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LONDON:
TUESDAY, AUGUST 20, 1839.

In the House of Lords last night, the Duke of
WELLINGTON and Lord LYNDHURST presented peti-
tions against the Manchester and Balton Police Bills,
which may be taken as symptomatic of the fate of those
Bills.

Lord BROUGHAM brought the Auchterarder case
' before the Peers, and complained of the Government
having, as he understood, sanctioned a proceeding in
the Lord High Commissioner which was at variance
with the law of the land. Viscount MELBOURNE ex-
plained that the Government had not counteracted the
law, but merely authorised the Lotto ADVOCATE to
I confer with the Procurator-General of the Church as
to the means of putting an end to the dispute. The
Kirk will hardly thank Lord Beouetiasi for asserting
that its peace solely depended on strict obedience to
" the law—for that makes the Kirk and makes religion
inferior to and dependent for everything on the law,
which good members of the Kirk will never admit. 1
The Poor-law Commissioners Continuance Bill was
read a third time and passed.
The Poor ttates Collection Bill was postponed in
accordance with the wish of Lord LYNDHURST, who
said that he knew its history, and that it was framed
on a misrepresentation to meet the ease of Lambeth.
I Vi3eoolll DUNCANNON said several other parishes
were in the same condition, and that unless the Bill
avere passed there would be no possibility of keeping
t the poor during the year. He, however, postponed
! the Jill till this day.
Vi,eount DuecesiNoe moved the second reading
of the Naochester Police Bill. The Duke of WEL-
, LI NGTON mowed that it be read a second time that
day three montlis. He said that there at present ex-
isted in Manchester a means for organizing a more
efficient police than that proposed by the Bill.
Lord BROUGHA M and Lord WHARNCLIFFE also
opposed it. Lord Wiekecsw deserted his usual leader,
and declared that he would vote for it. The Bill was
read a second time on the suggestion of Lord
/31:0(;61-1A31, and the debate on it is to take place to-
dee. If the Duke of WELLINGTON should not change
biedetermination the Bill will be endangered.
Tiie Bolton Police Pill was also read a second time.
'lie Birmingham Police Bill, and the Slave Trade
Sureearession Bill were both passed.
The. Earl of MINT() took the opportunity of stating
that of .jait information had been received that orders
had been gfven to the agents and servants of those
engaged in the Traffic to poison a cask of wine to be
left on deck, and ooison the water also, so that, in the
event of being capt,n'ed, the captors might drink of the
poisoned beverages, aod be destroyed. So one diabolical
crime leads to another ; and the last contemplated crime
is surely as atrocious a osee as ever was practised.
1 Their Lordships rose at Half-past Seven.
. The Commons met at ,iwelve o'clock, but passed
the whole of the time nerli till they adjourned
P
in squabbling about roceeci.:ii,g with the Bank
of Ireland job. Again the House presented an
j appearance worthy only a
of 'action fight in
1 Ire-
land. The Bill was put off tilli this day. At the
Ii same sitting the Lords' amendments 'to the Metropolis
tan Police Bill were agreed
When the Rouse met at 7. . 5 o'clock Mr. Gls BORNE
gave notice that he will
move an instruction to the
Committee on the Bank of Ireland Bill to limit its ex-
clusive operation to 3.; miles.
In answer to questions, the LORD ADVOCATE
3i stated
that he means next year to bring in a
Bill to put an
end to the manufacture of fictitious votes, and that the
Glasgow University is under consideration.
Bill,
at.i4.,r a
The Duke of NI A ILLBOROUG le s Pension
brief conversation, was read a second time.
On the motion for a Committee OR Funding Exehe-
quer
Bills, the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER
lexplained his late operations, in which there was
not much
new, nor satisfactory, except the state-
, meat that 700,0001. of his loan was yesterday subscribed
for at the same terms as the Bank had proposed to
fund Exebecluer Bills. The usual dryness of a financial
discussion %etas enlivened by the animation with which
Sir JOHN R. „REID abused the Tones for abusing the
Bank. As a scold, great as is our Contemporary, we
must declare that vee think the Governor of the Bank,
when clothed in his peivileree, is a match even for the
Times. '['he CH tNCFLLOR
resolutions :roved by the .' " '
of the EXCHEQUER were aslreed to. The House rose
at an early hour.
- -

