The Sun.
London, England, 1830-05-04 00:00:00

DEATH OF SIR ROBERT PEEL.

It is with much regret we have this day to an-
nounce the death of Sir ROBERT PEEL. This
melancholy event took place yesterday afternoon,
at Drayton Park, Staffordshire. Sir ROBERT
had a relapse on Sunday morning, when an ex-
press was immediately sent off to Mr. Secretary
PEEL, and the Right Hon. Gentleman yester-
day left town for the seat of his father ; but we
understand Sir ROBERT had expired before his
arrival.

The Paris Papers of Sunday contain no news.
The Moniteur contradicts the assertion that
General BOURMONT had demanded a reinforce-
ment of 20,000 men, in consequence of the re-
ported alliance between the Barbary States.

The Hamburg Reporter, and other Papers
have been received to the Ist of May, from
which the following are extracts :

FROM TIM TURKISH FRONTIERS, APRIL 10.-Since
it has been known the Protocol of the London conferences
on the affairs of Greece has been received at Constanti-
nople, a report has been generally spread that the Sultan
has totally refused to accede to it. Though this excites no
uneasiness with respect to Greece, since we may be con-
vinced that the three Allied Powers will not depart in any
point from the plan on which they have agreed, the
struggle for its independence cannot be considered as
ended. Athens, Negropont, and Caristo, are still in the
hands of the Turks, which they must be compelled to
evacuate by force, if the Porte does not give its assent in
the time prescribed. It seems indeed inconceivable what
the Porte thinks to gain by its obstinacy, and we are
tempted to agree in opinion with those who take this re-
fusal of the Porte to be a mere artifice to save itself from
further demands. In fact, the Divan appears to enter-
tain some such apprehensions (groundless ones indeed)
with respect to Candia. However, what is not done now
may be expected at some future time. Concha, will always be
a bone of contention between the new State and the Porte,
and as happened with the Morea, the intervention of fo-
reign Powers (perhaps, indeed, after the lapse of many
years) will put an end to the effusion of blood.
Cant.siturts, APRIL 23.—The melancholy news of
the death of the Grand Duke of Hesse, which could not
be concealed from the Margravine Amelia Frederica, his

sister, has had such an effect on the health of that Princess
that fears are entertained that she will not recover. She
is not yet acquainted with the melancholy event of the
death of her other brother, the Landgrave Christian.
BERLIN, APRIL 28.—Her Royal Highness the Electress
of Hesse Cassel, his Majesty's sister, has arrived here with
her daughter, Princess Caroline.
FROM THE WESER, APRIL 27.—Baron Von Sierscorpff,
who, in the year 1828, was banished, together with his
wife, from the Duchy of Brunswick, for having displeased
the Duke, and who afterwards obtained from the Pro-
vincial Court at Brunswick a decision that there was no
legal obstacle to his return to the Duchy, or to his resi-
dence in the country, which sentence however was an-
nulled and destroyed on the 9th January, this year, by
the Counsellor of Justice, Frecke, in the presence of all
the Members of the Tribunal at Wolfenbuttel, has now
applied to the Diet at Frankfort, and has had his petition
printed, together with an appendix of 14 documents.
LUBECK, APRIL 27.—Flis Royal Highness the Crown
Prince of Bavaria and suite arrived here the day before
yesterday. His Royal Highness will remain here a few
days to visit all that is remarkable in our city, and then
go to Travemunde.

HAMBURG, APRIL 30.—The third number of the first
division of the Alteration of the Laws of the Kingdom of
Hanover, for this year, contains the Treaty of Commerce
and Navigation between Hanover and Mexico, which has
bee■ drawn up on the model of that between Great Bri-
tain and Mexico.

By a Special Agreement signed on the 20th of June, 1827,
by Count Munster and M. Camacho, at London, it is re-
cognized that the Third Article of that Treaty can hare
no effect, as Hanover has no colonies; in like manner the
Fourteenth Article is declared not to be applicable to the
subjects of this kingdom. The fifteen articles are also de-
elared to be as applicable to the relations between the sub-
jects of the Kingdom of Hanover and the United States
of Mexico.

