The Sun.
London, England, 1863-10-30 00:00:00

Naval and Military Intelligence.

THE NAVY.
The building of the new iron war frigate Belle-
rophon, which has just been commenced at Chat-
ham Dockyard, will inaugurate a new era in iron
shipbuilding, the Lords of the Admiralty having
for the first time admitted the importance of hav-
ing the vessels of our future iron fleet constructed
on what is termed the double-bottom, or unsink-
able principle, by which a complete revolution will
be effected in the mode of constructing iron vessels
of war. The me of iron as a material for ships
for the Royal navy has hitherto not been an un-
questionable success. The Warrior and our other
iron ships have proved themselves marvels of strength,
but the disadvantages which have been experienced
by their officers and crew in other respects are so
serious that the iron-plated wooden frigate Royal
Oak, which was lately built and sent to sea from
Chatham, is unquestionably at present the most po-
pular ship, with both officers and men, in the iron-
plated Channel squadron. Ore of the principal
defects of the iron ships is the rapid fouling of the
bottoms, and the information which has come to us
respecting the late cruise of the Channel Fleet
shows that this evil is now more fully felt than
ever among those who know how an important a
quality speed will henceforth become in our war
ships. That the Admiralty are fully alive to the
magnitude of this defect is evinced by the avidity
with which they seize upon any invention submit-
ted to them which offers a good prospect of ulti-
mate success in preventing this serious evil. The
chief defect, however, which has hitherto been ex-
perienced in our iron and iron-clad ships is the, until
now, insurmountable difficulty experienced in ren-
dering them a fit place for some hundreds of officers
and men to pass two or three years of their life.
Unlike a wooden vessel of war, the bottom
of an iron ship is 63 weak —in compari-
eon with its other parts—and so liable to injury,
that unless the ship is divided internally into
numerous independent compartments or cham-
bers, a co.nparatively slight touch of a rock,
or other such injury below water, would expose her
to the risk of almost instant destruction. It has,
therefore, hitherto been found necessary to divide
the Warrior, the Achilles, and our other iron-cased
ships, into short lengths, or sections, by means of
water-tight bulkheads, running across them inter-
nally, the number of these in the Achilles being
nearly 20, extending from the bottom up to the
deck on which the guns arc placed. In addition to
these transverse bulkheads there are many others
in various parts of the ship, so that the whole inte-
rior is divided into some scores or separate compart-
ments, into any one of which the sea may be ad-
mitted, by accident or design, without affecting to
any great extent the fleeting properties of the ship.
The value of this system of construction as a means
of security is obvious, but on the other hand it
is attended by enormous disadvantages, the
chief of which undoubtedly consists in the divi-
sion of an iron ship into a number of isolated
tanks, or air-tight wells, in w!:ich there is little or
no ventilation. This serious disadvantage has en-
gaged the earnest attention of the Admiralty, and
numerous appliances have been introduced into the
iron ships with the object of securing the best light
and ventilation possib!e, but with results far from
satisfactory. This unfortunate defect has hitherto
been considered irremediable, not only in the ships
already built, but also in those proposed to be con-
structed ; and so strongly has this consideration
pressed upon naval men that there is little doubt
it goes a considerable way towards accounting for
the great aversion which most of them undeniably
feel towards the general introduction of iron iato
the navy. Happily, however, in the new iron-cased
ship Bellerophon, which is now in hand at Chatham,
the grave defects adverted to will, if not absolUtely
removed, be reduced to a minimum. Curi-
ously enough, the remedy for this evil, which has
presented such a serious impediment to the general
use of iron in her Majesty's service, has been brought
about by officials who have been generally supposed,
as now appears, erroneously, to exert all
lthe.ir, influ-
ence in favour of the continued and exc usIN e con-
struction of wooden ships, Admiral Robinson, the
Controller of the Navy, and Mr. Reed, the new Chief
Constructor, being, it is presumed, chiefly respon-
sible for the design of the Bellerophon. In the de-
, signs for this vessel, for which the ironwork is now
being prepared in Chatham Dockyard, the minute
subdivisions of the interior of the ships have been
altogether avoided, chiefly by the conjoint adoption,
under new circumstances and with suitable modifi-
cations, of two inventions, both of which have
already
been separately used with great success—
' namely, the double bottom, which has proved of
such immense value in the case of the Great Eastern,
and the " unsinkable principle," which has been
applied by Mr. Langley, of Deptford, to the two
1
Cape mail steamers, the Briton and the Roman.
1 Throughout the entire central portion of the Belle-
rophon, is which the engines, boilers, magazines,
&c., are placed, the bottom of the ship will be double,
the inner and outer bottoms, or hulls, being placed
from three to four feet apart, in order that there
may be ample space between for cleaning and paint-
ing both as often as may be desirable. As this space
between the two bottoms will be required for use,
it will be divided into numerous watertight com-
partments in theusual manner, and consequently
w.._ill
form a series of buoyant cells, any one or more of
which may be injured without the sea being ad-
mitted to the others or to the ship. Beyond the cen-
tral portion of the vessel, at either end Mr. Lung-
ley's plan will be introduced, the lower deck being
used as an interior bottom, and the space below it
made available for Stowage by means of iron water-
tight trunks, rising above the water line. It is this
combination of watertight trunks with watertight
decks—the former being intended as a means for
entering below the latter which constitutes
" Lungley's unsinkable principle," by aid of which
not only is the division of the vessel into watertight
compartments accomplished without obstructing yen-
' tilation, but the vertical trunks themselves form, ns_
will be readily understood, ventilating
the best possible kind. In addition to what h_ as
elent -
apparatusb of
e
already described, the Bellerophon evillcobno,,,,.
structed with water-tight internal walls, comp
fact,wi "
be
ing the double bottom, and thus wida: 'With this
made a double ship from end to,,sesiiity
for internal
system of construction the
Ij7avvay with, since
bulkheads is almost entirely don..,
y opardise the safety
TIO ordinary injury could
from
a
theinilneilejrophon, however, it
of a ship so built.
has apparently been
1 determinedln
pre-
caution shall be spared to render
and she is accordingly to be fin -
accident whatever,
bulkheads of the
~ordinary hind,
ghout tl e
nished withsoniefew
0 placed as not to iaLerfefo with
but these will 1)016
circulation of air thron
end ample . . s
the free
it may be fairly anticipated that the
ship, #0 that - with
which, her heavy Wi'.ll-tour and
new frigate'

