The Sun.
London, England, 1863-09-18 00:00:00

T}IJ SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, • SEPTEIVIIIER IS, 1863.

TICE WESTERN STATES.

(Fro In the Special Correspondent of the Times.)
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, Sept. 2.

It does not takt many days' residence at Chicago
to make a travelle r awmra that he has reached the
very bee xt of Arc terican life. The valley of the
Mississippi is a great bread basket, and so long as
man lives by bread it will have a great ascendancy
ove c the destinies, not merely of this continent, but
of the world at la rge. The Americans are very fond
of pointing to their " glorious institutions," or else
to their stirring, t'w:ifty, mettlesome race, for the
rapid growth of tlic,ir communit4,es, and the rise of
their colossal pow?tr. The fact, is, however, that
there are here material travantages sufficient to
account for an y phenomenon of great and sudden
social increase. The we-ilth and prosperity are of
nature's own slaking, r,nd the Anglo-Saxon tribe
has achieved no greater prodigies than such
as, under the, same circumstances, would be exhi-
bited by any -other human family.
In the ea•t'Ay part of the present century this cen-
tral region ,of the American continent was hardly
explored, yet the rich soil of the western divisions
of the A',Aantic States, and the as yet unsettled ter-
ritories of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee held out
the st':ongest inducement to immigrant enterprise,
and 'zhe West—the far West—was looked upon as the
eoranionrefuge, no less than the common storehouse,
of mankind. Those territories became States, new ,
ones were added, the great west receded further and
farther still, till the whole of the great valley was,
ki not actually colonised, at least meted out
and apportioned into various lots, to which the
world was freely invited to help itself. Ohio,
Tennessee, and Kentucky are now old settle-
ments—indeed, the inhabitants of the latter
State are never so happy as when they can
designate their country as " Old Kentuck."
Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, have sprung up within
a score of years, and count their people by millions.
The new fl' dglings are now lowa, Wisconsin, Mis
nessota ; then will come thi3 turn of Kansas, Ne-
braska, Dacotah ; not to push our observations
beyond our limits, and to say nothing of the regions
lying to the west of the Rocay Mountains.
The valley of the Mississippi, with all its tribu-
taries, makes up an area of 1,210,000 square miles.

All of it is not Eden, certainly, but there is no
doubt as to the health and wealth, the vastness and
inexhaustibleness of these north western districts.
"The soil on the river bottoms of Illinois is often
25 or 30 feet deep, and the upper prairie districts
are hardly less productive. Forty bushels of wheat
or 100 bushels of Indian corn to the acre is a com-
mon product here." In West Virginia, Kentucky,
Ohio, or. Tennessee the colonist was at least at the
trouble to clear the ground, and wage war to the
al-encumbering fores:s ; but in these more western
districts man's work has been most carefully and
providentially done by nature. " These prairies,"
says a. writer whose words I would not quote if I
could substitute anything more graphic and im-
preFisive:—
" These boundless prairies seem as if they had been cleared
by the patient labour of another race of men, rrmoving
all
the forests, and stumps, and brambles, and smoothing them
down as it with mighty rollers, and so wing them with grass
and flowers ; a race which then passed away, having built
Ito houses of their own, and made no fences, and set out no
trees, and established no landmarks, to lay the foundation of
any future claim. You ascend the Mississippi amid scenery
unsurpassed in beauty probably in the world. You see
the waters making their way along an interval of from
two to four miles in width, between bluffs of from 100
to 500 feet in height. Now the river makes its way
along the eastern range of bluffs, and now the western
and now in the centre, and now it divides itself into nume-
rous channels, forming thousands of beautiful islands'
covered with long grass ready for the tithe of the mower.
Those bluffs, rounded with taste and skill, such as could be
imitated by no art of man, and set out with trees here and
there gracefully arranged like orchards, seem to have been
sown with grain to the summit, and are clothed with beau-
tiful green. You look out instinctively for the house and
barn, for flocks and herds, for men and women and chil-
dren, but they are not there. A race that is gone seems to
have cultivated those fields, and then to have silently dis-
appeared, leaving them for the first man that should come
from the older parts of our own country, or from foreign
lands, to take possession of them. It is only by a process
a reflection that you a:s convinced that it is not so. But
it is not the work of man. It is God who has done it,
when there was no man there save the wandering savage,
alike ignorant and unconcerned as to the design of the great
processes in the land where he roamed. God who did all
this, that he might prepare it for the abode of a civilised
and Christian peoplf.t."
It is not merely as a pretty picture that I have
laid the above striking extract before the reader.
It is because it bears me out in my conviction that
American progress is mainly owing to material
causes. The growth of Illinois, from 12,288 inhabi-
tants in 1810 to 1,711,951 in 1860, showing an in•
crease of 101.03 per "100, exceeds all previous re-
sults obtained in other States, chiefly, if not alto-
gether, owing to the fact that the tide of immigra-
tion, after struggling for years against the difficul-
tiks of mere forest regions, was able to expand un-
trammelled over the open prairies. These advan-
tages of Illinois ate equally extended to lowa,
Wisconsin, and to the vaster zones of the Mine-
state, Nebraska, and Dacotah territories. Talk about
the activity of the American branch of the Anglo-
Saxon race! why, the invading tide comes in just
now as strong from Germany and Scandinavia as
from the States themselves. It is Providence has
laid out these magnificent regions for the whole of
mankind, and it is very questionable whether De-
mocratic or any other institutions ever did or ever
will rather help than retard the spontaneous work
of colonisation.