DENMARK, APRIL 22.—1 t is said that the General
Board of Management of the Forests, and also the Coun
sel for the affairs of the churches and schools, will be
suppressed. Another reform concerning the theatre is
spoken of ; it is no longer to be a Court theatre, but will
he wholly under the management of M. Kusler Aulu,
Counsellor of Leipsic, who will receive from the Grand
Duke 60,000 florins per annum, on consideration of his
paying the salaries and other expenses except the orchestra,
which will always be composed of the musicians of the
Court. M. Kusler will choose all the persons employed
in the theatre, and will net be bound to retain any except
those who are engaged for life, and most of whom are
artists of distinguished talents.
SWITZERLAND, APRIL 20.--A Papal Brief, dated
from the Vatican, the 23d March, has been received from
Rome, with the final incorporation of the Cantons of
Argovia and Thurgovia, with the Diocese of Basle.
HAMBURG, APRIL 30.—Boast x HALLE, HALF-PAST
FOUR O'CLOCK.-Although the supply of Wheat, this
week, has again been considerable, the parcels received
were readily sold. The best samples were chiefly taken
for exportation to England and France, and purchases
were also made by our own consumers. The inferior
qualities of grain were also in some demand, and the
arrivals from the Lower Elbe were, consequently, mostly
disposed of.—Prices the same as last week.
In Rye a trifling advance is to be noted, owing to the
smallness of supply. Barley and Oats are of ready sale,
without any alteration, however, in price.
Number of lasts imported during the week :—Wheat,
1620 ; Rye, 50 ; Barley, 45 ; Oats, 122 ; Buckwheat,
2 ; Pease, 31 ; Beans, S ; Rapeseed, 11.
Number of lasts exported during the week :—Wheat,
1504 ; Rye, 33 ; Barley, 23 ; Oats, 16 ; Malt, 3 ; Buck-
wheat, 2 ; Pease, 1 ; Tares, 1 ; Rapeseed, 18.
From the 17th to the 24th of April, inclusive, 68 car-
goes of corn passed through the Sound ; of these, 40 were
hound for British, six for Dutch, three for French, and
16 for Swedish and Norwegian ports; one was bound for
Hamburg, and of two the destination was unknown.
Weight. Rix dollars.
Dantzic Wheat 1'24 to 126 to

Pomeranian 124 to 128 112 to 118

Anhalt, white llB to 124 120 to 126
- red 122 to 129 120 to 129

Danish

120 to 129 BO to 86

Dantzic Rye llB to 122 GO to G 6
Upland 116 to 123 GO to 66
Danish 116 to 120 53 to 55

Itlagdeburgh Barley 9B to 101 5O to 58
Anhalt 9B to 104 56 to 58
Danish 94 to 102 4O to 4t

Meeklenburgh Oats 66 to 74 4O to 42
Danish 66 to 75 26 to 30
Pomeranian Malt to
Pease, yellow, Upland
Holstein Rapeseed to 160 to 168

To-day's liquidation passed off quietly. Funds, which
opened firm, became dull as the morning advanced.
Austrian securities were freely offered, and their conse-
quent decline operated unfavourably upon others, with the
exception of the Anglo-Russian, which remained in favour.
Anglo-Spanish Bonds were done yesterday at 22 per
cent., coupons included; but neither in these nor in Greek
Bonds was anything to be done to-day.—Disc. 4 per cenr.
End of ApriL
Anglo-Danish Loan 3 per Cent 74
Anglo-Russian Loan 109,4
Hamburg-Russian Loan 104%
Polish Bonds 132
Austrian Bank Shares 1377
Austrian Iletalliquso lO2
New Austrian 4 per Cents
Anglo Neapolitan
Falconets 9"i
Portuguese
Exchange upon London, at two months l3 12%
-- at sight
Amsterdam, at two months, 35 53-100
Paris
Petersburgh, at two months. 9 17-32ds.