1 The Bishop of EXETER, WC Verceive, has com-
menced a series of " Visitations in the Diocese
over which he presides. The purpose of a visita-
tion, as, our readers are no doubt aware, is to de-
liver 'what isr called a " charge" to the Clergy of a
_ _ --

_

particular district ; which charge, if we may judge
by the sample before us, is not confined exclusively
to purely religious matters, as it might be supposed
au address from a Right Reverend Father in
GOD to a congregation of clergymen would
be, but admits of a goodly portion of politi-
cal alloy. Dr. PHILPOTTS is not a man likely
to omit any opportunity of dealing a blow either to a
religious or political opponent. He isHaeviisolwenitth,
aalnad
at the same time a bitter, enemy.
first-rate writer of pamphlets, a somewhat fluent, if
not an eloquent speaker, and as a charge is some-
thing between a pamphlet and a speech, the Bishop
of EXETER is esteemed one of the best chargers on
the Bench.
This pugnacious Minister of the Gospel of Peace
commences his operations at Totnes, by a fierce
onslaught upon the Government for its impartial
conduct towards the different classes of religionists
in some of the colonies. As the Government of
this country finds that these colonies—Australia for
instance—consist not exclusively of Church-of-
Englandists, but of a mixture of all sects, and has
even adopted the policy of encouraging emigra-
tion without distinction of sect, it conceived
that it would neither be fair, nor just, nor sa-
vouring of a Christian spirit, that religious pro-
vision should be made for one favoured sect
and the rest be left to shift for themselves as they
best could. Besides, the evils arising out of the su-
premacy of a pet sect at home are too great
and manifold not to have impressed the minds of
her MAJESTY'S Ministers wittli the necessity of
putting all on an equal footing abroad. This galls
the Bishop of EXETER and other ecclesiastics, who
regard that religious equality, which some very good
Christians esteem to be a fundamental principle
of the Gospel of CHRIST, as totally abhorrent
from the genius of the Church of England, highly
derogatory to its dignity, and incompatible with its
existence. "In the last four years," this worthy
Bishop tells his clergy, she calls them, " equal
encouragement had been given by the Government
to every form of religion in the most important
dependencies of the British Crown. In Australia
a system had been sometime pursued, showing
an utter indifference whether the national treasures
were expended in the propagation of religious
truth, or of error and falsehood." With this Right
Reverend bigot every thing is error and falsehood
that is not in strict conformity with the Articles and
Liturgy of the Church of England. He takes upon
himself, with the arrogance inherent in his order,
to decide at once what " truth" is, and from his
truth no man must dissent. And yet this meek
and humble successor of the Apostles can
lift up his episcopal hands in amazement
at the pretensions of infallibility put forth by the
Church of Rome ! When are the members of a
State-Established system of faith to learn the most
important of all truths, that in religion " every man
standeth or falleth to his own master ;" that to
every man that which he believes to be the truth is
the truth ; and that hence arises the duty, incumbent
on all men, of mutually respecting the rights of
conscience ? This is a duty which few ecclesiastics
understand, and still fewer rpractise. It accords
not with any of the systems of State religion which
have been erected on the ruins of the New Testa-
ment. It finds no favour in the eyes of men whose
minds are so engrossed with temporal concerns and
selfish interests, that they lose the faculty of dis-
cerning spiritual objects, and are incapable of ap-
preciating the value of any doctrine, principle, or
practice, which may in any way interfere with those
Interests.

We have seen a list of the persons transported
or confined on account of the petty disturbances at
Llanidloes and its neighbourhood in Wales, and
they amount to 39 ; one of them said to have been
convicted by mistake, he bearing the same name as
a greater culprit. They have, dependent on them,
upwards of one hundred persons. Most of them
are imprisoned for six months, two for two months
each, and three for a year, while four are to be
transported. What a sum of misery spread
over months and years, inflicted for a tempo-
rary ebullition. If the rioters had devastated
half the Principality they could scarcely have caused
more misery than is inflicted by the law. It tor-
tures, while the most diabolical of them would only
kill. The prisoners confined in Montgomery Gaol
have barely food enough to keep them alive, and
they are not allowed to buy more. So we believe
it is the case with the prisoners confined in War-
wick Gaol ; they are subjected to the prison
allowance, and can get nothing but that.
We do not believe that the middle
tiuv c Lucy may be alarmed
ttm idle boasting and brawling of a few noisy
persons, Will long tolerate that the prisons of this
country should be made a means of torturing per-
sons for political offences. Their good-will will not
be obtained by pandering to their present errors.
We trust therefore, that the Government will inter-
fere, and rescue these prisoners from the mercies
of Visiting Magistrates' regulations and Gaol allow-
ances.

