The Sun.
London, England, 1839-11-18 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY, ‘OVEMBEEI, 18 1839.

and marked character. When that undertaking com-
menced the Directors did me the honor of elect-

ing me their engineer, and many of you
were competitors for the execution of these works
which brought me daily, almost hourly in com-
munication with you. It might appear as if the in-

terests of the numerous contractors were adverse to mine
as the engineer of the Company more especially, and
from the additional situation which I held in a legal
point of view, as sole arbitrator between many of you,
and the Company. At first I was little aware of the
responsibility which the situation imposed upon me, but
many questions naturally arose in which your interests
as well as that of the Company were deeply involved.
From the nature, of these contracts, I found myself fre-
quently placed in • situations of extreme difficulty and
embarrassment, and it was owing to the kind and cordial
manner in which I was uniformly met, that I was ena-
bled to discharge that duty to your satisfaction.—
(Cheers.) In the course of our connexion, various
points arose for discussion, involving questions of
considerable difficulty to me in my capacity of
sole arbitrator. After much serious reflection,
I resolved, in deciding points between you and the
company, to sink my character as their engineer for the
time being, as the only way by which I could draw

line which would be at all an equitable one.—(Lou d
and general cheering.) I take it for granted that after
much anxiety and deliberation that this meeting is a
testimony on your part that I have exercised, in your
behalf, at least honest intentions.—(Renewed cheering.)
On many important points I may have been mistaken.
I have differred with many, nay, almost all of you, on
questions in which your interests were involved, but in
the main I may believe that my decisions, and as I
have already said, I take this meeting as a proof of it,
have nset with your approval.—(Loud cheers.) There
is a circumstance, however, connected with the Lon-
don and Birmingham Railway, which is gratifying to

to me as it is honourable to the Directors of that Com-
pany. I allude to the circumstance of some of you un-
dertaking works which in the end involved difficulties
of so formidable a character that it was impossible for
any private purse to meet them, and these cases un-
fortunately have neither been " few nor far between."
—(Hear, hear.) Under these circumstances where

the welfare of individuals was concerned, and when
there was no blame to be attached to them, I held it to
be my imperative duty to represent to the Directors
all the circumstances—to enable them to weigh all
the minutiae, and to recommend that they should submit
not to. a legal adjustment, but to an equitable one—
(Much cheering)—and it affords me the greatest
satisfaction to know that I never represented a case
to the Directors of the London and Birmingham
Railway, without receiving their attentive consideration.
—(Hear, hear.) The Tring cutting, the Blisworth
cutting, and the Kilsby Tunnel involved difficulties
that individuals alone could not meet ; but these diffi-
culties were cheerfully removed from the responsibility
of individuals to the responsibility of a great Company.
The proceedings adopted at that time were somewhat
questioned by certain parties, but I have now the sa-
tisfaction of saying, and a great satisfaction it is, that
I am sure the Directors, by adopting the course they
did, which was free from anyth;ng like harshness, not
only accelerated the progress of the works but bene-
fited the proprietors most materially.—(Cheers.) In
alluding to these great and formidable works, I am
naturally led to a subject of a rather delicate nature,
engineer's estimates. I allude to that subject because
you are the most competent judges of the contingencies
to which an engineer's estimates are subject ; and hav-
ing experienced them yourselves, and having had to
meet them by your own resources, not one of them
can have escaped your notice. Many have indulged in
sarcastic remarks, and even irony has been brought into
play for the purpose of reducing the standard of the
profession. It has been said that intentional mistakes
have been made, and that these great works have ori-
ginated with Directors, Lawyers, Eegineers, and other
adventurers.—(Laughter.) I am willing to believe such
remarks have originated from ignorance—(Hear, hear)
—but similar observations have been made by those
from whom we might have expected better things. Let
individuals, however, who made such observations look
not at the commencement of the works, but at the
close ; let them recollect that these great works now
spreading orer the country are exciting commercial
enterprise, augmenting the national wealth, increasing
our social comforts, and raising the nation in
the esteem of the civilised world.—(Cheers.) It is
the end, therefore, that ought to be looked at, and not
the beginning, and you have all contributed your mite
as well as myself to produce those glorious effects I
have mentioned. I now approach the most difficult
part of my duty, and I assure you I feel utterly incapa-
ble of discharging it. I feel that I cannot do justice
to my feelings, nor express myself in suitable terms for
your munificent gift. My feelings have quite over-
powered me—your sympathy I know will furnish an
excuse for that imperfection, and I shall therefore con-
clude by offering you my sincere and heartfelt thanks
for your kindness and superb liberality.—( Mr. Stephens-
son sat down evidently very greatly affected, amidst the
most hearty cheering.)
The CHAIRMAN said that their worthy friend and
guest had so eloquently described the national and so-
cial benefits likely to accrue from the establishment of
railroads, that he would not impair the effect that hid
been produced by saying anything further in proposing
the next toast—" Success to railroad interests."

Drank with three times three.
Mr. Fitz william sang with great eclat, " Steam,
steam, steam."
The CHAIRMAN—We have done honour to the son,
and I now propose that we do honour to the father.—
(Loud and long-continued cheers.) 1 ought perhaps

:o tell you that you were very near missing this treat,

for he most particularly begged I would not propose his
health ; but I was satisfied that if I did not you would
be offended.—(Cheers.) His shrewdness of judgment,
his sterling integrity, and the excellence of his character,
are sufficient recommendations for the toast.—(Cheers.)
Independently of those eminent qualities, he is the

father of the man we have assembled to honour, and one
of the brightest gems in his character is, that with
humble means be gave to that son an education of
which any man need be proud.—(Cheers.) Need I
say more. Many of us know him as a kind friend. We
all know him as a man of talent and of sound integrity,
and I therefore take the liberty of proposing that we
drink his health in a bumper.--(Loud cheers.)
Mr. STEPHENSON then presented himself to the
meeting, and was received with renewed cheering.