The Fourth Report of the evidence taken be•
fore the East India Committee contains a col-
lection of very valuable calculations made by
Mr. CRAWFURD relative to the tea trade. The
substance of these calculations (which, being
twenty-two in number, we can only briefly de-
scribe) is, that the prime cost of the Company's
teas at Canton exceeds that of the Ameri-
cans by 373,086/. ;—that out of the
25,746,339 lbs. of tea exported by the Com-
pany in the season 1821-22, 4,544,4251b5. were
green tea, being only 17 per cent., whilst of the
9,292,400 lbs. exported by the Americans, the
green tea constituted 65 per cent,or 6,078,2651b5.;
—that the prices of teas without duty in 1829 va-
ried at rates of which two kinds are sufficient to
give a notion, viz.—Bohea was in London 13.8 d.,
in Halifax, N. S., ls. Bd., in New York 9d.,
and in Amsterdam 9d. per lb., and Hyson was
in London 4s. 3d., in Halifax 4s. 7d., in New
York 2s. 7d., and in Amsterdam 2s. 10d. per
lb. ;—that the American export tea trade greatly
exceds that of the Company, so much so as to
have surpassed it in 1828 by 2,068,353 lbs.,
and to have placed the American exports, com-
pared to the imports, as one to 33-10, while
those of Great Britain were as one to 122 ;—that
for five years, of which 1822 is a fair average, the
Company's sale price of Congou was 2s. 5d.,
and its bond price 3s. lb. per lb., being an advance
of 26 per cent., and the sale price of Hyson was
4s. 3d., and the bond price 4s. 11d. per lb.,
being an advance of 15 per cent. ;—that whereas,
of articles of Indian produce, during the last 15
years the sale price of saltpetre has fallen 73 per
cent., of cotton 68 per cent., of pepper 80 per
cent., and of sugar 40 per cent. ; that of tea has,
during the same period, fallen only 30 per cent.;
—that on a comparative statement of the quan-
tities of tea exported to all countries from Great
Britain and from the United States, there is an
excess with the United States of 1,371,334 lbs.;
and that the re-exportations of tea from the
United Kingdom for the six years ending
with 1828, were only 2,369,703 out of
192,339,840 lbs., being per cent. instead of
50, 60, or 70 per cent., the usual proportion of
other articles of Chinese and Indian produce.
Mr. CRAWFURD has also furnished accounts
illustrative of the degree in which the price of
tea is affected by the King's duty, and has
shewn that the duty on Congou amounts, in the
United States, to 153, in France to 85, and in
the Netherlands to 15 per cent. ad valorem;

and on Hyson, in the United States, to 84, in -1
France to 22, and in the Netherlands to six pe
cent. ad valorem. That on an average of the
six years ending with 1828, compared with the
five years preceding, the consumption of coffee
increased in Great Britain 60 per cent., i4l
the United States 56 per cent., and in
France 16 per cent., the rate of duty ad
valorem (taking Java coffee as an example,)
being for the three countries respectively, 165,
47, and 84 per cent. ;—that the consumption of
tea by each individual of the population is in
Great Britain 11b.. 7oz. Bdwts., and in the
United States 9oz. 4dwts., and of coffee, in
Britain 10oz. 14dwts., in France 9oz. 13dwts.,
and in the United States 21bs. loz. 1 ldwts. ;
that the King's duty on coffee is now higher than,
that of tea by 21 per cent. ;—that the average
price of all teas in New York from 1820 to 1829
was 25., and the duty ls. sd. per lb., being 79
per cent. ad valorem ;—that for the ten years
ending with 1829, the average of the excess of
the Company's sale price of tea over that of the
Americans was 1,711,9291, per annum ;—that
for the year 1828-9, the excess of the Company's
sale price over that of a similar quantity sold et
Amsterdam was 1,285,3361. ;—that on a com-
parison of the consumption and revenue of tea
in Great Britain and the United States for the
11 years ending with 1828, the consumption
for the second period of four years increased in
America 30, and in Britain 6 per cent., and the
revenue for the same in the one 32, and in the
other 16 per cent., and for the last three years of
the period the American and British consump•
tion increased respectively 6 per cent., the revenue
in the one increasing 14, and in the other, decrees.
ing 4 per cent. ;—that a debtor and creditor
account of the Company's investments for tel
for four years exhibits a balance in its favour of
2,641,2291. being an annual profit of 660,3071.,
deducting which from `777,5501. per annum due
on the bond debt, and for dividends on stock►
there appears an annual deficiency 0f117,2431.
that the sale price of the privilege teas exceeds cow
siderably those of the Company, and in one instance
so much as 28 per cent. ;—that under a system of
free trade, specific duties might be levied, which,
without raising the price to the consumer, would
augment the revenue 1,170,011/. per annum
that whereas the amount of duties received 011
cloves, coffee, and sugar, from the East Indies
for six years, increased respectively 9, 35, and
70 per cent., those on tea declined 7 per cent.
and, lastly, that the King's duty on tea is much
lower than that on coffee, which varies from 71
to 378 per cent., taken ad valorem, than that
on cocoa, which is from 86 to 583 per cent.;
on sugar, being from 60 to 233 per cent. ; on
foreign spirits, being from 192 to 794 per cent. ;
and on tobacco, which is so high as sometimes
to reach 2,057 per cent.