However it may be, the bread basket is half-full,
the Mississippi valley is settled as far at least as the
current of the main river itself, and the produce of
this western region is so portentously great es not
only to constitute the main wealth of the American
Union, but to render the prosperity of all the other
States, the whole social and political movement of
a great measure subservient
the commonwealth, in
to its interests and exigencies.
The Atlantic States are to the Great West merely
in the light of fetchers and carriers. Those who
have in their hands the bread basket are entitled to
the choice of the means by which its contents shall
spread through the world. I have had occasion to
say beore this that the main natural outlets for the
agricultural wealth of the West are three—the
Mississippi river at the south, the great lakes, and
the st. Lawrence in the north, and the railway and
canal lines through New York State down to the
Hudson river
in the east.
Chicago can hardly be said to lie in the Mississippi
valley.
Its watershed slopes down to the lake
region, but it has a point of contact with the
southern 'waters b
Illinois canal, a by the means of the Michigan and
length, which from work about 90 miles in
this city to La Salle or Perul
establishes a communication between Lake Michigan '
and the Illinois river, and through this latter with
the great Mississippi stream. The great object of
the Chicago people is new to convert it into a great
ship canal. All round the city from which I am now
writing no less than 17 railway lines spread out as
far as St. Joseph, Des Moines and Council Bluffs,
Galena, Dubuque, Cedar Falls, and Fort Dodge,
Prairie-du-Chien, Milwankie, La Crosse, and St.
Paul, into Kansas, lowa, Nebraska, Wi •
sconsin, and
Minesota, into the whole north-western district.
Chicago is the great centre of western commerce,
and when its treasures are accumulated in its ware
houses and wharfs, the great question arises how
they can be best disposed of. One of the great chat.
nels of export lies along the line of the lakes Michi-
gan and Huron, St. Clair river and lake, and hence
through the pass of Detroit into Lake Erie, out of
which the British canal Welland opens into Lake
Ontario, and from this again through the canal and
river of St. Lawrence, finds an outlet into the At-
lantic to Europe. Another line of water communica-
tion, going equally through the lakes of Michigan,
and St. Clair into Lake Erie, proceeds through
the Erie Canal from Buffalo to Albany, and hence
down the beautiful Hudson river to New York.
There can be doubt auto which of these two routes is
better suited to the western trade. The industry and
magnificence of the British Government have made
the Canada line 60 convenient that vessels of 400 to
550 tons have already
sailed all the way from Chi-
cJgo to Liverpool, and vice versa. But the jealousy
the New York merchants, on whose
and cupidity of
good pleasure these Western producers are, owing to
their poverty, to a great extent dependent, have had
the tendency to give their narrow and crooked lines

