The Sun.
London, England, 1837-09-06 00:00:00

LATEST PARTICULARS.

Upon visiting yesterday afternoon the scene of the dread-
ful collision, scarcely any additional particulars could be ob-
tained. The Captain of the Apollo, it appeared, put ashore
at Northfleet after the accident, where he stayed till the ad-
vancing day and the receding tide allowed him an opportu-
nity of ascertaining the state of the wreck. The vessel lies
It seems, as near as possible in midstream, and in water so
deep that at full tide no part even of the mast is visible ;
at low water only the top part appears, a short bare pole ;
the chimney is at no time of the tide visible. Had not the
Monarch. been able to stop herself, and render vigorous as-
sistance, the condition of the entire crew and passengers of
the Apollo would have been fearful. At a broad part of
the river, with scarcely any houses on either side, not a
host known to have been afloat near, the few inhabitants on
both sides buried in profound sleep, the calamity had passed
over, and the vessel long become fixed in deep water ere
anything was known of the event at Gray's or Northfleet.
Prompt and sufficient assistance from shore could not have
been obtained in time.
A boat has been made fast to the wreck, where a man
constantly remains, with a flag hoisted, as well to protect
the wreck as to direct other vessels to steer clear.
The captain in the afternoon passed on to Gravesetd,
:Ind went to the Three Dawes Tavern. Our reporter arix-
ions!), inquired for him there, hoping to gain some exact
particulars, but unfortunately learned he had just before
left by the steam-vessel Vesper for London.
. The three dead bodies arc supposed to be lying together
in the children's berth, to which the stewardess had ru,hed
1 with the intention of rescuing them, and per:shed in the
noble attempt. It was at first reported she descended to
fetch her bonnet ; but the second account, which rests on
tolerable authority, appears more reasonable and more ho-
nourable to human nature. It will be some time before
the vessel can be raised, and the work will be one of diffi-
eelty and expense. 'P here is some talk at Northfleet of
the person being employed who raised the Red Rover.
I Till the vcasel is raised the bodies cannot be got at, unless

a diving-bell is resorted to, or the lately invented diving

apparatus.

The following version of the collision given by Henry
Washer, a waterman, stationed on board one of the two
lighters that lie constantly moored off Nlrthfleet Hope,
would seem to imply that if any blame existed it- was on'
board the sunken vessel. He says he was on deck ;it had
been very dark, but was beginning to clear when he distinctly
saw the two steam-boats approaching. The Monarch seemed
to be getting out of the way, when the bows of the Apollo
ran full into the shoulder of the Monarch. From the enor-
mous size of the Monarch, the whole force of the collision
passed into the Apollo, a comparatively small boat. The
shock of the recoil was dreadful. Washer is satisfied from
the noise of the crash that the whole of the fore part of
the Apollo was smashed. She went down very soon after-
wards, head first, nearly at the spot of the collision.
From the darkness of the night, and the confusion, the
passengers, it is believed, have generally lost their luggage,
a matter, as is known, of great importance to several poor
industrious !persons on board. A subscription has been
opened for their benefit, and the passengers of the Mo-
narch, who manifested every sympathy for the sufferers,
raised an immediate subscription of W. 18s. for their re-
lief, an example viorthy, of being followed, as the Directors
of the Commercial Steam Company will see to its fit
distribution.

The personal clothing of the passengers, when got on
board the Monarch was generally wet and dripping ; and
as the tow-boat that brought them up the river passed
along, there were to be seen cloaks, shawls, and handker-
chiefs spread out on the ropes to dry.

PORTUGAL.

MANIFESTO OIFTHE CORTES,

The General Extraordinary and Constituent Cortes of
the Portguese nation htve uaanirn3usly resolved to publish
the follow►ng manifesto :

" Convinced by long and painful experience that our
fundamental laws required reform, the Portuguese claimed
the ancient and unquestionable right of the natives of these
kingdoms to appeal to an assemblage of the Constituent
Cortes of the nation.

" Our chief organic defect, the one most unanimously
acknowledged, was the imperfect and illusory state of the
national representation, produced by an abuse of the charter.
It was evidently impracticable to appeal to it against itself,
or to expect a remedy from the source of its evil ; the na-
tion, therefore, appealed to the qaarter where she could and
bad a right to appeal.
" This most ancient and undeniable right, as old as the
monarchy itself, no written Constitution could deprive the
Portuguese people of, for by no stipulations have we bound
ourselves, by no oath have we pledged ourselves, to re-
nounce it.