The Bishop of LONDON last night moved an
address to her Majesty, to direct an inquiry into
the disease and destitution which prevail amongst
the labouring classes in certain districts of the me-
tropolis, how far similar diseases and destitution
prevail in other parts of England, and into the
measures necessary to remove these evils. The
Bishop has been stimulated, we believe, to take
this step by an Appendix to the Fifth Annual
Report of the Poor-law Commissioners concerning
the prevalence of fever in twenty metropolitan
unions drawn up by Dr. SOUTHWOOD SMITH. In
that appendix, for which we are obliged to the Poor-
law Commissioners, though we are surprised after all
the previous inquiries by Commissions and Com-
mittees that such information should be now to seek,
we have a statement which is well calculated to
alarm the opulent, and convince them that it is not
safe for themselves to leave in their own neighbour..
hood such masses of pestilence. Self-love, in this
case as probably in most cases, and social, are the
same, and the benevolence that aids the poor
would secure more vigorous and certain health to
the rich :
" Such is the filthy, close, and crowded state of
the houses," says Dr. Smith, " and the poisonous
condition of the localities in which the greater part
of the houses arc situated, from the total want of
drainage, and the masses of putrefying matters of all
sorts which are allowed to remain and accumulate
indefinitely, that during the last year, in several of the pa-
rishes, both relieving officers and medical men lost their
lives in consequence of the brief stsy in these places which
they were obliged to make in the performance of their
duties. Yet in these pestilential places the industrious
poor are obliged to take up their abode ; they have no
choice ; they must live in what houses they can get near-
est the places where they find employment. By no pru-
dence or forethought on their part can they avoid the
dreadful evils of this class to which they are thus exposed.
No returns can show the amount of suffering which they
have had to endure from causes of this kind during the last
year ; but the present returns indicate some of the final re-
sults of that suffering ; they show that out of 77,000 per-
sons 14,000 have been attacked with fever, one fifth part
of the whole ; and that out of the 14,000 attacked nearly
1,300 have died. The public, meantime, have suffered to
a far greater extent than they are aware of, from this ap-
palling amount of wretchedness, sickness, and mortality.
ladel endently of the large amount of money which they
have had to pay in the support of the sick, and of the
families of the sick, panperized in consequence of the
heads of those families having become unable to pursue
their occupations, they have suffered still more seriously
from the spread of fever to their own habitations and
families. It is notorious that this disease has been very
prevalent during the last year among the industrious
classes who have never received parochial relief, and that
it has found its way even into the dwellings of the rich, where
it has proved extremely mortal. Generated in Bethnal-green,
in Whitechapel, in St. George the Martyr, in Lambeth,
in Holborn, &c., it has spread to the better streets in the
immediate neighbourhood of these and similar places, and
thence to still wider and more airy streets at a greater dis-
tance, and ultimately to the most remote streets and the
great squares.
There can be no security against the con-
stant recurrence of this calamity, but the adoption of mea-
sures adequate to diminish very materially, if not entirely
to prevent, the generation of the febrile poison in every
district."
Of the same tendency are the remarks, that no dis-
ease brings so much affliction into a poor man's fa-
mily as fever ; it commonly attacks the heads of fa-
milies, and has a most fatal, pauperizing influence. It
is one main:cause'of pressure on the poor-rates, and
a capital far less than commensurate to the interest
i annually laid out on fever patients, and their
1 families, if judiciously employed in draining, clean-
sing, and ventilating the pestilential places which
are the abodes of the l industr 'ous poor, would put
an end to the fever and the o
There is, however, little ornotiongr
a-
manyncr ac e
utvwer s
ay
cen)a,together.arl
all
ifftnhoats
knownheen
with generally
such known
st ti
sal forthis.
SMITH states it, that the miserable and crowdasesdpDarthsa-:
bitations and miserable and insufficient food of the
j poorer clases have been prolific sources of pestilential
disease, and of public expense. But though long