He said—ln rising to acknowledge the honour you have
just conferred on me, I feel quite incompetent to the
task, and however ill calculated I may be to fill my pre-
sent position, I may with truth say that few men have
ever been placed in a prouder situation than I feel my-
self in to-night.—(Cheers.) Gentlemen, when I see
that young man—l call him a young man, for he still
appears but a lad to me—(Laughter and cheering),—
when I look at the proud position in which you have
placed him ; when I see the large and respectable as-
semblage that has been brought together to confer upon
him so magnificent a token of your approval and friend-
ship, I cannot find words to express my feelings.—
(Hear, hear.) Perhaps I may be justified on an occa-
sion like the present, in referring to my earlier days, and
many of you are aware that I commenced my engineer-
inc, career with limited means. Industry and persever-
ance was all that I had to rely upon, and I endeavoured
to give this young man as good an education as I
could with my scanty means. Gentlemen, every man who
has a son thinks him more talented than any other—
(Hear, hear, and laughter)—and that was a failing attri-
buted to me by my neighbours. However, I persevered
iln
feelgiving j himu s t t the
pride bestthat
educatwithinion
my power, and
disappointed
pectations.—/
( Loud cheering.) Gentleman, I trust you
will pardon these few remarks,and my ex-
.
permit me, in con-
clusion, to return you my warmest thanks for the honour
you have done me.—( Cheers.)
Mr. BIDDULPH said he had been requested to pro-
pose the next toast, and he should not have so readily
obeyed it, had he not felt that the name of the indivi•
dual would be in itself a sufficient guarantee that his
observations would be cordially received by the meeting.
He was about to propose to them the health of their re-
spected Chairman, Mr. Routh.—(Loud cheers.) The
manner in which they had received it fully justified
his anticipations ; but before they proceeded tl
do justice to the toast, he would take the liberty
of saying a few words on the occasion which had
brought them together. He could well conceive the
'
gratification that gentleman must have felt in
presiding
over an assembly who had met upon an occasion as in-
teresting as any that could happen in that country.
Although he was not yet a very old man, and had ni;
wish to make himself older than he was, he could well
recollect the time when railroada, and indeed all plans
i f. r ,peo-1:- cnn-arunicatiou, were treated as chimeric:3l,
1 and he recollected a conversation he had had with Mr.

!George Stephenson, which, although perhaps that gen-
tleman had forgotten, he (Mr. Biddulph) had not.
Mr. Stephenson, on that -occasion, observed—" What-
' ever may be said of horses and dogs racing, what com-
parison can there be between that and seeing an engine
flying across the country, with a hundred people in its
train, and at a far greater speed than either horses or
dogs could go."—(Hear, hear.) That had made a deep
impression upon his (Mr. Biddulph's) mind, and lie con-
fessed he did not think he should have ever lived to see
such important results as had been attained in
railway travelling, which had now become so
common as scarce to excite observation.—(Hear,
hear, hear.) He had been on many Committees
before which Mr. Stephenson had been examined, and
had very generally opposed these projects to the extent
to which their promoters were inclined to go ; but he
had no hesitation in saying that he had since then read
his recantation.—(Cheers.) He had been always im-
pressed with the utility of these undertakings, but he
had no idea of the important influence they were destined
to exercise over the destinies of that country. Now,
however, lie was prepared to go beyond the speculators
of those days, and to believe that they were only yet in
the infancy of railways, which would be hereafter car-
ried to an extent and perfection of which no idea could
be formed. He (Mr. B.) lived about forty miles west
of Birmingham—he little thought at the time that in
his journeys to and from town he would require to pass
through or near Birmingham. Before the introduction
cf railways it requi e ! 17 or 18 hours to make the
journey, but now, even by going 40 miles further he
could reach his house in eight hours.—(Loud cheers.)
With these few remarks upon the practical advantages
of railways he would give them, with all the honours,
the health of " The Chairman, Win. Routh, Esq."

The CHAIRMAN returned thanks. He stood before
them under circumstances which must be Es excuse for
any inability to discharge his duty with effect. It was
originally intended that his (Mr. Routh's) partner
should have taken the chair, but a severe domestic ca-
lamity had totally incapacitated him, for although most
anxious to undertake the office, when he called to mind
the loss of an eldest son, and the position in which he
should be placed with reference to his friends on his
right and left he found himself quite inadequate to the
task.—(Hear, hear.) Under such circumstances he
(Mr. Routh) had taken the chair, and he trusted it
would excuse his inefficiency. He feared he had been
guilty of many omissions, and among the rest he had
omitted to remind the company that his esteemed friend
on his left was the father of the locomotive engine.—
(Cheers.) He begged to thank the company for the ho-
nour they had done him, and to assure them that no-
thing could afford him more sincere pleasure than the
being in any manner instrumental in doing honour to
Mr. Stephenson.---( Hear and cheers.)
The CHAIRMAN said he was now about to give them
the health of an ind;viduai of a class, to whom railroad
interests were more indebted (with the exception of en-
gineers) than any other. He would give them the health
of George Carr Glynn, Esq., Chairman of the Board of
Directors of the London and Birmingham North Mid-
land Railway Company.—(Cheers.) Knowing as all of
them did the devoted attention that gentleman had paid
to railroads—the assistance he had rendered in forward-
ing their interests, and the kindness with which he had
arranged matters in dispute, it was unnecessary for
him to put forward any other claims on his behalf to
their favour. He held in his hand a letter written that
day lay Mr. Glynn, apologizing for his absenc -lon account
of the melancholy circumstance of the death of an inti-
mate friend. Mr. Glynn in his letter stated that "he
had much pleasure in bearing his testimony founded on
the experience of some years, and under very trying
circumstances, to the talent and integrity, the judgment
and honourable conduct of Mr. Robert Stephenson,
and he could only add that professional intercourse had
ripened into: private, friendship."—(Enthusiastic cheer-
ing.) These sentiments did honour to the writer, and
his conduct of railroad interests entitled him to their
esteem and respect.
The toast was drank with great erthtLiasm.
Mr. PARKER briefly returned thanks on behalf of
Mr. Glynn.
The CHAIRMAN next proposed the health of Mr.
Horne, and the contractors present. When he re-
minded them that the cause of their meeting originated
with the Contractors, he was sure they would feel they
could not be sufficiently thanked for the suggestion.
In an early part of the evening he had alluded to the
general character of the body, and he would now say
that in point of integrity, diligence, enterprise, and skill,
they were second to no class'in this country.—(Cheers.)
They had surmounted difficulties which twenty years
ago it would have been considered impossible for any
man to overcome. If any further proof of the Con-
tractors being entitled to their good wishes was want-
ing, it was supplied by the gratitude and good feeling
they had shown on the present occasion, and especially
towards Mr. Robert Stephenson,—(Cheers.)
The toast was drank with three times three.