the advantage, and the whole system of New York
and Pennsylvania railway and canal companies have
of late been greatly enriched at the expense of the
true interests no less of the West than 0, the com-
merce of the whole world. It is computed that
while„t he freight of a bushel of corn from Chicago to
Liverpool by the Canada line only comes to 49c.,
the freight of the same merchandise from Chicago to
Liverpool by the New York line costs no less than
54c. The length of the voyage by the first line and
by sailing vessels is only 20 to 22 days ; by the
other route it is 36 to 40 days.
It is found, moreover, that both the St. Lawrence
and the Hudson River lines are sadly inadequate to
the wants of the Western trade; and I have heard
Western men, both at Cincinnati and here, com-
plain that the interruption of the Mississippi trade
consequent upon the civil war had occasioned an
obstruction in their exports that all the activity of
the Northern and Western lines could not remove.
I have been told that whole mountains of Western
corn and meat were kept waiting for weeks and
months at the wharves of the canals and at the rail-
way stations at Erie and Buffalo, waiting for an out-
let through the overtasked means of communication
on the New York lines. There is no end, also, to
the complaint of these Westerners as to the extor-
tion, ill-faith, and downright knavery of those New
York companies; and I know of one instance of a
merchant whose corn, which was valued at 75c. per
bushel at Chicago, was sold at 74c. per bushel at
New York—a phenomenon for which he was at a
loss to account, until he found out by inquiry that
the rogues at the Buffalo elevators had substituted
their own third-rate stuff instead of the prime article
which he had intrusted to their conveyance.
The imperfect, insufficient, and " over-sharp"
means of communication which were opened in
New York for the exportation of Western pro-
duce, made these Westerners not a little fretful at
the war which closed their natural outlet of
the Mississippi against them ; the civile ve
se war
reet
was beginning to put their patience to the
test; and had the fall of Vicksburg and Port
Hudson been put off for five or six months
longer it is difficult to say to what desperate reso-
lution the closing of the Mississippi might not have
driven the great West, notwithstanding the large
demands for provisions occasioned by the wasteful
war and the very brisk market opened for Western
corn and meat for home consumption. Vicksburg
and Port Hodson are fallen, and steamers are now
plying with toler- ble safety along the Mississippi.
But these people enjoyed a market no less than a
way of transit for their goods in the South, and the
condition of the Southern States is still such as to
give little hope for the speedy restoration of busi-
ness in those quarters. I have a private letter from
New Orleans before me, the tone of which is any thing
but cheering for Western interests, and as it comes
from Republican sources, it is less liable to the im-
putation of unfair spirit or wilful exaggeration.
•i After a voyage of discovery," it says,—
"We find all business, except Government business,
very dull. There are no strangers at the hotels, as there
used to be; there is no produce on the levee or in store ;
there is no money, and trade cannot be resumed to any
great extent for a long time. There are none left to buy.
The place now is scarce larger than Chicago. Many of the
wealthy are gone; the poor have been compelled 'to seek
bread elsewhere. There is no labour to be done, no com-
merce to employ. None of the resources of the past are
fruitful now. The system of labour heretofore used on the
plantation has been swept away and none other substituted
in its place. The rebels have taken most of the ablebodied
negro men, and we the rest ; and only women are now left
to do the labour. It will take years to regulate these
matters and recover our prosperity. All things are done,
seemingly, that can be done, to make it onerous to the citi-
zen, unpleasant to the visitor, and unprofitable to the specu-
lator—particularly is this true of all people and things that
come down the river. There has been a settled policy
against the West, though we win all the battles that are
won, supply immense material of war in men and food ;
have been robbed by our friends : still we suffer impositions
that no other people would bear. . . . There is no dis-
tinction made between the loyal and disloyal who arrive
here by river. One party had to take the oath of allegi-
ance before they could land even."
And again, further,—

" Of business there is none, except a very small retail
trade. No cotton on Ihe levee, no sugar or molasses, all as
clean as a parade ground. But few ships, no steamers, only
one or two men-of-war. What a change! This movement
was to enrich the South, and place her the brightest, richest
gem in the crown of nations. This is a city petrified, a
monument of fallen pride. The country around is much
of it an unfenced desert. Only a few wholesale houses are
open, and these by citizens of another State. You pass
down street after street with not a store open, nor even " to
let." The people can buy nothing, for they have no money.
It this river were opened there would not be much business,
from the fact that there is nothing to exchange for produce.
Foreign vessels do not come now to deal. They go to New
York for the things that they formerly formerly found
here. The trade with Cuba and the West Indies, with
South America and the Pacific Isles, used to be heavy. One
might see at Honololu the products of our section, shipped
from New Orleans. On the quay of Valparaiso one could
see canvassed moat from Chicago and Cincinnati, via New
Orleans. All these things have changed. Illinois and the
contiguous States are deeuly interested in this matter, and
should give some counsel and aid in bettering the condition
of things."

