is the
real foundation of the whole system of commercial
credit, including banking, the discount of bills, and
all the multiplied occupations of modern commerce,
exclusive of transport, which intervene before an
exchange is effected between the different classes of
producers. But the fact is not only the founda-
tion of commercial credit, it governs commercial
credit or prescribes laws to it at all times, which
hence are similar all over the world.
Now with these laws statesmen must be most
imperfectly acquainted, because the facts by which
they can be ascertained lie beyond the ordinary
tracks of their researches ; but still more because
the facts themselves are only in course of develop-
ment. It follows from the circumstance which is the
natural basis of credit, that every improvement in
art, by which commodities are brought to mar et
in a shorter time, influences the extent of credit
which commercially can and ought to be given. The
wonderful improvements, for example, in manufac-
turing processes, which enable the manufacturers to
send their commodities to market in an incredibly
short space of time, necessarily increases the
credit they must give to those whose productive
processes, from whatever causes, are not diminished
in duration. Moreover, as division of labour ex-
tends, each manufacturer performs only a part of a
series of manipulations, of which he before per-
formed the 'whole. But each one of the series is per-
formed in a different period, and hence a fresh and
continually welling source of credit. From these
two causes combined, the increased celerity of pro-
duction and the extension of division of labour,
both of which are continually in operation,
has arisen most of that commercial credit which
is one distinguishing characteristic of mo-
dern society. Now it is plain and palpable
that statesmen, can know little or nothing of these
circumstances, which ale only growing, as it were,
into existence. They know as little of them as
they know whether an infant will become a tall or
a short man, a knave or a person of consummate
integrity.
But though they neither do nor can know any
thing of the laws which regulate commercial credit,
there is nothing which of late years they have so
perpetually meddled with. We have no recollection
of a single year, during the last thirty years, in
which the Parliament of England, and probably
the States in America, have not interfered in some
way or other, either to proscribe one species of
tradesman, called a private banker, or one species
of credit note, called a private bank note, or to
give peculiar power and value to some pet promise-
to pay of their own, or some corporation, which
grows rich by being a legalised monopolist of credit.
It has, however, been quite impossible for them to
alter the natural facts on which commercial credit

depends. They have not been able for example to
render it unnecessary for the inhabitants of the
United States who are generally engaged in processes
of agriculture, requiring a long period to complete
them, to borrow of the manufacturers of England,
whose products are brought to market in short periods.
They have not been able, therefore, to shut out the
competition of foreign borrowers, though they have
shut out the competition of foreign producers.
The Bank of the United States, in spite of the mo-
nopoly granted to the Bank of England, has, in
fact, brought its paper here, and circulated it or
sold it on our Stock Exchange. The landlords
could not limit the operations of the manufacturers
of paper, though they have put a stop to the means
of payment. If Mr. BIDDLE and his friends
could have imported corn freely into England, they
would have had less temptation to bring so much
paper, and more means to pay what they
brought. The Bank would probably not have
been discredited.
Since the Bank of England began to totter, from
her golden foundations being undermined by the drain
to buy foreign corn, the close connection between the
credit system and the Corn-laws has become appa-
rent to. every man. . The difficulties of the United
States Bank are connected with the same cause.
To keep in activity and health that extraordinary
system of combined production which has grown
up in modern times, and of which the labours of
the American cotton-grower and of the English
spinner are equally essential parts, it is indispen-
sable that the rude hand of the ignorant legislator
should not interfere either with the credit,
which is a necessary part of that great
natural system, or with the products, whether
of agriculture or manufactures, which are to be
exchanged one for the other. But it has not only
torn asunder the meshes of credit, it has also ar-
rested the production of the articles to be exchanged,
and the present and the apprehended distress and
confusion are sonic of the consequences. The
Corn-laws and Bank monopolies being at the bot-
tom of all these derangements, and they being up-
held by powerful sinister interests, what else can be
monthly, weekly, or even daily expected than
commercial distress and commercial ruin ?

We have teceivetl the whole of the French Jour-
nals of Sunday. With the exception of the impor-
tant news given elsewhere from Spain, they contain
no intelligence of much political interest.

The Commerce states that the Government has
signed a treaty recognizing the independence of
Texas.

Letters from Constantinople, of the 27th ult.,
have reached us. They state that the greatest
harmony prevailed among the Representatives of
the Five Powers on the Oriental question. Poli-
tical events had made no apparent progress.

TORTOINIPS.-PARIS, 'SUNDAY, SEPT. 15.

HALF-PAST Two.—Of the Three per Cents. for the
Account there have been neither buyers nor sellers to-day,
consequently, not one bargain done; if there was one it
was not public.

The Lisbon Journals received yesterday furnish
us with a striking exemplification of the tacit parti-
cipation of the Portuguese Government in the foul
aspersions cast upon Great Britain by the cowardly
and detestable man-stealers whose fury we have
provoked by passing the Portuguese Slave Trade
Suppression Bill. In the official part of the
Diario, the Government organ, we find the scoun-
drel SANTA CLARA, who advertised his readiness
to volunteer in the quality of officer or private
against Great Britain, and who vowed to make a
bonfire of all the British goods of which he was
possessed on learning that Parliament had
passed the Slave-Trade Suppression Bill, actually
promoted, two days after this infamous declaration
to the rank of Captain in the 13th Regiment of
Infantry. And that this promotion may not be
mistaken, the same cowardly rascal—for a coward
we are confident he is—has since his promotion to
a Captaincy, published a challenge to Lord
BROUGHAM, in which he invites the Noble and
Learned Lord to meet him on the confines of some
neutral State, and there he will revenge himself
for the insults offered to his nation I We should
not be surprised to learn that the father of this SANTA
CLARA, if not himself, was some refugee fed
and clothed by our bounty—the offspring of some
viper warmed into life in our bosom ; for experi-
ence has taught us, that few others have the mean-
ness to attempt to traduce the Britsh name. 'With
the conduct'of such a wretch we have, however,
nothing more to do than as he appears to act under
the sanction of the Ministry. His promotion to a
higher rank in the army, only two days after he had
exerted himself to provoke the massacre of the
English residents in Lisbon, is presumptive
evidence that his sentiments were not dis-
approved of by the Ministry. Now this is
a matter which we trust Lord PALMERSTON
will not permit to escape his attention. Portugal
evidently stands in need of being brought to her
senses ; and though the circumstance we have no-
ticed above is trivial in itself, yet it indicates too
plainly the spirit of the Lisbon Cabinet to be for
one instant mistaken. We pass over as too ridi-
culous for serious notice the rumours about the
fitting out of the Don John, 74, the only hne.of.
battle ship
Portugal possesses, to make prizes in I

the British Channel. We have too much re•
spect for Constitutional Liberty in any State
possessing a Constitution, to hold the Go-
vernment responsible for the warlike threats
of an irresponsible mob, or even for the foul misre-
presentations of the opposition press. But it is
one thing for a Government to tolerate the abuse
of an ally, and another to reward the authors of
such abuse without the pretext of any other ser-
vice more deserving of distinction. SANTA CLARA
was only known in Lisbon as a madman and a
fool before he endeavoured to excite the African
man-stealers to redden the waters of the Tagus with
the blood of British subjects, and only two days
afterwards the Portuguese Government discovered
in him the requisites for a Captain of Infantry I
This is not to be tolerated.