Mr. HORN had been deputed by his brother contractors
to return thanks for the honour conferred cn them.
He wished that duty had devolved on some one present
more capable of performing it. However, he felt that
if on this occasion the contractors should be mute, the
very railway blocks they have laid would be eloquent,
and that every bridge built on the railway would cry
Shame !"—(Loud cheers.) He had been very much
struck by the remark of their honoured guest, as to •
the sarcasm and irony with which engineers had been
visited, on account of the excess of expenditure over the
estimates ; and he could not help wishing that every
one who made such objections was placed in a deep-
clay cutting—(Laughter)—with incessant wet weather
—(Renewed laughter)—a long lead and no ballast, an
illiberal engineer, and a parsimonious Com pany.—(G reat
laughter and cheers.) Placed in a situation:of that kind,
he was sure the most captious objector would at
once be satisfied—(Laughter)—and would say that
there was abundant reason and justification for every
engineer's expenditure exceeding his estimate.—
(Laughter and cheers.) The contractors felt proud
to have men like Mr. Robert Stephenson and his
father, and were delighted to think they had had some
little hand in procuring that splendid service of plate
to which he was so justl) entitled.—(Hear, hear.)
These gentlemen, of all others, acknowledged the
assistance they derived from effective contractors. When
cthey looked
contractors
inctor s railwaysaftot
proud
udi n a
an
d
rif view, the
con-
sidered that railways would effect. a mightier revolu-
tion in this country than had been effected by the
greatest statesmen this country had produced ; and
that by a speedy and rapid communication between
man and man, the cause of civilization would be more
effectually advanced than by any measures which
the most enlightened statesmen ever proposed. When
they looked on themselves as the humble instruments
of such a mighty change, might they not, he would ask,
on an occasion of that kind, feel some little exultation
—( Hear, hear.) His opinion was, and he believed
his brother contractors entertained the same opinion,
that Mr. George Stephenson and his son Robert were
two of the greatest revolutionists of the present age—
(Great laughter)—and that their great minds were
about to effect a mightier revolution than Jack Cade
ever contemplated.—(Continued laughter.) Therefore,
when they looked at the effects they were about to
produce, not only on this country but civilization ge-
nerally, they might well be proud at having under-
taken such a work as they had been engaged in.—
( Hear, hear.) He begged to take that opportunity
of expressing their gratitude for the kindness that had
been always shown to the contractors by the Company.
That meeting was composed of men who had come
from all parts of the kingdom ; it was not a London
meeting, but a national meeting, for the purpose of
doing honour to great talent and supassing integrity.--
(Loud cheering.)

" White Bait," by Mr. Fitzwilliam, in capital style,
and which elicited peals of applause.
The CHAIRMAN then rose and said, that as they
were within the city of London he was certain every
one present would deem it his duty to pay a mark of
respect to the Magistrates of the city—one or whom was
present that evening, Mr. Alderman Johnson.—
(Cheers.) Independently of being a Magistrate, Mr.
Alderman Johnson bad other claims on their attention,
for he was very nearly one of themselves ; for if not a
contractor, he was a tradesman connected with public
works, and had distinguished himself with honour in the,
city of London. Ho had great pleasure, therefore, in
proposing the health of Mr. Alderman Johnson and
the other Magistrates of the city of London.—(Drank
with great applause.)
Mr. Alderman JoHNsorr in returning thanks observed
that it afforded him very great pleasure to ba among
the friends of his true and worthy acquaintance, Mr. R.
Stephenson, on so auspicious an occasion. He would
observe that he had been a contractor for a great num-
ber of years, and it was in consequence of the vast be-
nefits he had derived from that business that be had
been enabled to attain the situation he then held.—
(Hear, hear.) He attributed the emoluments be had
derived from his business to the kindness he had re-
ceived from a variety of persons he had been engaged
with ; and he was sure, judging from the kind feelings
they had expressed towards Mr. R. Stephenson, many
of the contractors under his kind auspices would arrive
at the same position he (Mr. Alderman Johnson) then
filled —(Cheers.)
The CHAIRMAN said there was another very im-
portant class whose talents and exertions had been pro.
ductive of most beneficial results to railway undertak-
ings. He alluded to manufacturing engineers, who
might be considered as represented at that meeting by
Messrs. Maudesley and Field.—(Cheers.) One of
these gentlemen was the President of the extremely
useful and important association—that of Civil En-
gineers. He would give them, therefore, " Mr. Field,
and success to the Institution of Civil Engineers."
Mr. FIELD returned thanks, and referred at some
length to the progress of the institution of which he
had the honour to be a Vice-President. Its present
flourishing state was a proof of the high estimation in
which it was held, and of the beneficial results that had
flowed from what were originally very humble efforts.
year, ago Mr. Pala e• brought. tomethr!r a
r age to f:;: _l] vLi 41:A11.111,4On
. .
fvr the promotion of mutual improvement. That infant

institution had laboured hard for several years,
till Mr. Telford was requested to take upon himself the
office of President. During his life he had devoted
much attention to it, and at his death lie left sub-
stantial proofs of his op;nion of the value of the in-
stitution. He begged to thank them for the compli-
ment they had conferred -upon the institution.
The CHAIRMAN then gave " Mr. 'Fite and the As-
sociation of Architects of the City of London."
Mr. TITE returned thanks. Nothing could be more
agreeable or flattering to him than to find that art of
which he was an humble professor linked as a sister
art with that of engineering, and as there could be no
rivalry between them, he laved they would be always
found cc-operating for the benefit of the country to
which they both belonged. It had always been his
study to promote the progress of improvement in the
science of architecture, and he begged to acknowledge
the compliment they had paid it through him.—(Cheers.)
The health of the stewards was then drank, and Mr.
GRISSELL returned thanks.