same time prove the most healthy a.
vessel of her kind. The principle now
time introduced into the navy will, th t.q
'e is little
doubt, be carried out in the construction of troop
and passenger ships, for which the system
is even
more completely adapted.
Mr. E. S. Reed, Chief Constructor of the .wavy,
visited Woolwich Dockyard on Wednesday, tVid,
accompanied by the Commodore Superintendent,
Sir F. W. E. Nicolson, C. 8., and Mr. Thornton,
assistant master shipwright, inspected the prerara-•
lions making for building the armour-plated frigate
Pallas on No. 6 slip. Arrangements were made
for putting additional workmen on the veesei im-
mediately, so as to complete the frame as soon
uponwere thaelmso. examined,
allsvoithinsi:ectveidewthete
as possible. The other vacant bui.ding slips
s edvectrear:
completion. lie afterwards exa-
mine the size of the vessels which could be built
made
coated
d arrangements
internally
withwere
mined the Buffalo, iron steam storeship, in No. 1
and Spencer's composition
on the other, as an experiment. Her bottom is also
being coated externally with Muntz's metal, on a
plan proposed by Mr. Griffith. The Chief Construc-
tor also inspected the new target and raft, weigh-
ing about 90 tons, which has been built at Wool-
wichdcoomckPosition on one side,
for the purpose of testing the 300 pounder
s and was then Successfullyguns at Shoeburye_u
armour-plates of the En-
their shape at W/ oolevich
and have been forwarded to Deptford yard. It is
launched at'high water. He returned to the Ad-
miralty at 1 a.m.
About one-half of the
present year.
The ships of war on the Australian station at the
-trier .17, Capt.
dare of thiltat idvletifiteiethe Ha
•
Cle Miranda' 14, Capt.
Sullivan, at New%ealand.; t
Jenkins, at New Zealand ; and the Eclipse, 4, aPtt
expected that the Enterprise will be ready for
launching about the end of the
Mayne, at New Zealand. The gunboat bui.l t a
Sydney for -service on the Waikato River, in New
Zealand was expected to be conveyed to its desti-
nation by the Eclipse.
The followingappointments were made yesterday
at the Admiralty :—Lieut. E. B. P. Kelso to the
Royalist ; Vernon Jones, master, to the Royalist ;
A. S. Hamilton and F. Maitland, naval cadets, to
the Royal Oak ; Henry I. Harvey, paymaster, to
the Royalist ; W. Waterman, master's assistant, to
the Nile, as supernumerary; W. E. Filmer, master's
assistant, to the Royalist; and Hamiiton S. Dob-
son, clerk, to the Royalist.
The following appointments have been made in
the Royal Naval Reserve :—Tet be Lieuts.—Joseph
Leeman, Chas. Henry Sivell. To be Sub-Lieuts.—
George Nelson Hector and Joseph Chas. Gilbert.

Mr, Ferrand, M.P., and his Constituents.

Mr. Ferrand, one of the parliamentary represen-
tative of Thvonport, addressed some two thousand
of the inhabitants of that town on 'Wednesday night,
and was enthusiastically received. In a jubilant
tone he praised the electors for placing him in his
proud position, and plumed himself on having
fought and won the battle of the independence of
the borough, although opposed by the first naval
Lord, sent down by "that tyrant," the Duke of
Somerset, that the dockyard electors might be
effectually coerced. The radicals had joined with
the Conservatives in cheering when they first saw
Mr. Ferrand enter the House, for they knew that an
honest man had entered its portals. It was such a
man that Sir Arthur Bailer had vilified and tra-
duced—to defend himself from which attack Mr.
Ferrand then spoke at length, explaining that flu:
course ho had taken with regard to the objectionable
Admiralty note of 1861 was not, as alleged, "
cessively mild," but that the quo: Lions put were
searching, although without practical result. He,
at least had done his best to obtain justice for the
docyardsmen, In proceeding to show how ex-
tremely diligent and successful he had been in pro-
moting the interests of his constituents, MrFerrand
cited his speeches in favour of Sir J. Hay's motion
for the redress of a naval grievance ; in favour of
the employment of Lancashire operatives in
agriculture; and in favour of granting pen-
sions to hired artificers in the dockyards.
Against the restriction of railway compensa-
tion to £lOO ; against the grant for a Constan-
tinople architect, against the abolition cf church
rates, ngainst the purchase of the land and building
of the South Kensington Exhibition, and against
the ballot had Mr. Ferrand voted, and the majority
of the house had gone with him. He had opposed
Mr. Reed's appointment as chief ship-constructor,
for he had neither built a ship nor held responsible
post in the navy yards. The question of super-
annuation of hired artificers would have been
brought forward by Mr, Ferrand had he not been
away from England ; Mr. Hennessy did it for him.
These and other domestic • matters were touched
upon discursively, and Mr. Ferrand's assertion,
that he had been to the Davenport electors a first-
class representative, was received with vehement
applause. Foreign topics were lightly handled,
but the Whig government was roundly abused, in
that it had cheated the country out of a reform
bill; Lord Palmerston and Lord Russell carried
matters their own way, and had forced or were
pushing the country into seven
wars with
America, z
me,rienau,
s/s‘iaff,gliaanndistpanru,
asCiah.ina,Tjh
aerr'n;
N
laud
possibly be short,for when Parliament a gwaaiyenwmweotu:alid-f
a motion of want of confidence was made he would
support it, and it would be sure to bo carried. With
a very slight show of opposition a cordial
approval
was adopted by the meeting.
of Mr. Ferrand's doings
—Western Morning News.