I do not know how all this will strike you, but to
me it seems rather significant. The rulers at Wash-
ington seem determined to turn the South into a
wilderness, and they do not or will not see, that by
panishing the guilty South. they no less strike the
innocent West. There is no very loud complaint in
this latter quarter at the present moment, for the
war absorbs all its produce, and the army is its best
of markets. But the war must come to an end, and
who is to make up to the West for the loss of its
trade with the Southern States? The extermination
of those slave communities may suit the trading
cupidity, no less than the zealous humanitarianism
of New York or Philadelphia, but the West is the
arbiter of American destinies, and it will hardly
suit her to submit to Eastern monopoly, and to be
deprived of the best means of disposing; of her com•
modifies. At a moment in which the natural tide
at immigration and the titling of new lands promise
to give a new impulse to Western produce, it is
hard to think that one of the most active channels
for its exportation, one of the most opportune mar-
kets for its consumption, has ceased to be. These
wilt be serious considerations for the West as soon
as the excitement for the war end the cry of the
" Union at any price" have time to subside. The
subjugation of the South may be a desideratum, but
its desolation and extinction is a calamity which
may have consequences upon districts in which
slavery and rebellion were never heard of.
A strange feeling it is, taken altogether, which
animates these Western people against the trading
population of the Atlantic States. Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois, and all the North-West, were mainly colo-
nized by New Englanders. The Yankees here are
still very numerous, and even more powerful.
Banking-houses, insurance companies, railways,
canals, every useful enterprise, is almost exclusively
in their hands. They have the law, the magistra-
ture under their control ; they are the politicians,
the schoolmasters, the mind and heart, the salt of
the community. Their connexions with their
Eastern homes are knit with the strongest ties.
The capital in circulation in the West is mainly
Eastern capital, and the great commercial potentates
here are merely the agents and representatives of
great New York and Boston houses. Yet the IN est
is not the East ; not like the East, it likes not the
East. The people here are apt to complain of that
Eastern sharpness which overt caches them in every
bargain. Teey fret at the compulsion they labour
under, to buy Eastern manuta3tures at Eastern
prices—viz., on such terms as the East imposes.
They declare that the cost of every article at Cnicago
is double what it would be at New York. Even the
Yankee community in the West is dissatisfied with
Yankee smartness ; but there is in the West another
community different from the Yankee community,
and this consists of those millions of Irish, German,
and other immigrants who constitute the great bulk
of the Western population. The men of the upper
classes here, the rulers of the people, are New Eng-
landers ; but the people at large are that mixture of
_,,11 races which is crowding this continent with a
new nation, a new nation in which the Anglo-Saxon il
blood hes ceased to be the chief ingredient. With
reit; hard-working, stirring, aspiring mass even its
Yankee leaders are fain to sympathise.
The New
Eoghinder is shrewd and accommodating. In the
South the settler from the North east always
proved to be the most ruthless, uncompromising
siaveowner. In the West the Yankee must learn to
westernse, to adopt the views) to uphold the inte-

rests, of the people among whom his lot is cast.
The time was, perhaps, not far distant when the
West, by accumulating a capital of its own, would
have shaken off the trammels of the Eastern specu-
lators, and pursued a social and commercial policy
of its own. The great civil war has put 3
momentary stop to this movement by making a
loud appeal to the patriotism of Union, and rousing
its passions against the Squthern rebellion. Al-
ready, however, the West thinks it has given
sufficient proofs of its unbounded devotion. It
thinks that the war has lasted long enough, and the
victory been carried already beyond those limits
which by causing it to weigh heavily on the South
make it tell with no less fatal effects against the
West. There are not many who speak in this strain
among the educated people—nay, the talk is all the
other way. I hear nothing but stubborn determi-
nation to crush, to lay waste, to annihilate the
South. The West, however, must sooner or later
perceive that cutting off one's nose to spite one's
face is an improvident course. Up to this time
there is a perfect war drunkenness in the West no
less than in the East. Bat the moment of sober-
ness is no less sure to come. The Democrats are
biding their own turn. We have rather disquieting
news concerning the weather and the crops in these
Western districts. A very sharp frost spread over
all the State of Illinois and the adjoining North-
Western districts on the 29th last. According to
the particulars that come in from all quarters, it
seems that the damage occasioned to the corn, the
vines, the gardens and orchards, has been both very
extensive and serious.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.