The CHAIRMAN next proposed the health of Mr.
Barry, who had taken exceeding pains with reference to
the meeting, and he trusted had given satisfaction to
every one.—(Loud cries of '' Hear, hear.") He be-
lieved that but for the great trouble Mr. Barry had
taken in all the arrangements connected with the meet-
ing the labour that would have devolved on the mem-
bers of the Committee would have been excessive.—
(Hear, hear.) He therefore proposed that they would
drink Mr. Barry's health in a bumper.—(Cheers.)
Mr. BARRY, in returning thanks, observed that the
subscriptions towards the plate were limited in amount,
otherwise he had no hesitation in saying twenty times
the amount would have been contributed. The kind
and friendly feelings expressed towards Mr. Stephen-
.son by those who knew him only by name were most
omtifying. He had in his possession a letter, signed " A
foreigner,' which be (Mr. B.) considend as a most
valuable document, inasmuch as it was an additional
testimonial of the esteem and respect which their worthy
and talented guest was regarded by foreign nations.—
(Cheers.) If the present to Mr. Stephenson had been
of the value of 10,0001., he (Mr. Barry) would have had
no difficulty in raising the money.—(Cheers.)
The following is the letter alluded to by Mr. Barry :
Sia—\Vhcndistress or pain call on the sympathies of our
nature, many, whose advice or assistance are sought, will
readily respot d t.) that call ; but when we find associated
with great practical end scientific knowledge, those blind,
and attractive personal qualities, which shall invite rather
than discourage approach for council and information on a
subject novel, important, and difficult—find that advice
given in the midst of perforn:ance of arduous duties, cheer-
fully, unostentatiously, and gratuitously—a high sense of
respect and admiration cannot fail to animate those who
have experienced those favours and advantages, and they
cannot help pronouncing it, a rare felicitous union in the
character of a man. Such a man is Robert Stephenson,
Esq , the constructor of that gigantic European work, the
London and Birmingham Railway, at once a high autho-
rity in, and an ornament to, his profession and to society,
of whom any country might justly be proud.
The restriction proscribed by your subscription list hav-
ing for its object a testimonium to that gentleman,
excludes me from the honour of appearing on that
list; and I have no doubt that there are other
foreigners, who sharing with me the same sentiments,
would, were the entrance to that subscription extended,
gladly embrace such an opportunity to add their tribute of
respect for Robert Stephenson, Esq., the eminent English
civil engineer and gentleman.
I myself subscribe here, with feelings of becoming re-
spect and gratitude to him, whom your testimony is to
honour, and respectfully to yourself, as,
Sir, your obedient servant,
A FOREIGNER.

To J. D. Barry, Esq., Manchester.
Mr. HORN bore testimony to the :value of Mr.
Barry's services, which had been entirely gratuitous.
He believed Mr. Barry had had more trouble in refusing
contributions, than in receiving them.—(Hear, hear.)
He thought it ought to be known that none but con-
tractors and furnishers of materials had been permitted
to subscribe, and that no one was allowed to subscribe
more than 51.—(Hear, hear.)
Mr. STEPHENSON, son., begged to propose a toast to
a body of gentlemen whose dealings be admitted were
carried on a good deal in the dark, he meant the iron-
masters.—(Hear, hear, and laughter. He (Mr. Ste-
phenson) professed to be a miner, and he knew pretty
well the difficulties they had to contend with. The
exertions of the ironmasters in England, deserved
the greatest credit They had not only contributed
great benefits to their own country, but to the world,
for the productions of their mines were sent to ever♦
part of the known world.—( Hear, hear.) He believed
there was one very successful ironmaster present, and
that great credit was due to him, for manufacturing
good iron, and he therefore would give " Mr. Walter
Williams and the ironmasters."

Mr. WILLIAMS returned thanks. Railways had
certainly been of great advantage to the iron trade, and
he would mention what, perhaps, was not very generally
known, that his father, if not the projector of railways,
was at least the first man who brought railways feasibly
before the public—but he might say, more in joke than
in earnest ; for it was thought that so gigantic an under-
taking could scarcely be accomplished. The oppression
felt by the heavy tolls levied en iron ore by canal com-
panies, had suggested to his father the idea of establish-
ing a railway, a means of communication that was now
being general throughout the kingdom.—(Hear, hear.)
He felt most grateful for the kindness they had shown
in drinking his health.
The Chairman, accompanied by Messrs. Stephenson,
then retired, amidst the most rapturous applause, and
the company separated.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS

(SATURDAY EVENING.)
POST.—The monthly return of the weekly liabilities
and assets of the Bank of England, for the quarter
ended the 12th inst., was published in last night's
Gazette. The variations of the present averages com-
pared with those of last month, are, on the quarter, as
follow :—The circulation is now 17,235,000/., against
17,612,000/., showing a diminution of 377,000/. The
deposits are 6,132,000/., against 6,734,0001., showing a
decrease of 602,000/., and making the total of the lia-
bilities 23,367,0(101. The securities, on the other hand,
reductionar nov 23(73,0001,
1,066,000!. againstTThe
stock 2 4,9309 f ,
tOuolol
i/o. ,n
i showing
greatera
by 20,0001, the difference between 2,545,000/. and
2,525,000/. The total of assets is 26,418,000/. The
"rest" is less by 67,0001., the difference between
3,051,000/. and 3,118,000/. The most important va-
riation is to be found in the securities. The reduction
effected in this item proves that the Directors have
acted somewhat unsparingly on the circulation in order
to bring up their amount of bullion to a point more in
proportion with it. In this, however, it is, we believe,
admitted on all hands they have been perfectly justified
by circumstances.

