The Sun.
London, England, 1863-04-04 00:00:00

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1 The Origin of the American
South,
War, a' •
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PRICE..... —..44

From a paper in Chambers's Journal of this
month, we take the following as to the origin of
the American war, and the state of life and feeling
in -the South :
"The war-has created a vast difference in the social life of
the Southern people. Everything now is in confusion, and
society in many of the cities is totally d'sorganised. I have
written as I found the South four years ago,when I first went
thither to reside. Even then, however, nearly three years
before hostilities actually broke out, the growing enmity
of the South towards the North wss everywhere apparent.
No one who has not lately resided in the South, can
form any idea of the intense hatret which the
Southern people
_bear to _ the Yankees ; and now,
in the South, all Northerners, to whatever section of the
country they belong, are'termed Yankees. I have seen little
children of both sexes lifted to the knee of their grey haired
grandsire, and taught with their earliest accents to lisp
hatred to the Yankees ; and I have heard women of educand genet ally kindly and gentle feelings,
tig
reference to their Northern fellow-country-
mentuise
en
leanudgucaugl teuirne,
which one would think no feminine His could utter. I
was generally resident in Richmond, Virginia; for two years
before the war broke cur, although the people of the North
seemed to have little idea that the ' irresistible conflict,' Ea
long predicted, was near at hand, or e as other than a cant
phrase, with no real meaning, it must have been apparent to
every one living in the Border States, that nothing less than
a total change of policy on the part of the North could avert
the threatened evil; though I believe the most ardent of
Southern sympathisers had no idea the result would b e so
terrible. Had they thought so, I doubt whether even they
would have provoked the strife; but now that it has com-
menced, the feeling in the South must change miraculously
if, let the consequences be what they may, they will ever
again join the union on its former construction.
" Probably nowhere was the bitter feeling against the
North so strong as in the cities of Charleston and Richmond .
Fremont had just been defeated when I arrived at are latter
city, and it was then freely remarked, that the election of
Buchanan had alone saved the country. It was well known ,
throughout the South that the Republican party had ac-
quired a great accession of power during the earlier period
of Buchanan's occupation of the presidental chair, and it
was resolved by the leaders of the Southern party that, let
what might be the result, the triumph of the Republican,
or, as it was termed in the South, the Ultra-abolition
party, at the next election, should be the signal for a general
revolt of the different States, The rapid increase of the
Republican party also, and perhaps, above all the rabid arti-
cles of the Republican Press, had an effect upon the South,
which perhaps, had, they suspected its viralence, would
have arrested the pens of the writers. Secretly, the
leaders of the Southern party prepared for the impending
conflict. There were traitors in Buchanan's cabinet; but
the old President—more weak than sinning—little sus-
pected, I truly believe, the length to which his advisees
were prepared to go. Floyd and Cobb openly professed
their opposition to the course the North was taking, and
Cobb resigned; but Floyd seized the opportunity of his
position as Secretary-of-war to convey, secretly, large stores
of ammunition to the South, and a large supply of arms to
the Southern arsenals from the manufactories at Spring-
field and other places ; besides this, he took care to despatch
the greater number of the national vessels to foreign sta-
tions, so that, in the event of an outbreak, they should not
be at hand to be at the service of the new Government.
There is no doubt that the commanders of the vessels of
war—the majority of whom, with their officers,were South-
ernertewere not altogether ignorant of the object of Secretary
Floyd, and were willing to further his plans. That many
of them were so, the event proved ; but the people of the
North must have been sadly blinded by a false sense of se-
curity not to have taken alarm at the proceedings of the
Cabinet Ministers.
"Thereclaimed
the infeecolilnn,gnio pin
alßichmondpableexedituenarinegntthweas
was
election
a strangeofL
period of the election of President Lincoln. Previously,
there had been much fierce discussion, and the feelings of
the people were excited to their utmost tension, but on the
day of the election a portentous calm prevailed throughout
the city. As the election proceeded, bulletins were posted
at the newspaper offices, and throughout the day crowds of
people hung around the offices, greedily devouring the con-
tents of each despatch ; but all the lively discussion of the
previous days was hushed ; the stores, in many instances,
were closed, but the streets—though thronged with people
—were unusually silent. As each report showed a fresh
triumph to the Republicans, there was no open demonstra-
Von of anger or disappointment; but the eager readers,
pressed each other's hands, and gazed into other's faces
and after reading the bulletin, passed on in silence. Little
groups assembled at the corners of the streets, and conversed
in whispers. A solemn silence seemed to preside over the
usually busy town; and even when the last bulletin pro.
apparent. In the evening the streets were almost deserted.
A strange quiet prevailed ; but the club houses and public
houses were crowded with people, listening, with outward
calmness, but deep inward feeling, to the speeches of the
orators of the different assemblies.
" The North was courp'etely deceived by this apparently
calm reception of the news; but the residents of the city,
and those who had closely studied the course of events, and
witnessed the proceedings of the day, knew full well that
this apparent calm, this solemn silence after the intense
feeling of previous de, s, was but the lull which precedes
the outburst of the tornado.
"After the fall of Fort Sumter, when hostilities fairly
commenced, the young men of Richmond were as eager for
the fray as those of Charleston, South Carolina, who were
the first to fire upon the flag beneath whose folds their
native land had for four score years enjoyed a career of
prosperity unequalled in history. At Bull's Run, or as the
Southerners term it, Manassas Plains, there were more
volunteers from Richmond than from any other district or
city of the South, and though the victory rested with
the South, the battle cost Richmond dear. There were
few families of any note who had not to mourn a
friend or relative; for though the Southern loss was con-
cealed as far as possible, in order to dishearten the North,
it was very severe, far more so than was ever made public,
even in Beauregard's official repOrt, There was an at-
tempt at illumination in the city, there were outward signs
of rejoicing; but many a despairing widow, many a heart-
broken mother, many a weeping sister, mourned with a
sorrow which it will take years to obliterate, the results of
the first battle in which the North and South were arrayed
against each other in the open field.
" Since then, Richmond has been the capital of the
Southern confederacy; but if the South should eventually
gain its independence, it is questionable whether either
Richmond or Washington would remain the capitals of the
two new confederacies which would then be created; it is
not probable, I say, that they will continue to exist so near
each other, and so near the borders of the two nations.
" Richmond is the capital of the South from expediency;
Washington has been the capital of the United States
through an acknowledged mistake, which has frequently
been regretted, but which probably would never have been
rectified if the present unhappy struggle had not occurred.
Now, even in case of the eventual success of the North,
there are many who believe that New York, the commer-
cial capital, would make the most deirable political capital
for the country ; while, in the event of a separation, either
Charleston or New Orleans, or perhaps some inland city of
Georgia or Alabama, will be the capital of the South, in
place of Richmond, which can never become a great com-
mercial emporium, and which is too far north for a South-
tlitical capital."
--------