DONCASTER RACES-THURSDAY.

The features of "off" days at great meetings, be they
Epsom, Goodwood, or Doncaster, are very similar. A com-
parative quiet and repose pervade the locale. The excite..
ment of the day before begets the reaction of to-day, and
we enjoy a calmer spirit, and (losses taken into considera-
tion) a more philosophical frame of mind.

The moor to-day presented a marked contrast, in the very
small attendance of the masses, to the vast crowds that
thronged it yesterday. The weather continued fine, and the
disagreeable dust which the day before made seeing clearly
a difficulty was now absent.

The Zetland Stakes were an easy victory for Onesander,
who had the best of th race all the way; and the 10 Boys.
Sweepstakes proved a discomfiture for the winner of the
Champagne, as Coast Guard won by four lengths, and Ely
was not placed. The Portland Handicap brought the large
field of 30 together, a hazardous number for so short a dis-
tance to select a winner from. The Ring made Poland,
however, the favourite, but the top weight gave the fielders
an agreeable surprise, Welland winning, after an excellent
race, in the last stride by a neck. Usher, in the Juvenile,
rewarded the backers by landing them safely, and was
bought in by his noble owner for 260 guineas.
Only Carnival and Vanessa put in an apparanco for the
Eglinton Stakes, which Mr. Naylor's colt carried off cleverly.
A splendid race between Johnny Armstrong and Poly
nesia, tor the Cleveland Handicap, was a bonne bouche re-
served for the finale of the day's sport, Newmarket walking
over for the Scarborough Stakes. _ _ _

The Zetland Stakes of 50 soya each, for 3 yr-olds ; colts;
Bst lib; fillies, Bst 31b. Winners extra. One mile and

a half. 8 subs.
Lord Stamford's Onesander, Bst 71b (A. Edwards) 1
Mr. Bowes's Sauterelle, Bst 31b . (Fordham) 2
Count F. de Lagrange's Jarnicoton, Bst 71b.. (Watkins) 3
Betting—Even on Onesander, 5 to 2 agsz, Jarnicoton,
and 4 to 1 agst Sauterelle.
Jarnicoton made play to the foot of the hill, where he
was headed by the favourite, who came on with a clear lead
to the Stand, where Sauterelle obtained the second place,
but without having a chance of reaching Lord Stamford's
colt, who won easily by three parts of a length, two lengths
separating the second and third.
A Sweepstakes of 10 sous each, with 100 added, for 2-yr-
olds ; colts, Bst 101 b ; fillies, Bst 71b. The owner of the
second horse to receive 20 soya out of the stakes. T.Y.C.

31 subs.
Mr.:Hudson's Coast Guard, 9st llb (inc. 51b extra)
(Cnalloner) 1
Mr. J. Osborna's Prince Arthur, 9st llb (inc. 51b extra)
(J. Osborne) 2
Count F. Lag,range's Filla de I'Air, 9st (inc. 71b extra)
(A. Watkins) 3
Black Fawn, Ely, and Dr. Rooke also ran.

Betting-5 to 2 agst Ely, 3to 1 agst Fine de I'Air, 3to
1 agst Prince Arthur, and 5 to 1 agst Coast Guard.
Prince Arthur made play on the inside, closely attended
by Ely, Fille de l'Air, and Black Fawn, Coast Guard fol-
lowing next. They ran in these positions to the bend,
where the latter, who was repeatedly disappointed in get-
ting through, joined the leader, tho pair running together
to the distance, where Challoner brought his horse to the
front and won in a canter by four lengths, a like distance
separating the second and third , a bad fourth. Dr. Rooke
trotted in last, but did not pass the post.

Match for 300 sovs. h it, Bst 91b each; both 2-yr-olds,

Red house in.