HERALD.—We have to notice a greater number
of important arrivals in one day than have occurred for
some time, and it may readily be imagined that they have
created an unusual degree of interest with all parties
connected with the two hemispheres.
Letters and papers have been received from Calcutta,
through Mr. Waghorn's agency, by express, from India
via Bombay, in the extremely short time from that pre-
sidency of thirty days. The Zenobia sailed from Bombay,
bringing dates from Calcutta to the 26th of September ;
Madras, to the 28th of that month ; and from China, to
the 19th of July. The papers and letters from India do
not much add to the political information which has
already appeared-in this journal.
A letter from a gentleman at Calcutta, of the highest
character, states that there could be no doubt but that
the fall of Ghuznee would have a political and moral
influence over some of the native princes who lately
have exhibited much restlessness udder the supreme
Government, and that it would have the effect of keep-
ing the Nepaulese and Burmese quiet.
The commercial accounts from Calcutta mention that
the markets for British produce and manufactures were
more active, though without any improvement in the
quotations.
The reports from the factories of the amount of the
Indigo crop had not much varied from !hose previously
received ; but the making of the crop in the lower pro-
..
..
........
.........
..
...... 5206:283735
vinces had almost been completed.
To the 25th of September the exports were
......................... 12,415
__To Great
re
places
a. Britain.c.e.s. ..

Factory Aids ............ 80,523
Considerable purchases of Silk had been made for
European account at the late quotations ; in other pro-
duce little was doing, Exchange on England was 25.2 d.
to 2s. Id., but bills were not in demand. Freights were
21. 15s. to 41. 10s. per ton. The private letters still
the dawk or
motblfiat the bearers
ay. The let-
tleeeotrmtsepirll
have
e seriouslyto carrying
b e fromdivided
ho
leienoti
tnot ea ffip
taceri ec netlesyo,
or runners may be able to carry them through the
almost impassable and unhealthy jungles from Cal-
cutta to Nagpore, from thence to Bombay they are car-
ried on horseback, but the expense of the dawk from
Calcutta to Nagpore, backwards and forwards, is
nearly one lac of rupees per annum. The Zenobia left
Bombay on the Ist of August with the mail of that
au 5,000 of the
il uenee of the in-
mc oa nl
etob
t,t a b
eu
ot v
eerasv lingood behind
papers, mi oer
oe n
stehq
arrived to-clay.
e f fi c ie
Whenn ei yt ofs
considered
s iddaewr
ekd ;
that
jt the
gs
ael
eohs
ea
any
noe
mo d
noloy
nothing of the Bengal
mittances are constantly forwarded this way, to say
stheiramount of re-
danger, it is
almost incredible that the Company will not yield to the
wishes of the Government, and support a steam com-
munication throughout.
The private advises from Canton are not favourable,
nor does it appear that any progress ha-1 been made to-
wards the settlement of the disputes between the Eng-
lish and the Chinese authorities. The trade continued
stopped, and the Commissioner Lin had addressed a letter
ts to deal in opium,
a in very discour-
ttoeotohse
tQe
rume
se,no,fi nw hi which she
permittingshe
heris aseocbuj
es eed
but the langurge was so violent that Capt. Elliot refused
to forward it. In its details it insists upon her Ma-
p,„•,,iinti„g a 1 her subj.c...s horn dealing in, or
making opium. The Americans still remained at Can-

ton, and had entered into very severe securities with
the hangs for permission to trade, and, in consequence,
they had the complete monopoly of it. They were
dealing in teas and silks. Gunpowder teas were 34 a
40 tads, and imperials 31 a 37 taels per picul. They
had taken 1,500 chests of Twankay at 18 a 21 taels
per picul, and the hongs were demanding 19 a 21 for
low congoes. Nankeen silk was firm at from X 305 a
450 tads per picul. Exchange on England was G pm.
Bii!s were 4s. 10d. to 4s. lid, per dollar.
Captain Elliot had taken up the Cambridge mer-
chantman as a guard-ship. This will cost nearly 5,000/.,
but thsre was no British ship of war in the Chinese
waters to protect the trade. An affray had taken
place at Hong Kong, a village, on the 7th of Octo-
ber, between some English sailors and the Chinese,
when a Chinaman was killed. Captain Elliot com-
promised the affray with the relations of the deceased
for 19,000 dollars ; but the fact being reported to
Governer Lin by the mandarins, he commanded the
money to be restored, and the man who caused
the death to be delivered up, as the Chinese laws
require life for life. Hence here has arisen a new cause
for strife with the Chinese. Yu, the acting collector
of customs at Canton, has issued a very lengthy
edict, giving fresh instructions for the regulations of
that port,

Commercial letters from Bombay complain that trade
was dull. Shipments of cotton had nearly ceased.
Opium was 320 rupees per chest, and there was no de-
mand for the quantity on band, amounting to from
11,000 to 12,000 chests. Exchange on England was
lower, and quoted at Is. 110. a 2s. 0-41 d. per rupee.
Freights were scarce at 40s. a 50s. per ton. Letters
from Singapore to the 16th of Angust state that sonic
opium had arrived from Bengal, which was quoted ❑o-
ininally at 279 to 280 dollars per chest.

TO THE MEN BE OF TICE
TRADES' POLITICAL UNION,

Darrynane Abbey, Nor. 12.
Fellow-countrymen—As the only legal political asso-
ciation existing now in Ireland, I address you..
The times are arduous and extraordinary, and require
all the attention and all the energy of determined pa-
triotism.