These facts are worthy of all observation, and
are, in fact, of themselves sufficient to set at rest the
misrepresentations concerning the China trade,
which have been so industriously propagated.
But in addition to them, we have to thank Mr.
CRAWSURD for another admirable pamphlet,
entitled, .‘ The Chinese Monopoly Examined,"
which is a complete answer to the various pub'
lications with which the press has of late teemed-
in favour of the monopoly, and, in particular, to
an article in the 83d number of the Quar-
terly Review, "On the Trade and Inter-
course with China," which we noticed some
time since as richly deserving castigation.
Mr. CRAWFURD has utterly demolished that
unfortunate attempt to bolster up a system
which no man of common sense, who is free
from prejudice, can deny to be injurious to the
people of this country, and has exposed the ab-
surdity of the arguments advanced to prove that
it is good for the inhabitants of Britain to pay
some two millions sterling per annum as a tax
for the maintenance of a monopoly, which at the
same time shuts out their manufactures and their
shipping from a valuable market, in defiance of
all decency and justice. Mr. CRAWFURD'S
Pamphlet must be read attentively before its
value can be appreciated ; as a specimen of its
tenor we subjoin extracts :

" The Company seems now disposed to surrender every
thing but the monopoly of tea in the English market,
although, down to the year 1821, and, notwithatanding
the recommendation of the President of the Board of
Controul, and of a Committee of each House of Parlia-
ment, they obstinately refused to make the slightest con-
cession to the free traders;—not even to admit them to
occupy that ground which they themselves confessedly had
neither occupied, nor desired to occupy, nor were capable
of occupying—the supplying of the continent of Europe,
and of our own colonies, with tea. Let us see, then, the
value of what is now proposed to be conceded. In 1820►
when the boon was asked by the free trader, of permission
to convey teas to the continent of Europe, the markets of
France avid the Netherlands were open to us: they are
now obstructed by an enhanced duty upon teas imported
in foreign bottoms, of four times the amount of what is
imposed on the same commodity imported in national ves-
sels. The ports of the United States are shut against us,
under similar circumstances : and although the protecting
duty be smaller, still more closely, by the distinguished
enterprise and activity of its own merchants; Russia pro-
hibits the importation of all teas seaways; Denmark has
a monopoly company of its own. Canada then alone re'
mains to us, with a share of the supply of Germany,
Switzerland, and Italy in competition with French, Dutch,
and Americans. It is not necessary to urge upon any
reader of common observation, that the Chinese will only
take British manufactures in proportion as we take the
products of China in return ; and I shall now show, that
through the injurious operation of the monopoly, we con-
sume of their staple produce, less than one-half of what
we should in an open commerce, and this without suppos-
ing any additional outlay of capital. In 1828 the exports
to China amounted only to 863,494/ , while the imports
amounted to 4,296,668/. In every wholesome and
natural branch of trade they ought of course to be nearly
equal ; but here the one exceeds the other by 3,433,2441.,
a difference which, fur the most part, is tax and not trade.
Among the imports, tea alone, in quantity 22,678,731 lbs.
constituted 3,853,367/. of the whole value. This sum
remitted to China in British merchandise, or their value,
would, without reckoning charges or profits, purchase,
even at the Company's extravagant invoice prices, instead
of the amount now given, no less than 61,440,909 lbs. It
may be said that such an amount would greatly exceed
the possible consumption of the country; but in as open,
unencumbered trade, such I am conti.ient, would not be
found to be the case; and, indeed, if we divide the whole
amount thus given, by the present estimated p(pulation of
the United Kingdom, we shall soon discover, even its
moderation. It gives for each individual scarcely 2 lbs.
10oz. a bead per annum, or less than two drams per
diem, which is but one thirty-second part of the common
allowance, now made in families to domestic servant., and
far less, even than the allowance made to the sick in hos-
pitals and poor houses."
" Men accustomed to a moderate exercise of the reason
ing faculty will he disposed at once to pronounce upon the
utter improbability of any commodity whatsoever being
supplied cheaper and better through a monopoly than
through the activity and intelligence of privati dompeti-

tion.
"PPIY
there is

Lining ii
and exec
in qualit

open, at
at presen
French t
Cornpan,
possessio
llty such
hardly g
Or %over(
rnonopol
JO, does
Pany ha,
country
expresso
losing i
quality
Proved,
out so h
altogethi
auperiori
tastes, h
tereti

he
tly
th
at:lllba:oanitieta,ll
Which tl
rear 18;
teas wee
Pally .2;
'valet th
pany's o
proved.
to comb
pelted t
hateable
Who hal
1817, t
of aupei
ran test
generall

Ili Th
the mor

84, in
ix pe
A' the
h the

coffee

in
ty ad
nple,)

165,
on of

is in
1 the

be, in

dwts.,

s. ;---
r than,

rerage
1829
lg 79
years
!ss of

S the
—that

)any
old at
corn-

)f. test
1r the

iption
ed in
id the
n the

ars of
;ump•

venue

crass•

editor

or te*

)tir of
;071.,
a due

stock►
V. ;
S COW

stance
em of

rhicb,

would

m ;,•••

ed 011

[ndieg
, and

it. ;--
much
m 71

1 that

cent.;