-
" This right asserted by the people was acknowledged
by the Queen ; to that same principle she owes her throne,
and we our liberty. The constituent Cortes met, and by
the same right that our ancestors at Lamego declared that
they were free, and would preserve their liberty—by the
same right that at Coimbra the fundamental law and the
order of succession were altered—by the same right by
which, after the revolution of 1640, the ancient Constitution
of the state was restored and proclaimed, and the Crown
conferred on the serene house of Braganza—by the same
right which, in 1822, caused the reform of this ancient Con-
stitution, did the constituent Cortes of 1837 enter on their
task of revising and modifying the social compact.
" During all these glorious epochs factions were not want-
ing who disputed this unquestionable right assumed by the
people and by the Cortes, their representatives. The same
thing happens now, and from similar causes the defects and
abuses in our ancient Constitutions afforded a wide open.ng
to the influence of favourites and the dilapidation of public
treasure ; how could such interested parties refrain from
taxing as illegal and tyrannical those Cortes who corrected
these abuses, those Cortes who made reforms, those Cortes
whe insisted upon economy ?
" Strong in the power which imprudently was left them,
still enjoying riches derived from the public substance,
which for centuries they had engrossed—enemies to the
people, the same now as ever—aye, the very same who to-
day appear in arms against the nation, did vanquish us in
1823 because they found us unarmed ; they dissolved tu-
multuously the national representation, they laid viol: nt
hands upon many of the elected members, and annulled by
mere arbitrary will the Constitution of the State. The
Philips of Spain had done so before, end so did the ex-
Infante Don Miguel afterwards. Ant none of these %jos
lent acts altered our rights, which existed the same as ever.
The Cortes protested solemnly for them : that protest re-
mained graven in the hearts of the Portuguese—it was not,
nor ever will be, forgotten in this country.
" Remorse of conscience pursued the tyrants for the
crimes they had committed. One of these stings produced
the traiterous proclamation from Villafranca. It promised
us a free Constitution in exchange for one they had robbed
us of. We listened in silence to this promise, as if in anti-
cipation of what would be the result.
" They make the same promises to us to-day, but we al-
ready know how to value them. The words are the same,
pledges are the same, and, moreover, they have been put to
the test.

" Don Pedro IV., •f beloved memory, that generous and
magnanimous Prince, who twice liberated us, had to strug-
gle long and perseveringly against this same faction before
he could, not as falsely asserted give, but propose his charter
to the national approbation.

" The Portuguese still retain vividly in their minds the
intrigues which preceded the oath of the Constitution, those
brought about during the regency of the usurper, and floally
those which prepared and consolidated that usurpation.
" How and wherefore should we forget them ? Shall it •
be because sonic, who were then, and now are again to-
day, the declared enemies of the people, joined afterwards.
our ranks and took up arms against tyranny ? They did,
it is true, fight, and aided us to conquer ; but whilst they,
at the cost of our blood, our lives, and our property, have
gained riches and honour, our houses still remain in ruins,
and our fields still uncultivated ; the bones .of our brethren
lie bleaching in the sun unburied and scattered over those
deperted plains, once the pleasant and delightful suburbs of
Lisbon and Oporto ; and they, insatiable for money and
places, have again drawn their swords against the people,
because tie), will not suffer themselves to be trampled upon
anew. It is true they fought for us against the usurpation ;
but they rendered useless in the end all the fruits of our
sacrifices in the ever-to-be-deplored convention of Evora
Monte, which only served to renew civil war, anti to place
again on the chances of the field the already decided cause
of the liberty of the pensinsula and the constitutional
thrones of two young and betrayed Queens.
" That most scandalous convention served only to pro-
tect the leaders and chief culprits ; it never covered with
its shield the poor, unfortunate, and deluded followers,
whom alone it was destined to protect. From that o-
meet the Portuguese nation lost all confidence in those %•lio
thus betrayed and sold her. The Portuguese are generous
and indulgent ; they were anxious, and still are so, to
pardon and forget ; they wished, as they do again now,
for the peace and reconciliation of the Portuguese family.
But to those who offer us war, who refuse the brotherly
hand we tend to them, and who deliver over to tho sacrifice
so many victims of their inordinate ambition—towards those
the Portuguese nation cannot be generous.
" And they still talk to us of liberty ; No ;. liberty from
hands such as theirs we disclaim. We know its meaning ;
and let us reject far from us such a fatal present of treason.
" The Portuguese nation had accepted the charter ;
they do not deny it, nor were they unthankful for it. They
accepted it in the same way and under the same obligations
as they formerly accepted the constitution of Lamego and
the constitutional reforms of Coimbra and Lisbon. No
people have ever yet stipulated, nor could stipulate, to pre-
serve intact any law in despite of the many vices it, might
be found to contain, the many defects proved by experience,
or the abuses which custom might have introduced.