Treason is abroad, and exhibits itself in open violence
by one set of traitors ; and in unmanly, and malignant
calumny by another set of traitors. _
It is difficult to say which is the worse of the two. They
have one point of unity and connexion—namely, evenomed
hatred to the person and the political virtue of our youthful
Sovereign.

For the first time in the annals of British history has the
cnce-unstained glory cf the English military uniform been
tarnished and disgraced. British officers—oh I scandal-
ous !—have allowed the ruffian Bradshaw, and the no less
miscreant Ruby, to traduce, vilify, and basely as well as
falsely vituperate in their presence and hearing, a young
and exalted lady, and that lady their Sovereign I
Why it would not—nay, it could not be believed,
without the astounding evidence of these facts, that there
could be found amongst British officers any such recreants
to honour, as well as to every sense of duty, as to sit silent
if not applausive bearers of the calumniators of female
youth and innocence—of royal youth, adorned with here-
ditary power and personal virtue 1 It could scarcely be
believed of the inmates of the lowest receptacles of vice
that beings should be found so daring as to be guilty of the
turpitude and atrocity of uttering these calumnies on their
Queen, if officers serving under that very Queen were not
proveably guilty of the greater baseness of allowing suelt
calumnies to be uttered in their presence with impunity.
There is another awful feature in these treasonable pro-
ceedings—it is, that amongst the most prominent ap-
provers of these crimes were many of the dignified clergy
of that Church of which the lady thus outraged is the
temporal head.

This, as far as treason is concerned, is the epitome of
the facts.

1. The foulest language was applied to the illustrious
Lady who reigns over these realms—language ahnost unfit
for the stews and certainly unfit for any other locality.
2. To such vile language were added distinct threats of
assailing the Throne, and expelling the Sovereign—that
is, in other words, of committing high treason.
3. This traitorous conduct was displayed by men in the
rank, though without the manners, of gentlemen ; was
supported and applauded by many beneficed clergymen of
the Established Church ; was listened to with approbation
by officers of the Queen's army, of variuus grades ; was
cheered to the echo by baronets, and knights, and country
squires in a mass, or rather in a mob.
4. This exhibition is the act of a great party. It is not
an isolated fact. It is a fact of a family. The creed and
conduct of the Tory party is thus announced. Here they
are "in flagrante delicto." That which the press of that
odious faction has been for some time past covertly insi-
nuating is now publicly disclosed. Tory treason stands
forth in all its atrocious deformity.
5. For the conduct of that party the Duke of Wel-
lington and Sir Robert Peel are individually responsible.
Out of this position they cannot escape. It is the very
faction of which they are the open and avowed leaders
which has committed, in the regular course of party pro.
eeeedings, the traitorous conduct I have thus feebly, but
truly, described.
6. The connexion, especially of Sir Robert Peel, with
this conduct cannot be denied until he has publicly dis-
claimed making use of the support of such men. He
cannot, by any dexterity of hypocrisy, avoid the opprobrium
attached to their conduct, without doing that which he
certainly will not do, namely, giving up the benefit of the
assistance of this traitorous crew in enabling him to regain
power. I❑ short, lie cannot have the advantage of Tory
aid without being stained and tarnished with Tory de-
linquency.

For my part, I have no hesitation in saying that the
conduct of the misguided Chartists is not more criminal
(and it is less disgraceful) than that of the Tory traitors.
There was an open manliness in the guilt and crime of the
rebellious Chartists. They abided the brunt of battle,
such as it was, and were not, at all events, culpable of de-
ceit, and trick, and mean dexterity. Can so much be
said of the leaders of the Tory traitors?
We may be told that with the affray at Newport the
Chartist treason is at an end. I do not believe that prudent
men will think so. It broke out suddenly and unexpect-
edly in Wales. Who can say where or how it may break
out elsewhere? Deep discontent pervades many of the
working classes ; and there is this especial dagger in that
discontent--that to a certain extent it is well founded.
They have reason to be grievously dissatisfied with the
very limited nature of the elective franchise, and with the
refusal of the protection of the Ballot. In short, they
really are a slave.class in England, deprived of all legal
and constitutional means of procuring protection for
themselves.

It is this, and this alone, which renders the Chartist
spirit dangerous to the existing institutions of the country.
If the Tories were in office for six months the danger
from Chartist discontent would be multiplied one thousand
fold. _

The Tories, who now encourage the Chartists, would,
if in rower, be their bitterest enemies. New penal laws
—local partiality and oppression—the stifling of the voice
of just complaint—bigotry, exclusiveness, increased bur-
dens—all the crimes which Toryism is heir to, in adlltion
to the existing grievances, would drive the working cl,..sses
nearly mad ; and the Tories, if in power, would soon com-
pel, or tempt the middle classes to join the Chartists. The
danger to the peace of society would be augmented enor-
mously by the Tory advent to the Government.
This would be so in England and Scotland: but what
would it be in Ireland ? Nothing can be imagined more
horrific than ilia state of Ireland under a restored Tory
Cabinet. Sir Robert Peel would talk of justice and im-
partiality, Bah ! all his plausibility would not soothe or
retard the rapid spread of Orange vengeance and tyranny
on the one hand, of just aad virulent discontent on the
other.

