The Sun.
London, England, 1830-02-11 00:00:00

THE AIUIY.

A General Court Martial has been sitting this week in
Belfast garrison, at which Colonel Rowan, of the 58th
regiment, presided, and sixteen other officers attended, for
the trial of John Hartnall, private of the 9th, accused
with having his musket charged with the diabolical inten-
tion to assassinate the Adjutant. The result of the trial
will not be made known until the subject is laid-before the
Commander-in-Chief.—Belfust Chronicle.

LIMERICK, FEB. 6.—The first divison of the 99th
Regiment, under Colonel Johnstone, arrived here on
Thursday fxons Cork, and yesterday proceeded for Clare
Castle. I❑ the afternoon of yesterday the second divi-
sion, under Captain Cooper, arrived on route to the same
quarters. _ _

This morning a division of the reserve of the 98th
marched for Cork ; and this afternoon the division of the
same corps, which will proceed on Monday for the same
destination, arrived from Clare Castle.

The 4Sth Regiment was well at Bellary on the 10th of
September, en which day Colonel Taylor died, after a
lingering illness, much regretted.
Major-General Pilkington, late second in command in
the garrison of Gibraltar, is daily expected in Dublin, to
assume the command of the Royal Engineers in Ireland,
vice the late General Eyers.
Lieutenant Clerke, 77th, is appointed Superintendent
of the Recruiting Department at Dumfries, vice Lieut.
Pickering, 40th, transferred to the Coventry Recruiting
District.

Major Hartley is appointed Barrack-Master at Algoa
Bay.

Captain Hamilton, 81st Regiment, is appointed As-
sistant Military Secretary to the Commander-in-Chief at
Canada.

The contemplated reduction in the army is not to ex-
tend either to companies or to officers.

BRIGHTON, FEB. 8.

(PROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
The Concerts here this season have been unproductive,
with the exception of one given at the New Steyne Booms
on Saturday evening, which was fashionably attended,
under the patronage of the Hon. Mrs. TENANT, Mrs.
MoliTaat: BURGOYNE, and Colonel THACEWELL of the
Hussars, for the benefit of Miss CORRIE, a native of this
place, and a deserving young lady. The principal attrac-
tion of the vocalists was Miss LLOYD. She sang the scena
Softly Sighs, from Der Freisckutz, to the delight of all
present. The tender pathos which she infused into the
ballad Alice Gray, won the enthusiastic plaudits of the
audience ; and she was not less successful in the aria of
RossiNt, Di placer. Her voice is of a magnificent de-
scription ; it is clear, full-toned, and remarkably melli-
fluous. Her taste too is excellent. In executio❑ she is
not so finished ; great improvement in that particular has,
however, taken place since she visited Brighton last year;
by practice she may make herself thoroughly mistress of
that essential to complete the finished singer. Mr. GUT-
TER/13GL performed a difficult rondo on the pianoforte,
which gave much satisfaction. The band of the Hussars
assisted the instrumental performers.

We are enabled to announce the following as
the new ecclesiastical appointments :—The Bishop of
EXETER goes to St. Asa ph ; the Bishop of GLOUCESTER tO
Exeter; the Dean of Peterborough, Dr. MONK, is to be
the Bishop of GLOUCESTER; Dr. CHANDLER is to be the
Dun of CHICHESTER; the Rey. Mr. JELF, tutor to Prince
GEORGE of Cumberland, and Dr. BULL, are to be the
Canons of Christ Church.—Brighton Gazette.

COVENT-GARDEN.---011 Monday evening
MuILPHY'S tragedy of the Grecian Daughter was repeated
at this house, and introduced Miss FANNY KEMBLE, for
the fourth time, in the character of Euphrasia. Rather a
ludicrous incident occurred in the fourth act, that some-
what disturbed the gravity of the scene, and provoked the
risibility of a great portion of the people. Mr. ABBOTT
(Phocion), the husband of Euphrasia, in the act of rush-
ing from the entrance of the temple with proffered suc-
cour, and with all the fervency that might be expected
from so noble a husband to so amiable a partner as his
royal wife, in her anguish, and just as he had ardently
seized her agitated hand, by an accidental slip of the foot
Mr. ABBOTT was overbalanced and fell prostrated on his
hack, and in his fall pulled with him the fair Euphra-
sia. As the incident was not studied, the group was not
the most graceful ; but the mistake was excused by re-
peated rounds of applause until the actors recovered their
confusion.