STAMPED. —sd

Surrey, numbering 75; 4th Surrey, 58; sth Surrey, 76 ;
Bth Surrey, 60; 11th Surrey, 48; 23d Surrey, 94—Total,
1,705. Rendezvous for the brigade, St. Peter's Church.
FIFTII BRlGADE—Lieutenant-Colonel Brewster com-
manding; Captain McLean, Rifle Brigade, Major of Bri-
gade.
Ist Battalion, Major A. B. Richards-32d Middlesex,
numbering 42 ; 3d City of London, 490 ; colour of uniform,
scarlet.
2d Battalion, Lieutenant-Colonel Walker-2d, Stb, and
9th Tower Hamlets, numbering 387; colour of uniform,
gray.
3d Battalion, Major De la Rue-4th Tower Hamlets,
numbering 201; 6th Tower Hamlets, 226; colour of uni-

form, gray.
4th Battalion, Lieutenant-Colonel Crapper-2d Admin's-
trative Battalion, Essex, numbering 306 ; colour of unto: w,
green—Total, 1,652. Rendezvous, Enclosure D.
The 2d Division will be under the command of
Major-General Sutton.
FIRST BRlGADE—Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Radstock
commanding; Major Shaw, R.A., Major of Brigade.
Ist Battalion, Lieutenant-Colonel J. Wilkinson-2d Ad-
ministrative Battalion Middlesex., numbering 553; colour
of uniform, gray and green.
2d Battalion, Lieutenant-Colonel J. Bathurst-19th Mid-
dlesex, 515, gray.
3d Eattalion, Lieutenant-Colonel IL Penton-39th Mid-
dlesex (Finsbury), 365, green.
4th Battalion, Major J. W. Bridgman-9th (West Mid-
dlesex), 314, gray,—Total, 1,752. Rendezvous, Enclo-

sure C.
SECOND BRlDADE.—Lieutenant-Colonel Dunsmure com-
manding.
Ist Battalion, Captain T. Faunce—lst Hants, number-
ing 81; 2d Hants, 210 ; 16th Hants, 48; colour of uni-
form. gray.
2d Battalion, Lieutenant-Colonel L. Conran-3d Admi-
nistrative Battalion Hants, 368, gray.
3d Battalion, Major Sir J. Simeon—lst Administrative
Battalion Isle of Wight, 336, green.
4th Battalion, Captain H. Ford-2d Administrative Bat-
talion Hants, 303, gray.—Total, 1,346. Rendezvous for
the brigade, Enclosure D (South side).
TIMID BRlGADE.—Lieutenant-Colonel Moorsoom, com-