The death of the Rev. John Morley, of Hull, is
announced, The deceased was 93 years of age and wit-
nessed the obsequies of the Rev. John Wesley
STAINED GLASS.-111. Chevreul last week com-
municated to the Academy of Sciences an interest-
ing paper on stained glass as applied to church windows.
The glass used is either colourless, or coloured throughout;r
or else coloured on one side only. This is done by first
dipping the blow-pipe into a crucible containing the s
colour-
less glass, then into another containing the coloured 000.
0,,,.0
To paint upon these three kinds of glass, the drawingo!7o
figure and the application of the shades is effected :few
reverse. The shades are sometimes deepehn however re-
touches on the obverse or exterior face,
which
have no
ceives all the uniform colours, that is, those which
_bait, green
shade. Enamelled glass is painted blue livirnt:::: M. Chev-
with burnt copper, and purple with nrang_hic edema the
reul has examined the old stained glass
i them re
with
windows of St. Gervais, and has foutkea l'a
atmosphere in the
a coating of matter deposited by.
_wing them consists
His method o.ll' dipping them into
course of centuries.
in washing them with water,
,atnincreu king nine degrees of
a solution of sub-carbonate
thore :sang has been softened.
Beaumer's areometer, autilscoured coming a large quantity of
After this they are
agatoinhydrochloric acid marking four
water, then plunged into hi water. M. Chevreul is of
degrees, and lastly rinw produce the finest effect in subjects
opinion that in order the pieces composing them should
glass,
executed in stained_d
connected together by bands of lead. always be small/ and means approve of the large sur-
He does
__Hunt bvygiven to each of the pieces joined together,
&miaow to""'-' -. 'on the eye is deprived of its distinct,-
:n his opini s
because'.„%ion when directed upon the el ges of coloured
ness ofunTeo; these edges are separated by a strong line of
dg
such as is offered by the lead inserted between
the Pie"' It
tion,
it
is idle, he thinks, to imagine that by en-
larging the pieces a step is 'mac towards the effect of oil
painting; this, ho says, is not the ease, and besides, every
art ought to preserve its peculiar stamp.
[ADYEaTisEl'ilENT.]—Consumption, all nervous, bilious,
liver, and stomach complaints, in every stage, are only ag-
gravated and accelerated by drugs of every description, but
perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalenta
Arabics. Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had
been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No, 62,914.
Miss Lange, 18 Years of age, cured after the medical men had
abandoned
all 1,01)c, of her recovery from the last stage of
Pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration,
exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks,
emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly
healthy, blooming, fleshy girl.—N. Lange, Commissaire de.
Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frim.lecYz:
Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver
derangement, and partial deafness.—Cure, No. 47,121.11,7 e 521.._1n.
Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, i
_, 'L.
gatherings, low spiatts, and nervous fancies.--Cin's',..,oik.
54,816. Me Rev. James T. Campbell, Fakenshbahad
of indigestion and torpidity of the liver,
which
Is ticl; led
all medical treatment In tins, 11b, 2s ,and9d _o.,
c No. 77,
feusL'isted
Ils ; 121 b, 225; 241 b, 40s. Barry du Bernd
ifason; and all
Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum
thae vatted Kingdom,
grocers and chemists in every town Of

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1

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- -

LONDON, FRIDAY, OCT. 30, 1863.

If anything could be accepted as " cautionary"
by her MAJESTY'S Ministers, it would certainly be
the reception accorded to a man like,Mr. BUSFIELD
FERRAND by his constituents down at Devonport.
The mere fact of the return of a man like Mr.
FERRAND by that borough, during the existence of
a Whig Government, had about it, as we all very
well remember, a peculiar significance of its own.
If the so-called Conservative reaction could be seen
nowhere else, it could certainly be seen there.
About there being a reaction of some sort, of a poli-
tical character, dead against the Government and in
your of the Opposition, there was no
room left for doubt—after the rejection of
Sir FREDERICK GREY and the return of Mr.
WILLIAM BUSFIELD FERRAND as M.P. for the
borough of Devonport. The former condidate, the
Whig candidate, and one, moreover, who bore the
timbre of Whiggery stamped upon his very name as
a GREY, appeared before the electors of Devonport'
quite notoriously, as the nominee of the First Lord
of the Admiralty, his grace the Duke of SOMERSET.
Yet for all that—but no, we should rather say at
once, precisely because of all that, those free and in-
dependent electors rejected the advances of Sir FRE-
DERICK, and, rather than have him as their represen-
tative, elected to that post of honour one of the
most thoroughgoing, out and out, determined, stub-
born, uncompromising Tories in the land. Mr,
FERRAND, seeking the bubble reputation in the
mve°rltha of the Dockyard cannon—found himself,
y t"lett to his own astonishment, shot
scatheless
into his seat as M.P. for the borough
of Devonport, When the smoke and uproar
of the political explosion had cleired off. It
was the result of a reaction, of a reaction of sheer
disgust. It was not
that the electors of Devon-
port loved Mr. pEtva
hadacquired
views more, but
that they
an intense and utter
abhorre•Ace of those of his opponents ! Their feeling
at the time was very nearly akin indeed to that
diet at; ng the burning lines of CANNIN G—
•
" 'Give me the bold, the erect, the manly foe,
Dauntless I'll meet, perhaps avert the blow'
can send,
Bat from all ills, Great Heaven, thy
wrath
Save, save, 0 save me from the Candid Friend.''

Sir
vtita impulse,
Acting upon which earnest and passionate
the electors of Devonport rejected
GREY and accepted Mr. FERRAND. The riesEußlticolif
Om contest was so startling at the time that
upon
'the apparition of the newly-elected MT. for the
Borough, in the House of Commons, there to take
his seat —W. B. FERRAND, M.P., redivivug
Was hailed with stormy shouts of exultation by the
Opposition, as he walked up to the table between
his introducers. In his reappearance just now
amongst his constituents he speaks out quite as
boldly and resolutely as ever he did in the old days,
when he was wont to cross his dagger of lath with
that flexile, incisive blade of purest metal, wielded
with such a dexterous hand, held in such a grip of
iron, and directed by such formidable thews and
Sinews as those of the arch-champion of Free
Trade, the arch-foe of Protection. Hitting about
hhn new
h. as boldly as ever he did in the heyday of
13 career, the blunderer of twenty years ago has
contrived this time by one happy hit, at a single blow I
to strike exactly the right nail precisely upon the
head, and in
striking it, to drive it, in that one
instant, hot:,
` Sir ARTHUR. BULLED," he re-
marked thetotowards
t close of his speech in the Town
Hall
of Devonpor
as
:B
atirecently as the day before
yesterday,
"Sir Azr ULLER has called me a
Tory. I, for my part, h ver say ' Judge me by
my votes.' If those
votes are Toryism, then I
am a Tory. If
serving you
looking after your interests
must be re-
gardA as Toryism, then, again
o 1
81, 111 am a Tory.
,
While—if making
solemn pledgee frtar
and then breaking them afterward:l:h:rliamentlhustings
,
is to be regarded as Liberalism, then ii, h
Liberall am
no Liberal." Whereat loud cheers fromthe
electors of Devonpoe, who out of sheer disgust far
r
all the old Candid Friends of Liberalism, have re

tux ned by preference a bold, erect, and manly foe
1Q the person of this their outspeak Tory represen-
tat' ,ive. There can be no question whatever any
la. Iger about it, that the late Government, the Con-
servative Government, the Government of Lord
D ERBY and Mr. DISRAELI, were, as Mr. FERRAND
bluntly expressed it, just simply " jockeyed" out
(If office upon the question of Reform. The
( lodge (as Sir HUGH CAIRNS at once

tabbed it) by means of which they were thus
j ockejed being those famous " Resolutions" of
I Lord JOHN RUSSELL'S—the pendant to which
Resolutions, we presume, is Earl RUSSELL'S con-
'.tent( d, complacent placeman's axiom of " Rest and
Be Thankful"—that being, as we know, our noble
ex-R eformer's Final declaration for Finality only
the other day down in Scotland, at Blairgowrie