If Peel can govern England only by the aid of the trai-
torous Tories, he can govern Ireland only for and by the
Orange faction. Impossible that he should govern
Ireland otherwise. In fact, there are no possible materials
to enable him to govern the Irish otherwise than by and
for tke Orange faction. Conceding that which Ido not
believe—that he would be desirous to rule the Catholic
people of Ireland fairly and justly—yet he could not do it.
He would not be allowed to do it. The Orange faction
would compel bim to suffer them to enjoy the exercise of
their long accustomed tyranny, rapacity, and bigotry.
But suppose his Irish allies appeased (and the suppo-
sition is a most violent one)--suppose the Irish Orange-
men changed their nature and ceased to be tyrannic bigots
—yet, after all this, there is the anti-Irish, anti- Catholic
Tory party in England, You have read the ruffian Brad-
shaw's Canterbury speech. Would a villain of that
description, who has the unparalleled audacity to vilify
all ranks and classes of the Irish people, and to traduce the
ancient Christianity of the land—would such villains as
that, and as those who applauded and cheered his scoun-
drel rancour—would they, I say, leave Peel one hour in
power unless he gratified their pestilent malignity towards
Ireland by persecuting, in every practicable way, the Irish
people ?
Certainly not?
The danger then, is imminent—the crisis is portentous.
English gentry, clergy, military, and Parliamentary men,
utter with applause, and by repetition, the most scandalous
and infamous ribaldry against the Queen on the one hand,
and against 8,000,000 of the Irish people on the other. It
looks like actual madness, like a species of national insanity.
But there is method in their madness. The Tory plan
stands avowed. It is to subvert the Royal authority—to
substitute the hoary tyrant of Hanover for the Queen, and
to trample under the bloody hoofs of their cavalry the
Catholic people of Ireland, as they did before ; to dese-
crate our altars and proscribe our religion, as they did
before !
These things were done before. The party which Peel
heads, and 'Wellington countenances, threaten to repeat
the horrors of bygone times.
What is to be done ? I will tell you—
Ireland is to be roused from the centre all round to
the sea.

There must be no apathy—no shrinking. It may be
a service of imminent danger and of death ; but all perils
must be encountered to protect the throne of our most gra-
cious and beloved Queen, and the civil and religious liber-
ties of the Irish people.
" For the Queen and our country" is the cry.
There must be agitation and organization. The con-
stituted authorities must be consulted ; and no proceed-
ings can be adopted but such as have the sanction of
the present Irish executive authority.
The Queen must be addressed by every one of her
loyal Irish subjects. The tender of our lives in defence
of her throne will not be made in the ordinary phrase-
ology of flattery to princes. No ! it will be offered in
the spirit of generous and ardent readiness to die in her
defence. It is our duty, it would be our delight to
shield her from—ay, and to laugh to scorn all her enemies.
We should take measures to enable the Irish Govern-
ment to send to England all the remaining troops in tbis
country. We should place at the disposal of Lord Nor-
manby every soldier of the regular army now in Ireland.

Lord Ebrington should also be addressed. He should
I be called on to suggest or to sanction a plan to enable him
' to enrol, for readiness to answer the call of every duty,
military as well as civil, nine-tenths of the male population
of Ireland.
The Queen's Government can, if they please, have at
their disposal, without delay, 500,000 fighting men. The
display of Irish readiness to form such a force, under the
guidance and subject to the control of the constituted
authorities, will put an end to all danger of Chartist in.
surrection, and will at the same time drive the spirit of
dastard Toryism to despair.
I call on you, brother Unionists, and upon every loyal
Irishman who reads this letter, to be ready fo co-operate
in placing our Queen and country out of all danger from
the machinations of the two classes of traitors by which we
are now assailed or menaced.
• Ireland was never in so perfect a state of tranquillity.
11 Although so many of her grievances are unredressed, yet
the confidence in the Queen's Government, the heart-
binding allegiance of the people to the Queen, operate like
a charm; and never was Ireland so free from crime, or so
thoroughly tranquil.
Let us, then, enable the Lord-Lieutenant to send to
England every soldier of the regular army now in Ireland.
But one thing is absolutely necessary—there must be an
immediate investigation into the conduct of the military at
the two seditious and traitorous meetings. Lord Hill can-
not refrain from investigating the facts ; and it it shall be
proved or admitted that there were officers present at the
treasonable language of the ruffian Bradshaw, at Canter-
bury, then Lord Hill will be guilty of dishonourable
faithlessness to the Queen unless these officers be instantly
cashiered.
So at Ashton—if it be true that Colonel Thomas was
present at the rabid malignity towards the Queen of the
miscreant Roby—especially if it be true that he (Thomas)
WFS so stupidly wicked as to say that the British army is a '
partisan army—that they arc partisans against the Queen's
Government, and in support of the statesmen who would
so enslave the Queen as to deprive her of the power of
selecting the ladies of her bedchamber—if Colonel Thomas
was wicked enough to say any thing like what is attribute I
to him by the public papers—why, in that case, Lord Hill
would himself be a traitor to the Crown and the country
unless he instantly dismissed Colonel Thomas from a
service of which, in the care supposed, he would be a dis-
grace, and of which in no case is he an ornament.
The admirable conduct of the army in Ireland—the
strict performance of their duty, in the total alssence of
all party feeling, as hich not only the officers, but even the
privates, have shown on every occasion in this country, en-
courages and justifies the hope that there are but few
indeed in the entire British army who would be guilty of
the conduct attributed to Colonel Thomas, and to the
other officers present at Ashton and at Canterbury.
But it is essential, not only to the discipline of the army
but to the security of the Queen and of the liberties of the
people, that those transactions should be narrowly scruti-
nized. No officer shall dare to say (as Colonel Thomas
is reported to have said) that the army is a partisan army.
This must not be. This is the first time in which such a
declaration was attributed to any British officer.
It is, therefore, of great importance that if the charge
against Colonel Thomas be false, his character should be
vindicated; but it is of infinitely greater importance, if
the charge be true, that he should be signally punished.
The army, in our civil strife, should be entirely and
purely neutral. It should be at all times ready to obey
lawful commands, with perfect indifference as to the effect
on, any political party.
The duty of the army is to obey implicitly the lawful
authority of persons in command, wiohout any reference
to political opinions.
If Sir Robert Peel's party think otherwise—if Lord
Hill is to permit political partisanship to exhibit itself with
impunity in the army, why then it is doubly incumbent on
every man who loves the constitutional liberties of the
country to prepare for the civil strife ; and so to organize
under the control of the Queen's Government as to be
ready to protect her person and authority against traitors
of every description, whether dressed in broad cloth and
fine linen, or rigged out in the fustian jacket and cap of the
humble operative.
Let Ireland, then, rouse herself once more—let every
parish be prepared, if the Lord-Lieutenant shall require it,
to furnish its quota ; and if he disapproves of this sugges-
tion, why, let his wishes be considered as commands, and
let other measures be taken legally and constitutionally to
obviate the present dangers, and to put down the vile
enemies of the Throne and of the people.
At all events let all Ireland address the Queen—let us
show her that there are in Ireland hearts and hands to se-
cure her throne against every foe--let the vile calumnies of
the ruffian Bradshaw, and of the equally despicable mis-
creant Roby, be treated with the contemptuous reprobation
such disgraceful conduct deserves.
The revolutionary tendency of the Tory party is obvious.
Their treasonable attempt to vest all power in the oligarchy
is manifest. The Peers already trample on the House of
Commons. They cock equally to trample on the Crown.
If they could but control the Queen as they have domi.
neered over the representatives of the people, their autho-
rity would be paramount, and British liberty would be
destroyed. The real revolutionists are the Peers. Their
underlings, the Bradshaws and Robys, only speck the
sentiments of their masters, and indicate accurately the
intentions of their leaders. It is necessary for Ireland
to save the empire from the machinations of these wicked
men ; and Ireland is ready to no her duty.
Ireland, then, will rouse herself; and her cry shall be,
" the Queen and Constitutional freedom."
I have the honour to be your faithful servant,
DANIEL O'CONNELL.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