MR. BOOTH.—We are happy to have it in
our power to state that this gentleman is not so ill as was
feared by some of his friends yesterday. He is now at his
private lodgings, under the care of his attending physician,
Dr. Rusm, and the most sanguine hopes are entertained of
his speedy recovery. The statement made yesterday,
that he had been taken to the hospital, was erroneous.—
Philadelphia Journal.

It appears that the new President of the
Royal Academy is not only a Poet and a Painter, but also
a Novelist, and one who, although hitherto anonymously,
has taken a high rank among that class of writers. The
production we allude to is a navel called Oldcourt ; which
has excited much attention for the last few months in lite-
rary circles.

TIFLIS, DEC. 24.—Baron RosA, second
Commander of the 44th division, set out on the Bth for
Gcorgewsk ; of the six regiments composing that division
four are to go to the line of the Caucasus, and the other
two to remain at Akhalzik. By order of the Government
a Committee has been established, of which Major-Gen.
SCHAKOWUXI is President, to consider of means to extir-
pate the diseases peculiar to the provinces of the Caucasus,
and with this view accurately to investigate the causes of
those that originate in the climate or local circumstances.

ST. PETER3BURGH, JAN. 23.—0 n the 16th
instant, the Council of Commerce, which has been sanc-
tioned by his Imperial MAJESTY, was opened by the Mi-
nister of Finance, with a speech, in which he gave a view
of the present state of our commerce, and of the means of
improving it. Speaking of the importance of our trade
with Asia, especially with regard to the sale of our manu-
factures, and of the measures taken by the Government to
promote the maritime trade by the establishment of a
School of Navigation, the Count expressed his confidence
that the Council of Commerce would contribute to the col-
lection of various information and the union of private
interest with the general good. Two resolutions of the
Minister of Finance were then read, inviting the Council
to examine " a Plan for the establishment of a Tribunal
of Commerce at St. Petersburgh ;" and also to consider
" with what articles of national manufacture the Russian
manufacturers are able to supply Georgia and the coun-
tries beyond the Caucasus, and what privileges are neces-
sary to increase that trade ?"

CURIOUS OCCURRENCES.--On Wednesday
the 3d instant, a hare ran into the parlour of Major
BROOKS'S house in Montpellier-parade, which the do-
mestics succeeded in taking alive. A few days since as
the driver of one of the Worcester coaches was proceeding
between this town and Tewkesbury, he observed a hare in
a field by the road side, when he alighted from the coach
and pursued it across the fields, and actually caught it
after running a short distance.— Cheltenham Chronicle.

lIADDINGTON Ml `R DER S.

HIGH COURT OF
TRIAL OF ROBERT EMOND.

(Abridged from the Edinburgh Advertiser of Tuesday.)
Yesterday having been appointed for the trial of Robert
Emo*d, for the murder of Mrs. Franks and Madelina
Franks, her daughter, the doors of the Court were be-
sieged at an early hour, the anxiety to get admission being
only equalled by that evinced oa occasion of the trial of the
notorious Burke.