The Calcutta Mail brings us news of some im-
portant changes about to be proposed for the im-
provement of our Indian towns. The administra-
tion. of justice is unquestionably one of the most
serious difficulties that meet us in our efforts to
secure the efficient and upright Government of
oar Indian possessions. The native mind is so
intricate and subtle, the native tendency to fraud
and dishonesty is unhappily so powerful and so
prevalent that it is extremely difficult to secure
a system which shall at once protect the creditor
from imposition and the debtor from cruelty.
Tho perplexities attending the enforcement of the
contract laws are already familiar to many readers,
and the undue severity of recent enactments was
very properly objected to by the Home authori-
ties. The natives, whose turn of mind makes
them ready and willing to turn to the law for
settlement on any disputed point, and who are
continually cheating, or endeavouring to cheat
each other, are constantly bringing cases before
the courts. There have been many complaints of
the distance which separates the courts, the tardy
decisions, the facility for appeals, and the diffi-
culty of enforcing the fulfilment of obligations
undertaken by contractors, who insist upon cash
advances, and then let the work stand still. It has,
therefore, long been a matter of public concern that
the cumbrous machinery of the Indian law courts
should be made to work more surely, expeditiously,
and cheaply. We all know what is involved in a
long course of litigation, and when we learn that
three-fourths of all the law suits in India are for
sams under £5O, we can readily believe that, in nine
cases out of ten, le jeu ne taut pas la chandelle, to
the real owner of the money, and that the shufffer,
whether he wins or loses, has really and substanti-
ally the best of it. With a view to the adjustment
of these causes of complaint, a Bill has been pre-
pared by the Hon. Mr. MAINE, with the avowed
object of improving " the administration of
civil justice in respect of suits of small
value," which, it may be hoped, will in
good time be the means of introducing a better
state of things. It proposes to empower each local
government to establish courts wherever necessary,
under judges from whose decisions there can be no
appeal, excepting on points of law, to the high
courts, with their consent. The present ruinous
system of disputing every decision on the ground of
inferior rank in the judge, and the hopeless removal
of a case from court to court for mere litigation, or
a desire to postpone the evil day of settlement, will
therefore be entirely reconstituted. These courts
are to adjudicate on all matters up to £5O or £lOO,
as the case may be, and will hear suits to enforce
the performance of contracts, when such suits
claim, as they often do, to damages ranging below
those sums. Tne complainant is also to be able to
institute proceedings against the contractor, whether
or no he have fulfilled part of his contract, and the
defendant, if found guilty of breach of contract,
may be ordered by the court to complete his under.
taking by any given time. Failing to obey the
orders of the court, he will be liable to distraint or
attachment, and thus a class who are only too nu-
merous in India, and whose misconduct has mate
rially retarded the progress of the nation, will find
themselves in a new and awkward position. To
guard, however, against any abuse of power on the
other hand, the Bill provides that the court shall
have power to punish a complainant who brings
a groundless or vexatious charge. Each court is to
have a registrar, who is to have a good deal of the
minor business in his own hands, subject to the de-
cision of his superior. It is suggested that in rural
parts one judge may go on circuit among several
courts. In the selection of the judges, Mr. MAINE
admits, lies the great difficulty of the scheme. It
will be anything but easy to find a sufficient num-
ber of capable and honest men to fill the required
I judgeships. Able Europeans are never too
plentiful in India, and, although there is
no lack of native legal talent, yet the
first requisites of a judge—impartiality and
uprightness—are unfortunately too often wanting.
With a view to check as much as possible any un-
fair administration, this bill has several provisions
intended as a check on the judge. Barristers are
temporarily to act as second judges in districts
where they do not practise, that they may see a
little how matters are carried on ; while some of
the Bengal judges of the High Court will probably
occasionally go on circuit, and thus supervise the
administration of the lower court 3. From these
outlines it appears that the bill is framed very
fairly and temperately with a view to the settle-
ment of a great practical perplexity, from which
many and continuous evils are in the habit of
arising. It cannot, of cours2, be said fully to
answer the purpose until it has been tried ; but
Mr. MAINE has evidently weighed carefully the
various sides of the question, and has succeeded,
we may hope, in laying down a foundation for
future reforms. It is to be hoped that all parties
will agree to give the bill a fair hearing, and, if it
be proved on consideration to promise well, to give
it a fair trial. There is evidently much need for
some alteration in the constitution of our small
Indian. courts, whose number, uncertainty, and
finis
ring delays seem only to encourage the fraadu-
lent and
worthless,ourt,yb while they are likely to drive
atcomplainantoc whose case has been carried from
court
more certain
after appeal, to seek some
shorter and naor
redress than certain method of obtaining
that indicated by
the laws of his
rulers.

The intelligence from ptussia still confirms the
hopes of the party of progress, IQ Berlin all the
members of the Fortschritt partythe
have been re-
turned by a large majority,
and
it;
provinces indicate that a " u"' from the
been obtained by the Liberal Party, triumph" has
decid a
can influence the infatuated party inr anything
power it
ought to be returns like this, In the strongestnt and
most emphatic manner the country, in
ro
vine, have declared for freedom, and it is yet toP be.
seen what notice will be taken of this marked naani_
festation of popular feeling. ,Rarely, if ever, in the
present day, has there been seen so daring an inroad
upon the rights of a people and the privileges of a
nation ; and now it is gratifying to find that a de-
cided check has been put to these extreme measures
by the almost unanimous voice of the people. It is
curious to speculate on what line of conduct the
Ministers will adopt, and what course of policy
they will pursue when the new Parliament as-
, Benables. It is almost certain that they must take
k sonic decided step, fora collision is inevitable. The '