known, little or nothing has been done to prevent or
cure the evil. Now and then a new thoroughfare has
been made through old habitations; some splendid
streets have been constructed in the west end of
the metropolis ; a few magnificent public build-
ings have been erected at great cost ; but
little or nothing has been done to improve those
places where the industrious poor are obliged to
take up their abode. Great sums, too, are annu-
ally employed in coercive means to repress the
crimes of which no conception, perhaps, would ever
enter the heart of man, were it not that the temper
and affections are soured by disease and want.
Our gaols are spacious, our contrivances ingenious
and costly to reform the victims of neglect ; but no
care is taken to prevent the germination of crime by
spreading the habitations of the poor over a
larger space, and making them happy and vir-
tuous, by placing health within their reach. On
this point the Reformed House of Commons has
paid no more attention to the wants of the poor than
the boroughmongers'. The passage we have quoted
from Dr. SMITH was written seven years after the
Parliament had been reformed.

One great source of the evil is the manner in
which the poor are crowded or huddled together ;
and they are huddled together because the land is
dear. If Canada, or the untenanted wilderness of
the United States, .were as accessible as the Isle of
Dogs, the people would spread over it, and need
not be the prey of disease from being crowded to-
gether. It is the want of land, then, which makes
it dear, and which tends to produce those
evils the Bishop of LONDON seems, we are
happy to say, anxious to remedy. But the
Right Reverend Prelate, in another charac-
ter, contributes very much, let us tell him, to
cause those evils. Though we cannot bring the
United States as close to us as the Isle of Dogs,
we can its produce, and land is not so much required
for itself as for what laboui makes it produce. To
bring into England the produce of one, two, or ten
millions of acres is equivalent to bringing the acres
themselves alongside England, and equivalent to
extending the land at the command of her people
in an equal degree. Land is dear in the Metropolis
as a dwelling-place, because' it is dear at Chelsea to
grow fruit and vegetables, and dear in Cam-
bridge to grow wheat. If it were not needed in Cam-
bridge to grow wheat, it might be used for growing
fruit and vegetables, and Chelsea might be converted
into airy dwelling-places. Whatever limits the sur-
face, therefore, from which we draw our supplies of
food, enhances the price of land, and makes it be-
yond the means of the poor to command comfortable
dwellings. Now see the effects of the Corn-laws,
against which the Bishop of LONDON has never
said one word. They narrow, and, with our pre-
sent facilities of transport both by sea and land,
they narrow inconceivably, the surface whence our
people might draw their food—they exclude us, as
it were, from the neighbouring Continent of
Europe, and the Continent of America—they
keep up the value of land, keep the houses
of the poor huddled together, and are consequently
the parents of much of that fever and distress which
the Bishop of LONDON, like a Christian minister,
deplores, and at the same time, like an ignorant,
stupid, selfish law-maker, causes. We look with
little hope to the efforts of the Legislature to cure or
prevent poverty and fever, while it persists in its un-
christian, devilish plan of keeping up the price of
land, by keeping out of England the produce of
other countries.

The Moniteur of Sunday publishes the text of the
Treaty of " Peace and Friendship" concluded at Vera
Cruz on the 9th of March last, between France and
the Republic of Mexico, which has just been ratified
by the French Government. We omit the customary
introduction and conclusion common to all such docu-
ments, and content ourselves with quoting the articles
of this Treaty, for the information of our readers :
.

Art. 1. There shall be constant peace and perpetual
friendship between his Majesty the King of the French,
his heir and successors, on the one side, and the Republic
of Mexico on the other side, and between the citizens of
the two States, without exception of place or person.
Art. 2. In order to facilitate the prompt re-establish-
ment of a mutual good understanding, the contracting
Powers agree to submit to the decision of a third Power
the following questions :-
1. Whether Mexico has a right to reclaim from France
either the restitution of the Mexican ships of war captured
by the French forces subsequently to the surrender of the
fortress of Ulloa, or a compensation for the value of the
aforesaid ships, should the French Government have
already disposed of them ?
2. Whether there is any cause for granting the indem-
nities which would be reclaimed, on the one side by the
French, who have sustained losses arising from the law of
expulsion, and, on the other side, the Mexicans who have
had to suffer hostilities posterior to the 26th of last
9

two parties may
Art. 3, ..A.- .L.
ccnclude a treaty of commerce and navigAt;..A.. .
ing in a definitive manner, and for the reciprocal advan-
tage of France and Mexico, their relations in future, the
diplomatic and consular agents, citizens of all classes,
ships and merchandize of each of the two countries, shall
continue:to enjoy whatever privileges and immunities which
either have or shall be accorded either by treaties or usage
to the most favoured foreign nation; and this gratuitously
if the concession be gratuitous, and with compensation if
it be conditional.