About ten minutes before ten the prisoner was brought
into Court. He is of a light figure, remarkably puny-
looking, and appeared perfectly composed and tranquil,
his countenance by no means betraying any degree of fe-
rocity. He is said to be only 35 or 36 years of age, but
looks much older than his years.
About a quarter after ten their Lordships took their
seats on the Bench, the Loan JUSTICE CLERK, Lord
GILLIES, Lord MACKENZIE, and Lord MoNcaxir being
present.
The usual question being put to the prisoner by the
LORD JUSTICE CLERK, " Are you Guilty Or Not Guilty?"
the prisoner answered in a firm voice, " Not Guilty."
Marion Inglis, or Monfriese, or Moncrieff, resides at
Abbey of Haddington ; knew the late Mrs. Franks ; she
was a widow ; her daughter lived in the house with her,
and no one else. Remembered Mrs. Franks beiug found
dead ; it was on a Wednesday morning. Witness had
seen her o❑ the Sunday night before, wben both her and
her daughter were in witness's house; they were in the
habit of getting milk from witness's house every night.
Witness has a girl seven years old, who on Monday morn-
ing went down as usual to see Madelina Franks ; the girl
returned and said she had rapped long at the garden door,
but neither Mrs. Franks nor her daughter had answered.
Witness went out herself, and observed the shutters closed
inside, which was unusual, and there was no smoke from
the chimney. These circumstances made the witness
suppose that Mrs. Franks and her daughter bad been taken
ill, but on a neighbour suggesting that they might be gone
to Mrs. Emond's, at North Berwicx, who is a sister of
Mrs. Franks', she made no further inquiry. The win-
dows were closed on Tuesday also, and about breakfast
time on Wednesday an alarm being given, witness went to
the house, and saw Mrs. Anderson and her daughter
taking the dead body of Mrs. Franks out of the pig-
stye, which is near the garden door. There was a
blue striped wrapper and a white flannel petticoat
on the body. Alexander Dudgeon and James Storrie
went into the house before witness. When she went in,
the body of Madelina was lying on the floor of the west
room, quite dead. She had en a black frock like the one
she wore on the Sunday night ; she had one stocking on,
and the other half drawn up. The carpet was drawn
over the girl's face, and a good deal of blood was on the
floor below the body. There were two bedsteads in the
room, only one of which was used ; the other had the
appearance of some persons having been lying in it. The
mother and daughter usually slept together. Observed
bloody marks on the floor. Mrs. Franks was a good-na-
tured cheerful woman, and her daughter was quite a mild
gentle girl; had observed no marks of depression about
Mrs. Franks, nor any thing about her to induce witness
to suppose her likely to commit suicide. Mrs. Franks
was a middle-aged woman, and her daughter about 15 or
16. About a week, or some time before, witness had
had a conversation with Mrs. Franks, when she told her
she had sent some boxes to Emond's house, at North Ber-
wick, which she found opened, and accused him of hav-
ing opened them. He said perhaps her own sister bad
done it, but denied having opened them himself. Upon
this Mrs. Franks said she had a very sore contention with
Emond, as she would not believe her sister had opened
the boxes. On the Monday following that altercation
Mrs. Franks said very hot words had passed between her
and Emond, she having heard him accusing her to his
own wife, and was very angry on that account. Mrs.
Franks told witness she had used hot language towards
Emond on this last occasion, at which witness expressed
her surprise, and said was she not afraid, after the con-
tention they had had before, to speak to him so ? Mrs.
Franks answered HO j she could not bear their reflections.
Witness could not recollect the precise words used by
Emond, but they were very frightful words, and of
threatening import.
Mr. T. Howden, surgeon, examined the bodies of Mrs.
Franks and her daughter, and described the various
wounds that had been inflicted both by cutting and heavy
instruments. The hair of the daughter bad been cut off.
It was impossible the wounds could have been inflicted by
the parties themselves.