whole of the vexed question will be again brought
forward into discussion, and both sides will engage
in the contest with more acrimony of feeling and
angry excitement than before. The Ministers will
be flushed with power, and eager to maintain the
footing they have established during these months
of absolutism. On the other hand, the representa-
tives of the people will be no less zealous on their
part to vindicate the cause, and set forward the
wrongs inflicted upon those to whom they are
trustees. It is a glorious privilege and a proud posi-
tion to stand forth as the champion of a nation's
liberties and the defender of a people's rights. In
the present state of Prussia it is a sad task that
falls on its representatives in the Chamber of De-
puties. Thera are broken promises to be referred
to, arbitrary decrees to be questioned, undue inter-
ference with the liberties of the subject to be
discussed, and, above all, the individual ac-
tions of Ministers must be accounted for.
They will not find this so easy a task,
and Herr VON BISMARE: will be puzzled, with all
his ingenuity, to explain why he prevented ad•
dresses being sent to the SOVEREIGN, and under
what pretext he tampered with the liberties of the
press. No trifling and hesitation will do when
such vital questions are at stake ; and, above
all, a haughty and imperative demeanour cannot be
tolerated for an instant. If the Ministers of the
Crown recommence their eld notion of asserting
their immunity from inquiry and their non-respon-
sibility to the Chambers, it will be an evil day for
peace and tranquillity in Prussia. The people have
borne with admirable self•command and remarkable
reticence the unparalleled attacks that have been
made upon their privileges, and the inroads
on their Constitution. The present is a
critical time; the day of passive endurance is
past, and the season for action has commenced. It
is to be trusted that the clouds will blow over, and
that the position may be readjusted without any
serious strife ensuing ; but if such a happy issue
does not arrive to the troubles and disturbances of
the political arena, it will be for the people of
Prussia to vindicate themselves before the nations
of Europe. They must make up their minds either
tamely to submit to indignities and suffer their
country to be trampled down and become a second
or third-rate Power, or they must declare that they
are resolved to make a stand for their rights, and to
reinstate themselves in their ancient position. This
is one of those difficult questions where only deci-
sion and daring will carry through, and where
temporising is fatal to the parties who hesitate to
claim their own, and to the cause which they com-
promise by want of firmness.

The prorogation of the Canadian Parliament gave
occasion to the utterance of loyal sentiments, and
also to the expression of patriotic feelings, which at
this critical juncture are particularly welcome.
The Address of the Legislative Assembly, which
was read by their Speaker, was a satisfactory one in
every way. The readiness with which they have
entered into the question of the Volunteers and the
Militia prove that, the importance of the sub-
ject of defence was duly appreciated. There
is nothing of so much consequence at this
moment as to put the whole population into a pro-
per state of defence, and to institute the necessary
inquiries into the state of the present provisions for
war. The enrolment and discipline of volunteers
has been of course one of the chief subjects brought
under the notice of this special session, which has
been convened for the express purpose of making
adequate provision for the emergency that may take
place at any time. It is encouraging to those at
home and abroad to mark the earnest expressions of
goodwill, and the zeal which animated the tenor of
the discourse which the Speaker addressed to the
Governor-General. A State at unity with itself,
and on reciprocal terms of amity with the mother
country, is a pleasinz picture to behold at this mo-
ment when distraction reigns paramount in the
land around it. If any one questioned the sound-
ness of the sentiments of Canada, the earnest and
energetic language of the Assembly would put a
stop to such doubts, and confirm all waverers in the
cause of the unanimity of the subjects of New Vic-
toria in that direction. There is no reason to doubt
the declaration of the Speaker that their union in
debate was the type and symbol of the zeal and
patriotism that pervaded the whole country ; nor
yet, further, can his next assertion be gainsaid—
that, if trouble comes, all creeds and origins will
unite in the defence of the land and the mainten-
ance of its connection with the mother country.
We live in happier times than our forefathers. The
aspect of American affairs is different in the days of
Queen VICTORIA to what it was in those of her
grandfather, King GEORGE. Then misrule and
weak administration lost to the Crown of Eng-
land many important possessions in North America.
Now, good government and right apprehension of
their mutual position, has maintained inviolate the
sway of a Sovereign, while around our province the
storms have raged, skaking the foundations of other
States to their centre. Whatever the danger may
be, it is best guarded against by the exercise of a
free constitution. There is a peculiar influence im-
parted by that blessing of a State which is never so
strong and unfailing as when other hopes falter
and other supports give way. In the days of their
first establishment the pioneers of the wonderful
republic would have been scandalised to know that
in after days their States would vie with each other
in anarchy over the extent of their vast arena, while
a province of the despised Royalists would be a star
in the darkness, and present an example of internal
order and external peace which grander neighbours
would do well to copy.

A SINGLE VAPOUR BATH is said, by a French
medical journal, to be a certain cure for hydrophobia.
MR. BARON PIGOTT. Yesterday Mr. Baron
Pigott sat at the judges' chambers for the first time
since his appointment, and disposed of a number of sum-
monses. The applications were of a routine character. His
lordship will take his seat on the bench on Monday, in the
Court of Exchequer, being the first day of Michaelmas Term.
Mr. Justice Mellor also sat at chambers, and after he had
heard the summonpes returnable before him, assisted the
new judge in getting through his list. One or more of the
learned judges will daily attend at chambers to facilitate
the proceedings in their respective courts.

PROTEST AGAINST THE POLKA !—To say the truth
it is not a pleasant dance, and how it ever could
have come into vogue is a marvel. Does any young gentle-
man call to mind its first appearance in this country ? (of
course it is beyond the ladies' recollection) the elaborate
pirouetting, hand in hand, vi 3 d vas, dos a dos, toe-and-heel
business which characterised its original performance ?
Any couple who should now go through these elaborate
figures would be put down as reciprocally insane. The
dance of St. Vitus itself would hardly be looked upon with
more horror. Even reduced to its simplest elements of
two slides and a hop, it is open to objection. Why hop
at all, in the strictest sense of the word ? Dancing
should be an easy gliding motion, or a downright spring
from the ground (which of course would never be tolerated
in decent society). But this capering on one leg is
detestable. When Mdlle. Coryph6e comes down to the
footlights, and, supported by M, Glissour, balances herself
ys ; di
on one toe, and points the other at right angles to the grand
tbier, the venerable gentleman in the stage box may applaud,
but I can hiss with equal gusto from the pit. Wonderful ?
e fnciat yea;
NO It is a
dmaons.trous absurdity—a
but grace:ul? no, NO,
gross imposition to call this ballet-
f notdancingjugge raau;t ipteirsfocr :au.° 1
They
posturing, rsina
yg , t
hscarcely
r
less ugly than those which fanatical fakeers, or dervishes,
girl's feet are horribly
or ballet-
dancing. t
ministersng
108
deformed in consequence—clubbed
together at the toes from this unnatural exertion. Down
ounltthheth"setamgoenisfttrhoseiytyc;anletta tkhee
afiug
cu
tzrt cps°
.aitt least stand
FrOM hQllffOn l,'4GifeY"fOr 4.VfMber, eociet
society.—

LATEST INTELLIGENCE.