Lord Glasgow's Miss Whip filly (Aldcroft) 1
Sir J. Hawley's Mrs. Quickly filly (Wells) 2
Betting-5 to 4on the Mrs. Quickly filly, who made
play at a wretched pace to the enclosure, where the non-
favourite reached her, and in a few strides from home
headed her and won easily by a neck.
The Portland Plate of 200 sous in specie, added to a Handi-
cap Stakes of 5 soya each, for all ages. Winners extra.
The owner of the second horse to receive 25 soya out of

the stakes. Red House in.
Mr. G. Bryan's Welland, 4 yrs, 9st 41b ....(Fordham) 1
Lord Straththore's Bohemia, 3 yrs, Est 111 b (Jebb) 2
Mr. R Ten Broeck's Peignoir, 4 yrs, 7st
Mr. H. Goater's Creole, 3 yrs, Est 131 b (inclu. 41b extra)
(Mordan) 4
The following also ran :—Queen of Trumps, Fravola,
Gemma, Black Lily, Biondella, Jackal, Leontes, Lady
Abbess, Miss Armstrong, Grisette, Queen Elizabeth,
Amazonian, Airedale, Liston, Poland, Calliope colt, Fiancee,
Stampede, Marmion, Cesar de Lion, Michael Seott, Syren,
Lyra, Rosebud, Eas Bouquet, and Wild Thyme.
Betting— 100 to 30 agst Poland ; 8 to 1 agst Gemma;
100 to 8 each apt Queen of Trumps, Lady Abbess, and
Miss Armstrong; 100 to 6 each agst Bohemia and Wel-
land; 20 to 1 agst Fravola; 25 to 1 each agst Biondella,
Jackal, Peignoir, and Queen Elizabeth ; 100 to 3 each agst
Fiancée, Syren, and Rosebud, and 100 to 10 agst Michael
Scott.

More than half an hour was consumed at the post through
the repeated refusals of Black Lily and Queen of Trumps
to face their horses. At last the signal flag was lowered
to an admirable start, the lot leaving the post nearly in a
line. Queen of Trumps, in company with Lady Abbess and
Leontes, showed in advance for the first hundred yards,
when Biondella took up the running, with Leontes in at-
tendance, the pair having a decided lead to the bend, where
they were joined by Peignoir in the centre,whose immediate
followers were Jackal, Bohemia, Creole, Welland, Grisede.
and Gemma, the latter having been sadly knocked about in
her attempt to get through. They ran thus io the Stand en-
closure, when Fordham brought up Mr. Bryan's colt and
joined issue with Peignoir, the pair being joined by Bohemia
and Creole, the quartet finishing a fine race home, Welland
winning in the last stride by a neck, a head only separating
the second and third, and a length between the third and
fourth ; Wild Thyme, Liston, Jackal, and Queen Eliza-
beth finishing next, nearly abreast. To these succeeded the
Calliope colt, Marmion, and Poland, the last lot being Queen
of Trumps, Lady Abbess, and Fravola, the positive last
being Coeur de Lion.
The Juvenile Selling Stakes of 5 sous each, with 50 added,
for 2-yr-old colts 9st, fillies and geldings Bst 101 b; with
selling allowances. Half a mile. 9 subs.
Lord Westmoreland's Usher, Bst (SAO) (Challoner) 1
Mr. Jackson's Prescription, 7st 101 b ( 4O) .. (Doyle) 2
Count Lagrange's Daniel, Bst (Lit)) (Watkins) 3

Brother Jonathan, Contractor, Salvioni, and Saunterer
colt also ran.
Betting-0 to 5 agst usher, 6to 1 anon agst Daniel Wad
the Saunterer colt.

Daniel and Brother to Jonathan took a slight lead, Mr.
Ten Broeck's gelding and the Saunterer colt lying next.
At the turn Usher came up to his horses and took the lead
at the distance, followed by Prescription, who, however,
failed to reach him, and Lord Westmoreland's colt won
easily by a length and a half, a neck separating the second
and third. The Saunterer colt was fourth, and Contractor
last. The winner was bought in for 260 guineas.
The Eglinton Stakes of 10 sous each, 5 ft, with 100 added,
for 2-yr-olds to carry 7st, and 3-yr-olds 9st. fillies and
geldings allowed 31b ; winners extra, with maiden allow-
ances. The owner of the second horse to receive 25 soya
out of the stakes. T.Y.C. 29 subs.
Mr. R. C. Naylor's Carnival, 3 yrs, 9st .... (Challoner) 1
Mr. H. F. Beaumont's Vanessa, 2 yrs, 6st 11Ib (Carroll) 2
Betting-100 to 6on Carnival, who waited upon Vanessa
to half way in the distance, when he went up and won easily
by two lengths.