Cross-examined—lf hard wood is stained with blood it
will remain ; but, if soft wood is stained, it will alter, as
streaks of blood will shoot into the porous parts.
James Paterson, teacher in North Berwick, lived under
the same roof with the prisoner. Both their houses
communicate with Emond's garden. On the Sunday
evening witness shut the garden-door, and bolted it inside.
On the following morning he was called by Mrs. Cron,
and went up to the door of the room where they supposed
Emond slept; but they could not get in as something
heavy was placed at the back of the door inside. Witness
then got up by a ladder to the window, about 10q feet
high, and got into the room. He found the bed had not
been slept in. Saw the prisoner afterwards, about one
o'clock on Monday, in his own shop, and was struck with
his confused and tired-liked appearance. Prisoner said,
" This is a most horrible business; I am so confused, I do
not know what I am doing." He then said Mrs. Franks
was the cause of every disagreement betwixt him and
his wife. He told witness he had gone over the window
at five is the morning, and had wandered the fields, and
was obliged to turn back to North Berwick. He did not
say how far he had gone.
John Dunbar, barber in North Berwick, knew the
prisoner, and had heard of Mrs. Franks's death. Saw
Emond on the Tuesday after the murders, in his own
shop. He seemed very much affected. Witness asked
what was the matter, but he gave no answer, only waved
his hand, and witness followed him into the kitchen.
When there, Emond said the devil had been very busy
with him. He said he wished to God that was the last
day of his life.
Robert Tait deponed that be was with Inglis and
Brown, silk mercers in Glasgow, by whom he was em-
ployed as their salesman. He was brought to Edinburgh
on the 21st of November, a question of law in his case
having been certified to the High Court of Justiciary.
A person named Murray was confined with him in the
gaol. The prisoner Emond was put into the same cell
with them. Witness understood that this was done in
consequence of an application to the Governor of the
gaol by Emond, who said he did not like the meta he
slept with before. In his sleep Emond frequently started,
and exclaimed—" Oh, tkat wretched passion !" He ap-
peared much disturbed in his mind. He slept only two
nights in the same cell with witness. They had frequent
conversations, and Esnond entered into some history of
his life. At ose time he told witness that he had been
always very strict to his religious duties. That he had
been some time a soldier, but even then was equally
strict. He had lived a very comfortable life for a long
time ; but, latterly, he and his wife had got into quar-
rels, and he could not get any peace in his mind- That
his wife had been stirred up against him by false reports,
but he did not say by whom, and witness did not ask.
It seemed to relieve Emond's mind to talk over these
things. Lie stated that on the Sunday he intended to
have gone to the Sacrament ; hut his wife had begun
upon him in the usual way, and that he had struck her
severely. That he afterwards left the house, and wan-
dered about he did not know where till Monday, when
he found himself within a short distance of home. He
said he could not account for where he had been ; but
that on the Monday morning he went home and prayed,
which relieved his mind. Witness saw Emond after-
wards in the ward, after he had left the cell. It was on
a Tuesday. He came to Murray and witness, after he bad
been shaved by the turnkey, and said the blood on his
clothes was occasioned by a tenderness of his face in shav-
ing. He said he would let his agent know of this. On
Tuesday morning witness had a conversation with
Emond about Adams's conviction. Witness told him
Adams was to suffer death ; and Emond said theft did
not deserve death. He then added, " It will be surely
worse with me, if my charge is made out." Witness then
asked him Did you really do it, then ?" He replied, " 0,
yes ! but don't speak of it to me—for it goes like a
knife to my heart whenever I think of it."—(This nar-
rative excited a great sensation in the Court, and the
prisoner, who had till then maintained the greatest compo-
tries t
theeer -nil
house,nblrae‘d v
compo-
sure was observed to quail dreadfully. )—He then told wit-
ness
entrance g thatu all m
id- s
ibehind(s
s
e
)o
r Thathfroth teh eh agda garden
gut
in
nfrbehindom
the house, witness did not remember which; and went in
by a window that looked into the garden. Said it was a
private way. Said he remembered speaking to Mrs.
Franks and coming out of the house again. That when
be heard the girl was gone also, he was quite surprised, as
he did not remember having seen her. Emond's words
were—" That he spoke some words to his guid-sister, and
then it was done !" He said he came out of the house by
the same way he had entered it. He stated that if his
guid-sister had not stirred up strife between him and his
wife, he might have lived in peace and comfort ; but he
was driven to despair, and did not know what he did.
He neglected his duty to God; and he saw that something

must be done—that either himself or some other person
must go. Witness deposed that Emond made these state-
ments spontaneously, and of his own accord.
Other evidence was odduced, which clearly brought
home the crime to the prisoner, after which the Jury, at
half-past three returned an unanimous verdict against the
prisoner, who heard it unmoved, although it was received
with a cheer by the auditory. Sentence of death was pro-
posed by Lord MACKENZIE, and concurred in by Lord
MoticßEir, who, in expressing their opinions, strongly
condemned the atrocious barbarity of the murder, perpe
trated against such close connexions of the criminal. The
Lord Justice CLEIpC addressed him in equally strong terms,
but neither did the wretched man on hearing the verdict,
nor the pronouncing of the sentence of death, which was
ordered to be carried into effect at Edinburgh on Wednes-
day the 17th day of March, and his body to be given over
to Dr. Monro, Professor of Anatomy, to be publicly dis-
sected and anatomized. —The Court was excessively crowded
to the last.