[REUTER'S TELEGRAM.]

TURKEY.
CONSTANTINOPLE, OCT. 30.
The Minister of Finance contradicts the report
that the dividends on the new Consolides are to be
paid in London and Paris, and states that they will
be punctually paid in Constantinople only by the
Imperial Bank.

HUNGARY.

VIENNA, OCT. 29.

The Chancellor of Hungary has forwarded a let-
ter to the Lower House of the Reichsrath, stating
that he will be represented by an Aulic Councillor
in the Finance Committee during the debate upon
the loan to palliate the distress existing in Hun-
gary.

~.............1

FRANCE.

BOURSE, Oct. 29.—The market has been rather
firmer, and prices improved. Threes for the Ac-
count are now at 67t. 10e. Mobilier have also
recovered to 1,102 f, 60e. Railway shares show a
slight improvement. The market closed as follows :
it per Cents .. 95 I Italian Loan 73 15
Do. end month...• Do. end month 73 20
3 per Cents ...... 67 New ditto
Do. end month.... 67 05 I Do. end month....
Credit Mobilier.... Russian
Do. end month.. • • --- Austrian
Bank Shares ......3300 --- Spanish Threes.„ 53 25
CRroemdiata ...._ Rome Debt .
rhaB.k oncier .... 1270

RLIL

Cash. Account.
0r1ean5....... 975 .. 975
Northern ....
Lyons and Mediterranean 195050:4:50
___-1
........
540: --
New ditto
Geneva 498 75 .. 498 75
Southern ........
Western ......
Eastern ....
Sardinian 413 75 .. 413 75
Austrian
.. 415
Lombard
6_35
_.-- .. :
364302
_5O
North of Spain
Saragossa
Ditto to Barcelona

AN APPEAL TO ENGLAND,

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

LONDON, Oct. 23.
SlR,—Allow me to call your attention to the ac-
companying circular, the object of which must needs
excite your sympathy. M. de Laroartine has not
tmoeetxpe
in France
raanncde
hweitnhow appeals to England to helpthe assistance he was entitled
him out of his sad position. Under these circum-
stances, I trust, air, you will not refuse to grant him
the publicity of your columns.
Both in his name and mine, I thank you before-
hand for your kind concurrence.—l am, sir, your
obedient servant,

IttiEvDe oAfzAulß.'de Lamartine,
RepresAenLtFa
117, Jermyn-street.

SUBSCRIPTION FOR M. DE LAMARTINE, THE GREAT
FRENCH POET.
Nous parlous ici-bas des langaes etrangeres ;
L'onde de mes torrents n'est pas l'e!lu,que to bolts;
dais fame comprend lame, et la pm? rend ft eres
Tous ceux dont le cceur est la you.
LAMARTINE : Recueillements Poetiques.
Notwithstanding the reiterated appeals which M. de La-
martine has addressed to France his debts are still enormous,
and this illustrious poet, this noble veteran of genius, whose
utterances for nearly half a century have been anxiously
looked for by the whole of Europe, this great statesman, by
whom in 1848 civilisation was saved, cannot now save him-
self, and he is doomed to see the asylum of his old age, the
seat of his ancestors, become the property of the stranger.
Like Tasso, Camoens, Sheridan, Chateaubriand, and
Balzac, he has drank and still drinks of the cup of poverty,
and unless aided by his sympathisers, he is condemned to
pass his last days in a sort of moral ergastutum and to de-
part from this world without acquitting his debts—debts
originated by his generosity, doubled by his liberality, and
increased threefold by his devoted patriotism—debts not
only honourable in themselves, but which are to him a title
of glory.

There can surely be no more touching spectacle than that
of the unceasing efiJrts, the superhuman struggles of M.
do Lamartine during the last ten years to enable him to
achieve his liberation—his only care, his solo preoccupation
—for which result he would doubtless willingly sacrifice
the better part of his fame.

The anxious efforts of this great man to wrest his honour
from the hands of his creditors, add another magnificent
poem to those he has written.

Thanks to his unremitting literary and mental labours a
portion of the debt has been paid, but the residue is still
heavy.

To these anxieties are added other afflictions more poig-
nant still, because they strike direct to the heart; within
two months M. de Lamartine has had to deplore the loss
both of his wife and his sister.
Still France is forgetful—forgetful of the glory he has
shed upon her, of the services he has rendered her. France
unaided cannot save her poet I
Deeply sympathising with his sad position, his friends
have advised him to make a last appeal to those noble minds
who, although not of the same country, are nevertheless
compatriots by elevation of intellect and the exquisite sew
timents of the heart.
I have assured M, de Lamartine that I know enough of
England to be able to guarantee that she would not only
contribute to this work of rehabilitation, but that she would
insist on taking a prominent part in it. He at first dissented
from this idea, but subsequently sanctioned it in the follow-
ing letter to me, dated October 1:
" I could not be othei wise than deeply sensible of the
affectionate zeal inspired by your friendship for me. I send
you, according to your wish, my definitive reply. lam so
weary of the struggle that I can flatter you with no hope of
success. But I will not dishearten you. In friendship
sometimes lies the secret of success.
" I consent to your making in England the attempt you
speak of, and I herewith send you my authorisation.
" Accept my thanks, and believe me, &c.,
" A. DE LIMAILTINZ."

tinder these circumstances I now solicit your kind con-
currence in the work to which I devote myself. Do not
withhold it, for time presses and the case is urgent.
M. de Lamartine has himself become the publisher of his
general and complete works—poems, romances, literature,
politics, history, and speeches ; he has also added numerous
fragments, and even entire works hitherto unpublished. It
forms a magnificent literary monument, and it is also an
edition of uncommon splendour.
It is for a cupy of this edition that your subscription is
earnestly solicited. Its price is fixed at seventeen guineas,
and M. de Lamm tine undertakes to have it delivered to you
in London or any other part of Great Britain. If, then, you
will kindly remit me a post-office order or a cheque for the
above sum, M. de Lamartine, to whom I shall transmit the
amount of your subscription, will himself forward you the
said complete copy of his works.
I will also thankfully acknowledge in his name, by return
of post, any donation you may be pleased to offer him, and
I should likewise feel grateful if you would acquaint your
friends with the contents and purport of this letter.
Thanking you beforehand fur our great poet, and trusting
that British generosity will achieve what France has failed
to accomplish,—Believe me to be, your most obedient ser.

vant, ALTRED AZUR,
Rrepresentativo of M. de Lanmain°.
117, Jermyn-street, London, Oct. 14, 1863.