(From the Morning Chronicle.)
It appears from the report of our Newport corre-
spondent that the late affair there was not isolated.
He gives a copy of a letter received by the Mayor of
Newport from the Chief Magistrate of one of the
largest and most influential towns of England (whose
name he communicates to us privately) containing this
remarkable statement :—" It appears every evident,
that there is a secret correspondence and organization
in all parts of the country. We have here, as the party
at Newport, secret signs and watchwords, captains, 4.c.,
and some arms. From the accounts I read in the
papers, I find a very striking connection between
the system adopted with you, and the one now in
progress here." An emissary from Birmingham has
been examined and searched, in consequence of a
communication to the Mayor of Newport, from the
Commissioner of Police of Birmingham, with a
portion of his address at a meeting of the Chartists in
that town, on the evening of the 11).th of November.
We should rather infer, from the portion of the
address given, that Frost's attempt on Newport
was not the result of any concert with the Chartists
elsewhere, for he says, " The secret is to be found
out yet ; and that will not be till after I return from
Newport." The papers found on him, • baying re-
ference to the organization of the districts which he
was to visit, is somewhat suspicious. We do not
consider the organization, described by the Chief
Magistrate above alluded to, as prevailing in the
North, to furnish direct evidence of a concert
with Frost ; but the existence of such an
organization, if Frost had succeeded in gain-
ing possession of Newport, and holding it for
a day or two, might have facilitated the endeavours of
the more violent of the Chartists elsewhere to at-
tempt something similar. We suspect that the local
organisations arc the result of a general understanding ;
but that Frost merely speculated on the chance of his
success operating upon the Chartists in other quarters. It
is all bnt evident that the Chartists were not gene-
rally prepared for the attempt of Frost ; for no indica-
cations were anywhere affJrded of their knowledge of
it, and the speech of Cardo implies that the proceedings
of Frost were a secret to them. It is fortunate that
the outbreak took place under circumstances more
favourable for the Chartists than can be ex-
pected elsewhere. The Welsh are an earnest
and a religious people. In many of the
towns of England there is a great deal of idle rho-
domontade uttered by speakers who never seriously
think of attempting what they speak of ; but the
Welsh are a simple people, who mean what they
say. If, then, favoured by the distinction of lan-
guage between the higher and lower classes, by the
nature of the occupations, and other circumstances, the
Chartists succeeded in maturing their plans, of which,
till shortly before the very moment of execution, no
knowledge was possessed by the authorities, the rising of
many thousands were checked in a few moments by a
handful of soldiers, what hopes can be entertained that
a rising would be more successful where every move-
ment would be discovered and watched? The affair
of Newport will have produced this good effect, that it
must impress the Chartists elsewhere with the notion
that they can effect nothing by violence, but the destruc-
tion of those who oppose themselves to the authorities of
the country. The physical force advisers will not be so
readily listened to hereafter.

(From the Times.)
In the laboured attempt at a defence of Minis-
ters which is contained in the last Edinburgh Re-
few the following passage occurs :—" They have closed
he last arduous Session (for we will not narrow this
boon by classing it among the mere financial arrange-
ments) wills obtaining for every class of the people
the commercial, literary, and *social benefits arising
from the cheapest possible intercourse by corn._
spondence—preceding, in this, the most vigorous and
most popular States in the world." This boon, the
penny postage, so ostentatiously referred to in italics,
has also been made the subject of laudatory com-
ment by Mr. Attorney-General and Mr. Daniel
O'Connell. But as yet the penny postage scheme is
only to be found on paper. An Act, indeed, for
its establishment was passed last Session, in oppo-
sition to the recorded advice of persons of experience
in the Post-office department, but in obedience, as is
generally believed, to the peremptory, mandate of cer-
tain members of the Reform Club, whose votes were
absolutely necessary to sustain the reformed petticoat
Government ; and in the preamble of that Act we col-
lect that "it is expedient that the present rates of
inland postage on letters should be reduced to one uni-
form rate of a penny charged on every letter of a
given weight, to be hereafter fixed and determined ;"
and that "it is expedient to give by law a temporary
authority to the Lords of her Majesty's Treasury to
give effect to such reduction, and to make orders and
regulations for the same, which reductions, orders, and
regulations shall have force and effect to the fifth day
of October, IS-10, and no longer." The Act passed
on the 17th of August. On the 12th of November,
nearly three months afterwards, and when one month