LITERATURE.

ASTRONOMIA. LONDON, 1830.

Mr. Moon deserves credit for this very novel
and ingenious publication, by means of which
the sublime study of astronomy is—so far at
least as its elementary principles are concerned—
made familiar to the capacity of youth. It is a
game played with cards, marked with the signs
of the Zodiac and the different planetary sys-
tems ; and is so simple and intelligible in its
plan, that it may be comprehended almost at a
glance. It is a happy improvement on the dull
old system of card-playing, and constitutes a
rational amusement for a family during a long
winter evening. ii-.micvledge gathered up in
this attractive manneris likely to make a lasting
impression.

FRENCH LICENSES.

(TRO3I OUR PARIS CORRESPONDENT.)

" On former occasions I have drawn your at-
tention to one of the heaviest drags on the pros-
perity of a great variety of branches of industry
in this country in the form of licenses, privileges,
and exclusive monopolies to a number of the
most ordinary employments. lam now enabled
to lay before your readers a list or catalogue
raisonnee of a few of these favoured appoint-
ments in the single department of the Seine, in
all of which the sale of the privilege is permitted
by the existing law ;—a mode of transference
which it must be acknowledged is not the best
calculated to secure the aspirant's possession of
the qualities and talents which may be necessary
to the discharge of his duties ; since it is not by
a comparative trial of skill, or on the evidence
of personal integrity, but by a mere pecuniary
competition, that his fitness and capability are
decided.

" The number of public notaries in the depart-
ment amounts to 114, the marketable price of
each of whose privileges is on an average, at least,
500,000 francs. In favoured situations, I have
occasion to know that the amount is even
greater than that indicated ; but, adopting this
rate as a medium, the value of the notarial ap-
pointments alone amounts to the rather startling
sum of £2,280,000

There are sixty Advocates, who practise before
the King's Council, and their appointments
are worth 6,000/.
Sixty avoues before the Royal Court, at 8,000/

each
One hundred and fifty avoues before the Tribunal
of First Instance, at 12,0001. each ..1,800,000
Fifteen avoues in the Tribunal of Commerce, at
9,6001. each 144,000
Eighty Auctioneers, at 5,0001 400,000
One hundred and twenty-eight Bailiffs, at
2,8001.
Te❑ Supervisors of Commercial Transactions 24,000
One Clerk of the Royal Court, at 20,000
One Clerk of the Tribunal of First Instance 36,000
One Clerk of the Tribunal of Commerce 24,000
Twelve Justice of Peace Clerks, at 5,000/ 60,000
Thirty Notaries, in country districts, at 9,6001 288,000
Four Bailiffs in country districts, at 1,2001 4,800
Two Justice of Peace, Clerks in the country, at

_
2,4001.
Sixty Exchange Brokers, at 30,000/. ...1,800,000
Sixty Officers in the Commercial Department,

at 6,0001 360,000
Eight Ditto in the Insurance Department, at

2,0001.
Fifty Liquor Tasters, at 800/.... 40,000
Fourteen Corn Factors, at 6,0001.. 8,400
Twelve Flour Factors, at 10,0001.
Thirty Factors in other markets, at 2,4001 76,000
Eighty Licensed Printers, at 1,0001.
Four hundred and twenty-five Licensed Book-

sellers, at 801 34,000
Twelve Licenses for Theatres, at 6,000/ 72,000
Twenty-three Pawnbrokers or Commissioners

of the Mont de Piete, at 1,600/ 40,000
One hundred and thirty-two Lottery-office
Keepers, at 1,0001 132,000
Four hundred and thirty Tobacconists, at 1201 51,600
Forty-three Venders of Stamps, at 801 .... 3,440
Four hundred Butchers, at 1,2001 480,000
Five hundred and sixty Bakers, at 2401 33,600
One thousand one hundred Hackney Coachmen,

_
at 1201 132,000
One thousand Cabriolets, at 50/.