mending.
Ist Battalion, Major A. A. Crofton-3d Administrative
Battalion Sussex, numbering 366; colour of uniform, gray.
2d Battalion, Major T. Gaisford—lst Administrative
Battalion Sussex, 337, gray and black.
3d Battalion, Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. H. Gage-Ist
Administrative Battalion Cinque Ports, 315, and 17th Kent
63, gray.
4th Battalion-2d Administrative Battalion Sussex, 431,
gray.—Total, 1,512. Rendezvous for the brigade, Enclo-
sure F.
FOURTH BRIGADE.--Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Elcho
commanding; Major the Hon. W. Colville, Rifle Brigade,
Major of Brigade.
Ist Battalion, Major Sir D.Baird-15th Middlesex (Lon-
don Scottish), numbering 353 ; colour of uniform, gray ;
rendezvous, Town-hall and Pavilion-gardens, E.
2d Battalion, Captain W. G. Lysley-23d Middlesex
(Inns of Court), 332, gray; Pavilion-gardens, E.
3d Battalion, lieutenant-Colonel Earl Gosvenor-22d
Middlesex (Queen's), Ist Battalion, 479, gray ; Town-hall
and Pavilion-gardens, E.
4th Battalion, Lieutenant-Colonel Lord G. Fitzgerald,
22d Middlesex (Queen's), 2d Battalion, 478, gray; Town-
hall and Pavilion-gardens, E.—Total, 1,642.
The several rendezvous indi3ated by initial letters
are the same as those which were last year allotted
to the various corps, and laid down in the plans of
Mr. Wyld. In order still further to facilitate the
proceedings of all parties who are to share in the
movements, Colonel M'Murdo has drawn up ex-
planatory and comprehensive General Orders to the
following effect :-
1. A special train will leave Victoria station for Brighton
at 4 a.m. on the 6th of April, with horses; returning from
Brighton to Victoria station about 11 o'clock the same
night.
2. The Metropolitan Corps will be conveyed by special
trains from London-bridge and Victoria stations precisely
in the order and at the hour stated in the detailed instruc-
tions for the departure of the several corps.
3. A train will leave the station at Kensington at 7.30
a m., calling at Chelsea and Wandsworth for pacts of the
2d Suuth Middlesex and Surrey Rifle Corps.
4. The train which leaves London-bridge at 8 5 a.m. will
call at New-cross to take up the Ist administrative batta-
lion of Kent Rifle Volunteers.
5. The conveyance, by railway, of the provincial corps
will be arranged by officers commanding corps direct with
the traffic manager.
6. Volunteers will show their tickets as they enter the
stations; and in order that no delay may be occasioned in
doing so, officers commanding corps will require those under
their command, before passing in, to carry their tickets in
the it hands.
7. The orders of the Staff officers at railway stations are
to be implicitly obeyed, These officers are responsible that
order and silence are observed by the troops in getting into
or off the trains. No music is to play on entering the rail-
way stations, and Volunteers are net to quit their ranks
until ordered into the carriages.
8. Upon arrival at Brighton the various corps will at once
march (left in front) to the rendezvous appointed for them;
those from London by Montpelier-road, and the corps
from the east and west of the main line by Trafalgar road,
keeping always upon the western side of the Grand Parade.
The horses of mounted officers will await their arrival from
London in the enclosure at the railway station entered from
Montpelier-road.
9. On reaching their respective rendezvous, the corps will
pile arms in quarter-distance columns (left in front), or in
such formation as the ground will admit of, care being
taken that no injury is done to any of the trees or shrubs in
the gardens. The corps that arrive early may break off, but
the Volunteers are to be cautioned not to stray far from
their rendezvous.
10. At 11 o'clock the force will get under arms. The sth
Brigade, Ist Division, preceded by the light field battery
attached to the Ist Sussex Artillery Volunteers, and the
battalion of Garrison Artillery, will move by the west side
of the Grand Parade, the Marine Parade, and Bedford-
street, to the Racecourse, followed by the field battery of
the Hon. Artillery Company and the infantry, which will
commence its march by battalions in fours, in succession
from the left of the Second Division.
The force, on reaching the Racecourse, will march past
the General in command, preceded by the cavalry and horse
battery of the Hon. Artillery Company and the batteries of
position which will have been assembled in rear of the race-
stand.

The cavalry will march past in column of troops ;
The artillery in column of divisions;
The infantry in open columns of companies. The whole
to be left in front.
After having marched past, the force will take up ground
which will be pointed out by Staff officers.
11. At the conclusion of the field-day arms will be exa-
mined, and surplus ammunition collected from the pouches
of the men.
The force will then return to Brighton by the Ovingdean-
road and the Marine Parade, in succession of corps accord-
ing to the order in which they are to return to the railway
station. Directions for this purpose will be given by Staff
officers on the spot; and until these directions are received
no corps is to leave its ground. The leading corps will pro-
ceed to the north extremity of the level, facing the west;
and the remaining corps will form up on its left, prepara-
tory to proceeding to the railway station.
An officer of competent rank is to remain in command
of every corps, and each company must he in charge ofwai!
officer. No Volunteers who have quitted their oorPdeepari.l
be admitted within the railway station until
bert:perovided
ture of all the corps in military formation has