The Cleveland Handicap of 20 soya each, 10 ft, and 5 only
if declared, with 100 added. The owner of the second
horse to save his stake. One mile. 58 subs, 37 of whom
declared, &c.
Mr. Gordon's Johnny Armstrong, 4 yrs, Bat 131 b _

(Doyle) 1
Lord Chesterfield's Polynesia, 4 yrs, Tat 71b
(H. Grimahaw) 2
Mr. C. Snewing's Barter, 3 yrs, Est 121 b (inc 4lb es)
(J. Grimshaw) 3
The following also ran :—Bertha, Entremet, Hubert,
Actaeon, and The Serf. •
Betting-2 to 1 agst Johnny Armstrong. 3to 1 agst The
Serf, 4 to 1 agst Polynesia, and o to 1 agst Barter.
Barter, with her usual impetuosity, jumped away in front
and came on with a decided lead, followed by Entremet,
Hubert, and the MiddlPh m horse to the Red House, when
Hubert gave way and Polynesia joined the favourite, the
pair finishing a close race home ; Johnny Armstrong, run-
ning the longest, winning by a neck, a bad third. The Serf
was fourth, and Entremet fifth.
The Scarborough Stakes of 20 soya each, 10ft, for 3-yr• old

colts Bst 1M1;-, and fillies Bst 61b, maiden horses allowance

51b. One mile. 7 subs.
Mr, Watt's Newmarket, Bst 101 b,„ , (3, Snowdon) w,o,

COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL,

A Court of Common Council was held yesterday in the
Council Chamber, Guildhall. Sir J. Musgrove presided as
locum tenens for the Lord Mayor, and there was a full at-
tendance of members of the court, this being the first held
since the vacation.

The TOWN-CLERK. read communications that he had re-
ceived from the secretaries to the Whitechapel Refuge for
Homeless Boys, and the City of London Truss Society,
thankiag grants of £5O to the for-
mer,and ithmeocotorptohreatliaotnterfourstehueirsociety.
The communications were ordered to be entered upon the
journals of the court.

CRUELTY TO ANIMALS IN THE METROPOLITAN CATTLE-

MARKET.

Mr. NORRIS, M.P., said that as a good deal of interest
had been created in the mind of the public by the reports
that had appeared in the newspapers of proceedings at dif•
ferent police-courts, in which drovers had been convicted of
the most brutal ill treatment of cattle entrusted to their
charge at the new cattle-market, he wished to put a ques-
tion to the chairman of the markets improvement committee
upon the subject. It had been stated that the corporation
were, to some extent, to blame in the wetter, as they granted
fresh licenses to persons who had been convicted of cru-lty,
and he wished to know whether there was any foundation
for this statement, and whether the committee had taken
any steps to prevent such acts of cruelty from being com-
mitted in future.

Mr. H. L. TAYLOR, the chairman of the markets im-
.provement committee, said he was very glad the question
had been asked, as it gave him an opportunity of correct-
ing a good deal of misapprehension that had been created
upon the subject by the reports that had been alluded to.
He could assure the Court that the committee were
most anxious to prevent cruelty from being exercised to
the animals in the market, and they co-operated with the
officers of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Ani-
mals, with that view, and also employed two sergeants and
12 additional policemen to attend the market on the market •
days for the purpose of carrying out those regulations.
(Hear, hear.) With regard to the charge made against the
committee of having granted fresh licenses to drovers who
had been convicted of cruelty, he could say that this had
never been done, except in two or three cases, and in one of
them the party was clearly proved to have been wrongfully,
convicted, and in the others the offence was of a trivial
character, and the license was renewed upon the application
of the man's own master. Ho would add that the committee
had most anxiously considered the. subject, and were
determined to do all in their power to prevent cruelty being
practised upon the animals brought to the market over
which they had control. (Hear, hear.)
Mr. NORRIS and several other members of the court
expressed themselves perfectly satisfied with the explana-
tion that had been given, and the matter then dropped.

withdrew the request. The court, however, insisted upon
a division, when there appeared.--
For the amendment 65
Agaist it ..... 10
Majority