£9,813,040

" The general accuracy of the figures I have
thus set down, I have reason to believe is be-
youd all question. The purchaser of one of these
patent offices is seldom of course in a situation
to advance the sum required of him to his pre-
decessor. He must therefore borrow it at every
disadvantage in regard to the rate of interest,
since the lender must rely for his reimbursement
on the life of the new incumbent. Even if life
insinance were practically speaking at all known
in this country, the annual premium would still
be to pay ; but it is a well known fact that the
unspeakable advantages arising from this mode
of forming a provision for future contingencies,
are very little understood in France, or as com-
pared with England, indeed, in any part of the
continent. Even at the regular rate of interest,
including the sum necessary, at the average du-
ration of human life, to accumulate by annual
savings what is necessary for the redemption of
the capital, it is distinctly ascertained that not
less than 800,0001. would be necessary, per
annum, with reference to these patent offices in
the single department of the Seine. It is equally
clear that this annual amount must in some way
or other be raised out of the profits of the in-
cumbent, and that the public must thus pay for
these absurd privileges. Such, however, is the
effect of habit and prejudice, that it would be
difficult to disabuse the public mind of France
on this subject. Conversing even with well in-
formed individuals, they do not hesitate to affirm
that it would be most inexpedient and unsafe to
throw such offices of trust and confidence indis-
criminately open to public competition. If such
were the case, they will gravely tell you that all
the world would become notaries and other of-
ficial functionaries ; and if you press them closely
with argument they will even follow you through
the list, and assign some reason, not indeed so
sound as it is plausible, for restricting the num-
ber of butchers and bakers and hackney-coach-
men, to a number so limited as to create a de-
mand for the succession to vacancies as they
arise, and thus leave them at these exorbitant
premiums."

MR. OWEN.

TO THE ARISTOCRACY OF GREAT BRITAIN.

MY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN,—Circumstances of
former times, existing without your knowledge, have
placed you, in the present day, in a situation in
society most injurious to yourselves and to the po-
pulation of the empire.
In consequence of your artificial condition from
birth, you acquire feelings and sentiments which
force you to become most irrational; and to believe,
that the world was formed solely to administer to
your gratification. Habits of luxury and of self-
importance, destructive of your health and real en-
joyment, are thus formed : and these involve a most
useless and unreasonable waste of human labour;
and absorb the means by which, if rightly directed,
the general happiness of the community might be
permanently secured.
In consequence of this combination of unnatural
and vicious circumstances, you are encouraged to
think, that the mass of the people exists only, that
you may employ them to promote your own views,
and to provide for your real, or for your still more
numerous imaginary wants.
By these means, an artificial state of society has
been created, which gives you an apparent interest,
in direct opposition to that of the remainder of the
British population, of which you form but a very
small portion. I say an apparent interest ; for such
it is not in reality ; there is but one true interest
among the whole human race ; which is, that every
individual shall possess the means of obtaining the
best of every thing for his nature, be trained to
know what these things are, and to enjoy them
rationally.

Your class is a formidable obstacle to the attain-
ment of these objects; and it is now requisite that
this obstacle should be removed : but, you have
rights of happiness, which require attention, as much
as those of any other portion of the community.
Your habits of thinking and of acting have been
formed for you ; and your happiness depends, upon
being free to retain these habits or not, according to
your pleasure ; but arrangements may be made, by
which, without inconvenience or disadvantage to
either party, your interest and happiness, as well as
that of the public, would be permanently secured.
It is possilde for you to retain such habits, as
custom may have rendered necessary to your enjoy-
ment of life, and yet, essentially to aid in the pro-
motion of a change, in which the happiness of your
own posterity, and of all your fellow-beings is equally
involved.