MRS. NIGHTINGALE'S TOMB IN WESTMINSTER
ABBEY—one of the most remarkable works of the
great sculptor Roubilliac—is scornfully declared by the
Athenceuns to have been made at a time when Gothic art
was supposed to b 3 one of the "follies of our ancestors."
The monument in question, rays our contemporary,
shows a frontispiece after the fashion of many books
of the Georgian age. A tomb, with iron doors ajar,
allows a half-shrouded skeleton, Death—dart in hand,
and with the action of muscle-clothed vitality —to
start forth and menace a lady, who, by some strange
process is placed, wearing her night-dress, upon the entab-
lature of the grave porch; she faints, probably as much at
the thought of her attire and situation as at the sight of the
marble terror. Mr. Nightingale, also strangely arrayed,
sustains with one arm his sinking spouse and with the other
makes as if he would divert the dart. Ho does not, how-
ever, do so in any way that would be effectual, nor with the
slightest evidence of an intention to interpose his own bony,
as a sculptor would make him do if filled with the subject
and;earnest in its expression. The gentleman's fingers,
between which the dart might pass, his shrinking air, and
stagey expression of face, with eyes and mouth wide open,
hair uplifted and dilated nostrils, represent an actor making
a " point " for the delight of the galleries, not a man in
mortal terror for another's life. If Mr. Nightingale is
meant to be thinking snore of himself than of his wife, the
designer has missed the noblest point of his theme ; mean-
ing the reverse, the artist has failed to express it, because
he studied, not life, but the stage, where the heartless actor
strutted his little hour before the crowd that came, nut to be
taught but struck by the shallow emotions of men no more
in earnest than their audience. As a work of sculpture, no
less than as an architectonic decoration, this composition is
absurd, because it attempts to represent that which only
painting can fairly render, and parts with the grandeur,
stilled emotion, and abstraction of monumental art.

The youngest daughter of the Couut de Morita-
lembert took the veil on Tuesday last in the Chapel of the
Dames du Sasr6 Cesar at Coates, the Bishop or Orleans
ofticiating,

People's Edition of Macaulay's History of
England,

The History of _England, from the Accession of
James the Second. By the Right Hon. Lord
Macaulay. Part I. Pp. 96. Longman and Co.

The commencement, in a serial form, of a popular
edition of Macaulay's great fragment of a master-
piece, is nothing less than an event in literature.
We know of no work, the publication of which, in
a serial form, at a price so very moderate, and in a
shape in every way so well worthy of preservation,
is calculated so immediately to justify its title by
becoming "Popular." I❑ fourteen monthly instal-
ments, the present edition will be completed—that
is to say, it will be completed in just about one
twelvemonth's time, the initial number being here
already within our hands, and the two last parts
being secure (as usual with all serial issues)
of appearing, a year hence, simultaneously, as a
double number. When thus completed the work
will range upon the subscribers' bookshelves in four
goodly volumes, each volume consisting of some
three hundred closely printed doubled columned
pages. The fourteen numbers or parts—of which
the one here under notice is the first—being, in
effect, then, on that close of their periodical issue
—quartered by the binder. So much for the
material part of the enterprise here adventured upon
by the publishers, an enterprise, the happy thought
of which, we may rest assured, will be bailed, far
and wide, not only in England, but throughout the
whole British Empire, with satisfaction. For,
what, in point of fact, is the work which is thus
being brought directly within reach of the million ?
As a political or religious guide, in any way, we
believe it, for our own part, to be utterly value-
less. But, as a master-piece of noble
writing, we believe it, quite as confidently,
to be, in a manner, unrivalled. It is, so far
as life permitted it to be extended, the most care-
fully considered and the most wonderfully executed
literary performance of the greatest prose writer
in the language. Upon its first appearance, upon
the publication of the first two volumes of the work
—a work its author intended, and its readers hoped,
might in the fulness of time prove very volu-
minous—it was hailed, as one may say, with accla-
mation. Hardly a single dissentient voice was
raised against it as a very marvel of literary com-
position. As a specimen of political partizanship,
"its offence," we shrink not from protesting this, was
" rank and smelt to heaven." The most cynical
among the few critics who really fell foul of it, the
late Right Hon. John Wilson Croker. who had
❑otoriously a heavy score to clear off, if that
might have been in any way possible against
one who had been years previously utterly
pitiless to himself—in " the " Quarterly Review,
in a word, Mr. Croker dubbed the work at
once, with a but r-like sarcasm that still sticks to
it, in the popular remembrance, " a great Whig
pamphlet." Another distinguished writer on the
Tory side, but one very different, if only by reason
of the geniality of his temperament, meaning no
other tha❑ Sir Archibald Alison, spoke of the great
Whig Historian, the great Whig Fabulist, as
his political foes would rather term him, spoke most
happily of Lord Macaulay as an annalist, as one
ealled not to the bench, but, on the contrary, to
the bar of history. Declining, as assuredly we must
—even, be it said, with a sort of indignation—de-
clining altogether to regard Lord Macaulay as a
mere magnificent pamphleteer, we must nevertheless
recognise the aptness of that phrase of Alison's, as
to his being called to the bar of history, and not to
the bench. He is the advocate, the impassioned,
the wondrously eloquent, the absolutely enthralling
advocate—not the judge, who sums up with a
most serene, a most persuasive, and a most
impressive deliberation. And it is by rea-
son of the very fervour of his partisanship that
we do seriously believe the book, as one with a bias,
to be in a manner harmless. Its very fervour puts
the rational reader, from the first and throughout,
upon his guard. And, with regard to its effect
upon the majority of rational men, we rest per-
fectly well assured that when the book is finally
closed, after the most careful, or after the most care-
less, perusal of it, it leaves its reader's judgment
altogether unwarped. " The Devil is not so black,"
even the most infatuated of Whigs would say to
himself, with a shrug of the shoulders, on shutting
up this marvellously vivid series of historical por-
traits—" is not quite so black as he is here painted."
While, upon the other hand, great man as William
111. undoubtedly was, as Prince, as King, as
Statesman, few—none—no, not one, other than
Macaulay himself—could consent to regard him as
nothing less than a hook-nosed Archangel! It is as
a literary masterpiece that we yield up to the work
our unstinted admiration. As a political guide it is,
to our mind, worthless. As a prose composition it is
simply inimitable. As the last and most highly
elaborated production of the greatest master of style
in our literature, as the magnum opus of the most
superb writer of prose in the English language
" The History of England," by Lord Macaulay,
is always secure of winning to itself at once
our eager welcome, no matter what the form
or aspect of the edition in which it may come
to us, whether in one the most modest or
the most magnificent, the most cheap or the most
costly. But the reception accorded to the People's
Edition here commenced, we may be absolutely
certain, will be ono in every way commensurate
with the comprehensiveness and the splendour of
the lofty reputation enjoyed (wherever the English
language is spoken or read) by the Great Essayist,
Orator, Lyrist, Critic, Annalist, Statesman.