" We swore to the charter, but that oath did not relieve
us from others already registered. We swore to the
charter, but not to the wickedness which took shelter under
cover of that name. We fought for it, but the blood
which we shed neither sanctioned the errors it contained,
nor was spilt in a paltry contention for the title or date we
should give it. It was for the good principles it contained,
and to those we have, and always will remain faithful.

" The laws of God and of fsi..tur; ;;;:dorieTaMutable,
and it would be an insult to human reason, and a blasphemy
to the Creator, were we to pretend to such qualities for the
laws of men.

" The legitimacy of the Charter did not alone depend
upon the Royal will, it would have been null and void with-
out the consent of the nation. The same legitimacy is to
be found in the Constitution of 1822, and it is this same
legitimacy which now authorizes the mission and the labours
of the present constituent Cortcs.
" Fellow-Citizens !—This high and difficult mission was
near its completion. But that illusory state of the national
representation, which was the organic defect of the ancient
regitne, had so contributed to devastate the public reve-
nues, that the Cortes found themselves without revenue or
credit ; one half of the country pledged in London, the
other half lost at home. It became necessary to seek for
an immediate antidote to this evil, and among the burdens
to be imposed upon the people, to select those which should
least oppress them. This was no easy task, nor could it be
done quickly.
Even to this predicament did the destroyers of your
riches bring you, for to prop up the ruins they left behind,
to finds means to provide for the enormous debts they en-
tailed on the public treasury, much time was necessarily
spent, whence the delay in bringing to a closei the discus-
sions on the fundamental law of tine State. It was, never-
theless, on the eve of completion, „hen the faction, find-
ing themselves on the brink of perdition through the re-
conciliation of the Portuguese, and the re-establishment of
legal order, blindly and madly broke out in an attempt

at revolution, which the national good sense repels, but
towards which foreign gold and intrigue have impelled some
victims. _

" It thus became imperative on us t) Eusrend o •r cam:
tutive labours, in order to preserve n itional decoru n, ar d
moreover that the rebels should not consider a, c i re.:
sions what was discussing among peacefu' citizens.
" In a few days, when the faction shall hbve been de-
stroyed, we shall make up for this loss of nor are we
in the meanwhile idle, since all our efforts arc dedicated to
the defence of liberty.
" Portuguese !—Bear in mind that this is not a war of
one: party against another party ; were this the case, both
sides would be criminal. We have with us the nation, such
as she appeared in August, 1820, such as she showed her-
self ia September, and more decidedly in November, 1836
united, unanimous, and invincible. What have the rebels
A few so diers bought over ; the inhabitants of no one sin-
gle hamlet have hitherto joined them, nor bate they yet
been able to draw to their party one single corps of the army.
" They have only one means of success—that of sowing
discord among us, precipitating us into anarchy, and suffo-
cating liberty by the hands of despotism ; this is the se-
cret persuasion of their minds, which they have so often
exposed. But let us be wary, and their projects will be
defeated.

" Proceed we on like a nation. Disorder is for the fac-
tious. Great notional movements must be carried on with
gravity and decorum ; strong in their unity, in .inciLle f, om
the regularity of their movements.
" The nation is armed, and the people of Lisbon and
Oporto, who triumphed over 80,000 of Don Miguel's sol-
d ers, will have to show themselves only, and this hand:ul
of rebels will disperse.
" Let us to the field. We shall not even have to fi;ht ;
but let us go out with order, and avoid the snares which
our foreign and domestic enemies attempt to spread out for
us ; by similar means France was plunged into the horrors
of that frightful revolution, when liberty sank in the same
pool of blood whence despotism arose.
" Fellow-citizens! Your representatives deserve your
confidence. Rest assured they watch over the sacred de-
posit confided to their care. We will die, if necessary, de-
fending it ; but while we live, the liberty of the Portuguese,
the prerogatives of the throne, the constitutional and repre-
sentative monarchy, such as we received them froth the
mandate of the people, we will not suffer to be touched by
profithe. hands.
" MAC;A RIO DE CASTRO, President,

"JOAQUIM VILLOSO DA CRUZ,
" F. MARIN DO PRADO PEREIRA, ,
" C. REBELLO DE CARVALHO 'ecmarles•
J. DA C. SOUSA NATO BAS CO,
" Palace of the Cortes, AugT22, 18;37."