You have hitherto made the laws, and generally
controlled the Government of the British Empire.
You have formed the one, and directed the other, to
give and to secure peculiar privileges to your order,
in opposition to the superior interests of at least
nine-tenths of the whole population.
Experience has fully proved what effects these
privileges have produced, upon the members of your
order, and upon the public ; and it must now be
evident to yourselves, that, under those privileges,
you cannot possess, individually or collectively, one
in a hundred of the superior advantages, which
another state of society will afford you.
Modern discoveries in physical science, and of
the real nature of man, have produced a new era in
the history of our race. The discoveries in physical
science may now be made to aid in the creation of
more wealth than the population of the world will
desire to consume; and the discoveries which have
been made of the laws of human nature have de-
veloped the means by which, without awarding par-
ticular privileges to any class, the permanent happi-
ness of all may be effectually secured.
The discoveries in physical science have already
placed at the disposal of the British Government a
power far the production of wealth greater than
could be created without them, by three times the
present number of the producing classes throughout
the world; and this power, enormous as it may ap-
pear, is but in its infancy—it is advancing in a con-
tinually iucrcasing ratio, and to its further progress
there can be no assignable limit.
Wealth and power, therefore, the chief objects of
desire to your order, will, with the exception of a
dominion over your fellow beings, which hereafter
will belong to no party whatever, be fully secured
to you as individuals, under the changes about to
arise in society.
The knowledge that has been acquired of the
laws of human nature, not only developes the cause
of all the evil that has ever existed in the world,
and the means of removing the cause of that evil ;
but it discovers a new mode for the government of
the human race, which will render contest and com-
petition unnecessary, and will effectually destroy in
man all desire to domineer over his fellows. For he
will clearly perceive that the path of happiness is to
be found in another, and a very different course ;
and the real object of all being to secure happiness,
that course alone would be invariably followed.
Were it possible for you to mistake your interest
so far, as to attempt to oppose this change, you
would discover that no efforts of yours can arrest
its progress ; but you may, on the other hand, es-
sentially promote it, by employing some of your
surplus funds, for which you would obtain an ad-
vantageuus return, to assist in the creation of a new
arrangement of circumstances, in conformity to the
laws of our nature, by means of which a superior
character, and an independence, would be insured to
all who shall hereafter be born.

You are even under the existing notions of so-
ciety, too enlightened not to perceive that the old
system of the world is worn out ; that it is now
producing among the labouring class, the miseries
arising from poverty or the fear of poverty; among
the middle classes, the miseries arising from compe-
tition and contest; and, among the upper classes,
as well as among the two furmer, the miseries aris-
ing from universal hypocrisy, the practice of which
the very nature of the system necessarily engenders.
I therefore recommend to your most serious at-
tention, the study of the principles on which it is
proposed to effect a change in the moral, political,
and commercial policy of the British empire, and to
create a new arrangement of circumstances, in ac-
cordance with the new moral and scientific know-
ledge which every where pervades the population of
the British dominions; in order that Great Britain
may now take the lead in saving the world from the
most overwhelming evils, moral and physical, with
which it has ever yet been threatened.
That you may assist in effecting this change, in
proportion to the influence which you possess in
the empire, is the earnest desire of
Your faithful servant,
ROBERT OWEN.
49, Bedford-square, Feb. 4, 1830.

THE FAMILY CLASSICAL LIBRARY.-
The second volume of this valuable publication, consisting
of Translations of the most celebrated Greek and Roman
Historians, Poets, Orators, &c., will be ready with the
Magazines on the Ist of February. It will comprise the
conclusion of the Orations of DEMOSTHENES and the
whole of SALLUST, with two portraits. In this important
undertaking it is proposed to adopt those translations
which have obtained the most general credit, and occa-
sionally (where it may seem requisite) to present an en-
tirely new version of an author from some pen of acknow-
ledged excellence; a plan which cannot fail to be generally
approved, and which will doubtless procure, ere long, for
" the wisdom of the ancients" that advantage which it
ought to possess—a prominent place in modern popular
literature.

ADVENTURES OF AN IRISH GENTLEMAN,
written by himself.--In an article on the literature of the
week which appears in a late number of the John Bull,
the editor, after disclaiming all knowledge of the anti of of
the work, says, " Of this we are sure, that five pages of
it contain inure vigorous talent and literary power than
any three volumes which have recently become fashionable.
It is pathetic, characteristic, ludicrous, poetical, histori-
cal, &c. The part descriptive of the hero's residence in
Portugal is more like SMOLLETT than any body else; and
the narrative of the occurrence of the French revolution,
in which the hero himself is made to be a principal actor,
is the very perfection of literary painting. Indeed, it
seems impossible that the writer should not have partici-
pated in the scenes he so vividly describes."