The Quarterly .Review. No. 228.

A very able and interesting essay on the progress
of engineering science is the first to greet us in this
number. In no department of human skill and
power has more rapid advance been made ; and the
brief years of our own generation have seen the
introduction and perfection of inventions that have
revolutionised the habits of the world and rendered
worthless the experience of ages, The develop-
ment of the principles upon which bridges, canals,
railways, and ships are constructed, are touched
upon in turn. The writer justly observes in his
exordium, that what printing did for the develop-
ment of intellectual power and the communication
of ideas, steam is doing for the material welfare of
mankind. "It is no hyperbole to say that already
within the last hundred years the engineers have
doubled the mechanical power, and more than
doubled the productive resources of mankind ; while
they have reduced the dimensions of the globe,
measured by time, to less than one fourth of what
they were in 1863." The marvellous effects of
water power are dwelt upon at some length. The
application of the hydraulic force at Birkenhead
and at Menai were miracles of engineering skill.
Some of those who are familiar with our fine har-
bours may perhaps be surprised to know that down
to the end of the last century we were content with
those with which nature had favoured us. De
Cessart, who designed the breakwater at Cherbourg,
was the first to surmount the difficulties of the sub•
ject, Of the celebrated Birkenhead Float we have
the following description :
As a single work the great float at Birkenhead far sur-
passes anything on the opposite side of the water, or indeed
any work of its class that has yet been attempted any-
where. The area of water in this one dock is 121. acres,
and it is approached by three great entrances, one of which
has a sluicing apparatus, intended to keep the low-water
entrance basin free from sediment, and which is constructed
on a scale never before attempted; but whether it will
attain its proposed object is very much doubted. The
principal entrance has gates with a clear opening of 100
feet; the largest ever constructed, which would admit the
Great Eastern if divested of her paddle-wheels, and will
admit the largest screw-steamer or sailing-ship that the
wildest imagination has yet conceived.
It is difficult to convey a correct idea of the magnitude
of such a work as this, for even its money value does not
tell the story of its difficulty. It may, however, help us if
we recollect that St. Paul's Cathedral cost about £300,000,
and this was more than the expense of any of our medivsLal
cathedrals. The Parliament Houses cost two millions; and
it we take the Gseat Pyramid of Cheops at.n
ah
aa Contract
cubic foot, which is about the price at
could be obtained, it would cost a little ovwe
As before hinted, this dock will cost
iiadoing,
it
is
six;L:hfic)cubrutmaiisliotnwsO
millions, at least, were wasted in dboieng
foauudnd to undertake
probable that a contractor might
this Float or the Great Pyramid at about the sang, lump

BUM.
The remoyal of the Sunderland lighthouse a dis-

Lance of 475 feet was in its day considered an
astonishing feat. It was a building of masonry 69
feet 7 inches in height, and weighed 338 tons, yet
the light was never extinguished, and no hitch or
accident occured during its perilous progress. " And
such is the familiarity since acquired with works of
this class that twice the dimensions nr thrice the
weight would hardly make an engineer pause if asked
to undertake such an operation." With regard to the
history of bridge building, it is somewhat remarkable
that the Egyptians, with all their boldness of design,
and skill in execution, never bridged the Nile ,
while the Greeks also shrank from any such
undertaking. It was reserved for the more
daring and resolute Romans to make the attempt,
and there are still standing arches of their
construction of more than 100 feet span
springing at a height of more than 100 feet from
the bed of the river. The privilege of the engineer,
says the writer, is to think for himself ; not to go
back to distant ages for obsolete precedents, but to
look at the task before him and to consider the best
practical means of attaining that end. The daring
and success of our modern engineers have received
striking proof in the lines over the Alps and in
Central India. The cost of the lines over the
Semmering Pass in the Alps and on the Bhore
Ghat incline are very much alike—botli,being about
£68,000 per mile. A steep incline is no longer a
formidable obstacle, and our author remarks, half in
jest and half in earnest, that even the Himalayas
might now be traversed by the steam horse. Fol-
lowing this interesting paper on the men of action,
we come to one who was a chief of the world of
thought, yet withal no idle dreamer. 'Eke pathetic
story of laughter-moving Thomas Hood; the sor-
rows and sufferings that taught the poet his quick
insight into human grief, temptations, and neces-
sities ; the noble, courageous iife, the calm resigned
death, are all sketched by a friendly and a feeling
hand. His many great and rare qualities as poet,
as humorist, and as man, are alike done justice to.
All readers of Hood must acknowledge the truth and
force of the following tribute :—" Many are the
temptations for wit and humorist to win. The lauo
on forbidden grounds, it is easy to make merry in
low life. But Thomas Hood is never coarse, he
never penetrates the sanctuaries of human feeling
with the grin of irreverence. Whatever mockery
mask he may wear for the time, we know there is a
kindly face and a gentle heart behind it. He has
no cynical smile for our ever recurring difficulties
in this old battle field of good and evil, but always
a word of cheer for the right. He has no scoff for
his inferiors ; no rage against superiors, owes the
world no grudge." Equally true is the following
passage on what was indeed our poet-humorist's
noblest characteristic :

Bat it is Thomas Hood's chief glory that he " remem-
bered the forgotten," His greatest work is that which his
poems will do for the poor. The proudest place for his
name is on the banner borne at the head of their great
army as it marches on to many a victory over ignorance,
crime, and wrong. The lines written by..E.whylus for his
own epitaph show us that ho was prouder of having fought
at Marathon and left his mark upon the Made than of all
the works he had written, Heine the German Poet-Wit
tells his countrymen he does not know whether he has won
the laurel, nor does he care what they say of him as a poet ;
but they may lay a sword upon his coffin because he was
a brave soldier in the war for the freedom of mankind. In
like manner, when we may have expatiated on the wit of
Hood, or shown his fancy at the daintiest, the highest
praise we can award is symbolled on his own tomb-stone,
" He sang the Song of the Shirt."
Other articles on varying interest and ability
follow; among them an article on that very un-
satisfactory people the Japanese, and an able essay
on Mr. Froude's Queen Eiizabeth.