Art. 4. As soon a 3 one of the originals of the present
treaty and convention of this present day, duly ratified,
both the one and the other by the Mexican Government,
as it shall be said in the following article, shall have been
placed in the bands of the French Plenipotentiary, the
fortress of L'lloa shall be restored to Mexico, with its
artillery in the state in which it is at present.
Art. 3. The present treaty shall be ratified by the
Mexican Government, in a constitutional form, within
twelve days of its date, or sooner, if possible; and by his
Majesty the King of the French within the term of four
months, also reckoned from this day.
In faith of which the above Plenipotentiaries have
signed and placed their respective seals.
(L.S) CHARLES BAUDIN.
(L. S.) M. E. DE GOROSTIZ A.
(L. S.) GUADALUPE VICTORIA.
On the 4th inst the following articles of an explana-
tory Treaty signed on the same day (March 9, 18:39),
were ratified in Paris :

Art. 1. To satisfy the reclamation; of France relative to
the damages sustained by her countrymen previous to the
26th of November, 1838, the Mexican Government will pay
to the French Government the sum of 600,000 piastres
metallic specie. This payment shall be made in three in-
stirlments, each of 200,000 piastres, on the principal admi-
nistrator of the customs of Vera Cruz, at two, four, and six
months' date from the day of ratification of the present con-
vention by the Mexican Government. As soon as the
aforesaid installation shall have been paid the Government
of the Republic shall be free from any pecuniary reclama-
tion which France might claim previous to the 26th of No-
vember, 1838.

Art. 2. The question whether Mexican ships and their
cargoes sequestrated during the blockade, and since cap-
tured by the French after the declaration of war, ought to
be considered as legally acquired by the captors, shall be
submitted to the arbitration of a third Power, as has been
already stated in Art. 2 of the treaty of this day.
Art. 3. The Mexican Government engages, neither at
present, nor at any future time, to throw any obstacles is
the way of regular and punctual payment of French debts
already recognised, and which are now in course of pay.
ment.

Art. 4. The present convention shall be ratified with the
same formalities and in the same way as the treaty of peace
of this day, to which it shall be annexed, and in faith of
which the aforesaid Plenipotentiaries have signed and
placed their respective seals.
(L.S.) CHARLES BAUDIN.
(L.S.) M. E. DE GOROSTIZA.
(L.S.) GUADALUPE VICTORIA.

Much curiosity was excited in Paris on Sunday by
the appearance in the official columns of the Muni/cur
of the following telegraphic despatch received by the
French Government. The prevailing impression was
that France and England were preparing to strike a
decisive blow ; and that the fears previously entertained
of their not acting in conjunction were entirely ground-
less :

" MALTA, AUG. 10.
" The Consul of France to the Minister for Foreign

Affairs.

" The British squadron arrived on the 3d of August in
the Bay of Beischa, where the ships were brought to
anchor within a few miles of Admiral Lalande's fleet.
This information was brought to Malta by the steamer
Hydra, despatched by Admiral Stopford. The Hydra
brought no letters from Constantinople. On the 6th inst.
at three o'clock in the afternoon, a French vessel was dis-
covered by her near Cape Matassan, sailing towards the
East."
" The Agent for Foreign Affairs at Marseilles to the Pre-
..

sident of the Council.
" The above telegraphic despatch was brought to Mar-
seilles by the English steam packet Hermes, coming from
Malta."

From the simultaneous appearance of the British
and French fleets at the mouth of the Dardanelles,
leaving the Turkish and Egyptian fleets unmolested at
Alexandria, it may be inferred that the great Powers
will not suffer MEHEMET ALL to impose his own terms
on the Porte ; and that to prevent his doing so France
and England deem it of more importance to watch the
movements of Russia than to menace the Viceroy with
the destruction of his navy. From the following ex-
tract from a letter which appears in the Journal des
Debats of Sunday, it would seem that Austria has cor-
dially entered into the views of the Cabinets of Paris
and London :
" CONSTANTINOPLE, AUG. I.—The Porte was on the
point of accepting the conditions of Mehemet Ali, when
a dispatch arrived from Prince Metternich to M. Von
Sturmer. After the receipt of this dispatch, M. Sturmer
met the rcpretentatives of the Five Great Powers, and a
note was presented by these to the Porte, engaging it to